Wikipedia lgwiki https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olupapula_Olusooka MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.14 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2997 66796 65147 2026-08-05T18:38:04Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66796 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenya''', mu butongole Republic of Kenya,[b] nsi esangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. N’omuwendo gw’abantu abateeberezebwa okuba nga basukka mu bukadde 53.3 mu makkati ga 2025,<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-12-23 |title=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics - Kenya's Top Data Site |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/ |access-date=2025-01-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kenya ekwata kifo kya 27 mu mawanga agasinga abantu abangi mu nsi yonna ate mu Afirika ekwata kya musanvu. Ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu Kenya ye Nairobi. Ekibuga eky’okubiri mu bunene era ekisinga obukadde mu Kenya ye Mombasa, ekibuga ky’omwalo ekisangibwa ku kizinga kya Mombasa. Ebibuga ebirala ebikulu mu Kenya mulimu Kisumu, Nakuru ne Eldoret. Ng'odda ku kkono, Kenya eriraanye South Sudan mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Ethiopia mu Bukiikakkono, Somalia mu Buvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, Tanzania mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba, n'Ennyanja Nnalubaale eya Uganda mu Bugwanjuba. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omu nsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Mu bitundu ebirala mulimu ebyafaayo by'ekyeya, ekyeya, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion, ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omunsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya mwalimu abamu ku bantu abaasooka okuva mu bajjajja baabwe ab'ekika kya Homo. Obujulizi bungi obw'ebisigalira by'ebintu ebyo ebikwata ku byafaayo by'obulamu bw'abantu buzuuliddwa mu Koobi Fora. Oluvannyuma, Kenya yabeeramu abayizzi era nga bano be baasooka okubeera mu Kenya ng'abantu ba Hadza mu kaseera kano.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=African Hunter-Gatherers: Survival, History and Politics of Identity |url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104052710/https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2018 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The East African Bushmen |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200619/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891_The_Myth_of_the_East_African_%27Bushmen%27 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza kw'ebyafaayo ebikwata ku bintu ebyakozesebwanga n'ebisigalira by'amagumba, aboogezi b'Olucusha be baasooka okubeera mu kitundu kino eky'ettale wakati w'omwaka gwa 3,200 ne 1,300 BC, ekiseera ekimanyiddwa nga Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic (abazadde b'aboogezi b'Olunilotic mu Kenya) baatandika okuva mu South Sudan ey'omu kiseera kino okudda mu Kenya awo nga mu mwaka gwa 500 BC.<ref name="EhretCHS">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera ennimi ez’ekibantu baasenga ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ne mu bitundu by’omunda wakati w’omwaka 250 BC ne 500 AD.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wonders Of The African World |url=http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019091759/http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=18 October 2021 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Okukwatagana kw’Abazungu kwatandika mu 1500 AD n’Obwakabaka bwa Portugal, era okufuga Kenya okw’omulembe kwatandika mu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okulambula kw’Abazungu mu Afirika. Kenya ey’omulembe yava mu bukulembeze bwa matwaale, obwatandikibwawo Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza mu 1895, era Kenya ey'etwaale yatandiika mu 1920. Mombasa kye kyali ekibuga eky'etwaale ly'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Mombasa {{!}} History, Map, Location, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mombasa |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> nga mulimu ebisinga obungi ku ebyo ebiri mu Kenya leero ne mu BukiikaddyobwObugwanjuba bwa Somalia, okuva mu 1889 okutuuka mu 1907. Obutakkaanya wakati wa Bungereza n'ekitundu ekyo kyaviirako okutandikawo ekibiina kya Mau Mau, ekyatandika mu 1952, era n'okulangirira obwetwaze bwa Kenya mu 1963. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yasigala nga memba mu Commonwealth of Nations. Kenya ggwanga elikulemberwa Pulezidenti ng'ono alondebwa bulondebwa saako n'ababaka abalondebwa okukiikirira abantu era pulezidenti y'akulira gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2007 |title=Victorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Table of ContentsVictorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Glossary |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213045132/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |archive-date=13 December 2007 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba mu bitongole eby'enjawulo ebiwerako nga eky'amawanga amagatte ekya United Nations, Commonwealth, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, COMESA, International Criminal Court, awamu ne bitongole ebirala bingi eby’ensi yonna. Era lye limu ku mawanga agasinga obunene mu East ne Central Africa, nga Nairobi ekola ng’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obusuubuzi mu kitundu.<ref name="largest-economy">{{cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2045350/africa-richest-country-kenya-overtake-ethiopia|title=One of Africa's 'richest' countries set to be overtaken by neighbour - £12bn more|work=Express|date=27 April 2025|accessdate=29 April 2025|author=Robinson, Rebecca}}</ref> Nga buli muntu alina ebyenfuna bya ddoola 2,110,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) – Kenya |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KE&year_high_desc=true |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> eggwanga liri mu byenfuna bya wansi. Obulimi n'obulunzi bye bisinga okuwagira eby'enfuna by'eggwanga; eby'okunywa nga kyayi ne kaawa bye birime eby'ennono eby'okutunda, so ng'ate ebimuli byo byeisinga okukula naddala mu kubitunda ebweru w'eggwanga. Ekitongole ky'obuweereza, naddala eby'obulambuzi, nakyo kimu ku bintu ebisinga okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna by'eggwanga. Kenya mmemba mu East African Community trade bloc,<ref>{{cite web |title=East African Community |url=https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224100426/https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eala.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=East African Federation |url=https://www.eac.int/political-federation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215003829/https://www.eac.int/political-federation |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eac.int}}</ref> wadde ng'ebitongole ebimu eby'ensi yonna ebikola ku by'obusuubuzi bigitwala ng'emu ku nsi eziri mu Greater Horn of Africa.<ref>Maxwell, Daniel, and Ben Watkins. "Humanitarian information systems and emergencies in the Greater Horn of Africa: logical components and logical linkages." Disasters 27.1 (2003): 72–90.</ref> Afirika ye katale akaasinga obunene mu Kenya, nga kakulembeddwamu Omukago gwa Bulaaya.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mwangi S. Kimenyi |last2=Francis M. Mwega |last3=Njuguna S. Ndung'u |date=May 2016 |title=The African Lions: Kenya country case study |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527210738/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016 |publisher=The Brookings Institution}}</ref> == Ennyanjula == Republic of Kenya erinnya lyayo liva ku lusozi Kenya. Erinnya eryasooka okuwandiikibwa mu kyasa kya 19 lyali "Kĩ-Nyaa" oba "Kĩlĩma- Kĩinyaa", ob'olyawo kubanga enkula y'olwazi oluddugavu n'omuzira ku ntikko zaalwo zaamujjukiza ebyoya bya maaya ensajja.<ref name="sullivan">{{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Paul |year=2006 |title=Kikuyu Districts |publisher=Mkuki na Nyota Publishers |location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania}}</ref> Mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu olw'edda, ekigambo 'nyaga' oba nga bwe kitera okukozesebwa 'manyaganyaga' kikozesebwa okunnyonnyola ekintu ekyaka ennyo. Abagikuyu, ababeera mu bisulo bya Mt. Kenya, bakiyita Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga (mu bujjuvu 'olusozi olwaka ennyo') mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu, so ng'ate Abembu bakiyita "Ki-nyaga" oba Kirima Kinyaga. Amannya gano gonna gasatu galina amakulu ge gamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526191351/http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |archive-date=26 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> Ludwig Krapf yawandiika erinnya nga Kenia ne Kegnia.<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |year=1860 |title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours in Eastern Africa |publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd |location=London}}</ref><ref name="krapf_452">{{cite journal |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |date=13 May 1850 |title=Extract from Krapf's diary |journal=Church Missionary Intelligencer |volume=i |page=452}}</ref><ref name="foottit">{{Cite book |last=Foottit |first=Claire |year=2006 |title=Kenya |url=https://archive.org/details/kenya0000foot |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=978-1-84162-066-4 |series=The Brade Travel Guide |orig-year=2004}}</ref> Abamu bagambye nti kino kyali kiwandiiko ekituufu eky’eddoboozi lya Afirika /ˈkɛnjə/.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ratcliffe, B. J. |date=January 1943 |title=The Spelling of Kenya |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=42 |issue=166 |pages=42–44 |jstor=717465}}</ref> Mmaapu eyakubibwa mu 1882 nga yakubibwa Joseph Thompsons, munnassaayansi Omusikooti era omunoonyereza ku butonde, yalaga Mt. Kenya nga Mt. Kenia. Erinnya ly'olusozi ly'akkirizibwa, pars pro toto, ng'erinnya ly'eggwanga. Teryakozesebwa nnyo mu biseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, eggwanga bwe lyali liyitibwa East African Protectorate. Erinnya ly'eggwanga lyakyusibwa ne lifuuka Ettwaale lya Kenya mu 1920. == Ebyafaayo == '''Ebyafaayo aby'edda''' Ebika bya Hominid, gamba nga Homo habilis (fl. 1.8 okutuuka ku myaka obukadde 2.5 emabega) ne Homo erectus (fl. obukadde 1.9 okutuuka ku myaka 350,000 emabega), oboolyawo bajjajja ba Homo sapiens ow'omulembe guno, baali babeera mu Kenya mu kiseera kya Pleistocene.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite book |last=Glynn Llywelyn Isaac |first=Barbara Isaac |year=1977 |title=Olorgesailie: archeological studies of a Middle Pleistocene lake basin in Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-38483-2 |page=xiii |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415094804/https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> East Africa, omuli ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebisinga okuba eby'edda gye balowooza nti abantu ab'omulembe guno (Homo sapiens) baabeeranga. Mu 1984, mu kiseera ky'okuziikuula eby'edda ku Nnyanja Turkana, munnabyafaayo Richard Leakey, ng'ayambibwako Kamoya Kimeu, yazuula Omulenzi w'e Turkana, ekiwuduwudu kya Homo erectus eky'emyaka obukadde 1.6. East Africa, nga mw'otwalidde ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebyasooka abantu ab'omulembe (Homo sapiens) gye bateebereza okuba nga baabeerangamu. Obujulizi obulala obukwata ku byafaayo bya Kenya eby'edda byazuulibwa mu 2018, nga muno mwe muli okweyoleka kw'ebikolwa eby'omulembe, omuli okusuubulagana okw'ewala (okwali kuzingiramu ebyamaguzi nga obsidian), okukozesa langi ez'enjawulo, era oboolyawo n'okukola obusaale obukubibwa, emyaka nga 320,000 egiyise. Abawandiisi b'okunoonyereza kwa mirundi esatu okwakolebwa mu 2018 ku kifo kino bagamba nti ebikolwa eby’ekikugu era eby’omulembe byali byatandika dda mu Afirika awo nga mu kiseera eky’okweyoleka kwa Homo sapiens.<ref name="NPR-593591796">{{Cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Rhitu|author-link=Rhitu Chatterjee|date=15 March 2018|title=Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up In Kenya|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315193655/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Atlantic-555674">{{Cite news|last=Yong|first=Ed|author-link=Ed Yong|date=15 March 2018|title=A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity – New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species.|work=[[The Atlantic]]|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117002023/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|archive-date=17 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Brooks">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino AL, Leslie DE, Ambrose SH, Ferguson JR, d'Errico F, Zipkin AM, Whittaker S, Post J, Veatch EG, Foecke K, Clark JB |year=2018 |title=Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6384 |pages=90–94 |bibcode=2018Sci...360...90B |doi=10.1126/science.aao2646 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=29545508 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya eya leero baali bajjajja abayizzi era abakunguzi, abafaanana n’aboogera Olukhoisan olw’omulembe guno. Oluvannyuma beegattibwako abayizzi era abakunguzi ab’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotic, gamba nga Abaogiek, abaateekawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi era ey’obuwangwa mu bibira by’omu nsozi ebbanga ddene nga abantu abalala abasenguka tebannatuuka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Survival |title=Ogiek |url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/peoples/ogiek |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.survivalinternational.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="EhretC18">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abantu bano oluvannyuma baasikizibwa abalimi era abalunzi abava mu Cushitic (abazadde b'abo aboogera Olucushitic mu Kenya), abaava mu Kkono lya Afirika.<ref name="EhretHRSC">Ehret, C. (1980) ''The historical reconstruction of Southern Cushitic phonology and vocabulary'', Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 5, Bd., Reimer, Berlin.</ref> Mu kiseera ekya mu Holocene, embeera y'obudde mu kitundu kino yakyuka okuva mu mbeera ey'ekyeya okudda mu mbeera ey'obunnyogovu. Kino kyawa omukisa okukulaakulanya obuwangwa nga obulimi n'okulunda mu mbeera ennungi.<ref name="EhretC182">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic baatandika okusengukira mu Kenya okuva mu Nile Valley ne Ethiopian Highlands nga bukyali nga mu 2000 BC. Abaasooka okutuuka baali Southern Nilotes (abajjajja b’Abakalenjin), nga baddirirwa amayengo g’Abanilotic ab’Ebuvanjuba n’ab’Ebugwanjuba.<ref>{{Citation|last=Shinnie|first=P. L.|chapter=The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia, c. 660 bc to c. ad 600|date=1979|title=The Cambridge History of Africa: Volume 2: From c.500 BC to AD 1050|volume=2|pages=210–271|editor-last=Fage|editor-first=J. D.|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-africa/nilotic-sudan-and-ethiopia-c-660-bc-to-c-ad-600/D5BD637ADF06F3E53E0C57C7FB526D2E|access-date=2026-02-05|series=The Cambridge History of Africa|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21592-3}}</ref><ref name="EhretCHS2">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseALR">Ambrose, S.H. (1982). "Archaeological and linguistic reconstructions of history in East Africa." In Ehert, C., and Posnansky, M. (eds.), ''The archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African history'', University of California Press, {{ISBN|0-520-04593-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseSG">Ambrose, S.H. (1986) ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' 7.2, 11.</ref> Leero, amawanga g'Abanilotic mu ggwanga mulimu Abakalenjin, Abasamburu, Abaluo, Abaturkana, Abamasaai n'abalala.<ref name="ILO">{{cite book |date=2000 |title=Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples: Emerging trends |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=_84Gg-o5BhYC|page=55}} |publisher=International Labour Organization |isbn=9789221122586}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka AD, abalimi aboogera Olubantu baali basenguse ne bayingira mu kitundu ekyo, mu kusooka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya.<ref name="EhretACA">Ehret, C. (1998) ''An African Classical Age : Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400.'', University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, pp. xvii, 354, {{ISBN|0-8139-2057-4}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera Olubantu baali bavudde mu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa okwetooloola Omugga Benue mu kifo ekiri kati mu Buvanjuba bwa Nigeria ne mu Bugwanjuba bwa Cameroon.<ref name="WayneSmith">Smith, C. Wayne (1995) ''Crop Production: Evolution, History, and Technology'', John Wiley & Sons, p. 132, {{ISBN|0-471-07972-3}}.</ref> Okusenguka kw'Abantu kwaleeta enkulaakulana empya mu byobulimi n'okukola ebyuma mu kitundu ekyo.[1] Leero, ebibinja by'Abantu mu ggwanga mwe muli Kikuyu, Luhya, Kamba, Kisii, Meru, Kuria, Aembu, Ambeere, Wadawida-Watuweta, Wapokomo, ne Mijikenda, n'ebirala bingi. Ebifo ebikulu eby'edda ennyo mu Kenya mulimu ekifo (ekiyinza okuba nga kyekuusa ku bya ssaayansi ne kubala emmunyeenye) Namoratunga ku luuyi lw'eBugwanjuba olw'Ennyanja Turkana ne kibuga Thimlich Ohinga mu Kaunti ya Migori. '''Ekiseera ky'obusuubuzi bwa Swahili.''' Olubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya lwali amaka g'abantu abaweesa ebyuma n'abalimi Ababantu abalima emmere ey'okulya awaka, abayizzi, n'abavubi abawangiranga eby'enfuna by'ekitundu nga bayita mu bulimi, obuvubi, okuweesa ebyuma, n'okusuubulagana n'amawanga ag'ebweru. Ebitundu bino bye byakola ebibuga ebyasooka mu kitundu kino, ebyali bimanyiddwa nga Azania.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Abantu Abaswayiri baali ba mawanga ag’enjawulo mu Afirika ne Asia (naddala Persia) nga ebyava mu ndagabutonde bwe byalaga.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brielle |first1=E.S. |last2=Fleisher |first2=J. |last3=Wynne-Jones |first3=S. |display-authors=etal |year=2023 |title=Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of mediaeval peoples of the Swahili coast |journal=Nature |volume=615 |issue=7954 |pages=866–873 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..866B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w |pmc=10060156 |pmid=36991187 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka CE, ebisinga obungi ku bibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo, gamba nga [[Mombasa]], [[Malindi]], ne [[Zanzibar]], byatandika okussaawo enkolagana ey'obusuubuzi n'Abawalabu. Kino kyaviirako enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna mu mawanga ga Swahili, okuleetawo Obusiraamu, engeri Abawalabu gye baakosaamu olulimi lwa Swahili, okusaasaanya ebyobuwangwa, awamu n'ebibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo okufuuka abantu abali mu kibiina ekinene eky'obusuubuzi.<ref>{{cite web |title=History and Origin of Swahili – Jifunze Kiswahili |url=http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621021817/http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=swahilihub.com}}</ref><ref name="Nanjira">{{cite book |last=Nanjira |first=Daniel Don |date=2010 |title=African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313379826 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153548/https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bannabyafaayo bangi baali bamaze ebbanga nga bakkiriza nti ebibuga byali bitandikiddwawo abasuubuzi Abawalabu oba Abaperusi, naye obujulizi bw'ebyafaayo buviiriddeko abayivu okutegeera ebibuga ng'ekintu ekyava mu ggwanga eryo era wadde nga lyakosebwa nnyo abasuubuzi olw'okusuubulagana, lyasigala nga lirina ebyobuwangwa by'Ababantu.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Spear, Thomas |year=2000 |title=Early Swahili History Reconsidered |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=257–290 |doi=10.2307/220649 |jstor=220649}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebisinga obukadde ebyawandiikibwa mu biseera ebyo. Okugeza, waliwo ekiwandiiko ekya ddewo mu Msikiti wa Pwani mu Lamu nga kirina ebiseera bya 1370 oba 1371 AD (772 AH).<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bino eby'edda nga tebannaba kufugibwa Bazungu byawandiikibwa mu lulimi Oluwalabu naye nga birimu ebigambo by'Oluswayiri, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kiwandiiko eky'omu 1462 AD (866 AH) eky'okuziika Mwana wa Bwana binti Mwidani ku Kizinga ky'e Mombasa.<ref name=":5" /> Obwakabaka bwa Kilwa Sultanate bwali bwakabaka obwaliwo mu biseera eby'edda nga businga kubeera mu Kilwa, mu Tanzania ow'omulembe guno. Obuyinza bwabwo bwe bwali businga obunene, obuyinza bwabwo bwali busukka mu buwanvu bwonna obw'olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, omwo nga mwe muli ne Kenya.<ref>شاكر مصطفى, ''موسوعة دوال العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث'', (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p. 1360</ref> Okutandika mu kyasa eky'ekkumi, abafuzi b'omu Kilwa baali bagenda kuzimba emizikiti egy'ebbeeyi era batandikewo n'ensimbi ez'ekikomo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nicolini |first=Beatrice |date=1 January 2004 |title=Makran, Oman, and Zanzibar: Three-Terminal Cultural Corridor in the Western Indian Ocean, 1799–1856 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004137806 |page=62 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180826/https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Oluswayiri, olulimi olw'abantu abava mu lubu lw'aba Bantu abalina ebigambo by'Olwalabu, Oluperusi, n'ebigambo ebirala eby'omu Buwalabu ow'omu Masekkati ne South Asia, oluvannyuma olwakulaakulanyizibwa ng'olulimi olwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi wakati w'abantu ab'enjawulo.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Okuva ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, Oluswayiri era lwakulaakulanya ebigambo bingi n'ebigambo ebirala ebiva mu Lungereza, bingi ku byo nga byava mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale g'Abangereza.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gower |first=R.H. |date=April 1952 |title=Swahili Borrowings from English |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |url-status=live |journal=Africa |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=154–157 |doi=10.2307/1156242 |jstor=1156242 |s2cid=146513246 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813062137/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> '''Abapotigo abasookawo''' Abaswayiri baazimba Mombasa ne bagifuula ekibuga eky'omwalo ekikulu ne batandikawo enkolagana y'ebyobusuubuzi n'ebibuga ebirala ebiri okumpi, wamu n'ebifo by'ebyobusuubuzi mu Persia, Arabia, ne India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Alsayyad, Nezar |date=30 March 2001 |title=Hybrid Urbanism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-96612-6 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180717/https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'etaano, omuvuzi w'eryato Omupotugo Duarte Barbosa yawandiika nti "Mombasa kifo kya bizinensi nnyingi era kirina omwalo omulungi ogubeeramu amaato amatono aga buli ngeri era n'amaato amanene, byombi ebiva e Sofala n'ebirala ebiva e Cambay ne Melinde n'ebirala ebisala okugenda ku kizinga Zanzibar." <ref>{{cite book |last=Ali, Shanti Sadiq |year=1996 |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=3CPc22nMqIC|page=24}} |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ekibuga ekikulu ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya ye Malindi. Kibadde kifo kikulu eky'Abaswayiri okuva mu kyasa 14, era ekibuga kino lumu kyavuganya ne Mombasa mu kufuga ekitundu kya African Great Lakes. Malindi okuviira ddala mu byafaayo ebadde ekibuga ekirimu omukwano eri amawanga ag'ebweru. Mu 1414, omusuubuzi era omunoonyereza Omuchina Zheng He, ng'akiikirira Obwakabaka bwa Ming, yalambula olubalama lw'ennyanja y'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika ku emu ku ŋŋendo ze ez'okunoonya eby'obugagga.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 January 2001 |title=PBS website |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/ancient-chinese-explorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008050639/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/ancient-chinese-explorers.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |publisher=[[PBS]]}}</ref> Malindi era y'ayaniriza omunoonyerezi Omupotugo Vasco da Gama mu 1498. Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omusanvu, olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili lwa wambibwa Abawalabu aba Omani, abaagaziya okusuubula abaddu okusobola okutuukiriza eby'etaago by'ennimiro mu Oman ne Zanzibar.<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies Slavery (sociology)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602182633/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|date=2 June 2015}}". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online.</ref> Mu kusooka, abasuubuzi bano baali basinga kuva Oman, naye oluvannyuma bangi baava Zanzibar (gamba nga Tippu Tip).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html Swahili Coast] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html|date=19 January 2018}}. ''National Geographic''.</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, Abapotigo baatandika okugula abaddu okuva mu basuubuzi Abawalabu aba Omani ne Zanzibar mu kwanukula okutaataaganyizibwa okwaleetebwa Abangereza abaali bawakanya okusuubula abaddu. '''Ekyaasa ekya 18 ne 19''' Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omunaana n'eky'ekkumin'omwenda, abantu Abamasai baasengukira mu bitundu bya Kenya eby'omu Masekkati n'eby'omu Bukiikaddyo bw'ekiwonvu, nga bava mu kitundu ekiri mu Bukiikakkono bw'Ennyanja Rudolf (kati Ennyanja Turkana). Wadde nga baali batono, baasobola okuwamba ettaka ddene mu bitundu ebyo, abantu gye batalwaana nnyo oba okuwalira. Abantu b'omu Nandi baasobola okuziyiza Abamasai, so ng'ate abantu b'omu Taveta baddukira mu bibira ebiri ku luuyi lw'eBuvanjuba olw'Olusozi Kilimanjaro, wadde nga oluvannyuma baawalirizibwa okuva ku ttaka olw'okutiisibwatiisibwa okuleetebwa obulwadde bwa kawumpuli. Okubalukawo kw'ekimu ku bino; eddwadde z'ebisolo (rinderpest) oba endwadde z'amawuggwe (pleuropneumonia) kwakosa nnyo ente z'Abamasai, so ng'ate ekirwadde kya kawumpuli kyakosa nnyo Abamasai b'ennyini. Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Masai Mbatian, omukulu laibon (omusawo w'ekinnansi), Abamasai baayawukana ne batandiika okulwanagana. Abamasai baaleetawo obukuubagano bungi mu bitundu bye baawambanga; wadde kyali kityo, waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.[1] Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ndeda |first=Mildred |year=2019 |title=Population movement, settlement and the construction of society to the east of Lake Victoria in precolonial times: the western Kenyan case |url=https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |url-status=live |journal=The East African Review |issue=52 |pages=83–108 |doi=10.4000/eastafrica.473 |s2cid=198396394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063130/https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja bino ebyaali byeyawudde nga basuubuligana naddala amasanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Beachey |first=R.W. |date=1967 |title=The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=269–290 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007052 |s2cid=162882930}}</ref> Abagwira abaasooka okuyita ku Masai be Johann Ludwig Krapf ne Johannes Rebmann, abaminsani Abagirimaani babiri abaateekawo omulimu mu Rabai, si kya wala nnyo okuva e Mombasa. Ababiri bano be abasooka okulaba Olusozi Kenya.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Johannes Rebmann|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063129/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Etwaale lya Bugirimaani (1885-1890)''' Obwakabaka bwa Bugirimaani bwassaawo obukuumi ku by'obugagga Sultan wa Zanzibar bye yali alina ku mwalo mu 1885, nga kino ky'agobererwa okutuuka kw'ekitongole Imperial British East Africa Company mu 1888. Okuvuganya kw'amatwale kwaziyizibwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa eya Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty, kale Bugirimaani n'ewaayo ebifo byayo eby'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja eri Bungereza mu 1890. '''Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890-1906)''' Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890–1906), era lumanyiddwa nga Olutalo lwa Kalenjin, kwe kwali okulwana okwasinga okumala ebbanga eddene mu okuzimba obufuzi bw'amatwale mu East Africa. Okumala emyaka nga 20, abantu ba Nandi ne Kipsigis—nga bakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei baalwanirira ettaka lyabwe mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba ebirimu ensozi mu Kenya's Rift Valley. Nga bakozesa olutalo olw'ekiyekera n'okusaanyaawo okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Uganda, baasobola okulemesa obukulembeze bw'Abangereza okumala emyaka egisukka mu abiri.<ref>{{Cite news|last=TOO|first=-TITUS|title=Koitalel Samoei: Nandi legend who fought colonialists|url=http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107012352/http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-date=2016-11-07|access-date=2026-02-05|work=Standard Digital News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=A. T. Matson |date=1972 |title=Nandi resistance to british rule 1890-1906 |url=http://archive.org/details/nandiresistancet0000atma |publisher=East african publishing house |others=Internet Archive}}</ref> Newankubadde waaliwo "okulumba okw'okubonereza abagyeemu," Abangereza baali tebasobola kutuuka ku buwanguzi obwa bulijjo mu by'amagye ku balwanyi Abakalenjin. Olutalo lw'akomekkerezebwa oluvannyuma lw'okuyita mu bbago lya Treachery nga 19 Ogwomwenda, 1905, nga Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen yasendasenda Samoei okugenda mu lukiiko olwali lugendereddwamu okuleetawo emirembe naye n'amutta. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, omulambo gwa Samoei gwatemwako omutwe era omutwe gwe gwatwalibwa e London ng'ekijjukizo ky'amatwale, nga kino kyali kikomo ku bulumbaganyi bw'amaggye obw'obukambwe obwakolebwa Abakalenjin era ne kisobozesa Abangereza okuteekawo obukulembeze mu kitundu ekyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CardBiz.ca |url=https://cardbiz.ca/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=cardbiz.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koitalel Arap Samoei: The Story of the Greatest Nandi Orkoiyot |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/koitalel-arap-samoei-the-story-of-the-greatest-nandi-orkoiyot/cwVx0MJXzdrAKA |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> '''British Kenya (1888-1962)''' Okuskyusibwa okuva e Bugirimaani okudda e Bungereza kwaddirirwa okuzimba egaali y'omuka eya Uganda Railway ng'eyita mu ggwanga.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> Okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka kwawakanyizibwa ebika by'abantu ebimu—nga bwe kiri ku Nandi, eyakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei okuva mu 1890 okutuuka mu 1900—naye Abangereza oluvannyuma baaluzimba. Aba Nandi be baali ekika ky'abantu ekyasooka okuteekebwa mu kkuumiro ly'abantu ab'obuwangwa okubalemesa okutaataaganya okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kiseera ky'okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka, waaliwo okuleeta abakozi Abayindi, abaawa omulimu omunene ogw'abakozi abakugu abaali beetaagibwa mu kuzimba.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005">[[R. Mugo Gatheru]] (2005) ''Kenya: From Colonization to Independence, 1888–1970'', McFarland, {{ISBN|0-7864-2199-1}}</ref> Bano n'abasinga obungi ku bazzukulu baabwe oluvannyuma baasigala mu Kenya era ne bafuuka omutima gw'ebitundu by'Abayindi eby'enjawulo, gamba ng'ekitundu ky'Abayindi Abasiraamu Abaismaili n'Abasikh. Wadde nga baazimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka okuyita mu Tsavo, abasinga obungi ku bakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abayindi n'abakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abafirika baalumbibwa empologoma bbiri ezaali zimanyiddwa nga empologoma ezaali zimanyiddwa nga Tsavo maneaters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ismaili muslim |url=http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103151208/http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |archive-date=3 January 2009 |access-date=16 April 2010 |publisher=Magicalkenya.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera eky'okubalukawo kw'olutalo lwa Ssematalo eyasooka mu Gwomunaana 1914, ba gavana b'amatwale ga Bungereza mu East Africa (nga bwe kyali kimanyiddwa mu kiseera ekyo) ne German East Africa mu kusooka bakkiriziganya okussaawo emirembe nga bagezaako okukuuma amatwale amatono obutayingira mu lutalo. Naye Lieutenant Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, omuduumizi w'amagye ga Bugirimaani, yasalawo okusiba nga bwe kisoboka eby'obugagga bya Bungereza. Nga yeeyawudde ddala ku Bugirimaani, Lettow-Vorbeck yakola kakuyege ow’amaanyi mu lutalo lw’abayeekera, nga beeyimirizaawo ku ttaka, nga bakwata eby'okulwanyisa bya Bungereza, era nebasigala nga tebawangulwanga. Oluvannyuma yawangangusibwa mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono (leero Zambia) oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 14 oluvannyuma lw’endagaano ey’okukomya olutalo okuteekebwako omukono mu 1918.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Okugoba von Lettow, Abangereza baasindika amagye ga British Indian Army okuva e Buyindi naye nga beetaaga abasituzi b'ebintu abangi okusobola okuvvuunuka obuzibu obw'amaanyi obw'okutambuza ebintu okutuuka ewala mu bitundu by'omunda nga bakozesa bigere. Ekitongole kya Carrier Corps kyatondebwawo era oluvannyuma kyasobola okukunga abantu abasukka mu 400,000 okuva mu Afirika, ekyaviirako okwongera okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Mu 1920, East Africa Protectorate yafuulibwa ettwale era n'eddamu okuyitibwa Kenya oluvannyuma lw'olusozi lwaayo olusingayo obuwanvu.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kitundu ekisooka eky'ekyasa ekya 20, ekitundu eky'omunda mu nsozi eziri wakati, kyali kibeeramu abalimi Abangereza n'abalimi abalala okuva mu Bulaaya, abaafuuka abagagga nga balima emmwanyi n'amajaani.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090211070504/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901759-3,00.html "We Want Our Country"]. ''Time''. 5 November 1965</ref> Ekifaananyi ekimu eky'ekiseera kino eky'enkyukakyuka okuva ku ndowooza y'omufuzi w'amatwale kisangibwa mu kitabo ekiyitibwa Out of Africa ekyawandiikibwa omuwandiisi Omudanish Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, ekyakubibwa mu 1937. Omwaka gwa 1930 we gwatuukira, abantu abeeru nga 30,000 baali babeera mu kitundu ekyo era baafuna eddoboozi ery'ebyobufuzi olw'obuyambi bwe baawa mu by'enfuna.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Ebitundu by'ensozi byali bifuuse maka eri abantu abasoba mu kakadde ab’ekika kya Kikuyu, ng’abasinga ku bo tebaalina ttaka mu ngeri y’Abazungu era baabeeranga mu kulunda okw’okutambula. Okusobola okukuuma ebyetaago byabwe, abasenze baawera okulima emmwanyi era ne batandikawo omusolo gw’amayumba, era abatalina ttaka baaweebwa ettaka ttono ddala nga basasulwa olw'emirimu gyabwe gye baali babakolera. Abantu bangi nnyo baasengukira mu bibuga olw’okuba obusobozi bwabwe obw’okweyimirizaawo nga bakozesa ettaka bwakendeera.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Omwaka gwa 1950 we gwatuukira, waaliwo abasenze abazungu 80,000 abaali babeera mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Firestone |first=Matthew |date=15 September 2010 |title=Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |publisher=Lonely Planet Publications |isbn=9781742203553 |page=28 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180737/https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Okuyita mu Ssematalo II, Kenya yali nsibuko nkulu ey'abaserikale abatwalibwa okulwana mu lutalo n'ebyobulimi eri Bungereza. Kenya y'ennyini ye yali ekifo eky'okulwaniramu wakati w'amaanyi ag'omukago n'eggye lya Italy mu 1940–41, amagye ga Italy bwe gaalumba. Wajir ne Malindi nabyo byakubwa bbomu. '''Okubalukawo kwa Mau Mau''' Okuva mu Gwekkumi 1952 okutuuka mu Gwekkumineebiri 1959, Kenya yali mu mbeera ey’akatyabaga nga kino ky'avaamu olutalo lw'obuyeekera olwa Mau Mau okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’Abangereza. Aba Mau Mau, era abamanyiddwa nga Kenya Land and Freedom Army, baali basinga kubeera Bantu ab’omu Kikuyu, Embu ne Meru. Mu kiseera ky'okunyigirizibwa kw'obufuzi bw'amatwale, abalwanyi abasukka mu 11,000 baali battiddwa, awamu n'abajaasi 100 Abangereza n'abajaasi 2,000 Abakenya abeesigwa. Emisango gy'entalo gyakolebwa ku njuyi zombi ez'olutalo, omuli okutta abantu mu lujjudde okwali mu Lari ne mu Hola. Gavana yasaba era n'afuna amagye ga Bungereza n'aga Afirika, omwo nga mwe muli King's African Rifles. Abangereza baatandika ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera. Mu Gwokutaano 1953, Genero Sir George Erskine yatwala obuvunaanyizibwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'amatwale, ng'awagirwa Winston Churchill.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993">Maloba, Wunyabari O. (1993) ''Mau Mau and Kenya: An Analysis of Peasant Revolt'', Indiana University Press, 0852557450.</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Waruhiu Itote (nom de guerre "General China") nga 15 Ogusookam1954 n’okubuuzibwa okwaddirira kyaviirako okutegeera obulungi enkola y’obukulembeze bwa Mau Mau eri Abangereza. Ekikwekweto Anvil kyaggulwawo nga 24 Ogwokuna 1954, oluvannyuma lw’okuteekateeka okumala wiiki eziwerako amagye nga galina olukusa okuva mu kakiiko akakwasaganya entalo aka War Council. Ekikwekweto kino kyateeka Nairobi mu kuzingizibwa kw'amagye. Abantu ababeera mu Nairobi baakeberwa, era abateeberezebwa okuba abawagizi ba Mau Mau baasengukira mu nkambi z’abasibe. Abantu abasukka mu 80,000 Abakikuyu baateekebwa mu nkambi z’abasibe nga tebawozeseddwa, era nga batera okutulugunyizibwa mu ngeri ey’obukambwe.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 August 2016|title=Uncovering the brutal truth about the British empire|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|url-status=live|access-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152655/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|archive-date=1 June 2019}}</ref>A bakuumi be baakola omulimu omukulu mu nkola ya gavumenti kubanga baali bakolebwa mu Bafirika abeesigwa, so si mu maggye g’abagwira nga British Army ne King's African Rifles.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mau Mau|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063630/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|url-status=live}}</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Dedan Kimathi nga 21 Ogwekkumi 1956 mu Nyeri kyategeeza okuwangulwa kw’ekibiina ky'abayeekera elya Mau Mau era kino kyakomya obulumbaganyi obwakolebwa amagye.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993" /> Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu gavumenti ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zakyusibwa. Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka za gavumenti ez'amaanyi ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zaaliwo. Ekisinga obukulu mu zino kye kyali enteekateeka ya Swynnerton, eyakozesebwa okusiima abo abaali abeesigwa era n'okubonereza abo abaali benyigidde mu buyeekera bw'ekibinja kya Mau Mau. Kino kyaleka nga kimu kya kusatu ku bantu Abakikuyu nga tebalina nteekateeka yonna ey'okubeera ku ttaka era nga tebalina kintu kyonna mu kiseera ky'ameefuga.<ref>{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=David |year=2005 |title=Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |isbn=0-393-05986-3 |location=London |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180724/https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> '''Abasomaliya ab'omu Kenya baakuba akalulu, 1962.''' Kenya nga tennafuna bwetwaze bwayo, abantu ab'eggwanga lya Somali mu Kenya eriwo kati mu bitundu bya Northern Frontier Districts baasaba Gavumenti ya Her Majesty obutabateeka mu Kenya. Gavumenti y'amatwale yasalawo okukola akalulu ka Kenya akasooka mu 1962 okukebera obumalirivu bw'Abasomali mu Kenya okwegatta ku Somalia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Castagno |first=A.A. |year=1964 |title=The Somali-Kenyan Controversy: Implications for the Future |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=165–188 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00003980 |jstor=158817 |s2cid=154443409}}</ref> Ebyava mu kikungo byalaga nti Abasomali 86% mu Kenya baali baagala okwegatta ku Somalia, kyokka obufuzi bwa Bungereza obw'amatwale bwagaana ebyava mu kikungo era Abasomali ne basigala mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=NORTHERN FRONTIER DISTRICT OF KENYA (Hansard, 3 April 1963) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015183914/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |archive-date=15 October 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya, 1962: Enumeration Forms in English |url=https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204114833/https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2019 |access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref> '''Nga bakafuna obwetwaze''' Okulonda okwasooka okw'abannansi ba Kenya mu Lukiiko lw'eggwanga kwaliwo mu 1957. Newankubadde ng'Abangereza baali basuubira okuwa obuyinza eri abo abatali bannalukalala, era kyali kibiina kya Kenya African National Union (KANU) ekya Jomo Kenyatta ekyakola gavumenti eyakulembera mu kiseera ekyo, Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Obwakabaka bwa Kenya n'Obukuumi bwa Kenya byakoma nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, nga bafunye obwetwaze ku Kenya yonna. Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Ssaabasajja wa Zanzibar (Sultan) yakkiriza nti mu kiseera kye kimu n'ameefuga g'eggwanga yandirekedde awo okuba n'obuyinza ku Protectorate of Kenya, Kenya yonna efuuke eggwanga limu eririna obwetwaze.<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762">"Commonwealth and Colonial Law" by [[Kenneth Roberts-Wray]], London, Stevens, 1966. p. 762</ref><ref>HC Deb 22 November 1963 vol 684 cc1329-400 wherein the UK Under-Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations and for the Colonies stated: "An agreement was then signed on the 8th October 1963, providing that on the date when Kenya became independent the territories comprising the Kenya Coastal Strip would become part of Kenya proper."</ref> Mu ngeri eno, Kenya yafuuka eggwanga ery'etongodde wansi w'etteeka lya Kenya Independence Act 1963 erya Bungereza. Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Kenya yafuuka repubuliki wansi w'erinnya "Republic of Kenya".<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762" /> Mu kiseera kye kimu, amagye ga Kenya gaalwana olutalo lwa Shifta nga balwanyisa abayeekera Abasomali ab'ekika ekimu abaali babeera mu Northern Frontier District abaali baagala okwegatta ku b'eŋŋanda zaabwe mu Somali Republic mu Bukiikakkono.<ref>Bruce Baker, ''Escape from Domination in Africa: Political Disengagement & Its Consequences'', (Africa World Press: 2003), p.83</ref> Oluvannyuma emirembe gyatuukibwako oluvannyuma lw'okussa omukono ku kiwandiiko kya Arusha Memorandum mu Gwomwenda 1967, naye obutali butebenkevu bwaliwo okutuuka mu 1969.<ref name="Hogg1986">{{cite journal |last=Hogg |first=Richard |year=1986 |title=The New Pastoralism: Poverty and Dependency in Northern Kenya |journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=319–333 |doi=10.2307/1160687 |jstor=1160687 |s2cid=146312775}}</ref><ref name="Howell1968">{{cite journal |last=Howell |first=John |date=May 1968 |title=An Analysis of Kenyan Foreign Policy |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=29–48 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00016657 |jstor=158675 |s2cid=154605094}}</ref> Okusobola okukendeeza ku bulumbaganyi obulala, Kenya yassa omukono ku ndagaano y’ebyokwerinda ne Ethiopia mu 1969, era ekyo kikyaliwo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–6, Documents on Africa, 1973–1976 - Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162911/https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=history.state.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kabukuru |first=Wanjohi |date=2015-02-26 |title=The Kenya-Ethiopia Defence Pact: Is Somalia a pawn? |url=https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162913/https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=New African Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref> '''Pulezidenti eyasooka''' Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Republic of Kenya yalangirirwa, era Jomo Kenyatta yafuuka pulezidenti wa Kenya eyasooka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Permanent Mission of the Republic of Kenya to the United Nations |year=2002 |title=Kenya at the United Nations |url=http://kenyaun.org/polhistory.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090608141216/http://kenyaun.org/polhistory.html |archive-date=8 June 2009 |access-date=15 February 2010 |publisher=Consulate General of Kenya in New York}}</ref> Wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta, obulyi bw'enguzi bwasaasaana mu gavumenti yonna, abakozi ba gavumenti, n'abasuubuzi. Kenyatta n'ab'omu maka ge baakwatagana n'obulyi bw'enguzi buno nga beeyongera okugaggawala nga bagula ebintu bingi oluvannyuma lwa 1963. Okugula ebintu mu Central, Rift Valley, ne mu bibuga by'okumyalo kyaleetawo obusungu bungi mu Bannakenya abatalina ttaka. Famire ye yakozesa ekifo kye nga Pulezidenti okwewala ebizibu eby'amateeka oba eby'obukulembeze mu kufuna ebintu. Famire ya Kenyatta era yateeka ssente nnyingi mu bizineesi z'ebifo ebisanyukirwamu ebiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja, nga Kenyatta kennyini yalinawo wooteeri eyitibwa Leonard Beach Hotel.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Boone |first=Catherine |date=April 2012 |title=Land Conflict and Distributive Politics in Kenya |url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/2152/19778/2/Boone_AfricanStudiesReview.pdf |journal=African Studies Review |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=75–103 |doi=10.1353/arw.2012.0010 |hdl=2152/19778 |issn=0002-0206 |s2cid=154334560 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bya Kenyatta eby'enjawulo byalagibwa ku mukolo ogw'okujjukira emyaka kkumi bukya Kenya efuna obwetwaze. Ekitundu ekyawandiikibwa mu The New York Times mu Gwekkumineebiri 1973 kyasiima obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta ne Kenya olw'okufuuka ekyokulabirako mu kukola ebintu mu ngeri ey'amagezi era ey'obuwangwa. GDP ya Kenya yali eyongedde ku sipiidi ya buli mwaka eya 6.6%, nga eri waggulu ku sipiidi y'abantu okweyongera eya waggulu ku bitundu 3%.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mohr|first=Charles|title=Kenya, 10 Years Independent, Emerges as a Model of Stability|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|url-status=live|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=16 December 1973|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127081501/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|archive-date=27 November 2020}}</ref> Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ku kitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ekitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekivuganya kyatandikibwawo Oginga Odinga—Kenya People's Union (KPU)—yawerebwa mu 1969 oluvannyuma lw'ekittabantu ekyali e Kisumu era abakulembeze ba KPU baali bakyasibiddwa nga tebawozeseddwa mu ngeri ey'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu.<ref name="sproul">{{cite news|date=16 January 1974|title=Letters to the Editor|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/16/archives/letters-to-the-editor-birth-rates-and-energy-use-the-questionable.html|url-status=live|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130233151/https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/16/archives/letters-to-the-editor-birth-rates-and-energy-use-the-questionable.html|archive-date=30 November 2020}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |date=January 1974 |title=Amnesty International Annual Report 1973–1974. Available from |url=https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL100011974ENGLISH.PDF |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121125801/https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL100011974ENGLISH.PDF |archive-date=21 January 2021 |access-date=19 November 2020}}</ref> Ekibiina ekitaba abayizi ekya Kenya Students Union, Abajulirwa ba Yakuwa n'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebivuganya byawerebwa.<ref name=":0" /> Kenyatta yakulembera Kenya okutuusa lwe yafa mu Gwomunaana 1978.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ndegwa |first=Stephen N. |date=1999 |title=Multi-Party Politics in Kenya: the Kenyatta and Moi States and the Triumph of the System in the 1992 Election (review) |journal=Africa Today |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=146–148 |doi=10.1353/at.1999.0008 |issn=1527-1978 |s2cid=145810474}}</ref> '''Omulembe gwa Moi''' Oluvannyuma lwa Kenyatta okufa, Daniel arap Moi yafuuka pulezidenti. Yasigaza obwa pulezidenti, y'esimbawonga tavuganyiziddwa mu kulonda okwaliwo mu 1979, 1983 (okulonda okw'amangu), ne 1988, byonna ebyaliwo byali wansi wa Ssemateeka w'ekibiina ekimu. Okulonda kwa 1983 kwaliwo omwaka gumu nga bukyali, era kwava butereevu ku kulemererwa kw'ekyewuunyo ky'amagye nga 2 Ogwomunaana 1982. Okuwamba gavumenti okwa 1982 kwategekebwa omujaasi w'omu bbanga ow'eddaala erya wansi, Senior Private Hezekiah Ochuka, era okuwamba okwo okusinga kwakolebwa abajaasi ab'eddaala erya wansi mu ggye ery'omu bbanga. Kyazikirizibwa mangu amagye agaali gakulirwa Chief of General Staff Mahamoud Mohamed, omukungu w'amagye nazilwanako w'e Somali.<ref>{{Cite book |year=1992 |title=Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3MctAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA12 |publisher=Nyamora Communications Limited |page=12 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506160202/https://books.google.com/books?id=3MctAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA12 |archive-date=6 May 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mwalimu ekitongole kya General Service Unit (GSU)—ekitongole ky'amagye ekya poliisi—n'oluvannyuma police y'abulijjo. Oluvannyuma lw'ekittabantu eky'e Garissa mu 1980, amagye ga Kenya g'enyigira mu kittabantu eky'e Wagalla mu 1984 ku bikumi n'ebikumi by'abantu ba bulijjo mu Ssaza lye Wajir. Okunoonyereza okw'obutongole ku bikolobero bino oluvannyuma kwaweebwa ekiragiro mu 2011.<ref>{{Cite news|date=11 February 2011|title=Wagalla massacre: Raila Odinga orders Kenya probe|publisher=BBC|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12463001|url-status=live|access-date=14 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622041516/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12463001|archive-date=22 June 2014}}</ref> Okulonda okwaliwo mu 1988 kwaleeta enkola ya ''mlolongo'' (okusimba ennyiriri) eyali egamba nti abalonzi baalina okusimba ennyiriri emabega w’abo be baali baagala okusinga okulonda mu kyama.<ref>Harden, Blaine (25 February 1988) [https://web.archive.org/web/20110215084715/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1241691.html Many Voters Stay Home as Kenya Drops Secret Ballot in Parliamentary Election], ''[[The Washington Post]]''.</ref> Kino kyatwalibwa ng'entikko y'obufuzi obutali bwa dimokulasiya era kyaviirako okwekalakaasa okw'amaanyi olw'okukyusa mu ssemateeka. Ebikwatagana ebitali bimu, omuli n'ekyo ekyali kikkiriza ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka, byakyusibwa mu myaka egyaddirira.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Handbook on Religious Liberty Around the World |publisher=The Rutherford Institute |editor-last=Moreno, Pedro C. |location=Charlottesville, VA |chapter=Kenya |chapter-url=http://religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu/rihand/Kenya.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100629014936/http://religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu/rihand/Kenya.html |archive-date=29 June 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> '''Okukyusa okudda mu demokulasiya ow'ebibiina by'obufuzi ebingi.''' Mu 1991, Kenya yakyusa okudda ku nkola y’ebyobufuzi ey’ebibiina ebingi oluvannyuma lw’emyaka 26 egy’obukulembeze bw’ekibiina ekimu. Nga 28 Ogwekkumi 1992, Moi yasattulula Paalamenti, emyezi etaano nga kisanja kye tekinnagwaako. N’ekyavaamu, enteekateeka z’okulonda ebifo byonna mu Paalamenti awamu ne pulezidenti zaatandika. Okulonda kwali kutegekeddwa okubaawo nga 7 Ogwekkumineebiri 1992, naye okulwawo kwaleetera okwongezebwayo okutuuka nga 29 Ogwekkumineebiri. Ng’oggyeko KANU, ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza, ebibiina ebirala ebyali bikiikiriddwa mu kulonda mwalimu FORD Kenya ne FORD Asili. Okulonda kuno kwali kwetobeseemu enkola y'okutiisatiisa abo abaali babavuganya n'okutulugunya abakungu b'eby'okulonda. Kino kyaleetawo ekizibu ky'ebyenfuna ekyaleetebwa obutabanguko obw'omu mawanga nga pulezidenti avunaanibwa okubba ebyava mu kulonda asobole okusigaza obuyinza.<ref name="Keith">{{Cite book |last=Keith. |first=Kyle |date=1999 |title=Politics of the independence of Kenya |publisher=Macmillan |isbn=978-0333720080 |oclc=795968156}}</ref><ref name="Goldsworthy">{{Cite journal |last=Goldsworthy |first=David |date=March 1982 |title=Ethnicity and Leadership in Africa: the 'Untypical' Case of Tom Mboya |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=107–126 |doi=10.1017/s0022278x00000082 |issn=0022-278X |s2cid=154841201}}</ref><ref name="ParliamentKe">{{Cite web |title=KENYA: parliamentary elections National Assembly, 1992 |url=http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2167_92.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817091746/http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2167_92.htm |archive-date=17 August 2018 |access-date=29 January 2019 |website=archive.ipu.org}}</ref> Okulonda kuno kwali kwa njawulo eri Kenya kubanga kwali kutandika kw'okukomekkereza obukulembeze bwa Moi n'obufuzi bwa KANU. Moi yasigala nga pulezidenti era George Saitoti n'afuuka omummyuka wa pulezidenti. Wadde nga yasigala mu buyinza, KANU yawangula ebifo 100 era n'efiirwa ebifo 88 eri ebibiina mukaaga eby'oludda oluvuganya gavumenti.<ref name="Keith" /><ref name="ParliamentKe" /> Okulonda kwa 1992 kwateekawo entandikwa y'ebyobufuzi eby'ebibiina ebingi oluvannyuma lw'emyaka egisukka mu 25 egy'obufuzi bwa KANU.<ref name="Keith" /> Oluvannyuma lw'obukuubagano obwaddirira oluvannyuma lw'okulonda, abantu 5,000 battibwa ate abalala 75,000 ne basengulwa okuva mu maka gaabwe.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2007 |title=Clashes, elections and land – church keeps watch in Molo |url=http://www.irinnews.org/report/73319/kenya-clashes-elections-and-land-church-keeps-watch-molo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171217115300/http://www.irinnews.org/report/73319/kenya-clashes-elections-and-land-church-keeps-watch-molo |archive-date=17 December 2017 |access-date=29 January 2019 |website=IRIN}}</ref> Mu myaka etaano egyaddirira, ebibiina by'obufuzi bingi byatandikibwawo nga beetegekera okulonda okuddako. Mu myaka etaano egyaddako, enkolagana nnyingi ez'ebyobufuzi zaatondebwawo nga beetegekera okulonda okali kuddako. Mu 1994, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga yafa era ebibiina bingi byegatta ku kibiina kye ekya FORD Kenya okutondawo ekibiina ekipya, United National Democratic Alliance. Ekibiina kino kyalimu obutakkanya bungi. Mu 1995, Richard Leakey yatondawo ekibiina kya Safina, naye kyagaanibwa okuwandiisibwa okutuusa mu Gwekkuminogumu 1997.<ref name="BBCKenyaHist">{{Cite news|date=31 January 2018|title=Kenya profile|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13682176|url-status=live|access-date=29 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130010047/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13682176|archive-date=30 January 2019}}</ref> Mu 1996, KANU yaddamu okwekenneenya Ssemateeka okukkiriza Moi okusigala nga Pulezidenti mu kisanja ekirala. Oluvannyuma, Moi yeesimbawo ku kisanja ekirala era yawangula ekisanja eky'okutaano mu 1997.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kenya History Timeline – historic overview of Kenya, Africa |url=https://crawfurd.dk/africa/kenya_timeline.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223160656/https://crawfurd.dk/africa/kenya_timeline.htm |archive-date=23 December 2018 |access-date=29 January 2019 |website=Crawfurd Homepage}}</ref> Obuwanguzi bwe bwavumirirwa nnyo abo abaali bamuvuganya ennyo, Kibaki ne Odinga, nga bagamba nti obuwanguzi bwe bwali bwa bulimba.<ref name="BBCKenyaHist" /><ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite journal |last=Anderson |first=David M. |year=2003 |title=Kenya's Elections 2002 – The Dawning of a New Era? |journal=African Affairs |volume=102 |issue=407 |pages=331–342 |doi=10.1093/afraf/adg007}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okuwangula okwo, Moi yagaanibwa mu Ssemateeka okuddamu okwesimbawo ku bwa Pulezidenti. Okutandika mu 1998, yagezaako okukyusa enkola y'ebyobufuzi n'okuwanyisa obuyinza mu ggwanga okusobozesa Uhuru Kenyatta okulondebwa mu kulonda kwa 2002.<ref>{{Cite web |last=AfricaNews |date=25 October 2017 |title=A look at Kenya's elections history since independence in 1964 |url=http://www.africanews.com/2017/10/25/a-look-at-kenya-s-elections-history-since-independence-in-1964/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130000204/http://www.africanews.com/2017/10/25/a-look-at-kenya-s-elections-history-since-independence-in-1964/ |archive-date=30 January 2019 |access-date=29 January 2019 |website=Africanews}}</ref> === Pulezidenti Kibaki n'olugenda lwa Ssemateeka omugya === Enteekateeka ya Moi ey'okudda mu bigere bya Uhuru Kenyatta yalemererwa, era Mwai Kibaki, eyali avuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti mu kibiina "National Rainbow Coalition" (NARC), yalondebwa nga Pulezidenti. David Anderson (2003) alipoota nti okulonda kwatwalibwa okuba okw’amazima n’obwenkanya okusinziira ku balabi ab’omu kitundu ne mu nsi yonna, era ne kirabika ng’ekyakyusa ennyo mu nkulaakulana ya demokulasiya mu Kenya.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Mu 2005, Bannakenya baagaana enteekateeka ey'okukyusa Ssemateeka w'obwetwaze owa 1963 n'endala empya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Of Oranges and Bananas: The 2005 Kenya Referendum on the Constitution |url=http://www.cmi.no/publications/2368-of-oranges-and-bananas |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160512022757/http://www.cmi.no/publications/2368-of-oranges-and-bananas |archive-date=12 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016 |website=CMI – Chr. Michelsen Institute}}</ref> N'ekyavaamu, okulonda kwa 2007 kwaliwo nga bagoberera enkola eyali eteekeddwawo mu Ssemateeka eyaliwo. Kibaki yaddamu okulondebwa mu kulonda okwali okw'amaanyi nga kujjudde obutabanguko bwe by'onufuzi n'ebibinja by'embu z'abantu mu Kenya. Omukulembeze w'oludda oluvuganya gavumenti asinga obukulu, Raila Odinga, yagamba nti okulonda kwalimu emivuyo n'okubba era nti ye yali Pulezidenti eyalondebwa mu butuufu. Mu butabanguko obwaddirira, abantu 1,500 battibwa ate abalala 600,000 ne basengulwa mu Kenya, kino ne kifuuka obutabanguko obwasinga obubi mu Kenya oluvannyuma lw'okulonda. Okusobola okukomya okufa n'okusengulwa kw'abantu, Kibaki ne Odinga bakkiriziganya okukolera awamu, ng'oluvannyuma Odinga yakkiriza okubeera nga ye Ssabaminisita.<ref>{{Cite news|date=12 April 2008|title=Deal to end Kenyan crisis agreed|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7344816.stm|url-status=live|access-date=29 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080415174110/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7344816.stm|archive-date=15 April 2008}}</ref> Kino kyafuula Odinga Ssabaminisita wa Kenya ow'okubiri. Mu Gwoluberyeberye 2010, Kenya yakolagana n'amawanga amalala ag'omu Buvanjuba bwa Africa okukola akatale akapya aka East African Common Market mu East African Community.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1 July 2010|title=FACTBOX-East African common market begins|work=Reuters|url=https://af.reuters.com/article/kenyaNews/idAFLDE65T2AJ20100701|url-status=dead|access-date=29 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100708233236/http://af.reuters.com/article/kenyaNews/idAFLDE65T2AJ20100701|archive-date=8 July 2010}}</ref> Mu 2011, Kenya yatandika okusindika amagye mu Somalia okulwanyisa ekibinja ky'abatujju ekya Al-Shabaab.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 March 2012 |title=The Standard {{!}} Online Edition :: Somalia government supports Kenyan forces' mission |url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/agriculture/InsidePage.php?id=2000045933&cid=4& |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314153558/http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/agriculture/InsidePage.php?id=2000045933&cid=4& |archive-date=14 March 2012 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Mu makkati ga 2011, sizoni z'enkuba ebbiri ezaali zitalabise z'aviirako ekyeya ekyasingayo obubi mu East Africa mu myaka 60. Ekitundu ky’omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bwa Turkana kyakosebwa nnyo,<ref name="RedCross">{{Cite web |last=Koech, Dennis |date=25 July 2011 |title=Red Cross warns of catastrophe in Turkana |url=http://www.kbc.co.ke/news.asp?nid=71528 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104173650/http://www.kbc.co.ke/news.asp?nid=71528 |archive-date=4 January 2012 |access-date=7 August 2011 |publisher=Kbc.co.ke}}</ref> ng’amasomero g’omu kitundu gaggalwawo olw’ensonga eyo.<ref name="Kscafthit">{{Cite web |date=28 July 2011 |title=Kenya: schools close as famine takes hold in Turkana |url=http://www.indcatholicnews.com/news.php?viewStory=18686 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111019172150/http://www.indcatholicnews.com/news.php?viewStory=18686 |archive-date=19 October 2011 |access-date=7 August 2011 |publisher=Indcatholicnews.com}}</ref> Kyategeezeddwa nti ekizibu kyaggwaawo ku ntandikwa ya 2012 olw’okukolera awamu mu kugaba obuyambi. Ebitongole ebikola ku by’obuyambi oluvannyuma byakyusa essira ne balissa ku kuyamba abantu okuddamu okuzimba obulamu bwabwe, omuli okusima emikutu egitambuza amazzi n’okugaba ensigo z’ebimera.<ref name="Unsfisiobrr">Gettleman, Jeffrey (3 February 2012) [https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/04/world/africa/un-says-famine-in-somalia-is-over-but-risks-remain.html U.N. Says Famine in Somalia Is Over, but Risks Remain] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107082519/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/04/world/africa/un-says-famine-in-somalia-is-over-but-risks-remain.html|date=7 November 2016}}. ''The New York Times''.</ref> Mu Gwomunaana 2010, Bannakenya baakuba akalulu era ne bayisa Ssemateeka omupya, eyakendeeza ku buyinza bwa Pulezidenti era n'egabanyaamu gavumenti eya wakati.<ref name="BBCKenyaHist" /> Oluvannyuma lw'okuyisa Ssemateeka omupya, Kenya yafuuka republic, nga Pulezidenti wa Kenya ye mukulembeze w'eggwanga era omutwe gwa gavumenti, era nga y'akulira enkola y'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi. Ssemateeka omupya era alaga nti obuyinza obw’okuddukanya eggwanga bukozesebwa ekitongole ekiddukanya eggwanga, ekikulemberwa pulezidenti, atuula ku ntebe ya kabineeti erimu abantu abalondeddwa okuva ebweru wa Paalamenti. Obuyinza obw’okukola amateeka buweebwa Paalamenti yokka. Ekitongole ekiramuzi kya ddembe okuva ku kitongole ekiddukanya eggwanga ne Paalamenti. === '''Obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta ne Ruto''' === [[File:Uhuru Kenyatta.jpg|thumb|Uhuru Kenyatta]] Mu 2013, Kenya yategeka okulonda kwayo okwasooka okubaawo wansi wa Ssemateeka wa 2010. Uhuru Kenyatta yawangula, wadde ng'ebyava mu kulonda byawakanyizibwa mu kkooti ensukkulumu eya Kenya, ng'omukulembeze w'oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, Raila Odinga, ye yali akulembeddemu okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Supreme Court upholds Uhuru's election as president |url=https://www.nation.co.ke/news/politics/1064-1734782-jlg2e7/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130055614/https://www.nation.co.ke/news/politics/1064-1734782-jlg2e7/index.html |archive-date=30 January 2019 |access-date=29 January 2019 |website=Daily Nation}}</ref> Uhuru Kenyatta yaddamu okulondebwa mu 2017 mu kulonda okulala okwali kubuusibwabuusibwa. Odinga yavunaana ekitongole kya Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission olw'okuddukanya obubi okulonda ne Kenyatta ne kibiina kye olw'okubba obululu. Kkooti ensukkulumu yasazaamu ebyava mu kulonda mu nsala ey'amaanyi eyassaawo ekifo kyayo ng'omuntu eyeetengeredde okukebera pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Burke|first=Jason|date=25 October 2017|title=Kenya election rerun to go ahead after court fails to rule on delay|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/25/kenya-presidential-election-rerun-to-go-ahead-supreme-court|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128001939/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/25/kenya-presidential-election-rerun-to-go-ahead-supreme-court|archive-date=28 January 2019|access-date=29 January 2019|work=The Guardian|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2017 |title=Kenya court decision demonstrates respect for rule of law {{!}} IDLO |url=https://www.idlo.int/kenya-court-decision-demonstrates-respect-rule-of-law |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130110210/https://www.idlo.int/kenya-court-decision-demonstrates-respect-rule-of-law |archive-date=30 January 2019 |access-date=29 January 2019 |website=idlo.int}}</ref> Mu kulonda okwaddibwamu, Kenyatta yawangula oluvannyuma lwa Odinga okugaana okwetaba mu kulonda, ng'agamba nti waaliwo obutali butuukirivu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Standard |title=President Uhuru Kenyatta declared winner of repeat presidential election |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001258851/uhuru-kenyatta-wins-repeat-election-with-7-4-million-votes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130000122/https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001258851/uhuru-kenyatta-wins-repeat-election-with-7-4-million-votes |archive-date=30 January 2019 |access-date=29 January 2019 |website=The Standard}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Moore|first=Jina|date=30 October 2017|title=President Uhuru Kenyatta declared winner of repeat presidential election|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/30/world/africa/kenya-election-kenyatta-odinga.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725033311/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/30/world/africa/kenya-election-kenyatta-odinga.html|archive-date=25 July 2018|access-date=29 January 2019|work=The New York Times}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2018, okukwatagana mu ngalo wakati wa Kenyatta ne Odinga kyategeeza ekiseera eky’okutabagana nga kino kyaddirirwa okweyongera mu by'enfuna n’obutebenkevu obweyongera.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wilson |first=Tom |date=1 November 2019 |title=Handshake ends crisis and leads to signs of progress in Kenya |url=https://www.ft.com/content/59339450-d555-11e9-8d46-8def889b4137 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514095330/https://www.ft.com/content/59339450-d555-11e9-8d46-8def889b4137 |archive-date=14 May 2021 |access-date=27 June 2021 |website=Financial Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2018-05-31 |title=The Handshake that Shaped a Nation |url=https://kenyaconnection.org/the-handshake-that-shaped-a-nation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423095259/https://kenyaconnection.org/the-handshake-that-shaped-a-nation/ |archive-date=23 April 2021 |access-date=21 June 2021 |website=Kenya Connection |language=en-US}}</ref> Wakati wa 2019 ne 2021, ababiri bano baagatta amaanyi okutumbula enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu Ssemateeka wa Kenya, ezaayitibwa "Building Bridges Initiative" (BBI). Baagamba nti kaweefube waabwe yali wa kutumbula nkwatagana n’okuvvuunuka enkola y’okulonda mu Kenya eyateranga okuvaamu obutabanguko oluvannyuma lw’okulonda.<ref name="bbi_blocked_2021_05_14_bbc">Omondi, Ferdinand: [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-57094387 "Kenya's BBI blocked in scathing court verdict for President Kenyatta"], {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514132005/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-57094387|date=14 May 2021}} 14 May 2021, [[BBC News]] (Africa), retrieved 14 May 2021</ref><ref name="kenyan_court_2021_05_13_reuters">Miriri, Duncan: [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kenya-politics-idAFKBN2CU24L "Kenyan court slams brakes on president's constitutional changes"], {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514144827/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kenya-politics-idAFKBN2CU24L|date=14 May 2021}} 13 May 2021, [[Reuters News Service]], retrieved 14 May 2021</ref> Ekirowoozo kya BBI kyali kyetaagisa okugaziya ennyo ekitongole ekikola amateeka n'ekitongole ekikola ku nsonga ez'enjawulo, nga mw'otwalidde n'okutondawo ssaabaminisita ng'alina abamyuka babiri n'omukulembeze ow'enkalakkalira ow'oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, nga kino kikomyawo enkola ey'okulonda ba minisita okuva mu bammemba ba Paalamenti abalonde. Okutondawo Konsityuwensi empya 70, n'okwongerako abantu 300 abatalondebwa mu Paalamenti (wansi w'enteekateeka eyitibwa "affirmative action" plan).<ref name="bbi_blocked_2021_05_14_bbc" /><ref name="kenyan_court_2021_05_13_reuters" /> [[File:President Ruto Potrait 2022.jpg|thumb|William Ruto]] Abavumirira baalaba kino ng'okugezaako okuwa ebirabo amaka g'ebyobufuzi era n'okukendeeza ku kufuba kw'omummyuka wa Pulezidenti William Ruto okunoonya obwa pulezidenti, n'okugaziya gavumenti ku bbeeyi eya waggulu eri eggwanga eririmu amabanja amangi. Mu nkomerero, mu Gwokutaano 2021, Kkooti Enkulu eya Kenya yasalawo nti BBI kyali kikontana n'etteeka, kubanga kyali kigendererwa kya gavumenti okusinga okuba ekyetaago ky'abantu. Kkooti yavumirira Kenyatta, n'eraga ensonga lwaki yali asobola okuwawaabirwa oba n'okuggyibwa mu woofiisi. Okusalawo kuno kwatwalibwa ng'okufiirwa okw'amaanyi eri Kenyatta ne Odinga, naye nga kyongera ku mikisa gya Odinga mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti okw'omu maaso, Ruto. Mu Gwomunaana 2021, Kkooti ya Kenya ejulirwamu yakkiriza ensala ya Kkooti Enkulu mu kujulira okuva mu BBI Secretariat.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 August 2021 |title=Kenyan court rejects disputed bid to change constitution |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/20/kenyan-court-rejects-disputed-bid-to-change-constitution |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210826074033/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/20/kenyan-court-rejects-disputed-bid-to-change-constitution |archive-date=26 August 2021 |access-date=27 August 2021 |website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> Ruto yawangula akalulu k'obwa pulezidenti aka 2022, ng'awangudde Odinga okufuuka pulezidenti wa Kenya ow'okutaano..<ref>{{cite news|date=15 August 2022|title=Kenya election result: William Ruto wins presidential poll|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-62554210|access-date=19 August 2022|archive-date=15 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815164106/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-62554210|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Obulutsa|first1=George|last2=Mersie|first2=Ayenat|date=13 September 2022|title=William Ruto sworn in as Kenya's fifth president|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/william-ruto-be-sworn-kenyas-president-2022-09-13/|access-date=13 September 2022|archive-date=5 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005113113/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/william-ruto-be-sworn-kenyas-president-2022-09-13/|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu 2024, Ruto ne Kenya Kwanza coalition baayolekaganye n'okwekalakaasa okw'amaanyi olw'etteeka lya Kenya Finance Bill 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 June 2024 |title=Protests in Nairobi over Kenya government's tax hikes &#124; BBC News |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y1Scqw5epho |via=YouTube}}</ref> == Obutonde bwayo == Ku 580,367 km2 (224,081 sq mi),<ref name="cia">{{Cite web |last=Central Intelligence Agency |author-link=Central Intelligence Agency |year=2012 |title=Kenya |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kenya/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124224025/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kenya/ |archive-date=24 January 2021 |access-date=28 May 2013 |website=[[The World Factbook]]}}</ref> Kenya ekwata ekifo kya 47 mu nsi ezisinga obunene mu nsi yonna (oluvannyuma lwa Madagascar). Esangibwa wakati wa latitudi 5°N ne 5°S, ne longitudi 34° ne 42°E. Okuva ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Indian Ocean, olusenyi olwansi lulinnya okutuuka ku nsozi ez'omu masekkati agayawulwamu ekiwonvu ekinene, era waliwo ebitundu ebirimu ettaka eggimu ku njuyi zombi, okwetooloola [[Ennyanja Nalubaale|Ennyanja Nnalubaale]] n'Ebuvanjuba.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Murayama |first1=Yuji |date=2017-03-29 |title=Urban Development in Asia and Africa: Geospatial Analysis of Metropolises |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C_6ODgAAQBAJ&dq=Kenya+fertile+plateau+east&pg=PA296 |last2=Kamusoko |first2=Courage |last3=Yamashita |first3=Akio |last4=Estoque |first4=Ronald C. |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-981-10-3241-7 |access-date=27 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506160203/https://books.google.com/books?id=C_6ODgAAQBAJ&dq=Kenya+fertile+plateau+east&pg=PA296 |archive-date=6 May 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Stokes |first=Jamie |date=2009 |title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=stl97FdyRswC&dq=Kenya+fertile+plateau+east&pg=PA364 |publisher=Infobase Publishing |isbn=978-1-4381-2676-0 |access-date=27 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153550/https://books.google.com/books?id=stl97FdyRswC&dq=Kenya+fertile+plateau+east&pg=PA364 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ebitundu bya Kenya eby'Ensozi bye bimu ku bitundu ebisinga okufulumya eby'obulimi mu Afirika.<ref name=":02">{{cite book |author=CIA |year=2010 |title=The World Factbook |publisher=Potomac Books, Inc. |isbn=978-1-59797-541-4 |page=336}}</ref> Ensozi ze zisangibwa ekifo ekisinga obuwanvu mu Kenya n'olusozi olw'okubiri olusinga obuwanvu ku ssemazinga: Olusozi Kenya, olutuuka ku buwanvu bwa m 5,199 (futi 17,057) era nga we wali omuzira. Olusozi Kilimanjaro (m 5,895 oba futi 19,341) lusobola okulabibwa okuva e Kenya okutuuka mu Bukiikaddyo bw'ensalo ya Tanzania. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde mu Kenya ekyukakyuka okuva ku kitundu ekirimu ebbugumu eringi okumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja, okudda ku kitundu ekirimu ebbugumu eringi mu masekkati g'eggwanga, okudda ku kitundu ekirimu ekyeya mu Bukiikakkono n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'eggwanga. Ekitundu kino kifuna omusana mungi buli mwezi. Emirundi egisinga obudde buba bwa bunnyogovu ekiro ate ku makya nga bukyali bwa bunnyogovu mu masekkati g'eggwanga, ate mu bukiikakkono n'obukiikakkono bw'obuvanjuba bw'eggwanga, obudde buba bwa bbugumu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kenya – Pride Nature Safaris |url=https://pridenaturesafaris.com/our-destinations/kenya/ |access-date=2026-04-09 |website=pridenaturesafaris.com}}</ref> "Enkuba ey'ekiseera ekiwanvu" etuuka okuva mu Gwokusatu/Gwokuna okutuuka mu Gwokutaano/Gwomukaaga. Sizoni "y'enkuba entono" etuuka okuva mu Gwekkumi okutuuka mu Gwekkuminogumu/Gwekkumineebiri. Enkuba oluusi eba nnyingi era etera okutonnya mu ttuntu n'olw'eggulo. Enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ekyusa enkola y'obutonde ey'ekiseera ky'enkuba, ekireeta enkuba okutonnya entono – ekivuddeko amataba –<ref>{{cite book |last=Salih |first=Mohamed |year=2012 |title=Local Climate Change and Society |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9780415627153 |page=119}}</ref> n'okukendeeza ku kyeya okuva ku buli myaka kkumi okudda ku buli mwaka, ekivirako ekyeya eky'amaanyi nga ekyeya ekyabalukwo mu Kenya ekya 2008–09.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Peck |first1=Dannele E. |year=2015 |title=Climate Variability and Water Dependent Sectors: Impacts and Potential Adaptations |last2=Peterson |first2=Jeffrey M. |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-61427-2}}</ref> Ebbugumu lisigala nga lya waggulu mu myezi gino egy'enkuba mu kitundu ky'ekibira. Ekiseera ekisinga okuba eky'ebbugumu kibaawo mu Gwokubiri n'Ogwokusatu, nga kino kye kiseera ky'enkuba ennyingi, ate ekiseera ekisinga okuba eky'obunnyogovu kibaawo mu Gwomusanvu, okutuusa mu makkati go Gwomunaana.<ref name=":3">{{cite web |title=Kenya climate: average weather, temperature, precipitation, best time |url=https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802230142/https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/kenya |archive-date=2 August 2020 |access-date=2020-01-15 |website=climatestotravel.com}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsiko''' Kenya erina ettaka ddene eriweereddwayo okubeeramu ebifo ebibeeramu ebisolo by'omu nsiko, omuli n'ekkuumiro ly'ebisolo erya Tsavo ne Masai Mara, awabeera blue wildebeest n'ebika by'ebisolo ebirala ebibeera mu nsiko ebibeera mu kibinja ekinene buli mwaka. Wildebeest ezisukka mu kakadde kamu n'entugga 200,000 ze zibeera mu kibinja kino nga ziyita ku mugga Mara..<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 January 2012 |title=Wildebeest Migration |url=https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/wildebeest-migration/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160612175545/http://nationalgeographic.org/media/wildebeest-migration/ |archive-date=12 June 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016 |website=National Geographic Society}}</ref> Ensolo za Africa eziyitibwa "Ensolo ennene ettaano" mwe muli empologoma, engo, embogo, envubu, n'ejjovu, zisangibwa mu Kenya era naddala mu Masai Mara. Omuwendo omunene ogw'ensolo endala ez'omu nsiko, ebyewalula, n'ebinyonyi bisangibwa mu mbuga z'eggwanga ne mu bifo ebirala ebikuumibwamu ebisolo mu ggwanga. Okusenguka kw'ebisolo okwa buli omwaka kubaawo wakati w'Ogwomukaaga n'Ogwomwenda nga bukadde na bukadde bw'ebisolo bwe busenguka, ne kisikiriza eby'obulambuzi eby'omuwendo okuva ebweru w'eggwanga. Obukadde bubiri bw'ebisolo ebiyitibwa wildebeest biddukira olugendo lwa kiromita 2,900 (1,802 mi) okuva mu Serengeti mu Tanzania eriraanyeewo okudda mu Masai Mara<ref>{{cite web |last=Bashir |first=Hanif |date=27 May 2015 |title=Masai Mara Safari – The Migration &#124; Tour Packages |url=https://www.kenyatraveltips.com/masai-mara-safari/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302014643/https://www.kenyatraveltips.com/masai-mara-safari/ |archive-date=2 March 2021 |access-date=3 March 2021 |work=Kenya Travel Tips}}</ref> mu Kenya, nga buli kiseera bigenda mu maaso nga bwe bikyuka, nga binoonya emmere n'amazzi. Okusenguka kw'ebisolo ebiyitibwa wildebeest mu Serengeti byawandiikibwa mu by'ewuunyo omusanvu eby'obutonde mu Afirika.<ref>{{cite news|last=Pflanz|first=Mike|date=2010-06-13|title=New road threatens Africa's 'wonder of the world' wildebeest migration|language=en-GB|work=The Daily Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/tanzania/7824876/New-road-threatens-Africas-wonder-of-the-world-wildebeest-migration.html|url-status=live|access-date=2020-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115133738/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/tanzania/7824876/New-road-threatens-Africas-wonder-of-the-world-wildebeest-migration.html|archive-date=15 January 2020|issn=0307-1235}}</ref> '''Okukuuma obutonde''' Kenya yalina omuwendo gwa 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ogwa 4.2/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 133 mu nsi yonna ku nsi 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{Cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> Conservation International ekola mu Kenya okuyita mu Conservation International Kenya, pulogulaamu y'eggwanga eyatandikibwawo mu 2014 eraga alipoota ku mirimu egikolebwa ku yiika obukadde 4.9, omuli okukuuma ebibira n'ebifo ebisolo we birundira n'okubizzaawo, eby'obulambuzi, n'ebikolebwa okukendeeza ku mbeera y'obudde nga REDD+.<ref name="CIKenyaPlaces">{{cite web |title=Kenya |url=https://www.conservation.org/places/kenya |website=Conservation International}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'eby'obufuzi == [[File:President Ruto Potrait 2022.jpg|thumb|William Ruto Pulezidenti]] [[File:Kithure Kindiki.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti]] Kenya nsi eya demokulasiya era erina enkola y'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi. Pulezidenti ye mukulembeze w'eggwanga era ye mukulembeze wa gavumenti. Obuyinza obukola ku nsonga ez'enjawulo bukolebwa gavumenti. Obuyinza obukola ku mateeka buweebwa gavumenti, Paalamenti y'eggwanga n'Olukiiko lw'eggwanga. Ekitongole ekiramuzi ky'etongola okuva ku kakiiko akakulembeze ne Paalamenti. Wabaddewo okweraliikirira okweyongera, naddala mu kiseera ky'obukulembeze bwa pulezidenti eyaliko Daniel arap Moi, nti ekikola ku nsonga z'eggwanga kyali kyeyongera okweyingiza mu nsonga z'ekitongole ekiramuzi.<ref>{{cite web |last=Novak |first=Andrew |title=The Criminal Justice System and Eroding Democracy After Independence – Page 12 |url=http://racism.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1448:mandatorydeathpenalty03&catid=140&Itemid=155&showall=&limitstart=11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603102544/http://racism.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1448:mandatorydeathpenalty03&catid=140&Itemid=155&showall=&limitstart=11 |archive-date=3 June 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016 |website=racism.org}}</ref> Kenya erina obulyi bw'enguzi bungi okusinziira ku Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), omuwendo ogugezaako okupima obunene bw'obuli bw'enguzi mu bitongole bya gavumenti mu nsi ez'enjawulo. Mu 2019, eggwanga lyali mu kifo kya 137 ku nsi 180 mu lukalala, n'obubonero 28 ku 100.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 January 2020 |title=Corruption Perceptions Index 2019 |url=https://www.transparency.org/cpi2019?/news/feature/cpi-2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200512190641/https://www.transparency.org/cpi2019?%2Fnews%2Ffeature%2Fcpi-2019 |archive-date=12 May 2020 |access-date=20 February 2020 |website=transparency.org |publisher=[[Transparency International]]}}</ref> Naye waliwo ebintu bingi eby'enkizo ebikoleddwa okusobola okukendeeza obuli bw'enguzi mu gavumenti ya Kenya, gamba ng'okutandikawo akakiiko akapya era aketengeredde akalwanyisa enguzi aka Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission (EACC).<ref>{{cite web |title=Business Corruption in Kenya |url=http://www.business-anti-corruption.com/country-profiles/sub-saharan-africa/kenya/business-corruption-in-kenya.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140406012851/http://www.business-anti-corruption.com/country-profiles/sub-saharan-africa/kenya/business-corruption-in-kenya.aspx |archive-date=6 April 2014 |access-date=4 April 2014 |publisher=Business Anti-Corruption Portal}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda okwaliwo mu 1997, etteeka erya Constitution of Kenya Review Act, eryali litegekeddwa okutereeza obulungi mu ssemateeka wa Kenya, lyayisibwa Paalamenti ya Kenya.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121030152612/http://www.kenyaconstitution.org/history/ A short history of the 2010 Kenya constitution] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030152612/http://www.kenyaconstitution.org/history/|date=30 October 2012}}. kenyaconstitution.org</ref> Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2002, Kenya yafuna okulonda okw'amazima n'obwenkanya, okwalabibwa ng'okw'amazima era okw'obwenkanya okusinziira ku balabi b'ensi yonna<ref>{{cite news|title=International observers declare Kenyan elections fair|work=cbc.ca|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/international-observers-declare-kenyan-elections-fair-1.349882|url-status=live|access-date=13 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530210357/http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/international-observers-declare-kenyan-elections-fair-1.349882|archive-date=30 May 2016}}</ref> TOkulonda kwa 2002 kwali kwa makulu nnyo era nga kulaga enkyukakyuka. Okulonda kwa 2002 kwali kwa mugaso nnyo mu kukyusa enkola ya demokulasiya mu Kenya mu ngeri nti obuyinza bwakyusibwa mu mirembe okuva mu Kenya African National Union (KANU), eyali efuze eggwanga okuva ku bwetwaze, okudda mu National Rainbow Coalition (NARC), omukago gw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi. Wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Mwai Kibaki, omukago omupya ogufuga gwasuubiza okussa amaanyi gaagwo ku kuleetawo enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna, okulwanyisa obuli bw'enguzi, okulongoosa eby'enjigiriza, n'okuddamu okuwandiika Ssemateeka waagwo. Ebimu ku bisuubizo bino bituukiriziddwa. Waliwo okusoma kwa pulayimale okw'obwereere.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Turning Point: Free Primary Education in Kenya – NORRAG |url=https://resources.norrag.org/resource/view/40/162 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204085234/https://resources.norrag.org/resource/view/40/162 |archive-date=4 February 2021 |access-date=21 December 2020 |website=norrag.org}}</ref> Mu 2007, gavumenti yafulumya ekiwandiiko ng'erangirira nti okuva mu 2008, okusoma kwa sekendule tekwali kwa kusasulirwa ssente nnyingi, nga gavumenti esasula ebisale by'essomero byonna.<ref>{{Cite news|date=11 February 2008|title=Africa &#124; Free secondary schools for Kenya|work=BBC News|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7239577.stm|url-status=live|access-date=26 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203081815/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7239577.stm|archive-date=3 December 2012}}</ref> '''Okulonda kwa 2013 ne gavumenti empya''' Mu Ssemateeka omupya era ne Pulezidenti Kibaki yagaanibwa olw'ekkomo ku bisanja obutaddamu kwesimbawo mu kisanja eky'okusatu, Omumyuka wa Ssaabaminisita Uhuru Kenyatta yeesimbawo mu woofiisi. Yawangula n'ebitundu 50.51% eby'obululu mu Gwokusatu 2013. Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2014, Pulezidenti Kenyatta yassa omukono ku tteeka erikwata ku by’okwerinda eryali likyusiddwaamu, abawagizi b’etteeka lino abaali balikkiririzaamu baagamba nti lyali lyetaagisa okukuuma abantu okuva ku bibinja by’abayeekera. Bannabyabufuzi ab’oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, ebibiina ebirwanirira eddembe ly’obuntu, n’amawanga mwenda ag’omu Bulaaya baavumirira etteeka eryo, nga bagamba nti lyali likosa eddembe ly’obuntu. Gavumenti ya America, Bungereza, Bugirimaani, ne Bufaransa nazo zaawera ekiwandiiko ky'awamu eri bannamawulire nga balabula ku ngeri etteeka lino gye liyinza okukosaamu abantu. Okuyitira mu Jubilee Coalition, etteeka lino oluvannyuma lyayisibwa nga 19 Ogwekkumineebiri mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga mu mbeera embi ennyo.<ref>{{Cite news|date=19 December 2014|title=Kenya president signs tough 'anti-terror' law|publisher=Al Jazeera|url=https://en-maktoob.news.yahoo.com/kenya-passes-divisive-anti-terror-law-090047236.html|url-status=dead|access-date=22 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222200412/https://en-maktoob.news.yahoo.com/kenya-passes-divisive-anti-terror-law-090047236.html|archive-date=22 December 2014}}</ref> '''Enkolagana n'amawanga g'ebweru''' [[File:President Obama's visit to Kenya (20062221510).jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Obama ng'akyaddeko mu Kenya]] Enkolagana ne Somalia ebadde nzibu nnyo mu byafaayo, wadde nga wabaddewo okukolera awamu mu by'amagye okulwanyisa abayeekera ab'obusiraamu. Kenya erina enkolagana ennungi ne Bungereza.<ref name="upenn">[http://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/kforeignrelation.htm Kenya – Foreign Relations] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423011916/http://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/kforeignrelation.htm|date=23 April 2016}}. Retrieved on 16 January 2015.</ref> Kenya y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okuwagira Amerika mu Afirika, n'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 June 2006 |title=Opinion of the United States |url=http://www.pewglobal.org/database/indicator/1/country/113/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405225516/https://www.pewglobal.org/database/indicator/1/country/113/ |archive-date=5 April 2019 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=Pewglobal.org}}</ref> Nga ennaku z’okuwozesebwa mu kkooti y’ensi yonna zitegekeddwa mu 2013 ku Pulezidenti Kenyatta n’omumyuka we Pulezidenti William Ruto ku bikwata ku byava mu kulonda kwa 2007, Pulezidenti wa Amerika Barack Obama, alina obuzaale bwa Kenya, yasalawo obutakyalako mu ggwanga eryo mu lukyala lwe olw’omu makkati ga 2013 mu Afirika.<ref>Epatko, Larisa, [https://web.archive.org/web/20140121185125/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/2013/06/africa-tour.html "Why Obama Is Visiting Senegal, South Africa and Tanzania But Not Kenya"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140121185125/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/2013/06/africa-tour.html|date=21 January 2014}}, ''[[PBS NewsHour]]'', 25 June 2013. Retrieved 18 August 2013.</ref> Oluvannyuma mu biseera by'omusana, Kenyatta yakyalira China ku kuyitibwa kwa Pulezidenti Xi Jinping oluvannyuma lw'okuyimirirako mu Russia era nga yali tannakyalako mu United States nga pulezidenti.<ref name="wp01">Raghavan, Sudarsan, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/in-snub-to-washington-kenyan-president-visits-china-russia-in-first-official-visit-outside-africa/2013/08/17/baaed162-06a4-11e3-bfc5-406b928603b2_story.html "In snub to Washington, Kenyan president visits China, Russia first"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129115608/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/in-snub-to-washington-kenyan-president-visits-china-russia-in-first-official-visit-outside-africa/2013/08/17/baaed162-06a4-11e3-bfc5-406b928603b2_story.html|date=29 November 2014}}, ''The Washington Post'', 17 August 2013. Ambassador Liu's comments at capitalfm.co.ke linked to [https://web.archive.org/web/20130818125924/http://www.capitalfm.co.ke/eblog/2013/08/16/kenya-and-china-achieving-shared-dreams-hand-in-hand/ capitalfm.co.ke] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818125924/http://www.capitalfm.co.ke/eblog/2013/08/16/kenya-and-china-achieving-shared-dreams-hand-in-hand/|date=18 August 2013}}. Retrieved 18 August 2013.</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu 2015, Obama yakyalira Kenya, pulezidenti wa America eyasooka okukyalira eggwanga eryo ng'akyali mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |last=George Kegoro |title=Circumstances created need that made visit possible |url=http://www.nation.co.ke/oped/Opinion/Barack-Obama-Visit-Uhuru-Kenyatta-William-Ruto-ICC/-/440808/2808378/-/dmt8p2/-/index.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828050809/http://www.nation.co.ke/oped/Opinion/Barack-Obama-Visit-Uhuru-Kenyatta-William-Ruto-ICC/-/440808/2808378/-/dmt8p2/-/index.html |archive-date=28 August 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=Nation.co.ke}}</ref> Ekitongole kya British Army Training Unit Kenya (BATUK) kikozesebwa mu kutendeka amagye ga Bungereza agalwanyira ku ttaka mu bitundu eby'ekyeya era ebirimu ensozi mu Great Rift Valley.<ref>"[https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2001/jul/01/politics.world Britain's secret killing fields] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806113032/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2001/jul/01/politics.world|date=6 August 2019}}". ''The Guardian''. 1 July 2001</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The British Army in Africa |url=http://www.army.mod.uk/operations-deployments/22724.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630055845/http://www.army.mod.uk/operations-deployments/22724.aspx |archive-date=30 June 2016 |access-date=20 June 2016 |website=army.mod.uk/ |publisher=Ministry of Defence}}</ref> '''Amagye''' Amagye ga Kenya Defence Forces ge gakuuma Kenya. Amagye ga Kenya, Amagye ga Kenya ag'okumazzi, n'amagye agalwanira mu bbanga ge gakola amagye g'Eggwanga gonna. Amagye ga Kenya agaliwo kati gaatandikibwawo, era enkola yaago n'erambikibwa, mu Kawaayiro 241 ak'endagaano ya 2010 eya Ssemateeka wa Kenya; eggye lya KDF lifugibwa etteeka lya Kenya Defence Forces Act erya 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Defence |title=Kenya Defence Forces Act – No. 25 of 2012 |url=http://www.mod.go.ke/pubs/kdfAct.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003132740/http://www.mod.go.ke/pubs/kdfAct.pdf/ |archive-date=3 October 2018 |access-date=6 May 2014 |publisher=National Council for Law Reporting}}</ref> Pulezidenti wa Kenya ye muduumizi w'amagye maggye gonna. Amagye gatera okusindikibwa okukuuma emirembe okwetooloola ensi yonna. Okugatta ku ekyo, oluvannyuma lw'okulonda okwaliwo mu Gwekkumineebiri 2007 n'obutabanguko obwaddirira, akakiiko akanoonyereza, Akakiiko ka Waki, kaasiima obwetegefu bwako era ne kakalangirira nti "kakoze obulungi omulimu gwako."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Commission of Inquiry into the Post Election Violence |url=http://www.eastandard.net/downloads/Waki_Report.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220154028/http://www.eastandard.net/downloads/Waki_Report.pdf |archive-date=20 December 2008}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, wabaddewo okwemulugunya okw'amaanyi ku kutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu, okusinga gye buvuddeko nga bakola ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera mu kitundu kya Mt Elgon<ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya National Commission on Human Rights |url=http://www.knchr.org/dmdocuments/Mt%20Elgon%20.PDF |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214072227/http://www.knchr.org/dmdocuments/Mt%20Elgon%20.PDF |archive-date=14 February 2012}}</ref> era ne mu Masekkati ga Disitulikiti y'e Mandera.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170703143833/http://www.nation.co.ke/News/-/1056/486206/-/view/printVersion/-/15cwkg8/-/index.html Security men accused of torture and rape] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703143833/http://www.nation.co.ke/News/-/1056/486206/-/view/printVersion/-/15cwkg8/-/index.html|date=3 July 2017}} Daily Nation. 11 January 2008.</ref> Amagye ga Kenya, okufaananako ebitongole bya gavumenti ebirala mu ggwanga, gakwatiddwako nnyo olw'ebigambibwa nti gaalya enguzi. Olw'okuba emirimu gy'amagye gibadde gikolebwa mu nkukutu olw'okutya nti gisobola okutaataaganyizibwa, obulyi bw'enguzi buno bubadde bukwekeddwa okuva mu bantu, era nga tebusobola kulabibwa bantu, era nga tebumanyiddwa. Kino kikyuse gye buvuddeko awo. Mu ebyo ebitalabwangako mu Kenya, mu 2010, waliwo ebyayogerwa ku buli bw'enguzi ebikwata ku kuwa abantu emirimu<ref>The Standard 31 October 2010 Activists give military 5 days to re-admit recruit INTERNET [http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/InsidePage.php?id=2000021408&catid=159&a=1 standardmedia.co.ke] {{dead link|date=December 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} Cited on 3 January 2011</ref> n'okugula ebidduka ebiriko eby'okulwanyisa. Okugatta ku ekyo, amagezi n'okukola okusalawo okulungi eri eby'okulwanyisa ebigulibwa bibadde by'emulugunyizibwako mu lujjudde. '''Engabanya y'obukulembeze.''' Kenya egabanyizibwamu amasaza 47 agalina obwetwaze obutonotono agakulemberwa bagavana. Amasaza gano 47 ge gakola ebitundu bya Kenya ebisookerwako. Ebifo ebisembayo obutono mu Kenya biyitibwa locations. Ebifo bino bitera okuba nga bye bimu n'ebitundu by'okulonderamu. Ebifo bino bitera okutuumibwa amannya g'ebibuga oba ebyalo ebiri mu masekkati gaabyo. Ebibuga ebinene birimu ebifo bingi. Buli kifo kirina omukulu, alondebwa gavumenti. Konsityuwensi bye bifo ebironderwamu, nga buli Ssaza lirimu omuwendo gw'ebifo ebironderwamu. Akakiiko k'ensalo akaakaseera katondebwawo mu 2010 okwekenneenya ebifo ebironderwamu era mu alipoota yaako, kyasemba okutondawo Konsityuwensi endala 80 ezironderwamu. Nga okulonda kwa 2013 tekunnabaawo, waaliwo Konsityuwensi ebironderwamu 210 mu Kenya.<ref>Kenya Roads Board [https://web.archive.org/web/20080113052023/http://www.krb.go.ke/constituency.php Constituency funding under the RMLF]</ref> '''Eddembe ly'obuntu''' Ebikolwa by'okulya ebisiyaga tebikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu Kenya era bitera okubonerezebwa n'okusibwa emyaka 14.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=Laws on Homosexuality in African Nations |url=https://www.loc.gov/law/help/criminal-laws-on-homosexuality/african-nations-laws.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170619211045/http://www.loc.gov/law/help/criminal-laws-on-homosexuality/african-nations-laws.php |archive-date=19 June 2017 |access-date=3 June 2017 |website=Library of Congress}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2020 okwakolebwa ekitongole kya Pew Research Center, ebitundu 83% ebya Bannakenya bakkiriza nti okulya ebisiyaga tekulina kukkirizibwa mu bantu.<ref name="pewresearch.org">{{Cite web |last1=Poushter |first1=Jacob |last2=Kent |first2=Nicholas |date=25 June 2020 |title=The Global Divide on Homosexuality Persists |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2020/06/25/global-divide-on-homosexuality-persists/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701105248/https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2020/06/25/global-divide-on-homosexuality-persists/ |archive-date=1 July 2022 |access-date=6 August 2022 |publisher=Pew Research Center}}</ref> Mu lukungaana lwa bannamawulire olwali wamu ne Pulezidenti Barack Obama mu 2015, Pulezidenti Kenyatta yagaana okukakasa obumalirivu bwa Kenya eri eddembe ly'abalyi b'ebisiyaga, ng'agamba nti "ensonga y'eddembe ly'abalyi b'ebisiyaga ddala si nsonga... Naye waliwo ebintu ebimu bye tulina okukkiriza nti tetubirina era tetubigabana. Obuwangwa bwaffe, abantu baffe tebakkiriza."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Holmes|first1=Kristen|last2=Scott|first2=Eugene|title=Obama lectures Kenyan president on gay rights|url=https://www.cnn.com/2015/07/25/politics/obama-kenya-kenyatta/index.html|url-status=live|publisher=CNN|date=25 July 2017|access-date=24 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515205038/https://www.cnn.com/2015/07/25/politics/obama-kenya-kenyatta/index.html|archive-date=15 May 2020}}</ref> Mu Gwekkuminogumu 2008, WikiLeaks yaleeta okumanyibwa okw'ensi yonna mu alipoota ya ''The Cry of Blood'', eraga okutta abamenyi b'amateeka okw'ebweru w'amateeka okwakolebwa poliisi ya Kenya. Mu alipoota eno, ekitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku ddembe ly'obuntu ekya Kenya National Commission on Human Rights (KNCHR) kyawaayo okunoonyereza kwakyo mu kuzuula kwakyo okukulu "e)", nga kigamba nti okubula kw'abantu n'okutta abantu okw'ebweru w'amateeka byalabika ng'ebiragiro bya gavumenti ebyawagirwa abakulembeze b'ebyobufuzi ne poliisi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 September 2008 |title='The Cry of Blood' — Report on Extra-Judicial Killings and Disappearances |url=http://www.ediec.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Kenia/KNCHR_REPORT_ON_POLICE.pdf |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101214044349/http://www.ediec.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Kenia/KNCHR_REPORT_ON_POLICE.pdf |archive-date=14 December 2010 |access-date=29 December 2010 |publisher=[[Kenya National Commission on Human Rights]]/Enforced Disappearances Information Exchange Center}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 April 2017 |title=Was extra-judicial killing of Eastleigh 'thugs' justified? Kenyans divided » Capital News |url=http://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2017/04/was-extra-judicial-killing-of-eastleigh-thugs-justified-kenyans-divided/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170619115319/http://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2017/04/was-extra-judicial-killing-of-eastleigh-thugs-justified-kenyans-divided/ |archive-date=19 June 2017 |access-date=29 June 2017}}</ref> == Eby'enfuna == Eby'enfuna bya Kenya biraze okukulaakulana okw'amaanyi mu myaka egiyise, okusingira ddala okuva mu pulojekiti z'enguudo, egaali y'omukka, eby'entambula ey'omu bbanga n'eku mazzi, awamu n'okusiga ensimbi mu tekinologiya ow'empuliziganya n'okutereka obubaka. Eby'enfuna bya Kenya bye bisinga obunene mu East Africa. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yakulaakulanya eby'enfuna byayo mu bwangu ng'eyita mu kusiga ssente za gavumenti, okukubiriza okulima okw'abalimi abatonotono era n'okuteekawo embeera ennungi ey'okusiga ensimbi mu makolero ag'obwannannyini. Kenya y'esinga okutambuza ebyamaguzi n'ensimbi mu East Africa. Ekitongole ky'ebyensimbi mu Kenya kikola bulungi, kikulaakulanye era kirimu eby'enfuna eby'enjawulo nga kino kye kisinga okubaamu abantu abeeyunira eby'enfuna mu kitundu kino era ne mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kenyan Economy – The National Treasury |url=https://www.treasury.go.ke/kenya-economy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228125720/https://www.treasury.go.ke/kenya-economy/ |archive-date=28 February 2024 |access-date=2024-02-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> Okusiga ensimbi okuva ebweru mu Kenya kusigala nga kunafu nnyoo bw'ogeraageranya n'obunene bw'ebyenfuna byakyo n'omutindo gw'enkulaakulana yaakyo. Mu 2022, omuwendo gwa FDI yonna mu Kenya gwali obuwumbi bwa ddoola za Amerika 10.4, nga kino kikola ebitundu 9.5% byokka ebya GDP y'eggwanga.<ref>{{cite web |title=Foreign direct investment (FDI) in Kenya – International Trade Portal |url=https://www.lloydsbanktrade.com/en/market-potential/kenya/investment |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228125720/https://www.lloydsbanktrade.com/en/market-potential/kenya/investment |archive-date=28 February 2024 |access-date=2024-02-28 |website=www.lloydsbanktrade.com}}</ref> Kenya erina Human Development Index (HDI) ya 0.628 (omutono), ng'eri mu kifo kya 143 ku bifo 193 mu nsi yonna mu 2023. Mu 2022, 25.4% ku Bannakenya baali babeera ku ssente ezitasukka $2.15 buli lunaku. Okusinziira ku bubaka obupya okuva mu 2022, ebitundu 25.4% ku bantu bakosebwa obwavu obw’engeri ez’enjawulo era n’abalala 26.4% nga bali mu katyabaga k’okubufuna. Mu 2017, Kenya yali mu kifo kya 92 mu nsi Banka y'ensi yonna ng'ensi ennyangu okukoleramu bizinesi ng'erinnya okuva mu kifo kya 113 mu 2016 (ku nsi 190).<ref>{{cite web |title=Doing Business in Kenya – World Bank Group |url=http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910125004/http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/kenya |archive-date=10 September 2018 |access-date=14 January 2017 |website=doingbusiness.org}}</ref> Ekitongole ky'ebyobulimi ekikulu ennyo kikozesa abakozi ng'ebitundu 30% ku bakozi bonna.<ref>{{cite web |title=World Bank Open Data |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS?locations=KE |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=World Bank Open Data}}</ref> Kenya etera okutwalibwa ng'akatale ak'omu maaso oba oluusi akatale akavaamu, era y'emu ku nsi ezikyakula. Eby'enfuna birabye okugaziwa okw'amaanyi, nga kino kirabibwa mu nkola ennungi mu by'obulambuzi, eby'enjigiriza ebya waggulu n'eby'empuliziganya era n'ebivaamu ebirungi mu by'obulimi oluvannyuma lw'ekyeya, naddala mu kitongole ky'amajaani ekikulu.<ref name="lcweb2.loc.gov">{{cite web |date=June 2007 |title=Country Profile: Kenya |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Kenya.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505051609/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Kenya.pdf |archive-date=5 May 2015 |access-date=23 April 2011 |website=Federal Research Division |publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref> Eby'enfuna bya Kenya byakula ebitundu ebisukka mu 7% mu 2007, era amabanja gaayo ag'ebweru gaakendeezebwa nnyo.<ref name="lcweb2.loc.gov2">{{cite web |date=June 2007 |title=Country Profile: Kenya |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Kenya.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505051609/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Kenya.pdf |archive-date=5 May 2015 |access-date=23 April 2011 |website=Federal Research Division |publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref> Kino kyakyuka amangu ddala oluvannyuma lw'okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwali okw'okubuusabuusa mu Gwekkumineebiri 2007, oluvannyuma lw'akavuyo akaaliiwo mu ggwanga. Eby'empuliziganya n'ebyensimbi mu myaka ekkumi egiyise kati bye bisinga okukola ebitundu 62% ebya GDP. Ebitundu 22% ebya GDP bikyava mu by'obulimi ebitali bya lubeerera ebikozesa ebitundu 75% eby'abakozi (ekintu ekirabika mu mawanga agakyakula agatannatuuka ku kufuna mmere emala). Ekitundu ky'abantu ekitono ennyo kyesigama ku buyambi bw'emmere.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=Food Assistance Fact Sheet – Kenya |url=https://www.usaid.gov/kenya/food-assistance |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610135707/https://www.usaid.gov/kenya/food-assistance |archive-date=10 June 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016 |website=[[USAID]]}}</ref> Amakolero n'okukola ebintu bye bisinga obutono, nga bikola ebitundu 16% ebya GDP. Eby'obuweereza, amakolero n'okukola ebintu bikozesa abakozi ebitundu 25% byokka naye nga biwa ebitundu 75% ebya GDP.[1] Kenya era etunda ebintu eby'engoye ebisukka mu bukadde bwa ddoola 400 wansi wa AGOA. Okutunda kampuni za gavumenti nga eyali eya Kenya Post and Telecommunications Company, ekyavaamu kkampuni esinga okukola amagoba mu East Africa—Safaricom, kireetedde okuzzaawo kampuni zino olw'okusiga ensimbi okw'amaanyi okw'abantu ssekinnoomu. Mu Gwokutaano 2011, embeera y'ebyenfuna yali nnungi ng'okweyongera kwa GDP kusuubirwa okuba ebitundu 4–5%, okusingira ddala olw'okugaziwa mu by'obulambuzi, eby'empuliziganya, eby'entambula, okuzimba, n'okudda engulu mu by'obulimi. Banka y'Ensi Yonna yateebereza okweyongera kwa 4.3% mu 2012.<ref name="WorldBanki">{{cite web |last=Fengler |first=Wolfgang |date=5 December 2012 |title=Kenya Economic Update |url=http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2012/12/05/energizing-kenya-s-economy-and-creating-quality-jobs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130309030739/http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2012/12/05/energizing-kenya-s-economy-and-creating-quality-jobs |archive-date=9 March 2013 |access-date=29 May 2013 |publisher=The [[World Bank]]}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 1996 ba Pulezidenti ba Kenya, Tanzania, ne Uganda baddamu okutandikawo omukago gwa East African Community (EAC). Ebigendererwa bya EAC mulimu okutereeza emisolo n'ebikwata ku misolo, okutambula kw'abantu awatali kusibibwa n'okutumbula ebintu ebikozesebwa mu kitundu. Mu Gwokusatu 2004, amawanga asatu ag'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika gaassa omukono ku Ndagaano y'omukago gw'omusolo eya Customs Union Agreement. Kenya erina ekitongole ky'ebyensimbi ekikulaakulanye okusinga baliraanwa baayo. Akatale k'emigabo aka Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) ke kali mu kifo eky'okuna mu Afirika mu by'obugagga bw'akatale. Enkola ya banka mu Kenya erabirirwa Banka Enkulu eya Kenya (CBK). Mu Gwomusanvu 2004, enkola eno yalimu banka z'ebyobusuubuzi 43 (nga zino zaali zikendedde okuva ku 48 mu 2001) ne bitongole ebitali bya banka ebiwerako omuli kampuni eziterekera abantu ssente, ebibiina bina ebiteekamu ssente n'okwewola era ne bizinensi nnyingi ezikyusa ssente.<ref name="lcweb2.loc.gov3">{{cite web |date=June 2007 |title=Country Profile: Kenya |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Kenya.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505051609/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Kenya.pdf |archive-date=5 May 2015 |access-date=23 April 2011 |website=Federal Research Division |publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref> Wiiki y'okutandikawo enkola empya mu Kenya eya Kenya Innovation Week (KIW) yatandikibwawo mu 2021, okuva nga 6 Ogwekkumineebiri okutuuka nga 10, 2021, ku Kenya School of Government mu Lower Kabete, Nairobi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya Innovation Week - About |url=https://kenyainnovationweek.com/about |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724013113/https://kenyainnovationweek.com/about |archive-date=24 Jul 2025 |access-date=19 August 2025 |website=kenyainnovationweek.com}}</ref> '''Eby'obulambuzi''' Eby'obulambuzi biyingiza mu Kenya ebitundu nga 6% ku by'enfuna byayo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Travel & Tourism in Kenya Injected KES 1TN to the national economy last year |url=https://wttc.org/news/travel-and-tourism-in-kenya-injected-kes-1tn-to-the-national-economy-last-year |access-date=2025-05-16 |website=wttc.org |language=en-GB}}</ref> Eby'obulambuzi mu Kenya bye bisinga okuvaamu ssente eziva ebweru, nga ziddirirwa ssente eziva mu bantu ababeera ebweru w'eggwanga n'ebyobulimi.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 January 2023 |title=Diaspora remittances now Kenya's largest foreign exchange earner |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/business/kenya-s-diaspora-remittances-rise-to-usd4-027bn-4093616 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227081004/https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/business/kenya-s-diaspora-remittances-rise-to-usd4-027bn-4093616 |archive-date=27 February 2024 |access-date=27 February 2024 |work=The East African}}</ref> Ekitongole kya Kenya Tourism Board kivunaanyizibwa ku kukuuma obubaka obukwata ku by'obulambuzi mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya Tourism Board |url=http://www.ktb.go.ke/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170219014534/http://ktb.go.ke/ |archive-date=19 February 2017 |access-date=2 March 2017 |website=KTB.go.ke}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya Law: January 2017 |url=http://www.kenyalaw.org/klr/index.php?id=811 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130805200519/http://www.kenyalaw.org/klr/index.php?id=811 |archive-date=5 August 2013 |access-date=2 March 2017 |website=KenyaLaw.org}}</ref> Ebintu ebisinga okusikiriza abalambuzi mulimu okulambula ebifo eby'enjawulo nga bayita mu kkuumiro ly'ebisolo 60 n'ebifo ebirala ebikuumibwamu ebisolo. Ebifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo mulimu Maasai Mara Game Reserve, Samburu National Reserve, Solio Game Reserve, Shaba National Reserve, Buffalo Springs National Reserve n'ebirala. Ebintu ebirala ebisikiriza mulimu okusenguka kw'ebisolo ebiyitibwa wildebeest ku Masaai Mara; emizikiti gy'ebyafaayo, n'ebigo ebyazimbibwa mu kiseera ky'amatwale e Mombasa, Malindi, ne Lamu; ebifo ebimanyiddwa ennyo gamba nga olusozi Kenya olweru n'ekiwonvu kya Great Rift Valley; ennimiro z'amajaani e Kericho; ennimiro z'emmwanyi e Thika; okulaba obulungi olusozi Kilimanjaro okusala ensalo okuyingira [[Tanzania]]; n'ebbiici eziri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, mu Indian Ocean. Abalambuzi, abasinga obungi nga bava mu Bugirimaani ne Bungereza, basikirizibwa nnyo ku bbiici eziri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja n'amakuumiro g'ebisolo, okusingira ddala, East ne Tsavo West National Park, 20,808 square kilometres (8,034 sq mi) mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba. '''Eby'obulimi''' Obulimi n'obulunzi kye ky'okubiri mu kuleeta amagoba mu Kenya oluvannyuma lw'ekitongole ky'obuweereza. Mu 2005, obulimi n'obulunzi, nga mw'otwalidde n'ebibira n'okuvuba, byakola ebitundu 24% ebya GDP, awamu n'ebitundu 18% eby'emirimu egisasulwa era ebitundu 50% eby'ensimbi eziva mu by'amaguzi ebifulumizibwa ebweru w'eggwanga. Ebirime ebikulu ebivaamu ssente z'amajaani, ebirime ebirimibwa mu nnimiro, ne kaawa. Ebirime ebirimibwa mu nnimiro y'amajaani bye bitundu ebisinga okukula era nga byombi bye bisinga okuba eby'omuwendo mu byonna eby'ebweru bya Kenya. Okulima emmere enkulu nga kasooli kusinziira ku nkyukakyuka y'obudde. Okukendeera kw'ebirime ebivaamu emmere kitera okwetaagisa obuyambi bw'emmere—okugeza mu 2004, olw'ekimu ku kyeya kya Kenya ekitera okubaawo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2005 |title=Drought leaves two million Kenyans in need of food aid |url=http://wfp.org/news/news-release/drought-leaves-two-million-kenyans-need-food-aid |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814052428/http://www.wfp.org/news/news-release/drought-leaves-two-million-kenyans-need-food-aid |archive-date=14 August 2016 |access-date=5 August 2016 |website=United Nations World Food Programme}}</ref> Ekitongole ekikulemberwa International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) kifunye obuwanguzi obumu mu kuyamba abalimi okulima empiinamiti mu kifo kya kasooli naddala mu bitundu ebikalu. Empiinamiti ky'ekimera ekisobola okusimattuka embeera y'ekyeya, n'olwekyo asobola okulimibwa mu bitundu ebifuna enkuba etali waggulu wa mmiliita 650 (inchi 26) buli mwaka. Pulojekiti ez'enkizo zikubirizza okutunda ebimera eby'ensigo nga zikubiriza okukulaakulanya ensigo ez'omu kitundu n'obukolagano bw'abalimi n'abasuubuzi okugaba n'okutunda. Omulimu guno, ogwazingiramu okugatta abalimi ku batunda ebintu mu bungi, kyayamba okwongeza emiwendo gy'abalimi mu kitundu ekyo ebitundu 20–25% mu Nairobi ne Mombasa. Okutunda empinnamiti kisobozesa abalimi abamu okugula ebintu eby'enjawulo okuva ku masimu ag'omu ngalo okutuuka ku ttaka n'ebisolo, era kibagguliddewo emikisa okuva mu bwavu.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140718193632/http://exploreit.icrisat.org/page/eastern_and_southern_africa/887/329 Pigeonpea in Eastern and Southern Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718193632/http://exploreit.icrisat.org/page/eastern_and_southern_africa/887/329|date=18 July 2014}}. [[ICRISAT]] Posted 10 October 2012. Downloaded 26 January 2014.</ref> Amajaani, kaawa, ekigooggwa, senturuma, kasooli, ne ŋŋaano birimibwa mu bitundu eby'obusozi ebirimu ettaka eggimu, ekimu ku bitundu ebisinga okulimibwamu mu Afirika.<ref name=":03">{{cite book |author=CIA |year=2010 |title=The World Factbook |publisher=Potomac Books, Inc. |isbn=978-1-59797-541-4 |page=336}}</ref> Okulunda ebisolo kwe kukulembera mu savanna eri mu Bukiikakkono n'Ebuvanjuba. Kooko, ennaanansi, ppamba, ebikajjo, senturuma, ne kasooli birimibwa mu bitundu ebiri ku madaala aga wansi. Kenya tennatuuka ku mutindo gw’okusiga ensimbi n’okukola obulungi mu by'obulimi n’obulunzi ebiyinza okukakasa obukuumi bw’emmere, era nga kino kigattiddwako obwavu obuvaamu (abantu 53 ku buli kikumi babeera wansi w’omutindo gw’obwavu), ekitundu ky’abantu kinene buli kiseera kifa njala era nga kyesigama nnyo ku buyambi bw’emmere.<ref name=":12">{{cite web |title=Food Assistance Fact Sheet – Kenya |url=https://www.usaid.gov/kenya/food-assistance |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610135707/https://www.usaid.gov/kenya/food-assistance |archive-date=10 June 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016 |website=[[USAID]]}}</ref> Enguudo embi, entambula y’eggaali y’omukka etatuukiridde, entambula y’oku mazzi etakozesebwa bulungi, n’entambula y’ennyonyi ey’ebbeeyi ebasudde ebitundu ebisinga obukalu n’ebitali bya nkalakkalira, era abalimi mu bitundu ebirala emirundi mingi basuula emmere mu nnimiro kubanga tebasobola kutuuka ku butale. Kino kyasembyeyo okulabibwa mu Gwomunaana ne mu Gwomwenda 2011, ne kireetera abantu ba Kenya okutandikawo enteekateeka ya Kenya for Kenya eyakolebwa ekitongole kya Red Cross.<ref>[http://conferences.ifpri.org/2020africaconference/program/day1summaries/kinyua.pdf Towards Achieving Food Security in Kenya] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126003110/http://conferences.ifpri.org/2020africaconference/program/day1summaries/kinyua.pdf|date=26 January 2012}}. Joseph Kinyua, Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture, Kenya; 1 April 2004, Kampala, Uganda</ref> Eby'okufukirira mu Kenya bigabanyizibwamu ebika by'entegeka bisatu: entegeka entonotono ez'abalimi kinnoomu, entegeka za gavumenti eziddukanyizibwa wakati, n'entegeka z'obwannannyini/ezikola bizinensi ez'okufukirira. Enteekateeka z'okufukirira ez'abalimi abatono zibeera za bantu kinnoomu oba ebibinja by'abalimi abakola ng'abakozesa amazzi oba ebibinja eby'eyamba saako n'okwewanirira. Okufukirira kukolebwa ku faamu z'abantu kinnoomu oba ku faamu z'ebibinja nga buli emu eba ya 0.1–0.4 ha. Waliwo enteekateeka z'okufukirira ez'abalimi abatono nga 3,000 ezibikka ettaka lya 47,000 ha. Eggwanga lirina enkola ennene musanvu ezifukirira, ezikolebwa mu makkati, nga ze Mwea, Bura, Hola, Perkera, West Kano, Bunyala, ne Ahero, nga zikwata ku ttaka lya yiika 18,200 era nga buli nkola ekwata ku yiika 2,600. Enkola zino ziddukanyizibwa National Irrigation Board era nga ze zisinga okufukirira ettaka mu Kenya ebitundu 18%. Ffaamu z'obwannannyini ez'amaanyi ezikolerwamu eby'obusuubuzi zirimu yiika 45,000, nga ze zikola ebitundu 40% eby'ettaka erifukirirwa. Zikozesa tekinologiya ow'amaanyi era ne zivaamu ebirime eby'omuwendo ennyo eby'okutunda ebweru w'eggwanga, naddala ebimuli n'enva endiirwa.<ref>Republic of Kenya, Ministry of Water and Irrigation (2009) ''National Irrigation and Drainage Policy'':3–4.</ref> Kenya y'ensi ey'okusatu mu nsi yonna mu kutunda ebimuli ebisaliddwa ebweru w'eggwanga.<ref name="kenya-flower-industry">{{Cite web |last=Veselinovic |first=Milena |date=16 March 2015 |title=Got roses this Valentine's Day? They probably came from Kenya |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/16/africa/kenya-flower-industry/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160714194025/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/16/africa/kenya-flower-industry/ |archive-date=14 July 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> Kumpi ekitundu kimu kyakubiri ku faamu z'ebimuli 127 mu Kenya zisangibwa okumpi n'Ennyanja Naivasha, kilomita 90 mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bwa Nairobi.<ref name="kenya-flower-industry" /> Okwanguya okutunda kwabwe ebweru w'eggwanga, ekisaawe ky'ennyonyi ekya Nairobi kirina ekifo ekikola ku ntambuza y'ebimuli n'enva endiirwa.<ref name="kenya-flower-industry" /> '''Amakolero n'okufulumya ebintu''' Wadde nga Kenya nsi eri ku ddaala erya wansi mu by'enfuna, eby'amakolero bitwala ebitundu 14% ebya GDP, ng'emirimu gy'amakolero gikolebwa mu bibuga ebisatu ebisinga obunene, Nairobi, Mombasa, ne Kisumu, era nga gisinga kutwalibwa makolero agakola emmere nga okusa emmere, okukola omwenge, okusiba omuwemba, n'okukola ebintu ebyettanirwa abantu, gamba nga emmotoka okuva mu bitundutundu. Kenya nayo erina amakolero agakola seminti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 September 2015 |title=Cement production keeps pace with growing demand |url=http://www.constructionkenya.com/2431/kenya-cement-industry-outlook/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513234924/http://www.constructionkenya.com/2431/kenya-cement-industry-outlook/ |archive-date=13 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016 |website=Construction Business Review}}</ref> Kenya erina ekkolero ly'amafuta erikola ku mafuta agaleetebwa okuva ebweru okugafuula ebintu ebikolebwamu amafuta, okusingira ddala okukozesebwa mu ggwanga. Okugatta ku ekyo, ekitongole ekitali mu butongole ekimanyiddwa nga jua kali kikola ebintu ebitonotono mu maka, ebitundu by'emmotoka, n'ebyuma ebikozesebwa mu kulima.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2 August 2005 |title=Kenya: Employers' organizations taking the lead on linking the informal sector to formal Kenyan enterprises |url=http://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/features/WCMS_075529/lang--en/index.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605021700/http://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/features/WCMS_075529/lang--en/index.htm |archive-date=5 June 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016 |website=ilo.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 November 2015 |title=Jua Kali sector plays key role in economic development and job creation |url=http://www.mygov.go.ke/?p=5038 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610135631/http://www.mygov.go.ke/?p=5038 |archive-date=10 June 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016 |website=MyGov}}</ref> Okuteeka Kenya mu abo abaganyulwa mu tteeka lya Gavumenti ya Amerika erya African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) kiyambye nnyo mu by'amakolero mu myaka egyakayita. Okuva AGOA lwe yatandika mu 2000, Kenya bye yatunda mu ngoye mu United States by'eyongera okuva ku bukadde bwa ddoola 44 okutuuka ku bukadde bwa ddoola 270 (2006).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kamau |first=Pithon |title=Industry |url=http://www.brandkenya.go.ke/2012-12-16-16-05-26/75-industry |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604180631/http://www.brandkenya.go.ke/2012-12-16-16-05-26/75-industry |archive-date=4 June 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016 |website=Brand Kenya Board}}</ref> Enteekateeka endala ez'okunyweza eby'okukola ebintu mwe muli enkola ya gavumenti empya ey'okusonyiwa omusolo, omuli n'okuggyawo omusolo ku byuma ebikozesebwa mu makolero n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa mu kukola ebintu..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kenya |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/e/eb/rls/othr/ics/2010/138092.htm?goMobile=0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803022046/https://2009-2017.state.gov/e/eb/rls/othr/ics/2010/138092.htm?goMobile=0 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |access-date=10 June 2016}}</ref> Mu 2023, Kenya eri mu nteekateeka y'okuzimba paaka z'amakolero ttaano ezijja okukola nga tezisasula misolo, nga zisuubirwa okumalirizibwa mu 2030. Waliwo ebigendererwa by'okukulaakulanya paaka endala 20 ez'amakolero mu biseera eby'omu maaso.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2024-01-02|title=How to get rich in the 21st century|newspaper=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/finance-and-economics/2024/01/02/how-to-get-rich-in-the-21st-century|access-date=2024-01-03|issn=0013-0613|archive-date=3 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240103101233/https://www.economist.com/finance-and-economics/2024/01/02/how-to-get-rich-in-the-21st-century|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Eby'entambula''' Amakubo g'emmotoka aga Trans-African abiri gayita mu Kenya okuli: Cairo-Cape Town Highway ne Lagos-Mombasa Highway, n'olwekyo eggwanga lirina enguudo ez'amaanyi omuli ennime/ enkole saako n'ezo ezitali nnime oba nkole. Enkola y'eggaali y'omukka mu Kenya ekwataganya emikutu gy'oku mwalo n'ebibuga ebikulu, nga kigigatta ku muliraano [[Uganda]]. Waliwo ebisaawe by'ennyonyi 15 ebirina enguudo enkole/ enzimbe. '''Amasanyalaze''' [[File:Worker in Olkaria Kenya.jpg|thumb|Abakozi b'amasanyalaze ku Olkaria Geothermal Power Plant]] kitundu ekisinga obunene eky'amasannyalaze ga Kenya kiva mu ttaka,,<ref>[https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-tools/energy-statistics-data-browser?country=KENYA&fuel=Energy%20supply&indicator=ElecGenByFuel Electricity in Kenya] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811133300/https://www.iea.org/statistics/statisticssearch/report/?country=Kenya&product=electricityandheat|date=2015}}. IEA 2014</ref> ne kigobererwa amasannyalaze g'amasannyalaze agakolebwa mu mazzi g'omugga Tana ogw'omu Bukiikakkono, awamu ne Turkwel Gorge Dam mu Bugwanjuba. Ekkolero ly'amafuta agookya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja, ebifo ebikozesa amasannyalaze g'omu ttaka mu Olkaria (okumpi ne Nairobi), n'amasannyalaze agaleetebwa okuva e Uganda bye bikola ekitundu ekisigaddeyo. Oluguudo lw'amasannyalaze olwa MW 2,000 okuva e Ethiopia lwamalirizibwa mu 2022. E Kenya obusobozi obuteereddwawo bweyongera okuva ku megawatts 1,142 wakati wa 2001 ne 2003 okutuuka ku 2,341 mu 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Peak Demands – Summary of Electricity Sub Sector Statistics |url=http://energy.go.ke/?p=510 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207063902/http://energy.go.ke/?p=510 |archive-date=7 December 2019 |access-date=11 November 2019 |publisher=Kenya Ministry of Energy}}</ref> Ekitongole kya gavumenti ekya Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen), ekyatandikibwawo mu 1997 nga kiyitibwa Kenya Power Company, kye kikola ku kukola amasannyalaze, Kenya Electricity Transmission Company kikola ku kusaasaanya amasannyalaze ate Kenya Power and Lighting ekola ku kusaasaanya amasannyalaze mu ggwanga. Ebbula ly'amasannyalaze libaawo buli luvannyuma lw'ekiseera, ekyeya bwe kikendeeza ku ntambula y'amazzi. Okusobola okufuna amasannyalaze agamala, Kenya etaddewo amasannyalaze g'empewo n'amasannyalaze g'enjuba (buli limu lya MW 300), era erina ekiruubirirwa eky'okuzimba ekkolero ly'amasannyalaze ga nukiriya mu 2027.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 December 2017 |title=Kenya plans nuclear plant by 2027 |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Kenya-plans-to-set-up-nuclear-plant-by-2027/2560-4215876-14gd00jz/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227121952/http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Kenya-plans-to-set-up-nuclear-plant-by-2027/2560-4215876-14gd00jz/index.html |archive-date=27 December 2017 |access-date=26 December 2017 |website=The East African |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>McGregor, Sarah (20 September 2010) [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-09-20/kenya-aims-to-build-a-nuclear-power-plant-by-2017-minister-nyoike-says.html Kenya Aims to Build a Nuclear Power Plant by 2017] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131115140634/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-09-20/kenya-aims-to-build-a-nuclear-power-plant-by-2017-minister-nyoike-says.html|date=15 November 2013}}. Bloomberg L.P.</ref> Kenya erina amafuta agakakasiddwa mu Turkana. Tullow Oil eteebereza nti amafuta agali mu ggwanga gali mu bipipa kumpi akawumbi kamu.<ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-08-19/kenya-from-nowhere-plans-east-africa-s-first-oil-exports-energy.html Kenya From Nowhere Plans East Africa's First Oil Exports: Energy] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725035553/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-08-19/kenya-from-nowhere-plans-east-africa-s-first-oil-exports-energy.html|date=25 July 2014}}. Bloomberg L.P.</ref> Okunoonyereza kukyagenda mu maaso okulaba oba nga waliwo amafuta amalala. Kenya mu kiseera kino egula amafuta gonna aga crude petroleum ge yeetaaga. Okuva mu 2013 gavumenti yasalawo okugula amafuta aga white petroleum agakoleddwa. Kenya Pipeline Company y'ekitongole kya gavumenti ekivunaanyizibwa ku kutereka n'okutambuza amafuta ga white petroleum. Ekitongole ekitambuza amafuta ekya Kenya Pipeline Company ye parastatal eya gavumenti ng'erina obuvunaanyizibwa bw'okutereka n'okutambuza amafuta ameeru. Gye buvuddeko awo gavumenti yagiggyako obwannannyini nga gavumenti erina omugabo mitono. Kenya terina tterekero lya mafuta era yeesigama ku bitongole ebikola ku by'amafuta ebyatereka amafuta agamala ennaku 21 nga kino kyetaagisa mu mateeka g'amakolero. Amafuta gakola ebitundu 20%-ku-25% ku by'amaguzi byonna ebigulibwa okuva ebweru w'eggwanga.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120619062331/http://af.reuters.com/article/investingNews/idAFJOE74J0F220110520?pageNumber=1&virtualBrandChannel=0 Kenya plans strategic oil reserve]. Reuters (10 November 2011).</ref> '''Ba musiga nsimbi aba China n'obusuubuzi''' Ebyafulumizibwa ku mukutu gwa Capital FM owa Kenya nga byawandiikibwa Liu Guangyuan, omubaka wa China mu Kenya, mu kiseera Pulezidenti Kenyatta we yagendera e Beijing mu 2013, byagamba nti, "Okusiga ensimbi kwa China mu Kenya ... kwatuuka ku bukadde bwa ddoola 474, nga kino kye kyali ensibuko y'okusiga ensimbi okuva ebweru eyali esinga obunene mu Kenya, era ... eby'obusuubuzi wakati w'amawanga gombi ... byatuuka ku bukadde bwa ddoola 2.84" mu 2012. Kenyatta yali "awerekeddwa abasuubuzi ba Kenya 60 [era nga yali asuubira] ... okufuna obuwagizi okuva mu China ku nteekateeka y'eggaali y'omukka eya ddoola obuwumbi 2.5 okuva ku mwalo gw'e Mombasa mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Kenya okutuuka ku Uganda ey'oku muliraano, awamu ne daamu ya ddoola obuwumbi 1.8", okusinziira ku kiwandiiko okuva mu ofiisi ya pulezidenti, era mu kiseera ky'olugendo luno.<ref name="wp01" /> Base Titanium, ekitongole ekya Base Resources eky'omu Australia, kyasindika mu China ebintu byakyo eby'omuwendo ebisooka. Tani nga 25,000 eza ilmenite zaasimbula okuva mu kibuga ky'e Kenya ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ekiyitibwa Kilifi. Ebintu ebyasooka okuleetebwa ku mwalo byali bisuubirwa okuvaamu ssente za Kenya eziri mu buwumbi bwa KSh.15–20/= mu magoba.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Jackson Okoth |last2=Philip Mwakio |date=14 February 2014 |title=Standard Digital News : : Business – Kenya joins mineral exporters as first titanium cargo leaves port |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/business/article/2000104631/kenya-joins-mineral-exporters-as-first-titanium-cargo-leaves-port |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128083340/http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/business/article/2000104631/kenya-joins-mineral-exporters-as-first-titanium-cargo-leaves-port |archive-date=28 January 2015 |access-date=15 February 2015 |website=Standard Digital News}}</ref> Mu 2014, pulojekiti y'eggaali y'omukka eya China okuva e Nairobi okutuuka e Mombasa yayimirizibwa olw'obutakkaanya ku kusasula/ okuliyirira abantu bannanyini ettaka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shem Oirere |date=23 October 2014 |title=Construction of Kenyan standard-gauge line suspended |url=http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/africa/construction-of-kenyan-standard-gauge-line-suspended.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150129170952/http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/africa/construction-of-kenyan-standard-gauge-line-suspended.html |archive-date=29 January 2015 |access-date=15 February 2015}}</ref> '''Vision 2030''' Mu 2007, gavumenti ya Kenya yatongoza Vision 2030, enteekateeka y'enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna gy'esuubira okuteeka eggwanga mu kifo kye kimu n'Amawanga ga Asia ag'eby'enfuna ag'amaanyi mu 2030. Mu 2013, yatongoza National Climate Change Action Plan, oluvannyuma lw'okukkiriza nti okubuusa amaaso embeera y'obudde ng'ensonga enkulu mu Vision 2030 kyali kibulamu. Enteekateeka eno ey'empapula 200, eyakolebwa n'obuyambi okuva mu Climate & Development Knowledge Network, eteekawo okwolesebwa kwa Gavumenti ya Kenya ku nkulaakulana ey'engeri y'okukendeeza ku kaboni mu ngeri ey'obuvunaanyizibwa ku mbeera y'obudde. Mu kutongoza mu Gwokusatu 2013, Omuwandiisi wa Minisitule y’Enteekateeka, Enkulaakulana ey’Eggwanga, ne Vision 2030 yaggumiza nti embeera y’obudde yandibadde nsonga nkulu mu nteekateeka ya Medium-Term eyali egenda okutongozebwa mu myezi egigenda okujja. Kino kyandireeseewo enkola ennungi ey’okutuusa ku bantu enteekateeka ey’Ebikolwa era ne kikakasa nti enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y’obudde ekwatibwa ng’ensonga ekwata ku by'enfuna byonna..<ref>[http://cdkn.org/2013/03/news-kenyas-national-climate-change-action-plan-is-officially-launched/ NEWS: Kenya's National Climate Change Action Plan is officially launched] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514075422/http://cdkn.org/2013/03/news-kenyas-national-climate-change-action-plan-is-officially-launched/|date=14 May 2013}}, Climate & Development Knowledge Network, 28 March 2013</ref> Ate era, Kenya yaweereza NDC ey’omulembe, eyalimu ebiruubirirwa eby’amaanyi nga 24 Ogwekkumineebiri 2020, ng’erimu okweyama okukendeeza ku gasi ezitega olubugumu ku nsi ebitundu 32 ku buli kikumi mu 2030 bw’ogeraageranya n’embeera eya bulijjo era ng’ekwatagana n’enteekateeka yaayo ey’enkulaakulana ey’olubeerera n’embeera zaayo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya Climate Change Country Profile |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/resources/kenya-climate-change-country-profile |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231230420/https://www.climatelinks.org/resources/kenya-climate-change-country-profile |archive-date=31 December 2021 |access-date=2022-04-14 |website=climatelinks.org}}</ref> '''Okuvumbula amafuta''' Kenya ezuddeyo amafuta mu Ssaza lye Turkana. Pulezidenti Mwai Kibaki yalangirira nga 26 Ogwokusatu 2012 nti kampuni ya Tullow Oil, ey'Abangereza n'Abayiruki abanoonyereza ku mafuta, yali ezuddeyo amafuta, naye obusobozi bwago okuvaamu ssente n'okugakozesa byali byakutwala emyaka nga esatu okukakasibwa.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-17513488 Kenya oil discovery after Tullow Oil drilling] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318140249/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-17513488|date=18 March 2018}}. BBC News. 26 March 2012.</ref> Ku ntandikwa ya 2006, pulezidenti wa China Hu Jintao yassa omukono ku ndagaano y'okunoonyereza ku mafuta ne Kenya, nga kino kye kimu ku by'obusuubuzi ebyakolebwa okusobozesa eby'obugagga bya Afirika okugenda mu maaso okuweereza China eyali egaziya ennyo mu by'enfuna. Endagaano eno yakkiriza kampuni ya China eya CNOOC okusima amafuta mu Kenya, era nga kino kyali kitandika okusima amafuta mu bitundu bya Sudan n'ekitundu ekiriko enkaayana mu North Eastern Province, ku nsalo ne Somalia n'ebitundu ebiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Waliwo okuteebereza okw'ekikugu okukwata ku bungi bw'amafuta agasobola okuzuulibwa.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Barber|first1=Lionel|last2=England|first2=Andrew|date=10 August 2006|title=China's scramble for Africa finds a welcome in Kenya|work=Financial Times|url=https://www.ft.com/content/a51a39d2-280c-11db-b25c-0000779e2340|url-status=live|access-date=27 June 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100513072549/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/a51a39d2-280c-11db-b25c-0000779e2340.html|archive-date=13 May 2010}}</ref> '''Ebikolwa by'okulwanyisa okwonoona obutonde bw'ensi''' Mu 2017, Kenya yawera obuveera obukozesebwa omulundi ogumu. Okusinziira ku kitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku butonde bw'ensi, ebitundu 80% eby'abantu bagondera etteeka/okuwera kuno. Oluvannyuma, mu 2020, okuwera obuveera obukozesebwa omulundi ogumu kwa yongezebwayo mu bifo ebikuumibwa, omuli ebibira n'amakuumiro g'ebisolo.<ref name=":4">{{cite news|last=Kimeu|first=Caroline|date=2023-05-30|title=After a plastic bag ban, Kenya takes another shot at its pollution problem|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2023/may/30/kenya-wrestles-with-its-plastic-pollution-problem|access-date=2023-10-06|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=18 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180647/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2023/may/30/kenya-wrestles-with-its-plastic-pollution-problem|url-status=live}}</ref> tteeka eryayisibwa mu Gwomusanvu 2023 liragira kampuni okukendeeza ku bucaafu n’okukosa obutonde bw’ensi ebiva mu bintu bye baleeta mu katale ka Kenya, kinnoomu oba nga bayita mu nteekateeka ez’awamu. Obutafaananako n’ebyakolebwa emabega, bizinensi kati zirina okw'enyigira mu nteekateeka ez’okukungaanya kasasiro n’okuddamu okukozesa ebintu, gamba nga enteekateeka ya Petco eyassibwawo gavumenti mu 2018.<ref name=":4" /> '''Emirimu n'abakozi''' Kenya erina abakozi obukadde nga 24 n'omuwendo gw'abakola ogw'awamu gwa 74%, omuwendo gw'abatalina mirimu mu 2022 gwateeberezebwa okubeera ku biundu 5.6%<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Bank Open Data |url=https://data.worldbank.org/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526025607/https://data.worldbank.org/ |archive-date=26 May 2023 |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=World Bank Open Data}}</ref> Okusinziira ku alipoota ya Banka y'Ensi Yonna eya 2019 Human Capital Index (HCI), eyapima obusobozi bw'abantu mu mulembe oguddako, Kenya yali esinga mu mawanga agali mu Sub-Saharan Africa n'obubonero bwa HCI obwa 0.52. Alipoota eno yagatta wamu ebintu eby'enjawulo ebikulu, omuli okusoma, okutaasa abaana, omutindo gw'okusoma, okukula obulungi n'okuwangaala kw'abantu abakulu mu alipoota emu eri wakati wa 0–1.<ref>{{cite web |date=2020-12-21 |title=Kenya beats sub-Saharan Africa peers in World Bank global human capital index |url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/data-hub/kenya-beats-sub-saharan-africa-peers-in-world-bank-global-human-capital-index-2254280 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401153950/https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/data-hub/kenya-beats-sub-saharan-africa-peers-in-world-bank-global-human-capital-index-2254280 |archive-date=1 April 2024 |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=Business Daily}}</ref> '''Bbanka eziwola ensimbi''' Ebitongole ebisukka mu 20 biwa looni z'ebyobusuubuzi ku kigero ekinene, looni z'ebyobulimi, looni z'ebyenjigiriza, ne looni ez'ebigendererwa ebirala. Okwongereza ku ekyo, waliwo: * looni ez'amangu, ezisingako okuba ez'ebbeeyi mu kigero ky'amagoba, naye nga zifunika mangu * looni z'ebibinja ebitono (abali wakati wa bana ne bataano) n'ebibinja ebinene (okutuuka ku bantu 30) * looni z'abakyala, nga nazo zisobola okufunibwa ne mu bibinja by'abakyala Mu bantu abali mu bukadde nga 40 mu Kenya, obukadde nga 14 tebasobola kufuna buweereza bwa byanfuna okuyitira mu kusaba kw'okwewola mu butongole, ate obukadde obulala 12 tebalina we bayinza kufuna buweereza bwe by'enfuna. Okugatta ku ekyo, Bannakenya akakadde 1 be beesigama ku bibinja ebitali bya bitongole okufuna obuyambi mu by'enfuna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kenya |url=http://mfi-upgrading-initiative.org/000001985b0d93482/00000198660ae2e07/032d539c050945b02/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603203238/http://www.mfi-upgrading-initiative.org/000001985b0d93482/00000198660ae2e07/032d539c050945b02/index.html |archive-date=3 June 2013 |access-date=25 September 2015 |website=MFI Upgrading and Rating Initiative of the Development Bank of Austria}}</ref> Okusobola okukendeeza ku kizibu kino, enkola ya mobile banking service M-Pesa yatandikibwawo mu 2007 Vodafone ne Safaricom, nga bakolera wamu okuva mu Financial Deepening Challenge Fund competition eyatandikibwawo ekitongole kya UK government's Department for International Development. M-Pesa esobozesa abagikozesa okuteekako ssente, okuggyayo ssente, okusindika ssente, okusasula ebintu n’obuweereza (Lipa na M-Pesa), okufuna looni n’okutereka, byonna nga bakozesa masimu,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Saylor |first=Michael |year=2012 |title=The Mobile Wave: How Mobile Intelligence Will Change Everything |url=https://archive.org/details/mobilewavehowmob0000sayl |publisher=Perseus Books/Vanguard Press |isbn=978-1593157203 |page=202; 304 |url-access=registration}}</ref> esobozesezza obukadde n’obukadde bw’Abakenya abali mu mbeera y’obwavu okufuna enkola za digito.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tavneet Suri, and |first=William Jack |date=2016 |title=The Long-run Poverty and Gender Impacts of Mobile Money |journal=Science |volume=354 |issue=6317 |pages=1288–1292 |bibcode=2016Sci...354.1288S |doi=10.1126/science.aah5309 |pmid=27940873 |s2cid=42992837}}</ref> == Ebibalo by'abantu == Okubala abantu okwakolebwa ekitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku kubala abantu ekya [[Kenya National Bureau of Statistics]] mu 2019 kwategeeza nti omuwendo gw'abantu mu Kenya guli 47,564,296.<ref name=":2" /> Eggwanga lirina abantu abakyali abato, nga ebitundu 73% ku batuuze bali wansi w'emyaka 30 olw'okweyongera kw'omuwendo gw'abantu okw'amangu,<ref>"[https://www.csmonitor.com/2008/0114/p17s01-wmgn.html Why a new president may slow population growth] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215203953/http://www.csmonitor.com/2008/0114/p17s01-wmgn.html|date=15 February 2009}}". ''The Christian Science Monitor''. 14 January 2008.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zinkina J. |last2=Korotayev A. |year=2014 |title=Explosive Population Growth in Tropical Africa: Crucial Omission in Development Forecasts (Emerging Risks and Way Out) |url=https://www.academia.edu/6823642 |url-status=live |journal=World Futures |volume=70 |issue=2 |pages=120–139 |citeseerx=10.1.1.691.8612 |doi=10.1080/02604027.2014.894868 |s2cid=53051943 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200646/https://www.academia.edu/6823642 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=11 January 2020}}</ref> okuva ku bukadde 2.9 okutuuka ku bantu 40 mu kyasa ekiyise.<ref>"[https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/17/opinion/17iht-edheinsohn.1.9292632.html Exploding population] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715084143/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/17/opinion/17iht-edheinsohn.1.9292632.html|date=15 July 2014}}". ''The New York Times''. 7 January 2008.</ref> Nairobi maka eri Kibera, ekimu ku bitundu ebisinga okubeeramu abantu abangi mu nsi yonna. Ekibuga kino kirimu obuyumba obubi ennyo kigambibwa okubeeramu abantu wakati wa 170,000<ref name="nation1">{{cite news|last=Karanja|first=Muchiri|date=3 September 2010|title=Myth shattered: Kibera numbers fail to add up|work=[[Daily Nation]]|url=http://www.nation.co.ke/News/Kibera%20numbers%20fail%20to%20add%20up/-/1056/1003404/-/13ga38xz/-/index.html|url-status=live|access-date=4 September 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206103830/https://www.nation.co.ke/News/Kibera%20numbers%20fail%20to%20add%20up/-/1056/1003404/-/13ga38xz/-/index.html|archive-date=6 December 2018}}</ref> ne 1,000,000.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 March 2010 |title=World Water Day Focus on Global Sewage Flood |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/03/100322/swimming-in-sewage-for-world-water-day/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120115082027/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/03/100322/swimming-in-sewage-for-world-water-day/ |archive-date=15 January 2012 |access-date=10 February 2012 |website=National Geographic}}</ref> Ekitebe kya UNHCR mu Dadaab mu Bukiikakkono kirimu abantu nga 500,000.<ref name="DadaabPop">[http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/search?page=search&docid=4e579df59&query=dadaab The UN Refugee Agency] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111223114925/http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/search?page=search&docid=4e579df59&query=dadaab|date=23 December 2011}}. Unhcr.org.</ref> '''Embu z'abantu''' Kenya erimu abantu ab'enjawulo abazingiramu abangi ku bika by'abantu ebikulu mu Afirika n'ennimi. Wadde nga tewali lukalala lwa butongole olw'ebika bya Bannakenya, omuwendo gw'ebika by'abantu n'ebibinja ebirala ebisengekeddwa mu kubala abantu mu ggwanga lino gukyuse nnyo mu bbanga, nga gweyongedde okuva ku 42 mu 1969 okutuuka ku 120 mu 2019.<ref name="Balaton-Chrimes2020">{{cite journal |last=Balaton-Chrimes |first=Samantha |year=2020 |title=Who are Kenya's 42(+) tribes? The census and the political utility of magical uncertainty |journal=Journal of Eastern African Studies |volume=15 |pages=43–62 |doi=10.1080/17531055.2020.1863642 |issn=1753-1055 |s2cid=231681524 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abatuuze abasinga ba Bantus (60%) oba Nilotes (30%).<ref name="Asongumarr">{{cite book |last1=Asongu, J.J. |year=2007 |title=Doing Business Abroad: A Handbook for Expatriates |last2=Marr, Marvee |publisher=Greenview Publishing Co. |isbn=978-0-9797976-3-7 |pages=12, 112}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu kika kya Cushitic nabo bakola akatundu katono ku bantu abasinga obutono, nga bwe kiri ku Bawalabu, Abayindi, n'Abazungu.<ref name="Asongumarr" /><ref name="Okothndaloh">{{cite book |title=Peak Revision K.C.P.E. Social Studies |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=bfT2njyPThgC|page=60}} |publisher=East African Publishers |isbn=9789966254504}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku kubala emiwendo gy'abantu ekya Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS), amawanga agaali gasinga obunene mu 2019 gaali Kikuyu (8,148,668), Luhya (6,823,842), Kalenjin (6,358,113), Luo (5,066,966), Kamba (4,663,910), Somali (2,780,502), Kisii (2,703,235), Mijikenda (2,488,691), Meru (1,975,869), Maasai (1,189,522), ne Turkana (1,016,174). Ekitundu ky'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Kenya, ekyali kimanyiddwa nga NFD, kisingamu Basomali. Abantu abava mu mawanga amalala mulimu Abawalabu, Abaasiya, n’Abazungu. '''Ennimi''' Amawanga ga Kenya gatera okwogera ennimi zaabwe ez'obuzaaliranwa mu bitundu byabwe. Ennimi ebbiri ezikozesebwa mu butongole, Olungereza n'Oluswayiri, zikozesebwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo okuwuliziganya n'abantu abalala. Olungereza lusinga kwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi, mu masomero, ne mu gavumenti.<ref name="Cugrwed">{{cite book |last=Proquest Info & Learning (COR) |year=2009 |title=Culturegrams: World Edition |isbn=978-0-9778091-6-5 |page=98}}</ref> Abantu ababeera okumpi n'ebibuga ne mu byalo tebatera kwogera nnimi nnyingi, ng'abasinga mu byalo boogera nnimi zaabwe ez'obuzaaliranwa zokka.<ref name="Broassim">{{cite book |last1=Brown, E.K. |year=2006 |title=Encyclopedia of language & linguistics, Volume 1, Edition 2 |last2=Asher, R.E. |last3=Simpson, J.M.Y. |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-0-08-044299-0 |page=181}}</ref> Olungereza olw'Abangereza lusinga kukozesebwa mu Kenya. Okwongereza ku ekyo, olulimi olw'omu kitundu olw'enjawulo, Olungereza olw'omu Kenya, lukozesebwa ebitundu ebimu mu ggwanga, era lulimu ebintu eby'enjawulo ebyava mu nnimi z'Abantu ab'omu kitundu nga Kiswahili ne Kikuyu.<ref name="Cliike">{{cite web |last=Nyaggah |first=Lynette Behm |title=Cross-linguistic influence in Kenyan English: The impact of Swahili and Kikuyu on syntax |url=http://phdtree.org/pdf/24677752-cross-linguistic-influence-in-kenyan-english-the-impact-of-swahili-and-kikuyu-on-syntax/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226102504/http://phdtree.org/pdf/24677752-cross-linguistic-influence-in-kenyan-english-the-impact-of-swahili-and-kikuyu-on-syntax/ |archive-date=26 December 2016 |access-date=8 August 2014 |publisher=University of California}}</ref> Lwali lukulaakulana okuva mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale era lulimu ebintu ebimu ebiri mu Lungereza olw'omu Amerika. Lubadde lukulaakulana okuva mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale era lulimu n'ebintu ebimu ebiri mu Lungereza lwa Amerika. Mu Gwoluberyeberye 2026, Kenya yali ku kifo kya 3 mu nsi ezisinga okwogera Olungereza mu Afirika emabega wa South Africa ne Zimbabwe era yali ku kifo kya 9 mu nsi yonna okusinziira ku English Proficiency Index (2025). Sheng lwe lulimi olw'esigamiziddwa ku Kiswahili olwogerwa mu bitundu ebimu eby'omu bibuga. Okusingira ddala nga lwe lufaanana nga Swahili n'Olungereza, kyakulabirako kya kukyusa mu nnimi.<ref name="Nphil">{{Cite book |last=Derek Nurse |first=Gérard Philippson |date=2006 |title=Bantu Languages |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M8cHBAAAQBAJ |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-79683-9 |page=197 |access-date=20 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803182122/https://books.google.com/books?id=M8cHBAAAQBAJ |archive-date=3 August 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ennimi 69 ze zoogerwa mu Kenya. Ennimi ezisinga obungi ziva mu nnimi bbiri ennene: Niger-Congo (ettabi ly'aba Bantu) ne Nilo-Saharan (Nilotic branch), ezoogerwa abantu ab'omu Kenya ab'omu mawanga ga Bantu ne Nilotic. Abantu abatono ab'omu Cushitic ne Arab boogera ennimi eziva mu Afroasiatic family, ate abantu abava mu Buyindi n'abazungu boogera ennimi eziva mu Indo-European family.<ref name="Ethnken">[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=KE Languages of Kenya] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121123235120/http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=KE|date=23 November 2012}}. Ethnologue.com.</ref> '''Eddiini''' Abakennya abasinga bakkiriza (85.5%), nga 33.4% Bapolotesitante, 20.6% Bakatoliki ate 20.4% Banzikiriza y'ekivangeliko. Ekkereziya y'Abakatoliki y'ekkanisa y'Abakkiriza esinga obunene mu Kenya, ng'erina abantu abawera obukadde 10.<ref name="Cugrwed" /> Ekkanisa ya Presbyterian Church of East Africa erina abagoberezi obukadde busatu mu Kenya ne mu nsi eziriraanyeewo..<ref>[http://www.reformiert-online.net/adressen/detail.php?id=1390&lg=eng Address data base of Reformed churches and institutions] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403024055/http://www.reformiert-online.net/adressen/detail.php?id=1390&lg=eng|date=3 April 2013}}. Reformiert-online.net. Retrieved 16 April 2013.</ref> Waliwo amakanisa amatono aga conservative Reformed churches, Africa Evangelical Presbyterian Church,<ref>{{Deprecated archive|url=https://archive.today/20130416052147/http://www.wrfnet.org/c/portal/layout?p_l_id=PUB.1.24&p_p_id=62_INSTANCE_119G&p_p_action=0&p_p_state=maximized&p_p_mode=view&p_p_col_id=&p_p_col_pos=0&p_p_col_count=0&_62_INSTANCE_119G_struts_action=/journal_articles/view&_62_INSTANCE_119G_groupId=1&_62_INSTANCE_119G_articleId=479&_62_INSTANCE_119G_version=1.0|title=The World Reformed Fellowship – Promoting Reformed Partnerships Worldwide – News}}. Wrfnet.org. Retrieved 16 April 2013.</ref> Independent Presbyterian Church in Kenya, ne Reformed Church of East Africa. Obukristaayo obw'Abasodokisi bulina abagoberezi 621,200.<ref>{{cite web |date=3 February 2008 |title=Kenya |url=http://www.oikoumene.org/en/member-churches/regions/africa/kenya.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080311215546/http://www.oikoumene.org/en/member-churches/regions/africa/kenya.html |archive-date=11 March 2008 |access-date=26 February 2013 |publisher=Oikoumene.org}}</ref> Kenya y'esinga okubaamu Abakwakka mu nsi yonna, ng'erina Abakwakka nga 146,300.<ref>{{cite web |last=Samuel |first=Bill |title=World Distribution of Quakers, 2012 – QuakerInfo.com |url=http://www.quakerinfo.com/memb2012.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190117115311/http://www.quakerinfo.com/memb2012.shtml |archive-date=17 January 2019 |access-date=24 December 2018 |website=quakerinfo.com}}</ref> Essinzizo ly'Abayudaaya lyokka mu ggwanga liri mu Nairobi. Obusiraamu ddiini ey'okubiri mu bunene, ng'erimu ebitundu 11% eby'abantu. Abasiraamu 60% mu Kenya babeera mu Coastal Region, erimu ebitundu 50% eby'abantu bonna ababeerayo, so ng'ate ekitundu ekya waggulu eky'Ebuvanjuba bwa Kenya kirimu Abasiraamu 10% ab'eggwanga, gye bali ng'ekibiina ky'eddiini ekisinga obunene.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2008 |title=Kenya: International Religious Freedom Report 2008 |url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2008/108374.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419081919/http://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2008/108374.htm |archive-date=19 April 2010 |access-date=16 April 2010 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> Eddiini z'ekinnansi zikolebwa ebitundu 0.7% eby'abantu, wadde ng'Abakristaayo n'Abasiraamu bangi abeeyita bwe batyo bakuuma enzikiriza n'obulombolombo obumu obw'ekinnansi. Abantu abatalina ddiini mu Kenya bali ebitundu 1.6% eby'abantu.<ref name="Cugrwed" /> Abahindu abamu nabo babeera mu Kenya. Omuwendo gubalirirwa okubeera nga guli 60,287, oba ebitundu 0.13% eby'abantu bonna.<ref name="Cugrwed" /> '''Eby'obulamu''' Eby'obulamu kimu ku bitongole ebitali bya nkizo nnyo mu Kenya era byaweebwa ebitundu 4.8% ebya bajeti y'eggwanga mu 2019/2020 oba ebitundu 4.59% ebya GDP bw'ogeraageranya n'ebitongole ebirala ebya nkizo ennyo nga eby'enjigiriza ebyaweebwa ebitundu ebisukka mu 25%. Kino kiri wansi w'ebitundu 4.98% ebya bulijjo mu Sub-Saharan Africa ne 9.83% ebyasaasaanyizibwako mu nsi yonna. Okusinziira ku kwekenneenya kw'embalirira y'ebyobulamu eya National and County Health Budget Analysis FY 2020/21, ennyonyolwa ensaasaanya y'ebyobulamu ku mutendera gw'Essaza ng'eri ku bitundu 58% ku Policy Planning and Administrative Support Services, 28% ku Curative and Rehabilitative Health Services, 8% ku Preventive and Promotive Health Services ne 7% ku pulogulaamu endala. Obujjanjabi busasulirwa nnyo bantu ssekinnoomu n'ab'omu maka gaabwe oba abakozesa nga bayita mu kusasula obutereevu abasawo, mu nkola emanyikiddwa nga National Health Insurance Fund oba eri kampuni za yinsuwa z'ebyobujjanjabi. Okusasulirwa okulala kuva mu bitundu, ebweru w'eggwanga n'enteekateeka za gavumenti ezimu ez'okulabirira abantu. Amalwaliro gabaamu ebisale by'obujjanjabi era nga gakola ssente nnyingi eziva mu ggwanga ne mu gavumenti z'ebitundu ne zifuula amalwaliro gano okubeera ag'ebyobufuzi era ag'obuli bw'enguzi.<ref>{{citation|title=Sectoral Perspectives on Corruption in Kenya: The Case of Public Health Care Delivery|date=February 2010|url=https://eacc.go.ke/default/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/health-report.pdf|access-date=16 February 2023|publisher=Kenya Anti-Corruption Commission|archive-date=19 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119100332/https://eacc.go.ke/default/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/health-report.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Amalwaliro ag'obwannannyini ga njawulo, gakyukakyuka nnyo, era mazibu okuteeka mu biti/, obutafaananako n'amalwaliro ga gavumenti, agasobola okuteekebwa mu biti omuli obujjanjabi obusookerwako (omutendera I) obukolebwa abasawo b'ebyalo; amaduuka agatunda eddagala (ebifo eby'omutendera II), ebikolebwa abasawo; amalwaliro (ebifo eby'omutendera III), ebikolebwa abasawo abakugu; amalwaliro ga sub-county (ebifo eby'omutendera IV), ebiyinza okukolebwa abasawo abakugu oba abasawo abakugu; amalwaliro g'Essaza (ebifo eby'omutendera V), ebiyinza okukolebwa abasawo abakugu; n'amalwaliro ag'eggwanga amanene (ebifo eby'omutendera VI), ebiyinza okukolebwa abasawo abakugu mu bujjuvu. Ba nnansi be bantu abasinga obungi mu baweereza abali ku mwanjo mu by'obulamu mu bitongole byonna, nga baddirirwa abakozi b'omu ddwaliro, abasawo abakugu, n’abo abasoma obusawo. Bano baweebwa emirimu mu buweereza bwa gavumenti okusinziira ku nteekateeka y’emirimu gy’abasawo (2014), Enkyukakyuka mu nteekateeka y’emirimu gy’abasawo (2020) ne Enkyukakyuka mu nteekateeka y’emirimu gy’abasawo n’abasawo b’amannyo (2016). Abasawo b'ekinnansi (abakugu mu ddagala ly'ekinnansi, abasawo b'ekinnansi, n'abasawo b'enzikiriza) webali mu bungi, beesigika, era batera okwebuuzibwako ng'abasawo abasookerwako oba abasembayo okwebuuzibwako abantu ababeera mu byalo n'ababeera mu bibuga. Wadde nga waliwo ebintu bingi ebikoleddwa mu kisaawe ky'eby'obulamu, Kenya ekyalina okusoomoozebwa kungi. Okuteebereza okw’obulamu obusuubirwa okuwangaala kwalinnya mu 2009 okutuuka ku myaka nga 55 — emyaka etaano wansi w’omutindo gwa 1990.<ref>[http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/kenya_statistics.html#85 UNICEF Statistics: Kenya] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604143317/https://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/kenya_statistics.html#85|date=4 June 2019}}. Unicef.org.</ref> Omuwendo gw’abaana abafa nga bato gwali waggulu nnyo nga kumpi abaana 44 ku buli baana 1,000 be baafa mu 2012.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200802233410/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2091rank.html?countryName=Kenya&countryCode=ke&regionCode=afr&rank=53#ke Infant Mortality ranks] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802233410/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2091rank.html?countryName=Kenya&countryCode=ke&regionCode=afr&rank=53#ke|date=2 August 2020}}. ''The World Factbook''</ref> Ekitongole ky'ensi yonna ekivunanyizibwa ku by'obulamu mu ekya WHO kyateebereza mu 2011 nti ebitundu 42% byokka eby’abaana abaali bazaalibwa be baalabirirwa omukugu mu by'obulamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=WHO Health-Related Millennium Development Goals Report 2011 |url=https://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/EN_WHS2011_Part1.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617072744/http://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/EN_WHS2011_Part1.pdf |archive-date=17 June 2012}}</ref> Endwadde eziva ku bwavu zikwatagana butereevu n'engeri y'eby'enfuna by'eggwanga gye bikolamu n'okugabanya eby'obugagga: Mu 2015/16, Bannakenya ebitundu 35.6% baali babeera wansi w'omutindo gw'obwavu.<ref name="Poverty Incidence in Kenya">{{cite book |title=Poverty Incidence in Kenya Declined Significantly, but Unlikely to be Eradicated by 2030 |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/kenya/publication/kenya-economic-update-poverty-incidence-in-kenya-declined-significantly-but-unlikely-to-be-eradicated-by-2030 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162911/https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/kenya/publication/kenya-economic-update-poverty-incidence-in-kenya-declined-significantly-but-unlikely-to-be-eradicated-by-2030 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Endwadde eziziyizibwa nga omusujja gw'ensiri, akawuka akaleeta mukenenya, lubyamira, ekiddukano, n'endya embi bye bizibu ebisinga obunene, abatta abaana abangi, era ebiviirako abantu bangi okulwala; enkola embi, obuli bw'enguzi, abasawo abatamala, obukulembeze obunafu mu kitongole ky'ebyobulamu, bingi ebivunaanyizibwa. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2009, abantu abakulu abalina akawuka ka HIV/AIDS bali ebitundu 6.3% ku bantu bonna abakulu.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190329123741/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2155rank.html?countryName=Kenya&countryCode=ke&regionCode=afr&rank=11#ke CIA World Factbook: HIV/AIDS – Adult Prevalence Rate Rankings] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329123741/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2155rank.html?countryName=Kenya&countryCode=ke&regionCode=afr&rank=11#ke|date=29 March 2019}}. Cia.gov. Retrieved 23 April 2012.</ref> Kyokka, alipoota ya UNAIDS eya 2011 eraga nti ekizibu ky’akawuka ka HIV kiyinza okuba nga kigenda kikendeera mu Kenya, ng’abalina akawuka ka HIV bakendeera mu bavubuka (emyaka 15–24) ne mu bakyala abali embuto.<ref>[http://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/unaidspublication/2011/JC2216_WorldAIDSday_report_2011_en.pdf World AIDS Day Report 2011] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601011732/http://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/unaidspublication/2011/JC2216_WorldAIDSday_report_2011_en.pdf|date=1 June 2013}}. UNAIDS</ref> Kenya yalina abantu abateeberezebwa okuba obukadde 15 abaafuna omusujja gw’ensiri mu 2006.<ref>[https://www.who.int/malaria/publications/country-profiles/2009/mal2009_kenya_0025.pdf "Kenya"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228111430/http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/country-profiles/2009/mal2009_kenya_0025.pdf|date=28 February 2021}}, pp. 111–113 in ''World Malaria report 2009''. WHO.</ref> Akafuba bulwadde bwa maanyi eri eby'obulamu by’abantu. Omuntu omu alina akafuba mu Kenya alina obulwadde buno emirundi egisukka mu ena okusinga mu 1990 ne 2015.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Makori |first1=Linet |last2=Gichana |first2=Haggray |last3=Oyugi |first3=Elvis |last4=Nyale |first4=George |last5=Ransom |first5=James |date=2021 |title=Tuberculosis in an urban hospital setting: Descriptive epidemiology among patients at Kenyatta National Hospital TB clinic, Nairobi, Kenya |journal=International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences |volume=15 |doi=10.1016/j.ijans.2021.100308 |doi-access=free |article-number=100308}}</ref> Enjala mu Nsi Yonna ey'omwaka 2024 kyawa Kenya obubonero 25.0, nga kiraga nti obubi bw'enjala buli ku "ddala lya maanyi".<ref>{{cite web |title=Global Hunger Index Scores by 2024 GHI Rank |url=https://www.globalhungerindex.org/ranking.html |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=Global Hunger Index (GHI) – peer-reviewed annual publication designed to comprehensively measure and track hunger at the global, regional, and country levels}}</ref> '''Abakyala''' Omuwendo gw'abaana omukazi omu gw'azaala mu Kenya gwali gubalirirwa okuba abaana 4.49 buli mukazi mu 2012.<ref>{{cite web |title=IFs Forecast – Version 7.00 – Google Public Data Explorer |url=https://www.google.com/publicdata/explore?ds=n4ff2muj8bh2a_&ctype=l&strail=false&bcs=d&nselm=h&met_y=TFR&fdim_y=scenario:1&scale_y=lin&ind_y=false&rdim=world&idim=country:KE&ifdim=world&tstart=1106895600000&tend=2842498800000 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407115910/http://www.google.com/publicdata/explore?ds=n4ff2muj8bh2a_&ctype=l&strail=false&bcs=d&nselm=h&met_y=TFR&fdim_y=scenario:1&scale_y=lin&ind_y=false&rdim=world&idim=country:KE&ifdim=world&tstart=1106895600000&tend=2842498800000 |archive-date=7 April 2015 |access-date=15 February 2015}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwakolebwa gavumenti ya Kenya mu 2008–09, omuwendo gw'abaana omukazi omu gw'azaala gwali ebitundu 4.6% ate omuwendo gw'abakazi abakozesa enkola za kizaalaggumba gwali ebitundu 46%.<ref>[http://statistics.knbs.or.ke/nada/index.php/catalog/23 Kenya – Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2008–09] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102045335/http://statistics.knbs.or.ke/nada/index.php/catalog/23|date=2 January 2019}}. Kenya National Data Archive (KeNADA)</ref> Okufa kw'abakyala abazaala kuli waggulu, olw'okukomolebwa kw'abakyala,<ref name="lcweb2.loc.gov4">{{cite web |date=June 2007 |title=Country Profile: Kenya |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Kenya.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505051609/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Kenya.pdf |archive-date=5 May 2015 |access-date=23 April 2011 |website=Federal Research Division |publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref> nga kumpi ebitundu 27% ku bakyala baakikola.<ref>{{cite web |title=WHO – Female genital mutilation and other harmful practices |url=https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/fgm/prevalence/en/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101029201427/http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/fgm/prevalence/en/ |archive-date=29 October 2010 |access-date=15 February 2015}}</ref> Kyokka, ekikolwa kino kikendedde ng'eggwanga lyeyongera okukulaakulana, era mu 2011 kyawerebwa mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite news |last=Boseley |first=Sarah |date=8 September 2011 |title=FGM: Kenya acts against unkindest cut |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/sarah-boseley-global-health/2011/sep/08/women-africa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170617091857/https://www.theguardian.com/society/sarah-boseley-global-health/2011/sep/08/women-africa |archive-date=17 June 2017 |access-date=7 January 2012 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Abakazi baaweebwa amaanyi n'omwagaanya mu by'enfuna nga tebannafugibwa bafuzi b'amatwale. Okuyita mu kugabana ettaka, abakazi baafiirwa obusobozi bw'okufuna n'okufuga ettaka.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |title=Women's participation in the kenyan society |url=http://www.cipe.org/essay/Women's%20participation%20in%20Kenyan%20Society%20-%20Claris%20Kariuki.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110111134944/http://www.cipe.org/essay/Women%27s%20participation%20in%20Kenyan%20Society%20-%20Claris%20Kariuki.pdf |archive-date=11 January 2011 |access-date=2 February 2018 |website=Center for International Private Enterprise}}</ref> Baafuuka ba maanyi mu by'enfuna nga beesigama ku basajja.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> Enteekateeka y'ekikula ky'abantu ey'amatwale yajjawo nga abasajja babuutikira abakazi.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> Emyaka egiri wakati w'obufumbo obusooka gyeyongera n'okweyongera mu by'enjigiriza.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Demographic and Health Survey 2014 |url=https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/fr308/fr308.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403000621/https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/fr308/fr308.pdf |archive-date=3 April 2019 |access-date=2 February 2018 |website=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> Okukabasanya n'okukaka omukwano, okusobya ku baana abatanneetuuka, n'okukuba tebitera kulabibwa nga misango gya maanyi.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |title=MAKING JUSTICE WORK FOR WOMEN Kenya Country Report |url=https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au//bitstream/2123/15632/2/Kenya%20Summary.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203005725/https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au//bitstream/2123/15632/2/Kenya%20Summary.pdf |archive-date=3 February 2018 |access-date=2 February 2018 |website=Sydney eScholarship Repository}}</ref> Alipoota ezikwata ku kutulugunyizibwa oba okukabasanya tezitera kutwalibwa nga nkulu.<ref name="auto2" /> '''Abavubuka''' Akawayiro 260 mu Ssemateeka wa Kenya owa 2010 kannyonnyola abavubuka ng’abo abali wakati w’emyaka 18 ne 34.<ref>{{cite web |title=Const2010 |url=http://www.kenyalaw.org/lex/actview.xql?actid=Const2010#KE/CON/Const2010/chap_16 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180607042248/http://www.kenyalaw.org/lex/actview.xql?actid=Const2010#KE/CON/Const2010/chap_16 |archive-date=7 June 2018 |access-date=2022-02-25 |website=kenyalaw.org}}</ref> Okusinziira ku bibalo by’omuwendo gw’abantu n’okubala abantu okwa 2019, ebitundu 75 ku buli kikumi ku bantu obukadde 47.6 bali wansi w’emyaka 35, ekifuula Kenya eggwanga ly’abavubuka.<ref>{{cite web |date=2020-02-21 |title=Out of 47.6 million Kenyans, 35.7 million are under the age of 35 |url=https://www.citizen.digital/news/out-of-47-6-million-kenyans-35-7-million-are-under-the-age-of-35-323822 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207193147/https://www.citizen.digital/news/out-of-47-6-million-kenyans-35-7-million-are-under-the-age-of-35-323822 |archive-date=7 February 2022 |access-date=2022-02-25 |website=Citizen Digital}}</ref> Ebbula ly’emirimu mu bavubuka n’okukola emirimu egitasasula bulungi mu Kenya kifuuse ekizibu.<ref name="auto3">{{cite web |last=D.G |first=Kabata |title=Why youth unemployment problem require more than a strait jacket solution |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/letters/article/2001391660/youth-unemployment-puzzle-requires-innovative-solutions |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225160550/https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/letters/article/2001391660/youth-unemployment-puzzle-requires-innovative-solutions |archive-date=25 February 2022 |access-date=2022-02-25 |website=The Standard}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kitongole ekivunanyizibwa ku kubala abantu mu Kenya ekya Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS), abantu nga 1.7 baafiirwa emirimu gyabwe olw’ekirwadde kya COVID-19, ekyaggyawo emirimu egimu egitawandiisiddwa era ne kireetera eby'enfuna okukendeera.<ref name="auto3" /> Gavumenti ya Kenya etaddewo enkola okukwasaganya ensonga y'ebbula ly'emirimu mu bavubuka ng'eteeka mu nkola enteekateeka ez'enjawulo ez'okuyamba abantu n'enteekateeka ez'enjawulo omuli: National Youth Service, The National Youth Enterprise Development Fund,<ref>{{cite web |title=Youth Enterprise Development Fund |url=http://www.youthfund.go.ke/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316024321/https://www.youthfund.go.ke/ |archive-date=16 March 2022 |access-date=2022-02-25 |language=en-US}}</ref> The Women Enterprise Fund,<ref>{{cite web |title=Women Enterprise Fund – Kenya – 50 Million African Women Speak |url=https://www.womenconnect.org/web/kenya/access-to-capital/-/asset_publisher/H9h9sCCMQ8ue/content/women-enterprise-fu-3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225160553/https://www.womenconnect.org/web/kenya/access-to-capital/-/asset_publisher/H9h9sCCMQ8ue/content/women-enterprise-fu-3 |archive-date=25 February 2022 |access-date=2022-02-25 |website=womenconnect.org}}</ref> ''Kazi Mtaani, Ajira Digital, Kikao Mtaani'',<ref>{{cite web |title=Kikao Mtaani |url=https://youth.go.ke/kikao-3/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225160553/https://youth.go.ke/kikao-3/ |archive-date=25 February 2022 |access-date=2022-02-25 |website=youth.go.ke |language=en-US}}</ref> ''Uwezo fund'',<ref>{{cite web |title=The Uwezo Fund – A flagship programme for vision 2030 |url=https://www.uwezo.go.ke/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225160553/https://www.uwezo.go.ke/ |archive-date=25 February 2022 |access-date=2022-02-25 |language=en-US}}</ref> ''Future Bora''<ref>{{cite web |title=Home {{!}} Future Bora Innovation Challenge |url=https://www.futurebora.go.ke/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225162053/https://www.futurebora.go.ke/ |archive-date=25 February 2022 |access-date=2022-02-25 |website=Future Bora}}</ref> ne ''Studio mashinani''<ref>{{cite web |last=PLC |first=Standard Group |title=studio mashinani |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/topic/studio-mashinani |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225160551/https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/topic/studio-mashinani |archive-date=25 February 2022 |access-date=2022-02-25 |website=The Standard}}</ref> ezizzaamu abavubuka amaanyi, okubawa emirimu n'okutumbula omutindo gw'obulamu bw'omuntu. '''Eby'enjigiriza''' [[File:MSc student at Kenyatta University.jpg|thumb|Omuyizi w'obusawo mu Yunivasite ys Kenyatta mu Nairobi]] Abaana basomera mu masomero ga nasale oba aga kindergarten ag'obwannannyini, okutuusa nga bawezezza emyaka etaano. Kino kimala emwaka gumu okutuuka ku esatu (KG1, KG2 ne KG3) era kisasulirwa bantu kinnoomu kubanga tewabangawo tteeka lya gavumenti ku kusomesa abaana abatanneetuuka okutuusa gye buvuddeko.<ref>{{cite web |last=Reporter |first=Standard |title=Government to review Early Childhood Development policy |url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2000188257/government-to-review-early-childhood-development-policy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822022539/http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2000188257/government-to-review-early-childhood-development-policy |archive-date=22 August 2016 |access-date=23 June 2016 |website=Standard Digital News}}</ref> Okusoma okwa bulijjo kutandika ku myaka mukaaga era kumala emyaka 12, nga mulimu emyaka munaana mu pulayimale n’ena mu sekendule. Essomero lya pulayimale lya bwereere mu masomero ga gavumenti era abo abalisomeramu basobola okwegatta ku matendekero g’ebyemikono aga youth/village polytechnic, oba okukola enteekateeka zaabwe ku lwabwe ez’okutendekebwa mu mirimu egy’enjawulo ne bayiga emirimu nga okutunga, okubajja, okukanika emmotoka, okukuba amatoffaali n’okuzimba okumala emyaka nga ebiri.<ref name=":22">{{cite web |title=Primary School Education in Kenya |url=http://kenyapage.net/education/primary.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170412165404/http://kenyapage.net/education/primary.html |archive-date=12 April 2017 |access-date=10 June 2016 |website=kenyapage.net}}</ref> Abo abamaliriza siniya basobola okuyingira mu matendekero ga politekiniki oba amatendekero amalala ag'ebyemikono ne basomera emyaka esatu, oba okugenda butereevu ku ssettendekero ne basomera emyaka ena. Abamaliriza okuva mu matendekero ga politekiniki ne mu matendekero amalala basobola okuyingira mu mirimu n'oluvannyuma ne bafuna dipulooma ey'enjawulo oluvannyuma lw'okwongerako omwaka gumu oba ebiri ogw'okutendekebwa, oba okugenda ku ssettendekero—nga mu mwaka ogw'okubiri oba ogw'okusatu ogw'essomo lyabwe eribabeeramu. Dipulooma ey'awaggulu ekkirizibwa abakozesa bangi mu kifo kya diguli eya bachelor's era okuyingira butereevu oba okwanguyirwa okugenda mu misomo egya waggulu kisoboka mu ssettendekero ezimu. [[File:Masai girl at school doing maths.jpg|thumb|Omuwala omu Masai ku ssomero]] Ssettendekero za gavumenti mu Kenya zafuuka z'ansimbi era zitunda nnyo era batono nnyo ku abo abamalirizza emisomo gyabwe mu siniya abakkirizibwa okusomera ku sikaala za gavumenti mu pulogulaamu ze baagala. Abasinga bakkirizibwa mu bya ssaayansi ezikwata ku bantu, ezitwala ssente entono okuddukanya, oba ng'abayizi abeeteeseteese okusasulira ddala ebisale by'okusoma kwabwe. Abayizi abasinga abatuukiriza ebisaanyizo naye ne balemererwa okufuna ebifo basalawo okusoma dipulooma ez'omutendera ogwa wakati mu ssettendekero za gavumenti oba ez'obwannannyini, amatendekero, ne mu matendekero ga politekiniki. Mu 2018, ebitundu 18.5 ku buli kikumi eby'abantu abakulu mu Kenya baali tebamanyi kusoma na kuwandiika, era nga guno gwe gwali omuwendo ogusinga obunene ogw'abantu abasobola okusoma n'okuwandiika mu East Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) – Kenya {{!}} Data |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.LITR.ZS?locations=KE |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128112128/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.LITR.ZS?locations=KE |archive-date=28 January 2021 |access-date=2021-01-22 |website=data.worldbank.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) – Sub-Saharan Africa {{!}} Data |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.LITR.ZS?locations=ZG&most_recent_value_desc=false |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416224534/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.LITR.ZS?locations=ZG&most_recent_value_desc=false |archive-date=16 April 2021 |access-date=2021-01-22 |website=data.worldbank.org}}</ref> Waliwo enjawulo ennene mu bitundu: okugeza, Nairobi yalina omutindo gw'okusoma n'okuwandiika ogusinga obunene nga guli ku bitundu 87.1 ku buli kikumi, bw'ogeraageranya n'Essaza ly'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, eryali lisembayo wansi, ku bitundu 8.0 ku buli kikumi. Preschool, ekiruubirira abaana okuva ku myaka esatu okutuuka ku etaano, kitundu kikulu mu nkola y'ebyenjigiriza era kye kyetaagisa okuyingira mu Standard One (First Grade). Ku nkomerero y'okusoma kwa pulayimale, abayizi batuula ebigezo bya Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (KCPE), ekisalawo abo abagenda mu siniya oba okutendekebwa mu by'emikono. Ebiva mu bigezo bino byetaagisa okusobola okusindikibwa mu siniya.<ref name=":23">{{cite web |title=Primary School Education in Kenya |url=http://kenyapage.net/education/primary.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170412165404/http://kenyapage.net/education/primary.html |archive-date=12 April 2017 |access-date=10 June 2016 |website=kenyapage.net}}</ref> Essomero lya pulayimale lya bayizi abali wakati w'emyaka 6/7-13/14. Abo abagenda mu siniya, waliwo ebigezo by'eggwanga lyonna ku nkomerero ya siniya Ey'okuna – Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE), ekisalawo abo abagenda mu yunivasite, okutendekebwa okulala okw'ekikugu, oba emirimu. Abayizi batuula ebigezo mu masomo munaana ge balonze. Kyokka, Olungereza, Kiswahili, n'okubala bye masomo ag'obuwaze. Ekitongole kya Kenya Universities and Colleges Central Placement Service (KUCCPS), ekyali ekiyitibwa Joint Admissions Board (JAB), kye kivunaanyizibwa ku kulonda abayizi abayingira mu yunivasite za gavumenti. Ng'oggyeeko amasomero ga gavumenti, waliwo amasomero mangi ag'obwannannyini, okusingira ddala mu bitundu by'ebibuga. Mu ngeri y'emu, waliwo amasomero mangi ag'ensi yonna agakola ku nkola z'ebyenjigiriza ez'enjawulo ez'ensi z'ebweru. Kenya yali mu kifo kya 102 mu Global Innovation Index mu 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=GII Innovation Ecosystems & Data Explorer 2025 |url=https://www.wipo.int/gii-ranking/en/kenya |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=WIPO}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Dutta |first=Soumitra |year=2025 |title=Global Innovation Index 2025: Innovation at a Crossroads |url=https://www.wipo.int/web-publications/global-innovation-index-2025/en/index.html |last2=Lanvin |first2=Bruno |publisher=[[World Intellectual Property Organization]] |isbn=978-92-805-3797-0 |page=19 |doi=10.34667/tind.58864 |access-date=2025-10-17}}</ref> == Obuwangwa == Obuwangwa bwa Kenya buzingiramu obulombolombo obw'enjawulo okuva mu mawanga 42 (+).[1] Kenya terina buwangwa bumanyiddwa nnyo. Wabula elimu obuwangwa obw'enjawulo mu bitundu eby'enjawulo. Abantu abamanyiddwa ennyo mulimu Abaswayiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja, abantu abalala ab'ekika kya Bantu mu bitundu bya wakati ne mu Bugwanjuba, n'abantu ab'ekika kya Nilotic mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba. Obuwangwa bw'Abamaasai bumanyiddwa nnyo mu by'obulambuzi, wadde nga bantu batono nnyo mu bantu abali mu Kenya. Bamanyiddwa olw'okwesiiga n'okwambala eby'omuwendo eby'okwewunda. Kenya erina ennyimba, ttivvi, n'ebifo ebisanyukirwamu bingi. '''Ebiwandiiko''' [[File:Nation media house.jpg|thumb|Ekitebe kya Nation Media House ekikulembera Nation Media Group]] [[File:Ngugi wa Thiong'o - Festivaletteratura 2012.JPG|thumb|Omuwandiisi Munnakenya [[:en:Ngũgĩ_wa_Thiong'o|Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]]]] [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] y'omu ku bawandiisi ba Kenya abasinga okumanyibwa. Ekitabo kye ''Weep Not'', Child kiraga obulamu mu Kenya mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bwa Bungereza. Emboozi eno eraga ebizibu bya Mau Mau ku bulamu bw'Abannakenya. Okugattika kw'ebigambo ebirimu—obufuzi bw'amatwale, okusoma, n'okwagala—kyayamba okukifuula kimu ku bitabo by'Abafirika ebisinga okumanyibwa. Akatabo ka [[M.G. Vassanji]] aka 2003 ''The In-Between World of Vikram Lall'' kaawangula ekirabo kya Giller Prize mu 2003. Kino kiwandiiko eky'ekikungu ak'Omunnakennya ow'obuzaale bw'Abayindi ne famire ye nga bwe bagezaako okumanyiira embeera z'ebyobufuzi ezikyukakyuka mu Kenya ey'amatwale n'oluvannyuma lw'amatwale. Okuva mu 2003, akatabo k'ebiwandiiko akayitibwa ''Kwani?'' kabadde kafulumya ebiwandiiko bya Bannakenya eby'omulembe guno. Kenya era ezimbye abawandiisi abapya abalina obusobozi obw'enjawulo nga Paul Kipchumba (Kipwendui, Kibiwott) abalaga endowooza ya Afirika yonna.<ref>{{cite book |date=3 December 2017 |title=Africa in China's 21st Century: In Search of a Strategy |publisher=Independently published |isbn=978-1973456803}}</ref> '''Ennyimba''' Kenya erina ennyimba ez'enjawulo ezimanyiddwa ennyo, okwongereza ku ngeri z'ennyimba ez'ekinnansi ez'enjawulo okusinziira ku njawulo y'ennimi ezisukka mu 40 ez'ebitundu.<ref>[http://www.wipo.int/wipo_magazine/en/2007/04/article_0001.html On the Beat – Tapping the Potential of Kenya's Music Industry] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103130711/http://www.wipo.int/wipo_magazine/en/2007/04/article_0001.html|date=3 November 2011}}, [[WIPO]] Magazine (July 2007).</ref> [[File:Juacali 1.jpg|thumb|Muyimbi Munnakenya amanyikiddwa ennyo]] Engoma ze zisinga okukozesebwa mu nnyimba za Kenya ezimanyiddwa ennyo. Ennyimba z'engoma ziba nzibu nnyo era zirimu ennyimba z'ekinnansi n'ezo ezireeteddwa okuva ebweru, naddala ez'ekika kya cavacha eza Congo. Ennyimba za Kenya ezimanyiddwa ennyo zitera okubaamu ennyimba ez'enjawulo ezikwatagana, era ennaku zino, waliwo n'ennyimba za gita eziwuniikiriza. Era waliwo abayimbi ba hip-hop abawera, omuli Jua Cali; ebibiina bya Afro-pop nga Sauti Sol; n'abayimbi abazannya ennyimba ez'ekinnansi nga Benga, nga Akothee. Ebigambo ebiri mu nnyimba zino bitera kubeera mu Luswayiri oba mu Lungereza. Waliwo n'ekintu ekirala ekigenda kyeyongera mu Lingala ekiggyibwa ku bayimbi b'omu Congo. Ebigambo era biwandiikibwa mu nnimi ennansi. Leediyo z'omu bibuga zitera kuwuliriza nnyimba za Lungereza zokka, wadde nga waliwo ne leediyo endala ezikozesa ennimi ennansi. Zilizopendwa kika kya nnyimba z'omu bibuga ezaakwatibwa mu myaka gya 1960, 70, ne 80 abayimbi nga Daudi Kabaka, Fadhili William, ne Sukuma Bin Ongaro, era nga zisinga kunyumirwa bantu abakulu—nga zaamanyibwa nnyo olw'okuweerezebwa ku mpewo za Kenya Broadcasting Corporation's Kiswahili service (edda eyayitibwanga Voice of Kenya oba VOK). Isukuti ge mazina ag'amaanyi agakolebwa ebika by'Abaluha ab'omu Luhya nga bakuba engoma ey'ekinnansi eyitibwa Isukuti ku mikolo mingi nga okuzaalibwa kw'omwana, obufumbo, oba okuziika. Amazina amalala ag'ennono mulimu Ohangla mu Balo, Nzele mu Bamiikenda, Mugithi mu Bakikuyu, ne Taarab mu Baswayiri. Kenya erina ennyimba z'eddiini ezilyowa emyoyo. Abayimbi b'ennyimba z'ekkanisa abamanyifu mu ggwanga mulimu ekibiina kya Kenyan Boys Choir. Ennyimba za benga zibadde zimanyiddwa okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1960, naddala mu kitundu ekiriraanye Ennyanja Nalubaale. Ekigambo ''benga'' oluusi kikozesebwa okutegeeza ekika kyonna eky'ennyimba za pop. Bass, guitar, n'okukuba ebivuga bye bintu ebitera okukozesebwa. '''Eby'emizannyo''' [[File:2012 Summer Olympics – Womens 5000 metres heat 1 - 1.jpg|thumb|Jepkosgei Kipyego ne Jepkemoi Cheruiyot mu mpaka za London Olympics 2012]] Kenya yeenyigira mu mizannyo mingi egy'enjawulo omuli cricket, okuvuga emmotoka z'empaka, omupiira, rugby, field hockey, n'ebikonde. Eggwanga limanyiddwa nnyo olw'obuwanguzi bwayo mu misinde egy'okwetooloola ekisaawe n'egy'okwetooloola ebbanga eddene, nga bulijjo libadde livaamu bannantameggwa mu mizannyo gya Olimpiki ne mu mizannyo gya Commonwealth Games mu misinde egy'enjawulo, naddala mu mita 800, 1,500, 3,000 steeplechase, 5,000, 10,000, n'emisinde mubuna byalo. Abaddusi ba Kenya (naddala Kalenjin), beeyongera okufuga ensi y'okudduka emisinde emiwanvu, wadde nga okuvuganya okuva e Morocco ne Ethiopia kukendeezezza obukulu buno. Abamu ku baddusi ba Kenya abamanyiddwa ennyo mulimu omuwanguzi w'empaka z'abakazi eza Boston Marathon emirundi ena era omuwanguzi w'ensi yonna emirundi ebiri [[Catherine Ndereba]], omuwanguzi w'ensi yonna ow'obudde bwa mita 800 [[David Rudisha]], eyaliko omuwanguzi w'ensi yonna mu misinde gy'okwetooloola ebyalo [[Paul Tergat]], ne [[John Ngugi]] eyawangula omudaali gwa zaabu mu misinde gya 5000m mu Olympics. Omuddusi wa Kenya asinga okuweebwa ebirabo ye [[Eliud Kipchoge]], eyawangula emidaali gya zaabu emirundi esatu mu Olympics era eyawangula emisinde gy'ensi yonna emirundi kkumi na gumu. Kenya yawangula emidaali mingi mu mizannyo gya Olimpiki egya Beijing nga baawangula emidaali gya: zaabu mukaaga, feeza nnya, ne kikomo nnya, ne kigifuula eggwanga lya Afirika erisinga okuba n'obuwanguzi mu mizannyo gya Olimpiki egya 2008. Abazannyi abapya baafuna ettutumu, gamba nga Pamela Jelimo, omuwanguzi w'omudaali gwa zaabu mu mmita 800 eyagenda mu maaso n'okuwangula IAAF Golden League jackpot, ne Samuel Wanjiru, eyawangula emisinde gy'abasajja egy'amubuna byalo. Kipchoge Keino eyawummula eyawangula Olimpiki ne Common Wealth Games yayamba okutandikawo obuwanguzi mu misinde mu myaka gya 1970 era n'agobererwa Henry Rono eyawangula Common Wealth Champion's spectacular string of world record performances. Gye buvuddeko awo, wabaddewo obutakkaanya mu baddusi b'omu Kenya, ng'abaddusi ba Kenya bangi baddukira mu mawanga amalala, okusingira ddala Bahrain ne Qatar.<ref name="IAAF">IAAF: {{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20130509091352/http://www.iaaf.net/mm/Document/imported/42196.pdf Changes of Allegiance 1998 to 2005]}}</ref> Minisitule y'ebyemizannyo mu Kenya egezezzaako okukomya okudduka mu mawanga, naye beeyongeddeyo, nga Bernard Lagat gwe basembyeyo, okusalawo okukiikirira Amerika.<ref name="IAAF" />Abaddusi ba Kenya abasinga obungi abadduka mu mawanga gaabwe baddukira mu mawanga malala, kiva ku nsonga za byanfuna oba ebyensimbi.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mynott |first=Adam |date=20 May 2005 |title=Kenya examines track star defections |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4566821.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417231056/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4566821.stm |archive-date=17 April 2016 |access-date=10 June 2016 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Okusalawo kwa gavumenti ya Kenya okussa omusolo ku nnyingiza y'abaddusi nakyo kiyinza okuba nga kye kibasindiikiriza.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 January 2014 |title=Furious Kenyans threaten to defect over taxes |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-athletics-kenya-taxes-idUSBREA0L1OM20140122 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805120245/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-athletics-kenya-taxes-idUSBREA0L1OM20140122 |archive-date=5 August 2016 |access-date=10 June 2016 |work=Reuters}}</ref> Abaddusi ba Kenya abasinga obungi abatasobola kuyitamu ku ttiimu y'eggwanga ey'amaanyi basanga obuzibu okuyitamu nga badduka ku ttiimu z'amawanga amalala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why the defections? |url=http://mobile.nation.co.ke/Sports/Why+the+defections/-/1951244/1957996/-/format/xhtml/-/hpgsnf/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818074600/http://mobile.nation.co.ke/Sports/Why+the+defections/-/1951244/1957996/-/format/xhtml/-/hpgsnf/-/index.html |archive-date=18 August 2016 |access-date=10 June 2016 |website=mobile.nation.co.ke}}</ref> [[File:David Rudisha Daegu 2011.jpg|thumb|Omuwanguzi w'emisinde gya mita 800, David Rudisha]] Kenya ebadde n'amaanyi mangi mu muzannyo gw'abakyala ogwa volleyball mu Afirika, nga kiraabu ne ttiimu y'eggwanga ziwangula empaka ez'enjawulo ku ssemazinga mu myaka ekkumi egiyise.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 June 2015 |title=Kenya women's volleyball caps three decades of excellence {{!}} Kenya Page Blog |url=http://kenyapage.net/commentary/kenya-sports-commentary/kenya-womens-volleyball-caps-four-decades-of-excellence/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160612121336/http://kenyapage.net/commentary/kenya-sports-commentary/kenya-womens-volleyball-caps-four-decades-of-excellence/ |archive-date=12 June 2016 |access-date=10 June 2016 |website=kenyapage.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 June 2015 |title=Volleyball: Champions Kenya Scoop Major Continental Awards {{!}} |url=http://www.chimpreports.com/volleyball-kenya-crowned-african-nations-champions/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803233901/http://www.chimpreports.com/volleyball-kenya-crowned-african-nations-champions/ |archive-date=3 August 2016 |access-date=10 June 2016 |website=chimpreports.com}}</ref> Ttiimu y'abakyala ezannye mu Olimpiki ne mu mpaka z'ensi yonna, wadde nga tebadde na buwanguzi bwa maanyi. Cricket gwe muzannyo omulala ogumanyiddwa ennyo, era nga gwe gusinga okuba n'obuwanguzi mu mizannyo gy'ebibinja. Kenya ezannye mu Cricket World Cup okuva mu 1996. Baakubaamu ezimu ku ttiimu ezisinga obulungi mu nsi era ne batuuka ku ddaala lya semi-finals mu mpaka za 2003. Baawangula World Cricket League Division 1 eyasooka eyali mu Nairobi era ne beetaba mu World T20. Era beetaba mu ICC Cricket World Cup 2011. Kapiteeni waabwe aliwo kati ye Rakep Patel.<ref>{{Cite web |title=:: Cricket Kenya |url=http://www.cricketkenya.co.ke/senior_men.php#&panel1-1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328200749/http://cricketkenya.co.ke/senior_men.php#&panel1-1 |archive-date=28 March 2016 |access-date=10 June 2016 |website=cricketkenya.co.ke}}</ref> [[File:Roshan Ali.jpg|thumb|Roshan Ali eyaliko omukuumi wa goolo ku ttiimu ya Kenya eya Hockey]] Rugby yeeyongera okumanyibwa, naddala n’empaka za Safari Sevens ezibaawo buli mwaka. Ttiimu ya Kenya eya Sevens yali mu kifo kya 9 mu IRB Sevens World Series mu sizoni ya 2006. Mu 2016, ttiimu yakuba Fiji mu mpaka za Singapore Sevens ez’akamalirizo, ekyaleetera Kenya okubeera eggwanga ery’okubiri mu Afirika oluvannyuma lwa South Africa okuwangula empaka za World Series.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 April 2016 |title=Kenya win Singapore Sevens title |url=http://www.supersport.com/rugby/sevens/news/160417/Kenya_win_Singapore_Sevens_title |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621175817/http://www.supersport.com/rugby/sevens/news/160417/Kenya_win_Singapore_Sevens_title |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=10 June 2016 |work=SuperSport}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Kenya beat Fiji to win their first Sevens World Series title |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-union/36067269 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420153557/http://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-union/36067269 |archive-date=20 April 2016 |access-date=10 June 2016 |work=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sport |first=Telegraph |date=17 April 2016 |title=HSBC World Rugby Sevens Series: Kenya shock Fiji and win maiden title in Singapore |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/rugby-sevens/2016/04/17/hsbc-world-rugby-sevens-series-kenya-shock-fiji-and-win-maiden-t/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160619110410/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/rugby-sevens/2016/04/17/hsbc-world-rugby-sevens-series-kenya-shock-fiji-and-win-maiden-t/ |archive-date=19 June 2016 |access-date=10 June 2016 |work=The Telegraph}}</ref> Kenya nayo yali eggwanga ery'amaanyi mu mupiira mu kitundu. Kyokka, obuyinza bwayo bukendedde olw'enkaayana mu kibiina ekyali kiddukanya omupiira mu kenya ekya Kenya Football Federation ekitakyaliwo,<ref>New Vision, 3 June 2004: [http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/30/364022 Wrangles land Kenya indefinite FIFA ban] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080110015009/http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/30/364022|date=10 January 2008}}</ref> ekiviiriddeko okugobebwa FIFA mu Gwokusatu 2007. Mu mpaka z'emmotoka ez'empaka, Kenya y'ewaka w'empaka za Safari Rally ezimanyiddwa mu nsi yonna, ezimanyiddwa ng'emu ku mpaka ezisinga okuba enzibu mu nsi yonna.<ref>The Auto Channel, 21 July 2001: [http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2001/07/22/025841.html FIA RALLY: Delecour takes points finish on Safari Rally debut] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071210095507/http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2001/07/22/025841.html|date=10 December 2007}}</ref> Empaka zino zaasooka kubaawo mu 1953, era zaali kitundu ku mpaka za World Rally Championship okumala emyaka mingi okutuusa lwe zaagibwamu oluvannyuma lw'empaka za 2002 olw'ebizibu by'ensimbi. Abamu ku bavuzi b'empaka z'emmotoka abasinga obulungi mu nsi yonna beenyigidde mu mpaka zino era ne baziwangula, gamba nga Björn Waldegård, Hannu Mikkola, Tommi Mäkinen, Shekhar Mehta, Carlos Sainz, ne Colin McRae. Empaka za Safari Rally zaakomawo mu mpaka za nsi yonna mu 2021, oluvannyuma lw'empaka za 2003–2019 okutegekebwa ng'ekitundu ku African Rally Championship. Nairobi etegeseeko emizannyo mingi egy'amaanyi ku ssemazinga, omuli empaka za FIBA Africa Championship 1993, ttiimu y'eggwanga ey'omupiira gw'ensero bwe yamalira mu bana abasooka, nga kino kye kyali ekisingayo obulungi okutuusa kati.<ref>[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/sid/2405/tid/312/_/1993_African_Championship_for_Men_/index.html 1993 FIBA Africa Championship for Men] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008174937/http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/sid/2405/tid/312/_/1993_African_Championship_for_Men_/index.html|date=8 October 2017}}, ARCHIVE.FIBA.COM. Retrieved 24 January 2016.</ref> Kenya nayo erina ttiimu yaayo ey'omuzannyo gwa ice hockey, eyitibwa Kenya Ice Lions.<ref>[https://www.nhl.com/news/color-of-hockey-kenya-ice-lions-ready-to-roar/c-316726578 Color of Hockey: Kenya Ice Lions ready to roar] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527112254/https://www.nhl.com/news/color-of-hockey-kenya-ice-lions-ready-to-roar/c-316726578|date=27 May 2022}} – [[NHL]]</ref> Ekisaawe kya ttiimu eno ekikulu kiyitibwa Solar Ice Rink ku Panari Sky Centre mu Nairobi,<ref>[https://www.iihf.com/en/news/18709/hockey-visit-to-kenya Hockey visit to Kenya] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527112254/https://www.iihf.com/en/news/18709/hockey-visit-to-kenya|date=27 May 2022}} – [[IIHF]]</ref><ref>[https://www.panarihotels.com/hotel-nairobi/ice-rink.html Solar Ice Rink] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707142634/http://panarihotels.com/hotel-nairobi/ice-rink.html|date=7 July 2022}} – The Panari Hotel</ref> nga kino kye kisaawe ky'omuzannyo guno eky'asooka era ekisinga obunene mu Afirika yonna.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 December 2005 |title=Kenyan skaters flock to East Africa's first ice rink |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2005-12-26-kenyan-skaters-flock-to-east-africas-first-ice-rink/ |website=The Mail & Guardian}}</ref> Ttiimu y'eggwanga ey'abasajja ey'omuzannyo gwa Hockey yali emu ku ttiimu ezisinga mu nsi mu myaka gya 1960 ne 1970. Kenya yali mu kifo kyamukaaga mu mpaka za Summer Olympics hockey ez'omu 1964 ate mu 1971 yali mu kifo kya kuna mu mpaka z'abasajja eza FIH Hockey World Cup. '''Emmere yaabwe''' [[File:Ugali & Sukuma Wiki.jpg|thumb|Ugali ne Sukuma wiki emu ku emmere esinga okulibwa mu kenya]] Bannakenya okutwaliza awamu balya emirundi esatu olunaku—ekyenkya (kiamsha kinywa), ekyemisana (chakula cha mchana), n'ekyeggulo (chakula cha jioni oba simply chajio). Mu makkati, banywa caayi ow'essaawa 10 (chai ya saa nne) ne caayi ow'essaawa 10 ez'olweggulo (chai ya saa kumi). Ekyenkya kitera kuba caayi oba obuugi n'omugaati, chapati, mahamri, lumonde omufumbe, oba amayuuni. Githeri mmere ya bulijjo eliibwa nga eky'emisana mu maka agawerako, so nga ate Ugali n'enva endiirwa, amata (mursik), ennyama, eby'ennyanja, oba enva endala zitera kuliibwa abantu abasinga obungi nga ky'emisana oba eky'eggulo. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Kenya, mu bantu abayitibwa Luo, eby'ennyanja kye kijjulo ekisinga okuliibwa; mu bantu abayitibwa Kalenjin, abasinga obungi mu kitundu kya Rift Valley Region, mursik—amata kye ky'okunywa ekisinga okunywebwa. Cheese afuuse wa ttutumu mu Kenya, ng'okugirya kweyongedde naddala mu bantu ab'omutendera ogw'okubiri.<ref>[http://www.africanews.com/2016/09/04/kenyans-are-gradually-loving-cheese/ Kenyans are gradually loving cheese] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114041844/http://www.africanews.com/2016/09/04/kenyans-are-gradually-loving-cheese/|date=14 November 2017}}, africanews.com, 4 September 2016.</ref><ref>[https://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/entrepreneur-grows-her-hobby-into-a-successful-cheese-making-business/ Entrepreneur grows her hobby into a successful cheese making business] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114040913/https://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/entrepreneur-grows-her-hobby-into-a-successful-cheese-making-business/|date=14 November 2017}}, howwemadeitinafrica.com, 23 August 2013.</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Amawanga ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] * [[Olukalala lw'amasaza ga Kenya]] * [[Olukalala lw'aBannakenya]] * Enkolagana ya Kenya n'amawanga amalala * Okubunyisa amazzi mu Kenya n'obuyonjo == Ebijuliziddwa == [[be-x-old:Кенія]] [[na:Kenya]] [[nah:Quenia]] [[nv:Kénya]] [[roa-rup:Kenia]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga ag'etaba mu mpaka za Commonwealth]] [[xal:Кенимудин Орн]] 2d3ue66jta0b0j9qccc7uxqgoh5cfur 0 3737 66815 46871 2026-08-05T18:56:59Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66815 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ebola virus disease''' ('''EVD''') oba '''Ebola hemorrhagic fever''' ('''EHF''') bwe bulwadde obuluma abantu nga buleetebwa akawuka ka ebola.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Obubonero bweyolekera wakati w'ennaku bbiri ne wiiki ssatu oluvannyuma lw'okulumbibwa akawuka akaleeta obulwadde buno, butandika n'ekifuba ekikalu, [[Myalgia|okulumizibwa mu binywa]], no [['kulumizibwa omutwe]].<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Kya bulijjo nti [[okukulukuta kwe nyiindo]], okusesema, n'[[ekiddukano]] bigobelera, awamu n'okukendeeza enkola y' [[ekibumba]] n' [[ensigo]]s.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Mu kaseera kano, abantu abamu batandika [[okukulukuta omusaayi]].<ref name="WHO2014">{{cite web|title=Ebola virus disease Fact sheet N°103|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs103/en/|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=12 April 2014|date=March 2014}}</ref><!-- Cause and Diagnosis--> Akawuka akaleeta ekilwadde kino osobola okukafuna singa okwatagana n' [[omusaayi]] oba [[amazi agava mu mubiri|amazzi agava mu mumu biri]] gwe kisoro ekirina obulwadde buno (naddala ekima oba [[ebinyira]]).<ref name=WHO2014/> Ekyokutambula kwo bulwadde buno nga buyitta mu mpewo kibadde tekina kakasibwa.<ref name=WHOAir2014>{{cite web|title=2014 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa|url=http://www.who.int/ith/updates/20140421/en/|website=WHO|accessdate=3 August 2014|date=Apr 21 2014}}</ref> Ebinyira bitebelezebwa okutambuza n'okusaasanya akawuka akaleeta ekirwadde kino .<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Singa abantu bafuna ekilwadde kino, basobola nabo okukisaasanya.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Bakaawonawo abasajja basobola okukitambuza mu [[mazzi gekisajja]] okumara emyeezi ebiri.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Okusobola okujanjaba ekilwadde kino, kyebakola, endwadde endala ezifanaganya obubonero nga [[Malaria]], [[cholera]] n'endala ezigwa mu kowe lya [[viral hemorrhagic fever]]s zisooka kujibwaamu.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Okukakasa obujanjabi, omusaayi gukeberebwa okunoonya akawuka kano [[antibodies]], ekilwadde [[RNA]], oba akawuka kenyini.<ref name=WHO2014/> <!-- Prevention --> Okubwewala kuzingiramu okukendeeza kunsasana y'ekirwadde okuva ku nkima n'embizzi okutuuka mu bantu.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Kino kisoboka okukolebwa okuyitta mu kwekebejja ensolo zino n'okutta ngabwetuziika emibiri jaazo singa zisangibwa nobulwadde buno.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Okufumba obulungi e nyama n'okwambala ebizibaawo ngatukwaata kunyama kiyinza okuyamba ko,<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> nga bwebambala ebizibaawo n' o[[kunaaba engalo]] nga twetooloddwa ababtu abalina ekilwadde.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Ebimu kummazi n'ebitundu by'omubiri okuva mubantu abakwatiddwa ekirwadde kino bilina okukwatibwa nobwegendereza.<ref name=WHO2014/> <!-- Treatment, Prognosis and Epidemiology--> Tewali bujanjabi butuufu obwekilwadde kino; kawefube owokuyamba abantu abakwatiddwa okilwadde azingiramu okubawa [[oral rehydration therapy]] (okunywa mazzi agalimu ekiwomerezze) oba [[intravenous fluids]].<ref name=WHO2014/> Ekirwadde kittira ku sipiidi yawaggulu nnyo [[mortality rate]]: okusingira ddala wakati webitundu ataano n'ekyeenda kukikumi abo abakwatiddwa obulwadde.<ref name=WHO2014/><ref name="Elsevier/Academic Press">{{cite book|author1=C.M. Fauquet|title=Virus taxonomy classification and nomenclature of viruses; 8th report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses|date=2005|publisher=Elsevier/Academic Press|location=Oxford|isbn=9780080575483|page=648|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=9Wy7Jgy5RWYC&pg=PA648}}</ref> EVD yasooka kulabibwaako [[Sudan]] ne mu [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]].<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Ekirwadde kisinga kubeera mu bitundu bya [[Sub-Saharan Africa]].<ref name=WHO2014/> Okuva mu 1976 (lwe bwasooka okulabibwaako) okuyita mu 2013, wansi wabantu 1,000 buli mwaaka bebakwatibwa.<ref name=WHO2014/><ref name=MMWRJune2014>{{cite web|title=Ebola Viral Disease Outbreak — West Africa, 2014|url=http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6325a4.htm?s_cid=mm6325a4_w|website=CDC|accessdate=26 June 2014|date=June 27, 2014}}</ref> Okulumbibwa akwakasinze obunene bwebuliwo kati mu [[2014 West Africa Ebola outbreak]], obukutte [[Guinea]], [[Sierra Leone]], [[Liberia]] kilabika ne [[Nigeria]].<ref name=CDC2014>{{cite web|title=CDC urges all US residents to avoid nonessential travel to Liberia, Guinea, and Sierra Leone because of an unprecedented outbreak of Ebola.|url=http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices/warning/ebola-liberia|website=CDC|accessdate=2 August 2014|date=July 31, 2014}}</ref><ref name=CDCAug2014N>{{cite web|title=Outbreak of Ebola in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone|url=http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/outbreaks/guinea/index.html|website=CDC|accessdate=5 August 2014|date=August 4, 2014}}</ref> Okutuuka mu gwomunaana 2014 abakwatiddwa abasoba mu 1600 be ba zuuliddwa.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ebola virus disease update - West Africa|url=http://www.who.int/csr/don/2014_08_04_ebola/en/|website=WHO|accessdate=6 August 2014|date=Aug 4, 2014}}</ref> Kawefube akyaagenda mu maaso ow'okufuna [[vaccine]]; wabula, tewali kati.<ref name=WHO2014/> ==Endagiriro== {{Reflist|colwidth=25em}} ; Ensibuko {{Refbegin}} * {{Cite book |last=Klenk |first=Hans-Dieter |title=Marburg and Ebola Viruses (Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology) |url=https://archive.org/details/marburgebolaviru0000unse |date=January 1999 |publisher=Springer-Verlag Telos |location=Berlin |isbn=978-3-540-64729-4 |ref=CITEREFKlenk1999}} * {{Cite book |first1=Hans-Dieter |last1=Klenk |first2=Heinz |last2=Feldmann |title=Ebola and Marburg viruses: molecular and cellular biology |url=http://books.google.com/?id=EV_mFgnyPoMC |format=Limited preview |year=2004 |publisher=Horizon Bioscience |location=Wymondham, Norfolk, UK |isbn=978-0-9545232-3-7 |ref=CITEREFKlenkFeldmann2004 }} * {{Cite book |last=Kuhn |first=Jens H. |title=Filoviruses: A Compendium of 40 Years of Epidemiological, Clinical, and Laboratory Studies. Archives of Virology Supplement, vol. 20 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=LaOue0F9Ns4C |format=Limited preview |year=2008 |publisher=SpringerWienNewYork |location=Vienna |isbn=978-3-211-20670-6 |ref=CITEREFKuhn2008 }} * {{Cite book |last1=McCormick |first1=Joseph |last2=Fisher-Hoch |first2=Susan |others=Horvitz, Leslie Alan |title=Level 4: Virus Hunters of the CDC |url=http://books.google.com/?id=QEvR3aJX2m0C |format=Limited preview |origyear=1996 |edition=Updated [3rd] |year=1999 |publisher=Barnes & Noble |isbn=978-0-7607-1208-5 |ref=CITEREFMcCormickFisher-Hoch1999 |month=June }} * {{Cite book |last=Pattyn |first=S. R. |title=Ebola Virus Haemorrhagic Fever |year=1978 |url=http://www.itg.be/ebola/ |format=Full free text |edition=1st |publisher=Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press |location=Amsterdam |isbn=0-444-80060-3 |ref=CITEREFPattyn1978 |access-date=2014-09-04 |archive-date=2010-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101211083855/http://www.itg.be/ebola/ |url-status=dead }} * {{Cite book | last1 = Ryabchikova | first1 = Elena I. | last2 = Price | first2 = Barbara B. | title = Ebola and Marburg Viruses: A View of Infection Using Electron Microscopy | year = 2004 | publisher = Battelle Press | location = Columbus, Ohio | isbn = 978-1-57477-131-2 | ref = CITEREFRyabchikovaPrice2004 }} {{Refend}} == Ezenyongeza == {{Refbegin}} * [http://viralzone.expasy.org/all_by_species/207.html ViralZone: Ebola-like viruses] – Virological repository from the [[Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics]] * [http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/ CDC: Ebola hemorrhagic fever] – Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Special Pathogens Branch * [http://www.who.int/csr/disease/ebola/en/ WHO: Ebola haemorrhagic fever] – World Health Organization, Global Alert and Response * [http://www.viprbrc.org/brc/home.do?decorator=filo Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR): Filoviridae] * [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/emdb/searchResults.html/?q=ebola 3D macromolecular structures of the Ebola virus archived in the EM Data Bank (EMDB)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140819171607/https://maps.google.com/maps/ms?msa=0&msid=202977755949863934429.0004c658eb30f9c4fb1c0&ie=UTF8&t=h&ll=27.371767,5.273438&spn=110.017392,184.21875&z=2&source=embed&dg=feature Google Map of Ebola Outbreaks] * [http://www.who.int/csr/bioriskreduction/filovirus_infection_control/en/ WHO recommended infection control measures] {{Refend}} [[Category:Essomabusirikituo]] d71lkwqiwnu8xa5dxazh5c4pug890ay 0 3778 66805 66003 2026-08-05T18:48:19Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66805 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |url=https://archive.org/details/exploitingafrica0000chau |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref name=":0">Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' [[File:Samia Suluhu at the XXIX St Petersburg International Economic Forum - 2026.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Samia Suluhu Hassan]] [[File:Emmanuel Nchimbi.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti Emmanuel Nchimbi]] [[File:DKT. MWIGULU LAMECK NCHEMBA.jpg|thumb|Ssaabaminisita Mwigulu Lameck Nchemba]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> '''Essiga elibaga amateeka''' Obuyinza bwonna obukwata ku mateeka agakwata ku Tanzania eya wakati ne ku nsonga z'omukago bugabanyizibwa mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu,<ref name="Constitution" />  olutaliimu lukiiko lwa kubiri era nga lulina ababaka 393.<ref name="Edge">{{cite web |title=Tanzania: Government |url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/tanzania/government |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Broad College of Business, Michigan State University}}</ref> Bano mulimu abalonze okukiikirira ebifo ebirondebwamu, ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti, bammemba bataano abalonze okuva mu lukiiko lwa Zanzibar okuva mu bammemba baalwo, ebifo by'abakyala eby'enjawulo ebikola waakiri ebitundu 30% ku bifo ekibiina kyonna bye kiba nakyo mu lukiiko olwo, omwogezi w'olukiiko (bw'aba nga si mmemba wa lukiiko), n'abantu (abatasaanidde kusukka kkumi) abalondebwa pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" />Akakiiko k'Ebyokulonda aka Tanzania kateekawo ensalo ku lukalu mu muwendo ogusalibwawo akakiiko nga kakkiriziganyizza ne pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" /> '''Essiga eddamuzi''' Enkola y'amateeka mu Tanzania yeesigamiziddwa ku mateeka ga Bungereza aga bulijjo.<ref name="TZ court system">{{cite web |last1=Manning |first1=Christabel |last2=Kasera |first2=Seka |title=UPDATE: Tanzanian Legal System and Legal Research |url=https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Tanzania1.html#_The_Judiciary |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=[[GlobaLex]]}}</ref> Tanzania erina ekitongole ekiramuzi eky'emitendera ena.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ku lukalu lwa Tanzania ze Kkooti Enkulu.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ze Kkooti za Kadhi ezikola ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ne Kkooti Enkulu ezikola ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Ku lukalu, okujulira kuba mu Kkooti za Disitulikiti oba mu Kkooti z'Abalamuzi Abatuuze.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, okujulira kugenda mu kkooti ejulirwa eya Kadhi's Appeal Courts ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ate mu Magistrates Courts ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Okuva awo, okujulira kugenda mu kooti ekkulu eya Mainland Tanzania oba Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Tewali kujulira ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu kusobola kukolebwa okuva mu kooti enkulu eya Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /><ref name="Zanzibar Constitution">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110904235537/http://zltb.go.tz/docs/Zanzibar-Constitution-1984.pdf The Constitution of Zanzibar]. zltb.go.tz. 2006.</ref>Okuggyako, okujulira okusembayo kugenda mu Court of Appeal of Tanzania.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti Enkulu eya Tanzania erina ebitongole bisatu – eby'obusuubuzi, abakozi, n'ebyettaka<ref name="TZ court system" /> – n'ebitundu by'obutonde 15.<ref>{{cite web |title=Commercial Division — High Court of Tanzania |url=http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223142716/http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014}}</ref> Kkooti Enkulu eya Zanzibar erina ekitongole ky'amakolero, ekiwuliriza enkaayana z'abakozi zokka.<ref>[http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php "Welcome to High Court of Zanzibar"]. ''judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317235728/http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php|date=17 March 2015}}</ref> Abalamuzi ba Mainland ne union balondebwa Ssaabalamuzi wa Tanzania,<ref>{{cite web |date=January 2004 |title=UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA Public Administration Country Profile |url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516194348/http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2018 |access-date=1 February 2019}}</ref> okuggyako abo ab'omu Kkooti Ejulirwamu ne Kkooti Enkulu, abalondebwa pulezidenti wa Tanzania.<ref name="Constitution" /> Tanzania y'emu ku mawanga agakkiriza endagaano ya Rooma eya kkooti y'ensi yonna ekola ku misango gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka.<ref>{{cite web |title=African States, State Parties to the Rome Statute, International Criminal Court. Retrieved 21 October 2014 |url=http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011143613/http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |archive-date=11 October 2014}}</ref> '''Gavumenti z'ebintu''' Mu 1972, gavumenti z'ebitundu ku lukalu zaasazibwamu ne zidda mu kufugibwa butereevu okuva mu gavumenti eya wakati. Gavumenti z'ebitundu, wabula, zaazzibwawo ku ntandikwa y'emyaka gya 1980, obukiiko bw'omu byalo n'ab'obuyinza mu byalo bwe baddamu okuteekebwawo. Okulonda kwa gavumenti z'ebitundu kwaliwo mu 1983, era obukiiko obukola ne butandika mu 1984. Mu 1999, Olukiiko lw'Eggwanga olukulu lwa saawo enteekateeka ey'okukola enkyukakyuka mu gavumenti z'ebitundu, nga kino kyali kigendereddwamu okuteekawo "enteekateeka enzijuvu era ey'amaanyi ... [eyali ekwata ku] bintu bina: okugabanya obuyinza mu byobufuzi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'ensimbi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'obukulembeze n'enkolagana wakati wa gavumenti eya wakati n'ez'ebitundu, nga gavumenti ey'oku lukalu y'erina obuyinza obusinga obungi mu nteekateeka eno nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu Ssemateeka."<ref name="Kunnat">{{cite web |date=31 May 2006 |title=Local government system in tanzania |url=https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5nCY6QHaV/kuntajarjestelma_tansania_.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418081535/https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5nCY6QHaV/kuntajarjestelma_tansania_.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2013}}</ref> Tanzania egabanyizibwamu ebitundu (mikoa) asatu mu kimu,<ref>{{cite news |last=Kilyinga |first=Nasongelya |date=10 July 2015 |title=Enter Songwe Region as Six Districts Created |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201507100264.html |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=[[Daily News (Tanzania)|Daily News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Mwakyusa |first=Alvar |date=4 February 2016 |title=Songwe is new region – with four districts |url=http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/46650-songwe-is-new-region-with-four-districts |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205094519/http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/46650-songwe-is-new-region-with-four-districts |archive-date=5 February 2016 |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=Daily News}}</ref> amakumi abiri mu mukaaga ku lukalu ate ataano mu Zanzibar (asatu ku Unguja, abiri ku Pemba).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130527015837/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/regionsf.html Regions]. tanzania.go.tz</ref> Ebitundu asatu mu kimu bigabanyizibwamu Disitulikiti 195 (wilaya), era nga zimanyiddwa nga gavumenti z'ebitundu.<ref name="Census 2012">{{cite web |title=Administrative Units: Population Distribution Report |url=https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Census2022/Administrative_units_Population_Distribution_Report_Tanzania_volume1a.pdf |accessdate=2 August 2024 |website=National Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu bibuga birina ekibuga ekyetongodde, munisipaali, oba Eggombolola era nga bisalibwamu mu magombolola ne sub-wards (mitaa). Ebitundu ebitali bya mu bibuga birina ekibuga ekirina obwetwaze naye nga bisalibwamu mu magombolola ga byalo oba obuyinza bw'ekibuga (omutendera ogusooka) ate oluvannyuma ne mu bitundu eby'omu byalo (vitongoji).<ref name="Kunnat" /> Ekibuga kya Dar es Salaam kya njawulo kubanga kirina akakiiko k'ekibuga ng'ekitundu ky'obuyinza bwakyo kikwatagana n'akakiiko k'ekibuga kamu kamu. Meeya w'akakiiko k'ekibuga alondebwa akakiiko ako. Akakiiko k'ekibuga ak'abantu abiri kalimu abantu kkumi na gumu abalondebwa akakiiko k'ekibuga, abantu musanvu ab'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, n'abantu "abalondebwa mu Paalamenti wansi wa 'Ebifo eby'enjawulo eby'abakyala". Buli munisipaali era eba n'omukulembeze waayo. "Akakiiko k'ekibuga kalina omulimu gw'okukwanaganya era kakola ku nsonga ezikwata ku munisipaali zonna essatu", omuli eby'okwerinda n'obuweereza obw'amangu.<ref>{{cite web |title=City Status |url=http://www.dcc.go.tz/about-us/city-status.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131122230207/http://www.dcc.go.tz/about-us/city-status.html |archive-date=22 November 2013 |publisher=Dar Es Salaam City Council}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |year=1999 |title=Local Government (Urban Authorities) Act, 1982, amended 1999 |url=http://polis.parliament.go.tz/PAMS/docs/6-1999.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022045450/http://polis.parliament.go.tz/PAMS/docs/6-1999.pdf |archive-date=22 October 2013 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Parliamentary On-line Information System |at=7A and 69A}}</ref> Ekibuga Mwanza kirina akakiiko k'ekibuga era ekitundu kyakyo kye kifuga kikwatagana n'ebitundu bya munisipaali bbiri. '''Enkolagana n'amawanga amalala''' Enkola z'ebweru wa Tanzania ziri mu kwekenneenyezebwa okusobola okudda mu kifo ky'Enkola y'Ebweru eya 2001, eyali enkola y'ebweru eyasooka mu butongole mu Tanzania.<ref name="FaMinistry_NFP2">{{Cite report|url=https://www.foreign.go.tz/index.php/resources/view/nje-bulletin-april-2021|title=Tanzania, kufanya mageuzi ya Kidiplomasia|last1=Buhohela|first1=Emmanuel|last2=Bulu|first2=Sheiba|date=1 April 2021|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation]]|issue=1|location=[[Dodoma|Dodoma, Tanzania]]|language=sw|access-date=21 June 2022|trans-title=In Tanzania, to carry out Diplomatic reforms}}</ref><ref name="Citizen_22">{{Cite news |last=Kanyabwoya |first=Damas |date=13 January 2022 |title=Tanzania's key focus areas in the new Foreign Policy. |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&u=wikipedia&id=GALE |access-date=21 June 2022 |work=The Citizen |location=[[Dar es Salaam, Tanzania]] |language=English}}</ref> Nga 2001 tannatuuka, enkola y'ebweru wa Tanzania yali efugibwa ebiwandiiko eby'enjawulo ebyayisibwa Pulezidenti Julius Nyerere, okusingira ddala Circular No. 2 eya 1964,<ref name="FaMinistry_about">{{Cite web |title=ABOUT THE MINISTRY |url=https://www.foreign.go.tz/index.php/about/about-the-ministry |access-date=21 June 2022 |website=The United Republic of Tanzania Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation |language=en, sw |location=[[Dodoma|Dodoma, Tanzania]]}}</ref> Ekirangiriro kya Arusha,<ref name="Nyerere_67ad">{{Cite book |last=Nyerere |first=Julius K |author-link=Julius Nyerere |date=1967 |title=The Arusha Declaration and Tanu's policy on socialism and self-reliance |url=https://library.fes.de/fulltext/bibliothek/2-tanzania-s0019634.pdf |publisher=[[Tanganyika African National Union|TANU, Publicity Section]] |edition=1 |location=[[Dar es Salaam, Tanzania]] |language=en |chapter=The Policy of Self-Reliance |access-date=21 June 2022}}</ref> n'Enkola y'Ensonga Ez'ebweru eya 1967.<ref name="Nyerere_67fa">{{Cite speech|last=Nyerere|first=Julius K.|author-link=Julius Nyerere|event=Tanganyika African National Union National Conference|location=Dar es Salaam|date=16 October 1967|title=Tanzania policy on foreign affairs|type=Presidential Address|publisher=Ministry of Information and Tourism|url=https://www.juliusnyerere.org/uploads/tanzania_policy_on_foreign_affairs_1967.pdf|access-date=22 June 2022|archive-date=15 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415085417/https://www.juliusnyerere.org/uploads/tanzania_policy_on_foreign_affairs_1967.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ebigambo bino byali bissa essira ku by'obufuzi by'ebweru okusingira ddala ku bwetwaze n'obwetwaze, eddembe ly'obuntu, n'obumu bwa Afirika.<ref name="Nzomo_99">{{Cite book |last=Nzomo |first=Maria |date=1999 |title=African Foreign Policies |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429502521-10/foreign-policy-tanzania-cold-war-post%E2%80%93cold-war-maria-nzomo |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-50252-1 |editor-last=Wright |editor-first=Stephen |location=[[New York, NY]] |pages=184–187 |chapter=The Foreign Policy of Tanzania: From Cold War to Post–Cold War |doi=10.4324/9780429502521-10 |s2cid=155717453}}</ref><ref name="Magoma_20">{{Cite thesis|last=MAGOMA|first=Suleiman Masegesa|title=The Significant role of Tanzania's diplomacy towards economic development|date=22 February 2020|degree=Public Policy|publisher=[[KDI School of Public Policy and Management]]|url=https://archives.kdischool.ac.kr/handle/11125/34174|place=[[Sejong City|Sejong City, South Korea]]|language=en}}</ref> Enkola y'ebweru empya eriwo mu 2001 yatandikibwawo okusobola okukola ku nkomerero y'obufuzi bw'amatwale n'Olutalo olw'Embeera z'Ensi, okugaziwa kw'ensi yonna, ebyenfuna by'akatale n'okugaziya emirimu, n'eggwanga lya Tanzania eririmu ebibiina by'obufuzi ebingi. Essira lyayo erisinga liri ku by'obusuubuzi n'enkulaakulana.<ref name="FaMinistry_FP">{{Cite web |title=Tanzania Foreign Policy the Case of Economic Diplomacy |url=https://www.foreign.go.tz/index.php/about/tanzania-foreign-policy-the-case-of-economic-diplomacy |access-date=21 June 2022 |website=The United Republic of Tanzania Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation |language=en, sw |location=[[Dodoma|Dodoma, Tanzania]]}}</ref> Enkola y'ensonga z'ebweru empya eya 2001, ekyakozesebwa leero, erina omusingi gw'emisingi musanvu; obwetwaze, obwetwaze mu byenfuna, okubeera omulungi eri baliraanwa, obumu bwa Afirika, obutabaako ludda lw'owagira mu by'obufuzi, enkolagana mu by'enfuna, n'okukolagana mu nsi yonna okusobola okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna n'emirembe.<ref name="FaMinistry_FP" /> Ebigendererwa ebikulu byogerwako ng'okukuuma n'okutumbula eby'obuwangwa n'ebyenfuna, okutandikawo enkolagana n'amawanga amalala nga gavuganyizibwa ebyenfuna, okwetuusaako ebyetaago by'ebyenfuna, emirembe mu ggwanga ne mu nsi yonna, n'okwegatta mu byobufuzi n'ebyenfuna mu kitundu.<ref name="FaMinistry_FP" /> Okwekenneenya enkola y'ebweru eriwo mu kiseera kino kugenda mu maaso nga kikolebwa gavumenti ey'omulundi ogw'omukaaga okudda mu kifo ky'enkola y'ebweru empya eya 2001. Minisita w'ensonga z'ebweru Liberata Mulamula agambye nti enkola empya zijja kusigaza obukulu n'obutabaako ludda mu nkola y'ebweru eya 2001 ate nga ziteekawo ebintu ebirala ebikulu ennyo okusinga ebirala omuli enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'okussa essira ku by'enfuna nga zissa essira ku by'amaguzi ebiva mu ggwanga ebyongeddwamu omutindo n'eby'enfuna ebya digito.<ref name="Citizen_22" /> '''Enkolagana n'amawanga g'ebweru''' [[File:Ictr office 3.jpg|thumb|Kkooti y'ensi yonna ewozesa emisango eya Rwanda mu Arusha]] Tanzania mmemba mu bitongole by'ensi yonna bingi gamba nga United Nations (UN), African Union (AU), East African Community (EAC), ne Southern African Development Community (SADC) n'ebirala bingi.<ref name="Hirschler_19">{{Cite book |last1=Hirschler |first1=Kurt |date=2019 |title=A decade of Tanzania: politics, economy and society 2005-2017 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ncCnDwAAQBAJ |last2=Hofmeier |first2=Rolf |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |isbn=978-90-04-40786-2 |location=[[Leiden|Leiden, Netherlands]], [[Boston]] |language=en}}</ref> Okwongereza ku ekyo, olw'amaanyi ga Tanzania ag'obutabaako ludda lw'ewagira, obumu n'emirembe mu ggwanga okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania etera okukola ng'omutabaganya era ekifo awateekebwa endagaano n'endagaano wakati w'amawanga amalala, gamba ng'Endagaano ya Arusha ne Bulaaya, awamu n'Endagaano ya Arusha ne Rwanda (1993) ne Burundi (2000).<ref name="Chachage_04">{{Cite journal |last=Chachage |first=Chambi S. |date=2004 |title=Nyerere: Nationalism and Post-Colonial Developmentalism |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/24487453 |journal=[[African Sociological Review]] |language=en |location=[[Dakar, Senegal]] |publisher=[[CODESRIA]] |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=158–179 |issn=1027-4332 |jstor=24487453 |access-date=21 June 2022}}</ref><ref name="Waters_06">{{Cite journal |last=Waters |first=Tony |date=2006 |title=Markets and Morality: American Relations with Tanzania |url=https://asq.africa.ufl.edu/files/Waters-Vol8Issue3.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=[[African Studies Quarterly]] |language=en |location=[[Gainesville, Florida]] |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=46–53 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804103025/http://asq.africa.ufl.edu/files/Waters-Vol8Issue3.pdf |archive-date=4 August 2019 |access-date=21 June 2022}}</ref> [[File:East African Legislative Assembly.jpg|thumb|Olukiiko olukulu olwa East African Legislative Assembly mu Arusha]] Ekibiina ky'Amawanga Amagatte kirina ekifo kinene mu Tanzania mu kiseera kino ne mu byafaayo era kikola ng'omukago omukulu mu ngeri yaakyo, n'ebitongole by'ensi yonna ebirala, mu mirimu mingi mu ggwanga, wamu n'emirimu egikolebwa mu Tanzania era egiteekebwa mu nkola mu Great Lakes ne Afirika yonna okutwaliza awamu.<ref name="UN_tz">{{Cite web |title=The United Nations in Tanzania |url=https://tanzania.un.org/en/about/about-the-un |access-date=22 June 2022 |website=United Nations |language=en}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'Amawanga Amagatte kirina ekifo kinene mu Tanzania mu kiseera kino ne mu byafaayo era kikola ng'omukago omukulu mu ngeri yaakyo, n'ebitongole by'ensi yonna ebirala, mu mirimu mingi mu ggwanga, wamu n'emirimu egikolebwa mu Tanzania era egiteekebwa mu nkola mu Great Lakes ne Afirika yonna okutwaliza awamu.<ref name="UN_tzEntities">{{Cite web |title=UN Entities in Tanzania |url=https://tanzania.un.org/en/about/un-entities-in-country |access-date=22 June 2022 |website=United Nations |language=en}}</ref> Wadde nga ofiisi enkulu eza UN ziri mu Oysterbay, Dar es Salaam, ofiisi endala nnyingi, kkooti, n'ebibiina by'obwannakyewa biri mu Arusha, TZ. Eky'okulabirako ekisinga okumanyibwa y'ekkooti y'ensi yonna ewozesa emisango eya International Criminal Tribunal ku nsonga z'ekittabantu ekyali eri e Rwanda.<ref name="UN_SRES9771995">{{UN document|docid=S-RES-977(1995)|type=Resolution|body=Security Council|year=1995|resolution_number=977|access-date=23 July 2008|date=22 February 1995}}</ref> Ekibiina kya African Union kirimu amawanga 55 mu Afirika.<ref name="AU_memStates">{{Cite web |title=Member States |url=https://au.int/en/member_states/countryprofiles2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901043534/https://au.int/en/member_states/countryprofiles2 |archive-date=1 September 2022 |access-date=22 June 2022 |website=African Union |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku mawanga agaatandikawo AU mu 2001, era eyaddira Organisation of African Unity (OAU) eyatandikibwawo abatandisi ba Tanzania, Tanganyika ne Zanzibar, mu 1963. Ekitongole ekiramuzi ekya AU n'ekkooti zaakyo bisangibwa mu Tanzania.<ref name="AU_tzAgreement">{{Cite act|date=31 August 2007|type=HOST AGREEMENT|legislature=[[African Union]]|title=Host Agreement Between the Government of the United Republic of Tanzania and the African Union on the Seat of the African Court on Human and Peoples' Right|language=en|article-type=Agreement|access-date=22 June 2022|url=https://www.african-court.org/wpafc/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/3-HOST-AGREEMENT-TANZANIA-AND-AU.pdf}}</ref> Mu kusooka nga kkooti y'obwenkanya etaba amawanga ga Africa eya Justice of the African Union, egattiddwa wamu ne kooti y'eddembe ly'obuntu eya African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights okukola African Court of Justice and Human Rights (ACJHR), esangibwa mu Arusha.<ref name="AU_tzAgreement" />Tanzania yassa omukono era ne yeegatta ku AU-brokered African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) nga 17 Ogwoluberyeberye 2022, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu nsi yonna eky’obusuubuzi obw’eddembe.<ref name="Agarwal_22">{{Cite report|url=https://odi.org/en/publications/tanzania-and-the-african-continental-free-trade-area-possible-impacts-policy-priorities-and-scoping-of-future-support/|title=Tanzania and the African Continental Free Trade Area: possible impacts, policy priorities and scoping of future support|last1=Agarwal|first1=Prachi|last2=Kweka|first2=Josaphat|date=11 March 2022|publisher=Overseas Development Institute, [[Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office]]|location=[[London, UK]]|publication-date=11 March 2022|language=en|last3=Willem te Velde|first3=Dirk|access-date=22 June 2022|type=Briefing, policy papers}}</ref> Omukago gw'amawanga g'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika ogulimu Tanzania, Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi, South Sudan, ne Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) gulina ekitebe kyagwo ekikulu mu Arusha.<ref name="Ugirashebuja_17">{{Cite book |date=2017 |title=East African Community Law: Institutional, Substantive and Comparative EU Aspects |url=https://brill.com/view/title/33464 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill Nijhoff]] |isbn=978-90-04-32207-3 |editor-last=Ugirashebuja |editor-first=Emmanuel |location=[[Leiden|Leiden, Netherlands]], [[Boston]] |language=en |editor-last2=Ruhangisa |editor-first2=John Eudes |editor-last3=Ottervanger |editor-first3=Tom |editor-last4=Cuyvers |editor-first4=Armin}}</ref><ref name="EAC_overview">{{Cite web |title=Overview of EAC |url=https://www.eac.int/overview-of-eac |access-date=22 June 2022 |website=East African Community |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania, awamu ne Kenya ne Uganda, ze zimu ku mmemba ezatandikawo EAC mu 2000.<ref name="EAC_history">{{Cite web |title=History of the EAC |url=https://www.eac.int/eac-history#:~:text=The%20Treaty%20for%20the%20Establishment,all%20the%20three%20Partner%20States. |access-date=22 June 2022 |website=East African Community |language=en}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okukubwa Bugirimaani mu Ssematalo I Tanzania yeegatta ku East African Currency Board (EACB) eyali mu London era nga yali ekola ku by'omusolo era ng'ewa Tanzania, Uganda ne Kenya okuva mu 1919 okutuuka mu 1948, East Africa High Commission (EAHC) okuva mu 1948 okutuuka mu 1961, ne East African Common Services Organization (EACSO) okuva mu 1961 okutuuka mu 1966. Mu 1966 amawanga gano gonna asatu gaatandikawo East African Community eyasooka, eyamala okutuuka mu 1976, oluvannyuma ne wabeerawo East African Co-operation okuva mu 1993 okutuuka mu 2000, nga tennaddamu kutandikibwawo nga East African Community mu 2000.<ref name="EAC_history" /><ref name="Kadaga_22">{{Cite speech|last=Kadaga|first=Rebecca|author-link=Rebecca Kadaga|event=Ministry of East African Community Affairs|location=Makerere University|date=16 June 2022|access-date=21 June 2022|title=The Strategic need for EAC Integration|type=Keynote Address|pages=1, 3, 6-9|language=en|url=https://www.mediacentre.go.ug/media/address-rt-hon-rebecca-kadaga-1st-deputy-prime-ministerminister-makerere-university|archive-date=27 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627105632/https://mediacentre.go.ug/media/address-rt-hon-rebecca-kadaga-1st-deputy-prime-ministerminister-makerere-university|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Samia Suluhu Hassan, Joe Biden, Jill Biden.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti wa Tanzania [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] wamu ne Pulezidenti wa America [[Joe Biden]] mu Washington D.C mu Gwekkumineebiri 2022]] EAC ebadde n’omukago gw’omusolo okuva mu 2005, n’ekitundu eky’obusuubuzi eky’eddembe wakati w’amawanga agali mu mukago n’omusolo ogw’awamu n’endagaano z’obusuubuzi n’amawanga agatali mu mukago n’ebitongole eby’ensi yonna.<ref name="Ugirashebuja_17" /> Omukago gw’omusolo era gwassaawo ekitongole ekimu n’amateeka ag’enjawulo, gamba ng’amateeka agakwata ku nsibuko y’ebintu, ku by’obusuubuzi byonna munda mu mukago, okuyingira mu mukago, n’okuyitira mu mawanga agali mu mukago. Mu 2010 akatale ak’awamu kaateekebwawo mu EAC okusobozesa abakozi, ebyamaguzi, abantu, entandikwa, n’empeereza okutambula obulungi, wamu n’okuteekawo eddembe ly’okutandikawo bizinensi.<ref name="Ugirashebuja_17" /> East African Monetary Union (EAMU) eyateesebwako okutandikibwawo mu 2024 ejja kutondawo ensimbi ez'awamu mu bbanka enkulu eya East African Central Bank.<ref name="Adam_17">{{Cite book |date=2017 |title=Tanzania: the path to prosperity |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_MDXDQAAQBAJ |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-870481-2 |editor-last=Adam |editor-first=Christopher |location=[[Oxford, UK]]; [[New York, NY]] |language=en |editor-last2=Collier |editor-first2=Paul |editor-last3=Ndulu |editor-first3=B. J.}}</ref> Okuva ku kutandikibwawo kwa EAC, nga bwe kyateekebwa mu Kawaayiro 5(2) aka ndagaano ey'okutandikawo EAC, ekiruubirirwa kya EAC ekisembayo bulijjo kwe kubeera eggwanga erimu ery'awamu ery'amawanga gonna agali mu mukago. Mu 2017 amawanga gonna agali mu mukago gaakakasa okukolera awamu kwa EAC ng'entandikwa eri mu kufuuka eggwanga erimu ery'enkomeredde.<ref name="Ugirashebuja_17" /><ref name="Kadaga_22" /> Southern African Development Community erimu amawanga 16, nga mw'otwalidde amawanga gonna ag'omu bukiikaddyo bwa Afirika wamu ne Tanzania ne DRC okuva mu Great Lakes.<ref name="Muntschick_17">{{Cite book |last=Muntschick |first=Johannes |date=9 October 2017 |title=The Southern African Development Community (SADC) and the European Union (EU): Regionalism and External Influence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IDE5DwAAQBAJ |publisher=[[Springer Publishing|Springer Nature]] |isbn=978-3-319-45330-9 |location=[[Cham, Switzerland]] |language=en |access-date=22 June 2022}}</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku mawanga agatandikawo SADC mu 1994, wamu ne Frontline States (FLS), okuva mu 1960 okutuuka mu 1994. Wadde nga FLS yalina ekiruubirirwa eky'okumalawo obusosoze, SADC eyagiddawo erina ebigendererwa eby'okutumbula emirembe n'obutebenkevu wamu n'okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna n'ebyobufuzi by'amawanga agagirimu.<ref name="Muntschick_17" /> '''Amagye''' Eggye lya [[Tanzania People's Defence Force]] (TPDF) (Kiswahili: Jeshi la Wananchi wa Tanzania (JWTZ)) lye ggye lya Tanzania, erikola ng'eggye ly'abantu wansi w'obukulembeze bw'abantu ba bulijjo. Lirimu amatabi oba ebiragiro bitaano: Eggye ery'oku ttaka (amagye), Eggye ery'omu bbanga, Eggye ly'okumazzi, National Service, Headquarter (MMJ).<ref>{{cite web |date= |title=Mwanzo-Jeshi la Ulinzi la Wananchi wa Tanzania |url=https://www.tpdf.mil.tz/ |access-date=10 February 2022 |publisher=Tpdf.mil.tz}}</ref> Bannansi ba Tanzania basobola okwewaayo okuweereza mu magye okuva ku myaka 15 egy'obukulu, n'emyaka 18 egy'obukulu okuweereza mu magye ga National military service nga bamaze okutikkirwa okuva mu siniya ey'omukaaga. Obuweereza obw'obuwaze bwali emyaka 2 mu 2004. [[National service act of Tanzania]]. '''Okukwasisa amateeka''' Eby'okwerinda by'abantu n'okulondoola ensalo buvunaanyizibwa bwa Poliisi ya Tanzania. Okulondoola poliisi kugabanyizibwamu omuwandiisi omukulu mu Minisitule ya Poliisi ne kaliisoliiso wa Poliisi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania – Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=11 May 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> '''Eddembe ly'obuntu''' Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2019, Amnesty International yategeeza nti gavumenti ya Tanzania yasazaamu eddembe ly'ebibiina by'obwannakyewa (NGOs) (ebibiina by'abantu abeewaayo kyeyagalire) awamu n'abantu kinnoomu okuwawaabira gavumenti mu kkooti y'abantu eya Arusha African Court for Human and Peoples' Rights.<ref>{{cite web |date=2 December 2019 |title=Tanzania: Withdrawal of individual rights to African Court will deepen repression |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2019/12/tanzania-withdrawal-of-individual-rights-to-african-court-will-deepen-repression/ |access-date=2 December 2019 |publisher=Amnesty International}}</ref> Ba Nnamagoye ababeera mu Tanzania batera okulumbibwa, okuttibwa oba okusalibwako ebitundu by'omubiri olw'obulombolombo obukwatagana n'obulogo obumanyiddwa nga muti obugamba nti ebitundu by'omubiri by'abalina albinism birina amaanyi agatali ga bulijjo.<ref>"[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-31849531 Tanzania albino murders: 'More than 200 witchdoctors' arrested]". BBC News. 12 March 2015.</ref> Tanzania y'esinga okubaamu okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu okw'engeri eno mu mawanga 27 agali mu Afirika muti w'omanyiddwa okuba ng'akolebwa.<ref>Charlotte Baker (22 September 2017) [https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/witchcraft-albino-trade-body-part-human-rights-un-sub-saharan-african-a7958946.html "The trade in body parts of people with albinism is driven by myths and international inaction"]. ''The Independent''</ref> Mu Tanzania, ebikolwa eby'okwegatta eby'abantu ab'ekikula ekimu tebikkirizibwa mu mateeka era bisobola okuviirako omuntu okusibwa obulamu bwe bwonna, wadde ng'etteeka lino teritera kukozesebwa, era abantu abalya ebisiyaga basobola okusisinkana.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 May 2016 |title=State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition |url=https://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010135034/http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |archive-date=10 October 2017 |work=[[International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association]]}}</ref><ref name="GT">{{cite news |title=Lesbian and Gay Tanzania |url=http://www.gaytimes.co.uk/gt/listings.asp?action=ShowCountry&CID=932 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929205430/http://www.gaytimes.co.uk/gt/listings.asp?action=ShowCountry&CID=932 |archive-date=29 September 2006 |access-date=12 February 2007 |work=gaytimes}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2007 okwakolebwa ekitongole kya Pew Research Centre, abantu 95 ku buli kikumi mu Tanzania bakkiriza nti obuli bw'ebisiyaga tebulina kukkirizibwa mu bantu.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pew Global Attitudes Project |url=http://pewglobal.org/reports/pdf/258.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100214225525/http://pewglobal.org/reports/pdf/258.pdf |archive-date=14 February 2010 |access-date=15 July 2017 |publisher=Pew Research Centre |pages=35, 84, and 117}}</ref> == Eby'enfuna == Mu 2021, okusinziira ku IMF, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania (GDP) byali bya buwumbi bwa ddoola 71 (nominal), oba obuwumbi bwa ddoola 218.5 ku musingi gwa purchasing power parity (PPP). GDP per capita (PPP) yali $3,574.<ref>{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database April 2018 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2018/April |publisher=International Monetary Fund}}</ref> Okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2013, GDP ya Tanzania (nga yeesigamiziddwa ku ssente za wano ezitakyuka) yeyongera ebitundu 3.5% buli mwaka, nga eri waggulu okusinga ku mmemba omulala yenna ow’omukago gw’amawanga g’obuvanjuba bwa Afirika (EAC) era nga esinga amawanga mwenda mu Sub-Saharan Africa: [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Ethiopia]], [[Ghana]], [[Lesotho]], [[Liberiya|Liberia]], [[Mozambique]], [[Sierra Leone]], [[Zambia]], ne [[Zimbabwe]].<ref>{{cite web |title=GDP per capita growth (annual %) |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.KD.ZG |access-date=9 August 2024 |publisher=[[World Bank]]}}</ref> Mu 2017, Tanzania yasinga kutunda mu Buyindi, Vietnam, [[South Africa]], [[Switzerland]], ne China nga yafunamu obuwumbi bwa ddoola 5.3.<ref name="UND">{{cite web |title=Tanzania (TZA) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners |url=https://atlas.media.mit.edu/en/profile/country/tza/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424230123/https://atlas.media.mit.edu/en/profile/country/tza/ |archive-date=24 April 2019 |access-date=9 April 2019 |publisher=The Observatory of Economic Complexity}}</ref> Yayingiza obuwumbi bwa ddoola 8.17, nga Buyindi, Switzerland, [[Saudi Arabia]], China, ne [[United Arab Emirates]] ze zaali zisinga okugitunda.<ref name="UND" /> Tanzania yagumira okugwa kw'ebyenfuna okw'amaanyi, okwatandika mu 2008 oba mu ntandikwa ya 2009, mu ngeri ey'amaanyi. Emiwendo gya zzaabu egy'amaanyi, nga gino gye gyayamba okunyweza eby'okusima eby'obugagga by'omu ttaka mu ggwanga, era nga n'engeri Tanzania gy'etaliimu nnyo mu katale k'ensi yonna yayamba okukuuma eggwanga eri okugwa kw'ebyenfuna.<ref name="frame" /> Okuva okugwa kw'ebyenfuna lwe kwaggwa, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania by'eyongedde nnyo olw'obulambuzi, eby'empuliziganya, n'ebitongole bya bbanka.<ref name="frame" /> Okusinziira ku kitongole ky'Ensi yonna ekikola ku by'enkulaakulana (United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), kyokka, enkulaakulana eyakolebwa mu by'enfuna y'eggwanga gyebuvuddeko ekoleddeko "batono nnyo", n'aleka abantu abasinga obungi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141014230730/http://www.tz.undp.org/content/tanzania/en/home/countryinfo/ "About Tanzania |UNDP in Tanzania"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014230730/http://www.tz.undp.org/content/tanzania/en/home/countryinfo/|date=14 October 2014}}. undp.org.</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2015/2016, ebitundu 57.1 ku buli kikumi eby'abantu batwalibwa okuba nga baavu mu ngeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Tanzania (United Republic of) |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/TZA.pdf |access-date=27 May 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme: Human Development Reports}}</ref> Tanzania yali n'ekigero kya Global Hunger Index ekibi okusinga eggwanga eddala lyonna mu EAC okuggyako Burundi.<ref name="GHI">[https://web.archive.org/web/20141106133439/http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/ghi13.pdf "2013 Global Hunger Index"]. International Food Policy Research Institute. October 2013</ref> page 15  Omugatte gw'abantu abaali abalumwa enjala mu 2010–12 nabo baali babi okusinga eggwanga eddala lyonna mu EAC okuggyako Burundi.<ref name="GHI" /> Mu 2020, Banka y'ensi yonna yalangirira okweyongera kw'ebyenfuna bya Tanzania okuva mu by'abantu abali obubi ennyo okudda mu by'abantu abali obulungi, ng'omuwendo gwa GNI ogw'omuntu ogumu gweyongera okuva ku ddoola za Amerika 1,020 mu 2018 okutuuka ku ddoola za Amerika 1,080 mu 2019.<ref>{{cite web |date=1 July 2020 |title=New World Bank country classifications by income level: 2020–2021 |url=https://blogs.worldbank.org/opendata/new-world-bank-country-classifications-income-level-2020-2021 |publisher=World Bank}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2 July 2020 |title=Tanzania joins middle income status ahead of schedule |url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/news/Tanzania-joins-middle-income-status-ahead-of-schedule/1840340-5586580-5p13b7z/index.html |work=The Citizen}}</ref> Eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byalinya ebitundu 4.6 ku buli kikumi mu 2022, ate 5.2 ku buli kikumi mu 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Overview |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/tanzania/overview |access-date=9 August 2024 |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> '''Enjala n'obwavu''' Embeera y'Enjala mu Nsi Yonna mu biseera ebyayita kyateeka embeera eno ku "kutya" n'obubonero 42 mu mwaka gwa 2000; okuva olwo GHI kikendedde okutuuka ku 23.2.<ref name="globalhungerindex.org">{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.globalhungerindex.org/tanzania.html |access-date=6 August 2024 |website=Global Hunger Index – Official Website of the Peer-Reviewed Publication}}</ref> Abaana mu byalo babonaabona nnyo olw'obutali bulungi mu ndya n'enjala ey'olubeerera, newankubadde ng'obuzibu wakati w'ekibuga n'ebyalo bukendedde ku bikwata ku kusiiwuuka kw'endya n'obuzito obutono.<ref name="Tanzania UNDP">{{cite web |title=About us |url=https://www.tz.undp.org/content/tanzania/en/home/about-us.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811174628/https://www.tz.undp.org/content/tanzania/en/home/about-us.html |archive-date=11 August 2021 |access-date=25 May 2020 |website=UNDP}}</ref> Okukola ebitono mu kitongole ky'ebyalo kiva ku kusinga kussa ssente mu bintu ebikozesebwa; obutaba na busobozi kufuna bintu bya ku faamu, obuweereza bw'okulima n'okwewola; tekinologiya omutono wamu n'obuyambi mu by'obusuubuzi n'okutunda; n'okwesigama ennyo ku kulima okwesigamiziddwa ku nkuba n'ebintu eby'obutonde.<ref name="Tanzania UNDP" /> Kumpi ebitundu 68 ku buli kikumi ebya Bannansi ba Tanzania obukadde 61.1 babeera wansi w'omutindo gw'obwavu ogwa ddoola 1.25 buli lunaku, ng'ebitundu 32 ku buli kikumi eby'abantu tebafuna mmere emala.<ref name="globalhungerindex.org" /> Okusoomooza okusinga obunene Tanzania kw'eyolekaganye nakwo mu kukendeeza obwavu kwe kukozesa obubi eby'obugagga byayo eby'obutonde, okulima okutali kwa muganyulo, enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'okwonoona ensibuko z'amazzi, okusinziira ku kitongole ky'Amawanga Amagatte eky'ebyenkulaakulana (United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).<ref name="Tanzania">{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.heifer.org/about-us/where-we-work/tanzania.html |website=Heifer International}}</ref> Waliwo eby'obugagga bitono nnyo eri bannansi ba Tanzania mu nsonga z'okufuna looni, ebizimbe oba okufuna tekinologiya w'ebyobulimi, ekireetera enjala n'obwavu mu ggwanga okweyongera okusinziira ku UNDP.<ref name="Tanzania" /> Tanzania eri mu kifo kya 159 ku nsi 187 mu bwavu okusinziira ku United Nations Human Development Index (2014).<ref name="Tanzania" /> Alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna eya 2019 yalaga nti mu myaka 10 egiyise, obwavu bukendeddeko ebitundu 8 ku buli kikumi, okuva ku 34.4% mu 2007 okutuuka ku 26.4% mu 2018.<ref>{{cite web |date=1 December 2019 |title=Tanzania's Path to Poverty Reduction and Pro-Poor Growth |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/tanzania/publication/tanzanias-path-to-poverty-reduction-and-pro-poor-growth |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> Alipoota endala yalaga okukendeera okutuuka ku 25.7% mu 2020.<ref>{{cite web |date=12 November 2021 |title=Tanzania at 60: GDP in sharp rise, poverty cut |url=https://www.ippmedia.com/en/news/tanzania-60-gdp-sharp-rise-poverty-cut |work=IPP Media}}</ref> '''Emmere n'endya''' Endya embi esigadde nga kizibu ekinyigiriza mu Tanzania era nga kyawukana nnyo mu bitundu by'eggwanga. USAID eripoota nti abaana ebitundu 16% bali wansi w'obuzito obusaanidde ate ebitundu 34% bafuna okukonziba olw'endya embi.<ref name=":02">{{cite web |title=Tanzania: Nutrition Profile |url=https://www.usaid.gov/what-we-do/global-health/nutrition/countries/tanzania-nutrition-profile |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024113234/https://www.usaid.gov/what-we-do/global-health/nutrition/countries/tanzania-nutrition-profile |archive-date=24 October 2018 |access-date=18 October 2018 |website=[[USAID]] |language=en}}</ref> Ebitundu 10 birimu abaana ebitundu 58% abakonzibye ate ebitundu 50% ku baana abalumwa enjala ey'amaanyi basangibwa mu bitundu 5.<ref name=":3">{{cite web |title=UNICEF Tanzania—Nutrition—The situation |url=https://www.unicef.org/tanzania/nutrition.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102192139/https://www.unicef.org/tanzania/nutrition.html |archive-date=2 January 2019 |access-date=28 October 2018 |website=unicef.org}}</ref> Mu bbanga lya myaka 5, Disitulikiti ya Mara mu Tanzania yalaba okukendeera kwa bitundu 15% mu kukonziba mu baana abali wansi w'emyaka 5, nga kagwa okuva ku bitundu 46% okutuuka ku bitundu 31% mu 2005 ne 2010 ebyo. Kyokka, Dodoma, ku luuyi olulala, yalaba okweyongera kwa bitundu 7% mu kubunza kw'abaana mu kibinja kino eky'emyaka, nga kulinnya okuva ku bitundu 50% mu 2005 okutuuka ku bitundu 57% mu 2010.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2012 |title=Tanzania Assessment for Scaling Up Nutrition |url=http://apps.who.int/nutrition/landscape_analysis/TanzaniaLandscapeAnalysisFinalReport.pdf?ua=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302164752/https://apps.who.int/nutrition/landscape_analysis/TanzaniaLandscapeAnalysisFinalReport.pdf?ua=1 |archive-date=2 March 2021 |via=[[World Health Organization]]}}</ref> Okutwaliza awamu okubeerawo kw'emmere tekitegeeza nti kireeta okukonziba kw'abaana. Ebitundu bya Iringa, Mbeya, ne Rukwa, gye batwala okubeerawo kw'emmere okuba nga kusobola okukkirizibwa, era bikyalimu okukonziba okusukka mu bitundu 50%. Mu bitundu ebimu awabeera enjala, gamba nga mu bitundu bya Tabora ne Singida, okukonziba kusigala nga kutono bw'okugeraageranya n'okwo okulabibwa mu Iringa, Mbeya ne Rukwa.<ref name=":6" /> Ekitongole kya Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre kigamba nti enjawulo zino ziva ku njawulo mu ndya embi ey'abakyala ab'embuto, enkola embi ey'okuliisa abaana abawere, enkola embi[ ey'obuyonjo n'obujjanjabi obubi.<ref name=":6" /> Ebiseera by'ekyeya bisobola okukosa ennyo okukula kw'ebirime mu Tanzania. Ekyeya mu East Africa kivuddemu okweyongera kw'ebbeeyi y'emmere enkulu nga kasooli n'obulo, ebirime ebikulu mu ndya y'abantu abasinga obungi mu Tanzania. Okuva mu 2015 okutuuka mu 2017, ebbeeyi ya kasooli bwe yagulibwa mu bungi yalinnya emirundi egisukka mu esatu, okuva ku TSh 400/= buli kilo okutuuka ku 1,253/= buli kilo.<ref name=":12">{{Cite news |last=Makoye |first=Kizito |title=Survey finds most Tanzanians go hungry, despite government denials |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/tanzania-hunger-idUSL5N1GJ5CP |access-date=20 November 2018 |work=Reuters}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] trwaxmb60uhf2vmlveeb7awc5pq0f3x 0 4598 66910 35227 2026-08-06T06:16:29Z ESTHER NAKITENDE 9175 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344975377|Pader District]]" 66910 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox settlement|name=Pader District|settlement_type=[[Districts of Uganda|District]]|native_name=|image_skyline=Sunrise in Patongo, Pader.jpg|image_caption=Sunrise in [[Patongo]] [[internally displaced person]]s camp (now [[Agago District]]).|image_flag=|image_seal=|image_map=Pader District in Uganda.svg|map_caption=District location in Uganda|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name={{flag|Uganda}}|subdivision_type1=[[Regions of Uganda|Region]]|subdivision_name1=[[Northern Region, Uganda|Northern Uganda]]|subdivision_type2=[[Sub-region]]|subdivision_name2=[[Acholi sub-region]]|seat_type=[[Capital city|Capital]]|seat=[[Pader, Uganda|Pader]]|leader_title=|leader_name=|established_title=|established_date=|area_total_km2=3362.5|area_land_km2=|area_water_km2=|population_as_of=2012 Estimate|population_note=|population_total=231700|population_metro=|population_density_km2=68.9|timezone=[[East Africa Time|EAT]]|utc_offset=+3|timezone_DST=|utc_offset_DST=|elevation_m=|website={{URL|http://www.pader.go.ug}}|footnotes=}}'''Pader''' [[Disitulikiti mu Yuganda|disitulikiti]] esangibwa mu Bukiikakkono bwa Uganda .Yatuumibwa Pader, munisipaali enkulu eddukanya emirimu n’ebyobusuubuzi mu disitulikiti eno, era ekitebe kya disitulikiti eno kiri. == Ekifo == [[File:Aruu_Falls_in_Pader_District.jpg|thumb|250x250px| Aruu Falls mu Disitulikiti y’e Pader.]] Disitulikiti y’e Pader egabana ensalo ne [[Lamwo (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Lamwo]] mu bukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba, [[Kitgum (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Kitgum]] mu bukiikakkono bw’obuvanjuba, [[Agago (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Agago]] mu buvanjuba, [[Otuke (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Otuke]] mu bukiikaddyo bw’obuvanjuba, [[Lira (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Lira]] mu bugwanjuba, [[Oyam (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Oyam]] mu bukiikaddyo bw’obugwanjuba ne [[Gulu (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Gulu]] mu maserengeta.<ref>[[Districts of Uganda|Uganda District Map]]</ref> Ekitebe kya disitulikiti y'e Pader kikunukiriza kilometres 130 (81 mi), ku luguudo, mu bukiikakkono bw’obuvanjuba bwa [[Gulu]], ekibuga ekisinga obunene mu kitundu kino.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Gulu And Pader With Map |url=http://www.distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Gulu%20(Gulu)&toplace=Pader%20(Pader)&fromlat=2.7666667&tolat=3.05&fromlng=32.3055556&tolng=33.2166667 |access-date=22 May 2014 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Ensengeka ya disitulikiti eno ku maapu eri :02 50N, 33 05E. == Okulambika okutwaliza awamu == Disitulikiti eno mpya,nga yali kitundu ku [[Kitgum (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kitgum.]] Ku nkomerero ya 2001, e ggombolola lya Aruu ne Agago byagibwako ku Disitulikiti ya Kitgum ne bikola Disitulikiti ya Pader. Ekitebe kya disitulikiti gavumenti mu [[Pader (disitulikit)|Pader]] kisangibwa wakati mu Disitulikiti. Disitulikiti eno wamu ne Disitulikiti ye [[Amuru (disitulikit)|Amuru,]][[Agago (disitulikit)|Agago]], [[Gulu (disitulikit)|Gulu,]] [[Lamwo (disitulikit)|Lamwo]], [[Nwoya (disitulikit)|Nwoya,]] ne [[Kitgum (disitulikit)|Kitgum]] bye bikola ekitundutundu kya Acholi, ekitwalibwa okuba nga yewali ebyafaayo by'ensibuko y'Abachooli n'amaka g'abantu abasuka mu million 1.1 mu 2002, okusinziira ku kubala abantu okwakolebwa mu mwaka ogwo == Obungi bw'abantu == Okubala abantu okwakolebwa mu 1991 kwalaga nti abantu mu disitulikiti eno bali 80,900. Ate okubala abantu okwakolebwa mu ggwanga lyonna mu 2002 kwalaga nti abantu ba disitulikiti eno baal mu 142,300. Okumala ekitundu ky’emyaka ekkumi egyasooka egya 2000, abantu abasinga obungi mu disitulikiti eno babadde babeera mu nkambi z’abantu ababundabunda munda mu ggwanga (IDP), nga kino kyava ku llutalo lwa Lord's Resistance War. Olwa kawefube wokukomya olutalo wakati w’amagye ga LRA ne [[Eggye lya Uganda People's Defense Force|UPDF]] mu 2006, abantu abasinga obungi mu nkambi z’ababundabunda basenguka ne badda mu maka gaabwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Estimated Population of Pader District In 1991, 2002 & 2012 |url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/uganda-admin.php?adm2id=050 |access-date=22 May 2014 |publisher=Citypopulation.de}}</ref> == Emirimu gy’ebyenfuna == Ebyenfuna bya Disitulikiti eno biyimiridde ku bulimi. Ebitundu by'abantu 90 ku 100 mu disitulikiti beenyigira mu bulimi. Ebirime by’emmere ebirimibwa mulimu Bino wammanga:<ref>{{Cite web |last=Owot |first=Robert |date=30 March 2014 |title=Pader: Where Cotton Is Still A Major Earner |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Pader--Where-cotton-is-still-a-major-earner/-/688334/2263206/-/y05afpz/-/index.html |access-date=22 May 2014 |publisher=[[Daily Monitor]]}}</ref> [[File:Women_pounding_Soghum_in_Pader_in_the_afternoon.jpg|thumb| Abakyala nga bakuba Obulo .]] <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css" />  [[Ebijanjalo]] Kawo [[Muwogo]] Obulo [[Kasooli yara 42|Kasooli]] Enva endiirwa Ebirime eby’ensimbi mulimu: Ppamba, [[Ebinyeebwa|Ebinyebwa]], Sunflower, Omuceere, Taaba, Soya ne Simsim . Okulunda ebyennyanja n’okuyigga nabyo bitera okukolebwa. == Ebisolo ebirundibwa == * Embuzi * Endiga * Embizzi * [[Ente]] * Endogoyi * [[Enkoko]] == Laba ne == <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css" /> [[Pader (disitulikit)|Pader]] [[Patongo]] [[Disitulikiti mu Yuganda|Disitulikiti mu Uganda]] [[Palamenti ya Uganda]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozeseddwa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101015040552/http://www.pader.go.ug/ Omukutu gw'amawulire mu Disitulikiti y'e Pader] {{Disitulikiti mu Yuganda}} [[Category:Disitulikiti mu Yuganda]] [[Category:Obukiikadkkono bwa Uganda]] [[Category:Disitulikiti ya pader]] [[Category:Disitulikiti ya kitgum]] 5fpvf68hvyjy2t5xg9qkrqrvgcgvnw2 66911 66910 2026-08-06T06:23:56Z ESTHER NAKITENDE 9175 mu mppandiika 66911 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox settlement|name=Pader District|settlement_type=[[Districts of Uganda|District]]|native_name=|image_skyline=Sunrise in Patongo, Pader.jpg|image_caption=Sunrise in [[Patongo]] [[internally displaced person]]s camp (now [[Agago District]]).|image_flag=|image_seal=|image_map=Pader District in Uganda.svg|map_caption=District location in Uganda|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name={{flag|Uganda}}|subdivision_type1=[[Regions of Uganda|Region]]|subdivision_name1=[[Northern Region, Uganda|Northern Uganda]]|subdivision_type2=[[Sub-region]]|subdivision_name2=[[Acholi sub-region]]|seat_type=[[Capital city|Capital]]|seat=[[Pader, Uganda|Pader]]|leader_title=|leader_name=|established_title=|established_date=|area_total_km2=3362.5|area_land_km2=|area_water_km2=|population_as_of=2012 Estimate|population_note=|population_total=231700|population_metro=|population_density_km2=68.9|timezone=[[East Africa Time|EAT]]|utc_offset=+3|timezone_DST=|utc_offset_DST=|elevation_m=|website={{URL|http://www.pader.go.ug}}|footnotes=}}'''Pader''' [[Disitulikiti mu Yuganda|disitulikiti]] esangibwa mu Bukiikakkono bwa Uganda.Yatuumibwa Pader, munisipaali enkulu eddukanya emirimu n’ebyobusuubuzi mu disitulikiti eno, era ekitebe kya disitulikiti eno mwekiri. == Ekifo == [[File:Aruu_Falls_in_Pader_District.jpg|thumb|250x250px| Aruu Falls mu Disitulikiti y’e Pader.]] Disitulikiti y’e Pader egabana ensalo ne [[Lamwo (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Lamwo]] mu bukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba, [[Kitgum (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Kitgum]] mu bukiikakkono bw’obuvanjuba, [[Agago (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Agago]] mu buvanjuba, [[Otuke (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Otuke]] mu bukiikaddyo bw’obuvanjuba, [[Lira (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Lira]] mu bugwanjuba, [[Oyam (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Oyam]] mu bukiikaddyo bw’obugwanjuba ne [[Gulu (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Gulu]] mu maserengeta.<ref>[[Districts of Uganda|Uganda District Map]]</ref> Ekitebe kya disitulikiti y'e Pader kikunukiriza kilometres 130 (81 mi), ku luguudo, mu bukiikakkono bw’obuvanjuba bwa [[Gulu]], ekibuga ekisinga obunene mu kitundu kino.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Gulu And Pader With Map |url=http://www.distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Gulu%20(Gulu)&toplace=Pader%20(Pader)&fromlat=2.7666667&tolat=3.05&fromlng=32.3055556&tolng=33.2166667 |access-date=22 May 2014 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Ensengeka ya disitulikiti eno ku maapu eri :02 50N, 33 05E. == Okulambika okutwaliza awamu == Disitulikiti eno mpya,nga yali kitundu ku [[Kitgum (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kitgum.]] Ku nkomerero ya 2001, e ggombolola lya Aruu ne Agago byagibwako ku Disitulikiti ya Kitgum ne bikola Disitulikiti ya Pader. Ekitebe kya disitulikiti gavumenti mu [[Pader (disitulikit)|Pader]] kisangibwa wakati mu Disitulikiti. Disitulikiti eno wamu ne Disitulikiti ye [[Amuru (disitulikit)|Amuru,]][[Agago (disitulikit)|Agago]], [[Gulu (disitulikit)|Gulu,]] [[Lamwo (disitulikit)|Lamwo]], [[Nwoya (disitulikit)|Nwoya,]] ne [[Kitgum (disitulikit)|Kitgum]] bye bikola ekitundutundu kya Acholi, ekitwalibwa okuba nga yewali ebyafaayo by'ensibuko y'Abachooli n'amaka g'abantu abasuka mu million 1.1 mu 2002, okusinziira ku kubala abantu okwakolebwa mu mwaka ogwo == Obungi bw'abantu == Okubala abantu okwakolebwa mu 1991 kwalaga nti abantu mu disitulikiti eno bali 80,900. Ate okubala abantu okwakolebwa mu ggwanga lyonna mu 2002 kwalaga nti abantu ba disitulikiti eno baali mu 142,300. Okumala ekitundu ky’emyaka ekkumi egyasooka egya 2000, abantu abasinga obungi mu disitulikiti eno babadde babeera mu nkambi z’abantu ababundabunda munda mu ggwanga (IDP), nga kino kyava ku lutalo lwa Lord's Resistance War. Olwa kawefube wokukomya olutalo wakati w’amagye ga LRA ne [[Eggye lya Uganda People's Defense Force|UPDF]] mu 2006, abantu abasinga obungi mu nkambi z’ababundabunda basenguka ne badda mu maka gaabwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Estimated Population of Pader District In 1991, 2002 & 2012 |url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/uganda-admin.php?adm2id=050 |access-date=22 May 2014 |publisher=Citypopulation.de}}</ref> == Emirimu gy’ebyenfuna == Ebyenfuna bya Disitulikiti eno biyimiridde ku bulimi. Ebitundu by'abantu 90 ku 100 mu disitulikiti beenyigira mu bulimi. Ebirime by’emmere ebirimibwa mulimu bino wammanga:<ref>{{Cite web |last=Owot |first=Robert |date=30 March 2014 |title=Pader: Where Cotton Is Still A Major Earner |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Pader--Where-cotton-is-still-a-major-earner/-/688334/2263206/-/y05afpz/-/index.html |access-date=22 May 2014 |publisher=[[Daily Monitor]]}}</ref> [[File:Women_pounding_Soghum_in_Pader_in_the_afternoon.jpg|thumb| Abakyala nga bakuba Obulo .]] <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css" />  [[Ebijanjalo]] Kawo [[Muwogo]] Obulo [[Kasooli yara 42|Kasooli]] Enva endiirwa Ebirime eby’ensimbi mulimu: Ppamba, [[Ebinyeebwa|Ebinyebwa]], Sunflower, Omuceere, Taaba, Soya ne Simsim . Okulunda ebyennyanja n’okuyigga nabyo bitera okukolebwa. == Ebisolo ebirundibwa == * Embuzi * Endiga * Embizzi * [[Ente]] * Endogoyi * [[Enkoko]] == Laba ne == <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css" /> [[Patongo]] [[Disitulikiti mu Yuganda|Disitulikiti mu Uganda]] [[Palamenti ya Uganda]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozeseddwa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101015040552/http://www.pader.go.ug/ Omukutu gw'amawulire mu Disitulikiti y'e Pader] {{Disitulikiti mu Yuganda}} [[Category:Disitulikiti mu Yuganda]] [[Category:Obukiikadkkono bwa Uganda]] [[Category:Disitulikiti ya pader]] [[Category:Disitulikiti ya kitgum]] 7xu5s6bewt0pm01cso2n50o31ttxe2l 66912 66911 2026-08-06T06:25:31Z ESTHER NAKITENDE 9175 ntaddeko databox 66912 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox settlement|name=Pader District|settlement_type=[[Districts of Uganda|District]]|native_name=|image_skyline=Sunrise in Patongo, Pader.jpg|image_caption=Sunrise in [[Patongo]] [[internally displaced person]]s camp (now [[Agago District]]).|image_flag=|image_seal=|image_map=Pader District in Uganda.svg|map_caption=District location in Uganda|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name={{flag|Uganda}}|subdivision_type1=[[Regions of Uganda|Region]]|subdivision_name1=[[Northern Region, Uganda|Northern Uganda]]|subdivision_type2=[[Sub-region]]|subdivision_name2=[[Acholi sub-region]]|seat_type=[[Capital city|Capital]]|seat=[[Pader, Uganda|Pader]]|leader_title=|leader_name=|established_title=|established_date=|area_total_km2=3362.5|area_land_km2=|area_water_km2=|population_as_of=2012 Estimate|population_note=|population_total=231700|population_metro=|population_density_km2=68.9|timezone=[[East Africa Time|EAT]]|utc_offset=+3|timezone_DST=|utc_offset_DST=|elevation_m=|website={{URL|http://www.pader.go.ug}}|footnotes=}}'''Pader''' [[Disitulikiti mu Yuganda|disitulikiti]] esangibwa mu Bukiikakkono bwa Uganda.Yatuumibwa Pader, munisipaali enkulu eddukanya emirimu n’ebyobusuubuzi mu disitulikiti eno, era ekitebe kya disitulikiti eno mwekiri. == Ekifo == [[File:Aruu_Falls_in_Pader_District.jpg|thumb|250x250px| Aruu Falls mu Disitulikiti y’e Pader.]] Disitulikiti y’e Pader egabana ensalo ne [[Lamwo (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Lamwo]] mu bukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba, [[Kitgum (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Kitgum]] mu bukiikakkono bw’obuvanjuba, [[Agago (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Agago]] mu buvanjuba, [[Otuke (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Otuke]] mu bukiikaddyo bw’obuvanjuba, [[Lira (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Lira]] mu bugwanjuba, [[Oyam (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Oyam]] mu bukiikaddyo bw’obugwanjuba ne [[Gulu (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Gulu]] mu maserengeta.<ref>[[Districts of Uganda|Uganda District Map]]</ref> Ekitebe kya disitulikiti y'e Pader kikunukiriza kilometres 130 (81 mi), ku luguudo, mu bukiikakkono bw’obuvanjuba bwa [[Gulu]], ekibuga ekisinga obunene mu kitundu kino.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Road Distance Between Gulu And Pader With Map |url=http://www.distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Gulu%20(Gulu)&toplace=Pader%20(Pader)&fromlat=2.7666667&tolat=3.05&fromlng=32.3055556&tolng=33.2166667 |access-date=22 May 2014 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Ensengeka ya disitulikiti eno ku maapu eri :02 50N, 33 05E. == Okulambika okutwaliza awamu == Disitulikiti eno mpya,nga yali kitundu ku [[Kitgum (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kitgum.]] Ku nkomerero ya 2001, e ggombolola lya Aruu ne Agago byagibwako ku Disitulikiti ya Kitgum ne bikola Disitulikiti ya Pader. Ekitebe kya disitulikiti gavumenti mu [[Pader (disitulikit)|Pader]] kisangibwa wakati mu Disitulikiti. Disitulikiti eno wamu ne Disitulikiti ye [[Amuru (disitulikit)|Amuru,]][[Agago (disitulikit)|Agago]], [[Gulu (disitulikit)|Gulu,]] [[Lamwo (disitulikit)|Lamwo]], [[Nwoya (disitulikit)|Nwoya,]] ne [[Kitgum (disitulikit)|Kitgum]] bye bikola ekitundutundu kya Acholi, ekitwalibwa okuba nga yewali ebyafaayo by'ensibuko y'Abachooli n'amaka g'abantu abasuka mu million 1.1 mu 2002, okusinziira ku kubala abantu okwakolebwa mu mwaka ogwo == Obungi bw'abantu == Okubala abantu okwakolebwa mu 1991 kwalaga nti abantu mu disitulikiti eno bali 80,900. Ate okubala abantu okwakolebwa mu ggwanga lyonna mu 2002 kwalaga nti abantu ba disitulikiti eno baali mu 142,300. Okumala ekitundu ky’emyaka ekkumi egyasooka egya 2000, abantu abasinga obungi mu disitulikiti eno babadde babeera mu nkambi z’abantu ababundabunda munda mu ggwanga (IDP), nga kino kyava ku lutalo lwa Lord's Resistance War. Olwa kawefube wokukomya olutalo wakati w’amagye ga LRA ne [[Eggye lya Uganda People's Defense Force|UPDF]] mu 2006, abantu abasinga obungi mu nkambi z’ababundabunda basenguka ne badda mu maka gaabwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Estimated Population of Pader District In 1991, 2002 & 2012 |url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/uganda-admin.php?adm2id=050 |access-date=22 May 2014 |publisher=Citypopulation.de}}</ref> == Emirimu gy’ebyenfuna == Ebyenfuna bya Disitulikiti eno biyimiridde ku bulimi. Ebitundu by'abantu 90 ku 100 mu disitulikiti beenyigira mu bulimi. Ebirime by’emmere ebirimibwa mulimu bino wammanga:<ref>{{Cite web |last=Owot |first=Robert |date=30 March 2014 |title=Pader: Where Cotton Is Still A Major Earner |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Pader--Where-cotton-is-still-a-major-earner/-/688334/2263206/-/y05afpz/-/index.html |access-date=22 May 2014 |publisher=[[Daily Monitor]]}}</ref> [[File:Women_pounding_Soghum_in_Pader_in_the_afternoon.jpg|thumb| Abakyala nga bakuba Obulo .]] <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css" />  [[Ebijanjalo]] Kawo [[Muwogo]] Obulo [[Kasooli yara 42|Kasooli]] Enva endiirwa Ebirime eby’ensimbi mulimu: Ppamba, [[Ebinyeebwa|Ebinyebwa]], Sunflower, Omuceere, Taaba, Soya ne Simsim . Okulunda ebyennyanja n’okuyigga nabyo bitera okukolebwa. == Ebisolo ebirundibwa == * Embuzi * Endiga * Embizzi * [[Ente]] * Endogoyi * [[Enkoko]] == Laba ne == <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css" /> [[Patongo]] [[Disitulikiti mu Yuganda|Disitulikiti mu Uganda]] [[Palamenti ya Uganda]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozeseddwa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101015040552/http://www.pader.go.ug/ Omukutu gw'amawulire mu Disitulikiti y'e Pader] {{Disitulikiti mu Yuganda}} [[Category:Disitulikiti mu Yuganda]] [[Category:Obukiikadkkono bwa Uganda]] [[Category:Disitulikiti ya pader]] [[Category:Disitulikiti ya kitgum]] jbdayautopdh8ja4xl68fdof9hnoisy 0 5688 66855 66507 2026-08-05T20:03:15Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added new paragraph and dewikilinked 66855 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Country||image_flag=Flag of Rwanda.svg}}'''Rwanda''', nga mu mateeka eyitibwa Republic of Rwanda, ggwanga eritalina mwalo guva ku nnyanja nnene mu [[buvanjuba bwa Afirika]].[a][b] Ekifo kino kisangibwa mu nsozi mu bugwanjuba n'ebisolo ne saavannah bukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba. Ennyanja ezisinga obunene n'okwetegerezebwa ennyo zisangibwa mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba n'ebukiikakkono w'eggwanga, ate ensozi eziwandula omuliro ezikola olujegere lwa [[Virunga]] nga okusingira ddala ziri mu bukiikakkono bwa bugwanjuba. Embeera y'obudde etwalibwa ng'ey'ensozi, ng'erimu sizoni bbiri ez'enkuba n'endala bbiri ez'ekyeya buli mwaka. Ekibuga kyayo ekikulu era nga ky'ekibuga ekisinga obunene, ye [[Kigali]], ekiri mu masekkati g'eggwanga, ku [[mmita]] 1,567 waggulu w'obuwanvu bw'ennyanja. Rwanda esangibwa mu bukiikaddyo bwa Equator mu Great Rift Valley ey'o[[Buvanjuba bwa Afirika]]. Rwanda erina ensalo ne [[Uganda]] mu bukiikakkono bwayo, [[Tanzania]] mu buvanjuba, [[Burundi]] mu bukiikaddyo, ne [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] mu bugwanjuba. Nga erina abantu abasoba mu bukadde 14 ababeera mu kitundu kya 26,338 square kilometers (10,169 sq mi), nga etaka kwe bali lirimu ebitundu by'ettaka eriweza ebitundu nga 93.7%, Rwanda y'ensi ey'omulundi ogwa 21 mu nsi yonna, erina abantu nga 578 buli square kilometers (1,500 buli square mayiro). [[Abayizin'abalonzi b'emmere y'okuttale]] baasenga mu kitundu mu biseera by'amayinja n'eby'ekyuma (Stone and Iron Ages), oluvannyuma Abantu b'olyubu lw'abantu oluyitibwa Bantu ne bagoberera. Abantu baasooka kwegatta mu [[Clans of Rwanda|bika]], ate oluvannyuma ne bafuuka obwakabaka. Mu kyasa eky'ekkuminettaano, obwakabaka obumu, wansi wa [[Kabaka Gihanga]], bwasobola okugatta ebitundu ebiriraanyeewo ebingi ne butandikawo [[Obwakabaka bwa Rwanda]]. Obwakabaka bwa Rwanda bwafuga okuva mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'ekkumi n'omunaana, nga bakabaka baayo ab'ekika kya Tutsi bawangula abalala mu by'amagye, okuteekawo obuyinza obwenkomeredde, n'okussa mu nkola enkola ez'obumu. Mu 1897, [[Girimane|Germany]] yawamba Rwanda neefuuka ekitundu kyayo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ekya [[German East Africa]], n'oluvannyuma ne kuddako [[Bubirigi|Belgium]], eyafuna obuyinza mu 1916 mu kiseera kya [[Ssematalo|Ssematalo I]]. Amawanga ga Bulaaya gano gombi gaafuga eggwanga lino okuyita mu kabaka wa Rwanda era ne gatambulira ku nkola y'okuwagira Abatuusi. Abantu b'e Hutu baajeemera gavumenti mu 1959, era ne Batta Abatuusi bangi era mu nkomerero ne batandikawo ekitundu ekyali kyetwala, nga kisingamu Abahutu mu 1962 nga bakulemberwa Pulezidenti [[Grégoire Kayibanda]]. Mu 1973 Kayibanda yaggyibwa mu buyinza era Juvénal Habyarimana n'atandika okufuga, era n'asigala ng'ali wamu n'Abahutu. Ekibiina kya Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) ekikulemberwa Tutsi kyatandika [[Rwandan Civil War|olutalo olw'omunda]] mu 1990. Habyarimana [[Assassination of Juvénal Habyarimana and Cyprien Ntaryamira|yattibwa]] mu Gwokuna 1994 ebibiina ebitaamanyibwa. Obukuubagano bw'abantu bwabalukawo mu lutalo lw'e Rwanda olwakolebwa bannalukalala ba Hutu Power eri Abatuusi. RPF yakomya okutta abantu n'obuwanguzi mu Gwomusanvu 1994. Rwanda ezze efugibwa RPF ng'eggwanga ery'ekibiina ekiri mu mateeka ekimu okuva mu 1994 ng'omukulembeze w'eggwanga [[Paul Kagame]] ye pulezidenti okuva mu 2000. Eggwanga lizzew lifugibwa gavumenti ez'obuyinza okuva mu biseera byabafuzi b'amatwal. Newankubadde nga Rwanda erina omuwendo mutono ogw'[[obuli bw'enguzi]] bw'ogugeraageranya n'amawanga ag'omuliraano, y'emu ku nsi ezisinga obutono mu kunoonyereza kw'ensi yonna okw'obwenkanya bwa gavumenti n'eddembe ly'abantu, wadde ng'ebituukiddwako gye buvuddeko wabaddewo bisituddeeggwanga lino okutuukua mu ttuluba ly'awakati ku Human Development Index. Abantu baayo bakyali bato ate nga basinga kubeera mu byalo; Rwanda y'emu ku bantu abasembayo obuto mu nsi yonna. Abantu b'omu Rwanda bava mu kibiina kimu kyokka eky'obuwangwa n'olulimi, [[Banyarwanda]]. Wabula, mu kibinja kino mulimu ebibinja bisatu: [[Aba-Hutu]], Aba-Tutsi, n'Aba-[[Twa]]. Twa babeera mu kibira mu Central Africa era batera okutwalibwa ng'abazzukulu b'abantu abaasooka mu Rwanda. Obukulistaayo ye ddiini esinga obunene mu ggwanga; olulimi olusinga okwogerwa abantu b'omu Rwanda, ng'[[Olungereza]], [[Olufalansa]], n'[[Oluswayiri]] bye bimu ku nnimi ez'obwannannyini. Ebyenfuna bya Rwanda byesigamiziddwa ku mpeereza, ebyobulimi okutunda ebweru w’eggwanga, n’amakolero. Kaawa n'amajaani bye [[birime ebikulu eby’ensimbi]] by’efulumya ebweru w’eggwanga, wadde nga bisukka mu kukola amatooke. Ekisaawe ky' [[Eby’obulambuzi]] kikula mangu era kati kye kisinga okuyingiza ssente z’ebweru mu ggwanga. Okunoonyereza okwasembyeyo mu 2024, abantu 30.5% baakosebwa [[obwavu obw’enjawulo]] nga 27.4% bali wansi w’oluoimiro lw’obwavu mu ggwanga. Eggwanga lino liri mu mukago gwa [[African Union]], [[Lisangá lya Bikólo bya Molɔ́ngɔ́|United Nations]], [[Commonwealth of Nations]] (emu ku ba mmemba abatono abatalina kakwate ka byafaayo na [[British Empire|bwakabaka bwa Bungereza]] ), [[Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa|COMESA]], [[Organisation internationale de la Francophonie|OIF]], n'omukago gwa [[East African Community]] . == Ensibuko y’erinnya (Etymology). == Erinnya ''Rwanda'' liva mu kigambo Ku-aanda, ekitegeeza "okugaziwa" oba "okusaasaana okuva mu makkati", ekiraga okukula kw'ebyafaayo kw'[[Obwakabaka bwa Rwanda]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Land of Violence, A Land of Conquest: Memory, Truth, Historical Continuity, and Imperialism in Rwanda {{!}} Journal of Public and International Affairs |url=https://jpia.princeton.edu/news/land-violence-land-conquest-memory-truth-historical-continuity-and-imperialism-rwanda |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251004114443/https://jpia.princeton.edu/news/land-violence-land-conquest-memory-truth-historical-continuity-and-imperialism-rwanda |archive-date=4 October 2025 |access-date=10 October 2025 |website=jpia.princeton.edu |language=en}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo by'alyo == Okusenga kw’abantu okw’omulembe guno mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Rwanda kwava, mu kiseera ekyasembayo, mu [[budde ky’omuzira ng'eggwako]], ku biseera ebibiri, ekiseera kya [[Neolithic]] nga 8,000 BC, oba mu kiseera ekiwanvu ekya [[humid]] ekyaddirira, okutuuka nga 3,000 BC. Okusima eby’edda kwazuula obujulizi nti [[abayizzi era abakunganya]] b'emmere y'okuttale tebaabeerangawo nnyo mu kiseera kya [[Stone Age]] ekyasembayo, wabula ate ekyo kyaddirirwa omuwendo omunene ogw’abasenze abaasooka mu gw'okusaanuusa ebyuma oba [[Iron Age]], abaakolanga [[ensuwa]] ezirimu ebinnya n’ebikozesebwa eby'ebyuma. Abatuuze bano abaasooka be baali bajjajja b’aba [[Twa]], [[abayizzi era abakunganya]] b'emmere y'okuttale [[abambuti]] ab’enjawulo abaasigala mu Rwanda ne leero. Olwo mu mwaka gwa 3,000 BC, abalimi n’abalunzi b’amasekkati [[ga Sudanic]] ne [[Kuliak]] baatandika okusenga mu Rwanda, ne baddirirwa abalunzi aboogera [[olulimi Olucushitic]] mu 2,000 BC.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Schoenbrun |first=David L. |year=1993 |title=We Are What We Eat: Ancient Agriculture between the Great Lakes |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=15–16 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700032989 |jstor=183030 |s2cid=162660041}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Taylor |first=Christopher C. |date=13 September 2020 |title=Sacrifice as Terror: The Rwandan Genocide of 1994 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qHf8DwAAQBAJ |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-18448-8 |pages=63–65 |access-date=2 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250404221104/https://books.google.com/books?id=qHf8DwAAQBAJ |archive-date=4 April 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Aba Twa ababeera mu bibira baafiirwa ekitundu ekinene eky’ebifo mwe baabeeranga ne basenguka ne bagenda ku nsozi. Wakati wa 800 BC ne 1500 AD, ebibinja [[by’Ababantu]] ebiwerako byasenguka ne biyingira e Rwanda, nga bitema ettaka ly’ebibira okulima. Bannabyafaayo balina endowooza eziwerako ku ngeri y’okusenguka kw’Ababantu; endowooza emu eri nti abaasooka okusenga baali [[Bahutu]], ate oluvannyuma [[Abatutsi]] ne basenguka ne bakola ekibinja ky’amawanga ag’enjawulo, nga kiyinzika okuba nga baava mu Nilo-hamitic. Endowooza endala eri nti okusenguka kwali kwa mpola era nga kunywevu, ng’ebibinja ebiyingira byegatta mu kifo ky’okuwangula abantu abaaliwo.Mu ndowooza eno, enjawulo y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi yavaayo oluvannyuma era yali njawulo ya kibiina okusinga ey’amawanga. Engeri eyasooka ey’enkwatagana y'abantu mu kitundu ekyo yali ya kika ( ''ubwoko'' ). Ebika tebyakoma ku nnyiriri z’abuzaale oba ekitundu kyokka, era ebisinga byalimu Abahutu, Abatutsi, n’Abatwa. Okuva mu kyasa eky’ekkuminettaano, ebika byatandika okwegatta ne bifuuka obwakabaka. Obwakabaka obumu, nga bufugibwa Kabaka Gihanga, bwasobola okuyingiza ebitundu ebiwerako eby’omuliraano gwabwo ogw’okumpi ne butandikawo [[Obwakabaka bwa Rwanda]]. Mu mwaka gwa 1700, obwakabaka nga bwa mirundi munaana bwe bwali bubaddewo mu Rwanda ya leero. Obumu ku buno nga bwe bwa, [[Obwakabaka bwa Rwanda]] obwali bufugibwa ekika ky’Abatutsi [[Nyiginya]], bweyongera okufuga okuva mu makkati g’ekyasa eky’ekkuminoomunaana. Obwakabaka bwatuuka ku ntikko mu kyasa eky'ekkuminoomwenda ku mulembe gwa Ssekabaka [[Kigeli Rwabugiri]] . Rwabugiri yawangula amawanga amatonotono agawerako, n’agaziya obwakabaka okidda mu Bugwanjuba n’obukiikakkono, era n’atandikawo ennongoosereza mu nfuga; mu bino {{Lang|rw|[[ubuhake]]}}, nga mu kino abawagizi b’Abatutsi baawaayo ente, n’olwekyo n’enkizo, eri bakasitoma b’Abahutu oba Abatutsi nga bawaanyisiganya obuweereza obw’ebyenfuna n’obw’obuntu, ne {{Lang|rw|uburetwa}}, enkola ya [[corvée]] ng’Abahutu bawalirizibwa okukolera abaami b’Abatutsi. Enkyukakyuka za Rwabugiri zaavaako enjawukana okweyongera wakati w’Abahutu n’Abatutsi. Aba Twa baali bulungi okusinga mu biseera nga Obwakabaka tebunnabaawo, ng’abamu bafuuka abazinyi mu lubiri lw’obwakabaka, naye omuwendo gwabwe gweyongera okukendeera. [[Olukungaana lwa Berlin|Olukungaana lw'e Berlin]] olwatuula u 1884 lwagaba ekitundu kino eri [[Obwakabaka bwa Girimaani]], obwalangirira nti kitundu kya [[Bugirimaani ey'obuvanjuba bwa Afrika]] . Mu 1894, omuvumbuzi [[Gustav Adolf von Götzen]] ye Muzungu eyasooka okutambula ekitundu kya Rwanda kyonna, nga ono yasomoka okuva ebukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba okutuuka ku nnyanja Kivu n’asisinkana kabaka. Mu 1897, Girimaani yatandika okubeerawo mu Rwanda bwe yakola omukago ne kabaka, n’etandika omulembe gw’amatwale.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Carney |first=J.J. |year=2013 |title=Rwanda Before the Genocide: Catholic Politics and Ethnic Discourse in the Late Colonial Era |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lKFpAgAAQBAJ |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-998228-8 |page=24 |access-date=25 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701074114/https://books.google.com/books?id=lKFpAgAAQBAJ |archive-date=1 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Abagirimaani tebaakyusa nnyo nsengeka y’embeera z’abantu mu ggwanga, wabula nga bawagira kabaka n’abakulu abaaliwo, era nga bakwasa abaami b’ebitundu obuyinza.<ref>See also Helmut Strizek, "Geschenkte Kolonien: Ruanda und Burundi unter deutscher Herrschaft", Berlin: Ch.</ref> Amagye ga [[Bubirigi|Belgium]] gaalumba Rwanda ne [[Burundi]] mu 1916, mu kiseera kya [[Ssematalo|Ssematalo I]], era oluvannyuma, mu 1922, gaatandika okufuga Rwanda ne Burundi ng’ekiragiro kya [[League of Nations]] ekyayitibwa [[Ruanda-Urundi]] era ne gatandika ekiseera eky’obufuzi bw’amatwale obutereevu. Ababirigi baayanguya era ne bassa obuyinza mu mikono gya gavumenti, ne baleeta pulojekiti ennene mu byenjigiriza, ebyobulamu, emirimu gya gavumenti, n’okulondoola eby’obulimi, omuli ebirime ebipya n’okulongoosa obukodyo bw’ebyobulimi okugezaako okukendeeza ku njala. Abagirimaani n’Ababirigi, oluvannyuma lw’obufuzi bwa [[New Imperialism]], baatumbula obukulu bw’Abatutsi, nga balowooza nti Abahutu n’Abatutsi [[ab’amawanga]] ag’enjawulo. Mu 1935, Bubirigi yaleeta enkola ya ndagamuntu, eyalaganga buli muntu kye yali oba Mututsi, Muhutu, Mutwa oba Abasenze. Wadde nga emabegako kyali kisoboka Abahutu naddala abagagga okufuuka Abatutsi ab’ekitiibwa, densite zaalemesa okwongera okutambula wakati w’amadaala. Bubirigi yagenda mu maaso n'okufuga [[Ruanda-Urundi]] (Rwanda gye yakola ekitundu eky'obukiikakkono) ng'ekitundu ky'ekibiina ky'Amawanga Amagatte eky'obwesige oluvannyuma lwa [[Ssematalo II]], ng'erina obuyinza okulabirira [[obwetwaze]] obwabanga butuuse okufunibwa. Okusika omuguwa kweyongera wakati w’Abatutsi, abaali baagala okwefuga nga bukyali, n’ekibiina ky’Abahutu eky’okuwa abantu eddembe, ekyavaamu e [[Nkyukakyuka ya Rwanda]] mu 1959 : Abahutu baatandika okutta Abatutsi n’okusaanyaawo amayumba gaabwe, ne bawaliriza abantu abasoba mu 100,000 okunoonya obubudamu mu mawanga ag’omuliraano. Mu 1961, Ababirigi abaali bawagira Abahutu mu bwangu baakola [[akalulu k’ekikungo]] eggwanga mwe lyakuba akalulu okuggyawo obwakabaka. Rwanda yayawulwa ku Burundi n’efuna obwetwaze nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1962, olujjukirwa ng’olunaku lw’ameefuga, mu ggwanga.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Karuhanga |first=James |date=30 June 2018 |title=Independence Day: Did Rwanda really gain independence on July 1, 1962? |url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/independence-day-did-rwanda-really-gain-independence-july-1-1962 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630010535/http://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/independence-day-did-rwanda-really-gain-independence-july-1-1962 |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=1 July 2018 |work=[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]]}}</ref> Okuyiwa omusaayi kweyongera nga mu buwanganguse abayeekera Abatutsi baalumba okuva mu mawanga ag’omuliraano ate gavumenti eyakulemberwa Abahutu n’eddamu okwesasuza n’okutta n’okunyigiriza abantu baabulijjo Abatutsi munda mu Rwanda. Mu 1973, [[Juvénal Habyarimana]] yakwata obuyinza nga ayita mu [[kuwamba gavumenti wamu n'amagye]]. Okusosola kw’Abahutu kwagenda mu maaso, naye waaliwo okukulaakulana okw’amaanyi mu by’enfuna era n’obutabanguko obwali bukendedde ku Batutsi. Aba Twa baasigala nga basuuliddwa ku mabbali, era mu 1990 we gwatuukira kumpi gavumenti yabawalirizibwa okuva mu bibira; bangi baafuuka basabiriza. Omuwendo gw’abantu mu Rwanda gwali gweyongedde okuva ku bantu akakadde 1.6 mu 1934 okutuuka ku bantu obukadde 7.1 mu 1989, ekyavaako okuvuganya ku ttaka. Mu 1990, ekibinja ky’abayeekera ekya [[Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF)]], ekyalimu ababundabunda aba Tutsi, kyalumba obukiikakkono bwa Rwanda nga basinziira mu nkambi yaabwe mu Uganda, ne kitandikawo [[olutalo lw’omunda mu Rwanda]] . Ekibiina kino kyavumirira gavumenti eyali efugibwa Abahutu olw’okulemererwa okuteekawo demokulasiya n’okutunuulira ebizibu ababundabunda bano bye baalina. Tewali ludda lwonna lwasobola kufuna nkizo ya maanyi mu lutalo, naye mu 1992 lwali lunafuyizza obuyinza bwa Habyarimana; okwekalakasa kw’abantu abangi kwamuwaliriza okukola omukago n’oludda oluvuganya mu ggwanga era okukkakkana ng’atadde omukono ku [[ndagaano za Arusha]] eza 1993 ne RPF. == Ekittabantu e Rwanda == Okussa wansi eby'okulwanyisa kwaggwawo nga 6 Ogwokuna 1994 ennyonyi ya Habyarimana bwe yakubwa okumpi n’ekisaawe ky’ennyonyi e Kigali, n’afa. Okukuba ennyonyi eno amasasi kwakola ng’ekyavaako ekittabantu e Rwanda, ekyatandika mu ssaawa ntono okuva awo. Mu nnaku nga 100, wakati w’abantu 500,000 ne 1,000,000 Abatutsi n’Abahutu ab’ekigero mu byobufuzi battibwa mu bulumbaganyi obwali butegekeddwa obulungi ku biragiro bya gavumenti ey’ekiseera. Abatwa bangi nabo battibwa, wadde nga baali tebagendereddwa butereevu. Aba Tutsi mu RPF baddamu okulumba, era ne batwala obuyinza ku ggwanga mu nkola, ne bafuna obuyinza ku ggwanga lyonna mu makkati g'Ogwomusanvu. Engeri ensi yonna gye yakwatamu ekittabantu kino yali si y'amaanyi, ng’amawanga ag'amaanyi tegaayagala kwongera ggye ly'amawanga magatte amaanyi ng'ate lyali lirina maanyi agamala. RPF bwe yakwata obuyinza, Abahutu nga obukadde bubiri [[baddukira mu mawanga ag’omuliraano]], naddala [[Zaïre]], nga batya okwesasuza; okugatta ku ekyo, eggye eryakulemberwa RPF lyali lya maanyi nnyo mu [[lutalo lw'e Congo olwasooka]] n'[[olwokubiri]] . Munda mu Rwanda, ekiseera ky’okutabagana n’obwenkanya kyatandika, nga watandikibwawo [[kkooti y’ensi yonna evunaanyizibwa ku buzzi bw’emisango mu Rwanda]] (ICTR) n’okuddamu okuyingiza {{Lang|rw|[[Gacaca]]}}, enkola ya kkooti y’ebyalo ey’ennono. Okuva mu mwaka gwa 2000 ebyenfuna bya Rwanda, omuwendo gw'abalambuzi, [[n’omuwendo gw’enkulaakulana y’abantu]] byakula mangu; wakati wa 2006 ne 2011 obwavu bwakendeera okuva ku bitundu 57% okutuuka ku bitundu 45%, ate [[ng’emyaka omuntu gyasuubirwa okubeera ku nsi]] gyalinnya okuva ku myaka 46.6 mu 2000 okutuuka ku myaka 65.4 mu 2021. Mu kaweefube w’okutumbula obumu bw’eggwanga n’okutabagana, bendera empya eya Rwanda n’oluyimba lw’eggwanga byatongozebwa ku nkomerero ya 2001, ne biggyawo enjawulo ez’amawanga ez’olwatu mu ndagamuntu y’eggwanga entongole == Ebyobufuzi ne gavumenti == Rwanda [[ggwanga lya kibiina kimu]] ''[[mu butongole]]'' <ref name="Yale University Press">{{Cite book |last=Thomson |first=Susan |author-link=Susan Thomson |date=2018 |title=Rwanda: From Genocide to Precarious Peace |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RbxODwAAQBAJ&q=one-party+state |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-23591-3 |page=185 |access-date=11 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231022072324/https://books.google.com/books?id=RbxODwAAQBAJ&q=one-party+state |archive-date=22 October 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="The Conversation">{{Cite news |last=Sebarenzi |first=Joseph |last2=Twagiramungu |first2=Noel |date=8 April 2019 |title=Rwanda's economic growth could be derailed by its autocratic regime |url=https://theconversation.com/rwandas-economic-growth-could-be-derailed-by-its-autocratic-regime-114649 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905203956/https://theconversation.com/rwandas-economic-growth-could-be-derailed-by-its-autocratic-regime-114649 |archive-date=5 September 2023 |access-date=5 September 2023 |work=The Conversation}}</ref> <ref name="Handbook of Restorative Justice">{{Cite book |last=Waldorf |first=Lars |date=2005 |title=Handbook of Restorative Justice |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-203-34682-2 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=jGV_AgAAQBAJ&pg=PT619?] |chapter=Rwanda's failing experiment in restorative justice}}</ref> <ref name="TWQ">{{Cite journal |last=Beswick |first=Danielle |date=2011 |title=Aiding State Building and Sacrificing Peace Building? The Rwanda–UK relationship 1994–2011 |journal=Third World Quarterly |volume=32 |issue=10 |pages=1911–1930 |doi=10.1080/01436597.2011.610593 |issn=0143-6597 |s2cid=153404360}}</ref> <ref name="University of Chicago Press">{{harvnb|Bowman|2015|page=87}}</ref> <ref name="jstor.org">{{Cite journal |last=Reyntjens |first=Filip |date=2011 |title=Behind the Façade of Rwanda's Elections |journal=Georgetown Journal of International Affairs |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=64–69 |issn=1526-0054 |jstor=43133887}}</ref> erifugibwa ekibiina kya [[Rwanda Patriotic Front]] (RPF) n'omukulembeze waakyo [[Paul Kagame]] obutasalako okuva olutalo lw'omunda lwe lwaggwa mu 1994. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stroh |first=Alexander |date=2010 |title=Electoral rules of the authoritarian game: undemocratic effects of proportional representation in Rwanda |journal=Journal of Eastern African Studies |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=1–19 |doi=10.1080/17531050903550066 |s2cid=154910536}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Matfess |first=Hilary |date=2015 |title=Rwanda and Ethiopia: Developmental Authoritarianism and the New Politics of African Strong Men |journal=African Studies Review |volume=58 |issue=2 |pages=181–204 |doi=10.1017/asr.2015.43 |s2cid=143013060 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga Rwanda mu linnya ya demokulasiya, okulonda kukozesebwa mu ngeri ez’enjawulo, omuli okuwera ebibiina ebivuganya gavumenti, okukwata oba okutta abavumirira, n’[[okufera mu kulonda]]. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Waldorf |first=Lars |date=2017 |title=Warlord Democrats in Africa: Ex-Military Leaders and Electoral Politics |url=http://files.webb.uu.se/uploader/1576/Warlord-Democrats-in-Africa.pdf#page=79 |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic / [[Nordic Africa Institute]] |isbn=978-1-78360-248-3 |editor-last=Themnér |editor-first=Anders |chapter=The Apotheosis of a Warlord: Paul Kagame |access-date=27 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231127084243/http://files.webb.uu.se/uploader/1576/Warlord-Democrats-in-Africa.pdf#page=79 |archive-date=27 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> RPF kibiina ekifugibwa [[Tutsi|Abatutsi]] kyokka nga nakyo kifuna obuwagizi okuva mu bitundu ebirala. Ssemateeka ono yayisibwa oluvannyuma lw’akalulu k’eggwanga mu 2003, n’adda mu kifo kya ssemateeka ow’enkyukakyuka eyaliwo okuva mu 1994. Ssemateeka awa obuyinza enkola y'okuba n'ebibiina ebyenjawulo, ng’ebyobufuzi byesigamiziddwa ku demokulasiya n’okulonda. Kyokka ssemateeka assaawo obukwakkulizo ku ngeri ebibiina by’obufuzi gye biyinza okukolamu. Ennyingo 54 egamba nti "ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi bikugirwa okwesigama ku mawanga g'abantu, olubu lw'eggwanga, olulimi, ekika, ekitundu, ekikula ky'omuntu, eddiini oba enjawukana endala yonna eyinza okuvaako okusosola". [[Pulezidenti wa Rwanda]] ye [[mukulembeze w’eggwanga]], era alina obuyinza obugazi omuli okutondawo enkola ng’ali wamu ne [[Kabineti ya Rwanda]], okuduumira [[eggye lya Rwanda]], okuteesa n’okukakasa endagaano, okussa omukono ku biragiro bya pulezidenti, n’okulangirira olutalo oba embeera ey’akabenje. Pulezidenti alondebwa buli luvannyuma lwa myaka etaano, era n’alonda [[ssaabaminisita]] n’ababaka abalala bonna mu kabineti. [[Palamenti]] erimu ebisenge bibiri . Ekola amateeka era ssemateeka agiwa obuyinza okulabirira emirimu gya pulezidenti ne Kabineti. Olukiiko olwa wansi lwe [[Chamber of Deputies (Rwanda)|lukiiko lw’ababaka]], olulimu bammemba 80 abakola ebisanja by’emyaka etaano. Ebifo 24 ku bino biterekebwa abakyala, nga balondebwa nga bayita mu lukiiko olw’awamu olw’abakungu ba gavumenti ez’ebitundu; ebifo ebirala bisatu biterekebwa bammemba abato n’abalema; abasigadde 53 balondebwa mu [[ddembe ly’okulonda erya bonna]] wansi w’enkola y’okukiikirira [[abantu mu kugeraageranya]]. Enkola y'amateeka mu Rwanda okusinga yeesigamiziddwa ku nkola [[Civil law (legal system)|y'amateeka g'obwannannyini]] aga [[Law of Germany|Girimaani]] ne [[Law of Belgium|Bubirigi]] [[Customary law|n'amateeka g'ennono]]. Ekitongole ekiramuzi kyetongodde ku kitongole ekifuzi, wadde nga pulezidenti ne Senate beenyigira mu kulonda abalamuzi ba kkooti ey’oku ntikko. Ekitongole kya Human Rights Watch kitenderezza gavumenti ya Rwanda olw’enkulaakulana ekoleddwa mu kuwa obwenkanya omuli n’okuggyawo ekibonerezo ky’okufa, kyokka era kirumiriza okuyingirira enkola y’ekiramuzi abakiise ba gavumenti, gamba ng’okulonda abalamuzi olw’ebyobufuzi, okukozesa obubi obuyinza bw’okuwaaba, n’okunyigiriza abalamuzi okusalawo mu ngeri ey’enjawulo. Ssemateeka alaga ebika bya kkooti bibiri: ebya bulijjo n’eby’enjawulo. Kkooti eza bulijjo ze [[Kkooti Ensukkulumu]], [[High Court of Rwanda|Kkooti Enkulu]], ne kkooti z’ebitundu, ate kkooti ez’enjawulo ze kkooti z’amagye n’enkola ya kkooti z’ebyobusuubuzi eyatondebwawo mu 2011 okwanguya emisango gy’ebyobusuubuzi. Wakati wa 2004 ne 2012, enkola ya [[Kkooti z’e Gacaca|kkooti z’e ''Gacaca'']] yali ekola. {{Lang|rw|Gacaca}} nga eno yali kkooti ey'ennono nga ekolera ku byalo, n'ebitundu yasobola okukuzibwa era n'etandika okukola ku emisango gyabaali bateeberezebwa okwenyigira mu kittabantu. KKooti yasobola okumalako n'ekyokuggyawo emisango egyali gyekuusa ku kittabantu egyali gisigadde emabega, kyokka ebibiina ebirwanirira eddembe ly’obuntu ne bivumirira nti tetuukana na mutindo gwa bwenkanya mu mateeka. Rwanda omuwendo gw'obuli bw'enguzi mutono bw’ogeraageranya n’amawanga ga Africa amalala agasinga obungi. Mu 2014, ekitongole kya [[Transparency International]] kyassa Rwanda mu kifo kyakutaano mu buyonjo mu mawanga 47 agali mu [[Sub-Saharan Africa]] ate mu kifo kya 55 mu buyonjo ku mawanga 175 mu nsi yonna. Ssemateeka eraga nti waliwo [[omuntu atalina ludda]], ng’emirimu gye mulimu okutangira n’okulwanyisa obuli bw’enguzi. Abakungu ba gavumenti (nga ne pulezidenti mw’omutwalidde) ssemateeka abeetaaza okwanjula eby'obugagga byabwe eri omuntu oyo alondebwa ssemateeka n’abantu bonna; abatagoberera mateeka bayimirizibwa ku ofiisi. Wadde nga kino kiri bwe kityo, ekitongole kya Human Rights Watch kyetegereza okunyigirizibwa okw’amaanyi omuobufuzi mu ggwanga lyonna, omuli okusibibwa mu ngeri emenya amateeka era mu ngeri etali nnambulukufu, okutiisatiisa , okubuzibwawo, okuwozesebwa olw’ebyobufuzi, n’okutta abantu baabulijjo ab'ekalakaasa mu mirembe.<ref name="Roth">{{Cite book |last=Roth |first=Kenneth |date=10 December 2019 |title=Rwanda Events of 2019 |url=https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2020/country-chapters/rwanda |publisher=Human Rights Watch |access-date=4 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414062456/https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2020/country-chapters/rwanda |archive-date=14 April 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Rwanda mmemba w'ekibiina [[Lisangá lya Bikólo bya Molɔ́ngɔ́|ky'amawanga amagatte]], [[African Union|omukago gwa Africa]], [[La Francophonie|Francophonie]], [[omukago gwa East Africa]], ne [[Commonwealth of Nations]]. Okumala emyaka mingi mu kiseera ky’obufuzi bwa Habyarimana, eggwanga lino lyakuuma enkolagana ey’oku lusegere ne Bufalansa, awamu ne Bubirigi, agaali amafuzi g'amatwale. Wabula mu gavumenti ya RPF, Rwanda ebadde enoonya enkolagana ey’oku lusegere n’amawanga ag’omuliraano mu mukago gwa East African Community n’amawanga agooogera Olungereza. Enkolagana y’abakungu ne Bufalansa yayimirizibwa mu 2006 oluvannyuma lw’abakungu ba Rwanda okuvunaanibwa omulamuzi wa Bufalansa, era wadde nga nkolagana yazzibwawo mu 2010, we bwatuukira mu 2015 enkolagana wakati w’amawanga gano ekyali mu kattu. Enkolagana ne [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] yali ya bunkenke oluvannyuma lwa Rwanda okwenyigira mu [[olutalo lwa Congo olwasooka]] n'olwokubiri; amagye ga Congo gaalumiriza Rwanda okulumba amagye gaabwe, ate Rwanda n’anenya gavumenti ya Congo olw’okulemererwa okunafuya abayeekera Abahutu mu masaza ga [[Bukiikakkono]] ne [[Bukiikaddyo bwa Kivu]]. Mu 2010, ekibiina ky’amawanga amagatte kyafulumya alipoota nga kirumiriza amagye ga Rwanda okutyoboola eddembe ly’obuntu n’ebikolobero ebityoboola eddembe ly’obuntu mu Democratic Republic of the Congo mu [[olutalo lw’e Congo olwasooka]] n’olwokubiri, emisango gavumenti ya Rwanda gye yeegaana. Enkolagana yeeyongera okukaluba mu 2012, Kinshasa bwe yalumiriza Rwanda okuwagira [[obuyeekera bwa M23]], obuyeekera mu buvanjuba bwa Congo. Mu 2015 emirembe gyali gizzeemu era enkolagana yali etereera, naye we bwatuukira mu Ogwolubereberye 2025 obuwagizi bwa Rwanda obuggya eri obujeemu bwa M23 bwaleetera DR Congo okusalako enkolagana y’abakungu oluvannyuma lw’[[okulumba Goma mu 2025]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 January 2025 |title=The Democratic Republic of the Congo cut off diplomatic ties with Rwanda on Sunday as the rebel group M23, believed to be backed by Kigali, closed in on the eastern city of Goma. |url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20250126-dr-congo-severs-ties-with-rwanda-as-m23-rebel-group-closes-in-on-goma |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126161142/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20250126-dr-congo-severs-ties-with-rwanda-as-m23-rebel-group-closes-in-on-goma |archive-date=26 January 2025 |access-date=29 January 2025 |work=[[France24]]}}</ref> Enkolagana ya Rwanda ne [[Uganda]] nayo yali ya bunkenke okumala ekitundu ekinene eky’emyaka gya 2000 oluvannyuma lw’okulwanagana okwaliwo mu 1999 wakati w’amagye g’amawanga gombi nga gawagira ebibinja by’abayeekera abaali bavuganya mu lutalo lw’e Congo olw’okubiri, kyokka n’etereera nnyo ku ntandikwa y’emyaka gya 2010. Mu 2019 enkolagana wakati w’amawanga gombi yeesala, Rwanda n’eggalawo ensalo zaayo eri Uganda. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Malingha |first=David |date=8 March 2019 |title=Why a Closed Border Has Uganda, Rwanda at Loggerheads |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-03-08/why-a-closed-border-has-uganda-rwanda-at-loggerheads-quicktake |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420234647/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-03-08/why-a-closed-border-has-uganda-rwanda-at-loggerheads-quicktake |archive-date=20 April 2019 |access-date=9 March 2020 |publisher=Bloomberg}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Butera |first=Saul |last2=Ojambo |first2=Fred |date=21 February 2020 |title=Uganda, Rwanda Hold Talks On Security Concerns, Reopening Border |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-02-21/uganda-rwanda-hold-talks-on-security-concerns-reopening-border |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306072656/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-02-21/uganda-rwanda-hold-talks-on-security-concerns-reopening-border |archive-date=6 March 2020 |access-date=9 March 2020 |publisher=Bloomberg}}</ref> Nga 25 Ogwolubereberye 2025, [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] yakutula enkolagana y’abakungu ne Rwanda olw’ebigambibwa nti yali ewagira [[ekibinja ky’abayeekera ekya M23]] ekikolera mu ggwanga lino. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Asiimwe |first=George |date=25 January 2025 |title=DRC Recalls Diplomats from Rwanda, Orders Kigali Embassy Closure Amid M23 Conflict |url=https://chimpreports.com/drc-recalls-diplomats-from-rwanda-orders-kigali-embassy-closure-amid-m23-conflict/ |access-date=9 December 2025 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2025 |title=DR Congo severs ties with Rwanda as M23 rebel group closes in on Goma |url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20250126-dr-congo-severs-ties-with-rwanda-as-m23-rebel-group-closes-in-on-goma |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126161142/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20250126-dr-congo-severs-ties-with-rwanda-as-m23-rebel-group-closes-in-on-goma |archive-date=26 January 2025 |access-date=9 December 2025 |website=France 24 |language=en}}</ref> == Amaje gaayo == Amagye g’eggwanga ge ga [[Rwandan Defence Force|Rwanda Defence Force]] (RDF), nga gano galimu amagye ga Rwanda ag’oku ttaka, [[eggye ly’omu bbanga erya Rwanda]], n’amatabi ag’enjawulo ag’obuweereza.<ref>{{Cite book |last=[[International Institute for Strategic Studies]] |year=2024 |title=The Military Balance 2024 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-032-78004-7 |pages=515–516}}</ref> RDF yatandikibwawo oluvannyuma lw’olutalo lw’omunda mu 1994 okuva mu nnyiriri z’eggye ly’abayeekera erya [[Rwandan Patriotic Front|Rwanda Patriotic Front]] (RPF), nga lidda mu bigere by’eyali gavumenti eya ''Forces Armées Rwandaises'' (FAR). Okwewandiisa mu RDF kwa kyeyagalire kwonna, era ku myaka egitakka wansi wa 18. Ensaasaanya y’amagye ekola ekitundu ekyeyoleka mu mbalirira y’eggwanga, nga kino kiraga ebyokwerinda by’eggwanga mu kitundu ebikola. Wadde nga Rwanda ntono nnyo, ekuuma emu ku magye agasinga okukola emirimu mu buvanjuba bwa Africa. Eggwanga lino lifuuse lye limu ku mawanga agasinga okuyamba abakozi mu bikwekweto [[by’ekibiina ky’Amawanga Amagatte eky’okukuuma emirembe]] mu nsi yonna, nga bulijjo liri mu mawanga asatu agasinga okuwaayo amagye ku mabbali ga Nepal ne Bangladesh.<ref>{{Cite web |last=United Nations Peacekeeping |date=30 April 2025 |title=Uniformed Personnel Contributing Countries by Ranking |url=https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/troop-and-police-contributors |access-date=19 June 2026 |website=un.org}}</ref> Ebibinja bya RDF n’ebitongole bya poliisi ebitondeddwawo biyiiriddwa nnyo mu mirimu gy’okutebenkeza abantu okwetoloola ssemazinga ono, okusinga wansi w’ekitongole ky’amawanga amagatte ekivunaanyizibwa ku kutebenkeza emirimu mu Central African Republic (MINUSCA) era nga emabegako kyali wansi w’ekikwekweto kya African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation mu Darfur (UNAMID).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Beswick |first=Danielle |date=2010 |title=Peacekeeping, dependency and sovereignty: Reflections on regional power and international intervention in Africa |journal=[[Review of African Political Economy]] |volume=37 |issue=126 |pages=437–451 |doi=10.1080/03056244.2010.530461 |doi-broken-date=12 July 2026}}</ref> Ng’oggyeeko ebiragiro by’ekibiina ky’Amawanga Amagatte eby’amawanga amangi, Rwanda etera okukozesa enkola z’amagye ez’amawanga gombi ezeetongodde okukola ku bizibu by’omu kitundu. Okuva mu July 2021, RDF ebadde ekuuma abantu bangi mu ssaza ly’e Cabo Delgado mu bukiikakkono bwa [[Mozambique]] okulwanyisa obuyeekera bw’Abasiraamu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shield |first=Ralph |date=2023 |title=Rwanda's War in Mozambique: Road-Testing a 'Kigali Principles' approach to counterinsurgency? |journal=[[Small Wars & Insurgencies]] |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=161–187 |doi=10.1080/09592318.2023.2260270 |doi-broken-date=12 July 2026}}</ref> Oluvanyuma lw’ekibiina kya Southern African Development Community Mission in Mozambique (SAMIM) okuva mu mwaka gwa 2024, emirimu gyabwe gyagaziwa nnyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hill |first=Matthew |date=28 May 2024 |title=Rwanda Deploys 2,000 More Troops to Gas-Rich Mozambique Region |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-05-28/rwanda-deploys-2-000-more-troops-to-gas-rich-mozambique-region |access-date=19 June 2026 |website=[[Bloomberg News]]}}</ref> As of 2026 , ebiwandiiko ebitongole okuva mu kitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku kusindika abayeekera byalaga nti abajaasi ba Rwanda n’abebyokwerinda abasoba mu 6,300 baali banyiikivu mu ssaza lino okunafuya obusobozi bw’abayeekera n’okukuuma ebikozesebwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 June 2026 |title=Cabo Delgado: Government Says Rwandan Presence "Provides Time to Reorganise National Forces" |url=https://360mozambique.com/development/cabo-delgado-government-says-rwandan-presence-provides-time-to-reorganise-national-forces/ |access-date=19 June 2026 |website=360 Mozambique}}</ref> Mu ggwanga, RDF etegekeddwa nnyo mu pulojekiti z'enkulaakulana y'abantu baabulijjo, ng'eyiwa bayinginiya b'amagye, abakozi b'ebyobujjanjabi, n'ebitongole ebitambuza ebintu okuzimba ebizimbe bya gavumenti n'amasomero mu kampeyini y'okubunyisa amawulire buli mwaka emanyiddwa nga "RDF Citizen Production Army". == Enjawukana mu by’obufuzi == Rwanda bwe yali tennaba kufugibwa mawanga g’obugwanjuba ag'abafuzi b'amatwale, enkola ya gavumenti yalina enkola eringa ey’ebyobufuzi ebyetooloolera ku bibiina ebingi n’okugabana obuyinza. Wadde nga waaliwo ensengeka enkakali, enkola eyasooka nga abafuzi b'amatwale tebannatuuka yali ekwataganya eya "obuyinza obwa gavumenti y'awakati n'ebitundu ebirina obwetwaze ebisaasaanyiziddwa." Ku mulembe gwa bakabaka, Omutaka eyalondebwa yafuga essaza eryali lyawuddwamu disitulikiti eziwera. Abakungu abalala babiri abaalondebwa head Chief nga be bafuga disitulikiti; omukungu omu yaweebwa obuyinza ku ttaka ate omulala n’alabirira ente. [[Kabaka]] ( {{Lang|rw|mwami}} ) yafuga nga bayita mu nkola y’amasaza, disitulikiti, obusozi, n’emiriraano. Okuva mu 2003, ssemateeka [[Subdivisions of Rwanda|yagabanya]] Rwanda mu [[Provinces of Rwanda|masaza]] ( {{Lang|rw|intara}} ), [[Districts of Rwanda|amagombolola]] ( {{Lang|rw|uturere}} ), ebibuga, munisipaali, ebibuga, [[Sectors of Rwanda|ebitundu]] ( {{Lang|rw|imirenge}} ), n’ebyalo ( {{Lang|rw|imidugudu}} ); ebitundu ebinene, n’ensalo zaabyo, biteekebwawo Palamenti. Mu Gwolubereberye 2006, Rwanda yaddamu okutegekebwa era amasaza kkuminaabiri ne gagattibwa ne gakola ataano, ate disitulikiti 106 ne zigattibwa ne zifuuka amakumi asatu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gwillim Law |date=27 April 2010 |title=Rwanda Districts |url=http://www.statoids.com/yrw.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821085718/http://www.statoids.com/yrw.html |archive-date=21 August 2020 |access-date=10 October 2022 |website=www.statoids.com}}</ref> Ensalo eziriwo kati ezaakubwa mu 2006 zaali zigendereddwamu okugabanya obuyinza n’okuggyawo enkolagana n’enkola enkadde n’ekittabantu. Ensengeka eyasooka ey’amasaza ekkuminaabiri agakwatagana n’ebibuga ebisinga obunene yakyusibwa n’efuulibwa amasaza ataano nga okusinga geesigamiziddwa ku nkula y’ensi. Gano mulimu [[Northern Province, Rwanda|essaza ly'obukiikakkono]], [[Southern Province, Rwanda|Essaza ly'obukikaddyo]], [[Eastern Province, Rwanda|Essaza ly'obuvanjuba]], [[Western Province, Rwanda|Essaza ly'obugwanjuba]], ne Munisipaali y'e Kigali mu makkati. [[Category:Ensi za Afirika]] or05ihysvmg4dbsaytf6glxl4sj6stb 66856 66855 2026-08-05T20:06:34Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 de-wikilinked and wikilinked 66856 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Country||image_flag=Flag of Rwanda.svg}}'''Rwanda''', nga mu mateeka eyitibwa Republic of Rwanda, ggwanga eritalina mwalo guva ku nnyanja nnene mu [[buvanjuba bwa Afirika]].[a][b] Ekifo kino kisangibwa mu nsozi mu bugwanjuba n'ebisolo ne saavannah bukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba. Ennyanja ezisinga obunene n'okwetegerezebwa ennyo zisangibwa mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba n'ebukiikakkono w'eggwanga, ate ensozi eziwandula omuliro ezikola olujegere lwa [[Virunga]] nga okusingira ddala ziri mu bukiikakkono bwa bugwanjuba. Embeera y'obudde etwalibwa ng'ey'ensozi, ng'erimu sizoni bbiri ez'enkuba n'endala bbiri ez'ekyeya buli mwaka. Ekibuga kyayo ekikulu era nga ky'ekibuga ekisinga obunene, ye [[Kigali]], ekiri mu masekkati g'eggwanga, ku [[mmita]] 1,567 waggulu w'obuwanvu bw'ennyanja. Rwanda esangibwa mu bukiikaddyo bwa Equator mu Great Rift Valley ey'o[[Buvanjuba bwa Afirika]]. Rwanda erina ensalo ne [[Uganda]] mu bukiikakkono bwayo, [[Tanzania]] mu buvanjuba, [[Burundi]] mu bukiikaddyo, ne [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] mu bugwanjuba. Nga erina abantu abasoba mu bukadde 14 ababeera mu kitundu kya 26,338 square kilometers (10,169 sq mi), nga etaka kwe bali lirimu ebitundu by'ettaka eriweza ebitundu nga 93.7%, Rwanda y'ensi ey'omulundi ogwa 21 mu nsi yonna, erina abantu nga 578 buli square kilometers (1,500 buli square mayiro). [[Abayizin'abalonzi b'emmere y'okuttale]] baasenga mu kitundu mu biseera by'amayinja n'eby'ekyuma (Stone and Iron Ages), oluvannyuma Abantu b'olyubu lw'abantu oluyitibwa Bantu ne bagoberera. Abantu baasooka kwegatta mu [[Clans of Rwanda|bika]], ate oluvannyuma ne bafuuka obwakabaka. Mu kyasa eky'ekkuminettaano, obwakabaka obumu, wansi wa [[Kabaka Gihanga]], bwasobola okugatta ebitundu ebiriraanyeewo ebingi ne butandikawo [[Obwakabaka bwa Rwanda]]. Obwakabaka bwa Rwanda bwafuga okuva mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'ekkumi n'omunaana, nga bakabaka baayo ab'ekika kya Tutsi bawangula abalala mu by'amagye, okuteekawo obuyinza obwenkomeredde, n'okussa mu nkola enkola ez'obumu. Mu 1897, [[Girimane|Germany]] yawamba Rwanda neefuuka ekitundu kyayo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ekya [[German East Africa]], n'oluvannyuma ne kuddako [[Bubirigi|Belgium]], eyafuna obuyinza mu 1916 mu kiseera kya [[Ssematalo|Ssematalo I]]. Amawanga ga Bulaaya gano gombi gaafuga eggwanga lino okuyita mu kabaka wa Rwanda era ne gatambulira ku nkola y'okuwagira Abatuusi. Abantu b'e Hutu baajeemera gavumenti mu 1959, era ne Batta Abatuusi bangi era mu nkomerero ne batandikawo ekitundu ekyali kyetwala, nga kisingamu Abahutu mu 1962 nga bakulemberwa Pulezidenti [[Grégoire Kayibanda]]. Mu 1973 Kayibanda yaggyibwa mu buyinza era Juvénal Habyarimana n'atandika okufuga, era n'asigala ng'ali wamu n'Abahutu. Ekibiina kya Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) ekikulemberwa Tutsi kyatandika [[Rwandan Civil War|olutalo olw'omunda]] mu 1990. Habyarimana [[Assassination of Juvénal Habyarimana and Cyprien Ntaryamira|yattibwa]] mu Gwokuna 1994 ebibiina ebitaamanyibwa. Obukuubagano bw'abantu bwabalukawo mu lutalo lw'e Rwanda olwakolebwa bannalukalala ba Hutu Power eri Abatuusi. RPF yakomya okutta abantu n'obuwanguzi mu Gwomusanvu 1994. Rwanda ezze efugibwa RPF ng'eggwanga ery'ekibiina ekiri mu mateeka ekimu okuva mu 1994 ng'omukulembeze w'eggwanga [[Paul Kagame]] ye pulezidenti okuva mu 2000. Eggwanga lizzew lifugibwa gavumenti ez'obuyinza okuva mu biseera byabafuzi b'amatwal. Newankubadde nga Rwanda erina omuwendo mutono ogw'[[obuli bw'enguzi]] bw'ogugeraageranya n'amawanga ag'omuliraano, y'emu ku nsi ezisinga obutono mu kunoonyereza kw'ensi yonna okw'obwenkanya bwa gavumenti n'eddembe ly'abantu, wadde ng'ebituukiddwako gye buvuddeko wabaddewo bisituddeeggwanga lino okutuukua mu ttuluba ly'awakati ku Human Development Index. Abantu baayo bakyali bato ate nga basinga kubeera mu byalo; Rwanda y'emu ku bantu abasembayo obuto mu nsi yonna. Abantu b'omu Rwanda bava mu kibiina kimu kyokka eky'obuwangwa n'olulimi, [[Banyarwanda]]. Wabula, mu kibinja kino mulimu ebibinja bisatu: [[Aba-Hutu]], Aba-Tutsi, n'Aba-[[Twa]]. Twa babeera mu kibira mu Central Africa era batera okutwalibwa ng'abazzukulu b'abantu abaasooka mu Rwanda. Obukulistaayo ye ddiini esinga obunene mu ggwanga; olulimi olusinga okwogerwa abantu b'omu Rwanda, ng'[[Olungereza]], [[Olufalansa]], n'[[Oluswayiri]] bye bimu ku nnimi ez'obwannannyini. Ebyenfuna bya Rwanda byesigamiziddwa ku mpeereza, ebyobulimi okutunda ebweru w’eggwanga, n’amakolero. Kaawa n'amajaani bye [[birime ebikulu eby’ensimbi]] by’efulumya ebweru w’eggwanga, wadde nga bisukka mu kukola amatooke. Ekisaawe ky' [[Eby’obulambuzi]] kikula mangu era kati kye kisinga okuyingiza ssente z’ebweru mu ggwanga. Okunoonyereza okwasembyeyo mu 2024, abantu 30.5% baakosebwa [[obwavu obw’enjawulo]] nga 27.4% bali wansi w’oluoimiro lw’obwavu mu ggwanga. Eggwanga lino liri mu mukago gwa [[African Union]], [[Lisangá lya Bikólo bya Molɔ́ngɔ́|United Nations]], [[Commonwealth of Nations]] (emu ku ba mmemba abatono abatalina kakwate ka byafaayo na [[British Empire|bwakabaka bwa Bungereza]] ), [[Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa|COMESA]], [[Organisation internationale de la Francophonie|OIF]], n'omukago gwa [[East African Community]] . == Ensibuko y’erinnya (Etymology). == Erinnya ''Rwanda'' liva mu kigambo Ku-aanda, ekitegeeza "okugaziwa" oba "okusaasaana okuva mu makkati", ekiraga okukula kw'ebyafaayo kw'[[Obwakabaka bwa Rwanda]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Land of Violence, A Land of Conquest: Memory, Truth, Historical Continuity, and Imperialism in Rwanda {{!}} Journal of Public and International Affairs |url=https://jpia.princeton.edu/news/land-violence-land-conquest-memory-truth-historical-continuity-and-imperialism-rwanda |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251004114443/https://jpia.princeton.edu/news/land-violence-land-conquest-memory-truth-historical-continuity-and-imperialism-rwanda |archive-date=4 October 2025 |access-date=10 October 2025 |website=jpia.princeton.edu |language=en}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo by'alyo == Okusenga kw’abantu okw’omulembe guno mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Rwanda kwava, mu kiseera ekyasembayo, mu [[budde ky’omuzira ng'eggwako]], ku biseera ebibiri, ekiseera kya [[Neolithic]] nga 8,000 BC, oba mu kiseera ekiwanvu ekya [[humid]] ekyaddirira, okutuuka nga 3,000 BC. Okusima eby’edda kwazuula obujulizi nti [[abayizzi era abakunganya]] b'emmere y'okuttale tebaabeerangawo nnyo mu kiseera kya [[Stone Age]] ekyasembayo, wabula ate ekyo kyaddirirwa omuwendo omunene ogw’abasenze abaasooka mu gw'okusaanuusa ebyuma oba [[Iron Age]], abaakolanga [[ensuwa]] ezirimu ebinnya n’ebikozesebwa eby'ebyuma. Abatuuze bano abaasooka be baali bajjajja b’aba [[Twa]], [[abayizzi era abakunganya]] b'emmere y'okuttale [[abambuti]] ab’enjawulo abaasigala mu Rwanda ne leero. Olwo mu mwaka gwa 3,000 BC, abalimi n’abalunzi b’amasekkati [[ga Sudanic]] ne [[Kuliak]] baatandika okusenga mu Rwanda, ne baddirirwa abalunzi aboogera [[olulimi Olucushitic]] mu 2,000 BC.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Schoenbrun |first=David L. |year=1993 |title=We Are What We Eat: Ancient Agriculture between the Great Lakes |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=15–16 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700032989 |jstor=183030 |s2cid=162660041}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Taylor |first=Christopher C. |date=13 September 2020 |title=Sacrifice as Terror: The Rwandan Genocide of 1994 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qHf8DwAAQBAJ |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-18448-8 |pages=63–65 |access-date=2 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250404221104/https://books.google.com/books?id=qHf8DwAAQBAJ |archive-date=4 April 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Aba Twa ababeera mu bibira baafiirwa ekitundu ekinene eky’ebifo mwe baabeeranga ne basenguka ne bagenda ku nsozi. Wakati wa 800 BC ne 1500 AD, ebibinja [[by’Ababantu]] ebiwerako byasenguka ne biyingira e Rwanda, nga bitema ettaka ly’ebibira okulima. Bannabyafaayo balina endowooza eziwerako ku ngeri y’okusenguka kw’Ababantu; endowooza emu eri nti abaasooka okusenga baali [[Bahutu]], ate oluvannyuma [[Abatutsi]] ne basenguka ne bakola ekibinja ky’amawanga ag’enjawulo, nga kiyinzika okuba nga baava mu Nilo-hamitic. Endowooza endala eri nti okusenguka kwali kwa mpola era nga kunywevu, ng’ebibinja ebiyingira byegatta mu kifo ky’okuwangula abantu abaaliwo.Mu ndowooza eno, enjawulo y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi yavaayo oluvannyuma era yali njawulo ya kibiina okusinga ey’amawanga. Engeri eyasooka ey’enkwatagana y'abantu mu kitundu ekyo yali ya kika ( ''ubwoko'' ). Ebika tebyakoma ku nnyiriri z’abuzaale oba ekitundu kyokka, era ebisinga byalimu Abahutu, Abatutsi, n’Abatwa. Okuva mu kyasa eky’ekkuminettaano, ebika byatandika okwegatta ne bifuuka obwakabaka. Obwakabaka obumu, nga bufugibwa Kabaka Gihanga, bwasobola okuyingiza ebitundu ebiwerako eby’omuliraano gwabwo ogw’okumpi ne butandikawo [[Obwakabaka bwa Rwanda]]. Mu mwaka gwa 1700, obwakabaka nga bwa mirundi munaana bwe bwali bubaddewo mu Rwanda ya leero. Obumu ku buno nga bwe bwa, [[Obwakabaka bwa Rwanda]] obwali bufugibwa ekika ky’Abatutsi [[Nyiginya]], bweyongera okufuga okuva mu makkati g’ekyasa eky’ekkuminoomunaana. Obwakabaka bwatuuka ku ntikko mu kyasa eky'ekkuminoomwenda ku mulembe gwa Ssekabaka [[Kigeli Rwabugiri]] . Rwabugiri yawangula amawanga amatonotono agawerako, n’agaziya obwakabaka okidda mu Bugwanjuba n’obukiikakkono, era n’atandikawo ennongoosereza mu nfuga; mu bino {{Lang|rw|[[ubuhake]]}}, nga mu kino abawagizi b’Abatutsi baawaayo ente, n’olwekyo n’enkizo, eri bakasitoma b’Abahutu oba Abatutsi nga bawaanyisiganya obuweereza obw’ebyenfuna n’obw’obuntu, ne {{Lang|rw|uburetwa}}, enkola ya [[corvée]] ng’Abahutu bawalirizibwa okukolera abaami b’Abatutsi. Enkyukakyuka za Rwabugiri zaavaako enjawukana okweyongera wakati w’Abahutu n’Abatutsi. Aba Twa baali bulungi okusinga mu biseera nga Obwakabaka tebunnabaawo, ng’abamu bafuuka abazinyi mu lubiri lw’obwakabaka, naye omuwendo gwabwe gweyongera okukendeera. [[Olukungaana lwa Berlin|Olukungaana lw'e Berlin]] olwatuula u 1884 lwagaba ekitundu kino eri [[Obwakabaka bwa Girimaani]], obwalangirira nti kitundu kya [[Bugirimaani ey'obuvanjuba bwa Afrika]] . Mu 1894, omuvumbuzi [[Gustav Adolf von Götzen]] ye Muzungu eyasooka okutambula ekitundu kya Rwanda kyonna, nga ono yasomoka okuva ebukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba okutuuka ku nnyanja Kivu n’asisinkana kabaka. Mu 1897, Girimaani yatandika okubeerawo mu Rwanda bwe yakola omukago ne kabaka, n’etandika omulembe gw’amatwale.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Carney |first=J.J. |year=2013 |title=Rwanda Before the Genocide: Catholic Politics and Ethnic Discourse in the Late Colonial Era |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lKFpAgAAQBAJ |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-998228-8 |page=24 |access-date=25 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701074114/https://books.google.com/books?id=lKFpAgAAQBAJ |archive-date=1 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Abagirimaani tebaakyusa nnyo nsengeka y’embeera z’abantu mu ggwanga, wabula nga bawagira kabaka n’abakulu abaaliwo, era nga bakwasa abaami b’ebitundu obuyinza.<ref>See also Helmut Strizek, "Geschenkte Kolonien: Ruanda und Burundi unter deutscher Herrschaft", Berlin: Ch.</ref> Amagye ga [[Bubirigi|Belgium]] gaalumba Rwanda ne [[Burundi]] mu 1916, mu kiseera kya [[Ssematalo|Ssematalo I]], era oluvannyuma, mu 1922, gaatandika okufuga Rwanda ne Burundi ng’ekiragiro kya [[League of Nations]] ekyayitibwa [[Ruanda-Urundi]] era ne gatandika ekiseera eky’obufuzi bw’amatwale obutereevu. Ababirigi baayanguya era ne bassa obuyinza mu mikono gya gavumenti, ne baleeta pulojekiti ennene mu byenjigiriza, ebyobulamu, emirimu gya gavumenti, n’okulondoola eby’obulimi, omuli ebirime ebipya n’okulongoosa obukodyo bw’ebyobulimi okugezaako okukendeeza ku njala. Abagirimaani n’Ababirigi, oluvannyuma lw’obufuzi bwa [[New Imperialism]], baatumbula obukulu bw’Abatutsi, nga balowooza nti Abahutu n’Abatutsi [[ab’amawanga]] ag’enjawulo. Mu 1935, Bubirigi yaleeta enkola ya ndagamuntu, eyalaganga buli muntu kye yali oba Mututsi, Muhutu, Mutwa oba Abasenze. Wadde nga emabegako kyali kisoboka Abahutu naddala abagagga okufuuka Abatutsi ab’ekitiibwa, densite zaalemesa okwongera okutambula wakati w’amadaala. Bubirigi yagenda mu maaso n'okufuga [[Ruanda-Urundi]] (Rwanda gye yakola ekitundu eky'obukiikakkono) ng'ekitundu ky'ekibiina ky'Amawanga Amagatte eky'obwesige oluvannyuma lwa [[Ssematalo II]], ng'erina obuyinza okulabirira [[obwetwaze]] obwabanga butuuse okufunibwa. Okusika omuguwa kweyongera wakati w’Abatutsi, abaali baagala okwefuga nga bukyali, n’ekibiina ky’Abahutu eky’okuwa abantu eddembe, ekyavaamu e [[Nkyukakyuka ya Rwanda]] mu 1959 : Abahutu baatandika okutta Abatutsi n’okusaanyaawo amayumba gaabwe, ne bawaliriza abantu abasoba mu 100,000 okunoonya obubudamu mu mawanga ag’omuliraano. Mu 1961, Ababirigi abaali bawagira Abahutu mu bwangu baakola [[akalulu k’ekikungo]] eggwanga mwe lyakuba akalulu okuggyawo obwakabaka. Rwanda yayawulwa ku Burundi n’efuna obwetwaze nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1962, olujjukirwa ng’olunaku lw’ameefuga, mu ggwanga.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Karuhanga |first=James |date=30 June 2018 |title=Independence Day: Did Rwanda really gain independence on July 1, 1962? |url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/independence-day-did-rwanda-really-gain-independence-july-1-1962 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630010535/http://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/independence-day-did-rwanda-really-gain-independence-july-1-1962 |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=1 July 2018 |work=[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]]}}</ref> Okuyiwa omusaayi kweyongera nga mu buwanganguse abayeekera Abatutsi baalumba okuva mu mawanga ag’omuliraano ate gavumenti eyakulemberwa Abahutu n’eddamu okwesasuza n’okutta n’okunyigiriza abantu baabulijjo Abatutsi munda mu Rwanda. Mu 1973, [[Juvénal Habyarimana]] yakwata obuyinza nga ayita mu [[kuwamba gavumenti wamu n'amagye]]. Okusosola kw’Abahutu kwagenda mu maaso, naye waaliwo okukulaakulana okw’amaanyi mu by’enfuna era n’obutabanguko obwali bukendedde ku Batutsi. Aba Twa baasigala nga basuuliddwa ku mabbali, era mu 1990 we gwatuukira kumpi gavumenti yabawalirizibwa okuva mu bibira; bangi baafuuka basabiriza. Omuwendo gw’abantu mu Rwanda gwali gweyongedde okuva ku bantu akakadde 1.6 mu 1934 okutuuka ku bantu obukadde 7.1 mu 1989, ekyavaako okuvuganya ku ttaka. Mu 1990, ekibinja ky’abayeekera ekya [[Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF)]], ekyalimu ababundabunda aba Tutsi, kyalumba obukiikakkono bwa Rwanda nga basinziira mu nkambi yaabwe mu Uganda, ne kitandikawo [[olutalo lw’omunda mu Rwanda]] . Ekibiina kino kyavumirira gavumenti eyali efugibwa Abahutu olw’okulemererwa okuteekawo demokulasiya n’okutunuulira ebizibu ababundabunda bano bye baalina. Tewali ludda lwonna lwasobola kufuna nkizo ya maanyi mu lutalo, naye mu 1992 lwali lunafuyizza obuyinza bwa Habyarimana; okwekalakasa kw’abantu abangi kwamuwaliriza okukola omukago n’oludda oluvuganya mu ggwanga era okukkakkana ng’atadde omukono ku [[ndagaano za Arusha]] eza 1993 ne RPF. == Ekittabantu e Rwanda == Okussa wansi eby'okulwanyisa kwaggwawo nga 6 Ogwokuna 1994 ennyonyi ya Habyarimana bwe yakubwa okumpi n’ekisaawe ky’ennyonyi e Kigali, n’afa. Okukuba ennyonyi eno amasasi kwakola ng’ekyavaako ekittabantu e Rwanda, ekyatandika mu ssaawa ntono okuva awo. Mu nnaku nga 100, wakati w’abantu 500,000 ne 1,000,000 Abatutsi n’Abahutu ab’ekigero mu byobufuzi battibwa mu bulumbaganyi obwali butegekeddwa obulungi ku biragiro bya gavumenti ey’ekiseera. Abatwa bangi nabo battibwa, wadde nga baali tebagendereddwa butereevu. Aba Tutsi mu RPF baddamu okulumba, era ne batwala obuyinza ku ggwanga mu nkola, ne bafuna obuyinza ku ggwanga lyonna mu makkati g'Ogwomusanvu. Engeri ensi yonna gye yakwatamu ekittabantu kino yali si y'amaanyi, ng’amawanga ag'amaanyi tegaayagala kwongera ggye ly'amawanga magatte amaanyi ng'ate lyali lirina maanyi agamala. RPF bwe yakwata obuyinza, Abahutu nga obukadde bubiri [[baddukira mu mawanga ag’omuliraano]], naddala [[Zaïre]], nga batya okwesasuza; okugatta ku ekyo, eggye eryakulemberwa RPF lyali lya maanyi nnyo mu [[lutalo lw'e Congo olwasooka]] n'[[olwokubiri]] . Munda mu Rwanda, ekiseera ky’okutabagana n’obwenkanya kyatandika, nga watandikibwawo [[kkooti y’ensi yonna evunaanyizibwa ku buzzi bw’emisango mu Rwanda]] (ICTR) n’okuddamu okuyingiza {{Lang|rw|[[Gacaca]]}}, enkola ya kkooti y’ebyalo ey’ennono. Okuva mu mwaka gwa 2000 ebyenfuna bya Rwanda, omuwendo gw'abalambuzi, [[n’omuwendo gw’enkulaakulana y’abantu]] byakula mangu; wakati wa 2006 ne 2011 obwavu bwakendeera okuva ku bitundu 57% okutuuka ku bitundu 45%, ate [[ng’emyaka omuntu gyasuubirwa okubeera ku nsi]] gyalinnya okuva ku myaka 46.6 mu 2000 okutuuka ku myaka 65.4 mu 2021. Mu kaweefube w’okutumbula obumu bw’eggwanga n’okutabagana, bendera empya eya Rwanda n’oluyimba lw’eggwanga byatongozebwa ku nkomerero ya 2001, ne biggyawo enjawulo ez’amawanga ez’olwatu mu ndagamuntu y’eggwanga entongole == Ebyobufuzi ne gavumenti == Rwanda [[ggwanga lya kibiina kimu]] ''[[mu butongole]]'' <ref name="Yale University Press">{{Cite book |last=Thomson |first=Susan |author-link=Susan Thomson |date=2018 |title=Rwanda: From Genocide to Precarious Peace |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RbxODwAAQBAJ&q=one-party+state |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-23591-3 |page=185 |access-date=11 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231022072324/https://books.google.com/books?id=RbxODwAAQBAJ&q=one-party+state |archive-date=22 October 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="The Conversation">{{Cite news |last=Sebarenzi |first=Joseph |last2=Twagiramungu |first2=Noel |date=8 April 2019 |title=Rwanda's economic growth could be derailed by its autocratic regime |url=https://theconversation.com/rwandas-economic-growth-could-be-derailed-by-its-autocratic-regime-114649 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905203956/https://theconversation.com/rwandas-economic-growth-could-be-derailed-by-its-autocratic-regime-114649 |archive-date=5 September 2023 |access-date=5 September 2023 |work=The Conversation}}</ref> <ref name="Handbook of Restorative Justice">{{Cite book |last=Waldorf |first=Lars |date=2005 |title=Handbook of Restorative Justice |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-203-34682-2 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=jGV_AgAAQBAJ&pg=PT619?] |chapter=Rwanda's failing experiment in restorative justice}}</ref> <ref name="TWQ">{{Cite journal |last=Beswick |first=Danielle |date=2011 |title=Aiding State Building and Sacrificing Peace Building? The Rwanda–UK relationship 1994–2011 |journal=Third World Quarterly |volume=32 |issue=10 |pages=1911–1930 |doi=10.1080/01436597.2011.610593 |issn=0143-6597 |s2cid=153404360}}</ref> <ref name="University of Chicago Press">{{harvnb|Bowman|2015|page=87}}</ref> <ref name="jstor.org">{{Cite journal |last=Reyntjens |first=Filip |date=2011 |title=Behind the Façade of Rwanda's Elections |journal=Georgetown Journal of International Affairs |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=64–69 |issn=1526-0054 |jstor=43133887}}</ref> erifugibwa ekibiina kya [[Rwanda Patriotic Front]] (RPF) n'omukulembeze waakyo [[Paul Kagame]] obutasalako okuva olutalo lw'omunda lwe lwaggwa mu 1994. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stroh |first=Alexander |date=2010 |title=Electoral rules of the authoritarian game: undemocratic effects of proportional representation in Rwanda |journal=Journal of Eastern African Studies |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=1–19 |doi=10.1080/17531050903550066 |s2cid=154910536}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Matfess |first=Hilary |date=2015 |title=Rwanda and Ethiopia: Developmental Authoritarianism and the New Politics of African Strong Men |journal=African Studies Review |volume=58 |issue=2 |pages=181–204 |doi=10.1017/asr.2015.43 |s2cid=143013060 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga Rwanda mu linnya ya demokulasiya, okulonda kukozesebwa mu ngeri ez’enjawulo, omuli okuwera ebibiina ebivuganya gavumenti, okukwata oba okutta abavumirira, n’[[okufera mu kulonda]]. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Waldorf |first=Lars |date=2017 |title=Warlord Democrats in Africa: Ex-Military Leaders and Electoral Politics |url=http://files.webb.uu.se/uploader/1576/Warlord-Democrats-in-Africa.pdf#page=79 |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic / [[Nordic Africa Institute]] |isbn=978-1-78360-248-3 |editor-last=Themnér |editor-first=Anders |chapter=The Apotheosis of a Warlord: Paul Kagame |access-date=27 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231127084243/http://files.webb.uu.se/uploader/1576/Warlord-Democrats-in-Africa.pdf#page=79 |archive-date=27 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> RPF kibiina ekifugibwa [[Tutsi|Abatutsi]] kyokka nga nakyo kifuna obuwagizi okuva mu bitundu ebirala. Ssemateeka ono yayisibwa oluvannyuma lw’akalulu k’eggwanga mu 2003, n’adda mu kifo kya ssemateeka ow’enkyukakyuka eyaliwo okuva mu 1994. Ssemateeka awa obuyinza enkola y'okuba n'ebibiina ebyenjawulo, ng’ebyobufuzi byesigamiziddwa ku demokulasiya n’okulonda. Kyokka ssemateeka assaawo obukwakkulizo ku ngeri ebibiina by’obufuzi gye biyinza okukolamu. Ennyingo 54 egamba nti "ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi bikugirwa okwesigama ku mawanga g'abantu, olubu lw'eggwanga, olulimi, ekika, ekitundu, ekikula ky'omuntu, eddiini oba enjawukana endala yonna eyinza okuvaako okusosola". [[Pulezidenti wa Rwanda]] ye [[mukulembeze w’eggwanga]], era alina obuyinza obugazi omuli okutondawo enkola ng’ali wamu ne [[Kabineti ya Rwanda]], okuduumira [[eggye lya Rwanda]], okuteesa n’okukakasa endagaano, okussa omukono ku biragiro bya pulezidenti, n’okulangirira olutalo oba embeera ey’akabenje. Pulezidenti alondebwa buli luvannyuma lwa myaka etaano, era n’alonda [[ssaabaminisita]] n’ababaka abalala bonna mu kabineti. [[Palamenti]] erimu ebisenge bibiri . Ekola amateeka era ssemateeka agiwa obuyinza okulabirira emirimu gya pulezidenti ne Kabineti. Olukiiko olwa wansi lwe [[Chamber of Deputies (Rwanda)|lukiiko lw’ababaka]], olulimu bammemba 80 abakola ebisanja by’emyaka etaano. Ebifo 24 ku bino biterekebwa abakyala, nga balondebwa nga bayita mu lukiiko olw’awamu olw’abakungu ba gavumenti ez’ebitundu; ebifo ebirala bisatu biterekebwa bammemba abato n’abalema; abasigadde 53 balondebwa mu [[ddembe ly’okulonda erya bonna]] wansi w’enkola y’okukiikirira [[abantu mu kugeraageranya]]. Enkola y'amateeka mu Rwanda okusinga yeesigamiziddwa ku nkola [[Civil law (legal system)|y'amateeka g'obwannannyini]] aga [[Law of Germany|Girimaani]] ne [[Law of Belgium|Bubirigi]] [[Customary law|n'amateeka g'ennono]]. Ekitongole ekiramuzi kyetongodde ku kitongole ekifuzi, wadde nga pulezidenti ne Senate beenyigira mu kulonda abalamuzi ba kkooti ey’oku ntikko. Ekitongole kya Human Rights Watch kitenderezza gavumenti ya Rwanda olw’enkulaakulana ekoleddwa mu kuwa obwenkanya omuli n’okuggyawo ekibonerezo ky’okufa, kyokka era kirumiriza okuyingirira enkola y’ekiramuzi abakiise ba gavumenti, gamba ng’okulonda abalamuzi olw’ebyobufuzi, okukozesa obubi obuyinza bw’okuwaaba, n’okunyigiriza abalamuzi okusalawo mu ngeri ey’enjawulo. Ssemateeka alaga ebika bya kkooti bibiri: ebya bulijjo n’eby’enjawulo. Kkooti eza bulijjo ze [[Kkooti Ensukkulumu]], [[High Court of Rwanda|Kkooti Enkulu]], ne kkooti z’ebitundu, ate kkooti ez’enjawulo ze kkooti z’amagye n’enkola ya kkooti z’ebyobusuubuzi eyatondebwawo mu 2011 okwanguya emisango gy’ebyobusuubuzi. Wakati wa 2004 ne 2012, enkola ya [[Kkooti z’e Gacaca|kkooti z’e ''Gacaca'']] yali ekola. {{Lang|rw|Gacaca}} nga eno yali kkooti ey'ennono nga ekolera ku byalo, n'ebitundu yasobola okukuzibwa era n'etandika okukola ku emisango gyabaali bateeberezebwa okwenyigira mu kittabantu. KKooti yasobola okumalako n'ekyokuggyawo emisango egyali gyekuusa ku kittabantu egyali gisigadde emabega, kyokka ebibiina ebirwanirira eddembe ly’obuntu ne bivumirira nti tetuukana na mutindo gwa bwenkanya mu mateeka. Rwanda omuwendo gw'obuli bw'enguzi mutono bw’ogeraageranya n’amawanga ga Africa amalala agasinga obungi. Mu 2014, ekitongole kya [[Transparency International]] kyassa Rwanda mu kifo kyakutaano mu buyonjo mu mawanga 47 agali mu [[Sub-Saharan Africa]] ate mu kifo kya 55 mu buyonjo ku mawanga 175 mu nsi yonna. Ssemateeka eraga nti waliwo [[omuntu atalina ludda]], ng’emirimu gye mulimu okutangira n’okulwanyisa obuli bw’enguzi. Abakungu ba gavumenti (nga ne pulezidenti mw’omutwalidde) ssemateeka abeetaaza okwanjula eby'obugagga byabwe eri omuntu oyo alondebwa ssemateeka n’abantu bonna; abatagoberera mateeka bayimirizibwa ku ofiisi. Wadde nga kino kiri bwe kityo, ekitongole kya Human Rights Watch kyetegereza okunyigirizibwa okw’amaanyi omuobufuzi mu ggwanga lyonna, omuli okusibibwa mu ngeri emenya amateeka era mu ngeri etali nnambulukufu, okutiisatiisa , okubuzibwawo, okuwozesebwa olw’ebyobufuzi, n’okutta abantu baabulijjo ab'ekalakaasa mu mirembe.<ref name="Roth">{{Cite book |last=Roth |first=Kenneth |date=10 December 2019 |title=Rwanda Events of 2019 |url=https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2020/country-chapters/rwanda |publisher=Human Rights Watch |access-date=4 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414062456/https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2020/country-chapters/rwanda |archive-date=14 April 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Rwanda mmemba w'ekibiina [[Lisangá lya Bikólo bya Molɔ́ngɔ́|ky'amawanga amagatte]], [[African Union|omukago gwa Africa]], [[La Francophonie|Francophonie]], [[omukago gwa East Africa]], ne [[Commonwealth of Nations]]. Okumala emyaka mingi mu kiseera ky’obufuzi bwa Habyarimana, eggwanga lino lyakuuma enkolagana ey’oku lusegere ne Bufalansa, awamu ne Bubirigi, agaali amafuzi g'amatwale. Wabula mu gavumenti ya RPF, Rwanda ebadde enoonya enkolagana ey’oku lusegere n’amawanga ag’omuliraano mu mukago gwa East African Community n’amawanga agooogera Olungereza. Enkolagana y’abakungu ne Bufalansa yayimirizibwa mu 2006 oluvannyuma lw’abakungu ba Rwanda okuvunaanibwa omulamuzi wa Bufalansa, era wadde nga nkolagana yazzibwawo mu 2010, we bwatuukira mu 2015 enkolagana wakati w’amawanga gano ekyali mu kattu. Enkolagana ne [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] yali ya bunkenke oluvannyuma lwa Rwanda okwenyigira mu [[olutalo lwa Congo olwasooka]] n'olwokubiri; amagye ga Congo gaalumiriza Rwanda okulumba amagye gaabwe, ate Rwanda n’anenya gavumenti ya Congo olw’okulemererwa okunafuya abayeekera Abahutu mu masaza ga [[Bukiikakkono]] ne [[Bukiikaddyo bwa Kivu]]. Mu 2010, ekibiina ky’amawanga amagatte kyafulumya alipoota nga kirumiriza amagye ga Rwanda okutyoboola eddembe ly’obuntu n’ebikolobero ebityoboola eddembe ly’obuntu mu Democratic Republic of the Congo mu [[olutalo lw’e Congo olwasooka]] n’olwokubiri, emisango gavumenti ya Rwanda gye yeegaana. Enkolagana yeeyongera okukaluba mu 2012, Kinshasa bwe yalumiriza Rwanda okuwagira [[obuyeekera bwa M23]], obuyeekera mu buvanjuba bwa Congo. Mu 2015 emirembe gyali gizzeemu era enkolagana yali etereera, naye we bwatuukira mu Ogwolubereberye 2025 obuwagizi bwa Rwanda obuggya eri obujeemu bwa M23 bwaleetera DR Congo okusalako enkolagana y’abakungu oluvannyuma lw’[[okulumba Goma mu 2025]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 January 2025 |title=The Democratic Republic of the Congo cut off diplomatic ties with Rwanda on Sunday as the rebel group M23, believed to be backed by Kigali, closed in on the eastern city of Goma. |url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20250126-dr-congo-severs-ties-with-rwanda-as-m23-rebel-group-closes-in-on-goma |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126161142/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20250126-dr-congo-severs-ties-with-rwanda-as-m23-rebel-group-closes-in-on-goma |archive-date=26 January 2025 |access-date=29 January 2025 |work=[[France24]]}}</ref> Enkolagana ya Rwanda ne [[Uganda]] nayo yali ya bunkenke okumala ekitundu ekinene eky’emyaka gya 2000 oluvannyuma lw’okulwanagana okwaliwo mu 1999 wakati w’amagye g’amawanga gombi nga gawagira ebibinja by’abayeekera abaali bavuganya mu lutalo lw’e Congo olw’okubiri, kyokka n’etereera nnyo ku ntandikwa y’emyaka gya 2010. Mu 2019 enkolagana wakati w’amawanga gombi yeesala, Rwanda n’eggalawo ensalo zaayo eri Uganda. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Malingha |first=David |date=8 March 2019 |title=Why a Closed Border Has Uganda, Rwanda at Loggerheads |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-03-08/why-a-closed-border-has-uganda-rwanda-at-loggerheads-quicktake |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420234647/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-03-08/why-a-closed-border-has-uganda-rwanda-at-loggerheads-quicktake |archive-date=20 April 2019 |access-date=9 March 2020 |publisher=Bloomberg}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Butera |first=Saul |last2=Ojambo |first2=Fred |date=21 February 2020 |title=Uganda, Rwanda Hold Talks On Security Concerns, Reopening Border |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-02-21/uganda-rwanda-hold-talks-on-security-concerns-reopening-border |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306072656/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-02-21/uganda-rwanda-hold-talks-on-security-concerns-reopening-border |archive-date=6 March 2020 |access-date=9 March 2020 |publisher=Bloomberg}}</ref> Nga 25 Ogwolubereberye 2025, [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] yakutula enkolagana y’abakungu ne Rwanda olw’ebigambibwa nti yali ewagira [[ekibinja ky’abayeekera ekya M23]] ekikolera mu ggwanga lino. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Asiimwe |first=George |date=25 January 2025 |title=DRC Recalls Diplomats from Rwanda, Orders Kigali Embassy Closure Amid M23 Conflict |url=https://chimpreports.com/drc-recalls-diplomats-from-rwanda-orders-kigali-embassy-closure-amid-m23-conflict/ |access-date=9 December 2025 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2025 |title=DR Congo severs ties with Rwanda as M23 rebel group closes in on Goma |url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20250126-dr-congo-severs-ties-with-rwanda-as-m23-rebel-group-closes-in-on-goma |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126161142/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20250126-dr-congo-severs-ties-with-rwanda-as-m23-rebel-group-closes-in-on-goma |archive-date=26 January 2025 |access-date=9 December 2025 |website=France 24 |language=en}}</ref> == Amaje gaayo == Amagye g’eggwanga ge ga [[Rwandan Defence Force|Rwanda Defence Force]] (RDF), nga gano galimu amagye ga Rwanda ag’oku ttaka, [[eggye ly’omu bbanga erya Rwanda]], n’amatabi ag’enjawulo ag’obuweereza.<ref>{{Cite book |last=[[International Institute for Strategic Studies]] |year=2024 |title=The Military Balance 2024 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-032-78004-7 |pages=515–516}}</ref> RDF yatandikibwawo oluvannyuma lw’olutalo lw’omunda mu 1994 okuva mu nnyiriri z’eggye ly’abayeekera erya [[Rwandan Patriotic Front|Rwanda Patriotic Front]] (RPF), nga lidda mu bigere by’eyali gavumenti eya ''Forces Armées Rwandaises'' (FAR). Okwewandiisa mu RDF kwa kyeyagalire kwonna, era ku myaka egitakka wansi wa 18. Ensaasaanya y’amagye ekola ekitundu ekyeyoleka mu mbalirira y’eggwanga, nga kino kiraga ebyokwerinda by’eggwanga mu kitundu ebikola. Wadde nga Rwanda ntono nnyo, ekuuma emu ku magye agasinga okukola emirimu mu buvanjuba bwa Africa. Eggwanga lino lifuuse lye limu ku mawanga agasinga okuyamba abakozi mu bikwekweto [[by’ekibiina ky’Amawanga Amagatte eky’okukuuma emirembe]] mu nsi yonna, nga bulijjo liri mu mawanga asatu agasinga okuwaayo amagye ku mabbali ga Nepal ne Bangladesh.<ref>{{Cite web |last=United Nations Peacekeeping |date=30 April 2025 |title=Uniformed Personnel Contributing Countries by Ranking |url=https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/troop-and-police-contributors |access-date=19 June 2026 |website=un.org}}</ref> Ebibinja bya RDF n’ebitongole bya poliisi ebitondeddwawo biyiiriddwa nnyo mu mirimu gy’okutebenkeza abantu okwetoloola ssemazinga ono, okusinga wansi w’ekitongole ky’amawanga amagatte ekivunaanyizibwa ku kutebenkeza emirimu mu Central African Republic (MINUSCA) era nga emabegako kyali wansi w’ekikwekweto kya African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation mu Darfur (UNAMID).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Beswick |first=Danielle |date=2010 |title=Peacekeeping, dependency and sovereignty: Reflections on regional power and international intervention in Africa |journal=[[Review of African Political Economy]] |volume=37 |issue=126 |pages=437–451 |doi=10.1080/03056244.2010.530461 |doi-broken-date=12 July 2026}}</ref> Ng’oggyeeko ebiragiro by’ekibiina ky’Amawanga Amagatte eby’amawanga amangi, Rwanda etera okukozesa enkola z’amagye ez’amawanga gombi ezeetongodde okukola ku bizibu by’omu kitundu. Okuva mu July 2021, RDF ebadde ekuuma abantu bangi mu ssaza ly’e Cabo Delgado mu bukiikakkono bwa [[Mozambique]] okulwanyisa obuyeekera bw’Abasiraamu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shield |first=Ralph |date=2023 |title=Rwanda's War in Mozambique: Road-Testing a 'Kigali Principles' approach to counterinsurgency? |journal=[[Small Wars & Insurgencies]] |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=161–187 |doi=10.1080/09592318.2023.2260270 |doi-broken-date=12 July 2026}}</ref> Oluvanyuma lw’ekibiina kya Southern African Development Community Mission in Mozambique (SAMIM) okuva mu mwaka gwa 2024, emirimu gyabwe gyagaziwa nnyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hill |first=Matthew |date=28 May 2024 |title=Rwanda Deploys 2,000 More Troops to Gas-Rich Mozambique Region |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-05-28/rwanda-deploys-2-000-more-troops-to-gas-rich-mozambique-region |access-date=19 June 2026 |website=[[Bloomberg News]]}}</ref> As of 2026 , ebiwandiiko ebitongole okuva mu kitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku kusindika abayeekera byalaga nti abajaasi ba Rwanda n’abebyokwerinda abasoba mu 6,300 baali banyiikivu mu ssaza lino okunafuya obusobozi bw’abayeekera n’okukuuma ebikozesebwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 June 2026 |title=Cabo Delgado: Government Says Rwandan Presence "Provides Time to Reorganise National Forces" |url=https://360mozambique.com/development/cabo-delgado-government-says-rwandan-presence-provides-time-to-reorganise-national-forces/ |access-date=19 June 2026 |website=360 Mozambique}}</ref> Mu ggwanga, RDF etegekeddwa nnyo mu pulojekiti z'enkulaakulana y'abantu baabulijjo, ng'eyiwa bayinginiya b'amagye, abakozi b'ebyobujjanjabi, n'ebitongole ebitambuza ebintu okuzimba ebizimbe bya gavumenti n'amasomero mu kampeyini y'okubunyisa amawulire buli mwaka emanyiddwa nga "RDF Citizen Production Army". == Enjawukana mu by’obufuzi == Rwanda bwe yali tennaba kufugibwa mawanga g’obugwanjuba ag'abafuzi b'amatwale, enkola ya gavumenti yalina enkola eringa ey’ebyobufuzi ebyetooloolera ku bibiina ebingi n’okugabana obuyinza. Wadde nga waaliwo ensengeka enkakali, enkola eyasooka nga abafuzi b'amatwale tebannatuuka yali ekwataganya eya "obuyinza obwa gavumenti y'awakati n'ebitundu ebirina obwetwaze ebisaasaanyiziddwa." Ku mulembe gwa bakabaka, Omutaka eyalondebwa yafuga essaza eryali lyawuddwamu disitulikiti eziwera. Abakungu abalala babiri abaalondebwa head Chief nga be bafuga disitulikiti; omukungu omu yaweebwa obuyinza ku ttaka ate omulala n’alabirira ente. [[Kabaka]] ( {{Lang|rw|mwami}} ) yafuga nga bayita mu nkola y’amasaza, disitulikiti, obusozi, n’emiriraano. Okuva mu 2003, ssemateeka yagabanya Rwanda mu [[masaza]] ( {{Lang|rw|intara}} ), [[amagombolola]] ( {{Lang|rw|uturere}} ), ebibuga, munisipaali, ebibuga, [[Sectors of Rwanda|ebisaawe]] ( {{Lang|rw|imirenge}} ), n’ebyalo ( {{Lang|rw|imidugudu}} ); ebitundu ebinene, n’ensalo zaabyo, biteekebwawo Palamenti. Mu Gwolubereberye 2006, Rwanda yaddamu okutegekebwa era amasaza kkuminaabiri ne gagattibwa ne gakola ataano, ate disitulikiti 106 ne zigattibwa ne zifuuka amakumi asatu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gwillim Law |date=27 April 2010 |title=Rwanda Districts |url=http://www.statoids.com/yrw.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821085718/http://www.statoids.com/yrw.html |archive-date=21 August 2020 |access-date=10 October 2022 |website=www.statoids.com}}</ref> Ensalo eziriwo kati ezaakubwa mu 2006 zaali zigendereddwamu okugabanya obuyinza n’okuggyawo enkolagana n’enkola enkadde n’ekittabantu. Ensengeka eyasooka ey’amasaza ekkuminaabiri agakwatagana n’ebibuga ebisinga obunene yakyusibwa n’efuulibwa amasaza ataano nga okusinga geesigamiziddwa ku nkula y’ensi. Gano mulimu [[Northern Province, Rwanda|essaza ly'obukiikakkono]], [[Southern Province, Rwanda|Essaza ly'obukikaddyo]], [[Eastern Province, Rwanda|Essaza ly'obuvanjuba]], [[Western Province, Rwanda|Essaza ly'obugwanjuba]], ne Munisipaali y'e Kigali mu makkati. [[Category:Ensi za Afirika]] cxoswnue72epyei8r3ya61a7cxhuq6y 66857 66856 2026-08-05T20:08:15Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 de-wikilinked and wikilinked 66857 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Country||image_flag=Flag of Rwanda.svg}}'''Rwanda''', nga mu mateeka eyitibwa Republic of Rwanda, ggwanga eritalina mwalo guva ku nnyanja nnene mu [[buvanjuba bwa Afirika]].[a][b] Ekifo kino kisangibwa mu nsozi mu bugwanjuba n'ebisolo ne saavannah bukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba. Ennyanja ezisinga obunene n'okwetegerezebwa ennyo zisangibwa mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba n'ebukiikakkono w'eggwanga, ate ensozi eziwandula omuliro ezikola olujegere lwa [[Virunga]] nga okusingira ddala ziri mu bukiikakkono bwa bugwanjuba. Embeera y'obudde etwalibwa ng'ey'ensozi, ng'erimu sizoni bbiri ez'enkuba n'endala bbiri ez'ekyeya buli mwaka. Ekibuga kyayo ekikulu era nga ky'ekibuga ekisinga obunene, ye [[Kigali]], ekiri mu masekkati g'eggwanga, ku [[mmita]] 1,567 waggulu w'obuwanvu bw'ennyanja. Rwanda esangibwa mu bukiikaddyo bwa Equator mu Great Rift Valley ey'o[[Buvanjuba bwa Afirika]]. Rwanda erina ensalo ne [[Uganda]] mu bukiikakkono bwayo, [[Tanzania]] mu buvanjuba, [[Burundi]] mu bukiikaddyo, ne [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] mu bugwanjuba. Nga erina abantu abasoba mu bukadde 14 ababeera mu kitundu kya 26,338 square kilometers (10,169 sq mi), nga etaka kwe bali lirimu ebitundu by'ettaka eriweza ebitundu nga 93.7%, Rwanda y'ensi ey'omulundi ogwa 21 mu nsi yonna, erina abantu nga 578 buli square kilometers (1,500 buli square mayiro). [[Abayizin'abalonzi b'emmere y'okuttale]] baasenga mu kitundu mu biseera by'amayinja n'eby'ekyuma (Stone and Iron Ages), oluvannyuma Abantu b'olyubu lw'abantu oluyitibwa Bantu ne bagoberera. Abantu baasooka kwegatta mu [[Clans of Rwanda|bika]], ate oluvannyuma ne bafuuka obwakabaka. Mu kyasa eky'ekkuminettaano, obwakabaka obumu, wansi wa [[Kabaka Gihanga]], bwasobola okugatta ebitundu ebiriraanyeewo ebingi ne butandikawo [[Obwakabaka bwa Rwanda]]. Obwakabaka bwa Rwanda bwafuga okuva mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'ekkumi n'omunaana, nga bakabaka baayo ab'ekika kya Tutsi bawangula abalala mu by'amagye, okuteekawo obuyinza obwenkomeredde, n'okussa mu nkola enkola ez'obumu. Mu 1897, [[Girimane|Germany]] yawamba Rwanda neefuuka ekitundu kyayo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ekya [[German East Africa]], n'oluvannyuma ne kuddako [[Bubirigi|Belgium]], eyafuna obuyinza mu 1916 mu kiseera kya [[Ssematalo|Ssematalo I]]. Amawanga ga Bulaaya gano gombi gaafuga eggwanga lino okuyita mu kabaka wa Rwanda era ne gatambulira ku nkola y'okuwagira Abatuusi. Abantu b'e Hutu baajeemera gavumenti mu 1959, era ne Batta Abatuusi bangi era mu nkomerero ne batandikawo ekitundu ekyali kyetwala, nga kisingamu Abahutu mu 1962 nga bakulemberwa Pulezidenti [[Grégoire Kayibanda]]. Mu 1973 Kayibanda yaggyibwa mu buyinza era Juvénal Habyarimana n'atandika okufuga, era n'asigala ng'ali wamu n'Abahutu. Ekibiina kya Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) ekikulemberwa Tutsi kyatandika [[Rwandan Civil War|olutalo olw'omunda]] mu 1990. Habyarimana [[Assassination of Juvénal Habyarimana and Cyprien Ntaryamira|yattibwa]] mu Gwokuna 1994 ebibiina ebitaamanyibwa. Obukuubagano bw'abantu bwabalukawo mu lutalo lw'e Rwanda olwakolebwa bannalukalala ba Hutu Power eri Abatuusi. RPF yakomya okutta abantu n'obuwanguzi mu Gwomusanvu 1994. Rwanda ezze efugibwa RPF ng'eggwanga ery'ekibiina ekiri mu mateeka ekimu okuva mu 1994 ng'omukulembeze w'eggwanga [[Paul Kagame]] ye pulezidenti okuva mu 2000. Eggwanga lizzew lifugibwa gavumenti ez'obuyinza okuva mu biseera byabafuzi b'amatwal. Newankubadde nga Rwanda erina omuwendo mutono ogw'[[obuli bw'enguzi]] bw'ogugeraageranya n'amawanga ag'omuliraano, y'emu ku nsi ezisinga obutono mu kunoonyereza kw'ensi yonna okw'obwenkanya bwa gavumenti n'eddembe ly'abantu, wadde ng'ebituukiddwako gye buvuddeko wabaddewo bisituddeeggwanga lino okutuukua mu ttuluba ly'awakati ku Human Development Index. Abantu baayo bakyali bato ate nga basinga kubeera mu byalo; Rwanda y'emu ku bantu abasembayo obuto mu nsi yonna. Abantu b'omu Rwanda bava mu kibiina kimu kyokka eky'obuwangwa n'olulimi, [[Banyarwanda]]. Wabula, mu kibinja kino mulimu ebibinja bisatu: [[Aba-Hutu]], Aba-Tutsi, n'Aba-[[Twa]]. Twa babeera mu kibira mu Central Africa era batera okutwalibwa ng'abazzukulu b'abantu abaasooka mu Rwanda. Obukulistaayo ye ddiini esinga obunene mu ggwanga; olulimi olusinga okwogerwa abantu b'omu Rwanda, ng'[[Olungereza]], [[Olufalansa]], n'[[Oluswayiri]] bye bimu ku nnimi ez'obwannannyini. Ebyenfuna bya Rwanda byesigamiziddwa ku mpeereza, ebyobulimi okutunda ebweru w’eggwanga, n’amakolero. Kaawa n'amajaani bye [[birime ebikulu eby’ensimbi]] by’efulumya ebweru w’eggwanga, wadde nga bisukka mu kukola amatooke. Ekisaawe ky' [[Eby’obulambuzi]] kikula mangu era kati kye kisinga okuyingiza ssente z’ebweru mu ggwanga. Okunoonyereza okwasembyeyo mu 2024, abantu 30.5% baakosebwa [[obwavu obw’enjawulo]] nga 27.4% bali wansi w’oluoimiro lw’obwavu mu ggwanga. Eggwanga lino liri mu mukago gwa [[African Union]], [[Lisangá lya Bikólo bya Molɔ́ngɔ́|United Nations]], [[Commonwealth of Nations]] (emu ku ba mmemba abatono abatalina kakwate ka byafaayo na [[British Empire|bwakabaka bwa Bungereza]] ), [[Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa|COMESA]], [[Organisation internationale de la Francophonie|OIF]], n'omukago gwa [[East African Community]] . == Ensibuko y’erinnya (Etymology). == Erinnya ''Rwanda'' liva mu kigambo Ku-aanda, ekitegeeza "okugaziwa" oba "okusaasaana okuva mu makkati", ekiraga okukula kw'ebyafaayo kw'[[Obwakabaka bwa Rwanda]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Land of Violence, A Land of Conquest: Memory, Truth, Historical Continuity, and Imperialism in Rwanda {{!}} Journal of Public and International Affairs |url=https://jpia.princeton.edu/news/land-violence-land-conquest-memory-truth-historical-continuity-and-imperialism-rwanda |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251004114443/https://jpia.princeton.edu/news/land-violence-land-conquest-memory-truth-historical-continuity-and-imperialism-rwanda |archive-date=4 October 2025 |access-date=10 October 2025 |website=jpia.princeton.edu |language=en}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo by'alyo == Okusenga kw’abantu okw’omulembe guno mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Rwanda kwava, mu kiseera ekyasembayo, mu [[budde ky’omuzira ng'eggwako]], ku biseera ebibiri, ekiseera kya [[Neolithic]] nga 8,000 BC, oba mu kiseera ekiwanvu ekya [[humid]] ekyaddirira, okutuuka nga 3,000 BC. Okusima eby’edda kwazuula obujulizi nti [[abayizzi era abakunganya]] b'emmere y'okuttale tebaabeerangawo nnyo mu kiseera kya [[Stone Age]] ekyasembayo, wabula ate ekyo kyaddirirwa omuwendo omunene ogw’abasenze abaasooka mu gw'okusaanuusa ebyuma oba [[Iron Age]], abaakolanga [[ensuwa]] ezirimu ebinnya n’ebikozesebwa eby'ebyuma. Abatuuze bano abaasooka be baali bajjajja b’aba [[Twa]], [[abayizzi era abakunganya]] b'emmere y'okuttale [[abambuti]] ab’enjawulo abaasigala mu Rwanda ne leero. Olwo mu mwaka gwa 3,000 BC, abalimi n’abalunzi b’amasekkati [[ga Sudanic]] ne [[Kuliak]] baatandika okusenga mu Rwanda, ne baddirirwa abalunzi aboogera [[olulimi Olucushitic]] mu 2,000 BC.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Schoenbrun |first=David L. |year=1993 |title=We Are What We Eat: Ancient Agriculture between the Great Lakes |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=15–16 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700032989 |jstor=183030 |s2cid=162660041}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Taylor |first=Christopher C. |date=13 September 2020 |title=Sacrifice as Terror: The Rwandan Genocide of 1994 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qHf8DwAAQBAJ |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-18448-8 |pages=63–65 |access-date=2 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250404221104/https://books.google.com/books?id=qHf8DwAAQBAJ |archive-date=4 April 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Aba Twa ababeera mu bibira baafiirwa ekitundu ekinene eky’ebifo mwe baabeeranga ne basenguka ne bagenda ku nsozi. Wakati wa 800 BC ne 1500 AD, ebibinja [[by’Ababantu]] ebiwerako byasenguka ne biyingira e Rwanda, nga bitema ettaka ly’ebibira okulima. Bannabyafaayo balina endowooza eziwerako ku ngeri y’okusenguka kw’Ababantu; endowooza emu eri nti abaasooka okusenga baali [[Bahutu]], ate oluvannyuma [[Abatutsi]] ne basenguka ne bakola ekibinja ky’amawanga ag’enjawulo, nga kiyinzika okuba nga baava mu Nilo-hamitic. Endowooza endala eri nti okusenguka kwali kwa mpola era nga kunywevu, ng’ebibinja ebiyingira byegatta mu kifo ky’okuwangula abantu abaaliwo.Mu ndowooza eno, enjawulo y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi yavaayo oluvannyuma era yali njawulo ya kibiina okusinga ey’amawanga. Engeri eyasooka ey’enkwatagana y'abantu mu kitundu ekyo yali ya kika ( ''ubwoko'' ). Ebika tebyakoma ku nnyiriri z’abuzaale oba ekitundu kyokka, era ebisinga byalimu Abahutu, Abatutsi, n’Abatwa. Okuva mu kyasa eky’ekkuminettaano, ebika byatandika okwegatta ne bifuuka obwakabaka. Obwakabaka obumu, nga bufugibwa Kabaka Gihanga, bwasobola okuyingiza ebitundu ebiwerako eby’omuliraano gwabwo ogw’okumpi ne butandikawo [[Obwakabaka bwa Rwanda]]. Mu mwaka gwa 1700, obwakabaka nga bwa mirundi munaana bwe bwali bubaddewo mu Rwanda ya leero. Obumu ku buno nga bwe bwa, [[Obwakabaka bwa Rwanda]] obwali bufugibwa ekika ky’Abatutsi [[Nyiginya]], bweyongera okufuga okuva mu makkati g’ekyasa eky’ekkuminoomunaana. Obwakabaka bwatuuka ku ntikko mu kyasa eky'ekkuminoomwenda ku mulembe gwa Ssekabaka [[Kigeli Rwabugiri]] . Rwabugiri yawangula amawanga amatonotono agawerako, n’agaziya obwakabaka okidda mu Bugwanjuba n’obukiikakkono, era n’atandikawo ennongoosereza mu nfuga; mu bino {{Lang|rw|[[ubuhake]]}}, nga mu kino abawagizi b’Abatutsi baawaayo ente, n’olwekyo n’enkizo, eri bakasitoma b’Abahutu oba Abatutsi nga bawaanyisiganya obuweereza obw’ebyenfuna n’obw’obuntu, ne {{Lang|rw|uburetwa}}, enkola ya [[corvée]] ng’Abahutu bawalirizibwa okukolera abaami b’Abatutsi. Enkyukakyuka za Rwabugiri zaavaako enjawukana okweyongera wakati w’Abahutu n’Abatutsi. Aba Twa baali bulungi okusinga mu biseera nga Obwakabaka tebunnabaawo, ng’abamu bafuuka abazinyi mu lubiri lw’obwakabaka, naye omuwendo gwabwe gweyongera okukendeera. [[Olukungaana lwa Berlin|Olukungaana lw'e Berlin]] olwatuula u 1884 lwagaba ekitundu kino eri [[Obwakabaka bwa Girimaani]], obwalangirira nti kitundu kya [[Bugirimaani ey'obuvanjuba bwa Afrika]] . Mu 1894, omuvumbuzi [[Gustav Adolf von Götzen]] ye Muzungu eyasooka okutambula ekitundu kya Rwanda kyonna, nga ono yasomoka okuva ebukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba okutuuka ku nnyanja Kivu n’asisinkana kabaka. Mu 1897, Girimaani yatandika okubeerawo mu Rwanda bwe yakola omukago ne kabaka, n’etandika omulembe gw’amatwale.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Carney |first=J.J. |year=2013 |title=Rwanda Before the Genocide: Catholic Politics and Ethnic Discourse in the Late Colonial Era |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lKFpAgAAQBAJ |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-998228-8 |page=24 |access-date=25 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701074114/https://books.google.com/books?id=lKFpAgAAQBAJ |archive-date=1 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Abagirimaani tebaakyusa nnyo nsengeka y’embeera z’abantu mu ggwanga, wabula nga bawagira kabaka n’abakulu abaaliwo, era nga bakwasa abaami b’ebitundu obuyinza.<ref>See also Helmut Strizek, "Geschenkte Kolonien: Ruanda und Burundi unter deutscher Herrschaft", Berlin: Ch.</ref> Amagye ga [[Bubirigi|Belgium]] gaalumba Rwanda ne [[Burundi]] mu 1916, mu kiseera kya [[Ssematalo|Ssematalo I]], era oluvannyuma, mu 1922, gaatandika okufuga Rwanda ne Burundi ng’ekiragiro kya [[League of Nations]] ekyayitibwa [[Ruanda-Urundi]] era ne gatandika ekiseera eky’obufuzi bw’amatwale obutereevu. Ababirigi baayanguya era ne bassa obuyinza mu mikono gya gavumenti, ne baleeta pulojekiti ennene mu byenjigiriza, ebyobulamu, emirimu gya gavumenti, n’okulondoola eby’obulimi, omuli ebirime ebipya n’okulongoosa obukodyo bw’ebyobulimi okugezaako okukendeeza ku njala. Abagirimaani n’Ababirigi, oluvannyuma lw’obufuzi bwa [[New Imperialism]], baatumbula obukulu bw’Abatutsi, nga balowooza nti Abahutu n’Abatutsi [[ab’amawanga]] ag’enjawulo. Mu 1935, Bubirigi yaleeta enkola ya ndagamuntu, eyalaganga buli muntu kye yali oba Mututsi, Muhutu, Mutwa oba Abasenze. Wadde nga emabegako kyali kisoboka Abahutu naddala abagagga okufuuka Abatutsi ab’ekitiibwa, densite zaalemesa okwongera okutambula wakati w’amadaala. Bubirigi yagenda mu maaso n'okufuga [[Ruanda-Urundi]] (Rwanda gye yakola ekitundu eky'obukiikakkono) ng'ekitundu ky'ekibiina ky'Amawanga Amagatte eky'obwesige oluvannyuma lwa [[Ssematalo II]], ng'erina obuyinza okulabirira [[obwetwaze]] obwabanga butuuse okufunibwa. Okusika omuguwa kweyongera wakati w’Abatutsi, abaali baagala okwefuga nga bukyali, n’ekibiina ky’Abahutu eky’okuwa abantu eddembe, ekyavaamu e [[Nkyukakyuka ya Rwanda]] mu 1959 : Abahutu baatandika okutta Abatutsi n’okusaanyaawo amayumba gaabwe, ne bawaliriza abantu abasoba mu 100,000 okunoonya obubudamu mu mawanga ag’omuliraano. Mu 1961, Ababirigi abaali bawagira Abahutu mu bwangu baakola [[akalulu k’ekikungo]] eggwanga mwe lyakuba akalulu okuggyawo obwakabaka. Rwanda yayawulwa ku Burundi n’efuna obwetwaze nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1962, olujjukirwa ng’olunaku lw’ameefuga, mu ggwanga.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Karuhanga |first=James |date=30 June 2018 |title=Independence Day: Did Rwanda really gain independence on July 1, 1962? |url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/independence-day-did-rwanda-really-gain-independence-july-1-1962 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630010535/http://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/independence-day-did-rwanda-really-gain-independence-july-1-1962 |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=1 July 2018 |work=[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]]}}</ref> Okuyiwa omusaayi kweyongera nga mu buwanganguse abayeekera Abatutsi baalumba okuva mu mawanga ag’omuliraano ate gavumenti eyakulemberwa Abahutu n’eddamu okwesasuza n’okutta n’okunyigiriza abantu baabulijjo Abatutsi munda mu Rwanda. Mu 1973, [[Juvénal Habyarimana]] yakwata obuyinza nga ayita mu [[kuwamba gavumenti wamu n'amagye]]. Okusosola kw’Abahutu kwagenda mu maaso, naye waaliwo okukulaakulana okw’amaanyi mu by’enfuna era n’obutabanguko obwali bukendedde ku Batutsi. Aba Twa baasigala nga basuuliddwa ku mabbali, era mu 1990 we gwatuukira kumpi gavumenti yabawalirizibwa okuva mu bibira; bangi baafuuka basabiriza. Omuwendo gw’abantu mu Rwanda gwali gweyongedde okuva ku bantu akakadde 1.6 mu 1934 okutuuka ku bantu obukadde 7.1 mu 1989, ekyavaako okuvuganya ku ttaka. Mu 1990, ekibinja ky’abayeekera ekya [[Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF)]], ekyalimu ababundabunda aba Tutsi, kyalumba obukiikakkono bwa Rwanda nga basinziira mu nkambi yaabwe mu Uganda, ne kitandikawo [[olutalo lw’omunda mu Rwanda]] . Ekibiina kino kyavumirira gavumenti eyali efugibwa Abahutu olw’okulemererwa okuteekawo demokulasiya n’okutunuulira ebizibu ababundabunda bano bye baalina. Tewali ludda lwonna lwasobola kufuna nkizo ya maanyi mu lutalo, naye mu 1992 lwali lunafuyizza obuyinza bwa Habyarimana; okwekalakasa kw’abantu abangi kwamuwaliriza okukola omukago n’oludda oluvuganya mu ggwanga era okukkakkana ng’atadde omukono ku [[ndagaano za Arusha]] eza 1993 ne RPF. == Ekittabantu e Rwanda == Okussa wansi eby'okulwanyisa kwaggwawo nga 6 Ogwokuna 1994 ennyonyi ya Habyarimana bwe yakubwa okumpi n’ekisaawe ky’ennyonyi e Kigali, n’afa. Okukuba ennyonyi eno amasasi kwakola ng’ekyavaako ekittabantu e Rwanda, ekyatandika mu ssaawa ntono okuva awo. Mu nnaku nga 100, wakati w’abantu 500,000 ne 1,000,000 Abatutsi n’Abahutu ab’ekigero mu byobufuzi battibwa mu bulumbaganyi obwali butegekeddwa obulungi ku biragiro bya gavumenti ey’ekiseera. Abatwa bangi nabo battibwa, wadde nga baali tebagendereddwa butereevu. Aba Tutsi mu RPF baddamu okulumba, era ne batwala obuyinza ku ggwanga mu nkola, ne bafuna obuyinza ku ggwanga lyonna mu makkati g'Ogwomusanvu. Engeri ensi yonna gye yakwatamu ekittabantu kino yali si y'amaanyi, ng’amawanga ag'amaanyi tegaayagala kwongera ggye ly'amawanga magatte amaanyi ng'ate lyali lirina maanyi agamala. RPF bwe yakwata obuyinza, Abahutu nga obukadde bubiri [[baddukira mu mawanga ag’omuliraano]], naddala [[Zaïre]], nga batya okwesasuza; okugatta ku ekyo, eggye eryakulemberwa RPF lyali lya maanyi nnyo mu [[lutalo lw'e Congo olwasooka]] n'[[olwokubiri]] . Munda mu Rwanda, ekiseera ky’okutabagana n’obwenkanya kyatandika, nga watandikibwawo [[kkooti y’ensi yonna evunaanyizibwa ku buzzi bw’emisango mu Rwanda]] (ICTR) n’okuddamu okuyingiza {{Lang|rw|[[Gacaca]]}}, enkola ya kkooti y’ebyalo ey’ennono. Okuva mu mwaka gwa 2000 ebyenfuna bya Rwanda, omuwendo gw'abalambuzi, [[n’omuwendo gw’enkulaakulana y’abantu]] byakula mangu; wakati wa 2006 ne 2011 obwavu bwakendeera okuva ku bitundu 57% okutuuka ku bitundu 45%, ate [[ng’emyaka omuntu gyasuubirwa okubeera ku nsi]] gyalinnya okuva ku myaka 46.6 mu 2000 okutuuka ku myaka 65.4 mu 2021. Mu kaweefube w’okutumbula obumu bw’eggwanga n’okutabagana, bendera empya eya Rwanda n’oluyimba lw’eggwanga byatongozebwa ku nkomerero ya 2001, ne biggyawo enjawulo ez’amawanga ez’olwatu mu ndagamuntu y’eggwanga entongole == Ebyobufuzi ne gavumenti == Rwanda [[ggwanga lya kibiina kimu]] ''[[mu butongole]]'' <ref name="Yale University Press">{{Cite book |last=Thomson |first=Susan |author-link=Susan Thomson |date=2018 |title=Rwanda: From Genocide to Precarious Peace |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RbxODwAAQBAJ&q=one-party+state |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-23591-3 |page=185 |access-date=11 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231022072324/https://books.google.com/books?id=RbxODwAAQBAJ&q=one-party+state |archive-date=22 October 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="The Conversation">{{Cite news |last=Sebarenzi |first=Joseph |last2=Twagiramungu |first2=Noel |date=8 April 2019 |title=Rwanda's economic growth could be derailed by its autocratic regime |url=https://theconversation.com/rwandas-economic-growth-could-be-derailed-by-its-autocratic-regime-114649 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905203956/https://theconversation.com/rwandas-economic-growth-could-be-derailed-by-its-autocratic-regime-114649 |archive-date=5 September 2023 |access-date=5 September 2023 |work=The Conversation}}</ref> <ref name="Handbook of Restorative Justice">{{Cite book |last=Waldorf |first=Lars |date=2005 |title=Handbook of Restorative Justice |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-203-34682-2 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=jGV_AgAAQBAJ&pg=PT619?] |chapter=Rwanda's failing experiment in restorative justice}}</ref> <ref name="TWQ">{{Cite journal |last=Beswick |first=Danielle |date=2011 |title=Aiding State Building and Sacrificing Peace Building? The Rwanda–UK relationship 1994–2011 |journal=Third World Quarterly |volume=32 |issue=10 |pages=1911–1930 |doi=10.1080/01436597.2011.610593 |issn=0143-6597 |s2cid=153404360}}</ref> <ref name="University of Chicago Press">{{harvnb|Bowman|2015|page=87}}</ref> <ref name="jstor.org">{{Cite journal |last=Reyntjens |first=Filip |date=2011 |title=Behind the Façade of Rwanda's Elections |journal=Georgetown Journal of International Affairs |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=64–69 |issn=1526-0054 |jstor=43133887}}</ref> erifugibwa ekibiina kya [[Rwanda Patriotic Front]] (RPF) n'omukulembeze waakyo [[Paul Kagame]] obutasalako okuva olutalo lw'omunda lwe lwaggwa mu 1994. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stroh |first=Alexander |date=2010 |title=Electoral rules of the authoritarian game: undemocratic effects of proportional representation in Rwanda |journal=Journal of Eastern African Studies |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=1–19 |doi=10.1080/17531050903550066 |s2cid=154910536}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Matfess |first=Hilary |date=2015 |title=Rwanda and Ethiopia: Developmental Authoritarianism and the New Politics of African Strong Men |journal=African Studies Review |volume=58 |issue=2 |pages=181–204 |doi=10.1017/asr.2015.43 |s2cid=143013060 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga Rwanda mu linnya ya demokulasiya, okulonda kukozesebwa mu ngeri ez’enjawulo, omuli okuwera ebibiina ebivuganya gavumenti, okukwata oba okutta abavumirira, n’[[okufera mu kulonda]]. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Waldorf |first=Lars |date=2017 |title=Warlord Democrats in Africa: Ex-Military Leaders and Electoral Politics |url=http://files.webb.uu.se/uploader/1576/Warlord-Democrats-in-Africa.pdf#page=79 |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic / [[Nordic Africa Institute]] |isbn=978-1-78360-248-3 |editor-last=Themnér |editor-first=Anders |chapter=The Apotheosis of a Warlord: Paul Kagame |access-date=27 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231127084243/http://files.webb.uu.se/uploader/1576/Warlord-Democrats-in-Africa.pdf#page=79 |archive-date=27 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> RPF kibiina ekifugibwa [[Tutsi|Abatutsi]] kyokka nga nakyo kifuna obuwagizi okuva mu bitundu ebirala. Ssemateeka ono yayisibwa oluvannyuma lw’akalulu k’eggwanga mu 2003, n’adda mu kifo kya ssemateeka ow’enkyukakyuka eyaliwo okuva mu 1994. Ssemateeka awa obuyinza enkola y'okuba n'ebibiina ebyenjawulo, ng’ebyobufuzi byesigamiziddwa ku demokulasiya n’okulonda. Kyokka ssemateeka assaawo obukwakkulizo ku ngeri ebibiina by’obufuzi gye biyinza okukolamu. Ennyingo 54 egamba nti "ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi bikugirwa okwesigama ku mawanga g'abantu, olubu lw'eggwanga, olulimi, ekika, ekitundu, ekikula ky'omuntu, eddiini oba enjawukana endala yonna eyinza okuvaako okusosola". [[Pulezidenti wa Rwanda]] ye [[mukulembeze w’eggwanga]], era alina obuyinza obugazi omuli okutondawo enkola ng’ali wamu ne [[Kabineti ya Rwanda]], okuduumira [[eggye lya Rwanda]], okuteesa n’okukakasa endagaano, okussa omukono ku biragiro bya pulezidenti, n’okulangirira olutalo oba embeera ey’akabenje. Pulezidenti alondebwa buli luvannyuma lwa myaka etaano, era n’alonda [[ssaabaminisita]] n’ababaka abalala bonna mu kabineti. [[Palamenti]] erimu ebisenge bibiri . Ekola amateeka era ssemateeka agiwa obuyinza okulabirira emirimu gya pulezidenti ne Kabineti. Olukiiko olwa wansi lwe [[Chamber of Deputies (Rwanda)|lukiiko lw’ababaka]], olulimu bammemba 80 abakola ebisanja by’emyaka etaano. Ebifo 24 ku bino biterekebwa abakyala, nga balondebwa nga bayita mu lukiiko olw’awamu olw’abakungu ba gavumenti ez’ebitundu; ebifo ebirala bisatu biterekebwa bammemba abato n’abalema; abasigadde 53 balondebwa mu [[ddembe ly’okulonda erya bonna]] wansi w’enkola y’okukiikirira [[abantu mu kugeraageranya]]. Enkola y'amateeka mu Rwanda okusinga yeesigamiziddwa ku nkola [[Civil law (legal system)|y'amateeka g'obwannannyini]] aga [[Law of Germany|Girimaani]] ne [[Law of Belgium|Bubirigi]] [[Customary law|n'amateeka g'ennono]]. Ekitongole ekiramuzi kyetongodde ku kitongole ekifuzi, wadde nga pulezidenti ne Senate beenyigira mu kulonda abalamuzi ba kkooti ey’oku ntikko. Ekitongole kya Human Rights Watch kitenderezza gavumenti ya Rwanda olw’enkulaakulana ekoleddwa mu kuwa obwenkanya omuli n’okuggyawo ekibonerezo ky’okufa, kyokka era kirumiriza okuyingirira enkola y’ekiramuzi abakiise ba gavumenti, gamba ng’okulonda abalamuzi olw’ebyobufuzi, okukozesa obubi obuyinza bw’okuwaaba, n’okunyigiriza abalamuzi okusalawo mu ngeri ey’enjawulo. Ssemateeka alaga ebika bya kkooti bibiri: ebya bulijjo n’eby’enjawulo. Kkooti eza bulijjo ze [[Kkooti Ensukkulumu]], [[High Court of Rwanda|Kkooti Enkulu]], ne kkooti z’ebitundu, ate kkooti ez’enjawulo ze kkooti z’amagye n’enkola ya kkooti z’ebyobusuubuzi eyatondebwawo mu 2011 okwanguya emisango gy’ebyobusuubuzi. Wakati wa 2004 ne 2012, enkola ya [[Kkooti z’e Gacaca|kkooti z’e ''Gacaca'']] yali ekola. {{Lang|rw|Gacaca}} nga eno yali kkooti ey'ennono nga ekolera ku byalo, n'ebitundu yasobola okukuzibwa era n'etandika okukola ku emisango gyabaali bateeberezebwa okwenyigira mu kittabantu. KKooti yasobola okumalako n'ekyokuggyawo emisango egyali gyekuusa ku kittabantu egyali gisigadde emabega, kyokka ebibiina ebirwanirira eddembe ly’obuntu ne bivumirira nti tetuukana na mutindo gwa bwenkanya mu mateeka. Rwanda omuwendo gw'obuli bw'enguzi mutono bw’ogeraageranya n’amawanga ga Africa amalala agasinga obungi. Mu 2014, ekitongole kya [[Transparency International]] kyassa Rwanda mu kifo kyakutaano mu buyonjo mu mawanga 47 agali mu [[Sub-Saharan Africa]] ate mu kifo kya 55 mu buyonjo ku mawanga 175 mu nsi yonna. Ssemateeka eraga nti waliwo [[omuntu atalina ludda]], ng’emirimu gye mulimu okutangira n’okulwanyisa obuli bw’enguzi. Abakungu ba gavumenti (nga ne pulezidenti mw’omutwalidde) ssemateeka abeetaaza okwanjula eby'obugagga byabwe eri omuntu oyo alondebwa ssemateeka n’abantu bonna; abatagoberera mateeka bayimirizibwa ku ofiisi. Wadde nga kino kiri bwe kityo, ekitongole kya Human Rights Watch kyetegereza okunyigirizibwa okw’amaanyi omuobufuzi mu ggwanga lyonna, omuli okusibibwa mu ngeri emenya amateeka era mu ngeri etali nnambulukufu, okutiisatiisa , okubuzibwawo, okuwozesebwa olw’ebyobufuzi, n’okutta abantu baabulijjo ab'ekalakaasa mu mirembe.<ref name="Roth">{{Cite book |last=Roth |first=Kenneth |date=10 December 2019 |title=Rwanda Events of 2019 |url=https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2020/country-chapters/rwanda |publisher=Human Rights Watch |access-date=4 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414062456/https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2020/country-chapters/rwanda |archive-date=14 April 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Rwanda mmemba w'ekibiina [[Lisangá lya Bikólo bya Molɔ́ngɔ́|ky'amawanga amagatte]], [[African Union|omukago gwa Africa]], [[La Francophonie|Francophonie]], [[omukago gwa East Africa]], ne [[Commonwealth of Nations]]. Okumala emyaka mingi mu kiseera ky’obufuzi bwa Habyarimana, eggwanga lino lyakuuma enkolagana ey’oku lusegere ne Bufalansa, awamu ne Bubirigi, agaali amafuzi g'amatwale. Wabula mu gavumenti ya RPF, Rwanda ebadde enoonya enkolagana ey’oku lusegere n’amawanga ag’omuliraano mu mukago gwa East African Community n’amawanga agooogera Olungereza. Enkolagana y’abakungu ne Bufalansa yayimirizibwa mu 2006 oluvannyuma lw’abakungu ba Rwanda okuvunaanibwa omulamuzi wa Bufalansa, era wadde nga nkolagana yazzibwawo mu 2010, we bwatuukira mu 2015 enkolagana wakati w’amawanga gano ekyali mu kattu. Enkolagana ne [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] yali ya bunkenke oluvannyuma lwa Rwanda okwenyigira mu [[olutalo lwa Congo olwasooka]] n'olwokubiri; amagye ga Congo gaalumiriza Rwanda okulumba amagye gaabwe, ate Rwanda n’anenya gavumenti ya Congo olw’okulemererwa okunafuya abayeekera Abahutu mu masaza ga [[Bukiikakkono]] ne [[Bukiikaddyo bwa Kivu]]. Mu 2010, ekibiina ky’amawanga amagatte kyafulumya alipoota nga kirumiriza amagye ga Rwanda okutyoboola eddembe ly’obuntu n’ebikolobero ebityoboola eddembe ly’obuntu mu Democratic Republic of the Congo mu [[olutalo lw’e Congo olwasooka]] n’olwokubiri, emisango gavumenti ya Rwanda gye yeegaana. Enkolagana yeeyongera okukaluba mu 2012, Kinshasa bwe yalumiriza Rwanda okuwagira [[obuyeekera bwa M23]], obuyeekera mu buvanjuba bwa Congo. Mu 2015 emirembe gyali gizzeemu era enkolagana yali etereera, naye we bwatuukira mu Ogwolubereberye 2025 obuwagizi bwa Rwanda obuggya eri obujeemu bwa M23 bwaleetera DR Congo okusalako enkolagana y’abakungu oluvannyuma lw’[[okulumba Goma mu 2025]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 January 2025 |title=The Democratic Republic of the Congo cut off diplomatic ties with Rwanda on Sunday as the rebel group M23, believed to be backed by Kigali, closed in on the eastern city of Goma. |url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20250126-dr-congo-severs-ties-with-rwanda-as-m23-rebel-group-closes-in-on-goma |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126161142/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20250126-dr-congo-severs-ties-with-rwanda-as-m23-rebel-group-closes-in-on-goma |archive-date=26 January 2025 |access-date=29 January 2025 |work=[[France24]]}}</ref> Enkolagana ya Rwanda ne [[Uganda]] nayo yali ya bunkenke okumala ekitundu ekinene eky’emyaka gya 2000 oluvannyuma lw’okulwanagana okwaliwo mu 1999 wakati w’amagye g’amawanga gombi nga gawagira ebibinja by’abayeekera abaali bavuganya mu lutalo lw’e Congo olw’okubiri, kyokka n’etereera nnyo ku ntandikwa y’emyaka gya 2010. Mu 2019 enkolagana wakati w’amawanga gombi yeesala, Rwanda n’eggalawo ensalo zaayo eri Uganda. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Malingha |first=David |date=8 March 2019 |title=Why a Closed Border Has Uganda, Rwanda at Loggerheads |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-03-08/why-a-closed-border-has-uganda-rwanda-at-loggerheads-quicktake |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420234647/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-03-08/why-a-closed-border-has-uganda-rwanda-at-loggerheads-quicktake |archive-date=20 April 2019 |access-date=9 March 2020 |publisher=Bloomberg}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Butera |first=Saul |last2=Ojambo |first2=Fred |date=21 February 2020 |title=Uganda, Rwanda Hold Talks On Security Concerns, Reopening Border |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-02-21/uganda-rwanda-hold-talks-on-security-concerns-reopening-border |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306072656/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-02-21/uganda-rwanda-hold-talks-on-security-concerns-reopening-border |archive-date=6 March 2020 |access-date=9 March 2020 |publisher=Bloomberg}}</ref> Nga 25 Ogwolubereberye 2025, [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] yakutula enkolagana y’abakungu ne Rwanda olw’ebigambibwa nti yali ewagira [[ekibinja ky’abayeekera ekya M23]] ekikolera mu ggwanga lino. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Asiimwe |first=George |date=25 January 2025 |title=DRC Recalls Diplomats from Rwanda, Orders Kigali Embassy Closure Amid M23 Conflict |url=https://chimpreports.com/drc-recalls-diplomats-from-rwanda-orders-kigali-embassy-closure-amid-m23-conflict/ |access-date=9 December 2025 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2025 |title=DR Congo severs ties with Rwanda as M23 rebel group closes in on Goma |url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20250126-dr-congo-severs-ties-with-rwanda-as-m23-rebel-group-closes-in-on-goma |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126161142/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20250126-dr-congo-severs-ties-with-rwanda-as-m23-rebel-group-closes-in-on-goma |archive-date=26 January 2025 |access-date=9 December 2025 |website=France 24 |language=en}}</ref> == Amaje gaayo == Amagye g’eggwanga ge ga [[Rwandan Defence Force|Rwanda Defence Force]] (RDF), nga gano galimu amagye ga Rwanda ag’oku ttaka, [[eggye ly’omu bbanga erya Rwanda]], n’amatabi ag’enjawulo ag’obuweereza.<ref>{{Cite book |last=[[International Institute for Strategic Studies]] |year=2024 |title=The Military Balance 2024 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-032-78004-7 |pages=515–516}}</ref> RDF yatandikibwawo oluvannyuma lw’olutalo lw’omunda mu 1994 okuva mu nnyiriri z’eggye ly’abayeekera erya [[Rwandan Patriotic Front|Rwanda Patriotic Front]] (RPF), nga lidda mu bigere by’eyali gavumenti eya ''Forces Armées Rwandaises'' (FAR). Okwewandiisa mu RDF kwa kyeyagalire kwonna, era ku myaka egitakka wansi wa 18. Ensaasaanya y’amagye ekola ekitundu ekyeyoleka mu mbalirira y’eggwanga, nga kino kiraga ebyokwerinda by’eggwanga mu kitundu ebikola. Wadde nga Rwanda ntono nnyo, ekuuma emu ku magye agasinga okukola emirimu mu buvanjuba bwa Africa. Eggwanga lino lifuuse lye limu ku mawanga agasinga okuyamba abakozi mu bikwekweto [[by’ekibiina ky’Amawanga Amagatte eky’okukuuma emirembe]] mu nsi yonna, nga bulijjo liri mu mawanga asatu agasinga okuwaayo amagye ku mabbali ga Nepal ne Bangladesh.<ref>{{Cite web |last=United Nations Peacekeeping |date=30 April 2025 |title=Uniformed Personnel Contributing Countries by Ranking |url=https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/troop-and-police-contributors |access-date=19 June 2026 |website=un.org}}</ref> Ebibinja bya RDF n’ebitongole bya poliisi ebitondeddwawo biyiiriddwa nnyo mu mirimu gy’okutebenkeza abantu okwetoloola ssemazinga ono, okusinga wansi w’ekitongole ky’amawanga amagatte ekivunaanyizibwa ku kutebenkeza emirimu mu Central African Republic (MINUSCA) era nga emabegako kyali wansi w’ekikwekweto kya African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation mu Darfur (UNAMID).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Beswick |first=Danielle |date=2010 |title=Peacekeeping, dependency and sovereignty: Reflections on regional power and international intervention in Africa |journal=[[Review of African Political Economy]] |volume=37 |issue=126 |pages=437–451 |doi=10.1080/03056244.2010.530461 |doi-broken-date=12 July 2026}}</ref> Ng’oggyeeko ebiragiro by’ekibiina ky’Amawanga Amagatte eby’amawanga amangi, Rwanda etera okukozesa enkola z’amagye ez’amawanga gombi ezeetongodde okukola ku bizibu by’omu kitundu. Okuva mu July 2021, RDF ebadde ekuuma abantu bangi mu ssaza ly’e Cabo Delgado mu bukiikakkono bwa [[Mozambique]] okulwanyisa obuyeekera bw’Abasiraamu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shield |first=Ralph |date=2023 |title=Rwanda's War in Mozambique: Road-Testing a 'Kigali Principles' approach to counterinsurgency? |journal=[[Small Wars & Insurgencies]] |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=161–187 |doi=10.1080/09592318.2023.2260270 |doi-broken-date=12 July 2026}}</ref> Oluvanyuma lw’ekibiina kya Southern African Development Community Mission in Mozambique (SAMIM) okuva mu mwaka gwa 2024, emirimu gyabwe gyagaziwa nnyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hill |first=Matthew |date=28 May 2024 |title=Rwanda Deploys 2,000 More Troops to Gas-Rich Mozambique Region |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-05-28/rwanda-deploys-2-000-more-troops-to-gas-rich-mozambique-region |access-date=19 June 2026 |website=[[Bloomberg News]]}}</ref> As of 2026 , ebiwandiiko ebitongole okuva mu kitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku kusindika abayeekera byalaga nti abajaasi ba Rwanda n’abebyokwerinda abasoba mu 6,300 baali banyiikivu mu ssaza lino okunafuya obusobozi bw’abayeekera n’okukuuma ebikozesebwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 June 2026 |title=Cabo Delgado: Government Says Rwandan Presence "Provides Time to Reorganise National Forces" |url=https://360mozambique.com/development/cabo-delgado-government-says-rwandan-presence-provides-time-to-reorganise-national-forces/ |access-date=19 June 2026 |website=360 Mozambique}}</ref> Mu ggwanga, RDF etegekeddwa nnyo mu pulojekiti z'enkulaakulana y'abantu baabulijjo, ng'eyiwa bayinginiya b'amagye, abakozi b'ebyobujjanjabi, n'ebitongole ebitambuza ebintu okuzimba ebizimbe bya gavumenti n'amasomero mu kampeyini y'okubunyisa amawulire buli mwaka emanyiddwa nga "RDF Citizen Production Army". == Enjawukana mu by’obufuzi == Rwanda bwe yali tennaba kufugibwa mawanga g’obugwanjuba ag'abafuzi b'amatwale, enkola ya gavumenti yalina enkola eringa ey’ebyobufuzi ebyetooloolera ku bibiina ebingi n’okugabana obuyinza. Wadde nga waaliwo ensengeka enkakali, enkola eyasooka nga abafuzi b'amatwale tebannatuuka yali ekwataganya eya "obuyinza obwa gavumenti y'awakati n'ebitundu ebirina obwetwaze ebisaasaanyiziddwa." Ku mulembe gwa bakabaka, Omutaka eyalondebwa yafuga essaza eryali lyawuddwamu disitulikiti eziwera. Abakungu abalala babiri abaalondebwa head Chief nga be bafuga disitulikiti; omukungu omu yaweebwa obuyinza ku ttaka ate omulala n’alabirira ente. [[Kabaka]] ( {{Lang|rw|mwami}} ) yafuga nga bayita mu nkola y’amasaza, disitulikiti, obusozi, n’emiriraano. Okuva mu 2003, ssemateeka yagabanya Rwanda mu [[masaza]] ( {{Lang|rw|intara}} ), [[amagombolola]] ( {{Lang|rw|uturere}} ), ebibuga, munisipaali, ebibuga, ebisaawe ( {{Lang|rw|imirenge}} ), n’ebyalo ( {{Lang|rw|imidugudu}} ); ebitundu ebinene, n’ensalo zaabyo, biteekebwawo Palamenti. Mu Gwolubereberye 2006, Rwanda yaddamu okutegekebwa era amasaza kkuminaabiri ne gagattibwa ne gakola ataano, ate disitulikiti 106 ne zigattibwa ne zifuuka amakumi asatu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gwillim Law |date=27 April 2010 |title=Rwanda Districts |url=http://www.statoids.com/yrw.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821085718/http://www.statoids.com/yrw.html |archive-date=21 August 2020 |access-date=10 October 2022 |website=www.statoids.com}}</ref> Ensalo eziriwo kati ezaakubwa mu 2006 zaali zigendereddwamu okugabanya obuyinza n’okuggyawo enkolagana n’enkola enkadde n’ekittabantu. Ensengeka eyasooka ey’amasaza ekkuminaabiri agakwatagana n’ebibuga ebisinga obunene yakyusibwa n’efuulibwa amasaza ataano nga okusinga geesigamiziddwa ku nkula y’ensi. Gano mulimu essaza ly'obukiikakkono, [[Essaza ly'obukikaddyo]], [[Eastern Province, Rwanda|Essaza ly'obuvanjuba]], [[Western Province, Rwanda|Essaza ly'obugwanjuba]], ne Munisipaali y'e Kigali mu makkati. [[Category:Ensi za Afirika]] 6b2bnaxurv6kcewf1efscskf9y9mqa5 66858 66857 2026-08-05T20:08:49Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 de-wikilinked and wikilinked 66858 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Country||image_flag=Flag of Rwanda.svg}}'''Rwanda''', nga mu mateeka eyitibwa Republic of Rwanda, ggwanga eritalina mwalo guva ku nnyanja nnene mu [[buvanjuba bwa Afirika]].[a][b] Ekifo kino kisangibwa mu nsozi mu bugwanjuba n'ebisolo ne saavannah bukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba. Ennyanja ezisinga obunene n'okwetegerezebwa ennyo zisangibwa mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba n'ebukiikakkono w'eggwanga, ate ensozi eziwandula omuliro ezikola olujegere lwa [[Virunga]] nga okusingira ddala ziri mu bukiikakkono bwa bugwanjuba. Embeera y'obudde etwalibwa ng'ey'ensozi, ng'erimu sizoni bbiri ez'enkuba n'endala bbiri ez'ekyeya buli mwaka. Ekibuga kyayo ekikulu era nga ky'ekibuga ekisinga obunene, ye [[Kigali]], ekiri mu masekkati g'eggwanga, ku [[mmita]] 1,567 waggulu w'obuwanvu bw'ennyanja. Rwanda esangibwa mu bukiikaddyo bwa Equator mu Great Rift Valley ey'o[[Buvanjuba bwa Afirika]]. Rwanda erina ensalo ne [[Uganda]] mu bukiikakkono bwayo, [[Tanzania]] mu buvanjuba, [[Burundi]] mu bukiikaddyo, ne [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] mu bugwanjuba. Nga erina abantu abasoba mu bukadde 14 ababeera mu kitundu kya 26,338 square kilometers (10,169 sq mi), nga etaka kwe bali lirimu ebitundu by'ettaka eriweza ebitundu nga 93.7%, Rwanda y'ensi ey'omulundi ogwa 21 mu nsi yonna, erina abantu nga 578 buli square kilometers (1,500 buli square mayiro). [[Abayizin'abalonzi b'emmere y'okuttale]] baasenga mu kitundu mu biseera by'amayinja n'eby'ekyuma (Stone and Iron Ages), oluvannyuma Abantu b'olyubu lw'abantu oluyitibwa Bantu ne bagoberera. Abantu baasooka kwegatta mu [[Clans of Rwanda|bika]], ate oluvannyuma ne bafuuka obwakabaka. Mu kyasa eky'ekkuminettaano, obwakabaka obumu, wansi wa [[Kabaka Gihanga]], bwasobola okugatta ebitundu ebiriraanyeewo ebingi ne butandikawo [[Obwakabaka bwa Rwanda]]. Obwakabaka bwa Rwanda bwafuga okuva mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'ekkumi n'omunaana, nga bakabaka baayo ab'ekika kya Tutsi bawangula abalala mu by'amagye, okuteekawo obuyinza obwenkomeredde, n'okussa mu nkola enkola ez'obumu. Mu 1897, [[Girimane|Germany]] yawamba Rwanda neefuuka ekitundu kyayo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ekya [[German East Africa]], n'oluvannyuma ne kuddako [[Bubirigi|Belgium]], eyafuna obuyinza mu 1916 mu kiseera kya [[Ssematalo|Ssematalo I]]. Amawanga ga Bulaaya gano gombi gaafuga eggwanga lino okuyita mu kabaka wa Rwanda era ne gatambulira ku nkola y'okuwagira Abatuusi. Abantu b'e Hutu baajeemera gavumenti mu 1959, era ne Batta Abatuusi bangi era mu nkomerero ne batandikawo ekitundu ekyali kyetwala, nga kisingamu Abahutu mu 1962 nga bakulemberwa Pulezidenti [[Grégoire Kayibanda]]. Mu 1973 Kayibanda yaggyibwa mu buyinza era Juvénal Habyarimana n'atandika okufuga, era n'asigala ng'ali wamu n'Abahutu. Ekibiina kya Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) ekikulemberwa Tutsi kyatandika [[Rwandan Civil War|olutalo olw'omunda]] mu 1990. Habyarimana [[Assassination of Juvénal Habyarimana and Cyprien Ntaryamira|yattibwa]] mu Gwokuna 1994 ebibiina ebitaamanyibwa. Obukuubagano bw'abantu bwabalukawo mu lutalo lw'e Rwanda olwakolebwa bannalukalala ba Hutu Power eri Abatuusi. RPF yakomya okutta abantu n'obuwanguzi mu Gwomusanvu 1994. Rwanda ezze efugibwa RPF ng'eggwanga ery'ekibiina ekiri mu mateeka ekimu okuva mu 1994 ng'omukulembeze w'eggwanga [[Paul Kagame]] ye pulezidenti okuva mu 2000. Eggwanga lizzew lifugibwa gavumenti ez'obuyinza okuva mu biseera byabafuzi b'amatwal. Newankubadde nga Rwanda erina omuwendo mutono ogw'[[obuli bw'enguzi]] bw'ogugeraageranya n'amawanga ag'omuliraano, y'emu ku nsi ezisinga obutono mu kunoonyereza kw'ensi yonna okw'obwenkanya bwa gavumenti n'eddembe ly'abantu, wadde ng'ebituukiddwako gye buvuddeko wabaddewo bisituddeeggwanga lino okutuukua mu ttuluba ly'awakati ku Human Development Index. Abantu baayo bakyali bato ate nga basinga kubeera mu byalo; Rwanda y'emu ku bantu abasembayo obuto mu nsi yonna. Abantu b'omu Rwanda bava mu kibiina kimu kyokka eky'obuwangwa n'olulimi, [[Banyarwanda]]. Wabula, mu kibinja kino mulimu ebibinja bisatu: [[Aba-Hutu]], Aba-Tutsi, n'Aba-[[Twa]]. Twa babeera mu kibira mu Central Africa era batera okutwalibwa ng'abazzukulu b'abantu abaasooka mu Rwanda. Obukulistaayo ye ddiini esinga obunene mu ggwanga; olulimi olusinga okwogerwa abantu b'omu Rwanda, ng'[[Olungereza]], [[Olufalansa]], n'[[Oluswayiri]] bye bimu ku nnimi ez'obwannannyini. Ebyenfuna bya Rwanda byesigamiziddwa ku mpeereza, ebyobulimi okutunda ebweru w’eggwanga, n’amakolero. Kaawa n'amajaani bye [[birime ebikulu eby’ensimbi]] by’efulumya ebweru w’eggwanga, wadde nga bisukka mu kukola amatooke. Ekisaawe ky' [[Eby’obulambuzi]] kikula mangu era kati kye kisinga okuyingiza ssente z’ebweru mu ggwanga. Okunoonyereza okwasembyeyo mu 2024, abantu 30.5% baakosebwa [[obwavu obw’enjawulo]] nga 27.4% bali wansi w’oluoimiro lw’obwavu mu ggwanga. Eggwanga lino liri mu mukago gwa [[African Union]], [[Lisangá lya Bikólo bya Molɔ́ngɔ́|United Nations]], [[Commonwealth of Nations]] (emu ku ba mmemba abatono abatalina kakwate ka byafaayo na [[British Empire|bwakabaka bwa Bungereza]] ), [[Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa|COMESA]], [[Organisation internationale de la Francophonie|OIF]], n'omukago gwa [[East African Community]] . == Ensibuko y’erinnya (Etymology). == Erinnya ''Rwanda'' liva mu kigambo Ku-aanda, ekitegeeza "okugaziwa" oba "okusaasaana okuva mu makkati", ekiraga okukula kw'ebyafaayo kw'[[Obwakabaka bwa Rwanda]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Land of Violence, A Land of Conquest: Memory, Truth, Historical Continuity, and Imperialism in Rwanda {{!}} Journal of Public and International Affairs |url=https://jpia.princeton.edu/news/land-violence-land-conquest-memory-truth-historical-continuity-and-imperialism-rwanda |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251004114443/https://jpia.princeton.edu/news/land-violence-land-conquest-memory-truth-historical-continuity-and-imperialism-rwanda |archive-date=4 October 2025 |access-date=10 October 2025 |website=jpia.princeton.edu |language=en}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo by'alyo == Okusenga kw’abantu okw’omulembe guno mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Rwanda kwava, mu kiseera ekyasembayo, mu [[budde ky’omuzira ng'eggwako]], ku biseera ebibiri, ekiseera kya [[Neolithic]] nga 8,000 BC, oba mu kiseera ekiwanvu ekya [[humid]] ekyaddirira, okutuuka nga 3,000 BC. Okusima eby’edda kwazuula obujulizi nti [[abayizzi era abakunganya]] b'emmere y'okuttale tebaabeerangawo nnyo mu kiseera kya [[Stone Age]] ekyasembayo, wabula ate ekyo kyaddirirwa omuwendo omunene ogw’abasenze abaasooka mu gw'okusaanuusa ebyuma oba [[Iron Age]], abaakolanga [[ensuwa]] ezirimu ebinnya n’ebikozesebwa eby'ebyuma. Abatuuze bano abaasooka be baali bajjajja b’aba [[Twa]], [[abayizzi era abakunganya]] b'emmere y'okuttale [[abambuti]] ab’enjawulo abaasigala mu Rwanda ne leero. Olwo mu mwaka gwa 3,000 BC, abalimi n’abalunzi b’amasekkati [[ga Sudanic]] ne [[Kuliak]] baatandika okusenga mu Rwanda, ne baddirirwa abalunzi aboogera [[olulimi Olucushitic]] mu 2,000 BC.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Schoenbrun |first=David L. |year=1993 |title=We Are What We Eat: Ancient Agriculture between the Great Lakes |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=15–16 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700032989 |jstor=183030 |s2cid=162660041}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Taylor |first=Christopher C. |date=13 September 2020 |title=Sacrifice as Terror: The Rwandan Genocide of 1994 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qHf8DwAAQBAJ |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-18448-8 |pages=63–65 |access-date=2 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250404221104/https://books.google.com/books?id=qHf8DwAAQBAJ |archive-date=4 April 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Aba Twa ababeera mu bibira baafiirwa ekitundu ekinene eky’ebifo mwe baabeeranga ne basenguka ne bagenda ku nsozi. Wakati wa 800 BC ne 1500 AD, ebibinja [[by’Ababantu]] ebiwerako byasenguka ne biyingira e Rwanda, nga bitema ettaka ly’ebibira okulima. Bannabyafaayo balina endowooza eziwerako ku ngeri y’okusenguka kw’Ababantu; endowooza emu eri nti abaasooka okusenga baali [[Bahutu]], ate oluvannyuma [[Abatutsi]] ne basenguka ne bakola ekibinja ky’amawanga ag’enjawulo, nga kiyinzika okuba nga baava mu Nilo-hamitic. Endowooza endala eri nti okusenguka kwali kwa mpola era nga kunywevu, ng’ebibinja ebiyingira byegatta mu kifo ky’okuwangula abantu abaaliwo.Mu ndowooza eno, enjawulo y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi yavaayo oluvannyuma era yali njawulo ya kibiina okusinga ey’amawanga. Engeri eyasooka ey’enkwatagana y'abantu mu kitundu ekyo yali ya kika ( ''ubwoko'' ). Ebika tebyakoma ku nnyiriri z’abuzaale oba ekitundu kyokka, era ebisinga byalimu Abahutu, Abatutsi, n’Abatwa. Okuva mu kyasa eky’ekkuminettaano, ebika byatandika okwegatta ne bifuuka obwakabaka. Obwakabaka obumu, nga bufugibwa Kabaka Gihanga, bwasobola okuyingiza ebitundu ebiwerako eby’omuliraano gwabwo ogw’okumpi ne butandikawo [[Obwakabaka bwa Rwanda]]. Mu mwaka gwa 1700, obwakabaka nga bwa mirundi munaana bwe bwali bubaddewo mu Rwanda ya leero. Obumu ku buno nga bwe bwa, [[Obwakabaka bwa Rwanda]] obwali bufugibwa ekika ky’Abatutsi [[Nyiginya]], bweyongera okufuga okuva mu makkati g’ekyasa eky’ekkuminoomunaana. Obwakabaka bwatuuka ku ntikko mu kyasa eky'ekkuminoomwenda ku mulembe gwa Ssekabaka [[Kigeli Rwabugiri]] . Rwabugiri yawangula amawanga amatonotono agawerako, n’agaziya obwakabaka okidda mu Bugwanjuba n’obukiikakkono, era n’atandikawo ennongoosereza mu nfuga; mu bino {{Lang|rw|[[ubuhake]]}}, nga mu kino abawagizi b’Abatutsi baawaayo ente, n’olwekyo n’enkizo, eri bakasitoma b’Abahutu oba Abatutsi nga bawaanyisiganya obuweereza obw’ebyenfuna n’obw’obuntu, ne {{Lang|rw|uburetwa}}, enkola ya [[corvée]] ng’Abahutu bawalirizibwa okukolera abaami b’Abatutsi. Enkyukakyuka za Rwabugiri zaavaako enjawukana okweyongera wakati w’Abahutu n’Abatutsi. Aba Twa baali bulungi okusinga mu biseera nga Obwakabaka tebunnabaawo, ng’abamu bafuuka abazinyi mu lubiri lw’obwakabaka, naye omuwendo gwabwe gweyongera okukendeera. [[Olukungaana lwa Berlin|Olukungaana lw'e Berlin]] olwatuula u 1884 lwagaba ekitundu kino eri [[Obwakabaka bwa Girimaani]], obwalangirira nti kitundu kya [[Bugirimaani ey'obuvanjuba bwa Afrika]] . Mu 1894, omuvumbuzi [[Gustav Adolf von Götzen]] ye Muzungu eyasooka okutambula ekitundu kya Rwanda kyonna, nga ono yasomoka okuva ebukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba okutuuka ku nnyanja Kivu n’asisinkana kabaka. Mu 1897, Girimaani yatandika okubeerawo mu Rwanda bwe yakola omukago ne kabaka, n’etandika omulembe gw’amatwale.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Carney |first=J.J. |year=2013 |title=Rwanda Before the Genocide: Catholic Politics and Ethnic Discourse in the Late Colonial Era |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lKFpAgAAQBAJ |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-998228-8 |page=24 |access-date=25 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701074114/https://books.google.com/books?id=lKFpAgAAQBAJ |archive-date=1 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Abagirimaani tebaakyusa nnyo nsengeka y’embeera z’abantu mu ggwanga, wabula nga bawagira kabaka n’abakulu abaaliwo, era nga bakwasa abaami b’ebitundu obuyinza.<ref>See also Helmut Strizek, "Geschenkte Kolonien: Ruanda und Burundi unter deutscher Herrschaft", Berlin: Ch.</ref> Amagye ga [[Bubirigi|Belgium]] gaalumba Rwanda ne [[Burundi]] mu 1916, mu kiseera kya [[Ssematalo|Ssematalo I]], era oluvannyuma, mu 1922, gaatandika okufuga Rwanda ne Burundi ng’ekiragiro kya [[League of Nations]] ekyayitibwa [[Ruanda-Urundi]] era ne gatandika ekiseera eky’obufuzi bw’amatwale obutereevu. Ababirigi baayanguya era ne bassa obuyinza mu mikono gya gavumenti, ne baleeta pulojekiti ennene mu byenjigiriza, ebyobulamu, emirimu gya gavumenti, n’okulondoola eby’obulimi, omuli ebirime ebipya n’okulongoosa obukodyo bw’ebyobulimi okugezaako okukendeeza ku njala. Abagirimaani n’Ababirigi, oluvannyuma lw’obufuzi bwa [[New Imperialism]], baatumbula obukulu bw’Abatutsi, nga balowooza nti Abahutu n’Abatutsi [[ab’amawanga]] ag’enjawulo. Mu 1935, Bubirigi yaleeta enkola ya ndagamuntu, eyalaganga buli muntu kye yali oba Mututsi, Muhutu, Mutwa oba Abasenze. Wadde nga emabegako kyali kisoboka Abahutu naddala abagagga okufuuka Abatutsi ab’ekitiibwa, densite zaalemesa okwongera okutambula wakati w’amadaala. Bubirigi yagenda mu maaso n'okufuga [[Ruanda-Urundi]] (Rwanda gye yakola ekitundu eky'obukiikakkono) ng'ekitundu ky'ekibiina ky'Amawanga Amagatte eky'obwesige oluvannyuma lwa [[Ssematalo II]], ng'erina obuyinza okulabirira [[obwetwaze]] obwabanga butuuse okufunibwa. Okusika omuguwa kweyongera wakati w’Abatutsi, abaali baagala okwefuga nga bukyali, n’ekibiina ky’Abahutu eky’okuwa abantu eddembe, ekyavaamu e [[Nkyukakyuka ya Rwanda]] mu 1959 : Abahutu baatandika okutta Abatutsi n’okusaanyaawo amayumba gaabwe, ne bawaliriza abantu abasoba mu 100,000 okunoonya obubudamu mu mawanga ag’omuliraano. Mu 1961, Ababirigi abaali bawagira Abahutu mu bwangu baakola [[akalulu k’ekikungo]] eggwanga mwe lyakuba akalulu okuggyawo obwakabaka. Rwanda yayawulwa ku Burundi n’efuna obwetwaze nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1962, olujjukirwa ng’olunaku lw’ameefuga, mu ggwanga.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Karuhanga |first=James |date=30 June 2018 |title=Independence Day: Did Rwanda really gain independence on July 1, 1962? |url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/independence-day-did-rwanda-really-gain-independence-july-1-1962 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630010535/http://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/independence-day-did-rwanda-really-gain-independence-july-1-1962 |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=1 July 2018 |work=[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]]}}</ref> Okuyiwa omusaayi kweyongera nga mu buwanganguse abayeekera Abatutsi baalumba okuva mu mawanga ag’omuliraano ate gavumenti eyakulemberwa Abahutu n’eddamu okwesasuza n’okutta n’okunyigiriza abantu baabulijjo Abatutsi munda mu Rwanda. Mu 1973, [[Juvénal Habyarimana]] yakwata obuyinza nga ayita mu [[kuwamba gavumenti wamu n'amagye]]. Okusosola kw’Abahutu kwagenda mu maaso, naye waaliwo okukulaakulana okw’amaanyi mu by’enfuna era n’obutabanguko obwali bukendedde ku Batutsi. Aba Twa baasigala nga basuuliddwa ku mabbali, era mu 1990 we gwatuukira kumpi gavumenti yabawalirizibwa okuva mu bibira; bangi baafuuka basabiriza. Omuwendo gw’abantu mu Rwanda gwali gweyongedde okuva ku bantu akakadde 1.6 mu 1934 okutuuka ku bantu obukadde 7.1 mu 1989, ekyavaako okuvuganya ku ttaka. Mu 1990, ekibinja ky’abayeekera ekya [[Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF)]], ekyalimu ababundabunda aba Tutsi, kyalumba obukiikakkono bwa Rwanda nga basinziira mu nkambi yaabwe mu Uganda, ne kitandikawo [[olutalo lw’omunda mu Rwanda]] . Ekibiina kino kyavumirira gavumenti eyali efugibwa Abahutu olw’okulemererwa okuteekawo demokulasiya n’okutunuulira ebizibu ababundabunda bano bye baalina. Tewali ludda lwonna lwasobola kufuna nkizo ya maanyi mu lutalo, naye mu 1992 lwali lunafuyizza obuyinza bwa Habyarimana; okwekalakasa kw’abantu abangi kwamuwaliriza okukola omukago n’oludda oluvuganya mu ggwanga era okukkakkana ng’atadde omukono ku [[ndagaano za Arusha]] eza 1993 ne RPF. == Ekittabantu e Rwanda == Okussa wansi eby'okulwanyisa kwaggwawo nga 6 Ogwokuna 1994 ennyonyi ya Habyarimana bwe yakubwa okumpi n’ekisaawe ky’ennyonyi e Kigali, n’afa. Okukuba ennyonyi eno amasasi kwakola ng’ekyavaako ekittabantu e Rwanda, ekyatandika mu ssaawa ntono okuva awo. Mu nnaku nga 100, wakati w’abantu 500,000 ne 1,000,000 Abatutsi n’Abahutu ab’ekigero mu byobufuzi battibwa mu bulumbaganyi obwali butegekeddwa obulungi ku biragiro bya gavumenti ey’ekiseera. Abatwa bangi nabo battibwa, wadde nga baali tebagendereddwa butereevu. Aba Tutsi mu RPF baddamu okulumba, era ne batwala obuyinza ku ggwanga mu nkola, ne bafuna obuyinza ku ggwanga lyonna mu makkati g'Ogwomusanvu. Engeri ensi yonna gye yakwatamu ekittabantu kino yali si y'amaanyi, ng’amawanga ag'amaanyi tegaayagala kwongera ggye ly'amawanga magatte amaanyi ng'ate lyali lirina maanyi agamala. RPF bwe yakwata obuyinza, Abahutu nga obukadde bubiri [[baddukira mu mawanga ag’omuliraano]], naddala [[Zaïre]], nga batya okwesasuza; okugatta ku ekyo, eggye eryakulemberwa RPF lyali lya maanyi nnyo mu [[lutalo lw'e Congo olwasooka]] n'[[olwokubiri]] . Munda mu Rwanda, ekiseera ky’okutabagana n’obwenkanya kyatandika, nga watandikibwawo [[kkooti y’ensi yonna evunaanyizibwa ku buzzi bw’emisango mu Rwanda]] (ICTR) n’okuddamu okuyingiza {{Lang|rw|[[Gacaca]]}}, enkola ya kkooti y’ebyalo ey’ennono. Okuva mu mwaka gwa 2000 ebyenfuna bya Rwanda, omuwendo gw'abalambuzi, [[n’omuwendo gw’enkulaakulana y’abantu]] byakula mangu; wakati wa 2006 ne 2011 obwavu bwakendeera okuva ku bitundu 57% okutuuka ku bitundu 45%, ate [[ng’emyaka omuntu gyasuubirwa okubeera ku nsi]] gyalinnya okuva ku myaka 46.6 mu 2000 okutuuka ku myaka 65.4 mu 2021. Mu kaweefube w’okutumbula obumu bw’eggwanga n’okutabagana, bendera empya eya Rwanda n’oluyimba lw’eggwanga byatongozebwa ku nkomerero ya 2001, ne biggyawo enjawulo ez’amawanga ez’olwatu mu ndagamuntu y’eggwanga entongole == Ebyobufuzi ne gavumenti == Rwanda [[ggwanga lya kibiina kimu]] ''[[mu butongole]]'' <ref name="Yale University Press">{{Cite book |last=Thomson |first=Susan |author-link=Susan Thomson |date=2018 |title=Rwanda: From Genocide to Precarious Peace |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RbxODwAAQBAJ&q=one-party+state |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-23591-3 |page=185 |access-date=11 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231022072324/https://books.google.com/books?id=RbxODwAAQBAJ&q=one-party+state |archive-date=22 October 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="The Conversation">{{Cite news |last=Sebarenzi |first=Joseph |last2=Twagiramungu |first2=Noel |date=8 April 2019 |title=Rwanda's economic growth could be derailed by its autocratic regime |url=https://theconversation.com/rwandas-economic-growth-could-be-derailed-by-its-autocratic-regime-114649 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905203956/https://theconversation.com/rwandas-economic-growth-could-be-derailed-by-its-autocratic-regime-114649 |archive-date=5 September 2023 |access-date=5 September 2023 |work=The Conversation}}</ref> <ref name="Handbook of Restorative Justice">{{Cite book |last=Waldorf |first=Lars |date=2005 |title=Handbook of Restorative Justice |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-203-34682-2 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=jGV_AgAAQBAJ&pg=PT619?] |chapter=Rwanda's failing experiment in restorative justice}}</ref> <ref name="TWQ">{{Cite journal |last=Beswick |first=Danielle |date=2011 |title=Aiding State Building and Sacrificing Peace Building? The Rwanda–UK relationship 1994–2011 |journal=Third World Quarterly |volume=32 |issue=10 |pages=1911–1930 |doi=10.1080/01436597.2011.610593 |issn=0143-6597 |s2cid=153404360}}</ref> <ref name="University of Chicago Press">{{harvnb|Bowman|2015|page=87}}</ref> <ref name="jstor.org">{{Cite journal |last=Reyntjens |first=Filip |date=2011 |title=Behind the Façade of Rwanda's Elections |journal=Georgetown Journal of International Affairs |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=64–69 |issn=1526-0054 |jstor=43133887}}</ref> erifugibwa ekibiina kya [[Rwanda Patriotic Front]] (RPF) n'omukulembeze waakyo [[Paul Kagame]] obutasalako okuva olutalo lw'omunda lwe lwaggwa mu 1994. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stroh |first=Alexander |date=2010 |title=Electoral rules of the authoritarian game: undemocratic effects of proportional representation in Rwanda |journal=Journal of Eastern African Studies |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=1–19 |doi=10.1080/17531050903550066 |s2cid=154910536}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Matfess |first=Hilary |date=2015 |title=Rwanda and Ethiopia: Developmental Authoritarianism and the New Politics of African Strong Men |journal=African Studies Review |volume=58 |issue=2 |pages=181–204 |doi=10.1017/asr.2015.43 |s2cid=143013060 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga Rwanda mu linnya ya demokulasiya, okulonda kukozesebwa mu ngeri ez’enjawulo, omuli okuwera ebibiina ebivuganya gavumenti, okukwata oba okutta abavumirira, n’[[okufera mu kulonda]]. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Waldorf |first=Lars |date=2017 |title=Warlord Democrats in Africa: Ex-Military Leaders and Electoral Politics |url=http://files.webb.uu.se/uploader/1576/Warlord-Democrats-in-Africa.pdf#page=79 |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic / [[Nordic Africa Institute]] |isbn=978-1-78360-248-3 |editor-last=Themnér |editor-first=Anders |chapter=The Apotheosis of a Warlord: Paul Kagame |access-date=27 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231127084243/http://files.webb.uu.se/uploader/1576/Warlord-Democrats-in-Africa.pdf#page=79 |archive-date=27 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> RPF kibiina ekifugibwa [[Tutsi|Abatutsi]] kyokka nga nakyo kifuna obuwagizi okuva mu bitundu ebirala. Ssemateeka ono yayisibwa oluvannyuma lw’akalulu k’eggwanga mu 2003, n’adda mu kifo kya ssemateeka ow’enkyukakyuka eyaliwo okuva mu 1994. Ssemateeka awa obuyinza enkola y'okuba n'ebibiina ebyenjawulo, ng’ebyobufuzi byesigamiziddwa ku demokulasiya n’okulonda. Kyokka ssemateeka assaawo obukwakkulizo ku ngeri ebibiina by’obufuzi gye biyinza okukolamu. Ennyingo 54 egamba nti "ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi bikugirwa okwesigama ku mawanga g'abantu, olubu lw'eggwanga, olulimi, ekika, ekitundu, ekikula ky'omuntu, eddiini oba enjawukana endala yonna eyinza okuvaako okusosola". [[Pulezidenti wa Rwanda]] ye [[mukulembeze w’eggwanga]], era alina obuyinza obugazi omuli okutondawo enkola ng’ali wamu ne [[Kabineti ya Rwanda]], okuduumira [[eggye lya Rwanda]], okuteesa n’okukakasa endagaano, okussa omukono ku biragiro bya pulezidenti, n’okulangirira olutalo oba embeera ey’akabenje. Pulezidenti alondebwa buli luvannyuma lwa myaka etaano, era n’alonda [[ssaabaminisita]] n’ababaka abalala bonna mu kabineti. [[Palamenti]] erimu ebisenge bibiri . Ekola amateeka era ssemateeka agiwa obuyinza okulabirira emirimu gya pulezidenti ne Kabineti. Olukiiko olwa wansi lwe [[Chamber of Deputies (Rwanda)|lukiiko lw’ababaka]], olulimu bammemba 80 abakola ebisanja by’emyaka etaano. Ebifo 24 ku bino biterekebwa abakyala, nga balondebwa nga bayita mu lukiiko olw’awamu olw’abakungu ba gavumenti ez’ebitundu; ebifo ebirala bisatu biterekebwa bammemba abato n’abalema; abasigadde 53 balondebwa mu [[ddembe ly’okulonda erya bonna]] wansi w’enkola y’okukiikirira [[abantu mu kugeraageranya]]. Enkola y'amateeka mu Rwanda okusinga yeesigamiziddwa ku nkola [[Civil law (legal system)|y'amateeka g'obwannannyini]] aga [[Law of Germany|Girimaani]] ne [[Law of Belgium|Bubirigi]] [[Customary law|n'amateeka g'ennono]]. Ekitongole ekiramuzi kyetongodde ku kitongole ekifuzi, wadde nga pulezidenti ne Senate beenyigira mu kulonda abalamuzi ba kkooti ey’oku ntikko. Ekitongole kya Human Rights Watch kitenderezza gavumenti ya Rwanda olw’enkulaakulana ekoleddwa mu kuwa obwenkanya omuli n’okuggyawo ekibonerezo ky’okufa, kyokka era kirumiriza okuyingirira enkola y’ekiramuzi abakiise ba gavumenti, gamba ng’okulonda abalamuzi olw’ebyobufuzi, okukozesa obubi obuyinza bw’okuwaaba, n’okunyigiriza abalamuzi okusalawo mu ngeri ey’enjawulo. Ssemateeka alaga ebika bya kkooti bibiri: ebya bulijjo n’eby’enjawulo. Kkooti eza bulijjo ze [[Kkooti Ensukkulumu]], [[High Court of Rwanda|Kkooti Enkulu]], ne kkooti z’ebitundu, ate kkooti ez’enjawulo ze kkooti z’amagye n’enkola ya kkooti z’ebyobusuubuzi eyatondebwawo mu 2011 okwanguya emisango gy’ebyobusuubuzi. Wakati wa 2004 ne 2012, enkola ya [[Kkooti z’e Gacaca|kkooti z’e ''Gacaca'']] yali ekola. {{Lang|rw|Gacaca}} nga eno yali kkooti ey'ennono nga ekolera ku byalo, n'ebitundu yasobola okukuzibwa era n'etandika okukola ku emisango gyabaali bateeberezebwa okwenyigira mu kittabantu. KKooti yasobola okumalako n'ekyokuggyawo emisango egyali gyekuusa ku kittabantu egyali gisigadde emabega, kyokka ebibiina ebirwanirira eddembe ly’obuntu ne bivumirira nti tetuukana na mutindo gwa bwenkanya mu mateeka. Rwanda omuwendo gw'obuli bw'enguzi mutono bw’ogeraageranya n’amawanga ga Africa amalala agasinga obungi. Mu 2014, ekitongole kya [[Transparency International]] kyassa Rwanda mu kifo kyakutaano mu buyonjo mu mawanga 47 agali mu [[Sub-Saharan Africa]] ate mu kifo kya 55 mu buyonjo ku mawanga 175 mu nsi yonna. Ssemateeka eraga nti waliwo [[omuntu atalina ludda]], ng’emirimu gye mulimu okutangira n’okulwanyisa obuli bw’enguzi. Abakungu ba gavumenti (nga ne pulezidenti mw’omutwalidde) ssemateeka abeetaaza okwanjula eby'obugagga byabwe eri omuntu oyo alondebwa ssemateeka n’abantu bonna; abatagoberera mateeka bayimirizibwa ku ofiisi. Wadde nga kino kiri bwe kityo, ekitongole kya Human Rights Watch kyetegereza okunyigirizibwa okw’amaanyi omuobufuzi mu ggwanga lyonna, omuli okusibibwa mu ngeri emenya amateeka era mu ngeri etali nnambulukufu, okutiisatiisa , okubuzibwawo, okuwozesebwa olw’ebyobufuzi, n’okutta abantu baabulijjo ab'ekalakaasa mu mirembe.<ref name="Roth">{{Cite book |last=Roth |first=Kenneth |date=10 December 2019 |title=Rwanda Events of 2019 |url=https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2020/country-chapters/rwanda |publisher=Human Rights Watch |access-date=4 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414062456/https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2020/country-chapters/rwanda |archive-date=14 April 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Rwanda mmemba w'ekibiina [[Lisangá lya Bikólo bya Molɔ́ngɔ́|ky'amawanga amagatte]], [[African Union|omukago gwa Africa]], [[La Francophonie|Francophonie]], [[omukago gwa East Africa]], ne [[Commonwealth of Nations]]. Okumala emyaka mingi mu kiseera ky’obufuzi bwa Habyarimana, eggwanga lino lyakuuma enkolagana ey’oku lusegere ne Bufalansa, awamu ne Bubirigi, agaali amafuzi g'amatwale. Wabula mu gavumenti ya RPF, Rwanda ebadde enoonya enkolagana ey’oku lusegere n’amawanga ag’omuliraano mu mukago gwa East African Community n’amawanga agooogera Olungereza. Enkolagana y’abakungu ne Bufalansa yayimirizibwa mu 2006 oluvannyuma lw’abakungu ba Rwanda okuvunaanibwa omulamuzi wa Bufalansa, era wadde nga nkolagana yazzibwawo mu 2010, we bwatuukira mu 2015 enkolagana wakati w’amawanga gano ekyali mu kattu. Enkolagana ne [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] yali ya bunkenke oluvannyuma lwa Rwanda okwenyigira mu [[olutalo lwa Congo olwasooka]] n'olwokubiri; amagye ga Congo gaalumiriza Rwanda okulumba amagye gaabwe, ate Rwanda n’anenya gavumenti ya Congo olw’okulemererwa okunafuya abayeekera Abahutu mu masaza ga [[Bukiikakkono]] ne [[Bukiikaddyo bwa Kivu]]. Mu 2010, ekibiina ky’amawanga amagatte kyafulumya alipoota nga kirumiriza amagye ga Rwanda okutyoboola eddembe ly’obuntu n’ebikolobero ebityoboola eddembe ly’obuntu mu Democratic Republic of the Congo mu [[olutalo lw’e Congo olwasooka]] n’olwokubiri, emisango gavumenti ya Rwanda gye yeegaana. Enkolagana yeeyongera okukaluba mu 2012, Kinshasa bwe yalumiriza Rwanda okuwagira [[obuyeekera bwa M23]], obuyeekera mu buvanjuba bwa Congo. Mu 2015 emirembe gyali gizzeemu era enkolagana yali etereera, naye we bwatuukira mu Ogwolubereberye 2025 obuwagizi bwa Rwanda obuggya eri obujeemu bwa M23 bwaleetera DR Congo okusalako enkolagana y’abakungu oluvannyuma lw’[[okulumba Goma mu 2025]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 January 2025 |title=The Democratic Republic of the Congo cut off diplomatic ties with Rwanda on Sunday as the rebel group M23, believed to be backed by Kigali, closed in on the eastern city of Goma. |url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20250126-dr-congo-severs-ties-with-rwanda-as-m23-rebel-group-closes-in-on-goma |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126161142/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20250126-dr-congo-severs-ties-with-rwanda-as-m23-rebel-group-closes-in-on-goma |archive-date=26 January 2025 |access-date=29 January 2025 |work=[[France24]]}}</ref> Enkolagana ya Rwanda ne [[Uganda]] nayo yali ya bunkenke okumala ekitundu ekinene eky’emyaka gya 2000 oluvannyuma lw’okulwanagana okwaliwo mu 1999 wakati w’amagye g’amawanga gombi nga gawagira ebibinja by’abayeekera abaali bavuganya mu lutalo lw’e Congo olw’okubiri, kyokka n’etereera nnyo ku ntandikwa y’emyaka gya 2010. Mu 2019 enkolagana wakati w’amawanga gombi yeesala, Rwanda n’eggalawo ensalo zaayo eri Uganda. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Malingha |first=David |date=8 March 2019 |title=Why a Closed Border Has Uganda, Rwanda at Loggerheads |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-03-08/why-a-closed-border-has-uganda-rwanda-at-loggerheads-quicktake |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420234647/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-03-08/why-a-closed-border-has-uganda-rwanda-at-loggerheads-quicktake |archive-date=20 April 2019 |access-date=9 March 2020 |publisher=Bloomberg}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Butera |first=Saul |last2=Ojambo |first2=Fred |date=21 February 2020 |title=Uganda, Rwanda Hold Talks On Security Concerns, Reopening Border |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-02-21/uganda-rwanda-hold-talks-on-security-concerns-reopening-border |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306072656/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-02-21/uganda-rwanda-hold-talks-on-security-concerns-reopening-border |archive-date=6 March 2020 |access-date=9 March 2020 |publisher=Bloomberg}}</ref> Nga 25 Ogwolubereberye 2025, [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] yakutula enkolagana y’abakungu ne Rwanda olw’ebigambibwa nti yali ewagira [[ekibinja ky’abayeekera ekya M23]] ekikolera mu ggwanga lino. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Asiimwe |first=George |date=25 January 2025 |title=DRC Recalls Diplomats from Rwanda, Orders Kigali Embassy Closure Amid M23 Conflict |url=https://chimpreports.com/drc-recalls-diplomats-from-rwanda-orders-kigali-embassy-closure-amid-m23-conflict/ |access-date=9 December 2025 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2025 |title=DR Congo severs ties with Rwanda as M23 rebel group closes in on Goma |url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20250126-dr-congo-severs-ties-with-rwanda-as-m23-rebel-group-closes-in-on-goma |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126161142/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20250126-dr-congo-severs-ties-with-rwanda-as-m23-rebel-group-closes-in-on-goma |archive-date=26 January 2025 |access-date=9 December 2025 |website=France 24 |language=en}}</ref> == Amaje gaayo == Amagye g’eggwanga ge ga [[Rwandan Defence Force|Rwanda Defence Force]] (RDF), nga gano galimu amagye ga Rwanda ag’oku ttaka, [[eggye ly’omu bbanga erya Rwanda]], n’amatabi ag’enjawulo ag’obuweereza.<ref>{{Cite book |last=[[International Institute for Strategic Studies]] |year=2024 |title=The Military Balance 2024 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-032-78004-7 |pages=515–516}}</ref> RDF yatandikibwawo oluvannyuma lw’olutalo lw’omunda mu 1994 okuva mu nnyiriri z’eggye ly’abayeekera erya [[Rwandan Patriotic Front|Rwanda Patriotic Front]] (RPF), nga lidda mu bigere by’eyali gavumenti eya ''Forces Armées Rwandaises'' (FAR). Okwewandiisa mu RDF kwa kyeyagalire kwonna, era ku myaka egitakka wansi wa 18. Ensaasaanya y’amagye ekola ekitundu ekyeyoleka mu mbalirira y’eggwanga, nga kino kiraga ebyokwerinda by’eggwanga mu kitundu ebikola. Wadde nga Rwanda ntono nnyo, ekuuma emu ku magye agasinga okukola emirimu mu buvanjuba bwa Africa. Eggwanga lino lifuuse lye limu ku mawanga agasinga okuyamba abakozi mu bikwekweto [[by’ekibiina ky’Amawanga Amagatte eky’okukuuma emirembe]] mu nsi yonna, nga bulijjo liri mu mawanga asatu agasinga okuwaayo amagye ku mabbali ga Nepal ne Bangladesh.<ref>{{Cite web |last=United Nations Peacekeeping |date=30 April 2025 |title=Uniformed Personnel Contributing Countries by Ranking |url=https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/troop-and-police-contributors |access-date=19 June 2026 |website=un.org}}</ref> Ebibinja bya RDF n’ebitongole bya poliisi ebitondeddwawo biyiiriddwa nnyo mu mirimu gy’okutebenkeza abantu okwetoloola ssemazinga ono, okusinga wansi w’ekitongole ky’amawanga amagatte ekivunaanyizibwa ku kutebenkeza emirimu mu Central African Republic (MINUSCA) era nga emabegako kyali wansi w’ekikwekweto kya African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation mu Darfur (UNAMID).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Beswick |first=Danielle |date=2010 |title=Peacekeeping, dependency and sovereignty: Reflections on regional power and international intervention in Africa |journal=[[Review of African Political Economy]] |volume=37 |issue=126 |pages=437–451 |doi=10.1080/03056244.2010.530461 |doi-broken-date=12 July 2026}}</ref> Ng’oggyeeko ebiragiro by’ekibiina ky’Amawanga Amagatte eby’amawanga amangi, Rwanda etera okukozesa enkola z’amagye ez’amawanga gombi ezeetongodde okukola ku bizibu by’omu kitundu. Okuva mu July 2021, RDF ebadde ekuuma abantu bangi mu ssaza ly’e Cabo Delgado mu bukiikakkono bwa [[Mozambique]] okulwanyisa obuyeekera bw’Abasiraamu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shield |first=Ralph |date=2023 |title=Rwanda's War in Mozambique: Road-Testing a 'Kigali Principles' approach to counterinsurgency? |journal=[[Small Wars & Insurgencies]] |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=161–187 |doi=10.1080/09592318.2023.2260270 |doi-broken-date=12 July 2026}}</ref> Oluvanyuma lw’ekibiina kya Southern African Development Community Mission in Mozambique (SAMIM) okuva mu mwaka gwa 2024, emirimu gyabwe gyagaziwa nnyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hill |first=Matthew |date=28 May 2024 |title=Rwanda Deploys 2,000 More Troops to Gas-Rich Mozambique Region |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-05-28/rwanda-deploys-2-000-more-troops-to-gas-rich-mozambique-region |access-date=19 June 2026 |website=[[Bloomberg News]]}}</ref> As of 2026 , ebiwandiiko ebitongole okuva mu kitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku kusindika abayeekera byalaga nti abajaasi ba Rwanda n’abebyokwerinda abasoba mu 6,300 baali banyiikivu mu ssaza lino okunafuya obusobozi bw’abayeekera n’okukuuma ebikozesebwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 June 2026 |title=Cabo Delgado: Government Says Rwandan Presence "Provides Time to Reorganise National Forces" |url=https://360mozambique.com/development/cabo-delgado-government-says-rwandan-presence-provides-time-to-reorganise-national-forces/ |access-date=19 June 2026 |website=360 Mozambique}}</ref> Mu ggwanga, RDF etegekeddwa nnyo mu pulojekiti z'enkulaakulana y'abantu baabulijjo, ng'eyiwa bayinginiya b'amagye, abakozi b'ebyobujjanjabi, n'ebitongole ebitambuza ebintu okuzimba ebizimbe bya gavumenti n'amasomero mu kampeyini y'okubunyisa amawulire buli mwaka emanyiddwa nga "RDF Citizen Production Army". == Enjawukana mu by’obufuzi == Rwanda bwe yali tennaba kufugibwa mawanga g’obugwanjuba ag'abafuzi b'amatwale, enkola ya gavumenti yalina enkola eringa ey’ebyobufuzi ebyetooloolera ku bibiina ebingi n’okugabana obuyinza. Wadde nga waaliwo ensengeka enkakali, enkola eyasooka nga abafuzi b'amatwale tebannatuuka yali ekwataganya eya "obuyinza obwa gavumenti y'awakati n'ebitundu ebirina obwetwaze ebisaasaanyiziddwa." Ku mulembe gwa bakabaka, Omutaka eyalondebwa yafuga essaza eryali lyawuddwamu disitulikiti eziwera. Abakungu abalala babiri abaalondebwa head Chief nga be bafuga disitulikiti; omukungu omu yaweebwa obuyinza ku ttaka ate omulala n’alabirira ente. [[Kabaka]] ( {{Lang|rw|mwami}} ) yafuga nga bayita mu nkola y’amasaza, disitulikiti, obusozi, n’emiriraano. Okuva mu 2003, ssemateeka yagabanya Rwanda mu [[masaza]] ( {{Lang|rw|intara}} ), [[amagombolola]] ( {{Lang|rw|uturere}} ), ebibuga, munisipaali, ebibuga, ebisaawe ( {{Lang|rw|imirenge}} ), n’ebyalo ( {{Lang|rw|imidugudu}} ); ebitundu ebinene, n’ensalo zaabyo, biteekebwawo Palamenti. Mu Gwolubereberye 2006, Rwanda yaddamu okutegekebwa era amasaza kkuminaabiri ne gagattibwa ne gakola ataano, ate disitulikiti 106 ne zigattibwa ne zifuuka amakumi asatu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gwillim Law |date=27 April 2010 |title=Rwanda Districts |url=http://www.statoids.com/yrw.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821085718/http://www.statoids.com/yrw.html |archive-date=21 August 2020 |access-date=10 October 2022 |website=www.statoids.com}}</ref> Ensalo eziriwo kati ezaakubwa mu 2006 zaali zigendereddwamu okugabanya obuyinza n’okuggyawo enkolagana n’enkola enkadde n’ekittabantu. Ensengeka eyasooka ey’amasaza ekkuminaabiri agakwatagana n’ebibuga ebisinga obunene yakyusibwa n’efuulibwa amasaza ataano nga okusinga geesigamiziddwa ku nkula y’ensi. Gano mulimu [[essaza ly'obukiikakkono]], [[Essaza ly'obukikaddyo]], [[Eastern Province, Rwanda|Essaza ly'obuvanjuba]], [[Western Province, Rwanda|Essaza ly'obugwanjuba]], ne Munisipaali y'e Kigali mu makkati. [[Category:Ensi za Afirika]] hp9p92l9nx2zs7ngf9grahie8djm5da 66859 66858 2026-08-05T20:10:09Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 de-wikilinked and wikilinked 66859 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Country||image_flag=Flag of Rwanda.svg}}'''Rwanda''', nga mu mateeka eyitibwa Republic of Rwanda, ggwanga eritalina mwalo guva ku nnyanja nnene mu [[buvanjuba bwa Afirika]].[a][b] Ekifo kino kisangibwa mu nsozi mu bugwanjuba n'ebisolo ne saavannah bukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba. Ennyanja ezisinga obunene n'okwetegerezebwa ennyo zisangibwa mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba n'ebukiikakkono w'eggwanga, ate ensozi eziwandula omuliro ezikola olujegere lwa [[Virunga]] nga okusingira ddala ziri mu bukiikakkono bwa bugwanjuba. Embeera y'obudde etwalibwa ng'ey'ensozi, ng'erimu sizoni bbiri ez'enkuba n'endala bbiri ez'ekyeya buli mwaka. Ekibuga kyayo ekikulu era nga ky'ekibuga ekisinga obunene, ye [[Kigali]], ekiri mu masekkati g'eggwanga, ku [[mmita]] 1,567 waggulu w'obuwanvu bw'ennyanja. Rwanda esangibwa mu bukiikaddyo bwa Equator mu Great Rift Valley ey'o[[Buvanjuba bwa Afirika]]. Rwanda erina ensalo ne [[Uganda]] mu bukiikakkono bwayo, [[Tanzania]] mu buvanjuba, [[Burundi]] mu bukiikaddyo, ne [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] mu bugwanjuba. Nga erina abantu abasoba mu bukadde 14 ababeera mu kitundu kya 26,338 square kilometers (10,169 sq mi), nga etaka kwe bali lirimu ebitundu by'ettaka eriweza ebitundu nga 93.7%, Rwanda y'ensi ey'omulundi ogwa 21 mu nsi yonna, erina abantu nga 578 buli square kilometers (1,500 buli square mayiro). [[Abayizin'abalonzi b'emmere y'okuttale]] baasenga mu kitundu mu biseera by'amayinja n'eby'ekyuma (Stone and Iron Ages), oluvannyuma Abantu b'olyubu lw'abantu oluyitibwa Bantu ne bagoberera. Abantu baasooka kwegatta mu [[Clans of Rwanda|bika]], ate oluvannyuma ne bafuuka obwakabaka. Mu kyasa eky'ekkuminettaano, obwakabaka obumu, wansi wa [[Kabaka Gihanga]], bwasobola okugatta ebitundu ebiriraanyeewo ebingi ne butandikawo [[Obwakabaka bwa Rwanda]]. Obwakabaka bwa Rwanda bwafuga okuva mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'ekkumi n'omunaana, nga bakabaka baayo ab'ekika kya Tutsi bawangula abalala mu by'amagye, okuteekawo obuyinza obwenkomeredde, n'okussa mu nkola enkola ez'obumu. Mu 1897, [[Girimane|Germany]] yawamba Rwanda neefuuka ekitundu kyayo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ekya [[German East Africa]], n'oluvannyuma ne kuddako [[Bubirigi|Belgium]], eyafuna obuyinza mu 1916 mu kiseera kya [[Ssematalo|Ssematalo I]]. Amawanga ga Bulaaya gano gombi gaafuga eggwanga lino okuyita mu kabaka wa Rwanda era ne gatambulira ku nkola y'okuwagira Abatuusi. Abantu b'e Hutu baajeemera gavumenti mu 1959, era ne Batta Abatuusi bangi era mu nkomerero ne batandikawo ekitundu ekyali kyetwala, nga kisingamu Abahutu mu 1962 nga bakulemberwa Pulezidenti [[Grégoire Kayibanda]]. Mu 1973 Kayibanda yaggyibwa mu buyinza era Juvénal Habyarimana n'atandika okufuga, era n'asigala ng'ali wamu n'Abahutu. Ekibiina kya Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) ekikulemberwa Tutsi kyatandika [[Rwandan Civil War|olutalo olw'omunda]] mu 1990. Habyarimana [[Assassination of Juvénal Habyarimana and Cyprien Ntaryamira|yattibwa]] mu Gwokuna 1994 ebibiina ebitaamanyibwa. Obukuubagano bw'abantu bwabalukawo mu lutalo lw'e Rwanda olwakolebwa bannalukalala ba Hutu Power eri Abatuusi. RPF yakomya okutta abantu n'obuwanguzi mu Gwomusanvu 1994. Rwanda ezze efugibwa RPF ng'eggwanga ery'ekibiina ekiri mu mateeka ekimu okuva mu 1994 ng'omukulembeze w'eggwanga [[Paul Kagame]] ye pulezidenti okuva mu 2000. Eggwanga lizzew lifugibwa gavumenti ez'obuyinza okuva mu biseera byabafuzi b'amatwal. Newankubadde nga Rwanda erina omuwendo mutono ogw'[[obuli bw'enguzi]] bw'ogugeraageranya n'amawanga ag'omuliraano, y'emu ku nsi ezisinga obutono mu kunoonyereza kw'ensi yonna okw'obwenkanya bwa gavumenti n'eddembe ly'abantu, wadde ng'ebituukiddwako gye buvuddeko wabaddewo bisituddeeggwanga lino okutuukua mu ttuluba ly'awakati ku Human Development Index. Abantu baayo bakyali bato ate nga basinga kubeera mu byalo; Rwanda y'emu ku bantu abasembayo obuto mu nsi yonna. Abantu b'omu Rwanda bava mu kibiina kimu kyokka eky'obuwangwa n'olulimi, [[Banyarwanda]]. Wabula, mu kibinja kino mulimu ebibinja bisatu: [[Aba-Hutu]], Aba-Tutsi, n'Aba-[[Twa]]. Twa babeera mu kibira mu Central Africa era batera okutwalibwa ng'abazzukulu b'abantu abaasooka mu Rwanda. Obukulistaayo ye ddiini esinga obunene mu ggwanga; olulimi olusinga okwogerwa abantu b'omu Rwanda, ng'[[Olungereza]], [[Olufalansa]], n'[[Oluswayiri]] bye bimu ku nnimi ez'obwannannyini. Ebyenfuna bya Rwanda byesigamiziddwa ku mpeereza, ebyobulimi okutunda ebweru w’eggwanga, n’amakolero. Kaawa n'amajaani bye [[birime ebikulu eby’ensimbi]] by’efulumya ebweru w’eggwanga, wadde nga bisukka mu kukola amatooke. Ekisaawe ky' [[Eby’obulambuzi]] kikula mangu era kati kye kisinga okuyingiza ssente z’ebweru mu ggwanga. Okunoonyereza okwasembyeyo mu 2024, abantu 30.5% baakosebwa [[obwavu obw’enjawulo]] nga 27.4% bali wansi w’oluoimiro lw’obwavu mu ggwanga. Eggwanga lino liri mu mukago gwa [[African Union]], [[Lisangá lya Bikólo bya Molɔ́ngɔ́|United Nations]], [[Commonwealth of Nations]] (emu ku ba mmemba abatono abatalina kakwate ka byafaayo na [[British Empire|bwakabaka bwa Bungereza]] ), [[Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa|COMESA]], [[Organisation internationale de la Francophonie|OIF]], n'omukago gwa [[East African Community]] . == Ensibuko y’erinnya (Etymology). == Erinnya ''Rwanda'' liva mu kigambo Ku-aanda, ekitegeeza "okugaziwa" oba "okusaasaana okuva mu makkati", ekiraga okukula kw'ebyafaayo kw'[[Obwakabaka bwa Rwanda]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Land of Violence, A Land of Conquest: Memory, Truth, Historical Continuity, and Imperialism in Rwanda {{!}} Journal of Public and International Affairs |url=https://jpia.princeton.edu/news/land-violence-land-conquest-memory-truth-historical-continuity-and-imperialism-rwanda |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251004114443/https://jpia.princeton.edu/news/land-violence-land-conquest-memory-truth-historical-continuity-and-imperialism-rwanda |archive-date=4 October 2025 |access-date=10 October 2025 |website=jpia.princeton.edu |language=en}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo by'alyo == Okusenga kw’abantu okw’omulembe guno mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Rwanda kwava, mu kiseera ekyasembayo, mu [[budde ky’omuzira ng'eggwako]], ku biseera ebibiri, ekiseera kya [[Neolithic]] nga 8,000 BC, oba mu kiseera ekiwanvu ekya [[humid]] ekyaddirira, okutuuka nga 3,000 BC. Okusima eby’edda kwazuula obujulizi nti [[abayizzi era abakunganya]] b'emmere y'okuttale tebaabeerangawo nnyo mu kiseera kya [[Stone Age]] ekyasembayo, wabula ate ekyo kyaddirirwa omuwendo omunene ogw’abasenze abaasooka mu gw'okusaanuusa ebyuma oba [[Iron Age]], abaakolanga [[ensuwa]] ezirimu ebinnya n’ebikozesebwa eby'ebyuma. Abatuuze bano abaasooka be baali bajjajja b’aba [[Twa]], [[abayizzi era abakunganya]] b'emmere y'okuttale [[abambuti]] ab’enjawulo abaasigala mu Rwanda ne leero. Olwo mu mwaka gwa 3,000 BC, abalimi n’abalunzi b’amasekkati [[ga Sudanic]] ne [[Kuliak]] baatandika okusenga mu Rwanda, ne baddirirwa abalunzi aboogera [[olulimi Olucushitic]] mu 2,000 BC.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Schoenbrun |first=David L. |year=1993 |title=We Are What We Eat: Ancient Agriculture between the Great Lakes |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=15–16 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700032989 |jstor=183030 |s2cid=162660041}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Taylor |first=Christopher C. |date=13 September 2020 |title=Sacrifice as Terror: The Rwandan Genocide of 1994 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qHf8DwAAQBAJ |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-18448-8 |pages=63–65 |access-date=2 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250404221104/https://books.google.com/books?id=qHf8DwAAQBAJ |archive-date=4 April 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Aba Twa ababeera mu bibira baafiirwa ekitundu ekinene eky’ebifo mwe baabeeranga ne basenguka ne bagenda ku nsozi. Wakati wa 800 BC ne 1500 AD, ebibinja [[by’Ababantu]] ebiwerako byasenguka ne biyingira e Rwanda, nga bitema ettaka ly’ebibira okulima. Bannabyafaayo balina endowooza eziwerako ku ngeri y’okusenguka kw’Ababantu; endowooza emu eri nti abaasooka okusenga baali [[Bahutu]], ate oluvannyuma [[Abatutsi]] ne basenguka ne bakola ekibinja ky’amawanga ag’enjawulo, nga kiyinzika okuba nga baava mu Nilo-hamitic. Endowooza endala eri nti okusenguka kwali kwa mpola era nga kunywevu, ng’ebibinja ebiyingira byegatta mu kifo ky’okuwangula abantu abaaliwo.Mu ndowooza eno, enjawulo y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi yavaayo oluvannyuma era yali njawulo ya kibiina okusinga ey’amawanga. Engeri eyasooka ey’enkwatagana y'abantu mu kitundu ekyo yali ya kika ( ''ubwoko'' ). Ebika tebyakoma ku nnyiriri z’abuzaale oba ekitundu kyokka, era ebisinga byalimu Abahutu, Abatutsi, n’Abatwa. Okuva mu kyasa eky’ekkuminettaano, ebika byatandika okwegatta ne bifuuka obwakabaka. Obwakabaka obumu, nga bufugibwa Kabaka Gihanga, bwasobola okuyingiza ebitundu ebiwerako eby’omuliraano gwabwo ogw’okumpi ne butandikawo [[Obwakabaka bwa Rwanda]]. Mu mwaka gwa 1700, obwakabaka nga bwa mirundi munaana bwe bwali bubaddewo mu Rwanda ya leero. Obumu ku buno nga bwe bwa, [[Obwakabaka bwa Rwanda]] obwali bufugibwa ekika ky’Abatutsi [[Nyiginya]], bweyongera okufuga okuva mu makkati g’ekyasa eky’ekkuminoomunaana. Obwakabaka bwatuuka ku ntikko mu kyasa eky'ekkuminoomwenda ku mulembe gwa Ssekabaka [[Kigeli Rwabugiri]] . Rwabugiri yawangula amawanga amatonotono agawerako, n’agaziya obwakabaka okidda mu Bugwanjuba n’obukiikakkono, era n’atandikawo ennongoosereza mu nfuga; mu bino {{Lang|rw|[[ubuhake]]}}, nga mu kino abawagizi b’Abatutsi baawaayo ente, n’olwekyo n’enkizo, eri bakasitoma b’Abahutu oba Abatutsi nga bawaanyisiganya obuweereza obw’ebyenfuna n’obw’obuntu, ne {{Lang|rw|uburetwa}}, enkola ya [[corvée]] ng’Abahutu bawalirizibwa okukolera abaami b’Abatutsi. Enkyukakyuka za Rwabugiri zaavaako enjawukana okweyongera wakati w’Abahutu n’Abatutsi. Aba Twa baali bulungi okusinga mu biseera nga Obwakabaka tebunnabaawo, ng’abamu bafuuka abazinyi mu lubiri lw’obwakabaka, naye omuwendo gwabwe gweyongera okukendeera. [[Olukungaana lwa Berlin|Olukungaana lw'e Berlin]] olwatuula u 1884 lwagaba ekitundu kino eri [[Obwakabaka bwa Girimaani]], obwalangirira nti kitundu kya [[Bugirimaani ey'obuvanjuba bwa Afrika]] . Mu 1894, omuvumbuzi [[Gustav Adolf von Götzen]] ye Muzungu eyasooka okutambula ekitundu kya Rwanda kyonna, nga ono yasomoka okuva ebukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba okutuuka ku nnyanja Kivu n’asisinkana kabaka. Mu 1897, Girimaani yatandika okubeerawo mu Rwanda bwe yakola omukago ne kabaka, n’etandika omulembe gw’amatwale.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Carney |first=J.J. |year=2013 |title=Rwanda Before the Genocide: Catholic Politics and Ethnic Discourse in the Late Colonial Era |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lKFpAgAAQBAJ |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-998228-8 |page=24 |access-date=25 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701074114/https://books.google.com/books?id=lKFpAgAAQBAJ |archive-date=1 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Abagirimaani tebaakyusa nnyo nsengeka y’embeera z’abantu mu ggwanga, wabula nga bawagira kabaka n’abakulu abaaliwo, era nga bakwasa abaami b’ebitundu obuyinza.<ref>See also Helmut Strizek, "Geschenkte Kolonien: Ruanda und Burundi unter deutscher Herrschaft", Berlin: Ch.</ref> Amagye ga [[Bubirigi|Belgium]] gaalumba Rwanda ne [[Burundi]] mu 1916, mu kiseera kya [[Ssematalo|Ssematalo I]], era oluvannyuma, mu 1922, gaatandika okufuga Rwanda ne Burundi ng’ekiragiro kya [[League of Nations]] ekyayitibwa [[Ruanda-Urundi]] era ne gatandika ekiseera eky’obufuzi bw’amatwale obutereevu. Ababirigi baayanguya era ne bassa obuyinza mu mikono gya gavumenti, ne baleeta pulojekiti ennene mu byenjigiriza, ebyobulamu, emirimu gya gavumenti, n’okulondoola eby’obulimi, omuli ebirime ebipya n’okulongoosa obukodyo bw’ebyobulimi okugezaako okukendeeza ku njala. Abagirimaani n’Ababirigi, oluvannyuma lw’obufuzi bwa [[New Imperialism]], baatumbula obukulu bw’Abatutsi, nga balowooza nti Abahutu n’Abatutsi [[ab’amawanga]] ag’enjawulo. Mu 1935, Bubirigi yaleeta enkola ya ndagamuntu, eyalaganga buli muntu kye yali oba Mututsi, Muhutu, Mutwa oba Abasenze. Wadde nga emabegako kyali kisoboka Abahutu naddala abagagga okufuuka Abatutsi ab’ekitiibwa, densite zaalemesa okwongera okutambula wakati w’amadaala. Bubirigi yagenda mu maaso n'okufuga [[Ruanda-Urundi]] (Rwanda gye yakola ekitundu eky'obukiikakkono) ng'ekitundu ky'ekibiina ky'Amawanga Amagatte eky'obwesige oluvannyuma lwa [[Ssematalo II]], ng'erina obuyinza okulabirira [[obwetwaze]] obwabanga butuuse okufunibwa. Okusika omuguwa kweyongera wakati w’Abatutsi, abaali baagala okwefuga nga bukyali, n’ekibiina ky’Abahutu eky’okuwa abantu eddembe, ekyavaamu e [[Nkyukakyuka ya Rwanda]] mu 1959 : Abahutu baatandika okutta Abatutsi n’okusaanyaawo amayumba gaabwe, ne bawaliriza abantu abasoba mu 100,000 okunoonya obubudamu mu mawanga ag’omuliraano. Mu 1961, Ababirigi abaali bawagira Abahutu mu bwangu baakola [[akalulu k’ekikungo]] eggwanga mwe lyakuba akalulu okuggyawo obwakabaka. Rwanda yayawulwa ku Burundi n’efuna obwetwaze nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1962, olujjukirwa ng’olunaku lw’ameefuga, mu ggwanga.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Karuhanga |first=James |date=30 June 2018 |title=Independence Day: Did Rwanda really gain independence on July 1, 1962? |url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/independence-day-did-rwanda-really-gain-independence-july-1-1962 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630010535/http://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/independence-day-did-rwanda-really-gain-independence-july-1-1962 |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=1 July 2018 |work=[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]]}}</ref> Okuyiwa omusaayi kweyongera nga mu buwanganguse abayeekera Abatutsi baalumba okuva mu mawanga ag’omuliraano ate gavumenti eyakulemberwa Abahutu n’eddamu okwesasuza n’okutta n’okunyigiriza abantu baabulijjo Abatutsi munda mu Rwanda. Mu 1973, [[Juvénal Habyarimana]] yakwata obuyinza nga ayita mu [[kuwamba gavumenti wamu n'amagye]]. Okusosola kw’Abahutu kwagenda mu maaso, naye waaliwo okukulaakulana okw’amaanyi mu by’enfuna era n’obutabanguko obwali bukendedde ku Batutsi. Aba Twa baasigala nga basuuliddwa ku mabbali, era mu 1990 we gwatuukira kumpi gavumenti yabawalirizibwa okuva mu bibira; bangi baafuuka basabiriza. Omuwendo gw’abantu mu Rwanda gwali gweyongedde okuva ku bantu akakadde 1.6 mu 1934 okutuuka ku bantu obukadde 7.1 mu 1989, ekyavaako okuvuganya ku ttaka. Mu 1990, ekibinja ky’abayeekera ekya [[Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF)]], ekyalimu ababundabunda aba Tutsi, kyalumba obukiikakkono bwa Rwanda nga basinziira mu nkambi yaabwe mu Uganda, ne kitandikawo [[olutalo lw’omunda mu Rwanda]] . Ekibiina kino kyavumirira gavumenti eyali efugibwa Abahutu olw’okulemererwa okuteekawo demokulasiya n’okutunuulira ebizibu ababundabunda bano bye baalina. Tewali ludda lwonna lwasobola kufuna nkizo ya maanyi mu lutalo, naye mu 1992 lwali lunafuyizza obuyinza bwa Habyarimana; okwekalakasa kw’abantu abangi kwamuwaliriza okukola omukago n’oludda oluvuganya mu ggwanga era okukkakkana ng’atadde omukono ku [[ndagaano za Arusha]] eza 1993 ne RPF. == Ekittabantu e Rwanda == Okussa wansi eby'okulwanyisa kwaggwawo nga 6 Ogwokuna 1994 ennyonyi ya Habyarimana bwe yakubwa okumpi n’ekisaawe ky’ennyonyi e Kigali, n’afa. Okukuba ennyonyi eno amasasi kwakola ng’ekyavaako ekittabantu e Rwanda, ekyatandika mu ssaawa ntono okuva awo. Mu nnaku nga 100, wakati w’abantu 500,000 ne 1,000,000 Abatutsi n’Abahutu ab’ekigero mu byobufuzi battibwa mu bulumbaganyi obwali butegekeddwa obulungi ku biragiro bya gavumenti ey’ekiseera. Abatwa bangi nabo battibwa, wadde nga baali tebagendereddwa butereevu. Aba Tutsi mu RPF baddamu okulumba, era ne batwala obuyinza ku ggwanga mu nkola, ne bafuna obuyinza ku ggwanga lyonna mu makkati g'Ogwomusanvu. Engeri ensi yonna gye yakwatamu ekittabantu kino yali si y'amaanyi, ng’amawanga ag'amaanyi tegaayagala kwongera ggye ly'amawanga magatte amaanyi ng'ate lyali lirina maanyi agamala. RPF bwe yakwata obuyinza, Abahutu nga obukadde bubiri [[baddukira mu mawanga ag’omuliraano]], naddala [[Zaïre]], nga batya okwesasuza; okugatta ku ekyo, eggye eryakulemberwa RPF lyali lya maanyi nnyo mu [[lutalo lw'e Congo olwasooka]] n'[[olwokubiri]] . Munda mu Rwanda, ekiseera ky’okutabagana n’obwenkanya kyatandika, nga watandikibwawo [[kkooti y’ensi yonna evunaanyizibwa ku buzzi bw’emisango mu Rwanda]] (ICTR) n’okuddamu okuyingiza {{Lang|rw|[[Gacaca]]}}, enkola ya kkooti y’ebyalo ey’ennono. Okuva mu mwaka gwa 2000 ebyenfuna bya Rwanda, omuwendo gw'abalambuzi, [[n’omuwendo gw’enkulaakulana y’abantu]] byakula mangu; wakati wa 2006 ne 2011 obwavu bwakendeera okuva ku bitundu 57% okutuuka ku bitundu 45%, ate [[ng’emyaka omuntu gyasuubirwa okubeera ku nsi]] gyalinnya okuva ku myaka 46.6 mu 2000 okutuuka ku myaka 65.4 mu 2021. Mu kaweefube w’okutumbula obumu bw’eggwanga n’okutabagana, bendera empya eya Rwanda n’oluyimba lw’eggwanga byatongozebwa ku nkomerero ya 2001, ne biggyawo enjawulo ez’amawanga ez’olwatu mu ndagamuntu y’eggwanga entongole == Ebyobufuzi ne gavumenti == Rwanda [[ggwanga lya kibiina kimu]] ''[[mu butongole]]'' <ref name="Yale University Press">{{Cite book |last=Thomson |first=Susan |author-link=Susan Thomson |date=2018 |title=Rwanda: From Genocide to Precarious Peace |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RbxODwAAQBAJ&q=one-party+state |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-23591-3 |page=185 |access-date=11 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231022072324/https://books.google.com/books?id=RbxODwAAQBAJ&q=one-party+state |archive-date=22 October 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="The Conversation">{{Cite news |last=Sebarenzi |first=Joseph |last2=Twagiramungu |first2=Noel |date=8 April 2019 |title=Rwanda's economic growth could be derailed by its autocratic regime |url=https://theconversation.com/rwandas-economic-growth-could-be-derailed-by-its-autocratic-regime-114649 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905203956/https://theconversation.com/rwandas-economic-growth-could-be-derailed-by-its-autocratic-regime-114649 |archive-date=5 September 2023 |access-date=5 September 2023 |work=The Conversation}}</ref> <ref name="Handbook of Restorative Justice">{{Cite book |last=Waldorf |first=Lars |date=2005 |title=Handbook of Restorative Justice |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-203-34682-2 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=jGV_AgAAQBAJ&pg=PT619?] |chapter=Rwanda's failing experiment in restorative justice}}</ref> <ref name="TWQ">{{Cite journal |last=Beswick |first=Danielle |date=2011 |title=Aiding State Building and Sacrificing Peace Building? The Rwanda–UK relationship 1994–2011 |journal=Third World Quarterly |volume=32 |issue=10 |pages=1911–1930 |doi=10.1080/01436597.2011.610593 |issn=0143-6597 |s2cid=153404360}}</ref> <ref name="University of Chicago Press">{{harvnb|Bowman|2015|page=87}}</ref> <ref name="jstor.org">{{Cite journal |last=Reyntjens |first=Filip |date=2011 |title=Behind the Façade of Rwanda's Elections |journal=Georgetown Journal of International Affairs |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=64–69 |issn=1526-0054 |jstor=43133887}}</ref> erifugibwa ekibiina kya [[Rwanda Patriotic Front]] (RPF) n'omukulembeze waakyo [[Paul Kagame]] obutasalako okuva olutalo lw'omunda lwe lwaggwa mu 1994. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stroh |first=Alexander |date=2010 |title=Electoral rules of the authoritarian game: undemocratic effects of proportional representation in Rwanda |journal=Journal of Eastern African Studies |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=1–19 |doi=10.1080/17531050903550066 |s2cid=154910536}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Matfess |first=Hilary |date=2015 |title=Rwanda and Ethiopia: Developmental Authoritarianism and the New Politics of African Strong Men |journal=African Studies Review |volume=58 |issue=2 |pages=181–204 |doi=10.1017/asr.2015.43 |s2cid=143013060 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga Rwanda mu linnya ya demokulasiya, okulonda kukozesebwa mu ngeri ez’enjawulo, omuli okuwera ebibiina ebivuganya gavumenti, okukwata oba okutta abavumirira, n’[[okufera mu kulonda]]. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Waldorf |first=Lars |date=2017 |title=Warlord Democrats in Africa: Ex-Military Leaders and Electoral Politics |url=http://files.webb.uu.se/uploader/1576/Warlord-Democrats-in-Africa.pdf#page=79 |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic / [[Nordic Africa Institute]] |isbn=978-1-78360-248-3 |editor-last=Themnér |editor-first=Anders |chapter=The Apotheosis of a Warlord: Paul Kagame |access-date=27 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231127084243/http://files.webb.uu.se/uploader/1576/Warlord-Democrats-in-Africa.pdf#page=79 |archive-date=27 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> RPF kibiina ekifugibwa [[Tutsi|Abatutsi]] kyokka nga nakyo kifuna obuwagizi okuva mu bitundu ebirala. Ssemateeka ono yayisibwa oluvannyuma lw’akalulu k’eggwanga mu 2003, n’adda mu kifo kya ssemateeka ow’enkyukakyuka eyaliwo okuva mu 1994. Ssemateeka awa obuyinza enkola y'okuba n'ebibiina ebyenjawulo, ng’ebyobufuzi byesigamiziddwa ku demokulasiya n’okulonda. Kyokka ssemateeka assaawo obukwakkulizo ku ngeri ebibiina by’obufuzi gye biyinza okukolamu. Ennyingo 54 egamba nti "ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi bikugirwa okwesigama ku mawanga g'abantu, olubu lw'eggwanga, olulimi, ekika, ekitundu, ekikula ky'omuntu, eddiini oba enjawukana endala yonna eyinza okuvaako okusosola". [[Pulezidenti wa Rwanda]] ye [[mukulembeze w’eggwanga]], era alina obuyinza obugazi omuli okutondawo enkola ng’ali wamu ne [[Kabineti ya Rwanda]], okuduumira [[eggye lya Rwanda]], okuteesa n’okukakasa endagaano, okussa omukono ku biragiro bya pulezidenti, n’okulangirira olutalo oba embeera ey’akabenje. Pulezidenti alondebwa buli luvannyuma lwa myaka etaano, era n’alonda [[ssaabaminisita]] n’ababaka abalala bonna mu kabineti. [[Palamenti]] erimu ebisenge bibiri . Ekola amateeka era ssemateeka agiwa obuyinza okulabirira emirimu gya pulezidenti ne Kabineti. Olukiiko olwa wansi lwe [[Chamber of Deputies (Rwanda)|lukiiko lw’ababaka]], olulimu bammemba 80 abakola ebisanja by’emyaka etaano. Ebifo 24 ku bino biterekebwa abakyala, nga balondebwa nga bayita mu lukiiko olw’awamu olw’abakungu ba gavumenti ez’ebitundu; ebifo ebirala bisatu biterekebwa bammemba abato n’abalema; abasigadde 53 balondebwa mu [[ddembe ly’okulonda erya bonna]] wansi w’enkola y’okukiikirira [[abantu mu kugeraageranya]]. Enkola y'amateeka mu Rwanda okusinga yeesigamiziddwa ku nkola [[Civil law (legal system)|y'amateeka g'obwannannyini]] aga [[Law of Germany|Girimaani]] ne [[Law of Belgium|Bubirigi]] [[Customary law|n'amateeka g'ennono]]. Ekitongole ekiramuzi kyetongodde ku kitongole ekifuzi, wadde nga pulezidenti ne Senate beenyigira mu kulonda abalamuzi ba kkooti ey’oku ntikko. Ekitongole kya Human Rights Watch kitenderezza gavumenti ya Rwanda olw’enkulaakulana ekoleddwa mu kuwa obwenkanya omuli n’okuggyawo ekibonerezo ky’okufa, kyokka era kirumiriza okuyingirira enkola y’ekiramuzi abakiise ba gavumenti, gamba ng’okulonda abalamuzi olw’ebyobufuzi, okukozesa obubi obuyinza bw’okuwaaba, n’okunyigiriza abalamuzi okusalawo mu ngeri ey’enjawulo. Ssemateeka alaga ebika bya kkooti bibiri: ebya bulijjo n’eby’enjawulo. Kkooti eza bulijjo ze [[Kkooti Ensukkulumu]], [[High Court of Rwanda|Kkooti Enkulu]], ne kkooti z’ebitundu, ate kkooti ez’enjawulo ze kkooti z’amagye n’enkola ya kkooti z’ebyobusuubuzi eyatondebwawo mu 2011 okwanguya emisango gy’ebyobusuubuzi. Wakati wa 2004 ne 2012, enkola ya [[Kkooti z’e Gacaca|kkooti z’e ''Gacaca'']] yali ekola. {{Lang|rw|Gacaca}} nga eno yali kkooti ey'ennono nga ekolera ku byalo, n'ebitundu yasobola okukuzibwa era n'etandika okukola ku emisango gyabaali bateeberezebwa okwenyigira mu kittabantu. KKooti yasobola okumalako n'ekyokuggyawo emisango egyali gyekuusa ku kittabantu egyali gisigadde emabega, kyokka ebibiina ebirwanirira eddembe ly’obuntu ne bivumirira nti tetuukana na mutindo gwa bwenkanya mu mateeka. Rwanda omuwendo gw'obuli bw'enguzi mutono bw’ogeraageranya n’amawanga ga Africa amalala agasinga obungi. Mu 2014, ekitongole kya [[Transparency International]] kyassa Rwanda mu kifo kyakutaano mu buyonjo mu mawanga 47 agali mu [[Sub-Saharan Africa]] ate mu kifo kya 55 mu buyonjo ku mawanga 175 mu nsi yonna. Ssemateeka eraga nti waliwo [[omuntu atalina ludda]], ng’emirimu gye mulimu okutangira n’okulwanyisa obuli bw’enguzi. Abakungu ba gavumenti (nga ne pulezidenti mw’omutwalidde) ssemateeka abeetaaza okwanjula eby'obugagga byabwe eri omuntu oyo alondebwa ssemateeka n’abantu bonna; abatagoberera mateeka bayimirizibwa ku ofiisi. Wadde nga kino kiri bwe kityo, ekitongole kya Human Rights Watch kyetegereza okunyigirizibwa okw’amaanyi omuobufuzi mu ggwanga lyonna, omuli okusibibwa mu ngeri emenya amateeka era mu ngeri etali nnambulukufu, okutiisatiisa , okubuzibwawo, okuwozesebwa olw’ebyobufuzi, n’okutta abantu baabulijjo ab'ekalakaasa mu mirembe.<ref name="Roth">{{Cite book |last=Roth |first=Kenneth |date=10 December 2019 |title=Rwanda Events of 2019 |url=https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2020/country-chapters/rwanda |publisher=Human Rights Watch |access-date=4 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414062456/https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2020/country-chapters/rwanda |archive-date=14 April 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Rwanda mmemba w'ekibiina [[Lisangá lya Bikólo bya Molɔ́ngɔ́|ky'amawanga amagatte]], [[African Union|omukago gwa Africa]], [[La Francophonie|Francophonie]], [[omukago gwa East Africa]], ne [[Commonwealth of Nations]]. Okumala emyaka mingi mu kiseera ky’obufuzi bwa Habyarimana, eggwanga lino lyakuuma enkolagana ey’oku lusegere ne Bufalansa, awamu ne Bubirigi, agaali amafuzi g'amatwale. Wabula mu gavumenti ya RPF, Rwanda ebadde enoonya enkolagana ey’oku lusegere n’amawanga ag’omuliraano mu mukago gwa East African Community n’amawanga agooogera Olungereza. Enkolagana y’abakungu ne Bufalansa yayimirizibwa mu 2006 oluvannyuma lw’abakungu ba Rwanda okuvunaanibwa omulamuzi wa Bufalansa, era wadde nga nkolagana yazzibwawo mu 2010, we bwatuukira mu 2015 enkolagana wakati w’amawanga gano ekyali mu kattu. Enkolagana ne [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] yali ya bunkenke oluvannyuma lwa Rwanda okwenyigira mu [[olutalo lwa Congo olwasooka]] n'olwokubiri; amagye ga Congo gaalumiriza Rwanda okulumba amagye gaabwe, ate Rwanda n’anenya gavumenti ya Congo olw’okulemererwa okunafuya abayeekera Abahutu mu masaza ga [[Bukiikakkono]] ne [[Bukiikaddyo bwa Kivu]]. Mu 2010, ekibiina ky’amawanga amagatte kyafulumya alipoota nga kirumiriza amagye ga Rwanda okutyoboola eddembe ly’obuntu n’ebikolobero ebityoboola eddembe ly’obuntu mu Democratic Republic of the Congo mu [[olutalo lw’e Congo olwasooka]] n’olwokubiri, emisango gavumenti ya Rwanda gye yeegaana. Enkolagana yeeyongera okukaluba mu 2012, Kinshasa bwe yalumiriza Rwanda okuwagira [[obuyeekera bwa M23]], obuyeekera mu buvanjuba bwa Congo. Mu 2015 emirembe gyali gizzeemu era enkolagana yali etereera, naye we bwatuukira mu Ogwolubereberye 2025 obuwagizi bwa Rwanda obuggya eri obujeemu bwa M23 bwaleetera DR Congo okusalako enkolagana y’abakungu oluvannyuma lw’[[okulumba Goma mu 2025]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 January 2025 |title=The Democratic Republic of the Congo cut off diplomatic ties with Rwanda on Sunday as the rebel group M23, believed to be backed by Kigali, closed in on the eastern city of Goma. |url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20250126-dr-congo-severs-ties-with-rwanda-as-m23-rebel-group-closes-in-on-goma |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126161142/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20250126-dr-congo-severs-ties-with-rwanda-as-m23-rebel-group-closes-in-on-goma |archive-date=26 January 2025 |access-date=29 January 2025 |work=[[France24]]}}</ref> Enkolagana ya Rwanda ne [[Uganda]] nayo yali ya bunkenke okumala ekitundu ekinene eky’emyaka gya 2000 oluvannyuma lw’okulwanagana okwaliwo mu 1999 wakati w’amagye g’amawanga gombi nga gawagira ebibinja by’abayeekera abaali bavuganya mu lutalo lw’e Congo olw’okubiri, kyokka n’etereera nnyo ku ntandikwa y’emyaka gya 2010. Mu 2019 enkolagana wakati w’amawanga gombi yeesala, Rwanda n’eggalawo ensalo zaayo eri Uganda. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Malingha |first=David |date=8 March 2019 |title=Why a Closed Border Has Uganda, Rwanda at Loggerheads |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-03-08/why-a-closed-border-has-uganda-rwanda-at-loggerheads-quicktake |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420234647/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-03-08/why-a-closed-border-has-uganda-rwanda-at-loggerheads-quicktake |archive-date=20 April 2019 |access-date=9 March 2020 |publisher=Bloomberg}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Butera |first=Saul |last2=Ojambo |first2=Fred |date=21 February 2020 |title=Uganda, Rwanda Hold Talks On Security Concerns, Reopening Border |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-02-21/uganda-rwanda-hold-talks-on-security-concerns-reopening-border |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306072656/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-02-21/uganda-rwanda-hold-talks-on-security-concerns-reopening-border |archive-date=6 March 2020 |access-date=9 March 2020 |publisher=Bloomberg}}</ref> Nga 25 Ogwolubereberye 2025, [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] yakutula enkolagana y’abakungu ne Rwanda olw’ebigambibwa nti yali ewagira [[ekibinja ky’abayeekera ekya M23]] ekikolera mu ggwanga lino. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Asiimwe |first=George |date=25 January 2025 |title=DRC Recalls Diplomats from Rwanda, Orders Kigali Embassy Closure Amid M23 Conflict |url=https://chimpreports.com/drc-recalls-diplomats-from-rwanda-orders-kigali-embassy-closure-amid-m23-conflict/ |access-date=9 December 2025 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2025 |title=DR Congo severs ties with Rwanda as M23 rebel group closes in on Goma |url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20250126-dr-congo-severs-ties-with-rwanda-as-m23-rebel-group-closes-in-on-goma |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126161142/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20250126-dr-congo-severs-ties-with-rwanda-as-m23-rebel-group-closes-in-on-goma |archive-date=26 January 2025 |access-date=9 December 2025 |website=France 24 |language=en}}</ref> == Amaje gaayo == Amagye g’eggwanga ge ga [[Rwandan Defence Force|Rwanda Defence Force]] (RDF), nga gano galimu amagye ga Rwanda ag’oku ttaka, [[eggye ly’omu bbanga erya Rwanda]], n’amatabi ag’enjawulo ag’obuweereza.<ref>{{Cite book |last=[[International Institute for Strategic Studies]] |year=2024 |title=The Military Balance 2024 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-032-78004-7 |pages=515–516}}</ref> RDF yatandikibwawo oluvannyuma lw’olutalo lw’omunda mu 1994 okuva mu nnyiriri z’eggye ly’abayeekera erya [[Rwandan Patriotic Front|Rwanda Patriotic Front]] (RPF), nga lidda mu bigere by’eyali gavumenti eya ''Forces Armées Rwandaises'' (FAR). Okwewandiisa mu RDF kwa kyeyagalire kwonna, era ku myaka egitakka wansi wa 18. Ensaasaanya y’amagye ekola ekitundu ekyeyoleka mu mbalirira y’eggwanga, nga kino kiraga ebyokwerinda by’eggwanga mu kitundu ebikola. Wadde nga Rwanda ntono nnyo, ekuuma emu ku magye agasinga okukola emirimu mu buvanjuba bwa Africa. Eggwanga lino lifuuse lye limu ku mawanga agasinga okuyamba abakozi mu bikwekweto [[by’ekibiina ky’Amawanga Amagatte eky’okukuuma emirembe]] mu nsi yonna, nga bulijjo liri mu mawanga asatu agasinga okuwaayo amagye ku mabbali ga Nepal ne Bangladesh.<ref>{{Cite web |last=United Nations Peacekeeping |date=30 April 2025 |title=Uniformed Personnel Contributing Countries by Ranking |url=https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/troop-and-police-contributors |access-date=19 June 2026 |website=un.org}}</ref> Ebibinja bya RDF n’ebitongole bya poliisi ebitondeddwawo biyiiriddwa nnyo mu mirimu gy’okutebenkeza abantu okwetoloola ssemazinga ono, okusinga wansi w’ekitongole ky’amawanga amagatte ekivunaanyizibwa ku kutebenkeza emirimu mu Central African Republic (MINUSCA) era nga emabegako kyali wansi w’ekikwekweto kya African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation mu Darfur (UNAMID).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Beswick |first=Danielle |date=2010 |title=Peacekeeping, dependency and sovereignty: Reflections on regional power and international intervention in Africa |journal=[[Review of African Political Economy]] |volume=37 |issue=126 |pages=437–451 |doi=10.1080/03056244.2010.530461 |doi-broken-date=12 July 2026}}</ref> Ng’oggyeeko ebiragiro by’ekibiina ky’Amawanga Amagatte eby’amawanga amangi, Rwanda etera okukozesa enkola z’amagye ez’amawanga gombi ezeetongodde okukola ku bizibu by’omu kitundu. Okuva mu July 2021, RDF ebadde ekuuma abantu bangi mu ssaza ly’e Cabo Delgado mu bukiikakkono bwa [[Mozambique]] okulwanyisa obuyeekera bw’Abasiraamu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shield |first=Ralph |date=2023 |title=Rwanda's War in Mozambique: Road-Testing a 'Kigali Principles' approach to counterinsurgency? |journal=[[Small Wars & Insurgencies]] |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=161–187 |doi=10.1080/09592318.2023.2260270 |doi-broken-date=12 July 2026}}</ref> Oluvanyuma lw’ekibiina kya Southern African Development Community Mission in Mozambique (SAMIM) okuva mu mwaka gwa 2024, emirimu gyabwe gyagaziwa nnyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hill |first=Matthew |date=28 May 2024 |title=Rwanda Deploys 2,000 More Troops to Gas-Rich Mozambique Region |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-05-28/rwanda-deploys-2-000-more-troops-to-gas-rich-mozambique-region |access-date=19 June 2026 |website=[[Bloomberg News]]}}</ref> As of 2026 , ebiwandiiko ebitongole okuva mu kitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku kusindika abayeekera byalaga nti abajaasi ba Rwanda n’abebyokwerinda abasoba mu 6,300 baali banyiikivu mu ssaza lino okunafuya obusobozi bw’abayeekera n’okukuuma ebikozesebwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 June 2026 |title=Cabo Delgado: Government Says Rwandan Presence "Provides Time to Reorganise National Forces" |url=https://360mozambique.com/development/cabo-delgado-government-says-rwandan-presence-provides-time-to-reorganise-national-forces/ |access-date=19 June 2026 |website=360 Mozambique}}</ref> Mu ggwanga, RDF etegekeddwa nnyo mu pulojekiti z'enkulaakulana y'abantu baabulijjo, ng'eyiwa bayinginiya b'amagye, abakozi b'ebyobujjanjabi, n'ebitongole ebitambuza ebintu okuzimba ebizimbe bya gavumenti n'amasomero mu kampeyini y'okubunyisa amawulire buli mwaka emanyiddwa nga "RDF Citizen Production Army". == Enjawukana mu by’obufuzi == Rwanda bwe yali tennaba kufugibwa mawanga g’obugwanjuba ag'abafuzi b'amatwale, enkola ya gavumenti yalina enkola eringa ey’ebyobufuzi ebyetooloolera ku bibiina ebingi n’okugabana obuyinza. Wadde nga waaliwo ensengeka enkakali, enkola eyasooka nga abafuzi b'amatwale tebannatuuka yali ekwataganya eya "obuyinza obwa gavumenti y'awakati n'ebitundu ebirina obwetwaze ebisaasaanyiziddwa." Ku mulembe gwa bakabaka, Omutaka eyalondebwa yafuga essaza eryali lyawuddwamu disitulikiti eziwera. Abakungu abalala babiri abaalondebwa head Chief nga be bafuga disitulikiti; omukungu omu yaweebwa obuyinza ku ttaka ate omulala n’alabirira ente. [[Kabaka]] ( {{Lang|rw|mwami}} ) yafuga nga bayita mu nkola y’amasaza, disitulikiti, obusozi, n’emiriraano. Okuva mu 2003, ssemateeka yagabanya Rwanda mu [[masaza]] ( {{Lang|rw|intara}} ), [[amagombolola]] ( {{Lang|rw|uturere}} ), ebibuga, munisipaali, ebibuga, ebisaawe ( {{Lang|rw|imirenge}} ), n’ebyalo ( {{Lang|rw|imidugudu}} ); ebitundu ebinene, n’ensalo zaabyo, biteekebwawo Palamenti. Mu Gwolubereberye 2006, Rwanda yaddamu okutegekebwa era amasaza kkuminaabiri ne gagattibwa ne gakola ataano, ate disitulikiti 106 ne zigattibwa ne zifuuka amakumi asatu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gwillim Law |date=27 April 2010 |title=Rwanda Districts |url=http://www.statoids.com/yrw.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821085718/http://www.statoids.com/yrw.html |archive-date=21 August 2020 |access-date=10 October 2022 |website=www.statoids.com}}</ref> Ensalo eziriwo kati ezaakubwa mu 2006 zaali zigendereddwamu okugabanya obuyinza n’okuggyawo enkolagana n’enkola enkadde n’ekittabantu. Ensengeka eyasooka ey’amasaza ekkuminaabiri agakwatagana n’ebibuga ebisinga obunene yakyusibwa n’efuulibwa amasaza ataano nga okusinga geesigamiziddwa ku nkula y’ensi. Gano mulimu [[essaza ly'obukiikakkono]], [[Essaza ly'obukikaddyo]], [[Essaza ly'obuvanjuba]], [[Essaza ly'obugwanjuba]], ne Munisipaali y'e Kigali mu makkati. [[Category:Ensi za Afirika]] matcxbgc2569gjw391fwfj2phtobxi7 66860 66859 2026-08-05T20:28:51Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added new paragraph 66860 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Country||image_flag=Flag of Rwanda.svg}}'''Rwanda''', nga mu mateeka eyitibwa Republic of Rwanda, ggwanga eritalina mwalo guva ku nnyanja nnene mu [[buvanjuba bwa Afirika]].[a][b] Ekifo kino kisangibwa mu nsozi mu bugwanjuba n'ebisolo ne saavannah bukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba. Ennyanja ezisinga obunene n'okwetegerezebwa ennyo zisangibwa mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba n'ebukiikakkono w'eggwanga, ate ensozi eziwandula omuliro ezikola olujegere lwa [[Virunga]] nga okusingira ddala ziri mu bukiikakkono bwa bugwanjuba. Embeera y'obudde etwalibwa ng'ey'ensozi, ng'erimu sizoni bbiri ez'enkuba n'endala bbiri ez'ekyeya buli mwaka. Ekibuga kyayo ekikulu era nga ky'ekibuga ekisinga obunene, ye [[Kigali]], ekiri mu masekkati g'eggwanga, ku [[mmita]] 1,567 waggulu w'obuwanvu bw'ennyanja. Rwanda esangibwa mu bukiikaddyo bwa Equator mu Great Rift Valley ey'o[[Buvanjuba bwa Afirika]]. Rwanda erina ensalo ne [[Uganda]] mu bukiikakkono bwayo, [[Tanzania]] mu buvanjuba, [[Burundi]] mu bukiikaddyo, ne [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] mu bugwanjuba. Nga erina abantu abasoba mu bukadde 14 ababeera mu kitundu kya 26,338 square kilometers (10,169 sq mi), nga etaka kwe bali lirimu ebitundu by'ettaka eriweza ebitundu nga 93.7%, Rwanda y'ensi ey'omulundi ogwa 21 mu nsi yonna, erina abantu nga 578 buli square kilometers (1,500 buli square mayiro). [[Abayizin'abalonzi b'emmere y'okuttale]] baasenga mu kitundu mu biseera by'amayinja n'eby'ekyuma (Stone and Iron Ages), oluvannyuma Abantu b'olyubu lw'abantu oluyitibwa Bantu ne bagoberera. Abantu baasooka kwegatta mu [[Clans of Rwanda|bika]], ate oluvannyuma ne bafuuka obwakabaka. Mu kyasa eky'ekkuminettaano, obwakabaka obumu, wansi wa [[Kabaka Gihanga]], bwasobola okugatta ebitundu ebiriraanyeewo ebingi ne butandikawo [[Obwakabaka bwa Rwanda]]. Obwakabaka bwa Rwanda bwafuga okuva mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'ekkumi n'omunaana, nga bakabaka baayo ab'ekika kya Tutsi bawangula abalala mu by'amagye, okuteekawo obuyinza obwenkomeredde, n'okussa mu nkola enkola ez'obumu. Mu 1897, [[Girimane|Germany]] yawamba Rwanda neefuuka ekitundu kyayo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ekya [[German East Africa]], n'oluvannyuma ne kuddako [[Bubirigi|Belgium]], eyafuna obuyinza mu 1916 mu kiseera kya [[Ssematalo|Ssematalo I]]. Amawanga ga Bulaaya gano gombi gaafuga eggwanga lino okuyita mu kabaka wa Rwanda era ne gatambulira ku nkola y'okuwagira Abatuusi. Abantu b'e Hutu baajeemera gavumenti mu 1959, era ne Batta Abatuusi bangi era mu nkomerero ne batandikawo ekitundu ekyali kyetwala, nga kisingamu Abahutu mu 1962 nga bakulemberwa Pulezidenti [[Grégoire Kayibanda]]. Mu 1973 Kayibanda yaggyibwa mu buyinza era Juvénal Habyarimana n'atandika okufuga, era n'asigala ng'ali wamu n'Abahutu. Ekibiina kya Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) ekikulemberwa Tutsi kyatandika [[Rwandan Civil War|olutalo olw'omunda]] mu 1990. Habyarimana [[Assassination of Juvénal Habyarimana and Cyprien Ntaryamira|yattibwa]] mu Gwokuna 1994 ebibiina ebitaamanyibwa. Obukuubagano bw'abantu bwabalukawo mu lutalo lw'e Rwanda olwakolebwa bannalukalala ba Hutu Power eri Abatuusi. RPF yakomya okutta abantu n'obuwanguzi mu Gwomusanvu 1994. Rwanda ezze efugibwa RPF ng'eggwanga ery'ekibiina ekiri mu mateeka ekimu okuva mu 1994 ng'omukulembeze w'eggwanga [[Paul Kagame]] ye pulezidenti okuva mu 2000. Eggwanga lizzew lifugibwa gavumenti ez'obuyinza okuva mu biseera byabafuzi b'amatwal. Newankubadde nga Rwanda erina omuwendo mutono ogw'[[obuli bw'enguzi]] bw'ogugeraageranya n'amawanga ag'omuliraano, y'emu ku nsi ezisinga obutono mu kunoonyereza kw'ensi yonna okw'obwenkanya bwa gavumenti n'eddembe ly'abantu, wadde ng'ebituukiddwako gye buvuddeko wabaddewo bisituddeeggwanga lino okutuukua mu ttuluba ly'awakati ku Human Development Index. Abantu baayo bakyali bato ate nga basinga kubeera mu byalo; Rwanda y'emu ku bantu abasembayo obuto mu nsi yonna. Abantu b'omu Rwanda bava mu kibiina kimu kyokka eky'obuwangwa n'olulimi, [[Banyarwanda]]. Wabula, mu kibinja kino mulimu ebibinja bisatu: [[Aba-Hutu]], Aba-Tutsi, n'Aba-[[Twa]]. Twa babeera mu kibira mu Central Africa era batera okutwalibwa ng'abazzukulu b'abantu abaasooka mu Rwanda. Obukulistaayo ye ddiini esinga obunene mu ggwanga; olulimi olusinga okwogerwa abantu b'omu Rwanda, ng'[[Olungereza]], [[Olufalansa]], n'[[Oluswayiri]] bye bimu ku nnimi ez'obwannannyini. Ebyenfuna bya Rwanda byesigamiziddwa ku mpeereza, ebyobulimi okutunda ebweru w’eggwanga, n’amakolero. Kaawa n'amajaani bye [[birime ebikulu eby’ensimbi]] by’efulumya ebweru w’eggwanga, wadde nga bisukka mu kukola amatooke. Ekisaawe ky' [[Eby’obulambuzi]] kikula mangu era kati kye kisinga okuyingiza ssente z’ebweru mu ggwanga. Okunoonyereza okwasembyeyo mu 2024, abantu 30.5% baakosebwa [[obwavu obw’enjawulo]] nga 27.4% bali wansi w’oluoimiro lw’obwavu mu ggwanga. Eggwanga lino liri mu mukago gwa [[African Union]], [[Lisangá lya Bikólo bya Molɔ́ngɔ́|United Nations]], [[Commonwealth of Nations]] (emu ku ba mmemba abatono abatalina kakwate ka byafaayo na [[British Empire|bwakabaka bwa Bungereza]] ), [[Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa|COMESA]], [[Organisation internationale de la Francophonie|OIF]], n'omukago gwa [[East African Community]] . == Ensibuko y’erinnya (Etymology). == Erinnya ''Rwanda'' liva mu kigambo Ku-aanda, ekitegeeza "okugaziwa" oba "okusaasaana okuva mu makkati", ekiraga okukula kw'ebyafaayo kw'[[Obwakabaka bwa Rwanda]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Land of Violence, A Land of Conquest: Memory, Truth, Historical Continuity, and Imperialism in Rwanda {{!}} Journal of Public and International Affairs |url=https://jpia.princeton.edu/news/land-violence-land-conquest-memory-truth-historical-continuity-and-imperialism-rwanda |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251004114443/https://jpia.princeton.edu/news/land-violence-land-conquest-memory-truth-historical-continuity-and-imperialism-rwanda |archive-date=4 October 2025 |access-date=10 October 2025 |website=jpia.princeton.edu |language=en}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo by'alyo == Okusenga kw’abantu okw’omulembe guno mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Rwanda kwava, mu kiseera ekyasembayo, mu [[budde ky’omuzira ng'eggwako]], ku biseera ebibiri, ekiseera kya [[Neolithic]] nga 8,000 BC, oba mu kiseera ekiwanvu ekya [[humid]] ekyaddirira, okutuuka nga 3,000 BC. Okusima eby’edda kwazuula obujulizi nti [[abayizzi era abakunganya]] b'emmere y'okuttale tebaabeerangawo nnyo mu kiseera kya [[Stone Age]] ekyasembayo, wabula ate ekyo kyaddirirwa omuwendo omunene ogw’abasenze abaasooka mu gw'okusaanuusa ebyuma oba [[Iron Age]], abaakolanga [[ensuwa]] ezirimu ebinnya n’ebikozesebwa eby'ebyuma. Abatuuze bano abaasooka be baali bajjajja b’aba [[Twa]], [[abayizzi era abakunganya]] b'emmere y'okuttale [[abambuti]] ab’enjawulo abaasigala mu Rwanda ne leero. Olwo mu mwaka gwa 3,000 BC, abalimi n’abalunzi b’amasekkati [[ga Sudanic]] ne [[Kuliak]] baatandika okusenga mu Rwanda, ne baddirirwa abalunzi aboogera [[olulimi Olucushitic]] mu 2,000 BC.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Schoenbrun |first=David L. |year=1993 |title=We Are What We Eat: Ancient Agriculture between the Great Lakes |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=15–16 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700032989 |jstor=183030 |s2cid=162660041}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Taylor |first=Christopher C. |date=13 September 2020 |title=Sacrifice as Terror: The Rwandan Genocide of 1994 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qHf8DwAAQBAJ |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-000-18448-8 |pages=63–65 |access-date=2 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250404221104/https://books.google.com/books?id=qHf8DwAAQBAJ |archive-date=4 April 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> Aba Twa ababeera mu bibira baafiirwa ekitundu ekinene eky’ebifo mwe baabeeranga ne basenguka ne bagenda ku nsozi. Wakati wa 800 BC ne 1500 AD, ebibinja [[by’Ababantu]] ebiwerako byasenguka ne biyingira e Rwanda, nga bitema ettaka ly’ebibira okulima. Bannabyafaayo balina endowooza eziwerako ku ngeri y’okusenguka kw’Ababantu; endowooza emu eri nti abaasooka okusenga baali [[Bahutu]], ate oluvannyuma [[Abatutsi]] ne basenguka ne bakola ekibinja ky’amawanga ag’enjawulo, nga kiyinzika okuba nga baava mu Nilo-hamitic. Endowooza endala eri nti okusenguka kwali kwa mpola era nga kunywevu, ng’ebibinja ebiyingira byegatta mu kifo ky’okuwangula abantu abaaliwo.Mu ndowooza eno, enjawulo y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi yavaayo oluvannyuma era yali njawulo ya kibiina okusinga ey’amawanga. Engeri eyasooka ey’enkwatagana y'abantu mu kitundu ekyo yali ya kika ( ''ubwoko'' ). Ebika tebyakoma ku nnyiriri z’abuzaale oba ekitundu kyokka, era ebisinga byalimu Abahutu, Abatutsi, n’Abatwa. Okuva mu kyasa eky’ekkuminettaano, ebika byatandika okwegatta ne bifuuka obwakabaka. Obwakabaka obumu, nga bufugibwa Kabaka Gihanga, bwasobola okuyingiza ebitundu ebiwerako eby’omuliraano gwabwo ogw’okumpi ne butandikawo [[Obwakabaka bwa Rwanda]]. Mu mwaka gwa 1700, obwakabaka nga bwa mirundi munaana bwe bwali bubaddewo mu Rwanda ya leero. Obumu ku buno nga bwe bwa, [[Obwakabaka bwa Rwanda]] obwali bufugibwa ekika ky’Abatutsi [[Nyiginya]], bweyongera okufuga okuva mu makkati g’ekyasa eky’ekkuminoomunaana. Obwakabaka bwatuuka ku ntikko mu kyasa eky'ekkuminoomwenda ku mulembe gwa Ssekabaka [[Kigeli Rwabugiri]] . Rwabugiri yawangula amawanga amatonotono agawerako, n’agaziya obwakabaka okidda mu Bugwanjuba n’obukiikakkono, era n’atandikawo ennongoosereza mu nfuga; mu bino {{Lang|rw|[[ubuhake]]}}, nga mu kino abawagizi b’Abatutsi baawaayo ente, n’olwekyo n’enkizo, eri bakasitoma b’Abahutu oba Abatutsi nga bawaanyisiganya obuweereza obw’ebyenfuna n’obw’obuntu, ne {{Lang|rw|uburetwa}}, enkola ya [[corvée]] ng’Abahutu bawalirizibwa okukolera abaami b’Abatutsi. Enkyukakyuka za Rwabugiri zaavaako enjawukana okweyongera wakati w’Abahutu n’Abatutsi. Aba Twa baali bulungi okusinga mu biseera nga Obwakabaka tebunnabaawo, ng’abamu bafuuka abazinyi mu lubiri lw’obwakabaka, naye omuwendo gwabwe gweyongera okukendeera. [[Olukungaana lwa Berlin|Olukungaana lw'e Berlin]] olwatuula u 1884 lwagaba ekitundu kino eri [[Obwakabaka bwa Girimaani]], obwalangirira nti kitundu kya [[Bugirimaani ey'obuvanjuba bwa Afrika]] . Mu 1894, omuvumbuzi [[Gustav Adolf von Götzen]] ye Muzungu eyasooka okutambula ekitundu kya Rwanda kyonna, nga ono yasomoka okuva ebukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba okutuuka ku nnyanja Kivu n’asisinkana kabaka. Mu 1897, Girimaani yatandika okubeerawo mu Rwanda bwe yakola omukago ne kabaka, n’etandika omulembe gw’amatwale.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Carney |first=J.J. |year=2013 |title=Rwanda Before the Genocide: Catholic Politics and Ethnic Discourse in the Late Colonial Era |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lKFpAgAAQBAJ |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-998228-8 |page=24 |access-date=25 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701074114/https://books.google.com/books?id=lKFpAgAAQBAJ |archive-date=1 July 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Abagirimaani tebaakyusa nnyo nsengeka y’embeera z’abantu mu ggwanga, wabula nga bawagira kabaka n’abakulu abaaliwo, era nga bakwasa abaami b’ebitundu obuyinza.<ref>See also Helmut Strizek, "Geschenkte Kolonien: Ruanda und Burundi unter deutscher Herrschaft", Berlin: Ch.</ref> Amagye ga [[Bubirigi|Belgium]] gaalumba Rwanda ne [[Burundi]] mu 1916, mu kiseera kya [[Ssematalo|Ssematalo I]], era oluvannyuma, mu 1922, gaatandika okufuga Rwanda ne Burundi ng’ekiragiro kya [[League of Nations]] ekyayitibwa [[Ruanda-Urundi]] era ne gatandika ekiseera eky’obufuzi bw’amatwale obutereevu. Ababirigi baayanguya era ne bassa obuyinza mu mikono gya gavumenti, ne baleeta pulojekiti ennene mu byenjigiriza, ebyobulamu, emirimu gya gavumenti, n’okulondoola eby’obulimi, omuli ebirime ebipya n’okulongoosa obukodyo bw’ebyobulimi okugezaako okukendeeza ku njala. Abagirimaani n’Ababirigi, oluvannyuma lw’obufuzi bwa [[New Imperialism]], baatumbula obukulu bw’Abatutsi, nga balowooza nti Abahutu n’Abatutsi [[ab’amawanga]] ag’enjawulo. Mu 1935, Bubirigi yaleeta enkola ya ndagamuntu, eyalaganga buli muntu kye yali oba Mututsi, Muhutu, Mutwa oba Abasenze. Wadde nga emabegako kyali kisoboka Abahutu naddala abagagga okufuuka Abatutsi ab’ekitiibwa, densite zaalemesa okwongera okutambula wakati w’amadaala. Bubirigi yagenda mu maaso n'okufuga [[Ruanda-Urundi]] (Rwanda gye yakola ekitundu eky'obukiikakkono) ng'ekitundu ky'ekibiina ky'Amawanga Amagatte eky'obwesige oluvannyuma lwa [[Ssematalo II]], ng'erina obuyinza okulabirira [[obwetwaze]] obwabanga butuuse okufunibwa. Okusika omuguwa kweyongera wakati w’Abatutsi, abaali baagala okwefuga nga bukyali, n’ekibiina ky’Abahutu eky’okuwa abantu eddembe, ekyavaamu e [[Nkyukakyuka ya Rwanda]] mu 1959 : Abahutu baatandika okutta Abatutsi n’okusaanyaawo amayumba gaabwe, ne bawaliriza abantu abasoba mu 100,000 okunoonya obubudamu mu mawanga ag’omuliraano. Mu 1961, Ababirigi abaali bawagira Abahutu mu bwangu baakola [[akalulu k’ekikungo]] eggwanga mwe lyakuba akalulu okuggyawo obwakabaka. Rwanda yayawulwa ku Burundi n’efuna obwetwaze nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1962, olujjukirwa ng’olunaku lw’ameefuga, mu ggwanga.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Karuhanga |first=James |date=30 June 2018 |title=Independence Day: Did Rwanda really gain independence on July 1, 1962? |url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/independence-day-did-rwanda-really-gain-independence-july-1-1962 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630010535/http://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/independence-day-did-rwanda-really-gain-independence-july-1-1962 |archive-date=30 June 2018 |access-date=1 July 2018 |work=[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]]}}</ref> Okuyiwa omusaayi kweyongera nga mu buwanganguse abayeekera Abatutsi baalumba okuva mu mawanga ag’omuliraano ate gavumenti eyakulemberwa Abahutu n’eddamu okwesasuza n’okutta n’okunyigiriza abantu baabulijjo Abatutsi munda mu Rwanda. Mu 1973, [[Juvénal Habyarimana]] yakwata obuyinza nga ayita mu [[kuwamba gavumenti wamu n'amagye]]. Okusosola kw’Abahutu kwagenda mu maaso, naye waaliwo okukulaakulana okw’amaanyi mu by’enfuna era n’obutabanguko obwali bukendedde ku Batutsi. Aba Twa baasigala nga basuuliddwa ku mabbali, era mu 1990 we gwatuukira kumpi gavumenti yabawalirizibwa okuva mu bibira; bangi baafuuka basabiriza. Omuwendo gw’abantu mu Rwanda gwali gweyongedde okuva ku bantu akakadde 1.6 mu 1934 okutuuka ku bantu obukadde 7.1 mu 1989, ekyavaako okuvuganya ku ttaka. Mu 1990, ekibinja ky’abayeekera ekya [[Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF)]], ekyalimu ababundabunda aba Tutsi, kyalumba obukiikakkono bwa Rwanda nga basinziira mu nkambi yaabwe mu Uganda, ne kitandikawo [[olutalo lw’omunda mu Rwanda]] . Ekibiina kino kyavumirira gavumenti eyali efugibwa Abahutu olw’okulemererwa okuteekawo demokulasiya n’okutunuulira ebizibu ababundabunda bano bye baalina. Tewali ludda lwonna lwasobola kufuna nkizo ya maanyi mu lutalo, naye mu 1992 lwali lunafuyizza obuyinza bwa Habyarimana; okwekalakasa kw’abantu abangi kwamuwaliriza okukola omukago n’oludda oluvuganya mu ggwanga era okukkakkana ng’atadde omukono ku [[ndagaano za Arusha]] eza 1993 ne RPF. == Ekittabantu e Rwanda == Okussa wansi eby'okulwanyisa kwaggwawo nga 6 Ogwokuna 1994 ennyonyi ya Habyarimana bwe yakubwa okumpi n’ekisaawe ky’ennyonyi e Kigali, n’afa. Okukuba ennyonyi eno amasasi kwakola ng’ekyavaako ekittabantu e Rwanda, ekyatandika mu ssaawa ntono okuva awo. Mu nnaku nga 100, wakati w’abantu 500,000 ne 1,000,000 Abatutsi n’Abahutu ab’ekigero mu byobufuzi battibwa mu bulumbaganyi obwali butegekeddwa obulungi ku biragiro bya gavumenti ey’ekiseera. Abatwa bangi nabo battibwa, wadde nga baali tebagendereddwa butereevu. Aba Tutsi mu RPF baddamu okulumba, era ne batwala obuyinza ku ggwanga mu nkola, ne bafuna obuyinza ku ggwanga lyonna mu makkati g'Ogwomusanvu. Engeri ensi yonna gye yakwatamu ekittabantu kino yali si y'amaanyi, ng’amawanga ag'amaanyi tegaayagala kwongera ggye ly'amawanga magatte amaanyi ng'ate lyali lirina maanyi agamala. RPF bwe yakwata obuyinza, Abahutu nga obukadde bubiri [[baddukira mu mawanga ag’omuliraano]], naddala [[Zaïre]], nga batya okwesasuza; okugatta ku ekyo, eggye eryakulemberwa RPF lyali lya maanyi nnyo mu [[lutalo lw'e Congo olwasooka]] n'[[olwokubiri]] . Munda mu Rwanda, ekiseera ky’okutabagana n’obwenkanya kyatandika, nga watandikibwawo [[kkooti y’ensi yonna evunaanyizibwa ku buzzi bw’emisango mu Rwanda]] (ICTR) n’okuddamu okuyingiza {{Lang|rw|[[Gacaca]]}}, enkola ya kkooti y’ebyalo ey’ennono. Okuva mu mwaka gwa 2000 ebyenfuna bya Rwanda, omuwendo gw'abalambuzi, [[n’omuwendo gw’enkulaakulana y’abantu]] byakula mangu; wakati wa 2006 ne 2011 obwavu bwakendeera okuva ku bitundu 57% okutuuka ku bitundu 45%, ate [[ng’emyaka omuntu gyasuubirwa okubeera ku nsi]] gyalinnya okuva ku myaka 46.6 mu 2000 okutuuka ku myaka 65.4 mu 2021. Mu kaweefube w’okutumbula obumu bw’eggwanga n’okutabagana, bendera empya eya Rwanda n’oluyimba lw’eggwanga byatongozebwa ku nkomerero ya 2001, ne biggyawo enjawulo ez’amawanga ez’olwatu mu ndagamuntu y’eggwanga entongole == Ebyobufuzi ne gavumenti == Rwanda [[ggwanga lya kibiina kimu]] ''[[mu butongole]]'' <ref name="Yale University Press">{{Cite book |last=Thomson |first=Susan |author-link=Susan Thomson |date=2018 |title=Rwanda: From Genocide to Precarious Peace |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RbxODwAAQBAJ&q=one-party+state |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-23591-3 |page=185 |access-date=11 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231022072324/https://books.google.com/books?id=RbxODwAAQBAJ&q=one-party+state |archive-date=22 October 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref name="The Conversation">{{Cite news |last=Sebarenzi |first=Joseph |last2=Twagiramungu |first2=Noel |date=8 April 2019 |title=Rwanda's economic growth could be derailed by its autocratic regime |url=https://theconversation.com/rwandas-economic-growth-could-be-derailed-by-its-autocratic-regime-114649 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905203956/https://theconversation.com/rwandas-economic-growth-could-be-derailed-by-its-autocratic-regime-114649 |archive-date=5 September 2023 |access-date=5 September 2023 |work=The Conversation}}</ref> <ref name="Handbook of Restorative Justice">{{Cite book |last=Waldorf |first=Lars |date=2005 |title=Handbook of Restorative Justice |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-203-34682-2 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=jGV_AgAAQBAJ&pg=PT619?] |chapter=Rwanda's failing experiment in restorative justice}}</ref> <ref name="TWQ">{{Cite journal |last=Beswick |first=Danielle |date=2011 |title=Aiding State Building and Sacrificing Peace Building? The Rwanda–UK relationship 1994–2011 |journal=Third World Quarterly |volume=32 |issue=10 |pages=1911–1930 |doi=10.1080/01436597.2011.610593 |issn=0143-6597 |s2cid=153404360}}</ref> <ref name="University of Chicago Press">{{harvnb|Bowman|2015|page=87}}</ref> <ref name="jstor.org">{{Cite journal |last=Reyntjens |first=Filip |date=2011 |title=Behind the Façade of Rwanda's Elections |journal=Georgetown Journal of International Affairs |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=64–69 |issn=1526-0054 |jstor=43133887}}</ref> erifugibwa ekibiina kya [[Rwanda Patriotic Front]] (RPF) n'omukulembeze waakyo [[Paul Kagame]] obutasalako okuva olutalo lw'omunda lwe lwaggwa mu 1994. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stroh |first=Alexander |date=2010 |title=Electoral rules of the authoritarian game: undemocratic effects of proportional representation in Rwanda |journal=Journal of Eastern African Studies |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=1–19 |doi=10.1080/17531050903550066 |s2cid=154910536}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Matfess |first=Hilary |date=2015 |title=Rwanda and Ethiopia: Developmental Authoritarianism and the New Politics of African Strong Men |journal=African Studies Review |volume=58 |issue=2 |pages=181–204 |doi=10.1017/asr.2015.43 |s2cid=143013060 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga Rwanda mu linnya ya demokulasiya, okulonda kukozesebwa mu ngeri ez’enjawulo, omuli okuwera ebibiina ebivuganya gavumenti, okukwata oba okutta abavumirira, n’[[okufera mu kulonda]]. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Waldorf |first=Lars |date=2017 |title=Warlord Democrats in Africa: Ex-Military Leaders and Electoral Politics |url=http://files.webb.uu.se/uploader/1576/Warlord-Democrats-in-Africa.pdf#page=79 |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic / [[Nordic Africa Institute]] |isbn=978-1-78360-248-3 |editor-last=Themnér |editor-first=Anders |chapter=The Apotheosis of a Warlord: Paul Kagame |access-date=27 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231127084243/http://files.webb.uu.se/uploader/1576/Warlord-Democrats-in-Africa.pdf#page=79 |archive-date=27 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> RPF kibiina ekifugibwa [[Tutsi|Abatutsi]] kyokka nga nakyo kifuna obuwagizi okuva mu bitundu ebirala. Ssemateeka ono yayisibwa oluvannyuma lw’akalulu k’eggwanga mu 2003, n’adda mu kifo kya ssemateeka ow’enkyukakyuka eyaliwo okuva mu 1994. Ssemateeka awa obuyinza enkola y'okuba n'ebibiina ebyenjawulo, ng’ebyobufuzi byesigamiziddwa ku demokulasiya n’okulonda. Kyokka ssemateeka assaawo obukwakkulizo ku ngeri ebibiina by’obufuzi gye biyinza okukolamu. Ennyingo 54 egamba nti "ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi bikugirwa okwesigama ku mawanga g'abantu, olubu lw'eggwanga, olulimi, ekika, ekitundu, ekikula ky'omuntu, eddiini oba enjawukana endala yonna eyinza okuvaako okusosola". [[Pulezidenti wa Rwanda]] ye [[mukulembeze w’eggwanga]], era alina obuyinza obugazi omuli okutondawo enkola ng’ali wamu ne [[Kabineti ya Rwanda]], okuduumira [[eggye lya Rwanda]], okuteesa n’okukakasa endagaano, okussa omukono ku biragiro bya pulezidenti, n’okulangirira olutalo oba embeera ey’akabenje. Pulezidenti alondebwa buli luvannyuma lwa myaka etaano, era n’alonda [[ssaabaminisita]] n’ababaka abalala bonna mu kabineti. [[Palamenti]] erimu ebisenge bibiri . Ekola amateeka era ssemateeka agiwa obuyinza okulabirira emirimu gya pulezidenti ne Kabineti. Olukiiko olwa wansi lwe [[Chamber of Deputies (Rwanda)|lukiiko lw’ababaka]], olulimu bammemba 80 abakola ebisanja by’emyaka etaano. Ebifo 24 ku bino biterekebwa abakyala, nga balondebwa nga bayita mu lukiiko olw’awamu olw’abakungu ba gavumenti ez’ebitundu; ebifo ebirala bisatu biterekebwa bammemba abato n’abalema; abasigadde 53 balondebwa mu [[ddembe ly’okulonda erya bonna]] wansi w’enkola y’okukiikirira [[abantu mu kugeraageranya]]. Enkola y'amateeka mu Rwanda okusinga yeesigamiziddwa ku nkola [[Civil law (legal system)|y'amateeka g'obwannannyini]] aga [[Law of Germany|Girimaani]] ne [[Law of Belgium|Bubirigi]] [[Customary law|n'amateeka g'ennono]]. Ekitongole ekiramuzi kyetongodde ku kitongole ekifuzi, wadde nga pulezidenti ne Senate beenyigira mu kulonda abalamuzi ba kkooti ey’oku ntikko. Ekitongole kya Human Rights Watch kitenderezza gavumenti ya Rwanda olw’enkulaakulana ekoleddwa mu kuwa obwenkanya omuli n’okuggyawo ekibonerezo ky’okufa, kyokka era kirumiriza okuyingirira enkola y’ekiramuzi abakiise ba gavumenti, gamba ng’okulonda abalamuzi olw’ebyobufuzi, okukozesa obubi obuyinza bw’okuwaaba, n’okunyigiriza abalamuzi okusalawo mu ngeri ey’enjawulo. Ssemateeka alaga ebika bya kkooti bibiri: ebya bulijjo n’eby’enjawulo. Kkooti eza bulijjo ze [[Kkooti Ensukkulumu]], [[High Court of Rwanda|Kkooti Enkulu]], ne kkooti z’ebitundu, ate kkooti ez’enjawulo ze kkooti z’amagye n’enkola ya kkooti z’ebyobusuubuzi eyatondebwawo mu 2011 okwanguya emisango gy’ebyobusuubuzi. Wakati wa 2004 ne 2012, enkola ya [[Kkooti z’e Gacaca|kkooti z’e ''Gacaca'']] yali ekola. {{Lang|rw|Gacaca}} nga eno yali kkooti ey'ennono nga ekolera ku byalo, n'ebitundu yasobola okukuzibwa era n'etandika okukola ku emisango gyabaali bateeberezebwa okwenyigira mu kittabantu. KKooti yasobola okumalako n'ekyokuggyawo emisango egyali gyekuusa ku kittabantu egyali gisigadde emabega, kyokka ebibiina ebirwanirira eddembe ly’obuntu ne bivumirira nti tetuukana na mutindo gwa bwenkanya mu mateeka. Rwanda omuwendo gw'obuli bw'enguzi mutono bw’ogeraageranya n’amawanga ga Africa amalala agasinga obungi. Mu 2014, ekitongole kya [[Transparency International]] kyassa Rwanda mu kifo kyakutaano mu buyonjo mu mawanga 47 agali mu [[Sub-Saharan Africa]] ate mu kifo kya 55 mu buyonjo ku mawanga 175 mu nsi yonna. Ssemateeka eraga nti waliwo [[omuntu atalina ludda]], ng’emirimu gye mulimu okutangira n’okulwanyisa obuli bw’enguzi. Abakungu ba gavumenti (nga ne pulezidenti mw’omutwalidde) ssemateeka abeetaaza okwanjula eby'obugagga byabwe eri omuntu oyo alondebwa ssemateeka n’abantu bonna; abatagoberera mateeka bayimirizibwa ku ofiisi. Wadde nga kino kiri bwe kityo, ekitongole kya Human Rights Watch kyetegereza okunyigirizibwa okw’amaanyi omuobufuzi mu ggwanga lyonna, omuli okusibibwa mu ngeri emenya amateeka era mu ngeri etali nnambulukufu, okutiisatiisa , okubuzibwawo, okuwozesebwa olw’ebyobufuzi, n’okutta abantu baabulijjo ab'ekalakaasa mu mirembe.<ref name="Roth">{{Cite book |last=Roth |first=Kenneth |date=10 December 2019 |title=Rwanda Events of 2019 |url=https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2020/country-chapters/rwanda |publisher=Human Rights Watch |access-date=4 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414062456/https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2020/country-chapters/rwanda |archive-date=14 April 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Rwanda mmemba w'ekibiina [[Lisangá lya Bikólo bya Molɔ́ngɔ́|ky'amawanga amagatte]], [[African Union|omukago gwa Africa]], [[La Francophonie|Francophonie]], [[omukago gwa East Africa]], ne [[Commonwealth of Nations]]. Okumala emyaka mingi mu kiseera ky’obufuzi bwa Habyarimana, eggwanga lino lyakuuma enkolagana ey’oku lusegere ne Bufalansa, awamu ne Bubirigi, agaali amafuzi g'amatwale. Wabula mu gavumenti ya RPF, Rwanda ebadde enoonya enkolagana ey’oku lusegere n’amawanga ag’omuliraano mu mukago gwa East African Community n’amawanga agooogera Olungereza. Enkolagana y’abakungu ne Bufalansa yayimirizibwa mu 2006 oluvannyuma lw’abakungu ba Rwanda okuvunaanibwa omulamuzi wa Bufalansa, era wadde nga nkolagana yazzibwawo mu 2010, we bwatuukira mu 2015 enkolagana wakati w’amawanga gano ekyali mu kattu. Enkolagana ne [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] yali ya bunkenke oluvannyuma lwa Rwanda okwenyigira mu [[olutalo lwa Congo olwasooka]] n'olwokubiri; amagye ga Congo gaalumiriza Rwanda okulumba amagye gaabwe, ate Rwanda n’anenya gavumenti ya Congo olw’okulemererwa okunafuya abayeekera Abahutu mu masaza ga [[Bukiikakkono]] ne [[Bukiikaddyo bwa Kivu]]. Mu 2010, ekibiina ky’amawanga amagatte kyafulumya alipoota nga kirumiriza amagye ga Rwanda okutyoboola eddembe ly’obuntu n’ebikolobero ebityoboola eddembe ly’obuntu mu Democratic Republic of the Congo mu [[olutalo lw’e Congo olwasooka]] n’olwokubiri, emisango gavumenti ya Rwanda gye yeegaana. Enkolagana yeeyongera okukaluba mu 2012, Kinshasa bwe yalumiriza Rwanda okuwagira [[obuyeekera bwa M23]], obuyeekera mu buvanjuba bwa Congo. Mu 2015 emirembe gyali gizzeemu era enkolagana yali etereera, naye we bwatuukira mu Ogwolubereberye 2025 obuwagizi bwa Rwanda obuggya eri obujeemu bwa M23 bwaleetera DR Congo okusalako enkolagana y’abakungu oluvannyuma lw’[[okulumba Goma mu 2025]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 January 2025 |title=The Democratic Republic of the Congo cut off diplomatic ties with Rwanda on Sunday as the rebel group M23, believed to be backed by Kigali, closed in on the eastern city of Goma. |url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20250126-dr-congo-severs-ties-with-rwanda-as-m23-rebel-group-closes-in-on-goma |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126161142/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20250126-dr-congo-severs-ties-with-rwanda-as-m23-rebel-group-closes-in-on-goma |archive-date=26 January 2025 |access-date=29 January 2025 |work=[[France24]]}}</ref> Enkolagana ya Rwanda ne [[Uganda]] nayo yali ya bunkenke okumala ekitundu ekinene eky’emyaka gya 2000 oluvannyuma lw’okulwanagana okwaliwo mu 1999 wakati w’amagye g’amawanga gombi nga gawagira ebibinja by’abayeekera abaali bavuganya mu lutalo lw’e Congo olw’okubiri, kyokka n’etereera nnyo ku ntandikwa y’emyaka gya 2010. Mu 2019 enkolagana wakati w’amawanga gombi yeesala, Rwanda n’eggalawo ensalo zaayo eri Uganda. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Malingha |first=David |date=8 March 2019 |title=Why a Closed Border Has Uganda, Rwanda at Loggerheads |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-03-08/why-a-closed-border-has-uganda-rwanda-at-loggerheads-quicktake |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420234647/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-03-08/why-a-closed-border-has-uganda-rwanda-at-loggerheads-quicktake |archive-date=20 April 2019 |access-date=9 March 2020 |publisher=Bloomberg}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Butera |first=Saul |last2=Ojambo |first2=Fred |date=21 February 2020 |title=Uganda, Rwanda Hold Talks On Security Concerns, Reopening Border |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-02-21/uganda-rwanda-hold-talks-on-security-concerns-reopening-border |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200306072656/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-02-21/uganda-rwanda-hold-talks-on-security-concerns-reopening-border |archive-date=6 March 2020 |access-date=9 March 2020 |publisher=Bloomberg}}</ref> Nga 25 Ogwolubereberye 2025, [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] yakutula enkolagana y’abakungu ne Rwanda olw’ebigambibwa nti yali ewagira [[ekibinja ky’abayeekera ekya M23]] ekikolera mu ggwanga lino. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Asiimwe |first=George |date=25 January 2025 |title=DRC Recalls Diplomats from Rwanda, Orders Kigali Embassy Closure Amid M23 Conflict |url=https://chimpreports.com/drc-recalls-diplomats-from-rwanda-orders-kigali-embassy-closure-amid-m23-conflict/ |access-date=9 December 2025 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2025 |title=DR Congo severs ties with Rwanda as M23 rebel group closes in on Goma |url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20250126-dr-congo-severs-ties-with-rwanda-as-m23-rebel-group-closes-in-on-goma |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250126161142/https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20250126-dr-congo-severs-ties-with-rwanda-as-m23-rebel-group-closes-in-on-goma |archive-date=26 January 2025 |access-date=9 December 2025 |website=France 24 |language=en}}</ref> == Amaje gaayo == Amagye g’eggwanga ge ga [[Rwandan Defence Force|Rwanda Defence Force]] (RDF), nga gano galimu amagye ga Rwanda ag’oku ttaka, [[eggye ly’omu bbanga erya Rwanda]], n’amatabi ag’enjawulo ag’obuweereza.<ref>{{Cite book |last=[[International Institute for Strategic Studies]] |year=2024 |title=The Military Balance 2024 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-032-78004-7 |pages=515–516}}</ref> RDF yatandikibwawo oluvannyuma lw’olutalo lw’omunda mu 1994 okuva mu nnyiriri z’eggye ly’abayeekera erya [[Rwandan Patriotic Front|Rwanda Patriotic Front]] (RPF), nga lidda mu bigere by’eyali gavumenti eya ''Forces Armées Rwandaises'' (FAR). Okwewandiisa mu RDF kwa kyeyagalire kwonna, era ku myaka egitakka wansi wa 18. Ensaasaanya y’amagye ekola ekitundu ekyeyoleka mu mbalirira y’eggwanga, nga kino kiraga ebyokwerinda by’eggwanga mu kitundu ebikola. Wadde nga Rwanda ntono nnyo, ekuuma emu ku magye agasinga okukola emirimu mu buvanjuba bwa Africa. Eggwanga lino lifuuse lye limu ku mawanga agasinga okuyamba abakozi mu bikwekweto [[by’ekibiina ky’Amawanga Amagatte eky’okukuuma emirembe]] mu nsi yonna, nga bulijjo liri mu mawanga asatu agasinga okuwaayo amagye ku mabbali ga Nepal ne Bangladesh.<ref>{{Cite web |last=United Nations Peacekeeping |date=30 April 2025 |title=Uniformed Personnel Contributing Countries by Ranking |url=https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/troop-and-police-contributors |access-date=19 June 2026 |website=un.org}}</ref> Ebibinja bya RDF n’ebitongole bya poliisi ebitondeddwawo biyiiriddwa nnyo mu mirimu gy’okutebenkeza abantu okwetoloola ssemazinga ono, okusinga wansi w’ekitongole ky’amawanga amagatte ekivunaanyizibwa ku kutebenkeza emirimu mu Central African Republic (MINUSCA) era nga emabegako kyali wansi w’ekikwekweto kya African Union-United Nations Hybrid Operation mu Darfur (UNAMID).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Beswick |first=Danielle |date=2010 |title=Peacekeeping, dependency and sovereignty: Reflections on regional power and international intervention in Africa |journal=[[Review of African Political Economy]] |volume=37 |issue=126 |pages=437–451 |doi=10.1080/03056244.2010.530461 |doi-broken-date=12 July 2026}}</ref> Ng’oggyeeko ebiragiro by’ekibiina ky’Amawanga Amagatte eby’amawanga amangi, Rwanda etera okukozesa enkola z’amagye ez’amawanga gombi ezeetongodde okukola ku bizibu by’omu kitundu. Okuva mu July 2021, RDF ebadde ekuuma abantu bangi mu ssaza ly’e Cabo Delgado mu bukiikakkono bwa [[Mozambique]] okulwanyisa obuyeekera bw’Abasiraamu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shield |first=Ralph |date=2023 |title=Rwanda's War in Mozambique: Road-Testing a 'Kigali Principles' approach to counterinsurgency? |journal=[[Small Wars & Insurgencies]] |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=161–187 |doi=10.1080/09592318.2023.2260270 |doi-broken-date=12 July 2026}}</ref> Oluvanyuma lw’ekibiina kya Southern African Development Community Mission in Mozambique (SAMIM) okuva mu mwaka gwa 2024, emirimu gyabwe gyagaziwa nnyo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hill |first=Matthew |date=28 May 2024 |title=Rwanda Deploys 2,000 More Troops to Gas-Rich Mozambique Region |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-05-28/rwanda-deploys-2-000-more-troops-to-gas-rich-mozambique-region |access-date=19 June 2026 |website=[[Bloomberg News]]}}</ref> As of 2026 , ebiwandiiko ebitongole okuva mu kitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku kusindika abayeekera byalaga nti abajaasi ba Rwanda n’abebyokwerinda abasoba mu 6,300 baali banyiikivu mu ssaza lino okunafuya obusobozi bw’abayeekera n’okukuuma ebikozesebwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 June 2026 |title=Cabo Delgado: Government Says Rwandan Presence "Provides Time to Reorganise National Forces" |url=https://360mozambique.com/development/cabo-delgado-government-says-rwandan-presence-provides-time-to-reorganise-national-forces/ |access-date=19 June 2026 |website=360 Mozambique}}</ref> Mu ggwanga, RDF etegekeddwa nnyo mu pulojekiti z'enkulaakulana y'abantu baabulijjo, ng'eyiwa bayinginiya b'amagye, abakozi b'ebyobujjanjabi, n'ebitongole ebitambuza ebintu okuzimba ebizimbe bya gavumenti n'amasomero mu kampeyini y'okubunyisa amawulire buli mwaka emanyiddwa nga "RDF Citizen Production Army". == Enjawukana mu by’obufuzi == Rwanda bwe yali tennaba kufugibwa mawanga g’obugwanjuba ag'abafuzi b'amatwale, enkola ya gavumenti yalina enkola eringa ey’ebyobufuzi ebyetooloolera ku bibiina ebingi n’okugabana obuyinza. Wadde nga waaliwo ensengeka enkakali, enkola eyasooka nga abafuzi b'amatwale tebannatuuka yali ekwataganya eya "obuyinza obwa gavumenti y'awakati n'ebitundu ebirina obwetwaze ebisaasaanyiziddwa." Ku mulembe gwa bakabaka, Omutaka eyalondebwa yafuga essaza eryali lyawuddwamu disitulikiti eziwera. Abakungu abalala babiri abaalondebwa head Chief nga be bafuga disitulikiti; omukungu omu yaweebwa obuyinza ku ttaka ate omulala n’alabirira ente. [[Kabaka]] ( {{Lang|rw|mwami}} ) yafuga nga bayita mu nkola y’amasaza, disitulikiti, obusozi, n’emiriraano. Okuva mu 2003, ssemateeka yagabanya Rwanda mu [[masaza]] ( {{Lang|rw|intara}} ), [[amagombolola]] ( {{Lang|rw|uturere}} ), ebibuga, munisipaali, ebibuga, ebisaawe ( {{Lang|rw|imirenge}} ), n’ebyalo ( {{Lang|rw|imidugudu}} ); ebitundu ebinene, n’ensalo zaabyo, biteekebwawo Palamenti. Mu Gwolubereberye 2006, Rwanda yaddamu okutegekebwa era amasaza kkuminaabiri ne gagattibwa ne gakola ataano, ate disitulikiti 106 ne zigattibwa ne zifuuka amakumi asatu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gwillim Law |date=27 April 2010 |title=Rwanda Districts |url=http://www.statoids.com/yrw.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821085718/http://www.statoids.com/yrw.html |archive-date=21 August 2020 |access-date=10 October 2022 |website=www.statoids.com}}</ref> Ensalo eziriwo kati ezaakubwa mu 2006 zaali zigendereddwamu okugabanya obuyinza n’okuggyawo enkolagana n’enkola enkadde n’ekittabantu. Ensengeka eyasooka ey’amasaza ekkuminaabiri agakwatagana n’ebibuga ebisinga obunene yakyusibwa n’efuulibwa amasaza ataano nga okusinga geesigamiziddwa ku nkula y’ensi. Gano mulimu [[essaza ly'obukiikakkono]], [[Essaza ly'obukikaddyo]], [[Essaza ly'obuvanjuba]], [[Essaza ly'obugwanjuba]], ne Munisipaali y'e Kigali mu makkati. Amasaza gano agataano gakola ng’abagatta gavumenti y’eggwanga ne disitulikiti ezigakola okulaba ng’enkola z’eggwanga ziteekebwa mu nkola ku mutendera gwa disitulikiti. Enkola ya Rwanda Decentralization Strategic Framework eyakolebwa Minisitule ya Gavumenti ez'ebitundu ewa amasaza obuvunaanyizibwa "okukwasaganya ensonga z'enfuga mu Ssaza, wamu n'okulondoola n'okwekenneenya". Buli ssaza likulemberwa Gavana, alondebwa pulezidenti era n’ayisibwa olukiiko lwa Senate. Disitulikiti zino zivunaanyizibwa ku kukwasaganya enkola y’emirimu gya gavumenti n’okutumbula ebyenfuna. Zaawuddwamu ebisaawe, ebivunaanyizibwa ku kutuusa empeereza ya gavumenti nga bwe ziragibwa disitulikiti. Disitulikiti n’ebisaawe birina enkiiko ezirondebwabu obutereevu, era nga ziddukanyizibwa akakiiko akafuzi akalondebwa olukiiko olwo. Obufo obutono n’ebyalo bye bitundu by’ebyobufuzi ebisinga obutono, nga bigatta abantu n’ebisaawe. Bannansi bonna abakulu abatuuze ba mmemba ku lukiiko lw’obufo obutono obw’ekitundu kyabwe, nga muno mwe balondera akakiiko akafuzi. Ekibuga [[Kigali]] kitongole ku mutendera gw’amasaza, ekikwasaganya enteekateeka y’ebibuga mu kibuga. [[Category:Ensi za Afirika]] 8bzmkg5d7463sjqovp6ya9ifs4lt9rl 0 5700 66849 61057 2026-08-05T19:28:35Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66849 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambia''' ggwanga mu [[Afirika]] elitasalagana n'amazzi mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Ian |date=1970 |title=The Origins of Nationalism in East and Central Africa: The Zambian Case |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=591–603 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700010471 |issn=0021-8537 |jstor=180923 |s2cid=154296266}}</ref> Mu butongole eyitibwa Republic of Zambia, nsi er mu Masekkati ga Africa. Esalagana ensalo n'ensi okuli [[Congo]] mu Bukiikakkono, [[Tanzania]] mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, [[Malawi]] mu Buvanjuba, [[Mozambique]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, [[Zimbabwe]] ne [[Botswana]] mu Bukiikaddyo, [[Namibia]] mu Bukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba ne [[Angola]] mu Buggwanjuba. Ekibuga ekikulu ekya Zambia kiyitibwa [[Lusaka]] nga kino kisangibwa mu Masekkati g'Obukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abantu abasinga bawangalira okwetoloola Lusaka mu Bukiikaddyo n'essaza lye Province mu Bukiikakkono ebitundu ebikulu eby'enfuna ya Zambia. Mu kusooka yali yajjuzibwa abantu abayitibwa Aba Khoisan, ekitundu kino ky'akosebwa olw'ogaziwa kw'abantu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminessatu. Oluvannyuma lw'okulambula kw'abazungu mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminoomunaana, Obwakabaka bwa Bungerea bwatandiika okunyweza obuyinza mu kitundu kino oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira okwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1890 bwe baali bakaayana n'aba Potigo abaali bakaayanira ekitundu kya Angola ne Mozambique mu 1885.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nowell |first=Charles E. |date=1982 |title=The Rose-colored Map: Portugal's Attempt to Build an African Empire from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I9QqAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Junta de Investigações Científicas do Ultramar |access-date=2026-04-11}}</ref> Bungereza yakola amatwale g'ayo mu Barotziland mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Rhodesia n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Rhodesia okutuukira ddala mu kyaasa eky'ekkuminomwenda. Zino zatondebwa mu 1911 okukola Obukiikakkono bwa Rhodesia. Ebiseera byonna eby'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, Zambia yali ekulemberwa omuntu eyali yalondebwa Bungereza wakati mu kuwabulwa kwa British South Africa Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/history/ |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomwenda 1964, Zambia yafuuka Eggwanga ery'etongodde okuva ku Bungereza, ne Ssabaminisita Kenneth Kaunda yalayizibwa ku bwa Pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://commonwealthchamber.com/member-countries/zambia/ |access-date=2025-06-30 |website=Commonwealth Chamber of Commerce |language=en-US}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Kaunda ekya United National Independence Party (UNIP) ky'ekuumira mu buyinza okuva mu 1964 okutuusa mu 1991, ng'akola emirimu gy'obukulembeze, okukuuma enkolagana ne America ng'enkola ey'okukomya obutabanguko mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo (Zimbabwe), Angola ne Namibia.<ref>Andy DeRoche, ''Kenneth Kaunda, the United States, and Southern Africa'' (London: Bloomsbury, 2016).</ref> Okuva mu 1972 kutuusa mu 1991, Zambia yalimu ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka ekya UNIP nga kirina engombo ya "Zambia emu, Eggwanga ery'awamu" eyatandikibwawo Kaunda. Okugoberera enkola y'okugunjaawo ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebirala mu Zambia mu 1990, Kaunda yawangulwa mu kulonda kw'abonna okwaliwo mu 1991. Okuva kw'olwo, Zambia ebadde ekyusa obukulembeze mu mirembe awatali kusika muguwa. Ebyobugagga eby'omuttaka mu Zambia mulimu eby'obugagga eby'omuttaka, ebisolo by'omunsiko, ebibira, amazzi agataliimu munnyo n'ettaka eggimu eririmibwako.<ref>{{citation|first=Karlyn|last=Eckman|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|date=2007|title=Gender Mainstreaming in Forestry in Africa: Zambia}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2018, abantu 47.9% baali mu bwavu obw'engeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Zambia |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240429110010/https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/ZMB.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2024 |access-date=29 April 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme Human Development Reports}}</ref> Akatale ak'awamu ak'omu Buvanjuba n'Obukiikaddyo bwa Africa (COMESA) kalina ekitebe ky'ako e Lusaka. == Ensibuko == Ekitundu kya Zambia kyali kimanyiddwa nga "Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono" okuva mu 1911 okutuuka mu 1964. Kyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka "Zambia" mu Gwomwenda 1964 bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bangereza. Erinnya "Zambia" liva mu mugga Zambezi (Zambezi eyinza okutegeeza "omugga omukulu").<ref name=":0" /> == Obutonde bw'ayo == Zambia nsi etasalagana n'annyanja zi ssemayanja mu [[Bukiikaddyo]] bwa Africa ng'erina embeera y'obudde ey'ekitundu ekirimu ebbugumu, era ng'esinga kubaamu obusozi obuwanvu obuwulwa n'ebiwonko by'emigga. Ku bwagaagavu bwa kilomita 752,614 (290,586 sq mi), ensi eno ekwata kifo kya 39 mu mawanga agasinga obunene mu nsi yonna. Zambia esalibwako emigga ebiri eminene: omugga Zambezi/Kafue mu Makkati, e Bugwanjuba, n'Obukiikaddyo nga bikwata ebitundu nga bisatu ku buli kikumi eky'eggwanga; n'omugga Congo mu [[Bukiikakkono]] nga bikwata ebitundu nga kimu kyakuna ku ggwanga. Ekitundu mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba kikola ekitundu ku mugga ogw'omunda ogwa Lake Rukwa mu [[Tanzania]]. Mu kitundu kya Zambezi basin, mulimu emigga egikulukuta mu bujjuvu oba mu bitundu nga giyita mu Zambia: Kabompo, Lungwebungu, Kafue, Luangwa, ne Zambezi, egikulukuta okwetoloola mu ggwanga mu Bugwanjuba ate oluvannyuma n'efuuka ensalo yaayo ey'omu Bukiikaddyo ne [[Namibia]], [[Botswana]], ne [[Zimbabwe]]. Ensibuko yaayo eri mu Zambia era n'eyita mu [[Angola]], era nga n'obutundutundu obugiyiwa bugiyiwa mu Angola. Omugga gwa Cuando gukola ensalo zaagwo mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Zambia n'okuyita ku mugga Chobe.<ref name="Beilfuss">Beilfuss, Richard and dos Santos, David (2001) [https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Mozambique".] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf|date=17 December 2008}} Working Paper No 2 Program for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley.</ref> Ebiri ku migga egisinga obuwanvu era obunene mu Zambezi, Kafue ne Luangwa, gikulukutira mu Zambia. Weegattira ku Zambezi eri ku nsalo ne Zimbabwe mu Chirundu ne mu kibuga Luangwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Nga tezinnegattira ku Zambezi, omugga Luangwa guyisa ekitundu ku nsalo ya Zambia ne Mozambique. Okuva mu kibuga Luangwa, Zambezi eva mu Zambia n'ekulukuta mu Mozambique, era oluvannyuma n'egatta ku Mozambique Channel. Mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia olusozi olugazi oluli wakati w'omugga Zambezi n'ebiwonvu by'ennyanja Tanganyika lwe wunzikidde mu Bukiikakkono, era bwe kityo ne lulinnya mpola mpola okuva ku mita 900 (fuuti 3,000) mu Bukiikaddyo okutuuka ku mita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) mu Masekkati, okutuuka ku mita 1,800 (fuuti 5,900) mu Bukiikakkono okumpi ne Mbala. Ebitundu bino eby'olusozi olugazi muBukiikakkono bwa Zambia bikoleddwa ekitongole kya World Wildlife Fund nga ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu Central Zambezian miombo woodlands ecoregion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Geography {{!}} Zambian High Commission |url=https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426145145/https://www.zambiapretoria.net/geography/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=www.zambiapretoria.net}}</ref> Olusenyi lwa Luangwa lusalamu olusenyi luno mu nsonda ey'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba okutuukira ddala mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, nga lweyongerayo mu Bugwanjuba okutuuka mu makkati g'olusenyi luno olw'amaanyi olwa Mugga Lunsemfwa. Obusozi n'ensozi bisangibwa ku mabbali g'ebitundu ebimu eby'olusenyi luno, omuli mu Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'olusenyi lwa Nyika (2,200 metres oba 7,200 feet) ku nsalo ya Malawi, nga lugendera ddala okutuuka mu nsozi za Zambia eza Mafinga.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 September 2014 |title=Mafinga South and Mafinga Central: the highest peaks in Zambia |url=http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716161825/http://www.markhorrell.com/blog/2014/mafinga-south-and-mafinga-central-the-highest-peaks-in-zambia/ |archive-date=16 July 2017 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Footsteps on the Mountain blog}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Zambia esangibwa ku plateau ya Afirika ow'omu masekkati, wakati wa mmita 1,000 ne 1,600 (fuuti 3,300 ne 5,200) waggulu w'ennyanja. Obuwanvu obw'okutwaliza awamu bwa mmita 1,200 (fuuti 3,900) kiwa ettaka embeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Embeera y'obudde eya Zambia ya bbugumu, ng'ekyusibwamu obuwanvu. Mu kika kya Köppen eky'embeera y'obudde, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga kibalibwa nga humid subtropical (Cfa) oba tropical wet and dry (Aw), nga mulimu obutundutundu obw'ekika kya semi-arid steppe climate (BSh) mu bugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ne mu kiwonvu kya Zambezi. Sizoni ebbiri ezisinga obunene ze sizoni y'enkuba (Ogwekkuminogumu okutuuka mu Gwokuna) ekwatagana n'ekyeeya, ne sizoni ey'ekyeya (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Ogwekkuminogumu), ekwatagana n'obutiti. Ekiseera ky'ekyeya kigabanyizibwamu ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu obunnyogovu (Ogwokutaano/Ogwomukaaga okutuuka mu Gwomunaana), n'ekitundu ky'ekyeya ekirimu ebbugumu (Ogwomwenda okutuuka mu Gwekkumi/Gwekkuminogumu).<ref>''Spectrum Guide to Zambia''. Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. {{ISBN|1-874041-14-8}}.</ref> == Obutonde == Mu 2015, Zambia yategeezebwa okuba n’ebika by’ebisolo ebiri mu 12,505 ebimanyiddwa: ebitundu 63% ebika by’ebisolo, 33% ebika by’ebimera n’ebitundu 4% ebika by’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde n’obuwuka obulala obusirikitu.<ref name="Mulenga_2015">{{cite report|author=Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|date=June 30, 2015|title=United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report|url=https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|publisher=Zambia Ministry of Lands, Natural Resources and Environmental Protection|access-date=2024-05-03|archive-date=3 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240503192214/https://www.cbd.int/doc/world/zm/zm-nr-05-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Waliwo ebika by'ebimuli eby'omu nsiko ebiteeberezebwa okuba nga biri 3,543, nga muno mulimu ebimera ebiyitibwa sedges, ebimera eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bolnick |first1=Doreen |year=2007 |title=A guide to the common wild flowers of Zambia and neighbouring regions 2nd Edition |url=https://archive.org/details/guidetocommonwil0000boln |last2=Bingham |publisher=Wildlife & Environmental Conservation Society of Zambia |isbn=978-9982-18-063-4 |location=Lusaka |page=75}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bw'eggwanga birina ebika by'ebimuli eby'enjawulo. Ebimera ebitali bimu eby'omu nsiko n'ebimera eby'omuti bisangibwa mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection: United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia- Ministry of Lands Natural Resources}}</ref> Omugatte gwa 242 ebisolo bisangibwa mu ggwanga, ng’ebisinga obungi biba mu bibira n’entobazi. Entugga ey'ekika kya Rhodesian ne Kafue lechwe bye bimu ku bika ebimu ebisangibwa mu Zambia mwokka..<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Lands |date=June 2015 |title=Ministry of Lands Natural Resources and Environmental Protection:United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity Fifth National Report |url=https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626142324/https://www.mlnr.gov.zm/?wpfb_dl=77 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |website=Zambia - Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ebyafaayo eby'edda Amagumba g'ebisigalira by'omutwe gw'omuntu ow'e Broken Hill (era amanyiddwa nga Kabwe Man), nga gaakazuulibwa wakati w'emyaka 300,000 ne 125,000 egyayita, kiraga nti ekitundu ekyo kyali kibaddemuko abantu mu biseera by'edda.[1] Omuntu ow'e Broken Hill yazuulibwa mu Zambia mu Disitulikiti Kabwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malcolm Southwood, Bruce Cairncross & Mike S. Rumsey |date=2019 |title=Minerals of the Kabwe ("Broken Hill") Mine, Central Province, Zambia, Rocks & Minerals |journal=Rocks & Minerals |volume=94 |issue=2 |pages=114–149 |doi=10.1080/00357529.2019.1530038 |issn=0035-7529 |s2cid=135446729}}</ref> Khoisan ne Batwa Ebiwandiiko by'oku mayinja ebya Graffitied mu mpuku ya Nsalu, mu Kasanka National Park mu North-Central Zambia Zambia yali etuuliddwamu abantu ba Khoisan ne Batwa okutuusa awo nga AD 300, abantu abava mu ubu lwaba Bantu abaali batambula nga bava mu bitundu ebirala bwe baatandika okubeera mu bitundu ebyo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Holmes |first=Timothy |year=1998 |title=Cultures of the World: Zambia |publisher=Times Books International |isbn=978-0-7614-0694-5 |location=Tarrytown, New York |pages=19–20}}</ref> Kikkirizibwa nti abantu ba Khoisan baava mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa ne basaasaanira mu bitundu ebirala okwetooloola ensi yonna emyaka nga 150,000 egiyise. Abantu ba Twa baayawulwamu mu bibinja bibiri: Abantu ba Kafwe Twa baabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu kya Kafue Flats ate abantu ba Lukanga Twa abaabeeranga okumpi n'ekiwonvu ky'olutobazi lwa Lukanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2020 |title=Twa |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107062915/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/pre-bantu-invasion/twa/ |archive-date=7 November 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyokulabirako bingi eby'ebifaananyi by'oku mayinja mu Zambia, gamba nga Mwela Rock Paintings, Mumbwa Caves, ne Nachikufu Cave, bigambibwa nti byakubibwa abayizzi abaasooka okuyigga nga bava mu bitundu ebirala.<ref name="isygi">{{cite journal |last=Musonda |first=Francis B. |year=1984 |title=Late Pleistocene and Holocene Microlithic Industries from the Lunsemfwa Basin, Zambia |journal=The South African Archaeological Bulletin |publisher=JSTOR |volume=39 |issue=139 |pages=24–36 |doi=10.2307/3888592 |issn=0038-1969 |jstor=3888592}}</ref> '''Olubu lwa Bantu''' Ebyafaayo ebyasooka eby'abantu b'e Zambia bisengekebwa okuva mu biwandiiko by'abantu, eby'omu ttaka, n'ebiwandiiko ebyawandiikibwa abantu abatali Bafirika.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Taylor |first1=Scott D. |title=Culture and Customs of Zambia |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329102016/http://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/file%20uploads%20/scott_d._taylor_culture_and_customs_of_zambia_cbook4you.pdf |archive-date=29 March 2018 |access-date=25 March 2018 |publisher=Greenwood Press}}</ref> '''Ensibuko y’Abantu''' Abavubi abatonga mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Zambia. Abakyala bazannye era beeyongera okuzannya omulimu omukulu era omunene mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Ba Bantu basooka kubeera mu Buggwanjuba n'Amasekkati ga Africa mu kaseera kano agamanyikiddwa nga Cameroon ne Nigeria.<ref name="unych">{{cite book |last=Flamming |first=D. |year=2009 |title=African Americans in the West |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-003-2 |series=Cultures in the American West |page=15 |access-date=2023-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918071953/https://books.google.com/books?id=rUbyCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA15 |archive-date=18 September 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Kumpi kati emyaka 5000 egiyise, baatandiika okweyongerayo okusaasaana mu Africa. Ekikolwa kino y'atuumibwa Okugaziwa k'wab'olubu lwa Bantu.<ref name="qnr0r">{{cite journal |last1=Grollemund |first1=Rebecca |last2=Branford |first2=Simon |last3=Bostoen |first3=Koen |last4=Meade |first4=Andrew |last5=Venditti |first5=Chris |last6=Pagel |first6=Mark |date=2015-09-14 |title=Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=112 |issue=43 |pages=13296–13301 |bibcode=2015PNAS..11213296G |doi=10.1073/pnas.1503793112 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=4629331 |pmid=26371302 |doi-access=free}}</ref>Abantu b’omu Bantu bateeberezebwa okuba nga be baasooka okuleeta tekinologiya w’okukola ebyuma mu bitundu bya Afirika bingi. Okusaasaana kw’abantu b’omu Bantu kwatandikira mu makubo abiri: ak’Obugwanjuba nga kayita mu kibira kya Congo n’ak’eBuvanjuba nga kayita mu mawanga ag’enjawulo aga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bostoen |first=Koen |date=26 April 2018 |title=The Bantu Expansion |url=https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220807224432/https://oxfordre.com/africanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-191 |archive-date=7 August 2022 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History |language=en |doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.191 |isbn=978-0-19-027773-4}}</ref> '''Ba Bantu gye basooka okubeera''' Ba Bantu abasooka babeera nga mu byalo. Baali tebalina bakulembeze okugeza bassaabataka era baakoleranga wamu era bayambagananga mu kuteekateeka ebimera byaabwe. Ebyalo byasengulwanga singa ettaka ly'abanga telikyazza bimera olw'engeri gye baali balimamu. Abantu bano baali balunzi b'ante.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2019 |title=Ila |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030212745/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/early-bantu-settlers/ila/ |archive-date=30 October 2020 |access-date=27 October 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Ebyalo bya ba Bantu mu Zambiz byali byemalirira. Abaminsani abatuukira mu bitundu bino balaba okwetengerera n'obumalirivu bw'abantu abaali bawangalira mu bitundu bino. Omu ku baminsani bano yagamba: "[Bwe] wabaawo ebyokulwanyisa, okuyigga, n'ebikozesebwa awaka ebiba byetaagibwa, [Omutonga] agenda mu nsozi n'asima okutuusa lw'azuula ekyuma. Akiyungula era n'ekyuma kino ky'afunye akozesa okukola amafumu, enkumbi, n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa. Ayokya enku n'akola amanda g'akozesa mu kuyisaamu ebyuma. Ebikozesebwa okufuuwa omuliro bikolebwa mu ddiba ly'ensolo era emiyungiro gya ttayiro, era n'ekyuma n'ebikompola nabyo bitundu by'ebyuma by'afunye. Akola ebibumbe, ayokya ebyuma, abikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, era akola emirimu gyonna egy'omukozi w'ebyuma owa bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Project Gutenberg eBook of South and South Central Africa, by H. Frances Davidson. |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/37728/37728-h/37728-h.htm#CHAPTER_IXPART2 |access-date=29 October 2020 |website=www.gutenberg.org}}</ref> Ebyamaguzi ebyatundibwanga mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Ingombe Ilede mwalimu engoye, obusero, zzaabu, n'obukuufu. Ekifo kino kyennyini kisangibwa ku mukutu gw'omugga Zambezi n'omugga Lusitu, ekikifuula ekifo ekirungi eky'okukoleramu ebyamaguzi eby'okutunda ewala. Abatuuze baaleetanga ebintu okuva mu kifo ekiriwo kati eky'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne Kilwa Kisiwani ng'ate ebirala byavanga wala nnyo nga mu Buyindi, China ne mu nsi z'Abawalabu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Origins of trade - Zambia Travel Guide |url=http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802161402/http://www.zambia-travel-guide.com/bradt_guide.asp?bradt=1084 |archive-date=2 August 2021 |access-date=28 October 2020 |website=www.zambia-travel-guide.com}}</ref> Abasuubuzi b'omu kitundu baagattibwako Abaportuguezi mu kyasa eky'ekkumi n'omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pikirayi |first=Innocent |date=August 2017 |title=Ingombe Ilede and the demise of Great Zimbabwe |journal=Antiquity |language=en |volume=91 |issue=358 |pages=1085–1086 |doi=10.15184/aqy.2017.95 |issn=0003-598X |s2cid=158120419 |doi-access=free}}</ref> '''Okusenga kw'aba Bantu okw'okubiri''' Abantu ab'omu Bantu abasengukira e Zambia omulundi ogw'okubiri baali bantu abagambibwa okuba nga baakwata ekkubo ery'eBugwanjuba ery'okutambula kw'abantu ab'omu Bantu okuyita mu Congo Basin. Abantu bano ab'omu Bantu baamala ebbanga eddene mu bulamu bwabwe nga bali mu ekyo ekyaddirira Democratic Republic of Congo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> '''Ebibuga mu Luba-Lunda''' Ababemba, awamu n'ebibinja ebirala ebikwatagana nga Abalamba, Ababisa, Abasenga, Abakonde, Abaswaka, Abankoya, n'Abasoli, baakola ebitundu ebikulu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu Upemba ekitundu kya Democratic Republic of Congo era balina enkolagana ey'amaanyi n'abantu ba Luba. Ekitundu Obwakabaka bwa Luba mwe bwali bufugira, kibaddemu abalimi abasooka n'abakola ebyuma okuva mu myaka gya 300 C.E. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebitundu bino byayiga okukozesa obutimba n’ebiso, okukola amaato agaasimibwanga mu miti, okusima emikutu mu ntobazi n’okukola ebbibiro nga liwanvu okutuuka ku mita 2.5 (fuuti 8 inchi 2). N’ekyavaamu, baakulaakulanya ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo nga batunda ebyennyanja, ekikomo n’ebintu ebikoleddwa mu kyuma n’omunnyo okufuna ebyamaguzi okuva mu bitundu bya Afirika ebirala, gamba ng’okuva ku mwalo gwa Swahili n’oluvannyuma, Abaportugali. Okuva mu bitundu bino mwe mwava Obwakabaka bwa Luba mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena.<ref name="metmuseum.org">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Luba bwali bwakabaka bunene nga bulina gavumenti eya wakati n'obukulembeze obutonotono obwetengeredde. Bwalina obusuubuzi obw'amaanyi obwagatta ebibira mu Congo Basin n'ebifo eby'obugagga bw'omu ttaka ebiri mu plateaus ez'obugagga bw'ekikomo eziri mu Copperbelt Province leero era ne zituuka okuva ku mwalo ogwa Atlantic okutuuka ku mwalo ogwa Indian Ocean. Eby'emikono nabyo byassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa mu bwakabaka, era abakugu mu by'emikono bassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa.<ref name="metmuseum.org2">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Mu kitundu kye kimu eky'Obukiikaddyo bwa Congo, abantu ba Lunda baafuulibwa ekitundu ky'obwakabaka bwa Luba era ne bakkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu bukiikaddyo. Okusinziira ku nfumo z'obuzaale bwa Lunda, omuyizzi Omuluba ayitibwa Chibinda Ilunga, mutabani wa Ilunga Mbidi Kiluwe, yaleeta mu Lunda enkola y'obufuzi eya Luba era n'akkiriza engeri z'obuwangwa bwa Luba n'obufuzi, bwe batyo ne bafuuka Obwakabaka bwa Lunda mu Bukiikaddyo. Abalunda, okufaananako eggwanga lyabwe erya Luba, nabo baakolanga eby'obusuubuzi n'amawanga agali ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja, Atlantic ne Indian. Wadde nga Mwaant Yaav Naweej yali ataddewo eby'obusuubuzi okutuuka ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Atlantic era n'atandikawo enkolagana ey'obutereevu n'abasuubuzi b'omu Bulaaya abaali baagala okufuna abaddu n'ebintu ebiva mu bibira era nga bafuga n'eby'obusuubuzi bya Koppa mu kitundu ekyo, era nga n'ebitundu ebiriraanye ennyanja Mweru byali bitadde obukwakkulizo ku by'obusuubuzi n'ennyanja.<ref name="metmuseum.org3">{{Cite web |last=Bortolot |first=Alexander Ives |date=October 2003 |title=Kingdoms of the Savanna: The Luba and Lunda Empires |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106232343/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/luba/hd_luba.htm |archive-date=6 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref> Amawanga ga Luba-Lunda oluvannyuma gaakendeera olw'okutunda abaddu mu Atlantic mu Bugwanjuba ne mu Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba ne mu ntalo n'ebibinja ebyali byawuddwa ku bwakabaka. Aba Chokwe, ekibinja ekirina oluganda olw'okumpi ne Luvale era ne kitondebwawo ng'eggwanga lya Lunda satellite, mu kusooka gaakosebwa olw'obwetaavu bwabaddu eri Abazungu, naye bwe baawukana ku bwakabaka, bo bennyini baafuuka batunzi ba baddu abamanyiddwa ennyo, nga batunda abaddu ku mbalama zombi. Abachokwe oluvannyuma baawangulwa amawanga amalala n'Abaportugali.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Azuonye |first=Chukwuma |date=15 December 1996 |title=Chokwe: (Angola, Zambia) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ejao3vG6nfsC&pg=PA11 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc |isbn=978-0-8239-1990-1 |language=en}}</ref> Obutali butebenkevu buno bwaviirako okugwa kw'obwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'abantu okusaasaanira mu bitundu bya Zambia eby'enjawulo okuva mu Democratic Republic of the Congo. Abazambia abasinga obungi balina obuzaale mu bwakabaka bwa Luba-Lunda n'obwakabaka obulala obuli mu Masekkati ga Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2019 |title=Luba |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103115702/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/second-bantu-invasion/luba/ |archive-date=3 November 2020 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1200, ng’eggwanga lya Luba-Lunda terinnatandikibwawo, ekibinja ky’aba Bantu baatandika okusenguka okuva mu Congo Basin okudda ku Nnyanja Mweru ate oluvannyuma ne basenga okumpi n’ennyanja Malawi. Abasenze bano balowoozebwa okuba nga baali abamu ku bantu abaali babeera mu kitundu ky’e Upemba mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Mu myaka gya 1400, ebibinja by’abasenze bano awamu baayitibwanga Maravi, era nga mu bo mwalimu Abachewa abaatandika okukoppa ebibinja by’aba Bantu nga Tumbuka.<ref name="Team">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1480 Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwatandikibwawo kalonga (omukulu w'obwakabaka bwa Maravi) okuva mu kika kya Phiri, kimu ku bika ebikulu, ng'ebirala mulimu Banda, Mwale ne Nkhoma. Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwali buva ku Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Enkulaakulana y'ebyobufuzi ey'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi yali efaanana ey'Obwakabaka bwa Luba era kigambibwa nti bwavaayo. Ekyamaguzi ekikulu eky'Obwakabaka bwa Maravi kyali amasanga, agaatundibwanga okuyita mu Mozambique leero okutuuka e Zambia n'ebitundu bya Malawi eby'omu Masekkati. Ekyuma nakyo kyakolebwanga era ne kitundibwa mu nsi endala. Mu myaka gya 1590, Abapotigo baagezaako okweddiza eby'obusuubuzi n’okutunda Maravi mu nsi endala. Okugezaako kuno kwaleetawo obusungu mu Maravi ab’e Lundu, abaasumulula eggye lyabwe erya WaZimba. WaZimba baalumba ebibuga by’Abapotigo eby’obusuubuzi nga Tete, Sena n’ebibuga ebirala bingi.<ref name="thinkafrica.net">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Abamaravi nabo bateeberezebwa okuba nga baaleeta obulombolombo obwandifuuse ekibiina kya Nyau eky'ekyama okuva e Upemba. Aba Nyau be bakola ku nzikiriza oba eddiini y'obuwangwa ey'abantu b'omu Maravi. Ekibiina kya Nyau kirimu okuzina okw'obulombolombo n'obukookolo obukozesebwa mu kuzina; enzikiriza eno yasaasaana okwetooloola ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maptia |title=The Secret Cult of Nyau Dancers |url=https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130415/https://maptia.com/vlad_sokhin/stories/the-secret-cult-of-nyau-dancers |archive-date=8 November 2020 |access-date=3 January 2021 |website=Maptia |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Maravi bwakendeera olw'enkaayana ezikwata ku busika mu mukago, okulumbibwa Ngoni n'okulumba abaddu okuva mu Yao.<ref name="thinkafrica.net2">{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Editorial |date=26 December 2018 |title=The Maravi Confederacy |url=https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190111/https://thinkafrica.net/maravi-confederacy/ |archive-date=29 November 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |website=Think Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa ne Mfecane''' Ng'Obwakabaka bwa Great Zimbabwe bwali bukendedde, omu ku balangira baabwo, Nyatsimba Mutota, yava mu ggwanga n'atandikawo obwakabaka obupya obuyitibwa Mutapa. Ekitiibwa kya Mwene Mutapa, ekitegeeza "Omulumbaganyi w'Ensi", kyamuweebwa era n'abafuzi abaddirira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mwene Matapa {{!}} historical dynastic title, southern Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230520141810/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mwene-Matapa |archive-date=20 May 2023 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwafuganga ekitundu ekiri wakati w’Omugga Zambezi n’Omugga Limpopo, mu kitundu ekiriwo kati ekiyitibwa Zambia, Zimbabwe ne Mozambique, okuva mu kyasa ekya 14 okutuusa mu kyasa ekya 17. Mu ntikko yaabwo, Mutapa yali awambye ekitundu kya Dande eky’Omugga Tonga ne Tavara. Obwakabaka bwa Mutapa bwasinganga kwetaba mu by’obusuubuzi okusomoka Ssemayanja wa Indian Ocean okutuuka mu mawanga ag’omu Asiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=31 December 2020 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Okufaananako abantu abaaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu mu Maravi, Mutapa yalina obuzibu n’abasuubuzi Abapotigo abaali bazze. Obutategeeragana buno we bwatuukira ku ntikko, Abapotigo baali bagezezzaako okukyusa mu nsonga z’omunda mu bwakabaka nga batandikawo obutale mu bwakabaka era nga bakyusa abantu okubayingiza Obukristaayo. Ekikolwa kino kyaleetawo obusungu mu Basiraamu AbaSwahili abaali babeera mu kibuga ekikulu, akavuyo kano kaawa Abapotigo ensonga gye baali banoonya okulumba obwakabaka era bagezeeko okufuga ebirombe by'abwo ebya zaabu n'enguudo awayitira amasanga. Obulumbaganyi buno bwagwa butaka Abapotigo bwe baalumbibwa endwadde nga bayita ku mugga Zambezi.<ref name="Mutapa">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1600 enkaayana ez'omunda n'olutalo lw'omunda byatandika okukendeera kwa Mutapa. Obwakabaka obwali bunafuye bwawangulwa Abapotigo era oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera bwatwalibwa amawanga ga Shona bwe baali bawalangana.<ref name="Mutapa2">{{Cite web |title=Mutapa |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418202600/https://www.worldhistory.org/Mutapa/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=World History Encyclopedia}}</ref> Abapotigo nabo baalina ettaka ddene, eryali limanyiddwa nga Prazos, era baakozesanga abaddu n'abaali abaddu ng'abakuumi n'abayizzi. Baatendekanga abasajja mu bukodyo bw'amagye era ne babawa emmundu. Abasajja bano baafuuka abayizzi b'enjovu abakugu era baali bamanyiddwa nga ba Chikunda. Oluvannyuma lw'okukendeera kw'Abapotigo, Chikunda baasobola okwesolossa munda mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2019 |title=Chikunda |url=https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227184451/https://traditionalzambia.home.blog/tribes-of-zambia/mozambique/chikunda/ |archive-date=27 February 2021 |access-date=12 January 2021 |website=Zambia's Traditional History |language=en}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Portugal okubeera mu kitundu ekyo kyali nsonga lwaki obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwatandikibwawo, eggwanga eryali lyetongodde ku Mutapa. Omukulembeze w'obwakabaka bwa Rozvi, Changamire Dombo, yafuuka omu ku bakulembeze abasingayo amaanyi mu byafaayo bya South-Central Africa. Wansi w'obukulembeze bwe, obwakabaka bwa Rozvi bwawangula Abapotigo ne babaggya mu bifo mwe baali bakolera bizineesi ku mugga Zambezi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rozwi {{!}} historical state, Africa |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125203243/https://www.britannica.com/place/Rozwi-historical-state-Africa |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Naye oboolyawo ekyokulabirako ekisinga okumanyibwa mu kino okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti kwe kweyongera kw’Abazulu wansi w’obukulembeze bwa Shaka. Okupikirizibwa okuva eri Abangereza abafuzi b’amatwale mu Cape ne okweyongera kw’obukambwe bwa gavumenti mu Bazulu kyavaako Mfecane (okunyigirizibwa). Abazulu beeyongera nga bayingiza abakazi n’abaana b’ebika bye baawangula, singa abasajja b’ebika bino ebya Nguni baawona okuttibwa, baakozesa obukodyo bw’amagye obw’Abazulu okulumba ebibinja ebirala.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Kino kyaviirako abantu bangi okusenguka, entalo n'obulumbaganyi mu Bukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika nga ab'ekika kya Nguni oba Ngoni nga bakulembeddwamu Zwagendaba baasomoka omugga Zambezi nga batambulira mu Bukiikakkono. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni be baakuba ekibuga Maravi Empire ekyali kinafuye. Ab'ekika kya Ngoni abasinga obungi baasenga mu kitundu ekyali Zambia, [[Malawi]], [[Mozambique]] ne [[Tanzania]] era ne beegatta ku bika ebyali mu kitundu ekyo.<ref name="Mfecane {{!}} African history2">{{Cite web |title=Mfecane {{!}} African history |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032255/https://www.britannica.com/event/Mfecane |archive-date=12 November 2020 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Zambia, ekibinja ekirala eky’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Afirika eky’Abasotho-Tswana abava mu Luba ne Lunda ezaagwa edda abayitibwa Abaluyana baawamba Kololo ne bamussaako olulimi Olukololo okutuusa Abaluyana lwe beekalakaasa ne baggyako Kololo mu kiseera kino olulimi Olukololo lwali lwerabiddwa era olulimi olupya olugattiddwa lwe lwavaamu, SiLozi era Abaluyana baatandika okweyita Abalozi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lozi {{!}} people |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528092724/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lozi |archive-date=28 May 2023 |access-date=2 January 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kya 18, Abamu ku Mbunda baasengukira mu Barotseland, Mongu oluvannyuma lw'okusenguka kw'abantu abalala, nga muno mwe muli, Ciyengele.<ref>'' The elites of Barotseland, 1878–1969: a political history of Zambia's Western Province'': a. Gerald L. Caplan, C. Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd, 1970, {{ISBN|0-900966-38-6}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=maniacky |first=jacky |title=bantu zone K |url=http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411045127/http://www.bantu-languages.com/fr/zonek.html |archive-date=2014-04-11 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.bantu-languages.com}}</ref> '''Ekiseera ky'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' '''Abazungu''' Omu ku Bulaaya abaasooka okuwandiikibwa nga baakyalako mu kitundu kino yali omuvumbuzi Omupotigo Francisco de Lacerda ku nkomerero y'ekyasa ekya 18. Lacerda yakulemberamu ekibinja ky'abavumbuzi okuva e Mozambique okutuuka mu kitundu ky'e Kazembe mu Zambia (nga balina ekiruubirirwa eky'okuvumbula n'okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Africa okuva ku lubalama lw'ennyanja okutuuka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja omulundi ogusooka),<ref>{{cite web |year=1798 |title=Instructions and Travel Diary that Governor Francisco Joze de Lacerda e Almeida Wrote about His Travel to the Center of Africa, Going to the River of Sena, in the Year of 1798 |url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905135844/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/234/ |archive-date=5 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Library of Congress}}</ref> era n'afa mu kiseera ky'olugendo mu 1798. Olugendo luno okuva olwo lwakulemberwamu mukwano gwe Francisco Pinto.<ref>{{cite web |last=Hartnett |first=Craig |title=Portuguese Expedition to Northern Rhodesia, 1798–99 |url=http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924023553/http://www.greatnorthroad.org/maps/european_travellers/portuguese_expedition.php |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=3 September 2015 |website=Great North Road (GNR, Northern Rhodesia, Zambia) |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ekitundu kino, ekisangibwa wakati wa Mozambique ne [[Angola]], kyali kigambibwa nti kyali kya Bupotugo mu kiseera ekyo. Abalala abava mu Bulaaya baagoberera mu kyasa 19. Eyasinga okumanyika mu bano yali David Livingstone, eyalina okwolesebwa okw'okukomya okusuubula abaddu ng'ayita mu "3Cs": Obukristaayo, Ebyobusuubuzi, n'Obuwangwa. Ye Muzungu eyasooka okulaba ebisulo by'amazzi ebyewuunyisa ku Mugga Zambezi mu 1855, n'abyogerako bw'ati: "Ebifo ebirabika obulungi bityo biteekwa okuba nga byatunuulirwa bamalayika mu kudduka kwabwe".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Livingstone Discovers Victoria Falls, 1855 |url=http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522092057/http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/livingstone.htm |archive-date=22 May 2020 |access-date=28 May 2020 |website=EyeWitness to History}}</ref> Mu kitundu kino ebiyiriro bimanyiddwa nga "Mosi-o-Tunya" oba "omukka ogubwatuka" mu lulimi Lozi oba Kololo. Ekibuga Livingstone, okumpi n'ebiyiriro, kiyitibwa erinnya lye. Emboozi ezikwata ku ŋŋendo ze zaali zimanyiddwa nnyo ne kiviirako abagenyi bangi okuva mu Bulaaya, abaminsani, n'abasuubuzi oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwe mu 1873.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627015544/https://www.cbt.gov.zm/?page_id=4385 |archive-date=27 June 2020 |website=The Provincial Administration Website}}</ref> '''Kampuni ya British South Africa Company''' Mu 1888, kampuni ya British South Africa Company (BSA Company), eyakulemberwa Cecil Rhodes, yafuna olukusa okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka okuva ku Litunga ow'abantu ba Lozi, omukulu w'essaza ly'abantu ba Lozi (Ba-rotse) mu kitundu ekyafuuka Barotziland-North-Western Rhodesia.<ref name="livingstone">{{cite web |author=Livingstone Tourism Association |title=Destination:Zambia&nbsp;– History and Culture |url=http://www.livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012153527/http://livingstonetourism.com/pages/history.htm |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> Ebuvanjuba, mu Gwekkumineebiri 1897 ekibinja ky’Abangoni oba Abangoni (abaasibuka mu Zululand) beekalakaasa nga bakulemberwa Tsinco, mutabani wa Kabaka Mpezeni, naye obujeemu bwakomezebwawo,<ref name="unam">{{cite web |author1=Human Rights |author2=Documentation Centre |name-list-style=amp |title=Zambia: Historical Background |url=http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311093653/http://www.hrdc.unam.na/zm_history.htm |archive-date=11 March 2007 |access-date=14 January 2011}}</ref> era Mpezeni n’akkiriza Pax Britannica. Ekitundu ky’eggwanga ekyo kyatandika okumanyibwa nga Rhodesia ey'omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba. Mu 1895, Rhodes yasaba omusikawutu wa Omumerika Frederick Russell Burnham okunoonya eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka n’engeri y’okulongoosaamu entambula y’emigga mu kitundu ekyo, era mu lugendo luno mwe mwazuulibwa Frederick Russell Burnham eby’obugagga eby’omu ttaka bingi ku mugga Kafue.<ref name="burnham1899">{{cite book |last=Burnham |first=Frederick Russell |author-link=Frederick Russell Burnham |year=1899 |title=Bulawayo Up-to-date; Being a General Sketch of Rhodesia |title-link=s:Northern Rhodesia |publisher=Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co. |editor-last=Wills |editor-first=Walter H. |pages=177–180 |chapter=Northern Rhodesia}}</ref> '''Obufuzi bw'amatwale ga Bungereza''' Mu 1953, okutondebwawo kwa Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland z'agatta wamu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono ne Rhodesia ey'Obukiikaddyo, ne Nyasaland (kati Malawi) ng’ekitundu kimu ekyetongodde. Kino kyakolebwa wadde nga waaliwo okuwakanyizibwa okuva mu bantu abatono, abaakola okwekalakaasa okwaliwo mu 1960–61.<ref name="infoplease">{{cite web |author=Pearson Education |title=Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation of |url=http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012231959/http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0841738.html |archive-date=12 October 2007 |access-date=29 October 2007}}</ref> '''Obwetwaaze''' Omukago gwasaanyizibwawo nga 31 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, era mu Gwoluberyeberye 1964, Kaunda yawangula akalulu k'Obwaminisita bwa Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono. Gavana w'amatwale, Sir Evelyn Hone, yali mukwano nnyo gwa Kaunda era yamukubiriza okwesimbawo ku kifo ekyo. Mangu ddala oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, waaliwo okwekalakaasa mu Bukiikakkono bw'eggwanga eryo eryali limanyiddwa nga Lumpa Uprising nga lyali liduumirwa Alice Lenshina – Kaunda's first internal conflict as leader of the nation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 May 2020 |title=Alice Lenshina |url=https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228081501/https://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/alicelenshinalumpa.htm |archive-date=28 February 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=The British Empire}}</ref> Rhodesia yafuuka Republic of Zambia nga 24 Ogwekkumi 1964, nga Kenneth Kaunda ye pulezidenti eyasooka. Ku kufuna obwetwaze, wadde nga yalina ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka ebingi, Zambia yasanga okusoomoozebwa okw'amaanyi. Munda mu ggwanga, waaliwo Abazambia abatendeke era abayivu abasukka mu 70,000 abaali basobola okuddukanya gavumenti, era ebyenfuna byali byesigamye nnyo ku bakugu okuva mu mawanga amalala. Obukugu buno bwaweebwa mu ngeri emu oba endala omubaka wa Bungereza mu Zambia John Willson.<ref>[http://www.chu.cam.ac.uk/archives/collections/BDOHP/Willson.pdf WILLSON, John Michael (born 15 July 1931)]{{Dead link|date=June 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}. BDOHP Biographical Details and Interview Index. chu.cam.ac.uk</ref> Waaliwo Abazungu abasukka mu 70,000 ababeera mu Zambia mu 1964, era baasigala nga ba mugaso nnyo mu byenfuna.<ref name="Zambia">{{Cite news|date=1964-10-25|title=1964: President Kaunda takes power in Zambia|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605125604/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/25/newsid_2658000/2658325.stm|archive-date=5 June 2013|access-date=2025-09-13|url-status=live|language=en-GB}}</ref> Kaunda okuwagira abayeekera ba Patriotic Front abaali bakola obulumbaganyi mu mawanga ag'omuliraano (Bukiikaddyo) Rhodesia kyaleetawo obunkenke mu by'obufuzi era ne kireetawo okukozesa amagye ku nsalo, era kino kyaviirako ensalo okuggalwa mu 1973.<ref name="blackfire">{{cite book |last=Raeburn |first=Michael |year=1978 |title=We are everywhere: Narratives from Rhodesian guerillas |url=https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-394-50530-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/weareeverywheren00raeb/page/1 1–209]}}</ref>Ebbibiro ly'amasannyalaze erya Kariba ku mugga Zambezi lyawa amasannyalaze agamala okukola ku byetaago by'eggwanga eby'amasannyalaze, wadde nga Rhodesia ye yali ekola ku by'amasannyalaze. Nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1978, ennyonyi ey'abantu ba bulijjo, Air Rhodesia Flight 825, yakubibwa amasasi okumpi ne Kariba abayeekera ba Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army (ZIPRA) abaakulemberwa Joshua Nkomo. Rhodesia yaddamu n'ekikwekweto kya Gatling, okulumba enkambi endala mu Zambia nga bakozesa amaanyi g'ennyonyi n'abajaasi abakugu mu kubuuka mu bbanga n'abajaasi abakugu mu kukozesa ennyonyi.<ref>{{cite web |title=GREEN LEADER. OPERATION GATLING, THE RHODESIAN MILITARY'S RESPONSE TO THE VISCOUNT TRAGEDY |url=http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125155440/http://www.helion.co.uk/new-and-forthcoming-titles/green-leader-operation-gatling-the-rhodesian-military-s-response-to-the-viscount-tragedy.html |archive-date=25 January 2017 |access-date=22 April 2017}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1970, Mozambique ne Angola zaali zifunye obwetwaze okuva ku Portugal. Gavumenti ya Rhodesia eyali esingamu abazungu, eyafulumya Ekirangiriro ky’Obwetwaze mu 1965, yakkiriza obufuzi obw’abantu abangi wansi w’Endagaano ya Lancaster House mu 1979.<ref name="zimstudy">{{cite book |last=Nelson |first=Harold |year=1983 |title=Zimbabwe: A Country Study |publisher=Claitors Publishing Division |isbn=978-0-16-001598-4 |pages=54–137}}</ref> Obukuubagano mu bitundu byombi ebyali bifugibwa Abapotigo n'olutalo lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwa [[Namibia]] byaviirako okuyingira kw'abanoonyi b'obubudamuera ne kyongera ku buzibu bw'ebyentambula. Oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Benguela, olwayita mu [[Angola]], lwaggalwawo ddala eri ebyentambula bya Zambia mu myaka gya 1970 egyali gisembayo. Zambia okuwagira ebibiina ebirwanyisa obusosoze mu mawanga nga African National Congress (ANC) era kyaleetawo obuzibu bw'ebyokwerinda ng'amagye ga South Africa Defence Force galumba ebifo ebitali bimu mu lutalo lw'okulwanyisa obwetwaze bwa Namibia.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Evans, M. |year=1984 |title=The Front-Line States, South Africa and Southern African Security: Military Prospects and Perspectives |url=http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/Journal%20of%20the%20University%20of%20Zimbabwe/vol12n1/juz012001002.pdf |journal=Zambezia |volume=12 |page=1}}</ref> '''Ebizibu by'ebyenfuna''' Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1970, omuwendo gwa kkopa, ekyamaguzi ekikulu ekiva mu Zambia, gwasereba nnyo mu nsi yonna. Mu mbeera ya Zambia, obungi bw'okutambuza kkopa eŋŋendo empanvu okutuuka mu katale kyali kizibu kinene. Zambia yasaba obuyambi okuva mu mawanga ag'ebweru n'ag'ensi yonna, naye, nga bbeeyi ya kkopa esigadde nga yasereba, kyeyongera okubeera ekizibu okusasula amabanja gaayo agaali geeyongera. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1990, wadde nga tewaaliwo kusonyiyibwa mabanja, ebbeyi ya kkopa eyali eva mu Zambia yali emu ku bintu ebyali bisinga okuba eby'ebbeeyi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia (12/08) |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625080205/https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/zambia/102331.htm |archive-date=25 June 2020 |access-date=27 May 2020 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> '''Okukola ku nsonga z'abantu''' Mu Gwomukaaga 1990, obwegugungo obwali buwakanya Kaunda bwatandika era abeekalakaasi bangi battibwa gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 May 2020 |title=About Zambia |url=http://www.psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509233410/http://psp-ltd.com/zam_stat_eng.htm |archive-date=9 May 2016 |access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bartlett |first=David M. C. |date=2000 |title=Civil Society and Democracy: A Zambian Case Study |journal=Journal of Southern African Studies |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=429–446 |doi=10.1080/030570700750019655 |issn=0305-7070 |jstor=2637411 |s2cid=143480603}}</ref>Mu 1990, Kaunda yawona okulumbibwa amagye, era mu 1991, yakkiriza okuzzaawo enfuga ey'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, oluvannyuma lw'okussaawo enfuga ey'ekibiina ekimu wansi w'akakiiko ka Choma aka 1972. Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, Kaunda yaggyibwa mu woofiisi oluvannyuma lw'okuwangulwa mu kulonda kw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi Frederick Chiluba. Mu myaka gya 2000, ebyenfuna byanywerera, ne bituuka ku kweyongera kw'ebbeeyi y'ebintu mu 2006–2007, okweyongera kw'ebyenfuna, okukendeera kw'amagoba, n'okweyongera kw'omutindo gw'ebyobusuubuzi. Bingi ku kukulaakulana kuno kuvudde ku kusiga ensimbi okuva ebweru mu by'okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka n'okweyongera kw'emiwendo gy'ekikomo mu nsi yonna. Bino byonna byaleetera Zambia okusikirizibwa ennyo abagabi b'obuyambi era ne kireetera abasiga nsimbi okwongera okwesiga eggwanga lino. == Ebyobufuzi == Ebyobufuzi mu Zambia bitambulira mu nkola ey'omukulembeze w'eggwanga omukiise mu demokulasiya ow'eggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo, omukulembeze wa Zambia y'akulira eggwanga era akulira gavumenti mu ggwanga eririmu abantu ab'enjawulo. Gavumenti ekozesa obuyinza obw'okuteeka mu nkola, ate obuyinza obw'okukola amateeka buweebwa gavumenti ne paalamenti. Zambia yafuuka repubuliki oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu Gwekkumi 1964. Okuva mu 2011 okutuuka mu 2014, pulezidenti wa Zambia yali Michael Sata, okutuusa Sata lwe yafa nga 28 Ogwekkumi 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zambian President Michael Sata dies in London - BBC News|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705073526/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-29813612|archive-date=2017-07-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=BBC News|language=en-GB}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Sata, omumyuka wa pulezidenti Guy Scott, Omuzambia ow'ensibuko y'Abasikawutu, yafuuka omukungu akola nga pulezidenti. Okulonda kwa pulezidenti kwaliwo nga 22 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015. Omugatte gw’abantu 11 abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti be beesimbawo mu kulonda era nga 24 Ogwoluberyeberye 2015, kyalangirirwa nti Edgar Chagwa Lungu yali awangudde okulonda okufuuka pulezidenti ow’omukaaga. Yawangula ebitundu 48.33% eby’obululu, ng’obululu 1.66% bwali bumusinga ku munnabyabufuzi akyasinze okuvuganya gavumenti, Hakainde Hichilema, eyafuna ebitundu 46.67%.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Defence Minister Lungu wins Zambia's disputed presidential race|url=http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305065726/http://news.yahoo.com/defence-minister-edgar-lungu-wins-zambia-vote-203552285.html|archive-date=2016-03-05|access-date=2025-09-13|work=Yahoo News|language=en-US}}</ref>Abantu abalala mwenda abaali beesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti baafuna obululu obutaweza na bitundu 1% ku bululu bwonna. Mu kulonda pkwaliwo mu Gwomunaana 2016 Zambian general election pulezidenti Edgar Lungu yawangula okulonda okw’omulundi ogw’okubiri. Omukago ogutaba ebibiina by’ebyobufuzi ogwa Patriotic Front (PF) gwagaana ebyali byogerwa ab’oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, UPND party.<ref name="bbc-15aug2016">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|title=Zambia's President Edgar Lungu declared election winner|work=BBC News|date=15 August 2016|access-date=17 May 2021|archive-date=26 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211026223033/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-37086365|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021, okwalimu abalonzi 70% ku abo abaali basuubirwa, Hakainde Hichilema yawangula ebitundu 59% eby’obululu, ng’omuvuganya we eyali asingayo okuba ow’amaanyi, Edgar Chagwa Lungu, eyali pulezidenti mu kiseera ekyo, yafuna ebitundu 39% eby’obululu.<ref name="zm-elec-39">{{Cite news|url=https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm|title=Presidential Election Results|work=Electoral Commission of Zambia|date=16 August 2021|access-date=27 December 2021|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102194510/https://zambiaelections2021.org.zm/}}</ref> Nga 16 Ogwomunaana Edgar Lungu yakkiriza mu kiwandiiko kye yafulumya ku ttivi, ng’aweereza ebbaluwa era ng’ayozayoza pulezidenti omulonde Hakainde Hichilema.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2021-08-16|title=Zambia election: Hakainde Hichilema beats President Edgar Lungu|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|access-date=2021-08-16|archive-date=24 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824152003/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-58226695|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite tweet|last=Kabwe|first=Zitto|author-link=Zitto Kabwe|user=zittokabwe|number=1426967254986629126|date=15 August 2021|title=#Zambia President @EdgarCLungu has conceded in a letter sent to now president elect @HHichilema of @UPNDZM. Once again Zambia has shown the world the level of its democratic maturity. Peaceful transfer of power is happening for third time in history. Congratulations Zambians|language=en|access-date=30 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827180204/https://twitter.com/zittokabwe/status/1426967254986629126|archive-date=27 August 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> Nga 24 Ogwomunaana 2021, Hakainde Hichilema yalayizibwa nga pulezidenti wa Zambia omuggya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2021 |title=Zambia's Hakainde Hichilema sworn in as President in rare victory for an African opposition leader |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116213703/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/08/24/africa/zambia-president-hichilema-inauguration-intl/index.html |archive-date=16 November 2021 |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref> '''Amaggye''' Mu 2019, Zambia yassa omukono ku ndagaano ya UN ekwata ku Kuziyiza eby'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa ebya Nukiriya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2017 |title=Chapter XXVI: Disarmament&nbsp;– No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons |url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806220546/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&chapter=26&clang=_en |archive-date=6 August 2019 |access-date=18 October 2019 |publisher=United Nations Treaty Collection}}</ref> '''Amateeka n'eddembe ly'obuntu''' Gavumenti evunaanye abavumirira nga bakozesa ebigambo by'amateeka nti baali bawabya abantu. Amateeka agakwata ku kuwandiika ebintu ebikyamu gakozesebwa okukugira eddembe ly'okwogera ne bannamawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2015 |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225030706/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204181 |archive-date=2021-02-25 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=2009-2017.state.gov}}</ref> Ebikolwa eby'okweganza wakati w'abantu ab'ekikula ekimu kimenya mateeka eri abasajja n'abakazi mu Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 May 2016 |title=State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition |url=http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170902183618/http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |archive-date=2 September 2017 |access-date=29 July 2017 |website=[[International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Daniel|last=Avery|title=71 Countries Where Homosexuality is Illegal|url=https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|work=Newsweek|date=4 April 2019|access-date=18 August 2019|archive-date=11 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211204842/https://www.newsweek.com/73-countries-where-its-illegal-be-gay-1385974|url-status=live}}</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2010 kwalaga nti ebitundu 2% ebya Bannansi ba Zambia bakitwala nti okulya ebisiyaga tekirina buzibu bwonna ku mpisa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Meyer |first1=Birgit |date=2021 |title=What Is Religion in Africa? Relational Dynamics in an Entangled World |journal=Journal of Religion in Africa |publisher=Brill |volume=50 |issue=1–2 |pages=156–181 |doi=10.1163/15700666-12340184 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2019, kyategeezebwa nti Omubaka wa Amerika mu Zambia Daniel Lewis Foote "yakwatibwa ensisi" olw'engeri Zambia gy'ekuumamu abalyi b'ebisiyaga mu makomera. Oluvannyuma lw'okujulira ne kulema era nga n'abafumbo bano Japhet Chataba ne Steven Samba baasalirwa ekibonerezo kya kusibibwa emyaka 15 mu makomera, Foote yasaba gavumenti ya Zambia okuddamu okwekenneenya omusango guno n'amateeka ga Zambia agalwanyisa ebisiyaga. Foote yafuna obuzibu era n'asazaamu okujja mu bantu oluvannyuma lw'okutiisibwatiisibwa ku mikutu gya yintaneeti, era oluvannyuma lw'okulangirirwa Lungu nti y'omuntu ataagalwa mu ggwanga eryo.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 December 2019 |title=US recalls ambassador to Zambia after gay rights row |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231195603/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-50901537 |archive-date=31 December 2019 |access-date=12 January 2020 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 2026, gavumenti ya Zambia yavumirirwa olw'okwongezaayo olukiiko olw'amaanyi olw'ensi yonna olw'eddembe ly'obuntu, RightsCon, ennaku musanvu zokka nga tezinnatuuka okubeerawo mu Lusaka. Olukiiko olwo oluvannyuma lwasazibwamu oluvannyuma lw'okumanya nti gavumenti ya Zambia yali esaba, kirabika nga kya kusaba kw'abakungu ba China, okulungamya n'okuggyako aboogezi okuva e Taiwan. Abakugu baayogedde ku kweraliikirira olw'okulondoola n'okweyongera kw'obulabe eri ebitongole by'obwanakyewa.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gault ·|first1=Matthew|title=World's Largest Digital Human Rights Conference Suddenly Canceled|url=https://www.404media.co/rightscon-human-rights-conference-suddenly-postponed/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=404 Media|date=29 April 2026|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Elliott|first1=Vittoria|title=The Chinese Government Just Got the World's Largest Digital Rights Conference Canceled|url=https://www.wired.com/story/the-chinese-government-pressured-zambia-to-cancel-the-worlds-largest-digital-rights-conference/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Wired|date=1 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Hendrix|first1=Justin|title=RightsCon Canceled After Zambia Requires 'Full Alignment' With 'National Values'|url=https://www.techpolicy.press/rightscon-canceled-after-zambia-requires-full-alignment-with-national-values/|access-date=1 May 2026|work=Tech Policy Press|date=30 April 2026|language=en}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo by'abantu''' Okusinziira ku kubala abantu okwa 2022 mu Zambia, omuwendo gw'abantu mu Zambia gwali 19,610,769.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia's Population up to 19,610,769 in 2022 from 13,092,666 in 2010 – Zambia Statistics Agency |url=https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305022051/https://www.zamstats.gov.zm/population-size-by-sex-and-rural-urban-zambia-2022/ |archive-date=5 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-27 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ebibinja by'abantu ebisinga obunene mu Zambia beebo abayitibwa Bemba obukadde 3.3 (33.6%), Nyanja obukadde 1.8 (18.2%), Tonga obukadde 1.7 (16.8%), Abantu ab’omu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba 1,000,000 (10.3%), Abalozii (Barotse) 770,000 (7.8%), Abamabwe 580,000 (5.9%), Abatumbuka 500,000 (5.1%), Abalamba 165,000 (2%), Abayindi 11,900 n’Abazungu 6,200.<ref>{{cite journal |date=2 November 2023 |title=Zambia |url=https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230909114747/https://minorityrights.org/country/zambia/ |archive-date=9 September 2023 |access-date=6 March 2024 |website=minorityrights.org}}</ref> Zambia y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubeeramu abantu mu bibuga mu Afirika eri wansi wa Sahara, ng'ebitundu 44% eby'abantu babeera mu bitundu ebisinga okubeeramu entambula, so ng'ate ebyalo birimu abantu batono nnyo. Omuwendo gw'abaana abazaalibwa gwali 6.2 mu 2007 (6.1 mu 1996, 5.9 mu 2001–02).<ref>{{cite web |title=Welcome to the Official site of Zambian Statistics |url=http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113144454/http://www.zamstats.gov.zm/surveys/zdhs.php |archive-date=13 November 2014 |access-date=11 April 2014 |publisher=Zamstats.gov.zm}}</ref> '''Ebibuga ebisinga obunene''' Okutandika kw'okuyiikuula ekikomo mu makolero ku Copperbelt mu myaka gya 1920 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga. Wadde ng'okukulaakulana kw'ebibuga kwali kuteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, kyali kinene nnyo.[1] Ebibuga ebikolebwamu eby'obugagga ku Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali eteeberezebwa nnyo mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale, yali nnene nnyo.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Potts |first=Deborah |date=2005 |title=Counter-urbanisation on the Zambian Copperbelt? Interpretations and implications |journal=Urban Studies |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=583–609 |bibcode=2005UrbSt..42..583P |doi=10.1080/00420980500060137 |s2cid=154412136}}</ref> Ebibuga ebirimu ebirombe bya Copperbelt mu kaseera katono byali bisukkulumye ku bibuga ebyalimu abantu era ne byeyongera okukulaakulana amangu oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga ga Zambia. Okukendeera kw'ebyenfuna ku Copperbelt okuva mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu myaka gya 1990 egyaggwaako kyaleetawo enkulaakulana y'ebibuga. Wadde ng'enkulaakulana y'ebibuga yali y'etoloolera ku gaali z'omukka n'enguudo okuyita mu Bukiikaddyo bwe bironbe bya kkoppa okuyita mu Kapiri Mposhi, Lusaka, Choma ne Livingstone. '''Ebibinja by'abantu''' Zambia elimu ebika nga 73,<ref name="BritannicaPeople">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="epr">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> wadde mu nkola waliwo ebibinja ebitono ebirabika obulungi.[2] Abazambia abasinga boogera Olubantu.<ref name="epr2">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ebibinja ebisinga obunene mu lulimi bye Bemba, Nyanja (era ekiyitibwa Chewa), ne Tonga; ebibinja ebirala ebitali binene nnyo bye Kaonde, Lozi, Luanda, ne Luvale.[2]<ref name="epr" /> Mu 2010, omuwendo gw'abantu gwateeberezebwa okuba ebitundu 21% Bemba, ebitundu 13.6% Tonga, ebitundu 7.4% Chewa, ebitundu 5.7% Lozi, ebitundu 5.3% Nsenga, ebitundu 4.4% Tumbuka, ebitundu 4.0% Ngoni, ne 38.6% abalala.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Bemba kye kisinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkono, Luapula, ne Copperbelt; ekibinja kya Tonga mu bitundu by'Obukiikaddyo, n'eby'Obugwanjuba; n'ekibinja kya Lozi mu bitundu by'Obugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ekibinja kya Tumbuka ekitono ennyo kisangibwa mu kiwonvu kya Luangwa mu Buvanjuba.[2] Tewali kibinja ky'abantu aboogera olulimi olumu abasinga obunene mu bitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" /> Ebitundu by'Obukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba tebirimu bantu bangi nnyo.<ref name="epr3">{{cite web |author=GROWup – Geographical Research On War, Unified Platform |title=Ethnicity in Zambia |url=https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083438/https://growup.ethz.ch/atlas/Zambia |archive-date=21 March 2023 |access-date=1 November 2018 |publisher=ETH Zurich}}</ref> Ng’oggyeko olulimi, obuwangwa bukulu mu Zambia.<ref name="epr3" />Obuwangwa buno batera okubukwataganya n’obwesigwa bw’amaka oba n’ab’obuyinza eb'ennono. Obuwangwa buno busengekeddwa mu bibinja by’ennimi ebikulu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Posner |first=Daniel N. |date=2005-06-06 |title=Institutions and Ethnic Politics in Africa |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-83398-1 |language=en |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511808661 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230321083432/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-and-ethnic-politics-in-africa/696855CDE1BDD865EA1254D0A3843B82 |archive-date=2023-03-21}}</ref> Abagwiira, okusingira ddala Abangereza oba Aba South Afrika, wamu n'abamu ku bannansi ba Zambia abeeru Abazungu abava mu Bungereza, babeera nnyo mu Lusaka ne mu Copperbelt mu Bukiikakkono bwa Zambia, gye baba nga bakola mu birombe, mu by'ensimbi n'emirimu emirala egifaananako bwe gityo oba nga bawummudde. Waaliwo Abazungu 70,000 mu Zambia mu 1964, naye bangi okuva olwo bavudde mu ggwanga.<ref name="Zambia" /> Zambia erina abantu abatono naye nga balina omugaso mu byenfuna abava mu Asia, abasinga obungi ku bo Buhindi ne Bachina. Ekibinja kino eky’abantu abatono ky'ekikyasinze okufuga eby’enfuna nga kye kikola ku by’okutunda ebintu. Kiteeberezebwa nti Abachina nga 80,000 be baali babeera mu Zambia mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ZAMBIA: Zambians wary of |url=http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910230935/http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=61640 |archive-date=2011-09-10 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=IRINnews}}</ref> Mu myaka egiyise, ebikumi n’ebikumi by’abalimi abazungu abaali bagobeddwa mu Zimbabwe baasengukira e Zambia oluvannyuma lw’okuyitibwa gavumenti ya Zambia, okutandika okulima mu matwae g'omu Bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zim's Loss, Zam's gain: White Zimbabweans making good in Zambia|date=June 2004|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=28 August 2009|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215085211/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-123518400.html|archive-date=15 February 2011}}</ref><ref name="Spiegel">{{Cite news|title=Settling in Zambia: Zimbabwe's Displaced Farmers Find a New Home|last=Thielke|first=Thilo|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|date=27 December 2004|access-date=28 August 2009|periodical=[[Der Spiegel]]|archive-date=19 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619050250/http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,334756,00.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwalebwa ku banoonyi b'obubuddamu mu 2009 ekyakubibwa akakiikio ka America akavunanyizibwa ku banoonyi b'obubudamu n'abagwiira eka U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, Zambia yalina omuwendo gw’abanoonyi b’obubudamu n’abanoonya obubudamu nga bali 88,900. Abanoonyi b’obubudamu abasinga obungi mu ggwanga baava mu Democratic Republic of the Congo (ababundabunda 47,300 okuva mu DRC ng'ababeera mu Zambia mu 2007), Angola (27,100 Bannangola Zambia), Zimbabwe (5,400) ne Rwanda (4,900).<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009">{{cite news|title=World Refugee Survey 2009|publisher=U.S. Committee for Refugees and Immigrants|url=http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211175633/http://www.refugees.org/resources/refugee-warehousing/archived-world-refugee-surveys/2009-wrs-country-updates/zambia.html|archive-date=11 December 2013}}</ref> Bannansi ba Zambia okutwaliza awamu baaniriza abagwira. Okutandika mu Gwokutaano 2008, omuwendo gw'Abazimbabwe mu Zambia gwatandika okulinnya ennyo; okuyingira kwali kusinga kw'Abazimbabwe abaali babeera mu South Africa abaali badduka obutabanguko obwali mu ggwanga eryo.<ref name="IRIN">{{Cite news|title=Zambia: Rising levels of resentment towards Zimbabweans|date=9 June 2008|access-date=7 August 2023|periodical=[[The New Humanitarian|IRIN News]]|url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news/2008/06/09/rising-levels-resentment-towards-zimbabweans|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090930005909/http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=78648|archive-date=2009-09-30}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Kumpi abanoonyi b'obubudamo 60,000 babeera mu nkambi mu Zambia, ate 50,000 babeera mu bantu ba bulijjo. Abanoonyi b'obubudamo abaagala okukola mu Zambia balina okusaba olukusa saako n'ebiwandiiko ebikukkiriza okukola nga bino biyinza okutwala ddoola 500 buli mwaka.<ref name="World Refugee Survey 2009" /> '''Eddiini''' Zambia mu butongole "eggwanga ery'Ekiikuristaayo" wansi wa Ssemateeka w'eggwanga owa 1996, naye essa ekitiibwa mu kukuuma eddembe ly'eddiini n'okusinza.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 June 2008 |title=Constitution of Zambia, 1991(Amended to 1996) |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105055544/http://www.scribd.com/doc/3713564/Constitution-of-Zambia-1991Amended-to-1996 |archive-date=5 November 2012 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Scribd.com}}</ref> Zambia lye ggwanga lyokka mu Afirika erirangirira Obukristaayo ng'eddiini y'eggwanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Haynes |first=N. |date=2021 |title=Taking Dominion in a Christian Nation: North American Political Theology in an African Context |journal=Pneuma |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=214–232 |doi=10.1163/15700747-bja10036 |hdl=20.500.11820/48b556a6-cf81-4058-bf5b-894934a35ca0 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ekitongole kya Zambia ekivunaanyizibwa ku kubala abantu ekya Zambia Statistics Agency mu 2022 kyabalirira nti 98.0% ku Bannazambia Bakristaayo, nga 74.5% Bapulotesitanti, 17.9% Bakatoliki ate 5.6% Bajulirwa ba Yakuwa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2025-07-24 |title=RELIGIOUS LANDSCAPE OF ZAMBIA: AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF THE 2022 CENSUS FINDINGS |url=https://www.amulufeblog.com/2025/07/religious-landscape-of-zambia.html |access-date=2026-02-12 |website=Amulufeblog |language=en}}</ref> Enzikiriza z'ekikulisitaayo mu Zambia mulimu Apolotesitante, Abavangelika saako n'Abapentecoote.<ref name=":1" /> Obukristaayo bwatuuka mu Zambia okuyita mu bufuzi bw'amatwale obw'Abazungu, era enjawulo yaakyo ey'ebibiina eby'enjawulo eraga enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'obuminsani; okugeza, Obukatoliki bwava mu Mozambique ey'Abaportugalezi mu Buvanjuba, so ng'Obulokole bwava mu Bungereza mu Bukiikaddyo. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani ebirala okuva mu bitundu by'ensi ebitali bimu, naddala Amerika ey'Obukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Mu byasa ebyaddirira, emirimu gy'obuminsani egy'Abazungu egyaddira abakkiriza ab'omu kitundu (okuggyako ebifo ebimu eby'obuminsani, gamba ng'abasawo). Oluvannyuma lwa Frederick Chiluba, Omukulisitaayo Omukristaayo, okufuuka pulezidenti mu 1991, ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu byeyongera nnyo okwetooloola Zambia okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze mu 1964, Zambia yalaba okweyongera okw'amaanyi okw'ebibiina by'obuminsani eby'Abazungu okuva mu bitundu by'ensi eby'enjawulo, naddala Amerika ow'ebukiikakkono ne Bugirimaani.<ref name="pentecostal">{{cite book |last=Steel |first=Matthew |year=2005 |title=Pentecostalism in Zambia: Power, Authority and the Overcomers |publisher=University of Wales |id=MSc Dissertation}}</ref> Eddiini z'Ekikristaayo ezimu ezirina abagoberezi batono mu nsi yonna zimanyiddwa nnyo mu Zambia. Eggwanga lino lirina abantu abawerako ab'enzikiriza y'eki Adiventi nga mu bibala ku Bazambia 18 osangamu 1 omu Adiventi.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 October 2012 |title=Zambia Union Conference&nbsp;– Adventist Directory |url=http://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427045842/https://www.adventistdirectory.org/ViewAdmField.aspx?AdmFieldID=ZAUM |archive-date=27 April 2023 |access-date=18 December 2012 |publisher=Adventistdirectory.org}}</ref> Ekkanisa y'Abalokole eya Central Africa erimu abagoberezi abasukka mu 11,000 mu ggwanga.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lutheran Church of Central Africa: Zambia |url=http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131193035/http://www.celc.info/site/cpage.asp?sec_id=180010197&cpage_id=180031341 |archive-date=31 January 2017 |publisher=Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference}}</ref> Abantu abasukka mu bitundu 12 ku buli kikumi mu Zambia basabira mu Kkanisa ya New Apostostoc Church.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hayashida |first=Nelson Osamu |date=1999 |title=Dreams in the African Literature: The Significance of Dreams and Visions Among Zambian Baptists |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36 |publisher=Rodopi |isbn=978-90-420-0596-9 |language=en |access-date=3 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518182155/https://books.google.com/books?id=CkNC6-Wmga4C&q=One+in+11+Zambians+is+a+member+of+the+New+Apostolic+Church&pg=PA36#v=snippet&q=One%20in%2011%20Zambians%20is%20a%20member%20of%20the%20New%20Apostolic%20Church&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Nga balina abagoberezi abasukka mu kakadde kamu mu emitwalo abiri, eggwanga lirimu ekibiina ky'Abaseveniside ekisinga obunene mu Afirika, okuva ku bantu abasukka mu bukadde mwenda mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Membership figures of the global Church as at the end of 2009: New Apostolic Church International (NAC) |url=http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626032545/http://www.nak.org/news/naci-news/article/16710/ |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=26 May 2020 |website=www.nak.org}}</ref> Abantu nga 2.7% ku Bannazambia Basiraamu, abasinga obungi nga Basunni n’abalala abatonotono nga Abaismaili ne Twelver Shia.<ref name="2023RIRF">{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2023-report-on-international-religious-freedom/zambia/ |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=United States Department of State |language=en-US}}</ref> Abasiraamu abali mu Zambia, abalina okubalibwa okw’omulundi ogumu nga 100,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, bazingiramu abanoonyi b’obubudamu okuva e Congo ne [[Somalia]], awamu n’abagwiira okuva mu South Asia ne mu ddungu ly'ebuwalabu abafuuse Bannazambia.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> Abahindu, abasinga obungi nga ba South Asian ancestry, baali nga 10,000 okusinziira ku kuteebereza okumu okwakolebwa, mu 2019.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> Ku ntikko y'akyo mu myaka gya 1960, Abayudaaya abaali mu Zambia abaali bawerera ddala 10,000 ng'abasinga baali basibuka mu Lithuania, Latvia ne Bugirimaani,<ref>{{cite web |last=Tutton |first=Mark |date=19 January 2012 |title=The forgotten story of Zambia's Jewish settlers |url=https://www.cnn.com/2012/01/19/world/africa/zambia-jewish-history/index.html |access-date=17 February 2025 |work=CNN}}</ref>okuva mu 2012 baali batono ddala okusinga Abazambia Abayudaaya ng'abasinga ku bbo baali bawangalira mu Lusaka mu matwale g'Obukiikakkono. Mu Zambia mulimu abantu batono ab'enzikiriza ya Baha ne Buddhists saako ne Sikhs.<ref name="2023RIRF" /> '''Ennimi''' Omuwendo omutuufu ogw'ennimi za Zambia tegumanyiddwa, wadde ng'ebiwandiiko bingi bigamba nti Zambia erina ennimi 73 ez’enjawulo; omuwendo guno guyinza okuba nga guva ku butawulira njawulo wakati w’ennimi n’ebigambo ebikozesebwa eby'enjawulo, nga basinziira ku kuba nti abantu basobola okutegeeragana nga boogera ennimi ez’enjawulo. Okusinziira ku kino, omuwendo gw’ennimi za Zambia guyinza okuba nga guli wakati wa 20 oba 30.<ref name="Chanda, Vincent M., and, Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. 2013 1–173">{{Cite book |author1=Chanda, Vincent M. |year=2013 |title=Speak Zambian Languages: Phrase Book in Bemba, Kaonde, Lozi, Luvale, Lunda, Nyanja and Tonga, all in one |author2=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson |publisher=UNZA Press |isbn=978-9982-03-073-1 |location=Lusaka, Zambia |pages=1–173}}</ref> Olulimi olutongole mu Zambia lwe Lungereza, olukozesebwa mu bizinensi entongole, eby'enjigiriza, n’amateeka.<ref name="BritannicaPeople" />Olulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu Zambia, naddala mu Lusaka, lwe Lunyaanja (Chewa), oluddako Bemba. Mu birombe bya koppa, Bemba lwe lulimi olusinga okwogerwa era oluddako Nyanja. Olunyaanja n’Olubemba bye byogerwa mu bitundu eby’omu bibuga, okugatta ku nnimi endala eza wano ezaatera okwogerwa mu Zambia. Zino mulimu Lozi, Tumbuka, Kaonde, Tonga, Lunda ne Luvale, ezaalagibwa ku Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC) mu kitundu ky’ennimi za wano.<ref name="BritannicaPeople2">{{Cite web |title=Zambia – People |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambia/People |access-date=1 October 2024 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Chanda, Vincent M., and, Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. 2013 1–1732">{{Cite book |author1=Chanda, Vincent M. |year=2013 |title=Speak Zambian Languages: Phrase Book in Bemba, Kaonde, Lozi, Luvale, Lunda, Nyanja and Tonga, all in one |author2=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson |publisher=UNZA Press |isbn=978-9982-03-073-1 |location=Lusaka, Zambia |pages=1–173}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. |year=2015 |title=The State of Affairs of Cultural Literacy in Zambia's Multicultural Education System. In A. L. Jotia and J. Dudu (Ed.), Multicultural Education Discourses: Breaking Barriers of Exclusion in Selected African Contexts |publisher=Zebra publishing (Pty) LTD |isbn=978-99945-84-99-4 |location=Windhoek, Namibia |pages=190–204}}</ref> Abasinga obungi bajja kwogera Olubemba n'Olunyanja mu Copperbelt; Olunyanja lusinga kwogerwa mu Lusaka ne mu Buvanjuba bwa Zambia. Oluzungu lukozesebwa mu mpuliziganya entongole era lwe lulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu maka mu bantu abava mu mawanga ag'enjawulo. Okumelukawo kuno mu nnimi ereetedde olulimi olwogerwa mu Lusaka ne mu bibuga ebirala ebikulu. Abasinga obungi mu Zambia batera okwogera ennimi ezisukka mu lumu: olulimi olutongole, Oluzungu, n'olulimi olusinga okwogerwa mu kibuga oba mu kitundu gye babeera. Olupotugo luyigirizibwa ng'olulimi olw'okubiri mu masomo g'essomero olw'okubeerawo kw'Abangereza aboogera Olupotugo abangi mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Actualités Afrique - Economie, sport, santé, politique |url=http://www.afriquejet.com/news/africa-news/zambia-to-introduce-portuguese-into-school-curriculum-2009041825794.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121208151924/http://www.afriquejet.com/news/africa-news/zambia-to-introduce-portuguese-into-school-curriculum-2009041825794.html |archive-date=2012-12-08 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.afriquejet.com |language=fr-fr}}</ref> '''Eby'enjigiriza''' Eddembe okufuna obuyigirize obwenkanankana era obumala eri bonna kikuumibwa mu ssemateeka wa Zambia.<ref>{{cite web |date=1996 |title=Laws of Zambia |url=http://www.parliament.gov.zm/acts/volumes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307105357/http://www.parliament.gov.zm/acts/volumes |archive-date=7 March 2016 |access-date=27 January 2016 |website=National Assembly of Zambia}}</ref> Etteeka ly’Obuyigirize erya 2011 likugira obuyigirize obwenkanankana era obw’omutindo.<ref>{{cite web |date=2011 |title=The Education Act (2011) |url=http://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/3324 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203063439/http://www.parliament.gov.zm/node/3324 |archive-date=3 February 2016 |access-date=27 January 2016 |website=National Assembly of Zambia}}</ref> Omutindo gw’obuyivu bw’olulimi Olungereza nga bwe gwali mu 2018 guli ebitundu 86.7%. Ensaasaanya ya gavumenti eya buli mwaka ku by'enjigiriza ebadde ya njawulo nnyo. Nga bwe kiri ebitundu ku mbalirira ya gavumenti, kyali ebitundu 19.6% mu 2006, ebitundu 15.3% mu 2011, n'ebitundu 20.2% mu 2015.<ref name="WorldBank_2015">{{cite report|author=<!--none listed-->|date=December 2015|title=Education Public Expenditure Review in Zambia|url=https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/431421468000590726/pdf/103870-PUB-PUBLIC-Education-Public-Expenditure-Review-in-Zambia.pdf|publisher=World Bank Group|page=36|access-date=2024-01-16|archive-date=16 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240116202228/https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/431421468000590726/pdf/103870-PUB-PUBLIC-Education-Public-Expenditure-Review-in-Zambia.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Okutuuka mu 2020, ensaasaanya ku by'enjigiriza yali ebitundu 3.7% ku GDP. '''Eby'obulamu''' Zambia eri mu kiseera ky’okubalukawo kw’ekirwadde kya mukenenya, ng’omuwendo gw’abantu abalina akawuka ka mukenenya mu ggwanga lyonna guli ebitundu 12.10 ku buli kikumi mu bantu abakulu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Country Comparisons—HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/hiv-aids-adult-prevalence-rate/country-comparison |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425032850/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/hiv-aids-adult-prevalence-rate/country-comparison/ |archive-date=25 April 2022 |access-date=19 June 2021 |work=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |location=Langley, Virginia}}</ref> Kyokka, eggwanga lino likoze enkyukakyuka mu myaka ekkumi egiyise: Omuwendo gw’abantu abalina akawuka ka mukenenya mu bantu abakulu abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 gukendedde okutuuka ku bitundu 13 ku buli kikumi mu 2013/14, bw’ogeraageranya n’ebitundu 16 ku buli kikumi emyaka nga kkumi emabega.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Children in Zambia |url=https://www.unicef.org/zambia/children-zambia |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626221920/https://www.unicef.org/zambia/children-zambia |archive-date=26 June 2020 |access-date=27 May 2020 |publisher=UNICEF |language=en}}</ref> Ebiva mu bujjanjabi ebirala nabyo enkyukayuka ez'akolebwa, newankubadde nga bikyali bibi nnyo okusinzila ku mutindo gw’ensi yonna. Omuwendo gw’abantu abafa nga bazaala guli 135 ku buli kikumi mu 2020 nga bagerageranya n’abantu 169 mu 2014 ne 296 mu 2007;<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia |url=https://genderdata.worldbank.org/en/economies/zambia#featured-indicators |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=World Bank Gender Data Portal |language=en}}</ref> mu myaka egyo emabega, omuwendo gw’abantu abafa nga bazaala guli 59.3 ku buli kikumi mu 2020 nga bagerageranya n’abantu 69.2 ne 93.3 mu 2014 ne 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) |url=https://genderdata.worldbank.org/en/indicator/sh-dyn-mort?view=trend&gender=total&geos=ZMB |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=www.worldbank.org}}</ref> == Eby'enfuna == Mu 2022, Zambia ezitowa wakati w'obuwumbi bwa doolo 7.5 n'ebuwumbi 8 obuva mu by'obusuubuzi ebitundibwa w'abweru w'eggwanga buli mwaka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International Trade Administration |date=2024-06-06 |title=Zambia - Market Overview |url=https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/zambia-market-overview |access-date=2024-06-23 |website=www.trade.gov |language=en}}</ref> Byonna awamu byali bibalirirwamu billiyooni doola 9.1 obuwumbi obw’ebintu ebifulumizibwa ebweru w'eggwanga mu 2018<ref>{{cite web |last1=Workman |first1=Daniel |title=Zambia's Top 10 Exports |url=http://www.worldstopexports.com/zambias-top-10-exports/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426214352/https://www.worldstopexports.com/zambias-top-10-exports/ |archive-date=26 April 2023 |access-date=10 February 2020 |website=World's Top Exports}}</ref>M u 2015, abantu nga 54.4% baali babeera wansi w’oekigerogkyobwavu mu ggwanga, nga guno gwalongooka okuva ku 60.5% mu 2010.[3] Obwavu mu byalo bwali ku bitundu 76.6% ate mu bibuga bwali ku bitundu 23.4%.[3] Omutindo gw’obwavu mu ggwanga gwali ZMK 214 (US$12.85) buli mwezi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Poverty & Equity Brief: Zambia |url=https://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/poverty/33EF03BB-9722-4AE2-ABC7-AA2972D68AFE/Global_POVEQ_ZMB.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240207110244/https://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/poverty/33EF03BB-9722-4AE2-ABC7-AA2972D68AFE/Global_POVEQ_ZMB.pdf |archive-date=7 February 2024 |access-date=30 Dec 2021}}</ref> Okusinziira okwakasembayo mu 2018 okwakolebwa United Nations Development Programme, abantu 47.9% beeyongera okukosebwa obwavu obwengerera ddala.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 August 2022 |title=Zambia - Agriculture |url=https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/zambia-agriculture |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240131162056/https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/zambia-agriculture |archive-date=31 January 2024 |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=International Trade Administration |language=en}}</ref> Zambia yali ku kifo kya 112 mu Index y’Ensi Yonna ey’Obuyiiya mu 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=GII Innovation Ecosystems & Data Explorer 2025 |url=https://www.wipo.int/gii-ranking/en/zambia |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=WIPO}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Dutta |first1=Soumitra |year=2025 |title=Global Innovation Index 2025: Innovation at a Crossroads |url=https://www.wipo.int/web-publications/global-innovation-index-2025/en/index.html |last2=Lanvin |first2=Bruno |publisher=[[World Intellectual Property Organization]] |isbn=978-92-805-3797-0 |page=19 |language=en |doi=10.34667/tind.58864 |access-date=2025-10-17}}</ref> Ebipimo by’abantu byeyongera okukka, naddala mu bipimo by’obulamu obusuubirwa ku kuzaalibwa (nga 40.9 emyaka) ne mu kufa kw’abakyala abali embuto (830 ku buli 100,000 abali embuto) mu 2007.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090303204041/http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/hdr_20072008_en_complete.pdf Human Development Report 2007/2008]. Palgrave Macmillan. 2007. {{ISBN|978-0-230-54704-9}}</ref> Mu 2023, obulamu obusuubirwa ku kuzaalibwa bwali bweyongeddeko okutuuka ku myaka nga 62.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Life expectancy at birth, total (years) - Zambia |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN?view=m&locations=ZM |access-date=2024-09-30 |website=World Bank Open Data}}{{Dead link|date=February 2026|bot=InternetArchiveBot}}</ref> Zambia yagwa mu bwavu oluvannyuma lw’emiwendo gya kkopa mu nsi yonna okukka mu myaka gya 1970. Gavumenti eyali ekulemberwa abantu abalina endowooza ez’enjawulo yagezaako okuzzaawo ssente ze yali efiiriddwa ng’eyita mu nteekateeka ez’enjawulo ezaali zitegekeddwa ekitongole ekya International Monetary Fund structural adjustment programmes (SAPs). Enkola ey’obutatunda ng’oyita mu kkubo erisinga okukozesebwa era nga lye kkubo ly’eggaali y’omukka erituuka ku nnyanja – ekitundu kino kyali kimanyiddwa nga Rhodesia (okuva mu 1965 okutuuka mu 1979), era nga kati kimanyiddwa nga Zimbabwe – kyafiiriza nnyo eby'enfuna. Oluvannyuma lw’obufuzi bwa Kaunda, (okuva mu 1991) gavumenti ez’enjawulo zaatandika okukola enkyukakyuka entonotono. Eby'enfuna byasigala mu kifo bizingamye kyabyo okutuusa mu myaka gya 1990. Mu 2007 Zambia kino yakiteeka ne mu biwandiiko anti eby'enfuna by'eggwanga byagwa okuva ku bitundu 30% okutuuka ku bitundu 8.9% mu 2000.<ref name="dos2009">{{cite web |title=Background Note: Zambia |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2359.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170122194627/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2359.htm |archive-date=22 January 2017 |access-date=21 May 2019 |publisher=Department of State}}</ref> Zambia ekyakola ku nsonga z'enkyukakyuka mu by'enfuna nga obunene bw'ebitongole bya gavumenti, n'okutumbula enkola ya Zambia mu bitongole by'abantu.<ref name="dos2009" /> Amateeka g'ebyenfuna n'okulwawo okusalawo kungi, n'obuli bw'enguzi bususse. Enkola y'obukulembeze mu Zambia ereetera abantu okukozesa enkola ezitali mu mateeka okusobola okufuna ebyetaago byabwe ebya bulijjo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Business Corruption in Zambia |url=http://www.business-anti-corruption.com/country-profiles/sub-saharan-africa/zambia/business-corruption-in-zambia.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140420184253/http://business-anti-corruption.com/country-profiles/sub-saharan-africa/zambia/business-corruption-in-zambia.aspx |archive-date=20 April 2014 |access-date=22 April 2014 |publisher=Business Anti-Corruption Portal}}</ref> Ebbanja lya Zambia lyonna awamu lisinga obuwumbi bwa ddoola 6 mu kiseera ekyo eggwanga lye lyali lisobola okufuna obuyambi bw'ensimbi okuva mu nteekateeka egenderera okuwola ensimbi eri amawanga agatawanyizibwa mu by'enfuna eya Highly Indebted Poor Country Initiative (HIPC) mu 2000, nga kino kyali kyesigamye ku kutuukiriza ebisaanyizo ebimu. Mu kusooka, Zambia yali esuubira okutuuka ku mutendera ogusembayo ogw'enteekateeka ya HIPC okusobola okufuna okusonyiyibwa ku bbanja lyayo 2003. Mu Gwoluberyeberye 2003, gavumenti ya Zambia yategeeza International Monetary Fund ne World Bank nti yali eyagala okuddamu okuteesa ku bimu ku bigobererwa mu kukola ssente nga basaba okuggyawo bbanka ya Zambia National Commercial Bank n’emikutu gy’amasimu n’amasannyalaze. Wadde nga baatuuka ku nzikiriziganya ku nsonga zino, okweyongera okusaasaanya ssente ku musaala gw’abakozi ba gavumenti n’okwongera ku muwendo gw’emisolo. Okwongera ku misolo n’okukendeeza ku musaala gw’abakozi ba gavumenti kyalemesa okwongeza ku musaala gwabwe n’okufuna emirimu emirala. Kino kyaleetawo okwekalakaasa mu ggwanga lyonna mu Gwokubiri 2004.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The World Bank and IMF's long shadow in Zambia's copper mines |url=http://www.eurodad.org/whatsnew/articles.aspx?id=2108 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090724213759/http://www.eurodad.org/whatsnew/articles.aspx?id=2108 |archive-date=2009-07-24 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.eurodad.org |language=en}}</ref> Gavumenti ya Zambia eri mu kunoonyereza ku nteekateeka ey'okukyusa mu by'enfuna okusobola okukendeeza ku kwesigama kw'ebyenfuna ku makolero ga kikomo. Enteekateeka eno eruubirira okukozesa ebintu ebirala ebiri mu by'obugagga bya Zambia nga bakulaakulanya eby'obulimi, eby'obulambuzi, okusima amayinja ag'omuwendo, n'amasannyalaze agakolebwa mu mazzi. Mu Gwoluberyeberye 2018, pulezidenti wa Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Edgar Lungu baassa omukono ku ndagaano 12 mu kibuga ekikulu Lusaka ku nsonga ez'enjawulo okuva ku by'obusuubuzi n'okusiga ensimbi okutuuka ku by'obulambuzi n'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Turkey and Zambia sign agreements to boost bilateral ties |url=https://www.trtworld.com/africa/turkey-and-zambia-sign-agreements-to-boost-bilateral-ties-19216 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730170605/https://www.trtworld.com/africa/turkey-and-zambia-sign-agreements-to-boost-bilateral-ties-19216 |archive-date=30 July 2018 |access-date=30 July 2018 |website=Turkey and Zambia sign agreements to boost bilateral ties |language=tr-TR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/turkey-zambia-sign-12-deals-to-boost-bilateral-ties/1216679|title=Turkey, Zambia sign 12 deals to boost bilateral ties|access-date=30 July 2018|archive-date=29 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729210403/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/turkey-zambia-sign-12-deals-to-boost-bilateral-ties/1216679|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka''' Okusima n'okutema amayinja byakola ebitundu nga 13.2% ku GDP ya Zambia mu 2019.<ref name="2019USGSMineralsYB">{{Cite web |title=Zambia (Advance Release), 2019 Minerals Yearbook |url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/myb/vol3/2019/myb3-2019-zambia.pdf |access-date=2025-09-13 |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey.}}</ref> Ebyenfuna bya Zambia byali byesigamye ku makolero agasima kkopa.<ref name="twsqt">{{cite journal |last=Sikamo |first=J. |year=2016 |title=Copper mining in Zambia - history and future |journal=Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy |publisher=Academy of Science of South Africa |volume=116 |issue=6 |pages=491–496 |bibcode=2016JSAIM.116....1S |doi=10.17159/2411-9717/2016/v116n6a1 |issn=2411-9717 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Amakolero gano gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti mu 1973; wansi w'obukulembeze bwa gavumenti, okufulumya kwakendeera nnyo<ref name="2016JSAIMM">{{Cite journal |last=Sikamo |first=J. |last2=Mwanza |first2=A. |last3=Mweemba |first3=C. |date=2016-06-01 |title=Copper mining in Zambia - history and future |url=http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S2225-62532016000600003&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en |journal=Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy |language=en |volume=116 |issue=6 |pages=491–496 |doi=10.17159/2411-9717/2016/v116n6a1 |issn=2225-6253 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okutunda emigabo mu 1996–2000, okusiga ensimbi, okufulumya, n'emirimu mu makolero g'ekikomo byeyongera.[3] Mu 2019, okutunda ekikomo mu mawanga amalala kwali ebitundu nga 69% ku muwendo gw'ebintu byonna ebyafulumizibwa mu Zambia ebyatundibwa mu mawanga amalala.<ref name="2016JSAIMM" /> Mu 2023, Zambia yali efulumya metric tons 698,000 eza kkopa.<ref name="TradingUnit">{{Cite news|date=2024-06-13|title=Zambia to set up mineral investment and trading unit|url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/zambia-set-up-mineral-investment-trading-unit-2024-06-12/|access-date=2025-09-13|work=Reuters|language=en}}</ref>Ye yali esinga mu kusima kkopa mu Afrika era nga ye yali esinga mu kusima kkopa mu nsi yonna, nga kino kyali kikola ebitundu 4% ku muwendo gya kkopa egyali kifulumizibwa mu nsi yonna.<ref name="2019USGSMineralsYB" /> Ebirombe bya kkopa mu Zambia birina omugabo ogusukka mu kimu kyakuna eky'ebintu eby'enkizo mu ggwanga (GDP) ate nga erina omugabo ogusukka mu kimu kyakusatu eky'ebintu eby'enkizo mu ggwanga (copper production).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Unlocking economic prosperity in the Zambian Copperbelt |url=https://www.theigc.org/sites/default/files/2024-02/23124%20Copperbelt%20Framing%20Paper_v5-WEB.pdf |access-date=2025-09-13 |publisher=[[International Growth Centre]]}}</ref> Ekitongole kya gavumenti ekya ZCCM Investments Holdings kirimu eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka bingi; kirina omugabo gwa bitundu 49% mu birombe bya kkopa e Mopani, ng'ebitundu 51% ebisigadde birina nannyini byo mu ddungu ly'ebuwalabu oba United Arab Emirates ng'eyita mu kkampuni ya International Holding Company.<ref name="TradingUnit" /> ZCCM erina emigabo mu by'obugagga eby'omu ttaka eby'ebitongole ebimanyiddwa nga Vedanta Resources ne First Quantum Minerals.<ref name="TradingUnit" />Olw'okuba eby'enfuna bya Zambia byesigamye nnyo ku by'amakolero ga copper, emiwendo gy'ensimbi z'eggwanga zigenda nga zikyukakyuka okusinziira ku miwendo gya copper.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why Zambia needs the AfCFTA {{!}} D+C - Development + Cooperation |url=https://www.dandc.eu/en/article/comparatively-small-economies-need-open-trade-drive-growth |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328103353/https://www.dandc.eu/en/article/comparatively-small-economies-need-open-trade-drive-growth |archive-date=2024-03-28 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.dandc.eu |language=en}}</ref> Gavumenti ya China, okuyita mu kkampuni ez'obwannannyini era nga kitundu ku nteekateeka yaayo eya Belt and Road Initiative, ekoze okusiga ensimbi okw'amaanyi mu mawanga amalala okuyita mu kuzimba amakolero, okutunda ebintu ebweru w'eggwanga, n'okukola bizineesi n'amawanga amalala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=China's Green Transition: Analysing Chinese Minerals Policy, and its Impact on Zambia |url=https://fhs.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1793363/FULLTEXT01.pdf |access-date=2025-09-13 |publisher=[[Försvarshögskolan]]}}</ref> Kkampuni ya China eyitibwa JCHX Mining erina obuyinza ku bitundu 80% mu birombe bya Lubambe Copper Mines eya Zambia, nga ZCCM erina ebitundu 20% ebisigaddeyo.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2024-07-11|title=Zambia says China's JCHX will invest $300 mln in Lubambe copper mine|url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/zambia-says-chinas-jchx-will-invest-300-mln-lubambe-copper-mine-2024-07-11/|access-date=2025-09-13|work=Reuters|language=en}}</ref> Embeera ez'obulabe abalombe ze bakoleramu, emisaala emitono n'okutulugunya abakozi mu kampuni za China bye bimu kunsonga ezaviirako obutakkanya mu by'obufuzi mu Zambia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=China's Bloody Frontier in Zambia |url=https://pulitzercenter.org/projects/chinas-bloody-frontier-zambia |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=Pulitzer Center |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cheshmi |first=Rouzbeh |date=2023-05-08 |title=Gk88 |url=https://gk88.casino/ |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=gk88.casino}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Smith|first=David|date=2011-11-03|title=Chinese mining firms in Zambia under fire for mistreating workers|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2011/nov/03/chinese-mining-zambia-mistreating-workers|access-date=2025-09-13|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Okwongereza ku kikomo, eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka ebisimibwa mu Zambia mulimu zaabu (ekirombe kye Kansanshi ), manganeeti (ekirombe kya Serenje), ne nikule (ekirombr kye Munali), awamu n'amayinja ag'omuwendo (okusingira ddala amayinja nga amethyst, beryl, emerald, ne tourmaline).<ref name="2019USGSMineralsYB" /> '''Eby'obulimi n'ebyobulunzi''' Obulimi n'obulunzi bikola omulimu munene nnyo mu by'enfuna bya Zambia nga biwa abantu bangi emirimu okusinga eby'okusima eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka. Omuwendo omutono ogw'abalimi abazungu ab'e Zimbabwe baanirizibwa mu Zambia oluvannyuma lw'okugobwa Robert Mugabe, nga mu kiseera ekyo baali bantu nga 150 okutuuka ku 300.<ref>{{citation|title=Zim's Loss, Zam's gain: White Zimbabweans making good in Zambia|date=June 2004|newspaper=The Economist|access-date=28 August 2009|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb5037/is_200406/ai_n18258193/}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=RjwilmsiBot}}</ref><ref>{{citation|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/21/world/zimbabwe-s-white-farmers-start-anew-in-zambia.html|periodical=[[The New York Times]]|date=21 March 2004|access-date=28 August 2009|title=Zimbabwe's White Farmers Start Anew in Zambia|last=LaFraniere|first=Shannon|archive-date=10 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510092649/http://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/21/world/zimbabwe-s-white-farmers-start-anew-in-zambia.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Baalima ebirime eby'enjawulo omuli taaba, eŋŋaano, ne kaamulali ku faamu eziteeberezebwa okuba nga ziri 150. Obukugu bwe baaleeta, nga bw'ogasse n'okuggulawo eby'enfuna mu Zambia wansi w'obukulembeze bw'omugenzi Levy Mwanawasa, kigambibwa nti kyaviirako okukulaakulana mu by'obulimi mu Zambia. Mu 2004, omulundi ogwasooka mu myaka 26, Zambia yaggya ebweru kasooli omungi okusinga ku gwe yaggya ebweru. Mu Ddesemba 2019, gavumenti ya Zambia yasalawo mu ngeri emu okusimba enjaga ya cannabis olw'obujanjabi n'okugitunda ebweru w'eggwanga.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambia legalizes cannabis, kind of |url=https://thegrowthop.com/cannabis-news/zambia-legalizes-cannabis-kind-of |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303193126/https://www.thegrowthop.com/cannabis-news/zambia-legalizes-cannabis-kind-of |archive-date=3 March 2021 |access-date=7 May 2021 |website=thegrowthop |language=en-CA}}</ref> '''Eby'obulambuzi''' Ebyobulambuzi byali ebitundu 5.8% ebya GDP ya Zambia mu 2021; ogwo gwe gwali omuwendo ogusinga obunene, ogwa 9.8%, ogwaliwo mu 2019.<ref name="ITA24">{{Cite web |date=2024-06-06 |title=Zambia - Travel and Tourism |url=https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/zambia-travel-and-tourism |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.trade.gov |language=en}}</ref> Eby'obulambuzi ebisinga obungi byali bikwata ku bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, naddala ebikwata ku Zambia's 20 national parks and 34 game management areas.<ref name="ITA24" /> Ekifo ky'obulambuzi ekisinga obunene, Victoria Falls, kifo ekiri ku lukalala lw'ebifo by'obulambuzi eby'ensi yonna (UNESCO World Heritage Site).<ref name="ITA24" /> Oludda lwa Zambia oluliko ekiyiira mu kkumiro ly'ebisolo erya Mosi-oa-Tunya awalala we guyiira guliraanya Zimbabwe. Livingstone eliraanaganye n'ekiyiira kya victoria kyafuuka ekifo eky'obulambuzi. Ebifo ebirala ebikuumibwamu ebisolo kuliko Luangwa ey'Obukiikakkona n'ey'aObukiikaddyo, Kafue n'oluwonvu wa Luiwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hayne |first=Tricia |date=2020-09-14 |title=The best national parks in Zambia |url=https://www.bradtguides.com/zambias-best-national-parks/ |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=Bradt Guides |language=en-GB}}</ref> Gavumenti ya Zambia ekulakulanyiza eby'obulambuzi eng'emu ku nkola y'okukulakulanya eby'enfuna naddala mu byaalo n'okukuuma obutonde. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Zibanai |first=Zhou |date=2014 |title=Southern Africa Tourism Industry: Recent Trends and Future Prospects |url=http://www.publishingindia.com/ijhts/24/southern-africa-tourism-industry-recent-trends-and-future-prospects/340/2481/ |url-status=live |journal=International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Systems |volume=7 |issue=2 |issn=0974-6250 |id={{ProQuest|1733224717}} |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028174752/http://www.publishingindia.com/ijhts/24/southern-africa-tourism-industry-recent-trends-and-future-prospects/340/2481/ |archive-date=28 October 2022 |access-date=17 June 2023}}</ref> '''Amasanyalaze''' Mu 2009, Zambia yakola amasannyalaze ga TWh 10.3 era ebaddeko omuwendo munene mu kukozesa amasannyalaze g’enjuba n’amasannyalaze g’ebiyiriro.<ref>{{cite web |title=Zambia |url=http://www.irena.org/REmaps/countryprofiles/africa/Zambia.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203044307/http://www.irena.org/REmaps/countryprofiles/africa/Zambia.pdf |archive-date=3 December 2013 |access-date=12 March 2018 |website=www.irena.org}}</ref> Kyokka, ku ntandikwa ya 2015, Zambia yatandika okufuna ebbula ly’amasannyalaze olw’enkuba etatonnya bulungi mu 2014/2015, ekyavaako amazzi amatono mu Kariba dam ne mu mabibiro amalala amanene.<ref>{{cite web |last=Chilufya Chanda |date=28 September 2016 |title=Zambia: ARTICLE 70 of the UPND Constitution is Inconsistent with the Republican Constitution, it should be deemed illegal |url=https://www.lusakatimes.com/2016/09/28/article-70-of-the-upnd-constitution-is-inconsistent-with-the-republican-constitution-it-should-be-deemed-illegal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170304193719/https://www.lusakatimes.com/2016/09/28/article-70-of-the-upnd-constitution-is-inconsistent-with-the-republican-constitution-it-should-be-deemed-illegal/ |archive-date=4 March 2017 |access-date=4 March 2017}}</ref> Mu Gwomwenda 2019, African Green Resources (AGR) yalangirira nti ejja kussaamu ddoola obukadde 150 mu faamu y’amasannyalaze g’enjuba ya megawaati 50, awamu n’ekidiba ky’okufukirira, era nga bajja kwongera ku busobozi bw’ebitereke by’ebirime okutuuka ku ttani 80,000.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-zambia-agriculture-idUSKCN1VU0ZU|title=Zambia farm input supplier plans to invest $150 million in farming|date=9 September 2019|work=Reuters|access-date=10 September 2019|language=en|archive-date=9 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190909213832/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-zambia-agriculture-idUSKCN1VU0ZU|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Eby'obuwamngwa''' Nga Zambia ey'omulembe tennaba kutandikawo, abantu baabeeranga mu mawanga ag'enjawulo, buli limu nga lirina engeri yaalyo ey'obulamu. Ekimu ku byava mu kiseera ky'amatwale kwe kukulaakulana kw'okubeera mu bibuga. Ebika by'abantu eby'enjawulo byatandika okubeera awamu mu bibuga ne mu bibuga ebikulu, nga kino kikyusa engeri gye babeeramu. Era baatandika okukkiriza ebintu ebimu eby'obuwangwa obw'ensi yonna, naddala mu ngeri gye bambalamu n'engeri gye beeyisaamu.<ref name="Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson., Simooya, Steriah Monica., and Monde, Pauline Namakau. 2019 1–206">{{Cite book |author1=Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson |year=2019 |title=Zambian Culture: Harnessing Cultural Literacy with a Focus on Myths and Taboos |author2=Simooya, Steriah Monica |author3=Monde, Pauline Namakau |publisher=UNZA Press |isbn=978-9982-03-105-9 |location=Lusaka, Zambia |pages=1–206}}</ref> Eby'obuwangwa bwa Zambia ebisinga obungi bikyaliwo mu byalo, n’obuwangwa obumu obuva ebweru nga Obukristaayo. Obuwangwa obukwata ku mawanga ag’enjawulo mu Zambia buyitibwa 'obuwangwa bwa Zambia' ate obulamu obw’awamu obukwata ku mawanga ag’enjawulo buyitibwa "obuwangwa bwa Zambia" kubanga bweyolekera mu Bannazambia kumpi bonna.<ref name="Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson., Simooya, Steriah Monica., and Monde, Pauline Namakau. 2019 1–206" /> Mu bibuga, waliwo okugattagatta n'okukulaakulana kw'ebyobuwangwa bino okusobola okuvaamu ekiyitibwa "obuwangwa bwa Zambia". Zambia ekola emikolo n’obulombolombo obw’enjawulo okuva ku mikolo gy’ennono egikkirizibwa eggwanga lyonna okutuuka ku mikolo egitakkirizibwa naye nga mikulu. Emikolo n’obulombolombo ebisinga obungi bikolebwa ku mikolo egy’enjawulo okujaguza oba okujjukira ebituukiddwako, ebijaguzo, okuyitawo kw’ebiseera, okutuuza ku nnamulondo n’emikolo gy’obwa pulezidenti, okutangirira n’okutukuza, okutikkirwa, okwewaayo, okulayira okuwagira, okuyingira obufumbo, okufumbirwa, okuziika, okuzaala n’emikolo emirala.<ref name="Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson., Simooya, Steriah Monica., and Monde, Pauline Namakau. 2019 1–206" /> Okufaananako amawanga ga Afirika agasinga obungi, Zambia ekola ku mikolo gyayo egy’olukale n’egyo egikolebwa mu kyama. Mu mikolo gy’olukale n’obulombolombo obukolebwa mulimu okulaga kalenda oba eby’obuwangwa eby’ebiseera ebigere, okulaga embeera, okulaga obulumi, okulagula, okutongoza, n’emikolo egya bulijjo.<ref name="Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson., Simooya, Steriah Monica., and Monde, Pauline Namakau. 2019 1–206" /> Emikolo egikolebwa mu kyama mulimu egyo egikolebwa mu kyama nga bannaddiini nga abasumba b’ekkanisa ya Nyau ne Nakisha abazinyi n’abawi b’amagezi ku bufumbo nga alangizi abakazi.<ref name="Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson., Simooya, Steriah Monica., and Monde, Pauline Namakau. 2019 1–206" /> Okutuuka mu Ddesemba 2016, Zambia yalina emikolo gyayo egy’olukale 77 egy’obuwangwa egimanyiddwa gavumenti, era omuwendo guno gujja kweyongera mu biseera eby’omumaaso.<ref name="Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson., Simooya, Steriah Monica., and Monde, Pauline Namakau. 2019 1–206" /> Emikolo egikolebwa mu kyama mulimu egyo egikolebwa mu kyama nga bannaddiini nga abasumba b’ekkanisa ya Nyau ne Nakisha abazinyi n’abawi b’amagezi ku bufumbo nga alangizi abakazi.<ref name="Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson., Simooya, Steriah Monica., and Monde, Pauline Namakau. 2019 1–206" /> Emikolo egibaawo buli mwaka mulimu Nc'wala, Kulonga, Kuomboka, Malaila, Nsengele, Chibwela kumushi, Dantho, Ntongo, Makundu, Lwiindi, Chuungu, ne Lyenya. Gino gye gimanyiddwa nga emikolo gy'obuwangwa bwa Zambia. Egimu ku gyo egisinga okumanyibwa gye gino: Kuomboka ne Kathanga (mu Buggwanjuba), Mutomboko (Luapula), Kulamba ne Ncwala (Buvanjuba), Lwiindi ne Shimunenga (Bukiikaddyo), Lunda Lubanza (Bukkiikakkonobwobugwanjuba), Likumbi Lyamize (Bukkikakkonobwobuggwanjuba),<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ellert |first=Henrik |year=2004 |title=The magic of the makishi: masks and traditions in Zambia |publisher=CBC publishing |isbn=0-9515209-9-7 |location=Bath, UK |pages=38–63}}</ref> Mbunda Lukwakwa (Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba), Chibwela Kumushi (Masekkati), Vinkhakanimba (Muchinga), Ukusefya Pa Ng'wena (Bukiikakkono). Eby'emikono eby'ennono ebimanyiddwa ennyo mulimu okubumba, okukola ebibbo (nga Tonga baskets), entebe, eby'ambalo, emikeeka, ebifaananyi eby'omuti, ebifaananyi eby'amlyiba, eby'emikono eby'omu waya, n'eby'emikono eby'ekikomo. Ennyimba ezisinga obungi mu Zambia zeesigamiziddwa ku ngoma (n'ebyuma ebirala ebikubibwa) nga waliwo okuyimba n'okuzina kungi. Mu bibuga, ennyimba eziva mu mawanga amalala zimanyiddwa nnyo, naddala rumba eya Congo, ennyimba z'Abamerika abaddugavu n'ennyimba za Jamaica eziyitibwa reggae. '''Emirimu gy'eby'emikono''' Ng'oggyeko ebibumbe n'eby'emikono, Zambia erina eby'emikono eby'omulembe era ebinyuma okulaba, n'abasiizi b'ebifaananyi abakola mu kusiiga ebifaananyi, okukuba ebifaananyi, okukola ebibumbe, okukuba ebifaananyi n'ebintu ebirala ebikwatagana. Ekitongole kya Lechwe Trust, ekyatandikibwawo mu 1986, kikoze omulimu munene mu kuwagira eby'emikono mu Zambia okuyita mu buyambi, sikaala, emyoleso n'okukuŋŋaanya ebifaananyi ebiriwo mu Zambia.<ref name="Lechwe2019">{{cite book |year=2019 |title=Art Lives On – ii: A Retrospective Exhibition of Flinto S. Chandia & Lutanda F. Mwamba |publisher=Lechwe Trust |isbn=978-9982-70-959-0 |location=Lusaka}}</ref> Abantu ab’omugaso mu kisaawe ky’ebifaananyi mu Zambia mulimu Henry Tayali, Flinto Chandia ne Lutanda Mwamba. Chandia, eyakolanga mu mbaawo, amayinja n’ebintu eby’ekyuma, yali mmemba eyatandikawo ekibiina kya Zambia National Visual Arts Council era yakolagana n’emisomo gy’abasiizi b’ebifaananyi omuli Mbile ne Kabasa.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Paraskos |first=Michael |year=2026 |title=Discovering Flinto Chandia |journal=Pygmalion: Provocations in Contemporary Carving |issue=5 |isbn=978-1-7384987-4-1}}</ref> Mwamba yali amanyiddwa naddala olw’okusiiga ebifaananyi n’okukuba ebifaananyi. Mu 2019 Lechwe Trust yategeka omwoleso ogw’okujjukira emirimu gya Chandia ne Mwamba, nga balaga ebibumbe, ebifaananyi n’ebifaananyi ebikubiddwa okumala emyaka egiwerako.<ref name="Lechwe2019" /> '''Emikutu migattabantu''' Wadde eddembe ly'okwogera n'ery'amawulire gakakasibwa mu ssemateeka wa Zambia, gavumenti etera okukugira eddembe lino okuteekebwa mu nkola.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Press Freedom survey on 186 countries |url=http://www.worldaudit.org/presstable.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201071942/http://www.worldaudit.org/presstable.html |archive-date=2016-12-01 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.worldaudit.org}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=Zambia {{!}} Country report {{!}} Freedom of the Press {{!}} 2016 |url=https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/2016/zambia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116155841/https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/2016/zambia |archive-date=16 January 2017 |access-date=2017-01-14 |website=Freedomhouse.org}}</ref> Wadde ng'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza ekya Patriotic Front kisuubizza okuleka emikutu gy'amawulire egya gavumenti—omuli Zambia National Broadcasting Corporation (ZNBC) n'olupapula lw'amawulire Zambia Daily Mail ne Times of Zambia—okwekolera ku by'okwogerako. Emikutu gy'amawulire egya gavumenti gye gisinga okufuga emikutu gy'amawulire, wadde ng'emikutu gy'obwannannyini mingi gisobola okutuuka ku bitundu by'abantu ebisinga obunene. '''Eby'emizannyo''' Emizannyo bya bulijjo mu mbeera z'abantu mu buwangwa bwa Zambia ebitwala abantu awamu okuyiga, okukulaakulanya ebitone, okusanyuka n'ebiseera eby'essanyu.<ref name="Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson., Simooya, Steriah Monica., and Monde, Pauline Namakau. 2019 1–206" /> Emizannyo mu Zambia mulimu emizannyo ng'omupiira, emisinde, netball, volleyball ne emizannyo egy'ekinnansi nga nsolo, chiyenga, waida, nkwekula nkukwekule, walyako, ne sojo.<ref name="Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson., Simooya, Steriah Monica., and Monde, Pauline Namakau. 2019 1–206" /> Gino gye gimu ku mizannyo egy'ekinnansi egisobozesa enkolagana mu abantu. Ebyafaayo by'emizannyo egimu bya dda nnyo nga n'Abazambia b'ennyini tebannabaawo. Wabula, Zambia yatandika okwenyigira mu mizannyo egy'ettutumu mu nsi yonna okusinga mu mpaka za 1964 Summer Olympics.<ref name="Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson., Simooya, Steriah Monica., and Monde, Pauline Namakau. 2019 1–206" /> Zambia yalangirira obwetwaze bwayo ku lunaku lw'omukolo ogw'okuggalawo emizannyo gya Olympics egya 1964 Summer Olympics, bw'etyo n'efuuka ensi esoose okwetaba mu mizannyo gya Olympics ng'eggwanga limu ate n'evaamu ng'eggwanga eddala. Mu 2016, Zambia y'enyigira mu mizannyo gya Olympics omulundi ogwa 13. Emidaali ebbiri gye gy'awangulwa. Emidaali gino gy'awangulwa mu bikonde ne mu misinde. Mu 1984 Keith Mwila yawangula omudaali gwa kikomo mu luzannya lwa light flyweight. Mu 1996 Samuel Matete yawangula omudaali gwa ffeeza mu misinde gya 400-metre hurdles. Zambia teyeetaba mu mizannyo gya Winter Olympics. Omupiira gw'ebigere gwe muzannyo ogusinga okumanyibwa mu Zambia, era ttiimu y'eggwanga ey'omupiira gw'ebigere ebadde n'ebiseera byayo eby'obuwanguzi mu byafaayo by'omupiira gw'ebigere. Mu 1988, mu mizannyo gya Summer Olympics egyali mu kibuga Seoul, ttiimu y'eggwanga yawangula ttiimu y'eggwanga eya Italy ku ggoolo 4–0. Kalusha Bwalya, omuzannyi w'omupiira gw'ebigere owa Zambia asinga okumanyibwa, yateeba ggoolo ssatu mu mupiira ogwo. Wabula, okutuusa leero, abakugu bangi bagamba nti ttiimu y'eggwanga eyasinga okukola obulungi y'eyo eyafiira mu kabenje k'ennyonyi nga 28 Ogwokuna 1993 mu kabenje k'ennyonyi e Libreville, Gabon. Wabula, mu 1996, Zambia yali ku kifo kya 15 ku lukalala lw'ekibiina kya FIFA World Football Team Rankings, ekifo ekisinga okuba waggulu ku ttiimu yonna eya southern Africa. Mu 2012, Zambia yawangula ekikopo ky'omupiira gw'ebigere mu Africa omulundi ogwasooka oluvannyuma lw'okukubwa mu mpaka ez'akamalirizo emirundi ebiri. Baakuba Côte d'Ivoire ggoolo 8–7 mu penati shoot-out ku fayinolo, eyazannyibwa mu Libreville, nga mayiro ntono okuva ku kabenje k'ennyonyi emyaka 19 emabega.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zambia score emotional African Cup win|url=http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-sport/zambia-score-emotional-african-cup-win-20120213-1t0fb.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718035537/http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-sport/zambia-score-emotional-african-cup-win-20120213-1t0fb.html|archive-date=2014-07-18|access-date=2025-09-13|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en-au}}</ref> Ttiimu y'abakyala eya Zambia yasamba omupiira gwayo ogusooka mu mpaka za FIFA Women's World Cup mu 2023 mu Australia ne New Zealand, ttiimu ya Zambia y'emu ku nnya eziikiikirira Confederation of African Football (CAF). Baawangula omupiira gwaabwe ogusooka mu mpaka za FIFA Women's World Cup, nga Lushomo Mweemba yateeba ggoolo eyasinga okuteebwa amangu mu mpaka za FIFA Women's World Cup, ate Barbara Banda n'ayongerako ggoolo eya 1,000 mu mpaka za FIFA Women's World Cup.<ref>{{cite web |author=Luke Vargas |date=31 Jul 2023 |title=Zambia earns first Women's World Cup win with 3-1 victory over Costa Rica |url=https://apnews.com/article/womens-world-cup-zambia-costa-rica-0479368443fd22795e67831ca0455f5f |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230803152711/https://apnews.com/article/womens-world-cup-zambia-costa-rica-0479368443fd22795e67831ca0455f5f |archive-date=3 August 2023 |access-date=3 August 2023 |website=The Associated Press}}</ref> Rugby Union, ebikonde ne cricket nabyo mizannyo egimanyiddwa ennyo mu Zambia. Gye buvuddeko, obwammemba bwa Zambia bwazzibwawo mu butongole ICC ( International Cricket Council) ku 2025. Ekyewuunyisa, mu kiseera ekimu ku ntandikwa y'emyaka gya 2000, ttiimu z'eggwanga eza rugby union, ebikonde ne cricket zaali zikulemberwa abazannyi abaazaalibwa mu ddwaliro lye limu ery'e Lusaka, George Gregan ne Corné Krige. Okutuusa mu 2014, ekibiina kya Roan Antelope Rugby Club mu Luanshya kye kyali kikwatidde ddala ekifo ekisooka mu nsi yonna mu kuteekawo ebikondo by'ebigere ebiwanvu ennyo mu nsi yonna nga birina obuwanvu bwa ffuuti 110, inci 6 obuwanvu..<ref>{{Cite book |author1=Fran Cotton |date=1985 |title=The Book of rugby disasters & bizarre records |url=https://archive.org/details/bookofrugbydisas0000unse_t5x0 |author2=Chris Rhys |publisher=Stanley Paul |isbn=0-09-162821-0 |location=London |page=[https://archive.org/details/bookofrugbydisas0000unse_t5x0/page/107 107] |oclc=16923880}}</ref> Ekyewuunyisa, mu kiseera ekimu ku ntandikwa y'emyaka gya 2000, ttiimu z'eggwanga eza rugby union, ebikonde ne cricket zaali zikulemberwa bazannyi abaazaalibwa mu ddwaliro lye limu ery'e Lusaka, George Gregan ne Corné Krige.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tallest rugby union posts |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/63633-tallest-rugby-union-posts |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102231258/https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/63633-tallest-rugby-union-posts |archive-date=2 January 2023 |access-date=2021-10-13 |website=Guinness World Records |language=en-GB}}</ref> Rugby union mu Zambia muzannyo mutono naye ogukula. Mu kiseera kino bali mu kifo kya 73 okusinziira ku IRB era balina abazannyi abawandiise 3,650 n’ebibiina bisatu ebyategekebwa obulungi.<ref name="IRB">{{Cite web |last=IRB.com |title=International Rugby Board - ZAMBIA |url=http://www.irb.com/unions/union=11000028/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511104518/http://www.irb.com/unions/union=11000028/index.html |archive-date=2011-05-11 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.irb.com |language=en}}</ref> Zambia yali ezannyira cricket ng’ekitundu kya Rhodesia. Zambia era ewaddeyo omuzannyi wa shinty international, Zambian-born Eddie Tembo ng’akiikirira Scotland mu compromise rules Shinty/Hurling game against Ireland in 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tembo's return is boost for Glen |url=http://www.inverness-courier.co.uk/Sport/Shinty/Tembos-return-is-boost-for-Glen-9521.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211180806/http://www.inverness-courier.co.uk/Sport/Shinty/Tembos-return-is-boost-for-Glen-9521.htm |archive-date=2013-12-11 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.inverness-courier.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 2011, Zambia yali ya kutegeka emizannyo gya All-Africa egy'omulundi ogwa kkumi, era nga mu kuzimba ebisaawe ebyo e Lusaka, Ndola ne Livingstone.<ref name="games">{{cite web |title=Zambia to build three stadia for 2011 All-Africa Games |url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200602/22/eng20060222_244775.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080924005753/http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200602/22/eng20060222_244775.html |archive-date=24 September 2008 |access-date=6 November 2007 |publisher=People's Daily Online}}</ref> Ekisaawe kye Lusaka kyali kyakutuuza abawagizi 70,000 saako n'ebisaawe ebirala byakutuuza abantu 50,000 buli kimu. Gavumenti yali ekubiriza abantu ab'obwannannyini okwenyigira mu kuzimba ebisaawe ebyo kubanga waaliwo ebbula ly'ensimbi za gavumenti ez'okukozesa mu kuzimba ebisaawe ebyo. Oluvannyuma Zambia yava mu kaweefube w'okutegeka emizannyo gya All-Africa egya 2011, nga bagamba nti tebalina nsimbi zimala. Bwe kityo, Mozambique yadda mu bigere bya Zambia ng'omutegeka w'emizannyo gya All-Africa egya 2011. Zambia era yazaala omuddugavu eyasooka (Madalitso Muthiya) okuzannyira mu United States Golf Open,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2008/05/05/a-rare-talent-from-an-unusual-source/|title=Zambia's Madalitso Muthiya a pioneer|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|date=5 May 2008|access-date=18 September 2013|archive-date=4 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004222257/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2008-05-05/sports/0805040183_1_zambia-frederick-chiluba-nationwide-tour|url-status=live}}</ref> emu ku mpaka za golf ennya ezisinga obunene. Mu 1989, ttiimu y'eggwanga ey'omuzannyo gw'ensero yali ekola bulungi nnyo bwe yatuuka ku mutendera ogw'okuddamu okuzannya mu mpaka za FIBA Africa Championship era bw'etyo n'ekomekkereza ng'emu ku ttiimu ekkumi ezisinga okuba ez'amaanyi mu Afirika.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1989 African Championship for Men {{!}} ARCHIVE.FIBA.COM |url=http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/cid/sid/2403/tid/0/_/1989_AfroBasket/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027160945/http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/cid/sid/2403/tid/0/_/1989_AfroBasket/index.html |archive-date=2021-10-27 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=archive.fiba.com}}</ref> Mu 2017, Zambia yakyaza era n'ewangula empaka z'omupiira gw'ebigere ogwa Pan-African ogwa U-20 African Cup of Nation ogw'abazannyi abali wansi w'emyaka 20.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.lusakatimes.com/2016/12/16/zambia-outsmart-south-africa-win-record-cosafa-u20-crown/|title=Zambia outsmart South Africa to win record Cosafa U20 crown|date=16 December 2016|work=Lusaka Times|access-date=16 December 2016|archive-date=2 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102225752/https://www.lusakatimes.com/2016/12/16/zambia-outsmart-south-africa-win-record-cosafa-u20-crown/|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Ennyimba n'amazina''' Obuwangwa bwa Zambia bubadde kitundu kikulu eky'enkulaakulana yaabwe oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze nga mw'otwalidde n'okweyongera kw'ebyalo by'obuwangwa n'ebifo ebikuumirwamu ebintu eby'edda. Ennyimba ezaaleeta amazina kitundu ku nnyanjula yabwe ey'obuwangwa era kirimu obulungi n'ekitiibwa ky'obulamu mu Zambia, okuva ku butategeerekeka bw'engoma ez'okwogera okutuuka ku ngoma ya Kamangu ekozesebwa okulangirira entandikwa y'omukolo gwa Malaila ogw'obuwangwa. Amazina ng'ekikolwa kikola ng'ekintu ekigatta abantu nga bali bumu ng'ekimu ku bintu ebikolebwa mu buwangwa bwabwe.<ref>{{cite web |date=14 June 2016 |title=The Unrivaled Zambian Culture |url=http://ayibamagazine.com/unrivaled-zambian-culture/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330174848/http://ayibamagazine.com/unrivaled-zambian-culture/ |archive-date=30 March 2019 |access-date=30 June 2016 |website=Ayiba Magazine}}</ref> '''Zamrock''' Zamrock kika kya nnyimba ekyavumbulwa mu myaka gya 1970, era ekulaakulanyizza abagoberezi ab'amaanyi mu Bulaaya. Zamrock ennyonnyoddwa ng'okugatta ennyimba z'ekinnansi eza Zambia n'ennyimba ez'amaanyi eziddiŋŋana ezifaanana n'ebibinja nga Jimi Hendrix, James Brown, Black Sabbath, Rolling Stones, Deep Purple, ne Cream.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/salt-thunder-mind-altering-rock-1970s-zambia|title=Salt & thunder: The mind-altering rock of 1970s Zambia|date=11 December 2015|work=Music in Africa|access-date=25 May 2017|archive-date=8 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708135232/https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/salt-thunder-mind-altering-rock-1970s-zambia|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=S |first1=Henning Goranson |last2=Press |first2=berg for Think Africa |last3=Network |first3=part of the Guardian Africa |date=22 July 2013 |title=Why Zamrock is back in play |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/22/zamrock-zambia-music-rerelease |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222003159/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/22/zamrock-zambia-music-rerelease |archive-date=22 December 2016 |access-date=25 May 2017 |website=the Guardian}}</ref> Ebibinja ebimanyiddwa ennyo mu kika ky'ennyimba zino mulimu Rikki Ililonga ne bbandi ye Musi-O-Tunya, WITCH, Chrissy "Zebby" Tembo, ne Paul Ngozi ne bbandi ye Ngozi Family.<ref name="azambianband">{{cite web |title=We're a Zambian Band |url=http://theappendix.net/issues/2014/7/were-a-zambian-band |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903054502/http://theappendix.net/issues/2014/7/were-a-zambian-band |archive-date=3 September 2014 |access-date=26 August 2014 |publisher=theappendix.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dusted Reviews: Witch - Lazy Bones!! |url=http://www.dustedmagazine.com/reviews/5657 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914035049/http://www.dustedmagazine.com/reviews/5657 |archive-date=2017-09-14 |access-date=2025-09-13 |website=www.dustedmagazine.com}}</ref> == Laba ne == * Ebyafaayo bya Zambia. * Amawanga ga Africa. == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Amawanga g'Afirika]] <references /> [[Category:Amawanga agali wansi w'omukago gw'Amawanga amagatte]] [[Category:Amawanga agatasalagana n'assemayanja]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] nonefh8ugfef2w50rsh7xf3belrh9ni 0 7695 66814 61336 2026-08-05T18:56:18Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66814 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Idi Amin Dada Oumee''' yali Munnayuganda, munnamagye era munnabyabufuzi eyaweereza nga [[:en:President_of_Uganda|Pulezidenti wa Uganda]] ow'okusatu okuva mu 1971 okutuusa lwe [[:en:Uganda–Tanzania_War|yaggyibwa mu buyinza]] mu 1979. Yafuga nga [[:en:Military_dictatorship|munnamagye nnakyemalira]] era atwalibwa ng'[[:en:Despotism|omukulembeze]] omukaambwe mu by'afaayo by'ensi yonna.<ref>Boddy-Evans, Alistair.</ref> Amin yazaalibwa kitaawe [[:en:Kakwa_people|Omukakwa]] ate nnyina [[:en:Lugbara_people|Lugbara]] . Mu 1946, yeegatta ku [[:en:British_Colonial_Army|ggye lya Bungereza]] erya [[:en:King's_African_Rifles|King’s African Rifles]] (KAR) ng’omufumbi. Yasituka n'atuuka ku ddaala lya [[:en:Lieutenant|Lieutenant]], ne yetaba mu ntalo za [[:en:British_Empire|Bungereza]] ez'okulumbagana abayeekera ba Somalia n'oluvannyuma yetaba ne mu lutalo olw'ali lunyinyitira olwa [[:en:Mau_Mau_rebellion|Mau Mau]] mu [[:en:Kenya_Colony|Kenya]] . [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku [[:en:United_Kingdom|Bungereza]] mu 1962, era Amin n’asigala mu [[:en:Uganda_Army_(1962–1971)|magye]], nga yalinnyisibwa ku kifo ky’omumyuka w’omuduumizi w’amagye mu 1964 n’alondebwa okuduumira oluvannyuma lw’emyaka ebiri. Yakitegeerako nti pulezidenti wa Uganda [[:en:Milton_Obote|Milton Obote]] yali ateekateeka kumukwata lwa kubulankanya ssente z’amagye, kwe kutandikawo olutalo lw'okuwamba Gavumenti olw'atuumibwa [[:en:1971_Ugandan_coup_d'état|1971 Ugandan coup d'état]] ne yeerangirira nga Pulezidenti. Emyaka gye yamala mu buyinza, Amin yakyuka okuva ku kubeera omufuzi eyali awagira n'okunyumirwa obuwagizi obwali buva mu Yisirayiri n'adda mu kuwagirwa [[:en:Muammar_Gaddafi|Muammar Gaddafi]] owa [[:en:Libyan_Arab_Jamahiriya|Libya]], [[:en:Mobutu_Sese_Seko|Mobutu Sese Seko]] owa [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]], [[:en:Soviet_Union|Soviet Union]] ne [[:en:East_Germany|Bujirimaani ey'oBuvanjuba]] . <ref name="libya1">Roland Anthony Oliver, Anthony Atmore (1967).</ref> <ref name="ussr1">Dale C. Tatum.</ref> <ref name="gdr1">Gareth M. Winrow. </ref> Mu 1972, Amin [[:en:Expulsion_of_Asians_from_Uganda|yagoba abantu ba Asia]], ng'abasinga obungi ku bo baali [[:en:Indians_in_Uganda|Bayindi-Uganda]], ekyaviirako Buyindi okusalako enkolagana y'abwe n'obukulembeze bwe. <ref>Subramanian, Archana (6 August 2015).</ref> Mu 1975, Amin yakwata [[:en:Chairperson_of_the_Organisation_of_African_Unity|obwassentebe]] w'ekitongole ekigatta amawanga ga Africa ekya [[:en:Organisation_of_African_Unity|Organisation of African Unity]] (OAU) [[:en:International_organization|ekitongole kya Gavumenti ez'enjawulo ezikolera awamu]] ekyategekebwa okutumbula obumu mu mawanga ga Afrika <ref name="Byword">https://web.archive.org/web/20080605070641/http://www.news24.com/News24/Africa/News/0%2C%2C2-11-1447_1390595%2C00.html</ref> (omulimu ogukyukakyuka buli mwaka). Uganda yali mmemba w’akakiiko k'amawanga amagatte akavunaanyizibwa ku ddembe ly'obuntu aka [[:en:United_Nations_Commission_on_Human_Rights|United Nations Commission o Human Rights]] okuva mu 1977 okutuuka mu 1979. <ref>Gershowitz, Suzanne (20 March 2007).</ref> Bungereza yamenya enkolagana y’ekikungu gye yali erina ne Uganda mu 1977, era Amin n’alangirira nti yali awangudde [[:en:British_Empire|Abangereza]] n’agattako okutuuka ku ngule ye 'omumegganyi w'amatwale ga Bungereza' . <ref name="Keatley">Keatley, Patrick (18 August 2003).</ref> Obukulembeze bwa Amin bwagenda bugenda mu maaso okutuuka ku nkomerero y’emyaka gya 1970, waaliwo obutabanguko obweyongera olw’okuyigganyizibwa kwe ku mawanga agamu n’abawakanya ebukulembeze bwe, wamu n’embeera ya Uganda embi ennyo mu nsi yonna olw’obuwagizi bwa Amin eri abawambi ba [[:en:PFLP-EO|PFLP-EO]] ne [[:en:Revolutionary_Cells_(RZ)|RZ]] mu 1976, ekyavirako ekikwekweto kya Yisirayiri ekyatuumibwa [[:en:Operation_Entebbe|Operation Entebbe]] . Olwo yagezaako okuwamba [[:en:Kagera_Region|ekitundu kya Kagera]] ekya [[:en:Tanzania|Tanzania]] mu 1978. Mu kwanukula kwa Pulezidenti wa Tanzania [[:en:Julius_Nyerere|Julius Nyerere]], yalagira amagye ge [[:en:Uganda–Tanzania_War|okulumba Uganda]]. Amagye ga Tanzania n’abayeekera [[:en:Fall_of_Kampala|baawamba Kampala]] mu 1979 ne bagoba Amin mu buyinza. Amin yagenda mu buwanganguse, nga yasookera mu Libya, oluvannyuma nagenda mu [[:en:Ba'athist_Iraq|Iraq]], n'asembayo e [[:en:Saudi_Arabia|Saudi Arabia]], gye yabeera okutuusa lwe yafa mu 2003. <ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/3155925.stm</ref> Obukulembeze bwa Amin bwalimu [[:en:Human_rights_abuse|okutyoboola eddembe ly’obuntu]] okwali kuyitiridde omuli [[:en:Political_repression|okunyigirizibwa mu byobufuzi]] n’okutta [[:en:Extrajudicial_killing|abantu mu ngeri etali ya mateeka]] wamu [[:en:Nepotism|n;obusosoze mu mawanga]], obuli bw’enguzi, n’okuddukanya obubi ennyo mu by’enfuna. Abatunuulizi b’ensi yonna n’ebibiina [[:en:Human_rights|ebirwanirira eddembe ly’obuntu]] bateebereza nti abantu wakati w’emitwalo 100 <ref>Ullman, Richard H. (April 1978).</ref> ne 500,000 be battibwa mu bukulembeze bwe. <ref name="Keatley">Keatley, Patrick (18 August 2003).</ref> == Obuto bwe == Kumpi byonna ebigambibwa ku buto bwa Amin biwakanyizibwa kubanga teyewandiikako [[:en:Autobiography|kitabo kikwata ku bulamu bwe]] era teyakkiriza kuteeka bikwata ku bulamu bwe mu buwandiike. <ref name="okadameri">O'Kadameri, Billie (1 September 2003).</ref> Ebiwandiiko bya gavumenti ya Bungereza byalaga nti Amin yazaalibwa mu 1925; wabula mu kiseera ekyo tewali biwandiiko byakuumibwa ku bannayuganda. <ref name="Keatley">Keatley, Patrick (18 August 2003).</ref> Mu mboozi ey’akafubo ne [[:en:Judith_Hare,_Countess_of_Listowel|Judith Hare]] mu 1972, Amin awa ekifo we yazaalibwa ng’ekyalo [[:en:Koboko|Koboko]] n’emyaka gye nga 46, ekyanditeeka omwaka gw’amazaalibwamu okubeera 1926. Mu kitabo ekyafulumizibwa mu 1977 aba [[:en:Little,_Brown_and_Company|Little, Brown and Company]] nga kyawandiikibwa omuwabuzi wa Bungereza mu [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] ng’akozesa [[:en:Pseudonym|erinnya ery’obulimba]] David Gwyn, Amin yazaalibwa mu [[:en:Buganda|Buganda]] n’emyaka 48 gy'eyamuwandiikako nga kino kyali kiraga nti yazaalibwa mu 1928. Ebikwata ku bulamu bwa Amin ebisinga biva mu b'engandaze ate nga binyumizibwako mu mboozi wabula okunyonyola n'emboozi endala tezikakasibwa. Ennono za famire n'abobuyinza mu Saudi Arabia mu Jeddah bateeka olunaku lw’amazaalibwa ge nga 10 [[:en:Dhu_al-Hijja|Dhu al-Hijja]] 1346 ku [[:en:Islamic_calendar|kalenda y’Obusiraamu]] (30 Ogwokutaano 1928 mu kalenda ya Gregorian). <ref>Elliott, Chris (30 November 2014).</ref> === Obuto bwe ne Famire === [[File:NakaseroMarket.jpg|thumb|244x244px|[[:en:Nakasero|Olusozi Nakasero]] mu [[:en:Kampala|Kampala]], Disitulikiti egambibwa okuba nga Amin gye yazaalibwa okusinziira ku famire ye]] Okusinziira ku famire ya Amin, engero ezikwata ku Uganda n’ebbaluwa ye ey’okufa kwe mu Saudi Arabia, Idi Amin Dada Oumee yazaalibwa nga 30 Ogwokutaano 1928 ku ssaawa nga nnya ez’oku makya mu kifo kitaawe w’akolera, Shimoni Police Barracks ku [[:en:Nakasero|lusozi lw'e Nakasero]]<nowiki/>mu [[Kampala]] . <ref name=":4">de Montesquiou, Jean-Louis (2022).</ref> <ref name=":5">Mutaizibwa, Emmanuel (9 April 2019).</ref> <ref name="monitor_01012004">Mutaizibwa, Emmanuel (9 April 2019).</ref> Yaweebwa erinnya Idi oluvannyuma lw'okuzaalibwa ku lunaku lw'ebikujjuko by'Abasiraamu olwa [[:en:Eid_al-Adha|Eid al-Adha]] . <ref name=":4" /> Okusinziira ku Fred Guweddeko, omunoonyereza ku [[:en:Makerere_University|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], agamba erinnya lya Amin ezaliranwa ye Idi Awo-Ango Angoo. <ref name="monitor_01012004" /> Waliwo obutakkaanya ku makulu g'erinnya "Dada", ng'abamu bagamba nti lyali litegeeza "mwannyina" oba "enneeyisa y'abakazi" mu [[:en:Swahili_language|Luswayili]], naye ensonda ezisinga zikkiriza nti "Dada" yali kika mu lubu lw'aBakakwa elyabbulwa oluvannyuma lw'emigigi kkuminesatu. <ref name=":4" /> Yali mutabani wa Amin Dada Nyabira Tomuresu ow'okusatu(1889–1976), mu lubu lwa [[:en:Kakwa_people|Bakakwa]], ne mukyala we ow'okubiri, Aisha Chumaru Aate (1904–1970), [[:en:Lugbara_people|Omulugbara]] . <ref name="monitor_01012004">Mutaizibwa, Emmanuel (9 April 2019).</ref> Kitaawe [[:en:Infant_baptism|yabatizibwa]] ng’[[:en:Catholic_Church|Omukatoliki]] era n’azaalibwa n’erinnya Andreas Nyabira Tomuresu. Okusinziira ku munnamawulire wa Bungereza [[:en:David_Martin_(journalist)|David Martin]], Nyabira obulamu bwe obusinga yabumala mu [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] . [[:en:Islam|Yasiramuka]] mu 1910 oluvannyuma lw’okuyingizibwa mu magye g’Abangereza ag’amatwale ng'omukommonsi w'emulere ([[:en:Bugle|bugler]]) ng'ayita mu kojja we, omukulembeze w’ekika kya [[:en:Kakwa_people|Bakakwa]] Sultan Ali Kenyi Dada ng’omwana [[:en:Child_soldiers_in_Uganda|omujaasi]] ow’emyaka mukaaga era n’aweebwa erinnya Amin Dada. <ref name="monitor_01012004" /> <ref name=":4">de Montesquiou, Jean-Louis (2022).</ref> Yeegatta ku Poliisi ekuuma amatwale ga Bungereza eya [[:en:Uganda_National_Police|Protectorate Police Force]] mu Kampala mu Nsambya Police Barracks mu 1913. Nyabira ku mpaka yayingizibwa mu magye ga [[:en:History_of_the_British_Army|Bungereza]] aga [[:en:King's_African_Rifles|King’s African Rifles]] (KAR) mu 1914 gye yalwana mu [[:en:World_War_I|Ssematalo eyasooka]] mu [[:en:East_African_campaign_(World_War_I)|kampeyini z’oBuvanjuba bwa Afrika]] mu [[:en:Tanganyika_Territory|Tanganyika]] nga tannasiibulwa mu kitiibwa mu 1921 n’aweebwa ekibanja mu [[:en:Arua|Disitulikiti y’e Arua]] . Mu mwaka gwe gumu, yeegatta ku poliisi ya Protectorate Police Force mu bbaalakisi ya Poliisi ey’e Nsambya nga tannatwalibwa mu bbaalakisi ya poliisi e Shimoni mu 1928, Amin gye yazaalibwa okusinziira ku famire ye. Yakyusibwa n’atwalibwa mu bbaalakisi ya Poliisi e Kololo n’awummula emirimu gya poliisi mu 1931 n’aweereza nga Omukiise wa Pulezidenti (RDC) mu Disitulikiti y’e Arua. Maama we Aisha Aate yazaalibwa ku butaka bwe Kakwa ne taata omu Lugbara. Okusinziira ku byonna, Aate yali musawo wa kinnansi, musawo w’ebimera, era nga muzaalisa. <ref name="monitor_01012004">Mutaizibwa, Emmanuel (9 April 2019).</ref> Ng'ebula emyaka kkumi Amin azaalibwe, Aate yeegatta ku kibiina kya [[:en:Allah_Water|Allah Water]] (era ekimanyiddwa nga Yakani), nga kino kyali kibiina kyali kiwakannya obukulembeze bw'amatwale nga lyesigamiziddwa ku "mazzi ga Yakan" ekyali kinyikiddwamu ekimuli kya [[:en:Narcissus_(plant)|daffodil]] ekyali kimanyikiddwa nga Kamiojo, ekinyonyolwa nga 'LSD of Central Africa' . Ekibiina kino kyanyigirizibwa ab’obuyinza okuva mu bafuzi b'amatwale Abangereza, abaali bakitunuulidde ng’obuyeekera. <ref>Middleton, John (1963).</ref> <ref>Hansen, Holger Bernt (1991).</ref> Wadde nga okusinga bayogerwako ng'ekibiina ky'eddiini, Famire ya Amin egamba nti Aate yali musumba mu "Yakanye Order" kye bannyonnyola nga 'secret African society' nga Idi Amin naye yali mmemba, anti yakozesanga 'amazzi agaali gatwalibwa okuba ag'omukisa n'amaanyi amalala ag'enjawulo' mu ntalo. Okusinziira ku famire ya Amin, Aate yali awonyezza Irene Drusilla Namaganda eyali Nnabagereka wa Buganda mu kiseera ekyo era mukyala wa [[:en:Daudi_Cwa_II_of_Buganda|Daudi Cwa II owa Buganda]], obugumba. Omulimu gwa Aate ogw’oku ntikko mu kibiina kya Allah Water kigambibwa nti gwafuna obwagazi bw’olulyo olulangira olwa [[:en:Buganda|Buganda]] era nga kigambibwa nti alina akakwate ku famire eno kyaviirako olugambo nti taata wa Amin omuzaale ye Daudi Chwa II. Engambo zino z'asaasanyizbwa mukyala wa Nyabira omukulu eyali talina mwana, ng'ono yali alina obukyayi eri Aate olw'okuba n'abaana babiri. Okusinziira ku famire ya Amin, Idi Amin yaweebwa ekitiibwa kya Awon'go ( lit. 'noise' ), nga bajuliza ku lugambo olwali luyiting'ana ku kitaawe. Kigambibwa nti Idi yatwalibwa okukeberebwa ‘endaga buzaale ku kitaawe’ ng’akyali muwere nga kino ky'akolebwa abakadde b’ebika, nga kino kyalimu n'okumusuula okumala ennaku nnya mu kibira okumpi n’olusozi Liru e [[:en:Koboko|Koboko]] gye badda ne basanga Amin ng’akyali mulamu. Abakadde bano oluvanyuma lw'okulaba ekyamagero kino bakiteeka ku Nakan, omusota ogw’emitwe musanvu ogwali gusinzibwa mu ddiini y’ennono y’aba Kakwa. Muganda we ne mwannyina baafa mu 1932, Idi bwe yali wa myaka ena. <ref name="monitor_01012004">Mutaizibwa, Emmanuel (9 April 2019).</ref> Bazadde ba Amin baayawukana ng’alina emyaka ena, era ebiwandiiko ebisinga biraga nti yasengukira ku bukojja mu 1944 mu byalo by'abalimi mu Gombolola y'e Mawale mu [[:en:Luweero_District|Disitulikiti y’e Luweero]], mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Uganda. <ref name="monitor_01012004">Mutaizibwa, Emmanuel (9 April 2019).</ref> Kigambibwa nti okwawukana kwa bazadde be kwava ku bigambo ebyali bisusse okuyitingana ku kitaawe wa Idi nga kino kyanyiiza nnyina. Wadde kyali kityo, famire ye y'akkaatiriza nti asigale ne kitaawe ng’ennono y’Abasiraamu mu Tanganyika, mu Disitulikiti y’e Arua, ate nnyina n’asigala ng’akola eby’okuwonya mu Buganda. === Obuvubuka bwe n'emisomo gye === Kigambibwa nti Amin bwe yali abeera n’abooluganda lwa nnyina, yali akola gwa [[:en:Goat_farming|kulunda mbuzi]] okuva ku myaka munaana okutuuka ku myaka kkumi. [[Ssemuto|[]] <ref name="monitor_01012004">Mutaizibwa, Emmanuel (9 April 2019).</ref>Mu 1938, yasenguka n'adda mu maka ga Sheikh Ahmed Hussein mu kibuga ekyali kiliraanyewo eky'e [[:en:Semuto|Semuto]]<nowiki/>era n'atandiika [[:en:Hafiz_(Quran)|okuwata esuula za Quran]] nga bwayaziina okutuusa lwe yaweza emyaka 12. <ref name="monitor_01012004">{{Cite web |last=Guweddeko |first=Fred |date=12 June 2007 |title=Rejected then taken in by dad; a timeline |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/specialincludes/ugprsd/amin/articles/index.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612053237/http://www.monitor.co.ug/specialincludes/ugprsd/amin/articles/index.php |archive-date=12 June 2007 |access-date=8 August 2009 |website=[[Daily Monitor|The Monitor]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGuweddeko2007">Guweddeko, Fred (12 June 2007). </cite></ref>​[[Bombo, Yuganda|​]] Mu 1940, Amin y'adda e [[:en:Bombo,_Uganda|Bombo]]<nowiki/>ng'eno yali abeera ne Kojjaawe Yusuf Tanaboo. <ref name="monitor_01012004" /> Yagezaako okwewandiisa okugenda mu [[:en:Primary_school|Pulayimale]] kyokka n’agaanibwa, kino kigambibwa nti kyava ku busika bwa Amin obwa kitaawe [[:en:Nubians|Omunnubbi]] . <ref name="monitor_01012004" /> Mu mwaka gwe gumu, Amin yafuna ebisago bwe yali yeetabye mu buvuyo mu Nubia nga balwanyisa obusosoze mu [[:en:Makerere_University|Yunivasite y’e Makerere]] e [[:en:Wandegeya|Wandegeya]] . <ref name="monitor_01012004">Mutaizibwa, Emmanuel (9 April 2019).</ref> Yawandiisibwa mu [[:en:Madrasa|madrasa]] ya Garaya e Bombo era n’asigala ng’akwata Quran mu mutwe wansi wa Mohammed Al Rajab okutuusa mu 1944, era kigambibwa nti yawangula awaadi mu kusoma mu 1943. <ref name="monitor_01012004" /> Amin yawandiisibwa mu magye g’amatwale wamu n’abayizi abalala kkumi na bataano nga tannasiibulwa olw’okuba yali akyali muto. <ref name="monitor_01012004" /> Mu 1945, yagenda mu Kiyindi Parish mu [[:en:Bwaise|Bwaise Parish]] n’akola emirimu egy’enjawulo omwali n’okumala akaseera ng’omukuumi w’omulyango n’omuyambi w'omukuumi w'ekizimbe kya [[:en:Grand_Imperial_Hotel|Grand Imperial Hotel]] mu Kampala. <ref name="monitor_01012004">Mutaizibwa, Emmanuel (9 April 2019).</ref> == Amagye ga King's African Rifles == Amin yeegatta ku maggye ga King’s African Rifles (KAR) mu 1946 ng’omuyambi w’omufumbi, ate mu kiseera kye kimu yali afuna okutendekebwa mu by’amagye okutuusa mu 1947. <ref name="Keatley">Keatley, Patrick (18 August 2003).</ref> <ref name="britannica">https://web.archive.org/web/20070314142415/https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9007180/Idi-Amin</ref> Mu bulamu obw’oluvannyuma yalimba nti yaweereza mu [[:en:Burma_Campaign|kampeyini y'e Burma]] eya [[:en:World_War_II|Ssematalo ow'okubiri]] . <ref name="Keatley" /> <ref name="portrait">''General Idi Amin Dada: A Self Portrait''.</ref> <ref>Bay, Austin (20 August 2003).</ref> Yakyusibwa n'agenda e Kenya okukola emirimu gy'amagye ag'ebigere mu 1947, era n'aweereza mu kibinja ky'amagye g'okuttaka ag'oku bigere ekya 21st KAR mu [[:en:Gilgil|Gilgil]], [[:en:Kenya_Colony|Amatwale ga Kenya]] okutuusa mu 1949. Omwaka ogwo, ekibinja kye kyasindikibwa mu Bukiikakkono bwa Kenya okulwanyisa [[:en:Shifta_War#background|abayeekera ba Somalia]] . Mu 1952, ekibinja kye kyasindikibwa okulwanyisa [[:en:Mau_Mau_rebellion|abayeekera ba Mau Mau]] mu Kenya. Yakuzibwa n’afuulibwa Kkopolo mu mwaka gwe gumu, oluvannyuma n’afuulibwa saajenti mu 1953. <ref name="monitor_01012004">Mutaizibwa, Emmanuel (9 April 2019).</ref> Mu 1959, Amin yafuulibwa [[:en:Effendi|Effendi Class 2]] (Warrant Officer), <ref name="gazette" /> eddaala erisinga obunene eri omujaasi omuddugavu mu KAR. Amin yakomawo mu Uganda mu mwaka gwe gumu n’afuna ekifo ku kakiiko akaaliwo akaseera akatono nga Lieutenant nga 15 Ogwomusanvu 1961, n’afuuka omu ku Bannayuganda ababiri abaasooka okufuuka ba commissioned officers. <ref name="gazette">https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/42461/supplement/6682</ref> Yaweebwa omulimu gw’okukkakkanya oluyogaano olw'aliwo olw’ente wakati wa [[:en:Karamojong_people|Bakaramoj]]<nowiki/>a ba Uganda n’abalunzi ba [[:en:Turkana_people|Turkana]]<nowiki/>abatambulatambula mu Kenya. <ref name="monitor_01012004">Mutaizibwa, Emmanuel (9 April 2019).</ref> Okusinziira ku munoonyereza Holger Bernt Hansen, endowooza ya Amin, enneeyisa ye n’obukodyo bw’empuliziganya byakwatibwako nnyo olw’ebyo bye yayitamu mu magye g’amatwale. Kuno kwali n’engeri gye yakulembera obutereevu aky'amuviirako okwettanirwa mu bitundu ebimu mu bantu ba Uganda. == Okulinnya kw'Eggye lya Uganda == Mu 1962, oluvannyuma lwa Uganda okufuna obwetwaze okuva ku [[:en:United_Kingdom|Bungereza]], Amin yakuzibwa n’afuulibwa kapiteeni n’oluvannyuma, mu 1963, n’afuulibwa meeja. Yalondebwa okuba omumyuka w’omuduumizi w’amagye mu 1964 ate omwaka ogwaddako n’alondebwa n’afuuka Omuduumizi w’amagye. <ref name="monitor_01012004">Mutaizibwa, Emmanuel (9 April 2019).</ref> Mu 1970, yakuzibwa n’afuulibwa omuduumizi w’amagye gonna. <ref name="britishcouncil">{{Cite web |date=2 February 1971 |title=General Idi Amin overthrows Ugandan government |url=http://www.britishcouncil.org/learnenglish-central-history-amin.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070225004054/http://www.britishcouncil.org/learnenglish-central-history-amin.htm |archive-date=25 February 2007 |access-date=8 August 2009 |publisher=British Council}}</ref> Amin yali munnabyamizannyo mu kiseera kye yamala mu magye ga Bungereza ne Uganda. Ku fuuti 1.93 m n'obuwanvu bwa (6 ft 4 in) era nga wakiwago, yali nnantameggwa wa [[:en:Ugandan|Uganda]] mu bikonde by’obuzito obutono okuva mu 1951 okutuuka mu 1960, nga kw’otadde n’okuwuga. Amin era yali muteebi wa rugby ow’entiisa, <ref name="Scotsman">Bridgland, Fred (16 August 2003).</ref> <ref name="CainGrowden">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chichester</ref> wadde ng’omuserikale omu yamugamba nti: 'Amin musajja mulungi nnyo era muzannyi wa rugby omulungi naye ng'amagumba kumpi gava mu bulago era yeetaaga ebintu okunnyonnyolwa mu bigambo mu ebbaluwa . <ref name="CainGrowden" /> <ref name="Scotsman2">Johnston, Ian (17 August 2003).</ref> Mu myaka gya 1950, yazannyirako mu ttiimu ya Nile RFC. <ref name="RugbyDis">Cotton, p. 111</ref> Waliwo olugero olutera okuddibwamu nti yalondebwa okudda mu bigere bya Ttiimu ya rugby eya [[:en:East_Africa_rugby_union_team|East Africa rugby union team]] mu mupiira gwabwe [[:en:1955_British_Lions_tour_to_South_Africa|ogw'okutambula mu 1955]] ne [[:en:British_and_Irish_Lions|British Lions]] . Kyokka Amin talabika mu kifaananyi kya ttiimu oba ku lukalala lwa ttiimu olutongole. <ref>Campbell, M. and Cohen, E.J. (1960) ''Rugby Football in East Africa, 1909–1959''. </ref> [[File:Idi_Amin_-_Levi_Eshkol_-_Entebbe_1966-06-12.jpg|left|thumb|Amin (wakati ku kkono) ng’akulira abakozi bwe yali akyalidde [[:en:Prime_Minister_of_Israel|Katikkiro]] wa [[:en:Israel|Yisirayiri]] [[:en:Levi_Eshkol|Levi Eshkol]] (wakati) mu 1966]] Mu 1965, [[:en:Prime_Minister_of_Uganda|Ssaabaminisita]] [[:en:Milton_Obote|Milton Obote]] ne Amin b'enyigira mu ddiiru y’okukukusa amasanga ne zaabu okubiyingiza mu Uganda okuva mu [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of Congo]] . Ddiiru eno, oluvannyuma General Nicholas Olenga, omukwanaganya w’eyali omukulembeze wa Congo, [[:en:Patrice_Lumumba|Patrice Lumumba]], yali kitundu ku nteekateeka y’okuyamba amagye agaali gawakanya gavumenti ya Congo okusuubula amasanga ne zaabu okuweebwa emmundu ezaali zikukusibwa Amin. Mu 1966, [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] yasaba wabeewo okunoonyereza. Obote yassaawo ssemateeka omupya ng’aggyawo obwapulezidenti obw’emikolo egyali gitegekebwa [[:en:Kabaka_of_Buganda|Kabaka]] [[:en:Mutesa_II_of_Buganda|Mutesa II owa Buganda]] n'eyelangirira nga Pulezidenti ow’oku ntikko. Yakuza Amin n’afuuka kkano era omuduumizi w’amagye. Amin yakulembera [[:en:Battle_of_Mengo_Hill|olulumba]] olw'akolebwa ku lubiri lwa Kabaka n'awaliriza Mutesa okuwangangukira mu Bungereza, gye yasigala okutuusa lwe yagya omukono mu ngabo mu 1969. <ref>http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/ugtoc.html#ug0159</ref> <ref name="bookrags">http://www.bookrags.com/biography/idi-amin-dada</ref> Amin yatandika okuwandiika abakakwa, Lugbara, [[:en:South_Sudanese|South Sudanese]], n’embu z'abantu abalala mu bitundu bya [[:en:West_Nile_sub-region|West Nile]] ekiriraanye [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] . Aba Sudaani b'omu Bukiikaddyo baali batuuze mu [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa eky’amakumi abiri, nga bava South Sudan okuweereza mu magye g’amatwale. Amawanga ga Afrika mangi mu Bukiikakkono bwa Uganda gabeera mu Uganda ne South Sudan; ebigambibwa bikyaliwo nti eggye lya Amin lyali lisinga kubaamu bajaasi ba South Sudan. <ref name="Anyanya">Nantulya, Paul (2001).</ref> == Okuwamba obuyinza ==   [[File:Obote_cropped.png|thumb|[[:en:Milton_Obote|Milton Obote]], pulezidenti wa Uganda ow'okubiri, Amin gwe yasuula mu lutalo lw'[[:en:Coup_d'état|okuwamba gavumenti]] mu 1971]] Oluvannyuma w'abalukawo enjawukana wakati wa Amin ne Obote, ng'obuzibu bw'ava ku buwagizi Amin bwe yali azimbye mu magye ga Uganda ng’ayingiza abantu okuva mu [[:en:West_Nile_sub-region|kitundu kya West Nile]], okwenyigira mu bikwekweto okuwagira [[:en:First_Sudanese_Civil_War|obuyeekera mu South Sudan]] n’okugezaako okutta Obote mu 1969. Mu Gwekkumi 1970, Obote yeddiza obuyinza ku magye, n’akakkanya ku buyinza bwa Amin ku kifo kye yamala emyezi eky’omuduumizi w’amagye gonna okutuuka ku muduumizi w’amagye ga Uganda. <ref name="britishcouncil"/> <ref>https://origins.osu.edu/milestones/idi-amins-uganda-coup-1971?language_content_entity=en</ref> Olw’okukimanya nti Obote yali ateekateeka kumukwata olw’okukozesa obubi ssente z’amagye, Amin yawamba obuyinza nga yeyambisa amaggye mu kyayitibwa [[:en:1971_Ugandan_coup_d'état|military coup]] ng’ayambibwako ba agenti ba gavumenti ya [[:en:Israel|Yisirayiri]] <ref>https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/revealed-how-israel-helped-amin-to-take-power-100683.html</ref> <ref>https://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/why-israel-and-britain-were-delighted-at-amins-rise/Y2EVWPDJRA3FH64KE4XWVWAAKU/</ref> <ref>https://www.jpost.com/magazine/books/clandestine-and-creative-diplomacy-323185</ref> nga 25 Ogusooka 1971, nga Obote ali mu lukiiko lwa [[:en:Commonwealth_Heads_of_Government_Meeting_1971|Commonwealth summit]] mu Singapore. Abajaasi abeesigwa eri Amin baasiba ekisaawe [[:en:Entebbe_International_Airport|ky’ennyonyi Entebbe]] ne bawamba Kampala. Abajaasi bazingako amaka ga Obote ne baziba n'enguudo ennene. Ebyafulumizibwa ku [[:en:Uganda_Broadcasting_Corporation|leediyo Uganda]] byalumiriza gavumenti ya Obote okubamu obuli bw'enguzi n'okuyisa abantu b'omu [[:en:Lango_sub-region|kitundu ky'e Lango]] mu ngeri ey'enjawulo . Abantu bawulirwa ku nguudo z'omu Kampala nga bajjabaganya oluvannyuma lw'okuwulira eby'ali biweerezeddwa ku leediyo. <ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/25/newsid_2506000/2506423.stm</ref> Amin, eyeeyanjula ng’omujaasi, so si munnabyabufuzi, yalangirira nti [[:en:Military_dictatorship|gavumenti y’amagye]] ejja kusigala ng’[[:en:Caretaker_government|obukulembeze obulabirizi]] okutuusa ng’okulonda okupya, okwali okw'okubaawo ng’embeera emaze okudda mu nteeko. Yasuubizza okuyimbula [[:en:Political_prisoner|abasibe bonna abaali bakwatibwa olw'ebyobufuzi]] . <ref>Fairhall, John (26 January 1971)</ref> Amin yakola olumbe lw’eggwanga mu Gwokuna 1971 olwa Ssekabaka Edward Mutesa owa Buganda era pulezidenti, eyali afiiridde mu buwanganguse. <ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined</ref> == Obukulembeze ==   === Okuteekawo obufuzi bw’amagye === Nga 2 Ogwokubiri 1971, oluvannyuma lwa Sabbiiti emu ng'okuwamba gavumenti kuwedde, Amin y'erangirira nga Pulezidenti wa Uganda, [[:en:Commander-in-Chief|omuduumizi w’amagye]], [[:en:Chief_of_Staff|akulira]] amagye ga Uganda, era akulira amaggye g’omu bbanga. Yayimiriza obuwaayiro obumu obwa [[:en:Constitution_of_Uganda|Ssemateeka wa Uganda]], era mu bbanga ttono n’atandikawo olukiiko oluwabula ku by'okwerinda nga lwalimu abaserikale b’amagye nga ye Ssentebe. Amin yateeka [[:en:Military_tribunal|kkooti z'amagye]] waggulu w'enkola ya [[:en:Civil_law_(legal_system)|civil law]], n'alonda abajaasi ku bifo eby'oku ntikko mu gavumenti n'[[:en:Government-owned_corporation|ebitongole bya gavumenti]], era n'ategeeza ba [[:en:Cabinet_(government)|Minisita ba kabineeti]] aba bulijjo abaali balondeddwa nti baali bakuyisibwa mu empisa ennungi n'obukkakamu nga bakolagana n'abantu abalala ([[:en:Military_courtesy|military courtesy]]). <ref name="britishcouncil"/> <ref name="LOC_Rule_Under_Amin">http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/ugtoc.html#ug0159</ref> Enkola ya Amin ey'obwannakyemalira ([[:en:Rule_by_decree|ruled by decree]]) ; mu kiseera ky’obukulembeze bwe yafulumya ebiragiro nga 30. <ref>Mugabe, Faustin (26 May 2019).</ref> <ref>Krcmaric, Daniel (2015).</ref> Amin yakyusa erinnya lya ly'ekisulo kya Pulezidenti mu Kampala okuva mu Government House n'akituuma "The Command Post". Yasatulula ekitongole ekikessi ekya General Service Unit (GSU) ekyatondebwawo gavumenti eyasooka, n’akisikiza n'ekitongole ky'ebyokunoonyereza ekya [[:en:State_Research_Bureau_(organisation)|State Research Bureau]] (SRB). Ekitebe kya SRB e [[:en:Nakasero|Nakasero]] kyafuuka ekifo ky'[[:en:Torture|okuttulugunya]] abantu n’[[:en:Capital_punishment|okuta ng'ekibonerezo]] mu myaka egyaddirira. <ref name="LOC_Security">http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/ugtoc.html#ug0159</ref> Ebitongole ebirala ebyakozesebwanga okuyigganya abaali bawakanya mwalimu [[:en:Military_police|poliisi y’amagye]] n’ekitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku by’okwerinda mu bantu ekya Public Sfety Unit (PSU). <ref name="LOC_Security" /> Obote yabudamako mu Tanzania, nga Pulezidenti wa Tanzania [[:en:Julius_Nyerere|Julius Nyerere]] amuwaddeyo ekifo ekikuumirwamu obuddukiro. Obote yegattibwako Bannayuganda ababundabunda 20,000 abadduka mu Amin. Abawanganguse baagezaako naye ne balemererwa okweddiza Uganda mu 1972, nga bayita mu kaweefube [[:en:Coup_d'état|w’okuwamba gavumenti]] mu ngeri etategekebwa bulungi. <ref name="invasion">https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,946151,00.html</ref> === Okuyigganyizibwa kw’amawanga n’ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi === [[File:Amin_Dadas_Torture_chambers.jpg|thumb|Bangi ku bantu abaakosebwa gavumenti ya Amin baafiira mu bisenge eby’okutulugunyizibwa mu kiseera kye.]] Amin yeesasuza olw’okugezaako [[:en:1972_invasion_of_Uganda|okulumba kw'aBannayuganda abaali mu buwanganguse mu 1972]] bwe yagogola [[:en:Uganda_Army_(1971–1980)|Eggye lya Uganda]] nga agyamu abawagizi ba Obote, ng’okusinga abo baali bava mu mawanga ga [[:en:Acholi_people|Acholi]] ne [[:en:Langi_people|Lango]] . <ref name="TallJstor">Tall, Mamadou (Spring–Summer 1982).</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu 1971, abajaasi ba Lango ne Acholi baali batirimbulwa mu [[:en:Barracks|bbaalakisi]] y'e [[:en:Jinja,_Uganda|Jinja]] ne [[:en:Mbarara|Mbarara]] . <ref>Lautze, Sue.</ref> Ku ntandikwa ya 1972, abajaasi ba Acholi ne Lango nga 5,000, n’abantu baabulijjo abaali bakubisamu mirundi ebiri, baali babula. <ref name="telegraph_obituary">Moore, Charles (17 September 2003).</ref> Mu bbanga ttono, abaakosebwa baatuuka n’abantu [[:en:Ethnic_group|ab’amawanga]] amalala, bannaddiini, bannamawulire, abayiiya, ab'ebitiibwa mu gavumenti, abalamuzi, bannamateeka, [[:en:Student_movements_in_Uganda|abayizi]] n’abagezigezi, abateeberezebwa okuba abamenyi b’amateeka, n’abagwira. Mu mbeera eno ey’effujjo, abantu abalala bangi battibwa olw’ebigendererwa by’obumenyi bw’amateeka oba olw’okwagala. Oluusi emirambo gyasuulibwanga mu mugga Kiyira. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20071128072410/http://web.amnesty.org/aidoc/aidoc_pdf.nsf/d45725da5fa95f1f80256a2b00642199/cde8ef35a67e99e3802569a70019299e/%24FILE/a3307593.pdf</ref> Ettemu lino eryakumibwamu omuliro aba mawanga, ebyobufuzi, n’eby’ensimbi, lyagenda mu maaso mu myaka omunaana Amin gye yamala ng’omukulembeze. Omuwendo omutuufu ogw’abantu abattiddwa tegumanyiddwa. Akakiiko k'abalamuzi n'ebannamateeka ak'ensi yonna aka [[:en:International_Commission_of_Jurists|International Commission of Jurists]] kateebereza nti omuwendo gw’abattibwa gwali tegukka wansi wa 80,000 ate nga guyinza okuba nga guwera 300,000. Okubalirira okwakung’aanyizibwa ebibiina by’abawangalira mu buwanganguse nga biyambibwako ekitongole kya [[:en:Amnesty_International|Amnesty International]] kulaga nti omuwendo gw’abattibwa guli 500,000. <ref name="Keatley">Keatley, Patrick (18 August 2003).</ref> Mu kitabo kye ekya 1997 ''State of Blood: The Inside Story of Idi Amin'', [[:en:Henry_Kyemba|Henry Kyemba]] (eyali minisita wa Uganda okumala emyaka esatu mu kabineti ya Amin) agamba nti 'enneyisa ya Amin yandiba ng'esibuka ku buvo bwe oba ekika kye'. <q class="inline-quote inline-quote-marks">Okufaananako n’ebibiina by’abalwanyi ebirala bingi, [[:en:Kakwa_people|Abakakwa]], ekika kya Amin, bamanyiddwa nti baakolanga emikolo gy’omusaayi ku balabe abattibwa. Bino bizingiramu okusala ekifi ku mulambo okusobola okufuga omwoyo gw’omufu oba okuloza ku musaayi gw’oyo attiddwa okusobola okufuula omwoyo ogwo obutaba gwa bulabe. Emikolo egy’engeri eno gikyaliyo mu Bakakwa. Enkola za Amin tezikoma ku kuloza ku musaayi: emirundi egiwerako y'annewanirangako n’abalala nti yalyako mu nnyama y’omuntu.</q> (Kyemba 109–10) <ref>''A state of blood: The inside story of Idi Amin''</ref> Mu bantu abamanyiddwa ennyo abattibwa mwe muli [[:en:Benedicto_Kiwanuka|Benedicto Kiwanuka]] eyali Ssaabaminisita ne [[:en:Chief_justice|Ssaabalamuzi]] ; [[:en:Janani_Luwum|Janani Luwum]], [[:en:Archbishop|ssaabalabirizi]]<nowiki/>w'aba [[:en:Anglican_Communion|Anglican]] ; Joseph Mubiru, eyali Gavana wa [[:en:Bank_of_Uganda|banka enkulu eya Uganda]] ; Frank Kalimuzo, omumyuka wa Cansala wa [[:en:Makerere_University|Yunivasite y'e Makerere]] ; Byron Kawadwa, omuwandiisi w’emizannyo omututumufu; ne baminisita babiri abaali ku kabinenti ya Amin, [[:en:Erinayo_Wilson_Oryema|Erinayo Wilson Oryema]] ne [[:en:Charles_Oboth_Ofumbi|Charles Oboth Ofumbi]] . <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070613161724/http://www.monitor.co.ug/specialincludes/ugprsd/amin/articles/amin6.php</ref> Amin yayingiza abagoberezi be okuva mu ggwanga ly'Abakakwa, wamu n’aba South Sudan, n’Abanubbi. Mu 1977, ebibinja bino ebisatu byakola ebitundu 60 ku 100 ku ba Genero 22 ab’oku ntikko ate ebitundu 75 ku 100 ku kabineti. Mu ngeri y’emu Abasiraamu baakola ebitundu 80 ku 100 n’ebitundu 87.5 ku buli 100 ku bibinja bino newankubadde nga baali ebitundu 5 ku buli 100 bokka ku miwendo gy'abantu. Kino kiyambako mu kunnyonnyola ensonga lwaki Amin yasimattuka okuwamba gavumenti ye emirundi munaana. <ref>Stefan Lindemann, The ethnic politics of coup avoidance, page 20</ref> Amagye ga Uganda gakula okuva ku 10,000 okutuuka ku 25,000 mu mwaka gwa 1978. Amagye ga Amin okusinga gaali ga kupangisa. Ekitundu ky’abajaasi baali ba South Sudan ate ebitundu 26 ku 100 baali ba Congo, nga ebitundu 24 ku 100 bokka be Bannayuganda ng’abasinga Basiraamu n'[[:en:Kakwa_people|Abakakwa]] . <ref>Andrew Mambo and Julian Schofield, "Military Diversion in the 1978 Uganda-Tanzania War", page 12</ref>   [[File:Aziaten_die_Oeganda_uitgewezen_zijn_op_Schiphol,_groep_Aziaten_na_aankomst,_Bestanddeelnr_926-0503.jpg|thumb|Ababundabunda okuva mu kibiina kya Uganda ekya Asian Community mu [[:en:Netherlands|Budaaki]], Ogwekkuminogumu 1972]] Mu Gwomunaana 1972, Amin yalangirira kye yayita "olutalo lw'ebyenfuna", enkola ezaalimu okunyaga ebintu eby'Aba yindi n'Abazungu. Bannayuganda aba Asia 80,000 abasinga baali bava ku [[:en:Indian_subcontinent|Ssemazinga wa Buyindi]] era nga bazaalibwa mu ggwanga lino, bajjajjaabwe baali bazze mu Uganda nga banoonya obugagga mu kiseera nga Buyindi ekyali ttundutundu lya Bungereza. <ref>https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Idi-Amin-had-targeted-Indians-in-70s/articleshow/1911455.cms</ref> Bangi baalina bizinensi, omwali amakolero amanene, ebyakola omugongo gw’ebyenfuna bya Uganda. <ref name="Luganda">Luganda, Patrick (29 July 2003).</ref> <ref name="auto">http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/7/newsid_2492000/2492333.stm</ref> <ref name="Flight of the Asians">https://web.archive.org/web/20110129090114/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,906327,00.html</ref> Mu butuufu, yatuuka n'okuyita Abayindi "Abayudaaya" olw'okufuga kwabwe mu by'obusuubuzi n'okulowoozebwa nti bafuga ebyenfuna. <ref>Oded, Arye (2006).</ref> Ekirala, Amin yalaga okusaasira kwe eri Hitler bwe yagamba nti Hitler mutuufu olw'okwokya Abayudaaya abaali basoba mu bukadde omukaaga kubanga "Abayisirayiri si bantu abakolera obuntu." <ref>https://jcpa.org/article/justifying-the-holocaust-and-promoting-a-second-one/</ref> Nga 4 Ogwomunaana 1972, Amin yafulumya ekiragiro ng'[[:en:Expulsion_of_Asians_from_Uganda|alagira okugoba]] Abayindi 50,000 abaali balina paasipooti z’Abangereza. Kino oluvannyuma kyakyusibwa ne kizingiramu abantu bonna aba Asia 60,000 abataali bannansi ba Uganda. Amin yagamba nti yali afunye ekirooto Katonda nga amugamba nti alina okugoba Abayindi bonna olw’obulungi bwa Uganda. Ekirala, yali alowooza nti Abayindi bano be baali bataataganya eby'enfuna bya Uganda. <ref>Brown, Thomas (31 August 2022).</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, ensonga Amin ze yayogerako zaali ziraga nti abantu yasinzira ku bungi bw'abwe okubagoba . <ref>https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199296057.003.0002</ref> Bannayuganda-Abayindi abawera 30,000 be basenguka ne bagenda mu Bungereza. Abalala baagenda mu mawanga agali wansi w'omukago gwa Commonwealth nga [[:en:Australia|Australia]], [[:en:South_Africa|South Africa]], [[:en:Canada|Canada]] ne [[:en:Fiji|Fiji]] oba mu [[:en:India|Buyindi]], [[:en:Kenya|Kenya]], [[:en:Pakistan|Pakistan]], [[:en:Sweden|Sweden]], [[:en:Tanzania|Tanzania]] ne [[:en:United_States|Amerika]] . <ref name="Luganda">Luganda, Patrick (29 July 2003).</ref> Amin yanyaga bizinensi n’ebintu eby’Aba Asia n’Abazungu n’abikwasa abawagizi be. Awatali bannannyini n’abalina obumanyirivu, bizinensi z'addukanyizibwa bubi era amakolero mangi ne gagwa olw’obutaba na bukugu mu mirimu n’okuziddukanya. Kino kyalaga nti kya kabi eri eby'enfuna bya Uganda ebyali bikenderedde ddala. <ref name="LOC_Rule_Under_Amin"/> Mu kiseera ekyo, abantu b’omu Asia baali bakola ebitundu 90% ku nsimbi z’omusolo mu ggwanga; olw’okuggyibwako, gavumenti ya Amin yafiirwa ekitundu kinene ku nsimbi gavumenti ze yafuna. Ebyenfuna byonna wabula byagwa. <ref>https://www.economist.com/britain/2022/08/18/50-years-on-from-the-arrival-of-the-ugandan-asians</ref> Idi Amin yatta abasuubuzi Abawalabu aba [[:en:Yemenis|Yemen]] [[:en:Hadharem|Hadrami]] ababalirirwamu 500. <ref>Jacobsen, Frode F. (2009).</ref> <ref>https://vdoc.pub/documents/hadrami-arabs-in-present-day-indonesia-routledge-contemporary-southeast-asia-series-2fgmpjeslf00</ref> Mu 1975, [[:en:Emmanuel_Bwayo_Wakhweya|Emmanuel Bwayo Wakhweya]], Minisita wa Amin ow’ebyensimbi era eyaweerereza ebbanga eddene mu kabineti ow'ekiseera ekyo, yasuulawo emirimu n'addukira mu kibuga jya Bungereza ekikulu [[:en:London|London]] . <ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1976/07/21/archives/uganda-minister-named.html</ref> Okwewaggula kuno kwayamba [[:en:Henry_Kyemba|Henry Kyemba]], minisita w’ebyobulamu wa Amin era eyali omukungu mu gavumenti ya Obote eyasooka, [[:en:Defection|okwewaggula]] mu 1977 n’asiisira mu Bungereza. Kyemba yawandiika era n’afulumya akatabo ka ''A State of Blood'', eyasooka okubikkula obukulembeze bwa Amin obw’omunda. <ref>https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/henry-kyemha/a-state-of-blood-the-inside-story-of-idi-amin/</ref> Nga 25 Ogwomukaaga 1976, olukiiko lw’ebyokwerinda lwalangirira Amin okubeera [[:en:President_for_life|Pulezidenti obulamu bwe bwonna]] . <ref>https://observer.ug/lifestyle/69226-magembe-book-tells-how-amin-was-declared-life-president-of-uganda</ref> === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu kusooka, Amin yawagirwa amawanga g’oBugwanjuba nga [[:en:Israel|Yisirayiri]], [[:en:West_Germany|West Germany]], n’okusingira ddala Bungereza. Mu myaka gya 1960 nga gigenda okuggwaako, ekisinde kya Obote eky'atuumibwa [[:en:Move_to_the_left|move to the left]], nga kino ky'alimu [[:en:Common_Man's_Charter|Common Man’s Charter]] ye n’okufuula kkampuni 80 eza Bungereza [[:en:Nationalisation|eza gavumenti]] kyaleetawo okutya mu mawanga g'ebulaaya nti kino ky'andiviirako okukendeera mu by'obugagga by'e baali bafuna mu Afrika n’okuteeka Uganda mu omukago gwa [[:en:Soviet_Union|Soviet Union]] . Amin eyali aweerezzaako mu maggye g'amatwale aga King's African Rifles n'okwetaba mu lutalo lw'Abangereza okukkakanya [[:en:Mau_Mau_uprising|okwegugunga kwa Mau Mau]] nga Uganda tennafuna bwetwaze, Abangereza baali bamumanyi nga 'omuntu omwesiimbu eri Bungereza'.. . Kino kyamufuula omulonde ey'eyoleka ng’omusika wa Obote. Wadde nga abamu bagamba nti Amin yateekebwateekebwa okuweebwa obuyinza nga mu 1966, olukwe lw’Abangereza n’amawanga amalala ag’amawanga g’obugwanjuba lw'atandika n’amaanyi mu 1969, oluvannyuma lwa Obote okutandika enteekateeka ye ey’okufuula eggwanga. <ref>http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/36/502.html</ref> Mu mwaka gwonna ogwasooka ogw’obwapulezidenti, Amin yafuna obuyambi obukulu mu by’amagye n’ensimbi okuva mu Bungereza ne Yisirayiri. Mu Gwomusanvu 1971 yakyala mu mawanga gombi n’asaba eby'okulwanyisa eby’amagye eby’omulembe, kyokka amawanga ne gagaana okuwaayo ebikozesebwa okuggyako nga gavumenti ya Uganda ebisasulidde. Amin yasalawo okunoonya obuyambi awalala era mu Gwokubiri 1972 yakyalira [[:en:Libyan_Arab_Jamahiriya|Libya]] . Amin yavumirira enzikiriza ya [[:en:Zionism|Zionism]], era mu kwanukula omukulembeze wa Libya [[:en:Muammar_Gaddafi|Muammar Gaddafi]] n’asuubiza okuwola Uganda obukadde bwa ddoola 25 mu bwangu okugobererwa okuwola okulala okuva mu bbanka ya Libya–Ugandan Development Bank. Mu myezi egyaddirira Amin yaggyawo abawabuzi b’amagye ga Yisirayiri mu gavumenti ye, n’agoba abakugu abalala bonna aba Yisirayiri, era okukkakkana ng’amenyawo enkolagana y’ekikungu. Gaddafi era ye yatabaganya okugonjoola obukuubagano obwaliwo wakati wa Uganda ne Sudan, era Amin yakkiriza okukomya okuwagira abayeekera ba [[:en:Anyanya|Anyanya]] mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Sudan era mu kifo ky'ekyo yayingiza abaaliko abayeekera mu magye ge Oluvanyuma lw’okugobwa kw’Abayuganda-Abayindi mu 1972 ng’abasinga baali bava mu Buyindi, Buyindi yasalako [[:en:Diplomatic_relations|enkolagana yaayo]] ne Uganda. Mu mwaka gwe gumu, ng'ekitundu ku "lutalo lwe olw'ebyenfuna", Amin yamenyawo enkolagana y'abakungu ne Bungereza ne yeddiza bizinensi zonna eza Bungereza nazifuula za Uganda. <ref>Baltrop, Paul (17 December 2014).</ref> Bungereza ne Yisirayiri bakomya eby'obusuubuzi byonna bye baali bakola ne Uganda, naye omuwatwa guno ogw'ebyobusuubuzi gwazibibwa mangu nnyo Libya, Amerika, ne Soviet Union. Soviet Union wansi wa [[:en:Leonid_Brezhnev|Leonid Brezhnev]] yeeyongera okwagala Uganda ng’enkola ey’obukodyo ey’okuziyiza obuyinza bwa [[:en:China|Bachina]] obwali bulowoozebwa mu Tanzania n’obuyinza [[:en:Western_world|bw’amawanga g'Ebulaaya]] mu Kenya. Yasindika amagye mu Uganda mu Gwekkuminogumu 1973. Wadde nga yali tesobola kuvugirira mutindo gwa nsimbi ogwali gufunibwa okuva mu mawanga g’Ebulaaya, Soviet Union yasalawo okuwa Amin ebikozesebwa mu by’amagye okufuna obuwagizi bwe. Soviet Union mu bwangu ddala yafuuka omuvugirizi wa Amin mu by'okulwanyisa nga yaweereza Uganda ttanka z'amagye ennwanyi, ennyonyi nnamunkanga, ebikompola, n'ebyokulwanyisa ebitono. Mu 1975, kyateeberezebwa nti Abasoviyeti baali bawadde gavumenti ya Amin obukadde bwa ddoola 12 okumuyambako mu by’enfuna n’obukadde bwa ddoola 48 mu by’okulwanyisa. Amin naye yasindika Bannayuganda enkumi eziwera mu mawanga ga [[:en:Eastern_Bloc|Eastern Bloc]] okutendekebwa mu by’amagye, ebukessi, n’eby’ekikugu naddala [[:en:Czechoslovakia|Czechoslovakia]] . [[:en:East_Germany|East Germany]] yali yeenyigira mu kitongole kya General Service Unit ne State Research Bureau, ebitongole ebibiri ebyasinga okumanyika olw’obutujju. Mu kiseera Uganda we yalumbira Tanzania mu 1979, East Germany yagezaako okuggyawo obujulizi obulaga nti yali ekolaganye n'ebitongole bino. Mu Gwekkuminebiri wa 1973, Amin yatongoza enkola ey’okusaaga ‘Save Britain Fund’ mu kiseera [[:en:1973–1975_recession|ky’okusereba kw’eby’enfuna mu 1973–1975]] 'okutereka n'okuyamba abaali abakulembeze b'amatwale okuva mu njega y'eby'enfuna' nga bawaayo eby'etaago ng'emmere n’okukunga Bannayuganda okuwaayo. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Sharpe |first=James |date=2012 |title=Foreign Exchange: The Complete Deal A Comprehensive Guide to the Theory and Practice of the Forex Market |url=https://archive.org/details/foreignexchangec0000shar |publisher=Harriman House |page=[https://archive.org/details/foreignexchangec0000shar/page/17 17]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Turner |first=Alwyn W. |date=2009 |title=Crisis? What Crisis? Britain in the 1970s |publisher=Aurum}}</ref> Mu 1974, yawaayo okukyaza n’okutabaganya enteeseganya okumalawo [[:en:The_Troubles|obukuubagano mu Northern Ireland]], n'okukkiriza nti ekifo kya Uganda ng’eyali ettundutundu lya Bungereza kigikakkatako okukikola. <ref>https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/cabinet-papers-dictator-amin-offered-to-broker-ulster-deal/28229409.html</ref> [[File:Idi_Amin_and_Mobutu.jpeg|left|thumb|Amin akyalidde nnakyemalira wa [[:en:Zaire|Zairi]] [[:en:Mobutu_Sese_Seko|Mobutu]] mu lutalo lwa [[:en:Shaba_I|Shaba I]] mu 1977]] Mu Gwomukaaga 1976, Amin yakkiriza ennyonyi ya [[:en:Air_France|Air France]] okuva mue [[:en:Tel_Aviv|Tel Aviv]] okutuuka e [[:en:Paris|Paris]] ng'eno yali ewambibwa bammemba babiri ab’ekibiina kya [[:en:Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine_–_External_Operations|Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – External Operations]] (PFLP-EO) ne ba mmemba babiri ab'ekibiina kya German [[:en:Revolutionary_Cells_(German_group)|Revolutionäre Zellen]] okukka ku kisaawe ky’ennyonyi Entebbe. Abawambi bano beegattako bannaabwe abalala basatu. Amangu ddala nga wayise ekiseera, abawambe 156 abatali Bayudaaya era nga tebalina paasipooti za Yisirayiri baayimbulwa ne batwalibwa mu ne batwalibwa mu kifo ekitali kya bulabe, wabula ate Abayudaaya 83 ne bannansi ba Yisirayiri, wamu n’abalala 20 abaagaana okubasuula (mu bano mwalimu kapiteeni n’abakozi b’ennyonyi ya Air France eyawambibwa), ne basigala nga bawambe. <ref name="auto1">http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/7/newsid_2496000/2496095.stm</ref> Mu kikwekweto kya Yisirayiri eky’okununula ekyatuumibwa erinnya lya Operation Thunderbolt (ekimanyiddwa ennyo nga [[:en:Operation_Entebbe|Operation Entebbe]] ), mu kiro ekya 3–4 Ogwomusanvu 1976, ekibinja kya bakomando ba Yisirayiri b'ava mu Yisirayiri ne bawamba obuyinza ku kisaawe ky’ennyonyi Entebbe, ne basumulula kumpi abawambe bonna. Abawambe basatu baafiira mu kikwekweto kino ate 10 ne balumizibwa; abawambi musanvu, abajaasi ba Uganda nga 45, n’omujaasi wa Yisirayiri omu, [[:en:Yoni_Netanyahu|Yoni Netanyahu]] (omuduumizi w’ekibinja kino) battibwa. Omuwambe owokuna, [[:en:Murder_of_Dora_Bloch|Dora Bloch]] ow’emyaka 75, omukyala omuyudaaya omuzungu omukadde eyali atwaliddwa mu [[:en:Mulago_Hospital|ddwaaliro e Mulago]] mu Kampala nga tebannaba kudduukirira bantu, oluvannyuma yatemulwa mu kwesasuza. Bino byayongera kutabula nkolagana ya Uganda mu nsi yonna, ekyaviirako Bungereza okuggala [[:en:High_Commissioner|ekitebe ky'ayo ekikulu]] mu Uganda. <ref name="auto1" /> Mu kwesasuza olw’obuyambi bwa Kenya mu kikwekweto kino, Amin era yalagira okutta ebikumi n’ebikumi by’Abakenya abaali babeera mu Uganda. <ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/4/newsid_2786000/2786967.stm</ref> Uganda wansi wa Amin yatandika okuzimba enkambi z'amagye enene ekyaleetawo okweraliikirira mu Kenya. Ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomukaaga 1975, abakungu ba Kenya baakwata oluseregende lw'emmotoka ezaali zetisse eby'okulwanyisa ebyali biweerezeddwa aba Soviet Union ''mu lugendo'' nga bayingira Uganda ku mwalo gw’e [[:en:Mombasa|Mombasa]] . Obunkenke wakati wa Uganda ne Kenya bwatuuka ku ntikko mu Gwokubiri 1976, Amin bwe yalangirira nti agenda kunoonyereza ku ky'ebitundu by’oBukiikaddyo bwa Sudan n’Obuggwanjuba saako amasekkati ga Kenya, okutuukira ddala mu kilommita 32 (20 mi) eza [[:en:Nairobi|Nairobi]], mu byafaayo zaali kitundu kya Uganda eyali efugibwa amatwale. [[:en:Politics_of_Kenya|Gavumenti ya Kenya]] yayanukula n’ebigambo ebikakali nti Kenya tegenda kwawukana n'akitundu kyayo kyonna . Amin yadda emabega oluvannyuma lw’amagye ga Kenya okuyiwa amagye n'[[:en:Armoured_personnel_carrier|emmotoka ennwanyi era ezitambuza abasirikale]] ku nsalo ya Kenya ne Uganda. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20080206065709/http://www.nationaudio.com/News/DailyNation/17082003/News/Amin_News170820039.html</ref> Enkolagana ya Amin ne [[:en:Rwanda|Rwanda]] yali ya bunkenke, era mu kiseera ky'obukulembeze bwe, enfunda eziwera yateeka ebyenfuna byayo mu matigga bwe yagaana mmotoka zaayo ez’ebyobusuubuzi okuyita okugenda e Mombasa era n’atiisatiisa emirundi mingi okukuba bbomu e [[:en:Kigali|Kigali]] . === Olutalo ne Tanzania n’okugobwa ===   Mu Gusooka 1977 Amin yalonda General [[Mustafa Adrisi]] omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Uganda. <ref name="bulletin">https://books.google.com/books?id=oncEAQAAIAAJ</ref> <ref>https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/493270481/</ref> Omwaka ogwo, enjawukana mu magye ga Uganda yatandika wakati w’abawagizi ba Amin n’abajaasi abeesigwa eri Adrisi, eyalina obuyinza obw’amaanyi mu gavumenti era nga baagala okugya abagwira naddala Abasudan mu magye. Obutali bumativu obwali bweyongedde mu magye ga Uganda bweyola oluvannyuma lw'okugezaako okuwamba gavumenti enfunda eziwera; Amin yatuuka n’okukosebwa ku lulumba olumu kw'ezo, kwe kugamba [[:en:Operation_Mafuta_Mingi|Operation Mafuta Mingi]] mu Gwomukaaga 1977. <ref>Mann, Roger (24 June 1977).</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 1978, omuwendo gw’abawagizi ba Amin n’abakolagana naye ab’oku lusegere gwali gukendedde nnyo, era yayolekagana n’okuwakanya okweyongera okuva mu bantu munda mu Uganda ng’ebyenfuna n’ebizimbe bigwa olw’emyaka egy’okulagajjalirwa n’okukozesebwa obubi. Oluvannyuma lw’okuttibwa kw’Omulabirizi Luwum n’abaweereza Oryema ne Oboth Ofumbi mu 1977, baminisita ba Amin abawerako beewaggula era ne baddukira mu buwanganguse. <ref name="bishop">Mubangizi, Michael (16 February 2006).</ref> Ku ntandikwa ya 1978, Adrisi yafuna ebisago eby’amaanyi mu kabenje k’emmotoka era n’atwalibwa mu nnyonyi e Cairo okufuna obujjanjabi. Nga ali eyo, Amin yamuggyako ebifo bya Minisita w’ebyokwerinda ne minisita w’ensonga z’omunda n’amuvumirira olw’okuwummula emirimu gy'omukulu w'amakomera ow'okuntikko nga tamanyi. Amin yagenda mu maaso n’okugoba abakungu abawerako ab’amaanyi mu gavumenti ye era n’atwala obuyinza ku bubwe ku bifo bya baminisita ebiwerako. Okukankana kuno kwaleetawo obutabanguko mu by'obufuzi n’okusingira ddala okunyiiza abagoberezi ba Adrisi, nga balowooza nti akabenje k’emmotoka yali kaweefube w’okutta naye ne balemererwa. <ref name="crackdown">https://books.google.com/books?id=FH_hAAAAMAAJ</ref> Mu Gwekkuminogumu 1978, amagye agaali amesimbu eri Adrisi gaajeema. Amin yasindika amagye okulwanyisa abayeekera, abamu ku bo nga baali badduse okusukka ensalo ya Tanzania. Okulwanagana kw'abalukawo ku nsalo eyo, era amagye ga Uganda [[:en:Invasion_of_Kagera|galumbagana amatwale ga Tanzania]] mu mbeera ezitategeerekeka bulungi. Okusinziira ku bakugu ne bannabyabufuzi abawerako, Amin yalagira butereevu okulumba ng’agezaako okuwugula amagye ga Uganda n’abantu okuva ku buzibu obwaliwo mu Ggwanga ly'abwe. <ref>Lubega, Henry (30 May 2014).</ref> Kyokka, ebiwandiiko ebirala biraga nti Amin yali takyalina buyinza ku bitundu by’amagye ga Uganda, kale envumbo ya Amin olw’okulumba yali kikolwa kya ''post-facto'' okutaasa ebyali bikwata ku magye agaali galumbye awatali kiragiro. <ref>Mugabe, Faustin (20 December 2015).</ref> Mu ngeri yonna, Amin yalumiriza Pulezidenti wa Tanzania [[:en:Julius_Nyerere|Julius Nyerere]] okutandika olutalo ne Uganda oluvannyuma lw'obulabe okubalukawo era n'alangirira [[:en:Annexation|okugatta]] ekitundu kya [[:en:Kagera_Region|Kagera]] ng'okulumba kwa Uganda mu kusooka bwe kwalaga nti kwali kwa buwanguzi. <ref name="LOC_Rule_Under_Amin" /> Wabula Tanzania bwe yatandika okuteekateeka okuddamu okulumba, kigambibwa nti Amin yategeera embeera ye etali nnungi, era n’agezaako okukkakkanya obukuubagano nga tavudde mu mbeera. Pulezidenti wa Uganda yawa ekiteeso mu lujjudde nti ye ne Nyerere beetaekoa mu muzanyo gw’ebikonde nga mudda gw'ali gwakulaga ebinaava mu lutalo. [ a ] Nyerere y'ebalama obubaka obwo. Mu Gusooka 1979, Nyerere yakunga eggye lya [[:en:Tanzania_People's_Defence_Force|Tanzania People’s Defence Force]] ne liddamu okulumba, nga ly'egatiddwako ebibinja bya Bannayuganda abaali mu buwanganguse nga [[:en:Uganda_National_Liberation_Army|Uganda National Liberation Army]] (UNLA). Amagye ga Amin gawanika newankubadde nga baali bafuna obuyambi okuva ewa Muammar Gaddafi owa Libya n’ekitongole kya [[:en:Palestine_Liberation_Organisation|Palestine Liberation Organization]] (PLO) kyayambibwako amagye. Kigambibwa nti Pulezidenti y'atambula engendo eziwerako ebweru w'eggwanga mu mawanga nga Saudi Arabia ne Iraq mu kiseera ky'olutalo, ng'agenderera okufuna [[:en:Foreign_support_of_Uganda_in_the_Uganda–Tanzania_War|obuwagizi obulala okuva ebweru]] . <ref>Darnton, John (7 March 1979).</ref> <ref>Brittain, Victoria (24 April 1979).</ref> Yalabikako mu lujjudde mu myezi egyasembayo egy'obukulembeze bwe, naye yayogera nnyo ku leediyo ne ttivvi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 April 2016 |title=Amin's final public appearances |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/people-power/amin-s-final-public-appearances-1647780 |access-date=19 April 2021 |website=Daily Monitor}}</ref> Oluvanyuma lw’okuwangulwa mu [[:en:Battle_of_Lukaya|lutalo lw’e Lukaya]], kigambibwa nti ebimu ku ebitundu mu magye ga Uganda by'asaba Amin okuva mu ntebe. Kino yagaana mu busungu obwekika eky'awaggulu era n’alangirira nti: 'bwe muba temwagala kulwana, nja kwelwanira' Ekyavaamu kwali kugoba aeyali avunaanyizibwa ku mbeera z'abannamagye [[:en:Yusuf_Gowon|Yusuf Gowon]] . <ref>John Daimon (6 April 1979).</ref> Kyokka Amin yawalirizibwa okudduka mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda ng'akozesa nnamunkanga nga 11 Ogwokuna 1979, [[:en:Fall_of_Kampala|Kampala bwe yawambibwa]] . <ref name="britannica" /> Oluvannyuma lw'okugezaako okumala akaseera katono okukungaanya abamu ku bisigalira mu magye ga Uganda mu Buvanjuba bwa Uganda <ref>Mugabe, Faustin (8 May 2016).</ref> nga kigambibwa nti mwalimu Amin okulangirira ekibuga [[:en:Jinja,_Uganda|Jinja]] ng'ekibuga ekikulu eky'ensi ye ekiggya, <ref>Kapo, Nelson Bwire (14 April 2019).</ref> yadduka n'agenda mu buwanganguse. <ref name="britannica" /> Amin we yaggyibwa mu buyinza, yali akyayiddwaa nnyo mu Uganda. Obubonero bw’obukulembeze bwe, ebifaananyi bye, n’ebizimbe ebikwatagana byonna byayonoonebwa mu lutalo n’oluvannyuma lw’olutalo. == Omusingo gw'okukwatibwa/ okuttibwa == Amin bwe yaddukira mu buwanganguse, magazini ya ''[[:en:Soldier_of_Fortune_(magazine)|Soldier of Fortune]]'' eyafuluma mu Gwomwenda 1979 yali esuubizza okuwa omuntu yenna eyali alina amawulire gonna ag'oleka wa eyali Pulezidenti wa Uganda, Idi Amin gye yali addukidde gwa doola 10,000 mu zaabu. Robert K. Brown, omufulumya wa magazini eno yawulirwa ng’agamba nti “Tuggyako ekika ky’omuntu ssekinnoomu Amin ky’ali.Alina okuleetebwa mu kkooti era oluvannyuma lw’okuwozesebwa abalamuzi ba banne, abonerezebwa.” <ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1979/08/21/archives/notes-on-people-mrs-auchincloss-to-marry-for-the-third-time.html</ref> <ref>Kelly, James (18 April 2005).</ref> <ref>https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP90-00965R000403220014-9.pdf</ref> == Obkuwang’anguse == Amin yasooka kuddukira mu Libya, gye yabeera okutuusa mu 1980, era okukkakkana ng’asenzea e [[:en:Saudi_Arabia|Saudi Arabia]] ng'eno [[:en:House_of_Saud|ab’olulyo olulangira mu Saudi Arabia]] gye baamukkiriza [[:en:Sanctuary|okubudama]] era ne bamusasula ensimbi ennyingi nga engeri y'okumwebaza olw'okuva mu by'obufuzi. Amin yamala emyaka egiwerako ng'abeera ku myaliiro ebiri egy’oku ntikko ya wooteeri ya [[:en:Novotel|Novotel]] ku luguudo lwa Palestine mu kibuga Jeddah. [[:en:Brian_Barron|Brian Barron]], eyaweereza olutalo lwa Uganda–Tanzania ku lwa BBC ng’omusasi omukulu mu Afrika ng’ali wamu n’omukwasi wa kkamera [[:en:Mohamed_Amin|Mohamed Amin]] (tebelinako luganda) owa Visnews eya [[:en:Nairobi|Nairobi]], baazuula Amin nga 4 Ogwomukaaga 1980, era ne bafuna emboozi ey'akafubo naye nga eno yeyasooka okuva lwe yagibwa mu ntebe. <ref>Barron, Brian (16 August 2003).</ref> <ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0lhrPK-Mxtc</ref> Nga ali mu buwanganguse, Amin yaweereza ssente eri bannamaggye abaali b'alwana mu lutalo lw'omunsiko olwa [[:en:Ugandan_Bush_War|Uganda Bush War]] . Newankubadde nga yasigala awakanyizibwa abantu, abamu ku baali abagoberezi ba Amin awamu n’ebibinja by’abayeekera ebiwerako byagenda mu maaso n’okulwana mu linnya lye okumala emyaka kkumi era oluusi bawanjagira okusonyiyibwa kwe <ref>United Press International (12 August 1985).</ref> n’okuzzibwa ku ntebe y'obwa Pulezidenti wa Uganda. Mu mboozi ze yawa ng'ali mu buwanganguse mu Saudi Arabia, Amin yagamba nti Uganda yali ekyamwetaaga era teyalaga ngeri yonna ey'[[:en:Remorse|okwejjusa]] olw’obukambwe obwaliwo mu kisanja kye. <ref name="remorse">http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/2003-08-16-amin-obit_x.htm</ref> Mu Gusooka 1989, Amin yava mu buwanganguse nga tafunye lukusa okuva mu gavumenti ya Saudi Arabia n’alinnya ennyonyi n’omu ku batabani be n’agenda e [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] . Eyo, yagenderera okukungaanya eggye ly’abayeekera okuddamu okuwamba Uganda <ref name="Wiedemann">Wiedemann, Erich (22 May 2007).</ref> <ref name="AP1">Wormser, Andy; Doyle, Brian; Smith, Jason; Akhgar, Hamed; Disque, Eric; Higdon, Rob; Prangley, Anthony; Gonzalez-Conde, Jose Michael; Peters, Natalie; Avner, Phil; Landis, Zach; Hopman, Brian; Pruitt, Gary; Swartz, Steven R., eds.</ref> ekyavaamu [[:en:War_in_Uganda_(1986–1994)|lutalo olulala olw’omunda]] mu kiseera ekyo. Aba famire ye abalala baasigalayo mu Jeddah. <ref name="AP1" /> Newankubadde yakozesa paasipooti ya Zaire ey’ekikwangala, Amin yategeerekeka mangu nnyo olw'ali okutuuka mu nnyonyi ya [[:en:Air_Zaïre|Air Zaïre]] ku [[:en:N'djili_Airport|kisaawe ky’ennyonyi e N’djili]] era amangu ago n’akwatibwa ab’ebyokwerinda mu Zaire. Gavumenti ya Zaire yayisiza ddala bubi Amin mu kutuuka kwe era bagezaako n'okumugoba mu ggwanga lyaabwe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 January 1989 |title=Former Dictator Idi Amin to be Expelled From Zaire |url=https://apnews.com/article/2096a48144457832986deddf537e4f9b |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412124305/https://apnews.com/article/2096a48144457832986deddf537e4f9b |archive-date=12 April 2021 |access-date=24 February 2021 |website=AP News}}</ref> Mu kusooka, Saudi Arabia yali emugaanye okuddayo, <ref name="Wiedemann" /> <ref name="AP1" /> kubanga gavumenti yaayo yali enyiize nnyo nga bagamba nti 'yali ayisizza olugaayu mu ku mwola kwebaali bakoze' bwe yasalawo okuvaayo nga tafunye lukusa nga yali akikolwa olw'ensonga z'ebyobufuzi. <ref name="AP2">Shaw, Angus (19 January 1989).</ref> Gavumenti ya Zaire yali teyagala kuwaayo Amin mu Uganda eyali pulezidenti gye yali avunaanibwa emisango gy’obutemu wadde okumukuumira e Zaire, bwe kityo oky'aviirako okusika omuguwa mu nkolagana y’ensi yonna. Ekyavaamu, Amin yagobebwa n'agenda mu [[:en:Senegal|Senegal]] gye yali alina okusindikibwa okuddayo mu Saudi Arabia, kyokka gavumenti ya Senegal n’emuzzaayo e Zaire Saudi Arabia bwe yagenda mu maaso n’okumma Amin viza. <ref name="AP1" /> <ref name="AP2" /> Oluvannyuma lw'okujulira kwa Kabaka wa Morocco Hassan II, gavumenti ya Saudi Arabia yasembye okukkakkana n'ekkiriza Amin okudda. <ref name="Wiedemann" /> <ref name="AP2" /> Mu kuddamu, Amin yalina okusuubiza obutaddamu kwetaba mu mirimu gyonna egy’ebyobufuzi oba egy’amagye, wadde okuwa yintaviyu. Ekyavaamu obulamu bwe bwonna yabumala mu Saudi Arabia. <ref name="Wiedemann" /> Mu myaka egyasembayo egy’obulamu bwe, kigambibwa nti Amin yalya emmere [[:en:Fruitarian|erimu ebibala]] . <ref name=":0">Arad, Roy (15 April 2014).</ref> Okulya emicungwa buli lunaku kyamuweesa erinnya "Dr [[:en:Jaffa_orange|Jaffa]] " mu bantu ba Saudi Arabia. <ref name=":1">Goline, Adam Leith (2013). </ref> <ref name=":2">Smith, Joan (28 August 1999).</ref> == Obulwadde n’okufa kwe == Nga 19 Ogwomusanvu 2003, mukyala wa Amin owokuna, Nalongo Madina, yategeeza nti yali mu [[:en:Coma|kkoma]] era anaatera okufa mu [[:en:King_Faisal_Specialist_Hospital_and_Research_Centre|ddwaaliro lya King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center]] mu [[:en:Jeddah|Jeddah]], Saudi Arabia, olw’[[:en:Renal_failure|obulwadde bw’ekibumba]]. Yeegayirira Pulezidenti wa Uganda, [[:en:Yoweri_Museveni|Yoweri Museveni]], okumukkiriza okukomawo mu Uganda obulamu bwe bwali busidde. Museveni yayanukula ng'amba nti 'Amin yali wa kunnyonyola ebikolwa n'ebibi bye singa akomawo mu Uganda. <ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3093613.stm</ref> Famire ya Amin yatuuka n'esalawo okuggyako [[:en:Life_support|ebyuma eby'ali bimuyambako okussa]] era Amin n’afiira mu ddwaaliro e Jeddah nga 16 Ogwomunaana 2003. Yaziikibwa mu limbo y'e Ruwais e Jeddah mu ntaana ennyangu, awatali kabonero konna kakolebwa ng'omuntu ow'ekitiibwa aziikibwa. <ref name="APobit_attendancequote">https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2003-08-16-amin-obit_x.htm</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Amin, [[:en:David_Owen|David Owen]] yategeeza nti mu kisanja kye ng’omuwandiisi wa Bungereza ow’ensonga z’ebweru (1977 okutuuka mu 1979), yali ateesezza nti Amin [[:en:Assassination|attibwe]] . Kino akiwolerezza ng’awakanya nti: 'ssi swala olw'endowooza eyo kubanga ekisanja kye kibalibwa ng'ekimu ku bisanja eby'ali bisinga obubi mu bukulembeze bwa Afrika . <ref>Wooldridge, Mike; Owen, David (16 August 2003).</ref> == Famire ye n’abo be bayakolagana nabo == [[File:Lake_Viktoria_2009-08-26_14-29-23.JPG|thumb|300x300px|Ebyasigalira ku lubiri lwa Amin okumpi [[:en:Lake_Victoria|n'ennyanja Nnalubaale]]]] Idi Amin yawasa abakazi mukaaga, nga ku bano basatu [[:en:Divorce|yawawukana]] nabo. Yawasa mukazi we eyasooka n'owokubiri Malyamu ne Kay mu 1966. Mu 1967, yawasa Nora, n’oluvannyuma n’awasa Nalongo Madina mu 1972. Nga 26 Ogwokusatu 1974, yalangirira ku [[:en:Uganda_Broadcasting_Corporation|Radio Uganda]] nti yali atalase Malyamu, Kay ne Nora. <ref name="life_and_loves">https://web.archive.org/web/20080206070718/http://www.nationaudio.com/News/DailyNation/20082003/News/News122.html</ref> <ref>Kavuma, Richard (18 June 2007).</ref>[[Tororo|​]] Malyamu yakwatibwa mu [[:en:Tororo|Tororo]] ku nsalosalo za Kenya mu Gwokuna 1974 ng'avunaanibwa ogw'okugezaako okukukusa engoye mu Kenya <ref name="life_and_loves" /> <ref name="Amin_is_dead">Kibirige, David (17 August 2003).</ref> Mu 1974, Kay Amin yafa mu ngeri ey'ewunyisa ng'omulambo gwe ne gwasangibwa gutemeddwatemeddwa. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160725032835/http://www.biography.com/people/kay-amin-21075729</ref> Nora yaddukira e [[:en:Zaire|Zaire]] mu 1979; ebimukwatako kaakano tebimanyikiddwa. <ref name="Amin_is_dead" /> Mu Gwomusanvu 1975, Amin yategeka embaga ya miliyooni 2 eza pawundi okuwasa omuwala ow'emyaka 19 [[:en:Sarah_Kyolaba|Sarah Kyolaba]], [[:en:Go-go_dancing|omuzinyi wa go-go]] mu ''kibiina kya Revolutionary Suicide Mechanized Regiment Band'', ekyakazibwako erya "Suicide Sarah". <ref name="Sarah_Amin">Kalyegira, Timothy (14 June 2015).</ref> Embaga eno yabaddewo mu kiseera ky'olukiiko lw'ekibiina kya [[:en:Organisation_of_African_Unity|Organisation of African Unity]] (OAU) mu Kampala, era ssentebe w'ekibiina kya [[:en:Palestine_Liberation_Organisation|Palestine Liberation Organisation]], [[:en:Yasser_Arafat|Yasser Arafat]], yakola nga [[:en:Groomsman#Best_man|kalabaalaba]] wa Amin . <ref name="Widow_dies">Nakajubi, Gloria (15 June 2015).</ref> Nga tannasisinkana Amin, Sarah yali abeera ne muganzi we, Jesse Gitta; yabula era tekinnategeerekeka oba [[:en:Decapitation|yasalibwako omutwe]], oba yasibibwa oluvannyuma lw'okuddukira mu [[:en:Kenya|Kenya]] . <ref name="Sarah_Amin" /> Abafumbo bano baalina abaana bana era nga banyumirwa nnyo [[:en:Rallying|okuvuga emmotoka z’empaka]] ya Amin ekika kya [[:en:Citroën_SM|Citroën SM]], nga Sarah ye musomi wa maapu. <ref name="Sarah_Amin" /> Sarah yali [[:en:Hairdresser|musibi wa nviiri]] mu [[:en:Tottenham|Tottenham]] mu kaseera weyafira mu 2015. <ref name="Widow_dies" /> [[File:The_Late_Idi_Amin_Dada's_Presidential_Car.png|thumb|Mercedes Benz ya Amin gye yalina wakati wa 1972 ne 1979]] Mu 1993, Amin yali abeera n’abaana be omwenda abasembayo n’omukyala omu, Mama a Chumaru, maama w’abaana be bana abato. Omwana we eyasembayo okumanyibwa, muwala we Iman, yazaalibwa mu 1992. <ref>Foden, Giles (4 August 2007).</ref> Okusinziira ku lupapula lwa ''[[:en:Daily_Monitor|Daily Monitor]]'', Amin yaddamu n'awasa ng’ebula emyezi mitono afe mu 2003. <ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3156011.stm</ref> Amin yazaala abaana abasoba mu 60. [ b ] Okutuuka mu 2003, Taban Amin (yazaalibwa 1955), <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=fDoDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA35</ref> Mutabani wa Amin omukulu, yali mukulembeze wa [[:en:West_Nile_Bank_Front|West Nile Bank Front]] (WNBF), ekibiina ky'abayeekera ekyali kiwakanya gavumenti ya Yoweri Museveni. Mu 2005, Museveni [[:en:Amnesty|yamusonyiwa]], ate mu 2006, n’alondebwa okuba omumyuka wa Dayirekita w’ekitongole [[:en:Internal_Security_Organisation|ekivunaanyizibwa ku by’okwerinda munda mu ggwanga]] . <ref>Mcconnell, Tristan (12 February 2006).</ref> Omulala ku batabani ba Amin, Haji Ali Amin, yeesimbawo ku bwa Ssentebe (kwe kugamba meeya) wa Town Council y'e [[:en:Njeru|Njeru]] mu 2002 kyokka teyalondebwa. <ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1740272.stm</ref> Omwana wa Sarah Kyolaba owookusatu, Faisal Wangita (yazaalibwa mu 1983 mu Uganda; okusinziira ku ye yazaalibwa mu 1981 mu Saudi Arabia) yali yeenyigira mu butemu obw’obukambwe obw’ekibinja e [[:en:Camden_Town|Camden]], North London, mu 2006. Ku nsonga eno, yasalirwa ekibonerezo kya kusibwa emyaka etaano mu 2007, olw’okwekobaana okulumya, okwekobaana n’okubeera n'eby'okulwanyisa eby'obulabe n'okukyankalanya. Yasingisibwa emisango gy’okusangibwa n’ebyokulwanyisa eby'obulabe, obubbi n’obufere mu myaka egyayita. <ref>https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2007/aug/03/ukcrime</ref> Ku ntandikwa ya 2007, firimu eyawangula engule eya ''[[:en:The_Last_King_of_Scotland_(film)|The Last King of Scotland]]'' yaleetera omu ku batabani be, Jaffar Amin (yazaalibwa mu 1967), <ref name="usatoday.com">https://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2007-02-22-amin-protest_x.htm</ref> okwogera nga awolereza kitaawe. Jaffar Amin agamba nti yali awandiika kitabo okuddaabiriza erinnya lya kitaawe. <ref>https://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2007-02-22-amin-protest_x.htm</ref> Jaffar ye mwana wa kkumi ku baana 40 abatongole aba Amin abazaalibwa abakyala musanvu abatongole. <ref name="usatoday.com" /> Mu baali basinga enkolagana ne Amin mwalimu omuzungu [[:en:Bob_Astles|Bob Astles]] . <ref>https://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2007-02-22-amin-protest_x.htm</ref> [[:en:Isaac_Maliyamungu|Isaac Maliyamungu]] yali muyambi wa bikozesebwa era omu ku baserikale abaali batiibwa ennyo mu ggye lya Amin. == Enneyisa == === Amannya amapatiike === Mu myaka gye yamala mu buweereza, Amin yafuna amannya mangi, nga mangi ku go nga ganyoomola ekitiibwa kye: * "Big Daddy": <ref name="africa coup">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/when-uganda-last-played-africa-cup-idi-amin-ruled-1683198</ref> <ref>Sospeter Okero, Biching'a; Nyandoro Obara, George; Kebaya, Charles (22 September 2019).</ref> erinnya epaatiike ery'omukwano * ''kijambiya'' ("the [[:en:Machete|machete]] "): kigambibwa nti ab'ebyokwerinda mu Uganda batera okutta abantu baabwe n'ebijambiya. * "Omusanjazi wa Uganda" <ref name="africa coup" /> * "Omusanjazi wa Uganda" * "Omusanjazi wa Kampala" * "Hitler Omuddugavu" <ref name="AP2" /> * "Dada": Kikaayanirwa oba lino lyali kitundu ku linnya lya famire ya Amin oba lyali paatiike. Abamu ku batunuulizi bagamba nti ly'ali linnya epaatike ery'enneyisa ya Amin "ey'obutiitizi", anti eyinza okuvvuunulwa nga "mwannyina", newankubadde nga kino kibadde kiwakanyibwa abalala. Famire ya Amin etegeezezza nti "Dada" lyali linnya eddala ery'[[:en:Lugbara_people|abantu b'e Lugbara]] oluusi erikozesebwa ng'erinnya ly'omuntu. Omunoonyereza Mark Leopold yasalawo nti kino kyali kisukka ku linnya epaatiike. * "Dr. Jaffa": yafuna erinnya lino mu buwanganguse mu Saudi Arabia olw'okulya emicungwa buli lunaku naddala oluvannyuma lw'okugambibwa nti yakyuka n'adda mu [[:en:Fruitarianism|kulya ebibala]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Arad |first=Roy |date=15 April 2014 |editor-last=Benn |editor-first=Aluf |editor2-last=Schauberg |editor2-first=M. DuMont |editor3-last=Schocken |editor3-first=Amos |editor4-last=Solomon |editor4-first=Avi |editor5-last=Bronstein |editor5-first=Aviva |editor6-last=Nitzan |editor6-first=Yaniv |editor7-last=Vissan |editor7-first=Yossi |editor8-last=Guy |editor8-first=Guy |editor9-last=Guez |editor9-first=Rami |title=Beyond vegan: Israel's fruitarians like it raw |url=https://www.haaretz.com/food/.premium-beyond-vegan-israel-s-fruitarians-1.5245165 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218005913/https://www.haaretz.com/food/.premium-beyond-vegan-israel-s-fruitarians-1.5245165 |archive-date=18 February 2021 |access-date=17 February 2021 |website=[[Haaretz]] |publisher=Haaretz Group (Haaretz Daily Newspaper Ltd.) |place=Tel Aviv, Israel |language=English}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFArad2014">Arad, Roy (15 April 2014). </cite></ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Joan |date=28 August 1999 |editor-last=Marley |editor-first=David |editor2-last=Hubbard |editor2-first=Chloe |editor3-last=McInerney |editor3-first=Lucie |editor4-last=Taylor |editor4-first=Linda |editor5-last=Owens |editor5-first=Michael |editor6-last=Best |editor6-first=Richard |editor7-last=Alabaster |editor7-first=Olivia |editor8-last=Fox |editor8-first=Gemma |editor9-last=Holdaway |editor9-first=Jo |title=How sex turned into torture |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/how-sex-turned-into-torture-1118224.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218005855/https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/how-sex-turned-into-torture-1118224.html |archive-date=18 February 2021 |access-date=18 February 2021 |website=The Independent |publisher=Independent Digital News & Media Limited |place=[[London]], [[United Kingdom]] |language=English |issn=0951-9467 |oclc=185201487}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSmith1999">Smith, Joan (28 August 1999). </cite></ref> === Enneeyisa etali nnungi, ebitiibwa eby’okwewa n’okulaga ebifaananyi ebyalabikira ku mikutu gy’amawulire === [[File:Idi_Amin_caricature2.jpg|right|thumb|Ekifaananyi kya Amin mu 1977 mu kyambalo ky'amagye ne pulezidenti ekya [[:en:Edmund_S._Valtman|Edmund S. Valtman]]]] Emyaka bwe gyagenda giyitawo, enneeyisa ya Amin yali tekyategerekeka era nga ya bbugumu. Oluvannyuma lwa Bungereza okukutula enkolagana yonna ey’ekikungu ne gavumenti ye mu 1977, Amin yalangirira nti awangudde Abangereza, era ne yeewa ekitiibwa kya CBE (Conqueror of the British Empire). Ekitiibwa kye ekijjuvu kye yeewa okukkakkana nga kifuuse: 'ow'ekitiibwa, Pulezident w'obulamu bwonna, Feild Marshal AL Hadji, musawo, Idi Amin Dada, VC, DSO, MC,CBE, kabaka w'ebisolo eby'amaanyi ku nsi n'ebyennyanja ebiri mu nyanja era omuwanguzi w'amatwale ga Bungereza mu Afrika n'okusingira ddala Uganda , ng’oggyeeko okwewozaako kwe mu butongole nti ye [[:en:King_of_Scotland|kabaka wa Scotland]] [[:en:Pretender|atalina ngule]] . <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Appiah</ref> Teyafunako kiragiro kya Distinguished Service Order (DSO) oba Military Cross (MC). Yeewa [[:en:Juris_Doctor|diguli mu mateeka]] okuva mu yunivasite y’e Makerere wamu n’omudaali gwa Victorious Cross (VC), omudaali ogwakolebwa okukoppa British [[:en:Victoria_Cross|Victoria Cross]] . <ref>Lloyd, Lorna (2007) p.239</ref> Amin yafuuka omuntu ey'etolorwako olugambo, omuli n’okukkiriza okungi nti yali [[:en:Human_cannibalism|alya abantu]] . <ref>Orizio, Riccardo (21 August 2003).</ref> Kigambibwa nti Amin era yeewaana nti yali akuuma emitwe gy'abalabe be ab'ebyobufuzi mu firiiza ye, newankubadde nga yagamba nti ennyama y'omuntu "yalimu omunnyo mungi" ye gwatalya. <ref>https://www.iwmf.org/reporting/ghost-stories-idi-amins-torture-chambers/</ref> Mu kiseera Amin we yabeerera mu buyinza, emikutu gy’amawulire egy’ettutumu ebweru wa Uganda gyatera okumulaga ng’omuntu omusesa era ow’ekyewuunyo. [[:en:Julius_Harris|Julius Harris]] yakkaatirizza oludda lwa Amin olugambibwa nti lwa ‘clownish’ mu ''[[:en:Victory_at_Entebbe|Victory at Entebbe]]'', ate [[:en:Yaphet_Kotto|Yaphet Kotto]] n’ayongera okutenderezebwa olw’okulaga obutonde bwa Amin obw’akabi mu firimu ya ''[[:en:Raid_on_Entebbe_(film)|Raid on Entebbe]]'' . Mu kwekenneenya okwakolebwa mu 1977 okwaliwo mu kiseera ekyo, ekiwandiiko ekyafulumira mu magazini ya ''[[:en:Time_(magazine)|Time]]'' kyamwogerako nga omutemu era ddikuula, omusanyusa era ow'akamanyiiro' . <ref name="time">https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,918762,00.html</ref> Omuzannyo gwa comedy-variety series ''[[:en:Saturday_Night_Live|Saturday Night Live]]'' gwafulumya sketch za Amin nnya wakati wa 1976 ne 1979, omuli emu mwe yali omugenyi w'awaka eyeeyisa obubi mu buwanganguse, n'endala mwe yali omwogezi w'[[:en:Venereal_disease|enddwadde z'ekikaba]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Impressions – Idi Amin |url=http://snl.jt.org/imp.php?i=43 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214145150/http://snl.jt.org/imp.php?i=43 |archive-date=14 December 2013 |website=The SNL Archives}}</ref> Mu 1979, omukozi wa leediyo [[:en:Don_Imus|Don Imus]] yaka amasimu emirundi mingi ku mpewo ng'agezaako okwogera ne Amin, era oluvannyuma n'ategeka emboozi ey'akafubo eyalamulwa nga "encaafu ennyo". <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/?a=d&d=cs19801001-01.2.8& |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-08-27 |archive-date=2022-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130181549/https://spectatorarchive.library.columbia.edu/?a=d&d=cs19801001-01.2.8& |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu lulaga lwa ''[[:en:Benny_Hill_Show|Benny Hill Show]]'' olwa lagibwa mu Gusooka 1977, Hill yalaga Amin ng'atudde emabega w'emmeeza eyaliko ekipande ekyali kiwandiikiddwaako nti "ME TARZAN, U GANDA". <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://runstop.de/faces05.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-08-27 |archive-date=2016-05-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528232053/http://runstop.de/faces05.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Emikutu gy’amawulire egy’ebweru gy'avumiririrwa abawang’anguse n’abo abaali bavudde mu Uganda olw’okussa essira ku Amin okwegulumiza n'enneyisa ye saako n'okwegulumiza ebisukkiridde ate nga b'ebalama ebikolwa bye eby'obutemu. <ref name="Kibazo1">Kibazo, Joel (13 January 2007).</ref> Abakomentinga abalala baatuuka n’okugamba nti Amin yali agenderera okweyisa mu ngeri etategereekeka mu mikutu gy’amawulire egy’ebweru ng’omusajja omujoozi ow’angu okukoppa okusobola okukendeeza ku kweraliikirira kw’ensi yonna ku ngeri gye yaddukanyaamu Uganda. <ref>https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1439131/Idi-Amin.html</ref> Omujaasi wa Uganda era omuyeekera [[:en:Patrick_Kimumwe|Patrick Kimumwe]] yawakanya nti ebya Amin okweyisa nga ddikula n'enneyisa ye ey'obukambwe eri eddembe ly'obuntu mu Uganda. Bannamawulire [[:en:Tony_Avirgan_and_Martha_Honey|Tony Avirgan ne Martha Honey]] baawandiika nti,'Bannyonyola obukulembeze bwa Amin ng'enkola y'omusajja omu oba ekibinja ky'abatemu abatalina kisa tebituuka ku nsibuko y'obukulembeze . == Omukululo == Munnabyafaayo w’ekikula ky’abantu Alicia Decker yawandiika nti. 'enkolo n'enneyisa y'amaggye ga Uganda erabikira ddala nti egoberera nkola ya Amin'. Amangu ddala nga amaze okwewozaako, [[:en:War_correspondent|omusasiw'amawulire g’olutalo]] [[:en:Al_J_Venter|Al J Venter]] yategeeza nti Bannayuganda baali bakyamwogerako n'ebbanja eritali limu kati eririko obutwa. Ettuttumu lye mu Uganda libadde litunuulirwa mu myaka egisoba mu kkumi oluvannyuma lw’obukulembeze bwe mu ngeri enzibu okusinga mu nsi yonna. Abamu ku Bannayuganda bamutenderezza nti "yali ayagala nnyo eggwanga lye" era baali bawagira okusalawo kwe okugoba Abayindi mu ggwanga. Mu kiseera we yafiira, yali ajjukirwa nnyo naddala mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba bwa Uganda. <ref>"Bloody tyrant, now a good sort; Amin's legacy in Uganda".</ref> Omu ku batabani ba Amin, Jaffar Remo, yavumirira endowooza embi abantu gy'ebalina ku kitaawe era n’asaba wabeewo akakiiko akanoonyereza ku butuufu bw’okutulugunyizibwa okwakolebwa mu bukulembeze bwe. <ref>Eichner, Itamar (4 July 2016).</ref> == Mu buwangwa obumanyiddwa ennyo == Mu myaka gya 1970 nga Amin ali ku ntikko y’ettutumu lye, omuzannyi w’ebifaananyi Omuzungu [[:en:John_Bird_(actor)|John Bird]] yazannya ku lutambi lwa ''[[:en:The_Collected_Broadcasts_of_Idi_Amin|The Collected Broadcasts of Idi Amin]]'', ng’ebigambo byesigamiziddwa ku miko gya [[:en:Alan_Coren|Alan Coren]] egyali giwakanya Amin ''[[:en:Punch_(magazine)|Punch]]'' . <ref>https://www.youtube.com/playlist?app=desktop&list=PL38DeM8p3BJWvhm8mQqay9qrDhRzT69r2</ref> <ref>https://www.allmusic.com/album/the-collected-broadcasts-of-idi-amin-mw0000333589</ref> Mu 1975 oluyimba olw'okusuusuta olwa "Amazin' Man", olwali ku lutambi luno, lwafulumizibwa aba kkampuni ya [[:en:Transatlantic_Records|Transatlantic]] . <ref>https://www.45cat.com/record/big527</ref> <ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cVBV7e0ksXg</ref> Likodi eno yasigala okumala wiiki 12 mu [[:en:Australian_Singles_Chart|Australian Singles Chart]], n'etuuka ku ntikko ku nnamba 26. <ref>https://www.45cat.com/record/big527au</ref> Firimu y’ebiwandiiko eya ''[[:en:General_Idi_Amin_Dada:_A_Self_Portrait|General Idi Amin Dada: A Self Portrait]]'' eyakolebwa dayirekita [[:en:Barbet_Schroeder|Barbet Schroeder]] mu 1974 yakolebwa ng’ewagirwa era nga yeetabwamu Idi Amin. ''[[:en:Rise_and_Fall_of_Idi_Amin|Rise and Fall of Idi Amin]]'' (1981) firimu ya Kenya eraga ebikwata ku byafaayo by’obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin. Firimu eno yabunyisa engambo nyingi ezikwata ku bukambwe bwa Amin, gamba ng’ebigambibwa nti yatemaatema omu ku bakyala be mu bitundutundu. Amin azannyibwa [[:en:Joseph_Olita|Joseph Olita]], eyaddamu okuzannya ekifo kino mu ''[[:en:Mississippi_Masala|Mississippi Masala]]'' (1991), firimu ekwata ku mukwano wakati w'Abafirika n'Abaasia-Amerika oluvannyuma lwa Amin [[:en:Expulsion_of_Asians_from_Uganda|okugoba Abayindi mu Uganda mu 1972]] . Amin y’enmutwe omukulu ogutambulirwako mu itabo kya munnamawulire OAmuuungu [[:en:Giles_Foden|Giles Foden]] ekya ''[[:en:The_Last_King_of_Scotland|The Last King of Scotland]]'' (1998), ekikwata ku Uganda ya Idi Amin ng’eyita mu maaso g’omusawo omuto Omuscotland. Ekitabo kino kyakyusibwa ne kifuulibwa [[:en:The_Last_King_of_Scotland_(film)|firimu ya 2006]], nga yazanyibwa [[:en:Forest_Whitaker|Forest Whitaker]] nga Amin. Olw'okuzannya kwe, Whitaker yalondeddwa ng'omuzannyi omukulu eyasinga mu mpaka za [[:en:Academy_Award_for_Best_Actor|Academy Awards]], [[:en:BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Leading_Role|BAFTA Awards]], [[:en:Screen_Actors_Guild_Award_for_Outstanding_Performance_by_a_Male_Actor_in_a_Leading_Role|Screen Actors Guild Awards]], [[:en:Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Motion_Picture_–_Drama|Golden Globes]] ne [[:en:Critics'_Choice_Movie_Award_for_Best_Actor|Critics Choice Movie Awards]] . <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/video/film-the-last-king-of-scotland-preview-interviews-with-news-footage/671330738 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-08-28 |archive-date=2023-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230817040823/https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/video/film-the-last-king-of-scotland-preview-interviews-with-news-footage/671330738 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[:en:Fruitarianism#Notable_adherents|Abagoberezi abamanyiddwa ennyo mu nkola y’okulya ebibala]] == Ebiwandiiko == <nowiki>.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</nowiki> == Ebiwandiikdwao ebikozesebwa == {{Reflist}} == Ensonda ezikozeseddwa ==   == Ebijuliziddwa w'abweru wa Wikipedia ==   * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3156011.stm The Idi Amin I knew], Brian Barron, BBC, 16 Ogwomunaana 2003. Mulimu akatambi ka [http://news.bbc.co.uk/olmedia/cta/events03/world/africa/barron_1999_legacy.ram Brian Barron ng’abuuza Idi Amin] mu buwanganguse mu 1980. The Atlantic – 1 Ogwokuna 2001 Memo ne Quincy LS the series * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110604105901/http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=4169600956573058582 General Idi Amin Dada: Yeekubye ekifaananyi] ku [[:en:Google_Videos|Google Videos]] ( [[:en:Flash_Video|Flash Video]] ) * [http://www.idiamindada.com/ idiamindada.com], omukutu ogwewaddeyo eri omusika gwa Idi Amin ogwatondebwawo mutabani we Jaffar Amin * Idi Amin {{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=[[Milton Obote]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[President of Uganda]]|years=1971–1979}} {{s-aft|after=[[Yusufu Lule]]}} {{s-end}}{{UgandaPresidents}}{{African Union chairpersons}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Amin, Idi}} [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] 8yk1r11jr60mcvsz8qbizbv07kzp9qn 0 7887 66824 61389 2026-08-05T19:03:28Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66824 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Grace Akello''' (yazaalibwa mu 1950) [[Munnayuganda]] Omutontomi, omuwandiisi w'emboozi empanvu, omuwandiisi w'ennyimba ennansi era munnabyabufuzi.<ref name="WWCWW">https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-TMhtk5AUYC</ref> Ye ambasada wa Uganda mu nsi ya [[:en:India|India]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190406192558/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1468071/grace-akello-uganda-ambassador-india</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://newdelhi.mofa.go.ug/data-smenu-55-Ambassador-Grace-Akello.html |access-date=2021-04-09 |archive-date=2019-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406191057/https://newdelhi.mofa.go.ug/data-smenu-55-Ambassador-Grace-Akello.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Obuto bwe n'ebyensoma == Dinah Grace Akello [[:en:Teso_people|Muteeso (Iteso)]],era yazaalibwa mu bitundu ebiriraanye ekibuga [[Soroti]], ekisangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa [[:en:Uganda_Protectorate|Uganda.]] Yasoma bya kuweereza na kuyamba bantu (Social Administration and Social Work) nga Ddiguli eno yagisomera ku [[:en:Makerere_University|Makerere University]] mu [[Kampala]]. Mu 1979, yabeerako e [[Tanzania]] bwe yali adduse ekibambulira kya Gavumenti ya Pulezidenti [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]] era yaliyo ng'omunoonyi w'obubudamu.<ref name="pompey">http://portsmouth.anglican.org/fileadmin/images/pompey_chimes/2007/2007-02p8-9.pdf</ref> == Emirimu gye == Yakolako ng'omukuŋŋaanya w'akatabo ka maagaziini akaafulumiranga e [[Kenya]] n'e Tanzania mu kiseera nga tannagenda Bungereza. Bwe yatuuka e Bungereza awo mu myaka gy'ekinaana (1980s) yafuuka omumuka w'omukuŋŋaanya w'ekitongole ky'amawanga agaaliko mu luse lwa Bungereza ekya [[:en:Commonwealth_Secretariat|Commonwealth Secretariat]]. Ekifo kino Akello yakirimu okuva mu 1983 okutuuka mu 1990.<ref name="pompey"/> == Ebyobufuzi == Mu 1990, Grace Akello yadda ku butaka e Uganda n'akola akakiiko akaaluubirira okutaasa [[:en:Teso_people|Abateeso]] (Teso People) abaali bagobwa ku ttaka lyabwe kw'ossa okuttibwa ku mulembe gwa Idi Amin Dada. Akakiiko kano kaaliwo okutuusa mu mwaka gwa 1996.<ref name="pompey"/> Mu 1996, yafuuka Omubaka wa [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] era mu 1999 yalondebwa okubeera Minisita w'ekikula ky'abantu, abakozi n'enkulaakulana.<ref>http://conferences.ifpri.org/2020africaconference/advisory/bios.asp#akello</ref> Okuva mu 1999 okutuuka mu 2006, yali Minisita mu [[:en:Cabinet_of_Uganda|Kabineeti y'eggwanga Uganda.]] Yali Minisita w'obwegassi n'okutereka / Microfinance Initiatives okuva mu 1999 okutuuka mu 2003, era n'afuuka Minisita w'Amambuka ga Uganda okuva mu 2003 okutuusa mu 2006. Grace Akello yafuuka Ambasada wa Uganda mu Italy, ng'abeera mu kibuga Rome oluvannyuma n'afuuka Ambasada wa Uganda mu India ng'atuula mu kibuga [[:en:New_Delhi|New Delhi]]. == Litulica == Mu 1992, yawandiika ekitontome kye yatuuma "Encounter"(Okweŋŋanga). Era ayongera n'agamba nti oluyimba lwe olwa ''My Barren Song'' lwavuganya mu mpaka za [[:en:Daughters_of_Africa|Margaret Busby's ''Daughters of Africa'']], era nassibwa mu ttuluba ly'abakazi abawandiisi abakuukuutivu mu Afrika.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780224035927"Encounter", in {{cite book|editor1-last=Busby|editor1-first=Margaret|title=Daughters of Africa: An International Anthology of Words and Writings by Women of African Descent from the Ancient Egyptian to the Present|url=https://archive.org/details/daughtersofafric0000unse_w7i5|date=1992|publisher=Jonathan Cape|isbn=9780224035927|pages=[https://archive.org/details/daughtersofafric0000unse_w7i5/page/638 638]–39|edition=1st}}</ref> == Bye yawandiika == * ''Iteso Thought Patterns in Tales'', 1975 * ''My Barren Song''. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Eastern African Publications, 1979 * ''Self Twice-Removed: Ugandan Woman'', London: Change International Reports, 1982 == Obulamu bwe obw'omunda == Grace Akello yafumbirwa, [[:en:Portsmouth_City_Council#Councillors_and_wards|Hugh Mason]], mu 1983. Baazaala abaana abalenzi bana (4) nga babeera mu maka gaabwe mu Uganda ku nkingizzi z'ekibuga Kampala .<ref name="WWCWW"/> == Ebijulizo == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] qkohd82e71orl66lbkutrpumorkao94 0 7947 66840 64144 2026-08-05T19:16:31Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66840 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Moses Ali''' (5 Ogwokuna 1939 - 18 Ogwomusanvu 2026) yali [[Munnayuganda|Munnayuganda,]] munnabyabufuzi era nga munnamagye eyawummula. <ref>{{cite web|access-date=13 February 2015|first=Gawaya|newspaper=[[Daily Monitor]]|location=Kampala|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/OpEd/Commentary/Gen--Moses-Ali-s-promotion--How-did-he-earn-the-four-stars-/-/689364/1467126/-/qm3rmn/-/index.html|title=General Moses Ali’s Promotion: How Did He Earn The Four Stars?|last=Tegulle|date=31 July 2012|archive-date=6 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906195651/http://www.monitor.co.ug/OpEd/Commentary/Gen--Moses-Ali-s-promotion--How-did-he-earn-the-four-stars-/-/689364/1467126/-/qm3rmn/-/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>Ye mumyuka wa Prime Minisita owookubiri era nga y'amyuka akulira ebya bizinensi za gavumenti mu paalamenti.<ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/final-cabinet-list-jessica-alupo-new-vice-president-3430616</ref> Yakolako mu [[Kabineti ya Uganda]] nga [[Omumyuka wa Prime minisita owookusatu]] n'omumyuka w'akulira ebya bizinensi za gavumenti okuva mu Gwokutaano 2011 okutuuka mu Gwomukaaga 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150208384704078&comments|title=Comprehensive List of New Cabinet Appointments & Dropped Ministers|date=27 May 2011|access-date=13 February 2015|first=.|last=Uganda State House|publisher=[[Facebook.com]]}}</ref> Yakolako nga Amyuka Prime Minisita asooka okuva mu gwomukaaga 2016 okutuuka mu gwokutaano 2021.<ref>{{cite web|date=6 June 2016|access-date=13 June 2016|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/314964607/New-Cabinet|title=Uganda's New Cabinet As At 6 June 2016|publisher=Scribd.com|author=Uganda State House}}</ref> Yaliko era abadde [[Mubaka wa paalamenti]] akiikirira East Moyo County mu [[Adjumani (disitulikit)|Adjumani Disitulikiti]] okuva mu 2011.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]] (POU)|access-date=13 February 2015|url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=13&const=East+Moyo+County&dist_id=36&distname=Adjumani|title=Profile of Ali Moses, Member of Parliament for East Moyo County, Adjumani District|author=POU|location=Kampala|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924064500/http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=13&const=East+Moyo+County&dist_id=36&distname=Adjumani|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma == Moses Ali yazaalibwa mu [[Adjumani (disitulikit)|Adjumani Disitulikiti]], [[Ekitundu kya West Nile]], mu [[Mambuka ga Uganda.]] Yazaalibwa nga 5 ogwokuna 1939.<ref>{{cite web|first=Carol|newspaper=[[New Vision]]|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/642015-amin-played-moses-ali-against-yusuf-gowon.html|title=Amin Played Moses Ali Against Yusuf Gowon|access-date=13 February 2015|date=24 April 2013|last=Natukunda|location=Kampala}}</ref> Alina [[Ddiguli mu mateeka (LLB)]], gye yafunira e [[Makerere University]]. Alina ne Di[[ploma mu Legal Practice]], okuva mu [[:en:Law_Development_Center|Law Development Center]] mu [[Kampala]]. Moses Ali alina obumanyirivu okuva mu matendekero g'amagye mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]], [[Israel]] ne mu [[United Kingdom]].<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]] (POU)|access-date=13 February 2015|url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=13&const=East+Moyo+County&dist_id=36&distname=Adjumani|title=Profile of Ali Moses, Member of Parliament for East Moyo County, Adjumani District|author=POU|location=Kampala|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924064500/http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=13&const=East+Moyo+County&dist_id=36&distname=Adjumani|url-status=dead}}</ref> Musajja Musiraamu.<ref>chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/viewer.html?pdfurl=https%3A%2F%2Fsemuwemba.files.wordpress.com%2F2010%2F03%2Fnubians-of-east-africa.pdf&clen=2093266&chunk=true</ref> == Emirimu == Ali yeetaba mu [[lutalo lwa Uganda olwaggyako Pulezidenti Milton Obote mu 1971]] ne luleeta [[Idi Amin]] mu ntebe. Yagenda atyo nga akuzibwa mu biseera bya [[Republic ya Uganda eyookubiri]] nga Amin y'afuga eggwanga nga munnamagye ew'effuga bbi. Ali yalondebwa nga [[Minisita w'eby'enfuna,]]<ref>{{cite web|first=Carol|newspaper=[[New Vision]]|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/642015-amin-played-moses-ali-against-yusuf-gowon.html|title=Amin Played Moses Ali Against Yusuf Gowon|access-date=13 February 2015|date=24 April 2013|last=Natukunda|location=Kampala}}</ref> era yakozesa ekifo kye okutegeka obusiraamu. Kino kyamuwangulira ettutumu mu bantu naye ate kyayongera kweraliikiriza Amin,<ref name=":0">[[Template:Sfn]]</ref> nga atya nti Ali agezaako kuzimba buwagizi bwa basiraamu mu by'obufuzi.<ref>[[Template:Sfn]]</ref> Mu gwokuna 1978, Pulezidenti yategeka olukiiko mu Kampala, gye yagobera ba Minisita abaali batagondera biragiro bye, nga ba maanyi nnyo oba nga ate tebalina bumanyirivu mu bye bakola. Nga avuunaana [[Minisita w'eby'enfuna]] okukozesa obubi [[Bank of Uganda]] n'okulya enguzi, Amin yakambuwala nnyo mu kwogera kwe era nga yayogerera Ali. Bwe yamanyi nti tasobola kwewolereza, Ali yasalawo alekulire mbagirawo. Yasalawo ave mu Kampala mu kimugunyu mu mmotoka ye n'agenda mu kyalo kyabwe mu kitundu kya West Nile. Bwe yatuukayo, waliwo akabinja k'abatemu ne kamulumba, naye yabawangula nga akozesa emmundu. Ali yakakasa nti okulumbibwa okwo kwali kutegekeddwa komanda wa [[Uganda Army]] [[Yusuf Gowon]], nga ono yali mulabe we wadda.<ref name=":0" /> Amin yamuggyako ebitiibwa bye eby'amagye byonna.<ref>[[Template:Sfn]]</ref> Enfuga ya Amini bwe yaggwaawo mu lutalo lwa [[:en:Uganda–Tanzania_War|Uganda–Tanzania War]] mu 1978-1979, Ali yagenda mu buwanganguse mu Southern Sudan, n'afuna obubudamo mu [[Nimule]].<ref>[[Template:Sfn]]</ref> Mu myaka gya1980 yakulembera ekibiina kya [[:en:Uganda_National_Rescue_Front|Uganda National Rescue Front]] mu kwegugunga okwali kuwakanya okudda kwa gavumenti ya Pulezidenti Milton Obote,<ref>{{cite web|first=Carol|newspaper=[[New Vision]]|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/642015-amin-played-moses-ali-against-yusuf-gowon.html|title=Amin Played Moses Ali Against Yusuf Gowon|access-date=13 February 2015|date=24 April 2013|last=Natukunda|location=Kampala}}</ref> n'afuuka omukulu w'olutalo mu Southern Sudan.<ref name=":0">[[Template:Sfn]]</ref> Nga akozesa obuyinza bwe n'amaanyi ge, Ali yateesa ne [[Yoweri Museveni]] eyadda mu ntebe nga Pulezidenti mu nkomerero y'olutalo lw'omunsiko mu 1986. Amagye ge gaayingira mu ga Uganda amaggya era [[:en:National_Resistance_Army|National Resistance Army]] n'efuuka [[:en:Uganda_People's_Defence_Force|Uganda People's Defence Force]] era n'alondebwa nga [[Major General.]]<ref name=":0" /> Eky'ava mu maanyi g'ekifo kye yafuna mu gavumenti ya Uganda empya, Ali yafuuka mugagga ate nga bamuwuliriramu.<ref name=":0" /> Ali yalinnya ki kifo ky'[[Amyuka Prime Minisita asooka]] mu gavumenti ya Museveni. Yakola mu paalamenti ya Uganda okuva mu 2001.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|first=Carol|newspaper=[[New Vision]]|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/642015-amin-played-moses-ali-against-yusuf-gowon.html|title=Amin Played Moses Ali Against Yusuf Gowon|access-date=13 February 2015|date=24 April 2013|last=Natukunda|location=Kampala}}</ref> Yaddamu n'akuzibwa nga [[Lieutenant General]] nga 13 gwokusatu 2003,<ref>{{cite web|publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]] (POU)|access-date=13 February 2015|url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=13&const=East+Moyo+County&dist_id=36&distname=Adjumani|title=Profile of Ali Moses, Member of Parliament for East Moyo County, Adjumani District|author=POU|location=Kampala|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924064500/http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=13&const=East+Moyo+County&dist_id=36&distname=Adjumani|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>[[Template:Sfn]]</ref>naye yafiirwa ebifo byombi mu paalamenti n'obwa Minisita mu 2006. Mu 2011, nga alina emyaka 72 yaddamu okufuna ekifo kye mu paalamenti era n'aweebwa obuvunaanyizibwa obupya.<ref name=":0" /> Mu mwaka ogwaddako, Ali y'addamu n'akuzibwa ku ddaala lya [[General]] mu Uganda People's Defence Force.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=13 February 2015|first=Gawaya|newspaper=[[Daily Monitor]]|location=Kampala|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/OpEd/Commentary/Gen--Moses-Ali-s-promotion--How-did-he-earn-the-four-stars-/-/689364/1467126/-/qm3rmn/-/index.html|title=General Moses Ali’s Promotion: How Did He Earn The Four Stars?|last=Tegulle|date=31 July 2012|archive-date=6 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906195651/http://www.monitor.co.ug/OpEd/Commentary/Gen--Moses-Ali-s-promotion--How-did-he-earn-the-four-stars-/-/689364/1467126/-/qm3rmn/-/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>[[Template:Sfn]]</ref> Mu 2016, bwe yamala okulondebwa mu paalamenti, y'addamu n'alondebwa ku bwa omumyuka wa Prime Minisita asooka ate nga ye Mumyuka w'akulira ebya bizinensi za gavumenti mu paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web|date=6 June 2016|access-date=13 June 2016|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/314964607/New-Cabinet|title=Uganda's New Cabinet As At 6 June 2016|publisher=Scribd.com|author=Uganda State House}}</ref> == Laba == * Cabinet of Uganda * Parliament of Uganda == Obuto bwe n'emisomo gye == Moses Ali yazaalibwa nga 5 April 1939 mu [[Adjumani (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Adjumani]], mu disitulikiti y'Atabo mu division y’e Pakele mu Disitulikiti y’e Adjumani. Yazaalibwa Muhammad Ali ne Veronica Porsche Ali okuva mu Disitulikiti y’e Adjumani.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Editor |first=Flash Uganda |last2=Uganda |first2=Flash |date=2022-09-25 |title=Gen Moses Ali: Biography, Family, Health and Wife |url=https://flashugnews.com/gen-moses-ali-biography-age-health-education-family-and-wife/ |access-date=2026-07-11 |website=Flash Uganda Media |language=English}}</ref><ref name="Played">{{Cite web |last=Natukunda |first=Carol |date=24 April 2013 |title=Amin Played Moses Ali Against Yusuf Gowon |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/642015-amin-played-moses-ali-against-yusuf-gowon.html |access-date=13 February 2015}}</ref> Yatuula ebigezo bya PLE mu [[Erepi Church of Uganda]] mu 1957, era n’afuna satifikeeti mu [[Church of Uganda Junior SS]] mu 1957. Okuva mu 1964 okutuuka mu 1966, yagenda mu [[Old Kampala Secondary School]] okufuna satifikeeti ye mu by’enjigiriza. Yafuna satifikeeti mu kutendeka abaserikale obusirikale mu Yisirayiri . Era yakola satifikeeti mu Paratrooper Instructors Training mu Yisirayiri mu 1969, n’afuna satifikeeti mu Company Commanders Course mu Yisirayiri mu 1972. Mu 2007, yafuna satifikeeti mu by’enjigiriza mu mateeka mu yunivasite y’e Wolverhampton.<ref name=":1" /> Ali yalina diguli ya Bachelor of Laws ( LLB ) okuva mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y'e Makerere]] ne Dipuloma mu by'amateeka okuva mu [[Law Development Centre]] mu [[Kampala]] . Era yalina ebisaanyizo okuva mu matendekero g’amagye ag’enjawulo mu Uganda, Yisirayiri, ne [[Great Britain|Bungereza]].<ref name="Parliament">{{Cite web |last=POU |title=Profile of Ali Moses, Member of Parliament for East Moyo County, Adjumani District |url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=13&const=East+Moyo+County&dist_id=36&distname=Adjumani |access-date=13 February 2015 |publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]] (POU)}}</ref> Yali Musiraamu. == Obuto bwe n'emisomo gye == Moses Ali yazaalibwa nga 5 April 1939 mu [[Adjumani (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Adjumani]], mu disitulikiti y'Atabo mu division y’e Pakele mu Disitulikiti y’e Adjumani. Yazaalibwa Muhammad Ali ne Veronica Porsche Ali okuva mu Disitulikiti y’e Adjumani.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Editor |first=Flash Uganda |last2=Uganda |first2=Flash |date=2022-09-25 |title=Gen Moses Ali: Biography, Family, Health and Wife |url=https://flashugnews.com/gen-moses-ali-biography-age-health-education-family-and-wife/ |access-date=2026-07-11 |website=Flash Uganda Media |language=English}}</ref><ref name="Played">{{Cite web |last=Natukunda |first=Carol |date=24 April 2013 |title=Amin Played Moses Ali Against Yusuf Gowon |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/642015-amin-played-moses-ali-against-yusuf-gowon.html |access-date=13 February 2015}}</ref> Yatuula ebigezo bya PLE mu [[Erepi Church of Uganda]] mu 1957, era n’afuna satifikeeti mu [[Church of Uganda Junior SS]] mu 1957. Okuva mu 1964 okutuuka mu 1966, yagenda mu [[Old Kampala Secondary School]] okufuna satifikeeti ye mu by’enjigiriza. Yafuna satifikeeti mu kutendeka abaserikale obusirikale mu Yisirayiri . Era yakola satifikeeti mu Paratrooper Instructors Training mu Yisirayiri mu 1969, n’afuna satifikeeti mu Company Commanders Course mu Yisirayiri mu 1972. Mu 2007, yafuna satifikeeti mu by’enjigiriza mu mateeka mu yunivasite y’e Wolverhampton.<ref name=":1" /> Ali yalina diguli ya Bachelor of Laws ( LLB ) okuva mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y'e Makerere]] ne Dipuloma mu by'amateeka okuva mu [[Law Development Centre]] mu [[Kampala]] . Era yalina ebisaanyizo okuva mu matendekero g’amagye ag’enjawulo mu Uganda, Yisirayiri, ne [[Great Britain|Bungereza]].<ref name="Parliament">{{Cite web |last=POU |title=Profile of Ali Moses, Member of Parliament for East Moyo County, Adjumani District |url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=13&const=East+Moyo+County&dist_id=36&distname=Adjumani |access-date=13 February 2015 |publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]] (POU)}}</ref> Ali musajja Musiraamu. == Ebijuliziddwa ==  {{reflist}} === Ebirlala ebijuliziddwa === * {{cite book|last=Kasozi|first=A.B.K.|editor1=Nakanyike Musisi|editor2=James Mukooza Sejjengo|title=Social Origins of Violence in Uganda, 1964–1985|publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press|date=1994|location=Montreal; Quebec|url=https://books.google.com/?id=YSa7Wxuw50YC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|isbn=978-0-7735-1218-4}}  *  {{cite book|last=Rice|first=Andrew|title=The Teeth May Smile But the Heart Does Not Forget: Murder and Memory in Uganda|url=https://archive.org/details/teethmaysmilebut00rice|date=2009|publisher=Henry Holt and Company|location=New York City|isbn=978-0-8050-7965-4}} == Ezenyongeza == * [http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/publisher,IRBC,,UGA,3df4beb910,0.html Profile At Unhcr.org] * [http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/1170806/-/c0y8sbz/-/index.html Full Cabinet List, May 2011] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] 5uq0o4zxh525fwi4v9mtepot4z8c1v1 0 7986 66792 66684 2026-08-05T18:33:14Z 24RAY 11014 ngasseeko ebijuliziddwa 66792 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''<big>John Patrick Amama Mbabazi</big>''', SC amanyiddwa nga Amama Mbabazi yazaalibwa nga 16 Ogwolubereberye 1949. munnabyabufuzi era Munnayuganda, yaweerezaako mu Paalamenti ey'omwenda nga [[Ssaabaminisita wa Uganda|Ssaabaminisita]] wa Uganda okuva nga 24 Ogwokutaano 2011 okutuuka nga 19 Ogwomwenda 2014.yakola omulimu munene nyo mu gavumenti ez'enjawulo ezirwanyisa obufuzi bwa bamusibiramubbwa okuva mu (1972-1986) era y'omu ku batandisi b'ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]], ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza kati.<ref name=":0">Musoke, Cyprian (24 May 2011). [http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1011194/amama-mbabazi-eur-road-prime-minister "Amama Mbabazi's road to Prime Minister"]. [http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1011194/amama-mbabazi-eur-road-prime-minister New Vision]. Retrieved 15 July 2015.</ref> Mbabazi yaweerezaako ng'omubaka mu Paalamenti akiikirira konsityuwensi y'e Kinziki ey'Obugwanjuba mu Disitulikiti y'e Kanungu, yawereza ku kifo kino okuva mu 1996 okutuusa mu 2016 lwe yavuganya ku kifo ky'omukulembeze w'eggwanga naye n'awangulwa.<ref>Daily Monitor (2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20121002055537/http://www.monitor.co.ug/blob/view/-/1163512/data/262039/-/whf62vz/-/parliament.pdf "Members of the 9th Ugandan Parliament (2011 - 2016)"] (PDF). ''[[:en:Daily_Monitor|Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala, Uganda. Archived from [http://www.monitor.co.ug/blob/view/-/1163512/data/262039/-/whf62vz/-/parliament.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2 October 2012. Retrieved 28 July 2014.</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Amama Mbabazi yazaalibwa nga 16 Ogwoluberyeberye 1949, ku kyalo Mparo mu Ssaza lye Rukiga, kati emanyiddwa nga Disitulikiti y'e Rukiga.<ref name=":0" /> Yasomerako mu matendekero ag'amaanyi era agamanyiddwa ennyo mu Ggwanga mu kiseera eky'abafuzi b'amatwale ne mu kaseera nga Uganda efunye obwetwaze: Kigezi College Butobere gy'eyasomera siniya,<ref>Ssekika, Edward (14 August 2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150715230626/http://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=14694%3Ambabazi-mutebile-to-revive-former-school "Mbabazi, Mutebile to revive former school"]. ''[[:en:The_Observer_(Uganda)|The Observer (Uganda)]]''. Kampala. Archived from [http://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=14694:mbabazi-mutebile-to-revive-former-school the original] on 15 July 2015. Retrieved 15 July 2015.</ref> n'e ssomero lya Ntare gye yasomera siniya y'eyomukaaga. Mbabazi yafuna Ddiguli ye esooka Mumateeka okuva ku Yunivasite y'e Makerere.<ref name=":0" /> [[File:Kigezi College Butobere.jpg|thumb|'''Kigezi College Butobere''']] ne [[Ntare School|Ntare school]] ng'eno gye yasomera siniya ey'omukaaga <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150715230626/http://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=14694%3Ambabazi-mutebile-to-revive-former-school</ref>.Mbabazi yafuna diguli y'amateeka okuva mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|Ssettendekero wa Makerere.]]<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1011194/amama-mbabazi-eur-road-prime-minister</ref> N'oluvanyuma n'afuna dipulooma mu kukozesa amateeka okuva mu [[Law Development Centre|Law Development center]] mu [[Kampala]]<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1011194/amama-mbabazi-eur-road-prime-minister</ref> Munnamateeka mu kkooti ya uganda enkulu era abadde mmemba w'ekibiina ekigatta bannamateeka bonna mu Uganda okuviira ddala mu mwaka gwa 1977<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140728232812/http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=18&const=Kinkiizi+County+West&dist_id=65&distname=Kanungu</ref> == Emirimu gye == Nga tanaba kwesogga kisaawe ky'e byobufuzi, yaweerezaako nga [[Saabawolereza wa gavumenti ya Uganda|Ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti]] okuva mu 1976 okutuuka mu 1978 era n'asuumusibwa okufuuka Ssaabawandiisi w'ekibiina ekigatta bannamateeka mu ggwanga okuva mu mwaka gwa 1977 okutuuka mu mwaka gwa 1979<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1011194/amama-mbabazi-eur-road-prime-minister</ref> Wakati wa 1986 ne 1992, Mbabazi yaweerezaako ng'akulira ekitongole ekirondoola eby'okwerinda bya Uganda n'ebweru waayo (ESO)<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1011194/amama-mbabazi-eur-road-prime-minister</ref>Wakati wa 1999 ne 2000, yaweerezaako nga Minisita omubeezi mu office y'omukulembeze w'eggwanga avunaanyizibwa ku nsonga z'eby'obufuzi.<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1011194/amama-mbabazi-eur-road-prime-minister</ref><ref>https://www.weforum.org/people/amama-mbabazi/</ref> yafuuka ssaabawandiisi w'akakundi k'ekibiina kya NRM aka Constituent Assembly <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituent_Assembly</ref>akaakola Ssemateeka wa 1995 wakati wa 1986 ne 1992.<ref>https://www.watchdoguganda.com/news/20210520/114053/profile-who-is-amama-mbabazi-the-nrm-historical-likely-to-bounce-back-as-prime-minister-or-vice-president-in-musevenis-new-cabinet.html</ref> Yaliko Minisita w'eggwanga ow'eby'okwerinda wakati wa 1986 ne 1992<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1011194/amama-mbabazi-eur-road-prime-minister</ref>era n'aweerezaako nga minisita omubeezi owa regional cooperation okuva mu mwaka gwa 1998 okutuuka mu 2001<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1011194/amama-mbabazi-eur-road-prime-minister</ref>. yaliko ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti ate nga Minisita w'obwenkanya okuva mu 2004 okutuuka mu 2006 ekifo ekyamuwanguza n'ekitiibwa ky'okubeera minisita asinze okukola obulungi (super minister).mu mwaka gwa 2006 Mbabazi yalondebwa okubeera minisita w'eby'okwerinda ekifo ky'eyabeeramu okutuusa lwe yafuulibwa minisita w'obutebenkevu mu 2009<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20141211112501/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/501695</ref> era nga ekifo kino yakibeeramu okutuusa mu mwezi Gwokutaano mu mwaka gwa 2011 lwe yalondebwa ku kifo ky'obwa ssaabamininsita w'eggwanga. Yaliko ssaabawandiisi w'ekibiina kya NRM okuva mu Gwekkuminobumu 2005 okutuusa mu Gusooka 2015.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150702082932/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/666515</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150716174439/http://www.theinsider.ug/court-dismisses-mbabazi-nrm-case/</ref> === Okuvuganya ku bwa Pulezidenti === Mukwano gwa Amama Mbabazi ow'omubuto<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/659918-ruhakana-rugunda-new-prime-minister.html</ref>,[[Ruhakana Ruganda|Ruhakana Rugunda]], yalondebwa ku kifo ky'obwa ssaabaminisita nga 18 Ogwomwenda 2014 ng'adda mu bigere bya Amama Mbabazi. okugobwa kwa Mbabazi kwalabibwa ng'ekibonerezo Museveni kye yali awadde Mbabazi oluvannyuma lw'engambo ezaali ziyitingana nti Mbabazi yali yegwanyiza entebe y'obukulembeze era yalina enteekateeka okwenyigira mu lw'okaano lw'okwesimbawo ku bukulembeze bw'eggwanga. Amangu ddala ng'ennaku z'omwezi 15 Ogwomukaaga 2015<ref>https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21654666-ugandan-presidents-29-year-rule-coming-end-bored-big-man</ref> Mbabazi yalangirira okwesimbawo ku kifo ky'omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement|NRM]] era nga yali mwetegefu okuvuganya [[Yoweri Museveni]] ku kifo ekyo ky'ennyini era nga kino yakyasanguliza mu lukungana lw'ekibiina olwatuula nga 4 Ogwokutaano 2015. Oluvannyuma Museveni yalangira Mbabazi okweyisa mu ngeri ey'ekito era atakkirizibwa bannakibiina ba NRM.<ref>http://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/Elections/Mbabazi-to-stand-as-independent/-/859108/2815094/-/kj26ocz/-/index.html</ref> Nga 31 Ogwomusanvu omwaka ogwo gwenyini,oluvannyuma lw'okulemererwa okutegeeragana wakati w'abakulembeze ab'okuntikko, Mbabazi yakawangammula bwe yalangirira nga bwe yali agenda okwesimbawo ku bukulembeze bw'eggwanga nga talina kibiina kyonna mw'ajjidde. wabula nga ekibiina kya the Democratic Alliance(TDA), kye kya muli emabega neewankubadde nga kyalabika nga ekitaalina busobozi bumala kuwangula ntebe ya bukulembeze bwa ggwanga. Mu kalulu kabonna akaakubwa mu mwaka gwa 2016, Mbabazi yakwata ekifo kyakusatu oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obululu ebitundu 1.39 ku buli ku kikumi.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160304012250/http://www.ec.or.ug/sites/default/files/docs/01-Summary_PRESIDENT_1_Final22-FEB-2016.pdf</ref> == Obuweereza bwe mu mawanga g'ebweru. == Mbabazi yakiikirirako Uganda mu mawanga g'ebweru, nga eno yakolerayo bino, yatuula ku kakiiko k'ebyokwerinda ak'amawanga amagatte era ng'eno gye yasabira nti eggye lya uganda ekkuuma ddemmbe (UPDF) likkirizibwe okukwata abayeekera ba Konny ab'eggye lya Lord's Resistance Army. abaali mu [[Democratic Republic of Congo|ggwanga lya congo]]<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150716103827/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/14/494419</ref> == Emikutu emirala == * [https://amamambabazi.com Amama Mbabazi Omukutu gwe Omutongole] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150716113423/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/755641 Olugendo lwa Amama Mbabazi ku bwa ssabaminisita] * [http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/636903-uganda-told-to-repay-aid-funds-lost-in-opm-fraud.html Uganda yategeezebwa Okusasula Ssente Z'obuyambi Ezabulira mu Ofiisi Ya Ssaabaminisita mu Emivuyo] * [http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/120/123/658507 Fallout Okuva Mu Mivuyo eTemangalo]  == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abazalibwa mu 1949]] [[Category:Ababaka ba palamenti eyomunaana]] [[Category:Ababaka ba palamenti eyomwenda]] [[Category:National Resistance Movement]] [[Category:Ssabaminisita wa Uganda]] ixugcbu8gh188qzjh1yi21iw4azc7j1 66854 66792 2026-08-05T20:01:13Z 24RAY 11014 ngaseeko emppandiika n'ebijuliziddwa 66854 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''<big>John Patrick Amama Mbabazi</big>''', SC amanyiddwa nga Amama Mbabazi yazaalibwa nga 16 Ogwolubereberye 1949. munnabyabufuzi era Munnayuganda, yaweerezaako mu Paalamenti ey'omwenda nga [[Ssaabaminisita wa Uganda|Ssaabaminisita]] wa Uganda okuva nga 24 Ogwokutaano 2011 okutuuka nga 19 Ogwomwenda 2014.yakola omulimu munene nyo mu gavumenti ez'enjawulo ezirwanyisa obufuzi bwa bamusibiramubbwa okuva mu (1972-1986) era y'omu ku batandisi b'ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]], ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza kati.<ref name=":0">Musoke, Cyprian (24 May 2011). [http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1011194/amama-mbabazi-eur-road-prime-minister "Amama Mbabazi's road to Prime Minister"]. [http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1011194/amama-mbabazi-eur-road-prime-minister New Vision]. Retrieved 15 July 2015.</ref> Mbabazi yaweerezaako ng'omubaka mu Paalamenti akiikirira konsityuwensi y'e Kinziki ey'Obugwanjuba mu Disitulikiti y'e Kanungu, yawereza ku kifo kino okuva mu 1996 okutuusa mu 2016 lwe yavuganya ku kifo ky'omukulembeze w'eggwanga naye n'awangulwa.<ref>Daily Monitor (2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20121002055537/http://www.monitor.co.ug/blob/view/-/1163512/data/262039/-/whf62vz/-/parliament.pdf "Members of the 9th Ugandan Parliament (2011 - 2016)"] (PDF). ''[[:en:Daily_Monitor|Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala, Uganda. Archived from [http://www.monitor.co.ug/blob/view/-/1163512/data/262039/-/whf62vz/-/parliament.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2 October 2012. Retrieved 28 July 2014.</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Amama Mbabazi yazaalibwa nga 16 Ogwoluberyeberye 1949, ku kyalo Mparo mu Ssaza lye Rukiga, kati emanyiddwa nga Disitulikiti y'e Rukiga.<ref name=":0" /> Yasomerako mu matendekero ag'amaanyi era agamanyiddwa ennyo mu Ggwanga mu kiseera eky'abafuzi b'amatwale ne mu kaseera nga Uganda efunye obwetwaze: Kigezi College Butobere gy'eyasomera siniya,<ref>Ssekika, Edward (14 August 2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150715230626/http://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=14694%3Ambabazi-mutebile-to-revive-former-school "Mbabazi, Mutebile to revive former school"]. ''[[:en:The_Observer_(Uganda)|The Observer (Uganda)]]''. Kampala. Archived from [http://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=14694:mbabazi-mutebile-to-revive-former-school the original] on 15 July 2015. Retrieved 15 July 2015.</ref> n'e ssomero lya Ntare gye yasomera siniya y'eyomukaaga. Mbabazi yafuna Ddiguli ye esooka Mumateeka okuva ku Yunivasite y'e Makerere.<ref name=":0" /> Yafuna Dipuloma mu kukozesa amateeka okuva ku Ttendekero ly'ebyamateeka mu Uganda erya Law Development Center mu Kampala.<ref name=":0" /> Munnamateeka mu kkooti ya uganda enkulu era abadde omubaka owekibiina ekigata Bannamateeka mu Uganda okuva mu 1977.<ref>Uganda Parliament (2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20140728232812/http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=18&const=Kinkiizi+County+West&dist_id=65&distname=Kanungu "Amama Mbabazi: Member of Parliament, Kinkiizi County West, Kanungu District]". [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Parliament of Uganda]]. Archived from [http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=18&const=Kinkiizi+County+West&dist_id=65&distname=Kanungu the original] on 28 July 2014. Retrieved 28 July 2014.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Nga tanaba kwesogga kisaawe ky'e byobufuzi, yaweerezaako nga [[Saabawolereza wa gavumenti ya Uganda|Ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti]] okuva mu 1976 okutuuka mu 1978 era n'asuumusibwa okufuuka Ssaabawandiisi w'ekibiina ekigatta bannamateeka mu ggwanga okuva mu mwaka gwa 1977 okutuuka mu mwaka gwa 1979<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1011194/amama-mbabazi-eur-road-prime-minister</ref> Wakati wa 1986 ne 1992, Mbabazi yaweerezaako ng'akulira ekitongole ekirondoola eby'okwerinda bya Uganda n'ebweru waayo (ESO)<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1011194/amama-mbabazi-eur-road-prime-minister</ref>Wakati wa 1999 ne 2000, yaweerezaako nga Minisita omubeezi mu office y'omukulembeze w'eggwanga avunaanyizibwa ku nsonga z'eby'obufuzi.<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1011194/amama-mbabazi-eur-road-prime-minister</ref><ref>https://www.weforum.org/people/amama-mbabazi/</ref> yafuuka ssaabawandiisi w'akakundi k'ekibiina kya NRM aka Constituent Assembly <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituent_Assembly</ref>akaakola Ssemateeka wa 1995 wakati wa 1986 ne 1992.<ref>https://www.watchdoguganda.com/news/20210520/114053/profile-who-is-amama-mbabazi-the-nrm-historical-likely-to-bounce-back-as-prime-minister-or-vice-president-in-musevenis-new-cabinet.html</ref> Yaliko Minisita w'eggwanga ow'eby'okwerinda wakati wa 1986 ne 1992<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1011194/amama-mbabazi-eur-road-prime-minister</ref>era n'aweerezaako nga minisita omubeezi owa regional cooperation okuva mu mwaka gwa 1998 okutuuka mu 2001<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1011194/amama-mbabazi-eur-road-prime-minister</ref>. yaliko ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti ate nga Minisita w'obwenkanya okuva mu 2004 okutuuka mu 2006 ekifo ekyamuwanguza n'ekitiibwa ky'okubeera minisita asinze okukola obulungi (super minister).mu mwaka gwa 2006 Mbabazi yalondebwa okubeera minisita w'eby'okwerinda ekifo ky'eyabeeramu okutuusa lwe yafuulibwa minisita w'obutebenkevu mu 2009<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20141211112501/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/501695</ref> era nga ekifo kino yakibeeramu okutuusa mu mwezi Gwokutaano mu mwaka gwa 2011 lwe yalondebwa ku kifo ky'obwa ssaabamininsita w'eggwanga. Yaliko ssaabawandiisi w'ekibiina kya NRM okuva mu Gwekkuminobumu 2005 okutuusa mu Gusooka 2015.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150702082932/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/666515</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150716174439/http://www.theinsider.ug/court-dismisses-mbabazi-nrm-case/</ref> === Okuvuganya ku bwa Pulezidenti === Mukwano gwa Amama Mbabazi ow'omubuto<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/659918-ruhakana-rugunda-new-prime-minister.html</ref>,[[Ruhakana Ruganda|Ruhakana Rugunda]], yalondebwa ku kifo ky'obwa ssaabaminisita nga 18 Ogwomwenda 2014 ng'adda mu bigere bya Amama Mbabazi. okugobwa kwa Mbabazi kwalabibwa ng'ekibonerezo Museveni kye yali awadde Mbabazi oluvannyuma lw'engambo ezaali ziyitingana nti Mbabazi yali yegwanyiza entebe y'obukulembeze era yalina enteekateeka okwenyigira mu lw'okaano lw'okwesimbawo ku bukulembeze bw'eggwanga. Amangu ddala ng'ennaku z'omwezi 15 Ogwomukaaga 2015<ref>https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21654666-ugandan-presidents-29-year-rule-coming-end-bored-big-man</ref> Mbabazi yalangirira okwesimbawo ku kifo ky'omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement|NRM]] era nga yali mwetegefu okuvuganya [[Yoweri Museveni]] ku kifo ekyo ky'ennyini era nga kino yakyasanguliza mu lukungana lw'ekibiina olwatuula nga 4 Ogwokutaano 2015. Oluvannyuma Museveni yalangira Mbabazi okweyisa mu ngeri ey'ekito era atakkirizibwa bannakibiina ba NRM.<ref>http://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/Elections/Mbabazi-to-stand-as-independent/-/859108/2815094/-/kj26ocz/-/index.html</ref> Nga 31 Ogwomusanvu omwaka ogwo gwenyini,oluvannyuma lw'okulemererwa okutegeeragana wakati w'abakulembeze ab'okuntikko, Mbabazi yakawangammula bwe yalangirira nga bwe yali agenda okwesimbawo ku bukulembeze bw'eggwanga nga talina kibiina kyonna mw'ajjidde. wabula nga ekibiina kya the Democratic Alliance(TDA), kye kya muli emabega neewankubadde nga kyalabika nga ekitaalina busobozi bumala kuwangula ntebe ya bukulembeze bwa ggwanga. Mu kalulu kabonna akaakubwa mu mwaka gwa 2016, Mbabazi yakwata ekifo kyakusatu oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obululu ebitundu 1.39 ku buli ku kikumi.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160304012250/http://www.ec.or.ug/sites/default/files/docs/01-Summary_PRESIDENT_1_Final22-FEB-2016.pdf</ref> == Obuweereza bwe mu mawanga g'ebweru. == Mbabazi yakiikirirako Uganda mu mawanga g'ebweru, nga eno yakolerayo bino, yatuula ku kakiiko k'ebyokwerinda ak'amawanga amagatte era ng'eno gye yasabira nti eggye lya uganda ekkuuma ddemmbe (UPDF) likkirizibwe okukwata abayeekera ba Konny ab'eggye lya Lord's Resistance Army. abaali mu [[Democratic Republic of Congo|ggwanga lya congo]]<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150716103827/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/14/494419</ref> == Emikutu emirala == * [https://amamambabazi.com Amama Mbabazi Omukutu gwe Omutongole] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150716113423/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/755641 Olugendo lwa Amama Mbabazi ku bwa ssabaminisita] * [http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/636903-uganda-told-to-repay-aid-funds-lost-in-opm-fraud.html Uganda yategeezebwa Okusasula Ssente Z'obuyambi Ezabulira mu Ofiisi Ya Ssaabaminisita mu Emivuyo] * [http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/120/123/658507 Fallout Okuva Mu Mivuyo eTemangalo]  == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abazalibwa mu 1949]] [[Category:Ababaka ba palamenti eyomunaana]] [[Category:Ababaka ba palamenti eyomwenda]] [[Category:National Resistance Movement]] [[Category:Ssabaminisita wa Uganda]] 8qh9hx3k443rtped66vo3554sp1dzc9 66869 66854 2026-08-05T20:59:55Z 24RAY 11014 empandiika 66869 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''<big>John Patrick Amama Mbabazi</big>''', SC amanyiddwa nga Amama Mbabazi yazaalibwa nga 16 Ogwolubereberye 1949. munnabyabufuzi era Munnayuganda, yaweerezaako mu Paalamenti ey'omwenda nga [[Ssaabaminisita wa Uganda|Ssaabaminisita]] wa Uganda okuva nga 24 Ogwokutaano 2011 okutuuka nga 19 Ogwomwenda 2014.yakola omulimu munene nyo mu gavumenti ez'enjawulo ezirwanyisa obufuzi bwa bamusibiramubbwa okuva mu (1972-1986) era y'omu ku batandisi b'ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]], ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza kati.<ref name=":0">Musoke, Cyprian (24 May 2011). [http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1011194/amama-mbabazi-eur-road-prime-minister "Amama Mbabazi's road to Prime Minister"]. [http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1011194/amama-mbabazi-eur-road-prime-minister New Vision]. Retrieved 15 July 2015.</ref> Mbabazi yaweerezaako ng'omubaka mu Paalamenti akiikirira konsityuwensi y'e Kinziki ey'Obugwanjuba mu Disitulikiti y'e Kanungu, yawereza ku kifo kino okuva mu 1996 okutuusa mu 2016 lwe yavuganya ku kifo ky'omukulembeze w'eggwanga naye n'awangulwa.<ref>Daily Monitor (2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20121002055537/http://www.monitor.co.ug/blob/view/-/1163512/data/262039/-/whf62vz/-/parliament.pdf "Members of the 9th Ugandan Parliament (2011 - 2016)"] (PDF). ''[[:en:Daily_Monitor|Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala, Uganda. Archived from [http://www.monitor.co.ug/blob/view/-/1163512/data/262039/-/whf62vz/-/parliament.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2 October 2012. Retrieved 28 July 2014.</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Amama Mbabazi yazaalibwa nga 16 Ogwoluberyeberye 1949, ku kyalo Mparo mu Ssaza lye Rukiga, kati emanyiddwa nga Disitulikiti y'e Rukiga.<ref name=":0" /> Yasomerako mu matendekero ag'amaanyi era agamanyiddwa ennyo mu Ggwanga mu kiseera eky'abafuzi b'amatwale ne mu kaseera nga Uganda efunye obwetwaze: Kigezi College Butobere gy'eyasomera emisomo gy'egya siniya,<ref>Ssekika, Edward (14 August 2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150715230626/http://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=14694%3Ambabazi-mutebile-to-revive-former-school "Mbabazi, Mutebile to revive former school"]. ''[[:en:The_Observer_(Uganda)|The Observer (Uganda)]]''. Kampala. Archived from [http://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=14694:mbabazi-mutebile-to-revive-former-school the original] on 15 July 2015. Retrieved 15 July 2015.</ref> n'e ssomero lya Ntare gye yasomera siniya y'eyomukaaga. Mbabazi yafuna Ddiguli ye esooka Mumateeka okuva ku Yunivasite y'e Makerere.<ref name=":0" /> Yafuna Dipuloma mu kukozesa amateeka okuva ku Ttendekero ly'ebyamateeka mu Uganda erya Law Development Center mu Kampala.<ref name=":0" /> Munnamateeka mu kkooti ya uganda enkulu era abadde omubaka owekibiina ekigata Bannamateeka mu Uganda okuva mu 1977.<ref>Uganda Parliament (2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20140728232812/http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=18&const=Kinkiizi+County+West&dist_id=65&distname=Kanungu "Amama Mbabazi: Member of Parliament, Kinkiizi County West, Kanungu District]". [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Parliament of Uganda]]. Archived from [http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=18&const=Kinkiizi+County+West&dist_id=65&distname=Kanungu the original] on 28 July 2014. Retrieved 28 July 2014.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Nga tanaba kwesogga kisaawe ky'e by'obufuzi, yaweerezaako nga omuwolereza mu offisi ya [[Saabawolereza wa gavumenti ya Uganda|Ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti]] okuva mu 1976 okutuuka mu 1978 era n'asuumusibwa okufuuka Ssaabawandiisi w'ekibiina ekigatta bannamateeka mu ggwanga okuva mu 1977 okutuuka mu 1979.<ref name=":0" /> Wakati wa 1986 ne 1992, Mbabazi yaweerezaako ng'akulira ekitongole ekirondoola eby'okwerinda bya Uganda n'ebweru waayo (ESO)<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1011194/amama-mbabazi-eur-road-prime-minister</ref>Wakati wa 1999 ne 2000, yaweerezaako nga Minisita omubeezi mu office y'omukulembeze w'eggwanga avunaanyizibwa ku nsonga z'eby'obufuzi.<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1011194/amama-mbabazi-eur-road-prime-minister</ref><ref>https://www.weforum.org/people/amama-mbabazi/</ref> yafuuka ssaabawandiisi w'akakundi k'ekibiina kya NRM aka Constituent Assembly <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituent_Assembly</ref>akaakola Ssemateeka wa 1995 wakati wa 1986 ne 1992.<ref>https://www.watchdoguganda.com/news/20210520/114053/profile-who-is-amama-mbabazi-the-nrm-historical-likely-to-bounce-back-as-prime-minister-or-vice-president-in-musevenis-new-cabinet.html</ref> Yaliko Minisita w'eggwanga ow'eby'okwerinda wakati wa 1986 ne 1992<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1011194/amama-mbabazi-eur-road-prime-minister</ref>era n'aweerezaako nga minisita omubeezi owa regional cooperation okuva mu mwaka gwa 1998 okutuuka mu 2001<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1011194/amama-mbabazi-eur-road-prime-minister</ref>. yaliko ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti ate nga Minisita w'obwenkanya okuva mu 2004 okutuuka mu 2006 ekifo ekyamuwanguza n'ekitiibwa ky'okubeera minisita asinze okukola obulungi (super minister).mu mwaka gwa 2006 Mbabazi yalondebwa okubeera minisita w'eby'okwerinda ekifo ky'eyabeeramu okutuusa lwe yafuulibwa minisita w'obutebenkevu mu 2009<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20141211112501/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/501695</ref> era nga ekifo kino yakibeeramu okutuusa mu mwezi Gwokutaano mu mwaka gwa 2011 lwe yalondebwa ku kifo ky'obwa ssaabamininsita w'eggwanga. Yaliko ssaabawandiisi w'ekibiina kya NRM okuva mu Gwekkuminobumu 2005 okutuusa mu Gusooka 2015.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150702082932/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/666515</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150716174439/http://www.theinsider.ug/court-dismisses-mbabazi-nrm-case/</ref> === Okuvuganya ku bwa Pulezidenti === Mukwano gwa Amama Mbabazi ow'omubuto<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/659918-ruhakana-rugunda-new-prime-minister.html</ref>,[[Ruhakana Ruganda|Ruhakana Rugunda]], yalondebwa ku kifo ky'obwa ssaabaminisita nga 18 Ogwomwenda 2014 ng'adda mu bigere bya Amama Mbabazi. okugobwa kwa Mbabazi kwalabibwa ng'ekibonerezo Museveni kye yali awadde Mbabazi oluvannyuma lw'engambo ezaali ziyitingana nti Mbabazi yali yegwanyiza entebe y'obukulembeze era yalina enteekateeka okwenyigira mu lw'okaano lw'okwesimbawo ku bukulembeze bw'eggwanga. Amangu ddala ng'ennaku z'omwezi 15 Ogwomukaaga 2015<ref>https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21654666-ugandan-presidents-29-year-rule-coming-end-bored-big-man</ref> Mbabazi yalangirira okwesimbawo ku kifo ky'omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement|NRM]] era nga yali mwetegefu okuvuganya [[Yoweri Museveni]] ku kifo ekyo ky'ennyini era nga kino yakyasanguliza mu lukungana lw'ekibiina olwatuula nga 4 Ogwokutaano 2015. Oluvannyuma Museveni yalangira Mbabazi okweyisa mu ngeri ey'ekito era atakkirizibwa bannakibiina ba NRM.<ref>http://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/Elections/Mbabazi-to-stand-as-independent/-/859108/2815094/-/kj26ocz/-/index.html</ref> Nga 31 Ogwomusanvu omwaka ogwo gwenyini,oluvannyuma lw'okulemererwa okutegeeragana wakati w'abakulembeze ab'okuntikko, Mbabazi yakawangammula bwe yalangirira nga bwe yali agenda okwesimbawo ku bukulembeze bw'eggwanga nga talina kibiina kyonna mw'ajjidde. wabula nga ekibiina kya the Democratic Alliance(TDA), kye kya muli emabega neewankubadde nga kyalabika nga ekitaalina busobozi bumala kuwangula ntebe ya bukulembeze bwa ggwanga. Mu kalulu kabonna akaakubwa mu mwaka gwa 2016, Mbabazi yakwata ekifo kyakusatu oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obululu ebitundu 1.39 ku buli ku kikumi.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160304012250/http://www.ec.or.ug/sites/default/files/docs/01-Summary_PRESIDENT_1_Final22-FEB-2016.pdf</ref> == Obuweereza bwe mu mawanga g'ebweru. == Mbabazi yakiikirirako Uganda mu mawanga g'ebweru, nga eno yakolerayo bino, yatuula ku kakiiko k'ebyokwerinda ak'amawanga amagatte era ng'eno gye yasabira nti eggye lya uganda ekkuuma ddemmbe (UPDF) likkirizibwe okukwata abayeekera ba Konny ab'eggye lya Lord's Resistance Army. abaali mu [[Democratic Republic of Congo|ggwanga lya congo]]<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150716103827/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/14/494419</ref> == Emikutu emirala == * [https://amamambabazi.com Amama Mbabazi Omukutu gwe Omutongole] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150716113423/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/755641 Olugendo lwa Amama Mbabazi ku bwa ssabaminisita] * [http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/636903-uganda-told-to-repay-aid-funds-lost-in-opm-fraud.html Uganda yategeezebwa Okusasula Ssente Z'obuyambi Ezabulira mu Ofiisi Ya Ssaabaminisita mu Emivuyo] * [http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/120/123/658507 Fallout Okuva Mu Mivuyo eTemangalo]  == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abazalibwa mu 1949]] [[Category:Ababaka ba palamenti eyomunaana]] [[Category:Ababaka ba palamenti eyomwenda]] [[Category:National Resistance Movement]] [[Category:Ssabaminisita wa Uganda]] t5wsqhqqq4btl80zej9ud7jp4myvl9c 66892 66869 2026-08-05T21:51:22Z 24RAY 11014 ngasseeko empandiika n'ebijuliziddwa 66892 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''<big>John Patrick Amama Mbabazi</big>''', SC amanyiddwa nga Amama Mbabazi yazaalibwa nga 16 Ogwolubereberye 1949. munnabyabufuzi era Munnayuganda, yaweerezaako mu Paalamenti ey'omwenda nga [[Ssaabaminisita wa Uganda|Ssaabaminisita]] wa Uganda okuva nga 24 Ogwokutaano 2011 okutuuka nga 19 Ogwomwenda 2014.yakola omulimu munene nyo mu gavumenti ez'enjawulo ezirwanyisa obufuzi bwa bamusibiramubbwa okuva mu (1972-1986) era y'omu ku batandisi b'ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]], ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza kati.<ref name=":0">Musoke, Cyprian (24 May 2011). [http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1011194/amama-mbabazi-eur-road-prime-minister "Amama Mbabazi's road to Prime Minister"]. [http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1011194/amama-mbabazi-eur-road-prime-minister New Vision]. Retrieved 15 July 2015.</ref> Mbabazi yaweerezaako ng'omubaka mu Paalamenti akiikirira konsityuwensi y'e Kinziki ey'Obugwanjuba mu Disitulikiti y'e Kanungu, yawereza ku kifo kino okuva mu 1996 okutuusa mu 2016 lwe yavuganya ku kifo ky'omukulembeze w'eggwanga naye n'awangulwa.<ref>Daily Monitor (2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20121002055537/http://www.monitor.co.ug/blob/view/-/1163512/data/262039/-/whf62vz/-/parliament.pdf "Members of the 9th Ugandan Parliament (2011 - 2016)"] (PDF). ''[[:en:Daily_Monitor|Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala, Uganda. Archived from [http://www.monitor.co.ug/blob/view/-/1163512/data/262039/-/whf62vz/-/parliament.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2 October 2012. Retrieved 28 July 2014.</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Amama Mbabazi yazaalibwa nga 16 Ogwoluberyeberye 1949, ku kyalo Mparo mu Ssaza lye Rukiga, kati emanyiddwa nga Disitulikiti y'e Rukiga.<ref name=":0" /> Yasomerako mu matendekero ag'amaanyi era agamanyiddwa ennyo mu Ggwanga mu kiseera eky'abafuzi b'amatwale ne mu kaseera nga Uganda efunye obwetwaze: Kigezi College Butobere gy'eyasomera emisomo gy'egya siniya,<ref>Ssekika, Edward (14 August 2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150715230626/http://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=14694%3Ambabazi-mutebile-to-revive-former-school "Mbabazi, Mutebile to revive former school"]. ''[[:en:The_Observer_(Uganda)|The Observer (Uganda)]]''. Kampala. Archived from [http://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=14694:mbabazi-mutebile-to-revive-former-school the original] on 15 July 2015. Retrieved 15 July 2015.</ref> n'e ssomero lya Ntare gye yasomera siniya y'eyomukaaga. Mbabazi yafuna Ddiguli ye esooka Mumateeka okuva ku Yunivasite y'e Makerere.<ref name=":0" /> Yafuna Dipuloma mu kukozesa amateeka okuva ku Ttendekero ly'ebyamateeka mu Uganda erya Law Development Center mu Kampala.<ref name=":0" /> Munnamateeka mu kkooti ya uganda enkulu era abadde omubaka owekibiina ekigata Bannamateeka mu Uganda okuva mu 1977.<ref>Uganda Parliament (2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20140728232812/http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=18&const=Kinkiizi+County+West&dist_id=65&distname=Kanungu "Amama Mbabazi: Member of Parliament, Kinkiizi County West, Kanungu District]". [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Parliament of Uganda]]. Archived from [http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=18&const=Kinkiizi+County+West&dist_id=65&distname=Kanungu the original] on 28 July 2014. Retrieved 28 July 2014.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Nga tanaba kwesogga kisaawe ky'e by'obufuzi, yaweerezaako nga omuwolereza mu offisi ya [[Saabawolereza wa gavumenti ya Uganda|Ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti]] okuva mu 1976 okutuuka mu 1978 era n'asuumusibwa okufuuka Ssaabawandiisi w'ekibiina ekigatta bannamateeka mu ggwanga okuva mu 1977 okutuuka mu 1979.<ref name=":0" /> Wakati wa 1986 ne 1992, Mbabazi yaweerezaako ng'akulira ekitongole ekirondoola eby'okwerinda bya Uganda n'ebweru w'Eggwanga (ESO).<ref name=":0" /> Wakati wa 1999 ne 2000, yaweerezaako nga Minisita omubeezi mu office y'omukulembeze w'eggwanga avunaanyizibwa ku nsonga z'eby'obufuzi.<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1011194/amama-mbabazi-eur-road-prime-minister</ref><ref>https://www.weforum.org/people/amama-mbabazi/</ref> yafuuka ssaabawandiisi w'akakundi k'ekibiina kya NRM aka Constituent Assembly <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constituent_Assembly</ref>akaakola Ssemateeka wa 1995 wakati wa 1986 ne 1992.<ref>https://www.watchdoguganda.com/news/20210520/114053/profile-who-is-amama-mbabazi-the-nrm-historical-likely-to-bounce-back-as-prime-minister-or-vice-president-in-musevenis-new-cabinet.html</ref> Yaliko Minisita w'eggwanga ow'eby'okwerinda wakati wa 1986 ne 1992<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1011194/amama-mbabazi-eur-road-prime-minister</ref>era n'aweerezaako nga minisita omubeezi owa regional cooperation okuva mu mwaka gwa 1998 okutuuka mu 2001<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1011194/amama-mbabazi-eur-road-prime-minister</ref>. yaliko ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti ate nga Minisita w'obwenkanya okuva mu 2004 okutuuka mu 2006 ekifo ekyamuwanguza n'ekitiibwa ky'okubeera minisita asinze okukola obulungi (super minister).mu mwaka gwa 2006 Mbabazi yalondebwa okubeera minisita w'eby'okwerinda ekifo ky'eyabeeramu okutuusa lwe yafuulibwa minisita w'obutebenkevu mu 2009<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20141211112501/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/501695</ref> era nga ekifo kino yakibeeramu okutuusa mu mwezi Gwokutaano mu mwaka gwa 2011 lwe yalondebwa ku kifo ky'obwa ssaabamininsita w'eggwanga. Yaliko ssaabawandiisi w'ekibiina kya NRM okuva mu Gwekkuminobumu 2005 okutuusa mu Gusooka 2015.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150702082932/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/666515</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150716174439/http://www.theinsider.ug/court-dismisses-mbabazi-nrm-case/</ref> === Okuvuganya ku bwa Pulezidenti === Mukwano gwa Amama Mbabazi ow'omubuto<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/659918-ruhakana-rugunda-new-prime-minister.html</ref>,[[Ruhakana Ruganda|Ruhakana Rugunda]], yalondebwa ku kifo ky'obwa ssaabaminisita nga 18 Ogwomwenda 2014 ng'adda mu bigere bya Amama Mbabazi. okugobwa kwa Mbabazi kwalabibwa ng'ekibonerezo Museveni kye yali awadde Mbabazi oluvannyuma lw'engambo ezaali ziyitingana nti Mbabazi yali yegwanyiza entebe y'obukulembeze era yalina enteekateeka okwenyigira mu lw'okaano lw'okwesimbawo ku bukulembeze bw'eggwanga. Amangu ddala ng'ennaku z'omwezi 15 Ogwomukaaga 2015<ref>https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21654666-ugandan-presidents-29-year-rule-coming-end-bored-big-man</ref> Mbabazi yalangirira okwesimbawo ku kifo ky'omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement|NRM]] era nga yali mwetegefu okuvuganya [[Yoweri Museveni]] ku kifo ekyo ky'ennyini era nga kino yakyasanguliza mu lukungana lw'ekibiina olwatuula nga 4 Ogwokutaano 2015. Oluvannyuma Museveni yalangira Mbabazi okweyisa mu ngeri ey'ekito era atakkirizibwa bannakibiina ba NRM.<ref>http://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/Elections/Mbabazi-to-stand-as-independent/-/859108/2815094/-/kj26ocz/-/index.html</ref> Nga 31 Ogwomusanvu omwaka ogwo gwenyini,oluvannyuma lw'okulemererwa okutegeeragana wakati w'abakulembeze ab'okuntikko, Mbabazi yakawangammula bwe yalangirira nga bwe yali agenda okwesimbawo ku bukulembeze bw'eggwanga nga talina kibiina kyonna mw'ajjidde. wabula nga ekibiina kya the Democratic Alliance(TDA), kye kya muli emabega neewankubadde nga kyalabika nga ekitaalina busobozi bumala kuwangula ntebe ya bukulembeze bwa ggwanga. Mu kalulu kabonna akaakubwa mu mwaka gwa 2016, Mbabazi yakwata ekifo kyakusatu oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obululu ebitundu 1.39 ku buli ku kikumi.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160304012250/http://www.ec.or.ug/sites/default/files/docs/01-Summary_PRESIDENT_1_Final22-FEB-2016.pdf</ref> == Obuweereza bwe mu mawanga g'ebweru. == Mbabazi yakiikirirako Uganda mu mawanga g'ebweru, nga eno yakolerayo bino, yatuula ku kakiiko k'ebyokwerinda ak'amawanga amagatte era ng'eno gye yasabira nti eggye lya uganda ekkuuma ddemmbe (UPDF) likkirizibwe okukwata abayeekera ba Konny ab'eggye lya Lord's Resistance Army. abaali mu [[Democratic Republic of Congo|ggwanga lya congo]]<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150716103827/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/14/494419</ref> == Emikutu emirala == * [https://amamambabazi.com Amama Mbabazi Omukutu gwe Omutongole] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150716113423/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/755641 Olugendo lwa Amama Mbabazi ku bwa ssabaminisita] * [http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/636903-uganda-told-to-repay-aid-funds-lost-in-opm-fraud.html Uganda yategeezebwa Okusasula Ssente Z'obuyambi Ezabulira mu Ofiisi Ya Ssaabaminisita mu Emivuyo] * [http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/120/123/658507 Fallout Okuva Mu Mivuyo eTemangalo]  == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abazalibwa mu 1949]] [[Category:Ababaka ba palamenti eyomunaana]] [[Category:Ababaka ba palamenti eyomwenda]] [[Category:National Resistance Movement]] [[Category:Ssabaminisita wa Uganda]] 7cuoibp498z80fffhb9ergxvaxrsuot 66904 66892 2026-08-05T22:51:29Z 24RAY 11014 /* Emirimu gye */ ngaseeko emppandiika n'ebijuliziddwa 66904 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''<big>John Patrick Amama Mbabazi</big>''', SC amanyiddwa nga Amama Mbabazi yazaalibwa nga 16 Ogwolubereberye 1949. munnabyabufuzi era Munnayuganda, yaweerezaako mu Paalamenti ey'omwenda nga [[Ssaabaminisita wa Uganda|Ssaabaminisita]] wa Uganda okuva nga 24 Ogwokutaano 2011 okutuuka nga 19 Ogwomwenda 2014.yakola omulimu munene nyo mu gavumenti ez'enjawulo ezirwanyisa obufuzi bwa bamusibiramubbwa okuva mu (1972-1986) era y'omu ku batandisi b'ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]], ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza kati.<ref name=":0">Musoke, Cyprian (24 May 2011). [http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1011194/amama-mbabazi-eur-road-prime-minister "Amama Mbabazi's road to Prime Minister"]. [http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1011194/amama-mbabazi-eur-road-prime-minister New Vision]. Retrieved 15 July 2015.</ref> Mbabazi yaweerezaako ng'omubaka mu Paalamenti akiikirira konsityuwensi y'e Kinziki ey'Obugwanjuba mu Disitulikiti y'e Kanungu, yawereza ku kifo kino okuva mu 1996 okutuusa mu 2016 lwe yavuganya ku kifo ky'omukulembeze w'eggwanga naye n'awangulwa.<ref>Daily Monitor (2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20121002055537/http://www.monitor.co.ug/blob/view/-/1163512/data/262039/-/whf62vz/-/parliament.pdf "Members of the 9th Ugandan Parliament (2011 - 2016)"] (PDF). ''[[:en:Daily_Monitor|Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala, Uganda. Archived from [http://www.monitor.co.ug/blob/view/-/1163512/data/262039/-/whf62vz/-/parliament.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2 October 2012. Retrieved 28 July 2014.</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Amama Mbabazi yazaalibwa nga 16 Ogwoluberyeberye 1949, ku kyalo Mparo mu Ssaza lye Rukiga, kati emanyiddwa nga Disitulikiti y'e Rukiga.<ref name=":0" /> Yasomerako mu matendekero ag'amaanyi era agamanyiddwa ennyo mu Ggwanga mu kiseera eky'abafuzi b'amatwale ne mu kaseera nga Uganda efunye obwetwaze: Kigezi College Butobere gy'eyasomera emisomo gy'egya siniya,<ref>Ssekika, Edward (14 August 2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150715230626/http://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=14694%3Ambabazi-mutebile-to-revive-former-school "Mbabazi, Mutebile to revive former school"]. ''[[:en:The_Observer_(Uganda)|The Observer (Uganda)]]''. Kampala. Archived from [http://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=14694:mbabazi-mutebile-to-revive-former-school the original] on 15 July 2015. Retrieved 15 July 2015.</ref> n'e ssomero lya Ntare gye yasomera siniya y'eyomukaaga. Mbabazi yafuna Ddiguli ye esooka Mumateeka okuva ku Yunivasite y'e Makerere.<ref name=":0" /> Yafuna Dipuloma mu kukozesa amateeka okuva ku Ttendekero ly'ebyamateeka mu Uganda erya Law Development Center mu Kampala.<ref name=":0" /> Munnamateeka mu kkooti ya uganda enkulu era abadde omubaka owekibiina ekigata Bannamateeka mu Uganda okuva mu 1977.<ref>Uganda Parliament (2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20140728232812/http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=18&const=Kinkiizi+County+West&dist_id=65&distname=Kanungu "Amama Mbabazi: Member of Parliament, Kinkiizi County West, Kanungu District]". [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Parliament of Uganda]]. Archived from [http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=18&const=Kinkiizi+County+West&dist_id=65&distname=Kanungu the original] on 28 July 2014. Retrieved 28 July 2014.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Nga tanaba kwesogga kisaawe ky'e by'obufuzi, yaweerezaako nga omuwolereza mu offisi ya [[Saabawolereza wa gavumenti ya Uganda|Ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti]] okuva mu 1976 okutuuka mu 1978 era n'asuumusibwa okufuuka Ssaabawandiisi w'ekibiina ekigatta bannamateeka mu ggwanga okuva mu 1977 okutuuka mu 1979.<ref name=":0" /> Wakati wa 1986 ne 1992, Mbabazi yaweerezaako ng'akulira ekitongole ekirondoola eby'okwerinda bya Uganda n'ebweru w'Eggwanga (ESO).<ref name=":0" /> Wakati wa 1999 ne 2000, yaweerezaako nga Minisita omubeezi mu office y'omukulembeze w'eggwanga avunaanyizibwa ku nsonga z'eby'obufuzi.<ref name=":0" /> yafuuka omuwandiisi w'olukiiko lw'abakulembeze ab'ekibiina ky'eby'obufuzi ekya NRM mu Lukiiko oluteeketeeka Ssemateeka akaakola Ssemateeka wa 1995.<ref name=":0" /> Wakati wa 1986 ne 1992, Amama yafuka Minisita w'eggwanga ow'eby'okwerinda.<ref name=":0" /> Oluvanyuma lw'ekyo, y'aweerezaako nga Minisita omubeezi owa regional cooperation okuva mu 1998 okutuuka mu 2001.<ref name=":0" /> yaliko ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti ate nga Minisita w'Eby'Amateeka okuva mu 2004 okutuuka mu 2006, ekifo ekyamuwanguza n'ekitiibwa ky'okubeera Minisita asinze okukola obulungi (super minister).<ref>[https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/Mbabazi-emerges-from-Museveni-s-shadow/-/2558/2758664/-/14nxe4kz/-/index.html "With or without NRM, I will run for presidency in 2016, Mbabazi says"]. Retrieved 22 September 2015.</ref> Yalondebwa nga Minisita w'Eby'Okwerinda mu 2006, ekifo ky'eyabeeramu okutuusa lwe yafuulibwa Minisita w'Obutebenkevu mu 2009.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20141211112501/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/501695</ref> era nga ekifo kino yakibeeramu okutuusa mu mwezi Gwokutaano mu mwaka gwa 2011 lwe yalondebwa ku kifo ky'obwa ssaabamininsita w'eggwanga. Yaliko ssaabawandiisi w'ekibiina kya NRM okuva mu Gwekkuminobumu 2005 okutuusa mu Gusooka 2015.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150702082932/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/666515</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150716174439/http://www.theinsider.ug/court-dismisses-mbabazi-nrm-case/</ref> === Okuvuganya ku bwa Pulezidenti === Mukwano gwa Amama Mbabazi ow'omubuto<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/659918-ruhakana-rugunda-new-prime-minister.html</ref>,[[Ruhakana Ruganda|Ruhakana Rugunda]], yalondebwa ku kifo ky'obwa ssaabaminisita nga 18 Ogwomwenda 2014 ng'adda mu bigere bya Amama Mbabazi. okugobwa kwa Mbabazi kwalabibwa ng'ekibonerezo Museveni kye yali awadde Mbabazi oluvannyuma lw'engambo ezaali ziyitingana nti Mbabazi yali yegwanyiza entebe y'obukulembeze era yalina enteekateeka okwenyigira mu lw'okaano lw'okwesimbawo ku bukulembeze bw'eggwanga. Amangu ddala ng'ennaku z'omwezi 15 Ogwomukaaga 2015<ref>https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21654666-ugandan-presidents-29-year-rule-coming-end-bored-big-man</ref> Mbabazi yalangirira okwesimbawo ku kifo ky'omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement|NRM]] era nga yali mwetegefu okuvuganya [[Yoweri Museveni]] ku kifo ekyo ky'ennyini era nga kino yakyasanguliza mu lukungana lw'ekibiina olwatuula nga 4 Ogwokutaano 2015. Oluvannyuma Museveni yalangira Mbabazi okweyisa mu ngeri ey'ekito era atakkirizibwa bannakibiina ba NRM.<ref>http://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/Elections/Mbabazi-to-stand-as-independent/-/859108/2815094/-/kj26ocz/-/index.html</ref> Nga 31 Ogwomusanvu omwaka ogwo gwenyini,oluvannyuma lw'okulemererwa okutegeeragana wakati w'abakulembeze ab'okuntikko, Mbabazi yakawangammula bwe yalangirira nga bwe yali agenda okwesimbawo ku bukulembeze bw'eggwanga nga talina kibiina kyonna mw'ajjidde. wabula nga ekibiina kya the Democratic Alliance(TDA), kye kya muli emabega neewankubadde nga kyalabika nga ekitaalina busobozi bumala kuwangula ntebe ya bukulembeze bwa ggwanga. Mu kalulu kabonna akaakubwa mu mwaka gwa 2016, Mbabazi yakwata ekifo kyakusatu oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obululu ebitundu 1.39 ku buli ku kikumi.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160304012250/http://www.ec.or.ug/sites/default/files/docs/01-Summary_PRESIDENT_1_Final22-FEB-2016.pdf</ref> == Obuweereza bwe mu mawanga g'ebweru. == Mbabazi yakiikirirako Uganda mu mawanga g'ebweru, nga eno yakolerayo bino, yatuula ku kakiiko k'ebyokwerinda ak'amawanga amagatte era ng'eno gye yasabira nti eggye lya uganda ekkuuma ddemmbe (UPDF) likkirizibwe okukwata abayeekera ba Konny ab'eggye lya Lord's Resistance Army. abaali mu [[Democratic Republic of Congo|ggwanga lya congo]]<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150716103827/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/14/494419</ref> == Emikutu emirala == * [https://amamambabazi.com Amama Mbabazi Omukutu gwe Omutongole] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150716113423/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/755641 Olugendo lwa Amama Mbabazi ku bwa ssabaminisita] * [http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/636903-uganda-told-to-repay-aid-funds-lost-in-opm-fraud.html Uganda yategeezebwa Okusasula Ssente Z'obuyambi Ezabulira mu Ofiisi Ya Ssaabaminisita mu Emivuyo] * [http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/120/123/658507 Fallout Okuva Mu Mivuyo eTemangalo]  == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abazalibwa mu 1949]] [[Category:Ababaka ba palamenti eyomunaana]] [[Category:Ababaka ba palamenti eyomwenda]] [[Category:National Resistance Movement]] [[Category:Ssabaminisita wa Uganda]] 1bciq6sbcubywn443tsmtalia42sh61 66905 66904 2026-08-05T22:54:34Z 24RAY 11014 /* Emirimu gye */ ngasseeko ebijuliziddwa 66905 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''<big>John Patrick Amama Mbabazi</big>''', SC amanyiddwa nga Amama Mbabazi yazaalibwa nga 16 Ogwolubereberye 1949. munnabyabufuzi era Munnayuganda, yaweerezaako mu Paalamenti ey'omwenda nga [[Ssaabaminisita wa Uganda|Ssaabaminisita]] wa Uganda okuva nga 24 Ogwokutaano 2011 okutuuka nga 19 Ogwomwenda 2014.yakola omulimu munene nyo mu gavumenti ez'enjawulo ezirwanyisa obufuzi bwa bamusibiramubbwa okuva mu (1972-1986) era y'omu ku batandisi b'ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]], ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza kati.<ref name=":0">Musoke, Cyprian (24 May 2011). [http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1011194/amama-mbabazi-eur-road-prime-minister "Amama Mbabazi's road to Prime Minister"]. [http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1011194/amama-mbabazi-eur-road-prime-minister New Vision]. Retrieved 15 July 2015.</ref> Mbabazi yaweerezaako ng'omubaka mu Paalamenti akiikirira konsityuwensi y'e Kinziki ey'Obugwanjuba mu Disitulikiti y'e Kanungu, yawereza ku kifo kino okuva mu 1996 okutuusa mu 2016 lwe yavuganya ku kifo ky'omukulembeze w'eggwanga naye n'awangulwa.<ref>Daily Monitor (2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20121002055537/http://www.monitor.co.ug/blob/view/-/1163512/data/262039/-/whf62vz/-/parliament.pdf "Members of the 9th Ugandan Parliament (2011 - 2016)"] (PDF). ''[[:en:Daily_Monitor|Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala, Uganda. Archived from [http://www.monitor.co.ug/blob/view/-/1163512/data/262039/-/whf62vz/-/parliament.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2 October 2012. Retrieved 28 July 2014.</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Amama Mbabazi yazaalibwa nga 16 Ogwoluberyeberye 1949, ku kyalo Mparo mu Ssaza lye Rukiga, kati emanyiddwa nga Disitulikiti y'e Rukiga.<ref name=":0" /> Yasomerako mu matendekero ag'amaanyi era agamanyiddwa ennyo mu Ggwanga mu kiseera eky'abafuzi b'amatwale ne mu kaseera nga Uganda efunye obwetwaze: Kigezi College Butobere gy'eyasomera emisomo gy'egya siniya,<ref>Ssekika, Edward (14 August 2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150715230626/http://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=14694%3Ambabazi-mutebile-to-revive-former-school "Mbabazi, Mutebile to revive former school"]. ''[[:en:The_Observer_(Uganda)|The Observer (Uganda)]]''. Kampala. Archived from [http://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=14694:mbabazi-mutebile-to-revive-former-school the original] on 15 July 2015. Retrieved 15 July 2015.</ref> n'e ssomero lya Ntare gye yasomera siniya y'eyomukaaga. Mbabazi yafuna Ddiguli ye esooka Mumateeka okuva ku Yunivasite y'e Makerere.<ref name=":0" /> Yafuna Dipuloma mu kukozesa amateeka okuva ku Ttendekero ly'ebyamateeka mu Uganda erya Law Development Center mu Kampala.<ref name=":0" /> Munnamateeka mu kkooti ya uganda enkulu era abadde omubaka owekibiina ekigata Bannamateeka mu Uganda okuva mu 1977.<ref>Uganda Parliament (2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20140728232812/http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=18&const=Kinkiizi+County+West&dist_id=65&distname=Kanungu "Amama Mbabazi: Member of Parliament, Kinkiizi County West, Kanungu District]". [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Parliament of Uganda]]. Archived from [http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=18&const=Kinkiizi+County+West&dist_id=65&distname=Kanungu the original] on 28 July 2014. Retrieved 28 July 2014.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Nga tanaba kwesogga kisaawe ky'e by'obufuzi, yaweerezaako nga omuwolereza mu offisi ya [[Saabawolereza wa gavumenti ya Uganda|Ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti]] okuva mu 1976 okutuuka mu 1978 era n'asuumusibwa okufuuka Ssaabawandiisi w'ekibiina ekigatta bannamateeka mu ggwanga okuva mu 1977 okutuuka mu 1979.<ref name=":0" /> Wakati wa 1986 ne 1992, Mbabazi yaweerezaako ng'akulira ekitongole ekirondoola eby'okwerinda bya Uganda n'ebweru w'Eggwanga (ESO).<ref name=":0" /> Wakati wa 1999 ne 2000, yaweerezaako nga Minisita omubeezi mu office y'omukulembeze w'eggwanga avunaanyizibwa ku nsonga z'eby'obufuzi.<ref name=":0" /> yafuuka omuwandiisi w'olukiiko lw'abakulembeze ab'ekibiina ky'eby'obufuzi ekya NRM mu Lukiiko oluteeketeeka Ssemateeka akaakola Ssemateeka wa 1995.<ref name=":0" /> Wakati wa 1986 ne 1992, Amama yafuka Minisita w'eggwanga ow'eby'okwerinda.<ref name=":0" /> Oluvanyuma lw'ekyo, y'aweerezaako nga Minisita omubeezi owa regional cooperation okuva mu 1998 okutuuka mu 2001.<ref name=":0" /> yaliko ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti ate nga Minisita w'Eby'Amateeka okuva mu 2004 okutuuka mu 2006, ekifo ekyamuwanguza n'ekitiibwa ky'okubeera Minisita asinze okukola obulungi (super minister).<ref>[https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/Mbabazi-emerges-from-Museveni-s-shadow/-/2558/2758664/-/14nxe4kz/-/index.html "With or without NRM, I will run for presidency in 2016, Mbabazi says"]. Retrieved 22 September 2015.</ref> Yalondebwa nga Minisita w'Eby'Okwerinda mu 2006, ekifo ky'eyabeeramu okutuusa lwe yafuulibwa Minisita w'Obutebenkevu mu 2009.<ref>Mukasa, Henry (2 June 2006). [https://web.archive.org/web/20141211112501/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/501695 "Ministries allocated"]. [[:en:New_Vision|New Vision]]. Archived from [http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/501695 the original] on 11 December 2014. Retrieved 28 July 2014.</ref> era nga ekifo kino yakibeeramu okutuusa mu mwezi Gwokutaano mu mwaka gwa 2011 lwe yalondebwa ku kifo ky'obwa ssaabamininsita w'eggwanga. Yaliko ssaabawandiisi w'ekibiina kya NRM okuva mu Gwekkuminobumu 2005 okutuusa mu Gusooka 2015.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150702082932/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/666515</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150716174439/http://www.theinsider.ug/court-dismisses-mbabazi-nrm-case/</ref> === Okuvuganya ku bwa Pulezidenti === Mukwano gwa Amama Mbabazi ow'omubuto<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/659918-ruhakana-rugunda-new-prime-minister.html</ref>,[[Ruhakana Ruganda|Ruhakana Rugunda]], yalondebwa ku kifo ky'obwa ssaabaminisita nga 18 Ogwomwenda 2014 ng'adda mu bigere bya Amama Mbabazi. okugobwa kwa Mbabazi kwalabibwa ng'ekibonerezo Museveni kye yali awadde Mbabazi oluvannyuma lw'engambo ezaali ziyitingana nti Mbabazi yali yegwanyiza entebe y'obukulembeze era yalina enteekateeka okwenyigira mu lw'okaano lw'okwesimbawo ku bukulembeze bw'eggwanga. Amangu ddala ng'ennaku z'omwezi 15 Ogwomukaaga 2015<ref>https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21654666-ugandan-presidents-29-year-rule-coming-end-bored-big-man</ref> Mbabazi yalangirira okwesimbawo ku kifo ky'omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement|NRM]] era nga yali mwetegefu okuvuganya [[Yoweri Museveni]] ku kifo ekyo ky'ennyini era nga kino yakyasanguliza mu lukungana lw'ekibiina olwatuula nga 4 Ogwokutaano 2015. Oluvannyuma Museveni yalangira Mbabazi okweyisa mu ngeri ey'ekito era atakkirizibwa bannakibiina ba NRM.<ref>http://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/Elections/Mbabazi-to-stand-as-independent/-/859108/2815094/-/kj26ocz/-/index.html</ref> Nga 31 Ogwomusanvu omwaka ogwo gwenyini,oluvannyuma lw'okulemererwa okutegeeragana wakati w'abakulembeze ab'okuntikko, Mbabazi yakawangammula bwe yalangirira nga bwe yali agenda okwesimbawo ku bukulembeze bw'eggwanga nga talina kibiina kyonna mw'ajjidde. wabula nga ekibiina kya the Democratic Alliance(TDA), kye kya muli emabega neewankubadde nga kyalabika nga ekitaalina busobozi bumala kuwangula ntebe ya bukulembeze bwa ggwanga. Mu kalulu kabonna akaakubwa mu mwaka gwa 2016, Mbabazi yakwata ekifo kyakusatu oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obululu ebitundu 1.39 ku buli ku kikumi.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160304012250/http://www.ec.or.ug/sites/default/files/docs/01-Summary_PRESIDENT_1_Final22-FEB-2016.pdf</ref> == Obuweereza bwe mu mawanga g'ebweru. == Mbabazi yakiikirirako Uganda mu mawanga g'ebweru, nga eno yakolerayo bino, yatuula ku kakiiko k'ebyokwerinda ak'amawanga amagatte era ng'eno gye yasabira nti eggye lya uganda ekkuuma ddemmbe (UPDF) likkirizibwe okukwata abayeekera ba Konny ab'eggye lya Lord's Resistance Army. abaali mu [[Democratic Republic of Congo|ggwanga lya congo]]<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150716103827/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/14/494419</ref> == Emikutu emirala == * [https://amamambabazi.com Amama Mbabazi Omukutu gwe Omutongole] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150716113423/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/755641 Olugendo lwa Amama Mbabazi ku bwa ssabaminisita] * [http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/636903-uganda-told-to-repay-aid-funds-lost-in-opm-fraud.html Uganda yategeezebwa Okusasula Ssente Z'obuyambi Ezabulira mu Ofiisi Ya Ssaabaminisita mu Emivuyo] * [http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/120/123/658507 Fallout Okuva Mu Mivuyo eTemangalo]  == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abazalibwa mu 1949]] [[Category:Ababaka ba palamenti eyomunaana]] [[Category:Ababaka ba palamenti eyomwenda]] [[Category:National Resistance Movement]] [[Category:Ssabaminisita wa Uganda]] f3lt3j3x4k7arpchviqdiauqfvz1ivo 66906 66905 2026-08-05T23:11:42Z 24RAY 11014 /* Emirimu gye */ ngasseeko ebijuliziddwa 66906 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''<big>John Patrick Amama Mbabazi</big>''', SC amanyiddwa nga Amama Mbabazi yazaalibwa nga 16 Ogwolubereberye 1949. munnabyabufuzi era Munnayuganda, yaweerezaako mu Paalamenti ey'omwenda nga [[Ssaabaminisita wa Uganda|Ssaabaminisita]] wa Uganda okuva nga 24 Ogwokutaano 2011 okutuuka nga 19 Ogwomwenda 2014.yakola omulimu munene nyo mu gavumenti ez'enjawulo ezirwanyisa obufuzi bwa bamusibiramubbwa okuva mu (1972-1986) era y'omu ku batandisi b'ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]], ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza kati.<ref name=":0">Musoke, Cyprian (24 May 2011). [http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1011194/amama-mbabazi-eur-road-prime-minister "Amama Mbabazi's road to Prime Minister"]. [http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1011194/amama-mbabazi-eur-road-prime-minister New Vision]. Retrieved 15 July 2015.</ref> Mbabazi yaweerezaako ng'omubaka mu Paalamenti akiikirira konsityuwensi y'e Kinziki ey'Obugwanjuba mu Disitulikiti y'e Kanungu, yawereza ku kifo kino okuva mu 1996 okutuusa mu 2016 lwe yavuganya ku kifo ky'omukulembeze w'eggwanga naye n'awangulwa.<ref>Daily Monitor (2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20121002055537/http://www.monitor.co.ug/blob/view/-/1163512/data/262039/-/whf62vz/-/parliament.pdf "Members of the 9th Ugandan Parliament (2011 - 2016)"] (PDF). ''[[:en:Daily_Monitor|Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala, Uganda. Archived from [http://www.monitor.co.ug/blob/view/-/1163512/data/262039/-/whf62vz/-/parliament.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2 October 2012. Retrieved 28 July 2014.</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Amama Mbabazi yazaalibwa nga 16 Ogwoluberyeberye 1949, ku kyalo Mparo mu Ssaza lye Rukiga, kati emanyiddwa nga Disitulikiti y'e Rukiga.<ref name=":0" /> Yasomerako mu matendekero ag'amaanyi era agamanyiddwa ennyo mu Ggwanga mu kiseera eky'abafuzi b'amatwale ne mu kaseera nga Uganda efunye obwetwaze: Kigezi College Butobere gy'eyasomera emisomo gy'egya siniya,<ref>Ssekika, Edward (14 August 2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150715230626/http://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=14694%3Ambabazi-mutebile-to-revive-former-school "Mbabazi, Mutebile to revive former school"]. ''[[:en:The_Observer_(Uganda)|The Observer (Uganda)]]''. Kampala. Archived from [http://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=14694:mbabazi-mutebile-to-revive-former-school the original] on 15 July 2015. Retrieved 15 July 2015.</ref> n'e ssomero lya Ntare gye yasomera siniya y'eyomukaaga. Mbabazi yafuna Ddiguli ye esooka Mumateeka okuva ku Yunivasite y'e Makerere.<ref name=":0" /> Yafuna Dipuloma mu kukozesa amateeka okuva ku Ttendekero ly'ebyamateeka mu Uganda erya Law Development Center mu Kampala.<ref name=":0" /> Munnamateeka mu kkooti ya uganda enkulu era abadde omubaka owekibiina ekigata Bannamateeka mu Uganda okuva mu 1977.<ref>Uganda Parliament (2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20140728232812/http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=18&const=Kinkiizi+County+West&dist_id=65&distname=Kanungu "Amama Mbabazi: Member of Parliament, Kinkiizi County West, Kanungu District]". [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Parliament of Uganda]]. Archived from [http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=18&const=Kinkiizi+County+West&dist_id=65&distname=Kanungu the original] on 28 July 2014. Retrieved 28 July 2014.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Nga tanaba kwesogga kisaawe ky'e by'obufuzi, yaweerezaako nga omuwolereza mu offisi ya [[Saabawolereza wa gavumenti ya Uganda|Ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti]] okuva mu 1976 okutuuka mu 1978 era n'asuumusibwa okufuuka Ssaabawandiisi w'ekibiina ekigatta bannamateeka mu ggwanga okuva mu 1977 okutuuka mu 1979.<ref name=":0" /> Wakati wa 1986 ne 1992, Mbabazi yaweerezaako ng'akulira ekitongole ekirondoola eby'okwerinda bya Uganda n'ebweru w'Eggwanga (ESO).<ref name=":0" /> Wakati wa 1999 ne 2000, yaweerezaako nga Minisita omubeezi mu office y'omukulembeze w'eggwanga avunaanyizibwa ku nsonga z'eby'obufuzi.<ref name=":0" /> yafuuka omuwandiisi w'olukiiko lw'abakulembeze ab'ekibiina ky'eby'obufuzi ekya NRM mu Lukiiko oluteeketeeka Ssemateeka akaakola Ssemateeka wa 1995.<ref name=":0" /> Wakati wa 1986 ne 1992, Amama yafuka Minisita w'eggwanga ow'eby'okwerinda.<ref name=":0" /> Oluvanyuma lw'ekyo, y'aweerezaako nga Minisita omubeezi owa regional cooperation okuva mu 1998 okutuuka mu 2001.<ref name=":0" /> yaliko ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti ate nga Minisita w'Eby'Amateeka okuva mu 2004 okutuuka mu 2006, ekifo ekyamuwanguza n'ekitiibwa ky'okubeera Minisita asinze okukola obulungi (super minister).<ref>[https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/Mbabazi-emerges-from-Museveni-s-shadow/-/2558/2758664/-/14nxe4kz/-/index.html "With or without NRM, I will run for presidency in 2016, Mbabazi says"]. Retrieved 22 September 2015.</ref> Yalondebwa nga Minisita w'Eby'Obukumi mu Ggwanga mu 2006, ekifo ky'eyabeeramu okutuusa lwe yafuulibwa Minisita w'Eby'Okwerinda mu 2009.<ref>Mukasa, Henry (2 June 2006). [https://web.archive.org/web/20141211112501/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/501695 "Ministries allocated"]. [[:en:New_Vision|New Vision]]. Archived from [http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/501695 the original] on 11 December 2014. Retrieved 28 July 2014.</ref> Kubuwerezabwe nga Minisita w'Eby'Okwerinda okuva mu Ogwokubiri 2009<ref>New Vision, Archive (18 February 2009). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150213214754/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/671730 "Full cabinet list]". [[:en:New_Vision|New Vision.]] Archived from [http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/671730 the original] on 13 February 2015. Retrieved 15 July 2015.</ref> okutuka Ogwokutaano 2011, lwe yafulibwa Ssabaminisita w'eGgwanga. Yaliko ssaabawandiisi w'ekibiina kya NRM okuva mu Gwekkuminobumu 2005 okutuusa mu Gusooka 2015.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150702082932/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/666515</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150716174439/http://www.theinsider.ug/court-dismisses-mbabazi-nrm-case/</ref> === Okuvuganya ku bwa Pulezidenti === Mukwano gwa Amama Mbabazi ow'omubuto<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/659918-ruhakana-rugunda-new-prime-minister.html</ref>,[[Ruhakana Ruganda|Ruhakana Rugunda]], yalondebwa ku kifo ky'obwa ssaabaminisita nga 18 Ogwomwenda 2014 ng'adda mu bigere bya Amama Mbabazi. okugobwa kwa Mbabazi kwalabibwa ng'ekibonerezo Museveni kye yali awadde Mbabazi oluvannyuma lw'engambo ezaali ziyitingana nti Mbabazi yali yegwanyiza entebe y'obukulembeze era yalina enteekateeka okwenyigira mu lw'okaano lw'okwesimbawo ku bukulembeze bw'eggwanga. Amangu ddala ng'ennaku z'omwezi 15 Ogwomukaaga 2015<ref>https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21654666-ugandan-presidents-29-year-rule-coming-end-bored-big-man</ref> Mbabazi yalangirira okwesimbawo ku kifo ky'omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement|NRM]] era nga yali mwetegefu okuvuganya [[Yoweri Museveni]] ku kifo ekyo ky'ennyini era nga kino yakyasanguliza mu lukungana lw'ekibiina olwatuula nga 4 Ogwokutaano 2015. Oluvannyuma Museveni yalangira Mbabazi okweyisa mu ngeri ey'ekito era atakkirizibwa bannakibiina ba NRM.<ref>http://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/Elections/Mbabazi-to-stand-as-independent/-/859108/2815094/-/kj26ocz/-/index.html</ref> Nga 31 Ogwomusanvu omwaka ogwo gwenyini,oluvannyuma lw'okulemererwa okutegeeragana wakati w'abakulembeze ab'okuntikko, Mbabazi yakawangammula bwe yalangirira nga bwe yali agenda okwesimbawo ku bukulembeze bw'eggwanga nga talina kibiina kyonna mw'ajjidde. wabula nga ekibiina kya the Democratic Alliance(TDA), kye kya muli emabega neewankubadde nga kyalabika nga ekitaalina busobozi bumala kuwangula ntebe ya bukulembeze bwa ggwanga. Mu kalulu kabonna akaakubwa mu mwaka gwa 2016, Mbabazi yakwata ekifo kyakusatu oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obululu ebitundu 1.39 ku buli ku kikumi.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160304012250/http://www.ec.or.ug/sites/default/files/docs/01-Summary_PRESIDENT_1_Final22-FEB-2016.pdf</ref> == Obuweereza bwe mu mawanga g'ebweru. == Mbabazi yakiikirirako Uganda mu mawanga g'ebweru, nga eno yakolerayo bino, yatuula ku kakiiko k'ebyokwerinda ak'amawanga amagatte era ng'eno gye yasabira nti eggye lya uganda ekkuuma ddemmbe (UPDF) likkirizibwe okukwata abayeekera ba Konny ab'eggye lya Lord's Resistance Army. abaali mu [[Democratic Republic of Congo|ggwanga lya congo]]<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150716103827/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/14/494419</ref> == Emikutu emirala == * [https://amamambabazi.com Amama Mbabazi Omukutu gwe Omutongole] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150716113423/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/755641 Olugendo lwa Amama Mbabazi ku bwa ssabaminisita] * [http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/636903-uganda-told-to-repay-aid-funds-lost-in-opm-fraud.html Uganda yategeezebwa Okusasula Ssente Z'obuyambi Ezabulira mu Ofiisi Ya Ssaabaminisita mu Emivuyo] * [http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/120/123/658507 Fallout Okuva Mu Mivuyo eTemangalo]  == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abazalibwa mu 1949]] [[Category:Ababaka ba palamenti eyomunaana]] [[Category:Ababaka ba palamenti eyomwenda]] [[Category:National Resistance Movement]] [[Category:Ssabaminisita wa Uganda]] sxkkof6j2f8l9vzgdtx6oli2sig3ctp 66907 66906 2026-08-05T23:20:42Z 24RAY 11014 /* Emirimu gye */ ngasseeko ebijuliziddwa 66907 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''<big>John Patrick Amama Mbabazi</big>''', SC amanyiddwa nga Amama Mbabazi yazaalibwa nga 16 Ogwolubereberye 1949. munnabyabufuzi era Munnayuganda, yaweerezaako mu Paalamenti ey'omwenda nga [[Ssaabaminisita wa Uganda|Ssaabaminisita]] wa Uganda okuva nga 24 Ogwokutaano 2011 okutuuka nga 19 Ogwomwenda 2014.yakola omulimu munene nyo mu gavumenti ez'enjawulo ezirwanyisa obufuzi bwa bamusibiramubbwa okuva mu (1972-1986) era y'omu ku batandisi b'ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]], ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza kati.<ref name=":0">Musoke, Cyprian (24 May 2011). [http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1011194/amama-mbabazi-eur-road-prime-minister "Amama Mbabazi's road to Prime Minister"]. [http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1011194/amama-mbabazi-eur-road-prime-minister New Vision]. Retrieved 15 July 2015.</ref> Mbabazi yaweerezaako ng'omubaka mu Paalamenti akiikirira konsityuwensi y'e Kinziki ey'Obugwanjuba mu Disitulikiti y'e Kanungu, yawereza ku kifo kino okuva mu 1996 okutuusa mu 2016 lwe yavuganya ku kifo ky'omukulembeze w'eggwanga naye n'awangulwa.<ref>Daily Monitor (2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20121002055537/http://www.monitor.co.ug/blob/view/-/1163512/data/262039/-/whf62vz/-/parliament.pdf "Members of the 9th Ugandan Parliament (2011 - 2016)"] (PDF). ''[[:en:Daily_Monitor|Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala, Uganda. Archived from [http://www.monitor.co.ug/blob/view/-/1163512/data/262039/-/whf62vz/-/parliament.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2 October 2012. Retrieved 28 July 2014.</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Amama Mbabazi yazaalibwa nga 16 Ogwoluberyeberye 1949, ku kyalo Mparo mu Ssaza lye Rukiga, kati emanyiddwa nga Disitulikiti y'e Rukiga.<ref name=":0" /> Yasomerako mu matendekero ag'amaanyi era agamanyiddwa ennyo mu Ggwanga mu kiseera eky'abafuzi b'amatwale ne mu kaseera nga Uganda efunye obwetwaze: Kigezi College Butobere gy'eyasomera emisomo gy'egya siniya,<ref>Ssekika, Edward (14 August 2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150715230626/http://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=14694%3Ambabazi-mutebile-to-revive-former-school "Mbabazi, Mutebile to revive former school"]. ''[[:en:The_Observer_(Uganda)|The Observer (Uganda)]]''. Kampala. Archived from [http://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=14694:mbabazi-mutebile-to-revive-former-school the original] on 15 July 2015. Retrieved 15 July 2015.</ref> n'e ssomero lya Ntare gye yasomera siniya y'eyomukaaga. Mbabazi yafuna Ddiguli ye esooka Mumateeka okuva ku Yunivasite y'e Makerere.<ref name=":0" /> Yafuna Dipuloma mu kukozesa amateeka okuva ku Ttendekero ly'ebyamateeka mu Uganda erya Law Development Center mu Kampala.<ref name=":0" /> Munnamateeka mu kkooti ya uganda enkulu era abadde omubaka owekibiina ekigata Bannamateeka mu Uganda okuva mu 1977.<ref>Uganda Parliament (2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20140728232812/http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=18&const=Kinkiizi+County+West&dist_id=65&distname=Kanungu "Amama Mbabazi: Member of Parliament, Kinkiizi County West, Kanungu District]". [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Parliament of Uganda]]. Archived from [http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=18&const=Kinkiizi+County+West&dist_id=65&distname=Kanungu the original] on 28 July 2014. Retrieved 28 July 2014.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Nga tanaba kwesogga kisaawe ky'e by'obufuzi, yaweerezaako nga omuwolereza mu offisi ya [[Saabawolereza wa gavumenti ya Uganda|Ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti]] okuva mu 1976 okutuuka mu 1978 era n'asuumusibwa okufuuka Ssaabawandiisi w'ekibiina ekigatta bannamateeka mu ggwanga okuva mu 1977 okutuuka mu 1979.<ref name=":0" /> Wakati wa 1986 ne 1992, Mbabazi yaweerezaako ng'akulira ekitongole ekirondoola eby'okwerinda bya Uganda n'ebweru w'Eggwanga (ESO).<ref name=":0" /> Wakati wa 1999 ne 2000, yaweerezaako nga Minisita omubeezi mu office y'omukulembeze w'eggwanga avunaanyizibwa ku nsonga z'eby'obufuzi.<ref name=":0" /> yafuuka omuwandiisi w'olukiiko lw'abakulembeze ab'ekibiina ky'eby'obufuzi ekya NRM mu Lukiiko oluteeketeeka Ssemateeka akaakola Ssemateeka wa 1995.<ref name=":0" /> Wakati wa 1986 ne 1992, Amama yafuka Minisita w'eggwanga ow'eby'okwerinda.<ref name=":0" /> Oluvanyuma lw'ekyo, y'aweerezaako nga Minisita omubeezi owa regional cooperation okuva mu 1998 okutuuka mu 2001.<ref name=":0" /> yaliko ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti ate nga Minisita w'Eby'Amateeka okuva mu 2004 okutuuka mu 2006, ekifo ekyamuwanguza n'ekitiibwa ky'okubeera Minisita asinze okukola obulungi (super minister).<ref>[https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/Mbabazi-emerges-from-Museveni-s-shadow/-/2558/2758664/-/14nxe4kz/-/index.html "With or without NRM, I will run for presidency in 2016, Mbabazi says"]. Retrieved 22 September 2015.</ref> Yalondebwa nga Minisita w'Eby'Obukumi mu Ggwanga mu 2006, ekifo ky'eyabeeramu okutuusa lwe yafuulibwa Minisita w'Eby'Okwerinda.<ref>Mukasa, Henry (2 June 2006). [https://web.archive.org/web/20141211112501/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/501695 "Ministries allocated"]. [[:en:New_Vision|New Vision]]. Archived from [http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/501695 the original] on 11 December 2014. Retrieved 28 July 2014.</ref> Kubuwerezabwe nga Minisita w'Eby'Okwerinda okuva mu Ogwokubiri 2009<ref>New Vision, Archive (18 February 2009). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150213214754/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/671730 "Full cabinet list]". [[:en:New_Vision|New Vision.]] Archived from [http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/671730 the original] on 13 February 2015. Retrieved 15 July 2015.</ref> okutuka Ogwokutaano 2011, lwe yafulibwa Ssabaminisita w'eGgwanga. Yaliko Ssaabawandiisi w'ekibiina kya NRM okuva mu Ogwekkuminoogumu 2005 okutuusa mu Ogwolubereberye 2015.<ref>Ssengendo, Abdulkarim (31 December 2008). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20150702082932/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/666515 Mbabazi launches campaign for NRM's Byarugaba in Isingiro]". [[:en:New_Vision|New Vision.]] Archived from [http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/666515 the original] on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 15 July 2015.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150716174439/http://www.theinsider.ug/court-dismisses-mbabazi-nrm-case/ ""Court dismisses Mbabazi-NRM case", ''The Insider'', 8 January 2015, accessed 15 July 2015]". Archived from [http://www.theinsider.ug/court-dismisses-mbabazi-nrm-case the original] on 16 July 2015. Retrieved 16 July 2015.</ref> === Okuvuganya ku bwa Pulezidenti === Mukwano gwa Amama Mbabazi ow'omubuto<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/659918-ruhakana-rugunda-new-prime-minister.html</ref>,[[Ruhakana Ruganda|Ruhakana Rugunda]], yalondebwa ku kifo ky'obwa ssaabaminisita nga 18 Ogwomwenda 2014 ng'adda mu bigere bya Amama Mbabazi. okugobwa kwa Mbabazi kwalabibwa ng'ekibonerezo Museveni kye yali awadde Mbabazi oluvannyuma lw'engambo ezaali ziyitingana nti Mbabazi yali yegwanyiza entebe y'obukulembeze era yalina enteekateeka okwenyigira mu lw'okaano lw'okwesimbawo ku bukulembeze bw'eggwanga. Amangu ddala ng'ennaku z'omwezi 15 Ogwomukaaga 2015<ref>https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21654666-ugandan-presidents-29-year-rule-coming-end-bored-big-man</ref> Mbabazi yalangirira okwesimbawo ku kifo ky'omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement|NRM]] era nga yali mwetegefu okuvuganya [[Yoweri Museveni]] ku kifo ekyo ky'ennyini era nga kino yakyasanguliza mu lukungana lw'ekibiina olwatuula nga 4 Ogwokutaano 2015. Oluvannyuma Museveni yalangira Mbabazi okweyisa mu ngeri ey'ekito era atakkirizibwa bannakibiina ba NRM.<ref>http://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/Elections/Mbabazi-to-stand-as-independent/-/859108/2815094/-/kj26ocz/-/index.html</ref> Nga 31 Ogwomusanvu omwaka ogwo gwenyini,oluvannyuma lw'okulemererwa okutegeeragana wakati w'abakulembeze ab'okuntikko, Mbabazi yakawangammula bwe yalangirira nga bwe yali agenda okwesimbawo ku bukulembeze bw'eggwanga nga talina kibiina kyonna mw'ajjidde. wabula nga ekibiina kya the Democratic Alliance(TDA), kye kya muli emabega neewankubadde nga kyalabika nga ekitaalina busobozi bumala kuwangula ntebe ya bukulembeze bwa ggwanga. Mu kalulu kabonna akaakubwa mu mwaka gwa 2016, Mbabazi yakwata ekifo kyakusatu oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obululu ebitundu 1.39 ku buli ku kikumi.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160304012250/http://www.ec.or.ug/sites/default/files/docs/01-Summary_PRESIDENT_1_Final22-FEB-2016.pdf</ref> == Obuweereza bwe mu mawanga g'ebweru. == Mbabazi yakiikirirako Uganda mu mawanga g'ebweru, nga eno yakolerayo bino, yatuula ku kakiiko k'ebyokwerinda ak'amawanga amagatte era ng'eno gye yasabira nti eggye lya uganda ekkuuma ddemmbe (UPDF) likkirizibwe okukwata abayeekera ba Konny ab'eggye lya Lord's Resistance Army. abaali mu [[Democratic Republic of Congo|ggwanga lya congo]]<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150716103827/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/14/494419</ref> == Emikutu emirala == * [https://amamambabazi.com Amama Mbabazi Omukutu gwe Omutongole] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150716113423/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/755641 Olugendo lwa Amama Mbabazi ku bwa ssabaminisita] * [http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/636903-uganda-told-to-repay-aid-funds-lost-in-opm-fraud.html Uganda yategeezebwa Okusasula Ssente Z'obuyambi Ezabulira mu Ofiisi Ya Ssaabaminisita mu Emivuyo] * [http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/120/123/658507 Fallout Okuva Mu Mivuyo eTemangalo]  == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abazalibwa mu 1949]] [[Category:Ababaka ba palamenti eyomunaana]] [[Category:Ababaka ba palamenti eyomwenda]] [[Category:National Resistance Movement]] [[Category:Ssabaminisita wa Uganda]] lkrpdr0ddlbhn2ewmco4v21c97xt5mo 0 8326 66908 61712 2026-08-06T04:51:19Z Kisakye Jane 9195 nterezeezamu mu kiwandiiko 66908 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Owek. Charles Peter Mayiga.jpg|thumb|Oweekitibwa Mayiga nga akutte ddamula]] Oweekitiibwa '''Charles Peter Mayiga''' Yazaalibwa mu 1962. Mayiga Munnamateeka mugundiivu era mukulembeze mu Bwakabaka bwa Buganda era nga ye Katikkiro ekifo kyabaddemu okuva Ssaabasajja lwe yasiima naamuwa obuvunanyizibwa obwo mu 2013. Mayiga era muwandiisi wa bitabo ebifulumira mu lulimi olungereza era waliwo n'ebikyusiddwa okuzzibwa mu Luganda. Nga tannafuuka Katikkiro Ow'ekitiibwa Mayiga yali aweerezza Obwakabaka okuviira ddala mu biseera ebya Ssaabataka. Olukiiko olwakulembera okuzzaawo obwakabaka mu mwaka 1993. Okutuuka mu kifo kino yalondebwa Ssaabasajja [[Kabaka wa Buganda]], aliko,[[Muwenda Mutebi II, Kabaka wa Buganda|Ronald Muwenda Mutebi II]], mu Gwokutaano 2013, era yasikira Ow'ekitiibwa John Baptist Walusimbi<ref>{{cite web|title=Katikiro Mayiga Chairs His First Cabinet Meeting|accessdate=20 February 2015|date=22 May 2013|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/643006-katikiro-mayiga-chairs-his-first-cabinet-meeting.html|first=Jeff Andrew|last=Lule|newspaper=[[New Vision]]|location=Kampala}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Katikiro Mayiga Chairs His First Cabinet Meeting|accessdate=20 February 2015|date=22 May 2013|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/643006-katikiro-mayiga-chairs-his-first-cabinet-meeting.html|first=Jeff Andrew|last=Lule|newspaper=[[New Vision]]|location=Kampala}}</ref> [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] == Ebimukwatako == Oweekitibwa Charles Peter Mayiga ye Katikkiro wa Buganda aliko kati musajja Muganda ey'eddira Omutima omuyanja,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mutima Omuyanja Clan|url=https://buganda.or.ug/clan/mutima-omuyanja-clan/|access-date=2026-02-11|website=Buganda Kingdom|language=en-US}}</ref> azaalibwa ku kyalo [[Kasanje]], mu muluka gw'e ''Kabonera,'' mu [[Masaka (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Masaka]],( kibuga Masaka) mu [http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1333039/-support-buganda-katikiro Masekkati ga Uganda]. Yazaalibwa '''Ssaalongo Cyprian Mukasa''' ne nnyina '''Nnaalongo Rebecca Kyese Mukasa'''. Yasomera Butale Primary School ne mu Nkoni Primary School. Eddaala lya Siniya erya wansi yalisomera mu [[:en:St._Henry's_College_Kitovu|St. Henry's College Kitovu]]. Kyokka oluvannyuma ne yeegatta ku [[:en:St._Mary's_College_Kisubi|St. Mary's College Kisubi]] gye yatuulira S6. Alina Diguli mu mateeka eya [[:en:Bachelor_of_Laws|Bachelor of Laws]] (LLB), gye yafunira mu [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Makerere University]]. Alina ne Dipuloma mu kukola amateeka eya [[:en:Legal_practice|Diploma in Legal Practice]], gye yasomera ku ttendekero ly'ebyamateeka erya [[:en:Law_Development_Center|Law Development Center]], mu Kampala, ekibuga kya Uganda ekikulu.<ref name="History">{{cite web|title=Kabaka Alonze Mayiga Ku Bwakatikkiro (The King Has Appointed Mayiga As Prime Minister)|url=http://www.bukedde.co.ug/news/71749-Kabaka-alonze-Mayiga-ku-Bwakatikkiro.html|date=11 May 2013|accessdate=20 February 2015|last=Margaret Ziribaggwa|first=and Anthony Ssempereza|newspaper=[[New Vision Group|Bukedde.co.ug]] ([[Luganda]])|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220194050/http://www.bukedde.co.ug/news/71749-Kabaka-alonze-Mayiga-ku-Bwakatikkiro.html|archivedate=20 February 2015}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Okuviira ddala mu 1987, Mayiga abadde akolera wamu n'obukulembeze bw'obwakabaka bwa [[Buganda]], era y'omu ku bantu abeebuuzibwako naddala ku nsonga ezikwata ku Bwabakabaka era ng'abuwandiiseeko ne mu bimu ku bitabo bye nga [https://books.google.co.ug/books/about/King_on_the_Throne.html?id=20ZFYgEACAAJ&redir_esc=y King on the throne]<ref>Mayiga, C.P. (2009). ''King on the throne: The story of the restoration of the kingdom of Buganda''. Prime Time Communications. Retrieved from <nowiki>https://books.google.co.ug/books?id=20ZFYgEACAAJ</nowiki></ref>(2009) mwatebeza ebyo ebyakulembera okuzzibwawo kw'Obwakabaka bwa Buganda Nga 4 Ogwomusanvu 1991, ng'Obwakabaka bwa Buganda bwetegekera okuzzibwawo, Mayiga yalondebwa okubeera omuwandiisi w'olukiiko lw'abakungu ba Ssaabasajja (olwa Ssaabataka nga bweyayitibwanga mu budde obwo) abaalondebwa okuteekateeka n'okuzzaawo ennono z'obuwangwa bw'Abaganda n'Okuzzaawo obukulembeze bw'Obwakabaka. Oluvannyuma ekitiibwa kino kyakyuka n'afuuka omuwandiisi wa ssetteeserezo wa Buganda ayitibwa ''[[:en:Lukiiko|Lukiiko]] oluvannyuma lw'okuzzibwawo kw'Obwakabaka.'' Mwami Mayiga era yakolako nga minisita mu minisitule ez'enjawulo omuli ey'abavubuka n'ey'ebyamawulire okutuuka bwe yalondebwa ku [[:en:Katikkiro_of_Buganda|Bwatikkiro wa Buganda]] mu Gwokutaano, 2013.<ref name="One">{{cite web|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1321669/mayiga-choice-katikkiro|title=Mayiga: The right choice for Katikkiro|last=Ssebunnya|first=Robert|date=1 June 2013|location=Kampala|accessdate=12 November 2016|newspaper=[[New Vision]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Mayiga-appointed-Katikkiro/-/688334/1850466/-/rhyrwbz/-/index.html |access-date=2022-11-25 |archive-date=2017-09-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908200454/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Mayiga-appointed-Katikkiro/-/688334/1850466/-/rhyrwbz/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nga tannalondebwa nga Katikkiro, Mayiga yali agaanyi ebifo ebisukka mu bibiri (2) ebyali bimuweereddwa mu Gavumenti eya wakati - [[:en:Government_of_Uganda|Gavumenti ya Uganda.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=25380:how-mayiga-took-buganda-top-job |access-date=2022-11-25 |archive-date=2022-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125185728/https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=25380:how-mayiga-took-buganda-top-job |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Emirimu gye wabweru w'obuwereza mu bw'akabaka bwa Buganda == Oweekitiibwa [https://x.com/cpmayiga Mayiga] munnamateeka omutendeke era ye ne munywanyi we baatandika kkampuni ya bannamateeka eya [https://web.archive.org/web/20240620172924/http://www.buwuleandmayiga.com/ Buwule and Mayiga Company Advocates], mu mwaka 1994. Eno esangibwa [[Kampala]] [[Yuganda|Uganda]] mu ssaza Kyadondo, musajja mulimi era amanyiddwa olwobwagazi bwalina eri ekirime ky'emwanyi, era muwandiisi w'abitabo era ng'ebitabo bye ebisinga awandiika ku nsonga z'obwakabaka bwa Buganda ( ekitabo [https://x.com/cpmayiga/status/1789621795131175045 Kabaka ku Nnamulondo]) Mwami Mayiga era awandiika ku byenfuna n'okwekulakulanya. == Laba ne == * [[:en:Mengo,_Uganda|Mengo]] * Bulange<ref>https://www.ugandasafaristours.com/uganda-attractions/bulange-mengo.html</ref> * [[Kabaka wa Buganda]] * Nnabagereka wa Buganda == Ebijuliziddwa okuva wabweru wa Wikipediya == * [http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/652814-buganda-centenary-bank-partner-in-kasubi-tombs-drive.html "Buganda, Centenary Bank partner in Kasubi tombs drive"], ''New Vision'', 21 February 2014 * [http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/650446-katikiro-mayiga-leadership-style-proves-critics-wrong.html "Katikiro Mayiga Leadership Style Proves Critics Wrong"], ''New Vision'', 12 December 2013 == Olukangaga olulaga Bakatikkiro bwe bazze beddiring'ana == {{s-start|}} {{s-bef|before=[[John Baptist Walusimbi|Engineer John Baptist Walusimbi]]<br><small>as [[Prime Minister|Katikkiro]] of [[Buganda]]</small>}} {{s-ttl|title=Charles Peter Mayiga<br><small>as [[Prime Minister|Katikkiro]] of [[Buganda]]</small>|years=2013–present}} {{s-aft|after=Incumbent}} {{s-end}} 5mz2t3jpn6odb0diibaqib028vxu7gb 66909 66908 2026-08-06T04:52:50Z Kisakye Jane 9195 ntaddemu ettuluba 66909 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Owek. Charles Peter Mayiga.jpg|thumb|Oweekitibwa Mayiga nga akutte ddamula]] Oweekitiibwa '''Charles Peter Mayiga''' Yazaalibwa mu 1962. Mayiga Munnamateeka mugundiivu era mukulembeze mu Bwakabaka bwa Buganda era nga ye Katikkiro ekifo kyabaddemu okuva Ssaabasajja lwe yasiima naamuwa obuvunanyizibwa obwo mu 2013. Mayiga era muwandiisi wa bitabo ebifulumira mu lulimi olungereza era waliwo n'ebikyusiddwa okuzzibwa mu Luganda. Nga tannafuuka Katikkiro Ow'ekitiibwa Mayiga yali aweerezza Obwakabaka okuviira ddala mu biseera ebya Ssaabataka. Olukiiko olwakulembera okuzzaawo obwakabaka mu mwaka 1993. Okutuuka mu kifo kino yalondebwa Ssaabasajja [[Kabaka wa Buganda]], aliko,[[Muwenda Mutebi II, Kabaka wa Buganda|Ronald Muwenda Mutebi II]], mu Gwokutaano 2013, era yasikira Ow'ekitiibwa John Baptist Walusimbi<ref>{{cite web|title=Katikiro Mayiga Chairs His First Cabinet Meeting|accessdate=20 February 2015|date=22 May 2013|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/643006-katikiro-mayiga-chairs-his-first-cabinet-meeting.html|first=Jeff Andrew|last=Lule|newspaper=[[New Vision]]|location=Kampala}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Katikiro Mayiga Chairs His First Cabinet Meeting|accessdate=20 February 2015|date=22 May 2013|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/643006-katikiro-mayiga-chairs-his-first-cabinet-meeting.html|first=Jeff Andrew|last=Lule|newspaper=[[New Vision]]|location=Kampala}}</ref> [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] == Ebimukwatako == Oweekitibwa Charles Peter Mayiga ye Katikkiro wa Buganda aliko kati musajja Muganda ey'eddira Omutima omuyanja,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mutima Omuyanja Clan|url=https://buganda.or.ug/clan/mutima-omuyanja-clan/|access-date=2026-02-11|website=Buganda Kingdom|language=en-US}}</ref> azaalibwa ku kyalo [[Kasanje]], mu muluka gw'e ''Kabonera,'' mu [[Masaka (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Masaka]],( kibuga Masaka) mu [http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1333039/-support-buganda-katikiro Masekkati ga Uganda]. Yazaalibwa '''Ssaalongo Cyprian Mukasa''' ne nnyina '''Nnaalongo Rebecca Kyese Mukasa'''. Yasomera Butale Primary School ne mu Nkoni Primary School. Eddaala lya Siniya erya wansi yalisomera mu [[:en:St._Henry's_College_Kitovu|St. Henry's College Kitovu]]. Kyokka oluvannyuma ne yeegatta ku [[:en:St._Mary's_College_Kisubi|St. Mary's College Kisubi]] gye yatuulira S6. Alina Diguli mu mateeka eya [[:en:Bachelor_of_Laws|Bachelor of Laws]] (LLB), gye yafunira mu [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Makerere University]]. Alina ne Dipuloma mu kukola amateeka eya [[:en:Legal_practice|Diploma in Legal Practice]], gye yasomera ku ttendekero ly'ebyamateeka erya [[:en:Law_Development_Center|Law Development Center]], mu Kampala, ekibuga kya Uganda ekikulu.<ref name="History">{{cite web|title=Kabaka Alonze Mayiga Ku Bwakatikkiro (The King Has Appointed Mayiga As Prime Minister)|url=http://www.bukedde.co.ug/news/71749-Kabaka-alonze-Mayiga-ku-Bwakatikkiro.html|date=11 May 2013|accessdate=20 February 2015|last=Margaret Ziribaggwa|first=and Anthony Ssempereza|newspaper=[[New Vision Group|Bukedde.co.ug]] ([[Luganda]])|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220194050/http://www.bukedde.co.ug/news/71749-Kabaka-alonze-Mayiga-ku-Bwakatikkiro.html|archivedate=20 February 2015}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Okuviira ddala mu 1987, Mayiga abadde akolera wamu n'obukulembeze bw'obwakabaka bwa [[Buganda]], era y'omu ku bantu abeebuuzibwako naddala ku nsonga ezikwata ku Bwabakabaka era ng'abuwandiiseeko ne mu bimu ku bitabo bye nga [https://books.google.co.ug/books/about/King_on_the_Throne.html?id=20ZFYgEACAAJ&redir_esc=y King on the throne]<ref>Mayiga, C.P. (2009). ''King on the throne: The story of the restoration of the kingdom of Buganda''. Prime Time Communications. Retrieved from <nowiki>https://books.google.co.ug/books?id=20ZFYgEACAAJ</nowiki></ref>(2009) mwatebeza ebyo ebyakulembera okuzzibwawo kw'Obwakabaka bwa Buganda Nga 4 Ogwomusanvu 1991, ng'Obwakabaka bwa Buganda bwetegekera okuzzibwawo, Mayiga yalondebwa okubeera omuwandiisi w'olukiiko lw'abakungu ba Ssaabasajja (olwa Ssaabataka nga bweyayitibwanga mu budde obwo) abaalondebwa okuteekateeka n'okuzzaawo ennono z'obuwangwa bw'Abaganda n'Okuzzaawo obukulembeze bw'Obwakabaka. Oluvannyuma ekitiibwa kino kyakyuka n'afuuka omuwandiisi wa ssetteeserezo wa Buganda ayitibwa ''[[:en:Lukiiko|Lukiiko]] oluvannyuma lw'okuzzibwawo kw'Obwakabaka.'' Mwami Mayiga era yakolako nga minisita mu minisitule ez'enjawulo omuli ey'abavubuka n'ey'ebyamawulire okutuuka bwe yalondebwa ku [[:en:Katikkiro_of_Buganda|Bwatikkiro wa Buganda]] mu Gwokutaano, 2013.<ref name="One">{{cite web|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1321669/mayiga-choice-katikkiro|title=Mayiga: The right choice for Katikkiro|last=Ssebunnya|first=Robert|date=1 June 2013|location=Kampala|accessdate=12 November 2016|newspaper=[[New Vision]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Mayiga-appointed-Katikkiro/-/688334/1850466/-/rhyrwbz/-/index.html |access-date=2022-11-25 |archive-date=2017-09-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908200454/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Mayiga-appointed-Katikkiro/-/688334/1850466/-/rhyrwbz/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nga tannalondebwa nga Katikkiro, Mayiga yali agaanyi ebifo ebisukka mu bibiri (2) ebyali bimuweereddwa mu Gavumenti eya wakati - [[:en:Government_of_Uganda|Gavumenti ya Uganda.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=25380:how-mayiga-took-buganda-top-job |access-date=2022-11-25 |archive-date=2022-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125185728/https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=25380:how-mayiga-took-buganda-top-job |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Emirimu gye wabweru w'obuwereza mu bw'akabaka bwa Buganda == Oweekitiibwa [https://x.com/cpmayiga Mayiga] munnamateeka omutendeke era ye ne munywanyi we baatandika kkampuni ya bannamateeka eya [https://web.archive.org/web/20240620172924/http://www.buwuleandmayiga.com/ Buwule and Mayiga Company Advocates], mu mwaka 1994. Eno esangibwa [[Kampala]] [[Yuganda|Uganda]] mu ssaza Kyadondo, musajja mulimi era amanyiddwa olwobwagazi bwalina eri ekirime ky'emwanyi, era muwandiisi w'abitabo era ng'ebitabo bye ebisinga awandiika ku nsonga z'obwakabaka bwa Buganda ( ekitabo [https://x.com/cpmayiga/status/1789621795131175045 Kabaka ku Nnamulondo]) Mwami Mayiga era awandiika ku byenfuna n'okwekulakulanya. == Laba ne == * [[:en:Mengo,_Uganda|Mengo]] * Bulange<ref>https://www.ugandasafaristours.com/uganda-attractions/bulange-mengo.html</ref> * [[Kabaka wa Buganda]] * Nnabagereka wa Buganda == Ebijuliziddwa okuva wabweru wa Wikipediya == * [http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/652814-buganda-centenary-bank-partner-in-kasubi-tombs-drive.html "Buganda, Centenary Bank partner in Kasubi tombs drive"], ''New Vision'', 21 February 2014 * [http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/650446-katikiro-mayiga-leadership-style-proves-critics-wrong.html "Katikiro Mayiga Leadership Style Proves Critics Wrong"], ''New Vision'', 12 December 2013 == Olukangaga olulaga Bakatikkiro bwe bazze beddiring'ana == {{s-start|}} {{s-bef|before=[[John Baptist Walusimbi|Engineer John Baptist Walusimbi]]<br><small>as [[Prime Minister|Katikkiro]] of [[Buganda]]</small>}} {{s-ttl|title=Charles Peter Mayiga<br><small>as [[Prime Minister|Katikkiro]] of [[Buganda]]</small>|years=2013–present}} {{s-aft|after=Incumbent}} {{s-end}} <references /> [[Category:Bannayuganda abayivu abasajja]] id666odjp4lckf5dviyy965dbfap6oo 0 8465 66838 60705 2026-08-05T19:15:16Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66838 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Austin Bukenya'' yazaalibwa nga 10 Ogw'okubiri mu 1944) nga munayuganda omutontomi, muwandiisi wa mizannyo, obutabo wamu n'okudukanya eby'enjigiriza.<ref name="newvision">http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/654271-prof-challenges-gov-t-on-role-of-humanities.html</ref>Yeeyawandiika akatabo akayitibwa 'The People's Bachelor',<ref name="edirisa">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140508223606/http://www.edirisa.org/studioarchive/?p=1510 "The People’s Bachelor – the greatest Ugandan novel"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508223606/http://www.edirisa.org/studioarchive/?p=1510|date=8 May 2014}}, edirisa.org. Retrieved 8 May 2014.</ref> n'omuzannyo oguyitibwa, 'The Bride.<ref name="joankivanda2">[http://joankivanda.wordpress.com/the-bride/ The Bride… a review Words on Austin Lwanga Bukenya’s The Bride], joankivanda.wordpress.com. Retrieved 7 May 2014.</ref>Asomeseza enimu, enono y'olulimu n'emizannyo kutendero lya [[:en:Makerere_University|Makerere University]] mu Uganda ne yunivasite mu Bungereza, Tanzania ne Kenya okuva mu myaka gya 1960 bwegyali gigwaako. Yali abeera ku yunivasite mu Rwanda ne Germany. Bukenya awa n'endowooza ye ku butabo, ebitontome n'emizannyo. Muzannyi wa kusiteegi ne kuntimbe atukiridde, yaliko okumala emyaka ng'atendeka mu kifo kya Creative and Performing Arts Centre ku [[:en:Kenyatta_University|Kenyatta University]] mu Nairobi.<ref name="badilishapoetry2">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140520044251/http://badilishapoetry.com/artists-profile/301/ Austin Bukenya] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140520044251/http://badilishapoetry.com/artists-profile/301/|date=20 May 2014}}, badilishapoetry.com. Retrieved 7 May 2014.</ref> == Obuto bwe no'buyigirize == Bukenya, ayagala ennyo okuyitibbwa Mwalimu, yazaalibwa mu 1944 e [[:en:Masaka|Masaka]] mu kibugga, mu bukiika ddyo bwa Uganda, nga taata we yali musirikale. Famire ye oluvannyuma yagenda e Kitukutwe, mayiro 15 okuva mu Kampala. Taata ye yali mukatuliki omukuukutivu eyali asobola okunyumya engero z'omu bayibuli n'azifuula n'egero z'amaama we ez'obuwangwa. Okusinziira ku Bukenya, engero zino z'asikiriza nnyo endowooza zze.<ref name="redpepper2">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160205193813/http://www.redpepper.co.ug/the-future-of-young-writers-is-online-bukenya/ The Future for Young Writers is Online – Bukenya] redpepper.co.ug. Retrieved 7 May 2014.</ref> Yasomera kusomero lya Gayaza pulayimale, oluvannyuma n'agenda Kisubi Seminary gyeyayigira enimi satu okwali [[:en:French_language|olufalansa]] [[:en:English_language|oluzungu]] [[:en:Latin|n'olulatini]]. Kino oluvannyuma kyawa endowoza ye ey'okuwandiika n'ebiseera bye eby'omumaaso mu by'enjigiriza. Okwagala kwe eri eby'onono z'olulimi by'agenda bikula nga byanywezebwa ku [[:en:Namilyango_College|Namilyango College,]] gyeyamalira ebigezo bya siniya eyokuna ne Siniya eyomukaaga.<ref name="namilyangocollege2">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140526014344/http://namilyangocollege.sc.ug/students/alumini/ Student Alumini] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140526014344/http://namilyangocollege.sc.ug/students/alumini/|date=26 May 2014}} namilyangocollege.sc.ug. Retrieved 7 May 2014.</ref>.Mu 1965, yagenda ku [[:en:Dar_es_Salaam_University|Dar es Salaam University]] gyeyayoongera okuyiga ku by'enimi ng'esira asinze kuliteeka mululimi [[:en:Kiswahili|oluswayiri]]. Yasoma eby'enimu n'okuwandiika n'oluzungu mu diguli esooka. Ebyawandiikibwa bya Bukenya ebisinga biri mu luswayiri nga bino byonna asiima jjajja we omukyala, ng'emirandira gye gisibuka mu [[:en:Dar_es_Salaam|Dar es Salaam]]. Yasikirizibwa abasoma abaakuguka mu by'enimu nga Wilson Whitely, Omungereza omuwandiisi eyamannyikwa ennyo olw'akatabo ke ak'olulimi oluswayiri'': the Rising of a National Language''. Bukenya yeegata ku yunivasite y'e Makerere ku diguli ng'omuyizi mu 1968, oluvannyuma n'akuguka mu koosi ya litulikya omwogere.<ref name="redpepper3">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160205193813/http://www.redpepper.co.ug/the-future-of-young-writers-is-online-bukenya/ The Future for Young Writers is Online – Bukenya] redpepper.co.ug. Retrieved 7 May 2014.</ref>Yasomerako ku yunivasite mu Madagascar n'e Bungereza, neyeeyongerayo ne diguli zze ku yunivasite y'e Makerere ne Kenyatta. Ayigiriza ennimi, ebiyiiye ne katemba e Makerere University mu Uganda ne yunivasite mu Bungereza, Tanzania ne Kenya okuva mu myaka gya 1960 nga gigwaako.<ref name="badilishapoetry3">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140520044251/http://badilishapoetry.com/artists-profile/301/ Austin Bukenya] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140520044251/http://badilishapoetry.com/artists-profile/301/|date=20 May 2014}}, badilishapoetry.com. Retrieved 7 May 2014.</ref> == Okuwandiika == Omutomi, omuwandiisi w'obutabo n'omuzannyi wa ffirimu omukuukutivu, Bukenya yatwalibwa mu katemba w'okusiteegi nga yasikirizibwa bazaddebe okubeera omuwandiisi, abaalina okukiriza okw'amaanyi mu by'obuwangwa bya Buganda. Okunyikirwa kw'okuzannya katemba mu bulamu bwe obwabulijjo kyali kitundu ku by'enjigiriza bya Bukenya eyakulira mu byalo by'e Uganda gyeyali omujulizi wa katemba ow'enjawulo ng'abaana bakuba ennyimba z'obuwangwa n'amazina, emizannyo,gye'njatula y'ebigaambo ekyasikiriza no'kuwandikakwe.Bukenya yawandiika katemba we eyasooka okumuwanguza ekirabo mu 1964, nga basinziira kungero ezaamubulirwa maama. Okuva olwo awandiise emizannyo ne katemba w'oku leediyo, naye nga yasobola okufulumya emizannyo ebbiri gyokka okwali, ''The Secret'' ne ''The Bride''.<ref name="joankivanda">[http://joankivanda.wordpress.com/the-bride/ The Bride… a review Words on Austin Lwanga Bukenya’s The Bride], joankivanda.wordpress.com. Retrieved 7 May 2014.</ref> Emirimu gya Bukenya kwaliko: ''The Mermaid of Msambweni'', ''The Bride – katemba eyalina ebitundu bbinna'', n'ogwa ''John Ruganda oguyitibwa; The Floods'', n'endala. Yasomesa mu Kenya ku Kenyatta University, wamu ne [[:en:Bayreuth_University|Bayreuth University]], mu Department of African Studies mu Germany. Yasembayo okufulumya ''A Hole in the Sky'', ekiteeka esira mu kukuuma ebitwetoloode, nga ekitiibwa mu eyali omulwanirizi w'ebitwetoloodde okuva e Kenya eyaweebwa n'engule [[:en:Wangari_Maathai|Wangari Maathai]].<ref name="redpepper">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160205193813/http://www.redpepper.co.ug/the-future-of-young-writers-is-online-bukenya/ The Future for Young Writers is Online – Bukenya] redpepper.co.ug. Retrieved 7 May 2014.</ref>Emirimu gya Bukenya gitekeddwa ku kanaala k'abatontomi aka pan-African poetry platformku mukutu gwa [[:en:Badilisha_Poetry_Radio|Badilisha Poetry Radio]].<ref name="badilishapoetry">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140520044251/http://badilishapoetry.com/artists-profile/301/ Austin Bukenya] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140520044251/http://badilishapoetry.com/artists-profile/301/|date=20 May 2014}}, badilishapoetry.com. Retrieved 7 May 2014.</ref>Ali mu kibiina ky'abawandiisi ekya[https://web.archive.org/web/20140520044251/http://badilishapoetry.com/artists-profile/301/ FEMRITE].<ref name="femriteug">[http://www.femriteug.org/?view=1 FEMRITE Membership], femriteug.org. Retrieved 7 May 2014.</ref> == Byeyafulumya == === Obutabo === * ''The poeples's Bachelor''.East Africanpublishing House.1972 === Katemba === * {{cite book |year=1987 |title=The Bride |publisher=East African Educational Publishers |isbn=9789966463616}} *  {{cite book |year=2013 |title=A Hole in the Sky |publisher=Oxford University Press (EA) |isbn=9780195738162}} === By'ayogedde ku byawandikibwa === *  {{cite book |year=1972 |title=Notes on East African Poetry Volume 13 of An H.E.B. student's guide |publisher=East African Publishing House}} === Ebitabo ebiyigiriza === * Naturally, in  <cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFDick_Dawson1989">(1989). ''Revival: An Anthology of African Poetry''. College Press. ISBN&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780869259177|<bdi>9780869259177</bdi>]].</cite> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140520044251/http://badilishapoetry.com/artists-profile/301/ "A Dancer's Challenge"] in Badilishapoetry, 2014 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304200613/http://2bnileavenue.blogspot.com/2006/02/i-met-thief.html "I met a thief"]Ebitontome n'ebirala by'awandiise {{cite book |year=2003 |title=Head Start Secondary English: Form 1 |publisher=Oxford University Press, East Africa Limited |ISBN=9780195731262}} {{cite book |year=1998 |title=Oral Literature: A Junior Course [forms 1 and 2] |publisher=Longhorn Publishers |ISBN=9789966494320}}Ebitontome * Naturally, in  <cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFDick_Dawson1989">(1989). ''Revival: An Anthology of African Poetry''. College Press. ISBN&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780869259177|<bdi>9780869259177</bdi>]].</cite> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140520044251/http://badilishapoetry.com/artists-profile/301/ "A Dancer's Challenge"] in Badilishapoetry, 2014 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304200613/http://2bnileavenue.blogspot.com/2006/02/i-met-thief.html "I met a thief"] Jane Nandwa and muyigai Gachwanga {{cite book |year=1994 |title=Understanding Oral Literature |publisher=Nairobi University Press |ISBN=9789966846310 |editor=Austin Bukenya, Wanjikũ Mũkabi Kabĩra}} * Wanjikũ Mũkabi Kabĩra and Duncan Okoth-Okombo * {{cite book |year=1989 |title=The Skills of English: An Integrated Course of Language and Literature |publisher=Oxford University Press |ISBN=9780195726930}} with Arnold Curtis and James Park {{cite book |year=1986 |title=John Ruganda's The Floods: Volume 1 of H.E.B. advanced study companion |publisher=Heinemann Kenya}} {{cite book |year=1983 |title=African Oral Literature for Schools |publisher=Longman Kenya |ISBN=9780582609945}} '''Ebitontome''' {{cite book |year=1989 |title=Revival: An Anthology of African Poetry |url=https://archive.org/details/revivalanthology0000unse_o2b8 |publisher=College Press |ISBN=9780869259177 |editor=Dick Dawson}} == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * [http://www.oralliterature.org/about/oralliterature.html "Definitions and understandings of oral literature"] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140702032538/http://vc.mak.ac.ug/events/238-of-oracy-orature-textology-and-clapping-chairs.html "Of Oracy, Orature, Textology and Clapping Chairs "] * [http://ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=50956 "Professor Bukenya: Chinua Achebe Inspired My Writing"] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20221210144410/https://observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=31203:-stop-discriminating-against-humanities&Itemid=96 "‘Stop discriminating against humanities’ "] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140917035948/http://independent.co.ug/society/book-review/707-literature-growth-in-uganda "Literature growth in Uganda "] * [http://www.africareview.com/Arts-and-Culture/-/979194/1407612/-/huq3rh/-/index.html "Storytellers paint Uganda's pyramid of ancient wisdom"] * [http://gonetilnovember.wordpress.com/2008/04/ "I got it"] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235756/http://mobile.nation.co.ke/lifestyle/Kings-of-Ugandas-heritage/-/1950774/2049758/-/format/xhtml/-/4oh1hez/-/index.html "‘Kings’ of Uganda’s heritage"] * [http://artmatters.info/heritage-formerly-culture/2013/11/africa-must-embrace-traditional-values-or-perish/ "Africa Must Embrace Traditional Values or Perish"] * [http://dennoznewspaperarticles.blogspot.com/2011/11/is-this-time-for-ugandan-writers-to.html "Is this the time for Ugandan writers to shine again?"] 2omifvtqmncxrjli5h9e9rfu4p37j5c 0 9632 66835 54711 2026-08-05T19:14:19Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66835 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''China Keitetsi''' yazaalibwa mu 1976, nga munayuganda omulwanirizi w'eddembe, nga kakuyege we asinga kumuteeka ku baana abato abakola nga abasirikale. Ebijukiz bya Keitetsi, eyaliko omwana mu magye naye kenyini, bikyusiddwa mu nimu ez'enjawulo nga Mulufalansa, Olugirimaani, Olucayina, Oludeeni, Oluyitale, Olusipaana, oludaaci wamu ne nimi endala.<ref>https://profilebooks.com/</ref> == Ebimukwatako == China Keitetsi yazaalibwa mu 1976 mu bug bwa [[:en:Uganda|Uganda,]] nga maama we teyaliiwo, nga mu 1984, ku myaka 9 Keitetsi ne muganda we omuwala baduka nga bagezaako okuzuula maama waabwe. Yakomekerera afuuse munamagye omwana, mu ba yeekera ba [[:en:National_Resistance_Army|National Resistance Army]].<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2003/08/30/world/the-saturday-profile-a-former-child-soldier-fights-her-memories.html</ref><ref>https://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/6989751.now-know-feels-cry/</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Amazon|date=April 30, 2004|title=Child Soldier|url=https://archive.org/details/childsoldier0000keit|isbn=0285636901}}</ref> Obulamu bwa China obwasooka mu Uganda nga omuwala eyali omuto ng'ate munamagye, bwalaga okukabanyisibwa abaana aboobuwala n'abakyala bwebayitamu nga bali mu biseera by'entalo, n'obutabanguko.<ref name="Messay 1–17">https://doi.org/10.1080/14484528.2021.1930501</ref> Embeera ya [[:en:Kampala|Kampala]] yakyuka nga 26 mu Gusooka mu 1986, nga wano [[:en:Museveni|Museveni]] weyalangirirwa nga pulezidenti wa Uganda, naye Uganda yasigala erulumirwaako entalo z'omudda. Mukaseea kano, China Keitetsi yali akola nga omukuumi w'eyali omusirikale eyali omukulu, nga tanaba kwegata ku poliisi y'amagye.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.entreculturas.org/es/noticias/girl-soldiers-great-forgotten |access-date=2023-03-19 |archive-date=2023-03-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319081533/https://www.entreculturas.org/es/noticias/girl-soldiers-great-forgotten |url-status=dead }}</ref>Ebibiina ebiwerako byalwanyisa gavuenti eno eyali empya. == Obulamu bwe nga omuwala omuto eyali omujaasi == China, nga abaana abalala bonna abaatwalibwa ekibiina ky'obuyekera ekya NRA okulwanyisa gavumenti ya [[:en:Obote|Obote,]] baasigala mu bitiibwa by'amagye ga gavumenti empya, aga [[:en:Ugandan_People's_Defence_Forces|lwanirira eddembe ly'abantu ba Uganda]], aga UPDF.<ref>http://www.fides.org/en/news/6678-EUROPE_GERMANY_World_Day_for_former_Child_Soldiers_China_Keitesti_tells_of_her_sad_experience_at_a_meeting_of_the_Pontifical_Mission_Societies</ref> Yamala emyaka 10 nga omuwala omuto eyali mu magye, ng'ali mu kutya, wamu n'okukabasanyizibwa wansi w'amagye g'ekibiina ky'abayeekera ekya Ugandan National Resistance Army.<ref name="Messay 1–17" /> == Obulamu bwe nga omukazi alina eddembe lye == Wakati wa 1986 ne 1995, yagezaako okukomawo mubulamu bw'okubeera omuntu wa bulijjo, naye nga yamala ebiseera ebisinga mu magye ga gavumenti eyali empya. Esaawa eno abeera mu ggwanga lya Denmark , era nga yafulumiza embeera gyeyayitamu mu katabo keyayita, ''Child Soldier: Fighting for my life oba omwana nga munamagye: Nwanirira obulamu bwange'' .<ref>https://www.goodreads.com/work/best_book/757655-child-soldier</ref><ref>https://www.un.org/en/chronicle/article/every-surviving-war-child-has-two-stories-one-war-and-one-its-aftermath</ref> Yafuuka omwogezi w'ensi yonna ku lw'abaana abato nga banamagye munsi yonna, nga bali mu kaseera akazibu. China agenda yeetoloola amawanga ga Bulaaya, Amerika, Canada, wamu ne Japan,wamu n'amawanga amagate, UNESCO, wamu ne mu Paalamenti y'e Girimaani ng'asomesa ku bizibu abaana nga banamagye byebayitamu. Ebitongole ebiwerako, omuli n'ekivunaanyizibwa ku by'ensonga z'abaana munsi yonna ekya UNICEF, ekitongole ky'ensi yonna ekisonyiwa abantu abaasibibwa olw'ensonga z'eby'obufuzi ekiyitibwa Amnesty International, Terre des Hommes, Oxfam, wamu n'okukwatira awamu okulaba nga bayimiriza okukozesa abaana nga banamagye, wamu ne IANSA, biyamba China Keitetsi mu nsonga ze zino.<ref name=":0" /> Akatabo ka China kafulumiziddwa mu manwanga nga Denmark, mu Budaaki, Girimaani, Austria, Switzerland, South Afrika, Bungereza, Bufalansa, Spain, Czech Republic, Japan wamu ne China. Yakwata ebitundi ebisooka mu luyimba oluyitibwa "Blood" Omusaayi olwa [[:en:The_Kelly_Family|The Kelly Family]] nga luno lwayibibwa [[:en:Jimmy_Kelly_(singer)|Jimmy Kelly]] mu lutambi lwe olwa 2003 lwebayita [[:en:Homerun_(The_Kelly_Family_album)|Homerun]].<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I4U2Nwxv1UQ</ref> == Obutabo bwe == * Omwana munamagye: Nwanirira obulamu bwange oba Child Soldier: Fighting for my Life (German edition: ''Sie nahmen mir die Mutter und gaben mir ein Gewehr'') kaafulumizibwa mu 2002<ref name=":0" /> * Amaziga wakati weggulu n'ensi: Olugendo lwange okudda mu bulamu oba Tears Between Heaven and Earth: My way back to life mu 2007<ref name=":0" /> == Ebijuliziddwaamu == {{Reflist}} == Ewalala w'oyinza okubigya == * Kajogyoji w'ebibuuzo ne China Keitetsi, [https://web.archive.org/web/20060904061813/http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/2002/11.14/13-uganda.html Harvard Gazette] * [[:en:Amnesty_International|Ku mikutu gya yintaneeti eky'ekitongole ky'ensi yonna ekisonyiwa abantu abaasibibwa olw'ensonga z'eby'obufuzi]] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190219072547/http://www.chinakeitetsi.info/ Ku mutimbagano ga China Keitetsi] 3lvkwitkh196cvy4swt8ghggg08x20o 0 9776 66903 54729 2026-08-05T22:13:41Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected punctuations 66903 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Christine Dranzoa''' (1 Ogwoluberyeberye 1967 – 28 Ogwomukaaga 2022) yali [[:en:University_professor|Pulofeesa mu Yunivaasite]] mu ggwanga, [[:en:Academic_administration|muddukanya w'ebyensoma]], ali mu By'obutonde, [[:en:Ecologist|mukugu mu bisolo eby'okulukalu]] era nga [[:en:Community_leader|mukulembeze ku kitundu]]. Weyafiira, yali ye [[:en:Vice_Chancellor|Mukulu]] wa,<ref name="1R">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/prof-dranzoa-girl-rights-defender-passes-on-at-55-3863182</ref> [[:en:Muni_University|Muni University]], emu ku [[:en:Public_university|yunivaasite za gavumenti]] mu ggwanga.<ref>http://ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=39620</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa mu 1967, mu [[:en:Moyo_District|Disitulikiti y'eMoyo]] nga bwe yali emanyiddwa. Olwaleero ewabwe wali mu [[:en:Adjumani_District|Disitulikiti ya Adjumani]] Christine Dranzoa yafuna [[:en:Bachelor_of_Science|Diguli mu bya Saayansi]] mu [[:en:Zoology|Mbeera zeebisol]]<nowiki/>o gyeyafuna mu 1987, yagikolera ku [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Makerere University]], yunivaasite esinga obukulu the oldest university mu [[:en:East_Africa|Buvanjuba bwa Africa]]. Yfuna Diguli endala eya [[:en:Master_of_Science|Master of Science]] ([[:en:MSc|MSc]]), mu ssomo lyerimu, eno yagifuna mu 1991 era ku Makerere University. Ate yo Diguli ya [[:en:Doctor_of_Philosophy|Doctor of Philosophy]] ([[:en:PhD|PhD]]) mu Biology nayo yagifunira ku Yunivaasite yeemu mu1997. Yafuna Satifeeki ezenjawulo mu masomo ag'enjawulo omuli mu [[:en:Management|kuddukanya emirimu]], [[:en:Conservation_biology|okukuuma obutonde]] ne mu [[:en:Project_planning|Okutegeka bizinensi]] mu matendekero mu Uganda ne wabweru.<ref name="Resume">http://www.muni.ac.ug/downloads/2014/Resumes/Prof-Christine-Dranzoa-2014.pdf</ref> == Okukola kwe == Mu 1992 Christine Dranzoa yeeyunga ku [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Makerere University]] nga [[:en:Lecturer|omusomesa]] mu Ttabi lya [[:en:Veterinary_Medicine|Faculty of Veterinary Medicine]] mu Department of Wildlife and Animal Resources Management,kitundu ekikwata ku Bulamu bw'omu nsiko n'emigaso egiri mu nsolo. Yali omu ku batandisi ba [[:en:Wildlife|Wildlife and Animal Resources Department]] okuva mu 1992 okutuusa 2005 era yali mukulu. Ku ttabi eriyitibwa Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, yali omu ku baalitandika wamu ne banne. Mu 2005, yeegatta ku bukulembeze bwa Makerere university gyeyalondebwa okubeera [[:en:Director_(education)|Omumyuka W'akulira]] ekitundu ekikkwata ku beeyongerayo mu misomo mu yunivaasite era wano yakolawo okuva mu 2005 okutuusa mu 2010. Mu 2010, Dr. Dranzoa yalondebwa ku kibinja ky'abantu basatu ekyalina okutegekera okutandika [[:en:Muni_University|Muni University]], nga eno ye [[:en:Public_university|Yunivaasite ya Gavumenti]] ey'omukaaga mu Uganda. Mu Gw'oluberyeberye gwa 2012, nga yunivaasite eno etandise okukola, Professor Dranzoa yafuuka Amyuka Omukulu waayo eyasooka.<ref name="Resume" /> == Obuvunaanyizibwa obulala == Dr. Dranzoa yaweereza mu kitiibwa nga Ssabawandiisi w'ekitongole kya [[:en:Forum_for_African_Women_Educationalists|Forum for African Women Educationalists]] (FAWE). Kiddukanyizibwa bantu ba Africa era nga [[:en:Non-Governmental_Organisation|Ky'abwannayini]] nga ky'atandikibwawo mu 1992, era kikola mu nsi 32 eza African. FAWE egenderera kuwa abawala n'abakyala amanyi nga bayita mu kusoma okubawagira. KU na mmemba kuliko abalwanirizi be ddembe, abakugu mu nsonga zeekikula ky'abantu, abanoonyereza, abakozi baamabago agafuga ebyensoma, n'abakulu b'azi yunivaasite ne Minisita W'ebyensoma. Ettabi lyakyo ekkulu likyali mu [[:en:Nairobi|Nairobi]], Kenya naye nga kirina wooiisi mu mawanga agenj<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forum_for_African_Women_Educationalists</ref>awulo okugeza mu [[:en:Dakar|Dakar]] eangibwa mu Senegal. Mu 2006, yali omu ku baatandikawo ekitongole kya ''Nile Women Initiative ekitongole ky'obwa nnakyewa nga [[:en:Non-government_organization|Ky'abwannanyini]]'' ekigenderera okumalawo obuzibu obuviira ku kikula ky'abakazi mu [[:en:West_Nile_sub-region|kitundu kya Uganda ekya West Nile]]. Yaweereza nga Ssentebe w'ekitongole kino. Professor Dranzoa yafulumya ebiwandiiko bingi eby'obuyigirize era awandiise ebitundu mu bitabo bya Saayansi nga byekuusiza ku ebyo byeyakuguka mu. Ebifulumiziddwa bino byonna bisangibwa mu biwandiiko bye eby'obuyigirize. == Okufa kwe == Nga 28 Ogw'omukaaga 2022, Christine Dranzoa yassa ogwenkomerero ku ssaawa 9:30 ezeemisana ku [[:en:Mulago_National_Referral_Hospital|Dwaliro Eddene Elye Mulago]] mu Kampala. Yafa alina emyaka 55.<ref name="LastR">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/muni-university-vice-chancellor-prof-christine-dranzoa-dead-3862058</ref> == Laba na bino == * [[:en:Ugandan_university_leaders|Ugandan university leaders]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} rq5b0qmrf9bwoo08xpmbkp1cr9ugl4f 66942 66903 2026-08-06T11:55:01Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected punctuations 66942 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Christine Dranzoa''' (1 Ogwoluberyeberye 1967 – 28 Ogwomukaaga 2022) yali [[:en:University_professor|Pulofeesa mu Yunivaasite]] mu ggwanga, [[:en:Academic_administration|muddukanya w'ebyensoma]], ali mu By'obutonde, [[:en:Ecologist|mukugu mu bisolo eby'oku lukalu]] era nga [[:en:Community_leader|mukulembeze ku kitundu]]. Weyafiira, yali ye [[:en:Vice_Chancellor|Mukulu]] wa,<ref name="1R">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/prof-dranzoa-girl-rights-defender-passes-on-at-55-3863182</ref> [[:en:Muni_University|Muni University]], emu ku [[:en:Public_university|yunivaasite za gavumenti]] mu ggwanga.<ref>http://ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=39620</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa mu 1967, mu [[:en:Moyo_District|Disitulikiti y'eMoyo]] nga bwe yali emanyiddwa. Olwaleero ewabwe wali mu [[:en:Adjumani_District|Disitulikiti ya Adjumani]] Christine Dranzoa yafuna [[:en:Bachelor_of_Science|Diguli mu bya Saayansi]] mu [[:en:Zoology|Mbeera zeebisol]]<nowiki/>o gyeyafuna mu 1987, yagikolera ku [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Makerere University]], yunivaasite esinga obukulu the oldest university mu [[:en:East_Africa|Buvanjuba bwa Africa]]. Yfuna Diguli endala eya [[:en:Master_of_Science|Master of Science]] ([[:en:MSc|MSc]]), mu ssomo lyerimu, eno yagifuna mu 1991 era ku Makerere University. Ate yo Diguli ya [[:en:Doctor_of_Philosophy|Doctor of Philosophy]] ([[:en:PhD|PhD]]) mu Biology nayo yagifunira ku Yunivaasite yeemu mu1997. Yafuna Satifeeki ezenjawulo mu masomo ag'enjawulo omuli mu [[:en:Management|kuddukanya emirimu]], [[:en:Conservation_biology|okukuuma obutonde]] ne mu [[:en:Project_planning|Okutegeka bizinensi]] mu matendekero mu Uganda ne wabweru.<ref name="Resume">http://www.muni.ac.ug/downloads/2014/Resumes/Prof-Christine-Dranzoa-2014.pdf</ref> == Okukola kwe == Mu 1992 Christine Dranzoa yeeyunga ku [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Makerere University]] nga [[:en:Lecturer|omusomesa]] mu Ttabi lya [[:en:Veterinary_Medicine|Faculty of Veterinary Medicine]] mu Department of Wildlife and Animal Resources Management,kitundu ekikwata ku Bulamu bw'omu nsiko n'emigaso egiri mu nsolo. Yali omu ku batandisi ba [[:en:Wildlife|Wildlife and Animal Resources Department]] okuva mu 1992 okutuusa 2005 era yali mukulu. Ku ttabi eriyitibwa Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, yali omu ku baalitandika wamu ne banne. Mu 2005, yeegatta ku bukulembeze bwa Makerere university gyeyalondebwa okubeera [[:en:Director_(education)|Omumyuka W'akulira]] ekitundu ekikkwata ku beeyongerayo mu misomo mu yunivaasite era wano yakolawo okuva mu 2005 okutuusa mu 2010. Mu 2010, Dr. Dranzoa yalondebwa ku kibinja ky'abantu basatu ekyalina okutegekera okutandika [[:en:Muni_University|Muni University]], nga eno ye [[:en:Public_university|Yunivaasite ya Gavumenti]] ey'omukaaga mu Uganda. Mu Gw'oluberyeberye gwa 2012, nga yunivaasite eno etandise okukola, Professor Dranzoa yafuuka Amyuka Omukulu waayo eyasooka.<ref name="Resume" /> == Obuvunaanyizibwa obulala == Dr. Dranzoa yaweereza mu kitiibwa nga Ssabawandiisi w'ekitongole kya [[:en:Forum_for_African_Women_Educationalists|Forum for African Women Educationalists]] (FAWE). Kiddukanyizibwa bantu ba Africa era nga [[:en:Non-Governmental_Organisation|Ky'abwannayini]] nga ky'atandikibwawo mu 1992, era kikola mu nsi 32 eza African. FAWE egenderera kuwa abawala n'abakyala amanyi nga bayita mu kusoma okubawagira. KU na mmemba kuliko abalwanirizi be ddembe, abakugu mu nsonga zeekikula ky'abantu, abanoonyereza, abakozi baamabago agafuga ebyensoma, n'abakulu b'azi yunivaasite ne Minisita W'ebyensoma. Ettabi lyakyo ekkulu likyali mu [[:en:Nairobi|Nairobi]], Kenya naye nga kirina wooiisi mu mawanga agenj<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forum_for_African_Women_Educationalists</ref>awulo okugeza mu [[:en:Dakar|Dakar]] eangibwa mu Senegal. Mu 2006, yali omu ku baatandikawo ekitongole kya ''Nile Women Initiative ekitongole ky'obwa nnakyewa nga [[:en:Non-government_organization|Ky'abwannanyini]]'' ekigenderera okumalawo obuzibu obuviira ku kikula ky'abakazi mu [[:en:West_Nile_sub-region|kitundu kya Uganda ekya West Nile]]. Yaweereza nga Ssentebe w'ekitongole kino. Professor Dranzoa yafulumya ebiwandiiko bingi eby'obuyigirize era awandiise ebitundu mu bitabo bya Saayansi nga byekuusiza ku ebyo byeyakuguka mu. Ebifulumiziddwa bino byonna bisangibwa mu biwandiiko bye eby'obuyigirize. == Okufa kwe == Nga 28 Ogw'omukaaga 2022, Christine Dranzoa yassa ogwenkomerero ku ssaawa 9:30 ezeemisana ku [[:en:Mulago_National_Referral_Hospital|Dwaliro Eddene Elye Mulago]] mu Kampala. Yafa alina emyaka 55.<ref name="LastR">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/muni-university-vice-chancellor-prof-christine-dranzoa-dead-3862058</ref> == Laba na bino == * [[:en:Ugandan_university_leaders|Ugandan university leaders]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} 5nnm3yr5hcd9ldy0qzyvhj24usbc7u2 66943 66942 2026-08-06T11:56:33Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected punctuations 66943 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Christine Dranzoa''' (1 Ogwoluberyeberye 1967 – 28 Ogwomukaaga 2022) yali [[:en:University_professor|Pulofeesa mu Yunivaasite]] mu ggwanga, [[:en:Academic_administration|muddukanya w'ebyensoma]], ali mu By'obutonde, [[:en:Ecologist|mukugu mu bisolo eby'oku lukalu]] era nga [[:en:Community_leader|mukulembeze ku kitundu]]. Weyafiira, yali ye [[:en:Vice_Chancellor|Mukulu]] wa,<ref name="1R">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/prof-dranzoa-girl-rights-defender-passes-on-at-55-3863182</ref> [[:en:Muni_University|Muni University]], emu ku [[:en:Public_university|yunivaasite za gavumenti]] mu ggwanga.<ref>http://ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=39620</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa mu 1967, mu [[:en:Moyo_District|Disitulikiti y'e Moyo]] nga bwe yali emanyiddwa. Olwaleero ewaabwe wali mu [[:en:Adjumani_District|Disitulikiti ya Adjumani]]. Christine Dranzoa yafuna [[:en:Bachelor_of_Science|Diguli esooka mu bya Saayansi]] mu [[:en:Zoology|Mbeera zeebisol]]<nowiki/>o gye yafuna mu 1987, yagikolera ku [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Makerere University]], yunivaasite esinga obukulu the oldest university mu [[:en:East_Africa|Buvanjuba bwa Africa]]. Yfuna Diguli endala eya [[:en:Master_of_Science|Master of Science]] ([[:en:MSc|MSc]]), mu ssomo lyerimu, eno yagifuna mu 1991 era ku Makerere University. Ate yo Diguli ya [[:en:Doctor_of_Philosophy|Doctor of Philosophy]] ([[:en:PhD|PhD]]) mu Biology nayo yagifunira ku Yunivaasite yeemu mu1997. Yafuna Satifeeki ezenjawulo mu masomo ag'enjawulo omuli mu [[:en:Management|kuddukanya emirimu]], [[:en:Conservation_biology|okukuuma obutonde]] ne mu [[:en:Project_planning|Okutegeka bizinensi]] mu matendekero mu Uganda ne wabweru.<ref name="Resume">http://www.muni.ac.ug/downloads/2014/Resumes/Prof-Christine-Dranzoa-2014.pdf</ref> == Okukola kwe == Mu 1992 Christine Dranzoa yeeyunga ku [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Makerere University]] nga [[:en:Lecturer|omusomesa]] mu Ttabi lya [[:en:Veterinary_Medicine|Faculty of Veterinary Medicine]] mu Department of Wildlife and Animal Resources Management,kitundu ekikwata ku Bulamu bw'omu nsiko n'emigaso egiri mu nsolo. Yali omu ku batandisi ba [[:en:Wildlife|Wildlife and Animal Resources Department]] okuva mu 1992 okutuusa 2005 era yali mukulu. Ku ttabi eriyitibwa Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, yali omu ku baalitandika wamu ne banne. Mu 2005, yeegatta ku bukulembeze bwa Makerere university gyeyalondebwa okubeera [[:en:Director_(education)|Omumyuka W'akulira]] ekitundu ekikkwata ku beeyongerayo mu misomo mu yunivaasite era wano yakolawo okuva mu 2005 okutuusa mu 2010. Mu 2010, Dr. Dranzoa yalondebwa ku kibinja ky'abantu basatu ekyalina okutegekera okutandika [[:en:Muni_University|Muni University]], nga eno ye [[:en:Public_university|Yunivaasite ya Gavumenti]] ey'omukaaga mu Uganda. Mu Gw'oluberyeberye gwa 2012, nga yunivaasite eno etandise okukola, Professor Dranzoa yafuuka Amyuka Omukulu waayo eyasooka.<ref name="Resume" /> == Obuvunaanyizibwa obulala == Dr. Dranzoa yaweereza mu kitiibwa nga Ssabawandiisi w'ekitongole kya [[:en:Forum_for_African_Women_Educationalists|Forum for African Women Educationalists]] (FAWE). Kiddukanyizibwa bantu ba Africa era nga [[:en:Non-Governmental_Organisation|Ky'abwannayini]] nga ky'atandikibwawo mu 1992, era kikola mu nsi 32 eza African. FAWE egenderera kuwa abawala n'abakyala amanyi nga bayita mu kusoma okubawagira. KU na mmemba kuliko abalwanirizi be ddembe, abakugu mu nsonga zeekikula ky'abantu, abanoonyereza, abakozi baamabago agafuga ebyensoma, n'abakulu b'azi yunivaasite ne Minisita W'ebyensoma. Ettabi lyakyo ekkulu likyali mu [[:en:Nairobi|Nairobi]], Kenya naye nga kirina wooiisi mu mawanga agenj<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forum_for_African_Women_Educationalists</ref>awulo okugeza mu [[:en:Dakar|Dakar]] eangibwa mu Senegal. Mu 2006, yali omu ku baatandikawo ekitongole kya ''Nile Women Initiative ekitongole ky'obwa nnakyewa nga [[:en:Non-government_organization|Ky'abwannanyini]]'' ekigenderera okumalawo obuzibu obuviira ku kikula ky'abakazi mu [[:en:West_Nile_sub-region|kitundu kya Uganda ekya West Nile]]. Yaweereza nga Ssentebe w'ekitongole kino. Professor Dranzoa yafulumya ebiwandiiko bingi eby'obuyigirize era awandiise ebitundu mu bitabo bya Saayansi nga byekuusiza ku ebyo byeyakuguka mu. Ebifulumiziddwa bino byonna bisangibwa mu biwandiiko bye eby'obuyigirize. == Okufa kwe == Nga 28 Ogw'omukaaga 2022, Christine Dranzoa yassa ogwenkomerero ku ssaawa 9:30 ezeemisana ku [[:en:Mulago_National_Referral_Hospital|Dwaliro Eddene Elye Mulago]] mu Kampala. Yafa alina emyaka 55.<ref name="LastR">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/muni-university-vice-chancellor-prof-christine-dranzoa-dead-3862058</ref> == Laba na bino == * [[:en:Ugandan_university_leaders|Ugandan university leaders]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} 8c6jbneqksojg7o8afj8h9muxnri0a3 0 9785 66843 64946 2026-08-05T19:21:53Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 5 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66843 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Uganda''', mu butongole Republic of'''''Uganda, nsi etalina mwalo ku ssemayanja.''''' Lyetooloddwa<ref>[https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/uganda#:~:text=Uganda%20is%20a%20landlocked%20country,the%20eastern%20and%20western%20borders. https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/uganda#:~:text=Uganda%20is%20a%20landlocked%20country,the%20eastern%20and%20western%20borders.]</ref> mu buvanjuba bwa [[Afirika]]. Egabana ensalo ne [[Kenya]] e buvanjuba, [[South Sudan|Sudan y'Omaserengeta]] mu mambuka, [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Ripabulika ya Demokurase eya Kongo]], [[Rwanda]] mu maserengeta buvanjuba, ne [[Tanzania]] mu maserengeta. Ekitundu kya maserengeta kirimu ekitundu kinene eky'Ennyanja Nalubaale, egabanibwa ne Kenya ne Tanzania. Uganda eri mu kitundu omusangibwa amayanja amanene aga Afirika, esangibwa mu kifo omusibuka omugga Kiyira, era elina embeera y'obudde ey'enjawulo eya yikweta. Nga bwekiri mu 2024, elina abantu obukadde 49, okwo obukadde 8.5 babeera mu kibuga ekikulu era ekibuga ekinene ennyo, Kampala. Uganda erina erinnya okuva mu bwakabaka bwa Buganda, obuzingiramu ekitundu ekinene eky'ebukiikaddyo bw'eggwanga, nga mw'otwalidde n'ekibuga ekikulu Kampala<ref>https://www.ubos.org/uganda-profile/</ref> era nga olulimi lwabwe Luganda lwogerwa nnyo mu ggwanga lyonna. Okuva mu 1894, ekitundu kino kyafugibwa Bungereza, ekyatandikawo amateeka g'obufuzi mu bitundu byonna. Uganda yafuna obwetwaze okuva mu Bungereza nga 9 Okitobba 1962. Okuva olwo wabaddewo entalo nnyingi, nga mw'otwalidde n'obufuzi bwa bannamaje obwamala emyaka munaana nga bukulemberwa Idi Amin.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Buganda: Uganda's 1,000-year-old kingdom|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/buganda-ugandas-1-000-year-old-kingdom/99978|access-date=2023-03-11|website=www.aa.com.tr}}</ref> Olulimi olutongole lwe Lungereza, wadde nga Ssemateeka agamba nti "olulimi olulala lwonna luyinza okukozesebwa ng'ensomesa mu masomero oba mu bitongole ebirala eby'enjigiriza oba mu mateeka, mu by'obufuzi, oba mu misango nga bwe kiragibwa mu mateeka". Luganda, olulimi olwogerwa mu bitundu bya Buganda, lwogerwa nnyo mu bitundu bya Buganda n'ebukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba bw'eggwanga, era n'ennimi endala nnyingi nazo zoogerwa omuli Luteso, Lulango, Lucholi, Lunyoro, Lunyankole, Lukiga, Luluo, Lutooro, Lusamia, Lujopadhola, ne Lusoga. Mu 2005, olulimi Oluswayili, olwali lutwalibwa ng'olutalina kakwate konna n'olulimi olulala olw'omu Uganda, lwatongozebwa okuba olulimi olw'okubiri olukozesebwa mu Uganda, naye olulimi olwo telunnakkirizibwa mu palamenti.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theconversation.com/english-rules-in-uganda-but-local-languages-shouldnt-be-sidelined-49381|title=English rules in Uganda, but local languages shouldn't be sidelined|access-date=4 October 2022|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004181120/https://theconversation.com/english-rules-in-uganda-but-local-languages-shouldnt-be-sidelined-49381|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu 2022 Uganda yasalawo okufuula Oluswayili essomo ly'ekiragiro mu nsoma y'essomero.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/uganda-is-embracing-swahili-in-its-curriculum-after-years-of-resistance/ar-AAXsAmz|title=Uganda is embracing Swahili in its curriculum after years of resistance|website=[[MSN]]|access-date=4 October 2022|archive-date=4 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004181120/https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/uganda-is-embracing-swahili-in-its-curriculum-after-years-of-resistance/ar-AAXsAmz|url-status=live}}</ref> Pulezidenti wa Uganda kati ye Yoweri Kaguta Museveni, eyajja ku buyinza mu Jjanwali 1986 oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lwa bannalukalala olwamala emyaka mukaaga. Oluvannyuma lw'okukyusa mu ssemateeka ekyajjawo ekkomo ku bwapulezidenti, yasobola okwesimbawo n'alondebwa ku bwapulezidenti mu kulonda kwa 2011, 2016 ne 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2019/uganda|title=Uganda|date=30 January 2019|website=freedomhouse.org|access-date=22 May 2019|archive-date=29 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929074232/https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2019/uganda|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == {{main|History of Uganda}} === Uganda ey'Edda === {{main|Early history of Uganda}} Ekitundu ekinene ekya Uganda kyali kibeeramu abantu ab'omu Central Sudan ne Kuliak nga boogera ku balimi n'abasumba nga n'aboogera Olubantu tebannajja mu bukiikaddyo n'aboogera Olunyiriri lwa Nilo mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba emyaka 3,000 emabega mu 1000 BC. Omwaka gwa 1500 AD we gwatuukira, baali bayingidde mu buwangwa bw'abantu aboogera Olubantu mu bukiikaddyo bw'Olusozi Elgon, omugga Nile, n'Ennyanja Kyoga.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/183030|jstor=183030|title=We Are What We Eat: Ancient Agriculture between the Great Lakes|last1=Schoenbrun|first1=David L.|journal=The Journal of African History|year=1993|volume=34|issue=1|pages=1–31|doi=10.1017/S0021853700032989|s2cid=162660041|access-date=28 February 2022|archive-date=28 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328154318/https://www.jstor.org/stable/183030|url-status=live}}</ref> Okusinziira ku bulombolombo bw'abantu n'ebyafaayo, obwakabaka bwa Kitara bwali buzingiramu ekitundu ekikulu eky'Ennyanja Ennene, okuva mu bukiikakkono bw'ennyanja Albert ne Kyoga okutuuka mu bukiikaddyo bw'ennyanja Victoria ne Tanganyika. Bunyoro-Kitara kigambibwa nti ye yali ensibuko y'obwakabaka bwa Toro, Ankole, Buganda ne Busoga.<ref name="Mwambutsya">{{cite journal|author=Mwambutsya, Ndebesa|url=http://www.ossrea.net/eassrr/jan91/mwambuts.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080131112357/http://www.ossrea.net/eassrr/jan91/mwambuts.htm|archive-date=31 January 2008|title=Pre-capitalist Social Formation: The Case of the Banyankole of Southwestern Uganda|journal=Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review|volume=6|issue=2; 7 no. 1|date=June 1990 – January 1991|pages=78–95}}</ref> Abamu ku bantu ba Luo baalumba ekitundu ky'e Bunyoro ne beegatta ku bantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, ne batandikawo obwakabaka bwa Babiito obwa Omukama (omufuzi) wa Bunyoro-Kitara.<ref name="babito">{{cite web|url=http://www.bunyoro-kitara.com/history2.htm|title=Origins of Bunyoro-Kitara Kings|access-date=10 December 2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061210003812/http://www.bunyoro-kitara.com/history2.htm#The%20Babiito|archive-date=10 December 2006}}, bunyoro-kitara.com.</ref> Abasuubuzi Abawalabu baayingira mu nsi eyo okuva ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ekiyindi mu buvanjuba bwa Afirika mu myaka gya 1830 olw'obusuubuzi. Mu myaka gya 1860, Bunyoro mu Buganda ey'omu masekkati g'ebugwanjuba yalaba ng'atyoboolebwa okuva mu bukiikakkono aba Egypt. Okwawukana ku basuubuzi Abawalabu abaava ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'omu buvanjuba bwa Afirika, abaakolanga omulimu ogwo baali bawagira okuwamba amawanga. Mu 1869, Khedive Ismail Pasha owa Misiri, ng'anoonya okuwamba ebitundu ebisangibwa ebukiikakkono bw'ensalo z'Ennyanja Victoria n'ebuvanjuba bw'Ennyanja Albert ne "ebukiikaddyo bwa Gondokoro",<ref name="Baker 1879">{{Cite book|last=Baker|first=Samuel White|url=http://archive.org/details/ismailianarrativ00bake|title=Ismailia; a narrative of the expedition to Central Africa for the suppression of the slave trade, organized by Ismail, Khedive of Egypt|date=1879|publisher=London, Macmillan|others=Robarts - University of Toronto}}</ref> yatuma omunoonyereza Omungereza, Samuel Baker, mu kaweefube w'amagye ku nsalo z'omu bukiikakkono bwa Uganda, n'ekigendererwa eky'okumalawo okusuubula abaddu eyo n'okuggulawo ekkubo eri eby'obusuubuzi ne "obuwangwa". Bannayoro baawakanya Baker, eyalina okulwana olutalo olw'amaanyi okusobola okuwonawo. Baker yatwala okuziyiza ng'ekikolwa eky'obukuusa, era n'avumirira Bannayoro mu kitabo (Ismailia A Narrative Of The Expedition To Central Africa For The Suppression Of Slave Trade, Organized By Ismail, Khadive Of Egypt (1874)) ekyasomebwa nnyo mu Bungereza. Oluvannyuma, Abongereza baatuuka mu Uganda nga baagala nnyo okulwanyisa obwakabaka bwa Bunyoro ne beegatta ku bwakabaka bwa Buganda. Kino kyandireetedde Bunyoro okufiirwa ekitundu ky'ettaka lye, eryaweebwa Buganda ng'empeera okuva mu Bungereza. Ebitundu bibiri ku "bitundu ebyayonoonebwa" byazzibwayo e Bunyoro oluvannyuma lw'obwetwaze. Mu myaka gya 1860, nga Abawalabu banoonya obuyinza okuva mu bukiikakkono, abanoonyereza aba Bungereza nga banoonya ensulo y'omugga Nile baatuuka mu Uganda. Baagobererwa abaminsani b'Abongereza ab'omu Bungereza abaatuuka mu bwakabaka bwa Buganda mu 1877 era n'abaminsani Abakatuliki Abafalansa mu 1879. Embeera eno yaleeta okufa kwa Uganda Martyrs mu 1885 oluvannyuma lw'okukyusibwa kwa Muteesa I n'ekitundu ekinene eky'olukiiko lwe, n'okulonda mutabani we Mwanga.<ref name="Background">{{cite web|url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2963.htm|title=Background Note: Uganda|publisher=Bureau of African Affairs, United States Department of State|date=November 2008|access-date=21 January 2017|archive-date=28 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128192054/https://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2963.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Gavumenti ya Bungereza yalagira Imperial British East Africa Company (IBEAC) okukola endagaano z'obusuubuzi mu kitundu kino okuva mu 1888.<ref name="Snakes">{{Cite book|title=Two Kingdoms of Uganda: Snakes and Ladders in the Scramble for Africa|last=Pulford|first=Cedric|publisher=Ituri Publications|year=2011|location=Daventry}}</ref> Okuva mu 1886, waaliwo entalo ez'eddiini mu Buganda, okusooka wakati w'Abasiraamu n'Abakristaayo ate oluvannyuma, okuva mu 1890, wakati w'Abapolotesitante b'e Ba-Ingleza n'Abakatuliki b'e Ba-Fransa.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Arms Trade in East Africa in the Late Nineteenth Century|last=Beachey|first=R. W.|date=1962|journal=The Journal of African History|volume=3|issue=3|page=451|doi=10.1017/s0021853700003352|s2cid=162601116}}</ref> Olw'obutabanguko n'ebizibu by'eby'enfuna, IBEAC yagamba nti yali tasobola "kuyimirizaawo mulimu gwabwe" mu kitundu ekyo. Eby'obusuubuzi bya Bungereza byali byagala nnyo okukuuma ekkubo ly'obusuubuzi ery'omugga Nile, ekyaleetera gavumenti ya Bungereza okuwamba Buganda n'ebitundu ebiriraanyeewo okutonda Uganda Protectorate mu 1894.<ref name="Snakes" />{{rp|3–4}}<ref>Gordon Martel, "Cabinet politics and African partition: The Uganda debate reconsidered." ''Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History'' 13.1 (1984): 5-24.</ref> === Uganda Protectorate (1894–1962) === {{main|Uganda Protectorate}} [[File:Flag_of_the_Uganda_Protectorate.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Uganda_Protectorate.svg|thumb|Eggye lya Uganda Protectorate]] Obukuumi bwa Uganda bwali bufuzi bwa Bungereza okuva mu 1894 okutuuka mu 1962. Mu 1893, Imperial British East Africa Company yakyusa eddembe lyayo ery'okufuga ettaka eryali lizingiramu Obwakabaka bwa Buganda eri gavumenti ya Bungereza. Ekibiina kya IBEAC kyalekera awo okufuga Uganda oluvannyuma lw'entalo z'eddiini ez'omunda ezaali mu Uganda okukireetera okufiirwa.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Griffiths|first=Tudor|date=2001|title=Bishop Alfred Tucker and the Establishment of a British Protectorate in Uganda 1890-94|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/jra/31/1/article-p92_4.xml|journal=Journal of Religion in Africa|volume=31|issue=1|pages=92–114|doi=10.1163/157006601X00040|issn=0022-4200|access-date=2 January 2021|archive-date=28 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128203602/https://brill.com/view/journals/jra/31/1/article-p92_4.xml|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu 1894, Uganda Protectorate yatandikibwawo, era ettaka eryo ne libuna n'ebitundu ebirala eby'ensi ya Buganda nga bayita mu ndagaano n'obwakabaka obulala (Toro mu 1900, Ankole mu 1901, ne Bunyoro mu 1933) mu kitundu ekisangibwa mu Uganda leero.<ref>{{Cite web|last=joz|first=Jaynnielaw|date=22 March 2015|title=The Wars of Religion 1888-1892|url=https://v2040rc.wordpress.com/uganda-country-facts/education-cultural-transformation/the-wars-of-religion-1888-1892/|access-date=2 January 2021|website=DISCOVER UGANDA, TOUR UGANDA, VOLUNTEER UGANDA & SERVE UGANDA|language=en|archive-date=29 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129063759/https://v2040rc.wordpress.com/uganda-country-facts/education-cultural-transformation/the-wars-of-religion-1888-1892/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ekifo ky'obukuumi kyalimu emiganyulo egy'enjawulo eri Uganda okusinga ekifo kino bwe kyafuulibwa ekkoloni nga Kenya, Uganda bwe yasigala n'obuyinza obw'enjawulo obwandibadde butono wansi w'obufuzi bw'amakoloniya. Mu myaka gya 1890, abakozi 32,000 okuva mu Bungereza mu Buyindi baaweerezebwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika wansi w'endagaano z'abakozi okuzimba Uganda Railway. Bangi ku Bayindi abaawonawo baddayo ewaabwe, naye 6,724 baasalawo okusigala mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika oluvannyuma lw'okuzimbibwa. Oluvannyuma, abamu baafuuka abasuubuzi era ne batandika okutunda enva endiirwa n'ebintu ebirala. Okuva mu 1900 okutuuka mu 1920, obulwadde bw'endwadde y'ekizikiza obwali bucaase mu bukiikaddyo bwa Uganda, okumpi n'olubalama lw'Ennyanja Victoria, bwatta abantu abasukka mu 250,000.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Reanalyzing the 1900–1920 Sleeping Sickness Epidemic in Uganda|publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|location=US|journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases|last1=Fèvre|first1=E. M.|last2=Coleman|first2=P. G.|last3=Welburn|first3=S. C.|last4=Maudlin|first4=I.|date=April 2004|volume=10|issue=4|pages=567–573|doi=10.3201/eid1004.020626|pmid=15200843|doi-access=free}}</ref> Ssematalo ow'okubiri yakubiriza gavumenti ya Uganda okuwandiisa abaserikale 77,143 okuweereza mu King's African Rifles. Baalabiddwa nga bakola mu lutalo lwa Western Desert, olutalo lwa Abyssinian, olutalo lwa Madagascar n'olutalo lwa Burma. === Independence (1962 to 1965) === Uganda yafuna obwetwaze okuva mu Bungereza nga 9 Okitobba 1962 ne Nnaabakyala Elizabeth II nga ye mukulembeze w'eggwanga ne Nnaabakyala wa Uganda. Mu Okitobba 1963, Uganda yafuuka repabuliki naye n'eyongera okuba ekitundu kya Commonwealth. Okulonda okwasooka oluvannyuma lw'obwetwaze, okwaliwo mu 1962, kwawangulwa omukago wakati wa Uganda People's Congress (UPC) ne Kabaka Yekka (KY). UPC ne KY zaakola gavumenti esooka oluvannyuma lw'obwetwaze nga Milton Obote ye yali Ssaabaminisita omukulu, nga Kabaka wa Buganda (Kabaka) Edward Muteesa II ye yali akulira olukiiko.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=4&Itemid=3|title=History of Parliament|access-date=18 April 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100220164706/http://www.parliament.go.ug/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=4&Itemid=3|archive-date=20 February 2010}} (Website of the Parliament of Uganda)</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.buganda.com/crisis66.htm|title=Buganda Kingdom: The Uganda Crisis, 1966|publisher=Buganda.com|access-date=3 May 2010|archive-date=24 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100324164117/http://www.buganda.com/crisis66.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> === Buganda crisis (1962–1966) === {{main|Mengo Crisis}} [[File:Owen_Falls_Dam_construction.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Owen_Falls_Dam_construction.jpg|right|thumb|Okuzimba ekidiba kya Owen Falls mu Jinja]] Emyaka egyaddirira nga Uganda emaze okufuna obwetwaze gyateekebwawo enkolagana wakati wa gavumenti enkulu n'obwakabaka obusingako obunene mu Buganda. Okuviira ddala mu kiseera Bungereza lwe yatandikawo obukuumi bwa Uganda, ekibuuzo ky'engeri y'okukulembera obwakabaka obusingirayo ddala obunene mu nteekateeka y'eggwanga erimu obumu bulijjo kyali kizibu. Abakulembeze b'amasaza baali balemereddwa okuteekawo enkola eyali ekozesebwa. Kino kyayongera okwonooneka olw'endowooza Buganda gye yalina ku nkolagana ye ne gavumenti enkulu. Buganda teyagezaako kufuna buwambe wabula yalabika ng'ewulira bulungi n'entegeka eyabakakasa enkizo okusinga abantu abalala abaali mu bufuzi bwa Buganda oba embeera ey'enjawulo ng'Abongereza bavuddeyo. Kino kyeyolekera mu bulabe obwaliwo wakati w'abakulembeze b'obwakabaka bwa Bungereza ne Buganda nga tebannafuna ddembe. Mu Buganda, waaliwo enjawukana wakati w'abo abaali baagala Kabaka abeere kabaka ow'amaanyi n'abo abaali baagala okwegatta ku Uganda yonna okutonda eggwanga erya leero. Okwawukana kwavaamu okutondebwa kw'ebibiina bibiri eby'amaanyi ebyesigamiziddwa ku Buganda - Kabaka Yekka (Kabaka Yekka) KY, n'ekibiina kya Democratic Party (DP) ekyali kirina emirandira mu Kkanisa y'Abakatoliki. Obukyayi wakati w'ebibiina bino byombi bwali bwa maanyi nnyo naddala ng'okulonda okw'olubereberye okw'olukiiko oluvanyuma lw'Obukoloni kuli kumpi. Kabaka yali tayagala nnyo mukulembeze wa DP, Benedicto Kiwanuka. Ebweru wa Buganda, munnabyabufuzi omuwombeefu okuva mu bukiikakkono bwa Uganda, Milton Obote, yali akoze omukago gwa bannabyabufuzi abataali Bannayuganda okuzimba Uganda People's Congress (UPC). UPC mu mutima gwayo yali efugibwa bannabyabufuzi abaali baagala okutereeza kye baalaba ng'obutaba na bwenkanya mu bitundu ebyaleetera Buganda okuba n'enkizo ey'enjawulo. Kino kyasikiriza abantu bangi okuva ebweru wa Buganda. Kyokka, ekibiina kyasigala nga kikwatagana bulungi, naye Obote yalaga obumanyirivu obw'ekitalo mu kukkaanya ku nsonga emu nga yeesigama ku nkola ya federo.<ref name="Kasozi">{{cite book|last1=Kasozi|first1=A. B. K.|title=The social origins of violence in Uganda, 1964–1985|url=https://archive.org/details/socialoriginsofv0000kaso|date=1994|publisher=McGill-Queens's University Press|location=Montreal|isbn=9780773512184}}</ref> [[File:Uganda_Printers_Kampala_1950s.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Uganda_Printers_Kampala_1950s.jpg|left|thumb|Ekizimbe eky'omu Uganda ekikuba ebitabo ku Kampala Road, Kampala, Uganda]] Mu kiseera ky'obwetwaze, ekibuuzo kya Buganda kyali tekinnagonjoolwa. Uganda y'emu ku bitundu by'amakoloniya ebitono ebyafuna obwetwaze nga tebirina kibiina kyabufuzi ekirina obuyinza bungi mu palamenti. Mu kulonda okwaliwo ng'obwetwaze tebunnabaawo, UPC teyafulumya muntu yenna mu Buganda era yawangula ebifo 37 ku 61 ebyalondebwa butereevu (ebweru wa Buganda). DP yawangula ebifo 24 ebweru wa Buganda. "Ekifo eky'enjawulo" ekyaweebwa Buganda kyali kitegeeza nti ebifo bya Buganda 21 byalondebwa mu ngeri ya proportional representation ekikwatagana n'okulonda palamenti ya Buganda ′′ Lukikko. KY yawangula DP, n'efuna ebifo byonna 21. UPC yatuuka ku ntikko ku nkomerero ya 1964 omukulembeze wa DP mu palamenti, Basil Kiiza Bataringaya, bwe yasomoka olukiiko lwa palamenti n'abakiise abalala bataano, DP n'eba n'ebifo mwenda byokka. Abakiise ba DP tebaali basanyufu nti obukyayi bwa mukulembeze waabwe, Benedicto Kiwanuka, eri Kabaka bwali bulemesa omukisa gwabwe ogw'okukolagana ne KY.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bade|first1=Albert|title=Benedicto Kiwanuka : the man and his politics|date=1996|publisher=Fountain Publ.|location=Kampala|isbn=978-9970020089}}</ref> Okuvunda kw'abavudde mu kibiina kwafuuka amataba ng'ab'ekibiina kya KY 10 basazeewo okudda mu kibiina bwe baakiraba nti omukago n'ekibiina kya UPC tegukyasobola. Emboozi za Obote ez'ekitiibwa mu ggwanga lyonna zaali zimuluma nnyo, era UPC yali efuna obuwanguzi kumpi mu kulonda kwonna okw'ebitundu era n'eyongerako obuyinza ku bukiiko bwonna obw'ebitundu n'abateesa ebweru wa Buganda. Kabaka yayanukula mu kasirise - oboolyawo nga musanyufu olw'ekifo kye eky'omukolo n'akabonero ke yalina mu kitundu kye. Kyokka, waaliwo n'enjawukana ez'amaanyi mu lubiri lwe ezaamuzibuwalira okulwanyisa Obote. Mu kiseera Uganda we yafuukira eddembe, Buganda "yali nnyumba eyawuddemu amaanyi mu by'obufuzi n'eby'enfuna". Ab'ekibiina ekyo bwe beeyongera obungi, abantu ab'amawanga ag'enjawulo, ab'eddiini ez'enjawulo, n'ab'amawanga ag'enjawulo baatandika okukyusa endowooza yaabwe. Amaanyi g'ekibiina gaakendeera olw'obutakkaanya obwaliwo wakati w'ebibiina by'obufuzi mu bitundu byayo. Era mu 1966, UPC yali etandise okwekutula. Enkaayana zeeyongedde olw'abappya abaayita mu Palamenti okuva mu DP ne KY. Abakiise ba UPC baatuuka e Gulu mu 1964 ku lukuŋŋaana lw'abakiise. Kuno kwe kwalaga engeri Obote gye yali afiiriddwa obuyinza ku kibiina kye. Olutalo olw'okufuna Ssaabawandiisi w'ekibiina lwali lutalo lwa maanyi wakati w'omulwanyi omuggya ow'ekika ekya'moderate' Grace Ibingira ne John Kakonge. Ibingira oluvannyuma yafuuka akabonero k'okuziyiza Obote mu UPC. Kino kintu kikulu nnyo nga twetegereza ebyaliwo oluvannyuma ebyatuusa ku buzibu wakati wa Buganda ne gavumenti ya Buganda. Eri abo abataali mu UPC (nga mw'otwalidde n'abawagizi ba KY), kino kyali kabonero akalaga nti Obote yali mu kabi. Abalabirizi abanyiikivu baakiraba nti UPC teyali kibinja kimu. Okusaanawo kw'omukago gwa UPC-KY kwalaga obutasiima Obote n'abalala bwe baalina ku "kifo eky'enjawulo" ekya Buganda. Mu 1964, gavumenti yayanukula okusaba kw'ebitundu ebimu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Buganda nti tebyali bantu ba Kabaka. Ng'obwakabaka bwa Buganda tebunnaba kufuga Buganda, obwakabaka bwa Bunyoro obwali buliraanyeewo bwali buwangudde Buganda. Buganda yali efunye ebitundu bya Bunyoro era abakoloni ba Bungereza baali bagikakasizza mu ndagaano za Buganda. Abantu b'omu bitundu ebyo baali baagala okudda mu Bunyoro. Obote yasalawo okukkirizza olukiiko, ekyasunguwaza Kabaka n'abantu abasinga mu Buganda. Abatuuze b'amasaza baasemba okudda e Bunyoro wadde Kabaka yagezaako okukyusa akalulu. Oluvannyuma lw'okufiirwa palamenti, KY yaziyiza etteeka ly'okusindika amasaza mu Bunyoro, bwe kityo n'akomya omukago ne UPC. Engeri y'ekika mu byabufuzi bya Uganda nayo yali yeeyoleka mu gavumenti. UPC eyali edda ekibiina ky'eggwanga yatandika okusaanawo ng'ebika bwe byavaako Ibingira okuvuganya Obote mu UPC. Enjawukana eyali wakati w'abantu b'omu bukiikakkono n'ab'omu bukiikaddyo, eyali yeeyolekera mu by'enfuna ne mu mbeera z'abantu, kati yali yeeyongedde nnyo mu bya bufuzi. Obote yeetoolodde bannabyabufuzi abasinga obungi ab'omu bukiikakkono. A. Neykon, Felix Onama, Alex Ojera nga n'abawagizi ba Ibingira oluvannyuma abaakwatibwa ne basibibwa naye, baali basinga kuva mu bukiikaddyo bwa South  George Magezi, B. Kirya, Matthias Ngobi. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ebibiina by'abantu ebyo byombi byafuna amannya ag'ebika ′′ "Bantu" (ekitundu ekisinga okuba eky'ebukiikaddyo ekya Ibingira) ne "Nilotic" (ekitundu ekisinga okuba eky'ebukiikaddyo ekya Obote). Endowooza nti gavumenti yali mu lutalo n'Ababantu yeeyongedde bwe Obote yakwata era n'asiba mu kkomera baminisita ba Bantu abaali bawagira Ibingira.<ref name="Otunnu">{{cite book|last1=Otunnu|first1=Ogenga|title=Crisis of Legitimacy and Political Violence in Uganda, 1890 to 1979|date=2016|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|location=London|isbn=978-3319331553}}</ref> [[File:SA18157-Crowned_Crane_-_Żuraw_Królewski.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SA18157-Crowned_Crane_-_%C5%BBuraw_Kr%C3%B3lewski.jpg|alt=|thumb|Ngaali : Kano kekabonero akakulu ak'eggwanga Uganda era nga erabikira ne mu bbendera ya Uganda]] Ebiwandiiko bino byaleeta ebintu bibiri eby'amaanyi. Ekisooka Buganda abantu b'omu Buganda Bantu era nga bwe kiri, beegasse ku kibiina kya Ibingira. Ekibinja kya Ibingira kyayongera mu maaso omukago guno nga bavunaana Obote nti ayagala okugoba Kabaka.<ref name="Otunnu" /> TKati tuli ku ludda lw'abawakanya Obote. Eky'okubiri, ab'ebyokwerinda, ab'obwakabaka bwa Bungereza baali basoloozezza amagye ne poliisi okuva mu bukiikakkono bwa Uganda olw'okuba baali balowooza nti basobola okukola emirimu gino. Mu kiseera ky'obwetwaze, amagye n' poliisi byafugibwa ebika by'omu bukiikakkono    nga ebisinga bya Nilotic. Kati bandibadde bawulira nga beeyongedde okunywerera ku Obote, era yakozesa omukisa guno okunyweza obuyinza bwe. Mu Apuli 1966, Obote yawaayo abasirikale abappya 800 e Moroto, nga 70 ku buli kikumi baava mu Northern Region.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kasozi|title=The social origins of violence in Uganda, 1964–1985|url=https://archive.org/details/socialoriginsofv0000kaso|date=1994|page=[https://archive.org/details/socialoriginsofv0000kaso/page/83 83]}}</ref> Mu kiseera ekyo waaliwo endowooza nti gavumenti n'abakuumi b'ebyokwerinda baakulemberwa "abantu b'omu bukiikakkono" naddala Abacholi abaalina obuyinza bungi mu gavumenti ku mutindo gwa UPC. Mu bukiikakkono bwa Uganda waaliwo n'enneewulira ez'enjawulo ez'okuziyiza Buganda, naddala ku bikwata ku "kifo eky'enjawulo" eky'obwakabaka ng'obwetwaze tebunnabaawo n'oluvannyuma lw'obwetwaze, n'emiganyulo gyonna egy'eby'enfuna n'embeera y'abantu eyajja n'ekifo kino. "Obote yaleeta abantu abangi ab'omu bukiikakkono mu ssaza ekkulu, nga bayita mu buweereza bwa gavumenti n'amagye, era n'atandikawo enkola y'okukuuma abantu mu bukiikakkono bwa Uganda". Kyokka, ebiwandiiko bya "Bantu" ne "Nilotic" byombi biraga obutali bumu. Ng'ekyokulabirako, ekika kya Bantu kizingiramu Buganda ne Bunyoro, ab'empaka ez'amaanyi. Ekika ky'abantu b'omu Nilo omuli abantu b'omu Lugbara, Acholi, ne Langi, bonna balina obukuubagano obw'amaanyi obwayamba mu by'obufuzi bya Uganda. Newankubadde nga waliwo obuzibu buno, ebintu bino byaleetawo enjawukana mu by'obufuzi wakati w'ebitundu by'omu bukiikakkono n'ebukiikaddyo nga tebamanyi era nga kino kikyalina kinene kye kikola ku by'obufuzi bya Uganda. Okutemagana kwa UPC kweyongera nga abalabe balaba obunafu bwa Obote. Ku mutindo gw'ebitundu UPC gye yali efugidde amakanisa agasinga obutasanyuka kwatandika okulemesa abakulembeze b'akakiiko. Ne mu disitulikiti Obote gye yakulira, baagezaako okugoba omukulembeze w'akakiiko k'essaza mu 1966. Ekirala ekyeeraliikiriza UPC kwe kuba nti okulonda okw'eggwanga okuddako kwali kujjawo mu 1967 era awatali buyambi bwa KY (abalina okuwagira DP), era n'okweyongera kw'ebibiina mu UPC, waaliwo akawuka nti UPC yandibadde ewedde obuyinza mu myezi mitono. Obote yalumba KY n'etteeka lya palamenti eriggya ku ntandikwa ya 1966 eryaziyiza KY okugezaako okubuna ebweru wa Buganda. KY yalabise ng'addamu mu palamenti ng'ayitira mu omu ku babaka be abaasigalawo, Daudi Ochieng omulwadde ennyo. Ochieng yali wa njawulo nnyo wadde nga yali ava mu bukiikakkono bwa Uganda, yali ayingidde waggulu mu KY era yafuuka mukwano gwa Kabaka eyamuwa ettaka mu Buganda. Mu kiseera Obote we yali tali mu Palamenti, Ochieng yayanika obubbi obw'amasavu n'ezaabu okuva e Congo obwali bukoleddwa omuduumizi w'amagye ga Obote, Colonel Idi Amin. Era yagambye nti Obote, Onama ne Neykon bonna baaganyulwa mu nteekateeka eno.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Somerville|first1=Keith|title=Ivory: Power and Poaching in Africa|url=https://archive.org/details/ivorypowerpoachi0000some|date=2017|publisher=Hurst|location=London|isbn=9781849046763}}</ref> Palamenti yakkiriziganya n'okusalawo okukangavvula Amin n'okunoonyereza ku Obote. Kino kyayisa bubi gavumenti era ne kireetawo obuzibu mu ggwanga. KY era yalaga obusobozi bwe obw'okulwanyisa Obote okuva munda mu kibiina kye mu lukuŋŋaana lwa UPC Buganda gye yafulumya Godfrey Binaisa (omuwaabi w'amateeka) ng'ali mu kibiina ekikkirizibwa okuba nga kiwagirwa KY, Ibingira n'abantu abalala abawakanya Obote mu Buganda. Okwanukula kwa Obote kwe kukwata Ibingira ne baminisita abalala mu lukiiko lwa kabineeti era n'afuna obuyinza obw'enjawulo mu February 1966. Mu Maaki 1966, Obote era yalangirira nti ofiisi za Pulezidenti ne Ssaabaminisita zaali ziweddewo - n'asindika Kabaka. Obote era yawa Amin obuyinza obusingawo n'amuwa ekifo ky'omuduumizi w'amagye okusinga oyo eyasooka (Opolot) eyalina enkolagana ne Buganda okuyita mu bufumbo (kyoka nga yeesiga nti Opolot yandibadde tayagala kukola bya bujaasi ku Kabaka singa kino kyabaawo). Obote yaggyawo ssemateeka era n'ayimiriza okulonda okwaliwo mu myezi mitono. Obote yagenze ku ttivi ne ku leediyo n'avunaana Kabaka emisango egy'enjawulo omuli okusaba amagye g'ebweru agalabika okuba nga Kabaka yaganoonyerezaako oluvannyuma lw'obulimba nti Amin yali ateekateeka okuwamba gavumenti. Obote yeeyongedde okuggyawo obuyinza bwa Kabaka ng'alangirira, wakati mu bikolwa ebirala: * Okuggyawo obukiiko bw'obuweereza bw'eggwanga obw'obwereere mu bitongole bya federo. Kino kyaggyawo obuyinza bwa Kabaka okulonda abakozi ba gavumenti mu Buganda. * Okuggyawo kkooti enkulu ey'e Buganda nga kiggyawo obuyinza bwonna Kabaka bwe yalina. * Okuteeka Buganda mu bufuzi obw'ebyensimbi wansi w'okufuga okw'amaanyi. * Okuggyawo ettaka ly'abakulembeze ba Buganda. Ettaka y'emu ku nsibuko y'obuyinza Kabaka bw'alina ku bantu be. Empaka kati zaali zitegekeddwawo wakati wa Buganda ne gavumenti ya Buganda. Bannabyafaayo bayinza okwebuuza obanga kino kyali kisobola okwewalibwa okuyitira mu kukkaanya. Kino tekyali kyangu kubanga Obote kati yali awulira nga wa maanyi era ng'alaba Kabaka ng'omunafu. Mazima ddala, Kabaka bwe yakkiriza obukulembeze emyaka ena emabega n'awagira UPC, yagabanyizza abantu be era n'atandika okuwagira omu ku bo. Mu bitongole bya Buganda eby'obufuzi, obuzibu obuva mu ddiini n'okwegomba kw'omuntu byasobozesa ebitongole ebyo obutaba na mugaso era nga tebisobola kuddamu gavumenti. Kabaka yatwalibwanga ng'atafaayo era nga tawuliriza kubuulirira okuva mu bannabyabufuzi abato aba Buganda abaali bategeera bulungi ebyobufuzi ebipya ebyaddirira obwetwaze, obutafaananako bannakatemba abaali batayagala ebyo ebyali bigenda mu maaso kasita emiganyulo gyabwe egy'obuwangwa gyali gikyaliwo. Kabaka yali ayagala nnyo bannakyemalira.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kasozi|title=The social origins of violence in Uganda, 1964–1985|url=https://archive.org/details/socialoriginsofv0000kaso|date=1994|page=[https://archive.org/details/socialoriginsofv0000kaso/page/64 64]}}</ref> Mu Maayi 1966, Kabaka yakola enteekateeka. Yasaba obuyambi okuva ebweru, era palamenti ya Buganda n'eyagala gavumenti ya Uganda eva mu Buganda (nga mw'otwalidde n'ekibuga ekikulu, Kampala). Ng'addamu, Obote yalagira Idi Amin okulumba ekibuga kya Kabaka. Olutalo olw'okuwamba ekibuga kya Kabaka lwali lukambwe nnyo ∙ abakuumi ba Kabaka baayoleka obuvumu bungi okusinga bwe baali basuubira. Aba Bungereza baatendeka Captain Kabaka n'abasajja nga 120 ne bakuuma Idi Amin okumala essaawa 12.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kasozi|title=The social origins of violence in Uganda, 1964–1985|url=https://archive.org/details/socialoriginsofv0000kaso|date=1994|page=[https://archive.org/details/socialoriginsofv0000kaso/page/85 85]}}</ref> Kigambibwa nti abantu nga 2,000 baafiira mu lutalo olwo olwakomekkerezebwa amagye bwe gaakozesa eby'okulwanyisa eby'amaanyi ne gawamba olubiri. Obutemu obwali bulindiriddwa mu byalo mu Buganda tebwaliwo era oluvannyuma lw'essaawa ntono Obote eyali omuyimbi yasisinkana bannamawulire okusanyukira obuwanguzi bwe. Kabaka yadduka ng'ayita mu bbugwe w'olubiri n'atwalibwa mu buwaŋŋanguse e London abawagizi be. Yafiira eyo nga wayise emyaka esatu. === 1966–1971 (before the coup) === Mu 1966, oluvannyuma lw'okulwanagana ku buyinza wakati wa gavumenti eya Obote ne Kabaka Muteesa, Obote yayimiriza ssemateeka n'aggyawo pulezidenti n'omumyuka we. Mu 1967, ssemateeka omuggya yalangirira Uganda ng'eggwanga era n'aggyawo obwakabaka obw'edda. Obote yalangirirwa nga pulezidenti.<ref name="Background" /> === 1971 (after the coup) –1979 (end of Amin regime) === {{Main|History of Uganda (1971–79)}} Oluvannyuma lw'okulwanagana n'amagye nga January 25, 1971, Obote yagobwa ku buyinza era General Idi Amin n'atwala obuyinza mu ggwanga. Amin yafuga Uganda ng'omufuzi wa bufuzi obw'obukambwe ng'ayambibwako amagye okumala emyaka munaana egyaddirira. Yatta abantu bangi mu ggwanga okusobola okukuuma obufuzi bwe. Kigambibwa nti Bannayuganda 500,000 bafiiridde mu bufuzi bwe. Ng'oggyeko ebikolwa bye eby'obukambwe, yaggyawo n'amaanyi bannayuganda okuva mu Uganda.<ref>[http://www.theage.com.au/news/business/uk-indians-taking-care-of-business/2006/03/07/1141701511987.html "UK Indians taking care of business"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119151852/http://www.theage.com.au/news/business/uk-indians-taking-care-of-business/2006/03/07/1141701511987.html|date=19 January 2018}}, ''The Age'' (8 March 2006). Retrieved 24 March 2013.</ref>Mu June 1976, bannalukalala ba Palesitayini bawamba ennyonyi ya Air France ne bagikaka okugwa ku kisaawe ky'ennyonyi Entebbe. Abantu 100 ku abo 250 abaali ku mmeeri eyo baasibibwa okutuusa abasirikale ba Isiraeri lwe baabalokola oluvannyuma lw'ennaku kkumi. Obufuzi bwa Amin bwakomekkerezebwa oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lwa Uganda-Tanzania mu 1979, ng'amagye ga Tanzania nga gayambibwako Bannayuganda abaali mu buwaŋŋanguse gaayingira Uganda. === 1979–present === {{Main|History of Uganda (1979–present)}} [[File:Second_Congo_War_Africa_map_en.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Second_Congo_War_Africa_map_en.svg|thumb|Abalwanyi mu lutalo lwa Congo olw'okubiri. Nga 19 December, 2005, kkooti y'ensi yonna yasalawo nti Uganda, mu musango ogwatwalibwa DRC, yali eyingidde mu nsi yaayo mu bukyamu era ng'eyonoonye eddembe ly'obuntu.<ref>"[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/dec/20/congo.uganda Court orders Uganda to pay Congo damages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102143450/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/dec/20/congo.uganda|date=2 January 2021}}". ''[[The Guardian]]''. 20 December 2005</ref>]] Yoweri Museveni abadde pulezidenti okuva amagye ge lwe gaamenya gavumenti eyaliko mu January 1986. Ebibiina by'obufuzi mu Uganda byawerebwa mu mirimu gyabyo okuva mu mwaka ogwo, nga kino kyali kigendererwa okukendeeza ku bikolwa eby'ettemu. Mu nteekateeka ya "Movement" eyateekebwawo Museveni, ebibiina by'obufuzi byeyongera okubeerawo, naye byasobola okukola ofiisi y'ekitebe kyokka. Tebaasobola kuggulawo matabi, kukuŋŋaana, oba kulonda bantu butereevu (wadde abalonzi b'ebyokulonda baali basobola okuba ab'ebibiina by'obufuzi). Olukiiko lw'abantu olwakola ku ssemateeka lwaggyawo ekiragiro kino eky'emyaka 19 eky'obufuzi obw'ebibiina bingi mu Jjulaayi 2005. Mu 1993, Ppaapa John Paul II yakyalira Uganda mu lugendo lwe olw'ennaku 6 okukubiriza Bannayuganda okunoonya okutabagana. Mu mikolo gy'abantu abangi, yawa ekitiibwa abakristu abaafiira okukkiriza kwabwe. Mu makkati g'emyaka gya 1990, Museveni yatenderezebwa amawanga g'ebugwanjuba ng'omu ku bakulembeze b'omu Afirika ab'omulembe omuggya. Kyokka, obukulembeze bwe bwonoonese olw'okulumba n'okuwamba Democratic Republic of Congo mu kiseera kya Ssematalo ow'okubiri owa Congo, ekyaleetawo abantu nga obukadde 5.4 okufa okuva mu 1998, era n'okwenyigira mu ntalo endala mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Ennene mu Afirika. Alwanye okumala emyaka mingi mu lutalo lwa bannayuganda n'eggye lya Lord's Resistance Army, eririna omusango gw'ebikolwa eby'obumenyi bw'amateeka bingi, nga mw'otwalidde n'obuddu bw'abaana, ettemu ly'Atiak, n'ettemu eddala. Entalo eziri mu bukiikakkono bwa Uganda ziviiriddeko enkumi n'enkumi z'abantu okufa era n'obukadde n'obukadde okusengulwa. Palamenti yakomya ekkomo ku biseera bya Pulezidenti mu 2005, nga kigambibwa nti Museveni yakozesa ensimbi za gavumenti okusasula doola z'Amerika 2,000 buli mubaka eyawagira ekiteeso ekyo. Okulonda kwa Pulezidenti kwaliwo mu February 2006. Museveni yalwana n'abeesimbyewo abawerako, omukulu ku bo ye Kizza Besigye. Nga February 20, 2011, akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu Uganda kaalangirira Pulezidenti Yoweri Kaguta Museveni ng'omulwanyi awangudde akalulu ka 2011. Kyokka, abawakanya gavumenti tebaali bamativu n'ebivudde mu kulonda kuno, nga babavumirira nga bagamba nti bya bulimba. Okusinziira ku byavudde mu kulonda, Museveni awangudde n'ebitundu 68 ku buli 100 by'abalonzi. Kino kyasinga omuyigganya we Besigye, eyali omusawo wa Museveni era n'agamba bannamawulire nti ye n'abawagizi be "beemulugunya ddala" ku byavudde mu kulonda era n'obufuzi bwa Museveni oba omuntu yenna gw'ayinza okulonda. Besigye yayongeddeko nti okulonda okwabadde kutegekeddwa kujja kuleetawo obukulembeze obutali butuukirivu era nti kiri eri Bannayuganda okunoonyereza ku kino. Ekitongole kya European Union eky'okwetegereza okulonda kyaleeta alipoota ku kulongoosa n'obunafu mu nkola y'okulonda mu Uganda: "Kaweefube w'okulonda n'olunaku lw'okulonda byakolebwa mu mirembe. Kyokka, enkola y'ebyokulonda yakosebwa obutali bwenkanya mu by'obufuzi n'eby'obugagga obwali busobola okuziyizibwa ne kireetera abantu bangi mu Uganda okufiirwa eddembe lyabwe ery'okwesalirawo". Okuva mu Agusito 2012, ekibiina kya Anonymous ekirwanirira eddembe ly'obuntu kibadde kyekalakaasa abakungu ba Uganda era nga kikweka ku mikutu gya Gavumenti olw'ebiteeso byayo ebikontana n'obwenzi. Ab'ensi ezimu abagaba ensimbi baatiisatiisa okukomya obuyambi bw'ensimbi eri eggwanga singa ebbago erirwanyisa abalyi b'ebisiyaga likyagenda mu maaso.<ref>Roberts, Scott (14 November 2012) [http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2012/11/14/pressure-on-uganda-builds-over-anti-gay-law/ Pressure on Uganda builds over anti-gay law] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121115234405/http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2012/11/14/pressure-on-uganda-builds-over-anti-gay-law/|date=15 November 2012}}. pinknews.co.uk</ref> Ebintu ebiraga nti mutabani wa Pulezidenti, Muhoozi Kainerugaba, y'agenda okudda mu bigere bya Pulezidenti, byongedde okutabangula embeera. Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni akulembedde eggwanga okuva mu 1986 era yasembayo okulondebwa mu kalulu ka pulezidenti aka January 2021. Okusinziira ku byavudde mu kulonda, Museveni awangudde akalulu nga yafunye ebitundu 58 ku buli kikumi, ate Bobi Wine eyafuuka munnabyabufuzi yafuna ebitundu 35 ku buli kikumi. Ab'oludda oluvuganya beebuuza ku buwanguzi olw'okuvunaanibwa obukumpanya n'obutali butuukirivu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/uganda-election-bobi-wine-challenges-result-in-court/a-56405583|title=Uganda election: Bobi Wine challenges result in court &#124; DW &#124; 01.02.2021|website=Deutsche Welle|access-date=12 March 2021|archive-date=1 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301143714/https://www.dw.com/en/uganda-election-bobi-wine-challenges-result-in-court/a-56405583|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55675887|title=Uganda elections 2021: Museveni takes lead as Bobi Wine cries foul|work=BBC News|date=16 January 2021|access-date=12 March 2021|archive-date=10 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310035143/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-55675887|url-status=live}}</ref>Omuvuganya omulala yali John Katumba ow'emyaka 24.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Independent|first1=The|title=Presidential candidate John Katumba publishes his memoir|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/presidential-candidate-john-katumba-publishes-his-memoir/|website=The Independent Uganda|date=9 January 2021|access-date=12 April 2022|archive-date=1 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701070601/https://www.independent.co.ug/presidential-candidate-john-katumba-publishes-his-memoir/|url-status=live}}</ref> == Ekifo Uganda gy'eri == {{Main|Geography of Uganda}} Uganda esangibwa mu bukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba bwa Afirika wakati wa 1o S ne 4o N obuwanvu, era wakati wa 30o E ne 35o E obuwanvu. Ensi yaayo ya njawulo nnyo, era erimu ensozi, ennyanja, n'ensozi. Ensi eno eri ku ffuuti 900 waggulu w'ennyanja. Ensozi ziri ku nsalo za Uganda ez'ebuvanjuba n'ez'ebugwanjuba. Olusozi Ruwenzori lwe lusingayo obuwanvu mu Uganda. === Ennyanja n'emigga === Ekitundu ekisinga obunene eky'ebukiikaddyo bw'eggwanga lino kirimu n'eriba erisinga obunene mu nsi yonna eriyitibwa Victoria, eririmu ebizinga bingi. Ebibuga ebisinga obukulu biri mu bukiikaddyo, okumpi n'eriba lino, omuli ekibuga ekikulu Kampala n'ekibuga Entebbe ekiri okumpi. Ennyanja Kyoga eri mu masekkati g'eggwanga era yeetooloddwa ebitundu eby'ebinyeebwa.<ref>{{Britannica|325970}}</ref> Wadde nga Uganda teri na nnyanja, erimu ennyanja nnyingi. Ng'oggyeko amazzi ga Victoria ne Kyoga, waliwo n'amazzi ga Albert, Lake Edward, ne Lake George. Ekitundu kino kisangibwa kumpi mu mazzi ga mugga Kiyira. Omugga Victorian Nile guva mu nnyanja ya Victoria ne gusigala mu nnyanja ya Kyoga n'oluvannyuma mu nnyanja ya Albert ku nsalo ya Congo. Oluvannyuma lugenda ebukiikakkono mu South Sudan. Ekitundu ekimu ekiri mu buvanjuba bwa Uganda kiriko omugga Suam oguyita mu mazzi. Ekitundu eky'ebukiikakkono bw'obuvanjuba bwa Uganda kifuluma ne kiyingira mu kiwonvu ekiyitibwa Lotikipi, ekisangibwa mu Kenya.<ref name="DataBasin">{{cite web|url=http://databasin.org/maps/new#datasets=878c064ec5d8440493f9924f90b58af1|title=Maps|website=Data Basin|access-date=14 September 2015|archive-date=6 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906155539/http://databasin.org/maps/new#datasets=878c064ec5d8440493f9924f90b58af1|url-status=live}}</ref> === Ebintu eby'enjawulo ebiramu n'okukuuma ebiramu === {{Main|Conservation in Uganda}} [[File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_UGA_present.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_UGA_present.svg|thumb|Uganda map of Köppen climate classification.]] Uganda erina ebifo 60 ebikuumibwa, omuli ebifo bya ggwanga kkumi: Bwindi Impenetrable National Park ne Rwenzori Mountains National Park (byonna ebiri ku UNESCO World Heritage Sites), Kibale National Park, Kidepo Valley National Park, Lake Mburo National Park, Mgahinga Gorilla National Park, Mount Elgon National Park, Murchison Falls National Park, Queen Elizabeth National Park, ne Semuliki National Park. Uganda erimu ebika by'ebisolo bingi, nga mw'otwalidde n'ebisolo ebiyitibwa mountain gorillas mu Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, ebiyitibwa gorillas ne golden monkeys mu Mgahinga Gorilla National Park, n'ebisolo ebiyitibwa hippos mu Murchison Falls National Park. Enva endiirwa nazo zisangibwa mu nsi yonna. Eggwanga lino lyali lifunye omuwendo gwa Forest Landscape Integrity Index ogwa 2019 oguli wakati wa 4.36/10, ne libeera mu kifo 128 mu nsi 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal|last1=Grantham|first1=H. S.|last2=Duncan|first2=A.|last3=Evans|first3=T. D.|last4=Jones|first4=K. R.|last5=Beyer|first5=H. L.|last6=Schuster|first6=R.|last7=Walston|first7=J.|last8=Ray|first8=J. C.|last9=Robinson|first9=J. G.|last10=Callow|first10=M.|last11=Clements|first11=T.|last12=Costa|first12=H. M.|last13=DeGemmis|first13=A.|last14=Elsen|first14=P. R.|last15=Ervin|first15=J.|last16=Franco|first16=P.|last17=Goldman|first17=E.|last18=Goetz|first18=S.|last19=Hansen|first19=A.|last20=Hofsvang|first20=E.|last21=Jantz|first21=P.|last22=Jupiter|first22=S.|last23=Kang|first23=A.|last24=Langhammer|first24=P.|last25=Laurance|first25=W. F.|last26=Lieberman|first26=S.|last27=Linkie|first27=M.|last28=Malhi|first28=Y.|last29=Maxwell|first29=S.|last30=Mendez|first30=M.|last31=Mittermeier|first31=R.|last32=Murray|first32=N. J.|last33=Possingham|first33=H.|last34=Radachowsky|first34=J.|last35=Saatchi|first35=S.|last36=Samper|first36=C.|last37=Silverman|first37=J.|last38=Shapiro|first38=A.|last39=Strassburg|first39=B.|last40=Stevens|first40=T.|last41=Stokes|first41=E.|last42=Taylor|first42=R.|last43=Tear|first43=T.|last44=Tizard|first44=R.|last45=Venter|first45=O.|last46=Visconti|first46=P.|last47=Wang|first47=S.|last48=Watson|first48=J. E. M.|display-authors=1|title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity - Supplementary Material|journal=Nature Communications|volume=11|issue=1|year=2020|page=5978|issn=2041-1723|doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3|pmid=33293507|pmc=7723057|bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G|doi-access=free}}</ref> == Gavumenti ne byabufuzi == {{unreferenced section|date=March 2017}} {{Main|Politics of Uganda}} Pulezidenti wa Uganda ye mukulembeze w'eggwanga era nga mukulembeze wa gavumenti. Pulezidenti alonda omumyuka wa pulezidenti ne katikkiro okumuyamba mu bufuzi. Palamenti efumbibwa olukiiko lw'eggwanga oluliko abakiise 449. Bano kuliko abakiikirira ebifo 290 ebyokulonda, abakiikirira abakyala 116 ab'ebitundu, abakiikirira 10 ab'Ekibinja kya Uganda People's Defense Forces, abakiikirira abavubuka 5, abakiikirira abakozi 5, abakiikirira abantu abaliko obulemu 5, n'abakiikirira abakiikirira abakazi 18 ab'omu ofiisi..<ref>{{Cite web|title=About Uganda {{!}} State House Uganda|url=https://www.statehouse.go.ug/about-uganda|access-date=19 June 2022|website=www.statehouse.go.ug|archive-date=18 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618075533/https://statehouse.go.ug/about-uganda|url-status=live}}</ref> === Foreign relations === {{Further|Foreign relations of Uganda|}} Uganda y'emu ku mawanga agali mu East African Community (EAC), wamu ne Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, ne South Sudan. Okusinziira ku ndagaano ya East African Common Market eya 2010, eby'obusuubuzi n'okutambuza abantu mu ddembe birungi, nga mw'otwalidde n'eddembe okubeera mu ggwanga eddala ery'omubaka olw'emirimu. Kyokka, endagaano eno teyateekebwa mu nkola olw'okukkiriza omulimu n'ebizibu ebirala eby'obulabirizi, eby'amateeka, n'eby'ensimbi. Uganda y'omu ku batandikawo ekibiina kya Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD), ekirimu amawanga munaana omuli gavumenti ez'omu Horn of Africa, Nile Valley, ne African Great Lakes. Ekitebe kyayo ekikulu kiri mu kibuga Djibouti. Uganda era y'omu ku b'ekibiina kya Islamic Cooperation.<ref name="oicmems">{{cite web|title=Member States|url=https://www.oic-oci.org/|website=OIC|access-date=1 November 2020|archive-date=1 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101030126/https://www.oic-oci.org/|url-status=live}}</ref> [[File:BushMuseveniEntebbe2003.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BushMuseveniEntebbe2003.jpg|thumb|U.S. President [[:en:George_W._Bush|George W. Bush]] met with President Yoweri Museveni in Entebbe, Uganda, 11 July 2003.]] === Military === {{Further|Uganda People's Defence Force}} Mu Uganda, Uganda People's Defence Force ekola ng'amagye. Omuwendo gw'abaserikale mu Uganda gukubisaamu 45,000. Eggye lya Uganda likwatibwako mu mirimu egiwerako egy'okukuuma emirembe n'okulwanyisa mu kitundu kino, ng'abanoonyereza bagamba nti amagye ga Amerika ge gokka agasangibwa mu nsi nnyingi. Uganda erina abaserikale mu bitundu by'obukiika kkono n'obuvanjuba bwa Democratic Republic of Congo ne mu Central African Republic, Somalia, ne South Sudan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/OpEd/OpEdColumnists/CharlesOnyangoObbo/With-Somalia--CAR--and-South-Sudan--Museveni/-/878504/2137720/-/eb4y1nz/-/index.html|title=With Somalia, CAR, and South Sudan, Museveni is remaking the state – Charles Onyango Obbo|publisher=Monitor.co.ug|access-date=30 May 2015|archive-date=29 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129014713/http://www.monitor.co.ug/OpEd/OpEdColumnists/CharlesOnyangoObbo/With-Somalia--CAR--and-South-Sudan--Museveni/-/878504/2137720/-/eb4y1nz/-/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Corruption === {{main|Corruption in Uganda}} Ekitongole kya Transparency International kigambye nti ekitongole kya gavumenti mu Uganda kye kimu ku bitongole ebirimu obulyi bw'enguzi obusingirayo ddala mu nsi yonna. Mu 2016, Uganda yali ku ddaala ery'omulundi ogwa 151 ku 176 era yafuna obubonero 25 ku mutendera okuva ku 0 (olw'okulya enguzi) okutuuka ku 100 (olw'okubeera omuyonjo). Aba World Bank's 2015 Worldwide Governance Indicators batadde Uganda mu bitundu 12 eby'ensi ebisinga obubi. Okusinziira ku lipoota y'ekitongole kya Amerika ekikola ku nsonga z'eddembe ly'obuntu eya 2012 ekwata ku Uganda, "Bbanka y'Ensi Yonna gye buvuddeko awo yalaga nti obulyi bw'enguzi bucaase nnyo" era nti "buli mwaka eggwanga lifiirwa obuwumbi 768.9 (doola obukadde 286) olw'obulyi bw'enguzi". Abakiise ba Uganda mu 2014 baafuna emirundi 60 okusinga abakozi ba gavumenti abasinga obungi, era baasaba okwongerwako ssente nnyingi. Kino kyavuddemu okwemulugunya n'obwegugungo, omuli n'okukumpanya enkoko bbiri mu palamenti mu June 2014 okulaga enguzi eri mu ba palamenti. Abayeekera, abaakwatibwa, bakozesezza ekigambo "MPigs" okulaga okwemulugunya kwabwe. Ekikangabwa ekimu, ekyalina ebivaako eby'amaanyi mu mawanga gonna era ne kilaga nti waliwo obulyi bw'enguzi mu bitongole bya gavumenti eby'oku ntikko, kwe kubba ssente za ddoola obukadde 12.6 okuva mu ofiisi ya Katikkiro mu 2012. Ssente ezo "zaali za kukozesebwa mu kuzimba ekitundu ekisangibwa mu bukiikakkono bwa Uganda, ekyali kizikiriziddwa olutalo olwamala emyaka 20, ne mu Karamoja, ekitundu ekisinga okubaamu obwavu mu Uganda". Ensonga eno yaleetera EU, UK, Germany, Denmark, Ireland, ne Norway okuyimiriza obuyambi. Okulya enguzi okw'amaanyi n'okutono okwabaddewo mu bakozi ba gavumenti n'enteekateeka z'obufuzi nabyo bikosezza nnyo embeera y'ebyensimbi mu Uganda. Ekimu ku bitundu omuli obutali bwenkanya obw'amaanyi y'ebigaba ebya gavumenti, omuteekebwawo ssente ezitasangikasangika okuva mu bakozi b'ebigaba. Ekirala ekiyinza okwongera ku buzibu buno kwe kuba nti amafuta tegaliiwo. Etteeka lya Petroleum Bill, eryassibwawo palamenti mu 2012 era nga NRM eriyitibwa okuleeta obwenkanya mu kitongole ky'amafuta, lyalemeddwa okusanyusa bannabyabufuzi ab'omunda n'ab'eby'enfuna ab'omunda n'ab'ensi yonna. Ng'ekyokulabirako, Angelo Izama, omunoonyereza ku by'amasannyalaze mu Uganda ku Open Society Foundation ey'omu Amerika yagamba nti etteeka eriggya lifaanana "okuwa Museveni n'obufuzi bwe ekyuma ekikola ssente". Okusinziira ku kitongole ekiyitibwa Global Witness ekyafulumizibwa mu 2012, Uganda kati erina "amafuta mangi nnyo agasobola okuzzaawo amagoba ga gavumenti emirundi ebiri mu myaka mukaaga oba kkumi, era nga gagenda kuweza doola z'Amerika obuwumbi 2.4 buli mwaka". Etteeka erikwata ku bitongole ebitakola gwa gavumenti (Amendment) Act, eryassibwawo mu 2006, liziyizza ebikozesebwa by'ebitongole ebitakola bya gavumenti olw'okuteekawo obuzibu mu kuyingira, emirimu, ensimbi n'okukuŋŋaana mu kitongole kino. Enkola z'okuwandiisa ezizitowa era ezitali nnongoofu (ekitegeeza, okwetaaga okubuulirira okuva mu bakozi ba gavumenti; okuwandiisa obuggya buli mwaka), okufuga emirimu mu ngeri etasaanira (ekitegeeza, okwetaagisa gavumenti okutegeeza nga tennabaako muntu yenna gw'ayogerako mu kitundu ekitwala ebitongole ebitakola bya gavumenti), n'ekigendererwa nti ssente zonna ez'ebweru zigenda okuyita mu Bbanka ya Uganda, n'ebirala, bikugira nnyo omulimu gw'ekitongole ekyo. Okugatta ku ekyo, eddembe ly'okwogera ly'ekitundu lino lyeyongedde okumenyebwa nga bakozesa okutya, era etteeka lya Public Order Management Bill (erikugira ennyo eddembe ly'okukuŋŋaana) lijja kwongera ku by'okulwanyisa bya gavumenti..<ref>The International Center for Not-For-Profit Law. (2012). [http://www.icnl.org/research/monitor/uganda.html NGO Law Monitor: Uganda] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029191439/http://www.icnl.org/research/monitor/uganda.html|date=29 October 2013}}.</ref> === Human rights === {{Main|Human rights in Uganda}} Waliwo ebitundu bingi ebyeyongera okuleeta okweraliikirira ku nsonga y'eddembe ly'obuntu mu Uganda. Entalo eziri mu bitundu by'obukiika kkono bw'eggwanga zeeyongedde okuleeta alipoota z'ebikolwa eby'obukambwe ebyakolebwa abajeemu aba Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), abakulemberwa Joseph Kony, n'amagye ga Uganda. Omukungu wa UN yalumiriza LRA mu Febwali 2009 ku "bukambwe obw'entiisa" mu Democratic Republic of Congo. Omuwendo gw'abantu ab'omu nsi yonna abanoonyi b'obubudamu gukubisaamu obukadde 1.4. Okubonyaabonyezebwa kukyagenda mu maaso nga nkola ebucaase mu bitongole by'ebyokwerinda. Okulumba eddembe ly'eby'obufuzi mu ggwanga lino, omuli okukwatibwa n'okukuba ababaka ba palamenti ab'oludda oluvuganya, kuleetedde amawanga gonna okunenyezebwa, ekyavuddeko gavumenti ya Bungereza okusalawo mu May 2005 okulekera awo okuwa eggwanga eryo obuyambi. Okukwatibwa kw'omukulembeze w'oludda oluvuganya Kizza Besigye n'okusibibwa kwa kkooti enkulu mu kiseera ky'okuwulira omusango gwa Besigye ng'akozesa amagye agaliko ebyokulwanyisa eby'amaanyi nga tebannalondebwa mu February 2006 kyaviirako okuvumirirwa. Okukozesa abaana emirimu kya bulijjo mu Uganda. Abaana bangi abakola mu bulimi. Abaana abakola ku faamu z'omukka mu Uganda beetooloddwa endwadde. Abaana abaweereza awaka mu Uganda bali mu kabi k'okunyigirizibwa. Okutunda abaana kubaawo. Obuddu n'emirimu egy'obukakafu biragiddwa mu ssemateeka wa Uganda. Olukiiko lwa Amerika olw'Abanoonyi b'obubudamu n'abanoonyi b'obubudamu lwategeezezza ku kusobya ku ddembe ly'abanoonyi b'obubudamu mu 2007, omuli okugoba abantu mu Uganda n'ebikolwa eby'obukambwe eri abanoonyi b'obubudamu. Okubonyaabonyezebwa n'okuttibwa awatali musango kibadde kizibu kya maanyi mu Uganda mu myaka egiyise. Ng'ekyokulabirako, okusinziira ku lipoota ya U.S. State Department eya 2012, "Ekitongole kya Afirika eky'Okutereeza n'Okujjanjaba Abo Abaakosebwa Okubonyaabonyezebwa kyawandiisa emisango 170 egy'okubonyaabonyezebwa ku poliisi, 214 ku UPDF, 1 ku poliisi y'amagye, 23 ku kitongole kya Special Investigations Unit, 361 ku bantu abatali bategeerekeka ab'ebyokwerinda, ne 24 ku bakungu ba kkomera" wakati wa Jjanwali ne Ssebutemba 2012. Mu Ssebutemba 2009, Museveni yagaana Kabaka Muwenda Mutebi, kabaka wa Baganda, olukusa okugenda mu bitundu ebimu eby'Obwakabaka bwa Buganda, naddala disitulikiti y'e Kayunga. Wabaddewo obwegugungo era abantu abasukka mu 40 battiddwa ate abalala bakyali mu makomera. Okugatta ku ekyo, abantu abalala 9 battiddwa mu April 2011 mu kwekalakaasa kwa "Walk to Work". Okusinziira ku lupapula lwa Human Rights Watch 2013 World Report ku Uganda, gavumenti eremeddwa okunoonyereza ku kuttibwa okwali kukwataganyizibwa n'ebintu bino byombi.<ref>Human Rights Watch. (2013). [https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2013/country-chapters/uganda World Report 2013 (Uganda)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701082641/https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2013/country-chapters/uganda|date=1 July 2016}}.</ref> ==== LGBT rights ==== {{Main|LGBT rights in Uganda}} {{See also|The Anti-Homosexuality Act, 2014}} [[File:Uganda_Anti-Homosexuality_Bill_protest.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Uganda_Anti-Homosexuality_Bill_protest.jpg|left|thumb|Protests in [[:en:New_York_City|New York City]] against Uganda's [[:en:Anti-Homosexuality_Bill|Anti-Homosexuality Bill]].]] Mu 2007, olupapula lw'amawulire oluyitibwa Red Pepper, lwafulumya olukalala lw'abasajja abagambibwa okuba nti basongasonga, era bangi ku bo baatulugunyizibwa. Nga 9 Okitobba 2010, olupapula lw'amawulire olw'omu Uganda oluyitibwa Rolling Stone lwafulumya ekitundu ku lupapula olusooka ekyalina omutwe ogugamba nti "Ebifaananyi 100 eby'Abalyi b'ebisiyaga ab'oku ntikko mu Uganda" ekyaliko amannya, amadirisa, n'ebifaananyi by'abalyi b'ebisiyaga 100 okumpi n'akabonero aka zaabu akaaliko ebigambo "Basibe". Olupapula olwo era lwagamba nti abalyi b'ebisiyaga baali baagala okuyingira abaana ba Uganda. Ekiwandiiko kino kyaleetawo okutunuulirwa okw'ensi yonna n'okunenya okuva mu bitongole by'eddembe ly'obuntu, nga Amnesty International, No Peace Without Justice ne International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association. Okusinziira ku bannanyini ddembe ly'abayaaye, bannayuganda bangi balumbiddwa okuva lwe kyafulumizibwa. Nga January 27, 2011, omukuumi w'eddembe ly'abasajja abeefaako bokka David Kato yattibwa. Mu 2009, palamenti ya Uganda yatunuulira etteeka erirwanyisa obukaba eryandiyongedde obumenyi bw'amateeka bw'obukaba nga liteekawo ekibonerezo kya kufa eri abantu abalina emisango egy'emabega, oba abalina akawuka ka siriimu, era abenyigira mu bikolwa eby'okwetaba eby'ekika kye kimu. Etteeka lino era lyalimu ebiragiro ku Bannayuganda abeenyigira mu bikolwa eby'okwetaba okw'ekika kye kimu ebweru wa Uganda, nga bagamba nti bayinza okuzzibwayo e Uganda okubonerezebwa, era lyalimu ebibonerezo ku bantu kinnoomu, amakampuni, ebitongole by'amawulire, oba ebitongole ebitaba bya gavumenti ebiwagira obukuumi mu mateeka ku kwetaba oba sodomy. Etteeka lino lyateekebwawo omubaka David Bahati mu Uganda nga 14 Okitobba 2009, era lyagambibwa okuba nga lyali liwagiddwa nnyo mu palamenti ya Uganda. Ekibinja kya bannalukalala ekya Anonymous kyayingira ku mikutu gya gavumenti ya Uganda nga bawakanya etteeka lino. Okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku tteeka lino kwakendeera olw'okulumirirwa okw'ensi yonna naye oluvannyuma lyassibwa mu nkola nga 20 December 2013 era ne lyassibwa omukono Pulezidenti Yoweri Museveni nga 24 February 2014. Ekibonerezo kya kufa kyaggibwawo mu tteeka eryasembayo. Etteeka lino lyavumirirwa nnyo ekibiina ky'ensi yonna. Denmark, Netherlands, ne Sweden zaategeezezza nti zigenda kulekera awo okuwa obuyambi. Bbanka y'Ensi yonna nga 28 Febwali 2014 yagamba nti yali agenda kukyusaayo ssente za ddoola z'Amerika obukadde 90, ate Amerika n'egamba nti yali yeekenneenya enkolagana ne Uganda. Nga 1 August 2014, Kkooti ya Uganda ey'Etteeka yavumirira etteeka lino nga teririna mugaso kubanga teryayisibwa bulungi. Lipoota y'amawulire eya 13 August 2014 yagambye nti Ssaabawolereza wa Uganda avuddeyo ku nteekateeka zonna ez'okujulira, okusinziira ku kiragiro kya Pulezidenti Museveni eyali yeeraliikirivu olw'ebikolwa by'ebweru w'eggwanga ku tteeka lino era eyagamba nti etteeka lyonna eriggya teririna kussa mu nkola mpisa za bannaabwe ab'ekikula ekimu. Enkulaakulana ku lukalu lwa Afirika ebadde ya kaseera katono naye ng'egenda mu maaso nga South Africa ye nsi yokka eri mu ggwanga erikkiriza obufumbo obw'ekika kye kimu. Nga 21 March 2023, palamenti ya Uganda yakkiriza etteeka eryandifudde okweyanjula ng'omugenzi okubonerezebwa obulamu bwonna mu kkomera n'ekibonerezo kya kufa eri omuntu yenna avunaanibwa "obwenzi obw'amaanyi".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nicholls|first=Larry Madowo,Catherine|date=2023-03-21|title=Uganda parliament passes bill criminalizing identifying as LGBTQ, imposes death penalty for some offenses|url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/03/21/africa/uganda-lgbtq-law-passes-intl/index.html|access-date=2023-03-22|website=CNN|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Atuhaire|first=Patience|date=2023-03-21|title=Uganda Anti-Homosexuality bill: Life in prison for saying you're gay|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65034343|access-date=2023-03-22}}</ref> ==== Homosexuality ==== {{Undue weight|date=March 2023}} {{See also|Anti-Homosexuality Bill, 2023}}{{align|right|{{Highlighted world map by country|scale = 60|US=darkblue|CA=darkblue|MX=yellow|GB=darkblue|IS=yellow|NO=yellow|SE=lightblue|FI=lightblue|EE=lightblue|LV=lightblue|LT=lightblue|PL=lightblue|DE=darkblue|DK=lightblue|NL=lightblue|BE=lightblue|FR=lightblue|ES=lightblue|PT=lightblue|IT=lightblue|CH=yellow|IE=lightblue|GL=yellow|CZ=lightblue|SK=lightblue|RU=yellow|BY=yellow|UA=yellow|RO=lightblue|AT=lightblue|GR=lightblue|TR=yellow|BG=lightblue|RS=yellow|MK=yellow|AL=yellow|HU=lightblue|SI=lightblue|BA=yellow|ME=yellow|HR=lightblue|KZ=yellow|MN=yellow|CN=yellow|KP=yellow|KR=yellow|JP=yellow|TW=yellow|PH=yellow|UZ=yellow|KG=yellow|TJ=yellow|AF=yellow|PK=yellow|IN=yellow|NP=yellow|BT=yellow|BD=yellow|MM=yellow|TH=yellow|VN=yellow|KH=yellow|LA=yellow|IR=yellow|LK=yellow|ID=yellow|MY=yellow|PG=yellow|AU=yellow|NZ=yellow|SA=yellow|YE=yellow|OM=yellow|AE=yellow|BH=yellow|QA=yellow|IQ=yellow|SY=yellow|JO=yellow|IL=yellow|EG=yellow|LY=yellow|TN=yellow|DZ=yellow|MA=yellow|EH=yellow|MG=yellow|MR=yellow|CU=yellow|SD=yellow|SS=yellow|ER=yellow|DJ=yellow|ET=yellow|SO=yellow|BR=yellow|UY=yellow|AR=yellow|CL=yellow|KW=yellow|PY=yellow|BO=yellow|PE=yellow|EC=yellow|CO=yellow|VE=yellow|PA=yellow|GY=yellow|SR=yellow|CR=yellow|NI=yellow|HN=yellow|SV=yellow|GT=yellow|HT=yellow|DO=yellow|NE=yellow|ML=yellow|BF=yellow|NG=yellow|CM=yellow|CF=yellow|TD=yellow|KE=yellow|ZA=yellow|NA=yellow|BW=yellow|CD=yellow|CG=yellow|GA=yellow|GQ=yellow|BZ=yellow|AZ=yellow|AM=yellow|GE=yellow|SN=yellow|GM=yellow|GW=yellow|SL=yellow|CI=yellow|GN=yellow|PR=yellow|JM=yellow|AO=yellow|ZM=yellow|MZ=yellow|ZW=yellow|MW=yellow|TZ=yellow|UG=black|BI=yellow|RW=yellow|BS=yellow|TK=yellow|BJ=yellow|TG=yellow|GH=yellow|TT=yellow|LR=yellow|FK=yellow|CY=lightblue|TM=yellow|LB=yellow|FJ=yellow|SB=yellow|NC=yellow|VU=yellow|MD=yellow|PS=yellow|LU=yellow|BN=yellow}} {{legend|darkblue|Countries opposing the bill}} {{legend|lightblue|European Union countries without statements}} {{legend|darkred|Countries supporting the bill}} {{legend|yellow|No statement}} {{legend|black|Uganda}}}}Nga March 09, 2023 Asuman Basalirwa, omubaka wa palamenti okuva mu 2018 okuva mu ludda oluvuganya nga akiikirira Munisipaali y'e Bugiri ku kaadi y'ekibiina kya Justice Forum yateekawo etteeka [pdf bill] erigenda okuvumirira okwegatta kw'abalyi b'ebisiyaga n'okutumbula oba okukkiriza enkolagana ng'ezo. Naye era kituufu nti abantu bakola ensobi. Njagala okugamba nti obukaba kibi eri abantu ekikontana n'amateeka ga Uganda era nga bulabula obutukuvu bw'amaka, obukuumi bw'abaana baffe n'okweyongera kw'obuntu okuyitira mu kuzaala. Omukulembeze wa palamenti, Annet Anita Among, atadde etteeka lino mu kakiiko k'olukiiko olw'eby'obufuzi, nga guno gwe mutendera ogusoose mu nkola ey'okukyusa etteeka lino okufuuka etteeka. Omukulembeze w'olukiiko lwabadde agambye nti: "Twagala okusiima abawagizi baffe ab'obwenzi olw'enkulaakulana y'eby'enfuna gye baleese mu ggwanga, nga twogera ku mawanga g'ebugwanjuba n'abo abagaba. Naye tetusiima nti batta empisa. Tetwetaaga ssente zaabwe, twetaaga obuwangwa bwaffe. Mu kusaba okwali mu palamenti era nga n'abakulembeze b'eddiini bangi be baaliwo. Omwogezi yeeyamye okuteeka etteeka lino mu mateeka ku buli kigero okusobola okukuuma obuwangwa bwa Uganda n'obufuzi bwayo. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-03-08|title=Anti-gay law will be passed at whatever cost, says Speaker|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/anti-gay-law-will-be-passed-at-whatever-cost-says-speaker-4150612|access-date=2023-03-16|website=Monitor|language=en}}</ref> Amerika yasalira etteeka lino omusango. Mu lukungaana lwa White House Press nga March 22, 2023, Karine Jean-Pierre yategeezezza. "Eddembe ly'obuntu lya muwendo nnyo. Tewali muntu n'omu asaanidde kulumbibwa, kusibibwa, oba okuttibwa olw'engeri gy'alimu oba olw'omuntu gw'ayagala". Mu nnaku ezaddirira, okwemulugunya okulala kwava mu Bungereza, Canada, Bugirimaani, n'Ekibiina kya Bulaaya. === Administrative divisions === {{main|Administrative divisions of Uganda}} {{As of|2022}},Uganda eyawuddwamu ebitundu bina ne disitulikiti 136. Ebifo by'ebyalo eby'ebitundu bigabanyizibwamu ebibiina, ebibiina, n'ebyalo. Akakiiko k'ebibuga n'ebibuga kalondebwa mu bibuga by'amasaza. Ebitundu by'obufuzi mu Uganda biweereddwa obuyambi n'obumu ekibiina kya Uganda Local Governments Association (ULGA), ekitongole ekikola ku bwereere era ekitalina kigendererwa kya kunoonya magoba era ekikola ng'olukiiko olw'okuwagira n'okuwa obulagirizi gavumenti za Uganda eziri wansi w'eggwanga. Ng'oggyeko gavumenti, obwakabaka bwa Bantu butaano buzze bubeerawo, nga bufuna obwetwaze. Obwakabaka buno bwe Toro, Busoga, Bunyoro, Buganda, ne Rwenzururu. Okugatta ku ekyo, ebibiina ebimu bigezaako okuzzaawo Ankole ng'omu ku bwakabaka obw'obuwangwa obwategeerekeka mu butongole, kyokka nga tebinnavaamu kalungi. Obwakabaka obulala bungi n'ebika by'abaami bitegeerekese mu butongole gavumenti, omuli obumu bw'ebika by'abaami eby'e Alur, obwakabaka bwa Iteso, obwakabaka bwa Lango n'obwakabaka bwa Padhola.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irinnews.org/report/86107/uganda-a-rough-guide-to-the-country-s-kingdoms|title=A rough guide to the country's kingdoms|date=11 September 2009|access-date=30 November 2014|archive-date=5 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205023326/http://www.irinnews.org/report/86107/uganda-a-rough-guide-to-the-country-s-kingdoms|url-status=live}}</ref> == Laba ne == {{portal|Uganda|Africa}} * [[:en:Index_of_Uganda-related_articles|Index of Uganda-related articles]] * [[:en:Outline_of_Uganda|Outline of Uganda]] == Ebyokulabirako == <references group="lower-alpha" responsive="1"></references> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references responsive="1"></references> == Ebirala eby'kusomako == ; Encyclopedias {{Refbegin}} * Appiah, Anthony and Henry Louis Gates (ed.) (2010). ''Encyclopaedia of Africa''. Oxford University Press. * Middleton, John (ed.) (2008). ''New encyclopaedia of Africa''. Detroit: Thompson-Gale. * Shillington, Kevin (ed.) (2005). ''Encyclopedia of African history''. CRC Press. {{Refend}} ; Ebitabo ebilondeddwa n'ebiwandiiko by'abayivu {{Refbegin}} * BakamaNume, Bakama B. (2011). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=E-u-oqGczPsC&source=gbs_ViewAPI A Contemporary Geography of Uganda]''. African Books Collective. * {{cite book|title=Uganda (Cultures of the World)|author=Robert Barlas|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|year=2000|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T3RYYPSq8JoC|isbn=9780761409816|oclc=41299243|ref=none}} overview written for younger readers. * Carney, J. J. ''For God and My Country: Catholic Leadership in Modern Uganda'' (Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2020). * Chrétien, Jean-Pierre (2003). ''The great lakes of Africa: two thousand years of history''. New York: Zone Books. * Clarke, Ian, ed. ''Uganda - Culture Smart!: The Essential Guide to Customs & Culture'' (2014) [https://www.amazon.com/dp/1857336992/ excerpt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714061651/https://www.amazon.com/dp/1857336992|date=14 July 2022}} * Datzberger, Simone, and Marielle L.J. Le Mat. "Just add women and stir?: Education, gender and peacebuilding in Uganda." ''International Journal of Educational Development'' 59 (2018): 61-69 [https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10050396/1/Datzberger%20Education%20gender%20and%20peacebuilding%20in%20Uganda%20-%20Revisions%20tracked%20changes.pdf online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417063530/https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10050396/1/Datzberger%20Education%20gender%20and%20peacebuilding%20in%20Uganda%20-%20Revisions%20tracked%20changes.pdf|date=17 April 2021}}. * Griffin, Brett, Robert Barlas, and Jui Lin Yong. ''Uganda.'' (Cavendish Square Publishing, 2019). * Hepner, Tricia Redeker. "At the Boundaries of Life and Death: Notes on Eritrea and Northern Uganda." ''African Conflict and Peacebuilding Review'' 10.1 (2020): 127-142 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/africonfpeacrevi.10.1.06 online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425044047/https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/africonfpeacrevi.10.1.06|date=25 April 2021}}. * Hodd, Michael and Angela Roche ''Uganda handbook''. (Bath: Footprint, 2011). * Izama, Angelo. "Uganda." ''Africa Yearbook'' Volume 16. Brill, 2020 pp.&nbsp;413–422. * Jagielski, Wojciech and Antonia Lloyd-Jones (2012). ''The night wanderers: Uganda's children and the Lord's Resistance Army''. New York: Seven Stories Press. {{ISBN|9781609803506}} * Jørgensen, Jan Jelmert, ''Uganda: a modern history'' (1981) [https://archive.org/details/ugandamodernhist00jrge online] * Langole, Stephen, and David Monk. "Background to peace and conflict in northern Uganda." in ''Youth, education and work in (post-) conflict areas'' (2019): 16+ [https://www.rug.nl/research/portal/files/135090531/YEW_Publication_2020_online.pdf#page=22 online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119194009/https://www.rug.nl/research/portal/files/135090531/YEW_Publication_2020_online.pdf#page=22|date=19 January 2021}}. * Otiso, Kefa M. (2006). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=rMnkcZsv_eEC&source=gbs_ViewAPI Culture and Customs of Uganda]''. Greenwood Publishing Group. * Reid, Richard J. ''A history of modern Uganda'' (Cambridge University Press, 2017), the standard scholarly history. [http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=55348 Buy from Amazon - online review] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127162144/https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=55348|date=27 January 2021}} * Sobel, Meghan, and Karen McIntyre. "The State of Press Freedom in Uganda". ''International Journal of Communication'' 14 (2020): 20+. [https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/viewFile/11456/2948 online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415075411/https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/viewFile/11456/2948|date=15 April 2021}} {{Refend}} == Ebijuliziddwa w'abweru wa Wikipedia == {{Sister project links|voy=Uganda}} === Overview === * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210213104751/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/uganda/ Uganda]. ''[[:en:The_World_Factbook|The World Factbook]]''. [[:en:Central_Intelligence_Agency|Central Intelligence Agency]]. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080607090539/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/uganda.htm Uganda] from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs''. * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1069166.stm Country Profile] from [[:en:BBC_News|BBC News]]. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140914133543/http://www.business-anti-corruption.com/country-profiles/sub-saharan-africa/uganda-version/snapshot.aspx Uganda Corruption Profile] from the [[:en:Business-Anti-Corruption_Portal|Business Anti-Corruption Portal]] * {{curlie|Regional/Africa/Uganda}} === Maapu === * [https://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/uganda.pdf Printable map of Uganda from UN.org] * {{wikiatlas|Uganda}} * {{osmrelation-inline|192796}} === Gavumenti n'eby'enfuna === * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081210073716/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-u/uganda.html Chief of State and Cabinet Members] * [http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=UG Key Development Forecasts for Uganda] from [[:en:International_Futures|International Futures]] === Humanitarian issues === * [http://www.irinnews.org/Africa-Country.aspx?Country=UG Humanitarian news and analysis from IRIN – Uganda] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110402165315/http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/dbc.nsf/doc104?OpenForm&rc=1&cc=uga Humanitarian information coverage on ReliefWeb] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210208131440/http://www.rfi.fr/actuen/pages/001/page_40.asp Radio France International – dossier on Uganda and Lord's Resistance Army] ; Eby'obusuubuzi * [http://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/Country/UGA/Year/2012/Summary World Bank Summary Trade Statistics Uganda] === Eby'obulambuzi === * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091223191137/http://www.visituganda.com/ Uganda Tourism Board] * [http://www.ugandawildlife.org/ Uganda Wildlife Authority] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20171003170213/https://visitkampala.net/ Visit Kampala with Kampala Capital City Authority] * [http://visas.immigration.go.ug/ Immigration Department] {{Uganda topics}}{{Districts of Uganda}}{{Navboxes|list={{Countries of Africa}} {{African Union}} {{Organisation of Islamic Cooperation}} {{Commonwealth of Nations}}}}{{Authority control}}<!--Please leave the empty space as per [[WP:CATMAIN]].--> <!--Ebola virus?: [[Category:Eboli virus]]--> [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agatasalagana n'assemayanja]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] k6xp5j0x5avfmtbfgcvga7wjgc24spw 0 10568 66891 64138 2026-08-05T21:46:35Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 references and de-wikilinked 66891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christine Butegwa''' mulwanirizi w'eddembe, muwandisi, mutandisi w'emirimu, era gender and development activist asangibwa mu Uganda.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2016-03-23 |title=Christine Butegwa » African Feminist Forum |url=http://www.africanfeministforum.com/christine-butegwa/ |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=African Feminist Forum |language=en-US}}</ref> Ye muwandiisi w'akatabo akayitibwa,<ref>http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n2007208393/</ref> "The Mighty Angwech and More: Female Legends from Ugandan folklore".<ref>https://www.amazon.com/Christine-Butegwa/e/B085QD58VY?ref=dbs_a_mng_rwt_scns_share</ref> Christine interior designer era yali dayirekita wa Rukundo Design Décor.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Uganda: 'I Was Bored, I Decided to Follow My Dream' |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201509220943.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20160523065014/http://allafrica.com/stories/201509220943.html |archive-date=2016-05-23 |access-date=2026-08-05 |work=allAfrica.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>http://dailymonitoruganda.blogspot.com/2016/01/decor-helping-your-tv-blend-in.html</ref> Mu 2002, yali omu ku bateesiteesi ba vidiyo, "A Tale of Ten Years: The Experience of Women and Gender Studies, [[:en:Makerere_University|Makerere University]] ne Murerwa Rian".<ref>{{Cite web |title=A tale of ten years : the experience of the Department of Women and Gender Studies, Makerere University {{!}} WorldCat.org |url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/53286910 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=search.worldcat.org |language=en}}</ref> Mu biseera bino ye mutandisi ne CEO wa Jabali Consulting Ltd, ekitongole kya pan African gender and development consulting ekisangibwa mu Kampala, Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.jabaliconsulting.com/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-04-08 |archive-date=2023-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230807102040/https://www.jabaliconsulting.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Work experience == Yakola ne [[:en:Akina_Mama_wa_Afrika|Akina Mama wa Afrika]] (AMwA) nga Africa Regional Coordinator.<ref name=":0"/><ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1285936</ref> Oluvanyuma yawereza nga acting executive director at AMwA.<ref>http://ugandaradionetwork.com/story/women-activist-demand-more-empowerment-for-women</ref> Yaweerezako nga Gender, Rights and Advocacy Advisor ku [[:en:International_Planned_Parenthood_Federation|International Planned Parenthood Federation]] (IPPF) Africa Regional Office esangibwa mu Nairobi, Kenya.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://preventgbvafrica.org/about-the-network/our-network/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |archive-date=2023-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127052813/https://preventgbvafrica.org/about-the-network/our-network/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yaweebwa omulimu ku African Women's Development and Communication Network ([[:en:FEMNET|FEMNET]]).<ref>https://genderit.org/feminist-talk/23-september-2005-gender-and-internet-governance-african-context</ref> Ebitundu bye eby'enkizo byali ku ddembe ly'abakyaala, gender and development, ne by'empuliziganya.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/awli-resource-persons/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |archive-date=2024-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408132207/https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/awli-resource-persons/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/healthy-living/-1-500-mothers-die-every-day-during-child-birth--1475432</ref> Nga ali ku AMwA, ye, ku lw'ekitongole, yali ku ludda oluvugannya omukago gwa Uganda ogwa Anti gay bill of Uganda.<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/anti-gay-bill-opens-pandoras-box/</ref> == Laba ne == * [[:en:International_Planned_Parenthood_Federation|International Planned Parenthood Federation]] * [[:en:FEMNET|FEMNET]] * [[:en:Akina_Mama_wa_Afrika|Akina Mama wa Afrika]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wa bweru wa Wikipediya == * [https://unidir.org/publication/gender-perspectives-arms-control-and-disarmament-views-africa Gender Perspectives in Arms Control and Disarmament: Views from Africa] * https://web.archive.org/web/20210617051616/https://fahamubooks.org/book/?GCOI=90638100278600&fa=author&person_id=54 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191126010911/https://www.ippf.org/ Website of International Planned Parenthood Federation] * [https://femnet.org/ Website of African Women's Development and Communication Network] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240418090836/https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/ Website of Akina Mama wa Afrika] {{authority control}} huwyhtkj12l6j18odjm1nk15b50a3gb 66893 66891 2026-08-05T21:51:39Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 references and de-wikilinked 66893 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christine Butegwa''' mulwanirizi w'eddembe, muwandisi, mutandisi w'emirimu, era gender and development activist asangibwa mu Uganda.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2016-03-23 |title=Christine Butegwa » African Feminist Forum |url=http://www.africanfeministforum.com/christine-butegwa/ |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=African Feminist Forum |language=en-US}}</ref> Ye muwandiisi w'akatabo akayitibwa,<ref>http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n2007208393/</ref> "The Mighty Angwech and More: Female Legends from Ugandan folklore".<ref>https://www.amazon.com/Christine-Butegwa/e/B085QD58VY?ref=dbs_a_mng_rwt_scns_share</ref> Christine interior designer era yali dayirekita wa Rukundo Design Décor.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Uganda: 'I Was Bored, I Decided to Follow My Dream' |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201509220943.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20160523065014/http://allafrica.com/stories/201509220943.html |archive-date=2016-05-23 |access-date=2026-08-05 |work=allAfrica.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>http://dailymonitoruganda.blogspot.com/2016/01/decor-helping-your-tv-blend-in.html</ref> Mu 2002, yali omu ku bateesiteesi ba vidiyo, "A Tale of Ten Years: The Experience of Women and Gender Studies, [[:en:Makerere_University|Makerere University]] ne Murerwa Rian".<ref>{{Cite web |title=A tale of ten years : the experience of the Department of Women and Gender Studies, Makerere University {{!}} WorldCat.org |url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/53286910 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=search.worldcat.org |language=en}}</ref> Mu biseera bino ye mutandisi ne CEO wa Jabali Consulting Ltd, ekitongole kya pan African gender and development consulting ekisangibwa mu Kampala, Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.jabaliconsulting.com/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-04-08 |archive-date=2023-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230807102040/https://www.jabaliconsulting.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Work experience == Yakola ne [[:en:Akina_Mama_wa_Afrika|Akina Mama wa Afrika]] (AMwA) nga Africa Regional Coordinator.<ref name=":0"/><ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1285936</ref> Oluvanyuma yawereza nga acting executive director at AMwA.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mujuzi |first=Huzaima |last2=Siya |first2=Aggrey |last3=Wambi |first3=Rogers |date=2023-09-27 |title=Infectious vaginitis among women seeking reproductive health services at a sexual and reproductive health facility in Kampala, Uganda |url=https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3108068/v1 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Yaweerezako nga Gender, Rights and Advocacy Advisor ku [[:en:International_Planned_Parenthood_Federation|International Planned Parenthood Federation]] (IPPF) Africa Regional Office esangibwa mu Nairobi, Kenya.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://preventgbvafrica.org/about-the-network/our-network/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |archive-date=2023-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127052813/https://preventgbvafrica.org/about-the-network/our-network/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yaweebwa omulimu ku African Women's Development and Communication Network ([[:en:FEMNET|FEMNET]]).<ref>https://genderit.org/feminist-talk/23-september-2005-gender-and-internet-governance-african-context</ref> Ebitundu bye eby'enkizo byali ku ddembe ly'abakyaala, gender and development, ne by'empuliziganya.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/awli-resource-persons/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |archive-date=2024-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408132207/https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/awli-resource-persons/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-07 |title=‘1,500 mothers die every day during child birth’ |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/healthy-living/-1-500-mothers-die-every-day-during-child-birth--1475432 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Nga ali ku AMwA, ye, ku lw'ekitongole, yali ku ludda oluvugannya omukago gwa Uganda ogwa Anti gay bill of Uganda.<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/anti-gay-bill-opens-pandoras-box/</ref> == Laba ne == * [[:en:International_Planned_Parenthood_Federation|International Planned Parenthood Federation]] * [[:en:FEMNET|FEMNET]] * [[:en:Akina_Mama_wa_Afrika|Akina Mama wa Afrika]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wa bweru wa Wikipediya == * [https://unidir.org/publication/gender-perspectives-arms-control-and-disarmament-views-africa Gender Perspectives in Arms Control and Disarmament: Views from Africa] * https://web.archive.org/web/20210617051616/https://fahamubooks.org/book/?GCOI=90638100278600&fa=author&person_id=54 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191126010911/https://www.ippf.org/ Website of International Planned Parenthood Federation] * [https://femnet.org/ Website of African Women's Development and Communication Network] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240418090836/https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/ Website of Akina Mama wa Afrika] {{authority control}} i10ootksmvvydn1a2qk5irxqkpep1yn 66894 66893 2026-08-05T21:54:22Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations and spellings 66894 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christine Butegwa''' mulwanirizi w'eddembe, muwandisi, mutandisi w'emirimu, era gender and development activist asangibwa mu Uganda.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2016-03-23 |title=Christine Butegwa » African Feminist Forum |url=http://www.africanfeministforum.com/christine-butegwa/ |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=African Feminist Forum |language=en-US}}</ref> Ye muwandiisi w'akatabo akayitibwa,<ref>http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n2007208393/</ref> "The Mighty Angwech and More: Female Legends from Ugandan folklore".<ref>https://www.amazon.com/Christine-Butegwa/e/B085QD58VY?ref=dbs_a_mng_rwt_scns_share</ref> Christine interior designer era yali dayirekita wa Rukundo Design Décor.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Uganda: 'I Was Bored, I Decided to Follow My Dream' |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201509220943.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20160523065014/http://allafrica.com/stories/201509220943.html |archive-date=2016-05-23 |access-date=2026-08-05 |work=allAfrica.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>http://dailymonitoruganda.blogspot.com/2016/01/decor-helping-your-tv-blend-in.html</ref> Mu 2002, yali omu ku bateesiteesi ba vidiyo, "A Tale of Ten Years: The Experience of Women and Gender Studies, [[:en:Makerere_University|Makerere University]] ne Murerwa Rian".<ref>{{Cite web |title=A tale of ten years : the experience of the Department of Women and Gender Studies, Makerere University {{!}} WorldCat.org |url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/53286910 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=search.worldcat.org |language=en}}</ref> Mu biseera bino ye mutandisi ne CEO wa Jabali Consulting Ltd, ekitongole kya pan African gender and development consulting ekisangibwa mu Kampala, Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.jabaliconsulting.com/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-04-08 |archive-date=2023-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230807102040/https://www.jabaliconsulting.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Work experience == Yakola ne [[:en:Akina_Mama_wa_Afrika|Akina Mama wa Afrika]] (AMwA) nga Africa Regional Coordinator.<ref name=":0"/><ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1285936</ref> Oluvanyuma yawereza nga acting executive director at AMwA.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mujuzi |first=Huzaima |last2=Siya |first2=Aggrey |last3=Wambi |first3=Rogers |date=2023-09-27 |title=Infectious vaginitis among women seeking reproductive health services at a sexual and reproductive health facility in Kampala, Uganda |url=https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3108068/v1 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Yaweerezako nga Gender, Rights and Advocacy Advisor ku [[:en:International_Planned_Parenthood_Federation|International Planned Parenthood Federation]] (IPPF) Africa Regional Office esangibwa mu Nairobi, Kenya.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://preventgbvafrica.org/about-the-network/our-network/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |archive-date=2023-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127052813/https://preventgbvafrica.org/about-the-network/our-network/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yaweebwa omulimu ku African Women's Development and Communication Network ([[:en:FEMNET|FEMNET]]).<ref>https://genderit.org/feminist-talk/23-september-2005-gender-and-internet-governance-african-context</ref> Ebitundu bye eby'enkizo byali ku ddembe ly'abakyaala, gender and development, ne by'empuliziganya.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/awli-resource-persons/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |archive-date=2024-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408132207/https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/awli-resource-persons/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-07 |title=‘1,500 mothers die every day during child birth’ |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/healthy-living/-1-500-mothers-die-every-day-during-child-birth--1475432 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Nga ali ku AMwA, ye, ku lw'ekitongole, yali ku ludda oluvuganya omukago gwa Uganda ogwa Anti gay bill of Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |last=independent |first=The |date=2009-11-10 |title=Anti-gay bill opens a Pandora's Box |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/anti-gay-bill-opens-pandoras-box/ |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=The Independent Uganda: |language=en-US}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[International Planned Parenthood Federation]] * [[FEMNET]] * [[Akina Maama wa Afrika|Akina Mama wa Afrika]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wa bweru wa Wikipediya == * [https://unidir.org/publication/gender-perspectives-arms-control-and-disarmament-views-africa Gender Perspectives in Arms Control and Disarmament: Views from Africa] * https://web.archive.org/web/20210617051616/https://fahamubooks.org/book/?GCOI=90638100278600&fa=author&person_id=54 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191126010911/https://www.ippf.org/ Website of International Planned Parenthood Federation] * [https://femnet.org/ Website of African Women's Development and Communication Network] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240418090836/https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/ Website of Akina Mama wa Afrika] 4y7nos8lg0a3ov4jcsu7maews0u0yee 66895 66894 2026-08-05T21:55:26Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 references and de-wikilinked 66895 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christine Butegwa''' mulwanirizi w'eddembe, muwandisi, mutandisi w'emirimu, era gender and development activist asangibwa mu Uganda.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2016-03-23 |title=Christine Butegwa » African Feminist Forum |url=http://www.africanfeministforum.com/christine-butegwa/ |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=African Feminist Forum |language=en-US}}</ref> Ye muwandiisi w'akatabo akayitibwa,<ref>http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n2007208393/</ref> "The Mighty Angwech and More: Female Legends from Ugandan folklore".<ref>https://www.amazon.com/Christine-Butegwa/e/B085QD58VY?ref=dbs_a_mng_rwt_scns_share</ref> Christine interior designer era yali dayirekita wa Rukundo Design Décor.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Uganda: 'I Was Bored, I Decided to Follow My Dream' |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201509220943.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20160523065014/http://allafrica.com/stories/201509220943.html |archive-date=2016-05-23 |access-date=2026-08-05 |work=allAfrica.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>http://dailymonitoruganda.blogspot.com/2016/01/decor-helping-your-tv-blend-in.html</ref> Mu 2002, yali omu ku bateesiteesi ba vidiyo, "A Tale of Ten Years: The Experience of Women and Gender Studies, [[Makerere University, Uganda|Makerere University]] ne Murerwa Rian".<ref>{{Cite web |title=A tale of ten years : the experience of the Department of Women and Gender Studies, Makerere University {{!}} WorldCat.org |url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/53286910 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=search.worldcat.org |language=en}}</ref> Mu biseera bino ye mutandisi ne CEO wa Jabali Consulting Ltd, ekitongole kya pan African gender and development consulting ekisangibwa mu Kampala, Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.jabaliconsulting.com/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-04-08 |archive-date=2023-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230807102040/https://www.jabaliconsulting.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Work experience == Yakola ne [[Akina Maama wa Afrika|Akina Mama wa Afrika]] (AMwA) nga Africa Regional Coordinator.<ref name=":0"/><ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1285936</ref> Oluvanyuma yawereza nga acting executive director at AMwA.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mujuzi |first=Huzaima |last2=Siya |first2=Aggrey |last3=Wambi |first3=Rogers |date=2023-09-27 |title=Infectious vaginitis among women seeking reproductive health services at a sexual and reproductive health facility in Kampala, Uganda |url=https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3108068/v1 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Yaweerezako nga Gender, Rights and Advocacy Advisor ku [[:en:International_Planned_Parenthood_Federation|International Planned Parenthood Federation]] (IPPF) Africa Regional Office esangibwa mu Nairobi, Kenya.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://preventgbvafrica.org/about-the-network/our-network/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |archive-date=2023-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127052813/https://preventgbvafrica.org/about-the-network/our-network/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yaweebwa omulimu ku African Women's Development and Communication Network ([[:en:FEMNET|FEMNET]]).<ref>https://genderit.org/feminist-talk/23-september-2005-gender-and-internet-governance-african-context</ref> Ebitundu bye eby'enkizo byali ku ddembe ly'abakyaala, gender and development, ne by'empuliziganya.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/awli-resource-persons/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |archive-date=2024-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408132207/https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/awli-resource-persons/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-07 |title=‘1,500 mothers die every day during child birth’ |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/healthy-living/-1-500-mothers-die-every-day-during-child-birth--1475432 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Nga ali ku AMwA, ye, ku lw'ekitongole, yali ku ludda oluvuganya omukago gwa Uganda ogwa Anti gay bill of Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |last=independent |first=The |date=2009-11-10 |title=Anti-gay bill opens a Pandora's Box |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/anti-gay-bill-opens-pandoras-box/ |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=The Independent Uganda: |language=en-US}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[International Planned Parenthood Federation]] * [[FEMNET]] * [[Akina Maama wa Afrika|Akina Mama wa Afrika]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wa bweru wa Wikipediya == * [https://unidir.org/publication/gender-perspectives-arms-control-and-disarmament-views-africa Gender Perspectives in Arms Control and Disarmament: Views from Africa] * https://web.archive.org/web/20210617051616/https://fahamubooks.org/book/?GCOI=90638100278600&fa=author&person_id=54 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191126010911/https://www.ippf.org/ Website of International Planned Parenthood Federation] * [https://femnet.org/ Website of African Women's Development and Communication Network] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240418090836/https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/ Website of Akina Mama wa Afrika] 97v73ryptftkb4vnooliw3oz1gdua33 66896 66895 2026-08-05T21:56:27Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations 66896 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christine Butegwa''' mulwanirizi w'eddembe, muwandisi, mutandisi w'emirimu, era gender and development activist asangibwa mu Uganda.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2016-03-23 |title=Christine Butegwa » African Feminist Forum |url=http://www.africanfeministforum.com/christine-butegwa/ |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=African Feminist Forum |language=en-US}}</ref> Ye muwandiisi w'akatabo akayitibwa,<ref>http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n2007208393/</ref> "The Mighty Angwech and More: Female Legends from Ugandan folklore".<ref>https://www.amazon.com/Christine-Butegwa/e/B085QD58VY?ref=dbs_a_mng_rwt_scns_share</ref> Christine interior designer era yali dayirekita wa Rukundo Design Décor.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Uganda: 'I Was Bored, I Decided to Follow My Dream' |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201509220943.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20160523065014/http://allafrica.com/stories/201509220943.html |archive-date=2016-05-23 |access-date=2026-08-05 |work=allAfrica.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>http://dailymonitoruganda.blogspot.com/2016/01/decor-helping-your-tv-blend-in.html</ref> Mu 2002, yali omu ku bateesiteesi ba vidiyo, "A Tale of Ten Years: The Experience of Women and Gender Studies, [[Makerere University, Uganda|Makerere University]] ne Murerwa Rian".<ref>{{Cite web |title=A tale of ten years : the experience of the Department of Women and Gender Studies, Makerere University {{!}} WorldCat.org |url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/53286910 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=search.worldcat.org |language=en}}</ref> Mu biseera bino ye mutandisi ne CEO wa Jabali Consulting Ltd, ekitongole kya pan African gender and development consulting ekisangibwa mu Kampala, Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.jabaliconsulting.com/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-04-08 |archive-date=2023-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230807102040/https://www.jabaliconsulting.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Work experience == Yakola ne [[Akina Maama wa Afrika|Akina Mama wa Afrika]] (AMwA) nga Africa Regional Coordinator.<ref name=":0"/><ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1285936</ref> Oluvanyuma yawereza nga acting executive director at AMwA.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mujuzi |first=Huzaima |last2=Siya |first2=Aggrey |last3=Wambi |first3=Rogers |date=2023-09-27 |title=Infectious vaginitis among women seeking reproductive health services at a sexual and reproductive health facility in Kampala, Uganda |url=https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3108068/v1 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Yaweerezako nga Gender, Rights and Advocacy Advisor ku [[International Planned Parenthood Federation]] (IPPF) Africa Regional Office esangibwa mu Nairobi, Kenya.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://preventgbvafrica.org/about-the-network/our-network/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |archive-date=2023-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127052813/https://preventgbvafrica.org/about-the-network/our-network/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yaweebwa omulimu ku African Women's Development and Communication Network ([[FEMNET]]).<ref>https://genderit.org/feminist-talk/23-september-2005-gender-and-internet-governance-african-context</ref> Ebitundu bye eby'enkizo byali ku ddembe ly'abakyaala, gender and development, ne by'empuliziganya.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/awli-resource-persons/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |archive-date=2024-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408132207/https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/awli-resource-persons/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-07 |title=‘1,500 mothers die every day during child birth’ |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/healthy-living/-1-500-mothers-die-every-day-during-child-birth--1475432 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Nga ali ku AMwA, ye, ku lw'ekitongole, yali ku ludda oluvuganya omukago gwa Uganda ogwa Anti gay bill of Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |last=independent |first=The |date=2009-11-10 |title=Anti-gay bill opens a Pandora's Box |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/anti-gay-bill-opens-pandoras-box/ |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=The Independent Uganda: |language=en-US}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[International Planned Parenthood Federation]] * [[FEMNET]] * [[Akina Maama wa Afrika|Akina Mama wa Afrika]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wa bweru wa Wikipediya == * [https://unidir.org/publication/gender-perspectives-arms-control-and-disarmament-views-africa Gender Perspectives in Arms Control and Disarmament: Views from Africa] * https://web.archive.org/web/20210617051616/https://fahamubooks.org/book/?GCOI=90638100278600&fa=author&person_id=54 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191126010911/https://www.ippf.org/ Website of International Planned Parenthood Federation] * [https://femnet.org/ Website of African Women's Development and Communication Network] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240418090836/https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/ Website of Akina Mama wa Afrika] 8utg94cg3lb1vh4lxz4asz4r6i5qjx3 66897 66896 2026-08-05T21:58:36Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added categories 66897 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christine Butegwa''' mulwanirizi w'eddembe, muwandisi, mutandisi w'emirimu, era gender and development activist asangibwa mu Uganda.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2016-03-23 |title=Christine Butegwa » African Feminist Forum |url=http://www.africanfeministforum.com/christine-butegwa/ |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=African Feminist Forum |language=en-US}}</ref> Ye muwandiisi w'akatabo akayitibwa,<ref>http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n2007208393/</ref> "The Mighty Angwech and More: Female Legends from Ugandan folklore".<ref>https://www.amazon.com/Christine-Butegwa/e/B085QD58VY?ref=dbs_a_mng_rwt_scns_share</ref> Christine interior designer era yali dayirekita wa Rukundo Design Décor.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Uganda: 'I Was Bored, I Decided to Follow My Dream' |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201509220943.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20160523065014/http://allafrica.com/stories/201509220943.html |archive-date=2016-05-23 |access-date=2026-08-05 |work=allAfrica.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>http://dailymonitoruganda.blogspot.com/2016/01/decor-helping-your-tv-blend-in.html</ref> Mu 2002, yali omu ku bateesiteesi ba vidiyo, "A Tale of Ten Years: The Experience of Women and Gender Studies, [[Makerere University, Uganda|Makerere University]] ne Murerwa Rian".<ref>{{Cite web |title=A tale of ten years : the experience of the Department of Women and Gender Studies, Makerere University {{!}} WorldCat.org |url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/53286910 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=search.worldcat.org |language=en}}</ref> Mu biseera bino ye mutandisi ne CEO wa Jabali Consulting Ltd, ekitongole kya pan African gender and development consulting ekisangibwa mu Kampala, Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.jabaliconsulting.com/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-04-08 |archive-date=2023-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230807102040/https://www.jabaliconsulting.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Work experience == Yakola ne [[Akina Maama wa Afrika|Akina Mama wa Afrika]] (AMwA) nga Africa Regional Coordinator.<ref name=":0"/><ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1285936</ref> Oluvanyuma yawereza nga acting executive director at AMwA.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mujuzi |first=Huzaima |last2=Siya |first2=Aggrey |last3=Wambi |first3=Rogers |date=2023-09-27 |title=Infectious vaginitis among women seeking reproductive health services at a sexual and reproductive health facility in Kampala, Uganda |url=https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3108068/v1 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Yaweerezako nga Gender, Rights and Advocacy Advisor ku [[International Planned Parenthood Federation]] (IPPF) Africa Regional Office esangibwa mu Nairobi, Kenya.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://preventgbvafrica.org/about-the-network/our-network/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |archive-date=2023-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127052813/https://preventgbvafrica.org/about-the-network/our-network/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yaweebwa omulimu ku African Women's Development and Communication Network ([[FEMNET]]).<ref>https://genderit.org/feminist-talk/23-september-2005-gender-and-internet-governance-african-context</ref> Ebitundu bye eby'enkizo byali ku ddembe ly'abakyaala, gender and development, ne by'empuliziganya.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/awli-resource-persons/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |archive-date=2024-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408132207/https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/awli-resource-persons/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-07 |title=‘1,500 mothers die every day during child birth’ |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/healthy-living/-1-500-mothers-die-every-day-during-child-birth--1475432 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Nga ali ku AMwA, ye, ku lw'ekitongole, yali ku ludda oluvuganya omukago gwa Uganda ogwa Anti gay bill of Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |last=independent |first=The |date=2009-11-10 |title=Anti-gay bill opens a Pandora's Box |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/anti-gay-bill-opens-pandoras-box/ |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=The Independent Uganda: |language=en-US}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[International Planned Parenthood Federation]] * [[FEMNET]] * [[Akina Maama wa Afrika|Akina Mama wa Afrika]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wa bweru wa Wikipediya == * [https://unidir.org/publication/gender-perspectives-arms-control-and-disarmament-views-africa Gender Perspectives in Arms Control and Disarmament: Views from Africa] * https://web.archive.org/web/20210617051616/https://fahamubooks.org/book/?GCOI=90638100278600&fa=author&person_id=54 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191126010911/https://www.ippf.org/ Website of International Planned Parenthood Federation] * [https://femnet.org/ Website of African Women's Development and Communication Network] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240418090836/https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/ Website of Akina Mama wa Afrika] [[Category:Bannayuganda abakazi abawandiisi eb'ekyasa kyabirimwekimu]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abalwanirizi b'eddembe ly'abakyala]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] f8wbkn4qmtgsax14znr6etv43fu3n3q 66900 66897 2026-08-05T22:04:35Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations and spellings 66900 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christine Butegwa''' mulwanirizi wa ddembe, muwandiisi, mutandisi w'amirimu, era omulwanirizi w'ekikula ky'abantu n'enkulaakulana asangibwa mu Uganda.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2016-03-23 |title=Christine Butegwa » African Feminist Forum |url=http://www.africanfeministforum.com/christine-butegwa/ |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=African Feminist Forum |language=en-US}}</ref> Ye muwandiisi w'akatabo akayitibwa,<ref>http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n2007208393/</ref> "The Mighty Angwech and More: Female Legends from Ugandan folklore".<ref>https://www.amazon.com/Christine-Butegwa/e/B085QD58VY?ref=dbs_a_mng_rwt_scns_share</ref> Christine interior designer era yali dayirekita wa Rukundo Design Décor.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Uganda: 'I Was Bored, I Decided to Follow My Dream' |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201509220943.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20160523065014/http://allafrica.com/stories/201509220943.html |archive-date=2016-05-23 |access-date=2026-08-05 |work=allAfrica.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>http://dailymonitoruganda.blogspot.com/2016/01/decor-helping-your-tv-blend-in.html</ref> Mu 2002, yali omu ku bateesiteesi ba vidiyo, "A Tale of Ten Years: The Experience of Women and Gender Studies, [[Makerere University, Uganda|Makerere University]] ne Murerwa Rian".<ref>{{Cite web |title=A tale of ten years : the experience of the Department of Women and Gender Studies, Makerere University {{!}} WorldCat.org |url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/53286910 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=search.worldcat.org |language=en}}</ref> Mu biseera bino ye mutandisi ne CEO wa Jabali Consulting Ltd, ekitongole kya pan African gender and development consulting ekisangibwa mu Kampala, Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.jabaliconsulting.com/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-04-08 |archive-date=2023-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230807102040/https://www.jabaliconsulting.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Obumanyirivu bwe mu mirimu == Yakola ne [[Akina Maama wa Afrika|Akina Mama wa Afrika]] (AMwA) nga Africa Regional Coordinator.<ref name=":0"/><ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1285936</ref> Oluvanyuma yawereza nga acting executive director at AMwA.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mujuzi |first=Huzaima |last2=Siya |first2=Aggrey |last3=Wambi |first3=Rogers |date=2023-09-27 |title=Infectious vaginitis among women seeking reproductive health services at a sexual and reproductive health facility in Kampala, Uganda |url=https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3108068/v1 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Yaweerezako nga Gender, Rights and Advocacy Advisor ku [[International Planned Parenthood Federation]] (IPPF) Africa Regional Office esangibwa mu Nairobi, Kenya.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://preventgbvafrica.org/about-the-network/our-network/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |archive-date=2023-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127052813/https://preventgbvafrica.org/about-the-network/our-network/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yaweebwa omulimu ku African Women's Development and Communication Network ([[FEMNET]]).<ref>https://genderit.org/feminist-talk/23-september-2005-gender-and-internet-governance-african-context</ref> Ebitundu bye eby'enkizo byali ku ddembe ly'abakyaala, gender and development, ne by'empuliziganya.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/awli-resource-persons/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |archive-date=2024-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408132207/https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/awli-resource-persons/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-07 |title=‘1,500 mothers die every day during child birth’ |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/healthy-living/-1-500-mothers-die-every-day-during-child-birth--1475432 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Nga ali ku AMwA, ye, ku lw'ekitongole, yali ku ludda oluvuganya omukago gwa Uganda ogwa Anti gay bill of Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |last=independent |first=The |date=2009-11-10 |title=Anti-gay bill opens a Pandora's Box |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/anti-gay-bill-opens-pandoras-box/ |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=The Independent Uganda: |language=en-US}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[International Planned Parenthood Federation]] * [[FEMNET]] * [[Akina Maama wa Afrika|Akina Mama wa Afrika]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wa bweru wa Wikipediya == * [https://unidir.org/publication/gender-perspectives-arms-control-and-disarmament-views-africa Gender Perspectives in Arms Control and Disarmament: Views from Africa] * https://web.archive.org/web/20210617051616/https://fahamubooks.org/book/?GCOI=90638100278600&fa=author&person_id=54 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191126010911/https://www.ippf.org/ Website of International Planned Parenthood Federation] * [https://femnet.org/ Website of African Women's Development and Communication Network] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240418090836/https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/ Website of Akina Mama wa Afrika] [[Category:Bannayuganda abakazi abawandiisi eb'ekyasa kyabirimwekimu]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abalwanirizi b'eddembe ly'abakyala]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] 6xc7dh0223ml0e2skii2a1x35w1bulr 66901 66900 2026-08-05T22:06:22Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations and spellings 66901 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christine Butegwa''' mulwanirizi wa ddembe, muwandiisi, mutandisi w'amirimu, era omulwanirizi w'ekikula ky'abantu n'enkulaakulana asangibwa mu Uganda.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2016-03-23 |title=Christine Butegwa » African Feminist Forum |url=http://www.africanfeministforum.com/christine-butegwa/ |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=African Feminist Forum |language=en-US}}</ref> Ye muwandiisi w'akatabo akayitibwa,<ref>http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n2007208393/</ref> "The Mighty Angwech and More: Female Legends from Ugandan folklore".<ref>https://www.amazon.com/Christine-Butegwa/e/B085QD58VY?ref=dbs_a_mng_rwt_scns_share</ref> Christine interior designer era yali dayirekita wa Rukundo Design Décor.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Uganda: 'I Was Bored, I Decided to Follow My Dream' |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201509220943.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20160523065014/http://allafrica.com/stories/201509220943.html |archive-date=2016-05-23 |access-date=2026-08-05 |work=allAfrica.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>http://dailymonitoruganda.blogspot.com/2016/01/decor-helping-your-tv-blend-in.html</ref> Mu 2002, yali omu ku bateesiteesi ba vidiyo, "A Tale of Ten Years: The Experience of Women and Gender Studies, [[Makerere University, Uganda|Makerere University]] ne Murerwa Rian".<ref>{{Cite web |title=A tale of ten years : the experience of the Department of Women and Gender Studies, Makerere University {{!}} WorldCat.org |url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/53286910 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=search.worldcat.org |language=en}}</ref> Mu biseera bino ye mutandisi ne CEO wa Jabali Consulting Ltd, ekitongole kya pan African gender and development consulting ekisangibwa mu Kampala, Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.jabaliconsulting.com/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-04-08 |archive-date=2023-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230807102040/https://www.jabaliconsulting.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Obumanyirivu bwe mu mirimu == Yakola ne [[Akina Maama wa Afrika|Akina Mama wa Afrika]] (AMwA) nga Africa Regional Coordinator.<ref name=":0"/><ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1285936</ref> Oluvanyuma yaweereza nga acting executive director at AMwA.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mujuzi |first=Huzaima |last2=Siya |first2=Aggrey |last3=Wambi |first3=Rogers |date=2023-09-27 |title=Infectious vaginitis among women seeking reproductive health services at a sexual and reproductive health facility in Kampala, Uganda |url=https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3108068/v1 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Yaweerezako nga Gender, Rights and Advocacy Advisor ku [[International Planned Parenthood Federation]] (IPPF) Africa Regional Office esangibwa mu Nairobi, Kenya.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://preventgbvafrica.org/about-the-network/our-network/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |archive-date=2023-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127052813/https://preventgbvafrica.org/about-the-network/our-network/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yaweebwa omulimu ku African Women's Development and Communication Network ([[FEMNET]]).<ref>https://genderit.org/feminist-talk/23-september-2005-gender-and-internet-governance-african-context</ref> Ebitundu bye eby'enkizo byali ku ddembe ly'abakyala, ekikula ky'abantu n'enkulaakulana, n'eby'empuliziganya.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/awli-resource-persons/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |archive-date=2024-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408132207/https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/awli-resource-persons/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-07 |title=‘1,500 mothers die every day during child birth’ |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/healthy-living/-1-500-mothers-die-every-day-during-child-birth--1475432 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Nga ali ku AMwA, ye, ku lw'ekitongole, yali ku ludda oluvuganya omukago gwa Uganda ogwa Anti gay bill of Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |last=independent |first=The |date=2009-11-10 |title=Anti-gay bill opens a Pandora's Box |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/anti-gay-bill-opens-pandoras-box/ |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=The Independent Uganda: |language=en-US}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[International Planned Parenthood Federation]] * [[FEMNET]] * [[Akina Maama wa Afrika|Akina Mama wa Afrika]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wa bweru wa Wikipediya == * [https://unidir.org/publication/gender-perspectives-arms-control-and-disarmament-views-africa Gender Perspectives in Arms Control and Disarmament: Views from Africa] * https://web.archive.org/web/20210617051616/https://fahamubooks.org/book/?GCOI=90638100278600&fa=author&person_id=54 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191126010911/https://www.ippf.org/ Website of International Planned Parenthood Federation] * [https://femnet.org/ Website of African Women's Development and Communication Network] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240418090836/https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/ Website of Akina Mama wa Afrika] [[Category:Bannayuganda abakazi abawandiisi eb'ekyasa kyabirimwekimu]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abalwanirizi b'eddembe ly'abakyala]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] achluwwgd64o2mwqpocc09pr6m5tkop 66902 66901 2026-08-05T22:11:24Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations and spellings 66902 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christine Butegwa''' mulwanirizi wa ddembe, muwandiisi, mutandisi w'amirimu, era omulwanirizi w'ekikula ky'abantu n'enkulaakulana asangibwa mu Uganda.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2016-03-23 |title=Christine Butegwa » African Feminist Forum |url=http://www.africanfeministforum.com/christine-butegwa/ |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=African Feminist Forum |language=en-US}}</ref> Ye muwandiisi w'akatabo akayitibwa,<ref>http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n2007208393/</ref> "The Mighty Angwech and More: Female Legends from Ugandan folklore".<ref>https://www.amazon.com/Christine-Butegwa/e/B085QD58VY?ref=dbs_a_mng_rwt_scns_share</ref> Christine interior designer era yali dayirekita wa Rukundo Design Décor.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Uganda: 'I Was Bored, I Decided to Follow My Dream' |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201509220943.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20160523065014/http://allafrica.com/stories/201509220943.html |archive-date=2016-05-23 |access-date=2026-08-05 |work=allAfrica.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>http://dailymonitoruganda.blogspot.com/2016/01/decor-helping-your-tv-blend-in.html</ref> Mu 2002, yali omu ku bateesiteesi ba vidiyo, "A Tale of Ten Years: The Experience of Women and Gender Studies, [[Makerere University, Uganda|Makerere University]] ne Murerwa Rian".<ref>{{Cite web |title=A tale of ten years : the experience of the Department of Women and Gender Studies, Makerere University {{!}} WorldCat.org |url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/53286910 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=search.worldcat.org |language=en}}</ref> Mu biseera bino ye mutandisi ne CEO wa Jabali Consulting Ltd, ekitongole kya pan African gender and development consulting ekisangibwa mu Kampala, Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.jabaliconsulting.com/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-04-08 |archive-date=2023-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230807102040/https://www.jabaliconsulting.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Obumanyirivu bwe mu mirimu == Yakola ne [[Akina Maama wa Afrika|Akina Mama wa Afrika]] (AMwA) nga Africa Regional Coordinator.<ref name=":0"/><ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1285936</ref> Oluvanyuma yaweereza nga acting executive director at AMwA.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mujuzi |first=Huzaima |last2=Siya |first2=Aggrey |last3=Wambi |first3=Rogers |date=2023-09-27 |title=Infectious vaginitis among women seeking reproductive health services at a sexual and reproductive health facility in Kampala, Uganda |url=https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3108068/v1 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Yaweerezako nga Gender, Rights and Advocacy Advisor ku [[International Planned Parenthood Federation]] (IPPF) Africa Regional Office esangibwa mu Nairobi, Kenya.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://preventgbvafrica.org/about-the-network/our-network/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |archive-date=2023-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127052813/https://preventgbvafrica.org/about-the-network/our-network/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yaweebwa omulimu ku African Women's Development and Communication Network ([[FEMNET]]).<ref>https://genderit.org/feminist-talk/23-september-2005-gender-and-internet-governance-african-context</ref> Ebitundu bye eby'enkizo byali ku ddembe ly'abakyala, ekikula ky'abantu n'enkulaakulana, n'eby'empuliziganya.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/awli-resource-persons/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |archive-date=2024-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408132207/https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/awli-resource-persons/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-07 |title=‘1,500 mothers die every day during child birth’ |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/healthy-living/-1-500-mothers-die-every-day-during-child-birth--1475432 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Bwe yali ku AMwA, ku lw'ekitongole, yali ku ludda oluwakanya ekiteeso ky'okugoba ebisiyaga mu Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |last=independent |first=The |date=2009-11-10 |title=Anti-gay bill opens a Pandora's Box |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/anti-gay-bill-opens-pandoras-box/ |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=The Independent Uganda: |language=en-US}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[International Planned Parenthood Federation]] * [[FEMNET]] * [[Akina Maama wa Afrika|Akina Mama wa Afrika]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wa bweru wa Wikipediya == * [https://unidir.org/publication/gender-perspectives-arms-control-and-disarmament-views-africa Gender Perspectives in Arms Control and Disarmament: Views from Africa] * https://web.archive.org/web/20210617051616/https://fahamubooks.org/book/?GCOI=90638100278600&fa=author&person_id=54 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191126010911/https://www.ippf.org/ Website of International Planned Parenthood Federation] * [https://femnet.org/ Website of African Women's Development and Communication Network] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240418090836/https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/ Website of Akina Mama wa Afrika] [[Category:Bannayuganda abakazi abawandiisi eb'ekyasa kyabirimwekimu]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abalwanirizi b'eddembe ly'abakyala]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] 850rkeco58gi5wdbcdjvbljeqe3n7z3 0 10609 66861 61739 2026-08-05T20:31:34Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations and spellings 66861 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christine Ayo Achen''' amanyiddwa nga '''Achen Christine Ayo,''' (yazaalibwa nga 7 Ogwomusanvu 1983) Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era omuddukanya w'emirimu.<ref name=":0">https://web.archive.org/web/20210803115357/https://nrm.co.ug/staff/achen-christine-ayo/</ref> Ye mubaka omukyala akiikirira disitulikitti ya [[:en:Alebtong|Alebtong]] mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekumi.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20221017101723/https://ugandalawlibrary.net/judgments/view/78GQ4SogNkaVW1ImD5g/achen-christine-ayo-vs-abongo-o-elizabeth-election-petition-appeal-no-0058-of-2016</ref> Ali mu kibiina eky'ebyobufuzi ekifuga ekya [./Https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Resistance_Movement National Resistance Movement].<ref name=":0" /> Era ye yali omubaka wa Paalamenti omukyaala eyesimbawo mu kiseera kya 2021–2026 mu [[:en:Alebtong|Alebtong]].<ref>http://www.ugandadecides.com/aspirant.php?profile=1984</ref> == Emisomo == Christine alina dipulooma mu development studies okuva mu ttendekero kya Nzamizi Training Institute of social development.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/achen-christine/ |access-date=2024-04-14 |archive-date=2021-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127051003/https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/achen-christine/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ebyafaayo by'emirimu gye == Mmemba wa Paalamenti mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] okuva mu mwaka gwa 2016 okutuusa kati.<ref name=":1"/> Aweereza mu buvunaanyizibwa obulala nga mmemba w'akakiiko ka Gender Labour and Social Development ne PAC local government mu Paalamenti ya Uganda.<ref name=":1" /> Mmemba wa Uganda Women Parliamentary Association eya Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekumi.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210418030533/http://uwopa.or.ug/content/members-uwopa-10th-parliament</ref> Mu maaso g'okulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021, yalina amavuganya ku ntebe y'omubaka omukyaala owa Disitulikitti ye Alebtong mu Paalamenti, Ms Barbra Akech.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://tndnewsug.com/2020/01/11/akech-spare-tyre-warming-up-to-replace-mute-alebtong-woman-mp/ |access-date=2024-04-14 |archive-date=2021-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305012420/https://tndnewsug.com/2020/01/11/akech-spare-tyre-warming-up-to-replace-mute-alebtong-woman-mp/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yali omu ku babaka ba Paalamenti abalonda nga bawagira eri okusoma kwa Constitution Amendment Bill omulundi ogw'okubiri mu mwaka gwa 2017.<ref>http://parliamentwatch.ug/how-mps-voted-on-the-second-reading-of-the-constitution-amendment-bill/</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/where-your-mp-stands-on-age-limit-debate-1718482</ref><ref>https://observer.ug/news/headlines/56437-age-limit-how-your-mp-voted</ref><ref>https://nilepost.co.ug/2017/12/21/parliament-approves-removal-of-presidential-age-limits-term-limits-reinstated/</ref> == Obulamu bwe == Mufumbo.<ref name=":0"/> Wa nzikiriza ya ki Kristaayo.<ref name=":1"/> == Laba na bino == * [[:en:List_of_members_of_the_tenth_Parliament_of_Uganda|Olukalala lwa ba mmemba ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekumi]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] * [[:en:Alebtong_District|Disitulikitti ya Alebtong]] * [./Https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Resistance_Movement National Resistance Movement] == Ebijukiziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wa bweru wa Wikipediya == * [https://twitter.com/christineachena?lang=en Achen Christine Ayo ku Twitter] * [https://www.facebook.com/Achen-Christine-Ayo-805191792966373/ Achen Christine Ayo ku Facebook] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] 73zt7ggn8o1zg8c3tnqzvy3ebd1h01y 66862 66861 2026-08-05T20:32:01Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations and spellings 66862 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christine Ayo Achen''' amanyiddwa nga '''Achen Christine Ayo,''' (yazaalibwa nga 7 Ogwomusanvu 1983) Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era omuddukanya w'emirimu.<ref name=":0">https://web.archive.org/web/20210803115357/https://nrm.co.ug/staff/achen-christine-ayo/</ref> Ye mubaka omukyala akiikirira disitulikitti ya [[:en:Alebtong|Alebtong]] mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20221017101723/https://ugandalawlibrary.net/judgments/view/78GQ4SogNkaVW1ImD5g/achen-christine-ayo-vs-abongo-o-elizabeth-election-petition-appeal-no-0058-of-2016</ref> Ali mu kibiina eky'ebyobufuzi ekifuga ekya [./Https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Resistance_Movement National Resistance Movement].<ref name=":0" /> Era ye yali omubaka wa Paalamenti omukyaala eyesimbawo mu kiseera kya 2021–2026 mu [[:en:Alebtong|Alebtong]].<ref>http://www.ugandadecides.com/aspirant.php?profile=1984</ref> == Emisomo == Christine alina dipulooma mu development studies okuva mu ttendekero kya Nzamizi Training Institute of social development.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/achen-christine/ |access-date=2024-04-14 |archive-date=2021-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127051003/https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/achen-christine/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ebyafaayo by'emirimu gye == Mmemba wa Paalamenti mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] okuva mu mwaka gwa 2016 okutuusa kati.<ref name=":1"/> Aweereza mu buvunaanyizibwa obulala nga mmemba w'akakiiko ka Gender Labour and Social Development ne PAC local government mu Paalamenti ya Uganda.<ref name=":1" /> Mmemba wa Uganda Women Parliamentary Association eya Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekumi.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210418030533/http://uwopa.or.ug/content/members-uwopa-10th-parliament</ref> Mu maaso g'okulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021, yalina amavuganya ku ntebe y'omubaka omukyaala owa Disitulikitti ye Alebtong mu Paalamenti, Ms Barbra Akech.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://tndnewsug.com/2020/01/11/akech-spare-tyre-warming-up-to-replace-mute-alebtong-woman-mp/ |access-date=2024-04-14 |archive-date=2021-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305012420/https://tndnewsug.com/2020/01/11/akech-spare-tyre-warming-up-to-replace-mute-alebtong-woman-mp/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yali omu ku babaka ba Paalamenti abalonda nga bawagira eri okusoma kwa Constitution Amendment Bill omulundi ogw'okubiri mu mwaka gwa 2017.<ref>http://parliamentwatch.ug/how-mps-voted-on-the-second-reading-of-the-constitution-amendment-bill/</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/where-your-mp-stands-on-age-limit-debate-1718482</ref><ref>https://observer.ug/news/headlines/56437-age-limit-how-your-mp-voted</ref><ref>https://nilepost.co.ug/2017/12/21/parliament-approves-removal-of-presidential-age-limits-term-limits-reinstated/</ref> == Obulamu bwe == Mufumbo.<ref name=":0"/> Wa nzikiriza ya ki Kristaayo.<ref name=":1"/> == Laba na bino == * [[:en:List_of_members_of_the_tenth_Parliament_of_Uganda|Olukalala lwa ba mmemba ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekumi]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] * [[:en:Alebtong_District|Disitulikitti ya Alebtong]] * [./Https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Resistance_Movement National Resistance Movement] == Ebijukiziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wa bweru wa Wikipediya == * [https://twitter.com/christineachena?lang=en Achen Christine Ayo ku Twitter] * [https://www.facebook.com/Achen-Christine-Ayo-805191792966373/ Achen Christine Ayo ku Facebook] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] exfmiewkmfvjiv05e5ie51cv1aplcwc 66863 66862 2026-08-05T20:34:46Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations and spellings 66863 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christine Ayo Achen''' amanyiddwa nga '''Achen Christine Ayo,''' (yazaalibwa nga 7 Ogwomusanvu 1983) Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era omuddukanya w'emirimu.<ref name=":0">https://web.archive.org/web/20210803115357/https://nrm.co.ug/staff/achen-christine-ayo/</ref> Ye mubaka omukyala akiikirira disitulikitti ya [[:en:Alebtong|Alebtong]] mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20221017101723/https://ugandalawlibrary.net/judgments/view/78GQ4SogNkaVW1ImD5g/achen-christine-ayo-vs-abongo-o-elizabeth-election-petition-appeal-no-0058-of-2016</ref> Ali mu kibiina eky'ebyobufuzi ekifuga ekya National Resistance Movement.<ref name=":0" /> Era ye yali omubaka wa Palamenti omukyala eyeesimbawo mu kiseera kya 2021–2026 mu [[:en:Alebtong|Alebtong]].<ref>http://www.ugandadecides.com/aspirant.php?profile=1984</ref> == Okusoma kwe == Christine alina dipulooma mu development studies okuva mu ttendekero kya Nzamizi Training Institute of social development.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/achen-christine/ |access-date=2024-04-14 |archive-date=2021-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127051003/https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/achen-christine/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ebyafaayo by'emirimu gye == Mmemba wa Paalamenti mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] okuva mu mwaka gwa 2016 okutuusa kati.<ref name=":1"/> Aweereza mu buvunaanyizibwa obulala nga mmemba w'akakiiko ka Gender Labour and Social Development ne PAC local government mu Paalamenti ya Uganda.<ref name=":1" /> Mmemba wa Uganda Women Parliamentary Association eya Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekumi.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210418030533/http://uwopa.or.ug/content/members-uwopa-10th-parliament</ref> Mu maaso g'okulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021, yalina amavuganya ku ntebe y'omubaka omukyaala owa Disitulikitti ye Alebtong mu Paalamenti, Ms Barbra Akech.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://tndnewsug.com/2020/01/11/akech-spare-tyre-warming-up-to-replace-mute-alebtong-woman-mp/ |access-date=2024-04-14 |archive-date=2021-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305012420/https://tndnewsug.com/2020/01/11/akech-spare-tyre-warming-up-to-replace-mute-alebtong-woman-mp/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yali omu ku babaka ba Paalamenti abalonda nga bawagira eri okusoma kwa Constitution Amendment Bill omulundi ogw'okubiri mu mwaka gwa 2017.<ref>http://parliamentwatch.ug/how-mps-voted-on-the-second-reading-of-the-constitution-amendment-bill/</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/where-your-mp-stands-on-age-limit-debate-1718482</ref><ref>https://observer.ug/news/headlines/56437-age-limit-how-your-mp-voted</ref><ref>https://nilepost.co.ug/2017/12/21/parliament-approves-removal-of-presidential-age-limits-term-limits-reinstated/</ref> == Obulamu bwe == Mufumbo.<ref name=":0"/> Wa nzikiriza ya ki Kristaayo.<ref name=":1"/> == Laba na bino == * [[:en:List_of_members_of_the_tenth_Parliament_of_Uganda|Olukalala lwa ba mmemba ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekumi]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] * [[:en:Alebtong_District|Disitulikitti ya Alebtong]] * [./Https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Resistance_Movement National Resistance Movement] == Ebijukiziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wa bweru wa Wikipediya == * [https://twitter.com/christineachena?lang=en Achen Christine Ayo ku Twitter] * [https://www.facebook.com/Achen-Christine-Ayo-805191792966373/ Achen Christine Ayo ku Facebook] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] p5pr3oa0kcsrybhlawfjlzfm4b9j83j 66864 66863 2026-08-05T20:36:30Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations and spellings and de-wikilinked 66864 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christine Ayo Achen''' amanyiddwa nga '''Achen Christine Ayo,''' (yazaalibwa nga 7 Ogwomusanvu 1983) Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era omuddukanya w'emirimu.<ref name=":0">https://web.archive.org/web/20210803115357/https://nrm.co.ug/staff/achen-christine-ayo/</ref> Ye mubaka omukyala akiikirira disitulikiti y'e[[:en:Alebtong|Alebtong]] mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20221017101723/https://ugandalawlibrary.net/judgments/view/78GQ4SogNkaVW1ImD5g/achen-christine-ayo-vs-abongo-o-elizabeth-election-petition-appeal-no-0058-of-2016</ref> Ali mu kibiina eky'ebyobufuzi ekifuga ekya National Resistance Movement.<ref name=":0" /> Era ye yali omubaka wa Palamenti omukyala eyeesimbawo mu kiseera kya 2021–2026 mu [[:en:Alebtong|Alebtong]].<ref>http://www.ugandadecides.com/aspirant.php?profile=1984</ref> == Okusoma kwe == Christine alina dipulooma mu development studies okuva mu ttendekero kya Nzamizi Training Institute in social development.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/achen-christine/ |access-date=2024-04-14 |archive-date=2021-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127051003/https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/achen-christine/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ebyafaayo by'emirimu gye == Mmemba wa Paalamenti mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] okuva mu mwaka gwa 2016 okutuusa kati.<ref name=":1"/> Aweereza mu buvunaanyizibwa obulala nga mmemba w'akakiiko ka Gender Labour and Social Development ne PAC local government mu Paalamenti ya Uganda.<ref name=":1" /> Mmemba wa Uganda Women Parliamentary Association eya Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekumi.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210418030533/http://uwopa.or.ug/content/members-uwopa-10th-parliament</ref> Mu maaso g'okulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021, yalina amavuganya ku ntebe y'omubaka omukyaala owa Disitulikitti ye Alebtong mu Paalamenti, Ms Barbra Akech.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://tndnewsug.com/2020/01/11/akech-spare-tyre-warming-up-to-replace-mute-alebtong-woman-mp/ |access-date=2024-04-14 |archive-date=2021-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305012420/https://tndnewsug.com/2020/01/11/akech-spare-tyre-warming-up-to-replace-mute-alebtong-woman-mp/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yali omu ku babaka ba Paalamenti abalonda nga bawagira eri okusoma kwa Constitution Amendment Bill omulundi ogw'okubiri mu mwaka gwa 2017.<ref>http://parliamentwatch.ug/how-mps-voted-on-the-second-reading-of-the-constitution-amendment-bill/</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/where-your-mp-stands-on-age-limit-debate-1718482</ref><ref>https://observer.ug/news/headlines/56437-age-limit-how-your-mp-voted</ref><ref>https://nilepost.co.ug/2017/12/21/parliament-approves-removal-of-presidential-age-limits-term-limits-reinstated/</ref> == Obulamu bwe == Mufumbo.<ref name=":0"/> Wa nzikiriza ya ki Kristaayo.<ref name=":1"/> == Laba na bino == * [[:en:List_of_members_of_the_tenth_Parliament_of_Uganda|Olukalala lwa ba mmemba ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekumi]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] * [[:en:Alebtong_District|Disitulikitti ya Alebtong]] * [./Https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Resistance_Movement National Resistance Movement] == Ebijukiziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wa bweru wa Wikipediya == * [https://twitter.com/christineachena?lang=en Achen Christine Ayo ku Twitter] * [https://www.facebook.com/Achen-Christine-Ayo-805191792966373/ Achen Christine Ayo ku Facebook] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] 8673cg825rzflwqv446y9yoatz1dkxc 66865 66864 2026-08-05T20:37:55Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations and spellings 66865 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christine Ayo Achen''' amanyiddwa nga '''Achen Christine Ayo,''' (yazaalibwa nga 7 Ogwomusanvu 1983) Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era omuddukanya w'emirimu.<ref name=":0">https://web.archive.org/web/20210803115357/https://nrm.co.ug/staff/achen-christine-ayo/</ref> Ye mubaka omukyala akiikirira disitulikiti y'e[[:en:Alebtong|Alebtong]] mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20221017101723/https://ugandalawlibrary.net/judgments/view/78GQ4SogNkaVW1ImD5g/achen-christine-ayo-vs-abongo-o-elizabeth-election-petition-appeal-no-0058-of-2016</ref> Ali mu kibiina eky'ebyobufuzi ekifuga ekya National Resistance Movement.<ref name=":0" /> Era ye yali omubaka wa Palamenti omukyala eyeesimbawo mu kiseera kya 2021–2026 mu [[:en:Alebtong|Alebtong]].<ref>http://www.ugandadecides.com/aspirant.php?profile=1984</ref> == Okusoma kwe == Christine alina dipulooma mu ssomo lya development studies okuva mu ttendekero lya Nzamizi Training Institute in social development.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/achen-christine/ |access-date=2024-04-14 |archive-date=2021-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127051003/https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/achen-christine/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ebyafaayo by'emirimu gye == Mmemba wa Paalamenti mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] okuva mu mwaka gwa 2016 okutuusa kati.<ref name=":1"/> Aweereza mu buvunaanyizibwa obulala nga mmemba w'akakiiko ka Gender Labour and Social Development ne PAC local government mu Paalamenti ya Uganda.<ref name=":1" /> Mmemba wa Uganda Women Parliamentary Association eya Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekumi.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210418030533/http://uwopa.or.ug/content/members-uwopa-10th-parliament</ref> Mu maaso g'okulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021, yalina amavuganya ku ntebe y'omubaka omukyaala owa Disitulikitti ye Alebtong mu Paalamenti, Ms Barbra Akech.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://tndnewsug.com/2020/01/11/akech-spare-tyre-warming-up-to-replace-mute-alebtong-woman-mp/ |access-date=2024-04-14 |archive-date=2021-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305012420/https://tndnewsug.com/2020/01/11/akech-spare-tyre-warming-up-to-replace-mute-alebtong-woman-mp/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yali omu ku babaka ba Paalamenti abalonda nga bawagira eri okusoma kwa Constitution Amendment Bill omulundi ogw'okubiri mu mwaka gwa 2017.<ref>http://parliamentwatch.ug/how-mps-voted-on-the-second-reading-of-the-constitution-amendment-bill/</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/where-your-mp-stands-on-age-limit-debate-1718482</ref><ref>https://observer.ug/news/headlines/56437-age-limit-how-your-mp-voted</ref><ref>https://nilepost.co.ug/2017/12/21/parliament-approves-removal-of-presidential-age-limits-term-limits-reinstated/</ref> == Obulamu bwe == Mufumbo.<ref name=":0"/> Wa nzikiriza ya ki Kristaayo.<ref name=":1"/> == Laba na bino == * [[:en:List_of_members_of_the_tenth_Parliament_of_Uganda|Olukalala lwa ba mmemba ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekumi]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] * [[:en:Alebtong_District|Disitulikitti ya Alebtong]] * [./Https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Resistance_Movement National Resistance Movement] == Ebijukiziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wa bweru wa Wikipediya == * [https://twitter.com/christineachena?lang=en Achen Christine Ayo ku Twitter] * [https://www.facebook.com/Achen-Christine-Ayo-805191792966373/ Achen Christine Ayo ku Facebook] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] a8wqmhdq38e8zl49g3yxu59we16bsow 66866 66865 2026-08-05T20:41:03Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations and spellings 66866 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christine Ayo Achen''' amanyiddwa nga '''Achen Christine Ayo,''' (yazaalibwa nga 7 Ogwomusanvu 1983) Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era omuddukanya w'emirimu.<ref name=":0">https://web.archive.org/web/20210803115357/https://nrm.co.ug/staff/achen-christine-ayo/</ref> Ye mubaka omukyala akiikirira disitulikiti y'e [[:en:Alebtong|Alebtong]] mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20221017101723/https://ugandalawlibrary.net/judgments/view/78GQ4SogNkaVW1ImD5g/achen-christine-ayo-vs-abongo-o-elizabeth-election-petition-appeal-no-0058-of-2016</ref> Ali mu kibiina eky'ebyobufuzi ekifuga ekya National Resistance Movement.<ref name=":0" /> Era ye yali omubaka wa Palamenti omukyala eyeesimbawo mu kiseera kya 2021–2026 mu [[:en:Alebtong|Alebtong]].<ref>http://www.ugandadecides.com/aspirant.php?profile=1984</ref> == Okusoma kwe == Christine alina dipulooma mu ssomo lya development studies okuva mu ttendekero lya Nzamizi Training Institute in social development.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/achen-christine/ |access-date=2024-04-14 |archive-date=2021-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127051003/https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/achen-christine/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ebyafaayo by'emirimu gye == Mmemba wa Palamenti mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] okuva mu 2016 okutuuka kati.<ref name=":1"/> Aweereza mu buvunaanyizibwa obulala nga mmemba w'akakiiko ka Gender Labour and Social Development ne PAC local government mu Palamenti ya Uganda.<ref name=":1" /> Mmemba wa Uganda Women Parliamentary Association eya Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210418030533/http://uwopa.or.ug/content/members-uwopa-10th-parliament</ref> Okulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021 nga tekunnatuuka, yalina amavuganya ku ntebe y'omubaka omukyala owa Disitulikiti y'e Alebtong mu Palamenti, Ms Barbra Akech.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://tndnewsug.com/2020/01/11/akech-spare-tyre-warming-up-to-replace-mute-alebtong-woman-mp/ |access-date=2024-04-14 |archive-date=2021-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305012420/https://tndnewsug.com/2020/01/11/akech-spare-tyre-warming-up-to-replace-mute-alebtong-woman-mp/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yali omu ku babaka ba Paalamenti abalonda nga bawagira eri okusoma kwa Constitution Amendment Bill omulundi ogw'okubiri mu mwaka gwa 2017.<ref>http://parliamentwatch.ug/how-mps-voted-on-the-second-reading-of-the-constitution-amendment-bill/</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/where-your-mp-stands-on-age-limit-debate-1718482</ref><ref>https://observer.ug/news/headlines/56437-age-limit-how-your-mp-voted</ref><ref>https://nilepost.co.ug/2017/12/21/parliament-approves-removal-of-presidential-age-limits-term-limits-reinstated/</ref> == Obulamu bwe == Mufumbo.<ref name=":0"/> Wa nzikiriza ya ki Kristaayo.<ref name=":1"/> == Laba na bino == * [[:en:List_of_members_of_the_tenth_Parliament_of_Uganda|Olukalala lwa ba mmemba ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekumi]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] * [[:en:Alebtong_District|Disitulikitti ya Alebtong]] * [./Https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Resistance_Movement National Resistance Movement] == Ebijukiziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wa bweru wa Wikipediya == * [https://twitter.com/christineachena?lang=en Achen Christine Ayo ku Twitter] * [https://www.facebook.com/Achen-Christine-Ayo-805191792966373/ Achen Christine Ayo ku Facebook] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] qerwgi07kb0es9101h7ewvhhjq9c4k1 66867 66866 2026-08-05T20:43:34Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations and spellings 66867 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christine Ayo Achen''' amanyiddwa nga '''Achen Christine Ayo,''' (yazaalibwa nga 7 Ogwomusanvu 1983) Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era omuddukanya w'emirimu.<ref name=":0">https://web.archive.org/web/20210803115357/https://nrm.co.ug/staff/achen-christine-ayo/</ref> Ye mubaka omukyala akiikirira disitulikiti y'e [[:en:Alebtong|Alebtong]] mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20221017101723/https://ugandalawlibrary.net/judgments/view/78GQ4SogNkaVW1ImD5g/achen-christine-ayo-vs-abongo-o-elizabeth-election-petition-appeal-no-0058-of-2016</ref> Ali mu kibiina eky'ebyobufuzi ekifuga ekya National Resistance Movement.<ref name=":0" /> Era ye yali omubaka wa Palamenti omukyala eyeesimbawo mu kiseera kya 2021–2026 mu [[:en:Alebtong|Alebtong]].<ref>http://www.ugandadecides.com/aspirant.php?profile=1984</ref> == Okusoma kwe == Christine alina dipulooma mu ssomo lya development studies okuva mu ttendekero lya Nzamizi Training Institute in social development.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/achen-christine/ |access-date=2024-04-14 |archive-date=2021-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127051003/https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/achen-christine/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ebyafaayo by'emirimu gye == Mmemba wa Palamenti mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] okuva mu 2016 okutuuka kati.<ref name=":1"/> Aweereza mu buvunaanyizibwa obulala nga mmemba w'akakiiko ka Gender Labour and Social Development ne PAC local government mu Palamenti ya Uganda.<ref name=":1" /> Mmemba wa Uganda Women Parliamentary Association eya Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210418030533/http://uwopa.or.ug/content/members-uwopa-10th-parliament</ref> Okulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021 nga tekunnatuuka, yalina amavuganya ku ntebe y'omubaka omukyala owa Disitulikiti y'e Alebtong mu Palamenti, Ms Barbra Akech.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://tndnewsug.com/2020/01/11/akech-spare-tyre-warming-up-to-replace-mute-alebtong-woman-mp/ |access-date=2024-04-14 |archive-date=2021-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305012420/https://tndnewsug.com/2020/01/11/akech-spare-tyre-warming-up-to-replace-mute-alebtong-woman-mp/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yali omu ku babaka ba Palamenti abaalonda nga bawagira ekiteeso ky'okukyusa mu Ssemateekal omulundi ogw'okubiri mu 2017.<ref>http://parliamentwatch.ug/how-mps-voted-on-the-second-reading-of-the-constitution-amendment-bill/</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/where-your-mp-stands-on-age-limit-debate-1718482</ref><ref>https://observer.ug/news/headlines/56437-age-limit-how-your-mp-voted</ref><ref>https://nilepost.co.ug/2017/12/21/parliament-approves-removal-of-presidential-age-limits-term-limits-reinstated/</ref> == Obulamu bwe obwomunda == Mufumbo.<ref name=":0"/> Wa nzikiriza ya ki Kulisitaayo.<ref name=":1"/> == Laba na bino == * [[:en:List_of_members_of_the_tenth_Parliament_of_Uganda|Olukalala lwa ba mmemba ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekumi]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] * [[:en:Alebtong_District|Disitulikitti ya Alebtong]] * [./Https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Resistance_Movement National Resistance Movement] == Ebijukiziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wa bweru wa Wikipediya == * [https://twitter.com/christineachena?lang=en Achen Christine Ayo ku Twitter] * [https://www.facebook.com/Achen-Christine-Ayo-805191792966373/ Achen Christine Ayo ku Facebook] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] af8bjp8jibocgzm4a5gik4owtfkqgwy 66868 66867 2026-08-05T20:47:40Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations and spellings 66868 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christine Ayo Achen''' amanyiddwa nga '''Achen Christine Ayo,''' (yazaalibwa nga 7 Ogwomusanvu 1983) Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era omuddukanya w'emirimu.<ref name=":0">https://web.archive.org/web/20210803115357/https://nrm.co.ug/staff/achen-christine-ayo/</ref> Ye mubaka omukyala akiikirira disitulikiti y'e [[:en:Alebtong|Alebtong]] mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20221017101723/https://ugandalawlibrary.net/judgments/view/78GQ4SogNkaVW1ImD5g/achen-christine-ayo-vs-abongo-o-elizabeth-election-petition-appeal-no-0058-of-2016</ref> Ali mu kibiina eky'ebyobufuzi ekifuga ekya National Resistance Movement.<ref name=":0" /> Era ye yali omubaka wa Palamenti omukyala eyeesimbawo mu kiseera kya 2021–2026 mu [[:en:Alebtong|Alebtong]].<ref>http://www.ugandadecides.com/aspirant.php?profile=1984</ref> == Okusoma kwe == Christine alina dipulooma mu ssomo lya development studies okuva mu ttendekero lya Nzamizi Training Institute in social development.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/achen-christine/ |access-date=2024-04-14 |archive-date=2021-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127051003/https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/achen-christine/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ebyafaayo by'emirimu gye == Mmemba wa Palamenti mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] okuva mu 2016 okutuuka kati.<ref name=":1"/> Aweereza mu buvunaanyizibwa obulala nga mmemba w'akakiiko ka Gender Labour and Social Development ne PAC local government mu Palamenti ya Uganda.<ref name=":1" /> Mmemba wa Uganda Women Parliamentary Association eya Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210418030533/http://uwopa.or.ug/content/members-uwopa-10th-parliament</ref> Okulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021 nga tekunnatuuka, yalina amavuganya ku ntebe y'omubaka omukyala owa Disitulikiti y'e Alebtong mu Palamenti, Ms Barbra Akech.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://tndnewsug.com/2020/01/11/akech-spare-tyre-warming-up-to-replace-mute-alebtong-woman-mp/ |access-date=2024-04-14 |archive-date=2021-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305012420/https://tndnewsug.com/2020/01/11/akech-spare-tyre-warming-up-to-replace-mute-alebtong-woman-mp/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yali omu ku babaka ba Palamenti abaalonda nga bawagira ekiteeso ky'okukyusa mu Ssemateekal omulundi ogw'okubiri mu 2017.<ref>http://parliamentwatch.ug/how-mps-voted-on-the-second-reading-of-the-constitution-amendment-bill/</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/where-your-mp-stands-on-age-limit-debate-1718482</ref><ref>https://observer.ug/news/headlines/56437-age-limit-how-your-mp-voted</ref><ref>https://nilepost.co.ug/2017/12/21/parliament-approves-removal-of-presidential-age-limits-term-limits-reinstated/</ref> == Obulamu bwe obwomunda == Mufumbo.<ref name=":0"/> Wa nzikiriza ya ki Kulisitaayo.<ref name=":1"/> == Laba na binok == * [[Olukalala lwa bammemba ba Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] * [[Palamenti ya Uganda]] * [[Disitulikiti y'e Alebtong]] * [[National Resistance Movement]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wa bweru wa Wikipediya == * [https://twitter.com/christineachena?lang=en Achen Christine Ayo ku Twitter] * [https://www.facebook.com/Achen-Christine-Ayo-805191792966373/ Achen Christine Ayo ku Facebook] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] i2fyf35nrwgvtmrmkez2mphms5fynsy 66870 66868 2026-08-05T21:08:14Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations and spellings 66870 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christine Ayo Achen''' amanyiddwa nga '''Achen Christine Ayo,''' (yazaalibwa nga 7 Ogwomusanvu 1983) Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era omuddukanya w'emirimu.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=ACHEN CHRISTINE AYO - NRM - NETTECH RELIABLE MEDIA |url=https://nrm.co.ug/staff/achen-christine-ayo/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803115357/https://nrm.co.ug/staff/achen-christine-ayo/ |archive-date=2021-08-03 |access-date=2026-08-05 |work=NRM - NETTECH RELIABLE MEDIA |language=en-US}}</ref> Ye mubaka omukyala akiikirira disitulikiti y'e [[:en:Alebtong|Alebtong]] mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Achen Christine Ayo vs Abongo O. Elizabeth Election Petition Appeal No. 0058 of 2016 - Election Petition Appeal No. 0058 of 2016 - Uganda Online Law Library |url=https://ugandalawlibrary.net/judgments/view/78GQ4SogNkaVW1ImD5g/achen-christine-ayo-vs-abongo-o-elizabeth-election-petition-appeal-no-0058-of-2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017101723/https://ugandalawlibrary.net/judgments/view/78GQ4SogNkaVW1ImD5g/achen-christine-ayo-vs-abongo-o-elizabeth-election-petition-appeal-no-0058-of-2016 |archive-date=2022-10-17 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=ugandalawlibrary.net |language=en}}</ref> Ali mu kibiina eky'ebyobufuzi ekifuga ekya National Resistance Movement.<ref name=":0" /> Era ye yali omubaka wa Palamenti omukyala eyeesimbawo mu kiseera kya 2021–2026 mu [[:en:Alebtong|Alebtong]].<ref>http://www.ugandadecides.com/aspirant.php?profile=1984</ref> == Okusoma kwe == Christine alina dipulooma mu ssomo lya development studies okuva mu ttendekero lya Nzamizi Training Institute in social development.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/achen-christine/ |access-date=2024-04-14 |archive-date=2021-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127051003/https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/achen-christine/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ebyafaayo by'emirimu gye == Mmemba wa Palamenti mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] okuva mu 2016 okutuuka kati.<ref name=":1"/> Aweereza mu buvunaanyizibwa obulala nga mmemba w'akakiiko ka Gender Labour and Social Development ne PAC local government mu Palamenti ya Uganda.<ref name=":1" /> Mmemba wa Uganda Women Parliamentary Association eya Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of UWOPA of 10th Parliament {{!}} Uganda Women Parliamentary Association |url=http://uwopa.or.ug/content/members-uwopa-10th-parliament |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418030533/http://uwopa.or.ug/content/members-uwopa-10th-parliament |archive-date=2021-04-18 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=uwopa.or.ug |language=en}}</ref> Okulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021 nga tekunnatuuka, yalina amavuganya ku ntebe y'omubaka omukyala owa Disitulikiti y'e Alebtong mu Palamenti, Ms Barbra Akech.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://tndnewsug.com/2020/01/11/akech-spare-tyre-warming-up-to-replace-mute-alebtong-woman-mp/ |access-date=2024-04-14 |archive-date=2021-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305012420/https://tndnewsug.com/2020/01/11/akech-spare-tyre-warming-up-to-replace-mute-alebtong-woman-mp/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yali omu ku babaka ba Palamenti abaalonda nga bawagira ekiteeso ky'okukyusa mu Ssemateekal omulundi ogw'okubiri mu 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How MPs voted on the second reading of the Constitution Amendment Bill – Parliament Watch |url=http://parliamentwatch.ug/how-mps-voted-on-the-second-reading-of-the-constitution-amendment-bill/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20201211054333/http://parliamentwatch.ug/how-mps-voted-on-the-second-reading-of-the-constitution-amendment-bill/ |archive-date=2020-12-11 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=parliamentwatch.ug |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-14 |title=Where your MP stands on age limit debate |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/where-your-mp-stands-on-age-limit-debate-1718482 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fideri |first=Kirungi |date=2017-12-20 |title=Age limit: How your MP voted |url=https://observer.ug/news/age-limit-how-your-mp-voted/ |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=The Observer Media Ltd |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Baturo |first=Alexander |date=2019-06-20 |title=<i>Continuismo</i> in Comparison |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837404.003.0005 |publisher=Oxford University PressOxford |isbn=0-19-883740-2 |pages=75–100}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe obwomunda == Mufumbo.<ref name=":0"/> Wa nzikiriza ya ki Kulisitaayo.<ref name=":1"/> == Laba na binok == * [[Olukalala lwa bammemba ba Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] * [[Palamenti ya Uganda]] * [[Disitulikiti y'e Alebtong]] * [[National Resistance Movement]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wa bweru wa Wikipediya == * [https://twitter.com/christineachena?lang=en Achen Christine Ayo ku Twitter] * [https://www.facebook.com/Achen-Christine-Ayo-805191792966373/ Achen Christine Ayo ku Facebook] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] s71wpc2tklzit58cwpxaa3231cfr5lz 66871 66870 2026-08-05T21:13:15Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added categories 66871 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christine Ayo Achen''' amanyiddwa nga '''Achen Christine Ayo,''' (yazaalibwa nga 7 Ogwomusanvu 1983) Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era omuddukanya w'emirimu.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=ACHEN CHRISTINE AYO - NRM - NETTECH RELIABLE MEDIA |url=https://nrm.co.ug/staff/achen-christine-ayo/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803115357/https://nrm.co.ug/staff/achen-christine-ayo/ |archive-date=2021-08-03 |access-date=2026-08-05 |work=NRM - NETTECH RELIABLE MEDIA |language=en-US}}</ref> Ye mubaka omukyala akiikirira disitulikiti y'e [[:en:Alebtong|Alebtong]] mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Achen Christine Ayo vs Abongo O. Elizabeth Election Petition Appeal No. 0058 of 2016 - Election Petition Appeal No. 0058 of 2016 - Uganda Online Law Library |url=https://ugandalawlibrary.net/judgments/view/78GQ4SogNkaVW1ImD5g/achen-christine-ayo-vs-abongo-o-elizabeth-election-petition-appeal-no-0058-of-2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017101723/https://ugandalawlibrary.net/judgments/view/78GQ4SogNkaVW1ImD5g/achen-christine-ayo-vs-abongo-o-elizabeth-election-petition-appeal-no-0058-of-2016 |archive-date=2022-10-17 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=ugandalawlibrary.net |language=en}}</ref> Ali mu kibiina eky'ebyobufuzi ekifuga ekya National Resistance Movement.<ref name=":0" /> Era ye yali omubaka wa Palamenti omukyala eyeesimbawo mu kiseera kya 2021–2026 mu [[:en:Alebtong|Alebtong]].<ref>http://www.ugandadecides.com/aspirant.php?profile=1984</ref> == Okusoma kwe == Christine alina dipulooma mu ssomo lya development studies okuva mu ttendekero lya Nzamizi Training Institute in social development.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/achen-christine/ |access-date=2024-04-14 |archive-date=2021-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127051003/https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/achen-christine/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ebyafaayo by'emirimu gye == Mmemba wa Palamenti mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] okuva mu 2016 okutuuka kati.<ref name=":1"/> Aweereza mu buvunaanyizibwa obulala nga mmemba w'akakiiko ka Gender Labour and Social Development ne PAC local government mu Palamenti ya Uganda.<ref name=":1" /> Mmemba wa Uganda Women Parliamentary Association eya Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of UWOPA of 10th Parliament {{!}} Uganda Women Parliamentary Association |url=http://uwopa.or.ug/content/members-uwopa-10th-parliament |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418030533/http://uwopa.or.ug/content/members-uwopa-10th-parliament |archive-date=2021-04-18 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=uwopa.or.ug |language=en}}</ref> Okulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021 nga tekunnatuuka, yalina amavuganya ku ntebe y'omubaka omukyala owa Disitulikiti y'e Alebtong mu Palamenti, Ms Barbra Akech.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://tndnewsug.com/2020/01/11/akech-spare-tyre-warming-up-to-replace-mute-alebtong-woman-mp/ |access-date=2024-04-14 |archive-date=2021-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305012420/https://tndnewsug.com/2020/01/11/akech-spare-tyre-warming-up-to-replace-mute-alebtong-woman-mp/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yali omu ku babaka ba Palamenti abaalonda nga bawagira ekiteeso ky'okukyusa mu Ssemateekal omulundi ogw'okubiri mu 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How MPs voted on the second reading of the Constitution Amendment Bill – Parliament Watch |url=http://parliamentwatch.ug/how-mps-voted-on-the-second-reading-of-the-constitution-amendment-bill/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20201211054333/http://parliamentwatch.ug/how-mps-voted-on-the-second-reading-of-the-constitution-amendment-bill/ |archive-date=2020-12-11 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=parliamentwatch.ug |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-14 |title=Where your MP stands on age limit debate |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/where-your-mp-stands-on-age-limit-debate-1718482 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fideri |first=Kirungi |date=2017-12-20 |title=Age limit: How your MP voted |url=https://observer.ug/news/age-limit-how-your-mp-voted/ |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=The Observer Media Ltd |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Baturo |first=Alexander |date=2019-06-20 |title=<i>Continuismo</i> in Comparison |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837404.003.0005 |publisher=Oxford University PressOxford |isbn=0-19-883740-2 |pages=75–100}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe obwomunda == Mufumbo.<ref name=":0"/> Wa nzikiriza ya ki Kulisitaayo.<ref name=":1"/> == Laba na binok == * [[Olukalala lwa bammemba ba Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] * [[Palamenti ya Uganda]] * [[Disitulikiti y'e Alebtong]] * [[National Resistance Movement]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wa bweru wa Wikipediya == * [https://twitter.com/christineachena?lang=en Achen Christine Ayo ku Twitter] * [https://www.facebook.com/Achen-Christine-Ayo-805191792966373/ Achen Christine Ayo ku Facebook] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1983]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi ba National Resistance Movement]] [[Category:Ba mmemba palamenti ya Uganda Ey'ekkumi]] [[Category:Ba mmemba ba palamenti ya Uganda abakyala]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Alebtong]] 751zsp4wgplv0oorczm4l7okdiyl8z3 66872 66871 2026-08-05T21:13:52Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations and spellings 66872 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christine Ayo Achen''' amanyiddwa nga '''Achen Christine Ayo,''' (yazaalibwa nga 7 Ogwomusanvu 1983) Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era omuddukanya w'emirimu.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=ACHEN CHRISTINE AYO - NRM - NETTECH RELIABLE MEDIA |url=https://nrm.co.ug/staff/achen-christine-ayo/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803115357/https://nrm.co.ug/staff/achen-christine-ayo/ |archive-date=2021-08-03 |access-date=2026-08-05 |work=NRM - NETTECH RELIABLE MEDIA |language=en-US}}</ref> Ye mubaka omukyala akiikirira disitulikiti y'e [[:en:Alebtong|Alebtong]] mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Achen Christine Ayo vs Abongo O. Elizabeth Election Petition Appeal No. 0058 of 2016 - Election Petition Appeal No. 0058 of 2016 - Uganda Online Law Library |url=https://ugandalawlibrary.net/judgments/view/78GQ4SogNkaVW1ImD5g/achen-christine-ayo-vs-abongo-o-elizabeth-election-petition-appeal-no-0058-of-2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017101723/https://ugandalawlibrary.net/judgments/view/78GQ4SogNkaVW1ImD5g/achen-christine-ayo-vs-abongo-o-elizabeth-election-petition-appeal-no-0058-of-2016 |archive-date=2022-10-17 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=ugandalawlibrary.net |language=en}}</ref> Ali mu kibiina eky'ebyobufuzi ekifuga ekya National Resistance Movement.<ref name=":0" /> Era ye yali omubaka wa Palamenti omukyala eyeesimbawo mu kiseera kya 2021–2026 mu [[:en:Alebtong|Alebtong]].<ref>http://www.ugandadecides.com/aspirant.php?profile=1984</ref> == Okusoma kwe == Christine alina dipulooma mu ssomo lya development studies okuva mu ttendekero lya Nzamizi Training Institute in social development.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/achen-christine/ |access-date=2024-04-14 |archive-date=2021-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127051003/https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/achen-christine/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ebyafaayo by'emirimu gye == Mmemba wa Palamenti mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] okuva mu 2016 okutuuka kati.<ref name=":1"/> Aweereza mu buvunaanyizibwa obulala nga mmemba w'akakiiko ka Gender Labour and Social Development ne PAC local government mu Palamenti ya Uganda.<ref name=":1" /> Mmemba wa Uganda Women Parliamentary Association eya Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of UWOPA of 10th Parliament {{!}} Uganda Women Parliamentary Association |url=http://uwopa.or.ug/content/members-uwopa-10th-parliament |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418030533/http://uwopa.or.ug/content/members-uwopa-10th-parliament |archive-date=2021-04-18 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=uwopa.or.ug |language=en}}</ref> Okulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021 nga tekunnatuuka, yalina amavuganya ku ntebe y'omubaka omukyala owa Disitulikiti y'e Alebtong mu Palamenti, Ms Barbra Akech.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://tndnewsug.com/2020/01/11/akech-spare-tyre-warming-up-to-replace-mute-alebtong-woman-mp/ |access-date=2024-04-14 |archive-date=2021-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305012420/https://tndnewsug.com/2020/01/11/akech-spare-tyre-warming-up-to-replace-mute-alebtong-woman-mp/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yali omu ku babaka ba Palamenti abaalonda nga bawagira ekiteeso ky'okukyusa mu Ssemateekal omulundi ogw'okubiri mu 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How MPs voted on the second reading of the Constitution Amendment Bill – Parliament Watch |url=http://parliamentwatch.ug/how-mps-voted-on-the-second-reading-of-the-constitution-amendment-bill/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20201211054333/http://parliamentwatch.ug/how-mps-voted-on-the-second-reading-of-the-constitution-amendment-bill/ |archive-date=2020-12-11 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=parliamentwatch.ug |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-14 |title=Where your MP stands on age limit debate |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/where-your-mp-stands-on-age-limit-debate-1718482 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fideri |first=Kirungi |date=2017-12-20 |title=Age limit: How your MP voted |url=https://observer.ug/news/age-limit-how-your-mp-voted/ |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=The Observer Media Ltd |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Baturo |first=Alexander |date=2019-06-20 |title=<i>Continuismo</i> in Comparison |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837404.003.0005 |publisher=Oxford University PressOxford |isbn=0-19-883740-2 |pages=75–100}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe obwomunda == Mufumbo.<ref name=":0"/> Wa nzikiriza ya ki Kulisitaayo.<ref name=":1"/> == Laba na binok == * [[Olukalala lwa bammemba ba Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] * [[Palamenti ya Uganda]] * [[Disitulikiti y'e Alebtong]] * [[National Resistance Movement]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa ebweru wa Wikipediya == * [https://twitter.com/christineachena?lang=en Achen Christine Ayo ku Twitter] * [https://www.facebook.com/Achen-Christine-Ayo-805191792966373/ Achen Christine Ayo ku Facebook] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1983]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi ba National Resistance Movement]] [[Category:Ba mmemba palamenti ya Uganda Ey'ekkumi]] [[Category:Ba mmemba ba palamenti ya Uganda abakyala]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Alebtong]] 6kgas5mthln4c2unmolso07jan4a03f 66873 66872 2026-08-05T21:14:45Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added new category 66873 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christine Ayo Achen''' amanyiddwa nga '''Achen Christine Ayo,''' (yazaalibwa nga 7 Ogwomusanvu 1983) Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era omuddukanya w'emirimu.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=ACHEN CHRISTINE AYO - NRM - NETTECH RELIABLE MEDIA |url=https://nrm.co.ug/staff/achen-christine-ayo/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803115357/https://nrm.co.ug/staff/achen-christine-ayo/ |archive-date=2021-08-03 |access-date=2026-08-05 |work=NRM - NETTECH RELIABLE MEDIA |language=en-US}}</ref> Ye mubaka omukyala akiikirira disitulikiti y'e [[:en:Alebtong|Alebtong]] mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Achen Christine Ayo vs Abongo O. Elizabeth Election Petition Appeal No. 0058 of 2016 - Election Petition Appeal No. 0058 of 2016 - Uganda Online Law Library |url=https://ugandalawlibrary.net/judgments/view/78GQ4SogNkaVW1ImD5g/achen-christine-ayo-vs-abongo-o-elizabeth-election-petition-appeal-no-0058-of-2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017101723/https://ugandalawlibrary.net/judgments/view/78GQ4SogNkaVW1ImD5g/achen-christine-ayo-vs-abongo-o-elizabeth-election-petition-appeal-no-0058-of-2016 |archive-date=2022-10-17 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=ugandalawlibrary.net |language=en}}</ref> Ali mu kibiina eky'ebyobufuzi ekifuga ekya National Resistance Movement.<ref name=":0" /> Era ye yali omubaka wa Palamenti omukyala eyeesimbawo mu kiseera kya 2021–2026 mu [[:en:Alebtong|Alebtong]].<ref>http://www.ugandadecides.com/aspirant.php?profile=1984</ref> == Okusoma kwe == Christine alina dipulooma mu ssomo lya development studies okuva mu ttendekero lya Nzamizi Training Institute in social development.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/achen-christine/ |access-date=2024-04-14 |archive-date=2021-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127051003/https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/achen-christine/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ebyafaayo by'emirimu gye == Mmemba wa Palamenti mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] okuva mu 2016 okutuuka kati.<ref name=":1"/> Aweereza mu buvunaanyizibwa obulala nga mmemba w'akakiiko ka Gender Labour and Social Development ne PAC local government mu Palamenti ya Uganda.<ref name=":1" /> Mmemba wa Uganda Women Parliamentary Association eya Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of UWOPA of 10th Parliament {{!}} Uganda Women Parliamentary Association |url=http://uwopa.or.ug/content/members-uwopa-10th-parliament |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418030533/http://uwopa.or.ug/content/members-uwopa-10th-parliament |archive-date=2021-04-18 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=uwopa.or.ug |language=en}}</ref> Okulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021 nga tekunnatuuka, yalina amavuganya ku ntebe y'omubaka omukyala owa Disitulikiti y'e Alebtong mu Palamenti, Ms Barbra Akech.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://tndnewsug.com/2020/01/11/akech-spare-tyre-warming-up-to-replace-mute-alebtong-woman-mp/ |access-date=2024-04-14 |archive-date=2021-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305012420/https://tndnewsug.com/2020/01/11/akech-spare-tyre-warming-up-to-replace-mute-alebtong-woman-mp/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yali omu ku babaka ba Palamenti abaalonda nga bawagira ekiteeso ky'okukyusa mu Ssemateekal omulundi ogw'okubiri mu 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How MPs voted on the second reading of the Constitution Amendment Bill – Parliament Watch |url=http://parliamentwatch.ug/how-mps-voted-on-the-second-reading-of-the-constitution-amendment-bill/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20201211054333/http://parliamentwatch.ug/how-mps-voted-on-the-second-reading-of-the-constitution-amendment-bill/ |archive-date=2020-12-11 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=parliamentwatch.ug |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-14 |title=Where your MP stands on age limit debate |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/where-your-mp-stands-on-age-limit-debate-1718482 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fideri |first=Kirungi |date=2017-12-20 |title=Age limit: How your MP voted |url=https://observer.ug/news/age-limit-how-your-mp-voted/ |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=The Observer Media Ltd |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Baturo |first=Alexander |date=2019-06-20 |title=<i>Continuismo</i> in Comparison |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837404.003.0005 |publisher=Oxford University PressOxford |isbn=0-19-883740-2 |pages=75–100}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe obwomunda == Mufumbo.<ref name=":0"/> Wa nzikiriza ya ki Kulisitaayo.<ref name=":1"/> == Laba na binok == * [[Olukalala lwa bammemba ba Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] * [[Palamenti ya Uganda]] * [[Disitulikiti y'e Alebtong]] * [[National Resistance Movement]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa ebweru wa Wikipediya == * [https://twitter.com/christineachena?lang=en Achen Christine Ayo ku Twitter] * [https://www.facebook.com/Achen-Christine-Ayo-805191792966373/ Achen Christine Ayo ku Facebook] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1983]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi ba National Resistance Movement]] [[Category:Ba mmemba palamenti ya Uganda Ey'ekkumi]] [[Category:Ba mmemba ba palamenti ya Uganda abakyala]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Alebtong]] [[Category:Ekitundu ky'Obukiikakkono bwa Uganda]] 4zxg3uxkr0d6z10sraz2p9o21wjh9jq 66874 66873 2026-08-05T21:16:16Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added categories 66874 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christine Ayo Achen''' amanyiddwa nga '''Achen Christine Ayo,''' (yazaalibwa nga 7 Ogwomusanvu 1983) Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era omuddukanya w'emirimu.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=ACHEN CHRISTINE AYO - NRM - NETTECH RELIABLE MEDIA |url=https://nrm.co.ug/staff/achen-christine-ayo/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803115357/https://nrm.co.ug/staff/achen-christine-ayo/ |archive-date=2021-08-03 |access-date=2026-08-05 |work=NRM - NETTECH RELIABLE MEDIA |language=en-US}}</ref> Ye mubaka omukyala akiikirira disitulikiti y'e [[:en:Alebtong|Alebtong]] mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Achen Christine Ayo vs Abongo O. Elizabeth Election Petition Appeal No. 0058 of 2016 - Election Petition Appeal No. 0058 of 2016 - Uganda Online Law Library |url=https://ugandalawlibrary.net/judgments/view/78GQ4SogNkaVW1ImD5g/achen-christine-ayo-vs-abongo-o-elizabeth-election-petition-appeal-no-0058-of-2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017101723/https://ugandalawlibrary.net/judgments/view/78GQ4SogNkaVW1ImD5g/achen-christine-ayo-vs-abongo-o-elizabeth-election-petition-appeal-no-0058-of-2016 |archive-date=2022-10-17 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=ugandalawlibrary.net |language=en}}</ref> Ali mu kibiina eky'ebyobufuzi ekifuga ekya National Resistance Movement.<ref name=":0" /> Era ye yali omubaka wa Palamenti omukyala eyeesimbawo mu kiseera kya 2021–2026 mu [[:en:Alebtong|Alebtong]].<ref>http://www.ugandadecides.com/aspirant.php?profile=1984</ref> == Okusoma kwe == Christine alina dipulooma mu ssomo lya development studies okuva mu ttendekero lya Nzamizi Training Institute in social development.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/achen-christine/ |access-date=2024-04-14 |archive-date=2021-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127051003/https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/achen-christine/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ebyafaayo by'emirimu gye == Mmemba wa Palamenti mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] okuva mu 2016 okutuuka kati.<ref name=":1"/> Aweereza mu buvunaanyizibwa obulala nga mmemba w'akakiiko ka Gender Labour and Social Development ne PAC local government mu Palamenti ya Uganda.<ref name=":1" /> Mmemba wa Uganda Women Parliamentary Association eya Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of UWOPA of 10th Parliament {{!}} Uganda Women Parliamentary Association |url=http://uwopa.or.ug/content/members-uwopa-10th-parliament |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418030533/http://uwopa.or.ug/content/members-uwopa-10th-parliament |archive-date=2021-04-18 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=uwopa.or.ug |language=en}}</ref> Okulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021 nga tekunnatuuka, yalina amavuganya ku ntebe y'omubaka omukyala owa Disitulikiti y'e Alebtong mu Palamenti, Ms Barbra Akech.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://tndnewsug.com/2020/01/11/akech-spare-tyre-warming-up-to-replace-mute-alebtong-woman-mp/ |access-date=2024-04-14 |archive-date=2021-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305012420/https://tndnewsug.com/2020/01/11/akech-spare-tyre-warming-up-to-replace-mute-alebtong-woman-mp/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yali omu ku babaka ba Palamenti abaalonda nga bawagira ekiteeso ky'okukyusa mu Ssemateekal omulundi ogw'okubiri mu 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How MPs voted on the second reading of the Constitution Amendment Bill – Parliament Watch |url=http://parliamentwatch.ug/how-mps-voted-on-the-second-reading-of-the-constitution-amendment-bill/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20201211054333/http://parliamentwatch.ug/how-mps-voted-on-the-second-reading-of-the-constitution-amendment-bill/ |archive-date=2020-12-11 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=parliamentwatch.ug |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-14 |title=Where your MP stands on age limit debate |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/where-your-mp-stands-on-age-limit-debate-1718482 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fideri |first=Kirungi |date=2017-12-20 |title=Age limit: How your MP voted |url=https://observer.ug/news/age-limit-how-your-mp-voted/ |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=The Observer Media Ltd |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Baturo |first=Alexander |date=2019-06-20 |title=<i>Continuismo</i> in Comparison |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837404.003.0005 |publisher=Oxford University PressOxford |isbn=0-19-883740-2 |pages=75–100}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe obwomunda == Mufumbo.<ref name=":0"/> Wa nzikiriza ya ki Kulisitaayo.<ref name=":1"/> == Laba na binok == * [[Olukalala lwa bammemba ba Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] * [[Palamenti ya Uganda]] * [[Disitulikiti y'e Alebtong]] * [[National Resistance Movement]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa ebweru wa Wikipediya == * [https://twitter.com/christineachena?lang=en Achen Christine Ayo ku Twitter] * [https://www.facebook.com/Achen-Christine-Ayo-805191792966373/ Achen Christine Ayo ku Facebook] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1983]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi ba National Resistance Movement]] [[Category:Ba mmemba palamenti ya Uganda Ey'ekkumi]] [[Category:Ba mmemba ba palamenti ya Uganda abakyala]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Alebtong]] [[Category:Ekitundu ky'Obukiikakkono bwa Uganda]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abakazi bannabyabufuzi ab'ekyasa kyabiri mwekimu]] iy9w6zucxdzwzhzg2shsdr4xmks2i4d 66875 66874 2026-08-05T21:16:55Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected spellings 66875 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christine Ayo Achen''' amanyiddwa nga '''Achen Christine Ayo,''' (yazaalibwa nga 7 Ogwomusanvu 1983) Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era omuddukanya w'emirimu.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=ACHEN CHRISTINE AYO - NRM - NETTECH RELIABLE MEDIA |url=https://nrm.co.ug/staff/achen-christine-ayo/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803115357/https://nrm.co.ug/staff/achen-christine-ayo/ |archive-date=2021-08-03 |access-date=2026-08-05 |work=NRM - NETTECH RELIABLE MEDIA |language=en-US}}</ref> Ye mubaka omukyala akiikirira disitulikiti y'e [[:en:Alebtong|Alebtong]] mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Achen Christine Ayo vs Abongo O. Elizabeth Election Petition Appeal No. 0058 of 2016 - Election Petition Appeal No. 0058 of 2016 - Uganda Online Law Library |url=https://ugandalawlibrary.net/judgments/view/78GQ4SogNkaVW1ImD5g/achen-christine-ayo-vs-abongo-o-elizabeth-election-petition-appeal-no-0058-of-2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017101723/https://ugandalawlibrary.net/judgments/view/78GQ4SogNkaVW1ImD5g/achen-christine-ayo-vs-abongo-o-elizabeth-election-petition-appeal-no-0058-of-2016 |archive-date=2022-10-17 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=ugandalawlibrary.net |language=en}}</ref> Ali mu kibiina eky'ebyobufuzi ekifuga ekya National Resistance Movement.<ref name=":0" /> Era ye yali omubaka wa Palamenti omukyala eyeesimbawo mu kiseera kya 2021–2026 mu [[:en:Alebtong|Alebtong]].<ref>http://www.ugandadecides.com/aspirant.php?profile=1984</ref> == Okusoma kwe == Christine alina dipulooma mu ssomo lya development studies okuva mu ttendekero lya Nzamizi Training Institute in social development.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/achen-christine/ |access-date=2024-04-14 |archive-date=2021-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127051003/https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/achen-christine/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ebyafaayo by'emirimu gye == Mmemba wa Palamenti mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] okuva mu 2016 okutuuka kati.<ref name=":1"/> Aweereza mu buvunaanyizibwa obulala nga mmemba w'akakiiko ka Gender Labour and Social Development ne PAC local government mu Palamenti ya Uganda.<ref name=":1" /> Mmemba wa Uganda Women Parliamentary Association eya Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of UWOPA of 10th Parliament {{!}} Uganda Women Parliamentary Association |url=http://uwopa.or.ug/content/members-uwopa-10th-parliament |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418030533/http://uwopa.or.ug/content/members-uwopa-10th-parliament |archive-date=2021-04-18 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=uwopa.or.ug |language=en}}</ref> Okulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021 nga tekunnatuuka, yalina amavuganya ku ntebe y'omubaka omukyala owa Disitulikiti y'e Alebtong mu Palamenti, Ms Barbra Akech.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://tndnewsug.com/2020/01/11/akech-spare-tyre-warming-up-to-replace-mute-alebtong-woman-mp/ |access-date=2024-04-14 |archive-date=2021-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305012420/https://tndnewsug.com/2020/01/11/akech-spare-tyre-warming-up-to-replace-mute-alebtong-woman-mp/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yali omu ku babaka ba Palamenti abaalonda nga bawagira ekiteeso ky'okukyusa mu Ssemateekal omulundi ogw'okubiri mu 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How MPs voted on the second reading of the Constitution Amendment Bill – Parliament Watch |url=http://parliamentwatch.ug/how-mps-voted-on-the-second-reading-of-the-constitution-amendment-bill/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20201211054333/http://parliamentwatch.ug/how-mps-voted-on-the-second-reading-of-the-constitution-amendment-bill/ |archive-date=2020-12-11 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=parliamentwatch.ug |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-14 |title=Where your MP stands on age limit debate |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/where-your-mp-stands-on-age-limit-debate-1718482 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fideri |first=Kirungi |date=2017-12-20 |title=Age limit: How your MP voted |url=https://observer.ug/news/age-limit-how-your-mp-voted/ |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=The Observer Media Ltd |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Baturo |first=Alexander |date=2019-06-20 |title=<i>Continuismo</i> in Comparison |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837404.003.0005 |publisher=Oxford University PressOxford |isbn=0-19-883740-2 |pages=75–100}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe obwomunda == Mufumbo.<ref name=":0"/> Wa nzikiriza ya ki Kulisitaayo.<ref name=":1"/> == Laba na binok == * [[Olukalala lwa bammemba ba Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] * [[Palamenti ya Uganda]] * [[Disitulikiti y'e Alebtong]] * [[National Resistance Movement]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa ebweru wa Wikipedia == * [https://twitter.com/christineachena?lang=en Achen Christine Ayo ku Twitter] * [https://www.facebook.com/Achen-Christine-Ayo-805191792966373/ Achen Christine Ayo ku Facebook] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1983]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi ba National Resistance Movement]] [[Category:Ba mmemba palamenti ya Uganda Ey'ekkumi]] [[Category:Ba mmemba ba palamenti ya Uganda abakyala]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Alebtong]] [[Category:Ekitundu ky'Obukiikakkono bwa Uganda]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abakazi bannabyabufuzi ab'ekyasa kyabiri mwekimu]] oea3nlp5b83n9by40zs12flo53f0pu7 66882 66875 2026-08-05T21:22:40Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations and spellings 66882 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christine Ayo Achen''' amanyiddwa nga '''Achen Christine Ayo,''' (yazaalibwa nga 7 Ogwomusanvu 1983) Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era omuddukanya w'emirimu.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=ACHEN CHRISTINE AYO - NRM - NETTECH RELIABLE MEDIA |url=https://nrm.co.ug/staff/achen-christine-ayo/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803115357/https://nrm.co.ug/staff/achen-christine-ayo/ |archive-date=2021-08-03 |access-date=2026-08-05 |work=NRM - NETTECH RELIABLE MEDIA |language=en-US}}</ref> Ye mubaka omukyala akiikirira disitulikiti y'e [[:en:Alebtong|Alebtong]] mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Achen Christine Ayo vs Abongo O. Elizabeth Election Petition Appeal No. 0058 of 2016 - Election Petition Appeal No. 0058 of 2016 - Uganda Online Law Library |url=https://ugandalawlibrary.net/judgments/view/78GQ4SogNkaVW1ImD5g/achen-christine-ayo-vs-abongo-o-elizabeth-election-petition-appeal-no-0058-of-2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017101723/https://ugandalawlibrary.net/judgments/view/78GQ4SogNkaVW1ImD5g/achen-christine-ayo-vs-abongo-o-elizabeth-election-petition-appeal-no-0058-of-2016 |archive-date=2022-10-17 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=ugandalawlibrary.net |language=en}}</ref> Ali mu kibiina eky'ebyobufuzi ekifuga ekya National Resistance Movement.<ref name=":0" /> Era ye yali omubaka wa Palamenti omukyala eyeesimbawo mu kiseera kya 2021–2026 mu [[:en:Alebtong|Alebtong]].<ref>http://www.ugandadecides.com/aspirant.php?profile=1984</ref> == Okusoma kwe == Christine alina dipulooma mu ssomo lya development studies okuva mu ttendekero lya Nzamizi Training Institute in social development.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/achen-christine/ |access-date=2024-04-14 |archive-date=2021-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211127051003/https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/achen-christine/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ebyafaayo by'emirimu gye == Mmemba wa Palamenti mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] okuva mu 2016 okutuuka kati.<ref name=":1"/> Aweereza mu buvunaanyizibwa obulala nga mmemba w'akakiiko ka Gender Labour and Social Development ne PAC local government mu Palamenti ya Uganda.<ref name=":1" /> Mmemba wa Uganda Women Parliamentary Association eya Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of UWOPA of 10th Parliament {{!}} Uganda Women Parliamentary Association |url=http://uwopa.or.ug/content/members-uwopa-10th-parliament |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418030533/http://uwopa.or.ug/content/members-uwopa-10th-parliament |archive-date=2021-04-18 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=uwopa.or.ug |language=en}}</ref> Okulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021 nga tekunnatuuka, yalina amavuganya ku ntebe y'omubaka omukyala owa Disitulikiti y'e Alebtong mu Palamenti, Ms Barbra Akech.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://tndnewsug.com/2020/01/11/akech-spare-tyre-warming-up-to-replace-mute-alebtong-woman-mp/ |access-date=2024-04-14 |archive-date=2021-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305012420/https://tndnewsug.com/2020/01/11/akech-spare-tyre-warming-up-to-replace-mute-alebtong-woman-mp/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yali omu ku babaka ba Palamenti abaalonda nga bawagira ekiteeso ky'okukyusa mu Ssemateekal omulundi ogw'okubiri mu 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How MPs voted on the second reading of the Constitution Amendment Bill – Parliament Watch |url=http://parliamentwatch.ug/how-mps-voted-on-the-second-reading-of-the-constitution-amendment-bill/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20201211054333/http://parliamentwatch.ug/how-mps-voted-on-the-second-reading-of-the-constitution-amendment-bill/ |archive-date=2020-12-11 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=parliamentwatch.ug |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-14 |title=Where your MP stands on age limit debate |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/where-your-mp-stands-on-age-limit-debate-1718482 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fideri |first=Kirungi |date=2017-12-20 |title=Age limit: How your MP voted |url=https://observer.ug/news/age-limit-how-your-mp-voted/ |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=The Observer Media Ltd |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Baturo |first=Alexander |date=2019-06-20 |title=<i>Continuismo</i> in Comparison |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837404.003.0005 |publisher=Oxford University PressOxford |isbn=0-19-883740-2 |pages=75–100}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe obw'omunda == Mufumbo.<ref name=":0"/> Wa nzikiriza ya ki Kulisitaayo.<ref name=":1"/> == Laba na bino == * [[Olukalala lwa bammemba ba Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] * [[Palamenti ya Uganda]] * [[Disitulikiti y'e Alebtong]] * [[National Resistance Movement]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa ebweru wa Wikipedia == * [https://twitter.com/christineachena?lang=en Achen Christine Ayo ku Twitter] * [https://www.facebook.com/Achen-Christine-Ayo-805191792966373/ Achen Christine Ayo ku Facebook] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1983]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi ba National Resistance Movement]] [[Category:Ba mmemba palamenti ya Uganda Ey'ekkumi]] [[Category:Ba mmemba ba palamenti ya Uganda abakyala]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Alebtong]] [[Category:Ekitundu ky'Obukiikakkono bwa Uganda]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abakazi bannabyabufuzi ab'ekyasa kyabiri mwekimu]] sbmfgrah872lyqh1luevl6rvaextt38 0 10667 66820 53751 2026-08-05T19:00:56Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66820 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Sister '''Anne Nasimiyu Wasike''', LSOSF (yafa nga 22 Ogwokubiri mu 2018) [[:en:Uganda|Munnayugandan]] [[:en:Catholic_Church|Omukatulikki]] [[:en:Theology|theologian]], [[:en:Religious_sister_(Catholic)|omukyaala omukiriza]], era omuwandiisi w'ebitabo n'ebiwandiiko ku by'enjigiriza, empyempisa n'okuzaamu amaanyi mu baavu. <ref name=":0">https://catholicmoraltheology.com/in-gratitude-for-the-life-and-witness-of-sister-anne-nasimiyu-wasike-lsosf/</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://obituarykenya.co.ke/sr-professor-anne-nasimiyu-wasike-lsosf/ |access-date=2024-04-16 |archive-date=2024-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416193546/https://obituarykenya.co.ke/sr-professor-anne-nasimiyu-wasike-lsosf/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yali omusunsuzi mu biwandiiko ebisinga. Yali mmemba wa Franciscan African Order of nuns called "''The Little Sisters of St Francis."<ref name=":3">https://catholicethics.com/forum/remembering-and-honoring-professor-sr-anne-nasimiyu-wasike-a-concerned-socially-engaged-and-not-so-little-sr-of-st-francis/</ref>'' Wasike yayogera mu lukungaana lwa [[:en:United_Nations_General_Assembly|United Nations General Assembly]] Special Session mu 2001 ku buzibu abakyaala n'abawala mu Afirika bwe basanga mu myaaka gya [[:en:HIV/AIDS|HIV/AIDS]]. Yali mmemba eyatandika ekitongole kya [[:en:Ecumenical_Association_of_Third_World_Theologians|Ecumenical Association of Third World Theologians]].<ref name=":2">https://www.nation.co.ke/kenya/news/church-loses-dedicated-nun-don-who-shaped-gender-perspectives-16892</ref> Wasike yali mmemba eyatandikawo ekitongole kya [[:en:Circle_of_Concerned_African_Women_Theologians|Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians]], ekitongole kya pan African organization eky'abakyaala Abafirika ekyatandikibwawo wansi w'obukulembeze bwa [[:en:Mercy_Oduyoye|Mercy Amber Oduyoye]] mu 1989. Circle eno emanyikiddwa n'okuba n'eddobboozi ely'okusunsula n'okuswaaza eby'obukaba mu kkanisa n'entabaganya era balwaana okukomya okutulugunyizibwa n'okukozesa abakyaala.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web}}</ref> Agambibwa okuba nti yakoowoola ensi okumanya n'okukozesa apply Afro-Christian [[:en:The_Ethics_of_Ambiguity|theo ethics]] nga engeri y'okunoonya ensi esobola okubeeramu abantu.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web}}</ref> == Obuto n'emisomo == Anne Wasike yali muwala wa Matayo Wasike ne Annastasia Nanyama. Yali muganda wa Priscah, Isaac, Sabina, Priscilla, John, Immanuel, Chachi ne Patrick.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web}}</ref> Wasike yatendekebwa nga omusomesa eyafuna diguli ya Master of Arts degree mu by'Enjigiriza by'Ediini ku [[:en:Gannon_University|Gannon University]], [[:en:Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]], [[Amerika|USA]] ne PhD ye mu [[:en:Systematic_theology|Systematic Theology]] okuva mu [[:en:Duquesne_University|Duquesne University]], USA. Yali omukyaala Omufirika munnatheology okufuna PhD mu theology.<ref>https://myemail.constantcontact.com/Read-The-FIRST--March-2018.html?soid=1109967780347&aid=twePbCKMT_s</ref> == Emirimu == Wasike yawandiika akatabo akayitibwa ''Seeds of Mutuality in Mission: Response to Anne Nasimiyu-Wasike'' akaasoka okufulumizibwa nga 1 Ogusooka1, 2001 nga ekiwandiiko eky'okunoonyereza. Ekiwandiiko kilaga ebizibu ebisangibwa abantu ab'omu bugwanjuba. Munno mwemuli obwetaagao bw'okumanaya n'amagezi mu byobugaga n'obugazi bwenono za Afirika.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258172028</ref><ref>https://doi.org/10.1177%2F009182960102900104</ref> Wasike yaweereza nga Superior General wa Little Sisters of Saint Francis abalina ekitebe kyabwe ekikulu mu Nkokonjeru, Uganda mu bisajja bbibiri buli emu nga yamyaaka mukaaga.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web}}</ref> Yaweereza ku [[:en:Kenyatta_University|Yunivasitte ya Kenyatta]], Nairobi okumala emyaaka 24 mu myaka gya 1980s ne gya 1990 mu Dipaatimenti y'essomabibuuzo n'essomadiini eya Philosophy and Religious Studies. Yalondebwa nga Dayirekita w'ensonga z'abayizi era n'asobola okusomesa n'okuyigiriza abayizzi bangi nnyo.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> Yali omutegesi era n'omukulembeze eyakakasa nti abalala badizibwamu amaanyi nga abawa eby'okukozesa.<ref name=":2" /> Wasike yali omusomi era n'omusomesa wa African Theology ne African Religions ne Cultures. Yali mmemba ow'amaanyi omututumuvu mu kibiina kya Sagana group abaasisinkana buli mwaaka okuteesa ku nsonga eziri mu African Christian Theology and practice era ebyava mu kwebuuzibwa kuno by'asunsulwa ne bifulumizibwa [[Jesse N Mugambi]] wansi wa African (theology) Challenge series nga ba mmemba b'ekibiina kya Sagana group.<ref name=":3" /> Yasomesa courses, nafulumya era nayamba mu kunoonyereza ebyaali eby'okwongeza okumanyikwa n'okuwa emizimu gya Afirika ekitiibwa. Ye yali muwanguzi wa ekyaali kimanyikidwa mu Catholic circles nga "inculturation theology". Mu 1992, yali omu kubaasunsula ekiwandiiko kya ''Moral'' and ''Ethical Issues in African Christianity Exploratory Essays in Moral Theology'', with J. N Mugambi ekyafuuka ekimu ku biwandiiko eby'enjawulo mu African Challenge series.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":0" /> == Okufa n'ebyeyakola == Wasike yafa ekilwadde ekitono, ekyaalowoolezebwa okuba malaria. Yaziikibwa kumpi n'enyumba ya maama we omugenzi mu [[:en:Nkokonjeru|Nkokonjeru]], ekisangibwa mu makati ga Uganda nga 3 Ogwokussattu 2018.<ref name=":1" /> Ekilango ky'alabikira mu lupapula lwa ''Daily Nation'' nga 26 Ogwokubiri mu 2018.<ref name=":3" /> Yasiimibwa [[Irimina Nungari]], eyamuddira mu bigere nga superior general ne [[Cecilia Njeri]], akulila Little Sisters of Saint Francis, ku lw'okukulembera mu ntegeka y'ebikwaata ku bantu baabwe abakungaanye era n'okuteekawo enkulaakulana ezaamanyi.<ref name=":2" /> == Bibliography == *  {{cite book|last1=Mugambi|first1=J N Kanyua|last2=Nasimiyu|first2=Anne J|last3=Magesa|first3=Laurenti|last4=Nthamburi|first4=Zablon John|title=Democracy and reconciliation: a challenge for African Christianity|date=1999|publisher=Acton|location=Nairobi, Kenya|isbn=9789966888259|edition=2nd|language=en|oclc=785148003|series=African Christianity}} *  {{cite book|last1=Mugambi|first1=J N Kanyua|last2=Wasike|first2=A Nasimiyu|title=Moral and ethical issues in African Christianity: exploratory essays in moral theology|url=https://archive.org/details/moralethicalissu0000unse|date=1992|publisher=Initiatives Publishers|location=Nairobi, Kenya|isbn=9966420347|series=African Christianity series, no. 3.|oclc=29769088}} *  {{cite book|last1=Nasimiyu|first1=Anne J|last2=Waruta|first2=D W|title=Mission in African Christianity: critical essays in missiology|url=https://archive.org/details/missioninafrican0000unse|date=1993|publisher=Uzima Press|location=Nairobi|isbn=9966855238|series=African Christianity|oclc=30664144}} * {{cite journal|last1=Nasimiyu|first1=Anne J.|editor1-last=Oduyoye|editor1-first=Mercy Amba|editor2-last=Kanyoro|editor2-first=Musimbi R.A.|title=Polygamy: a feminist critique|journal=Will to Arise: Women, Tradition and the Church in Africa|pages=101–118|language=en|oclc=40341819}} Thesis *  Nasimiyu, Anne J (1986). Vatican II; the problem of inculturation (thesis). Duquesne University. OCLC 15611652. == Laba na bino == * [[:en:Mount_Saint_Mary's_College_Namagunga|Mount St Mary's College Namagunga]], Lugazi, [[Yuganda|Uganda]] * [[:en:Just_Love:_A_Framework_for_Christian_Sexual_Ethics|Just Love: A Framework for Christian Sexual Ethics]] * [[:en:Margaret_Farley|Margaret A. Farley]] == Ebikuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijulizidwa wa bweru wa wikipediya == * [https://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/1578 Inculturation of the concept of God in the traditional religion on the Abagusii of Western Kenya] * [https://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/handle/123456789/9021 The Role of Lamentation in African Biblical Hermeneutics: A Post-Colonial Reading of the Bible among Gĩkũyũ People of Kenya] * [https://books.google.com/books?id=Hxn1BgAAQBAJ&dq=Anne+Nasimiyu+Wasike&pg=PA286 Re-imagining African Christologies: Conversing with the Interpretations] * [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/009182960102900103?legid=spmis%3B29%2F1%2F45&patientinform-links=yes& Is Mutuality Possible? An African Response] bp750h7812j18nnfaje9hcnrazvmfcw 0 10800 66797 66012 2026-08-05T18:40:15Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66797 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''BBC News''' kitongole kya bizinensi ekikola emirimu <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2014 |title=News Group Senior Management |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230043836/http://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |archive-date=30 December 2016 |access-date=21 December 2014 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> eky’ekitongole kya Bungereza ekikola ku mpewo ekya [[British Broadcasting Corporation]] (BBC) ekivunaanyizibwa ku kukungaanya n’okuweereza amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu Bungereza n’ensi yonna. Ekitongole kino kye kitongole ekisinga obunene mu nsi yonna mu kuweereza amawulire ku mpewo era buli lunaku kikola ku leediyo ne ttivvi okumala essaawa nga 120, wamu n’okuweereza amawulire ku yintaneeti. <ref name="Boaden">{{Cite news |last=Boaden |first=Helen |date=18 November 2004 |title=NewsWatch – About BBC News – This is BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217084131/http://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |archive-date=17 February 2011 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Content |url=http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070227135731/http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |archive-date=27 February 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Empeereza eno erina bannamawulire abasoba mu 5,500 abakola mu bifulumizibwa byayo byonna omuli ne mu bitongole by’amawulire eby’ebweru 50 ng’abawandiisi b’amawulire ab’ebweru abasoba mu 250 be basimbye.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Herbert J |first=John |date=11 February 2013 |title=Practising Global Journalism: Exploring Reporting Issues Worldwide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9781136029868 |at=Chapter 1, Page 24 |access-date=6 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132749/https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24#v=snippet&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Deborah Turness]] y’abadde akulira eby'amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso okuva mu Gwomwenda 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A message to staff from Deborah Turness, CEO BBC News and Current Affairs |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206162356/https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |archive-date=6 December 2022 |access-date=6 December 2022 |publisher=BBC |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2019, kyategeezebwa mu lipoota ya [[Ofcom]] nti BBC yasaasaanya obukadde bwa pawundi 136 ku mawulire mu kiseera ky'Ogwokuna 2018 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2019 |title=Review of BBC news and current affairs |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504045751/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2020 |access-date=8 June 2022 |publisher=Ofcom |page=31}}</ref> Ebitongole bya BBC News eby’amawulire ag’omunda, mu nsi yonna ne ku yintaneeti bibeera mu kisenge ekisinga obunene eky’amawulire ekikola obutereevu mu Bulaaya, mu [[Broadcasting House]] mu masekkati ga London. Ebikwatibwa ku paalamenti bifulumizibwa era ne biragibwa ku mpewo okuva mu situdiyo mu kibuga London. Nga bayita mu mikutu gy'ebitundu by'omu Bungereza ogwa [[BBC English Regions]], BBC era erina ebifo by’ebitundu okwetoloola Bungereza n’ebifo eby’amawulire eby’eggwanga mu Northern Ireland, Scotland ne Wales. Amawanga gonna n’ebitundu by’Abangereza bikola pulogulaamu zaago ez’amawulire ez’omu kitundu n’enteekateeka endala ezikwata ku bigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga n’ebyemizannyo. BBC [[kitongole ekyetwaala mu ngeri emu]] nga obuyinza obw'okuba n'obwetwaze buno obw'ekitundu bw'akiweebwa [[obuyinza okuva mu bwakabaka]] ekigifuula nga yeetongodde ku gavumenti mu nkola. We bwatuukira mu 2024, BBC yatuuka ku bantu obukadde 450 buli wiiki, nga BBC World Service ekola abantu obukadde 320.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-22 |title=BBC's global reach "remains resilient" |url=https://www.advanced-television.com/2024/07/22/bbcs-global-reach-remains-resilient/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Telecompaper |url=https://www.telecompaper.com/news/bbc-increases-global-audience-to-450-million-people-a-week--1507128 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Telecompaper}}</ref> '''<big>Emyaka egyasooka</big>''' Kkampuni ya Bungereza eno eya [[British Broadcasting Company]] yakola ku mpewo era yafulumya eggulire lyayo eryasooka ku leediyo okuyita ku leediyo ya [[2LO]] nga 14 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1922. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Burke |first=Professor of Cultural History and Fellow of Emmanuel College Peter |date=29 July 2005 |title=A Social History of the Media: From Gutenberg to the Internet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132 |last2=Briggs |first2=Asa |last3=Burke |first3=Peter |publisher=Polity |isbn=978-0-7456-3511-8 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132653/https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132#v=snippet&q=The%20British%20Broadcasting%20Company%20broadcast%20its%20first%20radio%20bulletin%20from%20radio%20station%202LO%20on%2014%20November%201922&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Olw’okwagala okwewala okuvuganya, abaali bafulumya empapula z’amawulire abalala baamatiza gavumenti okuwera BBC okuweereza amawulire ng’essaawa emu tezinnatuuka, n’okugikaka okukozesa [[News agency|wire service]] copy mu kifo ky’okukola lipoota ku bwayo. [ 11 ] . BBC yagenda efuna eddembe okukola entereeza ku mpapula zaayo era mu 1934, yatondawo ekitongole kyayo eky’amawulire. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=1950s British TV Milestones |url=http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070427124228/http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |archive-date=27 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Wabula teyasobola kuweereza mawulire nga ssaawa kkuminabbiri tezinntuuka okutuusa mu [[Ssematalo II]].[11]. Ng’oggyeeko amawulire, Gaumont British ne Movietone cinema [[newsreels]] zaali ziragibwa ku mpeereza ya TV okuva mu 1936, nga BBC efulumya pulogulaamu yaayo eyenkanankana ne ''[[Television Newsreel]]'' okuva mu Gwoluberebrye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Martin |date=October 2004 |title=The Development of Communication Between the Government, the Media and the People in Britain, 1945–51 |url=http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601040326/http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |archive-date=1 June 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The London School of Economics and Political Science}}</ref> Ekitongole ''ky’amawulire ekya Children’s Newsreel'' ekya buli wiiki kyatongozebwa nga 23 Ogwokuna 1950, eri abantu nga 350,000 abaali bafuna amawulire. <ref name=":02" /> Omukutu guno gwatandika okuweereza amawulire gaagwo ku leediyo mu kiseera kye kimu ne ku ttivvi mu 1946, nga guliko ekifaananyi kya [[Big Ben]] . <ref name="crisell1997">{{Cite book |last=Crisell, Andrew |year=1997 |title=An Introductory History of British Broadcasting |url=https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-12802-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris/page/n31 15], 26–27, 92 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebyali bifulumira ku ttivvi byatandika nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954, nga biragibwa okuva mu situdiyo ezaali zipangisibwa munda mu [[Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] mu London. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexandra Palace – A History of the Palace |url=http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070404014257/http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |archive-date=4 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Abantu okwagala ennyo ttivvi eno n'ebyali biragibwako, obutereevu kwava nnyo ku okutuuzibwa kwa [[Elizabeth II]] ku ntebe mu 1953. Kiteeberezebwa nti okutuuka ku bukadde 27 obw'abantu <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV Landmark Dates |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070506033602/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |archive-date=6 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> baalaba pulogulaamu eno mu Bungereza, ne basinga abawuliriza ba leediyo abaali obukadde 12 omulundi ogwasooka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1953 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070525193855/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |archive-date=25 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007 |website=[[Chronomedia]] |publisher=Terra Media}}</ref> Ebifaananyi ebyo obutereevu byali biva kkamera 21 mu masekkati ga London okutuuka [[Alexandra Palace television station|mu lubiri lwa Alexandra]] okubitambuza, n’oluvannyuma ne bitwalibwa ku byuma ebirala ebya Bungereza ne biggulwawo mu budde olw’omukolo guno. <ref>{{Cite web |title=1950 |url=http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927204504/http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Omwaka ogwo, waaliwo [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom (historical)#Number of licences issued|Layisinsi za TV eziwera obukadde bubiri ezaakuumibwa mu Bungereza]], ne zirinnya okutuuka ku bukadde obusukka mu busatu omwaka ogwaddako, ate obukadde buna n’ekitundu we bwatuukira mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Owens |first=Edward |date=2019 |title=The Family Firm: monarchy, mass media and the British public, 1932–53 |url=https://archive.org/details/4153371f-f303-486d-ba0c-40aba377b9b1 |publisher=University of London Press |isbn=978-1-909646-94-0 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/4153371f-f303-486d-ba0c-40aba377b9b1/page/331 331]–372 |chapter='This time I was THERE taking part' |jstor=j.ctvkjb3sr.12}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1950''' Amawulire ga ttivvi wadde nga mu kulaba awo gaawukana ku ga leediyo, gaali gakyafugibwa nnyo amawulire ga leediyo mu myaka gya 1950. Abawandiisi baawa lipoota ku mikutu gyombi, era ekiwandiiko ekyasooka okulagibwa ku ttivvi, ekyalagibwa nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954 ku [[BBC One|mpeereza ya ttivvi ya BBC]] mu kiseera ekyo era nga kyanjulwa [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]], kyalimu okuwa kwe okunyonnyola ku biba ebweru w’olutimbe ng’eno ebifaananyi biragibwa. <ref>{{Cite news |title=The BBC performs painful internal surgery |url=https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521142154/https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |archive-date=21 May 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}</ref> Kino olwo kyaddirirwa ''Television Newsreel'' ey’ennono n’okunnyonnyola okwakwatibwa okwakolebwa [[John Snagge]] (era ku mirundi emirala [[Andrew Timothy]] ). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Snagge |first=AUTHOR: John |title=Announcing from the inside |url=https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251107122045/https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |archive-date=7 November 2025 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Transdiffusion |language=en-GB}}</ref> Abaali basomera amawulire ku ttivi baayanjulwa oluvannyuma lw’omwaka gumu mu 1955 – [[Kenneth Kendall]] (eyasooka okulabika), [[Robert Dougall]], ne [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]] —nga wabulayo wiiki ssatu [[ITN]] etongoze nga 21 Ogwomwenda 1955. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2012 |title=Obituary: Kenneth Kendall, newsreader and presenter |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001204817/https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |archive-date=1 October 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Scotsman |language=en}}</ref> Enkola ya ttivvi enkulu yali etandise okuva mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra mu 1950 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1950 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016210036/http://terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |archive-date=16 October 2007 |access-date=8 October 2007}}</ref> okugenda mu bifo ebinene, okusinga mu [[Lime Grove Studios|Situdiyo za Lime Grove]] mu [[Shepherd's Bush|Shepherd’s Bush]], mu Bugwanjuba bwa London, okufuna ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga (mu kiseera ekyo ekyali kimanyiddwa nga Talks Department) nayo. Wano we wava ''[[Panorama (TV series)|Panorama]]'' eyasooka, pulogulaamu empya ey'ebiwandiiko, n'efulumizibwa nga 11 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1953, nga [[Richard Dimbleby]] yeeyafuuka omuweereza waayo mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite news |title=In pictures: Past Faces of Panorama |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820055940/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |archive-date=20 August 2017 |access-date=9 April 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1958, [[Hugh Carleton Greene]] yafuuka akulira ekitongole ky'Amawulire n'Ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=In+1958,+Hugh+Carleton+Greene+became+head+of+News+and+Current+Affairs&pg=PA78 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1960''' Nga 1 Ogwolubereberye 1960, Greene yafuuka [[Director general|Dayirekita Omukulu]] . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Tight |first=Malcolm |date=2012 |title=Education for Adults |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-68517-7 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132647/https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46#v=onepage&q=On%201%20January%201960%2C%20Greene%20became%20Director-General%20and%20brought%20about%20big%20changes%20at%20BBC%20Television%20and%20BBC%20Television%20News&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Greene yakola enkyukakyuka ezaali zigendereddwamu okufuula amawulire ga BBC okufaananako naag’omuvuganya waayo ITN, eyali efunyiddwako ekipimo ekinene okusinziira ku bibiina by’okunoonyereza ebyali ebya Greene. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://archive.org/details/publicissueradio0000chig |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=978-0-230-34645-1 |editor-last=Chignell |editor-first=Hugh |pages=[https://archive.org/details/publicissueradio0000chig/page/80 80]–100 |language=en |chapter=The Reinvention of Radio – The 1960s |doi=10.1057/9780230346451_5}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kyatondebwawo mu lubiri lwa Alexandra, abasasi ba ttivvi ne bawandiikibwa ne baweebwa omukisa okuwandiika n’okuwata amaloboozi g'ebiwanddiko byabwe byabwe, nga tebalina kuwandiika mboozi ne ku leediyo . <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC at Alexandra Palace < Alexandra Palace |url=https://www.alexandrapalace.com/our-history/bbc-at-the-palace/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Alexandra Palace |language=en-GB}}</ref> Nga 20 Ogwomukaaga 1960, [[Nan Winton]], omukyala eyasooka okuba omusomi w'amawulire ku mutimbagano gwa BBC, yalabika mu mpewo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2019 |title=Nan Winton, the first woman to read the national news on BBC television |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330185500/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |archive-date=30 March 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> 19 Ogwomwenda 1960 lwe lwatandika pulogulaamu y'amawulire ga leediyo n'ensonga ezikwata ku mulembe ''The Ten O'clock News'' . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=bbc+news+the+start+of+the+radio+news+and+current+affairs+programme+The+Ten+O'clock+News&pg=PA83 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> [[BBC Two|BBC2]] yatandika okuweereza nga 20 Ogwokuna 1964 era n'etandika okuweereza pulogulaamu empya nga ''[[Newsroom (BBC programme)|Newsroom]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=House of Lords – Communications – Minutes of Evidence |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160952/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> ''[[The World at One]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu biseera by’ekyemisana, yatandika nga 4 Ogwekkumi, 1965 ku Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, era omwaka nga tegunnatuuka ''News Review'' yali etandikidde ku ttivvi. ''News Review'' yali mu bufunze amawulire agaabanga gafudde wiiki mu bufunze, agasooka okulagibwa ku Ssande, 26 Ogwokuna 1964 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1964 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303014530/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |archive-date=3 March 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> ku BBC 2 era nga gadda mu kifo kya ''Newsreel Review of the Week eyali eya'' buli wiiki, eyafulumizibwa okuva mu 1951, okuggulawo pulogulaamu ku Ssande akawungeezi–enjawulo eri nti okulaga kuno kwalina ebigambo ebitonotono ebyalagibwanga waggulu nga biyamba bakiggala n’abatawulira bulungi. Nga guno bwe gwali emyaka kkumi nga tegunnabaawo kukola biwandiiko biwandiikiddwa byuma bikalimagezi, buli superimposition ("super") yalina okufulumizibwa ku lupapula oba kaadi, okukwatagana nesitudiyo n'obutambi [[Footage|bw'amawulire]], okwewaayo okukwata ku butambi mu biseera by'emisana, n'okulagibwa ku mpewo akawungeezi nga bukyali. Ekyavaamu Ssande terwali lunaku lwa kasiriikiriro ku nsonga z'amawulire mu [[Alexandra Palace|Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] . Enteekateeka eno yagenda mu maaso okutuusa mu myaka gya 1980 <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516061628/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=16 May 2007 |access-date=16 August 2007}}</ref>  nga olwo baakozesa ebigambo ebiwandiikiddwa ku byuma bikalimagezi, ebimanyiddwa nga Anchor – okusikizibwa [[Ceefax]] subtitling (enkola ya [[Teletext]] efaananako bwetyo), n’okussa omukono ku pulogulaamu nga ''[[See Hear]]'' (okuva mu 1981). Ku Ssande nga 17 Ogwomwenda 1967, ''[[The World This Weekend]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga eya buli wiiki, yatongozebwa ku kifo ekyali kiyitibwa Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, naye nga mu bbanga ttono yali egenda kubeera [[Radio 4]] . Enteekateeka z’okukola langi zaatandika mu ssizoni eyitibwa Autumn eya 1967 era ku Lwokuna nga 7 Ogwokusatu 1968 nga ''Newsroom'' ku BBC2 yakyusibwa n’egenda mu kifo eky’akawungeezi nga bukyali, n’efuuka pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu Bungereza esoose okuweebwa mu langi <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 5] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424053328/http://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf|date=24 April 2009}} BBC Heritage 1960s.</ref>  okuva mu Situdiyo A mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra. ''News Review'' ne ''Westminster'' (ekisembayo kwekenneenya buli wiiki ebigenda mu maaso mu [[Palace of Westminster|Palamenti]] ) "zaali za langi" nga wayiseewo akaseera katono. Naye, bingi ku bintu ebiyingizibwa byali bikyali mu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru, nga mu kusooka ekitundu kyokka ku firimu ezikwata ku firimu ezaakubwa mu London n’ebitundu ebiriraanyewo kyali ku [[Film stock|sitooka]] [[Reversal film|ya firimu ezikyusa]] langi, era byonna ebyaweebwayo mu kitundu n’ensi yonna byali bikyali mu muddugavu n’omweru. Ebifo ebya langi mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra byali bitono nnyo mu by’ekikugu okumala emyezi kkumi na munaana egyaddirira, kubanga yalina ekyuma kimu kyokka ekya [[RCA Corporation|RCA]] color [[Quadruplex videotape]] machine era, okukkakkana nga [[Pye Ltd.|Pye]] [[Diode gun Plumbicon#Plumbicon|plumbicon]] color [[Telecine|telecines]] bbiri –wadde nga empeereza ya langi z’amawulire yatandika n’emu yokka. Ebiwandiiko by'eggwanga eby'omu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru ku BBC 1 byagenda mu maaso n'okusibuka mu Studio B ku nnaku za wiiki, wamu ne ''Town and Around'', pulogulaamu ya London regional " [[opt out]] " eyalagibwa mu myaka gya 1960 gyonna (era pulogulaamu y'amawulire mu kitundu eya BBC eyasooka ku Bukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba), okutuusa lwe yatandika okukyusibwamu ''[[Nationwide (TV programme)|mu ggwanga lyonna]]'' ku Lwokubiri okutuuka ku Lwokuna okuva mu Lime Grove Studios ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomwenda 1969. ''Town and Around'' teyali ya kugenda mu Television Center, mu kifo ky’ekyo yafuuka ''London This Week'' eyalagibwanga ku Mmande n’Olwokutaano lwokka, okuva mu situdiyo za TVC empya. <ref>''London This Week'' had started in early 1969 as a once per week "opt out" replacing the Friday edition of ''Town and Around'' {{Cite web |title=TV & Radio Bits: BBC South East: History |url=http://www.tvradiobits.co.uk/ |access-date=21 June 2007}}</ref> Okugenda kuno okudda mu situdiyo entono ng’erina ebikozesebwa ebirungi eby’ekikugu kyasobozesa ''Newsroom'' ne ''News Review'' okukyusa [[back projection]] ne [[Colour-separation overlay|zibikkako okwawula langi]]. Mu myaka gya 1960, [[Communications satellite|empuliziganya ya setilayiti]] yali esoboka; <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV History – Early Satellite <!--here only the homepage title says "Broadcast" instead (is it better?):-->Relays to/from Britain |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510052949/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-date=10 May 2011}}</ref> wabula, waaliwo emyaka egiwerako nga okukyusa layini ya digito-store tennasobola kukola nkola eno awatali kusoberwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Farry |first=James |last2=Kirby |first2=David A. |date=2012 |title=The Universe will be televised: space, science, satellites and British television production, 1946–1969 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |url-status=live |journal=History and Technology |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=311–333 |doi=10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |issn=0734-1512 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407003253/http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |archive-date=7 April 2015 |access-date=16 October 2025}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1970''' Nga 14 Ogwomwenda 1970, g'''[[Amawulire g'essaawa esatu]]'' agasooka gaalagibwa ku ttivvi. Robert Dougall yayanjula wiiki esooka okuva mu situdiyo N1 <ref name="Dougall">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>  eyannyonnyolwa ''[[The Guardian]]'' <ref name="bbcnews1">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> nga "ekika ky'obutoffaali obuliko polystyrene padded cell" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Northern Echo: Archive |url=http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092219/http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=17 August 2007}}</ref> amawulire okuba nga gaakyusaibwa okuva ku budde obwasooka obwa ssaawa bbriri ezeekiro ng'okuddamu ku bipimo ebyatuukibwako ITN eby' ''[[ITV News at Ten|amawulire ku ssaawa nnya]]'', eyali yatongozebwa emyaka esatu emabega ku ITV eyali ebavuganya. Richard Baker ne Kenneth Kendall baawaayo wiiki ezaddirira, bwe batyo ne baddamu ebiwandiiko ebyo ebyasooka ku ttivvi eby’omu makkati g’emyaka gya 1950. [[Angela Rippon]] yafuuka omukyala eyasooka okusoma amawulire ku saaawa ssatu mu 1975. Omulimu gwe yali akola ebweru w’amawulire gwali tegukwatagana mu kiseera ekyo, yalabikira ku ''pulogulaamu ya The [[Morecambe and Wise|Morecambe ne Wise]] Christmas Show'' mu 1976 ng’ayimba n’okuzina. <ref name="Dougall2">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972. Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972.Ebiwandiiko by’amawulire ebya ttivvi eby’emisana mu makkati n’enkomerero y’emyaka gya 1970 byalagibwanga okuva mu kisenge ky’amawulire ekya BBC kyennyini, okusinga mu emu ku situdiyo z’amawulire essatu. Omusomi w’amawulire yasomeranga ku kkamera ng’atudde ku mabbali g'emmeeza; emabega we abakozi baali balabibwa nga bakola emirimu mingi ku mmeeza zaabwe. Ekiseera kino kyali kikwatagana n’ekiseera ag'esaawa essatu lwe gaafuna enkyukakyuka yaago eyaddako, era nga gandikozesezza ekifaanayi ky'emabega ekya CSO ey’ekisenge ky’amawulire okuva mu kkamera eyo yennyini buli wiiki akawungeezi. Era mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1970, amawulire ag’ekiro ku BBC2 gaakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa mu bufunze ''Newsnight'', naye kino tekyali kya kuwangaala, oba okuba pulogulaamu y’emu nga bwe tumanyi leero – nti yanditongozeddwa mu 1980  era mu bbanga ttono kyadda mu bufunze bw'amawulire gokka ng'amawulire ga BBC2 ag'akawungeezi gaagaziwa ne gafuuka ''Newsday''. Amawulire ku leediyo gaali ga kukyuka mu myaka gya 1970, n’okusingira ddala ku leediyo 4, nga gaaleetebwa okutuuka kw’omuwandiisi omupya Peter Woon okuva mu mawulire ga ttivvi n’okussa mu nkola lipoota ya ''Broadcasting in the Seventies''. Mu bino mwalimu okuyingiza abawandiisi mu biwandiiko by’amawulire nga emabegako omusomi w’amawulire yekka ye yandibadde ayanjula, wamu n’okussaamu ebirimu ebikung’aanyiziddwa mu nteekateeka. Pulogulaamu empya nazo zaayongerwa ku nteekateeka ya buli lunaku, ''[[PM (Radio 4)|PM]]'' ne ''[[The World Tonight]]'' ng'ezimu ku nteekateeka za ttivi okufuuka "omukutu gw'okwogera wonna". <ref name="bbcnews12">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''[[Newsbeat]]'' yatongozebwa nga empeereza y'amawulire ku [[BBC Radio 1|Radio 1]] nga 10 Ogwomwenda 1973. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 4] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000032/https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf|date=14 June 2007}} BBC Heritage 1970s.</ref> Nga 23 Ogwomwenda 1974, enkola ya [[teletext]] eyatongozebwa okuleeta amawulire ku ntimbe za ttivvi nga bakozesa ebiwandiiko byokka. Mu kusooka bayinginiya baatandika okukola enkola ng’eyo okusobola okutuusa amawulire eri abalabi abatawulira, naye enkola eyo yagaziwa. Empeereza ya [[Ceefax]] yafuuka ya njawulo nnyo nga tennakoma nga 23 Ogwekkumi 2012: teyakoma ku kuba na biwandiiko bitonotono ku mikutu gyonna, era yawa n’amawulire ng’ag'rmbeera y'obudde, ebiseera by’ennyonyi n’okukebera firimu. Emyaka ekkumi we gyaggweerako, enkola y’okukuba ebifaananyi ku firimu okusobola okuyingiza ebintu mu mawulire yali egenda ekendeera, nga tekinologiya wa [[Electronic news gathering|ENG]] yayingizibwa mu Bungereza. Ebyuma ebyo byali byakukendeeza mu kukaluba mu nkozesa yaabyo nga wano BBC okusooka okugezaako kwali kukozesa kkamera ya langi [[Philips|ya Philips]] ng’erina base station y’omu mugongo n’ekyuma ekikwata ebifaananyi [[Sony|ekya Sony]] [[U-matic]] recorder eky’enjawulo mu kitundu ky’emyaka ekkumi eky'emabega. '''Emyaka gya 1980''' Mu 1980, [[Iranian Embassy Siege|okuzingiza ekitebe kya Iran]] kwali kwakubiddwa mu byuma bikalimagezi ttiimu [[Outside broadcasting|y’okuweereza ku mpewo eya BBC Television News Outside]], era omulimu gw’omusasi [[Kate Adie]], ng’aweereza butereevu okuva ku [[South Kensington|Prince’s Gate]], gwasunsulwa okufulumizibwa mu BAFTA actuality, naye ku mulundi guno gwakubwa ITN ku ngule ya 1980. <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA awards 1981] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts.</ref> ''[[Newsnight]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ensonga ezigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga, yali ya kugenda ku mpewo nga 23 Ogwoluberebrye 1980, wadde ng’obutakkaanya mu bibiina by’abakozi bwategeeza nti okugitongoza okuva e Lime Grove kwayongezebwayo wiiki emu. <ref name="bbcnews2">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1980s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208122541/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |archive-date=8 February 2007 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 27 Ogwomunaana 1981 [[Moira Stuart]] yafuuka omukyala omusomi w'amawulire mu Caribbean eyasooka okulabikira ku ttivvi y'e Bungereza. Mu mwaka gwa 1982, tekinologiya wa ENG yali afuuse eyeesigika ekimala okusobozesa Bernard Hesketh okukozesa kkamera ya [[Ikegami Tsushinki|Ikegami]] okukwata o[[Falklands War|lutalo lw'e Falklands]], n'okubunyisa amawulire era ne kimusobozesa okuwangula engule ya " [[Royal Television Society]] Cameraman of the Year" eyaweebwa omukwasi w'ebifaananyi ow'omwaka<ref>{{Cite web |title=RTS Hall of Fame – page 46 |url=http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf#page=36 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924233153/http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007}}</ref> n'okusunsulwa mu [[BAFTA]] <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA 1981 awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} [http://www.bafta.org British Academy of Film and Television Arts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831045105/http://www.bafta.org/|date=31 August 2011}}.</ref> omulundi ogwasooka nga BBC News yeesigamye ku kkamera ey'ebyuma, okusinga firimu, mu kitundu ekirimu entalo. BBC News yawangula BAFTA olw'okubunyisa amawulire amatuufu, <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf BAFTA 1982 – page 10] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf|date=10 December 2005}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts (PDF).</ref> wabula omukolo guno gufuuka ogujjukirwa mu bigambo bya ttivvi olw'okuwandiika amawulire ga [[Brian Hanrahan]] mwe yayiiya ebigambo "Sikkirizibwa kwogera nnyonyi mmeka ezeegatta ku kikwekweto, naye zonna nnazibala era zonna nga zigenda era nnazibala nga zikomawo" <ref>Barnes, Julian (25 February 2002), [https://www.theguardian.com/falklands/story/0,,657871,00.html "The worst reported war since the Crimean"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132746/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/feb/25/broadcasting.falklands|date=24 November 2023}}, ''The Guardian''.</ref> okuyita mu kulemesebwa olw'obukwakkulizo, era ekifuuse ekijulizibwa ng'ekyokulabirako ky'okukola lipoota ennungi wansi w'okutya okungi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm Media & War – The Falklands Conflict] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm|date=29 September 2006}} Imperial War Museum.</ref> Pulogulaamu ya ttivvi y’ekyenkya eya BBC eyasooka eya ''[[Breakfast Time (British TV programme)|Breakfast Time]]'' nayo yatongozebwa mu myaka gya 1980, nga 17 Ogwolubereberye 1983 okuva mu Lime Grove Studio E era nga wabulayo wiiki bbiri evuganya ne [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] [[TV-am]] . [[Frank Bough]], [[Selina Scott]], ne [[Nick Ross]] baayamba okuzuukusa abalabi n’omusono ogw’okuweereza mu bukkakkamu.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 January 1983 |title=BBC on this day – 17 January. 1983: BBC wakes up to morning TV |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061219140555/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |archive-date=19 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''Six O'Clock News'' yasooka kulagibwa nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1984, okukkakkana ng'efuuse pulogulaamu y'amawulire esinga okulabibwa mu Bungereza (naye okuva mu 2006 ebadde esukkulumye ku ''[[BBC News at Ten|BBC News ku Ten]]'' ). Mu Gwekkumi 1984, ebifaananyi by’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaali bafa enjala mu [[1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia|njala eyagwa mu Ethiopia]] byalagibwa mu alipoota za [[Michael Buerk]] owa ''Six O’Clock News'' <ref name="BBCLiveAid">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm "Live Aid: The show that rocked the world"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205000805/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm|date=5 December 2008}}.</ref> Aba BBC News be baasooka okuwandiika enjala eno, nga lipoota ya Buerk nga 23 Ogwekkumi egamba nti "enjala eyogerwako Baibuli mu kyasa eky'amakumi abiri" era "ekintu ekisinga okumpi ne ggeyeena ku Nsi". <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Higgins marvels at change in Ethiopia's Tigray province |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918134554/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |archive-date=18 September 2018 |access-date=7 January 2018 |work=The Irish Times}}</ref> Alipoota ya BBC News yawuniikiriza Bungereza, n’ekubiriza bannansi baayo okujjuza ebitongole ebidduukirira abantu, nga [[Save the Children]], n’obuyambi, n’okussa essira mu nsi yonna ku buzibu obuli mu Ethiopia. <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Live Aid: Against All Odds: Episode 1 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524001908/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |archive-date=24 May 2020 |access-date=20 December 2019 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Lipoota y'amawulire era yalabibwa [[Bob Geldof]], eyategeka oluyimba lw'abazirakisa olwa " [[Do They Know It's Christmas?]] " okusonda ssente z'okudduukirira enjala nga zigobererwa ekivvulu kya [[Live Aid]] mu Gwomusanvu 1985. <ref name="BBCLiveAid" /> Okutandika mu 1981, BBC yawa omulamwa ogw'awamu mu mawulire gaayo amakulu n'emitwe emipya n'obukuubo obwali bukoleddwa kompyuta nga bukola omwetooloolo <ref>The circle had been a recurring theme of the BBC1 news logo since the start of the ''Nine'' in 1970, as it was thought to fit in nicely with the long-running BBC 1 globe ident, and clock face which normally precedes news broadcasts.</ref> ku kifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu nga kuliko ekiwandiiko "BBC News" ekirabika wansi w'ebifaananyi eby'enkulungo, n'oluyimba lw'omulamwa olulimu ekikomo ne keyboards. Aba ''Omwenda'' baakozesanga ennamba 9 efaananako bwetyo (erimu obukuubo). Ekifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu kyakyusibwa n’ekifuulibwa kya bbulu okuva mu 1985 okutuuka mu 1987. Mu mwaka gwa 1987, BBC yali esazeewo okuddamu okussaako akabonero ku mawulire gaayo era n'eddamu okuteekawo okukodyo obw'enjawulo ku buli limu nga galina emitwe n'ennyimba ez'enjawulo, amawulire ga wiikendi n'ennaku enkulu nga ziwandiikiddwa mu sitayiro efaananako ne ''Nine'', wadde nga ennyanjula ya "obukuubo" yasigala ekozesebwa okutuusa mu 1989 ku mirundi ekiwandiiko ky'amawulire we kyalagibwanga okuva mu nsengeka y'enteekateeka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News Report: Zeebrugge ferry disaster from 6&nbsp;March 1987 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095542/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=1 October 2007}}</ref> Mu 1987, [[John Birt, Baron Birt|John Birt]] yazuukiza enkola y’abawandiisi abakolera ku ttivvi ne leediyo ng’atandikawo bannamawulire abakozesa emikutu gy’amawulire ebiri. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Forgan |first=Liz |date=17 October 2000 |title=Comment: Liz Forgan on BBC radio at White City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153440/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1990''' Mu myaka gya 1990, empeereza ez'enjawulo zaatandika okuweebwa BBC News, nga [[BBC World Service Television]] eyayawulwamu n'efuuka [[BBC World]] (amawulire n'ebigenda mu maaso), ne [[BBC Prime]] (eby'amasanyu ebitonotono). Bw’atyo ebirimu ku mukutu gw’amawulire ogw’essaawa 24 byali byetaagisa, ne bigobererwa mu 1997 n’okutongoza omukutu gw’amawulire ogwenkanankana mu ggwanga [[BBC News 24|ogwa BBC News 24]]. Mu kifo ky’okuteekawo amawulire, alipoota ezigenda mu maaso n’okubunyisa amawulire byali byetaagisa okukuuma emikutu gyombi nga gikola era nga kitegeeza nti essira ddene okuteekebwa ku mbalirira ya byombi kyali kyetaagisa. Mu 1998, oluvannyuma lw’emyaka 66 mu Broadcasting House, ekikwekweto kya '''BBC Radio News''' kyasengukira mu [[BBC Television Centre|BBC Television Center]]. <ref>{{Cite news |date=26 June 1998 |title=BBC NEWS – New era for BBC radio news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064359/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=18 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Tekinologiya omupya, eyaweebwa [[Silicon Graphics]], yatandika okukozesebwa mu 1993 okuddamu okutongoza amawulire amakulu aga BBC 1, n’akola ekibinja ekirabika (virtual set) ekyalabika ng’ekinene ennyo okusinga bwe kyali mu buliwo. Okuddamu okutongoza era kwaleeta amawulire gonna mu sitayiro y’emu eya set nga waliwo enkyukakyuka entonotono zokka mu langi, emitwe n’ennyimba okwawula buli emu. Ekibumbe kya kompyuta ekyakolebwa mu ndabirwamu ezisaliddwa ek'ekifaanayi kya [[BBC coat of arms|BBC]] kye kyali ekikulu mu mitwe gya pulogulaamu eno okutuusa kkampuni ennene lwe zakyusa erinnya ly’amawulire mu 1999. Mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1997, [[BBC News Online]] yatongozebwa, nga egoberera emikutu gya yintaneeti egy'omuntu ku ssekinnoomu egy'amawulire amakulu nga [[1996 Olympic Games|emizannyo gya Olympics egya 1996]], [[1997 United Kingdom general election|okulonda kwa bonna okwa 1997]], n'okufa [[Death of Diana, Princess of Wales|kw'Omumbejja Diana]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 December 2007 |title=10 years of the BBC News website |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628042938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |archive-date=28 June 2020 |access-date=21 September 2022 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1999, okuddamu okutongoza okusinga kwaliwo, nga amawulire ga BBC One, BBC World, BBC News 24, ne [[BBC News Online]] byonna byatwala obukodyo obufaanagana. Ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezisinga obukulu kwe kutwala ekifaananyi ky’ekitongole mpolampola mu [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu eza BBC]], nga ziwa sitayiro ey’awamu mu mawulire ga ttivvi za BBC ez’omu kitundu, ez’eggwanga n’ez’ensi yonna. Kuno era kwalimu ''[[Newyddion]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire enkulu ey’omukutu [[Welsh language|gw’olulimi Olu Welsh]] [[S4C]], ogwakolebwa BBC News Wales. '''Emyaka gya 2000''' Oluvannyuma lw'okuddamu okutongoza BBC News mu 1999, emitwe gy'amawulire egy'omu kitundu gyateekebwa ku ntandikwa y'amawulire ga BBC One mu 2000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC One London – 1 January 2000 – BBC Genome |url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301172301/https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Wabula ebitundu by’e Bungereza byafiirwa eddakiika ttaano ku nkomerero y'amawulire gaabwe, olw’omutwe omupya ogwali gukubiddwa ku ssaawa 18:55. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kevin |first=Deirdre |title=Snapshot: regional and local television in the United Kingdom |url=https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418003313/https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2021 |website=vau.net}}</ref> Mu 2000 era mwe mwali n'ekya amawulire g'essaawa essatu okudda ku ssaawa nnya oba 22:00. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McQueen |first=David |title=A very conscientious brand: A case study of the BBC's current affairs series, Panorama |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204192014/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |archive-date=4 December 2017 |website=core.ac.uk}}</ref> Kino kyali mu kwanukula ITN eyali yaakakyusa pulogulaamu yaabwe emanyiddwa ennyo ''[[ITV News at Ten|eya News at Ten]]'' oba Amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okutuuka ku ssaawa 23:00. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 October 2001 |title=BBC news move 'halts decline' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411062848/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |archive-date=11 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |language=en-GB}}</ref> ITN yazzaayo amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okumala akaseera katono kyokka oluvannyuma lw’okuweebwa obubonero obubi bwe yattunka n'amawulire ga BBC ag'essaawa ennya, ekiwandiiko kya ITN kyakyusibwa ne kidda ku ssaawa 22:30, gye kyasigala okutuusa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2008. Okuwummula kwa [[Peter Sissons]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2019 |title=Remembering Peter Sissons, the TV news presenter with unflappable onscreen authority |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418020258/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> mu 2009 n'okuva kwa [[Michael Buerk]] mu mawulire ku ssaawa nnya<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2002 |title=Buerk quits BBC Ten o'Clock News |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418011151/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> kyavaako enkyukakyuka mu ttiimu eyawaayo obubaka bwa BBC One nga 20 Ogwolubereberye 2003. Amawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri gaafuuka g'akusomwa abantu babiri , [[George Alagiah]] ne [[Sophie Raworth]] oluvannyuma lwa [[Huw Edwards (journalist)|Huw Edwards]] ne [[Fiona Bruce]] okugenda ku g'essaawa ennya. Dizayini empya ey'ekifo awasomerwa amawulire nga kirimu olutimbe olulaga ekifo ekisomerwamu oluyiiye lwatongozebwa, ne luddirirwa nga 16 Ogwokubiri 2004 emitwe gya pulogulaamu empya okukwatagana n’egya BBC News 24. BBC News 24 ne BBC World zaaleeta sitayiro empya ey’okulaga mu mwezi Ogwolubereberye 2003, eyakyusibwamu katono nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 2004 okujjukira emyaka 50 egya BBC Television News. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Heard |first=Chris |date=5 July 2004 |title=Fifty years of TV news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061222142448/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |archive-date=22 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 7 Ogwokusatu 2005 dayirekita omukulu [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]] yatongoza pulojekiti ya " [[Creative Futures (BBC)|Creative Futures]] " okuddamu okutegeka ekitongole kino. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2005 |title=BBC starts work on editorial blueprint for the future |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724171051/https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |archive-date=24 July 2025 |access-date=17 July 2025 |website=BBC}}</ref> Ebifo eby’omuntu ssekinnoomu ku kuba omutereeza w’amawulire g’essaawa ''omusanvu'' ne n'o''mukaaga'' byakyusibwa ne bifuulibwa ekifo ekipya eby’emisana mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2005. Kevin Bakhurst yafuuka Omufuzi eyasooka owa BBC News 24, n’adda mu kifo ky’omuwandiisi. Amanda Farnsworth eyafuuka omuwandiisi w'emisana ate [[Craig Oliver (media executive)|Craig Oliver]] oluvannyuma n'alondebwa okuba omuwandiisi w'amawulire ''g'essaawa ennya.'' Amawulire gaafuna emitwe emipya n’okukola awasomerwa awapya mu Gwokutaano 2006, okusobozesa ''Breakfast'' okusenguka mu situdiyo enkulu omulundi ogwasooka okuva mu 1997. Awasomerwa amawulire awapya waaliwo sikuliini za [[Barco NV|Barco]] eza vidiyo nga kuliko ekifaananyi ky'eggulu lya London emabega eryakozesebwa mu mawulire amakulu era mu kusooka kyali kifaananyi ky'ebire bya cirrus nga biri ku ggulu erya bbulu ku ''ky'enkya'' . Kino oluvannyuma kyakyusibwa oluvannyuma lw’okuyisibwamu amaaso abalabi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=5 June 2006 |title=Breakfast's new look |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061120095948/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |archive-date=20 November 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Situdiyo eno yafaanagana ne [[ITV News]] eyafulumizibwa ITN mu 2004, wadde nga ITN ekozesa situdiyo [[Colour-separation overlay|ya CSO]] [[Virtual studio|ezitaliiwo mu buliwo]] okusinga screens ezaddala ku BBC News. BBC News yafuuka ekitundu ku kibiina ekipya ekya BBC Journalism mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2006 ng’emu ku nteekateeka z’okuddamu okutegeka BBC. Eyali Dayirekita wa BBC News mu kiseera ekyo, [[Helen Boaden]] yawa alipoota eri omumyuka wa Dayirekita omukulu mu kiseera ekyo era akulira ekibiina kya bannamawulire, [[Mark Byford]] okutuusa lwe yaggyibwa ku mulimu mu 2010. <ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html ''BBC's Mark Byford made redundant'', Neil Midgley, Daily Telegraph,11 October 2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013235402/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html|date=13 October 2017}}.</ref> Nga 18 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2007, ED Mark Thompson yalangirira enteekateeka y'emyaka omukaaga, "Delivering Creative Futures" (esinziira ku pulojekiti ye eyatandika mu Gwokusatu 2005), ng'agatta ekitongole kya ttivvi ekikola ku nsonga z'ebifa mu ggwanga mu kitundu ekipya ekya "News Programmes". <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=Radical reform to deliver a more focused BBC |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020051207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |archive-date=20 October 2007 |publisher=BBC Press Office}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Hewlett |first=Steve |date=22 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts: look on the bright side |url=http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024120744/http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |archive-date=24 October 2007 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Thompson okulangirira, ng’ayanukula olw'enkendeera mu buvujjirizi obwa pawundi obuwumbi bubiri, yagamba nti, tuweerereza ku "BBC entono naye nga nnungi" mu mulembe gwa digito, nga tusala ku musaala gwayo era, mu 2013, n'atunda [[BBC Television Centre|Television Center]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts back programmes and jobs |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020035603/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm#tables |archive-date=20 October 2007 |access-date=25 October 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ebisenge by’amawulire eby’enjawulo eby’emirimu gya ttivvi, leediyo ne ku yintaneeti byagattibwa ne bifuuka ekisenge kimu eky’amawulire eky’emikutu emingi. Okukola pulogulaamu munda mu bisenge by’amawulire kwagattibwa wamu okukola ekitongole ekikola pulogulaamu ez’emikutu emingi. Dayirekita wa [[BBC World Service|BBC World Service,]] Peter Horrocks yagamba nti enkyukakyuka zino zigenda kufuna omugaso mu kiseera kino eky’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya mu BBC. Mu bye yawandiika ku mikutu gye emigatta bantu, yawandiika nti okukozesa eby’obugagga bye bimu mu mikutu egy’enjawulo egy’okuweereza ku mpewo kitegeeza nti emboozi ntono ezisobola okufulumizibwa, oba okugoberera emboozi nnyingi, wandibaddewo engeri ntono ez’okuziweereza ku mpewo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=12 November 2007 |title=Multimedia News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115103603/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |archive-date=15 November 2007 |access-date=19 December 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Enkola empya ey’okuzannya ebifaananyi ne vidiyo yatongozebwa okufulumya ebiwandiiko bya ttivvi mu Gwolubereberye 2007. Kino kyakwatagana n’ensengeka empya mu mawulire ga BBC World News, abafulumya ebitabo nga baagala ekitundu ekiweereddwayo okwekenneenya amawulire agafulumizibwa. Ekiwandiiko ekipya ekya BBC News ekyasooka okuva ku mawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri kyalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2007 oluvannyuma lw’okuwozesebwa obulungi mu Midlands. <ref>{{Cite news |date=11 July 2007 |title=BBC One gets extra news bulletin |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714232708/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |archive-date=14 July 2007 |access-date=11 July 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu bufunze, obumala sekondi 90, bubadde bulagibwa ku ssaawa 20:00 ku nnaku za wiiki okuva mu Gwekkumineebiri 2007 era nga bufaanagana ne ''[[60 Seconds]]'' ku [[BBC Three]], kyokka nga mulimu n’emitwe okuva mu bitundu bya BBC eby’enjawulo n’okuwa mu bufunze embeera y’obudde. Ng’emu ku nteekateeka y’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya ey’ekiseera ekiwanvu, amawulire gakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa ''BBC News ku ssaawam Muanvu'', kkuminabbiri n'ennya mu Gwokuna 2008 ate BBC News 24 n’ekyusibwa erinnya BBC News n’egenda mu situdiyo y’emu ne bulletin ku BBC Television Centre. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Gadher |first=Dipesh |date=13 April 2008 |title=BBC rings changes with news revamp |url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907171053/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |archive-date=7 September 2008 |access-date=30 April 2009 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC News Channel – 2008 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510021938/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |archive-date=10 May 2011 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=TV Ark}}</ref> BBC World yakyusibwa erinnya lya ''BBC World News'' era pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu nazo zaddamu okulongoosebwa n’engeri empya ey’okulaga, eyakolebwa [[Lambie-Nairn]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Peter Horrocks |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC NEWS – The Editors Blog – New News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805003251/https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |archive-date=5 August 2020 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2008 era yafuna emikutu esatu egyatongozebwa ku TV, leediyo, ne ku yintaneeti. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uncorrected Evidence m274 |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153245/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> Okusenguka mu situdiyo era kwategeeza nti Studio N9 eyali ekozesebwa ku BBC World yaggalwa, era emirimu gyasenguka ne gigenda mu situdiyo eyasooka eya BBC News 24. Oluvannyuma situdiyo N9 yaddamu okuteekebwateekebwa okutuukana n’akabonero akapya, era n’ekozesebwa mu [[2009 United Kingdom local elections|kulonda kwa BBC okwa Bungereza mu bitundu by’e Bungereza]] n’okulaga [[2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom|okulonda kwa Bulaaya]] ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomukaaga 2009. '''Emyaka gya 2010''' Okwekenneenya enkola ya BBC mu Gwokusatu 2010, kwakakasa nti okubeera ne "eby'amawulire ebisinga mu nsi yonna" kyandikoze emu ku nkola etaano enkulu ez'okuwandiika, ng'ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezirina okwebuuza ku bantu n'okukkirizibwa [[BBC Trust]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 March 2010 |title=BBC 6 Music and Asian Network face axe in shake-up |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100303054531/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |archive-date=3 March 2010 |access-date=2 March 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’ekiseera ng’eyimiriziddwa ku nkomerero ya 2012, Helen Boaden yalekera awo okubeera Dayirekita wa BBC News. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396 ''Helen Boaden becomes director of BBC Radio'', BBC News, 14 February 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404060207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396|date=4 April 2018}}.</ref> Nga 16 Ogwokuna 2013, [[Director-General of the BBC|Dayirekita wa]] BBC omuggya [[Tony Hall, Baron Hall of Birkenhead|Tony Hall]] yayita [[James Harding (journalist)|James Harding]], eyali omutereeza w’olupapula lw’amawulire olwa ''[[The Times]]'' of London ng'amuyita Dayirekita w’Amawulire n’Ebifa mu ggwanga.<ref name="harding">[http://www.mediaweek.co.uk/news/rss/1178458/Former-Times-editor-James-Harding-news-boss-BBC/ ''Former Times editor James Harding to be news boss at BBC'', Gordon MacMillan, MediaWeek, London, 16 April 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132757/https://www.campaignlive.co.uk//|date=24 November 2023}}.</ref> Okuva mu Gwomunaana 2012 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2013, emirimu gyonna egy’amawulire gyava mu Television Center ne gigenda mu bifo ebipya mu [[Broadcasting House]] eyaddaabirizibwa era n’egaziyizibwa, mu [[Portland Place]] . Enkola eno yatandika mu Gwekkumi 2012, era nga mulimu ne BBC World Service eyasenguka okuva mu [[Bush House]] oluvannyuma lwa liizi ya BBC okuggwaako. Okugaziya kuno okupya okugenda mu bukiikakkono n'obuvanjuba, okuyitibwa "New Broadcasting House", kulimu situdiyo za leediyo ne ttivvi empya eziwerako ez'omulembe nga zeetoolodde atrium ey'emyaliiro 11. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Sabbagh |first=Dan |date=7 September 2012 |title=The news from the BBC: its £1bn new base is finally coming on air |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911114538/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |archive-date=11 September 2018 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Enkola eno yatandika ne pulogulaamu y'omunda mu ggwanga eya ''[[The Andrew Marr Show]]'' nga 2 Ogwomwenda 2012, era yakomekkerezebwa n'okusenguka kw'omukutu gwa BBC News n'amawulire g'omunda nga 18 Ogwokusatu 2013. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Coomes |first=Phil |date=6 July 2012 |title=Goodbye Television Centre |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203151813/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |archive-date=3 February 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=BBC News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2012 |title=BBC News begins move into Broadcasting House |url=http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117060101/http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |archive-date=17 January 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |publisher=Newscast Studio}}</ref> <ref name="Last move">{{Cite news |date=18 March 2013 |title=BBC TV Centre broadcasts last network news bulletins |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21818963 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231012440/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-21818963 |archive-date=31 December 2020 |access-date=18 March 2013 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kirimu amawulire gonna ag’omunda mu ggwanga ne pulogulaamu ku ttivvi ne leediyo, wamu n’emikutu gya leediyo egy’ensi yonna egya [[BBC World Service]] n’omukutu gwa ttivvi ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]] . BBC News ne [[CBS News]] baatandikawo omukago n’okutereeza n'okukungaanya amawulire mu 2017, ne badda mu kifo ky’omukago ogwali gumaze ebbanga wakati wa BBC News ne [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2017 |title=BBC changes US news partner |url=https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331150107/https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |archive-date=31 March 2024 |access-date=31 March 2024}}</ref> Mu kunoonyereza [[Simmons Research|okwakolebwa aba Simmons Research]] mu Gwekkumi 2018 ku bitongole by’amawulire 38, BBC News yakwata ekifo eky’okuna mu kitongole ky’amawulire ekisinga okwesigika mu Bamerica, emabega wa CBS News, ABC News ne ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Benton |first=Joshua |author-link=Joshua Benton |date=5 October 2018 |title=Here's how much Americans trust 38 major news organizations (hint: not all that much!) |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208001945/https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=29 December 2022 |website=[[Nieman Lab]]}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 2020''' '''<br />'''Mu Gwolubereberye gwa 2020 BBC yalangirira nti BBC News yali esuubira okutereka ssente za pawundi obukadde 80 buli mwaka, 2022 we gunaatuukira, nga kino kizingiramu okukendeeza ku bakozi nga 450 okuva ku 6,000 abaliwo kati. Dayirekita wa BBC ow’amawulire n’ensonga eziri mu ggwanga [[Fran Unsworth]] yagambye nti wagenda kubaawo okugenda mu maaso n’okuweereza [[Digital broadcasting|ku mpewo mu ngeri ya digito]], mu kitundu okusikiriza abalabi abato okuddayo, n’okugatta bannamawulire okusingawo okukomya ttiimu ez’enjawulo okubunyisa amawulire ge gamu. <ref name="bbc-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=BBC News to close 450 posts as part of £80m savings drive |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215000003/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |archive-date=15 December 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=BBC News}}</ref><ref name="telegraph-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=Budget cuts will not solve the BBC's problems |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Okukendeeza ku bakozi abalala 70 kwalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2020. <ref name="guardian-20200715">{{Cite news |last=Waterson |first=Jim |date=15 July 2020 |title=BBC announces further 70 job cuts in news division |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101031912/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |archive-date=1 November 2020 |access-date=15 December 2020 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> [[BBC Three]] yatandika okuweereza pulogulaamu y’amawulire ''eya The Catch Up'' mu Gwokubiri 2022. Eweerezebwa Levi Jouavel, Kirsty Grant, ne Callum Tulley era nga egenderera okufuna abantu omukutu guno be gugenderera (ab'emyaka 16 okutuuka ku 34) okukola amakulu mu nsi ebabeetoolodde ate nga era liraga emboozi ezirina essuubi.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Kahn|first=Ellie|date=31 January 2022|title=BBC3 preps 'shareable' news bulletin|url=https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|url-access=subscription|magazine=[[Broadcast (magazine)|Broadcast]]|id={{ProQuest|2624210115}}|accessdate=16 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094756/https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|archivedate=16 May 2024}}</ref> Bw’ogeraageranya n'eyasooka eya ''[[60 Seconds|sekonda 60]]'', ''The Catch Up'' esingako emirundi esatu, etambula okumala eddakiika nga ssatu ate nga tefulumira ku mpewo ku wiikendi.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bryan |first=Scott |date=2 February 2022 |title='The whole launch show is a pre-record': we watched BBC Three's return to TV – so you didn't have to |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094726/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-date=16 May 2024 |access-date=16 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Okusinziira ku lipoota yaayo ey’omwaka we bwatuukira mu 2021 , Buyindi y’esinga okukozesa empeereza za BBC mu nsi yonna. [1] Mu Gwokutaano 2025, oluvannyuma lwa musisi eyakuba Myanmar ne Thailand, ekiwandiiko kya ttivvi (BBC News Myanmar) okuva mu mpeereza ya Burma nga kikozesa sseetilayiti ya [[Voice of America]] yatandika okuweereza.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lokalna wesja BBC News ruszy w DTH |url=https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513171919/https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |archive-date=13 May 2025 |access-date=13 May 2025 |work=satkurier.pl |language=Polish}}</ref> == Okukola pulogulaamu n’okukola alipoota == Mu Ogwekkuminoogumu 2023, BBC News yeegatta ku kibiina ky’ensi yonna ekya [[International Consortium of Investigative Journalists]], {{Interlanguage link|Paper trail media|lt=Paper Trail Media|de}}, ne kkampuni z'ammawulire ze baakolagananga nazo omwali [[:en:Distributed_Denial_of_Secrets|Distributed Denial of Secrets]] and the [[:en:Organised_Crime_and_Corruption_Reporting_Project|Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project]] (OCCRP) era bannamawulire abaasukka mu 270 mu nsi 55 n'amatwale <ref name=":022">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Inside Cyprus Confidential: The data-driven journalism that helped expose an island under Russian influence – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130214812/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |archive-date=30 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Distributed Denial of Secrets|​]] <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=About the Cyprus Confidential investigation – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121093552/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |archive-date=21 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Cyprus Confidential|​]][[Vladimir Putin|​]] okufulumya alipoota ya '[[:en:Cyprus_Confidential|Cyprus Confidential]]' okulaga entambula y'ebyensimbi ekiwagira obufuzi bwa [[:en:Vladimir_Putin|Vladimir Putin]], okusinga nga alina abantu mu Cyprus era n'eraga nti alina abantu baakolagana nabo eenyo ab’oku ntikko mu Kremlin, abamu ku bo baaweebwa envumbo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential: Leaked Roman Abramovich documents raise fresh questions for Chelsea FC: ICIJ-led investigation reveals how Mediterranean island ignores Russian atrocities and western sanctions to cash in on Putin's oligarchs |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115073523/https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |archive-date=15 November 2023 |access-date=15 November 2023 |work=The Irish Times |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224150800/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=14 November 2023 |website=icij.org}}</ref> Abakungu ba gavumenti omuli pulezidenti wa Cyprus [[Nikos Christodoulides]] <ref name=":72">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cypriot president pledges government probe into Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214203142/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> n’ababaka ba Palamenti mu Bulaaya <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2023 |title=Lawmakers call for EU crackdown after ICIJ's Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114123/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> baatandika okwanukula ebizuuliddwa mu kunoonyereza mu ssaawa ezitakka wansi wa 24,<ref name=":72" /> nga basaba ennongoosereza n’okutongoza okunoonyereza.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus ignores Russian atrocities, Western sanctions to shield vast wealth of Putin allies – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214002320/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Finance Minister perturbed over 'Cyprus Confidential' |url=https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114126/https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |website=knews.com.cy}}</ref> '''<br />Ttivvi yaabwe''' BBC News y’evunaanyizibwa ku pulogulaamu z’amawulire n’ebiwandiiko ku mikutu gya ttivvi za BBC egy’awamu, wamu n’okufulumya amawulire ku mukutu gwa BBC News Channel mu Bungereza, n’okukola pulogulaamu ez’essaawa 22 ku mukutu gw’ekitongole kino ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC World Service {{!}} WNYC {{!}} New York Public Radio, Podcasts, Live Streaming Radio, News |url=https://www.wnyc.org/shows/bbc-world-service/about |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=WNYC |language=en |archive-date=2025-11-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251107122458/https://www.wnyc.org/shows/bbc-world-service/about |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-13 |title=How it works… BBC World TV and Radio |url=https://roxhillmedia.com/resources/pr-insights/how-it-works-bbc-world-tv-and-radio/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=roxhillmedia.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Okuwandiika ku [[BBC Parliament|Palamenti ya BBC]] kukolebwa ku lwa BBC mu [[Millbank]] Studios, wadde nga BBC News egaba ebikwata ku bafulumya n’amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Parliament |url=https://www.freeview.co.uk/get-freeview-play/channels/bbc-parliament |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=www.freeview.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> Ebirimu bya BBC News era bifulumizibwa ku ttivvi za BBC eza digito ezikwatagana wansi w’akabonero ka [[BBC Red Button]], era okutuusa mu 2012, ku nkola ya [[Ceefax]] [[teletext]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Perraudin |first=Frances |date=16 September 2019 |title=BBC to switch off Red Button information service in 2020 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714143124/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Ennyimba ku pulogulaamu zonna ez'amawulire ku ttivvi za BBC gwatongozebwa mu 1999 era nga zaayimbibwa [[David Lowe (television and radio composer)|David Lowe]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=3 November 2015 |title=Column: David Lowe – the man who changed news music forever |url=https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160751/https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=NewscastStudio |language=en-US}}</ref> Yali emu ku kuddamu okussaako akabonero akaatandika mu 1999 era nga kuliko ' [[BBC Pips]] '.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=23 September 2019 |title=What is the music used in TV news programmes? {{!}} Classical-Music.com |url=http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925114905/http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |archive-date=25 September 2019 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=BBC Music Magazine}}</ref> Omulamwa ogw’awamu gwakozesebwa ku mawulire ku [[BBC One]], News 24, BBC World ne pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu ggwanga mu BBC’s [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|Nations and Regions]] .<ref name=":2" /> Lowe era ye yali avunaanyizibwa ku nnyimba zino ku Radio One's ''[[Newsbeat]]'' .<ref name=":2" /> Omulamwa guno gubadde n’enkyukakyuka eziwerako okuva mu 1999, eyasembyeyo mu Gwokusatu 2013.<ref name=":1" /> Omukutu gw'amawulire [[BBC Arabic Television|ogwa BBC Arabic Television]] gwatongozebwa nga 11 Gwokusatu 2008,<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2008 |title=BBC Arabic-language television channel to be launched 11 March |url=https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160936/https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=Arab Media & Society |language=en-US}}</ref> [[BBC Persian Television|omukutu ogw'olulimi Olupersia]] gwagobererwa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2009,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Committee |first=Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Foreign Affairs |date=2009 |title=Foreign and Commonwealth Office annual report 2007-08: report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101 |publisher=The Stationery Office |isbn=978-0-215-52627-4 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132819/https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101#v=snippet&q=bbc%20news%20a%20Persian-language%20channel%20followed%20on%2014%20January%202009&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> nga guweereza okuva mu kiwayi kya Peel ekya Broadcasting House; byombi birimu amawulire, okwekenneenya, okubuuza ebibuuzo, ebyemizannyo n’eby’obuwangwa eby’amaanyi era nga biddukanyizibwa [[BBC World Service]] era nga biweebwa ssente okuva mu nsimbi eziweebwayo okuva mu [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office|ofiisi ya Bungereza ey’ensonga z’ebweru]] (so si [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom|layisinsi ya ttivvi]] ).<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 April 2007 |script-title=fa:آگهی استخدام در تلویزیون فارسی بی بی سی |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915193131/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |archive-date=15 September 2008 |access-date=4 January 2009 |work=BBC News |language=fa}}</ref> Empeereza ya [[BBC Verify]] yatongozebwa mu 2023 okukebera amawulire [[Fact-check|amatuufu]], n’eddirirwa BBC Verify Live mu 2025.<ref name="live">{{Cite web |last=Turness |first=Deborah |date=2 June 2025 |title=BBC Verify Live |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2025/bbc-verify-live |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Leediyo''' '''yaayo''' BBC Radio News efulumya amawulire agakwata ku leediyo z’eggwanga eza BBC era egaba obubaka ku lwa leediyo za BBC ez’omu ggwanga ng’eyita mu General News Service (GNS), empeereza y’okusaasaanya mawulire ey’omunda mu BBC <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith, Mort |date=23 October 2012 |title=Ceefax: The early days |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811184649/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |archive-date=11 August 2018 |access-date=21 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref>. BBC News tefulumya mawulire ga BBC agakwata ku bitundu, agafulumizibwa amawanga ssekinnoomu aga BBC n’ebitundu byennyini. Ekitongole kya BBC World Service kiweereza abantu nga 150 abantu obukadde mu Lungereza awamu n’ennimi 27 okwetoloola ensi yonna.<ref name="About WS">{{Cite web |title=About the World Service |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318055140/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |archive-date=18 March 2013 |access-date=18 March 2013 |website=Help |publisher=BBC}}</ref> BBC Radio News ye muyambi w'ekitongole kya [[Radio Academy]].<ref>The Radio Academy [http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/ "Patrons"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107234239/http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/|date=7 January 2010}}.</ref> '''Ku mukutu emigatta bantu''' BBC News Online gwe mukutu gw'amawulire ogwa BBC Gwatongozebwa mu Gwekkumineebiri 1997,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 December 2005 |title=BBC News Interactive's new editor |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106140827/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |archive-date=6 January 2008 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> naye gw’egumu ku mikutu gy’amawulire egisinga okwettanirwa,<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2022 |title=Top Websites Ranking for News & Media Publishers in the world |url=https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430115953/https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |archive-date=30 April 2021 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=SimilarWeb}}</ref> nga gwalina akawumbi 1.2 ak'abantu abaagukyaliranga we bwatuukira mu Gwokuna 2021,<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2021 |title=New data shows BBC is the world's most visited news site |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250112113236/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |archive-date=12 January 2025 |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=BBC News |language=en |quote=The BBC's online news brands .. came in first place with a combined 1.2 billion website visits in April 2021.}}</ref> nga kwotadde n’okukozesebwa ebitundu 60% ku abo bakozesa yintaneeti mu Bungereza okufuna amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2022 |title=News Consumption in the UK: 2022 |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019163415/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |archive-date=19 October 2022 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=Ofcom}}</ref> Omukutu guno gulimu amawulire ag’ensi yonna awamu n’amawulire agakwata ku by’amasanyu, emizannyo, ssaayansi n’ebyobufuzi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 November 2003 |title=Help – About our site |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070328040313/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |archive-date=28 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> [[Apu z’oku ssimu]] ez’enkola za [[Android]], [[iOS]] ne [[Windows Phone]] ziweereddwayo okuva mu 2010.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 July 2010 |title=BBC News iPhone and iPad app launches in the UK |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125142437/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |archive-date=25 January 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Pulogulaamu nnyingi eza ttivvi ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa ku mpeereza za [[BBC iPlayer]] ne [[BBC Sounds]] . Omukutu gwa BBC News nagwo gusobola okulabwa essaawa 24 buli lunaku, ate vidiyo ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa mu mikutu gy’amawulire egy’oku yintaneeti.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 August 2006 |title=Help – Your guide to the BBC News Player |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315183757/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |archive-date=15 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumi 2019, BBC News Online yatongoza endabirwamu ku mukutu gwa [[dark web]] anonymity network [[ogwa Tor]] mu kaweefube w’okwewala okusengejjebwa. == <big>Okukomelerwa Abantu</big> == '''Obwetwaze mu byobufuzi n’ebyobusuubuzi''' BBC eragiddwa mu ndagaano yaayo egikkiriza okukola mu bujjuvu obutaba na buyinza bwa byabufuzi na byabusuubuzi era ng’eddamu abalabi n’abawuliriza bokka. Obugenderevu buno obw’ebyobufuzi oluusi bubuusibwabuusibwa. Okugeza, ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' (3 Ogwomunaana 2005) yatwala ebbaluwa okuva ew'omuntu w'ekitongole kya [[KGB]] [[Oleg Gordievsky]], ng'agiyita "The Red Service". Ebitabo biwandiikiddwa ku nsonga eno omuli ebitabo ebiwakanya BBC nga ''Truth Betrayed'' eya WJ West ne ''The Truth Twisters'' eya Richard Deacon. Ababaka ba Palamenti aba Conservative baabalumiriza okuba ne kyekubiira<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 February 2020 |title=BBC licence fee: Tory MPs warn No 10 against fight |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604190724/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |archive-date=4 June 2021 |access-date=4 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekitabo kya BBC ekiyitibwa Editorial Guidelines on Politics and Public Policy kigamba nti wadde nga "amaloboozi n'endowooza z'ebibiina ebivuganya gavumenti birina okufulumizibwa bulijjo n'okusoomoozebwa", "gavumenti eri mu buyinza y'etera okuba ensibuko y'amawulire enkulu".<ref name="BBCEditorialGuidelines">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt "Editorial Guidelines Extracts"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307235004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt|date=7 March 2013}}, [[BBC]].</ref> BBC bulijjo gavumenti erumiriza olw’okwekubira ng’ewagira ab’oludda oluvuganya ate n’abavuganya gavumenti ne baginenya nga bagamba nti yeekubira ku ludda lwa gavumenti. Mu ngeri y’emu, mu biseera by’olutalo, BBC etera okulumirizibwa gavumenti ya Bungereza, oba abawagizi ab’amaanyi aba kampeyini z’amagye ga Bungereza, nti esaasira nnyo ku ndowooza y’omulabe. Omuko ogwa ''[[Newsnight]]'' ku ntandikwa [[Falklands War|y'olutalo lw'e Falklands]] mu 1982 gwayogerwako nga "kumpi ogw'okulya mu nsi olukwe" [[John Page (MP for Harrow West)|John Page]], omubaka wa Palamenti, eyawakanya [[Peter Snow]] ng'agamba nti "bwe tukkiriza Abangereza".<ref name="Falklands Newsnight">Denis Taylor, "BBC broadcasts jammed", ''The Times'', 4 May 1982, p. 2.</ref> Mu lutalo lwa [[Gulf War]] olwasooka, abaavumirira BBC baatandika okukozesa erinnya ery'okusaaga erya "Baghdad Broadcasting Corporation".<ref name="news24">{{Cite news |date=21 July 2003 |title=BBC versus British government |url=http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0,,2-10-1462_1390672,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309115833/http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0%2C%2C2-10-1462_1390672%2C00.html |archive-date=9 March 2008 |publisher=News 24}}</ref> Mu [[Kosovo War|lutalo lw'e Kosovo]], BBC zaayitibwa ba minisita ba Bungereza "Belgrade Broadcasting Corporation" (ekiraga nti baali bawagira gavumenti ya [[FR Yugoslavia]] okusinga abayeekera ab'amawanga [[Albanians|ga Albania]] ) <ref name="news24" /> wadde nga [[Slobodan Milosević]] (mu kiseera ekyo pulezidenti wa FRY) yagamba nti ebiwandiiko bya BBC byali bisosola eggwanga lye.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 August 2002 |title=Milosevic attacks BBC 'bias' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708024137/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=1 January 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Okwawukanako n'ekyo, abamu ku abo abeeyisa nga abawakanya entalo mu Bungereza oba abaawakanya entalo z'amawanga amalala baalumirizza BBC okwekubira mu mateeka oba okugaana okuwa amaloboozi "agalwanyisa entalo". Oluvannyuma lw’okulumba Iraq mu 2003, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya Cardiff University School of Journalism ku lipoota y’olutalo kwazuula nti ku buli kkumi ebigambo mwenda ebikwata ku by’okulwanyisa bi nnamuzisa mu kiseera ky’olutalo byalowooza nti Iraq yabirina, era omu yekka ku buli 10 ye yabuusabuusa enteebereza eno. Era yakizuukira nti, mu mikutu gya Bungereza emikulu egyali gikwata olutalo, BBC ye yalabika okusinga okukozesa gavumenti n’amagye ga Bungereza ng’ensibuko yaayo ey'amawulire. Era ye yali esuubirwa ekitono ennyo okukozesa ensonda ezeetongodde, nga Red Cross, ezaali zisinga okuvumirira olutalo. Bwe kyatuuka ku kuwa alipoota ku bantu abafiira mu Iraq, okunoonyereza kuno kwazuula alipoota ntono ku BBC okusinga ku mikutu emirala esatu emikulu. Omuwandiisi wa alipoota eno, [[Justin Lewis (media scholar)|Justin Lewis]], yawandiika nti "Ewala ennyo okuva ku kulaga nti BBC ewakanya olutalo, bye tuzudde bitera okuwa obwesige eri abo abaawakanya BBC olw'okulumirirwa ennyo gavumenti mu kukwata amawulire g'entalo zaayo. Mu ngeri yonna, kyeyoleka lwatu nti okulumiriza BBC okwekubira mu lutalo kulemererwa okuyimirirawo okwekenneenya kwonna okw'amaanyi oba okuwangaala." <ref>{{Cite book |last=McNair |first=Brian |date=18 February 2009 |title=News and Journalism in the UK |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HlB8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA79 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1134128846 |page=79 |access-date=17 March 2014}}</ref> Okulondebwa kwa BBC okwamaanyi buli kiseera kwekenneenyezebwa emikutu gy’amawulire n’ebyobufuzi mu Bungereza okulaba oba waliwo obubonero obulaga nti balina kyekubiira mu byobufuzi. Okulondebwa kwa [[Greg Dyke]] ku bwa Dayirekita omukulu kwayogerwako ensonda mu mawulire kubanga Dyke yali mmemba w’ekibiina kya Labour Party era nga yali mulwanirizi w’addembe ly’obuntu, nga kw’otadde n'okuba mukwano gwa [[Tony Blair]] . Eyali omuwandiisi w’ebyobufuzi mu BBC, [[Nick Robinson (journalist)|Nick Robinson]], emyaka egiyise yali ssentebe w’ekibiina kya [[Young Conservatives (UK)|Young Conservatives]] era ekyavaamu, yasikiriza okunenya okutali kutongole okuva mu gavumenti eyasooka eya Labour, kyokka [[Andrew Marr]] eyamusooka yayolekagana n’okuwoza okufaananako okuva ku ddyo kubanga yali muwandiisi wa ''[[The Independent]]'', olupapula lw’amawulire olw’eddembe, nga tannalondebwa mu 2000. [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]], eyali Dayirekita omukulu owa BBC, yakkiriza nti ekibiina kino kyali kyekubira " okudda ku kkono" emabegako. Yagamba nti, "Mu BBC gye nneegattako emyaka 30 egiyise, waaliwo, mu bintu bingi ebigenda mu maaso, mu byobufuzi by'abantu ssekinnoomu, ebyali eby'olwatu, ku kwekubira okw'amaanyi eri kkono".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Yesawich |first=Avi |title=Report: BBC dir.-gen. admits previous organizational bias |url=https://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511111244/http://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Awo n'agattako nti, "Ekibiina kyalwanira ddala mu kiseera ekyo n'obuteekubira. Kati mulembe gwa njawulo ddala. Waliwo obusosoze bw'ebika obutono ennyo obw'olwatu mu bannamawulire abato abakolera BBC." Oluvannyuma lw’akalulu [[Brexit|ka EU]] mu 2016, abamu ku baavumirira baagamba nti BBC yalina oludda ng’ewagira okuva mu mukago gwa EU. Okugeza mu 2018, BBC yafuna okwemulugunya okuva mu bantu abaatwala ensonga nti BBC teyakwata kimala ku kutambula okulwanyisa Brexit ate ng’ewa emikolo emitonotono egyategekebwa eyali omukulembeze wa UKIP Nigel Farage obudde bungi ku mpewo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Galsworthy |first=Mike |title=What's actually going on with the BBC and Brexit bias? |url=https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032408/https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=politics.co.uk}}</ref> Ate okunoonyereza okwafulumizibwa YouGov kwalaga nti abantu 45% abaalonda okuva mu mukago gwa EU baalowooza nti BBC ‘ewakanya nnyo Brexit’ bw’ogeraageranya n’abalonzi 13% ab’ekika kye kimu abaalowooza nti BBC yali ewagira Brexit.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Matthew |title=Is BBC News pro-Brexit or anti-Brexit? |url=https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032405/https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=YouGov}}</ref> '''<big>E buyindi</big><big><br /></big>'''Mu 2008, [[BBC News|BBC Hindi]] yavumirira emikutu gy'amawulire egimu egy'Abayindi olw'okuyita abatujju abaakola [[obulumbaganyi bw'e Mumbai mu 2008]] nti "abakubi b'emmundu".<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Dec222008/editpage20081221108056.asp Mealy-mouthed BBC]{{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The BBC cannot see the difference between a criminal and a terrorist |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908211553/http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |archive-date=8 September 2013 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Eky’okuddamu ku kino kyayongera okunenya okwasooka okuva mu bamu ku baawa endowooza zaabwe ku nsonga Abayindi nga bagamba nti BBC eyinza okuba n’okwekubira mu [[Indophobic]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2004 |title=BBC coverage biased, say British Hindus |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515113814/http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |archive-date=15 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2015, BBC yavumwa olw’ekiwandiiko kya BBC [[Storyville (TV series)|''Storyville'']] nga kibuuza omu ku baasobya ku bakazi mu Buyindi. Wadde nga kkooti enkulu ya Buyindi yakiwera, <ref>{{Cite news |last=Madison Park and Harmeet Shah Singh |date=4 March 2015 |title=Indian court bans controversial interview with convicted rapist |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424230948/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |archive-date=24 April 2015 |access-date=9 May 2015 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> BBC ekyalaga ekiwandiiko kya " [[India's Daughter|Muwala wa Buyindi]] " ebweru wa Buyindi. '''Okubuuliriza kwa Hutton''' BBC News yali wakati mu butakkaanya mu byobufuzi oluvannyuma lw'[[okulumba Iraq mu 2003]]. Alipoota ssatu eza BBC News ( [[Andrew Gilligan]] ’s on ''Today'', Gavin Hewitt’s on ''The Ten O’Clock News'' n'endalaku ''Newsnight'' ) zaajuliza ensonda etaategeerekeka mannya eyagamba nti gavumenti ya Bungereza (naddala ofiisi ya Ssaabaminisita) yayooyoota Dossier y'Ogwomwenda n’okusaakiriza ekya Iraq okuba n'e [[by'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa]]. Gavumenti yavumirira amawulire gano era n’elumiriza ekitongole kino okukola amawulire obubi. Mu wiiki ezaddirira ekitongole kino kyayimirira ku alipoota eno, ne kigamba nti kyalina ensonda eyeesigika. Oluvannyuma lw’okuteeberezebwa okw’amaanyi mu mawulire, [[David Kelly (weapons expert)|David Kelly]] yaweebwayo mu mawulire ng’ensibuko y’emboozi ya Gilligan eya nga 9 Ogwomusanvu 2003. Kelly yasangibwa ng’afudde, nga yeetuze, mu nnimiro okumpi n’amaka ge ku makya nga 18 Ogwomusanvu. Okunoonyereza okwakulemberwa [[Brian Hutton, Baron Hutton|Lord Hutton]] kwalangirirwa gavumenti ya Bungereza enkeera okunoonyereza ku mbeera eyaviirako Kelly okufa, ne bamaliriza nti "Dr. Kelly yetta bwessi." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vikram Dodd |date=16 July 2013 |title=Dr David Kelly: 10 years on, death of scientist remains unresolved for some |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324180323/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |archive-date=24 March 2017 |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref> Mu lipoota ye nga 28 Ogwolubereberye 2004, Lord Hutton yamaliriza agamba nti Gilligan bye yasooka okulumirizibwa tebyalina musingi era enkola ya BBC ey'okuwandiika n'okuddukanya emirimu gyayo yali "erimu obuzibu". Okusingira ddala, yavumirira nnyo olujegere lw’abaddukanya emirimu olwaleetera BBC okulwanirira emboozi yaayo. Dayirekita wa BBC, [[Richard Sambrook]], alipoota egamba nti yali akkirizza ekigambo kya Gilligan nti emboozi ye ntuufu wadde ng’ebiwandiiko bye tebyatuukirira. Olwo Davies yali ategeezezza olukiiko lwa BBC Olw'okuntikko oba Board of Governors nti musanyufu n’emboozi eno era n’ategeeza Ssaabaminisita nti okunoonyereza okw’omunda okumatiza kwaliwo. Olukiiko olufuzi, wansi w’okulungamizibwa ssentebe, [[Gavyn Davies]], lwakkirizza nti okwongera okunoonyereza ku kwemulugunya kwa Gavumenti kwali tekwetaagisa. Olw’okunenya okwali mu alipoota ya Hutton, Davies yalekulira ku lunaku lwe yafulumizibwa. BBC News yafuna kugezesebwa okukulu, ne yeekolako alipoota n'okugifulumya , kyokka olw'okukkiriza okwawamu (okw'olukiiko olwokuntikko) kino yakiddukanya "mu bwetwaze, awatali kyekubiira era mu bwesimbu".<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC Iraq war coverage criticised |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315044309/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |archive-date=15 March 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Davies okulekulira kwaddirirwa okulekulira kwa [[Dayirekita General]], [[Greg Dyke]], enkeera, n’okulekulira kwa Gilligan nga 30 Ogwolubereberye . Wadde nga awatali kubuusabuusa kyali kizibu nnyo eri ekitongole kino, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ICM mu Gwokuna 2003 kwalaga nti kyali kikuumye ekifo kyakyo ng’ekitongole ekisinga obulungi era ekyesigika mu kuwa amawulire.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC report 2004: At a glance |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040715042305/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |archive-date=15 July 2004 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Douglas Davis, omusasi wa London owa ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]'', ayogedde ku BBC okuwandiika ku [[lutalo lw’Abawalabu ne Yisirayiri]] nga “okulaga okutasalako, okw’oludda olumu ku Yisirayiri ng’eggwanga erya sitaani, ery’abamenyi b’amateeka n’Abayisirayiri ng’abanyigiriza abalala mu bukambwe ekirimu obubonero bwonna obwa kampeyini ey’okuvumaganya abantu, mu kumanya oba , obutamanya erina ekikolwa eky’okuggya eggwanga ly’Abayudaaya mu kugoberera amateeka n’ozuukusa obukyayi obw'edda obw'ekizikiza obw'Abazungu obwali tebugumiikiriza kwogera linnya lyabwo okumala ekitundu ky'ekyasa ekyayita."<ref name="Davis130">Davis, Douglas.</ref> Wabula okunoonyereza okunene okwe mirundi ebiri okwetongodde, okumu okwakolebwa Loughborough University ate okulala okwakolebwa Glasgow University’s Media Group era kwawunzika kugamba nti endowooza za Yisirayiri ziweebwa okufulumizibwa okusingawo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Downey |first=John |last2=Deacon |first2=David |last3=Golding |first3=Peter |last4=Oldfield |first4=B |last5=Wring |first5=Dominic |year=2006 |title=The BBC's reporting of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict |url=https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250823214715/https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |archive-date=23 August 2025 |access-date=21 May 2025 |website=Loughborough University Institutional Repository}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Read |first=James |date=22 June 2004 |title=Palestine issue confuses Britons |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123001938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |archive-date=23 January 2009 |access-date=27 September 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Abavumirira BBC bagamba nti lipoota ya Balen ekakasa nti erimu kyekubiira mu nkola entegeke ku Yisirayiri mu pulogulaamu z’amawulire agakola emitwe. The ''[[Daily Mail]]'' ne ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' baavumirira BBC olw’okusaasaanya obutitimbe bwa pawundi ez’abawi b’omusolo mu Bungereza okulemesa lipoota eno okufulumizibwa eri abantu.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081013035628/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece BBC fights to suppress internal report into allegations of bias against Israel] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013035628/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece|date=13 October 2008}} by Andy McSmith (''The Independent'') 28 March 2007.</ref><ref>T''Telegraph'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20061018094538/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/10/15/nbeeb15.xml BBC mounts court fight to keep 'critical' report secret], 15 October 2006.</ref> [[Jeremy Bowen]], Omutereeza w'amawulire ga BBC world news, mu Middle East, yaggyibwayo aba [[BBC Trust]] olwa kyekubiira era baasalawo nti yamenya "ebiragiro bya BBC ku butuufu n'obutaba na ludda."<ref name="ind160409">''[[The Independent]]'', 16 April 2009, [https://web.archive.org/web/20090418210846/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/tv-radio/bowen-breached-rules-on-impartiality-1669278.html Bowen 'breached rules on impartiality'].</ref> Akakiiko akeetongodde akaalondebwa ekitongole kya [[BBC Trust]] kaatandikibwawo mu 2006 okwekenneenya obutasosola mu ngeri BBC gye yafulumya ku butakkaanya wakati wa Yisirayiri ne Palestine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Impartiality Review: Israeli-Palestinian Conflict |url=http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000035/http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |archive-date=14 June 2007 |access-date=14 May 2007 |website=BBC Governors}}</ref> Okwekenneenya kw'akakiiko kwali nti "ng'oggyeeko ebisobyo by'omuntu ssekinnoomu, tewaaliwo nsonga y'amaanyi eyali ereetera abantu okugamba nti obwakyekubiira bwali bugenderere." Wadde nga bategeera "okwewaayo okubeera abatuufu mu bwenkanya era nga tebalina kyekubiira" n'okutendereza ebingi ku biwandiiko bya BBC akakiiko akeetongodde kaamaliriza "nti ebifulumizibwa BBC tebiwa bulijjo ebifa mu lutalo mu bujjuvu era mu bwenkanya. Mu ngeri ezimu ekifaananyi tekituukiridde era, mu ngeri eyo, kibuzaabuza." Etegeeza nti, "okulemererwa okutuusa obulungi enjawulo mu bumanyirivu bwa Yisirayiri ne Palestine, [kiraga] nti oludda olumu lwe lufuga ate olulala lubeera wansi w'obuwambe". Ng’awandiika mu lupapula lwa ''Financial Times'', [[Philip Stephens (journalist)|Philip Stephens]], omu ku bakubaganya b'ebirowoozo ku kakiiko, oluvannyuma yanenya dayirekita wa BBC Mark Thompson, olw'okubuzaabuza bye baasalawo ku kakiiko kano. Yayongera okuwa endowooza ye nga agamba nti "Endowooza yange eri nti okuwandiika amawulire ga BBC nakyo kifiiriddwa obweyamo bwakyo obw'obutaba na ludda obwali obw'amaanyi, n'okussa ekitiibwa ekyetaagisa eri enkola ya demokulasiya. Bwemba ndi mutuufu, BBC, nayo, ebuze".<ref>Philip Stephens: BBC is losing public service plot, ''Financial Times'', 20 June 2006.</ref> Mark Thompson yafulumya ekiwandiiko ekyegaana mu lupapula lwa FT enkeera waalwo.<ref>The BBC's success story has a public service plot, Mark Thompson, ''Financial Times'', 21 June 2006.</ref> Ennyonyola y’omusasi omu owa BBC ng’awandiika ku kuziika kwa [[Yassir Arafat]] nti yali alese amaziga mu maaso ge. Ebigambo ebyo byaleetawo ebibuuzo ebirala eby’obutaba na kyekubiira, naddala okuva ewa Martin Walker <ref name="Walker">{{Cite news |last=Walker |first=Martin |date=11 May 2006 |title=The BBC pro-Israeli? Is the Pope Jewish?-Comment-Columnists-Guest contributors |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,1072-2174641,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001075902/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,1072-2174641,00.html |archive-date=1 October 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> mu kitundu ky’okuwa endowooza y’omugenyi mu pulogulaamu ya ''[[The Times]]'', eyaggyayo omusango ogulabika ogwa Fayad Abu Shamala, omusasi wa [[BBC Arabic]] Service, eyategeeza olukungaana lwa [[Hamas]] nga 6 Ogwokutaano 2001, nti bannamawulire mu Gaza baali "bakola kampeyini zino nga bali wamu n'abantu ba Palestine".<ref name="Walker" /> [[Tom Gross]], ng'awandiika mu ''[[National Review]]'', yavumirira BBC okukwata [[abantu ba Hamas abeetulisizaako bbomu]] <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100628025507/http://old.nationalreview.com/comment/gross200406181018.asp Tom Gross on BBC] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628025507/http://old.nationalreview.com/comment/gross200406181018.asp|date=28 June 2010}} National Review Online.</ref> n'okuyita kwayo okwa [[Jenny Tonge]] ne [[Tom Paulin]] ng'abagenyi ab'pkwogera ku nsonga, n'agamba nti Paulin "yageraageranya abasenze Abayudaaya n'Abanazi". Paulin emabegako yali yategeeza nti [[Israeli settlers|abasenze mu Yisirayiri]] baalina "okukubwa amasasi bafe", era n'agamba nti yali asobola "okutegeera engeri abeetulisizaako bbomu gye baali bawuliramu".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hall |first=Sarah |date=13 April 2002 |title=Death to Jewish settlers, says anti-Zionist poet |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/apr/13/israel.booksnews |access-date=4 November 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> BBC era yayolekera okunenyezebwa olw’obutalaga ku mpewo kulaajana kwa buyambi bwa [[kakiiko k’ebyigwa bitalaze]] eri Abapalestine abaabonaabona mu Gaza mu lutalo olw’ennaku 22 eyo wakati w’enkomerero ya 2008 n’okutandika kwa 2009. Emikutu emirala emikulu egya Bungereza egisinga gyakola ku mpewo okujulira kuno, naye Sky News eyali evuganya nayo teyakukola.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Percival |first=Jenny |last2=Holmwood |first2=Leigh |last3=Lewis |first3=Paul |date=26 January 2009 |title=Sky and BBC refuse to air Gaza appeal |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/jan/26/gaza-israel-palestinians-bbc |access-date=20 April 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Munnamawulire w’e Bungereza [[Julie Burchill]] yalumiriza BBC okuleeta “embeera y’okutya” eri [[Abayudaaya b’e Bungereza]] olw’okulaga Yisirayiri okwali kuyitiridde bw’ogeraageranya n’amawanga amalala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burchill |first=Julie |date=18 June 2010 |title=How the British media get their kicks |url=https://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/Article.aspx?id=178724 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024041913/http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/Article.aspx?id=178724 |archive-date=24 October 2012 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Olw’olutalo lw’e [[Gaza war|Gaza]], BBC yayimiriza bannamawulire Abawalabu musanvu ku bigambibwa nti baali bawagira Hamas nga bayita ku mikutu gya yintaneeti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2023 |title=BBC Suspends, Investigates 7 Arab Journalists over Hamas Support |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bbc-urgently-investigating-group-arab-173746683.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132822/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bbc-urgently-investigating-group-arab-173746683.html |archive-date=24 November 2023 |access-date=22 October 2023}}</ref> BBC ne ABC bagabana ebitundu bya vidiyo n’abasasi nga bwe kyetaagisa mu kufulumya amawulire gaabwe. BBC eraga ''[[ABC World News Tonight]] ne [[David Muir]]'' mu Bungereza. Wabula mu Gwomusanvu 2017, BBC yalangirira enkolagana empya ne [[CBS News]] eyasobozesa ebibiina byombi okugabana vidiyo, ebirimu mu biwandiiko, n’ebintu ebirala eby’okukung’aanya amawulire mu New York, London, Washington n’ensi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=13 July 2017 |title=CBS News and BBC News join forces around the globe |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-bbc-join-forces/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713124235/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-bbc-join-forces/ |archive-date=13 July 2017 |access-date=13 July 2017 |publisher=CBS News}}</ref> BBC News ewandiika ku mpeereza za waya okuva mu bitongole by’ensi yonna ebikulembedde omuli [[PA Media]] (eyali Press Association), [[Reuters]], ne [[Agence France-Presse]] . Mu Gwokuna 2017, BBC yasuula [[Associated Press]] n’ewagira empeereza eyali erinnyisiddwa omutindo okuva mu AFP <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2017 |title=The BBC drops AP for AFPTV – read the AP Statement |url=https://photoarchivenews.com/news/the-bbc-drops-ap-for-afptv-ap-statement/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011231855/https://photoarchivenews.com/news/the-bbc-drops-ap-for-afptv-ap-statement/ |archive-date=11 October 2017 |access-date=21 July 2017}}</ref> '''<big>Endowooza ya gavumenti z’amawanga amalala</big>''' Abasasi ba BBC News n’empeereza ku mpewo mu biseera bino n'ebyemabega baawerebwa mu mawanga agawerako okusinga olw’okufulumya amawulire agazze gawakanya gavumenti eziba mu buyinza. Ng’ekyokulabirako, abawandiisi b’amawulire baali bawereddwa gavumenti eyali ey’obusosoze mu mawanga ga South Africa. BBC yawerebwa mu [[Zimbabwe ku mulembe gwa Mugabe]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Broadcasting of BBC in Zimbabwe stopped |url=http://www.afrol.com/News2002/zim040_joytv_bbc.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930180629/http://www.afrol.com/News2002/zim040_joytv_bbc.htm |archive-date=30 September 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |publisher=afrol – African News Agency}}</ref> okumala emyaka munaana ng'ekibiina ky'abatujju okutuusa lwe yakkirizibwa okuddamu okukola oluvannyuma lw'omwaka ogusukka mu gumu ng'okulonda kwa 2008 kuwedde.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Resuming operations in Zimbabwe |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2009/07/resuming_operations_in_zimbabw.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202055243/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2009/07/resuming_operations_in_zimbabw.html |archive-date=2 February 2019 |access-date=29 July 2009}}</ref> BBC yawerebwa mu Burma ( Myanmar) oluvannyuma lw’okuwandiika n’okunnyonnyola ku kwekalakaasa okwaliwo nga bawakanya gavumenti eyo mu Gwomwenda 2007. Envumbo eno yaggyibwawo oluvannyuma lw’emyaka ena mu Gwomwenda wa 2011. Abalala abaabateekako envumbo kwaliko Uzbekistan,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Whitlock |first=Monica |date=5 November 2005 |title=BBC NEWS – Programmes – From Our Own Correspondent – Uzbeks banish BBC after massacre reports |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/4407086.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314044208/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/4407086.stm |archive-date=14 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> China,<ref>{{Cite web |title=AsiaMedia : China : Censor blocks sensitive issues in BBC series |url=http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=21745 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310194208/http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=21745 |archive-date=10 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007}}</ref> ne Pakistan.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4437494.stm BBC Urdo taken off Pakistan radio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051231214057/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4437494.stm|date=31 December 2005}} – BBC News: 15 November 2005.</ref> BBC Persian, omukutu gwa BBC ogw'amawulire mu lulimi [[Oluperusi]], gwaziyizibwa ku yintaneeti ya Iran mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Smith |first=James F. |last2=Barnard |first2=Anne |date=18 December 2006 |title=Iran bloggers test regime's tolerance |url=http://archive.boston.com/news/world/middleeast/articles/2006/12/18/iran_bloggers_test_regimes_tolerance/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016191018/http://boston.com/news/world/articles/2006/12/18/iran_bloggers_test_regimes_tolerance/ |archive-date=16 October 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=The Boston Globe}}</ref> Omukutu gwa BBC News gwaddamu okufulumizibwa mu China mu Gwokusatu 2008,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090408024616/http://abclive.in/abclive_global/bbc-news-website-china.html BBC News Website Gets Access in China] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090408024616/http://abclive.in/abclive_global/bbc-news-website-china.html|date=8 April 2009}} Dinesh Singh-Rawat, ABC Live, 25 March 2008.</ref> naye we bwatuukira mu Gwekkumi 2014 , yaddamu okugaanibwa.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/corporate2/mediacentre/statements/website-china BBC statement regarding China blocking BBC News website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208041921/http://www.bbc.co.uk/corporate2/mediacentre/statements/website-china|date=8 December 2019}} ''BBC News'' 25 October 2014</ref> Mu Gwomukaaga 2015, gavumenti ya Rwanda yassaawo envumbo etaliiko kiseera ku mpewo za BBC oluvannyuma lw’okulaga ekiwandiiko ekyalimu okusika omuguwa ku [[Rwandan genocide|kittabantu ekyaliwo mu Rwanda]] mu 1994, mu lugero lwa ''Rwanda’s Untold Story'', olwalagibwa ku BBC2 nga 1 Ogwekkumi 2014. Ofiisi ya Bungereza ey'ensonga z'ebweru yategeera "obulumi obwateekebwa mu Rwanda olw'ebitundu ebimu eby'olugero luno".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baird |first=Dugald |date=1 June 2015 |title=Rwanda places indefinite ban on BBC broadcasts over genocide documentary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/jun/01/rwanda-places-indefinite-ban-on-bbc-broadcasts-over-genocide-documentary |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128025853/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/jun/01/rwanda-places-indefinite-ban-on-bbc-broadcasts-over-genocide-documentary |archive-date=28 January 2016 |access-date=10 January 2016 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Mu Gwokubiri 2017, bannamawulire okuva mu BBC (nga kw’otadde ne ''[[Daily Mail]]'', ''[[The New York Times]]'', [[Politico]], [[CNN]], n’endala) baagaanibwa okuyingira mu lukiiko lwa Amerika olwa White House.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Siddiqui |first=Sabrina |date=25 February 2017 |title=Trump press ban: BBC, CNN and Guardian denied access to briefing |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/feb/24/media-blocked-white-house-briefing-sean-spicer |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731190705/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/feb/24/media-blocked-white-house-briefing-sean-spicer |archive-date=31 July 2017 |access-date=25 February 2017 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Mu 2017, [[BBC News|BBC India]] yawerebwa okumala emyaka etaano obutakola ku [[makuumiro g'ebisolo ag’eggwanga gonna]] mu Buyindi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2017 |title=Kaziranga film: BBC banned for 5 years from all national parks, sanctuaries |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/kaziranga-film-bbc-banned-for-5-years-from-all-national-parks-sanctuaries-4613758/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418160439/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/kaziranga-film-bbc-banned-for-5-years-from-all-national-parks-sanctuaries-4613758/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=18 April 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okuggyibwako layisinsi ya [[CGTN (TV channel)|CGTN]] ey'okuweereza ku mpewo mu Bungereza nga 4 Gwokubiri 2021 nga [[Ofcom]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 February 2021 |title=Ofcom revokes Chinese broadcaster CGTN's UK licence |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-55931548 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320110450/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-55931548 |archive-date=20 March 2021 |access-date=4 February 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> China yawera BBC News okuweereza mu China.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2021 |title=China bans BBC News after UK pulls CGTN's license |url=https://edition.cnn.com/videos/business/2021/02/12/bbc-news-banned-china-cgtn-uk.cnnbusiness |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213225430/https://edition.cnn.com/videos/business/2021/02/12/bbc-news-banned-china-cgtn-uk.cnnbusiness |archive-date=13 February 2021 |access-date=13 February 2021}}</ref> == <small>Laba ne</small> == * [[:Category:Abasomi b'amawulire ne bannamawulire ba BBC]] * [[:Category:Emikutu gy'amawulire ku ttivvi ya BBC]] * [[Olukalala lw'abasomi b'amawulire n'abasasi ba BBC mu kiseera kino]] * [[Olukalala lw'abaali abasomi b'amawulire ne bannamawulire ba BBC]] == <small>Ebijuliziddwa</small> == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa ebweru wa Wikipedia == * {{Official website}} * {{Onion Official site|bbcnewsd73hkzno2ini43t4gblxvycyac5aw4gnv7t2rccijh7745uqd}} * [https://www.theguardian.com/media/gallery/2008/apr/18/bbc.television?picture=333595256 BBC News in focus: Photos from the past six decades] [[:en:The_Guardian|The Guardian]] * [[iarchive:TV-BBCNEWS|BBC NEWS Internet Arc]] [[Category:Ebyatandikibwawo mu Bungereza mu 1922]] [[Category:Obuweereza bw'amawulire mu nnimi ez'enjawulo]] [[Category:Amawulire ku ttivvi mu Bungereza]] [[Category:Ebitongole bya BBC]] [[Category:Abawanguzi b'awaadi za Peabody Awards]] [[Category:Abawanguzi b'awaadi za International Emmy Awards Current Affairs & News]] [[Category:Obuweereza bwa Tor Onion Services]] [[Category:Emikutu gya YouTube egyatongozebwa mu 2006]] gmikpn0h8m22obxfe5exgfrubm9q5qn 5 11095 66733 66732 2026-08-05T12:04:45Z B722N 6898 /* Statement */ Ekyokuddamu 66733 wikitext text/x-wiki == Request for Luganda wikipedia administrator == Hello, I'm Ssegawa a native luganda speaker and member of wikimedia community user group Uganda. I am professional librarian that is passionate about free and quality information and I have been editing wikipedia both English and Luganda and I am one of the leading contributors. I therefore seek rights as an administrator lg.wikipedia.org to be able to ensure quality of the content on the luganda wikipedia and solve some gramatical errors evident on the interface. [[User:Geossegawa|Geossegawa]] ([[User talk:Geossegawa|talk]]) 14:28, 4 Gwakkuminebiri 2024 (UTC) == Request for Adminship on Luganda Wikipedia == <small>Dear Wikimedians,</small> <small>My name is Ssemanda Willy (User: Ssemmanda will). I am the former Project Lead of Luganda Wikipedia (2022–2025) and currently serve as Community Manager of the Wikimedia Community User Group Uganda. I respectfully submit my request for Adminship on our Luganda Wikipedia.</small> <small>My motivation for seeking adminship is to: Maintain and improve the quality of Luganda Wikipedia articles, support the community by handling administrative tasks such as page protection, deletion, and combating vandalism, encourage new contributors by providing guidance and ensuring a safe, welcoming environment and strengthen Luganda Wikipedia as part of our broader mission to preserve and promote Ugandan languages online.</small> <small>I believe my experience in leadership, advocacy, editing, and training equips me to serve effectively as an administrator. I am committed to transparency, collaboration, and supporting the growth of Luganda Wikipedia.</small> <small>Thank you for considering my request. I welcome your feedback and look forward to continuing to work together to build a strong Luganda Wikipedia.</small> <small>Sincerely,</small> <small>User:</small>@<small>Ssemmanda will - [[Special:Contributions/Ssemmanda will|1,130]] Global edit count.</small> @ [[User:Geossegawa|Geossegawa]], @[[User:Jose77|Jose77]], @[[User:Ssenkungu ivan|Ssenkungu ivan]], @[[User:Nambogo Catharine|Nambogo Catharine]], @[[User:Solomon Suubi|Solomon Suubi]], @[[User:Ice201|Ice201]], @[[User:MichealKal|MichealKal]], @[[User:Owobusingye|Owobusingye]], @[[User:Erinamukuta|Erinamukuta]], @[[User:B722N|B722N]], @[[User:Kyakwera|Kyakwera]], [[User:Tumbuka Arch@|Tumbuka Arch]] [[User:Kateregga1|Kateregga1]] [[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] ([[User talk:Ssemmanda will|talk]]) 09:40, 18 Gwakusatu(Mugulansigo) 2026 (UTC) :I second your request, @[[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]], I strongly believe that Luganda Wikipedia needs a local-language administrator who has a deep understanding of the language in both its spoken and written forms. [[User:B722N|B722N]] ([[User talk:B722N|talk]]) 10:56, 18 Gwakusatu(Mugulansigo) 2026 (UTC) ::Thank you @[[User:B722N|B722N]] [[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] ([[User talk:Ssemmanda will|talk]]) 12:09, 18 Gwakusatu(Mugulansigo) 2026 (UTC) :I second Mr. Ssemmanda Wilson [[User:NKINZIK MARIE|NKINZIK MARIE]] ([[User talk:NKINZIK MARIE|talk]]) 16:33, 19 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :i wholeheartedly support Sir Will. [[User:Rtr PK|Rtr PK]] ([[User talk:Rtr PK|talk]]) 19:12, 19 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :I highly endorse Ssemanda Will. His leadership and linguistic background in Luganda are essential to be admin of the language to manage the Wikipedia at large [[User:Owobusingye|Owobusingye]] ([[User talk:Owobusingye|talk]]) 13:49, 23 Gwakusatu(Mugulansigo) 2026 (UTC) ::Thank you Mr @[[User:Owobusingye|Owobusingye]] [[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] ([[User talk:Ssemmanda will|talk]]) 11:26, 24 Gwakusatu(Mugulansigo) 2026 (UTC) :Mr. Ssemmanda Will is even a teacher of the language so we are saafe in his hands as the editors of the language [[User:NKINZIK MARIE|NKINZIK MARIE]] ([[User talk:NKINZIK MARIE|talk]]) 16:37, 19 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :I fully support @[[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]]. It’s important for Luganda Wikipedia to have an administrator who truly understands the language both in its spoken and written forms to effectively guide and manage this Language Wikipedia and Willy was a Luganda project lead for several years. [[User:MichealKal|MichealKal]] ([[User talk:MichealKal|talk]]) 06:33, 31 Gwakusatu(Mugulansigo) 2026 (UTC) :I second @[[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] request. He is one of the leading luganda wikipedia contributors and a good mentor to all contributors. Having him as an admin gives us the chance to improve the wikipedia more. [[User:Geossegawa|Geossegawa]] ([[User talk:Geossegawa|talk]]) 16:53, 2 Gwakuna(Kafuumuulampawu) 2026 (UTC) :This was long overdue, I am in great support of this request. Localisation of content is quite cricial and having @[[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] as an administrator will go a long way in helping us improve our content. [[User:Brenda Namulinda|Brenda Namulinda]] ([[User talk:Brenda Namulinda|talk]]) 11:31, 19 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :His dedication and enthusiasm towards the Luganda Wikipedia is exceptional. He is the perfect fit for an admin and I second his request @[[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] [[User:Nabukeera Dorothy|Nabukeera Dorothy]] ([[User talk:Nabukeera Dorothy|talk]]) 11:33, 19 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :I highly endorse Ssemanda Will. He has good leadership and a linguistic background in Luganda language. Being an admin of this language will further the growth luganda Wikipedia at large [[User:Kinenkey|Kinenkey]] ([[User talk:Kinenkey|talk]]) 12:33, 19 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :i support Mr Ssemanda Will for luganda Wikipedia because i know he can promote our language through his leadership [[User:24RAY|24RAY]] ([[User talk:24RAY|talk]]) 12:40, 19 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :I strongly support the admin request by '''Wilson Ssemanda,''' for adminship on the Luganda Wikipedia. :Wilson’s current leadership role as the community manager of Uganda’s Usergroup makes him an ideal candidate. His knowledge of Luganda is much needed to support the growth of Luganda on Wikipedia. I trust Wilson to use admin tools responsibly and in the best interest of the Luganda Wikipedia community. [[User:Sisterian|Sisterian]] ([[User talk:Sisterian|talk]]) 13:06, 19 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :I support you will [[User:ESTHER NAKITENDE|ESTHER NAKITENDE]] ([[User talk:ESTHER NAKITENDE|talk]]) 14:24, 20 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :I strongly support you @[[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] we definitely need this tool [[User:Kisakye Jane|Kisakye Jane]] ([[User talk:Kisakye Jane|talk]]) 17:42, 29 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :Having William as a local admin for Luganda Wikipedia will be of great importance to the wiki in management of the different inconsistencies and challenges that we face as editors of Luganda Wikipedia especially with the review of the articles that are published on the wiki. He is a technical person in Luganda as a language and he is an experienced editor with profound knowledge on the Dos and Don'ts on editing Wikipedia which places him in a better position for the role. :He is highly recommended for the role. [[User:Solomon Suubi|Solomon Suubi]] ([[User talk:Solomon Suubi|talk]]) 14:23, 30 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :Will's quest for Adminship rights on Luganda Wikipedia is a move I wholeheartedly support due to his commitment to improving, maintaining and promoting the growth of open knowledge through the Luganda Wikipedia project. He understands the language, this gives him a chance to ensure the authenticity and integrity of all activities done on the project.[[User: Charles Kalanzi|Charles Kalanzi]] == Request: Enable Cat-a-lot tool for Better Category Management == Dear Luganda Wikipedia Community,As part of our '''ongoing Quality Control Campaign''', I would like to request the activation of '''the Cat-a-lot gadget''' on Luganda Wikipedia.'''Cat-a-lot''' is a powerful tool that allows us to add or remove categories from multiple pages at once, Move pages between categories efficiently, and Organize and clean up our category structure more effectively. This tool will be very helpful in improving the organization of content across Luganda Wikipedia, especially during our quality control efforts. I kindly ask '''the community''' to support enabling Cat-a-lot. Thank you very much! CC:[[User:Geossegawa]],[[User:Ssenkungu ivan]],[[User:Solomon Suubi]], [[User:MichealKal]], [[User:B722N]], [[User:Owobusingye]], [[User:Rtr PK]], [[User:Brenda Namulinda]] Best regards[[User:Ssemmanda will]] ([[User talk:Ssemmanda will]]) [[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] ([[User talk:Ssemmanda will|talk]]) 16:43, 29 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :yes i support enabling Cat-a-lot [[User:24RAY|24RAY]] ([[User talk:24RAY|talk]]) 17:41, 29 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :I support cat-a-lot-gadget to be enabled on luganda Wikipedia [[User:ESTHER NAKITENDE|ESTHER NAKITENDE]] ([[User talk:ESTHER NAKITENDE|talk]]) 18:57, 29 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :I strongly support that this Gadget be added on Luganda Wikipedia [[User:B722N|B722N]] ([[User talk:B722N|talk]]) 19:34, 29 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :I am in strong support that this Gadget be added on Luganda Wikipedia [[User:Kinenkey|Kinenkey]] ([[User talk:Kinenkey|talk]]) 07:26, 30 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :Your consideration for this request will improve on our work regarding management of categories on Luganda Wikipedia. Thanks [[User:Solomon Suubi|Solomon Suubi]] ([[User talk:Solomon Suubi|talk]]) 14:25, 30 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :: {{done}}. [[User:Neriah|Neriah]] ([[User talk:Neriah|talk]]) 07:55, 1 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) :::Thank you very much dear @[[User:Neriah|Neriah]] [[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] ([[User talk:Ssemmanda will|talk]]) 12:12, 1 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) == Request for community approval: Updating the Cat-a-lot gadget == Hello everyone, I am working on improving the Cat-a-lot gadget to make it more useful for all editors. [[User:Neriah]] originally installed this gadget on our wiki, but it only works inside categories. I would like to update it so that it works properly on search results pages and regular articles, not only on category pages. For this global interface editor to help us and make it work better, It requires the approval from you colleagues. Your support of this request will help all editors of Luganda Wikipedia to manage categories more easily. Please let me know if you have any objections or suggestions. Thank you, [[User:Ssemmanda will]] Luganda Wikipedia Admin CC @[[User:B722N|B722N]], @[[User:Ssenkungu ivan|Ssenkungu ivan]], @[[User:Nambogo Catharine|Nambogo Catharine]], @[[User:Solomon Suubi|Solomon Suubi]], @[[User:24RAY|24RAY]], @[[User:ESTHER NAKITENDE|ESTHER NAKITENDE]], @[[User:Sisterian|Sisterian]], @[[User:Samson Ssemakadde|Samson Ssemakadde]], @[[User:Ssebuufu|Ssebuufu]], @[[User:NKIZIK MARIE|NKIZIK MARIE]]..... [[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] ([[User talk:Ssemmanda will|talk]]) 16:41, 8 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) :I strongly agree and support this proposal. [[User:Lillylove256|Lillylove256]] ([[User talk:Lillylove256|talk]]) 17:00, 8 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) :I support the request for updating the Cat-a-lot gadget [[User:B722N|B722N]] ([[User talk:B722N|talk]]) 17:08, 8 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) :i support the request for updating the Cat-a-lot gadget for better use thanks [[User:24RAY|24RAY]] ([[User talk:24RAY|talk]]) 17:11, 8 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) ::Am in full support of this request towards the updating of 5he Cat-a-lot gadget. [[User:Nambogo Catharine|Nambogo Catharine]] ([[User talk:Nambogo Catharine|talk]]) 17:48, 8 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) :i support this proposal [[User:ESTHER NAKITENDE|ESTHER NAKITENDE]] ([[User talk:ESTHER NAKITENDE|talk]]) 20:27, 8 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) :I support the request for updating the Cat-a-lot gadget for more efficiency and quality administration [[User: Charles Kalanzi|Charles Kalanzi]] ([[User talk: Charles Kalanzi|talk]]) 09:00, 9 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) :I back the proposal to upgrade with the Cat-a-lot gadget, which will streamline administrative workflows and ensure higher quality outcomes. [[User:Kinenkey|Kinenkey]] ([[User talk:Kinenkey|talk]]) 09:01, 9 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) ::I approve [[User:Samson Ssemakadde|Samson Ssemakadde]] ([[User talk:Samson Ssemakadde|talk]]) 09:10, 9 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) :I support this request for better and effective organisation of articles on Luganda Wikipedia under categories. We appreciate your consideration always. [[User:Solomon Suubi|Solomon Suubi]] ([[User talk:Solomon Suubi|talk]]) 09:23, 9 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) ::Thank you colleagues [[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] ([[User talk:Ssemmanda will|talk]]) 18:12, 9 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) == Request for both Administrator and Interface administrators rights on Luganda Wikipedia == I am [[User:B722N|B722N]], an active contributor with over five years of experience in contributing to Wikimedia projects, including article creation, improvement, categorisation, community support, editor mentorship, and the use of Wikimedia tools. I am requesting the following rights: # '''Administrator rights:''' I am requesting these rights to help maintain Luganda Wikipedia by protecting pages, handling vandalism and abuse, deleting or restoring pages in accordance with Wikimedia policies, blocking disruptive users, supporting community discussions, and guiding new editors, among other tasks. # '''Interface administrator rights:''' I am also requesting Interface administrator rights to assist with technical maintenance tasks such as managing CSS and JS pages, importing and updating Lua modules to ensure templates function properly, importing and updating templates, maintaining interface pages, and other related technical tasks. I am committed to upholding Wikimedia policies and working collaboratively with the community. If anyone has any objections to either of my requests, please state them in the comments. Thank you. [[User:B722N|B722N]] ([[User talk:B722N|talk]]) 13:22, 3 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I strongly endorse [[User:B722N]], he is one of the most active and technical contributors we have in Uganda! [[User:MichealKal|MichealKal]] ([[User talk:MichealKal|talk]]) 14:00, 3 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I wholeheartedly endorse User:B722N for both administrator and interface admin rights for Luganda Wikipedia. His consistent activities and deep technical expertise make him an invaluable asset to our community here in Uganda. [[User:Kinenkey|Kinenkey]] ([[User talk:Kinenkey|talk]]) 14:16, 3 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I support the request made by [[User:B722N/common.js|User:B722N]] for Adminship rights on Luganda Wikipedia. He's a person committed to strengthening the quality and integrity of Luganda Wikipedia once his request is granted [[User:Charles Kalanzi|Charles Kalanzi]] ([[User talk:Charles Kalanzi|talk]]) 14:23, 3 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I strongly support the requests by [[User:B722N/common.js|User:B722N]] for his contributions have always been pivotal in the smooth running of our luganda wikipedia campaigns. As an IT professional of the contributors' stature, I have no doubt that he will surely perform the interface admin roles well. Having him as an adminstrator is as well an addition to the already existing admin and I believe the work will be more simplified.[[User:Geossegawa|Geossegawa]] ([[User talk:Geossegawa|talk]]) 19:08, 3 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) ::Baluku is of great influence to our community. We need him in this position to help elevate our community further. [[User:NKINZIK MARIE|NKINZIK MARIE]] ([[User talk:NKINZIK MARIE|talk]]) 05:35, 4 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I wholeheartedly support granting B722N both Administrator and Interface Administrator rights on Luganda Wikipedia. :As the Team Lead for the Luganda Wikipedia, I have had the privilege of working closely with B722N for several years. He is one of the most technically skilled and dependable contributors in our community and has consistently been my go-to person whenever we encounter technical challenges. He has played a vital role in mentoring both me and many other community members on Wikidata, PetScan, categories, and other advanced Wikimedia tools. His willingness to share knowledge has greatly strengthened our mentorship programmes and contributed significantly to the growth of our community. :Beyond his technical expertise, B722N is an experienced and trusted Wikimedian with a strong understanding of Wikimedia policies and community practices. He has always demonstrated professionalism, patience, and a collaborative spirit. I am also looking forward to working with him more closely on templates and other technical aspects of Luganda Wikipedia, where his expertise will be invaluable. :Granting him both Administrator and Interface Administrator rights will greatly benefit the Luganda Wikipedia by strengthening technical maintenance, improving content management, and ensuring timely support for editors. I fully endorse his request and have every confidence that he will exercise both rights responsibly and in the best interests of the project. Thank you so much! [[User:Ssenkungu ivan|Ssenkungu ivan]] ([[User talk:Ssenkungu ivan|talk]]) 21:51, 3 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I strongly support the grant for adminship towards User:B722N for his contributions have always been pivotal in the smooth running of our luganda wikipedia campaigns and he has been so supportive during mentorships and trainings. [[User:Nambogo Catharine|Nambogo Catharine]] ([[User talk:Nambogo Catharine|talk]]) 05:15, 4 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I believe that when he is this position, he will be of great importance according ti what he has done sofar. [[User:NKINZIK MARIE|NKINZIK MARIE]] ([[User talk:NKINZIK MARIE|talk]]) 05:33, 4 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) == Request for Interface Administrator rights: Kinenkey == '''User:''' [[User:Kinenkey|Kinenkey]] ([[User talk:Kinenkey|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kinenkey|contribs]])<br /> '''Requested role:''' Interface Administrator === Statement === Dear Luganda Wikipedia community, I am writing to formally request '''Interface Administrator''' rights on Luganda Wikipedia. Since beginning my journey across Wikimedia projects in 2024, I have been an active contributor dedicated to strengthening our ecosystem through article creation, content improvement, systematic categorization, editor mentorship, community support, and the utilization of various Wikimedia technical tools. As Luganda Wikipedia continues to grow, maintaining a smooth, functional, and modern technical foundation is crucial. If granted Interface Administrator privileges, I intend to assist the community with the following technical maintenance tasks: * '''Site Customization & Scripts: ''' Managing and maintaining global CSS (`MediaWiki:Common.css`) and JavaScript (`MediaWiki:Common.js`) pages to improve rendering, accessibility, and user experience. * '''Lua Module Management: ''' Importing, updating, and optimizing Lua modules to ensure dynamic templates (such as Infoboxes and Navigation templates) function seamlessly and error-free. * '''Template Infrastructure:''' Importing and updating core interface templates to streamline content creation for all contributors. * '''Interface Localization & Messages: ''' Translating and maintaining MediaWiki interface pages to ensure the platform remains intuitive for Luganda speakers. * '''General Technical Maintenance: ''' Addressing technical bugs, broken styles, and maintenance backlogs as requested by the community. I am deeply committed to upholding all Wikimedia safety standards, technical security protocols, and community guidelines. I will work transparently and collaboratively with local editors and administrators to ensure all technical changes align with the project's goals. Thank you for your time and consideration. I welcome any questions, feedback, or comments from the community below. Best regards, [[User:Kinenkey|Kinenkey]] ([[User talk:Kinenkey|talk]]) [[User:Kinenkey|Kinenkey]] ([[User talk:Kinenkey|talk]]) 11:52, 5 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I second your request @[[User:Kinenkey|Kinenkey]], I believe that your technical and coding knowledge combined with the Interface admin rights will solve some of the challenges that we are facing on the Luganda Wikipedia. [[User:B722N|B722N]] ([[User talk:B722N|talk]]) 12:04, 5 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) nv1hn56xfi7rmjwwvcythynot6amnbr 66734 66733 2026-08-05T12:17:10Z Lillylove256 10862 /* Statement */ Ekyokuddamu 66734 wikitext text/x-wiki == Request for Luganda wikipedia administrator == Hello, I'm Ssegawa a native luganda speaker and member of wikimedia community user group Uganda. I am professional librarian that is passionate about free and quality information and I have been editing wikipedia both English and Luganda and I am one of the leading contributors. I therefore seek rights as an administrator lg.wikipedia.org to be able to ensure quality of the content on the luganda wikipedia and solve some gramatical errors evident on the interface. [[User:Geossegawa|Geossegawa]] ([[User talk:Geossegawa|talk]]) 14:28, 4 Gwakkuminebiri 2024 (UTC) == Request for Adminship on Luganda Wikipedia == <small>Dear Wikimedians,</small> <small>My name is Ssemanda Willy (User: Ssemmanda will). I am the former Project Lead of Luganda Wikipedia (2022–2025) and currently serve as Community Manager of the Wikimedia Community User Group Uganda. I respectfully submit my request for Adminship on our Luganda Wikipedia.</small> <small>My motivation for seeking adminship is to: Maintain and improve the quality of Luganda Wikipedia articles, support the community by handling administrative tasks such as page protection, deletion, and combating vandalism, encourage new contributors by providing guidance and ensuring a safe, welcoming environment and strengthen Luganda Wikipedia as part of our broader mission to preserve and promote Ugandan languages online.</small> <small>I believe my experience in leadership, advocacy, editing, and training equips me to serve effectively as an administrator. I am committed to transparency, collaboration, and supporting the growth of Luganda Wikipedia.</small> <small>Thank you for considering my request. I welcome your feedback and look forward to continuing to work together to build a strong Luganda Wikipedia.</small> <small>Sincerely,</small> <small>User:</small>@<small>Ssemmanda will - [[Special:Contributions/Ssemmanda will|1,130]] Global edit count.</small> @ [[User:Geossegawa|Geossegawa]], @[[User:Jose77|Jose77]], @[[User:Ssenkungu ivan|Ssenkungu ivan]], @[[User:Nambogo Catharine|Nambogo Catharine]], @[[User:Solomon Suubi|Solomon Suubi]], @[[User:Ice201|Ice201]], @[[User:MichealKal|MichealKal]], @[[User:Owobusingye|Owobusingye]], @[[User:Erinamukuta|Erinamukuta]], @[[User:B722N|B722N]], @[[User:Kyakwera|Kyakwera]], [[User:Tumbuka Arch@|Tumbuka Arch]] [[User:Kateregga1|Kateregga1]] [[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] ([[User talk:Ssemmanda will|talk]]) 09:40, 18 Gwakusatu(Mugulansigo) 2026 (UTC) :I second your request, @[[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]], I strongly believe that Luganda Wikipedia needs a local-language administrator who has a deep understanding of the language in both its spoken and written forms. [[User:B722N|B722N]] ([[User talk:B722N|talk]]) 10:56, 18 Gwakusatu(Mugulansigo) 2026 (UTC) ::Thank you @[[User:B722N|B722N]] [[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] ([[User talk:Ssemmanda will|talk]]) 12:09, 18 Gwakusatu(Mugulansigo) 2026 (UTC) :I second Mr. Ssemmanda Wilson [[User:NKINZIK MARIE|NKINZIK MARIE]] ([[User talk:NKINZIK MARIE|talk]]) 16:33, 19 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :i wholeheartedly support Sir Will. [[User:Rtr PK|Rtr PK]] ([[User talk:Rtr PK|talk]]) 19:12, 19 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :I highly endorse Ssemanda Will. His leadership and linguistic background in Luganda are essential to be admin of the language to manage the Wikipedia at large [[User:Owobusingye|Owobusingye]] ([[User talk:Owobusingye|talk]]) 13:49, 23 Gwakusatu(Mugulansigo) 2026 (UTC) ::Thank you Mr @[[User:Owobusingye|Owobusingye]] [[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] ([[User talk:Ssemmanda will|talk]]) 11:26, 24 Gwakusatu(Mugulansigo) 2026 (UTC) :Mr. Ssemmanda Will is even a teacher of the language so we are saafe in his hands as the editors of the language [[User:NKINZIK MARIE|NKINZIK MARIE]] ([[User talk:NKINZIK MARIE|talk]]) 16:37, 19 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :I fully support @[[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]]. It’s important for Luganda Wikipedia to have an administrator who truly understands the language both in its spoken and written forms to effectively guide and manage this Language Wikipedia and Willy was a Luganda project lead for several years. [[User:MichealKal|MichealKal]] ([[User talk:MichealKal|talk]]) 06:33, 31 Gwakusatu(Mugulansigo) 2026 (UTC) :I second @[[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] request. He is one of the leading luganda wikipedia contributors and a good mentor to all contributors. Having him as an admin gives us the chance to improve the wikipedia more. [[User:Geossegawa|Geossegawa]] ([[User talk:Geossegawa|talk]]) 16:53, 2 Gwakuna(Kafuumuulampawu) 2026 (UTC) :This was long overdue, I am in great support of this request. Localisation of content is quite cricial and having @[[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] as an administrator will go a long way in helping us improve our content. [[User:Brenda Namulinda|Brenda Namulinda]] ([[User talk:Brenda Namulinda|talk]]) 11:31, 19 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :His dedication and enthusiasm towards the Luganda Wikipedia is exceptional. He is the perfect fit for an admin and I second his request @[[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] [[User:Nabukeera Dorothy|Nabukeera Dorothy]] ([[User talk:Nabukeera Dorothy|talk]]) 11:33, 19 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :I highly endorse Ssemanda Will. He has good leadership and a linguistic background in Luganda language. Being an admin of this language will further the growth luganda Wikipedia at large [[User:Kinenkey|Kinenkey]] ([[User talk:Kinenkey|talk]]) 12:33, 19 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :i support Mr Ssemanda Will for luganda Wikipedia because i know he can promote our language through his leadership [[User:24RAY|24RAY]] ([[User talk:24RAY|talk]]) 12:40, 19 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :I strongly support the admin request by '''Wilson Ssemanda,''' for adminship on the Luganda Wikipedia. :Wilson’s current leadership role as the community manager of Uganda’s Usergroup makes him an ideal candidate. His knowledge of Luganda is much needed to support the growth of Luganda on Wikipedia. I trust Wilson to use admin tools responsibly and in the best interest of the Luganda Wikipedia community. [[User:Sisterian|Sisterian]] ([[User talk:Sisterian|talk]]) 13:06, 19 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :I support you will [[User:ESTHER NAKITENDE|ESTHER NAKITENDE]] ([[User talk:ESTHER NAKITENDE|talk]]) 14:24, 20 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :I strongly support you @[[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] we definitely need this tool [[User:Kisakye Jane|Kisakye Jane]] ([[User talk:Kisakye Jane|talk]]) 17:42, 29 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :Having William as a local admin for Luganda Wikipedia will be of great importance to the wiki in management of the different inconsistencies and challenges that we face as editors of Luganda Wikipedia especially with the review of the articles that are published on the wiki. He is a technical person in Luganda as a language and he is an experienced editor with profound knowledge on the Dos and Don'ts on editing Wikipedia which places him in a better position for the role. :He is highly recommended for the role. [[User:Solomon Suubi|Solomon Suubi]] ([[User talk:Solomon Suubi|talk]]) 14:23, 30 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :Will's quest for Adminship rights on Luganda Wikipedia is a move I wholeheartedly support due to his commitment to improving, maintaining and promoting the growth of open knowledge through the Luganda Wikipedia project. He understands the language, this gives him a chance to ensure the authenticity and integrity of all activities done on the project.[[User: Charles Kalanzi|Charles Kalanzi]] == Request: Enable Cat-a-lot tool for Better Category Management == Dear Luganda Wikipedia Community,As part of our '''ongoing Quality Control Campaign''', I would like to request the activation of '''the Cat-a-lot gadget''' on Luganda Wikipedia.'''Cat-a-lot''' is a powerful tool that allows us to add or remove categories from multiple pages at once, Move pages between categories efficiently, and Organize and clean up our category structure more effectively. This tool will be very helpful in improving the organization of content across Luganda Wikipedia, especially during our quality control efforts. I kindly ask '''the community''' to support enabling Cat-a-lot. Thank you very much! CC:[[User:Geossegawa]],[[User:Ssenkungu ivan]],[[User:Solomon Suubi]], [[User:MichealKal]], [[User:B722N]], [[User:Owobusingye]], [[User:Rtr PK]], [[User:Brenda Namulinda]] Best regards[[User:Ssemmanda will]] ([[User talk:Ssemmanda will]]) [[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] ([[User talk:Ssemmanda will|talk]]) 16:43, 29 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :yes i support enabling Cat-a-lot [[User:24RAY|24RAY]] ([[User talk:24RAY|talk]]) 17:41, 29 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :I support cat-a-lot-gadget to be enabled on luganda Wikipedia [[User:ESTHER NAKITENDE|ESTHER NAKITENDE]] ([[User talk:ESTHER NAKITENDE|talk]]) 18:57, 29 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :I strongly support that this Gadget be added on Luganda Wikipedia [[User:B722N|B722N]] ([[User talk:B722N|talk]]) 19:34, 29 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :I am in strong support that this Gadget be added on Luganda Wikipedia [[User:Kinenkey|Kinenkey]] ([[User talk:Kinenkey|talk]]) 07:26, 30 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :Your consideration for this request will improve on our work regarding management of categories on Luganda Wikipedia. Thanks [[User:Solomon Suubi|Solomon Suubi]] ([[User talk:Solomon Suubi|talk]]) 14:25, 30 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :: {{done}}. [[User:Neriah|Neriah]] ([[User talk:Neriah|talk]]) 07:55, 1 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) :::Thank you very much dear @[[User:Neriah|Neriah]] [[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] ([[User talk:Ssemmanda will|talk]]) 12:12, 1 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) == Request for community approval: Updating the Cat-a-lot gadget == Hello everyone, I am working on improving the Cat-a-lot gadget to make it more useful for all editors. [[User:Neriah]] originally installed this gadget on our wiki, but it only works inside categories. I would like to update it so that it works properly on search results pages and regular articles, not only on category pages. For this global interface editor to help us and make it work better, It requires the approval from you colleagues. Your support of this request will help all editors of Luganda Wikipedia to manage categories more easily. Please let me know if you have any objections or suggestions. Thank you, [[User:Ssemmanda will]] Luganda Wikipedia Admin CC @[[User:B722N|B722N]], @[[User:Ssenkungu ivan|Ssenkungu ivan]], @[[User:Nambogo Catharine|Nambogo Catharine]], @[[User:Solomon Suubi|Solomon Suubi]], @[[User:24RAY|24RAY]], @[[User:ESTHER NAKITENDE|ESTHER NAKITENDE]], @[[User:Sisterian|Sisterian]], @[[User:Samson Ssemakadde|Samson Ssemakadde]], @[[User:Ssebuufu|Ssebuufu]], @[[User:NKIZIK MARIE|NKIZIK MARIE]]..... [[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] ([[User talk:Ssemmanda will|talk]]) 16:41, 8 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) :I strongly agree and support this proposal. [[User:Lillylove256|Lillylove256]] ([[User talk:Lillylove256|talk]]) 17:00, 8 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) :I support the request for updating the Cat-a-lot gadget [[User:B722N|B722N]] ([[User talk:B722N|talk]]) 17:08, 8 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) :i support the request for updating the Cat-a-lot gadget for better use thanks [[User:24RAY|24RAY]] ([[User talk:24RAY|talk]]) 17:11, 8 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) ::Am in full support of this request towards the updating of 5he Cat-a-lot gadget. [[User:Nambogo Catharine|Nambogo Catharine]] ([[User talk:Nambogo Catharine|talk]]) 17:48, 8 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) :i support this proposal [[User:ESTHER NAKITENDE|ESTHER NAKITENDE]] ([[User talk:ESTHER NAKITENDE|talk]]) 20:27, 8 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) :I support the request for updating the Cat-a-lot gadget for more efficiency and quality administration [[User: Charles Kalanzi|Charles Kalanzi]] ([[User talk: Charles Kalanzi|talk]]) 09:00, 9 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) :I back the proposal to upgrade with the Cat-a-lot gadget, which will streamline administrative workflows and ensure higher quality outcomes. [[User:Kinenkey|Kinenkey]] ([[User talk:Kinenkey|talk]]) 09:01, 9 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) ::I approve [[User:Samson Ssemakadde|Samson Ssemakadde]] ([[User talk:Samson Ssemakadde|talk]]) 09:10, 9 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) :I support this request for better and effective organisation of articles on Luganda Wikipedia under categories. We appreciate your consideration always. [[User:Solomon Suubi|Solomon Suubi]] ([[User talk:Solomon Suubi|talk]]) 09:23, 9 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) ::Thank you colleagues [[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] ([[User talk:Ssemmanda will|talk]]) 18:12, 9 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) == Request for both Administrator and Interface administrators rights on Luganda Wikipedia == I am [[User:B722N|B722N]], an active contributor with over five years of experience in contributing to Wikimedia projects, including article creation, improvement, categorisation, community support, editor mentorship, and the use of Wikimedia tools. I am requesting the following rights: # '''Administrator rights:''' I am requesting these rights to help maintain Luganda Wikipedia by protecting pages, handling vandalism and abuse, deleting or restoring pages in accordance with Wikimedia policies, blocking disruptive users, supporting community discussions, and guiding new editors, among other tasks. # '''Interface administrator rights:''' I am also requesting Interface administrator rights to assist with technical maintenance tasks such as managing CSS and JS pages, importing and updating Lua modules to ensure templates function properly, importing and updating templates, maintaining interface pages, and other related technical tasks. I am committed to upholding Wikimedia policies and working collaboratively with the community. If anyone has any objections to either of my requests, please state them in the comments. Thank you. [[User:B722N|B722N]] ([[User talk:B722N|talk]]) 13:22, 3 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I strongly endorse [[User:B722N]], he is one of the most active and technical contributors we have in Uganda! [[User:MichealKal|MichealKal]] ([[User talk:MichealKal|talk]]) 14:00, 3 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I wholeheartedly endorse User:B722N for both administrator and interface admin rights for Luganda Wikipedia. His consistent activities and deep technical expertise make him an invaluable asset to our community here in Uganda. [[User:Kinenkey|Kinenkey]] ([[User talk:Kinenkey|talk]]) 14:16, 3 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I support the request made by [[User:B722N/common.js|User:B722N]] for Adminship rights on Luganda Wikipedia. He's a person committed to strengthening the quality and integrity of Luganda Wikipedia once his request is granted [[User:Charles Kalanzi|Charles Kalanzi]] ([[User talk:Charles Kalanzi|talk]]) 14:23, 3 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I strongly support the requests by [[User:B722N/common.js|User:B722N]] for his contributions have always been pivotal in the smooth running of our luganda wikipedia campaigns. As an IT professional of the contributors' stature, I have no doubt that he will surely perform the interface admin roles well. Having him as an adminstrator is as well an addition to the already existing admin and I believe the work will be more simplified.[[User:Geossegawa|Geossegawa]] ([[User talk:Geossegawa|talk]]) 19:08, 3 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) ::Baluku is of great influence to our community. We need him in this position to help elevate our community further. [[User:NKINZIK MARIE|NKINZIK MARIE]] ([[User talk:NKINZIK MARIE|talk]]) 05:35, 4 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I wholeheartedly support granting B722N both Administrator and Interface Administrator rights on Luganda Wikipedia. :As the Team Lead for the Luganda Wikipedia, I have had the privilege of working closely with B722N for several years. He is one of the most technically skilled and dependable contributors in our community and has consistently been my go-to person whenever we encounter technical challenges. He has played a vital role in mentoring both me and many other community members on Wikidata, PetScan, categories, and other advanced Wikimedia tools. His willingness to share knowledge has greatly strengthened our mentorship programmes and contributed significantly to the growth of our community. :Beyond his technical expertise, B722N is an experienced and trusted Wikimedian with a strong understanding of Wikimedia policies and community practices. He has always demonstrated professionalism, patience, and a collaborative spirit. I am also looking forward to working with him more closely on templates and other technical aspects of Luganda Wikipedia, where his expertise will be invaluable. :Granting him both Administrator and Interface Administrator rights will greatly benefit the Luganda Wikipedia by strengthening technical maintenance, improving content management, and ensuring timely support for editors. I fully endorse his request and have every confidence that he will exercise both rights responsibly and in the best interests of the project. Thank you so much! [[User:Ssenkungu ivan|Ssenkungu ivan]] ([[User talk:Ssenkungu ivan|talk]]) 21:51, 3 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I strongly support the grant for adminship towards User:B722N for his contributions have always been pivotal in the smooth running of our luganda wikipedia campaigns and he has been so supportive during mentorships and trainings. [[User:Nambogo Catharine|Nambogo Catharine]] ([[User talk:Nambogo Catharine|talk]]) 05:15, 4 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I believe that when he is this position, he will be of great importance according ti what he has done sofar. [[User:NKINZIK MARIE|NKINZIK MARIE]] ([[User talk:NKINZIK MARIE|talk]]) 05:33, 4 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) == Request for Interface Administrator rights: Kinenkey == '''User:''' [[User:Kinenkey|Kinenkey]] ([[User talk:Kinenkey|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kinenkey|contribs]])<br /> '''Requested role:''' Interface Administrator === Statement === Dear Luganda Wikipedia community, I am writing to formally request '''Interface Administrator''' rights on Luganda Wikipedia. Since beginning my journey across Wikimedia projects in 2024, I have been an active contributor dedicated to strengthening our ecosystem through article creation, content improvement, systematic categorization, editor mentorship, community support, and the utilization of various Wikimedia technical tools. As Luganda Wikipedia continues to grow, maintaining a smooth, functional, and modern technical foundation is crucial. If granted Interface Administrator privileges, I intend to assist the community with the following technical maintenance tasks: * '''Site Customization & Scripts: ''' Managing and maintaining global CSS (`MediaWiki:Common.css`) and JavaScript (`MediaWiki:Common.js`) pages to improve rendering, accessibility, and user experience. * '''Lua Module Management: ''' Importing, updating, and optimizing Lua modules to ensure dynamic templates (such as Infoboxes and Navigation templates) function seamlessly and error-free. * '''Template Infrastructure:''' Importing and updating core interface templates to streamline content creation for all contributors. * '''Interface Localization & Messages: ''' Translating and maintaining MediaWiki interface pages to ensure the platform remains intuitive for Luganda speakers. * '''General Technical Maintenance: ''' Addressing technical bugs, broken styles, and maintenance backlogs as requested by the community. I am deeply committed to upholding all Wikimedia safety standards, technical security protocols, and community guidelines. I will work transparently and collaboratively with local editors and administrators to ensure all technical changes align with the project's goals. Thank you for your time and consideration. I welcome any questions, feedback, or comments from the community below. Best regards, [[User:Kinenkey|Kinenkey]] ([[User talk:Kinenkey|talk]]) [[User:Kinenkey|Kinenkey]] ([[User talk:Kinenkey|talk]]) 11:52, 5 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I second your request @[[User:Kinenkey|Kinenkey]], I believe that your technical and coding knowledge combined with the Interface admin rights will solve some of the challenges that we are facing on the Luganda Wikipedia. [[User:B722N|B722N]] ([[User talk:B722N|talk]]) 12:04, 5 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I second you Kinenkey. I believe this will take Luganda Wikipedia forward [[User:Lillylove256|Lillylove256]] ([[User talk:Lillylove256|talk]]) 12:17, 5 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) 1v21j1gr91e0b1ibpi7nso96rws0qh0 66735 66734 2026-08-05T13:34:51Z ESTHER NAKITENDE 9175 /* Statement */ Ekyokuddamu 66735 wikitext text/x-wiki == Request for Luganda wikipedia administrator == Hello, I'm Ssegawa a native luganda speaker and member of wikimedia community user group Uganda. I am professional librarian that is passionate about free and quality information and I have been editing wikipedia both English and Luganda and I am one of the leading contributors. I therefore seek rights as an administrator lg.wikipedia.org to be able to ensure quality of the content on the luganda wikipedia and solve some gramatical errors evident on the interface. [[User:Geossegawa|Geossegawa]] ([[User talk:Geossegawa|talk]]) 14:28, 4 Gwakkuminebiri 2024 (UTC) == Request for Adminship on Luganda Wikipedia == <small>Dear Wikimedians,</small> <small>My name is Ssemanda Willy (User: Ssemmanda will). I am the former Project Lead of Luganda Wikipedia (2022–2025) and currently serve as Community Manager of the Wikimedia Community User Group Uganda. I respectfully submit my request for Adminship on our Luganda Wikipedia.</small> <small>My motivation for seeking adminship is to: Maintain and improve the quality of Luganda Wikipedia articles, support the community by handling administrative tasks such as page protection, deletion, and combating vandalism, encourage new contributors by providing guidance and ensuring a safe, welcoming environment and strengthen Luganda Wikipedia as part of our broader mission to preserve and promote Ugandan languages online.</small> <small>I believe my experience in leadership, advocacy, editing, and training equips me to serve effectively as an administrator. I am committed to transparency, collaboration, and supporting the growth of Luganda Wikipedia.</small> <small>Thank you for considering my request. I welcome your feedback and look forward to continuing to work together to build a strong Luganda Wikipedia.</small> <small>Sincerely,</small> <small>User:</small>@<small>Ssemmanda will - [[Special:Contributions/Ssemmanda will|1,130]] Global edit count.</small> @ [[User:Geossegawa|Geossegawa]], @[[User:Jose77|Jose77]], @[[User:Ssenkungu ivan|Ssenkungu ivan]], @[[User:Nambogo Catharine|Nambogo Catharine]], @[[User:Solomon Suubi|Solomon Suubi]], @[[User:Ice201|Ice201]], @[[User:MichealKal|MichealKal]], @[[User:Owobusingye|Owobusingye]], @[[User:Erinamukuta|Erinamukuta]], @[[User:B722N|B722N]], @[[User:Kyakwera|Kyakwera]], [[User:Tumbuka Arch@|Tumbuka Arch]] [[User:Kateregga1|Kateregga1]] [[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] ([[User talk:Ssemmanda will|talk]]) 09:40, 18 Gwakusatu(Mugulansigo) 2026 (UTC) :I second your request, @[[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]], I strongly believe that Luganda Wikipedia needs a local-language administrator who has a deep understanding of the language in both its spoken and written forms. [[User:B722N|B722N]] ([[User talk:B722N|talk]]) 10:56, 18 Gwakusatu(Mugulansigo) 2026 (UTC) ::Thank you @[[User:B722N|B722N]] [[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] ([[User talk:Ssemmanda will|talk]]) 12:09, 18 Gwakusatu(Mugulansigo) 2026 (UTC) :I second Mr. Ssemmanda Wilson [[User:NKINZIK MARIE|NKINZIK MARIE]] ([[User talk:NKINZIK MARIE|talk]]) 16:33, 19 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :i wholeheartedly support Sir Will. [[User:Rtr PK|Rtr PK]] ([[User talk:Rtr PK|talk]]) 19:12, 19 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :I highly endorse Ssemanda Will. His leadership and linguistic background in Luganda are essential to be admin of the language to manage the Wikipedia at large [[User:Owobusingye|Owobusingye]] ([[User talk:Owobusingye|talk]]) 13:49, 23 Gwakusatu(Mugulansigo) 2026 (UTC) ::Thank you Mr @[[User:Owobusingye|Owobusingye]] [[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] ([[User talk:Ssemmanda will|talk]]) 11:26, 24 Gwakusatu(Mugulansigo) 2026 (UTC) :Mr. Ssemmanda Will is even a teacher of the language so we are saafe in his hands as the editors of the language [[User:NKINZIK MARIE|NKINZIK MARIE]] ([[User talk:NKINZIK MARIE|talk]]) 16:37, 19 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :I fully support @[[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]]. It’s important for Luganda Wikipedia to have an administrator who truly understands the language both in its spoken and written forms to effectively guide and manage this Language Wikipedia and Willy was a Luganda project lead for several years. [[User:MichealKal|MichealKal]] ([[User talk:MichealKal|talk]]) 06:33, 31 Gwakusatu(Mugulansigo) 2026 (UTC) :I second @[[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] request. He is one of the leading luganda wikipedia contributors and a good mentor to all contributors. Having him as an admin gives us the chance to improve the wikipedia more. [[User:Geossegawa|Geossegawa]] ([[User talk:Geossegawa|talk]]) 16:53, 2 Gwakuna(Kafuumuulampawu) 2026 (UTC) :This was long overdue, I am in great support of this request. Localisation of content is quite cricial and having @[[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] as an administrator will go a long way in helping us improve our content. [[User:Brenda Namulinda|Brenda Namulinda]] ([[User talk:Brenda Namulinda|talk]]) 11:31, 19 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :His dedication and enthusiasm towards the Luganda Wikipedia is exceptional. He is the perfect fit for an admin and I second his request @[[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] [[User:Nabukeera Dorothy|Nabukeera Dorothy]] ([[User talk:Nabukeera Dorothy|talk]]) 11:33, 19 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :I highly endorse Ssemanda Will. He has good leadership and a linguistic background in Luganda language. Being an admin of this language will further the growth luganda Wikipedia at large [[User:Kinenkey|Kinenkey]] ([[User talk:Kinenkey|talk]]) 12:33, 19 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :i support Mr Ssemanda Will for luganda Wikipedia because i know he can promote our language through his leadership [[User:24RAY|24RAY]] ([[User talk:24RAY|talk]]) 12:40, 19 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :I strongly support the admin request by '''Wilson Ssemanda,''' for adminship on the Luganda Wikipedia. :Wilson’s current leadership role as the community manager of Uganda’s Usergroup makes him an ideal candidate. His knowledge of Luganda is much needed to support the growth of Luganda on Wikipedia. I trust Wilson to use admin tools responsibly and in the best interest of the Luganda Wikipedia community. [[User:Sisterian|Sisterian]] ([[User talk:Sisterian|talk]]) 13:06, 19 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :I support you will [[User:ESTHER NAKITENDE|ESTHER NAKITENDE]] ([[User talk:ESTHER NAKITENDE|talk]]) 14:24, 20 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :I strongly support you @[[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] we definitely need this tool [[User:Kisakye Jane|Kisakye Jane]] ([[User talk:Kisakye Jane|talk]]) 17:42, 29 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :Having William as a local admin for Luganda Wikipedia will be of great importance to the wiki in management of the different inconsistencies and challenges that we face as editors of Luganda Wikipedia especially with the review of the articles that are published on the wiki. He is a technical person in Luganda as a language and he is an experienced editor with profound knowledge on the Dos and Don'ts on editing Wikipedia which places him in a better position for the role. :He is highly recommended for the role. [[User:Solomon Suubi|Solomon Suubi]] ([[User talk:Solomon Suubi|talk]]) 14:23, 30 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :Will's quest for Adminship rights on Luganda Wikipedia is a move I wholeheartedly support due to his commitment to improving, maintaining and promoting the growth of open knowledge through the Luganda Wikipedia project. He understands the language, this gives him a chance to ensure the authenticity and integrity of all activities done on the project.[[User: Charles Kalanzi|Charles Kalanzi]] == Request: Enable Cat-a-lot tool for Better Category Management == Dear Luganda Wikipedia Community,As part of our '''ongoing Quality Control Campaign''', I would like to request the activation of '''the Cat-a-lot gadget''' on Luganda Wikipedia.'''Cat-a-lot''' is a powerful tool that allows us to add or remove categories from multiple pages at once, Move pages between categories efficiently, and Organize and clean up our category structure more effectively. This tool will be very helpful in improving the organization of content across Luganda Wikipedia, especially during our quality control efforts. I kindly ask '''the community''' to support enabling Cat-a-lot. Thank you very much! CC:[[User:Geossegawa]],[[User:Ssenkungu ivan]],[[User:Solomon Suubi]], [[User:MichealKal]], [[User:B722N]], [[User:Owobusingye]], [[User:Rtr PK]], [[User:Brenda Namulinda]] Best regards[[User:Ssemmanda will]] ([[User talk:Ssemmanda will]]) [[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] ([[User talk:Ssemmanda will|talk]]) 16:43, 29 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :yes i support enabling Cat-a-lot [[User:24RAY|24RAY]] ([[User talk:24RAY|talk]]) 17:41, 29 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :I support cat-a-lot-gadget to be enabled on luganda Wikipedia [[User:ESTHER NAKITENDE|ESTHER NAKITENDE]] ([[User talk:ESTHER NAKITENDE|talk]]) 18:57, 29 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :I strongly support that this Gadget be added on Luganda Wikipedia [[User:B722N|B722N]] ([[User talk:B722N|talk]]) 19:34, 29 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :I am in strong support that this Gadget be added on Luganda Wikipedia [[User:Kinenkey|Kinenkey]] ([[User talk:Kinenkey|talk]]) 07:26, 30 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :Your consideration for this request will improve on our work regarding management of categories on Luganda Wikipedia. Thanks [[User:Solomon Suubi|Solomon Suubi]] ([[User talk:Solomon Suubi|talk]]) 14:25, 30 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :: {{done}}. [[User:Neriah|Neriah]] ([[User talk:Neriah|talk]]) 07:55, 1 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) :::Thank you very much dear @[[User:Neriah|Neriah]] [[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] ([[User talk:Ssemmanda will|talk]]) 12:12, 1 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) == Request for community approval: Updating the Cat-a-lot gadget == Hello everyone, I am working on improving the Cat-a-lot gadget to make it more useful for all editors. [[User:Neriah]] originally installed this gadget on our wiki, but it only works inside categories. I would like to update it so that it works properly on search results pages and regular articles, not only on category pages. For this global interface editor to help us and make it work better, It requires the approval from you colleagues. Your support of this request will help all editors of Luganda Wikipedia to manage categories more easily. Please let me know if you have any objections or suggestions. Thank you, [[User:Ssemmanda will]] Luganda Wikipedia Admin CC @[[User:B722N|B722N]], @[[User:Ssenkungu ivan|Ssenkungu ivan]], @[[User:Nambogo Catharine|Nambogo Catharine]], @[[User:Solomon Suubi|Solomon Suubi]], @[[User:24RAY|24RAY]], @[[User:ESTHER NAKITENDE|ESTHER NAKITENDE]], @[[User:Sisterian|Sisterian]], @[[User:Samson Ssemakadde|Samson Ssemakadde]], @[[User:Ssebuufu|Ssebuufu]], @[[User:NKIZIK MARIE|NKIZIK MARIE]]..... [[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] ([[User talk:Ssemmanda will|talk]]) 16:41, 8 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) :I strongly agree and support this proposal. [[User:Lillylove256|Lillylove256]] ([[User talk:Lillylove256|talk]]) 17:00, 8 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) :I support the request for updating the Cat-a-lot gadget [[User:B722N|B722N]] ([[User talk:B722N|talk]]) 17:08, 8 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) :i support the request for updating the Cat-a-lot gadget for better use thanks [[User:24RAY|24RAY]] ([[User talk:24RAY|talk]]) 17:11, 8 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) ::Am in full support of this request towards the updating of 5he Cat-a-lot gadget. [[User:Nambogo Catharine|Nambogo Catharine]] ([[User talk:Nambogo Catharine|talk]]) 17:48, 8 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) :i support this proposal [[User:ESTHER NAKITENDE|ESTHER NAKITENDE]] ([[User talk:ESTHER NAKITENDE|talk]]) 20:27, 8 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) :I support the request for updating the Cat-a-lot gadget for more efficiency and quality administration [[User: Charles Kalanzi|Charles Kalanzi]] ([[User talk: Charles Kalanzi|talk]]) 09:00, 9 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) :I back the proposal to upgrade with the Cat-a-lot gadget, which will streamline administrative workflows and ensure higher quality outcomes. [[User:Kinenkey|Kinenkey]] ([[User talk:Kinenkey|talk]]) 09:01, 9 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) ::I approve [[User:Samson Ssemakadde|Samson Ssemakadde]] ([[User talk:Samson Ssemakadde|talk]]) 09:10, 9 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) :I support this request for better and effective organisation of articles on Luganda Wikipedia under categories. We appreciate your consideration always. [[User:Solomon Suubi|Solomon Suubi]] ([[User talk:Solomon Suubi|talk]]) 09:23, 9 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) ::Thank you colleagues [[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] ([[User talk:Ssemmanda will|talk]]) 18:12, 9 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) == Request for both Administrator and Interface administrators rights on Luganda Wikipedia == I am [[User:B722N|B722N]], an active contributor with over five years of experience in contributing to Wikimedia projects, including article creation, improvement, categorisation, community support, editor mentorship, and the use of Wikimedia tools. I am requesting the following rights: # '''Administrator rights:''' I am requesting these rights to help maintain Luganda Wikipedia by protecting pages, handling vandalism and abuse, deleting or restoring pages in accordance with Wikimedia policies, blocking disruptive users, supporting community discussions, and guiding new editors, among other tasks. # '''Interface administrator rights:''' I am also requesting Interface administrator rights to assist with technical maintenance tasks such as managing CSS and JS pages, importing and updating Lua modules to ensure templates function properly, importing and updating templates, maintaining interface pages, and other related technical tasks. I am committed to upholding Wikimedia policies and working collaboratively with the community. If anyone has any objections to either of my requests, please state them in the comments. Thank you. [[User:B722N|B722N]] ([[User talk:B722N|talk]]) 13:22, 3 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I strongly endorse [[User:B722N]], he is one of the most active and technical contributors we have in Uganda! [[User:MichealKal|MichealKal]] ([[User talk:MichealKal|talk]]) 14:00, 3 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I wholeheartedly endorse User:B722N for both administrator and interface admin rights for Luganda Wikipedia. His consistent activities and deep technical expertise make him an invaluable asset to our community here in Uganda. [[User:Kinenkey|Kinenkey]] ([[User talk:Kinenkey|talk]]) 14:16, 3 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I support the request made by [[User:B722N/common.js|User:B722N]] for Adminship rights on Luganda Wikipedia. He's a person committed to strengthening the quality and integrity of Luganda Wikipedia once his request is granted [[User:Charles Kalanzi|Charles Kalanzi]] ([[User talk:Charles Kalanzi|talk]]) 14:23, 3 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I strongly support the requests by [[User:B722N/common.js|User:B722N]] for his contributions have always been pivotal in the smooth running of our luganda wikipedia campaigns. As an IT professional of the contributors' stature, I have no doubt that he will surely perform the interface admin roles well. Having him as an adminstrator is as well an addition to the already existing admin and I believe the work will be more simplified.[[User:Geossegawa|Geossegawa]] ([[User talk:Geossegawa|talk]]) 19:08, 3 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) ::Baluku is of great influence to our community. We need him in this position to help elevate our community further. [[User:NKINZIK MARIE|NKINZIK MARIE]] ([[User talk:NKINZIK MARIE|talk]]) 05:35, 4 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I wholeheartedly support granting B722N both Administrator and Interface Administrator rights on Luganda Wikipedia. :As the Team Lead for the Luganda Wikipedia, I have had the privilege of working closely with B722N for several years. He is one of the most technically skilled and dependable contributors in our community and has consistently been my go-to person whenever we encounter technical challenges. He has played a vital role in mentoring both me and many other community members on Wikidata, PetScan, categories, and other advanced Wikimedia tools. His willingness to share knowledge has greatly strengthened our mentorship programmes and contributed significantly to the growth of our community. :Beyond his technical expertise, B722N is an experienced and trusted Wikimedian with a strong understanding of Wikimedia policies and community practices. He has always demonstrated professionalism, patience, and a collaborative spirit. I am also looking forward to working with him more closely on templates and other technical aspects of Luganda Wikipedia, where his expertise will be invaluable. :Granting him both Administrator and Interface Administrator rights will greatly benefit the Luganda Wikipedia by strengthening technical maintenance, improving content management, and ensuring timely support for editors. I fully endorse his request and have every confidence that he will exercise both rights responsibly and in the best interests of the project. Thank you so much! [[User:Ssenkungu ivan|Ssenkungu ivan]] ([[User talk:Ssenkungu ivan|talk]]) 21:51, 3 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I strongly support the grant for adminship towards User:B722N for his contributions have always been pivotal in the smooth running of our luganda wikipedia campaigns and he has been so supportive during mentorships and trainings. [[User:Nambogo Catharine|Nambogo Catharine]] ([[User talk:Nambogo Catharine|talk]]) 05:15, 4 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I believe that when he is this position, he will be of great importance according ti what he has done sofar. [[User:NKINZIK MARIE|NKINZIK MARIE]] ([[User talk:NKINZIK MARIE|talk]]) 05:33, 4 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) == Request for Interface Administrator rights: Kinenkey == '''User:''' [[User:Kinenkey|Kinenkey]] ([[User talk:Kinenkey|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kinenkey|contribs]])<br /> '''Requested role:''' Interface Administrator === Statement === Dear Luganda Wikipedia community, I am writing to formally request '''Interface Administrator''' rights on Luganda Wikipedia. Since beginning my journey across Wikimedia projects in 2024, I have been an active contributor dedicated to strengthening our ecosystem through article creation, content improvement, systematic categorization, editor mentorship, community support, and the utilization of various Wikimedia technical tools. As Luganda Wikipedia continues to grow, maintaining a smooth, functional, and modern technical foundation is crucial. If granted Interface Administrator privileges, I intend to assist the community with the following technical maintenance tasks: * '''Site Customization & Scripts: ''' Managing and maintaining global CSS (`MediaWiki:Common.css`) and JavaScript (`MediaWiki:Common.js`) pages to improve rendering, accessibility, and user experience. * '''Lua Module Management: ''' Importing, updating, and optimizing Lua modules to ensure dynamic templates (such as Infoboxes and Navigation templates) function seamlessly and error-free. * '''Template Infrastructure:''' Importing and updating core interface templates to streamline content creation for all contributors. * '''Interface Localization & Messages: ''' Translating and maintaining MediaWiki interface pages to ensure the platform remains intuitive for Luganda speakers. * '''General Technical Maintenance: ''' Addressing technical bugs, broken styles, and maintenance backlogs as requested by the community. I am deeply committed to upholding all Wikimedia safety standards, technical security protocols, and community guidelines. I will work transparently and collaboratively with local editors and administrators to ensure all technical changes align with the project's goals. Thank you for your time and consideration. I welcome any questions, feedback, or comments from the community below. Best regards, [[User:Kinenkey|Kinenkey]] ([[User talk:Kinenkey|talk]]) [[User:Kinenkey|Kinenkey]] ([[User talk:Kinenkey|talk]]) 11:52, 5 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I second your request @[[User:Kinenkey|Kinenkey]], I believe that your technical and coding knowledge combined with the Interface admin rights will solve some of the challenges that we are facing on the Luganda Wikipedia. [[User:B722N|B722N]] ([[User talk:B722N|talk]]) 12:04, 5 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I second you Kinenkey. I believe this will take Luganda Wikipedia forward [[User:Lillylove256|Lillylove256]] ([[User talk:Lillylove256|talk]]) 12:17, 5 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I second you [[User:ESTHER NAKITENDE|ESTHER NAKITENDE]] ([[User talk:ESTHER NAKITENDE|talk]]) 13:34, 5 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) 3gvq1gzwfsbhr0shnl4ewuz0e4caw3g 66736 66735 2026-08-05T14:03:44Z 24RAY 11014 /* I support you */ new section 66736 wikitext text/x-wiki == Request for Luganda wikipedia administrator == Hello, I'm Ssegawa a native luganda speaker and member of wikimedia community user group Uganda. I am professional librarian that is passionate about free and quality information and I have been editing wikipedia both English and Luganda and I am one of the leading contributors. I therefore seek rights as an administrator lg.wikipedia.org to be able to ensure quality of the content on the luganda wikipedia and solve some gramatical errors evident on the interface. [[User:Geossegawa|Geossegawa]] ([[User talk:Geossegawa|talk]]) 14:28, 4 Gwakkuminebiri 2024 (UTC) == Request for Adminship on Luganda Wikipedia == <small>Dear Wikimedians,</small> <small>My name is Ssemanda Willy (User: Ssemmanda will). I am the former Project Lead of Luganda Wikipedia (2022–2025) and currently serve as Community Manager of the Wikimedia Community User Group Uganda. I respectfully submit my request for Adminship on our Luganda Wikipedia.</small> <small>My motivation for seeking adminship is to: Maintain and improve the quality of Luganda Wikipedia articles, support the community by handling administrative tasks such as page protection, deletion, and combating vandalism, encourage new contributors by providing guidance and ensuring a safe, welcoming environment and strengthen Luganda Wikipedia as part of our broader mission to preserve and promote Ugandan languages online.</small> <small>I believe my experience in leadership, advocacy, editing, and training equips me to serve effectively as an administrator. I am committed to transparency, collaboration, and supporting the growth of Luganda Wikipedia.</small> <small>Thank you for considering my request. I welcome your feedback and look forward to continuing to work together to build a strong Luganda Wikipedia.</small> <small>Sincerely,</small> <small>User:</small>@<small>Ssemmanda will - [[Special:Contributions/Ssemmanda will|1,130]] Global edit count.</small> @ [[User:Geossegawa|Geossegawa]], @[[User:Jose77|Jose77]], @[[User:Ssenkungu ivan|Ssenkungu ivan]], @[[User:Nambogo Catharine|Nambogo Catharine]], @[[User:Solomon Suubi|Solomon Suubi]], @[[User:Ice201|Ice201]], @[[User:MichealKal|MichealKal]], @[[User:Owobusingye|Owobusingye]], @[[User:Erinamukuta|Erinamukuta]], @[[User:B722N|B722N]], @[[User:Kyakwera|Kyakwera]], [[User:Tumbuka Arch@|Tumbuka Arch]] [[User:Kateregga1|Kateregga1]] [[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] ([[User talk:Ssemmanda will|talk]]) 09:40, 18 Gwakusatu(Mugulansigo) 2026 (UTC) :I second your request, @[[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]], I strongly believe that Luganda Wikipedia needs a local-language administrator who has a deep understanding of the language in both its spoken and written forms. [[User:B722N|B722N]] ([[User talk:B722N|talk]]) 10:56, 18 Gwakusatu(Mugulansigo) 2026 (UTC) ::Thank you @[[User:B722N|B722N]] [[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] ([[User talk:Ssemmanda will|talk]]) 12:09, 18 Gwakusatu(Mugulansigo) 2026 (UTC) :I second Mr. Ssemmanda Wilson [[User:NKINZIK MARIE|NKINZIK MARIE]] ([[User talk:NKINZIK MARIE|talk]]) 16:33, 19 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :i wholeheartedly support Sir Will. [[User:Rtr PK|Rtr PK]] ([[User talk:Rtr PK|talk]]) 19:12, 19 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :I highly endorse Ssemanda Will. His leadership and linguistic background in Luganda are essential to be admin of the language to manage the Wikipedia at large [[User:Owobusingye|Owobusingye]] ([[User talk:Owobusingye|talk]]) 13:49, 23 Gwakusatu(Mugulansigo) 2026 (UTC) ::Thank you Mr @[[User:Owobusingye|Owobusingye]] [[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] ([[User talk:Ssemmanda will|talk]]) 11:26, 24 Gwakusatu(Mugulansigo) 2026 (UTC) :Mr. Ssemmanda Will is even a teacher of the language so we are saafe in his hands as the editors of the language [[User:NKINZIK MARIE|NKINZIK MARIE]] ([[User talk:NKINZIK MARIE|talk]]) 16:37, 19 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :I fully support @[[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]]. It’s important for Luganda Wikipedia to have an administrator who truly understands the language both in its spoken and written forms to effectively guide and manage this Language Wikipedia and Willy was a Luganda project lead for several years. [[User:MichealKal|MichealKal]] ([[User talk:MichealKal|talk]]) 06:33, 31 Gwakusatu(Mugulansigo) 2026 (UTC) :I second @[[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] request. He is one of the leading luganda wikipedia contributors and a good mentor to all contributors. Having him as an admin gives us the chance to improve the wikipedia more. [[User:Geossegawa|Geossegawa]] ([[User talk:Geossegawa|talk]]) 16:53, 2 Gwakuna(Kafuumuulampawu) 2026 (UTC) :This was long overdue, I am in great support of this request. Localisation of content is quite cricial and having @[[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] as an administrator will go a long way in helping us improve our content. [[User:Brenda Namulinda|Brenda Namulinda]] ([[User talk:Brenda Namulinda|talk]]) 11:31, 19 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :His dedication and enthusiasm towards the Luganda Wikipedia is exceptional. He is the perfect fit for an admin and I second his request @[[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] [[User:Nabukeera Dorothy|Nabukeera Dorothy]] ([[User talk:Nabukeera Dorothy|talk]]) 11:33, 19 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :I highly endorse Ssemanda Will. He has good leadership and a linguistic background in Luganda language. Being an admin of this language will further the growth luganda Wikipedia at large [[User:Kinenkey|Kinenkey]] ([[User talk:Kinenkey|talk]]) 12:33, 19 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :i support Mr Ssemanda Will for luganda Wikipedia because i know he can promote our language through his leadership [[User:24RAY|24RAY]] ([[User talk:24RAY|talk]]) 12:40, 19 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :I strongly support the admin request by '''Wilson Ssemanda,''' for adminship on the Luganda Wikipedia. :Wilson’s current leadership role as the community manager of Uganda’s Usergroup makes him an ideal candidate. His knowledge of Luganda is much needed to support the growth of Luganda on Wikipedia. I trust Wilson to use admin tools responsibly and in the best interest of the Luganda Wikipedia community. [[User:Sisterian|Sisterian]] ([[User talk:Sisterian|talk]]) 13:06, 19 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :I support you will [[User:ESTHER NAKITENDE|ESTHER NAKITENDE]] ([[User talk:ESTHER NAKITENDE|talk]]) 14:24, 20 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :I strongly support you @[[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] we definitely need this tool [[User:Kisakye Jane|Kisakye Jane]] ([[User talk:Kisakye Jane|talk]]) 17:42, 29 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :Having William as a local admin for Luganda Wikipedia will be of great importance to the wiki in management of the different inconsistencies and challenges that we face as editors of Luganda Wikipedia especially with the review of the articles that are published on the wiki. He is a technical person in Luganda as a language and he is an experienced editor with profound knowledge on the Dos and Don'ts on editing Wikipedia which places him in a better position for the role. :He is highly recommended for the role. [[User:Solomon Suubi|Solomon Suubi]] ([[User talk:Solomon Suubi|talk]]) 14:23, 30 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :Will's quest for Adminship rights on Luganda Wikipedia is a move I wholeheartedly support due to his commitment to improving, maintaining and promoting the growth of open knowledge through the Luganda Wikipedia project. He understands the language, this gives him a chance to ensure the authenticity and integrity of all activities done on the project.[[User: Charles Kalanzi|Charles Kalanzi]] == Request: Enable Cat-a-lot tool for Better Category Management == Dear Luganda Wikipedia Community,As part of our '''ongoing Quality Control Campaign''', I would like to request the activation of '''the Cat-a-lot gadget''' on Luganda Wikipedia.'''Cat-a-lot''' is a powerful tool that allows us to add or remove categories from multiple pages at once, Move pages between categories efficiently, and Organize and clean up our category structure more effectively. This tool will be very helpful in improving the organization of content across Luganda Wikipedia, especially during our quality control efforts. I kindly ask '''the community''' to support enabling Cat-a-lot. Thank you very much! CC:[[User:Geossegawa]],[[User:Ssenkungu ivan]],[[User:Solomon Suubi]], [[User:MichealKal]], [[User:B722N]], [[User:Owobusingye]], [[User:Rtr PK]], [[User:Brenda Namulinda]] Best regards[[User:Ssemmanda will]] ([[User talk:Ssemmanda will]]) [[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] ([[User talk:Ssemmanda will|talk]]) 16:43, 29 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :yes i support enabling Cat-a-lot [[User:24RAY|24RAY]] ([[User talk:24RAY|talk]]) 17:41, 29 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :I support cat-a-lot-gadget to be enabled on luganda Wikipedia [[User:ESTHER NAKITENDE|ESTHER NAKITENDE]] ([[User talk:ESTHER NAKITENDE|talk]]) 18:57, 29 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :I strongly support that this Gadget be added on Luganda Wikipedia [[User:B722N|B722N]] ([[User talk:B722N|talk]]) 19:34, 29 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :I am in strong support that this Gadget be added on Luganda Wikipedia [[User:Kinenkey|Kinenkey]] ([[User talk:Kinenkey|talk]]) 07:26, 30 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :Your consideration for this request will improve on our work regarding management of categories on Luganda Wikipedia. Thanks [[User:Solomon Suubi|Solomon Suubi]] ([[User talk:Solomon Suubi|talk]]) 14:25, 30 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :: {{done}}. [[User:Neriah|Neriah]] ([[User talk:Neriah|talk]]) 07:55, 1 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) :::Thank you very much dear @[[User:Neriah|Neriah]] [[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] ([[User talk:Ssemmanda will|talk]]) 12:12, 1 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) == Request for community approval: Updating the Cat-a-lot gadget == Hello everyone, I am working on improving the Cat-a-lot gadget to make it more useful for all editors. [[User:Neriah]] originally installed this gadget on our wiki, but it only works inside categories. I would like to update it so that it works properly on search results pages and regular articles, not only on category pages. For this global interface editor to help us and make it work better, It requires the approval from you colleagues. Your support of this request will help all editors of Luganda Wikipedia to manage categories more easily. Please let me know if you have any objections or suggestions. Thank you, [[User:Ssemmanda will]] Luganda Wikipedia Admin CC @[[User:B722N|B722N]], @[[User:Ssenkungu ivan|Ssenkungu ivan]], @[[User:Nambogo Catharine|Nambogo Catharine]], @[[User:Solomon Suubi|Solomon Suubi]], @[[User:24RAY|24RAY]], @[[User:ESTHER NAKITENDE|ESTHER NAKITENDE]], @[[User:Sisterian|Sisterian]], @[[User:Samson Ssemakadde|Samson Ssemakadde]], @[[User:Ssebuufu|Ssebuufu]], @[[User:NKIZIK MARIE|NKIZIK MARIE]]..... [[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] ([[User talk:Ssemmanda will|talk]]) 16:41, 8 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) :I strongly agree and support this proposal. [[User:Lillylove256|Lillylove256]] ([[User talk:Lillylove256|talk]]) 17:00, 8 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) :I support the request for updating the Cat-a-lot gadget [[User:B722N|B722N]] ([[User talk:B722N|talk]]) 17:08, 8 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) :i support the request for updating the Cat-a-lot gadget for better use thanks [[User:24RAY|24RAY]] ([[User talk:24RAY|talk]]) 17:11, 8 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) ::Am in full support of this request towards the updating of 5he Cat-a-lot gadget. [[User:Nambogo Catharine|Nambogo Catharine]] ([[User talk:Nambogo Catharine|talk]]) 17:48, 8 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) :i support this proposal [[User:ESTHER NAKITENDE|ESTHER NAKITENDE]] ([[User talk:ESTHER NAKITENDE|talk]]) 20:27, 8 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) :I support the request for updating the Cat-a-lot gadget for more efficiency and quality administration [[User: Charles Kalanzi|Charles Kalanzi]] ([[User talk: Charles Kalanzi|talk]]) 09:00, 9 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) :I back the proposal to upgrade with the Cat-a-lot gadget, which will streamline administrative workflows and ensure higher quality outcomes. [[User:Kinenkey|Kinenkey]] ([[User talk:Kinenkey|talk]]) 09:01, 9 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) ::I approve [[User:Samson Ssemakadde|Samson Ssemakadde]] ([[User talk:Samson Ssemakadde|talk]]) 09:10, 9 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) :I support this request for better and effective organisation of articles on Luganda Wikipedia under categories. We appreciate your consideration always. [[User:Solomon Suubi|Solomon Suubi]] ([[User talk:Solomon Suubi|talk]]) 09:23, 9 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) ::Thank you colleagues [[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] ([[User talk:Ssemmanda will|talk]]) 18:12, 9 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) == Request for both Administrator and Interface administrators rights on Luganda Wikipedia == I am [[User:B722N|B722N]], an active contributor with over five years of experience in contributing to Wikimedia projects, including article creation, improvement, categorisation, community support, editor mentorship, and the use of Wikimedia tools. I am requesting the following rights: # '''Administrator rights:''' I am requesting these rights to help maintain Luganda Wikipedia by protecting pages, handling vandalism and abuse, deleting or restoring pages in accordance with Wikimedia policies, blocking disruptive users, supporting community discussions, and guiding new editors, among other tasks. # '''Interface administrator rights:''' I am also requesting Interface administrator rights to assist with technical maintenance tasks such as managing CSS and JS pages, importing and updating Lua modules to ensure templates function properly, importing and updating templates, maintaining interface pages, and other related technical tasks. I am committed to upholding Wikimedia policies and working collaboratively with the community. If anyone has any objections to either of my requests, please state them in the comments. Thank you. [[User:B722N|B722N]] ([[User talk:B722N|talk]]) 13:22, 3 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I strongly endorse [[User:B722N]], he is one of the most active and technical contributors we have in Uganda! [[User:MichealKal|MichealKal]] ([[User talk:MichealKal|talk]]) 14:00, 3 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I wholeheartedly endorse User:B722N for both administrator and interface admin rights for Luganda Wikipedia. His consistent activities and deep technical expertise make him an invaluable asset to our community here in Uganda. [[User:Kinenkey|Kinenkey]] ([[User talk:Kinenkey|talk]]) 14:16, 3 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I support the request made by [[User:B722N/common.js|User:B722N]] for Adminship rights on Luganda Wikipedia. He's a person committed to strengthening the quality and integrity of Luganda Wikipedia once his request is granted [[User:Charles Kalanzi|Charles Kalanzi]] ([[User talk:Charles Kalanzi|talk]]) 14:23, 3 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I strongly support the requests by [[User:B722N/common.js|User:B722N]] for his contributions have always been pivotal in the smooth running of our luganda wikipedia campaigns. As an IT professional of the contributors' stature, I have no doubt that he will surely perform the interface admin roles well. Having him as an adminstrator is as well an addition to the already existing admin and I believe the work will be more simplified.[[User:Geossegawa|Geossegawa]] ([[User talk:Geossegawa|talk]]) 19:08, 3 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) ::Baluku is of great influence to our community. We need him in this position to help elevate our community further. [[User:NKINZIK MARIE|NKINZIK MARIE]] ([[User talk:NKINZIK MARIE|talk]]) 05:35, 4 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I wholeheartedly support granting B722N both Administrator and Interface Administrator rights on Luganda Wikipedia. :As the Team Lead for the Luganda Wikipedia, I have had the privilege of working closely with B722N for several years. He is one of the most technically skilled and dependable contributors in our community and has consistently been my go-to person whenever we encounter technical challenges. He has played a vital role in mentoring both me and many other community members on Wikidata, PetScan, categories, and other advanced Wikimedia tools. His willingness to share knowledge has greatly strengthened our mentorship programmes and contributed significantly to the growth of our community. :Beyond his technical expertise, B722N is an experienced and trusted Wikimedian with a strong understanding of Wikimedia policies and community practices. He has always demonstrated professionalism, patience, and a collaborative spirit. I am also looking forward to working with him more closely on templates and other technical aspects of Luganda Wikipedia, where his expertise will be invaluable. :Granting him both Administrator and Interface Administrator rights will greatly benefit the Luganda Wikipedia by strengthening technical maintenance, improving content management, and ensuring timely support for editors. I fully endorse his request and have every confidence that he will exercise both rights responsibly and in the best interests of the project. Thank you so much! [[User:Ssenkungu ivan|Ssenkungu ivan]] ([[User talk:Ssenkungu ivan|talk]]) 21:51, 3 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I strongly support the grant for adminship towards User:B722N for his contributions have always been pivotal in the smooth running of our luganda wikipedia campaigns and he has been so supportive during mentorships and trainings. [[User:Nambogo Catharine|Nambogo Catharine]] ([[User talk:Nambogo Catharine|talk]]) 05:15, 4 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I believe that when he is this position, he will be of great importance according ti what he has done sofar. [[User:NKINZIK MARIE|NKINZIK MARIE]] ([[User talk:NKINZIK MARIE|talk]]) 05:33, 4 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) == Request for Interface Administrator rights: Kinenkey == '''User:''' [[User:Kinenkey|Kinenkey]] ([[User talk:Kinenkey|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kinenkey|contribs]])<br /> '''Requested role:''' Interface Administrator === Statement === Dear Luganda Wikipedia community, I am writing to formally request '''Interface Administrator''' rights on Luganda Wikipedia. Since beginning my journey across Wikimedia projects in 2024, I have been an active contributor dedicated to strengthening our ecosystem through article creation, content improvement, systematic categorization, editor mentorship, community support, and the utilization of various Wikimedia technical tools. As Luganda Wikipedia continues to grow, maintaining a smooth, functional, and modern technical foundation is crucial. If granted Interface Administrator privileges, I intend to assist the community with the following technical maintenance tasks: * '''Site Customization & Scripts: ''' Managing and maintaining global CSS (`MediaWiki:Common.css`) and JavaScript (`MediaWiki:Common.js`) pages to improve rendering, accessibility, and user experience. * '''Lua Module Management: ''' Importing, updating, and optimizing Lua modules to ensure dynamic templates (such as Infoboxes and Navigation templates) function seamlessly and error-free. * '''Template Infrastructure:''' Importing and updating core interface templates to streamline content creation for all contributors. * '''Interface Localization & Messages: ''' Translating and maintaining MediaWiki interface pages to ensure the platform remains intuitive for Luganda speakers. * '''General Technical Maintenance: ''' Addressing technical bugs, broken styles, and maintenance backlogs as requested by the community. I am deeply committed to upholding all Wikimedia safety standards, technical security protocols, and community guidelines. I will work transparently and collaboratively with local editors and administrators to ensure all technical changes align with the project's goals. Thank you for your time and consideration. I welcome any questions, feedback, or comments from the community below. Best regards, [[User:Kinenkey|Kinenkey]] ([[User talk:Kinenkey|talk]]) [[User:Kinenkey|Kinenkey]] ([[User talk:Kinenkey|talk]]) 11:52, 5 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I second your request @[[User:Kinenkey|Kinenkey]], I believe that your technical and coding knowledge combined with the Interface admin rights will solve some of the challenges that we are facing on the Luganda Wikipedia. [[User:B722N|B722N]] ([[User talk:B722N|talk]]) 12:04, 5 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I second you Kinenkey. I believe this will take Luganda Wikipedia forward [[User:Lillylove256|Lillylove256]] ([[User talk:Lillylove256|talk]]) 12:17, 5 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I second you [[User:ESTHER NAKITENDE|ESTHER NAKITENDE]] ([[User talk:ESTHER NAKITENDE|talk]]) 13:34, 5 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) == I support you == for better and qualified articles [[User:24RAY|24RAY]] ([[User talk:24RAY|talk]]) 14:03, 5 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) norpjc7nnrp0mtruoijkoe9noyg53o0 66737 66736 2026-08-05T14:45:18Z 24RAY 11014 /* Statement */ Ekyokuddamu 66737 wikitext text/x-wiki == Request for Luganda wikipedia administrator == Hello, I'm Ssegawa a native luganda speaker and member of wikimedia community user group Uganda. I am professional librarian that is passionate about free and quality information and I have been editing wikipedia both English and Luganda and I am one of the leading contributors. I therefore seek rights as an administrator lg.wikipedia.org to be able to ensure quality of the content on the luganda wikipedia and solve some gramatical errors evident on the interface. [[User:Geossegawa|Geossegawa]] ([[User talk:Geossegawa|talk]]) 14:28, 4 Gwakkuminebiri 2024 (UTC) == Request for Adminship on Luganda Wikipedia == <small>Dear Wikimedians,</small> <small>My name is Ssemanda Willy (User: Ssemmanda will). I am the former Project Lead of Luganda Wikipedia (2022–2025) and currently serve as Community Manager of the Wikimedia Community User Group Uganda. I respectfully submit my request for Adminship on our Luganda Wikipedia.</small> <small>My motivation for seeking adminship is to: Maintain and improve the quality of Luganda Wikipedia articles, support the community by handling administrative tasks such as page protection, deletion, and combating vandalism, encourage new contributors by providing guidance and ensuring a safe, welcoming environment and strengthen Luganda Wikipedia as part of our broader mission to preserve and promote Ugandan languages online.</small> <small>I believe my experience in leadership, advocacy, editing, and training equips me to serve effectively as an administrator. I am committed to transparency, collaboration, and supporting the growth of Luganda Wikipedia.</small> <small>Thank you for considering my request. I welcome your feedback and look forward to continuing to work together to build a strong Luganda Wikipedia.</small> <small>Sincerely,</small> <small>User:</small>@<small>Ssemmanda will - [[Special:Contributions/Ssemmanda will|1,130]] Global edit count.</small> @ [[User:Geossegawa|Geossegawa]], @[[User:Jose77|Jose77]], @[[User:Ssenkungu ivan|Ssenkungu ivan]], @[[User:Nambogo Catharine|Nambogo Catharine]], @[[User:Solomon Suubi|Solomon Suubi]], @[[User:Ice201|Ice201]], @[[User:MichealKal|MichealKal]], @[[User:Owobusingye|Owobusingye]], @[[User:Erinamukuta|Erinamukuta]], @[[User:B722N|B722N]], @[[User:Kyakwera|Kyakwera]], [[User:Tumbuka Arch@|Tumbuka Arch]] [[User:Kateregga1|Kateregga1]] [[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] ([[User talk:Ssemmanda will|talk]]) 09:40, 18 Gwakusatu(Mugulansigo) 2026 (UTC) :I second your request, @[[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]], I strongly believe that Luganda Wikipedia needs a local-language administrator who has a deep understanding of the language in both its spoken and written forms. [[User:B722N|B722N]] ([[User talk:B722N|talk]]) 10:56, 18 Gwakusatu(Mugulansigo) 2026 (UTC) ::Thank you @[[User:B722N|B722N]] [[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] ([[User talk:Ssemmanda will|talk]]) 12:09, 18 Gwakusatu(Mugulansigo) 2026 (UTC) :I second Mr. Ssemmanda Wilson [[User:NKINZIK MARIE|NKINZIK MARIE]] ([[User talk:NKINZIK MARIE|talk]]) 16:33, 19 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :i wholeheartedly support Sir Will. [[User:Rtr PK|Rtr PK]] ([[User talk:Rtr PK|talk]]) 19:12, 19 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :I highly endorse Ssemanda Will. His leadership and linguistic background in Luganda are essential to be admin of the language to manage the Wikipedia at large [[User:Owobusingye|Owobusingye]] ([[User talk:Owobusingye|talk]]) 13:49, 23 Gwakusatu(Mugulansigo) 2026 (UTC) ::Thank you Mr @[[User:Owobusingye|Owobusingye]] [[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] ([[User talk:Ssemmanda will|talk]]) 11:26, 24 Gwakusatu(Mugulansigo) 2026 (UTC) :Mr. Ssemmanda Will is even a teacher of the language so we are saafe in his hands as the editors of the language [[User:NKINZIK MARIE|NKINZIK MARIE]] ([[User talk:NKINZIK MARIE|talk]]) 16:37, 19 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :I fully support @[[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]]. It’s important for Luganda Wikipedia to have an administrator who truly understands the language both in its spoken and written forms to effectively guide and manage this Language Wikipedia and Willy was a Luganda project lead for several years. [[User:MichealKal|MichealKal]] ([[User talk:MichealKal|talk]]) 06:33, 31 Gwakusatu(Mugulansigo) 2026 (UTC) :I second @[[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] request. He is one of the leading luganda wikipedia contributors and a good mentor to all contributors. Having him as an admin gives us the chance to improve the wikipedia more. [[User:Geossegawa|Geossegawa]] ([[User talk:Geossegawa|talk]]) 16:53, 2 Gwakuna(Kafuumuulampawu) 2026 (UTC) :This was long overdue, I am in great support of this request. Localisation of content is quite cricial and having @[[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] as an administrator will go a long way in helping us improve our content. [[User:Brenda Namulinda|Brenda Namulinda]] ([[User talk:Brenda Namulinda|talk]]) 11:31, 19 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :His dedication and enthusiasm towards the Luganda Wikipedia is exceptional. He is the perfect fit for an admin and I second his request @[[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] [[User:Nabukeera Dorothy|Nabukeera Dorothy]] ([[User talk:Nabukeera Dorothy|talk]]) 11:33, 19 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :I highly endorse Ssemanda Will. He has good leadership and a linguistic background in Luganda language. Being an admin of this language will further the growth luganda Wikipedia at large [[User:Kinenkey|Kinenkey]] ([[User talk:Kinenkey|talk]]) 12:33, 19 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :i support Mr Ssemanda Will for luganda Wikipedia because i know he can promote our language through his leadership [[User:24RAY|24RAY]] ([[User talk:24RAY|talk]]) 12:40, 19 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :I strongly support the admin request by '''Wilson Ssemanda,''' for adminship on the Luganda Wikipedia. :Wilson’s current leadership role as the community manager of Uganda’s Usergroup makes him an ideal candidate. His knowledge of Luganda is much needed to support the growth of Luganda on Wikipedia. I trust Wilson to use admin tools responsibly and in the best interest of the Luganda Wikipedia community. [[User:Sisterian|Sisterian]] ([[User talk:Sisterian|talk]]) 13:06, 19 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :I support you will [[User:ESTHER NAKITENDE|ESTHER NAKITENDE]] ([[User talk:ESTHER NAKITENDE|talk]]) 14:24, 20 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :I strongly support you @[[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] we definitely need this tool [[User:Kisakye Jane|Kisakye Jane]] ([[User talk:Kisakye Jane|talk]]) 17:42, 29 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :Having William as a local admin for Luganda Wikipedia will be of great importance to the wiki in management of the different inconsistencies and challenges that we face as editors of Luganda Wikipedia especially with the review of the articles that are published on the wiki. He is a technical person in Luganda as a language and he is an experienced editor with profound knowledge on the Dos and Don'ts on editing Wikipedia which places him in a better position for the role. :He is highly recommended for the role. [[User:Solomon Suubi|Solomon Suubi]] ([[User talk:Solomon Suubi|talk]]) 14:23, 30 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :Will's quest for Adminship rights on Luganda Wikipedia is a move I wholeheartedly support due to his commitment to improving, maintaining and promoting the growth of open knowledge through the Luganda Wikipedia project. He understands the language, this gives him a chance to ensure the authenticity and integrity of all activities done on the project.[[User: Charles Kalanzi|Charles Kalanzi]] == Request: Enable Cat-a-lot tool for Better Category Management == Dear Luganda Wikipedia Community,As part of our '''ongoing Quality Control Campaign''', I would like to request the activation of '''the Cat-a-lot gadget''' on Luganda Wikipedia.'''Cat-a-lot''' is a powerful tool that allows us to add or remove categories from multiple pages at once, Move pages between categories efficiently, and Organize and clean up our category structure more effectively. This tool will be very helpful in improving the organization of content across Luganda Wikipedia, especially during our quality control efforts. I kindly ask '''the community''' to support enabling Cat-a-lot. Thank you very much! CC:[[User:Geossegawa]],[[User:Ssenkungu ivan]],[[User:Solomon Suubi]], [[User:MichealKal]], [[User:B722N]], [[User:Owobusingye]], [[User:Rtr PK]], [[User:Brenda Namulinda]] Best regards[[User:Ssemmanda will]] ([[User talk:Ssemmanda will]]) [[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] ([[User talk:Ssemmanda will|talk]]) 16:43, 29 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :yes i support enabling Cat-a-lot [[User:24RAY|24RAY]] ([[User talk:24RAY|talk]]) 17:41, 29 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :I support cat-a-lot-gadget to be enabled on luganda Wikipedia [[User:ESTHER NAKITENDE|ESTHER NAKITENDE]] ([[User talk:ESTHER NAKITENDE|talk]]) 18:57, 29 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :I strongly support that this Gadget be added on Luganda Wikipedia [[User:B722N|B722N]] ([[User talk:B722N|talk]]) 19:34, 29 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :I am in strong support that this Gadget be added on Luganda Wikipedia [[User:Kinenkey|Kinenkey]] ([[User talk:Kinenkey|talk]]) 07:26, 30 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :Your consideration for this request will improve on our work regarding management of categories on Luganda Wikipedia. Thanks [[User:Solomon Suubi|Solomon Suubi]] ([[User talk:Solomon Suubi|talk]]) 14:25, 30 Gwamukaaga(Ssebaaseka) 2026 (UTC) :: {{done}}. [[User:Neriah|Neriah]] ([[User talk:Neriah|talk]]) 07:55, 1 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) :::Thank you very much dear @[[User:Neriah|Neriah]] [[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] ([[User talk:Ssemmanda will|talk]]) 12:12, 1 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) == Request for community approval: Updating the Cat-a-lot gadget == Hello everyone, I am working on improving the Cat-a-lot gadget to make it more useful for all editors. [[User:Neriah]] originally installed this gadget on our wiki, but it only works inside categories. I would like to update it so that it works properly on search results pages and regular articles, not only on category pages. For this global interface editor to help us and make it work better, It requires the approval from you colleagues. Your support of this request will help all editors of Luganda Wikipedia to manage categories more easily. Please let me know if you have any objections or suggestions. Thank you, [[User:Ssemmanda will]] Luganda Wikipedia Admin CC @[[User:B722N|B722N]], @[[User:Ssenkungu ivan|Ssenkungu ivan]], @[[User:Nambogo Catharine|Nambogo Catharine]], @[[User:Solomon Suubi|Solomon Suubi]], @[[User:24RAY|24RAY]], @[[User:ESTHER NAKITENDE|ESTHER NAKITENDE]], @[[User:Sisterian|Sisterian]], @[[User:Samson Ssemakadde|Samson Ssemakadde]], @[[User:Ssebuufu|Ssebuufu]], @[[User:NKIZIK MARIE|NKIZIK MARIE]]..... [[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] ([[User talk:Ssemmanda will|talk]]) 16:41, 8 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) :I strongly agree and support this proposal. [[User:Lillylove256|Lillylove256]] ([[User talk:Lillylove256|talk]]) 17:00, 8 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) :I support the request for updating the Cat-a-lot gadget [[User:B722N|B722N]] ([[User talk:B722N|talk]]) 17:08, 8 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) :i support the request for updating the Cat-a-lot gadget for better use thanks [[User:24RAY|24RAY]] ([[User talk:24RAY|talk]]) 17:11, 8 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) ::Am in full support of this request towards the updating of 5he Cat-a-lot gadget. [[User:Nambogo Catharine|Nambogo Catharine]] ([[User talk:Nambogo Catharine|talk]]) 17:48, 8 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) :i support this proposal [[User:ESTHER NAKITENDE|ESTHER NAKITENDE]] ([[User talk:ESTHER NAKITENDE|talk]]) 20:27, 8 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) :I support the request for updating the Cat-a-lot gadget for more efficiency and quality administration [[User: Charles Kalanzi|Charles Kalanzi]] ([[User talk: Charles Kalanzi|talk]]) 09:00, 9 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) :I back the proposal to upgrade with the Cat-a-lot gadget, which will streamline administrative workflows and ensure higher quality outcomes. [[User:Kinenkey|Kinenkey]] ([[User talk:Kinenkey|talk]]) 09:01, 9 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) ::I approve [[User:Samson Ssemakadde|Samson Ssemakadde]] ([[User talk:Samson Ssemakadde|talk]]) 09:10, 9 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) :I support this request for better and effective organisation of articles on Luganda Wikipedia under categories. We appreciate your consideration always. [[User:Solomon Suubi|Solomon Suubi]] ([[User talk:Solomon Suubi|talk]]) 09:23, 9 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) ::Thank you colleagues [[User:Ssemmanda will|Ssemmanda will]] ([[User talk:Ssemmanda will|talk]]) 18:12, 9 Gwamusanvu(Kasambula) 2026 (UTC) == Request for both Administrator and Interface administrators rights on Luganda Wikipedia == I am [[User:B722N|B722N]], an active contributor with over five years of experience in contributing to Wikimedia projects, including article creation, improvement, categorisation, community support, editor mentorship, and the use of Wikimedia tools. I am requesting the following rights: # '''Administrator rights:''' I am requesting these rights to help maintain Luganda Wikipedia by protecting pages, handling vandalism and abuse, deleting or restoring pages in accordance with Wikimedia policies, blocking disruptive users, supporting community discussions, and guiding new editors, among other tasks. # '''Interface administrator rights:''' I am also requesting Interface administrator rights to assist with technical maintenance tasks such as managing CSS and JS pages, importing and updating Lua modules to ensure templates function properly, importing and updating templates, maintaining interface pages, and other related technical tasks. I am committed to upholding Wikimedia policies and working collaboratively with the community. If anyone has any objections to either of my requests, please state them in the comments. Thank you. [[User:B722N|B722N]] ([[User talk:B722N|talk]]) 13:22, 3 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I strongly endorse [[User:B722N]], he is one of the most active and technical contributors we have in Uganda! [[User:MichealKal|MichealKal]] ([[User talk:MichealKal|talk]]) 14:00, 3 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I wholeheartedly endorse User:B722N for both administrator and interface admin rights for Luganda Wikipedia. His consistent activities and deep technical expertise make him an invaluable asset to our community here in Uganda. [[User:Kinenkey|Kinenkey]] ([[User talk:Kinenkey|talk]]) 14:16, 3 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I support the request made by [[User:B722N/common.js|User:B722N]] for Adminship rights on Luganda Wikipedia. He's a person committed to strengthening the quality and integrity of Luganda Wikipedia once his request is granted [[User:Charles Kalanzi|Charles Kalanzi]] ([[User talk:Charles Kalanzi|talk]]) 14:23, 3 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I strongly support the requests by [[User:B722N/common.js|User:B722N]] for his contributions have always been pivotal in the smooth running of our luganda wikipedia campaigns. As an IT professional of the contributors' stature, I have no doubt that he will surely perform the interface admin roles well. Having him as an adminstrator is as well an addition to the already existing admin and I believe the work will be more simplified.[[User:Geossegawa|Geossegawa]] ([[User talk:Geossegawa|talk]]) 19:08, 3 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) ::Baluku is of great influence to our community. We need him in this position to help elevate our community further. [[User:NKINZIK MARIE|NKINZIK MARIE]] ([[User talk:NKINZIK MARIE|talk]]) 05:35, 4 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I wholeheartedly support granting B722N both Administrator and Interface Administrator rights on Luganda Wikipedia. :As the Team Lead for the Luganda Wikipedia, I have had the privilege of working closely with B722N for several years. He is one of the most technically skilled and dependable contributors in our community and has consistently been my go-to person whenever we encounter technical challenges. He has played a vital role in mentoring both me and many other community members on Wikidata, PetScan, categories, and other advanced Wikimedia tools. His willingness to share knowledge has greatly strengthened our mentorship programmes and contributed significantly to the growth of our community. :Beyond his technical expertise, B722N is an experienced and trusted Wikimedian with a strong understanding of Wikimedia policies and community practices. He has always demonstrated professionalism, patience, and a collaborative spirit. I am also looking forward to working with him more closely on templates and other technical aspects of Luganda Wikipedia, where his expertise will be invaluable. :Granting him both Administrator and Interface Administrator rights will greatly benefit the Luganda Wikipedia by strengthening technical maintenance, improving content management, and ensuring timely support for editors. I fully endorse his request and have every confidence that he will exercise both rights responsibly and in the best interests of the project. Thank you so much! [[User:Ssenkungu ivan|Ssenkungu ivan]] ([[User talk:Ssenkungu ivan|talk]]) 21:51, 3 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I strongly support the grant for adminship towards User:B722N for his contributions have always been pivotal in the smooth running of our luganda wikipedia campaigns and he has been so supportive during mentorships and trainings. [[User:Nambogo Catharine|Nambogo Catharine]] ([[User talk:Nambogo Catharine|talk]]) 05:15, 4 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I believe that when he is this position, he will be of great importance according ti what he has done sofar. [[User:NKINZIK MARIE|NKINZIK MARIE]] ([[User talk:NKINZIK MARIE|talk]]) 05:33, 4 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) == Request for Interface Administrator rights: Kinenkey == '''User:''' [[User:Kinenkey|Kinenkey]] ([[User talk:Kinenkey|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kinenkey|contribs]])<br /> '''Requested role:''' Interface Administrator === Statement === Dear Luganda Wikipedia community, I am writing to formally request '''Interface Administrator''' rights on Luganda Wikipedia. Since beginning my journey across Wikimedia projects in 2024, I have been an active contributor dedicated to strengthening our ecosystem through article creation, content improvement, systematic categorization, editor mentorship, community support, and the utilization of various Wikimedia technical tools. As Luganda Wikipedia continues to grow, maintaining a smooth, functional, and modern technical foundation is crucial. If granted Interface Administrator privileges, I intend to assist the community with the following technical maintenance tasks: * '''Site Customization & Scripts: ''' Managing and maintaining global CSS (`MediaWiki:Common.css`) and JavaScript (`MediaWiki:Common.js`) pages to improve rendering, accessibility, and user experience. * '''Lua Module Management: ''' Importing, updating, and optimizing Lua modules to ensure dynamic templates (such as Infoboxes and Navigation templates) function seamlessly and error-free. * '''Template Infrastructure:''' Importing and updating core interface templates to streamline content creation for all contributors. * '''Interface Localization & Messages: ''' Translating and maintaining MediaWiki interface pages to ensure the platform remains intuitive for Luganda speakers. * '''General Technical Maintenance: ''' Addressing technical bugs, broken styles, and maintenance backlogs as requested by the community. I am deeply committed to upholding all Wikimedia safety standards, technical security protocols, and community guidelines. I will work transparently and collaboratively with local editors and administrators to ensure all technical changes align with the project's goals. Thank you for your time and consideration. I welcome any questions, feedback, or comments from the community below. Best regards, [[User:Kinenkey|Kinenkey]] ([[User talk:Kinenkey|talk]]) [[User:Kinenkey|Kinenkey]] ([[User talk:Kinenkey|talk]]) 11:52, 5 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I second your request @[[User:Kinenkey|Kinenkey]], I believe that your technical and coding knowledge combined with the Interface admin rights will solve some of the challenges that we are facing on the Luganda Wikipedia. [[User:B722N|B722N]] ([[User talk:B722N|talk]]) 12:04, 5 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I second you Kinenkey. I believe this will take Luganda Wikipedia forward [[User:Lillylove256|Lillylove256]] ([[User talk:Lillylove256|talk]]) 12:17, 5 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :I second you [[User:ESTHER NAKITENDE|ESTHER NAKITENDE]] ([[User talk:ESTHER NAKITENDE|talk]]) 13:34, 5 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) :i do support [[User:24RAY|24RAY]] ([[User talk:24RAY|talk]]) 14:45, 5 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) == I support you == for better and qualified articles [[User:24RAY|24RAY]] ([[User talk:24RAY|talk]]) 14:03, 5 Gwamunaana(Muwakanya) 2026 (UTC) tcf8lbk1a4dssrdwvoreqpd8ku4ogvj 0 11281 66822 44095 2026-08-05T19:02:25Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66822 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ndawula''' yali [[Kabaka wa Buganda|Kabaka]], owa19 mu [[Buganda|Bwakabaka bwa Buganda]] okuva mu 1724 - 1734. Ajjukirwa nga kabaka ow’ekisa era omukkakkamu. <ref name="The Customs of the Baganda">{{Cite book |last=Kaggwa |first=Apollo |date=1934 |title=The Customs of the Baganda |url=https://archive.org/details/customsofbaganda0022sira |last2=Kalibala |first2=Ernest B. |page=[https://archive.org/details/customsofbaganda0022sira/page/31 31]}}</ref> == Okutuula ku Nnamulondo == Yali mutabani wa [[Jjuuko of Buganda|Sekabaka Juuko Mulwaana]] ow'okutaano, [[:en:Reign|eyafuga]] wakati wa 1680 ne 1690. [[:en:Mother|Nyina]] yali Nandawula Kabengano ow’ekika ky’e Nsenene, ow'okutaano ku [[:en:Wives|bakyala]] ba kitaawe omukaaga . [[:en:Enthronement|Yalinnya]] ku ntebe nga mujja we afudde. Yatandika olubiri lwe e [[Lubaga divizoni|Lubaga]] . <ref name="The Customs of the Baganda"/> == Omulembe gwe == Abamu ku baserikale abamaanyi ku mulembe gwe kwaliko; {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! width="150" |Erinnya ! width="120" | Ekika ! width="90" | Ekifo ! width="120" | Okuvvuunula |- | Nsobya | Ffumbe (Embwa ya Civet) . | Katikiro | Katikkiro |- | Mukubira | Ngeye (Enkima ya Kolobu) . | Kimbugwe | Minisita owookubiri |- | Wankalubo | Lugave (Olupangolin) . | Kasujju | Gavana wa Busujju |- | Ssendigya | Mmamba (Ebyennyanja eby’amawuggwe) . | Kangaawo | Gavana wa Bulemezi |- | Ssebina | Nkima (Enkima ya Vervet) . | Mugema | Gavana wa Busiro |- | Kajongo, Nalumenya ne Maseruka | Ntalaganya (Omuduumizi) . | Kitunzi | Gavana wa Gomba |- | Manganyi | Ndiga (Endiga) . | Katambala | Gavana wa Butambala |} == Obulamu bw’obufumbo == Kigambibwa nti yawasa abakyala musanvu (7): <ref name="The Customs of the Baganda"/> * Nabisubi muwala wa Namenyeka ow'ekika kya Mamba * Naggujja muwala wa Mukalo ow'ekika ky'e Njovu * Nakikulwe Namirembe muwala wa Kayindi * Nakidde Luyiga muwala wa Segiriinya ow'ekika ky'Abango * Nakyomubi muwala wa Gabunga, ow'ekika kya Mamba. * Nampanga muwala wa Gunju, ow’ekika kya Butiko * Nazzaluno muwala wa Walusimbi ow'ekika kya Ffumbe == Ensonga == Kigambibwa nti Kabaka Ndawula yazaala abaana kkumi (10); okuli ab’obulenzi munaana (8) n’abawala babiri (2): * [[Kagulu owa Buganda|Kabaka Kagulu Tebukywereke Ntambi]], Kabaka wa Buganda, eyafugira wakati wa 1734 ne 1744, nga nnyina yali Naggujja * Omulangira (Omulangira) Musanje Golooba, nga nnyina yali Nakidde Luyiga. ** Omulangira Musanje Golooba yawasa abakyala basatu: (a) Bawuna muwala wa Magunda ow’ekika kya Ffumbe (b) Nabulya Naluggwa muwala wa Lutalo ow’ekika ky’e Ndiga ne (c) Namirembe muwala wa Sematengo ow’ekika ky’e Ndiga. Yazaala abaana bana (4) ab’obulenzi: (a) [[Mwanga I of Buganda|Kabaka Mwanga I Sebanakitta]], Kabaka wa Buganda, eyafugira wakati wa 1740 ne 1741, nga nnyina yali Nabulya Naluggwa (b) [[Namuggala owa Buganda|Kabaka Namuggala Kagali]], Kabaka wa Buganda, eyafugira wakati wa 1741 ne 1750, nga nnyina yali Nabulya Naluggwa (c) [[Kyabaggu of Buganda|Kabaka Kyabaggu Kabinuli]], Kabaka wa Buganda, eyafugira wakati wa 1750 ne 1780, nga nnyina yali Nabulya Naluggwa ne (d) Omulangira (Omulangira) Kayondo, nga nnyina yali Namirembe. Omulangira Musanje Golooba yattiddwa ku biragiro bya muganda we [[Kagulu owa Buganda|Kabaka Kagulu Tebukywereke]] ku musango gw’okutta Omulangira (Omulangira) Luyenje. * [[Mawanda of Buganda|Kabaka Mawanda Sebanakitta]], Kabaka wa Buganda, eyafuga wakati wa 1738 ne 1740, nga nnyina ye Nakidde Luyiga * [[Kikulwe owa Buganda|Kabaka Kikulwe Mawuba]], Kabaka wa Buganda, eyafugira wakati wa 1736 ne 1738, nga nnyina yali Nakikulwe * Omulangira (Omulangira) Segaamwenge * Omulangira (Omulangira) Luyenje. Yattiddwa muganda we Omulangira Musanje. * Omulangira (Omulangira) Ndege, nga nnyina yali Nakidde Luyiga * Omulangira (Omulangira) Bezzaluno, nga nnyina yali Nazzaluno * Omumbejja (Omumbejja) Ndege, Nassolo. * Omumbejja (Omumbejja) Kyomubi, nga nnyina yali Nakyomubi == Emyaka egyasembayo == Kabaka Ndawula yafa bukadde nga mu mwaka gwa 1734, mu Lubiri lwa Kasajjakaliwano, e [[Lubaga divizoni|Lubaga]] . Yaterekebwa e Musaba mu Busiro. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Kabaka Ndawula Is Buried At Musaba, Busiro |url=http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615070042/http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm |archive-date=15 June 2013 |access-date=5 October 2014 |publisher=Buganda.com}}</ref> Omulangira omukulu ow’olunyiriri lwe yetikka ekitiibwa kya Ssezaalunnyo Walugembe, ng’entebe ye eri Mawule e Kyaddondo. == Ebiwandiiko == ''"Ndawula yennyini yali musajja wa mirembe; yafugira ebbanga ddene era ng'alina amaka amanene ennyo. Obutabanguko bwa batabani ba Ndawula abangi bwamenya embeera ey'obutebenkevu gye yali ataddewo mu ggwanga."'' * MM Semakula Kiwanuka, ''Ebyafaayo bya Buganda'', 1971 ''"Ndawula yali kabaka mulungi nnyo, ow'empisa ennungi era ow'emirembe. Bulijjo yali ku nkolagana ennungi n'abaami be."'' * Apollo Kaggwa == Ennambika y'obusika == {{s-start}} {{succession box|title=[[King of Buganda]]|before=[[Tebandeke of Buganda|Tebandeke]]|after=[[Kagulu of Buganda|Kagulu]]|years=c.1724-c.1734}} {{s-end}} == Laba ne == * [[Kabaka wa Buganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130615070042/http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm Olukalala lwa Bassekabaka ba Buganda] Archived nbxvxjgwx81rym4ea9bs2nivay9af0q 0 11282 66807 44079 2026-08-05T18:49:36Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66807 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kagulu Ntambi Tebukywereke''' yali [[Kabaka wa Buganda|Kabaka]] w’Obwakabaka [[Buganda|bwa Buganda]], wakati wa 1734 - 1736. Yali Kabaka wa Buganda 20. == Okutuula ku Nnamulondo == Yali [[:en:Son|mutabani]] omukulu owa [[Ndawula owa Buganda|Kabaka Ndawula Nsobya]], Kabaka wa Buganda wakati wa 1724 - 1734. Maama we yali Naggujja ow’ekika ky’e Njovu, ow'okubiri ku [[:en:Wives|bakyala]] ba kitaawe omusanvu (7) . [[:en:Enthronement|Yatuuzibwa]] ku ntebe nga kitaawe afudde. Yatandikawo olubiri mu kibuga ekye Bulizo. <ref name="The Customs of the Baganda">{{Cite book |last=Kaggwa |first=Apollo |date=1934 |title=The Customs of the Baganda |url=https://archive.org/details/customsofbaganda0022sira |last2=Kalibala |first2=Ernest B. |page=[https://archive.org/details/customsofbaganda0022sira/page/31 31]}}</ref> Ajjukirwa ng’omufuzi omukambwe enyo eri abantu.<ref name="The Customs of the Baganda" /> == Obulamu bw’obufumbo == Yawasa omukyala omu, eyamuzaalira abaana babiri ab’obulenzi. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">okujuliza kwetaagisa</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Ensonga == * Omulangira (Omulangira) Kayima Ssekindi * Omulangira (Omulangira) Sematimba. Omulangira Sematimba yalina omwana omulenzi; Omulangira (Omulangira) Kayemba Sekitamu. Omulangira Sekitamu naye yazaala abaana babiri ab’obulenzi: (a) Omulangira (Omulangira) Lubugu ne (b) Omulangira (Omulangira) Sekitamu. Yalina omwana omulenzi: (A) Omulangira (Omulangira) Erinnya Terimanyiddwa. Omulangira atamanyiddwa naye yalina omwana omulenzi: Omulangira (Omulangira) Kakindu. Omulangira Kakindu yafa nga 1939 tannatuuka, ng’alina omwana ow’obulenzi; Omulangira (Omulangira) Isaaka Yali-Aseka. == Emyaka egyasembayo == Kabaka Kagulu Tebukywereke yagobwa mu ntebe y'obwa Kabaka [[:en:Sister|mwannyina]], Omumbejja Ndege, Nassolo. Yaddukira e Buto. Ono yafa na kugwa mu mazzi ag'e [[Nnalubaale|nnyanja Nalubaale]], ku biragiro bya Nassolo. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Omulambo gwe gwaggyibwayo ne guterekebwa e Bbuga, Busiro. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Kabaka Kagulu Tebukywereke Is Buried At Bbuga, Busiro |url=http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615070042/http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm |archive-date=15 June 2013 |access-date=5 October 2014 |publisher=Buganda.com}}</ref> == Ebiwandiiko == ''"... engeri gye yasingamu yali butassa kitiibwa mu basajja. Enfuga ye ey'ekimpatiira n'engeri gye yayisaamu abasajja abaali bakolera mu kibuga ekikulu mu ngeri ey'obukambwe byaleetawo obutabanguko n'obutali bumativu kubanga byakosa ekitundu ekinene ennyo eky'abantu."'' * MM Semakula Kiwanuka, ''Ebyafaayo bya Buganda'', 1971 == Ennambika y'obusika == {{s-start}} {{succession box|title=[[King of Buganda]]|before=[[Ndawula of Buganda|Ndawula Nsobya]]|after=[[Kikulwe of Buganda|Kikulwe Mawuba]]|years=c.1734-c.1736}} {{s-end}} == Laba ne == * [[Kabaka wa Buganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130615070042/http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm Olukalala lwa Bassekabaka ba Buganda] Archived 038v1xku6v233xxjy7pxbcpuz0h8kpc 0 11283 66829 44084 2026-08-05T19:08:30Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66829 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kikulwe Mawuba''' yali [[Kabaka wa Buganda|Kabaka]] w’Obwakabaka [[Buganda|bwa Buganda]] wakati wa 1736 -1738. Yali Kabaka wa Buganda owa 21. == Okwewozaako ku ntebe y’obwakabaka == Yali mutabani wa [[Ndawula owa Buganda|Kabaka Ndawula Nsobya]] ow'okuna, Kabaka wa Buganda 19. Maama we yali Nakikulwe Namirembe, ow'okusatu ku [[:en:Wives|bakyala ba]] kitaawe omusanvu (7) . Yatuula ku Nnamulondo oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa mukulu we, [[Kagulu owa Buganda|Kabaka Kagulu Tebukywereke]]. Yatandikawo olubiri lwe mu kibuga ekye Kibibi.<ref name="The Customs of the Baganda">{{Cite book |last=Kaggwa |first=Apollo |date=1934 |title=The Customs of the Baganda |url=https://archive.org/details/customsofbaganda0022sira |last2=Kalibala |first2=Ernest B. |page=33}}</ref> Ajjukirwa ng’omufuzi omubi. <ref name="The Customs of the Baganda" /> == Obulamu bw'obufumbo == Kigambibwa nti yawasa abakyala bataano (5): <ref name="The Customs of the Baganda"/> * Nabiddo muwala wa Luba ow'ekika ky'e Nyonyi * Najjuka, muwala wa Gunju, ow’ekika kya Butiko * Nakabugo muwala wa Mugema ow'ekika kya Nkima * Namatovu muwala wa Kajubi, ow’ekika ky’e Nsenene * Naabakyaala Nantume Nanzigu muwala wa Sekayiba ow'ekika ky'e Mbogo == Ensonga == Awandiikiddwa nti yazaala abaana abatakka wansi wa mwenda: * Omulangira (Omulangira) Madangu, nga nnyina yali Nakabugo * Omumbejja (Omumbejja) Mpalikitenda, nga nnyina yali Nabiddo * Omulangira (Omulangira) Maganda, nga nnyina yali Nakabugo * Omulangira (Omulangira) Ggobango, nga nnyina yali Nakabugo * Omulangira (Omulangira) Segaamweenge, nga nnyina yali Nakabugo * Omumbejja (Omumbejja) Zansanze, nga nnyina yali Nakabugo * Omumbejja (Omumbejja) Nabalaga, nga nnyina yali Nakabugo * Omulangira (Omulangira) Ngobe, nga nnyina yali Namatovu * Omulangira (Omulangira) Gomottoka, nga nnyina yali Namatovu - Yazaala abaana ab’obulenzi 1. Omulangira (Omulangira) Mpadwa kussambiza 2. Omulangira (Omulangira) Kolobola 3. Omulangira (Omulangira) Genza 4. Omulangira (Omulangira) Kisala Gogolooba 5. Omulangira (Omulangira) Luwarira 6. Omulangira (Omulangira) Kimu Abaana abalala baatundibwa mu obuddu nga bakabaka abafuga okubalemesa okwewozaako nti basuuliddwa. == Emyaka egyasembayo == Kabaka Kikulwe yatemulwa mukulu we, [[Mawanda of Buganda|Omulangira Mawanda Sebanakitta]], eyawamba entebe nga mu mwaka gwa 1738. Ssekabaka Kikulwe yaterekebwa e Kaliiti, Busiro. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ssekabaka Kikulwe Is Buried At Kaliiti, Busiro |url=http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615070042/http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm |archive-date=15 June 2013 |access-date=5 October 2014 |publisher=Buganda.com}}</ref> == Ennambika y'obusika == == See also == * [[Kabaka wa Buganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130615070042/http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm Olukalala lwa Bassekabaka ba Buganda] Archived s24zfq5xh2o5tlwvtkdr27cung69hy1 0 11289 66847 66095 2026-08-05T19:27:02Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66847 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Chwa I Nabakka''' (era liwandiikibwa nga Ccwa) yali [[Kabaka wa Buganda|Kabaka]] wa [[Buganda]] . Yafuga wakati w’ekyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena. Ye yali Kabaka wa Buganda ow'okubiri. == Okulinnya ku Nnamulondo == Yali mutabani wa [[Kintu|kabaka Kato Kintu]], Kabaka wa Buganda eyasooka, eyafuga ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena. Namasole we yali Nambi Nantuttululu, ow’ ekika ky'Engeye. Yalinnya ku Nnamulondo oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa kitaawe. Ekibuga kye yakikuba ku kasozi Bigo . == Obulamu bw’obufumbo. == Yawasa abakyala babiri: * Nnaabakyala Nakku, Kaddulubaale, muwala wa Walusimbi ow' effumbe. Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Kabaka Chwa I, yafumbirwa Ssebwana eyali akuuma Nnamulondo. * Nakiwala muwala wa Ssemwanga ow'e ngonge. == Ensonga == * Omulangira Kalemeera, nga nnyina yali Nakiwala. Kalemeera yagobwa mu [[Buganda]] n’awalirizibwa okunoonya obubudamo mu Bunyoro, ku biragiro bya kitaawe. Mu Bunyoro, Kalemeera yasuzibwa mu kkooti ya kojja we, Omukama Winyi I ow’e Bunyoro . Eyo, yayenda ku mukyala Wannyana muwala wa Mugalula Buyonga, Omuhima, Omukyala omukulu owa kojja we. Omukwano guno gwavaamu omwana ow’obulenzi; omu, Omulangira Kimera Walusimbi . == Emyaka egyasembayo == Kabaka [[Kintu]] <ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/uganda-50/dindo-hill-home-of-buganda-s-first-man-1514508</ref>yava ku namulondo nga yeesiimidde n’asenga e Magonga. Kigambibwa nti yabula. N’okutuusa leero, ebifo we yafiira era ne we yaziikibwa tebimanyiddwa. Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe, waddawo ekiseera nga Nnamulondo njerere wansi wa katikkiro Walusimbi n’omusika we, Ssebwaana. Embeera eno yali bweti okutuuka mu 1374. == Emmeeza y’obusika. == {| class="wikitable" | valign="top" |Yasikira Kato Kintu | valign="top" |Kabaka wa Buganda wakati w'ekyasa ky'ekumi n'ennya | valign="top" |Yasikirwa '''Kimera Walusimbi''' |} == Laba ne == * [[Kabaka wa Buganda]] * [[Winyi ow'e Kibulala]] == Ebijuliziddwa == # {{citation|title=shaping the Society Christianity and Culiture: Special Reference to the African Culture of Buganda|publisher=Author House|year=2012|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1468579959|pages=94}} # {{cite book|last1=Kaggwa|first1=Apollo|last2=Kalibala|first2=Ernest B.|title=The Customs of the Baganda|url=https://archive.org/details/customsofbaganda0022sira|date=1934|page=19}} # https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/uganda-50/dindo-hill-home-of-buganda-s-first-man-1514508 == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia. == * {{DEFAULTSORT:Chwa I Of Buganda}} <references /> ecm7rsiy8c0i3mhpnt5a3q3g5rm0mef 0 11303 66803 65974 2026-08-05T18:47:12Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66803 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox monarch||image=|name=Ssekabaka Kimera|succession=[[Kabaka of Buganda]]|reign=1374 – 1404|coronation=|predecessor=[[Chwa I of Buganda]]|successor=[[Ttembo of Buganda]]|spouse=1. Lady Nabukalu<br/>2. Lady Nakku<br/>3. Lady Namagembe|royal house=|father=Prince Kalemera of Buganda|mother=Namasole Wannyana|birth_date=circa 1360|birth_place=[[Bunyoro|Bunyoro Kingdom Royal Court]], [[Uganda]]|death_date=1404|death_place=|place of burial=Bumera, Busiro}} '''Kimera''' yali [[Kabaka wa Buganda|Kabaka]] w'obwakabaka [[Buganda|bwa Buganda]] wakati wa 1374 ne 1404. Yeeyali kabaka wa [[Buganda]] owookusatu . <ref>{{Cite journal|issue=129–139}}</ref> == Okulinnya ku namulondo == Kimera yeeyali omutabani yekka ow’omulangira Kalemeera, mutabani wa [[Chwa I owa Buganda|Kabaka Chwa I Nabakka]] .Kirambikiddwa ebitabo n’abawandiisi ab’enjawulo nga balaga Kimera ng'omutabani yekka ow’omulangira Kalemera. Kino ssi kituufu. Kimera yali mulongo era omulongo we yali Kato Kibi Kaganda, naye yennyini eyafuuka kabaka. Yawamba obwakabaka bwe mu Kiziba, nga mu kiseera kino ye Tanzania. Baali tebasobola kufuga Buganda bombi wamu, bwatyo n’agenda e Sesse, n’akomawo mu Buganda era n’agenda e bukiika ddyo. Nnyaabwe yali omuzaana Wannyana, agambibwa okuba nga yeeyali omukyala omutongole owa [[Omukama Winyi l ow'e Bunyoro|Kabaka Winyi I ow’e Bunyoro]] . == Okugatta ku buwangwa bwa Buganda == Kimera yessa mu lugendo okujja e Buganda ng’awerekerwako nnyina era n’abomumaka ga Katumba (ow'ekika ky'e Nkima), kitaawe eyamwola. Olwatuuka e Buganda, Katumba yalondebwa ku bwa ''Mugema'', omukulembeze ow'ensikirano ow’ekika ky'e Nkima .Mugema akola omulimu munene mu buwangwa bwa Buganda, nga okutikkira kabaka omuggya okutuusa ku mulembe gwa [[Mutebi I]]. Okuva e Bunyoro, yajja n’engoma y’obwakabaka Kibonabona, ekubwa kabaka omuggya ku matikkira. Ku mukolo guno, kabaka aweebwa akakomo ak'embira, era wabaawo okumulangirirako nti "Ggwe Kimera." Maama wa Kimera yalondawo obutabeera na mutabani we mu kibuga , era nebamuzimbira amaka agayitibwa ol''usaka'', eryafuuka erinnya ettongole ery’amaka ga Namasole. Abamu ku bakungu ab'amanyi ku mulembe gwe mwalimu ; {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! width="150" |Erinnya ! width="120" | Ekika ! width="90" | Ekifo ! width="120" | Okuvvuunula |- | Walusimbi | Ffumbe (Embwa ya Civet) . | Katikiro | Katikkiro |- | Bakitenda | Ffumbe (Embwa ya Civet) . | Katikiro | Katikkiro |- | Ssebatta | Ngeye (Enkima ya Kolobu) . | Kaggo | Gavana wa Kyaddondo |- | Katumba | Nkima (Enkima ya Vervet) . | Mugema | Gavana wa Busiro |- | Balitema Kajubi | Nsenene (Enzige) . | Kasujju | Gavana wa Busujju |- | Nnabugwamu-Kakebe | Mmamba (Ebyennyanja eby’amawuggwe) . | Kangaawo | Gavana wa Bulemezi |- | Gaajuule | Mbogo (Enyanja) . | Mukwenda | Gavana wa Ssingo |} == Emyaka egyasembayo == Kabaka Kimera yattibwa mu butanwa mu kuyigga mu mwaka gwa 1404. Yakubwa muzukkulu we [[Ttembo owa Buganda|Kabaka Ttembo Kiridde]], eyamusikira omuggo ku mutwe. Ebyafaayo ebimu binyumya ku mbeera eyo ng’ekikolwa ekyakolebwa mu bugenderevu, naye ebisinga okumatiza bigamba nti kyali mu butanwa. Mu kusooka yaziikibwa mu kifo we yafiira. Mu mwaka gwa 1869, ebisigalira bye byaziikulwa ne biddamu okuziikibwa e Lunnyo, okumpi n’ekibuga ky'[[Entebbe]], okumpi [[n'amaka amatongole ag'omukulembeze w'eggwanga lya Uganda]] wegasangibwa leero. Ebyafaayo ebirala ebyesigika biwa Bumera, Busiro nga ekifo we yaziikibwa. == Ebimwogerwako == ''"Kimera, Kabaka owookusatu, ye yali omutandisi omutuufu ow'olulyo lwaffe."'' * [[Ssekabaka Mutesa II|Sir Edward Muteesa II]], ''Okutyoboola Obwakabaka bwange'', 1967 ''"Amakulu amatuufu ag'okusenguka kwa Kimera kwe kuba nti kwaleeta olulyo olupya."'' * MM Semakula Kiwanuka, ''Ebyafaayo bya Buganda'', 1971 == Emmeeza y’obusika == {{s-start}} {{succession box|title=[[King of Buganda]]|before=[[Chwa I of Buganda|Chwa I]]|after=[[Ttembo of Buganda|Ttembo]]|years=c.1374-c.1404}} {{s-end}}Yasikira Kabaka wa Buganda Ye nasikirwa Chwa I c. 1374-c .1404 Ttembo == Laba ne == * [[Kabaka wa Buganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == # {{Cite web|title=Ba Kabaka ba Buganda|url=http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm|access-date=2023-01-26|website=www.buganda.com|archive-date=2013-06-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615070042/http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm|url-status=dead}} # {{Cite web|title=Buganda Kingdom::|url=https://www.buganda.or.ug/kings|access-date=2023-01-26|website=www.buganda.or.ug|archive-date=2023-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126080115/https://www.buganda.or.ug/kings|url-status=dead}} # {{Cite journal|last=Wrigley|first=C. C.|date=1974|title=The Kinglists of Buganda*|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/history-in-africa/article/abs/kinglists-of-buganda/C5DB8686178333061DEBB63261662029|journal=History in Africa|language=en|publisher=Cambridge University Press|volume=1|pages=129–139|doi=10.2307/3171765|jstor=3171765|s2cid=153810771|issn=0361-5413|url-access=subscription}} # {{Cite web|title=List of Buganda Kings|url=https://bugandahistory.com/a-precise-history-of-buganda-kings/|access-date=2023-01-26|website=Buganda History & Culture|archive-date=2023-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126100838/https://bugandahistory.com/a-precise-history-of-buganda-kings/|url-status=dead}} # {{Cite web|title=Men and women are equal, but not uniform|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1495651|access-date=2023-01-26|website=New Vision|language=en}} # {{cite web|url=http://www.buganda.com/kintu.htm|title=The Early History of Kabaka Kimera|accessdate=4 October 2014|date=|publisher=Buganda.com|archive-date=11 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111190315/http://www.buganda.com/kintu.htm|url-status=dead}} # J. Roscoe, The Baganda, 1911, pp.215. # Kabaka Sir Edward Mutesa, ''Desecration of My Kingdom'', 1967, pp.82. # Kaggwa, Sir Apollo K, ''Basekabaka be’Buganda'' [translated by MM Semakula Kiwanuka]. Nairobi: East African Publishing House, 1971. # {{cite book|last1=Kaggwa|first1=Apollo|last2=Kalibala|first2=Ernest B.|title=The Customs of the Baganda|url=https://archive.org/details/customsofbaganda0022sira|date=1934|page=[https://archive.org/details/customsofbaganda0022sira/page/20 20]}} # {{cite web|url=http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm|title=Ssekabaka Kimera Is Buried At Bumera, Busiro|accessdate=4 October 2014|publisher=Buganda.com|archive-date=15 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615070042/http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm|url-status=dead}} # Kabaka Edward Mutesa II, ibid. # Kiwanuka, MM Semakula, ''A History of Buganda: From the foundation of the Kingdom to 1900''. London: Longman, 1971. == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130615070042/http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm Olukalala lwa Bassekabaka ba Buganda] Archived {{Kabaka of Buganda}} Kabaka wa Buganda ile2u4z8cyueruov1obigk00gimpc31 0 11311 66806 44086 2026-08-05T18:48:55Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66806 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ntege Kiyimba''' yali Sekabaka w'Obwakabaka [[Buganda|bwa Buganda]] . Yafuga okuva mu 1464 okutuuka mu 1484. Ye Sekabaka wa Buganda ow’omukaaga. == Okutuuzibwa ku Nnamulondo == Yali mutabani wa Kabaka [[Kiggala owa Buganda|Kiggala Mukaabya]] ow'omukaaga . <ref name="The Customs of the Baganda">{{Cite book |last=Kaggwa |first=Apollo |date=1934 |title=The Customs of the Baganda |url=https://archive.org/details/customsofbaganda0022sira |last2=Kalibala |first2=Ernest B. |page=[https://archive.org/details/customsofbaganda0022sira/page/21 21]}}</ref> Nnyina yali Nabukalu, eyeddira Olugave, yeyali mukyala wa Kabaka Kiggala Mukaabya eyasooka. [[:en:Enthronement|Yalya obwakabaka]]<nowiki/>mu 1464, nga kitaawe avudde ku Nnamulondo. Obufuzi bwe tebwasiimibwa nnyo olw’obukambwe bwe. <ref name="The Customs of the Baganda" /> Yafa nga kitaawe tannafa era ekyavaamu kitaawe n’asikirwa. == Obulamu bw’obufumbo == Yalina abakyala babiri naye nga talina baana ku mukyala yenna: <ref name="The Customs of the Baganda"/> * Bamuggya muwala wa Kisuule ow’ekika ky’e Njaza * Gwojjanjaba, muwala wa Gunju, ow’ekika kya Butiko. == Okufa == Yafiira Mpummudde era yasooka kuterekebwa Lukwanga mu Busiro. Yasikirwa kitaawe ku ntebe, mu 1484. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Yaterekebwa e [[Sentema]], Busiro, kati mu [[Wakiso (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Wakiso]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ssekabaka Kiyimba Is Buried At Sentema |url=http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615070042/http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm |archive-date=15 June 2013 |access-date=4 October 2014 |publisher=Buganda.com}}</ref> == Engeri gyebasikizibwa == {{s-start}} {{succession box|title=[[King of Buganda]]|before=[[Kiggala of Buganda|Kiggala Mukaabya]]|after=[[Kiggala of Buganda|Kiggala Mukaabya]]|years=c.1464-c.1484}} {{s-end}} == Laba ne == * [[Kabaka wa Buganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130615070042/http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm Olukalala lwa Bassekabaka ba Buganda] Archived 206h9yv1u2oc2lnlgzpv8z49l68uuli 0 11312 66830 38768 2026-08-05T19:09:08Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66830 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox royalty||image=|name=Ssekabaka Kiggala Mukaabya Kasungubu|succession=[[Kabaka of Buganda]]|reign=1434–1464|coronation=|predecessor=[[Ttembo of Buganda]]|successor=[[Kiyimba of Buganda]]|reign1=1484–1494|predecessor1=[[Kiyimba of Buganda]]|successor1=[[Kayima of Buganda]]|spouse=1. Lady Nabukalu<br/>2. Lady Nakawuka<br/>3. Lady Nakimera<br/>4. Lady Nakku<br/>5. Lady Nakyobula<br/>6. Lady Nawampamba|royal house=|father=[[Ttembo of Buganda]]|mother=Namasole Najjemba|birth_date=|birth_place=[[Buganda]]|death_date=1494|death_place=|place of burial=Ddambwe, Busiro}}'''Kiggala Sewannaku Mukaabya Kasungubu''' (yafa 1494) yali [[:en:Kabaka_of_Buganda|Kabaka]] w'[[:en:Buganda|Obwakabaka bwa Buganda]] . Yalamula okuva mu 1434 okutuuka mu 1464 n'okuva mu 1484 okutuuka mu 1494. Yali Kabaka wa [[:en:Buganda|Buganda]] ow'okutaano . == Okutuuzibwa ku ntebe y’obwakabaka == Ye yali mutabani wa [[:en:Ttembo_of_Buganda|Kabaka Ttembo]] omukulu ne mukyala we Najjemba. [[:en:Enthronement|Yatuula]] ku ntebe nga kitaawe agye omukono mu ngabo mu mwaka gwa 1434. Yatandikawo [[:en:Capital_(political)|ekibuga ekikulu]] kye ku lusozi Kitala. Mu 1464, [[:en:Abdicated|yalekulira]] okuva mu ntebe n’agilekera mutabani we, [[:en:Kiyimba_of_Buganda|Ntege Kiyimba]] . Kiggala yadda ku ntebe oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa mutabani we mu mwaka gwa 1484. Yaziba amaaso nga wayiseewo akaseera katono ng'[[:en:Reign|obukulembeze]] bwe obw’okubiri bwakatandika . Yafuga wansi w'[[:en:Regent|obukulembeze]] bw'aba [[:en:Prime_minister|ssaabaminisita]] . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">okujuliza kwetaagisa</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Obulamu bwe obw’obufumbo == Yawasa abakyala mukaaga nga bwe kirambikiddwa wansi:<ref name="The Customs of the Baganda">{{cite book |last1=Kaggwa |first1=Apollo |last2=Kalibala |first2=Ernest B. |title=The Customs of the Baganda |url=https://archive.org/details/customsofbaganda0022sira |date=1934 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/customsofbaganda0022sira/page/20 20]–21}}</ref> # Nabukalu Nabuto muwala wa Natiigo, ow’ekika ky’e Lugave # Nakawuka muwala wa Senfuma ow'ekika kya Mamba # Nakimera muwala wa Masembe ow’ekika ky’e Nsenene # Nakku muwala wa Walusimbi, ow'ekika kya Ffumbe # Nakyobula muwala wa Mbajja ow’ekika kya Mamba # Nawampamba muwala wa Ggunju, ow’ekika kya Butiko == Ensonga endala ==   Kabaka Kiggala yazaala abaana mwenda ab’obulenzi: * Omulangira Wasswa, nga nnyina yali Omumbejja Nazibanja * Omulangira Mawempe, nga nnyina yali Omumbejja Nazibanja * Omulangira Semugalwa, nga nnyina yali Mumbejja Nazibanja * Omulangira Bubula, nga nnyina yali Omumbejja Nazibanja * Omulangira Kaggya, nga nnyina yali Omumbejja Nazibanja * [[:en:Kiyimba_of_Buganda|Kabaka Kiyimba Ntege]], Kabaka wa Buganda, nga nnyina yali Nabukalu * Omulangira Gogombe, nga nnyina yali Nakyobula * Omulangira Kaasameeme, nga nnyina yali Nakawuka * Omulangira Wampamba, nga nnyina yali Nawampamba. Yaggyibwa ku by'obusika lwa mawano geyakola bweyayagalana ne ssenga we. Omulangira Wampamba yawasa abakyala babiri (a) Lady Nakayima muwala wa kojja we Gunju, ow’ekika ky’e Butiko ne (b) Lady Naabagereka, ssenga era omusawo eri mukyala we eyasooka, mwannyina wa Gunju, ow’ekika ky’e Butiko. Yazaala abaana babiri ab’obulenzi: ** [[:en:Kayima_of_Buganda|Kabaka Kayima Sendikaddiwa]], Kabaka wa Buganda ow’omusanvu, nga nnyina yali Nakayima ne... ** Omulangira Kyabayinze, nga nnyina yali Naabagereka. Omulangira Kyabayinze yazaala omwana omu ow’obulenzi: *** Omulangira Juma eyavuganya ku lw'obusika ne kizibwe we, [[:en:Nakibinge_of_Buganda|Kabaka Nakibinge]] n'atafuna buwanguzi . == Emyaka gye egy'asembayo == Kabaka Kiggala Mukaabya Sewannaku Kasungubu yaseerera mu 1494 ku myaka emikulu ddala era y'asikizibwa muzzukulu we [[:en:Kayima_of_Buganda|Kayima Sendikaddiwa]] ku ntebe . Enjole ye y'aterekebwa mu kibuga ekikulu Manjja era akawanga ke ne bakaziika e Ddambwe mu Busiro. == Emmeeza eraga okusikira Nnamulondo == {{s-start}} {{succession box||title=[[King of Buganda]]|before=[[Ttembo of Buganda|Ttembo Kiridde]]|after=[[Kiyimba of Buganda|Ntege Kiyimba]]|years=c.1434–c.1464}} {{s-end}}{{s-start}} {{succession box||title=[[King of Buganda]]|before=[[Kiyimba of Buganda|Ntege Kiyimba]]|after=[[Kayima of Buganda|Kayima Ssendikaddiwa]]|years=c.1484–c.1494}} {{s-end}} == Laba ne == * [[:en:Kabaka_of_Buganda|Kabaka wa Buganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa w'abweru wa Wikipedia == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130615070042/http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm Olukalala lwa Bassekabaka ba Buganda] Archived {{DEFAULTSORT:Kiggala Of Buganda}} qb246zat46s55uavuh6flhphhtrj5pl 0 11314 66851 44082 2026-08-05T19:29:48Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66851 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kayima Sendikaddiwa''' ye Sekabaka ow’omusanvu [[Buganda|mu bwakabaka bwa Buganda]], wakati wa 1494 ne 1524. == Okutuuzibwa ku Nnamulondo == Ye mutabani w’Omulangira Wampamba, mukyala we eyasooka, Nakayima. [[:en:Enthronement|Yatuuzibwa ku]] [[:en:Throne|Nnamulondo]] nga jjajjaawe, [[Kiggala of Buganda|Kiggala Mukaabya]] afudde mu 1494. Yatandikawo olubiri lwe ku lusozi Nazzigo. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">okujuliza kwetaagisa</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Obulamu bw’obufumbo == Yalina abakyala babiri:<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kaggwa |first=Apollo |date=1934 |title=The Customs of the Baganda |url=https://archive.org/details/customsofbaganda0022sira |last2=Kalibala |first2=Ernest B. |page=22}}</ref> * Nababinge muwala wa Wampona ow'ekika kya Mamba * Naddogo muwala wa Kasujja ow'ekika ky'e Ngeye == Ensonga == Yazaala abaana babiri ab’obulenzi: * [[Nakibinge owa Buganda|Kabaka Nakibinge Kagali]], eyazaalibwa Nababinge * Omulangira (Omulangira) Kabasanda, nga nnyina yali Naddogo == Emyaka egyasembayo == Yattibwa mu lutalo n’Omulangira Bwakamba ow’e Nyendo, e Sunga, mu 1524. Yaterekebwa e Nabulagala mu Busiro.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ssekabaka Kayima Is Buried At Nabulagala, Busiro |url=http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615070042/http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm |archive-date=15 June 2013 |access-date=4 October 2014 |publisher=Buganda.com}}</ref> == Ennambika y'obusika == {{s-start}} {{succession box|title=[[King of Buganda]]|before=[[Kiggala of Buganda|Kiggala Mukaabya]]|after=[[Nakibinge of Buganda|Nakibinge Kagali]]|years=c.1494–c.1524}} {{s-end}} == Laba ne == * [[Kabaka wa Buganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130615070042/http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm Olukalala lwa Bassekabaka ba Buganda] Archived 7l2q4o6khgfb61q6iq6blcuewzfff6w 0 11322 66802 44055 2026-08-05T18:46:16Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66802 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Suuna I Kisolo''', era nga liwandiikibwa nga '''Ssuuna I Kisolo''', yali Sekabaka ow'omulundi ogwa 11 mu [[Buganda|Bwakabaka bwa Buganda]], yafuga wakati wa 1584 - 1614 mweyafiira. Obufuzi bwe bujjukirwa nga bwa kisa era omukkakkamu.<ref name="The Customs of the Baganda">{{Cite book |last=Kaggwa |first=Apollo |date=1934 |title=The Customs of the Baganda |url=https://archive.org/details/customsofbaganda0022sira |last2=Kalibala |first2=Ernest B. |page=[https://archive.org/details/customsofbaganda0022sira/page/25 25]}}</ref> == Okulya obwa Kabaka == Yali mutabani wa [[Nakibinge of Buganda|Kabaka Nakibinge Kagali]], sekabaka wa Buganda wakati wa 1524 - 1554. Maama we yali Nassuuna, [[:en:Wife|mukyala]] wa kitaawe ow'okutaano . [[:en:Throne|Yalya Obwakabaka]] oluvannyuma [[:en:Death|lw’okufa]] kwa mukulu we, [[Jemba of Buganda|Kabaka Jemba]], mu 1584. Yatandikawo [[:en:Capital_(political)|olubiri]] olwe Jimbo ku lusozi. == Obulamu bw’obufumbo == Yawasa abakyala babiri: <ref name="The Customs of the Baganda"/> * Nakigo muwala wa Walusimbi, ow'ekika kya Ffumbe * Naluggwa muwala wa Lwoomwa ow'ekika ky'e Ndiga Era yawasaayo abakyala abalala babiri ab'okwekumisa. == Ensonga == Yazaala abaana bana ab’obulenzi: <ref name="The Customs of the Baganda"/> * Omulangira (Omulangira) Sewatti, nga nnyina yali Nakigo * Omulangira (Omulangira) Gogombe * Omulangira (Omulangira) Kawaali * [[Kimbugwe owa Buganda|Kabaka Kimbugwe]], Kabaka wa Buganda, nga nnyina yali Naluggwa. == Emyaka egyasembayo == Yakisa omukono mu myaka egy'omu makkati, mu kibuga kye ekikulu e Jimbo, Busiro mu 1614. [[:en:Burial|Yaterekebwa]] e Gombe ate akawanga ke ne katerekebwa e Jimbo.<ref name="The Customs of the Baganda"/> == Laba ne == * [[Ssuuna II of Buganda|Suna II eya Buganda]] * [[Kabaka wa Buganda]] == Ennambika y'obusika == {{s-start}} {{succession box|title=[[King of Buganda]]|before=[[Jemba of Buganda|Jemba Busungwe]]|after=[[Sekamaanya of Buganda|Sekamaanya Kisolo]]|years=c. 1584 – c. 1614}} {{s-end}} == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130615070042/http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm Olukalala lwa Bassekabaka ba Buganda] 9vlquqzq5d3o8zk7sgjy78ot4yyf117 0 11329 66839 44093 2026-08-05T19:15:58Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66839 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mutebi I''' yali [[Kabaka wa Buganda|Kabaka]] owa 15 mu [[Buganda|Bwakabaka bwa Buganda]] wakati wa 1674 - 1680. == Okutuula ku Nnamulondo == Yali mutabani wa [[Kateregga of Buganda|Sekabaka Kateregga Kamegere]], eyali Kabaka wa Buganda, [[:en:Reign|eyafuga]] wakati wa 1644 - 1674. Maama we yali Namutebi ow’ekika kya Mmamba, [[:en:Wife|muka]] kitaawe ow’omunaana (omunaana). [[:en:Enthronement|Yatuuzibwa ku Nnamulondo]] oluvannyuma lwa kitaawe okufa mu 1674. Yatandikawo olubiri e Muguluka.<ref name="The Customs of the Baganda">{{Cite book |last=Kaggwa |first=Apollo |date=1934 |title=The Customs of the Baganda |url=https://archive.org/details/customsofbaganda0022sira |last2=Kalibala |first2=Ernest B. |page=[https://archive.org/details/customsofbaganda0022sira/page/28 28]}}</ref> Ajjukirwa ng’omufuzi omubi eri abantu.<ref name="The Customs of the Baganda" /> == Obulamu bw'obufumbo == Yawasa abakyala bataano (5): <ref name="The Customs of the Baganda"/> * Nabitalo muwala wa Walusimbi ow'ekika kya Ffumbe * Nabukalu muwala wa Ndugwa ow'ekika ky'e Lugave * Naluyima muwala wa Nakatanza, ow’ekika ky’e Lugave * Namawuba muwala wa Natiigo, ow’ekika ky’e Lugave * Nampiima muwala wa Kibale, ow’ekika ky’e Mpewo. == Ensonga == Yazaala abaana musanvu (7) ab’obulenzi: * Omulangira (Omulangira) Lukenge, nga nnyina yali Nabitalo * [[Tebandeke of Buganda|Kabaka Tebandeke Mujambula]], Kabaka wa Buganda, eyafugira wakati wa 1704 ne 1724, nga nnyina ye Nabukalu * Omulangira (Omulangira) Mpiima, nga nnyina yali Nampiima * Omulangira (Omulangira) Kayima, nga nnyina yali Naluyima * Omulangira (Omulangira) Mawuba, nga nnyina yali Namawuba * Omulangira (Omulangira) Mukama, nga nnyina yali Namawuba * Omulangira (Omulangira) Matumbwe, nga nnyina yali Namawuba == Emyaka egyasembayo == [[:en:Died|Yakisa omukono]] e Mbalwa era gye yaterekebwa. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Ensonda endala ezesigika ziraga yaterekebwa Kongojje mu Busiro.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ssekabaka Mutebi I Is Buried At Kongojje, Busiro |url=http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm |access-date=5 October 2014 |publisher=Buganda.com |archive-date=15 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615070042/http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ennambika y'obusika == {{s-start}} {{succession box|title=[[King of Buganda]]|before=[[Kateregga of Buganda|Kateregga Kamegere]]|after=[[Juuko of Buganda|Juuko Mulwaana]]|years=c.1674-c.1680}} {{s-end}} == Laba ne == * [[Kabaka wa Buganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130615070042/http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm Olukalala lwa Bassekabaka ba Buganda] rzgkywoyivi6kpbuyzhquar7kbp06fa 0 11330 66823 44073 2026-08-05T19:03:01Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66823 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Juuko Mulwaana''' yali [[Kabaka wa Buganda|Sekabaka]] oba kabaka w’Obwakabaka [[Buganda|bwa Buganda]] owe 16, wakati wa 1680 - 1690. == Okutuula ku Nnamulondo == Yali [[:en:Son|mutabani]] wa [[Kateregga of Buganda|Sekabaka Kateregga Kamegere]], Kabaka wa Buganda ow'okubiri wakati wa 1644 - 1674. [[:en:Mother|Nyina]] yali Namutebi ow’ekika kya Mamba, [[:en:Wife|mukyala]] wa kitaawe owa 8. Yatuula ku [[:en:Throne|ntebe y'obwa Kabaka]] oluvannyuma lw'okufa okwa mukulu we mu 1680. Yatandikawo [[:en:Capital_(political)|olubiri]] olwe Ngalamye.<ref name="The Customs of the Baganda">{{Cite book |last=Kaggwa |first=Apollo |date=1934 |title=The Customs of the Baganda |url=https://archive.org/details/customsofbaganda0022sira |last2=Kalibala |first2=Ernest B. |page=[https://archive.org/details/customsofbaganda0022sira/page/28 28]}}</ref> Ajjukirwa ng’omufuzi omubi. <ref name="The Customs of the Baganda" /> == Obulamu bw’obufumbo == Yawasa abakyala mukaaga (6): <ref name="The Customs of the Baganda"/> * Nabatanzi muwala wa Sebugulu ow’ekika ky’e Lugave * Nakimera muwala wa Kalanzi ow’ekika ky’e Nsenene * Nakisozi muwala wa Sekayiba ow'ekika kya Mbogo * Nalunga muwala wa Semaluulu ow'ekika ky'e Nvuma * Nandawula Kabengano muwala wa Nkata ow'ekika ky'e Nsenene * Nantume muwala wa Sekayiba, ow’ekika kya Mbogo == Ensonga == Yazaala abaana bangi omuli: * Omulangira (Omulangira) Batanzi, nga nnyina yali Nabatanzi * Omulangira (Omulangira) Kimera, nga nnyina yali Nakimera * Omulangira (Omulangira) Kisozi, nga nnyina yali Nakisozi * Omulangira (Omulangira) Lumweeno, nga nnyina yali Nalunga * [[Ndawula owa Buganda|Kabaka Ndawula Nsobya]], Kabaka wa Buganda, eyafugira wakati wa 1724 ne 1734, nga nnyina yali Nandawula Kabengano * Omulangira (Omulangira) Kasagazi, nga nnyina yali Nantume * Omulangira (Omulangira) Kyekaka. * Omumbejja (Omumbejja) Kagere == Emyaka egyasembayo == Yafa mu 1690. Gyeyafiira oba ekyamuviirako [[:en:Death|okusa omukono]] tebimanyiddwa. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Yaterekebwa e Bujuuko mu Busiro. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Kabaka Juuko Is Buried At Bujuuko, Busiro |url=http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615070042/http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm |archive-date=15 June 2013 |access-date=5 October 2014 |publisher=Buganda.com}}</ref> == Ennambika y'obusika == {{s-start}} {{succession box|title=[[King of Buganda]]|before=[[Mutebi I of Buganda|Mutebi I]]|after=[[Kayemba of Buganda|Kayemba Kisiki]]|years=c.1680-c.1690}} {{s-end}} == Laba ne == * [[Kabaka wa Buganda]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130615070042/http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm Olukalala lwa Bassekabaka ba Buganda] Archived 7muz0uihw4ju83ehnu8gdjpmhyv5o47 0 11416 66786 39311 2026-08-05T18:27:57Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66786 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox monarch|image=|name=Ssekabaka Ssuuna II Kalema Kasinjo|succession=[[Kabaka of Buganda]]|reign=1832 – 1856|coronation=|predecessor=[[Kamaanya of Buganda]]|successor=[[Muteesa I of Buganda]]|spouse=He married at least 148 wives <ref name="The Customs of the Baganda" />|royal house=Batandabezala|father=[[Kamaanya of Buganda]]|mother=Namasole Nakkazi Kannyange|birth_date=c. 1820|birth_place=Bujuuko Hill|death_date=1856|death_place=Wamala, Kyaddondo|place of burial=Wamala, Kyaddondo}}'''Ssuuna II Kalema Kasinjo Mukaabya Sekkyungwa Muteesa Sewankambo Walugembe Mig'ekyaamye Lukeberwa Kyetutumula Magulunyondo Luwambya Omutanda Sseggwanga''' yeeyali [[Kabaka wa Buganda|Kabaka]] w'[[Buganda|obwakabaka bwa Buganda]] owa 29 okuva mu 1832 okutuuka mu 1856. Erinnya ly'era liwandiikibwa nga Suna (mu biwandiiko ebikadde) ate nga Suuna (mu biwandiiko bingi eby’Olungereza). == Okulinnya ku namulondo == Yazaalibwa ku kasozi Bujuuko awo nga mu mwaka gwa 1820. Yali mutabani wa [[Kamaanya owa Buganda|Kabaka Kamaanya Kadduwamala]], Kabaka wa Buganda, eyafuga wakati wa 1814 ne 1832. Maama we yali Nakkazi Kannyange, ow’abiri mu ssatu ku [[bakyala]] ba kitaawe amakumi asatu mu munaana . [[Yalinnya]] ku [[namulondo]] nga kitaawe [[afudde]] mu 1832, ng’amaze okutta baganda be bonna asobole okusigala nga ye musika yekka. [[Ekibuga]] kye yakikuba ku [[kasozi Mulago]] == Obulamu bw’obufumbo == Kabaka Ssuuna II yagenda mu maaso mu nnono eyatandikibwa jjajjaawe era n'ekopebwa kitaawe ; enkola y’okuwasa omuwendo gw'abakyala ogutali gwa bulijjo. Ssuuna II yabasingako bonna. Agambibwa okuba nga yawasa abakyala kikumi ana mu munaana. Okufaananako n’ebitundu bingi eby’ensi ( royal intermarriage ), bakabaka ba Buganda baakozesanga obufumbo ng’ekintu ky'okutondawo n’okunyweza enkolagana n’emikago n’ababalwanyisa naddala okuva mu bika ebirala ebya Buganda awamu n’abbakungu ab'amaanyi. Kino kyakakasa nti Kabaka addako yayinza okubera ow'oluganda lw’omuntu yenna ow’ebika bya Buganda era nga kiyinzika okuba nga wa mutaka omukulu. Kale buli kika n’omutaka omukulu baagezangako okukakasa ng’omu ku bawala baabwe afuuka mukyala wa Kabaka aliko kati. == Ensonga == Nga bwe kyali kisuubirwa, Kabaka olw’okuwasa abakyala 148, yazaala omuwendo gw'abaana munene. Ebyafaayo ebiwandiike biteeka omuwendo ogwo waggulu nga mu bikumi bibiri mu abiri mu gumu. * Omulangira (Omulangira) Kajumba * Omulangira (Omulangira) Kiyimba, nga nnyina yali Lady Zawedde * Omumbejja (Omumbejja) Nassuuna, nga nnyina yali Lady Zawedde * Omulangira (Omulangira) [[Muteesa I of Buganda|Mukaabya Walugembe]], nga nnyina yali Lady Muganzirwazza * Omulangira (Omulangira) Nuhu Mbogo Okujuliza kuno kuwa amannya gaabwe bonna, nga kiwa amannya ga bannyaaabwe mu mbeera ezisinga obungi. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;[[okujuliza kwetaagisa]]&#x5D;</sup> == Obufuzi == Kabaka Ssuuna yalina emyaka kkumi n’ebiri gyokka 12 we yalinnya ku nnamulondo. Yali mulenzi mulungi, ng’atwala entunula ya nnyina, Nakkazi Kannyange,ayogerwako ng'omu ku bakazi abaali basinga obubalagavu mu [[Buganda]] mu kiseera ekyo. Yatandika nga kabaka amanyiddwa ennyo,ayagalwa abantu be. Wabula bwe yeeyongera okwekkiririzaamu,yafuuka mujoozi atasaasira. Yeewa amannya agawerako agaali gategeeza nantawangulwa era kirimaanyi. Yalagira baganda be ataano mu munaana ku nkaaga battibwe. Babiri bokka be baasimattuse ettemu lino: * Omulangira (Omulangira) Wasajja, nga nnyina yali Nakkazi ow'ekika kya Mamba (si Nakkazi Kannyange) * Omulangira (Omulangira) Mugogo, nga nnyina yali Kyotowadde ow’ekika ky’Abamamba Mu kiseera weyafiira Kabaka Ssuuna yali afuuse omu ku bakabaka ba [[Buganda]] abatalina kisa. Ssuuna yatwala mu maaso obusuubuzi bwa Buganda mu masanga n’abaddu ne Zanzibar era okumala ekiseera yakkiriza abasuubuzi abagwiira okusinga Abazanzibari n’Abawalabu nga Snay bin Amir (mu 1852) ne Ahmed bin Ibrahim (mu 1844), mu bwakabaka bwe. Abasuubuzi Abawalabu baawaayo engoye (eza ppamba ne silika), emmundu, amasasi, n’ebirala wabula, okuleeta engoye za ppamba mu bungi kyavaako mpolampola okukendeera mu nkozesa y'[[embugo]] . Embugo zaali zibadde engoye ezisinga okwambalibwa abantu mu kitundu . Ssuuna oluvannyuma yawera okuyingira kw'abasuubuzi abagwira mu Buganda. Ssuuna yayongera ku bungi bw'amaato ga Buganda amalwanyi n'okugaziya mu [[Nnalubaale|nnyanja Nnalubaale]] . Entalo z’okuwamba baliraanwa b’obwakabaka zaayongera kugenda mu maaso ku mulembe gwe ekyaviirako okugaziwa kw’ettaka ly’obwakabaka bwa Buganda. Ku mulembe gwe, okulagajjalira omutindo gw’obuyonjo mu kibuga ekikulu kyalagirwa ng’omusango ogubonerezebwa n’okufa. Ssuuna yatta abantu abawerako olw’okumenya amateeka ge, ekyaleeta omusamize omu ayitibwa Kigemuzi obusungu . Kigemuzi yatandika okwogera mu ngeri etyoboola ekitiibwa kya Kabaka ng’agamba nti ekyo yakikola ku kiragiro kya lubaale /empewo. Ku biragiro bya Ssuuna, Kigemuzi yakwatibwa n’atwalibwa ku kibuga , ekikontana n’empisa. Yeekalakaasizza mu maaso ga Kabaka, ng’amujjukiza nti kikontana n’ennono okusiba omulubaale oba omusamize. Olwo Kabaka n’alagira Kigemuzi aggyibwewo, era ekiro ekyo ennyumba y’obwakabaka n’ekubwa laddu , Kabaka n’ayokebwa mu maaso ne ku ludda olumu olw’omubiri gwe. Ssuuna omulundi gumu natumya omusamize Kigemuzi, n’amusumulula, n’amubuuza lwaki wabaddewo omuyaga guno. Omusamize yaddamu nti: "Kubanga lubaale wa w'okubwatuka / laddu (Kiwanuka) anyiize olw'ebyo by'onkoze." Olwo Kabaka n’akwasa omusajja ente okumutangirira olw’okumusiba, era maama wa kabaka Kabaka n’amusenza ku ttaka eddene, asobole okutabagana n'empewo, n’okutaasa omwana we obutafuna bulabe obulala. == Emyaka egyasembayo == Mu myaka gye egyasembayo, Kabaka Ssuuna yasindika omubaka eri kabaka w’e Buzongola. M kukomawo, omubaka yaleeta obubaka bwa kwewaana okuva e Buzongola. Ssuuna kino yakitwala ng’obunyoomi era naggula olutalo ku bwakabaka bw’e Buzongola. Katikkiro, Kayira, abaami ba Kabaka ab'amaanyi ne Namasole bonna baawa amagezi obutatandika lulwana lw’amagye mu kiseera ky’enjala ne kawaali. Kabaka yagenda mu maaso n'olutalo ku magezi amakyamu Wadde nga yavaayo nga muwanguzi era n’agoba kabaka w’e Buzongola, ebikosa entalo, ssennyiga n’enjala byonna awamu byanafuya nnyo amagye ge era basajja be abasinga ne bafa nga tebannatuuka mu Buganda. Kabaka Ssuuna II yafa obulwadde bwa kawaali ng’adda e Buganda mu mwezi gw'ekkumi 1856. Kayiira yakomyawo ebisigala bye e Nabulagala. Mu kiseera kino ebisigalira bye biziikiddwa e Wamala. == Ebimwogerwako == "Yali musajja mukambwe nnyo: yali muvumu mu lutalo, yali muyizzi wa nsolo zamunsiko era ng'ayagala nnyo embwa engizzi. Ebisera ebimu wabula yali nga wa kisa, bwe bagamba bwe batyo, era kimanyiddwa bulungi nti bakabaka abakambwe ebiseera ebimu balaga ekisa baleme kukyayibwa bantu bebafuga. Bw'atyo bwe yali Ssuuna." * Ham Mukasa, "Some Notes on the Reign of Mutesa", 1934 <ref name="Some Notes on the Reign of Mutesa2">Mukasa, H. (1934). "Some Notes on the Reign of Mutesa." Uganda Journal, 2(1), 124-133</ref> "Bwe yanenyezebwa Ahmed bin Ibrahim (Omuwalabu eyasooka okukyalira kkooti ya Ssuuna II mu 1844) olw'okutta abantu be mu ngeri etali ya bwenkanya, Ssuuna yassaayo okwewoozaako kuno wammanga; 'Sirina kyama kirala olw'okukuuma abantu bange nga bantya nnyo n'okutangira enkwe'." * John A. Rowe, ''Revolution in Buganda'', 1968 == Amasiro g'e Wamala == Ku ntikko y’akasozi n'embeera ennungi eyeetooloddewo,Wamala kye kifo ekitukuvu Kabaka Ssuuna II, eyalina abakyala 148 n’abaana 218 we yaziikibwa. Ssuuna II ye [[Kabaka wa Buganda|Kabaka]] eyasembayo okuziikibwa mu lubiri lwe era ye yasembayo okuggyibwako akaba oluvannyuma lw’okufa. Era ye Kabaka eyasooka okukkiriza abasuubuzi ab'ebweru mu [[Buganda]] . Ekifo ekikulu ennyo naye nga kumpi kyerabirwa, amasiro g'e Wamala kifo kya njawulo nnyo. Ovuga eddakiika amakumi asatu okuva e Kampala ng’oyita ku luguudo lwa [[Kampala]] - [[Hoima]] Kisangibwa ku ntikko y’akasozi kilo mmita 2.5 (1.6 mi) oluvannyuma lw’okukyuka ku ddyo, okuva ku luguudo lwa Hoima. == Emmeeza y'obusika == {| class="wikitable" | valign="top" |Yasikira [[Kamanya Kadduwamala|Kamanya]] [[Kamanya Kadduwamala|Kadduwamala]] | valign="top" |[[Kabaka wa Buganda]] 1832-1856 | valign="top" |Yasikirwa [[Muteesa I Mukaabya]] |} # == Laba ne == * [[Kabaka wa Buganda]] * [[Akasozi Mulago]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Kabaka of Buganda}} # Kiwanuka, MM Semakula, Muteesa of Uganda. Kampala: East African Literature Bureau, 1967 # {{cite book|last1=Kaggwa|first1=Apollo|last2=Kalibala|first2=Ernest B.|title=The Customs of the Baganda|url=https://archive.org/details/customsofbaganda0022sira|date=1934|page=[https://archive.org/details/customsofbaganda0022sira/page/44 44]}} # {{cite web|url=http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/36/493.html|title=The Reign of Kabaka Ssuuna II|first=C.R.|last=Spinner|date=11 June 2003|accessdate=5 October 2014|publisher=Hartford-Hwp.Com}} # J. Roscoe, The Baganda, 1911, pp.227. # Mukasa, H. (1934). "Some Notes on the Reign of Mutesa." Uganda Journal, 2(1), 124-133 # {{cite web|url=http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm|title=Kabaka Ssuuna II Is Buried At Wamala, Kyaddondo|accessdate=5 October 2014|publisher=Buganda.com|archive-date=15 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615070042/http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm|url-status=dead}} # Rowe, J.A. (1968). ''Revolution in Buganda 1856-1900. Part One: The Reign of Kabaka Mukabya Mutesa, 1856-1884''. # {{cite web|accessdate=5 October 2014|url=http://www.ugandatravelguide.com/wamala-tombs.html|title=About Wamala Tombs|date=7 August 2014|publisher=Uganda Travel Guide|archive-date=21 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221140330/http://www.ugandatravelguide.com/wamala-tombs.html|url-status=dead}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130615070042/http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm Olukalala lwa Bassekabaka ba Buganda] Archived {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615070042/http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm|date=2013-06-15}} {{s-start}} {{succession box|title=[[King of Buganda]]|before=[[Kamaanya of Buganda|Kamaanya Kadduwamala]]|after=[[Muteesa I of Buganda|Muteesa I Mukaabya]]|years=1832 - 1856}} {{s-end}}Kabaka wa Buganda 9przi7nktu0j7ycaxj1pg4yimys45wp 0 11460 66831 39172 2026-08-05T19:09:47Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66831 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Richard Carl Ntiru''' (yazaalibwa 1946) [[:en:Ugandan|Munnayuganda]] ,mutontomi era muwandiisi w'abitabo. Ebitontome bye byonna y'abikuŋŋaanyizza mu kitabo kye ky'eyatuuma ''Tensions'' (1971), erimu ebifaananyi bingi ebijjukiza ebitontome bya [[:en:Christopher_Okigbo|Christopher Okigbo]] ne Paul Ndu. Ntiru akola ku nsonga za East Africa ey’omulembe guno saako n'okusiima abatontomi abalala mu biwandiiko ebirala, mu bumanyirivu anoonyereza ku njawukana eziri mu bantu era n’avumirira endowooza z’ekibiina kye ku bantu abatali ba mukisa. Ng'oggyeeko ebitontome awandiise n'omuzannyo gwa leediyo n'emboozi ennyimpi, era ebitontome bye "If it is true", ne "The miniskirt" byateekebwa mu kitabo kya ''[[:en:The_Penguin_Book_of_Modern_African_Poetry|The Penguin Book of Modern African Poetry]]'' (1999). <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780313335808</ref> == Obuto bwe n'emisomo gye == Richard Ntiru yazaalibwa okumpi ne [[:en:Kisoro|Kisoro]] mu [[:en:Kigezi_District|Disitulikiti y’e Kigezi]], mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba bwa Uganda. Yasomera ku ssomero lya [[:en:Ntare_School|Ntare School]] e Mbarara. Mu 1968, yeegatta ku [[:en:Makerere_University|Ssettedekero wa Makerere]] gye yasomera Olungereza era yakolamu n'enkyukakyuka mu magazini ya yunivasite eya ''The Makererean'', wamu n'ekitabo ky'abawandiisi abayiiya ekya campus journal of creative writing, ''Pen point'' . Era yaddukanya katemba mu Ssettendekero wa Makerere. Okumala emyaka egiwerako, Ntiru yakola nga omuwandiisi mu kkampuni ezifulumya ebitabo n’ebibiina ebinoonyereza mu Buvanjuba bwa Afrika, omuli n’ekitongole kya East African Publishing House kati ekitaliiwo. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press</ref> == Ebiwandiiko bye ebyafulumizibwa == === Ekitabo kye eky'ebitontome === * {{Cite book |year=1971 |title=Tensions |publisher=Nairobi: East African Publishing House |isbn=}} === Ebitontome bye === * "The miniskirt" and "If it is true", in {{Cite book |year=1998 |title=The Penguin Book of Modern African Poetry |url=https://archive.org/details/penguinbookofmod0000unse_a8j0 |publisher=Penguin Books |isbn=9780141181004 |editor-last=Gerald Moore, [[Ulli Beier]]}}<cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFGerald_Moore,_Ulli_Beier1998">(1998). ''The Penguin Book of Modern African Poetry''. Penguin Books. ISBN&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780141181004|<bdi>9780141181004</bdi>]].</cite> * "Modena", "The pauper", "To the living" and "Virgine Madre", in {{Cite book |year=1996 |title=Poems from East Africa |url=https://archive.org/details/poemsfromeastafr00east |publisher=East African Publishers |isbn=9789966460196 |editor-last=David Cook, [[David Rubadiri]]}}<cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFDavid_Cook,_David_Rubadiri1996">(1996). [[iarchive:poemsfromeastafr00east|''Poems from East Africa'']]. East African Publishers. ISBN&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9789966460196|<bdi>9789966460196</bdi>]].</cite> * "First rains", in ''Zuka'' 1–4 (Oxford University Press) 1967. * "Introduction" == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa w'abweru wa Wikipedia == * {{Cite book |year=1984 |title=The Writing of East and Central Africa |url=https://archive.org/details/writingofeastcen00gdki |publisher=East African Publishers |isbn=9780435916718 |editor-last=G. D. Killam}} * {{Cite book |year=1983 |title=East African Literature: an anthology |url=https://archive.org/details/eastafricanliter0000unse |publisher=Longman |isbn=9780582643888 |editor-last=Arne Zettersten}} {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Ntiru, Richard Carl}} hffvouspd3oymoi8s1hmvixzz80odw2 0 11504 66853 41995 2026-08-05T19:31:20Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66853 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mwanga I [[:en:Kabaka_of_Buganda|Sekabaka]]'''w’Obwakabaka [[Buganda|bwa Buganda]] okuva mu 1740 okutuuka mu 1741. Yali Kabaka wa Buganda ow’amakumi abiri mu ssatu (23). == Okutuuzibwa ku Nnamulondo == Ono yali mutabani omukulu [[Prince Musanje Golooba|w'Omulangira Musanje Golooba]] . Maama we yali Nabulya Naluggwa ow’ekika ky’e Ndiga, mukyala wa kitaawe owookubiri. [[:en:Enthronement|Yatuuzibwa]] ku [[:en:Throne|Nnamulondo]] oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa kitaawe we, [[Mawanda of Buganda|Kabaka Mawanda Sebanakitta]], mu 1740. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">okujuliza kwetaagisa</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Ekiseera == Mwanga I ne baganda be ba Kabaka ba Buganda abaasooka okugenda e Nnagalabi (oluvannyuma eyatuumibwa erinnya Budo) ku mikolo gy’amattikira. Ba Kabaka abaasooka baali bagenze Nankere ku mukolo ogwasembayo era ogwakakasibwa ddala. Abamu ku baserikale b’eggwanga abakulu mu kiseera ky’obufuzi bwe kuliko; {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! width="150" |Erinnya ! width="120" | Ekika ! width="90" | Ekifo ! width="120" | Okuvvuunula |- | Ssebanaakitta | Mamba (Ebyennyanja eby’amawuggwe) . | Katikiro | Katikkiro |- | Lubinga | Lugave (Olupangolin) . | Kasujju | Gavana wa Busujju |- | Matumpaggwa | Nkima (Enkima ya Vervet) . | Kangaawo | Gavana wa Bulemezi |- | Mugwanya | Nkima (Enkima ya Vervet) . | Mugema | Gavana wa Busiro |- | Kibaate | Ntalaganya (Omuduumizi) . | Kitunzi | Gavana wa Gomba |- | Manganyi | Ndiga (Endiga) . | Katambala | Gavana wa Butambala |} == Obulamu bw’obufumbo == Amanyiddwa nga eyawasa abakyala bataano (5): <ref name="The Customs of the Baganda">{{Cite book |last=Kaggwa |first=Apollo |date=1934 |title=The Customs of the Baganda |url=https://archive.org/details/customsofbaganda0022sira |last2=Kalibala |first2=Ernest B. |page=34}}</ref> * Najjuma muwala wa Natiigo, ow’ekika ky’o Lugave * Nakabugo muwala wa Mugema ow'ekika kye Nkima * Naabakyaala Nakiwala, Omubikka, muwala wa Semwanga, ow’ekika ky’e Ng'onge * Nalubowa muwala wa Segiriinya ow'ekika ky'Ab'engo * Namakula muwala wa Mpinga ow’ekika ky’o Lugave == Ensonga == Awandiikiddwa nti yazaala abaana basatu (3) ab’obulenzi: * Omulangira (Omulangira) Mulage, nga nnyina yali Najjuma. Yafuuka Sabaddu eri abambejja. * Omulangira (Omulangira) Kiwanuka, nga nnyina yali Nakabugo * Omulangira (Omulangira) Nkondoggo, nga nnyina yali Namakula == Emyaka egisembayo ==   Kabaka Mwanga I Sebanakitta yattibwa '''Nkunnumbi''', nga yeesasuza olw’okutta mutabani we, nga mu mwaka gwa 1741. Yasooka kuziikibwa e Meerera. Mu 1860, ebisigalira bye byasimibwa ne biddamu okuziikibwa e Kavumba mu Busiro. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ssekabaka Mwanga I Is Buried at Kavumba, Busiro |url=http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm |access-date=5 October 2014 |publisher=Buganda.com |archive-date=15 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615070042/http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yasikirwa muganda we [[Namuggala owa Buganda|Omulangira Namuggala Kagali]] . == Engeri gyebasikamu == {{s-start}} {{succession box|title=[[King of Buganda]]|before=[[Mawanda of Buganda|Mawanda Sebanakitta]]|after=[[Namuggala of Buganda|Namuggala Kagali]]|years=c.1740-c.1741}} {{s-end}} == Laba ne == * [[Kabaka wa Buganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijulizidwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130615070042/http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm Olukalala lwa Bassekabaka ba Buganda] l4joe69zbcx8mjjo168aq6shlvwog3h 0 11530 66795 58074 2026-08-05T18:37:20Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66795 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rashid Kalema Muguluma''' yali [[Kabaka wa Buganda|Kabaka]] w'Obwakabaka bwa Buganda owa 33 mu Uganda okuva nga 5 Omwezi ogw'ekkumi 1889. ,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2020-09-14 |title=Bibles turn into bullets in Buganda |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/uganda-50/bibles-turn-into-bullets-in-buganda-1511748 |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=AFRICAN ARCHIVES GENERAL |url=https://theafricanarchives.com/article/60 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525124706/https://theafricanarchives.com/article/60 |archive-date=2024-05-25 |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=theafricanarchives.com}}</ref> == Okulinnya ku namulondo == Kalema Muguluma yali mutabani wa [[Muteesa I of Buganda|Kabaka Mukaabya Walugembe Muteesa I]], Kabaka wa Buganda, eyafuga wakati wa 1856 ne 1884. Maama we yali Ndibuwakanyi, ow’ekika ky'e Mamba. Yalangirirwa nga Kabaka eggye ly'abasiraamu eryamaamulako mukulu we [[Kiweewa owa Buganda|Kabaka Kiweewa Mutebi]] ku namulaondo nga 21 Omewzi gw'ekkumi 1888. Ekibuga kye yakireka ku kasozi Mengo <ref name=":0"/> == Obulamu bw’obufumbo == Awandiikiddwako okuba nga yawasa abakyala bano: <ref name="The Customs of the Baganda">{{Cite book |last=Kaggwa |first=Apollo |date=1934 |title=The Customs of the Baganda |url=https://archive.org/details/customsofbaganda0022sira |last2=Kalibala |first2=Ernest B. |pages=[https://archive.org/details/customsofbaganda0022sira/page/61 61]–62}}</ref> # Nabikukuzi muwala wa Jjumba ow'ekika ky'e Nkima # Sofia Kabakalongoosa muwala wa Kinyolo ow'ekika ky'e Nkima # Nakibuuka muwala wa Mugema ow'ekika ky'e Nkima # Zefiria Nnampa Nakibuuka muwala wa Bakkabulindi ow’ekika ky’e Ngeye # Nabibooge muwala wa Kibaya ow'ekika ky'e Nsenene # Veneneka Nabiwemba, muwala wa Wakooli, [[Omusoga]] ow’ekika ky'e Ngabi # Njera Saabaddu muwala wa Gabunga ow'ekika ky'e Mamba == Ensonga == Abaana be abamanyikiddwa mulimu: # Omulangira Kiweewa Zzimbe, nga nnyina yali Nabikukuzi # Omulangira Edmond Alamanzaani Ndawula nga nnyina yali Zefiria Nnampa. Yafa nga 1,Omwezi gw'omusanvu 1916 # Omulangira Yozefu Musanje Walugembe, MBE. Yazaalibwa nga 31 Omwezi gw'omunaana 1889. Maama we yali Nabibooge. Yasomera mu ssomero lya [[Namilyango College]] . Mu Mwezi gwekkumi 1914, yakuzibwa nga 2nd Lieutenant mu ggye lya African Native Medical Corps. Mu 1915, yakuzibwa n’afuulibwa Lieutenant. Yaweereza mu [[Ssematalo Asooka]] okuva mu 1915 okutuuka mu 1919. Yaweebwa emidaali [[Member of the Order of the British Empire]] (MBE), 1915 Star and the British War n’ogwa Allied Victory medals. Nga 18 Omwezi gww'ekkumi n'ogumu 1907, yawasa Sala Kiire, muwala wa Chevalier Stanislas Mugwaanya, [[OBE]], [[GCSG]] , ku [[White Fathers]]' Mission, [[Nsambya]] . Omulangira Musanje yazaala abaana basatu ab’obulenzi n’abawala babiri: (a) Omulangira Joseph Mukaabya (b) Omulangira Daudi Kimera (c) Omulangira Lodoviko Kamanya ne (c) Omumbejja Tereza Namukaabya (d) Omumbejja Mary Kamuwanda. # Omumbejja Yuniya Maliamu Kamuwanda, nga maama we yali Veneneka Nabiwemba. Omumbejja Kamuwanda yatuuzibwa ku bwa Naalinnya eri [[Ssekabaka Daudi Cwa II|Kabaka Daudi Chwa II]] nga 14, Omwezi gwomunaana 1897. Yafuna omudaali gwa [[Silver Jubilee]] mu 1935, ogwa [[Coronation medal]] mu 1937 n'ogwa [[Papal]] medal Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice" mu 1951. Yafa nga 30, Omwezi ogwokutaano 1951. # Omumbejja Besemerese Hana Dimbwe. Yazaalibwa mu [[Kampala]] mu 1887. Maama we yali Sofia Kabakaalongoosa. Mu Mwezi gw'omwenda 1905, yafumbirwa, e [[Mbale]], ng'omukyala owookusatu owa Semei Lwakirenzi Kakungulu, eyali Kabaka wa Bukedi mu kiseera ekyo. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">okujuliza kwetaagisa</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Obufuzi bwe == [[File:Kalema's_Komera_katereke_prison_ditch_in_Nsangi,_Uganda.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Ekkomera lya Kalema mu Lunnya]] Ekiseera okuva mu 1884 okutuuka mu 1897 kyalimu okusika omuguwa okw'amaanyi mu [[Buganda]] . [[Baganda|Abaganda]] abawera baali bakyuse ne badda mu emu ku ddiini essatu enkulu mu bwakabaka; [[Obukatuliki]], [[Obupolotesitante]] oba [[Obusiraamu]] Ng'abakulembeze mu bwakabaka bagezaako okuzza obuyinza ku bantu baabwe abaali beeggase ku maddini gano obwakabaka bwajjamu akasambattuko, obujeemu, okulwanyisa obuggyeeemu n’okuyigganyizibwa olw'eddiini. Mu bbanga lya myaka kkumi n’esatu okuva mu 1884 okutuuka mu 1897, Buganda yalimu enkyukakyuka mu bukulembeze e [[Mengo]] emirundi mukaaga, ekyali kitabangawo mu bwakabaka. Ba Kabaka bangi baalondako enjuyi kwebagwa mu ddiini emu oba endala, okwesanga nga bamaamuddwa ku namulondo abawagizi b’amadiini ge bataalonda. Era embeera ne yeddingana bwetyo Mu Mwezi ogw'ekkumi 1888, ekiwayi ky’ Abasiraamu kye kyali kisinga amanyi mu [[Buganda]]<ref>https://exploreuganda.com/buganda/</ref>. Abaminsani abakulisitaayo bonna baagobebwa, era [[Kiweewa owa Buganda|Kabaka Kiweewa Mutebi Nnyonyintono]] n’aggyibwa ku namulondo . Kabaka Kalema Muguluma eyali akyuse n'adda mu busiraamu era naalonda erinnya lya Rashid, yatuuzibwa ku [[namulondo]] nga yatuuzibwa katikkiro wa Kiweewa, Muguluma . Wabula oluvannyuma lw’omwaka gumu gwokka, yawalirizibwa amagye g'[[Great Britain|Abangereza]] abafuzi b'amatwale okugivaako. Yaweebwa Abangereza akakwakkulizo: okukyuka okudda mu bukulisitaayo asigaze namulondo, oba okusigala nga musiraamu agifiirwe. Kirabwa n'ayonka nti yalondako busiraamu era naggyibwa ku namulondo. Mu myezi ebiri ng’afuga, Kalema yaweereza ebirabo by’amasanga eri Sultan w’e Zanzibar n’awereekerezaako n'ebbaluwa. Mu bbaluwa, Kalema yeerangirira nga Sultan wa Buganda, era n’alangirira enteekateeka ye okugifuula eggwanga ery'obusiraamu. Yasaba kkulaani okusomesa Abasiraamu, wamu n’emmundu okukuuma ensi ye okuva ku balumbaganyi Abakulisitaayo. Abakulisitaayo abanoonyi b'obubudamo bwebeegatta ne Mwanga, mu kugezaako okuwamba namulondo ya Kalema, Kalema yafuba okunyweza ekifo kye ng’aggyawo abantu bonna ab’olulyo olulangira abaali basobola okusendebwasendebwa okwegatta ku nsonga y’Abakulisitaayo. Yalagira abalangira n’abambejja bonna okwokebwa nga balamu. Abalangira n’abambejja nga amakumi asatu be baafiira mu ttemu lino nga kuliko ne batabani [[Ssekabaka Mwanga II owa Buganda|ba Mwanga]] abawere Kyonya ne Kagalo. Okutta kuno okw’aboolugandalwe mu kirindi kwanyiiza abantu. Engeri Kiweewa gye yattibwamu- okumulumya enjala okumala ennaku eziwera, n'oluvannyuma n’akubwa amasasi n’afa ne bakazibe nabo ne battibwa yalabibwa ng’etaasaana kuyisibwamu kabaka, era ng'akabonero akabi ku bwakabaka. N’olwekyo abantu tebaayagala nnyo kwewandiisa ku ggye lye mu lutalo olwali lubindabinda erii amaggye g'abalukisitaayo. Mu lutalo olwaddirira, yawangulwa n’addukira e Singo. == Emyaka egyasembayo == Oluvannyuma lw'okuggyibwa ku Nnamulondo [[Great Britain|Abazungu]], Kabaka Kalema yagenda mu [[buwanganguse]] mu [[Bunyoro]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 31, 2022 |title=Former Buganda King, Nuhu Rashid Kalema Was a True Muslim Hero-Mufti |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/former-buganda-king-nuhu-rashid-kalema-was-a-true-muslim-hero-mufti-}}</ref> Yafiira mu buwanganguse obulwadde bwa kawaali mu mwezi ogusooka 1891. Mu kiseera we yafiira, emyaka gye giteeberezebwa okuba nga gyali wakati w'amakumi abiri. Enjole ye yakomezebwawo n'ezikibwa e Mmende mu Busiro. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kabaka Kalema Muguluma Is Buried At Mmende, Busiro |url=http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615070042/http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm |archive-date=2013-06-15 |access-date=2009-08-31 |publisher=Buganda.com}}</ref> == Emmeeza y'obusika == Yasiksira [[Kabaka wa Buganda]] Yasikirwa [[Kiweewa Nnyonyintono]] 1888-1889 [[Mwanga II]] [[Mukaabya]] == Laba ne == * [[Kabaka wa Buganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == # {{Cite web |date=2020-09-14 |title=Bibles turn into bullets in Buganda |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/uganda-50/bibles-turn-into-bullets-in-buganda-1511748 |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=Monitor |language=en}} # {{Cite web |title=AFRICAN ARCHIVES GENERAL |url=https://theafricanarchives.com/article/60 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525124706/https://theafricanarchives.com/article/60 |archive-date=2024-05-25 |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=theafricanarchives.com}} # {{cite book |last1=Kaggwa |first1=Apollo |date=1934 |title=The Customs of the Baganda |url=https://archive.org/details/customsofbaganda0022sira |last2=Kalibala |first2=Ernest B. |pages=[https://archive.org/details/customsofbaganda0022sira/page/61 61]–62}} # Sir John M. Gray, 1950. The Year of the Three Kings of Buganda. "Uganda Journal", 14, pp.15-52. # Sir John M. Gray, 1950, ibid. # Sir Apollo Kaggwa, 1901. ''Ekitabo kya Basekabaka b'e Buganda''. # {{Cite web |date=October 31, 2022 |title=Former Buganda King, Nuhu Rashid Kalema Was a True Muslim Hero-Mufti |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/former-buganda-king-nuhu-rashid-kalema-was-a-true-muslim-hero-mufti-}} # {{cite web |title=Kabaka Kalema Muguluma Is Buried At Mmende, Busiro |url=http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615070042/http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm |archive-date=2013-06-15 |access-date=2009-08-31 |publisher=Buganda.com}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130615070042/http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm Olukalala lwa ba Kabaka ba Buganda][[Archived]] 2013-06-15 at the [[Wayback Machine]] Kabaka wa Buganda{{Kabaka of Buganda}} ps58zhgcxd5dyk9z998a80z09s72yyt 0 11688 66738 66686 2026-08-05T14:58:37Z Ssebuufu 9882 /* Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe */ 66738 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi''' (yazaalibwa nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979), munnayuganda omukugu mu by'enfuna, [[:en:Public_administration|omuddukanya]] w'ebyensimbi era munnabyabufuzi. Ye [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|mubaka wa Palamenti]] eyalondebwa mu [[:en:Nakaseke_District|Ssaza ly'e Nakaseke ery'amaserenta]] <ref name="PKSL2">{{Cite web |title=LUTTAMAGUZI SEMAKULA KASANA PAULSON |url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=66 |publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]]}}</ref> era nga mukiise mu kibiina kya National Unity Platform (NUP), ekibiina ky’eby'obufuzi ekisinga obuto mu Uganda. <ref name="PKSL1">{{Cite web |date=15 January 2021 |title=Billions lost as Nakaseke tomato factory collapses |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Billions--Nakaseke-tomato-factory-collapses-Luweero/688334-3862808-6ymemu/index.html |publisher=[[Daily Monitor]]}}</ref> Mmemba ku ''[[:en:Parliamentary_Committees_of_the_United_Kingdom|kakiiko]] k'ebyensimbi, enteekateeka enkulaakulana y'ebyenfuna'' n'akakiiko ''akalonda abantu'' mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] . == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Luttamaguzi yazaalibwa mu Iisitulikiti y'e Nakaseke omugenzi Luttamaguzi Mukiibi ne Cissy Nalunkuumae nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979 e Nakaseke . Yasomera mu ssomero lya Kitebi pulayimale. Mu siniya, yasomera Jinja College okumala akaseera katono, nga tanneeyunga ku ssomero lya Jinja Secondary gye yamalira O-level. Ku A-level, yasomera ku ssomero lya Luweero Secondary. Oluvannyuma yasoma naafuna diguli mu by'obusuubuzi mu yunivasite y’e Makerere. <ref>https://observer.ug/lifestyle/51677-i-am-politically-romantic-luttamaguzi</ref> == Era laba == * [[:en:Nakaseke_District|Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke]] * [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Ekibiina kya Democratic Party (Uganda) .]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] 74ymjxghcea64pyyg5rzmzq9l9i9rdx 66739 66738 2026-08-05T15:01:04Z Ssebuufu 9882 /* Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe */ 66739 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi''' (yazaalibwa nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979), munnayuganda omukugu mu by'enfuna, [[:en:Public_administration|omuddukanya]] w'ebyensimbi era munnabyabufuzi. Ye [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|mubaka wa Palamenti]] eyalondebwa mu [[:en:Nakaseke_District|Ssaza ly'e Nakaseke ery'amaserenta]] <ref name="PKSL2">{{Cite web |title=LUTTAMAGUZI SEMAKULA KASANA PAULSON |url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=66 |publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]]}}</ref> era nga mukiise mu kibiina kya National Unity Platform (NUP), ekibiina ky’eby'obufuzi ekisinga obuto mu Uganda. <ref name="PKSL1">{{Cite web |date=15 January 2021 |title=Billions lost as Nakaseke tomato factory collapses |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Billions--Nakaseke-tomato-factory-collapses-Luweero/688334-3862808-6ymemu/index.html |publisher=[[Daily Monitor]]}}</ref> Mmemba ku ''[[:en:Parliamentary_Committees_of_the_United_Kingdom|kakiiko]] k'ebyensimbi, enteekateeka enkulaakulana y'ebyenfuna'' n'akakiiko ''akalonda abantu'' mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] . == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Luttamaguzi yazaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979.<ref>"Hon. Luttamaguzi Semakula Paulson Kasana". ''Members of Parliament Database''. Parliament of Uganda. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> eri omugenzi Luttamaguzi Mukiibi ne Cissy Nalunkuumae e Nakaseke . Yasomera mu ssomero lya Kitebi pulayimale. Mu siniya, yasomera Jinja College okumala akaseera katono, nga tanneeyunga ku ssomero lya Jinja Secondary gye yamalira O-level. Ku A-level, yasomera ku ssomero lya Luweero Secondary. Oluvannyuma yasoma naafuna diguli mu by'obusuubuzi mu yunivasite y’e Makerere. <ref>https://observer.ug/lifestyle/51677-i-am-politically-romantic-luttamaguzi</ref> == Era laba == * [[:en:Nakaseke_District|Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke]] * [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Ekibiina kya Democratic Party (Uganda) .]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] 0ultre4f70h6zza4gnozbq3zskeas0m 66740 66739 2026-08-05T15:07:32Z Ssebuufu 9882 Ntaddemu ekijuliziddwa 66740 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi''' (yazaalibwa nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979), munnabyabufuzi era omukugu mu by'enfuna Munnayuganda .[[:en:Public_administration|omuddukanya]] w'ebyensimbi era munnabyabufuzi. Yali mubaka wa Paalamenti eyakiikirira Nakaseke ey'obukiika ddyo okuva mu 2016-2026.<ref>"Luttamaguzi loses as parliamentary map shifts in Nakaseke, Nakasongola". ''The Independent Uganda''. 18 January 2026. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref> Ye [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|mubaka wa Palamenti]] eyalondebwa mu [[:en:Nakaseke_District|Ssaza ly'e Nakaseke ery'amaserenta]] <ref name="PKSL2">{{Cite web |title=LUTTAMAGUZI SEMAKULA KASANA PAULSON |url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=66 |publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]]}}</ref> era nga mukiise mu kibiina kya National Unity Platform (NUP), ekibiina ky’eby'obufuzi ekisinga obuto mu Uganda. <ref name="PKSL1">{{Cite web |date=15 January 2021 |title=Billions lost as Nakaseke tomato factory collapses |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Billions--Nakaseke-tomato-factory-collapses-Luweero/688334-3862808-6ymemu/index.html |publisher=[[Daily Monitor]]}}</ref> Mmemba ku ''[[:en:Parliamentary_Committees_of_the_United_Kingdom|kakiiko]] k'ebyensimbi, enteekateeka enkulaakulana y'ebyenfuna'' n'akakiiko ''akalonda abantu'' mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] . == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Luttamaguzi yazaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979.<ref>"Hon. Luttamaguzi Semakula Paulson Kasana". ''Members of Parliament Database''. Parliament of Uganda. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> eri omugenzi Luttamaguzi Mukiibi ne Cissy Nalunkuumae e Nakaseke . Yasomera mu ssomero lya Kitebi pulayimale. Mu siniya, yasomera Jinja College okumala akaseera katono, nga tanneeyunga ku ssomero lya Jinja Secondary gye yamalira O-level. Ku A-level, yasomera ku ssomero lya Luweero Secondary. Oluvannyuma yasoma naafuna diguli mu by'obusuubuzi mu yunivasite y’e Makerere. <ref>https://observer.ug/lifestyle/51677-i-am-politically-romantic-luttamaguzi</ref> == Era laba == * [[:en:Nakaseke_District|Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke]] * [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Ekibiina kya Democratic Party (Uganda) .]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] t6dmchv22nqg79mkgjoy5ye6z29ssmg 66741 66740 2026-08-05T15:08:28Z Ssebuufu 9882 Ngasseeko ekijuliziddwa 66741 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi''' (yazaalibwa nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979), munnabyabufuzi era omukugu mu by'enfuna Munnayuganda .[[:en:Public_administration|omuddukanya]] w'ebyensimbi era munnabyabufuzi. Yali mubaka wa Paalamenti eyakiikirira Nakaseke ey'obukiika ddyo okuva mu 2016-2026.<ref>"Luttamaguzi loses as parliamentary map shifts in Nakaseke, Nakasongola". ''The Independent Uganda''. 18 January 2026. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref>"I Will Not Be Participating in Elections Going Forward – Paul Lutamaguzi Semakula". ''howwe.ug''. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref> Ye [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|mubaka wa Palamenti]] eyalondebwa mu [[:en:Nakaseke_District|Ssaza ly'e Nakaseke ery'amaserenta]] <ref name="PKSL2">{{Cite web |title=LUTTAMAGUZI SEMAKULA KASANA PAULSON |url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=66 |publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]]}}</ref> era nga mukiise mu kibiina kya National Unity Platform (NUP), ekibiina ky’eby'obufuzi ekisinga obuto mu Uganda. <ref name="PKSL1">{{Cite web |date=15 January 2021 |title=Billions lost as Nakaseke tomato factory collapses |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Billions--Nakaseke-tomato-factory-collapses-Luweero/688334-3862808-6ymemu/index.html |publisher=[[Daily Monitor]]}}</ref> Mmemba ku ''[[:en:Parliamentary_Committees_of_the_United_Kingdom|kakiiko]] k'ebyensimbi, enteekateeka enkulaakulana y'ebyenfuna'' n'akakiiko ''akalonda abantu'' mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] . == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Luttamaguzi yazaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979.<ref>"Hon. Luttamaguzi Semakula Paulson Kasana". ''Members of Parliament Database''. Parliament of Uganda. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> eri omugenzi Luttamaguzi Mukiibi ne Cissy Nalunkuumae e Nakaseke . Yasomera mu ssomero lya Kitebi pulayimale. Mu siniya, yasomera Jinja College okumala akaseera katono, nga tanneeyunga ku ssomero lya Jinja Secondary gye yamalira O-level. Ku A-level, yasomera ku ssomero lya Luweero Secondary. Oluvannyuma yasoma naafuna diguli mu by'obusuubuzi mu yunivasite y’e Makerere. <ref>https://observer.ug/lifestyle/51677-i-am-politically-romantic-luttamaguzi</ref> == Era laba == * [[:en:Nakaseke_District|Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke]] * [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Ekibiina kya Democratic Party (Uganda) .]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] 6epzn87prxtcakvbygccohtv04t9haz 66742 66741 2026-08-05T15:09:20Z Ssebuufu 9882 66742 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi''' (yazaalibwa nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979), munnabyabufuzi era omukugu mu by'enfuna Munnayuganda .[[:en:Public_administration|omuddukanya]] w'ebyensimbi era munnabyabufuzi. Yali mubaka wa Paalamenti eyakiikirira Nakaseke ey'obukiika ddyo okuva mu 2016-2026.<ref>"Luttamaguzi loses as parliamentary map shifts in Nakaseke, Nakasongola". ''The Independent Uganda''. 18 January 2026. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref>"I Will Not Be Participating in Elections Going Forward – Paul Lutamaguzi Semakula". ''howwe.ug''. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref>"Uganda elections 2016: Provisional parliamentary results". ''New Vision''. 17 February 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Ye [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|mubaka wa Palamenti]] eyalondebwa mu [[:en:Nakaseke_District|Ssaza ly'e Nakaseke ery'amaserenta]] <ref name="PKSL2">{{Cite web |title=LUTTAMAGUZI SEMAKULA KASANA PAULSON |url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=66 |publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]]}}</ref> era nga mukiise mu kibiina kya National Unity Platform (NUP), ekibiina ky’eby'obufuzi ekisinga obuto mu Uganda. <ref name="PKSL1">{{Cite web |date=15 January 2021 |title=Billions lost as Nakaseke tomato factory collapses |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Billions--Nakaseke-tomato-factory-collapses-Luweero/688334-3862808-6ymemu/index.html |publisher=[[Daily Monitor]]}}</ref> Mmemba ku ''[[:en:Parliamentary_Committees_of_the_United_Kingdom|kakiiko]] k'ebyensimbi, enteekateeka enkulaakulana y'ebyenfuna'' n'akakiiko ''akalonda abantu'' mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] . == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Luttamaguzi yazaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979.<ref>"Hon. Luttamaguzi Semakula Paulson Kasana". ''Members of Parliament Database''. Parliament of Uganda. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> eri omugenzi Luttamaguzi Mukiibi ne Cissy Nalunkuumae e Nakaseke . Yasomera mu ssomero lya Kitebi pulayimale. Mu siniya, yasomera Jinja College okumala akaseera katono, nga tanneeyunga ku ssomero lya Jinja Secondary gye yamalira O-level. Ku A-level, yasomera ku ssomero lya Luweero Secondary. Oluvannyuma yasoma naafuna diguli mu by'obusuubuzi mu yunivasite y’e Makerere. <ref>https://observer.ug/lifestyle/51677-i-am-politically-romantic-luttamaguzi</ref> == Era laba == * [[:en:Nakaseke_District|Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke]] * [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Ekibiina kya Democratic Party (Uganda) .]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] d91i1b0t4j6e4m6n94vt11utpf2n8ij 66743 66742 2026-08-05T15:10:16Z Ssebuufu 9882 Ntaddemu ekijuliziddwa 66743 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi''' (yazaalibwa nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979), munnabyabufuzi era omukugu mu by'enfuna Munnayuganda .[[:en:Public_administration|omuddukanya]] w'ebyensimbi era munnabyabufuzi. Yali mubaka wa Paalamenti eyakiikirira Nakaseke ey'obukiika ddyo okuva mu 2016-2026.<ref>"Luttamaguzi loses as parliamentary map shifts in Nakaseke, Nakasongola". ''The Independent Uganda''. 18 January 2026. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref>"I Will Not Be Participating in Elections Going Forward – Paul Lutamaguzi Semakula". ''howwe.ug''. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref>"Uganda elections 2016: Provisional parliamentary results". ''New Vision''. 17 February 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Ye [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|mubaka wa Palamenti]] eyalondebwa mu [[:en:Nakaseke_District|Ssaza ly'e Nakaseke ery'amaserenta]] <ref name="PKSL2">{{Cite web |title=LUTTAMAGUZI SEMAKULA KASANA PAULSON |url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=66 |publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]]}}</ref> era nga mukiise mu kibiina kya National Unity Platform (NUP), ekibiina ky’eby'obufuzi ekisinga obuto mu Uganda. <ref name="PKSL1">{{Cite web |date=15 January 2021 |title=Billions lost as Nakaseke tomato factory collapses |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Billions--Nakaseke-tomato-factory-collapses-Luweero/688334-3862808-6ymemu/index.html |publisher=[[Daily Monitor]]}}</ref> Mmemba ku ''[[:en:Parliamentary_Committees_of_the_United_Kingdom|kakiiko]] k'ebyensimbi, enteekateeka enkulaakulana y'ebyenfuna'' n'akakiiko ''akalonda abantu'' mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] . == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Luttamaguzi yazaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979.<ref>"Hon. Luttamaguzi Semakula Paulson Kasana". ''Members of Parliament Database''. Parliament of Uganda. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> eri omugenzi Luttamaguzi Mukiibi ne Cissy Nalunkuumae e Nakaseke . Yasomera mu ssomero lya Kitebi pulayimale. Mu siniya, yasomera Jinja College okumala akaseera katono, nga tanneeyunga ku ssomero lya Jinja Secondary gye yamalira O-level. Ku A-level, yasomera ku ssomero lya Luweero Secondary. Oluvannyuma yasoma naafuna diguli mu by'obusuubuzi mu yunivasite y’e Makerere. <ref>https://observer.ug/lifestyle/51677-i-am-politically-romantic-luttamaguzi</ref> == Era laba == * [[:en:Nakaseke_District|Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke]] * [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Ekibiina kya Democratic Party (Uganda) .]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] k417mkeq91kqcpkaw7fjmwq5ftt4igz 66744 66743 2026-08-05T15:11:18Z Ssebuufu 9882 66744 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi''' (yazaalibwa nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979), munnabyabufuzi era omukugu mu by'enfuna Munnayuganda .[[:en:Public_administration|omuddukanya]] w'ebyensimbi era munnabyabufuzi. Yali mubaka wa Paalamenti eyakiikirira Nakaseke ey'obukiika ddyo okuva mu 2016-2026.<ref>"Hon. Luttamaguzi Semakula Paulson Kasana". ''Members of Parliament Database''. Parliament of Uganda. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref>"Luttamaguzi loses as parliamentary map shifts in Nakaseke, Nakasongola". ''The Independent Uganda''. 18 January 2026. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref>"I Will Not Be Participating in Elections Going Forward – Paul Lutamaguzi Semakula". ''howwe.ug''. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref>"Uganda elections 2016: Provisional parliamentary results". ''New Vision''. 17 February 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Ye [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|mubaka wa Palamenti]] eyalondebwa mu [[:en:Nakaseke_District|Ssaza ly'e Nakaseke ery'amaserenta]] <ref name="PKSL2">{{Cite web |title=LUTTAMAGUZI SEMAKULA KASANA PAULSON |url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=66 |publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]]}}</ref> era nga mukiise mu kibiina kya National Unity Platform (NUP), ekibiina ky’eby'obufuzi ekisinga obuto mu Uganda. <ref name="PKSL1">{{Cite web |date=15 January 2021 |title=Billions lost as Nakaseke tomato factory collapses |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Billions--Nakaseke-tomato-factory-collapses-Luweero/688334-3862808-6ymemu/index.html |publisher=[[Daily Monitor]]}}</ref> Mmemba ku ''[[:en:Parliamentary_Committees_of_the_United_Kingdom|kakiiko]] k'ebyensimbi, enteekateeka enkulaakulana y'ebyenfuna'' n'akakiiko ''akalonda abantu'' mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] . == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Luttamaguzi yazaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979.<ref>"Hon. Luttamaguzi Semakula Paulson Kasana". ''Members of Parliament Database''. Parliament of Uganda. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> eri omugenzi Luttamaguzi Mukiibi ne Cissy Nalunkuumae e Nakaseke . Yasomera mu ssomero lya Kitebi pulayimale. Mu siniya, yasomera Jinja College okumala akaseera katono, nga tanneeyunga ku ssomero lya Jinja Secondary gye yamalira O-level. Ku A-level, yasomera ku ssomero lya Luweero Secondary. Oluvannyuma yasoma naafuna diguli mu by'obusuubuzi mu yunivasite y’e Makerere. <ref>https://observer.ug/lifestyle/51677-i-am-politically-romantic-luttamaguzi</ref> == Era laba == * [[:en:Nakaseke_District|Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke]] * [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Ekibiina kya Democratic Party (Uganda) .]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] 2iw8hkokp9v7nxaghu67rsg2le4h24z 66745 66744 2026-08-05T15:19:41Z Ssebuufu 9882 Ntaddemu ekijuliziddwa 66745 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi''' (yazaalibwa nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979), munnabyabufuzi era omukugu mu by'enfuna Munnayuganda .[[:en:Public_administration|omuddukanya]] w'ebyensimbi era munnabyabufuzi. Yali mubaka wa Paalamenti eyakiikirira Nakaseke ey'obukiika ddyo okuva mu 2016-2026.<ref>"Hon. Luttamaguzi Semakula Paulson Kasana". ''Members of Parliament Database''. Parliament of Uganda. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref>"Luttamaguzi loses as parliamentary map shifts in Nakaseke, Nakasongola". ''The Independent Uganda''. 18 January 2026. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref>"I Will Not Be Participating in Elections Going Forward – Paul Lutamaguzi Semakula". ''howwe.ug''. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref>"Uganda elections 2016: Provisional parliamentary results". ''New Vision''. 17 February 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Yaddamu okulondebwa mu kulonda kwa Paalamenti okwa 2021 ng'eyasim.bibwawo ekibiina kya Democratic Party (DP).<ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Ye [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|mubaka wa Palamenti]] eyalondebwa mu [[:en:Nakaseke_District|Ssaza ly'e Nakaseke ery'amaserenta]] <ref name="PKSL2">{{Cite web |title=LUTTAMAGUZI SEMAKULA KASANA PAULSON |url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=66 |publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]]}}</ref> era nga mukiise mu kibiina kya National Unity Platform (NUP), ekibiina ky’eby'obufuzi ekisinga obuto mu Uganda. <ref name="PKSL1">{{Cite web |date=15 January 2021 |title=Billions lost as Nakaseke tomato factory collapses |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Billions--Nakaseke-tomato-factory-collapses-Luweero/688334-3862808-6ymemu/index.html |publisher=[[Daily Monitor]]}}</ref> Mmemba ku ''[[:en:Parliamentary_Committees_of_the_United_Kingdom|kakiiko]] k'ebyensimbi, enteekateeka enkulaakulana y'ebyenfuna'' n'akakiiko ''akalonda abantu'' mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] . == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Luttamaguzi yazaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979.<ref>"Hon. Luttamaguzi Semakula Paulson Kasana". ''Members of Parliament Database''. Parliament of Uganda. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> eri omugenzi Luttamaguzi Mukiibi ne Cissy Nalunkuumae e Nakaseke . Yasomera mu ssomero lya Kitebi pulayimale. Mu siniya, yasomera Jinja College okumala akaseera katono, nga tanneeyunga ku ssomero lya Jinja Secondary gye yamalira O-level. Ku A-level, yasomera ku ssomero lya Luweero Secondary. Oluvannyuma yasoma naafuna diguli mu by'obusuubuzi mu yunivasite y’e Makerere. <ref>https://observer.ug/lifestyle/51677-i-am-politically-romantic-luttamaguzi</ref> == Era laba == * [[:en:Nakaseke_District|Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke]] * [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Ekibiina kya Democratic Party (Uganda) .]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] hei58wbyi814ahi50hmg4fcoksz7p2q 66746 66745 2026-08-05T15:24:51Z Ssebuufu 9882 Ngasseeko ekijuliziddwa 66746 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi''' (yazaalibwa nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979), munnabyabufuzi era omukugu mu by'enfuna Munnayuganda .[[:en:Public_administration|omuddukanya]] w'ebyensimbi era munnabyabufuzi. Yali mubaka wa Paalamenti eyakiikirira Nakaseke ey'obukiika ddyo okuva mu 2016-2026.<ref>"Hon. Luttamaguzi Semakula Paulson Kasana". ''Members of Parliament Database''. Parliament of Uganda. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref>"Luttamaguzi loses as parliamentary map shifts in Nakaseke, Nakasongola". ''The Independent Uganda''. 18 January 2026. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref>"I Will Not Be Participating in Elections Going Forward – Paul Lutamaguzi Semakula". ''howwe.ug''. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref>"Uganda elections 2016: Provisional parliamentary results". ''New Vision''. 17 February 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Yaddamu okulondebwa mu kulonda kwa Paalamenti okwa 2021 ng'eyasim.bibwawo ekibiina kya Democratic Party (DP).<ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref>Mu Gwokuna 2025 olupapula lwa Daily Monitor lwategeeza nti yali avudde mu kibiina kya DP nadda mu National Unity Platform.<ref>"Will Luttamaguzi's new party keep NRM at bay in Nakaseke?". ''Daily Monitor''. 16 April 2025. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Ye [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|mubaka wa Palamenti]] eyalondebwa mu [[:en:Nakaseke_District|Ssaza ly'e Nakaseke ery'amaserenta]] <ref name="PKSL2">{{Cite web |title=LUTTAMAGUZI SEMAKULA KASANA PAULSON |url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=66 |publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]]}}</ref> era nga mukiise mu kibiina kya National Unity Platform (NUP), ekibiina ky’eby'obufuzi ekisinga obuto mu Uganda. <ref name="PKSL1">{{Cite web |date=15 January 2021 |title=Billions lost as Nakaseke tomato factory collapses |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Billions--Nakaseke-tomato-factory-collapses-Luweero/688334-3862808-6ymemu/index.html |publisher=[[Daily Monitor]]}}</ref> Mmemba ku ''[[:en:Parliamentary_Committees_of_the_United_Kingdom|kakiiko]] k'ebyensimbi, enteekateeka enkulaakulana y'ebyenfuna'' n'akakiiko ''akalonda abantu'' mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] . == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Luttamaguzi yazaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979.<ref>"Hon. Luttamaguzi Semakula Paulson Kasana". ''Members of Parliament Database''. Parliament of Uganda. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> eri omugenzi Luttamaguzi Mukiibi ne Cissy Nalunkuumae e Nakaseke . Yasomera mu ssomero lya Kitebi pulayimale. Mu siniya, yasomera Jinja College okumala akaseera katono, nga tanneeyunga ku ssomero lya Jinja Secondary gye yamalira O-level. Ku A-level, yasomera ku ssomero lya Luweero Secondary. Oluvannyuma yasoma naafuna diguli mu by'obusuubuzi mu yunivasite y’e Makerere. <ref>https://observer.ug/lifestyle/51677-i-am-politically-romantic-luttamaguzi</ref> == Era laba == * [[:en:Nakaseke_District|Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke]] * [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Ekibiina kya Democratic Party (Uganda) .]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] nw5buclogs2bmn595e8xk96zu3q3kgh 66747 66746 2026-08-05T15:25:32Z Ssebuufu 9882 66747 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi''' (yazaalibwa nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979), munnabyabufuzi era omukugu mu by'enfuna Munnayuganda .[[:en:Public_administration|omuddukanya]] w'ebyensimbi era munnabyabufuzi. Yali mubaka wa Paalamenti eyakiikirira Nakaseke ey'obukiika ddyo okuva mu 2016-2026.<ref>"Hon. Luttamaguzi Semakula Paulson Kasana". ''Members of Parliament Database''. Parliament of Uganda. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref>"Luttamaguzi loses as parliamentary map shifts in Nakaseke, Nakasongola". ''The Independent Uganda''. 18 January 2026. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref>"I Will Not Be Participating in Elections Going Forward – Paul Lutamaguzi Semakula". ''howwe.ug''. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref>"Uganda elections 2016: Provisional parliamentary results". ''New Vision''. 17 February 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Yaddamu okulondebwa mu kulonda kwa Paalamenti okwa 2021 ng'eyasim.bibwawo ekibiina kya Democratic Party (DP).<ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref>Mu Gwokuna 2025 olupapula lwa Daily Monitor lwategeeza nti yali avudde mu kibiina kya DP nadda mu [[National Unity Platform]].<ref>"Will Luttamaguzi's new party keep NRM at bay in Nakaseke?". ''Daily Monitor''. 16 April 2025. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Ye [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|mubaka wa Palamenti]] eyalondebwa mu [[:en:Nakaseke_District|Ssaza ly'e Nakaseke ery'amaserenta]] <ref name="PKSL2">{{Cite web |title=LUTTAMAGUZI SEMAKULA KASANA PAULSON |url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=66 |publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]]}}</ref> era nga mukiise mu kibiina kya National Unity Platform (NUP), ekibiina ky’eby'obufuzi ekisinga obuto mu Uganda. <ref name="PKSL1">{{Cite web |date=15 January 2021 |title=Billions lost as Nakaseke tomato factory collapses |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Billions--Nakaseke-tomato-factory-collapses-Luweero/688334-3862808-6ymemu/index.html |publisher=[[Daily Monitor]]}}</ref> Mmemba ku ''[[:en:Parliamentary_Committees_of_the_United_Kingdom|kakiiko]] k'ebyensimbi, enteekateeka enkulaakulana y'ebyenfuna'' n'akakiiko ''akalonda abantu'' mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] . == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Luttamaguzi yazaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979.<ref>"Hon. Luttamaguzi Semakula Paulson Kasana". ''Members of Parliament Database''. Parliament of Uganda. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> eri omugenzi Luttamaguzi Mukiibi ne Cissy Nalunkuumae e Nakaseke . Yasomera mu ssomero lya Kitebi pulayimale. Mu siniya, yasomera Jinja College okumala akaseera katono, nga tanneeyunga ku ssomero lya Jinja Secondary gye yamalira O-level. Ku A-level, yasomera ku ssomero lya Luweero Secondary. Oluvannyuma yasoma naafuna diguli mu by'obusuubuzi mu yunivasite y’e Makerere. <ref>https://observer.ug/lifestyle/51677-i-am-politically-romantic-luttamaguzi</ref> == Era laba == * [[:en:Nakaseke_District|Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke]] * [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Ekibiina kya Democratic Party (Uganda) .]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] nn63groxf843d33mqiou4qeyayogn7b 66748 66747 2026-08-05T15:27:26Z Ssebuufu 9882 66748 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi''' (yazaalibwa nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979), munnabyabufuzi era omukugu mu by'enfuna Munnayuganda .[[:en:Public_administration|omuddukanya]] w'ebyensimbi era munnabyabufuzi. Yali mubaka wa Paalamenti eyakiikirira [[Nakaseke (disitulikit)|Nakaseke]] ey'obukiika ddyo okuva mu 2016-2026.<ref>"Hon. Luttamaguzi Semakula Paulson Kasana". ''Members of Parliament Database''. Parliament of Uganda. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref>"Luttamaguzi loses as parliamentary map shifts in Nakaseke, Nakasongola". ''The Independent Uganda''. 18 January 2026. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref>"I Will Not Be Participating in Elections Going Forward – Paul Lutamaguzi Semakula". ''howwe.ug''. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref>"Uganda elections 2016: Provisional parliamentary results". ''New Vision''. 17 February 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Yaddamu okulondebwa mu kulonda kwa Paalamenti okwa 2021 ng'eyasim.bibwawo ekibiina kya Democratic Party (DP).<ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref>Mu Gwokuna 2025 olupapula lwa Daily Monitor lwategeeza nti yali avudde mu kibiina kya DP nadda mu [[National Unity Platform]].<ref>"Will Luttamaguzi's new party keep NRM at bay in Nakaseke?". ''Daily Monitor''. 16 April 2025. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Ye [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|mubaka wa Palamenti]] eyalondebwa mu [[:en:Nakaseke_District|Ssaza ly'e Nakaseke ery'amaserenta]] <ref name="PKSL2">{{Cite web |title=LUTTAMAGUZI SEMAKULA KASANA PAULSON |url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=66 |publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]]}}</ref> era nga mukiise mu kibiina kya National Unity Platform (NUP), ekibiina ky’eby'obufuzi ekisinga obuto mu Uganda. <ref name="PKSL1">{{Cite web |date=15 January 2021 |title=Billions lost as Nakaseke tomato factory collapses |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Billions--Nakaseke-tomato-factory-collapses-Luweero/688334-3862808-6ymemu/index.html |publisher=[[Daily Monitor]]}}</ref> Mmemba ku ''[[:en:Parliamentary_Committees_of_the_United_Kingdom|kakiiko]] k'ebyensimbi, enteekateeka enkulaakulana y'ebyenfuna'' n'akakiiko ''akalonda abantu'' mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] . == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Luttamaguzi yazaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979.<ref>"Hon. Luttamaguzi Semakula Paulson Kasana". ''Members of Parliament Database''. Parliament of Uganda. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> eri omugenzi Luttamaguzi Mukiibi ne Cissy Nalunkuumae e Nakaseke . Yasomera mu ssomero lya Kitebi pulayimale. Mu siniya, yasomera Jinja College okumala akaseera katono, nga tanneeyunga ku ssomero lya Jinja Secondary gye yamalira O-level. Ku A-level, yasomera ku ssomero lya Luweero Secondary. Oluvannyuma yasoma naafuna diguli mu by'obusuubuzi mu yunivasite y’e Makerere. <ref>https://observer.ug/lifestyle/51677-i-am-politically-romantic-luttamaguzi</ref> == Era laba == * [[:en:Nakaseke_District|Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke]] * [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Ekibiina kya Democratic Party (Uganda) .]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] fo2qr24tklz7lu06uqz7gbx530kokrb 66749 66748 2026-08-05T15:29:19Z Ssebuufu 9882 66749 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi''' (yazaalibwa nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979), munnabyabufuzi era omukugu mu by'enfuna Munnayuganda .[[:en:Public_administration|omuddukanya]] w'ebyensimbi era munnabyabufuzi. Yali mubaka wa Paalamenti eyakiikirira [[Nakaseke (disitulikit)|Nakaseke]] ey'obukiika ddyo okuva mu 2016-2026.<ref>"Hon. Luttamaguzi Semakula Paulson Kasana". ''Members of Parliament Database''. Parliament of Uganda. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref>"Luttamaguzi loses as parliamentary map shifts in Nakaseke, Nakasongola". ''The Independent Uganda''. 18 January 2026. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref>"I Will Not Be Participating in Elections Going Forward – Paul Lutamaguzi Semakula". ''howwe.ug''. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref>"Uganda elections 2016: Provisional parliamentary results". ''New Vision''. 17 February 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Yaddamu okulondebwa mu kulonda kwa Paalamenti okwa 2021 ng'eyasimbibwawo ekibiina kya Democratic Party (DP).<ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref>Mu Gwokuna 2025 olupapula lwa Daily Monitor lwategeeza nti yali avudde mu kibiina kya DP nadda mu [[National Unity Platform]].<ref>"Will Luttamaguzi's new party keep NRM at bay in Nakaseke?". ''Daily Monitor''. 16 April 2025. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Ye [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|mubaka wa Palamenti]] eyalondebwa mu [[:en:Nakaseke_District|Ssaza ly'e Nakaseke ery'amaserenta]] <ref name="PKSL2">{{Cite web |title=LUTTAMAGUZI SEMAKULA KASANA PAULSON |url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=66 |publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]]}}</ref> era nga mukiise mu kibiina kya National Unity Platform (NUP), ekibiina ky’eby'obufuzi ekisinga obuto mu Uganda. <ref name="PKSL1">{{Cite web |date=15 January 2021 |title=Billions lost as Nakaseke tomato factory collapses |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Billions--Nakaseke-tomato-factory-collapses-Luweero/688334-3862808-6ymemu/index.html |publisher=[[Daily Monitor]]}}</ref> Mmemba ku ''[[:en:Parliamentary_Committees_of_the_United_Kingdom|kakiiko]] k'ebyensimbi, enteekateeka enkulaakulana y'ebyenfuna'' n'akakiiko ''akalonda abantu'' mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] . == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Luttamaguzi yazaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979.<ref>"Hon. Luttamaguzi Semakula Paulson Kasana". ''Members of Parliament Database''. Parliament of Uganda. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> eri omugenzi Luttamaguzi Mukiibi ne Cissy Nalunkuumae e Nakaseke . Yasomera mu ssomero lya Kitebi pulayimale. Mu siniya, yasomera Jinja College okumala akaseera katono, nga tanneeyunga ku ssomero lya Jinja Secondary gye yamalira O-level. Ku A-level, yasomera ku ssomero lya Luweero Secondary. Oluvannyuma yasoma naafuna diguli mu by'obusuubuzi mu yunivasite y’e Makerere. <ref>https://observer.ug/lifestyle/51677-i-am-politically-romantic-luttamaguzi</ref> == Era laba == * [[:en:Nakaseke_District|Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke]] * [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Ekibiina kya Democratic Party (Uganda) .]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] 4gp2yovqgept6eldtytv7e2wo6svcbd 66750 66749 2026-08-05T15:54:53Z Ssebuufu 9882 Ngasseeko ekijuliziddwa 66750 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi''' (yazaalibwa nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979), munnabyabufuzi era omukugu mu by'enfuna Munnayuganda .[[:en:Public_administration|omuddukanya]] w'ebyensimbi era munnabyabufuzi. Yali mubaka wa Paalamenti eyakiikirira [[Nakaseke (disitulikit)|Nakaseke]] ey'obukiika ddyo okuva mu 2016-2026.<ref>"Hon. Luttamaguzi Semakula Paulson Kasana". ''Members of Parliament Database''. Parliament of Uganda. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref>"Luttamaguzi loses as parliamentary map shifts in Nakaseke, Nakasongola". ''The Independent Uganda''. 18 January 2026. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref>"I Will Not Be Participating in Elections Going Forward – Paul Lutamaguzi Semakula". ''howwe.ug''. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref>"Uganda elections 2016: Provisional parliamentary results". ''New Vision''. 17 February 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Yaddamu okulondebwa mu kulonda kwa Paalamenti okwa 2021 ng'eyasimbibwawo ekibiina kya Democratic Party (DP).<ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref>Mu Gwokuna 2025 olupapula lwa Daily Monitor lwategeeza nti yali avudde mu kibiina kya DP nadda mu [[National Unity Platform]].<ref>"Will Luttamaguzi's new party keep NRM at bay in Nakaseke?". ''Daily Monitor''. 16 April 2025. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Mu kulonda kw'ababaka ba Paalamenti okw'Ogwoluberyeberye 2026,Charles Nsereko Bassajjassubi yalangirirwa ku buwanguzi bw'ekifo ky'e Nakaseke ey'obukiika ddyo n'obululu 30,279 ng'amegga Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi eyali mu kifo ekyo eyakunἠἠanya obululu 18,123 .<ref>"After All the History Against Him, NUP's Luttamaguzi Says Baganda Ready to Apologize to Obote Through Akena". ''mulengeranews.com''. 28 February 2026. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref> Ye [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|mubaka wa Palamenti]] eyalondebwa mu [[:en:Nakaseke_District|Ssaza ly'e Nakaseke ery'amaserenta]] <ref name="PKSL2">{{Cite web |title=LUTTAMAGUZI SEMAKULA KASANA PAULSON |url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=66 |publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]]}}</ref> era nga mukiise mu kibiina kya National Unity Platform (NUP), ekibiina ky’eby'obufuzi ekisinga obuto mu Uganda. <ref name="PKSL1">{{Cite web |date=15 January 2021 |title=Billions lost as Nakaseke tomato factory collapses |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Billions--Nakaseke-tomato-factory-collapses-Luweero/688334-3862808-6ymemu/index.html |publisher=[[Daily Monitor]]}}</ref> Mmemba ku ''[[:en:Parliamentary_Committees_of_the_United_Kingdom|kakiiko]] k'ebyensimbi, enteekateeka enkulaakulana y'ebyenfuna'' n'akakiiko ''akalonda abantu'' mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] . == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Luttamaguzi yazaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979.<ref>"Hon. Luttamaguzi Semakula Paulson Kasana". ''Members of Parliament Database''. Parliament of Uganda. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> eri omugenzi Luttamaguzi Mukiibi ne Cissy Nalunkuumae e Nakaseke . Yasomera mu ssomero lya Kitebi pulayimale. Mu siniya, yasomera Jinja College okumala akaseera katono, nga tanneeyunga ku ssomero lya Jinja Secondary gye yamalira O-level. Ku A-level, yasomera ku ssomero lya Luweero Secondary. Oluvannyuma yasoma naafuna diguli mu by'obusuubuzi mu yunivasite y’e Makerere. <ref>https://observer.ug/lifestyle/51677-i-am-politically-romantic-luttamaguzi</ref> == Era laba == * [[:en:Nakaseke_District|Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke]] * [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Ekibiina kya Democratic Party (Uganda) .]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] drbg6njnvhcrch5fn0xh7omwxxfok5i 66751 66750 2026-08-05T15:56:00Z Ssebuufu 9882 Ntaddemu ekijuliziddwa 66751 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi''' (yazaalibwa nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979), munnabyabufuzi era omukugu mu by'enfuna Munnayuganda .[[:en:Public_administration|omuddukanya]] w'ebyensimbi era munnabyabufuzi. Yali mubaka wa Paalamenti eyakiikirira [[Nakaseke (disitulikit)|Nakaseke]] ey'obukiika ddyo okuva mu 2016-2026.<ref>"Hon. Luttamaguzi Semakula Paulson Kasana". ''Members of Parliament Database''. Parliament of Uganda. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref name=":0">"Luttamaguzi loses as parliamentary map shifts in Nakaseke, Nakasongola". ''The Independent Uganda''. 18 January 2026. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>"I Will Not Be Participating in Elections Going Forward – Paul Lutamaguzi Semakula". ''howwe.ug''. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref>"Uganda elections 2016: Provisional parliamentary results". ''New Vision''. 17 February 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Yaddamu okulondebwa mu kulonda kwa Paalamenti okwa 2021 ng'eyasimbibwawo ekibiina kya Democratic Party (DP).<ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref>Mu Gwokuna 2025 olupapula lwa Daily Monitor lwategeeza nti yali avudde mu kibiina kya DP nadda mu [[National Unity Platform]].<ref>"Will Luttamaguzi's new party keep NRM at bay in Nakaseke?". ''Daily Monitor''. 16 April 2025. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Mu kulonda kw'ababaka ba Paalamenti okw'Ogwoluberyeberye 2026,Charles Nsereko Bassajjassubi yalangirirwa ku buwanguzi bw'ekifo ky'e Nakaseke ey'obukiika ddyo n'obululu 30,279 ng'amegga Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi eyali mu kifo ekyo eyakunἠἠanya obululu 18,123 .<ref>"After All the History Against Him, NUP's Luttamaguzi Says Baganda Ready to Apologize to Obote Through Akena". ''mulengeranews.com''. 28 February 2026. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref> Ye [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|mubaka wa Palamenti]] eyalondebwa mu [[:en:Nakaseke_District|Ssaza ly'e Nakaseke ery'amaserenta]] <ref name="PKSL2">{{Cite web |title=LUTTAMAGUZI SEMAKULA KASANA PAULSON |url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=66 |publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]]}}</ref> era nga mukiise mu kibiina kya National Unity Platform (NUP), ekibiina ky’eby'obufuzi ekisinga obuto mu Uganda. <ref name="PKSL1">{{Cite web |date=15 January 2021 |title=Billions lost as Nakaseke tomato factory collapses |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Billions--Nakaseke-tomato-factory-collapses-Luweero/688334-3862808-6ymemu/index.html |publisher=[[Daily Monitor]]}}</ref> Mmemba ku ''[[:en:Parliamentary_Committees_of_the_United_Kingdom|kakiiko]] k'ebyensimbi, enteekateeka enkulaakulana y'ebyenfuna'' n'akakiiko ''akalonda abantu'' mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] . == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Luttamaguzi yazaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979.<ref>"Hon. Luttamaguzi Semakula Paulson Kasana". ''Members of Parliament Database''. Parliament of Uganda. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> eri omugenzi Luttamaguzi Mukiibi ne Cissy Nalunkuumae e Nakaseke . Yasomera mu ssomero lya Kitebi pulayimale. Mu siniya, yasomera Jinja College okumala akaseera katono, nga tanneeyunga ku ssomero lya Jinja Secondary gye yamalira O-level. Ku A-level, yasomera ku ssomero lya Luweero Secondary. Oluvannyuma yasoma naafuna diguli mu by'obusuubuzi mu yunivasite y’e Makerere. <ref>https://observer.ug/lifestyle/51677-i-am-politically-romantic-luttamaguzi</ref> == Era laba == * [[:en:Nakaseke_District|Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke]] * [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Ekibiina kya Democratic Party (Uganda) .]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] elfn823n0qocz2ymja5h8jeggm4fsuv 66752 66751 2026-08-05T15:57:01Z Ssebuufu 9882 Ntaddemu ekijuliziddwa 66752 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi''' (yazaalibwa nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979), munnabyabufuzi era omukugu mu by'enfuna Munnayuganda .[[:en:Public_administration|omuddukanya]] w'ebyensimbi era munnabyabufuzi. Yali mubaka wa Paalamenti eyakiikirira [[Nakaseke (disitulikit)|Nakaseke]] ey'obukiika ddyo okuva mu 2016-2026.<ref>"Hon. Luttamaguzi Semakula Paulson Kasana". ''Members of Parliament Database''. Parliament of Uganda. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref name=":0">"Luttamaguzi loses as parliamentary map shifts in Nakaseke, Nakasongola". ''The Independent Uganda''. 18 January 2026. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>"I Will Not Be Participating in Elections Going Forward – Paul Lutamaguzi Semakula". ''howwe.ug''. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref>"Uganda elections 2016: Provisional parliamentary results". ''New Vision''. 17 February 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Yaddamu okulondebwa mu kulonda kwa Paalamenti okwa 2021 ng'eyasimbibwawo ekibiina kya Democratic Party (DP).<ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref>Mu Gwokuna 2025 olupapula lwa Daily Monitor lwategeeza nti yali avudde mu kibiina kya DP nadda mu [[National Unity Platform]].<ref>"Will Luttamaguzi's new party keep NRM at bay in Nakaseke?". ''Daily Monitor''. 16 April 2025. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Mu kulonda kw'ababaka ba Paalamenti okw'Ogwoluberyeberye 2026,Charles Nsereko Bassajjassubi yalangirirwa ku buwanguzi bw'ekifo ky'e Nakaseke ey'obukiika ddyo n'obululu 30,279 ng'amegga Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi eyali mu kifo ekyo eyakunἠἠanya obululu 18,123 .<ref>"After All the History Against Him, NUP's Luttamaguzi Says Baganda Ready to Apologize to Obote Through Akena". ''mulengeranews.com''. 28 February 2026. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref name=":0" /> Ye [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|mubaka wa Palamenti]] eyalondebwa mu [[:en:Nakaseke_District|Ssaza ly'e Nakaseke ery'amaserenta]] <ref name="PKSL2">{{Cite web |title=LUTTAMAGUZI SEMAKULA KASANA PAULSON |url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=66 |publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]]}}</ref> era nga mukiise mu kibiina kya National Unity Platform (NUP), ekibiina ky’eby'obufuzi ekisinga obuto mu Uganda. <ref name="PKSL1">{{Cite web |date=15 January 2021 |title=Billions lost as Nakaseke tomato factory collapses |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Billions--Nakaseke-tomato-factory-collapses-Luweero/688334-3862808-6ymemu/index.html |publisher=[[Daily Monitor]]}}</ref> Mmemba ku ''[[:en:Parliamentary_Committees_of_the_United_Kingdom|kakiiko]] k'ebyensimbi, enteekateeka enkulaakulana y'ebyenfuna'' n'akakiiko ''akalonda abantu'' mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] . == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Luttamaguzi yazaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979.<ref>"Hon. Luttamaguzi Semakula Paulson Kasana". ''Members of Parliament Database''. Parliament of Uganda. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> eri omugenzi Luttamaguzi Mukiibi ne Cissy Nalunkuumae e Nakaseke . Yasomera mu ssomero lya Kitebi pulayimale. Mu siniya, yasomera Jinja College okumala akaseera katono, nga tanneeyunga ku ssomero lya Jinja Secondary gye yamalira O-level. Ku A-level, yasomera ku ssomero lya Luweero Secondary. Oluvannyuma yasoma naafuna diguli mu by'obusuubuzi mu yunivasite y’e Makerere. <ref>https://observer.ug/lifestyle/51677-i-am-politically-romantic-luttamaguzi</ref> == Era laba == * [[:en:Nakaseke_District|Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke]] * [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Ekibiina kya Democratic Party (Uganda) .]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] j8n2spfh4iwygkiu7iveo55suj950j6 66753 66752 2026-08-05T15:58:21Z Ssebuufu 9882 Ntaddemu ekijuliziddwa 66753 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi''' (yazaalibwa nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979), munnabyabufuzi era omukugu mu by'enfuna Munnayuganda .[[:en:Public_administration|omuddukanya]] w'ebyensimbi era munnabyabufuzi. Yali mubaka wa Paalamenti eyakiikirira [[Nakaseke (disitulikit)|Nakaseke]] ey'obukiika ddyo okuva mu 2016-2026.<ref>"Hon. Luttamaguzi Semakula Paulson Kasana". ''Members of Parliament Database''. Parliament of Uganda. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref name=":0">"Luttamaguzi loses as parliamentary map shifts in Nakaseke, Nakasongola". ''The Independent Uganda''. 18 January 2026. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref name=":1">"I Will Not Be Participating in Elections Going Forward – Paul Lutamaguzi Semakula". ''howwe.ug''. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref>"Uganda elections 2016: Provisional parliamentary results". ''New Vision''. 17 February 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Yaddamu okulondebwa mu kulonda kwa Paalamenti okwa 2021 ng'eyasimbibwawo ekibiina kya Democratic Party (DP).<ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref>Mu Gwokuna 2025 olupapula lwa Daily Monitor lwategeeza nti yali avudde mu kibiina kya DP nadda mu [[National Unity Platform]].<ref>"Will Luttamaguzi's new party keep NRM at bay in Nakaseke?". ''Daily Monitor''. 16 April 2025. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Mu kulonda kw'ababaka ba Paalamenti okw'Ogwoluberyeberye 2026,Charles Nsereko Bassajjassubi yalangirirwa ku buwanguzi bw'ekifo ky'e Nakaseke ey'obukiika ddyo n'obululu 30,279 ng'amegga Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi eyali mu kifo ekyo eyakunἠἠanya obululu 18,123 .<ref>"After All the History Against Him, NUP's Luttamaguzi Says Baganda Ready to Apologize to Obote Through Akena". ''mulengeranews.com''. 28 February 2026. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Ye [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|mubaka wa Palamenti]] eyalondebwa mu [[:en:Nakaseke_District|Ssaza ly'e Nakaseke ery'amaserenta]] <ref name="PKSL2">{{Cite web |title=LUTTAMAGUZI SEMAKULA KASANA PAULSON |url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=66 |publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]]}}</ref> era nga mukiise mu kibiina kya National Unity Platform (NUP), ekibiina ky’eby'obufuzi ekisinga obuto mu Uganda. <ref name="PKSL1">{{Cite web |date=15 January 2021 |title=Billions lost as Nakaseke tomato factory collapses |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Billions--Nakaseke-tomato-factory-collapses-Luweero/688334-3862808-6ymemu/index.html |publisher=[[Daily Monitor]]}}</ref> Mmemba ku ''[[:en:Parliamentary_Committees_of_the_United_Kingdom|kakiiko]] k'ebyensimbi, enteekateeka enkulaakulana y'ebyenfuna'' n'akakiiko ''akalonda abantu'' mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] . == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Luttamaguzi yazaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979.<ref>"Hon. Luttamaguzi Semakula Paulson Kasana". ''Members of Parliament Database''. Parliament of Uganda. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> eri omugenzi Luttamaguzi Mukiibi ne Cissy Nalunkuumae e Nakaseke . Yasomera mu ssomero lya Kitebi pulayimale. Mu siniya, yasomera Jinja College okumala akaseera katono, nga tanneeyunga ku ssomero lya Jinja Secondary gye yamalira O-level. Ku A-level, yasomera ku ssomero lya Luweero Secondary. Oluvannyuma yasoma naafuna diguli mu by'obusuubuzi mu yunivasite y’e Makerere. <ref>https://observer.ug/lifestyle/51677-i-am-politically-romantic-luttamaguzi</ref> == Era laba == * [[:en:Nakaseke_District|Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke]] * [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Ekibiina kya Democratic Party (Uganda) .]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] st8r1zwhqk5bsymvf8xe6j7e8l45y8j 66754 66753 2026-08-05T15:59:53Z Ssebuufu 9882 66754 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi''' (yazaalibwa nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979), munnabyabufuzi era omukugu mu by'enfuna Munnayuganda .[[:en:Public_administration|omuddukanya]] w'ebyensimbi era munnabyabufuzi. Yali mubaka wa Paalamenti eyakiikirira [[Nakaseke (disitulikit)|Nakaseke]] ey'obukiika ddyo okuva mu 2016-2026.<ref>"Hon. Luttamaguzi Semakula Paulson Kasana". ''Members of Parliament Database''. Parliament of Uganda. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref name=":0">"Luttamaguzi loses as parliamentary map shifts in Nakaseke, Nakasongola". ''The Independent Uganda''. 18 January 2026. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref name=":1">"I Will Not Be Participating in Elections Going Forward – Paul Lutamaguzi Semakula". ''howwe.ug''. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref>"Uganda elections 2016: Provisional parliamentary results". ''New Vision''. 17 February 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Yaddamu okulondebwa mu kulonda kwa Paalamenti okwa 2021 ng'eyasimbibwawo ekibiina kya Democratic Party (DP).<ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref>Mu Gwokuna 2025 olupapula lwa Daily Monitor lwategeeza nti yali avudde mu kibiina kya DP nadda mu [[National Unity Platform]].<ref>"Will Luttamaguzi's new party keep NRM at bay in Nakaseke?". ''Daily Monitor''. 16 April 2025. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Mu kulonda kw'ababaka ba Paalamenti okw'Ogwoluberyeberye 2026,Charles Nsereko Bassajjassubi yalangirirwa ku buwanguzi bw'ekifo ky'e Nakaseke ey'obukiika ddyo n'obululu 30,279 ng'amegga Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi eyali mu kifo ekyo eyakunἠἠanya obululu 18,123 .<ref>"After All the History Against Him, NUP's Luttamaguzi Says Baganda Ready to Apologize to Obote Through Akena". ''mulengeranews.com''. 28 February 2026. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>"MP Ssempala Mbuga loses Nakaseke Seat". ''Uganda Radionetwork''. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Luttamaguzi yazaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979.<ref>"Hon. Luttamaguzi Semakula Paulson Kasana". ''Members of Parliament Database''. Parliament of Uganda. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> eri omugenzi Luttamaguzi Mukiibi ne Cissy Nalunkuumae e Nakaseke . Yasomera mu ssomero lya Kitebi pulayimale. Mu siniya, yasomera Jinja College okumala akaseera katono, nga tanneeyunga ku ssomero lya Jinja Secondary gye yamalira O-level. Ku A-level, yasomera ku ssomero lya Luweero Secondary. Oluvannyuma yasoma naafuna diguli mu by'obusuubuzi mu yunivasite y’e Makerere. <ref>https://observer.ug/lifestyle/51677-i-am-politically-romantic-luttamaguzi</ref> == Era laba == * [[:en:Nakaseke_District|Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke]] * [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Ekibiina kya Democratic Party (Uganda) .]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] bufogr1tng9idcb7p5sz7mb1qacxfr9 66755 66754 2026-08-05T17:16:53Z Ssebuufu 9882 66755 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi''' (yazaalibwa nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979), munnabyabufuzi era omukugu mu by'enfuna Munnayuganda .[[:en:Public_administration|omuddukanya]] w'ebyensimbi era munnabyabufuzi. Yali mubaka wa Paalamenti eyakiikirira [[Nakaseke (disitulikit)|Nakaseke]] ey'obukiika ddyo okuva mu 2016-2026.<ref>"Hon. Luttamaguzi Semakula Paulson Kasana". ''Members of Parliament Database''. Parliament of Uganda. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref name=":0">"Luttamaguzi loses as parliamentary map shifts in Nakaseke, Nakasongola". ''The Independent Uganda''. 18 January 2026. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref name=":1">"I Will Not Be Participating in Elections Going Forward – Paul Lutamaguzi Semakula". ''howwe.ug''. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref>"Uganda elections 2016: Provisional parliamentary results". ''New Vision''. 17 February 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Yaddamu okulondebwa mu kulonda kwa Paalamenti okwa 2021 ng'eyasimbibwawo ekibiina kya Democratic Party (DP).<ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref>Mu Gwokuna 2025 olupapula lwa Daily Monitor lwategeeza nti yali avudde mu kibiina kya DP nadda mu [[National Unity Platform]].<ref>"Will Luttamaguzi's new party keep NRM at bay in Nakaseke?". ''Daily Monitor''. 16 April 2025. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Mu kulonda kw'ababaka ba Paalamenti okw'Ogwoluberyeberye 2026,Charles Nsereko Bassajjassubi yalangirirwa ku buwanguzi bw'ekifo ky'e Nakaseke ey'obukiika ddyo n'obululu 30,279 ng'amegga Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi eyali mu kifo ekyo eyakunἠἠanya obululu 18,123 .<ref>"After All the History Against Him, NUP's Luttamaguzi Says Baganda Ready to Apologize to Obote Through Akena". ''mulengeranews.com''. 28 February 2026. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>"MP Ssempala Mbuga loses Nakaseke Seat". ''Uganda Radionetwork''. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Luttamaguzi yazaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979.<ref>"Hon. Luttamaguzi Semakula Paulson Kasana". ''Members of Parliament Database''. Parliament of Uganda. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> eri omugenzi Luttamaguzi Mukiibi ne Cissy Nalunkuume e Nakaseke . Yasomera mu ssomero lya Kitebi pulayimale. Mu siniya, yasomera Jinja College okumala akaseera katono, nga tanneeyunga ku ssomero lya Jinja Secondary gye yamalira O-level. Ku A-level, yasomera ku ssomero lya Luweero Secondary. Oluvannyuma yasoma naafuna diguli mu by'obusuubuzi mu yunivasite y’e Makerere. <ref>https://observer.ug/lifestyle/51677-i-am-politically-romantic-luttamaguzi</ref> == Era laba == * [[:en:Nakaseke_District|Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke]] * [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Ekibiina kya Democratic Party (Uganda) .]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] 31t6s3j4he8cto7z76swlw9yvl0v4ad 66763 66755 2026-08-05T17:22:58Z Ssebuufu 9882 /* Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe */ 66763 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi''' (yazaalibwa nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979), munnabyabufuzi era omukugu mu by'enfuna Munnayuganda .[[:en:Public_administration|omuddukanya]] w'ebyensimbi era munnabyabufuzi. Yali mubaka wa Paalamenti eyakiikirira [[Nakaseke (disitulikit)|Nakaseke]] ey'obukiika ddyo okuva mu 2016-2026.<ref name=":2">"Hon. Luttamaguzi Semakula Paulson Kasana". ''Members of Parliament Database''. Parliament of Uganda. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref name=":0">"Luttamaguzi loses as parliamentary map shifts in Nakaseke, Nakasongola". ''The Independent Uganda''. 18 January 2026. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref name=":1">"I Will Not Be Participating in Elections Going Forward – Paul Lutamaguzi Semakula". ''howwe.ug''. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref>"Uganda elections 2016: Provisional parliamentary results". ''New Vision''. 17 February 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Yaddamu okulondebwa mu kulonda kwa Paalamenti okwa 2021 ng'eyasimbibwawo ekibiina kya Democratic Party (DP).<ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref>Mu Gwokuna 2025 olupapula lwa Daily Monitor lwategeeza nti yali avudde mu kibiina kya DP nadda mu [[National Unity Platform]].<ref>"Will Luttamaguzi's new party keep NRM at bay in Nakaseke?". ''Daily Monitor''. 16 April 2025. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Mu kulonda kw'ababaka ba Paalamenti okw'Ogwoluberyeberye 2026,Charles Nsereko Bassajjassubi yalangirirwa ku buwanguzi bw'ekifo ky'e Nakaseke ey'obukiika ddyo n'obululu 30,279 ng'amegga Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi eyali mu kifo ekyo eyakunἠἠanya obululu 18,123 .<ref>"After All the History Against Him, NUP's Luttamaguzi Says Baganda Ready to Apologize to Obote Through Akena". ''mulengeranews.com''. 28 February 2026. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>"MP Ssempala Mbuga loses Nakaseke Seat". ''Uganda Radionetwork''. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Luttamaguzi yazaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke nga 25 Ogwekkumineebiri 1979.<ref name=":2" /> eri omugenzi Luttamaguzi Mukiibi ne Cissy Nalunkuume e Nakaseke . Yasomera mu ssomero lya Kitebi pulayimale. Mu siniya, yasomera Jinja College okumala akaseera katono, nga tanneeyunga ku ssomero lya Jinja Secondary gye yamalira O-level. Ku A-level, yasomera ku ssomero lya Luweero Secondary. Oluvannyuma yasoma naafuna diguli mu by'obusuubuzi mu yunivasite y’e Makerere. <ref>https://observer.ug/lifestyle/51677-i-am-politically-romantic-luttamaguzi</ref> == Era laba == * [[:en:Nakaseke_District|Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke]] * [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Ekibiina kya Democratic Party (Uganda) .]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] orlwaw0hdo9oyun51dt0h64cz1xsbsr 66767 66763 2026-08-05T17:33:37Z Ssebuufu 9882 /* Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe */ 66767 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi''' (yazaalibwa nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979), munnabyabufuzi era omukugu mu by'enfuna Munnayuganda .[[:en:Public_administration|omuddukanya]] w'ebyensimbi era munnabyabufuzi. Yali mubaka wa Paalamenti eyakiikirira [[Nakaseke (disitulikit)|Nakaseke]] ey'obukiika ddyo okuva mu 2016-2026.<ref name=":2">"Hon. Luttamaguzi Semakula Paulson Kasana". ''Members of Parliament Database''. Parliament of Uganda. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref name=":0">"Luttamaguzi loses as parliamentary map shifts in Nakaseke, Nakasongola". ''The Independent Uganda''. 18 January 2026. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref name=":1">"I Will Not Be Participating in Elections Going Forward – Paul Lutamaguzi Semakula". ''howwe.ug''. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref>"Uganda elections 2016: Provisional parliamentary results". ''New Vision''. 17 February 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Yaddamu okulondebwa mu kulonda kwa Paalamenti okwa 2021 ng'eyasimbibwawo ekibiina kya Democratic Party (DP).<ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref>Mu Gwokuna 2025 olupapula lwa Daily Monitor lwategeeza nti yali avudde mu kibiina kya DP nadda mu [[National Unity Platform]].<ref>"Will Luttamaguzi's new party keep NRM at bay in Nakaseke?". ''Daily Monitor''. 16 April 2025. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Mu kulonda kw'ababaka ba Paalamenti okw'Ogwoluberyeberye 2026,Charles Nsereko Bassajjassubi yalangirirwa ku buwanguzi bw'ekifo ky'e Nakaseke ey'obukiika ddyo n'obululu 30,279 ng'amegga Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi eyali mu kifo ekyo eyakunἠἠanya obululu 18,123 .<ref>"After All the History Against Him, NUP's Luttamaguzi Says Baganda Ready to Apologize to Obote Through Akena". ''mulengeranews.com''. 28 February 2026. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>"MP Ssempala Mbuga loses Nakaseke Seat". ''Uganda Radionetwork''. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Luttamaguzi yazaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke nga 25 Ogwekkumineebiri 1979.<ref name=":2" /> Mu 2017, bweyali ayogerako eri amawulire ga [[The Observer]] , yagamba nti yasomera ku Kitebi Primary School, yasomerako katono ku [[Jinja College]] omugenzi Luttamaguzi Mukiibi ne Cissy Nalunkuume e Nakaseke . Yasomera mu ssomero lya Kitebi pulayimale. Mu siniya, yasomera Jinja College okumala akaseera katono, nga tanneeyunga ku ssomero lya Jinja Secondary gye yamalira O-level. Ku A-level, yasomera ku ssomero lya Luweero Secondary. Oluvannyuma yasoma naafuna diguli mu by'obusuubuzi mu yunivasite y’e Makerere. <ref>https://observer.ug/lifestyle/51677-i-am-politically-romantic-luttamaguzi</ref> == Era laba == * [[:en:Nakaseke_District|Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke]] * [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Ekibiina kya Democratic Party (Uganda) .]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] 41km6bsy16vdvccsay497ze0rm65vo6 66768 66767 2026-08-05T17:36:56Z Ssebuufu 9882 /* Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe */ 66768 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi''' (yazaalibwa nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979), munnabyabufuzi era omukugu mu by'enfuna Munnayuganda .[[:en:Public_administration|omuddukanya]] w'ebyensimbi era munnabyabufuzi. Yali mubaka wa Paalamenti eyakiikirira [[Nakaseke (disitulikit)|Nakaseke]] ey'obukiika ddyo okuva mu 2016-2026.<ref name=":2">"Hon. Luttamaguzi Semakula Paulson Kasana". ''Members of Parliament Database''. Parliament of Uganda. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref name=":0">"Luttamaguzi loses as parliamentary map shifts in Nakaseke, Nakasongola". ''The Independent Uganda''. 18 January 2026. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref name=":1">"I Will Not Be Participating in Elections Going Forward – Paul Lutamaguzi Semakula". ''howwe.ug''. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref>"Uganda elections 2016: Provisional parliamentary results". ''New Vision''. 17 February 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Yaddamu okulondebwa mu kulonda kwa Paalamenti okwa 2021 ng'eyasimbibwawo ekibiina kya Democratic Party (DP).<ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref>Mu Gwokuna 2025 olupapula lwa Daily Monitor lwategeeza nti yali avudde mu kibiina kya DP nadda mu [[National Unity Platform]].<ref>"Will Luttamaguzi's new party keep NRM at bay in Nakaseke?". ''Daily Monitor''. 16 April 2025. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Mu kulonda kw'ababaka ba Paalamenti okw'Ogwoluberyeberye 2026,Charles Nsereko Bassajjassubi yalangirirwa ku buwanguzi bw'ekifo ky'e Nakaseke ey'obukiika ddyo n'obululu 30,279 ng'amegga Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi eyali mu kifo ekyo eyakunἠἠanya obululu 18,123 .<ref>"After All the History Against Him, NUP's Luttamaguzi Says Baganda Ready to Apologize to Obote Through Akena". ''mulengeranews.com''. 28 February 2026. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>"MP Ssempala Mbuga loses Nakaseke Seat". ''Uganda Radionetwork''. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Luttamaguzi yazaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke nga 25 Ogwekkumineebiri 1979.<ref name=":2" /> Mu 2017, bweyali ayogerako eri amawulire ga [[The Observer]] , yagamba nti yasomera ku Kitebi Primary School, yasomerako katono ku [[Jinja College]] , olwo era yasomera ku Jinja Secondary School ku mutendera gwa siniya eyokuna ne Luweero Secondary School omugenzi Luttamaguzi Mukiibi ne Cissy Nalunkuume e Nakaseke . Yasomera mu ssomero lya Kitebi pulayimale. Mu siniya, yasomera Jinja College okumala akaseera katono, nga tanneeyunga ku ssomero lya Jinja Secondary gye yamalira O-level. Ku A-level, yasomera ku ssomero lya Luweero Secondary. Oluvannyuma yasoma naafuna diguli mu by'obusuubuzi mu yunivasite y’e Makerere. <ref>https://observer.ug/lifestyle/51677-i-am-politically-romantic-luttamaguzi</ref> == Era laba == * [[:en:Nakaseke_District|Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke]] * [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Ekibiina kya Democratic Party (Uganda) .]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] qx0v75jungqxpfnahb3ttrqhwajiqce 66775 66768 2026-08-05T17:45:58Z Ssebuufu 9882 /* Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe */ 66775 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi''' (yazaalibwa nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979), munnabyabufuzi era omukugu mu by'enfuna Munnayuganda .[[:en:Public_administration|omuddukanya]] w'ebyensimbi era munnabyabufuzi. Yali mubaka wa Paalamenti eyakiikirira [[Nakaseke (disitulikit)|Nakaseke]] ey'obukiika ddyo okuva mu 2016-2026.<ref name=":2">"Hon. Luttamaguzi Semakula Paulson Kasana". ''Members of Parliament Database''. Parliament of Uganda. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref name=":0">"Luttamaguzi loses as parliamentary map shifts in Nakaseke, Nakasongola". ''The Independent Uganda''. 18 January 2026. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref name=":1">"I Will Not Be Participating in Elections Going Forward – Paul Lutamaguzi Semakula". ''howwe.ug''. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref>"Uganda elections 2016: Provisional parliamentary results". ''New Vision''. 17 February 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Yaddamu okulondebwa mu kulonda kwa Paalamenti okwa 2021 ng'eyasimbibwawo ekibiina kya Democratic Party (DP).<ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref>Mu Gwokuna 2025 olupapula lwa Daily Monitor lwategeeza nti yali avudde mu kibiina kya DP nadda mu [[National Unity Platform]].<ref>"Will Luttamaguzi's new party keep NRM at bay in Nakaseke?". ''Daily Monitor''. 16 April 2025. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Mu kulonda kw'ababaka ba Paalamenti okw'Ogwoluberyeberye 2026,Charles Nsereko Bassajjassubi yalangirirwa ku buwanguzi bw'ekifo ky'e Nakaseke ey'obukiika ddyo n'obululu 30,279 ng'amegga Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi eyali mu kifo ekyo eyakunἠἠanya obululu 18,123 .<ref>"After All the History Against Him, NUP's Luttamaguzi Says Baganda Ready to Apologize to Obote Through Akena". ''mulengeranews.com''. 28 February 2026. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>"MP Ssempala Mbuga loses Nakaseke Seat". ''Uganda Radionetwork''. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Luttamaguzi yazaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke nga 25 Ogwekkumineebiri 1979.<ref name=":2" /> Mu 2017, bweyali ayogerako eri amawulire ga [[The Observer]] , yagamba nti yasomera ku Kitebi Primary School, yasomerako katono ku [[Jinja College]] , olwo era yasomera ku Jinja Secondary School ku mutendera gwa siniya eyokuna ne Luweero Secondary School ku mutendera gwa siniya ey'omukaaga bweyali tannatikkirwa ne Ddiguli esooka ey'ebyobusuubuzi okuva mu Yunivasite y'e Makerere.<ref>Prisca Baike (8 March 2017). "I am politically romantic - Luttamaguzi". ''The Observer''. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref>...................... omugenzi Luttamaguzi Mukiibi ne Cissy Nalunkuume e Nakaseke . Yasomera mu ssomero lya Kitebi pulayimale. Mu siniya, yasomera Jinja College okumala akaseera katono, nga tanneeyunga ku ssomero lya Jinja Secondary gye yamalira O-level. Ku A-level, yasomera ku ssomero lya Luweero Secondary Oluvannyuma yasoma naafuna diguli mu by'obusuubuzi mu yunivasite y’e Makerere. <ref>https://observer.ug/lifestyle/51677-i-am-politically-romantic-luttamaguzi</ref> == Era laba == * [[:en:Nakaseke_District|Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke]] * [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Ekibiina kya Democratic Party (Uganda) .]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] 4t42cw1i6dgppiiebojzj9ov8f9x6p0 66776 66775 2026-08-05T17:49:06Z Ssebuufu 9882 /* Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe */ 66776 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi''' (yazaalibwa nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979), munnabyabufuzi era omukugu mu by'enfuna Munnayuganda .[[:en:Public_administration|omuddukanya]] w'ebyensimbi era munnabyabufuzi. Yali mubaka wa Paalamenti eyakiikirira [[Nakaseke (disitulikit)|Nakaseke]] ey'obukiika ddyo okuva mu 2016-2026.<ref name=":2">"Hon. Luttamaguzi Semakula Paulson Kasana". ''Members of Parliament Database''. Parliament of Uganda. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref name=":0">"Luttamaguzi loses as parliamentary map shifts in Nakaseke, Nakasongola". ''The Independent Uganda''. 18 January 2026. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref name=":1">"I Will Not Be Participating in Elections Going Forward – Paul Lutamaguzi Semakula". ''howwe.ug''. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref>"Uganda elections 2016: Provisional parliamentary results". ''New Vision''. 17 February 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Yaddamu okulondebwa mu kulonda kwa Paalamenti okwa 2021 ng'eyasimbibwawo ekibiina kya Democratic Party (DP).<ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref>Mu Gwokuna 2025 olupapula lwa Daily Monitor lwategeeza nti yali avudde mu kibiina kya DP nadda mu [[National Unity Platform]].<ref>"Will Luttamaguzi's new party keep NRM at bay in Nakaseke?". ''Daily Monitor''. 16 April 2025. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Mu kulonda kw'ababaka ba Paalamenti okw'Ogwoluberyeberye 2026,Charles Nsereko Bassajjassubi yalangirirwa ku buwanguzi bw'ekifo ky'e Nakaseke ey'obukiika ddyo n'obululu 30,279 ng'amegga Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi eyali mu kifo ekyo eyakunἠἠanya obululu 18,123 .<ref>"After All the History Against Him, NUP's Luttamaguzi Says Baganda Ready to Apologize to Obote Through Akena". ''mulengeranews.com''. 28 February 2026. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>"MP Ssempala Mbuga loses Nakaseke Seat". ''Uganda Radionetwork''. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Luttamaguzi yazaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke nga 25 Ogwekkumineebiri 1979.<ref name=":2" /> Mu 2017, bweyali ayogerako eri amawulire ga [[The Observer]] , yagamba nti yasomera ku Kitebi Primary School, yasomerako katono ku [[Jinja College]] , olwo era yasomera ku Jinja Secondary School ku mutendera gwa siniya eyokuna ne Luweero Secondary School ku mutendera gwa siniya ey'omukaaga bweyali tannatikkirwa ne Ddiguli esooka ey'ebyobusuubuzi okuva mu Yunivasite y'e Makerere.<ref name=":3">Prisca Baike (8 March 2017). "I am politically romantic - Luttamaguzi". ''The Observer''. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref>Mu kwogera kwekumu yagamba nti bazadde be ye Luttamaguzi Mukiibi ne Cissy Nalunkuuma.<ref name=":3" />..................... omugenzi Luttamaguzi Mukiibi ne Cissy Nalunkuume e Nakaseke . Yasomera mu ssomero lya Kitebi pulayimale. Mu siniya, yasomera Jinja College okumala akaseera katono, nga tanneeyunga ku ssomero lya Jinja Secondary gye yamalira O-level. Ku A-level, yasomera ku ssomero lya Luweero Secondary Oluvannyuma yasoma naafuna diguli mu by'obusuubuzi mu yunivasite y’e Makerere. <ref>https://observer.ug/lifestyle/51677-i-am-politically-romantic-luttamaguzi</ref> == Era laba == * [[:en:Nakaseke_District|Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke]] * [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Ekibiina kya Democratic Party (Uganda) .]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] 8wy229eqjmooz7jqg6q7ipnodpm4w2t 66778 66776 2026-08-05T17:49:46Z Ssebuufu 9882 /* Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe */ 66778 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi''' (yazaalibwa nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979), munnabyabufuzi era omukugu mu by'enfuna Munnayuganda .[[:en:Public_administration|omuddukanya]] w'ebyensimbi era munnabyabufuzi. Yali mubaka wa Paalamenti eyakiikirira [[Nakaseke (disitulikit)|Nakaseke]] ey'obukiika ddyo okuva mu 2016-2026.<ref name=":2">"Hon. Luttamaguzi Semakula Paulson Kasana". ''Members of Parliament Database''. Parliament of Uganda. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref name=":0">"Luttamaguzi loses as parliamentary map shifts in Nakaseke, Nakasongola". ''The Independent Uganda''. 18 January 2026. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref name=":1">"I Will Not Be Participating in Elections Going Forward – Paul Lutamaguzi Semakula". ''howwe.ug''. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref>"Uganda elections 2016: Provisional parliamentary results". ''New Vision''. 17 February 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Yaddamu okulondebwa mu kulonda kwa Paalamenti okwa 2021 ng'eyasimbibwawo ekibiina kya Democratic Party (DP).<ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref>Mu Gwokuna 2025 olupapula lwa Daily Monitor lwategeeza nti yali avudde mu kibiina kya DP nadda mu [[National Unity Platform]].<ref>"Will Luttamaguzi's new party keep NRM at bay in Nakaseke?". ''Daily Monitor''. 16 April 2025. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Mu kulonda kw'ababaka ba Paalamenti okw'Ogwoluberyeberye 2026,Charles Nsereko Bassajjassubi yalangirirwa ku buwanguzi bw'ekifo ky'e Nakaseke ey'obukiika ddyo n'obululu 30,279 ng'amegga Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi eyali mu kifo ekyo eyakunἠἠanya obululu 18,123 .<ref>"After All the History Against Him, NUP's Luttamaguzi Says Baganda Ready to Apologize to Obote Through Akena". ''mulengeranews.com''. 28 February 2026. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>"MP Ssempala Mbuga loses Nakaseke Seat". ''Uganda Radionetwork''. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Luttamaguzi yazaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke nga 25 Ogwekkumineebiri 1979.<ref name=":2" /> Mu 2017, bweyali ayogerako eri amawulire ga [[The Observer]] , yagamba nti yasomera ku Kitebi Primary School, yasomerako katono ku [[Jinja College]] , olwo era yasomera ku Jinja Secondary School ku mutendera gwa siniya eyokuna ne Luweero Secondary School ku mutendera gwa siniya ey'omukaaga bweyali tannatikkirwa ne Ddiguli esooka ey'ebyobusuubuzi okuva mu Yunivasite y'e Makerere.<ref name=":3">Prisca Baike (8 March 2017). "I am politically romantic - Luttamaguzi". ''The Observer''. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref>Mu kwogera kwekumu yagamba nti bazadde be ye Luttamaguzi Mukiibi ne Cissy Nalunkuuma.<ref name=":3" /> == Era laba == * [[:en:Nakaseke_District|Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke]] * [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Ekibiina kya Democratic Party (Uganda) .]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] i82x93o6dlxjib9lgfzhm5u19sfea69 66780 66778 2026-08-05T17:52:12Z Ssebuufu 9882 Ntaddemu emirimu gy'ebyobufuzi 66780 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi''' (yazaalibwa nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979), munnabyabufuzi era omukugu mu by'enfuna Munnayuganda .[[:en:Public_administration|omuddukanya]] w'ebyensimbi era munnabyabufuzi. Yali mubaka wa Paalamenti eyakiikirira [[Nakaseke (disitulikit)|Nakaseke]] ey'obukiika ddyo okuva mu 2016-2026.<ref name=":2">"Hon. Luttamaguzi Semakula Paulson Kasana". ''Members of Parliament Database''. Parliament of Uganda. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref name=":0">"Luttamaguzi loses as parliamentary map shifts in Nakaseke, Nakasongola". ''The Independent Uganda''. 18 January 2026. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref name=":1">"I Will Not Be Participating in Elections Going Forward – Paul Lutamaguzi Semakula". ''howwe.ug''. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref>"Uganda elections 2016: Provisional parliamentary results". ''New Vision''. 17 February 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Yaddamu okulondebwa mu kulonda kwa Paalamenti okwa 2021 ng'eyasimbibwawo ekibiina kya Democratic Party (DP).<ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref>Mu Gwokuna 2025 olupapula lwa Daily Monitor lwategeeza nti yali avudde mu kibiina kya DP nadda mu [[National Unity Platform]].<ref>"Will Luttamaguzi's new party keep NRM at bay in Nakaseke?". ''Daily Monitor''. 16 April 2025. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Mu kulonda kw'ababaka ba Paalamenti okw'Ogwoluberyeberye 2026,Charles Nsereko Bassajjassubi yalangirirwa ku buwanguzi bw'ekifo ky'e Nakaseke ey'obukiika ddyo n'obululu 30,279 ng'amegga Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi eyali mu kifo ekyo eyakunἠἠanya obululu 18,123 .<ref>"After All the History Against Him, NUP's Luttamaguzi Says Baganda Ready to Apologize to Obote Through Akena". ''mulengeranews.com''. 28 February 2026. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>"MP Ssempala Mbuga loses Nakaseke Seat". ''Uganda Radionetwork''. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Luttamaguzi yazaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke nga 25 Ogwekkumineebiri 1979.<ref name=":2" /> Mu 2017, bweyali ayogerako eri amawulire ga [[The Observer]] , yagamba nti yasomera ku Kitebi Primary School, yasomerako katono ku [[Jinja College]] , olwo era yasomera ku Jinja Secondary School ku mutendera gwa siniya eyokuna ne Luweero Secondary School ku mutendera gwa siniya ey'omukaaga bweyali tannatikkirwa ne Ddiguli esooka ey'ebyobusuubuzi okuva mu Yunivasite y'e Makerere.<ref name=":3">Prisca Baike (8 March 2017). "I am politically romantic - Luttamaguzi". ''The Observer''. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref>Mu kwogera kwekumu yagamba nti bazadde be ye Luttamaguzi Mukiibi ne Cissy Nalunkuuma.<ref name=":3" /> == Emirimu gy'ebyobufuzi == == Era laba == * [[:en:Nakaseke_District|Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke]] * [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Ekibiina kya Democratic Party (Uganda) .]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] mlmzouhrpyayes0ufurlglekiq47m4n 66781 66780 2026-08-05T17:52:58Z Ssebuufu 9882 /* Emirimu gy'ebyobufuzi */ 66781 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi''' (yazaalibwa nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979), munnabyabufuzi era omukugu mu by'enfuna Munnayuganda .[[:en:Public_administration|omuddukanya]] w'ebyensimbi era munnabyabufuzi. Yali mubaka wa Paalamenti eyakiikirira [[Nakaseke (disitulikit)|Nakaseke]] ey'obukiika ddyo okuva mu 2016-2026.<ref name=":2">"Hon. Luttamaguzi Semakula Paulson Kasana". ''Members of Parliament Database''. Parliament of Uganda. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref name=":0">"Luttamaguzi loses as parliamentary map shifts in Nakaseke, Nakasongola". ''The Independent Uganda''. 18 January 2026. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref name=":1">"I Will Not Be Participating in Elections Going Forward – Paul Lutamaguzi Semakula". ''howwe.ug''. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref>"Uganda elections 2016: Provisional parliamentary results". ''New Vision''. 17 February 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Yaddamu okulondebwa mu kulonda kwa Paalamenti okwa 2021 ng'eyasimbibwawo ekibiina kya Democratic Party (DP).<ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref>Mu Gwokuna 2025 olupapula lwa Daily Monitor lwategeeza nti yali avudde mu kibiina kya DP nadda mu [[National Unity Platform]].<ref>"Will Luttamaguzi's new party keep NRM at bay in Nakaseke?". ''Daily Monitor''. 16 April 2025. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Mu kulonda kw'ababaka ba Paalamenti okw'Ogwoluberyeberye 2026,Charles Nsereko Bassajjassubi yalangirirwa ku buwanguzi bw'ekifo ky'e Nakaseke ey'obukiika ddyo n'obululu 30,279 ng'amegga Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi eyali mu kifo ekyo eyakunἠἠanya obululu 18,123 .<ref>"After All the History Against Him, NUP's Luttamaguzi Says Baganda Ready to Apologize to Obote Through Akena". ''mulengeranews.com''. 28 February 2026. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>"MP Ssempala Mbuga loses Nakaseke Seat". ''Uganda Radionetwork''. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Luttamaguzi yazaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke nga 25 Ogwekkumineebiri 1979.<ref name=":2" /> Mu 2017, bweyali ayogerako eri amawulire ga [[The Observer]] , yagamba nti yasomera ku Kitebi Primary School, yasomerako katono ku [[Jinja College]] , olwo era yasomera ku Jinja Secondary School ku mutendera gwa siniya eyokuna ne Luweero Secondary School ku mutendera gwa siniya ey'omukaaga bweyali tannatikkirwa ne Ddiguli esooka ey'ebyobusuubuzi okuva mu Yunivasite y'e Makerere.<ref name=":3">Prisca Baike (8 March 2017). "I am politically romantic - Luttamaguzi". ''The Observer''. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref>Mu kwogera kwekumu yagamba nti bazadde be ye Luttamaguzi Mukiibi ne Cissy Nalunkuuma.<ref name=":3" /> == Emirimu gy'ebyobufuzi == === Okulonda === == Era laba == * [[:en:Nakaseke_District|Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke]] * [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Ekibiina kya Democratic Party (Uganda) .]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] pplohiv0vinftrtun4x8cnwauxbf65u 66782 66781 2026-08-05T17:58:17Z Ssebuufu 9882 /* Okulonda */ 66782 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi''' (yazaalibwa nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979), munnabyabufuzi era omukugu mu by'enfuna Munnayuganda .[[:en:Public_administration|omuddukanya]] w'ebyensimbi era munnabyabufuzi. Yali mubaka wa Paalamenti eyakiikirira [[Nakaseke (disitulikit)|Nakaseke]] ey'obukiika ddyo okuva mu 2016-2026.<ref name=":2">"Hon. Luttamaguzi Semakula Paulson Kasana". ''Members of Parliament Database''. Parliament of Uganda. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref name=":0">"Luttamaguzi loses as parliamentary map shifts in Nakaseke, Nakasongola". ''The Independent Uganda''. 18 January 2026. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref name=":1">"I Will Not Be Participating in Elections Going Forward – Paul Lutamaguzi Semakula". ''howwe.ug''. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref>"Uganda elections 2016: Provisional parliamentary results". ''New Vision''. 17 February 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Yaddamu okulondebwa mu kulonda kwa Paalamenti okwa 2021 ng'eyasimbibwawo ekibiina kya Democratic Party (DP).<ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref>Mu Gwokuna 2025 olupapula lwa Daily Monitor lwategeeza nti yali avudde mu kibiina kya DP nadda mu [[National Unity Platform]].<ref>"Will Luttamaguzi's new party keep NRM at bay in Nakaseke?". ''Daily Monitor''. 16 April 2025. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Mu kulonda kw'ababaka ba Paalamenti okw'Ogwoluberyeberye 2026,Charles Nsereko Bassajjassubi yalangirirwa ku buwanguzi bw'ekifo ky'e Nakaseke ey'obukiika ddyo n'obululu 30,279 ng'amegga Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi eyali mu kifo ekyo eyakunἠἠanya obululu 18,123 .<ref>"After All the History Against Him, NUP's Luttamaguzi Says Baganda Ready to Apologize to Obote Through Akena". ''mulengeranews.com''. 28 February 2026. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>"MP Ssempala Mbuga loses Nakaseke Seat". ''Uganda Radionetwork''. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Luttamaguzi yazaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke nga 25 Ogwekkumineebiri 1979.<ref name=":2" /> Mu 2017, bweyali ayogerako eri amawulire ga [[The Observer]] , yagamba nti yasomera ku Kitebi Primary School, yasomerako katono ku [[Jinja College]] , olwo era yasomera ku Jinja Secondary School ku mutendera gwa siniya eyokuna ne Luweero Secondary School ku mutendera gwa siniya ey'omukaaga bweyali tannatikkirwa ne Ddiguli esooka ey'ebyobusuubuzi okuva mu Yunivasite y'e Makerere.<ref name=":3">Prisca Baike (8 March 2017). "I am politically romantic - Luttamaguzi". ''The Observer''. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref>Mu kwogera kwekumu yagamba nti bazadde be ye Luttamaguzi Mukiibi ne Cissy Nalunkuuma.<ref name=":3" /> == Emirimu gy'ebyobufuzi == === Okulonda === Mu 2020 nga twolekera okulonda kwa 2021, [[Daily Monitor]] yawandiika nti == Era laba == * [[:en:Nakaseke_District|Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke]] * [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Ekibiina kya Democratic Party (Uganda) .]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] 1n5cj344d1yqstz257htahc8szy0qik 66783 66782 2026-08-05T17:59:50Z Ssebuufu 9882 /* Emirimu gy'ebyobufuzi */ 66783 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi''' (yazaalibwa nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979), munnabyabufuzi era omukugu mu by'enfuna Munnayuganda .[[:en:Public_administration|omuddukanya]] w'ebyensimbi era munnabyabufuzi. Yali mubaka wa Paalamenti eyakiikirira [[Nakaseke (disitulikit)|Nakaseke]] ey'obukiika ddyo okuva mu 2016-2026.<ref name=":2">"Hon. Luttamaguzi Semakula Paulson Kasana". ''Members of Parliament Database''. Parliament of Uganda. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref name=":0">"Luttamaguzi loses as parliamentary map shifts in Nakaseke, Nakasongola". ''The Independent Uganda''. 18 January 2026. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref name=":1">"I Will Not Be Participating in Elections Going Forward – Paul Lutamaguzi Semakula". ''howwe.ug''. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref>"Uganda elections 2016: Provisional parliamentary results". ''New Vision''. 17 February 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Yaddamu okulondebwa mu kulonda kwa Paalamenti okwa 2021 ng'eyasimbibwawo ekibiina kya Democratic Party (DP).<ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref>Mu Gwokuna 2025 olupapula lwa Daily Monitor lwategeeza nti yali avudde mu kibiina kya DP nadda mu [[National Unity Platform]].<ref>"Will Luttamaguzi's new party keep NRM at bay in Nakaseke?". ''Daily Monitor''. 16 April 2025. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Mu kulonda kw'ababaka ba Paalamenti okw'Ogwoluberyeberye 2026,Charles Nsereko Bassajjassubi yalangirirwa ku buwanguzi bw'ekifo ky'e Nakaseke ey'obukiika ddyo n'obululu 30,279 ng'amegga Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi eyali mu kifo ekyo eyakunἠἠanya obululu 18,123 .<ref>"After All the History Against Him, NUP's Luttamaguzi Says Baganda Ready to Apologize to Obote Through Akena". ''mulengeranews.com''. 28 February 2026. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>"MP Ssempala Mbuga loses Nakaseke Seat". ''Uganda Radionetwork''. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Luttamaguzi yazaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke nga 25 Ogwekkumineebiri 1979.<ref name=":2" /> Mu 2017, bweyali ayogerako eri amawulire ga [[The Observer]] , yagamba nti yasomera ku Kitebi Primary School, yasomerako katono ku [[Jinja College]] , olwo era yasomera ku Jinja Secondary School ku mutendera gwa siniya eyokuna ne Luweero Secondary School ku mutendera gwa siniya ey'omukaaga bweyali tannatikkirwa ne Ddiguli esooka ey'ebyobusuubuzi okuva mu Yunivasite y'e Makerere.<ref name=":3">Prisca Baike (8 March 2017). "I am politically romantic - Luttamaguzi". ''The Observer''. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref>Mu kwogera kwekumu yagamba nti bazadde be ye Luttamaguzi Mukiibi ne Cissy Nalunkuuma.<ref name=":3" /> == Emirimu gy'ebyobufuzi == === Okulonda === Mu 2020 nga twolekera okulonda kwa 2021, [[Daily Monitor]] yawandiika nti yafuna obululu 11,519 mu 2016 == Era laba == * [[:en:Nakaseke_District|Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke]] * [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Ekibiina kya Democratic Party (Uganda) .]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] lyrc15rvzjdc0283ypuiiyyc89se5rx 66784 66783 2026-08-05T18:03:07Z Ssebuufu 9882 /* Okulonda */ 66784 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi''' (yazaalibwa nga 25 Ogwekkuminebiri 1979), munnabyabufuzi era omukugu mu by'enfuna Munnayuganda .[[:en:Public_administration|omuddukanya]] w'ebyensimbi era munnabyabufuzi. Yali mubaka wa Paalamenti eyakiikirira [[Nakaseke (disitulikit)|Nakaseke]] ey'obukiika ddyo okuva mu 2016-2026.<ref name=":2">"Hon. Luttamaguzi Semakula Paulson Kasana". ''Members of Parliament Database''. Parliament of Uganda. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref name=":0">"Luttamaguzi loses as parliamentary map shifts in Nakaseke, Nakasongola". ''The Independent Uganda''. 18 January 2026. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref name=":1">"I Will Not Be Participating in Elections Going Forward – Paul Lutamaguzi Semakula". ''howwe.ug''. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref>"Uganda elections 2016: Provisional parliamentary results". ''New Vision''. 17 February 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref><ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Yaddamu okulondebwa mu kulonda kwa Paalamenti okwa 2021 ng'eyasimbibwawo ekibiina kya Democratic Party (DP).<ref>"Nakaseke South MP Luttamaguzi beats NRM's Nsereko". ''Uganda Radio Network''. 15 January 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref>Mu Gwokuna 2025 olupapula lwa Daily Monitor lwategeeza nti yali avudde mu kibiina kya DP nadda mu [[National Unity Platform]].<ref>"Will Luttamaguzi's new party keep NRM at bay in Nakaseke?". ''Daily Monitor''. 16 April 2025. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> Mu kulonda kw'ababaka ba Paalamenti okw'Ogwoluberyeberye 2026,Charles Nsereko Bassajjassubi yalangirirwa ku buwanguzi bw'ekifo ky'e Nakaseke ey'obukiika ddyo n'obululu 30,279 ng'amegga Paulson Kasana Semakula Luttamaguzi eyali mu kifo ekyo eyakunἠἠanya obululu 18,123 .<ref>"After All the History Against Him, NUP's Luttamaguzi Says Baganda Ready to Apologize to Obote Through Akena". ''mulengeranews.com''. 28 February 2026. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>"MP Ssempala Mbuga loses Nakaseke Seat". ''Uganda Radionetwork''. Retrieved 1 March 2026.</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Luttamaguzi yazaalibwa mu Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke nga 25 Ogwekkumineebiri 1979.<ref name=":2" /> Mu 2017, bweyali ayogerako eri amawulire ga [[The Observer]] , yagamba nti yasomera ku Kitebi Primary School, yasomerako katono ku [[Jinja College]] , olwo era yasomera ku Jinja Secondary School ku mutendera gwa siniya eyokuna ne Luweero Secondary School ku mutendera gwa siniya ey'omukaaga bweyali tannatikkirwa ne Ddiguli esooka ey'ebyobusuubuzi okuva mu Yunivasite y'e Makerere.<ref name=":3">Prisca Baike (8 March 2017). "I am politically romantic - Luttamaguzi". ''The Observer''. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref>Mu kwogera kwekumu yagamba nti bazadde be ye Luttamaguzi Mukiibi ne Cissy Nalunkuuma.<ref name=":3" /> == Emirimu gy'ebyobufuzi == === Okulonda === Mu 2020 nga twolekera okulonda kwa 2021, [[Daily Monitor]] yawandiika nti yafuna obululu 11,519 mu 2016 nga yawangulira watono Denis Ssekabira owa NRM eyafuna obululu 11,157.<ref>"Tough race for Luttamaguzi as NRM seeks to reclaim MP seat". ''Daily Monitor''. 12 June 2020. Retrieved 15 December 2025.</ref> == Era laba == * [[:en:Nakaseke_District|Disitulikiti y'e Nakaseke]] * [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Ekibiina kya Democratic Party (Uganda) .]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] ptfprw0gg8x9hba1kjyg4thsqlb4xhq 0 11732 66788 44056 2026-08-05T18:29:02Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66788 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tebandeke Mujambula''', oluusi liwandiikibwa nga '''Ttebandeke Mujambula''', yali [[Kabaka wa Buganda|Kabaka]] w’Obwakabaka [[Buganda|bwa Buganda]] wakati wa 1704 - 1724. Yali Kabaka wa Buganda ow’omulundi ogwa 18. == Okutuula ku Nnamulondo ==   Yali [[:en:Son|mutabani]] wa [[Mutebi I owa Buganda|Sekabaka Mutebi I]], [[:en:Reign|eyafuga]] wakati wa 1674 ne 1680. Maama we yali Nabukalu ow’ekika ky’e Lugave, ow'okubiri ku bakyala ba kitaawe abataano (5). [[:en:Enthronement|Yatuula]] ku [[:en:Throne|ntebe y'obwakabaka]] oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa kojja we, nga mu 1704. Yatandikawo [[:en:Capital_(political)|olubiri lwe]] e Bundeke. Mu bufuzi bwe, abaana ba Tebandeke baatawanyizibwanga n’obulwadde obwenjawulo era n’asindikanga abasamize okuzuula ekivaako obulwadde buno. Abalubaale baalagira omukolo, Kabaka gwe yakola era abaana ne bawona. Ku kino, abalubaale baasaba ssente nnyingi olw’obuweereza bwabwe ne baswaza Tebandeke n’okusaba abantu okubasasulwa. Kabaka eyali omunyiivu yasalawo okutta abalubaale era amasabo gaabwe ne gookebwa. Kabaka wabula yagwa eddalu n’addukira mu kibira. == Obulamu bw’obufumbo == Yawasa abakyala [[:en:Wives|bataano]] (5) : <ref name="The Customs of the Baganda">{{Cite book |last=Kaggwa |first=Apollo |date=1934 |title=The Customs of the Baganda |url=https://archive.org/details/customsofbaganda0022sira |last2=Kalibala |first2=Ernest B. |page=[https://archive.org/details/customsofbaganda0022sira/page/30 30]}}</ref> * Naabakyaala Nakyaazirana, Kaddulubaale muwala wa Sensalire, ow’ekika ky’e Njovu * Balangazza muwala wa Sekayiba ow’ekika kya Mbogo * Nabali muwala wa Sempala, ow'ekika kya Ffumbe * Nabaziika mwannyina wa Nakuwande, era muwala wa Mugema, ow’ekika ky’e Nkima * Nakuwande mwannyina wa Nabazika, era muwala wa Mugema, ow'ekika ky'enkima == Ensonga == Kigambibwa nti yazaala omwana omu yekka: * Omulangira (Omulangira) Juma Katebe, nga nnyina yali Nakyaazirana. [[Ndawula owa Buganda|Kabaka Ndawula Nsobya]] yamugoba ku busika . == Emyaka egyasembayo == Kabaka Tebandeke yakisa omukono mu Lubiri e Kanyakasasa, Bundeke. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Yaterekebwa e Bundeke. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Kabaka Tebandeke Is Buried At Bundeke, Busiro |url=http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615070042/http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm |archive-date=15 June 2013 |access-date=5 October 2014 |publisher=Buganda.com}}</ref> == Ennambika y'obusika == {{s-start}} {{succession box|title=[[King of Buganda]]|before=[[Kayemba of Buganda|Kayemba Kisiki]]|after=[[Ndawula of Buganda|Ndawula Nsobya]]|years=c.1704-c.1724}} {{s-end}} == Laba ne == * [[Kabaka wa Buganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130615070042/http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm Olukalala lwa Bassekabaka ba Buganda] Archived b9r2r32n0az06d0x9jn5mzuq3d85edj 0 11749 66834 44053 2026-08-05T19:14:08Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66834 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kayemba Kisisi''' yali [[Kabaka wa Buganda|Kabaka]] owa 17 mu [[Buganda|Bwakabaka bwa Buganda]] okuva 1690 - 1704. == Okutuula ku Nnamulondo == Yali mutabani wa [[Kateregga of Buganda|Sekabaka Kateregga Kamegere]] ow'okusatu, eyafuga wakati wa 1644 -1674. Maama we yali Namutebi ow’ekika kya Mamba, nga ye yali ow’omunaana ku [[:en:Wives|bakyala]] ba kitaawe omwenda . [[:en:Enthronement|Yatuula ku]] [[:en:Throne|ntebe y'obwakabaka]] oluvannyuma lwa [[:en:Death|mukulu]] we okufa. Yatandikawo olubiri lwe e Lunnyo,<ref name="The Customs of the Baganda">{{Cite book |last=Kaggwa |first=Apollo |date=1934 |title=The Customs of the Baganda |url=https://archive.org/details/customsofbaganda0022sira |last2=Kalibala |first2=Ernest B. |page=29}}</ref> mu kibuga [[Entebbe]], okumpi ne State House. == Obulamu bw’obufumbo == Yawasa abakyala babiri: <ref name="The Customs of the Baganda"/> * Nabbanja muwala wa Kasujja, ow’ekika ky’e Ngeye * Nakku muwala wa Walusimbi, ow'ekika kya Ffumbe == Ensonga == Yalina abaana basatu ab’obulenzi: <ref name="The Customs of the Baganda"/> * Omulangira (Omulangira) Sematimba, nga nnyina yali Nabbanja * Omulangira (Omulangira) Wakayima, nga nnyina yali Nabbanja * Omulangira (Omulangira) Kawumpuli, nga nnyina yali Nakku. Yazaalibwa nga talina bitundu by’omubiri era ekyavaamu n’agobwa mu kusikira. == Emyaka egyasembayo == Kabaka Kayemba yakisa omukono ku myaka emikulu mu 1704. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Yaterekebwa e Nabulagala mu Busiro. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ssekabaka Kayemba Is Buried At Nabulagala, Busiro |url=http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615070042/http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm |archive-date=15 June 2013 |access-date=5 October 2014 |publisher=Buganda.com}}</ref> == Ennambika y'obusika == {{s-start}} {{succession box|title=[[King of Buganda]]|before=[[Juuko of Buganda|Juuko]]|after=[[Tebandeke of Buganda|Tebandeke]]|years=c.1690-c.1704}} {{s-end}} == Laba ne == * [[Kabaka wa Buganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130615070042/http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm Olukalala lwa Bassekabaka ba Buganda] Archived l8m23lnb2x19vafbcoxenczcbp8rx68 0 11886 66836 65155 2026-08-05T19:14:37Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66836 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Arthur Gakwandi''' muwandiisi wa bitabo, mboozi ennyimpi era nga mubaka wa gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Siddiqui |first=Shiraz |last2=Ray |first2=Prof. ( Dr.) KumKum |last3=Singh |first3=Prof (Dr.) Deepak Kumar |date=2025 |title=MIRRORS OF PREJUDICE: HOW BOLLYWOOD'S REPRESENTATION OF LGBTQ+ CHARACTERS SHAPED (AND RESHAPED) INDIAN SOCIETY |url=https://doi.org/10.53555/gc9w2y11 |journal=MIRRORS OF PREJUDICE: HOW BOLLYWOOD'S REPRESENTATION OF LGBTQ+ CHARACTERS SHAPED (AND RESHAPED) INDIAN SOCIETY |doi=10.53555/gc9w2y11}}</ref> Yawandiika "Kosiya Kifefe",<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Berner |first=Robert L. |last2=Gakwandi |first2=Shatto Arthur |date=1978 |title=The Novel and Contemporary Experience in Africa |url=https://doi.org/10.2307/40131553 |journal=World Literature Today |volume=52 |issue=4 |pages=680 |doi=10.2307/40131553 |issn=0196-3570}}</ref> omulimu ogw'okutaano ogw'ebiwandiiko ogwawandiikibwa Munnayuganda okufulumira ku sillabus ya Uganda okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Robinson |first=Andrew |date=2014-12-19 |title=Einstein online <b>The Digital Einstein Papers</b> Princeton University Press. Launched 5 December 2014; einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu |url=https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa3615 |journal=Science |volume=346 |issue=6216 |pages=1463–1463 |doi=10.1126/science.aaa3615 |issn=0036-8075}}</ref> Musomesa mu kitongole ky'alitulica mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite e Makerere]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nazareth |first=Peter |last2=Gakwandi |first2=Shatto Arthur |date=1979 |title=The Novel and Contemporary Experience in Africa |url=https://doi.org/10.2307/532406 |journal=ASA Review of Books |volume=5 |pages=76 |doi=10.2307/532406 |issn=0364-1686}}</ref> Yali mulamuzi wa [[Commonwealth Writers Prize]] mu Afirika mu 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Novitz |first=Julian |date=2026-05-22 |title=What do the Commonwealth Writers Prize AI allegations mean for prizes – and short stories? |url=https://doi.org/10.64628/aa.ufgpxqear |access-date=2026-07-27 |website=doi.org}}</ref> == Obuto bwe n’okusoma == Gakwandi yazaalibwa Kajara.<ref>{{Cite web |last=nevender |date=2017-02-13 |title=Who Are The Male Heroes of Ugandan Literature? |url=https://writivism.org/2017/02/13/who-are-the-male-heroes-of-ugandan-literature/ |access-date=2021-04-04 |website=Writivism |language=en}}</ref> Yasomera mu [[Ntare School|ssomero lya Ntare]] e Mbarara n'oluvannyuma [[Makerere University, Uganda|Makerere University]] college gye yafunira BA. Yafuna diguli ya MLit okuva mu [[yunivaasite y'e Edinburgh]]. Oluvannyuma lw’emyaka mingi ng’asomesa litulica e Makerere, yeegatta ku Ugandan diplomatic mu 1998 n’aweereza mu bifo eby’enjawulo ng’omubaka.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Simon Gikandi, Evan Mwangi |date=Aug 13, 2013 |title=The Columbia Guide to East African Literature in English Since 1945 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ywEKyvOO_S0C&q=the+novel+and+contemporary-arthur+Gakwandi&pg=PT151 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=9780231500647 |access-date=3 December 2014}}</ref> == Obufuzi bwa Pan-Africanism == Gakwandi yateesa ku ssemazinga wa Afirika okuddamu okulowoozebwako, olw'enzikiriza ye nti "okuddamu okutegeka ssemazinga ono mu by'obufuzi kye kintu ekikulu ennyo ekyetaaga okutunulwamu ng'okuddamu okutegeka ebyenfuna tekunaba kuleeta bivaamu bye baagala."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nesther Nachafiya |first=Alu |date=July 2011 |title=Between New Challenges in African Literature and Contemporary Realities: the Case Study of Opanachi's Eaters of the Living |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/afrrev/article/download/69288/57317 |journal=African Research Review |volume=5 (4) |issue=21 |pages=342–353 |issn=2070-0083}}</ref> Ekirala, Gakwandi agamba nti ensalo zaamatwale ze zisibukamu obutono bw’amawanga ga Afirika agasinga obungi, ekivaako emitendera gy’obwavu, okwesigama ku balala, obutakulaakulana, n’obukuubagano bw’amawanga obuli mu kiseera kino mu kitundu. Bwe kityo, Gakwandi yaleeta ekiteeso ky’okutondawo maapu empya ey’ebyobufuzi eya Afirika<ref>{{Cite book |last=Martin |first=Guy |year=2012 |title=Pan-Africanism and African unity |publisher=Routledge Handbooks Online |isbn=9780367030667}}</ref> egenda okuggyamu amawanga agatali ku lukalu ng’engeri y’okukendeeza ku nkaayana ku nsalo, okugatta amawanga ga Afirika mu kiseera kino agawuddwamu ensalo z’amatwale, okuwa amawanga amapya omusingi gw’eby’obugagga ebimala, okukendeeza ku bunkenke obuliwo mu mawanga, okutumbula embeera ya Afirika mu nsi yonna, n’okukendeeza ku bunkenke. Olw'e bigendererwa ebikulu mu birowoozo, Gakwandi yateesa ku maapu empya ey’ebyobufuzi eya Afrika erimu amawanga musanvu agakolagana naaga Afrika okukiikirira ebitundu ebikulu ebya Afirika. Amasaza gano omusanvu amapya gaali ga Sahara Republic, Senegambia, Central Africa ne Swahili Republic, Ethiopia, Swahili Republic, Mozambia, ne Madagascar. Eggwanga lya Sahara Republic lyandizingiramu North Africa, Senegambia yandizingiramu West Africa, Central Africa ne Swahili Republic yandizingiramu Central Africa, Ethiopia yandizingiramu [[Ethiopia]] ey’omulembe guno nga kwotadde ne [[Eritrea]], Swahili Republic yandibaddemu East Africa ne art of Central Africa, Mozambia yandibaddemu Southern Africa. Mu kulowooza kwa Gakwandi, [[Madagascar]] yandisigadde nga bweri mu kiseera kino era teyandiyingiziddwa mu repubulika mpya.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Falola |first=Toyin |date=2004 |title=Nationalism and African Intellectuals |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zJ0H12tCCXUC&q=arthur+gakwandi%2C+sahara+republic+state&pg=PA138 |publisher=University Rochester Press |isbn=978-1-58046-149-8 |language=en}}</ref> == Ebikolwa ebifulumiziddwa == === Ebitabo === * {{Cite book |year=1997 |title=Kosiya Kifefe |publisher=East African Education Publishers |isbn=9789966468383}} === Okunnyonnyola === * {{Cite book |year=1997 |title=Uganda Pocket facts |url=https://archive.org/details/ugandapocketfact0000unse |publisher=Fountain Publishers |isbn=9970-02-145-1}} === Okunenya Ebiwandiiko === * {{Cite book |year=1977 |title=The novel and contemporary experience in Africa |url=https://archive.org/details/novelcontemporar0000gakw |publisher=London : Heinemann |isbn=9780841903067}} == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Bannayuganda abasomesa]] [[Category:Abasomesa]] 4efc6g8iz1zc7u1itxxvgosdhe9aq9g 0 12066 66850 61457 2026-08-05T19:28:55Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66850 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{ Databox }} '''Elijah Dickens Mushemeza''' nga yazaalibwa 26 Ogwokubiri mu 1964, mu [[Sheema (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Sheema]], mu bitundu by'Omubugwanjuba bwa [[Yuganda|Uganda]], nga muyivu, muwandiisi, era munnabyabufuzi abuteeka munkola. Ono Pulofeesa mu Sayaansi w’Eby'obufuzi n’Okuddukanya Enkulaakulana, nga bino abisomesa ku Yuniivasite y’e Ankole esinganibwa mu Gwanjuba bwa Uganda, era nga ye muwi w’amagezi omukulu mu ACODE. Emabegako yaliko akulira etendekero ewasinganibwa abasomesa abayigiriza Eby’obusuubuzi n'emisomo gy'enkulaakulana ku Bishop Stuart University e Mbarara mu Uganda. Ye pulofeesa omugenyi mu [[Bishop Stuart University|Bishop Stuart University.]] == Okusoma kwe == Yafuna diguli Mu by'emisomo egy'enjawulo mu By’obulamu, Diguli ey'okubiri mu By'enjigiriza eby'enjawulo mu By’enkulaakulana, ne Diguli ey'Okusatu mu Sayaansi W'eby'obufuzi ku Makerere University. Yeebuzibwaako ku by’enjigiriza, enfuga, obwavu, eby'obufuzi, entalo, okukaka abantu okusenguka, eby'okwerinda, amafuta ne gaasi, n’ensonga z’enkulaakulana, ng'okutwaliza awamu mu kitundu kya Great Lakes mu Afrika. == Obuvo bw'obukugu bwe == Emabegako yaliko omukwanaganya wa pulogulaamu ya MA mu nkolagana y’ensi yonna n’okusoma kw'abakungu mu kitongole kya Sayaansi w’Eby'obufuzi n'Ezirukanya y’Emirimu gya Gavumenti ku Makerere University. Asomesezaako mu Yunivasite y’e Mbarara eya Sayaansi ne Tekinologiya. Mushemeza yaliko ku kakiiko akafuzi ak’enjawulo aka Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa. Afulumizza ebiwandiiko ebiwerako mu butabo bw'ensi yonna. Ye musunsuzi w'ebiwandikibwa mu kitabo ''ekiyitibwa Journal of Development Issues'' . Ebweru w’eby’enjigiriza, Mushemeza akola nnyo munabyabufuzi mu Uganda. Yali memba mu lukiiko lwa ssemateeka olwa 1994 ne 95 olwakubaganya ebirowoozo, okwekenneenya, okusaawo amateeka, n’okulangirira ssemateeka wa Uganda, era nga Mubaka wa Paalamenti ya Uganda mu 1996. Yali muwabuzi wa pulezidenti ku ddaala lya minisita omukulu mu kabineeti era nga mu myuka wa ssentebe w’akakiiko k’Eby'okulonda mu kibiina kya National Resistance Movement, ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza mu Uganda okuva mu 2010, okutuusa mu 2015. == Byawandiise == Mu kitabo kye, ''The Politics and Empowerment of Banyarwanda Refugees in Uganda, 1959–2001'', <ref>{{Cite book |last=Mushemeza |first=E. D. |year=2007 |title=The Politics and Empowerment of Banyarwanda Refugees in Uganda 1959–2001 |url=https://archive.org/details/politicsempowerm0000mush |publisher=Fountain Publishers |location=Kampala}}</ref> Mushemeza anoonyereza ku ngeri ababundabunda Banyarwanda gye baatuuka ku mitendera egy’ensonga egy’okwegatta mu bantu ba Uganda olw’engeri gyebayingira mu by'embeera z’abantu, eby'enfuna, n’obuwangwa eby'efanaanyirizi eby’abantu ba Uganda mu bitundu gye baasenga. Singa gavumenti ya Uganda "teyalemererwa" ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970 ne 1980, ababundabunda bano bandibadde baafulibwa batuuze ba ggwanga. Wadde nga kumpi ababuundabuunda bonna aba Hutu n’Abatutsi baatuuka ku mitendera egy’amakulu egy’okwegatta (nga abamu bwe baayisibwa obubi era nga batulugunyizibwa n’olulimi lw'okuyisaamu amaaso), abakulembeze baabwe n’abamu ku bakulu tebagwaamu ssuubi lya kirooto kyabwe eky'okuddayo ewaka. Omukisa gw’okuddayo gwatuuka negujja mu mbeera y’olutalo lw’omunda mu Uganda olwaliwo okuva mu 1981 okutuusa mu 1986. Abanyarwanda ababuundabuunda ku kukozesa eryaanyi n'obutabanguko bwa NRM/NRA ekyabasobozessa okufuna eby'obufuzi, obukungu, n’obukugu mu by'amagye, bye baakozesa mungeri enaambulukufu okutuukiriza ebigendererwa byabwe eby’okunyweza. Mushemeza afulumizza nnyo ebiwandiiko mu butabo obuli ku mutendera gw'ensi yonna ne mu ggwanga omuli CODESRIA, ACODE <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.acode-u.org/documents/PRS_31.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207174054/http://www.acode-u.org/documents/PRS_31.pdf |archive-date=7 February 2016 |access-date=7 January 2014}}</ref> ne CEWIGO. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120328060125/http://www.cewigo.org/Publications/CEWIGO%20research-impact%20assessement-women2.pdf "Monitor implementation of the National Action Plan for UNSCR 1325, 1820 and Goma Declaration"], CEWIGO.</ref> Era ye Musunsuzi w'ekitabo ''ekiyitibwa Journal of Development Issues'' . == Obumanyirivu bwe obulala == Wabweru wa yunivasite, Mushemeza ali nnyo mu by'obufuzi bya Uganda. Yali memba w’Olukiiko Olufuzi olwa Ssemateeka 1994–95) olwakubaganya ebirowoozo, okwekenneenya, okusaawo n’okulangirira Ssemateeka wa Uganda, era yali memba wa paalamenti ya Uganda mu 1996. Yaliko Omumyuka wa Ssentebe w’Akakiiko k’Eby'okulonda mu kibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]], <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121020085604/http://allafrica.com/stories/201010250060.html Emmanuel Mulondo, "Uganda: Museveni Appoints New NRM Electoral Commission"], ''The Monitor'', 25 October 2010. AllAfrica.</ref> ekibiina ekifuga mu Uganda. == Obulamu bwe obw'omunda == Elijah Mushemeza abadde mufumbo ne Irene Mushemeza okuva mu 1994. Beebazadde b’abaana bataano. == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * [http://www.nrm.ug/ Omukutu gwa National Resistance Movement omukutu gwa yintaneeti] * [http://bsu.ac.ug/ Omukutu gwa Bishop Stuart University] * [http://codesria.org/ Omukutu gwa CODESRIA] * [http://www.acode-u.org/ Omukutu gwa ACODE] * [http://www.ellapracticalaction.org]  [[Category:Abazaale ba 1964]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abakola ku ludda lw'ebyensoma mu Ankole Western University]] [[Category:Abakozi ku ludda lw'ebyensoma ku Bishop Stuart University]] [[Category:Bannanyabufuzi abatalina bibiina mu Uganda]] [[Category:Ba mmemba ba palamenti ya Uganda eyekkumineemu]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] kq5ar982phgbs9gup4w6qn31xrotlw8 0 12136 66832 45749 2026-08-05T19:10:19Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66832 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Minisitule y'Eby'okwerinda n'Abaazirwanako''' ( '''MODVA''' ) minisitule ya gavumenti evunaanyizibwa ku by'okwerinda n'eby'okwerinda bya [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=GOU |date=15 October 2016 |title=Government of Uganda: Ministry of Defence and Veterans Affairs |url=http://www.gov.ug/ministry/ministry-defence |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119032742/http://www.gov.ug/ministry/ministry-defence |archive-date=19 November 2017 |access-date=15 October 2016 |publisher=[[Government of Uganda]] (GOU)}}</ref> Mu nsonga eno, omulimu gwayo kwe kukuuma, okulwanirira n’okukuuma abantu, ebintu, obwetwaze n’obulungi bw’ebitundu bya Uganda, okuyamba mu kutebenkera mu kitundu n’okuwagira enteekateeka z’ensi yonna ez’emirembe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Our Reporter |date=28 October 2014 |title=UPDF sends 2700 troops to Somalia, names new Commander |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/UPDF-sends-2700-troops-to-Somalia--names-new-Commander/688334-2502526-a6ly0g/index.html |access-date=15 October 2016}}</ref> == Ebikikwatako == Mu biseera by’abafuzi b'amatwaele, amagye g’eggwanga gaali gayitibwa King’s African Rifles (KAR). Oluvannyuma erinnya nerikyusibwa okudda ku Uganda Rifles (UR) neridizibwa ku Uganda Army (UA). Eggye eryalwana [[:en:Uganda_Bush_War|olutalo lw'omunsiko mu Uganda]], okuva nga 8 Ogwokubiri 1981 okutuuka nga 26 Ogwoluberyeberye mu 1986, lyali liyitibwa National Liberation Army. Mu 1995, ssemateeka omupya bwe yalangirirwa, erinnya lyakyusibwa nbatandika kuliyita [[Eggye lya Uganda People's Defense Force|Uganda People's Defence Forces]] (UPDF). <ref>{{Cite web |last=MoDVA |date=20 October 2016 |title=About UPDF |url=http://portal.defence.go.ug:10039/wps/portal/mod-home/armed-forces/updf-links/!ut/p/a1/xVVNc6JAEP0rm4PHOA2IDHubMu5W_Fw1biKX1IgwDsKAMAj46zNaW5WoiSa11i63prtfvX5vpgc56Ak5gm44o5LHgoa72Gk-20PAWhf0DvwiLSCtXgemxsDAk4YqmKkC-OAjcNg_fLAIkJ-_rdGwZ9_fd030iBzkuEImcolmSZxKGn7LuPRqsP0YlsI-bccKdgV6EEuLAmUbax2HNucr8yhtxxZQDOZ6bXgAdvMwDQl1gbphALkhDJw1dpQSyryFl3Em9pHLF2jGyqwqInZbRfnc55yV6cIvlu42iAXj-aIUdOX9EeTMxIeC2EMLiKI2GhntHbWT_pOCC4bsBb1gySVTOpcKFEki5gZmyEk930u9tJ6n6rQspUy-15Q7RVHUFyojXK_O4nrOavBe0zLOJHo6KUYzJYL1hgAmd0D0Fh5P7nSAfhNNTl1JZBSxsKryMihK4VaZH1EebrdFXC5PAPumDsQcaOQHHmug6X8NeMiwbV0ZUGtem-G1AadXB_y6hp1PXC4erNcOUTsnFtIr1en7V0vneNzjq_vuuGdXzXlArXFdwGEbvgzY-cTz8d8MufQKJNE0woHf7TXHuDLCTRQ9Dwa3dI7BMJPN9sFXP_ryNXokNzcvA2eQZQ!!/dl5/d5/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/ |access-date=20 October 2016 |publisher=Uganda Ministry of Defence and Veterans Affairs (MoDVA) |archive-date=20 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020172956/http://portal.defence.go.ug:10039/wps/portal/mod-home/armed-forces/updf-links/!ut/p/a1/xVVNc6JAEP0rm4PHOA2IDHubMu5W_Fw1biKX1IgwDsKAMAj46zNaW5WoiSa11i63prtfvX5vpgc56Ak5gm44o5LHgoa72Gk-20PAWhf0DvwiLSCtXgemxsDAk4YqmKkC-OAjcNg_fLAIkJ-_rdGwZ9_fd030iBzkuEImcolmSZxKGn7LuPRqsP0YlsI-bccKdgV6EEuLAmUbax2HNucr8yhtxxZQDOZ6bXgAdvMwDQl1gbphALkhDJw1dpQSyryFl3Em9pHLF2jGyqwqInZbRfnc55yV6cIvlu42iAXj-aIUdOX9EeTMxIeC2EMLiKI2GhntHbWT_pOCC4bsBb1gySVTOpcKFEki5gZmyEk930u9tJ6n6rQspUy-15Q7RVHUFyojXK_O4nrOavBe0zLOJHo6KUYzJYL1hgAmd0D0Fh5P7nSAfhNNTl1JZBSxsKryMihK4VaZH1EebrdFXC5PAPumDsQcaOQHHmug6X8NeMiwbV0ZUGtem-G1AadXB_y6hp1PXC4erNcOUTsnFtIr1en7V0vneNzjq_vuuGdXzXlArXFdwGEbvgzY-cTz8d8MufQKJNE0woHf7TXHuDLCTRQ9Dwa3dI7BMJPN9sFXP_ryNXokNzcvA2eQZQ!!/dl5/d5/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Gyebasinganibwa == Ekitebe kya minisitule eno ekikulu kisinganibwa mu baalakisi y’amagye e Mbuya, ku luguudo lwa Chwa II, mu [[:en:Nakawa_Division|Divizoni y’e Nakawa]] mu kibuga [[Kampala]], ekibuga kya Uganda ekikulu era ekisinga obunene. <ref>{{Cite web |last=John V Sserwaniko |date=14 May 2007 |title=Uganda: Defence Headquarters to Relocate to Mbuya |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200705140987.html |access-date=15 October 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Matsiko |first=Grace |date=25 December 2007 |title=Uganda: Defence Shifts From Bombo to Mbuya |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200712250020.html |access-date=15 October 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{google maps|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/0%C2%B019'36.0%22N+32%C2%B037'53.0%22E/@0.3291541,32.6195112,2290m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d0.326656!4d32.631375|title=Location of the Headquarters of the Ministry of Defence and Veterans Affairs (Uganda)|accessdate=15 October 2016}}</ref> == Entambuza y'emirimu == Minisitule erondoola amagye emirimu egikolebwa amagye ga UPDF. Kino kikakasa nti UPDF evunaanyizibwa kunsonga z'abantu ba Uganda, wabula nga kisigala kikola mungeri ey'ekikugu, ng’esira baliteeka mu kukuuma banaansi baayo, okulwanirira obwetwaze bw’eggwanga n’okuyamba mu kutebenkera by'omu bitundu. <ref name="Prof">{{Cite web |last=GOU |date=20 October 2016 |title=Ministry of Defence and Veterans Affairs (Uganda) |url=http://www.gov.ug/ministry/ministry-defence |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171119032742/http://www.gov.ug/ministry/ministry-defence |archive-date=19 November 2017 |access-date=20 October 2016 |publisher=[[Government of Uganda]] (GOU)}}</ref> === Abaduumizi === * Minisita w’Eby'okwerinda: Vicent Bamulangaki Sempijja <ref>For example, see ''Tarehe Sita'' no. 29 of March 2016.</ref> * Minisita Omubeezi Ow’eby'okwerinda: Oboth Oboth Markson <ref name="Who">{{Cite web |last=Kasasira |first=Risdel |date=27 November 2014 |title=Who is who? List of UPDF top brass and what they do |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Reviews/Who-is-who--List-of-UPDF-top-brass-and-what-they-do/691232-2536060-d2qq7g/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161128193039/http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Reviews/Who-is-who--List-of-UPDF-top-brass-and-what-they-do/691232-2536060-d2qq7g/index.html |archive-date=28 November 2016 |access-date=15 January 2017}}</ref> * Akulira Amagye: Gen. Muhoozi Kainerugaba <ref name="Out">{{Cite web |last=Kafeero |first=Stephen |date=10 January 2017 |title=Gen Katumba out, Gen Muhoozi appointed new UPDF commander |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Gen-Katumba-out-Gen-Muhoozi-appointed-new-UPDF/688334-3511878-ljebvs/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116153544/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Gen-Katumba-out-Gen-Muhoozi-appointed-new-UPDF/688334-3511878-ljebvs/index.html |archive-date=16 January 2017 |access-date=15 January 2017}}</ref> <ref name="Reshuffle">{{Cite web |last=Kato |first=Joshua |date=24 May 2013 |title=Wilson Mbasu Mbadi new CDF |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1320675/katumba-wamala-cdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109183914/http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1320675/katumba-wamala-cdf |archive-date=9 January 2017 |access-date=8 January 2017}}</ref> * Omumyuka w’Akulira Amagye: Lt. Gen. Peter Elwelu <ref name="Out" /> * Akulira Abakozi Ab’awamu: Maj. Gen. Leopold Kyanda * Abakulu b’Empeereza ** Omuduumizi w’Amagye g’oku lukalu: Maj. General Kayanja Muhanga (okuva mu Ogwekumi 2022) <ref name="Out" /> ** Akulira amagye g’oku lukalu: Bob Ogik (okuva mu Ogwekumineebiri 2016) <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 December 2016 |title=Brigadier Kyanda replaced as UPDF Chief of Staff |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Brigadier-Kyanda-replaced-as-UPDF-Chief-of-Staff/688334-3492624-gbrqai/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170109183902/http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Brigadier-Kyanda-replaced-as-UPDF-Chief-of-Staff/688334-3492624-gbrqai/index.html |archive-date=9 January 2017 |access-date=8 January 2017}}</ref> ** Omuduumizi w’amagye g’omu bbanga: Lt. General Charles Lwanga Lutaaya (okuva mu Ogwoluberyeberye 2017) <ref name="Appointments">{{Cite web |date=10 January 2017 |title=Appointments, transfers and promotions in the Uganda People's Defence Forces (UPDF) |url=https://www.yowerikmuseveni.com/appointments-transfers-and-promotions-uganda-peoples-defence-forces-updf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210180130/https://www.yowerikmuseveni.com/appointments-transfers-and-promotions-uganda-peoples-defence-forces-updf |archive-date=10 December 2017 |access-date=15 January 2017 |publisher=President [[Yoweri Museveni]]}}</ref> ** Omuduumizi w'Amagye ag'enjawulo: brig gen peter onzi chandia (okuva mu Ogwekumineebiri 2020) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kasasira |first=Risdel |date=16 December 2020 |title=Maj Gen Birungi Replaces Don Nabasa As SFC Commander |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Maj-Gen-Birungi-replaces-Don-Nabasa-SFC-Commander/688334-5153820-365whx/index.html |access-date=12 June 2019}}</ref> ** Omuduumizi w’amagye aga Reserve: Lt. General Charles Otema (okuva mu Ogwoluberyeberye 2017) <ref name="Appointments" /> ** Omuduumizi w’amagye g’oku mazzi ga UPDF: Brig Gen Micheal Nyarwa * Abakozi ku kitebe ** Akulira abakozi & abaddukanya emirimu': Brig. Gen. Eugenie Ssebugwawo abadde akola ku nsonga eno ** Akulira ekitongole ekikessi mu magye: Major General James Birungi ** Akulira okutendeka n’okuwandiika abantu: Brigadier General Mathew Gureme ** Akulira eby'okutambuza ebintu ne yinginiya: Brigadier Charles Bakahumura (okuva mu January 2017) <ref name="Out" /> ** Akulira ebyempuliziganya ne tekinologiya w’amawulire: Brigadier Michael Bossa (June 2016) ** Akulira ebyempuliziganya n’amawulire: Colonel Victor Twesigye ** Akulira ebyobufuzi: Major General Henry Masiko (okuva mu Ogwoluberyeberye 2017) <ref name="Female">{{Cite web |date=13 January 2017 |title=Uganda president names first female Major General |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/Uganda-president-names-first-female-Major-General/2558-3516104-15cp50gz/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114214726/https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/Uganda-president-names-first-female-Major-General/2558-3516104-15cp50gz/index.html |archive-date=14 January 2017 |access-date=15 January 2017}}</ref> ** Akulira ebyensimbi: Colonel Baguma Mugume ** Akulira enkolagana y’abantu baabulijjo n’amagye: Brigadier Gen. Rwashande ** Omukulu w’enjigiriza: Lt. General Pecos Kutesa ** Akulira eby’amateeka: Brigadier Gen. Dr. Godard Busingye ** Akulira pulodyusoni: Brigadier Jacob Musajjawaza ** Akulira ebiwandiiko: Colonel Arthur Musinguzi ** Omuduumizi wa poliisi y’amagye: Maj. Gen. Don Naabasa <ref>Previous commander of military police was Brigadier William Bainomugisha (since April 2017) ({{Cite web |last=Mugume |first=Paul |date=12 April 2017 |title=Gen Elweru Preaches Peace as Brig Sabiiti Takes Over Military Police Command |url=http://www.chimpreports.com/gen-elweru-preaches-peace-as-brig-sabiiti-takes-over-as-military-police-commander/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421120319/http://www.chimpreports.com/gen-elweru-preaches-peace-as-brig-sabiiti-takes-over-as-military-police-commander/ |archive-date=21 April 2017 |access-date=3 May 2017 |website=www.chimpreports.com}})</ref> ** Dayirekita w’obusawo: Maj. Gen.Ambrose Musinguzi ** Kkooti y’amagye eya bulijjo: Brig. Gen Robert Freeman Mugabe omusajja omulala ** Akulira eby’akasiimo n’obuyambi: Colonel Metland Bitumbika ** Kaminsona Obwassaabawandiisi mu Ggwanga mu ggwanga: Brigadier General Patrick Mwesigye === Enkula y’ekitongole === Mu by’okuddukanya emirimu, minisitule eno etegekeddwa mu bitongole bisatu: Ekitongole ky’Okuddukanya Emirimu, Ekitongole ky’Eby'ensimbi, n’Ekitongole ky’Okutambuza Ebintu. Omuwandiisi ow’Enkalakalira y’Akulira emirimu era akulira eby’Okubala Ebitabo mu minisitule yonna. <ref name="Prof"/> == Obukulembeze == Minisitule eno ekulemberwa [[Cabinet of Uganda|minisita wa kabineti]]. Minisita w’Eby'okwerinda, okuva mu Gwokuna 2024, ng'era ye [[:en:Jacob_Markson_Oboth|Jacob Markson Oboth]]. <ref name="CurrR">{{Cite web |last=Muhamadi Byemboijana |date=4 April 2024 |title=Jacob Oboth Assumes Office As Minister of Defence |url=https://softpower.ug/jacob-oboth-assumes-office-as-minister-of-defence/ |access-date=27 August 2024 |website=SoftPower}}</ref> === Olukalala lwa baminisita === * [[Milton Obote]] okuva nga 13 Ogwokuna 1962 paka 23 Ogwokutaano 1965) <ref name="bidwell">{{Cite book |last=Bidwell |first=Robin Leonard |date=1978 |title=Guide to African ministers |url=https://archive.org/details/guidetoafricanmi0000bidw |publisher=R. Collings |isbn=0860360644 |location=London}}</ref> * [[:en:Felix_Kenyi_Onama|Felix Kenyi Onama]] okuva nga 23 Ogwokutaano 1965 paka 2 Ogwokubiri 1971) <ref name="bidwell" /> * [[Idi Amin]] Okuva nga 2 Ogwokubiri 1971 okutuuka 16 Ogwomukaaga 1971) <ref name="bidwell" /> * [[:en:Charles_Oboth_Ofumbi|Charles Oboth Ofumbi]] okuva nga 16 Ogwomukaaga 1971 okutuuka 28 Ogwomunaana 1973 <ref name="bidwell" /> * [[:en:Francis_Nyangweso|Francis Nyangweso]] okuva nga 28 Ogwomunaana 1973 okutuuka 27 Ogwomuna 1974) <ref name="bidwell" /> * Idi Amin okuva 27 Ogwokubiri 1974 okutuuka 12 Ogwomusanvu 1975 <ref name="bidwell" /> * [[Mustafa Adrisi]] okuva nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1975 <ref name="bidwell" /> okutuuka 8 Ogwokutaano 1978 * [[Paulo Muwanga]] okuva Ogwekumineebiri 1980 okutuuka Ogwomusanvu 1985 * [[Crispus Kiyonga]] okuva 1 nga Ogwomukaaga 2006 okutuusa 6 Ogwomukaaga 2016 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mukasa |first=Henry |date=2 June 2006 |title=Ministries Allocated |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/501695 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211112501/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/501695 |archive-date=11 December 2014 |access-date=18 April 2019 |format=Archived from the original on 11 December 2014}}</ref> * [[Adolf Mwesige]] okuva nga 6 Ogwomukaaga 2016 okutuusa 8 Ogwomukaaga 2021 <ref>{{cite news|date=7 June 2016|title=Museveni appoints his wife to key ministry in new cabinet|language=en|work=Africanews|url=https://www.africanews.com/2016/06/07/museveni-appoints-his-wife-to-key-ministry-in-new-cabinet//|access-date=28 August 2022|archive-date=21 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250221143431/https://www.africanews.com/2016/06/07/museveni-appoints-his-wife-to-key-ministry-in-new-cabinet//|url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Vincent Ssempijja]] okuva nga 8 Ogwomukaaga 2021 okutuusa 4 Ogwokuna 2024 <ref>{{Cite web |last=[[New Vision]] |date=9 June 2021 |title=President Museveni names new Cabinet |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/105545 |access-date=16 July 2021 |website=[[New Vision]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=New Vision |date=21 March 2024 |title=Cabinet Reshuffle: Kitutu, Ssempijja Dropped As Barugahara, Mbadi Appointed |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/politics/cabinet-reshuffle-kitutu-ssempijja-dropped-as-NV_184091 |access-date=27 August 2024 |website=[[New Vision]]}}</ref> * [[:en:Jacob_Markson_Oboth|Jacob Markson Oboth]] okuva nga 4 Ogwokuna 2024 okutuusa kati <ref name="CurrR"/> == Laba ne == * [[Eggye lya Uganda People's Defense Force]] * [[Cabinet of Uganda|Kabineeti ya Uganda]] * [[Parliament of Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] * [[:en:Uganda_Ministry_of_Defence_Headquarters|Ekitebe kya minisitule y'Eby'okwerinda mu Uganda ekikulu]] == Ebijuliziddwaamu == {{Reflist}} == Ewalala w'oyinza okubigya == * [http://www.defence.go.ug/ Omukutu gwa Minisitule y’eby'okwerinda n’abaazirwanako mu Uganda] bu9m9dmoz0cnh857kmlw0l1au2ttqwx 0 12143 66827 63709 2026-08-05T19:06:54Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66827 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''The AIDS Support Organization (TASO)''' kitongole ekyatandikibwawo mu ggwanga okuyambako mu kuweereza n'okudduukirira abalwadde ba [[siriimu]] n'abalina akawuka akaleeta [[Siriimu|mukenenya]], ekyawandiisibwa mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]] wabula nga [[si kitongole kya gavumenti]]. Ky'ekyatandikawo wabula nga si kya mu bantu mu kudduukirira abalwadde b'Akawuka akaleeta mukenenya n'Obulwadde bwa Siriimu mu Uganda. TASO kibiina kya ba memba abasoba mu 4,000 nga bawandiise.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO)|url=https://www.tasouganda.org/|website=www.tasouganda.org|access-date=7 May 2015|first=Sylvia|last=Matovu}}</ref> == Okwanjula mu bufunze == TASO yatandikibwawo mu mwaka gwa 1987 ekibinja ky'abakozi b'ebyobulamu abaali balabye engeri embi ennyo gye baali bayisaamu abalwadde abaali balaga obubonero bwa Mukenenya (AIDS) mu waadi z'[[Eddwaliro ly'e Mulago]] mu Kampala. Mu kusooka, kyali kibinja kitono eky'abantu abaali basisinkana mu butongole okwogera ku siriimu n'akawuka akaleeta mukenenya<ref name="Miss2">{{cite book |title=We Miss You All|publisher=SAFAIDS|author=Noerine Kaleeba|edition=3rd|author2=Sunanda Ray}}</ref>: olupapula 33 oluvannyuma ne kikula ne kifuuka ekitongole ekitegekeddwa obulungi. Kyafuuka ekimu ku [[bitongole ebikulu ebirabirira abalwadde ba siriimu n'abalina akawuka ka mukenenya mu Uganda.]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rujumba|first1=Joseph|title="Telling my husband I have HIV is too heavy to come out of my mouth". pregnant women's disclosure experiences and support needs following antenatal HIV testing in Eastern Uganda|journal=Journal of the International AIDS Society|volume=15|issue=2|article-number=17429|url=http://www.jiasociety.org/index.php/jias/articles/view/17429|access-date=13 May 2014|pmid=22905360|pmc=3494159|year=2012|last2=Neema|first2=S.|last3=Byamugisha|first3=R.|last4=Tylleskär|first4=T.|last5=Tumwine|first5=J. K.|last6=Heggenhougen|first6=H. K.|doi=10.7448/ias.15.2.17429}}{{dead link|date=May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Second Philly Lutaaya Memorial Lecture|date=29 October 2004|publisher=Quality Chemicals Ltd.|page=8}}</ref> TASO bwe yatandika, Uganda yali edda ngulu okuva mu lutalo olwaleeta gavumenti eriwo mu buyinza kati.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Williams|first1=Glen|title=From Fear to Hope. AIDS care and Prevention at Chikankata Hospital, Zambia|date=January 1992|publisher=Strategies for Hope|isbn=1-872502-14-8|page=3|edition=Revised}}</ref> TASO yatandikibwawo okusobola okuwa essuubi n’okubudaabuda abalwadde abaali basosolebwa era emirundi mingi ne balekebwawo abenganda zaabwe okufa nga bali mu malwaliro.<ref name="Curriculum2">{{cite book |title=Curriculum for HIV/AIDS Counselors|date=1995|publisher=TASO (U) Ltd.|author=TASO|edition=3rd}}</ref> :  olupapula ii <ref name="Miss2" /> : empapula 32–33  Nga omuwendo gw’abantu abajjanga eri ekibinja kino ekitono okunoonya okubudaabudibwa bwe gweyongera, okuwa amagezi n’obujjanjabi bw’ebirowoozo (counselling) kyafuuka empeereza eyetaagisa okusobola okukuumira awamu abo abaali banoonya obuyambi.<ref name="Curriculum2" /> : omuko ii  Mu 2008, TASO yali ekuze n’efuuka ekimu ku bitongole ebisinga obunene ekyatandikibwaawo mu Uganda, nga kiyamba n'okulabirira abalwadde ba siriimu n'abalina akawuka akaleeta mukenenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=HIV/AIDS in Uganda|url=http://www.ugandapicks.com/2011/12/hivaids-in-uganda.html|publisher=Uganda Picks|access-date=4 March 2014|author=Susan Kabarwani|year=2008|archive-date=14 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114130028/http://www.ugandapicks.com/2011/12/hivaids-in-uganda.html}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lwa Christopher Kaleeba, omukugu mu by’okukuba ebifaananyi by’omubiri (radiographer), okukeberebwa n’azuulibwa ng’alina siriimu, n’ayisibwa obubi [[Olw’okusosolwa|olw’okusosolwa n’okusalirwa omusango]] okuva eri bakozi banne mu [[Ddwaaliro e Mulago]], yateesa eri mukyala we ([[Noerine Kaleeba]]) ne mikwano gye okutandikawo ekibinja eky’obuwagizi okusobola okukubiriza n’okuyamba abantu abalina Siriimu n’abo abakoseddwa siriimu n'akawuka ka mukenenya nga bali mu ddwaaliro. <ref name="Miss2" /> Ekibinja ekitono, ekyali kirimu abakozi b’ebyobulamu n’abamu ku balwadde, kyaweebwa ekisenge mu kalwaliro ka pooliyo akatono mu Ddwaaliro e Mulago, Baatandika okuwa empeereza z’obujjanjabi eri abalwadde abajja okulabibwa mu ddwaliro ne baddayo awaka, nga tebeetaaga kusula mu ddwaliro, Nga zitegekebwa Elly Katabira ng’eddwaliro erikola ku balwadde ba AIDS.<ref name="Strategies2">{{cite book |title=HIV Infection. Diagnostic and treatment strategies for Health Care workers|date=2000|publisher=STD/AIDS Control Programme. Ministry of Health|location=Kampala|author=Elly T. Katabira|author2=Moses R. Kamya|author3=Francis X. Mubiru|author4=Nathan N. Bakyaita}}</ref> : olupapula 122  Mu 1989, TASO yakyaza [[Philly Bongole Lutaaya|Philly Lutaaya]], omuyimbi omumanyifu, omulwanirizi w'eddembe ly'abalwadde abalina mukenenya, era nga ye muntu eyasooka okuvaayo mulwatu n'alangirira nga bweyali alina obulwadde bwa Siriimu mu Uganda. Oluyimba lwe '''Alone''' lwatwalibwa ng’oluyimba lw'ekitongole kya TASO nga kw’otadde n’ebibiina ebirala bingi ebiyamba mukulwanyisa mukenenya mu Uganda n'okulabirira abalina obulwadde buno, nga kwekuli n’amawanga amalala mangi.<ref>{{cite book |title=Open Secret. People facing up to HIV and AIDS in Uganda|publisher=ActionAid|location=Oxford|isbn=1-872502-55-5|pages=24–25|author=Noerine Kaleeba|author2=Joyce Namulondo Kadowe|author3=Daniel Kalinaki|author4=Glen Williams|editor=Glen Williams|year=2000}}</ref><ref name="Miss2" /> : olupapula 63 Nga bagoberera eky'okulabirako kya Philly Lutaaya, abantu abaali bafuna obuyambi okuva mu kibiina kino era nga balina obusobozi mu kuyimba, okuzina n’okukola emizannyo, baatandika okukola ebivvulu mu bitundu by’abantu eby’enjawulo okusomesa n’okumanyisa abantu ku bulwadde bwa siriimu n'akawuka ka mukenenya. <ref name="United2">{{cite book|title=UNITED AGAINST AIDS: The Story of TASO|date=2007|publisher=Strategies for Hope Trust|isbn=978-1-905746-06-4|editor=Glen Williams}}</ref> : olupapula 31 Enkozesa y’ennyimba, amazina ne katemba yakoppebwa mu bifo bya TASO eby'enjawulo byonna era ne kifuuka ekintu ekikulu eky’okukunga abantu n’okubamannyisa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Rna_m3dwZw|title=TASO Centers|website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Ku nkomerero ya 1993, TASO yali egaziye okuva ku disitulikiti emu okutuuka ku disitulikiti musanvu mu Uganda.<ref>{{cite book |title=TASO Uganda. The Inside Story. Participatory evaluation of HIV/AIDS counseling, medical and social services 1993-1994|date=1995|publisher=TASO, WHO|page=viii|quote=Countless organisations and programmes have already been inspired by the effective model offered by TASO. Dr. M.H. Merson. Executive Director. WHO Global Programme on AIDS|hdl=10665/61142}}</ref> == Enkolagana == Nga bali wamu n’ekibiina ekirala ekiyitibwa [[Traditional and modern Health practitioners Together Against AIDS (THETA)]], TASO yatandikawo enkolagana n’abasawo b’ekinaansi mu 1992 okubawa obukugu bw'omusingi mu kubudaabuda wamu n’okumanya ebikwata ku bulwadde bwa siriimu.<ref name="Strategies2" /> : olupapula 164  Okuva mu Gwekumi 1999 okutuuka mu 2007, TASO yakolagana n’ekibiina ky’Abakyala abalina Akawuka ka Siriimu mu ggwanga okuddukanya pulojekiti y’Okuwonya Abaana. Pulojekiti eno yamalawo ddoola 1,000,000 era yayamba abaana 435 okutumbula obukugu bwabwe mu kusoma n’okuwandiika n’okufuna obukugu obwetaagisa okusobola okuwangaala.<ref name="Children2">{{cite book |title=USAID Project Profiles: Children Affected by HIV/AIDS|date=September 2003|publisher=US Agency for International Development}}</ref> : olupapula 74  Okuva mu Gwekumi 2000 okutuuka mu 2007, TASO yassa mu nkola enkola y’okutendekebwa mu by’emikono eri abaana abeetaaga okuyambibwako. Yamala ddoola 926,355, ng’abaana 832 beebaaganyulwamu nga bayita mu kutendekebwa n'abakugu.<ref name="Children2" /> : olupapula 75  Okuva mu 2004 okutuuka mu 2006, TASO yakolagana n’ekitongole ky'Eggwanga Ekikola mu Kunonyerea ku by'Obulimu mu Uganda okussa mu nkola pulojekiti y'eby'okwerinda mu By'emmere . Nga bayita mu nkolagana eno, ebibiina byombi byasobola okukola ku nsonga ezikwata ku bbula ly’emmere mu maka g'omubyalo mu Uganda naddala mu disitulikiti y’e Tororo. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> TASO nayo ekwataganye n’amagye agali mu yunifoomu.<ref>{{cite web |last=Nakabugo|first=Goretti|title=Gunning down new infections and scaling up HIV prevention. A case study of the Uganda Uniformed forces in collaboration with TASO Uganda.|date=8 April 2013|url=http://www.slideshare.net/RegionalAIDSTraining/goretti-nakabugo-taso-uganda?v=default&b=&from_search=1|publisher=RATN|access-date=25 February 2014}}</ref> Enteekateeka ya TASO eya 2013 okutuuka 2017 yasaba obuvujjirizi obusingawo okuva mu ggwanga n'ensi yonna okulabirira obuweereza obwekuusa ku nsonga z'Obulwadde bwa siriimu mu Uganda. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> TASO yakolagana n'Ekitongole Ekivunaanyizibwa ku By'okugaba Emmere mu Nsi yonna okuwa ba kasitoma baayo emmere. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> TASO era yakitegeera nti ba kasitoma baali beetaaga ensibuko y’okweyimirizaawo era, n’olwekyo, yakolagana ne Pulojekiti y’Enkoko okuwa amaka enkoko n'ebisolo ebirala ng'embizzi okusobola okubayamba okufuna ensimbi n'okweyimirizaawo mu by'enfuna.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/635552-congratulations-taso-uganda-on-your-silver-jubilee.html|title=congratulations-taso-uganda-on-your-silver-jubilee|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140310093238/http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/635552-congratulations-taso-uganda-on-your-silver-jubilee.html|archive-date=2014-03-10}}</ref> == Empeereza == === Eby'obujjanjabi === * Enteekateeka y'ekizaala gumba<ref>{{cite book |url=http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADN571.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090725061837/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADN571.pdf|archive-date=July 25, 2009|title=Sexual and reproductive health needs of adolescents perinatally infected with HIV in Uganda|first1=Harriet|last1=Birungi|first2=John Frank|last2=Mugisha|first3=Juliana|last3=Nyombi|first4=Francis|last4=Obare|first5=Humphres|last5=Evelia|first6=Hannington|last6=Nyinkavu|date=July 2008|publisher=United States Agency for International Development; Ford Foundation; The AIDS Support Organisation; Frontiers in Reproductive Health, Population Council|page=6}}</ref> * Empeereza y'okulabirira awaka<ref>{{cite magazine |title=The Transformer|date=2006|publisher=The Presidential Transformers Award 2006|location=Kampala, Uganda|page=37|edition=Special|type=Magazine}}</ref> * Okubudaabudibwa abalwadde b'akawuuka akaleeta mukeneya ** Okubuulirira nokukeberebwa akawuka ka siriimu mu maka ** Okubudaabudibwa nga tebannaba kugezesebwa n’oluvannyuma lw’okukeberebwa<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Rujumba J.|title=Pregnant women's experiences of routine counseling and testing for HIV in Eastern Uganda: a qualitative study|url=https://archive.org/details/pubmed-PMC3665685|journal=BMC Health Services Research|date=24 May 2013|page=[https://archive.org/details/pubmed-PMC3665685/page/n12 13]|display-authors=etal}}</ref> * Okukulaakulanya obusobozi ** Obujjanjabi bwa TASO obw’okubunyisa amawulire bwaggyibwawo mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’ensimbi okuva mu kitongole kya USAID okukendeera.<ref>{{cite web |last=Birungi|first=Sandra|title=TASO faces closure as it closes its outreach clinics|url=http://www.ugandapicks.com/2012/05/taso-faces-closure-as-it-closes-its-outreach-centers-48876.html|publisher=Uganda Picks|access-date=25 February 2014|archive-date=14 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114130026/http://www.ugandapicks.com/2012/05/taso-faces-closure-as-it-closes-its-outreach-centers-48876.html}}</ref> ** Mu 2013, TASO yatandikawo empeereza mu kujjanjaba n’okuzuula yinfenkisoni endala eziweebwa omukisa nga kookolo w’omumwa gwa nnabaana n’akafuba. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2017)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Mu mwaka gwe gumu, TASO yagaziya ku mpeereza yaayo n’eyingizaamu [[okukomolebwa kw’abasajja.]] <ref>{{cite news |title=TASO to offer more services|newspaper=The New Vision|date=28 August 2013|author=Carol Kasujja|page=3}}</ref> * Empeereza y’Abavubuka * Empeereza eyamba abavubuka * Okutangira akawuka ka siriimu ** TASO ewagidde kaweefube w’okulwanyisa obusosoze mu bafumbo okwongera okukozesa obuweereza obukwata ku siriimu mu Uganda.<ref>{{cite web |title=Stigma hinders couples with HIV and AIDS in rural Uganda from accessing services|url=http://www.search4dev.nl/download/417820/363586.pdf|publisher=Exchange|access-date=26 February 2014|author=Okoboi Stephen|pages=8–9|year=2012|archive-date=14 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114125958/http://www.search4dev.nl/download/417820/363586.pdf}}</ref> * Ekitundu ky’emmere n’endya * Okunoonyereza ** TASO ebadde yeenyigira mu nteekateeka z’omukitundu eziwerako wamu n’okunoonyereza ku bujjanjabi obukwata ku siriimu n’okugezesa eddagala.<ref name="Strategies2" /> : omuko xiv  ** TASO ekwataganye ne [[Yunivasite y’e Ottawa]] ku kunoonyereza ku [[nsimbi entonotono]], okugezesebwa mu malwaliro, n’enyingiza ya ba kasitoma abalina akawuka ka siriimu mu Afrika. <ref>{{Cite journal |title=Cohort Profile: The TASO-CAN Cohort Collaboration|url=http://ije.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2011/03/06/ije.dyr033|journal=International Journal of Epidemiology|date=7 March 2011|access-date=7 May 2015|issn=0300-5771|pmid=21382975|pages=946–950|doi=10.1093/ije/dyr033|first1=Celestin|last1=Bakanda|first2=Josephine|last2=Birungi|first3=Abdallah|last3=Nkoyooyo|first4=Amber|last4=Featherstone|first5=Curtis L.|last5=Cooper|first6=Robert S.|last6=Hogg|first7=Edward J.|last7=Mills|volume=41|issue=4|doi-access=free}}</ref> * Ebitabo ebifulumizibwa mu kunoonyereza ** ''Good Adherence to HAART and improved survival in a community HIV/AIDS treatment and care programme: the experience of The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO) Kampala, Uganda.''. Yafulumizibwa nga 20 Ogwekuminoogumu 2008 aba [[BMC Health Services Research]] 2008, 8:241. doi:10 1186/1472-6963/8/241. Abaasa M. Andrew ne banne. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Good+Adherence+to+HAART+and+improved+survival+in+a+community+HIV%2FAIDS+treatment+and+care+programme%3A+the+experience+of+The+AIDS+Support+Organisation+(TASO)] ** ''Reliability of scored patient generated subjective global assessment for nutritional status among HIV infected adults in TASO, Kampala. Published 2011''. Yafulumizibwa 2011 ekitongole kya [[African Health Sciences]] 2011; 11(S1): S86 - S92. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Reliability+of+scored+patient+generated+subjective+global+assessment+for+nutritional+status+among+HIV+infected+adults+in+TASO%2C+Kampala] == Amatabi ga TASO == TASO etaddewo ebifo kkumi na bibiri okwetoloola eggwanga. <ref name="United2" /> # Mulago (yatandikibwawo mu Gwekuminoogumu mu 1987) # Masaka (yatandikibwawo mu Gwokutaano 1988) # Ekifo ekitendeka abantu ekya TASO (kyatandikibwawo mu GweKkumi 1988) # Tororo (yatandikibwawo mu Gwekuminoogumu 1988) # Mbarara (yatandikibwawo mu Gwolubereberye 1989) # Mbale (yatandikibwawo mu Gwokusatu 1990) # Jinja (yatandikibwawo mu Gwokusatu 1991) # Entebbe (yatandikibwawo mu Gwekuminoogumu 1991) # Gulu (yatandikibwawo mu Gwolubereberye 2004) # Rukungiri (yatandikibwawo mu Gwomunaana 2004) # Soroti (yatandikibwawo mu Gwomunaana 2004) # Masindi (yatandikibwawo mu Gwomunaana 2005) == Pulojekiti == === Eziri mu nkola === * Ekitongole ekiddukanya ensimbi z’obuyambi * SCALAP - Karamoja, === EzaakomeKkerera === * TEACH - (Yatandika mu 2005, okuwagira ebikolebwa okudduukirira abalwadde ba Siriimu mu bitundu ebisinganibwa mu Bukiika ddyo bw'eddungu lya Sub Saharan mu Afirika okuzimba obusobozi bwabwe mu kuwa obuweereza obukwata ku siriimu.) <ref>{{cite web |last=Okoboi |first=Stephen |title=TASO Experiential Attachment to Combat HIV/AIDS (TEACH) |url=http://www.hivcapacityforum.org/userfiles/Stephen%20Okoboi_Taso_session9.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114135354/http://www.hivcapacityforum.org/userfiles/Stephen%20Okoboi_Taso_session9.pdf |archive-date=14 January 2015 |access-date=25 February 2014 |publisher=HIV Capacity Forum}}</ref> * SCOT * REACH U * PrEP * OKUBEEZAAWO * Nu-Hites == Laba ne == * [[Traditional and modern Health practitioners Together Against AIDS (THETA)]] * [[Ddwaaliro e Mulago]] * [[Noerine Kaleeba]] * [[BMC Health Services Research]] * [[okukomolebwa kw’abasajja.]] * [[Siriimu|mukenenya]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist|2}} == Eby'okwongera okusoma == * {{Cite book |last=Weeks |first=Benjamin |date=2009 |title=AIDS: The Biological Basis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=evvOx38N1REC&q=aids |publisher=Malloy Inc. |isbn=978-0-7637-6324-4 |edition=5th |access-date=7 May 2015}} * {{Cite book |year=1995 |title=Facts about HIV infection and disease |publisher=TASO Uganda |location=Kampala}} * {{Cite book |last=Janie Hampton |year=1991 |title=Living Positively with AIDS |publisher=ActionAid |isbn=1-872502-13-X |edition=Revised}} * {{Cite book |date=1991 |title=Living with AIDS in the Community. A book to help people make the best of Life |publisher=World Health Organization |hdl=10665/58366 |hdl-access=free}} * {{Cite book |last=Katherine Coon |year=2007 |title=Transcending Boundaries to improve the food security of HIV - affected households in Rural Uganda: A Case Study |last2=Jessica Ogden |last3=John Odolon |last4=Anthony Obudi-Owor |last5=Charles Otim |last6=James Byakigga |last7=Peter Ssebbanja |publisher=Population Council}} [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] [[Category:Okukubiriza n'okulwanirira entegeka ez'okulwanyisa mukenenya]] [[Category:Ebitongole ebitali bya kukola magoba ebisangibwa mu Uganda]] [[Category:Ebitongole ebyatandikibwawo mu 1987]] [[Category:EEbyassibwawo mu Uganda mu 1987]] [[Category:Akawuka ka mukenenya n'endwadde yaako mu Uganda]] tlzhh9a528jh5wi9nw0dvedakmk269y 0 12246 66846 58289 2026-08-05T19:26:27Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66846 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Roy D. Mugerwa''' (2 Ogwoluberebrye 1942 – 19 Ogwokuna 2019) yali [[:en:Uganda|Munnayuganda]] omusawo w'emitima era nga munoonyereza. Ebintu by’akola mu nsi y’ebyenjigiriza mulimu okubeera [[:en:Professor_emeritus|Pulofeesa eyawummula]] mu [[:en:Makerere_University_College_of_Health_Sciences|Makerere University College of Health Sciences]] mu [[:en:Kampala|Kampala]], [[:en:Cardiology|omukugu mu by'emitima]] mu Uganda , okunoonyereza ku [[:en:HIV/AIDS|kawuka ka siriimu]], [[:en:Tuberculosis|n'akafuba]] n’okufuba okunoonya [[:en:HIV_vaccine|eddagala erigema akawuka ka siriimu]] erikola obulungi . <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":02"/> == Obuvo bwe == Mugerwa yazaalibwa nga 2 Ogwoluberebrye 1942, bazadde be Yowana Ziryawula ne Maria Namatovu. <ref name=":02"/> Yasomera mu [[:en:St._Mary's_College_Kisubi|St. Mary's College Kisubi]] mu kumaliriza siniya eyookuna ne siniya eyoomukaaga era yali ku ntikko mu kibiina kye okumala emyaka gyonna omukaaga. Bwe yamaliriza, yaweebwa ekifo mu [[:en:Makerere_University|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], yunivasite ya gavumenti esinga obukadde era esinga obunene mu Uganda, era n’amaliriza ddiguli esooka ne ddiguli eyookubiri. Yatendekebwa mu by'obusawo n'eby'omutima mu [[:en:Mulago_Hospital|ddwaaliro e Mulago]] era n'asomerako ne mu [[:en:United_States|Amerika]], [[:en:United_Kingdom|Bungereza]] ne [[:en:Netherlands|Budaaki]] . Oluvannyuma yakomawo mu Uganda n’akulaakulanya omulimu gwe mu Kampala, n’aweereza ng’omusomesa mu ddwaaliro ly'eMulago ne Yunivasite y’e Makerere. <ref name=":1"/> == Omulimu gwe == === Omulimu gwe ogwasooka === Dr. Mugerwa yasooka kukuguka mu kujjanjaba mitima, era kino kye yakola mu ntandikwa y’omulimu gwe. Mu mwaka gwa 1972, y’omu ku banoonyereza abataano abaasooka okutendekebwa mu ddwaaliro lya Mulago Cardiac Clinic, nga lino lye lyasookera ddala mu kitongole kya [[:en:Uganda_Heart_Institute|Uganda Heart Institute]] (UHI) nga bweyitibwa kati. <ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1314847/mulago-handle-heart-surgery</ref> Dr. Mugerwa teyakoma ku kuba na mulimu mu kutandikawo UHI, naye era yaweereza nga Executive Director ne Director. Mu kaweefube omulala gw’akola mu nsi y’obulamu bw’omutima mu Uganda kwe kuleeta enkola ya [[:en:Echocardiography|echocardiography]], okutandikawo eddwaaliro lya [[:en:Hypertension|puleesa]] eryasooka mu ggwanga, n’okutandikawo ekibiina ekigatta omutima ekya Uganda Heart Association. <ref name=":1"/> === Ekirwadde kya siriimu === Omulimu gwa Dr. Mugerwa yateranga okuva ku by’emitima oluvannyuma lw’okuzuula nti akawuka ka siriimu kaali katuuse mu Uganda. Munnasayansi [[:en:Wilson_Carswell|Wilson Carswell]] bwe yasooka okukakasa nti waliwo abalwadde ba siriimu mu ddwaaliro e Mulago mu 1984, Dr. Mugerwa yali mu ttiimu eyamwegattako nga bwe bagenda [[Masaka]] ne [[Rakai]] ne bakizuula nti n’akawuka kaasaasaanira eyo. Baafulumya bye baazuula mu 1985, nga balowooza nti Bannayuganda bano baalina ekirwadde kya ekyalina akabonero k'okukenenya omubiri era nga kalina obubonero bwa Siriimu, nga bakayita Bulwadde bwa Siriimu, wadde nga oluvannyuma kyandizuulwa nti baali bafa mukenenya. <ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Iliffe, John. |date=1998 |title=East African doctors: a history of the modern profession |url=https://archive.org/details/eastafricandocto0000ilif |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0-521-63272-2 |location=Cambridge |oclc=38067736}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumi 1985, nga wayiseewo akaseera katono nga bafulumye ekitabo kyabwe ekya Slim Disease, Dr. Mugerwa yeetabye mu musomo ku mukenenya mu masekkati ga Afrika, ogwateekebwawo ekitongole ky’ebyobulamu mu nsi yonna (WHO). Omusomo guno gwateesa ku ky’okussaawo enkola y’okulondoola akawuka ka mukenenya mu buli nsi ya Afrika, egenda okuvunaanibwa okukakasa nti mukenenya aliwo n’okukung’aanya ebikwata ku mukenenya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 1985 |title=Workshop on AIDS in Central Africa |url=https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/60154/WHO_CDS_AIDS_85.1.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |access-date=29 May 2020 |website=World Health Organization}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Thornton, Robert J. |date=2008 |title=Unimagined community: sex, networks, and AIDS in Uganda and South Africa. |url=https://archive.org/details/unimaginedcommun0000thor |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-94265-3 |location=Berkeley |oclc=609850137}}</ref> Era baassa essira ku kuwasa omukyala omu, okulaga mu lwatu embeera y’omuntu alina akawuka ka siriimu, n’okwongera ku muwendo gw’okukeberebwa akawuka ka siriimu okuliwo. <ref name=":2" /> Mu myaka gya 1980, Dr. Mugerwa yali Dayirekita w’obusawo mu ddwaaliro e Mulago, abalwadde ba [[:en:Prevalence|mukenenya]] gye baatuuka ku bitundu 40% mu 1988. Mu kiseera kino, yalwanagana n’okukeberebwa [[:en:Diagnosis_of_HIV/AIDS|okukebera akawuka ka siriimu]], omujjuzo gw’amalwaliro, n’okusoomoozebwa okusalawo okutegeeza abalwadde nti bafa mukenenya, olw’okuvumwavumwa n’okuswala okwali kwetoolodde obulwadde buno. <ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/wellness/1988/05/24/out-of-africa/070307da-5dbc-4324-b014-eae7db352446/?noredirect=on</ref> Ebweru w’emirimu gy’eddwaliro, yali omu ku baatandikawo ekibiina kya Uganda- [[:en:Case_Western_Reserve_University|Case Western Reserve University]] Research Collaboration era n’akwata ekifo ky’omunoonyereza [[:en:Principal_investigator|omukulu akulembera]] okumala emyaka amakumi abiri. <ref name=":1"/> Ensonga enkulu mu nkolagana eno yali siriimu n’[[:en:Coinfection|okusiiga]] akafuba mu bantu abalina akawuka ka siriimu, era kino kyakolebwa okusinga nga bayita mu kunoonyereza okw’obujjanjabi, okuwa abalwadde obujjanjabi, n’okunoonyereza ku nkola z’obujjanjabi n’okuziyiza. Enkolagana eno eyatandikibwawo mu 1988, n’okutuusa kati. <ref>https://case.edu/medicine/tbru/collaborations-partnerships/uganda-cwru-research-collaboration</ref> Ku mukolo gw’okujaguza emyaka 20, kyategeezebwa nti enkolagana eno yali ewadde Bannayuganda abasukka mu ataano diguli ez’omutendera ogw’oku ntikko, yafulumya emiko egisukka mu bikumi bibiri mu bitabo ebikebereddwa bannaabwe, era nga gyayanjulwa mu nkuŋŋaana ezisukka mu bikumi bitaano. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190423161014/https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/688334-752822-ct4dm2z/index.html</ref> Dr. Mugerwa era yali mmemba w’ekibiina ekigatta abayivu ekya Academic Alliance for AIDS Care and Prevention in Africa. <ref>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16439324</ref> Yatandikibwawo mu 2001, Omukago gwasobola okuwa obujjanjabi eri abalwadde abalina akawuka ka siriimu, okutendeka abasawo ku ndabirira ya siriimu, okuteekawo enteekateeka okwongera ku kaweefube w’okubunyisa amawulire n’okuziyiza, n’okuwa ebikozesebwa mu laabu. [[:en:Infectious_Diseases_Institute|Ekitongole ky’endwadde ezisiigibwa]] ku yunivasite y’e Makerere kyatema evvuunike mu 2003 okuyambako okutuukiriza kaweefube ono. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.infectioncontroltoday.com/viral/academic-alliance-aids-care-and-prevention-africa-breaks-ground-state-art-infectious-diseases |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-10-17 |archive-date=2020-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610190354/https://www.infectioncontroltoday.com/viral/academic-alliance-aids-care-and-prevention-africa-breaks-ground-state-art-infectious-diseases |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu kiseera kino, okwekengera okwali kubuusabuusa oba ddala akawuka ka siriimu kaleeta mukenenya kwali kutambula, era bino byawagirwa pulezidenti wa [[:en:South_Africa|South Afrika]], [[:en:Thabo_Mbeki|Thabo Mbeki]] . Mu kuwakanya ebigambo bino eby’abawakanya, bannassaayansi abasukka mu nkumi ttaano baassa omukono ku [[:en:Durban_Declaration|kiwandiiko kya Durban Declaration]] mu 2000, ekyalaga okunoonyereza okuwerako okukwataganya akawuka ka siriimu ng’akawuka kokka akaleeta mukenenya. <ref>https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2007/03/12/the-denialists</ref> Dr. Mugerwa yalaga obuwagizi bwe eri ennyikira y’ekirangiriro kya Durban bwe yali ku kakiiko akategesi. <ref>https://doi.org/10.1038%2F35017662</ref> === Okugezesa okugema akawuka ka siriimu === Okuva mu 1999 okutuuka mu 2002, Dr. Mugerwa yakola okugezesa eddagala eriyinza okugema akawuka ka siriimu mu Uganda, nga lye lyasoose mu Afrika. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=https://africa-health.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/AH-October-2019-40-obituary.pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-10-17 |archive-date=2020-07-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200712072643/https://africa-health.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/AH-October-2019-40-obituary.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":0">http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1056279/aids-drug-test-stopped</ref> Waaliwo okweraliikirira ku bulamu bwa bannakyewa abaawandiikibwa, naye ebisaanyizo by’empisa ebya b<ref name=":0" />ulijjo byalekebwawo olw’obwetaavu bw’okugema mu bwangu nga bwe kisoboka. Uganda yalina akawuka ka siriimu nga 20% mu 1998, era bannansi abasinga tebaasobola kwesasulira [[:en:Antiretrovirals|ddagala eriweweeza ku siriimu]] eryetaagisa okutangira mukenenya. <ref>https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/world/africa/100198uganda-aids-vaccine.html</ref> Kyokka essuubi ly’okugezesa eddagala erigema teryali lya bwereere. Waaliwo okutya olw’obulungi bw’eddagala lino mu bya ssaayansi, abagema okukeberebwa mu bukyamu nga balina akawuka ka siriimu, n’okukozesa Bannayuganda ng’embizzi za guinea mu kugezesa okw’akabi okwandigasizza amawanga g’obugwanjuba gokka. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9970-25-149-0</ref> Eddagala lino (eryatuumibwa ALVAC 205) lyakeberebwa ku Bannayuganda amakumi ana abatalina siriimu, kyokka ne liyimirizibwa mu [[:en:Phase_I_clinical_research|mutendera I]] oluvannyuma lw’okugema okupya okutandika okufaayo ennyo. <ref name=":0"/> Emabegako waaliwo okubuusabuusa oba [[:en:Subtypes_of_HIV|ebika bya siriimu]] eby’enjawulo byandibadde byetaaga okugema okw’enjawulo, naye bannakyewa abaafuna eddagala eriweweeza ku siriimu erya ALVAC 205 (eryakolebwa okulwanyisa ekika kya B) baakola omusaayi ogwalaga okuziyiza ebika bya A ne D nabyo. Kino kyalaga nti eddagala erimu erigema akawuka ka siriimu liyinza okuba nga likola bulungi ku bika bya siriimu ebiwerako. <ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1056373/single-vaccine-halt-hiv</ref> == Obulamu bwe obw’obuntu == Mugerwa yali mufumbo ne Rosemary Kibulo Mugerwa omusawo w’omubiri era baazaala abaana kkumi n’omu bombi. Bangi ku bo baagoberera ekyokulabirako kya bazadde baabwe era ne bakola n’emirimu gy’obusawo. <ref name=":1"/> Ebweru w’omulimu gwe, yali musuubuzi era nga mulimi. Mukyala we yamusooka mu kufa mu Ogwekkuminoogumu 2018. <ref name=":02">https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1499006/prof-mugerwas-family-battled-depression</ref> == Okufa kwe == Mugerwa yafa nga 19 Ogwokuna 2019, mu [[:en:Nakasero_Hospital|ddwaliro e Nakasero]] mu Kampala. Mu kiseera we yafiira, yali Pulofeesa Emeritus mu yunivasite y’e Makerere, era gye yali agenze okusoma n’akola pulogulaamu z’okunoonyereza. Kigambibwa nti yali alina ekiwuubaalo ekyavaako endwadde endala okutandika. Yaziikiddwa ku kyalo Meru, ekisangibwa mu Southwestern Uganda. <ref name=":02"/> == Ebitabo bye ebirondeddwamu == * {{Cite journal |last=Serwadda |first=D. |last2=Sewankambo |first2=N.K. |last3=Carswell |first3=J.W. |last4=Bayley |first4=A.C. |last5=Tedder |first5=R.S. |last6=Weiss |first6=R.A. |last7=Mugerwa |first7=R.D. |last8=Lwegaba |first8=A. |last9=Kirya |first9=G.B. |last10=Downing |first10=R.G. |last11=Clayden |first11=S.A. |last12=Dalgleish |first12=A.G. |date=October 1985 |title=Slim Disease: A New Disease in Uganda and ITS Association with HTLV-III Infection |journal=The Lancet |volume=326 |issue=8460 |pages=849–852 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(85)90122-9 |pmid=2864575 |s2cid=29225611}} * {{Cite journal |last=Mugerwa |first=RD |last2=Marum |first2=LH |last3=Serwadda |first3=D |date=January 1996 |title=Human immunodeficiency virus and AIDS in Uganda |journal=East African Medical Journal |volume=73 |issue=1 |pages=20–6 |pmid=8625856}} * {{Cite journal |last=Mugerwa |first=Roy D. |last2=Kaleebu |first2=Pontiano |last3=Mugyenyi |first3=Peter |last4=Katongole-Mbidde |first4=Edward |last5=Hom |first5=David L. |last6=Byaruhanga |first6=Rose |last7=Salata |first7=Robert A. |last8=Ellner |first8=Jerrold J. |date=26 January 2002 |title=First trial of the HIV-1 vaccine in Africa: Ugandan experience |journal=BMJ |volume=324 |issue=7331 |pages=226–229 |doi=10.1136/bmj.324.7331.226 |pmc=1122137 |pmid=11809648}} * {{Cite journal |last=Kaleebu |first=Pontiano |last2=Abimiku |first2=Alash'le |last3=El-Halabi |first3=Shenaaz |last4=Koulla-Shiro |first4=Sinata |last5=Mamotte |first5=Nicole |last6=Mboup |first6=Souleymane |last7=Mugerwa |first7=Roy |last8=Nkengasong |first8=John |last9=Toure-Kane |first9=Coumba |last10=Tucker |first10=Tim |last11=Wassenaar |first11=Douglas |last12=Williamson |first12=Carolyn |last13=Wolday |first13=Dawit |date=2 December 2008 |title=African AIDS Vaccine Programme for a Coordinated and Collaborative Vaccine Development Effort on the Continent |journal=PLOS Medicine |volume=5 |issue=12 |doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.0050236 |pmc=2592353 |pmid=19053171 |doi-access=free |article-number=e236}} * {{Cite journal |last=Mahan |first=C. Scott |last2=Walusimbi |first2=Maria |last3=Johnson |first3=Denise F. |last4=Lancioni |first4=Christina |last5=Charlebois |first5=Edwin |last6=Baseke |first6=Joyce |last7=Chervenak |first7=Keith A. |last8=Mugerwa |first8=Roy D. |last9=Havlir |first9=Diane V. |last10=Mayanja-Kizza |first10=Harriet |author-link10=Harriet Mayanja-Kizza |last11=Whalen |first11=Christopher C. |last12=Boom |first12=W. Henry |last13=Collaboration |first13=for the Uganda-Case Western Research |date=22 February 2010 |title=Tuberculosis Treatment in HIV Infected Ugandans with CD4 Counts >350 Cells/mm3 Reduces Immune Activation with No Effect on HIV Load or CD4 Count |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=5 |issue=2 |bibcode=2010PLoSO...5.9138M |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0009138 |pmc=2825253 |pmid=20179751 |doi-access=free |article-number=e9138}} * {{Cite journal |last=Jones-López |first=Edward C. |last2=Ayakaka |first2=Irene |last3=Levin |first3=Jonathan |last4=Reilly |first4=Nancy |last5=Mumbowa |first5=Francis |last6=Dryden-Peterson |first6=Scott |last7=Nyakoojo |first7=Grace |last8=Fennelly |first8=Kevin |last9=Temple |first9=Beth |last10=Nakubulwa |first10=Susan |last11=Joloba |first11=Moses L. |last12=Okwera |first12=Alphonse |last13=Eisenach |first13=Kathleen D. |last14=McNerney |first14=Ruth |last15=Elliott |first15=Alison M. |date=15 March 2011 |title=Effectiveness of the Standard WHO Recommended Retreatment Regimen (Category II) for Tuberculosis in Kampala, Uganda: A Prospective Cohort Study |journal=PLOS Medicine |volume=8 |issue=3 |doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.1000427 |pmc=3058098 |pmid=21423586 |doi-access=free |article-number=e1000427}} == Ebijuliziddwa == jxphkbwvhcafci7yk2x2g4a09krxgur 0 12387 66799 55299 2026-08-05T18:44:00Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66799 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Derek William Draper''' (15 Ogwomunaana 1967 – 3 Ogwolubereberye 2024) yali Mungereza omuyimbi [[:en:Lobbyist|eyali alwanirira]] ebyobufuzi era omusawo w'eby'omwoyo. Nga [[:en:Political_advisor|omuwabuzi mu byobufuzi]], yali mu [[:en:Political_scandal|mivuyo egyali mu by'obufuzi]] : " [[:en:Lobbygate|Lobbygate]] " mu 1998, n'endala mu 2009 ng'akyali muwandiisi w'omukutu gwa [[:en:LabourList|LabourList]] . Yawandiika ebitabo bibiri, ''Blair’s 100 Days'' ne ''Life Support'' . Draper yafulumira ku mitwe gy'amawulire mu Gwokusatu gwa 2020 bwe yakwatibwa [[:en:COVID-19|COVID-19]] mu nnaku ezaasooka ez'e[[:en:COVID-19_pandemic_in_England|kirwadde kya COVID-19 e Bungereza]], era n'alwala nnyo nga [[:en:Long_COVID|COVID yamukwata okumala ebbanga]] ; yamala omwaka mulamba n’okusoba mu ddwaaliro era nga yeeyongera okwetaaga okulabirirwa essaawa yonna ng’asiibuddwa. Yaddayo mu ddwaaliro ng’alina ebizibu eby’amaanyi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2023, mu kiseera ekyo omutima gwe gw'asirika okumala ebbanga era n’afa nga 3 Ogwolubereberye 2024. == Obuto bwe == Derek William Draper yazaalibwa mu [[:en:Chorley|Chorley]] nga 15 Ogwomunaana 1967. <ref name="TheIndependent-Obit">https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/news/derek-draper-dead-kate-garraway-husband-covid-b2467103.html</ref> Yasomerako mu [[:en:Southlands_High_School|Southlands High School]] okutuuka mu 1984. Oluvannyuma yasomerako mu [[:en:Runshaw_College|Runshaw College]] e [[:en:Leyland,_Lancashire|Leyland]] ne [[:en:Victoria_University_of_Manchester|University of Manchester]] . Nga ali ku yunivasite, Draper yayamba naayaniriza [[:en:Ken_Livingstone|Ken Livingstone]], eyali ayitiddwako eggaali y’omukka oluvannyuma lw’olukiiko lwa Labour Club. Kigambibwa nti Livingstone yeewuunya okusanga ekipande ekinene eky’omumyuka w’omukulembeze wa Labour, [[:en:Roy_Hattersley|Roy Hattersley]] nga kitimbiddwa mu kisenge kya Draper eky’abayizi. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110606231308/http://www.newstatesman.com/199908160005</ref> Mu kiseera kino, mwe yasookera kusisinkana [[:en:Charlotte_Raven|Charlotte Raven]] era oluvannyuma n’amwagala. <ref>https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/how-we-met-derek-draper-and-charlotte-raven-1176183.html</ref> == Omulimu gwe == Draper yatandika emirimu gye egy’ebyobufuzi mu 1990, bwe yafuuka omuwandiisi w’ekitundu kya [[:en:Nick_Brown|Nick Brown]] . Mu 1992, yava ku mulimu guno n’agenda okukola ng’omunoonyereza w’omubaka wa [[:en:Hartlepool|Hartlepool]], [[:en:Peter_Mandelson|Peter Mandelson]] . Mu 1996, yafuuka dayirekita wa kkampuni ekola ku by’okusakira abantu eyali eyitibwa GPC Market Access, era n’akozesebwamu okutuusa ku ntandikwa ya 1999. Bwe yali akola mu GPC Market Access, yatandikawo ekibiina kya [[:en:New_Labour|New Labour]] [[:en:Progress_(organisation)|ekya Progress]] ne [[:en:Liam_Byrne|Liam Byrne]] . <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Hodges</ref> Mu myaka gya 1990 nga gigenda okuggwaako, Draper yakola nga Political Editor wa ''[[:en:Modern_Review_(London)|Modern Review]]'', okumala akaseera katono yali muwandiisi wa miko mu ''[[:en:Daily_Express|Daily Express]]'', era nga muweereza ne ku [[:en:Talksport|Talk Radio UK]] . <ref name="FT24">https://www.ft.com/content/cbaba3eb-89bd-400a-bbd8-abd4f392116f</ref> Yalabwanga nga ng'akolagana nnyo ne Mandelson, era ng'omuntu ow'omunda mu pulojekiti ya New Labour, bannamawulire b'ebyobufuzi baamutunuulira ng'amanyi abantu ab'amaanyi, ow'amaanyi, ow'embala era ow'omukwano, era n'ayitibwa "Dolly" mu bitundu by'e [[:en:Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom|Westminster]] . <ref>https://news.sky.com/story/derek-drapers-larger-than-life-labour-character-will-certainly-not-be-forgotten-13033915</ref> <ref>https://www.thetimes.com/uk/politics/article/dolly-the-spin-doctor-turns-into-a-shrink-3gl6gxkn62c</ref> === Lobbygate === Mu 1998, bwe yali akyakola nga dayirekita ku GPC Market Access, Draper yakwatibwa ku lutambi, nga Jonathan Mendelsohn, yeewaanira eri Greg Palast (omusasi ow’ekyama okuva mu ''The Observer'' eyeefuula omusuubuzi) ku ngeri gye bayinza okutunda olukusa eri baminisita ba gavumenti n’okutondawo okukendeeza ku musolo eri bakasitoma baabwe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Palast |first=Greg |author-link=Greg Palast |date=1 May 2005 |title=Britain for Sale |url=https://www.gregpalast.com/tony-blair-and-the-sale-of-britain/ |access-date=29 November 2007}}</ref> Bannamawulire bwe baakwata emboozi eno, ne bagituuma "Lobbygate". Ku likodi, Draper yagamba nti "waliwo abantu 17 ababala mu gavumenti eno ... [okugamba nti ndi wa mukwano ne buli omu ku bo kwe kunyooma ekyasa." Palast era yawandiika nti Draper yagamba, ku bikwata ku kimukubiriza nti: "Njagala kusiba akawunti yange mu bbanka ku pawundi 250 buli ssaawa." <ref name="Obs5July98" /> Okusinziira ku Palast, "Draper teyalina kintu kirala okuggyako omulenzi omubaka, factotum, purveyor, omuwandiisi eyeeyagala, asusse okuwunya." <ref name="Obs5July98" /> Wadde nga yeegaana ebimwogerwako era n’alumiriza ''The Observer'' okugezaako okumutega, yasekererwa nnyo oluvannyuma lw’ebyo. Oluvannyuma Palast yawandiika nti emikutu gy'amawulire egyaddirira gyali gisukkiridde okussa essira ku kifo ky'abakulembeze abakulembeze mu mboozi eno ku muwendo gwa New Labour "okugoberera ennyo omukwano gwa bakapiteeni b'amakolero n'emikutu gy'amawulire ... okukyusakyusa amateeka n'empisa okusobola okufuna okukkirizibwa kw'abakulu bano ab'ebitongole". <ref name="Palast2003">{{Cite book |last=Palast |first=Greg |date=2003-02-25 |title=The Best Democracy Money Can Buy |url=https://archive.org/details/bestdemocracymon00pala |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-1-101-21323-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/bestdemocracymon00pala/page/165 165]}}</ref> ftzzpgk5znnj0n8mami6bgd2v7a75vp 0 12396 66800 43791 2026-08-05T18:45:08Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66800 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Mississippi Masala''''' [[:en:Drama_film|firimu ya katemba]] [[:en:Romance_film|ey'omukwano]] eyafulumizibwa mu 1991 nga yalagirwa [[:en:Mira_Nair|Mira Nair]], nga yeesigamiziddwa ku nsengeka ya [[:en:Sooni_Taraporevala|Sooni Taraporevala]] nga yazannyibwa [[:en:Denzel_Washington|Denzel Washington]], [[:en:Sarita_Choudhury|Sarita Choudhury]] ne [[:en:Roshan_Seth|Roshan Seth]] . Firimu eno esinga kubeera mu byalo bya [[:en:Mississippi|Mississippi]], enoonyereza ku mukwano ogw’amawanga wakati w’omusajja [[:en:African_American|Omufirika ate Omumerika]] n’omukazi [[:en:Indian_American|Omuyindi ate Omumerika]] . Yafulumizibwa mu Bufalansa nga 18 gw'omwenda 1991, mu Bungereza nga 17 ogw'oluberyeberye 1992 ne mu Amerika nga 5 Ogwokubiri 1992. Firimu eno yafuna [[:en:United_States_dollar|dollar za America]] 7,332,515 ku box office. Firimu eno yagatibwa ku [[:en:The_Criterion_Collection|The Criterion Collection]] nga mu Ogwokutaano nga 24, 2022. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Mississippi Masala |url=https://www.criterion.com/films/32237-mississippi-masala |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007202249/https://www.criterion.com/films/32237-mississippi-masala |archive-date=7 October 2022 |access-date=October 7, 2022 |website=The Criterion Collection}}</ref> == Ekinyusi kya firimu == Mu 1972, nnakyemalira [[Idi Amin]] yassaawo enkola y’okugoba [[:en:Expulsion_of_Asians_from_Uganda|abantu ba Buyindi mu Uganda]] n’amaanyi . Jay ne mukyala we Kinnu, ne muwala waabwe Mina, famire y’Abayindi [[Abayindi mu Uganda|Bannayuganda]] ababeera mu [[Kampala]], bakaaba amaziga nga tebaagala kava mu maka gaabwe kusenguka. Oluvannyuma lw’okumala emyaka mitono mu Bungereza, famire eno yabeera mu [[:en:Greenwood,_Mississippi|Greenwood, Mississippi]] okubeera n’agamu maka amanene agalina motel enyingi eyo. Wadde ekiseera kigenda kiyitawo, Jay yali takkiriza ngeri gyeyava mu mu nsi ye mu bwangu bwatyo, era nga tasobola kumanyira ngeri Abamerika gye batambuzamu obulamu bwabwe . era alinda olunaku lwalidda ne famire ye e Kampala. Ebiva mu bwannakyemalira bwa Amin byareetera Jay obutabeera na bwesige mu baddugavu. Mina amanyirala ddala obuwangwa bw’Abamerika era alina ekibinja ky’emikwano egy’enjawulo. Awulira nga talina kyakola kuba bazadde be bagala akolagane n’abantu b’omu kitundu kyabwe bokka. Agwa mu mukwano ne Demetrius, [[:en:African_American|Omufirika Omumerika]] ow’omu kitundu kino omukozi ayoza kapeti. Mina akimanyi nti bazadde be tebajja kumukkiriza era omukwano agukuuma nga gwa kyama. Ababiri bano basalawo okumala wiikendi nga bali bombi mu [[:en:Biloxi,_Mississippi|Biloxi]], gye balabibwa abantu b’omu kitundu ky’Abayindi, era olugambo ne lutandika okusaasaana. Jay asunguwadde era aswadde, era n’agaana Mina okuddamu okulaba Demetrius. Mina era ayolekagana n’obutayagala mu ngeri entegeka era ey’olwatu okuva mu kitundu kya Demeteriyo. Demetrius ayolekedde Jay, abikkula by’ayitamu n’engeri gye yayisibwamu n'obusosoze mu Uganda, ekiviiriddeko Demetrius okuyita Jay ku bunnanfuusi bwe. Mu nkomerero, amaka gombi tegasobola kukkaanya mu bujjuvu n’ababiri bano ab’amawanga ag’enjawulo, abadduka mu gavumenti nga bali wamu mu kabangali ya Demetrius. Jay by’ayagala ku nkomerero bituukirira bw’agenda e Kampala okwetaba mu musango gwa kkooti ku ngeri gyebakola mu ennyumba ye gye yawambibwako emabegako. Kyokka ng’ali mu ggwanga, alaba engeri gye likyuse n’ategeera nti takyamanyddwa mu nsi gye yazaalibwa. Jay akomawo mu Amerika n’alekawo ekirooto kye ekyiludde ng’akuzibwa eky'okudda mu Uganda, ensi gye yali atwala ng’awaka. Wabula nga tannadda waka, akola emirembe n’abaddugavu, ng’akutte omwana omuto ow’omunn Uganda ku muzannyo gw’oku nguudo. == Abazannyi == * [[:en:Denzel_Washington|Denzel Washington]] as Demetrius Williams * [[:en:Sarita_Choudhury|Sarita Choudhury]] as Mina **Sahira Nair as young Mina * [[:en:Roshan_Seth|Roshan Seth]] as Jay * [[:en:Sharmila_Tagore|Sharmila Tagore]] as Kinnu * [[:en:Charles_S._Dutton|Charles S. Dutton]] as Tyrone Williams * [[:en:Joe_Seneca|Joe Seneca]] as Williben Williams * [[:en:Ranjit_Chowdhry|Ranjit Chowdhry]] as Anil * [[:en:Mohan_Gokhale|Mohan Gokhale]] as Pontiac * Konga Mbadu as Okelo * [[:en:Mohan_Agashe|Mohan Agashe]] as Kanti Napkin * [[:en:Tico_Wells|Tico Wells]] as Dexter Williams * [[:en:Yvette_Hawkins|Yvette Hawkins]] as Aunt Rose * [[:en:Anjan_Srivastav|Anjan Srivastav]] as Jammubhai (as Anjan Srivastava) * Natalie Oliver-Atherton as Alicia LeShay (as Natalie Oliver) * [[:en:Mira_Nair|Mira Nair]] as Gossip 1 * Rajika Puri as Gossip 2 * Richard Crick as Hotel Customer * [[:en:Michael_Wawuyo|Michael Wawuyo]] as Soldier on Bus * [[:en:Joseph_Olita|Joseph Olita]] as [[Idi Amin]] == Okufulumya == Script eno yawandiikibwa mu [[:en:Brooklyn,_New_York|Brooklyn, New York]], oluvannyuma lw’okunoonyereza okwakolebwa Nair, Taraporevala, ne ttiimu yaabwe mu Mississippi ne [[Kampala]] . Mu kunoonyereza mu Mississippi, Nair yasisinkana omuyonja kapeti ayitibwa Demetrius era n’asalawo okumufula omutwe omukulu mu film. [[:en:Ben_Kingsley|Ben Kingsley]] yasooka okuzanya nga taata wa Mina, kyokka yamaliriza ng’avudde mu pulojekiti eno, ekyaleetera abaasooka okuwagira firimu eno okulekera awo. Nair yasobodde okufuna abavugirivi aba empya oluvannyuma lwa Denzel Washington okulondebwa okuzannya ekifo kya Demetrius. Oluvannyuma yayogera nti yasanga okunyigirizibwa okw’amaanyi okuva mu bavugirizi nti alondde abazungu bakulembere firimu okusinga Abayindi oba Abafirika Abamerika.<ref name="muir" /> Ebifo mu firimu byali bya Mississippi mu bibuga [[:en:Greenwood,_Mississippi|Greenwood]], [[:en:Grenada,_Mississippi|Grenada]], [[:en:Biloxi|Biloxi]], ne [[:en:Ocean_Springs,_Mississippi|Ocean Springs]] . Ebifo mu firimu byali bya mu [[Kampala|Kampala mu Uganda]], omuli n’ewa Nair.<ref name="muir">{{Cite book |last=Muir |first=John Kenneth |year=2006 |title=Mercy in her eyes: the films of Mira Nair |url=https://archive.org/details/mercyinhereyesfi0000muir |publisher=Hal Leonard |isbn=1-55783-649-3 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/mercyinhereyesfi0000muir/page/71 71]–106 |chapter=Mississippi Masala (1991) and The Perez Family (1995)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Asmelash |first=Leah |date=June 12, 2022 |title='Mississippi Masala' was released 30 years ago. Here's how it still resonates with audiences today |url=https://www.cnn.com/2022/06/12/entertainment/mississippi-masala-mira-nair-rerelease-legacy-cec/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613015400/https://www.cnn.com/2022/06/12/entertainment/mississippi-masala-mira-nair-rerelease-legacy-cec/index.html |archive-date=13 June 2022 |access-date=13 June 2022 |website=CNN}}</ref>​ Wadde nga wooteeri ya Monte Cristo yali bizinensi eyaliwo eyalondebwa Nair n’omukugu mu kukola firimu [[:en:Mitch_Epstein|Mitch Epstein]] okukwata ebifaananyi, abakozi abakola firimu eno baayongerako langi ya kiragala omukwafu ebweru okusobola okufanagana ekifo kya Uganda ekirabika obulungi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mitch Epstein on MISSISSIPPI MASALA |url=https://criterionchannel.vhx.tv/videos/mitch-epstein-on-mississippi-masala |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=The Criterion Channel |language=en}}</ref> Firimu eno yakolebwa Nair ne bba we mu kiseera ekyo, Mitch Epstein, ng’obufumbo bugenda busasika. Bwe yali anoonyereza ku firimu eno mu Uganda mu 1989, Nair yasisinkana munnabyabufuzi [[:en:Indians_in_Uganda|Munnayuganda nga asibuka mu Buyindi]], [[:en:Mahmood_Mamdani|Mahmood Mamdani]];<ref name="lahr2002">{{Cite web |last=Lahr |first=John |date=31 July 2000 |title=Whirlwind |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2002/12/09/the-whirlwind |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022030926/http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2002/12/09/the-whirlwind |archive-date=22 October 2014 |website=The New Yorker |quote=Mitch Epstein, a wiry, taciturn, meticulous twenty-five-year-old, who taught the introductory-photography course she took in the summer of 1977.}}</ref> baafumbirigana mu 1991, era mutabani waabwe [[:en:Zohran_Mamdani|Zohran]] (oluvannyuma eyalondebwa okuba meeya w’ekibuga New York) yazaalibwa mu Kampala mu mwaka gwe gumu. == Okukkirizibwa kwa firimu == Ku mukutu gwa Rotten Tomatoes ogukung’aanya okwekenneenya, ebitundu 92% ku 74 bagamba nti birungi, nga balina ekipimo ekya 7.6 ku 10. Enzikiriziganya y'omukutu guno esoma nti: "Sarita Choudhury ne Denzel Washington balina omukwano gwamanyi mu Mississippi Masala, Mira Nair olw'okwetegereza eraba obuwangwa obwe'njawulo obulwanagana."[9] Metacritic, ekozesa ekigero ekizitowa, yawa firimu eno obubonero 78 ku 100, okusinziira ku bavumirira 31, ekiraga "okutwalira awamu ebirungi" okwekenneenya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mississippi Masala Reviews |url=https://www.metacritic.com/movie/mississippi-masala/ |access-date=2025-10-22 |website=www.metacritic.com |language=en}}</ref> [[:en:Vincent_Canby|Vincent Canby]] owa [[:en:The_New_York_Times|The New York Times]] yawandiika nti: Mississippi Masala erabika yakolebwa ku mbalirira entono (ku mutindo gwa Hollywood), naye firimu nnene mu bitone, ebifo mweyazannyirwa n’ensonga ezaazanyibwa. Obusosoze mu mawanga si nsonga nkulu, waakiri ku ngulu. Mina ne Demetrius balina okulwanyisa endowooza y'okulemererwa okukwatagana n'obuwangwa obupya nti, olw’ensonga ez’enjawulo, kufuuse ekitundu ku busika bwa buli omu.<ref>{{cite news |last=Canby |first=Vincent |author-link=Vincent Canby |date=February 5, 1992 |title=Review/Film; Indian Immigrants in a Black-and-White Milieu |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/02/05/movies/review-film-indian-immigrants-in-a-black-and-white-milieu.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |location=New York |access-date=December 2, 2023 |archive-date=10 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230510095946/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/02/05/movies/review-film-indian-immigrants-in-a-black-and-white-milieu.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Peter Rainer owa [[:en:Los_Angeles_Times|Los Angeles Times]] yawandiika nti, "Wadde nga bingi ku siteegi byali bizibu, n'obutafaanagana mu script, firimu eno ekuweereza okuwulira ng'abantu abatuufu mu bulamu bwa bulijjo.<ref>{{cite news|last=Rainer|first=Peter|date=February 14, 1992|title=International Affair Spice 'Masala'|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/99781421/the-los-angeles-times/|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|location=[[Los Angeles]]|page=609|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|access-date=December 2, 2023}}</ref> Bruce Williamson owa [[:en:Playboy|Playboy]] yawandiika nti, "okujjukira ebyayitta, okuva mu bijjukizo ebirungi ebya [[Afirika|Afrika]] okutuudda mu embeera embi ey'obulamu bw'omu bibuga ebitono eby'obugwanjuba, ''Masala'' --ekigambo kino kitegeeza ekintu ekyamanyi, ogw'embala ez'enjawulo--katemba wa mawanga alina obuwoomi obw'amaanyi obw'oluvannyuma."<ref>{{Cite news|last=Williamson|first=Bruce|date=March 1992|title=Movies|url=https://www.playboy.com/magazine/issues/1992/03/?srsltid=AfmBOooOK2lxEtJ-IzdIkCeQtJ9ycDMADnSp6IbNqtcmnT9fL4ITasP9|work=Playboy|pages=20}}</ref> == Engule n'ebitiibwa == * 1993 [[:en:NAACP_Image_Award_for_Outstanding_Actor_in_a_Motion_Picture|engule ya NAACP Image Award olw’omuzannyi asinga mu firimu]] – [[:en:Denzel_Washington|Denzel Washington]] * 1991 [[:en:São_Paulo_International_Film_Festival|Ekivvulu kya firimu eky’ensi yonna ekya São Paulo]] – Mira Nair, engule ey’enjawulo ey’abavumirira * 1991 [[:en:48th_Venice_International_Film_Festival|Ekivvulu kya firimu eky’ensi yonna ekya Venice eky’omulundi ogwa 48]] – [[:en:Golden_Osella#Best_Original_Screenplay|Golden Osella Omuzannyo ogusinga obulungi ogw’olubereberye]] – Sooni Taraporevala; Golden Ciak/Firimu Esinga – Mira Nair == Emikutu gy’amawulire egy’awaka == Nga 24, 2022, The Criterion Collection yafulumya ''Mississippi Masala'' mu ngeri empya eya 4K edition ku Blu-ray ne DVD. Mu ngeri ye njawulo omuli yintaviyu empya okuva ewa Nair, Taraporevala, production designer n'omukubi w’ebifaananyi [[:en:Mitch_Epstein|Mitch Epstein]], na akwata firimu Edward Lachman.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Mississippi Masala |url=https://www.criterion.com/films/32237-mississippi-masala |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007202249/https://www.criterion.com/films/32237-mississippi-masala |archive-date=7 October 2022 |access-date=October 7, 2022 |website=The Criterion Collection}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Eby'okusoma == * {{Cite journal |last=Reddy |first=Vanita |date=October 2015 |title=Afro-Asian Intimacies and the Politics and Aesthetics of Cross-Racial Struggle in Mira Nair's ''Mississippi Masala'' |journal=Journal of Asian American Studies |volume=18 |pages=233–263 |doi=10.1353/jaas.2015.0021 |s2cid=146321538}} * {{Cite book |last=Singh |first=Amardeep |date=2018 |title=The films of Mira Nair: Diaspora Vérité |publisher=University Press of Mississippi |isbn=9781496819116 |location=Jackson, Mississippi}} * {{Cite book |last=McFerson |first=Hazel M. |date=2006 |title=Blacks and Asians in America: Crossings, Conflict and Commonality |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781594601026 |publisher=Carolina Academic Press |isbn=9781594601026 |location=Durham, North Carolina}} == Ebijuliziddwa wa bweru wa wikipedia == * [[imdbtitle:0102456|Mississippi Masala]] at [[:en:IMDb_(identifier)|IMDb]] * [https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=mississippimasala.htm Mississippi Masala] at [[:en:Box_Office_Mojo|Box Office Mojo]] * [https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=mississippimasala.htm Mississippi Masala] at [[:en:Rotten_Tomatoes|Rotten Tomatoes]] * [https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=mississippimasala.htm Mississippi Masala] at the [[:en:Turner_Classic_Movies#TCMdb|TCM Movie Database]] * [https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/7805-mississippi-masala-the-ocean-of-comings-and-goings ''Mississippi Masala:'' The Ocean of Comings and Goings] an essay by Bilal Qureshi at the [[:en:The_Criterion_Collection|Criterion Collection]] * [https://www.imdb.com/video/screenplay/vi513212697?ref_=ttvi_vi_imdb_2 Official trailer] {{Golden Osella}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Mississippi Masala}} b0wlawy5gvoxodtf2xs1e7skevz2hhc 0 12448 66813 44021 2026-08-05T18:55:40Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66813 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Okuwamba gavumenti ya Uganda mu 1971''' kwali [[:en:Coup_d'état|kuwamba gavumenti]] ya magye okwasuula [[:en:President_of_Uganda|pulezidenti wa Uganda]] [[Milton Obote]] . Okuwamba gavumenti kwaliwo nga 25,Ogusooka 1971, Obote bwe yali yeetabye mu [[:en:Commonwealth_of_Nations|lukiiko lw’abakulembeze ab'ensi ezaali mu ttwale erya Bungereza]] e Singapore, era nga kwategekebwa [[Idi Amin]], omuduumizi [[:en:Uganda_Army_(1962–1971)|w’amagye ga Uganda]] mu kiseera ekyo.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hebditch, David |year=2005 |title=How to Stage a Military Coup: From Planning to Execution |url=https://archive.org/details/howtostagemilita0000hebd |last2=Ken Connor |publisher=Greenhill Books |isbn=1-85367-640-3 |location=London |page=[https://archive.org/details/howtostagemilita0000hebd/page/128 128]}}</ref> Olw’ensonga ezitali zimu, enkolagana wakati wa Obote ne Amin —omuduumizi w’amagye ge —yali efuuse nzibu nyo. Olukwe lwa Amin (nga kigambibwa nti lwali wansi w’obukulembeze bwa Yisirayiri) okusinga lwava ku kweraliikirira okusigala ng’alina obuyinza ku magye, ekyali kimukakasa obukuumibwe ng'omuntu. Oluvannyuma lw’okuwamba gavumenti okutuuka ku buwanguzi, Amin yeetuuza ku ntebe ey'obwapulezidenti; okufuga —okutuusa mu 1979 —nga kiragiro ku ggwanga eryavu. Atera n'okwogerwako ng’omu ku [[Nnakyemalira|bannakyemalira]] abakyasinza obukambwe mu byafaayo by’eby'obufuzi eby’omulembe guno. == Ebyafaayo == Enjawukana wakati wa Amin ne Obotevkwali kutandise, nga yeeyongera olw’obuwagizi Amin bwe yali azimbye mu magye ng’ayingiza abantu okuva mu kitundu kya West Nile, okwenyigira mu bikwekweto okuwagira [[:en:First_Sudanese_Civil_War|obujeemu mu bugwanjuba bwa Sudan]] n’okugezaako okutta Obote obulamu bwa Obote mu 1969. Mu Ogw'ekkumi 1970, Obote yakwata obuyinza okutwalira awamu ku magye, n’akendeeza Amin okuva mu kifo kye ng’amagye okutwaliza awamu omutwe ku ogwo ogw’okuduumira amagye. <ref name="britishcouncil">{{Cite web |date=2 February 1971 |title=General Idi Amin overthrows Ugandan government |url=http://www.britishcouncil.org/learnenglish-central-history-amin.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070225004054/http://www.britishcouncil.org/learnenglish-central-history-amin.htm |archive-date=25 February 2007 |access-date=8 August 2009 |publisher=British Council}}</ref> Gavumenti ya [[Milton Obote|Obote]] yagoberera enkola ya [[:en:African_nationalism|Omwoyo gwa Afirika]], eyakyankalanya gavumenti ya Bungereza ne Yisirayiri, zombi ne zikuuma okubeerawo okw’amaanyi mu Uganda. Obote yawagira enteekateeka ez’enjawulo ez’obwetwaze mu bugwanjuba bwa Afrika era n’awakanya okutunda ebyokulwanyisa bya Bungereza eri gavumenti ya South Afrika [[:en:Apartheid|ey’obusosoze mu langi]], nga yeetabye mu [[:en:Commonwealth_Heads_of_Government_Meeting_1971|lukiiko lw’abakulembeze b'ensi ezali mu ttwale erya Bungereza olwa 1971]] okusobola okukola ku nsonga eno.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mutibwa |first=Phares |year=1992 |title=Uganda since Independence, A Story of Unfulfilled Hopes |url=https://archive.org/details/ugandasinceindep0000muti |publisher=Africa World Press |isbn=0-86543-357-7 |location=Trenton, New Jersey, U.S.A. |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ugandasinceindep0000muti/page/73 73]–76}}</ref> Gavumenti ya Bungereza nayo yali ewakanya enkola ya Obote [[:en:Move_to_the_Left|eya Move to the Left]], enkola ezaali zigenderera enkola ya socialist ezaalemesa emirimu gy’ebitongole by’ensi yonna; okugatta ku ekyo, gavumenti ya Bungereza yatya nti enteekateeka zino zandivuddeko [[Abayindi mu Uganda|abantu b’omu Asia okugenda mu Uganda]], abaali bafugibwa Bungereza era nga kirabika baali bagenda kusenguka mu Bungereza, ekiyinza okubaawo gavumenti ya Bungereza kye yali teteetegese. {{Sfn|Avirgan|Honey|1983|p=9}} Yisirayiri yasooka kukuuma enkolagana ey’oku lusegere ne gavumenti ya Obote, era n’ekozesa Uganda ng’engeri y’okuyisaamu obuwagizi eri abayeekera Abanyanya mu bugwanjuba bwa Sudan ng’esuubira okuwugula Sudan okuwagira Palestine mu lutalo lw’Abawalabu ne Yisirayiri . Mu 1969 Jaafar Nimeiry yajja mu buyinza mu Sudan ng'ayita mu kuwamba gavumenti era ne yeeyama okumalawo olutalo mu ggwanga lino. Obote mu bufunze yalagira obuyambi bwonna obuweebwa Abanyanya bukome, ekyatabula gavumenti ya Yisirayiri. {{Sfn|Avirgan|Honey|1983|p=9}} maosiqpys0i9w9xiyqifq2hdwqd34n1 0 12449 66789 44083 2026-08-05T18:29:42Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66789 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kiggala Sewannaku Mukaabya Kasungubu''' (yafa 1494) yali [[Kabaka wa Buganda|Sekabaka]] [[Buganda|wa Buganda]] . Yafuga okuva mu 1434 okutuuka mu 1464 n'okuva mu 1484 okutuuka mu 1494. Ye Sekabaka wa [[Buganda]] ow'okutaano . == Okutwala Nnamulondo == Ye mutabani omukulu owa [[Ttembo owa Buganda|Kabaka Ttembo]], Kabaka wa Buganda, mukyala we Najjemba. [[:en:Enthronement|Yatuuzibwa ku nnamulondo]] nga kitaawe afudde, nga mu mwaka gwa 1434. Yatandikawo olubiriri lwe ku lusozi Kitala. Mu 1464, yava ku ntebe ng'ajagaliza mutabaniwe, [[Kiyimba owa Buganda|Ntege Kiyimba]] . Kiggala yaddamu okutuula ku ntebe oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa mutabani we, awo nga mu mwaka gwa 1484. Yaziba amaaso nga wayiseewo akaseera katono ng’obufuzi bwekisanja eky'okubiri butandika . Yafuga wansi wa Katikkirowe . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">okujuliza kwetaagisa</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Obulamu bw’obufumbo == Yawasa abakyala mukaaga bano wammanga: <ref name="The Customs of the Baganda">{{Cite book |last=Kaggwa |first=Apollo |date=1934 |title=The Customs of the Baganda |url=https://archive.org/details/customsofbaganda0022sira |last2=Kalibala |first2=Ernest B. |pages=[https://archive.org/details/customsofbaganda0022sira/page/20 20]–21}}</ref> # Nabukalu Nabuto muwala wa Natiigo, ow’ekika ky’e Lugave # Nakawuka muwala wa Senfuma ow'ekika kya Mamba # Nakimera muwala wa Masembe ow’ekika ky’e Nsenene # Nakku muwala wa Walusimbi, ow'ekika kya Ffumbe # Nakyobula muwala wa Mbajja ow’ekika kya Mamba # Nawampamba muwala wa Ggunju, ow’ekika kya Butiko == Ensonga ==   Kabaka Kiggala yazaala abaana mwenda ab’obulenzi abamanyiddwa: * Omulangira (Omulangira) Wasswa, nga nnyina yali Omumbejja Nazibanja * Omulangira (Omulangira) Mawempe, nga nnyina yali Omumbejja Nazibanja * Omulangira (Omulangira) Semugalwa, nga nnyina yali Mumbejja Nazibanja * Omulangira (Omulangira) Bubula, nga nnyina yali Omumbejja Nazibanja * Omulangira (Omulangira) Kaggya, nga nnyina yali Omumbejja Nazibanja * [[Kiyimba owa Buganda|Kabaka Kiyimba Ntege]], Kabaka wa Buganda, nga nnyina yali Nabukalu * Omulangira (Omulangira) Gogombe, nga nnyina yali Nakyobula * Omulangira (Omulangira) Kaasameeme, nga nnyina yali Nakawuka * Omulangira (Omulangira) Wampamba, nga nnyina yali Nawampamba. Yaggyibwa mu kusikira olw’okukola omukwano gw’ab’eŋŋanda ne ssenga we. Omulangira Wampamba yawasa abakyala babiri (a) Lady Nakayima muwala wa kojja we ku maama, Gunju, ow’ekika ky’e Butiko ne (b) Lady Naabagereka, ssenga era wet nurse eri mukyala we eyasooka, mwannyina wa Gunju, ow’ekika ky’e Butiko. Yazaala abaana babiri ab’obulenzi: ** [[Kayima owa Buganda|Kabaka Kayima Sendikaddiwa]], Kabaka wa Buganda ow’omusanvu, nga nnyina yali Nakayima era... ** Omulangira (Omulangira) Kyabayinze, nga nnyina yali Naabagereka. Omulangira Kyabayinze yazaala omwana omu ow’obulenzi: *** Omulangira (Omulangira) Juma eyavuganyizza mu busika ne mujja we, [[Nakibinge owa Buganda|Kabaka Nakibinge]] n'atafuna buwanguzi . == Emyaka egyasembayo == Kabaka Kiggala Mukaabya Sewannaku Kasungubu yafa mu 1494 mu bukadde obuyitiridde era n’asikirwa muzzukulu we [[Kayima owa Buganda|Kayima Sendikaddiwa]] ku ntebe . Yaziikiddwa mu kibuga ekikulu Manjja era akawanga ne bamuziika e Ddambwe mu Busiro. <ref name="The Customs of the Baganda"/> == Engeri gyebasikiddemu == {{s-start}} {{succession box||title=[[King of Buganda]]|before=[[Ttembo of Buganda|Ttembo Kiridde]]|after=[[Kiyimba of Buganda|Ntege Kiyimba]]|years=c.1434–c.1464}} {{s-end}}{{s-start}} {{succession box||title=[[King of Buganda]]|before=[[Kiyimba of Buganda|Ntege Kiyimba]]|after=[[Kayima of Buganda|Kayima Ssendikaddiwa]]|years=c.1484–c.1494}} {{s-end}} == Laba ne == * [[Kabaka wa Buganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130615070042/http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm Olukalala lwa Bassekabaka ba Buganda] Archived hog6ym3ls4mcng82flwq0p495mmk2xb 0 12450 66810 44094 2026-08-05T18:52:07Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66810 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nakibinge Kagali''' ye Sekabaka ow’omunaana mu [[Buganda|Bwakabaka bwa Buganda]], wakati wa 1524 ne 1554 AD.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Reid |first=Richard |date=1997 |title=The Reign of Kabaka Nakibinge: Myth or Watershed? |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3172031 |journal=History in Africa |volume=24 |pages=287–297 |doi=10.2307/3172031 |issn=0361-5413 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Okutuuzibwa ku Nnamulondo == Yali mutabani wa [[Kayima owa Buganda|Kabaka Kayima Sendikaddiwa]], Kabaka wa Buganda ow’omusanvu, eyafuga okuva mu 1494 - 1524. Nakibinge [[wiktionary:ascend|yalya obwa Kabaka]] nga kitaawe [[:en:Death|afudde]] mu 1524. Yatandikawo [[:en:Capital_(political)|olubiri]] ku lusozi Bumbu.<ref name="The Customs of the Baganda">{{Cite book |last=Kaggwa |first=Apollo |date=1934 |title=The Customs of the Baganda |url=https://archive.org/details/customsofbaganda0000kagw |last2=Kalibala |first2=Ernest B. |page=[https://archive.org/details/customsofbaganda0000kagw/page/23 23]}}</ref> Mu bufuzi bwe, Nakibinge yatandika obulumbaganyi ku Bulemeezi, ekyanyiiza Omukama w’e Bunyoro. Mu myaka egyaddirira, olutalo lwagenda mu maaso, era obulumbaganyi obw’amaanyi obw’Abanyoro bwawaliriza Nakibinge okunoonya obuyambi bw’amagye okuva mu bizinga by’e Ssesse. Wabula okulinnyisa kuno okw’amaanyi g’amagye kwakakasa Nakibinge obuwanguzi okumala akaseera katono. Wadde nga beeyongera okuyingirira Bunyoro, Abanyoro baddamu okwegatta ne bagoba eggye lya Nakibinge okuva e Bunyoro. Abanyoro baagoba amagye ge nga bayita mu Bulemezi, Kyaddondo ne Mawokota. == Obulamu bw’obufumbo == Yawasa abakyala munaana:<ref name="The Customs of the Baganda"/> * Nabitaba muwala wa Ndugwa ow'ekika ky'e Lugave * Najjemba muwala wa Semwanga ow’ekika ky’e Ngonge * Nalunga muwala wa Lusundo, ow’ekika ky’e Nvuma * Nabakyaala Namulondo, Naabagareka, mwannyina wa Gunju, ow'ekika kya Butiko * Nasuuna muwala wa Nankere ow’ekika kya Mamba * Bukirwa, Nanzigu, muwala wa Sekayiba, ow’ekika ky’e Mbogo * Nannono muwala wa Seggirinya, ow’ekika ky’Abango. Nannono yakola nga regent oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa bba okumala ebbanga lya myezi kkumi na munaana * Kabejja == Ensonga == Yalina abaana bana ab’obulenzi n’abawala babiri: # [[Mulondo owa Buganda|Kabaka Mulondo Sekajja]], Kabaka wa Buganda, nga nnyina yali Namulondo # [[Jemba owa Buganda|Kabaka Jemba Busungwe]], Kabaka wa Buganda, nga nnyina yali Najjemba # [[Ssuuna I owa Buganda|Kabaka Suuna I Kisolo]], Kabaka wa Buganda, nga nnyina yali Nassuuna # Omulangira (Omulangira) Nzigu, nga nnyina yali Bukirwa # Omumbejja (Omumbejja) Batenga, nga nnyina yali Namulondo # Omumbejja (Omumbejja) Nnono, nga nnyina yali Nannono. Yazaalibwa oluvannyuma lw’okufa mu 1555. Yafa nga muto. == Emyaka egyasembayo == Sekabaka Nakibinge yattibwa mu [[:en:Battle|kukubagana]] wakati wa [[:en:Banyoro|Banyoro]], e Busajja, mu 1554. Yaterekebwa e Kongojje, Busiro.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ssekabaka Nakibinge Is Buried At Kongojje, Busiro |url=http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615070042/http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm |archive-date=15 June 2013 |access-date=4 October 2014 |publisher=Buganda.com}}</ref> Okusinziira ku munnabyafaayo wa Buganda Semakula Kiwanuka, okufa kwa Nakibinge kulaga nti olulyo lwa "Babito" luwedde mu Buganda, era lwalangirira omulembe omupya.   == Engeri gyebasikidwamu == {{s-start}} {{succession box|title=[[King of Buganda]]|before=[[Kayima of Buganda|Kayima Sendikaddiwa]]|after=[[Mulondo of Buganda|Mulondo Sekajja]]|years=c.1524-c.1554}} {{s-end}} == Laba ne == * [[Kabaka wa Buganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130615070042/http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm Olukalala lwa Bassekabaka ba Buganda] Archived tcxtyxaveub078j6gk0l6422n2l5vc5 0 12451 66818 44092 2026-08-05T18:59:36Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66818 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mulondo Sekajja''' ye Sekabaka ow'omwenda mu [[Buganda|Bwakabaka bwa Buganda]] eyafugira mu 1555 -1564. == Okulya Obwakabaka == Yali mutabani wa [[Nakibinge owa Buganda|Kabaka Nakibinge Kagali]], Kabaka wa Buganda, eyafugira wakati wa 1524 ne 1554. Maama we yali Nabakyaala Namulondo, mukyala ow'okuna owa kitaawe era [[:en:Nnabagereka_of_Buganda|Naabagereka]] . Yalondebwa okudda mu bigere bya kitaawe, kitaawe bwe yafa era oluvannyuma [[Regent|lw’obufuzi]] bwa nnyina omuto okuggwaako ng’azadde omwana omuwala mu 1555. Ye mutandisi w'olubiri ku lusozi olwe Mitw’ebiri. Munnabyafaayo Semakula Kiwanuka akinogaanya nti obufuzi bwa Mulondo bwandibanga bwebwalaga entandikwa y’olulyo olulangira olupya.   Mu bufuzi bwe, Mulondo yakulembera ebikwekweto ebiwerako ku Buddu, mu kiseera ekyo eyali ekyali mu bwakabaka bwa Bunyoro-Kitara. == Obulamu bw’obufumbo == Yawasa omukyala we yekka, Nakku, muwala wa Naserenga, ow’ekika ky’e Ffumbe. == Ensonga == Yazaala abaana basatu ab’obulenzi, mu mukazi we, Nakku ow’ekika ky’e Ffumbe: * Omulangira (Omulangira) Kazibwe * Omulangira (Omulangira) Walugembe * [[Ssekamanya owa Buganda|Kabaka Sekamaanya Kisolo]], Kabaka wa Buganda == Emyaka egyasembayo == [[:en:Died|Yakisa omukono]] mu Lubiri e Kiryokyembi, e Mitw'ebiri. Yaterekebwa e [[Gombe, Wakiso|Gombe]], mu Ssaza erya Bulemeezi era akawanga ke ne katerekebwa mu kibuga kye ekikulu. <ref name="The Customs of the Baganda">{{Cite book |last=Kaggwa |first=Apollo |date=1934 |title=The Customs of the Baganda |url=https://archive.org/details/customsofbaganda0022sira |last2=Kalibala |first2=Ernest B. |page=[https://archive.org/details/customsofbaganda0022sira/page/24 24]}}</ref> Ensonda endala ziraga yaterekebwa e Bulondo Busiro. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ssekabaka Mulondo Is Buried At Bulondo, Busiro |url=http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm |access-date=4 October 2014 |publisher=Buganda.com |archive-date=15 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615070042/http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Enambika y'obusika == {{s-start}} {{succession box|title=[[King of Buganda]]|before=[[Nakibinge of Buganda|Nakibinge Kagali]]|after=[[Jemba of Buganda|Jemba Busungwe]]|years=c.1555-c.1565}} {{s-end}} == Laba ne == * [[Kabaka wa Buganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130615070042/http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm Olukalala lwa Bassekabaka ba Buganda] mvt0q6wxdgmzy7iywzbe4co39pda4tk 0 12452 66787 44070 2026-08-05T18:28:45Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66787 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jemba Busungwe''' (yafa 1584) yali [[:en:Kabaka_of_Buganda|Sekabaka]] wa Buganda owe 10 mu [[:en:Buganda|Obwakabaka bwa Buganda]] wakati wa 1564 - 1584. Ajukirwa ng'omufuzi eyalina obukkakamu.<ref name="The Customs of the Baganda">{{Cite book |last=Kaggwa |first=Apollo |date=1934 |title=The Customs of the Baganda |url=https://archive.org/details/customsofbaganda0022sira |last2=Kalibala |first2=Ernest B. |page=[https://archive.org/details/customsofbaganda0022sira/page/25 25]}}</ref> == Okulya Obwakabaka == Yali mutabani wa [[Nakibinge of Buganda|Kabaka Nakibinge Kagali]], Sekabaka wa Buganda, wakati wa 1524 -1554. Maama we yali Najjemba, mukyala wa kitaawe ow'okubiri. [[:en:Enthronement|Yatuuzibwa]] ku [[:en:Throne|Nnamulondo]] oluvannyuma [[:en:Death|lw'okufa]] kwa mukulu we. Yatandikawo olubiri lwe ku lusozi Bubango, kati eyafuulibwa e Ssaza erya Busiro, mu [[Wakiso (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Wakiso]]. == Obulamu bw’obufumbo == Yalina [[:en:Wives|abakyala]]<nowiki/>basatu : <ref name="The Customs of the Baganda"/> * Nabbanja muwala wa Kayiira ow’ekika ky’e Mbogo * Nakkazi muwala wa Gabunga, ow’ekika kya Mamba * Nanfuka muwala wa Kasujja, ow’ekika ky’e Ngeye == Ensonga == Yalina abaana bana ab’obulenzi: <ref name="The Customs of the Baganda"/> * Omulangira (Omulangira) Kawaali, nga nnyina yali Nabbanja * Omulangira (Omulangira) Lulume, nga nnyina yali Nabbanja * Omulangira (Omulangira) Gogombe, nga nnyina yali Nakkazi * Omulangira (Omulangira) Zigulu, nga nnyina yali Nanfuka == Emyaka egyasembayo == Yakisa omukono mu Lubiri lwa Bagambamunyoro, Bubango,mu Ssaza Busiro, mu 1584. Yaziikibwa e Gombe, mu Ssaza Bulemeezi akawanga ne katerekebwa mu kibuga kye ekikulu. <ref name="The Customs of the Baganda"/> Ewalala kigambibwa akawanga ke katerekebwa Bubango,Busiro.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ssekabaka Jemba Is Buried at Bubango, Busiro |url=http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615070042/http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm |archive-date=15 June 2013 |access-date=4 October 2014 |publisher=Buganda.com}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Kabaka wa Buganda]] == Enambika y'obusika == {{s-start}} {{succession box|title=[[King of Buganda]]|before=[[Mulondo of Buganda|Mulondo]]|after=[[Suuna I of Buganda|Suuna I]]|years=c.1564-c.1584}} {{s-end}} == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130615070042/http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm Olukalala lwa Bassekabaka ba Buganda] Archived 6lp1klh0a0at3nx7473w4gwc1ghcmsj 0 12453 66841 44054 2026-08-05T19:17:03Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66841 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sekamaanya Kisolo''', era awandiikibwa nga '''Ssekamaanya Kisolo''', yali [[Kabaka wa Buganda|Sekabaka]] owa 12 mu [[Buganda|Bwakabaka bwa Buganda]] eyafuga wakati wa 1614 - 1634. Ajjukirwa ng'omufuzi omukambwe.<ref name="The Customs of the Baganda">{{Cite book |last=Kaggwa |first=Apollo |date=1934 |title=The Customs of the Baganda |url=https://archive.org/details/customsofbaganda0022sira |last2=Kalibala |first2=Ernest B. |page=26}}</ref> == Okulya Obwakabaka == Yali mutabani wa [[Mulondo of Buganda|Kabaka Mulondo Sekajja]], Sekabaka wa Buganda omuto. Maama we yali Nakku ow’e Ffumbe, omukyala yekka kitaawe gwe yawasa. [[:en:Enthronement|Yatuuzibwa ku Nnamulondo]] oluvannyuma lwa kojja we, [[:en:Suuna_I_of_Buganda|Suuna I]], okufa mu 1614. Ye yatandikawo olubiri ku lusozi Kongojje.<ref name="The Customs of the Baganda"/> == Obulamu bw’obufumbo == Yawasa omukyala omu Nabakyaala Nabuuso muwala wa Gunju ow’ekika ky’e Butiko. == Ensonga == Kabaka Sekamaanya yali taata wa [[Kateregga owa Buganda|Kabaka Kateregga Kamegere]], Kabaka wa Buganda ow’ekkumi n’ena, nga yeyali mutabani we yekka. == Emyaka egyasembayo == Yaterekebwa e Kongojje mu Busiro. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Kabaka Sekamaanya Is Buried At Kongojje, Busiro |url=http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm |access-date=4 October 2014 |publisher=Buganda.com |archive-date=15 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615070042/http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ennambika y'obusika == {{s-start}} {{succession box|title=[[King of Buganda]]|before=[[Suuna I of Buganda|Suuna I Kisolo]]|after=[[Kimbugwe of Buganda|Kimbugwe Kamegere]]|years=c. 1614 – c. 1634}} {{s-end}} == Laba ne == * [[Kabaka wa Buganda]] * [[Buganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130615070042/http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm Olukalala lwa Bassekabaka ba Buganda] nv09zko3i553yhvpm25xso70618eime 0 12454 66852 44085 2026-08-05T19:30:27Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66852 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kimbugwe Kamegere''' yali [[Kabaka wa Buganda|Sekabaka]] [[Buganda|wa Buganda]] wakati wa 1634 -1644. Yali Sekabaka owe 13. Ajjukirwa nga kabaka omulungi. <ref name="The Customs of the Baganda">{{Cite book |last=Kaggwa |first=Apollo |date=1934 |title=The Customs of the Baganda |url=https://archive.org/details/customsofbaganda0022sira |last2=Kalibala |first2=Ernest B. |page=26}}</ref> == Okutuuzibwa ku Nnamulondo == Yazaalibwa Kongojje, ye mutabani wa [[Ssuuna I of Buganda|Suuna I Kisolo]], Skeabaka wa Buganda wakati wa 1584 -1614. Maama we yali Naluggwa ow’ekika ky’e Ndiga, mukyala wa kitaawe ow'okubiri. [[:en:Enthronement|Yatuuzibwa]] ku [[:en:Throne|Nnamulondo]] oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa kizibwe we, [[Ssekamanya of Buganda|Kabaka Sekamaanya]]. Yatandikawo olubiri olwe Bugwaanya. == Obulamu bw’obufumbo == Yalina abakyala basatu: <ref name="The Customs of the Baganda"/> * Nakamyuuka muwala wa Mukusu ow'ekika ky'e Mpindi * Nakunja muwala wa Sekayiba ow'ekika kya Mbogo * Nabakyaala Nabuuso, Naabagareka, muwala wa Gunju, ow’ekika ky’e Butiko era nnamwandu w’eyamusooka, [[Ssekamanya of Buganda|Kabaka Sekamaanya Kisolo]], Kabaka wa Buganda, eyafuga wakati wa 1614 ne 1634. == Ensonga == Yazaala abaana babiri ab’obulenzi, bombi mu mukyala we eyasooka Nakamyuuka: <ref name="The Customs of the Baganda"/> * Omulangira (Omulangira) Kamyuuka * Omulangira (Omulangira) Baleke == Emyaka egyasembayo == Yattibwa, kigambibwa nti yattibwa mu [[:en:Witchcraft|mungeri eya kalogo kalenzi]] omwana omugya nannyina ow'obulenzi. Omulangira Kateregga, eyamusikira ku Nnamulondo, nga mu 1644. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Yaterekebwa e Bugwaanya mu Busiro. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kabaka Kimbugwe Is Buried At Bugwaanya, Busiro |url=http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615070042/http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm |archive-date=15 June 2013 |access-date=4 October 2014 |publisher=Buganda.com}}</ref> == Ennambika y'obusika == == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130615070042/http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm Olukalala lwa Bassekabaka ba Buganda] Archived 6dmkippr3xbthr8ng4s2td2knvskk4u 0 12455 66801 44196 2026-08-05T18:45:34Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66801 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kateregga Kamegere''' yali [[Kabaka wa Buganda|Sekabaka]] ow'e 14 mu [[Buganda|Bwakabaka bwa Buganda]] wakati wa 1644 - 1674.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-01 |title=Who are Buganda’s longest serving kings? |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/who-are-buganda-s-longest-serving-kings--4322798 |access-date=2024-05-28 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-06-16 |title=The Buganda Kings {{!}} Uganda Info |url=https://www.ugandainfo.com/uganda/monarchies/buganda-kingdom/the-buganda-kings/ |access-date=2024-05-28 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-05-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528133607/https://www.ugandainfo.com/uganda/monarchies/buganda-kingdom/the-buganda-kings/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Okulya Obwakabaka == Ye mutabani yekka owa [[Ssekamanya of Buganda|Sekabaka Sekamaanya]], Kabaka wa Buganda, eyafugira wakati wa 1614 ne 1634. Maama we yali Nabakyaala Nabuuso, [[:en:Nnabagereka_of_Buganda|Naabagareka]], [[:en:Wife|mukyala]] wa kitaawe yekka . [[:en:Enthronement|Yatuula ku Nnamulondo]] oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa kitaawe omuto, nga kigambibwa nti, oluvannyuma lw’okumutta mu [[:en:Witchcraft|bikolwa ebya kalogo kalenzi]] mu 1644. Ku mulembe gwa [[Kimbugwe owa Buganda|Kimbugwe]], Omulangira Kateregga yazaala abalongo nga ba bulenzi. Ng'akola emikolo egy'okubazina nga ne Kabaka w'ali, Kateregga yawerekebwaako omukyala ataali Nnalongo mu kifo kya maama w’abalongo, kubanga ono yali mulema. Kimbugwe okubuuliriza ku maama w’abalongo bano obutabaawo kyanyiiza Kateregga n’abafulumya wabweeru wakati mu mukolo. Kateregga yalangirira olutalo ku Kabaka Kimbugwe, mwe yawamba entebe ku kizibwe we. == Omulembe gwe == Yatandikawo [[:en:Capital_(political)|ekibuga ekikulu]] kye ku lusozi Lugeye. Kateregga amanyiddwa nnyo olw’empisa ze ez’effujjo, n’okuyigganyizibwa kwe yakola ku kika ''ky’ab'engo'' (engo) olw’okugamba nti balina akakwate ku bwakabaka. Abantu b’ekika kino beesanga nga basenguka, ne beegatta ku bika ebirala oba okutandikawo ebika eby’enjawulo okusobola okwekweeka nobutamanyibwa. Ku ttaka lya Buganda, Kateregga yagattako Butambala ne Gomba ng’ayita mu kuwamba. Yassaawo abaami be mu bitundu bino nga bwe kiri mu bugwanjuba bwa Singo. Okulonda kwe abaami b’obwakabaka mu bifo eby’obufuzi mu masaza kiraga okuva ku bufuzi obutali butereevu obw’abakulu b’ebika n’abaami ab’obusika okudda ku bufuzi obusinga obutereevu obw’obwakabaka. == Obulamu bw’obufumbo == Yawasa abakyala mwenda (9) : <ref name="The Customs of the Baganda">{{Cite book |last=Kaggwa |first=Apollo |date=1934 |title=The Customs of the Baganda |url=https://archive.org/details/customsofbaganda0022sira |last2=Kalibala |first2=Ernest B. |page=[https://archive.org/details/customsofbaganda0022sira/page/27 27]}}</ref> * Nakabugo muwala wa Mugema ow'ekika kya Nkima * Nakamu muwala wa Kinyolo, ow’ekika ky’e Nkima * Nakinyago muwala wa Naserenga ow'ekika kya Ffumbe * Naalongo Kawenyera mwannyina wa Nakabugo, era muwala wa Mugema, ow'ekika ky'e Nkima * Naluggwa muwala wa Lwoomwa ow'ekika ky'e Ndiga * Namayumba muwala wa Mugema ow'ekika ky'e Nkima * Namugayi muwala wa Mpinga ow’ekika ky’e Lugave * Namutebi muwala wa Mbaja ow'ekika kya Mamba. * Nanzigu muwala wa Sekayiba ow'ekika kya Mbogo. Era yawasa abakyala 100 ab'okweyambisa n’abawala 200. == Ensonga == Yazaala [[:en:Children|abaana]] kkumi na bataano (15) : * Omulangira (Omulangira) Lumansi Kijojo, nga nnyina yali Nakabugo * Omulangira (Omulangira) Naluwembe, nga nnyina yali Nakamu * Omulangira (Omulangira) Kinyago, nga nnyina yali Nakinyago * Omulangira (Omulangira) Wasswa Sseninde, nga nnyina yali Naalongo Kawenyera. (Yazaalibwa nga 1644 tannatuuka ne muganda we Kato) * Omulangira (Omulangira) Kato Geserwa, nga nnyina yali Naalongo Kawenyera. (Yazaalibwa nga 1644 tannatuuka ne muganda we Waswa) * Omulangira (Omulangira) Senninde, nga nnyina yali Naluggwa * Omulangira (Omulangira) Gaweserwa, nga nnyina yali Naluggwa * Omulangira (Omulangira) Kawuuwa, nga nnyina yali Namayumba * Omulangira (Omulangira) Kawagga, nga nnyina yali Namugayi * Omulangira (Omulangira) Kazibwe Katakessu, nga nnyina yali Namugayi * [[Mutebi I owa Buganda|Kabaka Mutebi I]], Kabaka wa Buganda okuva mu 1674 okutuuka mu 1680, nga nnyina yali Namutebi * [[Jjuuko owa Buganda|Kabaka Juuko Mulwaana]], Kabaka wa Buganda, wakati wa 1680 ne 1690, nga nnyina yali Namutebi * [[Ssekabaka Kayemba of Buganda|Kabaka Kayemba Kisiki]], Kabaka wa Buganda, wakati wa 1690 ne 1704, nga nnyina yali Namutebi * Omulangira (Omulangira) Nzigu, nga nnyina yali Nanzigu * Omumbejja (Omumbejja) Nazibanja, nga nnyina yali Naluggwa. == Emyaka egyasembayo == Yafa olw’okulumwa eggongolo mu bitundu bye [[:en:Genitals|eby’ekyama]] mu 1674. Yaterekebwa e Mitw’ebiri. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Ensonda endala ezesigika ziraga yaterekebwa Buteregga mu Busiro.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Ssekabaka Kateregga Is Buried At Buteregga, Busiro |url=http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615070042/http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm |archive-date=15 June 2013 |access-date=5 October 2014 |publisher=Buganda.com}}</ref> == Ennambika y'obusika == == Laba ne == * [[Kabaka wa Buganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130615070042/http://www.buganda.com/kings.htm Olukalala lwa Bassekabaka ba Buganda] Archived jl3wcaet28xxfs5k88s3r5e2tq68b30 0 12672 66826 60550 2026-08-05T19:05:08Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66826 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Denis Cecil Hills''' (8 Musenene 1913 &#x2013; 26 Kafumulampawu mu 2004) yali Mungereza/muzungu omuwandiisi, musomesa, mutambuze era muvuzi wa bivvulu. Yajja okumanyika mu nsi yonna mu mwaka gwa 1975 ng’abeera mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]] era n’asalirwa ekibonerezo ky’okufa olw’obukessi n’okujeemera gavumenti oluvannyuma lw’okwogera ku Pulezidenti [[Idi Amin]] mu kitabo Hills kye yawandiika. Oluvannyuma lwa Amin okugaana okujulira kwa [[:en:Elizabeth_II|Queen Elizabeth II]] okusonyiyibwa, Hills yayimbulwa n’akkirizibwa okudda e Bungereza oluvannyuma lwa gavumenti ya Bungereza okuyingira mu nsonga. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Sandbrook |first=Dominic |author-link=Dominic Sandbrook |date=2013 |title=Seasons in the Sun: The Battle for Britain, 1974–1979 |url=https://archive.org/details/seasonsinsunbatt0000sand |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |isbn=978-1-846-14032-7 |location=London |pages=[https://archive.org/details/seasonsinsunbatt0000sand/page/84 84]–85}}</ref> == Ebikwata ku bulamu bwe == Hills yazaalibwa mu kitundu ky'e [[:en:Birmingham|Birmingham]] ekiyitibwa [[:en:Moseley|Moseley]] . Yasomera mu [[:en:King_Edward's_School,_Birmingham|ssomero lya King Edward, Birmingham]] nga tannagenda mu [[:en:Lincoln_College,_Oxford|Lincoln College, Oxford]] mu 1932, gye yasomera [[:en:Philosophy,_Politics_and_Economics|obufirosoofo, eby'obufuzi n'ebyenfuna]] . Mu 1935, yava e Oxford n’agenda okuyita mu [[:en:Nazi_Germany|Bugirimaani]], neyetekamu ssente ng’awandiika mu lupapula lwa ''[[:en:Birmingham_Post|Birmingham Post]]'' . Ng’akomyewo e Bungereza, Hills yakolera mu [[:en:Shell-Mex_&_BP|Shell-Mex & BP]] okumala akaseera katono nga tannagenda [[Bupoolo|Poland]] mu 1937 ng’omuwandiisi w’Olungereza mu magazini y’ebyobuwangwa. Ekitabo kya Hills ''ekiyitibwa Komawo e Poland'' kyalaga nti yali ayagala nnyo Poland nga ssematalo tannabaawo, era mu 1939 yagenda e [[Warszawa|Warsaw]] okusomesa Olungereza. Olutalo bwe lwatandiika, yagenda ku busozi bwa [[Romania]] gye yakolagana n’olukiiko [[:en:British_Council|lwa Bungereza]] . Okumala ekiseera yasindikibwa mu kibinja kya [[:en:Stanisław_Kopański|General Kopański]] ekya [[:en:Polish_Independent_Carpathian_Rifle_Brigade|Polish Carpathian Lancers Brigade]], n'oluvannyuma n'atwalibwa mu kibinja [[:en:King's_Own_Royal_Regiment|kya Kabaka yennyini ekya Royal Regiment]] . Ng’ayogera Olupolish, yeegatta ku kibinja kya [[:en:5th_Kresowa_Infantry_Division_(Polish)|5th Kresowa Division]] mu [[:en:Iraq|Iraq]] ne [[:en:Mandatory_Palestine|Palestine]] nga tannasindikibwa mu [[Yitale]] mu 1944. Mu 1944, Hills yaweereza ng’omuserikale mu [[:en:Eighth_Army_(United_Kingdom)|ggye lya Bungereza eryomunaana]] mu Yitale. Yalwana n'ekibinja kya bakubi bebikonde mu Polandi mu Carpathian Lancers Brigade ne Kabaka yennyini owobwakabaka . [[:en:Second_World_War|Ssematalo II]] . Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo [[:en:Battle_of_Monte_Cassino|lwa Monte Cassino]], yali yeenyigira mu kussa mu nkola endagaano z’okuzzaayo abantu mu nsi ya Yalta. Yakizuula nti enkumi n’enkumi z’Abayukuleyini n’Abalussiya baali basindikibwa mu gulags oba okusalirwa omusango gw’okufa. Kino kyali kimanyiddwa nga [[:en:Operation_Keelhaul|Operation Keelhaul]] . Kino Hills teyasobola kukikkiriza kuba baali balwanisa ku mabbali [[:en:Allies_of_World_War_II|g’amawanga ag’omukago]] okulwanyisa [[:en:Nazis|Abanazi]] era yakola kyonna ekisoboka okulemesa okudda kwa bonna okuggyako ekitono ennyo. [[:en:Norman_Davies|Norman Davies]] mu kitabo kye ''[[:en:Europe:_A_History|Europe: A History]]'' ne [[:en:Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn|Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn]] mu ''[[:en:The_Gulag_Archipelago|The Gulag Archipelago]]'' baategeera ekitundu Hills kye yalina mu kino. Empapula zino zirimu ebbaluwa nnyingi ez’omuwendo Hills ze yalina ne [[:en:Nikolai_Tolstoy|Nikolai Tolstoy]], Pulofeesa [[:en:Hugh_Trevor-Roper|Hugh Trevor-Roper]], [[:en:Nicholas_Bethell,_4th_Baron_Bethell|Lord Bethell]] n’abalala bangi awamu n’ebiwandiiko bya [[:en:Public_Record_Office|Public Record Office]] biyamba okulaga ekyaliwo ddala. Hills yakwata layini y’emu ey’obuntubulamu era eyeetongodde ku kibuuzo ky’emmeeri ya SS ''Fede'', emmeeri eyali efuuse ng'esimbiddwa ku nnyanja [[:en:La_Spezia|La Spezia]] era ng’ejjudde [[:en:Jews|Abayudaaya]] aba Poland 1,200, abaawonawo [[:en:Holocaust|okuttibwa kw’Abayudaaya]] abaali abamalirivu okugenda e Palestine nga boolekedde omuggalo gw’Abangereza n’obukwakkulizo ku migabo gy’Abayudaaya okuyingira mu nsi. Abayudaaya baali bamaze okwediima enjala, era abakulembeze baabwe baali batiisatiisa okutulisa eryato singa Abangereza bagaana okusaabala. Hills yasikiriza ab’obuyinza okutunula ewala nga ''Fede'' esitula ennanga, ekitundu ekyatafa [[:en:Leon_Uris|Leon Uris]] mu kitabo kye ''[[:en:Exodus_(Uris_novel)|Exodus]]'' . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Davies |first=Norman |date=1996 |title=Europe: A History |url=https://archive.org/details/europehistory00davi_0 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-820171-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Olutalo bwe lwaggwa, Hills yafuuka omuvvuunuzi era omukwanaganya w’amagye ga Soviet Union e [[:en:Taranto|Taranto]] . Oluvannyuma lw’okuggyibwako amagye, yasomesa Olungereza mu Bugirimaani era mu butonde nga tateredde yavuga obugaali okuva mu [[:en:Arctic_Circle|Arctic Circle]] okutuuka e [[:en:Salonika|Salonika]] mu [[Buyonaani]] . Mu 1955 yagenda e [[Buturuki|Turkey]] ng’asomesa Olungereza mu [[:en:Ankara|Ankara]] nga tannafuuka musomesa mu yunivasite y’ebyemikono. Mu 1963 Hills yasengukira mu Uganda. Yali asomesa mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite e Makerere]] mu [[Kampala]] Idi Amin bwe yawamba obuyinza mu 1971. Hills yayogera ku Amin mu kitabo kye yali awandiika, ''Ensujju enjeru'', era yakwatibwa mu gwokuna 1975, n’avunaanibwa omusango gw’obukessi n’okujeemera gavumenti. Yawozesebwa mu kkooti y’amagye eyakubirizibwa [[:en:Juma_Butabika|Juma Butabika]], yasalibwa omusango gw’okufa ng’akuba amasasi olw’okuyita nnakyemalira ono nti ‘Nero omuddugavu’ era ‘omutyoboozi w’ebyalo’. Nnabagereka Elizabeth II yeegayirira ku lwa Hills, era omuwandiisi w’ensonga z’ebweru mu kiseera ekyo, [[:en:James_Callaghan|James Callaghan]], yabuuka n’agenda e Kampala okuzza Hills awaka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Denis Hills |author-link=Denis Hills |date=7 September 1975 |title=THE JAILER AS SEEN BY HIS EXPRISONER |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/09/07/archives/the-jailer-as-seen-by-his-exprisoner.html |access-date=24 October 2018 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Mu 1981 Hills yeezannya mu firimu ''[[Rise and Fall of Idi Amin|ya Rise and Fall eya Idi Amin]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rise and Fall of Idi Amin (1981) |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0081430/ |access-date=26 September 2018 |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> Ebyaliwo byayogerwako omukozi wa firimu ow'e Wales [[:en:Max_Boyce|Max Boyce]] mu luyimba lwe olw'okusiima abayimbi ba Rugby abamanyiddwa nga Pontypool Front Row, "Tufunye obuzibu mu Uganda, ne Pulezidenti Amin/Twalina okuweereza omubaka n'obubaka okuva ewa Nnabagereka/Okusigala nga battibwa, kyokka Amin n'addamu nti "Nedda"/Okutuusa nga kaadi eweerezeddwa okuva ewa Viet Gwent – the... Pontypool Olunyiriri lw'omu maaso". Hills yaddayo mu Afirika mu 1976, ng’ayita mu [[:en:Southern_Rhodesia|Bukiikaddyo bwa Rhodesia]], era nga kino kye kyali omutwe gw’ekitabo kye ekiyitibwa enaku ezisembayo eza ''Rhodesia'' . Mu 1982 yasomesa mu [[:en:Nairobi|kibuga Nairobi]] . Mu 1985 Hills yaddayo e Poland kyokka mu bufunze n'agobebwa olw'ekitundu ekyali mu lupapula lwa ''[[:en:The_Daily_Telegraph|essimu eyabulilunaku eyitibwa]]'' Peterborough, mwe yayogerwako ng'atambula mu Poland asobole okuwandiika "ekitabo ekitali kya kusiima ku gavumenti y'Abakomunisiti". Hills yalina omwana omuwala, munnakatemba [[:en:Gillian_Hills|Gillian Hills]], okuva mu mukyala we eyasooka Dunia Leśmian, muwala w'omupolisi omuyimbi ow'obubonero Omupolandi [[:en:Bolesław_Leśmian|Bolesław Leśmian]], n'abaana babiri ab'obulenzi okuva mu mukyala we owookubiri Ingrid Jan. == Ebitabo == * ''Entambula zange mu Turkey'' (London: [[:en:Allen_&_Unwin|George Allen & Unwin]], 1964) * ''Omusajja ng’alina entongooli ya Lobelia'' (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1969) * ''Ensujju enjeru'' (London: George Allen ne Unwin, 1976) * ''Abantu b’Abayeekera'' (London: G. Allen & Unwin, 1978) * ''Ennaku ez’enkomerero eza White Rhodesia'' (London: [[:en:Chatto_&_Windus|Chatto & Windus]], 1981) * ''Olwazi lw’empewo: okudda mu Afirika'' (London: Deutsch, 1984) * ''Okudda e Poland'' (London: [[:en:The_Bodley_Head|Omutwe gwa Bodley]], 1988) * ''Abatyoboozi n’ensozi: obulamu obw’obulagajjavu'' (London: [[:en:John_Murray_(publishing_house)|John Murray Publishers]], 1992) == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Authority control}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == *  Fair, John(4 ogwokutaano mu 2004). "Denis Hills: omuwandiisi era omusanyusa awonye ekibonerezo kya Idi Amin eky'okufa". The guardian *  "Denis Hills". Essimu eya buli lunaku. 30 ogwokuna 2004. * "Omulabe wa Amin Hills afiridde ku 90". New vision. 13 ogwokutaano mu 2004. Archived from the original nga 18 ogwokubiri 2012. Retrieved 22 ogwomwenda 2018. {{Authority control}} [[Category:Abasomesa]] pv7acsojmeq25ngs9fgt94ooquzkowl 0 12682 66828 52672 2026-08-05T19:07:54Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66828 wikitext text/x-wiki   Rolex kye kimu ku by’okulya eby’oku luguudo ebimanyiddwa ennyo mu Uganda , ng’erimu omelette [[Ebika by'enva|y’enva endiirwa]] ng’ezingiddwa mu chapati (ekika ky’omugaati omuwanvu ). <ref name="emmymade">{{Cite web |last=Emmy |date=June 11, 2024 |title=Homemade Chapati & The Ugandan Rolex |url=https://www.emmymade.com/homemade-chapati-the-ugandan-rolex/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Emmymade}}</ref>Ekyokulya kino kitwalibwa ng’eky’obugagga ky’eggwanga n’akabonero k’obuwangwa bwa Uganda, nga ekiikirira okugatta ebirungo by’okufumba eby’omu South Asia n’ebirungo by’omu kitundu awamu n’ebyo bye baagala. <ref name="conversation">{{Cite web |last= |date=January 4, 2025 |title=Uganda's rolex is much more than a street food – it's a national treasure |url=https://theconversation.com/ugandas-rolex-is-much-more-than-a-street-food-its-a-national-treasure-241439 |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=The Conversation}}</ref> Kino kitegekebwa nga bagatta amagi(omelette) n'enva endiirwa ezizingiddwa mu chapati . Ekyokulya kino kyangu okuteekateeka , era esobola okukilya essaawa yonna ey’olunaku, okuva ku ky’enkya okutuuka ku mmere ey’ekyemisana oba ey’ekyeggulo oba emmere ey’akawoowo. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Briggs |first=Philip |year=2020 |title=Uganda: The Bradt Travel Guide |url=https://archive.org/details/ugandabradttrave0009brig |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=9781784776428 |location=England |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ugandabradttrave0009brig/page/81 81] |language=English}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Parke |first=Phoebe |date=2016-06-05 |title=Why African chefs think you should eat Rolex |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/05/africa/african-food-internet/index.html |access-date=29 August 2016 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> Erinnya "Rolex" liva mu nkola y'okuteekateeka, naddala okuva mu kigambo "amagi agazingiddwa," nga omelette bw'eyiringisibwa munda mu chapati. Olukungaana luno olw'okutuuma amannya mu ngeri ey’okusaaga esigadde nywevu nnyo mu buwangwa bwa Uganda, era abantu b’omu kitundu batera okusaaga nga bagamba nti: '''“'''Wano tetwambala ''rolex'', tugirya. ." <ref name="csmonitor">{{Cite web |last= |date=June 7, 2023 |title=Uganda rolex street food hits price problems |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Africa/2023/0427/In-Uganda-rolex-is-a-timeless-street-food |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Christian Science Monitor}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-04-02 |title=The Ugandan town selling rolex for 40p |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/newsbeat-31125224 |access-date=29 August 2016 |website=BBC News |publisher=}}</ref> <ref name="africanews">{{Cite web |last=Muisyo |first=Victor |date=August 22, 2015 |title=In Uganda, 'Rolex' means time for an egg snack |url=https://www.africanews.com/2018/08/22/in-uganda-rolex-means-time-for-an-egg-snack/ |access-date=May 30, 2019 |publisher=Africanews |language= |quote=}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo n’ensibuko == [[File:Rolex_wrap.jpg|thumb|Rolex ekyenkya wrap okuva e Mbale, Uganda]] Rolex eno yasibuka mu kitundu ky’e Busoga mu buvanjuba bwa Uganda, abantu b’e Basoga gye baasooka okukwatagana n’emmere y’e Asia nga bayita mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ebyafaayo n’engeri y’okusenguka. <ref name="conversation"/> Essowaani eno ekiikirira okugatta ennono z’okufumba z’Abayindi n’ebirungo bya Uganda eby’omu kitundu n’enkola y’okufumba. <ref name="conversation" /> Ekitundu kya chapati kyayingizibwa mu Uganda abakozi Abayindi abaali bafunye endagaano abaaleetebwa ab'obuyinza mu matwale ga Bungereza ku nkomerero y'ekyasa eky'ekkumi n'omwenda okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa Uganda okuva ku mwalo gw'e Kenya e Mombasa okutuuka e [[Kampala]] . <ref name="csmonitor"/> Okuva lwe yasibuka mu Busoga, endowooza ya Rolex yasaasaana mu bitundu by’e [[Wandegeya]] okumpi ne [[Makerere University, Uganda|Yunivasite y’e Makerere]] mu Kampala, gye yafunira ettutumu mu bayizi abasiima ebbeeyi yaayo, ennyangu, n’omugaso gw’emmere. <ref name="cpafrica">{{Cite web |last= |date=December 10, 2019 |title=Really Tasty Rolex, a traditional Ugandan dish |url=https://www.cpafrica.org.uk/a-taste-of-africa/a-taste-of-africa-first-stop-uganda/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=CPA}}</ref> Emmere eno mu kusooka yatwalibwa nga "emmere y'omuntu omwavu" naye mpolampola yakkirizibwa mu bantu ab'ebiti byonna. . <ref name="cpafrica" /> <ref name="africanews"/> <ref name="kabiza">{{Cite web |last= |date=April 24, 2025 |title=Rolex – the Favorite Street Food of Ugandans |url=https://kabiza.com/rolex-the-favorite-street-food-of-ugandans/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Kabiza}}</ref> == Okuteekateeka n’ebirungo == Rolex ey’ennono erimu ebitundu ebikulu ebiwerako ebitegekeddwa mu nsengeka eyeetongodde. Omusingi gwe gwa chapati ogwaakakolebwa, nga guno gwe mugaati omugonvu ogutali muzimbulukufu ogufaananako ne roti oba paratha . <ref name="dontmiss">{{Cite web |last= |date=October 26, 2020 |title=Ugandan Rolex (Omelette Rolled in Chapati) |url=https://www.dontmissmyplate.com/how-to-cook/2020/10/16/ugandan-rolex |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Don't Miss My Plate |archive-date=2025-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250801173422/https://www.dontmissmyplate.com/how-to-cook/2020/10/16/ugandan-rolex |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ekitundu kya magi (omelette) kitera okubeeramu amagi agakubiddwa nga gatabikiddwamu enva endiirwa ezisalasalidwa obulungi nga kkabichi, ennyaanya, n’obutungulu,okukola ekijjuulo ekirabika obulungi era ekiwooma . <ref name="kabiza"/>Enkola y'okufumba erimu okuteekateeka chapati okusooka, okuva ku ntandikwa oba okukozesa omugaati ogwakolebwa edda. . Oluvannyuma ebilungo ebigatidwa mu magi n’enva endiirwa bifumbibwa nga omelette mu ssepiki okutuusa wansi lw’ateredde, oluvannyuma ne bagukyusa okufumba oludda olulala. <ref name="allmom">{{Cite web |last= |date=March 13, 2025 |title=Rolex Recipe, A Delicious & Popular Ugandan Street Food |url=https://www.allmomdoes.com/blog/rolex-recipe-a-delicious-popular-ugandan-street-food/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=AllMomDoes}}</ref> Bw'omala okuteekamu ebirungo byonna, oteeka omelette ku chapati n'ogizinga , n'ofuna ekijjulo ekyokulya ekitambuzika, ela nga osobola okikwata mu ngalo . <ref name="allmom" /> [[File:ROLEX2.jpg|alt=A "Rolex" merchant frying chapatis|thumb|Omusuubuzi wa "Rolex" ng'asiika chapati]] Rolex egabulibwa ku mikolo egy’enjawulo mu bantu ba Uganda okusukka omulimu gwayo ng’okuyimirizaawo. Kikola ng’akabonero k’eggwanga n’okugumira embeera, nga kikiikirira okukyusakyusa mu ngeri ey’obuyiiya kw’ebikozesebwa mu kufumba kw’amawanga amalala okusinziira ku buwoomi bw’omu kitundu n’embeera z’ebyenfuna. <ref name="tandfonline">{{Cite journal |last=Lukanda |first=Ivan Nathanael |date=2025 |title=Street Food Discourses and the Case of the Ugandan "Rolex" |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13696815.2024.2391742 |journal=Journal of African Cultural Studies |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=227–241 |doi=10.1080/13696815.2024.2391742 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2025-07-14}}</ref> Essowaani eno era ekola ng’akabonero akalaga emirimu gy’ebyenfuna, kubanga abatunzi ba rolex bali buli wamu mu bibuga n’obubuga bwa Uganda bwonna, nga kiwa bangi emikisa gy’emirimu. <ref name="tandfonline" /> Rolex eyingidde nnyo mu bulamu bwa Uganda obwa bulijjo, ng’essowaani eno eriibwa essaawa yonna ey’olunaku, okuva ku ky’enkya okutuuka ku ky’eggulo, ekigifuula eky’okulya eky’enjawulo ekisukkulumye ku nsalo z’emmere ey’ekinnansi. <ref name="eatwell">{{Cite web |last= |date=May 25, 2022 |title=Home-made Ugandan Rolex Recipe |url=https://eatwellabi.com/home-made-ugandan-rolex-recipe/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=eat well abi}}</ref> Emmere eno ereeta okuwulira okw’okujjukira n’okwegomba mu Bannayuganda ababeera ebweru w’eggwanga, okukola ng’akakwate ku maka n’obuwangwa. <ref name="tandfonline" /> <ref name="africanews"/> <ref name="kabiza"/> Kikuzibwa mu luyimba lwa hip hop olwa [[Zohran Mamdani]] (nga Young Cardamom) ne munne HAB. Okumanyika kwa rolex kiviiriddeko okubuna mu Uganda yonna. Abasuubuzi b’oku nguudo n’emidaala ku mabbali g’enguudo okwetoloola Kampala n’ebibuga ebirala ebinene be baweereza emeere eno, ng’ebiseera ebisinga bagitegekera mu ddakiika ezitakka wansi wa ttaano. <ref name="cpafrica"/>Olwokuba emmere eno nyangu yakutegeka n'okugifuna kigireetedde okumanyika ennyo abayizi, abakozi, n'abantu ababeera mu bibuga abanoonya emmere eri ku bbeeyi ensaamusaamu ate nga nnungi eri obulamu.. Rolex eno etundibwa ku ssente entono nga USh<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwoA">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>1,000/ (US$0.28), esinga kuliibwa mu bibuga ng’emmere ey’amangu era ebadde etumbulwa ab’obuyinza ng’ekifo eky’obulambuzi mu nsi yonna . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-25 |title=Uganda's 204kg rolex sets Guinness World Record |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/uganda-rolex-guinness-world-record-3693776 |access-date=2022-02-21 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Obukulu bw’obuwangwa bwa rolex byongera okuggumiza ekivvulu kya Rolex Festival ekitegekebwa buli mwaka mu masekkati ga Kampala, nga kino kyawagirwa ekitongole ky’ebyobulambuzi ekya Uganda Tourism Board. <ref name="cpafrica" /> Ekivvulu kino kijaguza omulimu gw'meere eno mu buwangwa bwa Uganda n'okugutumbula ng'ekimu ku by'obusika mu kufumba n'obulambuzi mu ggwanga. <ref name="cpafrica" /> == Enkola ez’enjawulo n’okukyusa okusinziira ku mulembe ogw’ennaku zino.” == [[File:Fried_eggs_for_making_a_rolex.jpg|thumb|Rolex ekika kya Rolex]] Wadde nga rolex ey’ekinnansi ekuuma ebitundu byayo ebikulu ebya chapati, amagi, n’enva endiirwa, enjawulo ez’omulembe zizze zijja okusobola okukola ku buwoomi obw’enjawulo n’emmere gye yeegomba. Abamu ku batunda bawaayo enkyusa ezisinga okuba ez’omutima omuli ebirungo ebirala oba okukyusaamu okusinziira ku buwoomi bw’ekitundu mu bitundu bya Uganda eby’enjawulo. <ref name="kabiza"/> Emmere eno era efunye okusiimibwa mu nsi yonna, ng’enkola okumanyibwa, ebirungo n'ebirala ebirabikira mu mawulire g'emmere mu nsi yonna n'ebirabo by'emmere ebikola ku mmere y'Abafirika <ref name="emmymade"/> Rolex ekiikirira ekyokulabirako ekirungi eky’okugatta eby’okufumba, nga kiraga engeri emmere ennansi gy’esobola okukulaakulana okuyita mu kuwaanyisiganya eby’obuwangwa ate nga ekuuma empisa zaayo enkulu n’amakulu g’obuwangwa. <ref name="conversation"/> <ref name="braai">{{Cite web |last= |date=October 2, 2024 |title=The Ugandan Rolex: How a Simple Street Food Became a Culinary Icon |url=https://www.braaininja.com/post/the-ugandan-rolex-how-a-simple-street-food-became-a-culinary-icon |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Braai Ninja |archive-date=2025-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250710223424/https://www.braaininja.com/post/the-ugandan-rolex-how-a-simple-street-food-became-a-culinary-icon |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ebigambo ebirala ebikwatagana ne rolex mulimu: * "Titanic": chapati bbiri oba okusingawo ezikozesebwa wamu mu kuyiringisiza ekitundu. * " [[Kikomando]] ": chapati bagisala ne bagitabulamu ebijanjalo. Erinnya lino liva ku mujaasi wa komando oba unit okulya amangu mu . Era kiyinza okutegeeza omuntu atatya kutambula ng’alya emmere y’oku nguudo n’emikono gye. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kikomando {{!}} Traditional Street Food From Uganda {{!}} TasteAtlas |url=https://www.tasteatlas.com/kikomando |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606200133/https://www.tasteatlas.com/kikomando |archive-date=2019-06-06 |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=www.tasteatlas.com}}</ref> Mu 2022, bbeeyi ya rolex yalinnya nnyo nga kyava ku olutalo lwa Russia ne Ukraine n’ebbeeyi y’obuwunga bw’eŋŋaano n’amafuta g’okufumba okulinnya. Pulezidenti wa Uganda [[Yoweri Museveni]] mu ngeri etamanyiddwa nnyo yawa amagezi nti abantu balekere awo okwemulugunya ku bbeeyi ya rolex ela nagamba balyemu muwogo. <ref name="csmonitor"/> == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == 1.{{cite web |author=Emmy |date=June 11, 2024 |title=Homemade Chapati & The Ugandan Rolex |url=https://www.emmymade.com/homemade-chapati-the-ugandan-rolex/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Emmymade}} 2.{{cite web |author=Emmy |date=June 11, 2024 |title=Homemade Chapati & The Ugandan Rolex |url=https://www.emmymade.com/homemade-chapati-the-ugandan-rolex/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Emmymade}} 3.{{Cite book |last=Briggs |first=Philip |year=2020 |title=Uganda: The Bradt Travel Guide |url=https://archive.org/details/ugandabradttrave0009brig |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=9781784776428 |location=England |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ugandabradttrave0009brig/page/81 81] |language=English}} 4.{{cite web |last=Parke |first=Phoebe |date=2016-06-05 |title=Why African chefs think you should eat Rolex |url=http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/05/africa/african-food-internet/index.html |accessdate=29 August 2016 |publisher=CNN}} 5.{{cite web |author= |date=June 7, 2023 |title=Uganda rolex street food hits price problems |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Africa/2023/0427/In-Uganda-rolex-is-a-timeless-street-food |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Christian Science Monitor}} 7.{{cite web |last=Muisyo |first=Victor |date=August 22, 2015 |title=In Uganda, 'Rolex' means time for an egg snack |url=https://www.africanews.com/2018/08/22/in-uganda-rolex-means-time-for-an-egg-snack/ |access-date=May 30, 2019 |publisher=Africanews |language= |quote= |location=}} 8.{{cite web |author= |date=December 10, 2019 |title=Really Tasty Rolex, a traditional Ugandan dish |url=https://www.cpafrica.org.uk/a-taste-of-africa/a-taste-of-africa-first-stop-uganda/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=CPA}} 9.{{cite web |author= |date=April 24, 2025 |title=Rolex – the Favorite Street Food of Ugandans |url=https://kabiza.com/rolex-the-favorite-street-food-of-ugandans/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Kabiza}} 10.{{cite web |author= |date=October 26, 2020 |title=Ugandan Rolex (Omelette Rolled in Chapati) |url=https://www.dontmissmyplate.com/how-to-cook/2020/10/16/ugandan-rolex |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Don't Miss My Plate |archive-date=2025-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250801173422/https://www.dontmissmyplate.com/how-to-cook/2020/10/16/ugandan-rolex |url-status=dead }} 11.{{cite web |author= |date=March 13, 2025 |title=Rolex Recipe, A Delicious & Popular Ugandan Street Food |url=https://www.allmomdoes.com/blog/rolex-recipe-a-delicious-popular-ugandan-street-food/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=AllMomDoes}} 12.{{cite journal |last1=Lukanda |first1=Ivan Nathanael |date=2025 |title=Street Food Discourses and the Case of the Ugandan "Rolex" |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13696815.2024.2391742 |journal=Journal of African Cultural Studies |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=227–241 |doi=10.1080/13696815.2024.2391742 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2025-07-14}} 13.{{cite web |author= |date=May 25, 2022 |title=Home-made Ugandan Rolex Recipe |url=https://eatwellabi.com/home-made-ugandan-rolex-recipe/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=eat well abi}} 14.{{cite web |author= |date=May 25, 2022 |title=Home-made Ugandan Rolex Recipe |url=https://eatwellabi.com/home-made-ugandan-rolex-recipe/ |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=eat well abi}} 15.{{cite web |author= |date=October 2, 2024 |title=The Ugandan Rolex: How a Simple Street Food Became a Culinary Icon |url=https://www.braaininja.com/post/the-ugandan-rolex-how-a-simple-street-food-became-a-culinary-icon |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=Braai Ninja |archive-date=2025-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250710223424/https://www.braaininja.com/post/the-ugandan-rolex-how-a-simple-street-food-became-a-culinary-icon |url-status=dead }} 17.{{Cite web |title=Kikomando {{!}} Traditional Street Food From Uganda {{!}} TasteAtlas |url=https://www.tasteatlas.com/kikomando |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606200133/https://www.tasteatlas.com/kikomando |archive-date=2019-06-06 |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=www.tasteatlas.com}} 18.{{cite news|date=2024-04-01|title=Ugandan Rolex|url=https://sportsafari.africa/news/141/|access-date=2024-04-01|work=sportsafari.africa|publisher=Nile Sport Safari}} 19.{{cite news|last1=Dahir|first1=Abdi Latif|title=Ukraine War Squeezes Street Snack in Uganda|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/02/28/world/africa/uganda-food-prices-ukraine-war.html|access-date=4 March 2023|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=28 February 2023}} ohcfmm32c9gat1lkgfdxahy3u076wgc 0 12697 66821 61017 2026-08-05T19:01:38Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66821 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Alamin Mohammed Seid''' (yazaalibwa 1946 oba 1947 – 15 Museenene, 2021)<ref>[https://allafrica.com/stories/202111160139.html Eritrea: Mr. Alamin Mohammed-Sied, Secretary of PFDJ, Passes Away]</ref> yali munnabyabufuzi mu Eritrea. Yazaalibwa mu kitundu Massawa ekya [[Eritrea]]. Alamin yeetaba mu lutalo lw'ameefuga ga Eritrea okuva mu 1964 lwe yeegatta ku kibiina kya Eritrean Liberation Front. Oluvannyuma yeegatta ku kibiina ekyafuuka Eritrean People’s Liberation Front (EPLF) mu 1970. Mu lutalo lw’ameefuga, yali akulira ekitongole kya EPLF ekikola ku nkolagana n’amawanga amalala. Alamin mu kaseera katono yaweerezaa ko nga Minisita w’ebyamawulire n’ebyobuwangwa. Ye ne Isaias Afewerki be bammemba babiri bokka ku kakiiko akafuzi aka EPLF abaali mu lukiiko olufuzi olwa People’s Front for Democracy and Justice mu lukiiko olw’okusatu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Killion |first=Tom |year=1998 |title=Historical Dictionary of Eritrea |url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000kill |publisher=The Scarecrow Press |isbn=0-8108-3437-5}}</ref> Mu Congress eno yalondebwa okuweereza ku kifo ky'omuwandiisi. == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] lovvwx9d2ifyy153eyi4akgg4t3c61c 0 12789 66845 46507 2026-08-05T19:25:15Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 4 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66845 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Kookolo w'amawuggwe |synonym =Kkansa w'amawuggwe |image =LungCACXR.PNG |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =A [[chest X-ray]] ekifaananyi ekiraga ekizimba ku mawuggwa (kisongeddwaako akasaale) |pronounce = |specialty =[[Oncology]]<ref name=WHO2021.1.inttro/> |obubonero =Okukolola (omuli okukolola omusaayi]]), okukogga, okukaluubirizibwa mu kussa, [[obulumi mu kifuba]]s<ref name="Harrison"/> |complications = |onset =~70 years<ref name="SEER"/> |duration = |types =*[[Small-cell carcinoma|Small-cell lung carcinoma]] (SCLC) *[[Non-small-cell lung carcinoma]] (NSCLC)<ref name=NCI2016Pt/> |causes = |risks ={{hlist|[[Tobacco smoking]]|[[genetics|genetic factors]]|[[radon]] gas|[[asbestos]]|[[air pollution]]<ref name=Kumar2020/>}} |diagnosis =[[Medical imaging]], [[tissue biopsy]]<ref name=Kumar2020/> |differential = |prevention = |treatment =[[Surgery]], [[chemotherapy]], [[radiation therapy|radiotherapy]]<ref name=Kumar2020/> |medication = |prognosis =[[Five-year survival rate]]: 10 to 20% (most countries), 33% (Japan), 27% (Israel), 25% (Republic of Korea)<ref name="Sung2021"/> |frequency =2.2&nbsp;million new cases in 2020<ref name="Glob2020"/> |deaths =1.8&nbsp;million (2020)<ref name="Sung2021"/> |named after = }} '''Kookolo w'amawuggwe''' era amanyiddwa nga kkansa '''w'amawuggwe''', [[Tumor|kizimba]] ekikulira mu [[Lung|mawuggwe]] nga kirimu obuwuka bwa [[Kokolo|kookolo]] ekimanyiddwa olw'[[Cell_growth|okukula kw'obutoffaali]] obutafugibwa mu bitundu by'amawuggwe.<ref>{{cite book |author1=WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board |date=2021 |title=Thoracic Tumours |url=https://publications.iarc.fr/Book-And-Report-Series/Who-Classification-Of-Tumours/Thoracic-Tumours-2021 |publisher=World Health Organization |isbn=978-92-832-4506-3 |edition=5th |volume=5 |location=Lyon (France) |pages=20-28 |language=en |chapter=1. Tumours of the lung: introduction |access-date=18 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514042717/https://publications.iarc.fr/Book-And-Report-Series/Who-Classification-Of-Tumours/Thoracic-Tumours-2021 |archive-date=14 May 2022 |url-status=live}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514042717/https://publications.iarc.fr/Book-And-Report-Series/Who-Classification-Of-Tumours/Thoracic-Tumours-2021|date=14 May 2022}}</ref> Okukula kuno kuyinza okusaasaana okusukka amawuggwe nga kuyita mu nkola y’okusaasaana mu bitundu ebiriraanyewo oba ebitundu by’omubiri ebirala eyitibwa [[Metastasis|metastatsis]].<ref>{{Cite book |year=2010 |title=Lung Cancer—the facts |url=https://archive.org/details/lungcancer0000falk/page/3 |vauthors=Falk S, Williams C |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-956933-5 |edition=3rd |pages=[https://archive.org/details/lungcancer0000falk/page/3 3–4] |chapter=Chapter 1 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/lungcancer0000falk}}</ref> [[Kokolo|Kookolo]] atandikira mu mawuggwe, asinga obungi y'oyo ayitibwa [[Carcinomas|carcinomas]].<ref name="WCR2014Chp5.1">{{cite book |year=2010 |title=Lung Cancer—the facts |url=https://archive.org/details/lungcancer0000falk/page/3 |vauthors=Falk S, Williams C |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-956933-5 |edition=3rd |pages=[https://archive.org/details/lungcancer0000falk/page/3 3–4] |chapter=Chapter 1 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/lungcancer0000falk}}</ref> Ebika ebikulu ebibiri bye bino: [[Small-cell_lung_carcinoma|kookolo w’amawuggwe ow’obutoffaali obutono]] (small-cell lung carcinoma) ne [[Non-small-cell_lung_carcinoma|kookolo w’amawuggwe ow’obutoffaali obunene]] (non-small-cell lung carcinoma).<ref>{{cite web |date=1980-01-01 |title=Lung Cancer—Patient Version |url=http://www.cancer.gov/types/lung |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309175259/http://www.cancer.gov/types/lung |archive-date=9 March 2016 |access-date=5 March 2016 |website=NCI |df=dmy-all}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309175259/http://www.cancer.gov/types/lung|date=9 March 2016}}</ref> Obubonero bwa kookolo w'amawuggwe obusinga okulabika kwe kukolola (nga mw’otwalidde n’okukolola omusaayi ), okukogga, okukaluubirizibwa mu kussa, n’okuwulira obulumi mu kifuba.<ref name="Harrison">{{Cite book|vauthors=Horn L, Lovly CM|title=Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781259834806_1|publisher=McGraw-Hill|veditors=Jameson JL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Loscalzo J|year=2018|chapter=Chapter 74: Neoplasms of the lung|edition=20th|isbn=978-1259644030}}</ref> Ebitundu 80 ku 100 mu balwadde ba kookolo w’amawuggwe biva ku [[Tobacco_smoking|kufuuweeta taaba oba sigala]] okumala ebbanga eddene.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sung |first1=Hyuna |last2=Ferlay |first2=Jacques |last3=Siegel |first3=Rebecca L. |last4=Laversanne |first4=Mathieu |last5=Soerjomataram |first5=Isabelle |last6=Jemal |first6=Ahmedin |last7=Bray |first7=Freddie |date=May 2021 |title=Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33538338/ |url-status=live |journal=CA: a cancer journal for clinicians |volume=71 |issue=3 |pages=209–249 |doi=10.3322/caac.21660 |issn=1542-4863 |pmid=33538338 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214010544/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33538338/ |archive-date=14 December 2021 |access-date=19 January 2022}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214010544/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33538338/|date=14 December 2021}}</ref> Mu nsi yonna, kookolo w’amawuggwe mu bantu abatafuuweetanga ku sigala oba taaba gugenze gweyongera.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal |last1=Dubin |first1=Sarah |last2=Griffin |first2=Daniel |date=2020 |title=Lung Cancer in Non-Smokers |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7431055/ |url-status=live |journal=Missouri Medicine |volume=117 |issue=4 |pages=375–379 |issn=0026-6620 |pmid=32848276 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117173224/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7431055/ |archive-date=17 January 2021 |access-date=19 January 2022}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117173224/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7431055/|date=17 January 2021}}</ref> Embeera eno etera okuva ku [[Essomabuzaale|nsonga z’obuzaale]] kw'ossa omuntu okussa omukka omubi omuli ogwa [[Radon|radon]], [[Asbestos|asibesito]], [[Passive_smoking|okuyingiza empewo erimu omukka gwa taaba]] oba omukka ogw'engere endala oguba gulimu obuwuka.<ref name="Kumar2020">{{Cite book|last=White|first=Veronica|last2=Ruperelia|first2=Prina|editor-last=Feather|editor-first=Adam|editor-last2=Randall|editor-first2=David|editor-last3=Waterhouse|editor-first3=Mona|title=Kumar and Clark's Clinical Medicine|date=2020|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-7020-7870-5|pages=975-982|edition=10th|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sl3sDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA975|language=en|chapter=28.Respiratory disease|access-date=19 January 2022|archive-date=19 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119144202/https://books.google.com/books?id=sl3sDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA975|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="MurrayNadel52">{{Cite book|vauthors=Alberg AJ, Brock MV, Samet JM|title=Murray & Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/murraynadelstext0001unse|publisher=Saunders Elsevier|year=2016|chapter=Chapter 52: Epidemiology of lung cancer|edition=6th|isbn=978-1-4557-3383-5}}</ref> Kookolo w’amawuggwe ayinza okuzuulibwa ng'abakugu beeyambisa ebyuma okuli [[Chest_radiograph|ekikuba ekifaananyi ky'omu kifuba]] (chest radiograph) n'ekya [[Computed_tomography|computed tomography]](CT scan).<ref name="Kumar2020" /> Okuzuula obulwadde buno kukakasibwa mu ngeri ya biopsy etera okukolebwa mu bronchoscopy oba CT-guidance.<ref name="Holland-Frei78">{{Cite book|vauthors=Lu C, Onn A, Vaporciyan AA, etal|title=Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/hollandfreicance0000unse|edition=8th|chapter=Chapter 78: Cancer of the Lung|publisher=People's Medical Publishing House|year=2010|isbn=978-1-60795-014-1}}</ref> Okwewala ebintu eby’obulabe, omuli okunywa sigala oba taaba n’obutassa mukka gwabulabe z’enkola enkulu ez’okuziyizaamu kookolo ono.<ref>{{cite web |date=November 4, 2015 |title=Lung Cancer Prevention–Patient Version (PDQ®) |url=http://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/patient/lung-prevention-pdq#section/_12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309063009/http://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/patient/lung-prevention-pdq#section/_12 |archive-date=9 March 2016 |access-date=5 March 2016 |website=NCI |df=dmy-all}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309063009/http://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/patient/lung-prevention-pdq#section/_12|date=9 March 2016}}</ref> Obujjanjabi n’ekuwona oba obutawona kisinziira ku kika kya kookolo, [[Staging_(pathology)|omutendera]] kw'azuuliddwa (diguli y’okusaasaana), n’embeera y'obulamu bw’omuntu okutwalira awamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lung Carcinoma: Tumors of the Lungs |url=http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec05/ch062/ch062b.html#sec05-ch062-ch062b-1405 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070816142739/http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec05/ch062/ch062b.html#sec05-ch062-ch062b-1405 |archive-date=16 August 2007 |access-date=15 August 2007 |publisher=Merck Manual Professional Edition, Online edition |df=dmy-all}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070816142739/http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec05/ch062/ch062b.html#sec05-ch062-ch062b-1405|date=16 August 2007}}</ref> Abalwadde abasinga obungi tebawona. Obujjanjabi obutera okukozesebwa mulimu okulongoosebwa, enkola ey'okukalirira n'okukozesa amasannyalaze ekiyitibwa radiotherapy.<ref name="Kumar2020" /> Kookolo w’amawuggwe ow’obutoffaali obunene oluusi ajjanjabwa n’okulongoosebwa, so nga kookolo w’amawuggwe ow’obutoffaali obutono etera okuwonera ku nkola ey'okukalirirwa n’obujjanjabi obw’amasannyalaze.<ref>{{Cite book|vauthors=Chapman S, Robinson G, Stradling J, West S, Wrightson J|title=Oxford Handbook of Respiratory Medicine|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordhandbookof0000unse_f2c2|edition=3rd|chapter=Chapter 31|page=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordhandbookof0000unse_f2c2/page/284 284]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2014|isbn=978-0-19-870386-0}}</ref> Mu nsi yonna mu 2020, kookolo w’amawuggwe yaluma abantu obukadde 2 mu emitwalo 20 n'avaako okufa kw'abantu akakadde 1 m emitwalo 80.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sung |first1=Hyuna |last2=Ferlay |first2=Jacques |last3=Siegel |first3=Rebecca L. |last4=Laversanne |first4=Mathieu |last5=Soerjomataram |first5=Isabelle |last6=Jemal |first6=Ahmedin |last7=Bray |first7=Freddie |date=May 2021 |title=Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33538338/ |url-status=live |journal=CA: a cancer journal for clinicians |volume=71 |issue=3 |pages=209–249 |doi=10.3322/caac.21660 |issn=1542-4863 |pmid=33538338 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214010544/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33538338/ |archive-date=14 December 2021 |access-date=19 January 2022}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214010544/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33538338/|date=14 December 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Lung |url=https://gco.iarc.fr/today/data/factsheets/cancers/15-Lung-fact-sheet.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119005102/https://gco.iarc.fr/today/data/factsheets/cancers/15-Lung-fact-sheet.pdf |archive-date=19 January 2022 |access-date=20 January 2022 |website=gco.iarc.fr |publisher=World Health Organization}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119005102/https://gco.iarc.fr/today/data/factsheets/cancers/15-Lung-fact-sheet.pdf|date=19 January 2022}}</ref> Kino kifuula ekika kya kookolo ono okubeera ekisinga ebirala mu kutta abasajja ate ng'akwata kyakubiri mu kutta abakazi ng'oggyeeko [[Breast_cancer|kookolo w'amabeere]]. Wadde ng'okutwaliza awamu emiwendo gy'abalwala kookolo ono gikendedde, omuwendo mu bantu abatanywangako sigala naye ne balwala gwawukana okusinziira ku nsi ez'enjawulo, naye okutwalira awamu gubadde gweyongera, ng’abasajja 15–20 ku 100 tebanywa ssigala ate abakazi abasukka mu bitundu 50 ku 100 tebanywa ssigala.<ref name=":0" /> Emyaka gy'abasinga okuzuulwamu obulwadde buno baba eyo mu myaka 70.<ref>{{cite web |title=Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program |url=http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/lungb.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031945/http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/lungb.html |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=5 Mar 2016 |website=National Cancer Institute |df=dmy-all}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031945/http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/lungb.html|date=4 March 2016}}</ref> Mu nsi ezisinga obungi okuwangaala okw'ebbanga ly'emyaka etaanokuli ku bitundu 10 ku 20 ku 100,<ref name="Sung2021" /> ate mu Japan guli ku bitundu 33 ku 100, mu Yisirayiri ebitundu 27 ku 100, ate mu Republic of Korea ku bitundu 25 ku 100.<ref name="Sung2021" /> Okufa kw'abazuulwamu kookolo ono kungi nnyo mu nzi ekikyakula.<ref name="Maj2009">{{Cite book|last=Majumder|first=Sadhan|title=Stem cells and cancer|year=2009|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-0-387-89611-3|page=193|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HaErOupWnO0C&pg=PA193|edition=Online-Ausg.|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018040051/https://books.google.com/books?id=HaErOupWnO0C&pg=PA193|archive-date=18 October 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ekiwandiiko ekyasooka okufulumizibwa ku kookolo ono kyafulumizibwa Isaac Adler mu 1912, ekyalaga nti obubonero obumwoleka bwonna bwali tebuvuddeeyo bulungi.<ref name="Kloeck2021.1">{{Cite book|last=Kloecker|first=Goetz|editor-last=Kloecker|editor-first=Goetz|editor-last2=Fraig|editor-first2=Mostafa|editor-last3=Arnold|editor-first3=Susanne M.|editor-last4=Perez|editor-first4=Cesar A.|title=Lung Cancer: Standards of Care|date=7 December 2021|publisher=McGraw-Hill Education|location=New York|isbn=978-1-260-13620-3|pages=3-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ugJTzQEACAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en|language=en|chapter=1. History of lung cancer|access-date=27 January 2022|archive-date=28 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128162659/https://books.google.com/books?id=ugJTzQEACAAJ&newbks=0&hl=en|url-status=live}}</ref> == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == <references /> [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] mpuxztd5d5yb1x8prgmjdvw71lnapmi 0 12932 66848 47256 2026-08-05T19:27:29Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66848 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kattikiro_Apollo_Kaggwa.png|right|thumb|Kattikiro Apollo Kaggwa]] '''Katikkiro''' kye kitiibwa ekitongole eky'akulira Olukiiko lwa Buganda olukulu mu [[:en:Kingdom_of_Buganda|Bwakabaka bwa Buganda]] wansi wa [[:en:Kabaka_of_Buganda|Kabaka]] . <ref name="buganda-history">{{cite web |title=The History of the Katikkiro-ship and the Butikkiro |url=https://buganda.or.ug/history-butikkiro/ |access-date=2025-07-09 |publisher=Buganda Kingdom}}</ref> Ekifo kino ky'enkana ne [[:en:Prime_Minister|Ssaabaminisita]] mu nkola za Gavumenti endala, wadde nga Katikkiro takwata ofiisi ng’ayita mu kalulu wabula alondebwa Kabaka. Ofiisi eno ekiikirira obwa ssaabaminisita obusinga obukadde mu buvanjuba bwa Afrika, obusimbye emirandira ennyo mu nsengeka y’empisa n’enfuga y'[[:en:Baganda_people|Abaganda]] . <ref name="buganda-history" /> Buganda bwakabaka bwa nnono mu Uganda ey’omulembe guno obusangibwa mu masekkati g'amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba. Katikkiro aliko kati ye Mwami [[:en:Charles_Peter_Mayiga|Charles Peter Mayiga]] nga y'eddira [[commons:File:MUTIMA_CLAN_Totem.jpg|Mutima]] era yalondebwa [[:en:Kabaka_of_Buganda|kabaka wa Buganda]] aliko kati, [[:en:Muwenda_Mutebi_II_of_Buganda|Muwenda Mutebi II]] mu Gwokutaano 2013, n’adda mu bigere bya Yinginiya [[:en:John_Baptist_Walusimbi|John Baptist Walusimbi]] . <ref>{{cite web |last=Lule |first=Jeff Andrew |date=22 May 2013 |title=Katikiro Mayiga Chairs His First Cabinet Meeting |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/643006-katikiro-mayiga-chairs-his-first-cabinet-meeting.html |accessdate=25 August 2015 |newspaper=[[New Vision]] |location=Kampala}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Buganda Kingdom:: |url=https://www.buganda.or.ug/katikkiro |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=www.buganda.or.ug}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ekitiibwa kino kikadde ng’Obwakabaka bwe nnyini. Katikkiro eyasooka okumanyibwa yali Walusimbi ow’Ekika ky’e Ffumbe, eyali ku mulembe gwa [[:en:Chwa_I_of_Buganda|Chwa I Nabakka]], Kabaka wa Buganda owookubiri, eyafuga wakati w’ekyasa eky’ekkumi n’ennya. Walusimbi yagenda mu maaso n’okufuga oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Chwa I. Yasikirwa Ssebwaana Ekitiibwa kino (Ssebwaana) kiyitibwa omutaka akuuma essaza Busiro mu Buganda. Ekisanja kyakoma mu 1374, [[:en:Kimera_of_Buganda|Kabaka Kimera I]] lwe yatuula ku Nnamulondo 1374. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wrigley |first=C.C |year=1974 |title=The Kinglist of Buganda |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/history-in-africa/article/abs/kinglists-of-buganda/C5DB8686178333061DEBB63261662029 |journal=History in Africa |volume=1 |pages=129–139 |doi=10.2307/3171765 |jstor=3171765 |s2cid=153810771 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 March 2008 |title=The Untold Story of the Buganda Kingdom |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=88099586 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=NPR.org |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title="The Role of African Traditional Leaders in Contemporary Africa" |url=https://international.ucla.edu/africa/event/11306 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=international.ucla.edu}}</ref> Mu byafaayo, Katikkiro yalondebwanga mu bakulu b’ebika (Abataka) oba abaami era ng'amanyiddwa nnyo olw’amagezi, obwesigwa, n’okulowooza okw’obukodyo. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, ofiisi eno yakulaakulana n’efuuka akulira abakozi ba Gavumenti mu Bwakabaka, ng’avunaanyizibwa ku kutambuza Obwakabaka buli lunaku nga Kabaka ali mu lutalo, okuteesa n'emirimu egy’omwoyo. Mu kiseera ky'abafuzi b’amatwale, Katikkiro yakuuma obuyinza era ng’akiikirira Buganda by’eyagala mu nkolagana n’enfuga y’amatwale ga Bungereza. <ref name="parliament-history">{{Cite web |title=History of Parliament |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/page/history-parliament |access-date=2025-07-09 |publisher=Parliament of Uganda}}{{cite web |title=History of Parliament |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/page/history-parliament |access-date=2025-07-09 |publisher=Parliament of Uganda}}</ref> Ekifo kino kyogerwako ng'ekikiikirira "obwassaabaminisita obusinga obukadde obutasalako mu buvanjuba bwa Afrika," nga Katikkiro akola ng'omukulembeze w'ebyobufuzi era omukuumi w'ebyobuwangwa. <ref name="eastafrican-analysis">{{cite web |date=2020-07-06 |title=What future for Buganda? |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/what-future-for-buganda--1305054 |access-date=2025-07-09 |publisher=The East African}}</ref> == Obuyinza n’obuvunaanyizibwa == Bulijjo Katikkiro abadde n’obuyinza bungi nnyo mu nsengeka ya Gavumenti y’Obwakabaka. Obuyinza bwa Katikkiro bulagibwa omuggo gwa Ddamula, Kabaka gw’amuwa ng’akabonero k'akozesa okulamula oba (okufuga) mu bwakabaka ku lulwe. <ref name="buganda-official">{{Cite web |title=Official Website |url=https://buganda.or.ug/ |access-date=2025-07-09 |publisher=Buganda Kingdom}}</ref> Obuvunaanyizibwa bwa Katikkiro obukulu mulimu okukubiriza Lukiiko (Paalamenti) n’okulabirira okusalawo kwa Kabineti, okutuukiriza ebiragiro by’obwakabaka ne pulogulaamu z’eggwanga, n’okulabirira Abaami b’amasaza (Abamasaza). Emirimu emirala gizingiramu okukuuma eby'omuwendo by’obwakabaka n’eby’obugagga, okukunga ebika olw’ensonga z’obuwangwa n’eggwanga, n’okukiikirira Kabaka mu mikolo emikulu n’emirimu gy’eggwanga. Katikkiro akola nga ffeesi ya gavumenti ya Buganda ey’olukale era nga ye muwi w'amagezi ow'enjawulo mu kaweefube w’okukulaakulanya n’okuzzaawo Obwakabaka. == Okulonda Katikkiro == Okulonda Katikkiro wa Buganda buvunaanyizibwa bwa Kabaka omukulembeze ow'okuntikko. Amukwasizza ' [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luggo_Cultural_Forest&wvprov=sticky-header Ddamula] ' (omuggo gw'obwakabaka) ogufunibwa okuva mu ssaza ly'e Ssese mu Disitulikiti y'e [[:en:Kalangala_District|Kalangala]] mu kibira ekiyitibwa [[:en:Luggo_Cultural_Forest|Luggo cultural Forest]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-27 |title=Luggo forest on verge of extinction |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/luggo-forest-on-verge-of-extinction-4317426 |access-date=2024-07-11 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lwa Kabaka okukwasa Ddamula eri Katikkiro (omulonde) ebiseera ebisinga ku wankaaki (omulyango gwa Bulange) Ekizimbe ekikulu ekiddukanyizibwamu emirimu gy'Obwakabaka, Katikkiro yeeyama okubeera omwesigwa eri Kabaka era n’asuubiza okutuukiriza emirimu Kabaka gy’amukwasizza. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Katikkiro Mayiga gets instruments of power |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined |access-date=2023-10-30 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Katikkiro oluvannyuma alina okukakasa nti akwata Ddamula ng'akabonero k’obuyinza ng’ayambibwako baava nabo mu kika okutuusa lw’atuuka ku ‘Butikkiro’ (Ekifo ekitongole Katikkiro wa Buganda w'awangaalira). Singa Katikkiro agyibwako Ddamula nga tannatuuka ku Butikkiro afiirwa ekifo kye eri omuntu oyo aba agimuggyeko afuuka Katikkiro mbagirawo wabula bw’atuuka e Butikkiro ne Ddamula eno, kinyweza okulondebwa kwe era oluvannyuma wabaawo ebikujjuko ebizingiramu n'okutegekera abagenyi be ekijjulo eky’enjawulo eky’obuwangwa. <ref name=":0" /> == Butikkiro == [[:en:Butikkiro|Butikkiro]] ge maka ga Katikkiro wa Buganda amatongole. Kisangibwa okumpi ne [[:en:Bulange|Bulange]] kuba kirungi nnyo Katikkiro ye muntu asooka okubuuzibwa ku mbeera ya Kabaka era nga kisuza n’abagenyi ba Kabaka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=History&Butikkiro – Buganda Kingdom |url=https://buganda.or.ug/historybutikkiro/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525123551/https://buganda.or.ug/historybutikkiro/ |archive-date=25 May 2024 |access-date=2024-05-25 |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu nnono, yazimbibwa nga bakozesa akasolya mu bintu by’obutonde, nga esangibwa okumpi n’olubiri lw’Obwakabaka okulaga enkolagana wakati wa Kabaka ne Katikkiro we. Mu byafaayo, buli Katikkiro eyaalondebwanga yali yeetaagibwa okuzimba Butikkiro empya ng’akabonero akalaga obusobozi bwe okukulembera n’okukunga abantu. Enkola eno yalimu okukungaanya ennyo obuwagizi bw’ebika era ng’emirundi mingi yali okugezesa okusooka mu lujjudde okw’obukulembeze bwa Katikkiro n’obuganzi bwe. == Ba Katikkiro abamanyiddwa == Mu byafaayo, ba Katikkiro abawerako balese obubonero obw’amaanyi ku nkulaakulana ya Buganda n’enfuga yaayo. Katikkiro Walusimbi yali Katikkiro eyasooka eyamanyika olw’amagezi ge yalina ku mulembe gwa Kabaka Ssemakookiro. [[:en:Apollo_Kaggwa|Apollo Kaggwa]] yaweereza nga omukulembeze w'ennongoosereza era munnabyafaayo eyalondebwa Ssekabaka Mwanga II okubeera ssaabaminisita mu 1890 era n'aweereza okutuusa mu 1926, era n'aweereza ng'Omulangira ow'enjawulo okuva mu 1897 okutuuka mu 1914. <ref name="apollo-wiki">{{cite web |title=Apollo Kaggwa |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_Kaggwa |access-date=2025-07-09 |publisher=Wikipedia}}</ref> Kaggwa yasiimibwa nga "Omukugu mu by'amawanga asoose mu Buganda" era n'awandiika ebitabo by'ebyafaayo ebiwerako omuli "Basekabaka." be'Buganda." <ref name="apollo-wiki" /> Martin Luther Nsibirwa yaweerezaako emirundi ebiri nga Katikkiro (1929-1941 ne Ogwomusanvu-Ogwomwenda 1945) era yatemulwa nga 15, Ogwomwenda 1945, mu Lutikko e Namirembe. <ref name="nsibirwa-assassination">{{cite web |title=Slain Katikkiro family speaks out |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1215983/slain-katikkiro-family-speaks |access-date=2025-07-09 |publisher=New Vision}}</ref> Okuttibwa kwe kwasinga kuva ku buwagizi bwe obwalimu enkaayana ku kugaba ettaka okugaziya Makerere College okufuuka Ssettendekero, wamu n'okuwagira okuddamu okufumbirwa kwa maama Nnaabagereka ekikontana n'empisa z'ennono. <ref name="nsibirwa-assassination" /> Nsibirwa yali musajja eyeeyigiriza nga teyasoma mu masomero matongole wabula yasituka ne yeerandiza ng'ayambibwako n'okubuulirirwa Sir Apollo Kaggwa. <ref name="nsibirwa-memorial">{{cite web |date=2023-11-15 |title=Makubuya hails progressive legacy of former katikkiro Martin L. Nsibirwa |url=https://observer.ug/news/makubuya-hails-progressive-legacy-of-former-katikkiro-martin-l-nsibirwa/ |access-date=2025-07-09 |publisher=The Observer}}</ref> [[:en:Jehoash_Mayanja_Nkangi|Joash Mayanja Nkangi]] yaweereza nga obwakabaka tebunnaggyawo n’oluvannyuma lw’okubuggyawo, n’oluvannyuma mu kiseera Obwakabaka bwe bwazzibwaawo. Katikkiro aliko kati, [[:en:Charles_Peter_Mayiga|Charles Peter Mayiga]], amanyiddwa nnyo olw'obukulembeze bwe, obuyiiya, n'okukulaakulanya "Ettofaali" okuva lwe yalondebwa mu Gwokutaano gwa 2013. <ref name="mayiga-appointment">{{cite web |date=2021-04-15 |title=9 interesting facts you didn't know about Buganda Katikkiro Charles Peter Mayiga |url=https://www.watchdoguganda.com/news/20210415/112107/9-interesting-facts-you-didnt-know-about-buganda-katikkiro-charles-peter-mayiga.html |access-date=2025-07-09 |publisher=Watchdog Uganda}}</ref> == Olukalala lwa ba Katikkiro == * [ne Tebandeke] Mujambula * [ne Ndawula] Nsobya * [ne Kagulu] Ntambi * [ne Kikulwe] Mawuuba * [ne Kikulwe] Nakiyenje * [ne Kikulwe] Nakikofu * Mu mwaka gwa 1740? - 1741 Ssebanakitta * 1741 - 1750 Kagali * 1750 - 17.. Kabinuli * 17.. - 1780 Lugoloobi * 1780 - 17.. Ssendegeya * 17.. - 17.. Mayembe * 17.. - 1797 Kagenda * 1797 - .... Nabbunga * .... - .... Ssekayiba * .... - .... Nabembezi * 1814 mu mwaka gwa 1814? Kadduwamala * 18.. - 18.. Katimpa * 18.. - 18.. Kafumbirwango * 18.. - 18.. Kimoga * 18.. - 1832 Ssebuko * 1832 - 18.. Migeekyamye * Kayiira (1856?) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-01 |title=How a Muslim helped start Catholic Church in Uganda |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/how-a-muslim-helped-start-catholic-church-in-uganda-1808622 |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> * Kisomose (18.. - 18..) Omuntu w'abantu. * Mayanja (18.. - 18..) Obubaka bwa Kabaka eri abavubuka. * Mulere (18.. - 18..) Obubaka bwa Buganda. * Mukasa (1884? - 1888) * Nnyonyintono (1888) Omuwandiisi w’ebitabo. * Muguluma (1888 - 1889) * [[:en:Apollo_Kaggwa|Apollo Kaggwa]] (1889 - 1926) * Kisosonkole (Omwezi ogwokubiri 1927 - 1929) * Martin Luther Nsibirwa (1929-1941) * Samuel Wamala (1941-1945) * Martin Luther Nsibirwa (1945) * [[:en:Michael_Kawalya_Kagwa|Michael Kawalya Kagwa]] (1945-1950) * [[:en:Paulo_Kavuma|Paulo Kavuma]] (1950 okutuuka ku 1955) * [[:en:Michael_Kintu|Mikayiri Kintu]] (1955-1964) * [[:en:Joash_Mayanja_Nkangi|Joash Mayanja Nkangi]] (1964 okutuuka ku 1993) * Joseph Mulwanyammuli Ssemwogerere (1994-2005). * Dan Muliika (2005-2007) * Emmanuel Ndawula (2007-2008) * [[:en:John_Baptist_Walusimbi|John Baptist Walusimbi]] (2008-2013) * [[:en:Charles_Mayiga|Charles Mayiga]] (2013–kati) <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 April 2021 |title=The Katikkiro I know is committed to Buganda |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/oped/letters/the-katikkiro-i-know-is-committed-to-buganda--3372272 |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref> === Olukalala lwa ba Katikiro === Olukalala lwa ba Katikiro nga bwe lwaggiddwa mu kitabo kya Sir Apollo Kaggwa ekya ''Basekabaka be'Buganda'' . <ref>Kaggwa, Sir Apollo K, Basekabaka be’Buganda [translated by MM Semakula Kiwanuka]. Nairobi: East African Publishing House, 1971.</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! width="150" |Katikiro ! width="150" |Ekika mw'ava ! width="150" |Omulembe gw'aweererezzaako |- |Kisolo |Ŋonge |[[:en:Kato_Kintu|Kato Kintu]] |- |Kakulukuku |Lugave |[[:en:Kato_Kintu|Kato Kintu]] |- |Walusimbi |Ffumbe |[[:en:Chwa_I_of_Buganda|Chwa I Nabakka]] ne[[:en:Kimera_of_Buganda|Kimera]] |- |Bakitenda |Ffumbe |Kimera |- |Kiridde |(Yam) |[[:en:Ttembo_of_Buganda|Ttembo]] |- |Kasongovu |Mmamba |[[:en:Kiggala_of_Buganda|Kiggala Mukaabya]] |- |Ssendikaddiwa |Nsenene |[[:en:Kayima_of_Buganda|Kayima]] |- |Walugali |Lugave |Kayima |- |Kigali |Nvuma |[[:en:Nakibinge_of_Buganda|Nakibinge]] |- |Kalumba |Ffumbe |Nnakibinge |- |Sekaggya |Nvuma |[[:en:Mulondo_of_Buganda|Mulondo]] |- |Kisolo |Nsenene |[[:en:Suuna_I_of_Buganda|Suuna I]] ne [[:en:Sekamaanya_of_Buganda|Sekamaanya]] |- |Kamegere |Ffumbe |[[:en:Kimbugwe_of_Buganda|Kimbugwe]] ne Kateregga |- |Mwesezi |Ffumbe |[[:en:Mutebi_I_of_Buganda|Mutebi I]] |- |Wannanda |Butiko |[[:en:Juuko_of_Buganda|Juuko]] |- |Mulwana |Ŋonge |Jjuuko |- |Kisiki |Butiko |[[:en:Kayemba_of_Buganda|Kayemba]] |- |Lugwanye |Civet Cat |Kayemba |- |Mayambala |Civet Cat |[[:en:Tebandeke_of_Buganda|Tebandeke]] |- |Nsobya |Civet Cat |[[:en:Ndawula_of_Buganda|Ndawula]] |- |Ntambi |Njovu |[[:en:Kagulu_of_Buganda|Kagulu]] |- |Mawuuba |Mmamba |[[:en:Kikulwe_of_Buganda|Kikulwe]] |- |Nnakiyenje |Butiko |Kikulwe |- |Sebanakitta |Mmamba |[[:en:Mawanda_of_Buganda|Mawanda]] & [[:en:Mwanga_I_of_Buganda|Mwanga I]] |- |Kagali |Nvuma |[[:en:Namuggala_of_Buganda|Namuggala]] |- |Kabinuli |Nvuma |[[:en:Kyabaggu_of_Buganda|Kyabaggu]] |- |Lugoloobi |Nvuma |Kyabaggu |- |Ssendegeya |Mmamba |[[:en:Jjunju_of_Buganda|Jjunju]] |- |Mayembe |Mmamba (Lung fish) |Jjunju |- |Kagenda |Mmamba (Lung fish) |Jjunju |- |Nabbunga |Ndiga (Sheep) |[[:en:Semakookiro_of_Buganda|Semakookiro]] |- |Ssekayiba-Nabembezi |Mbogo |Ssemakokiro |- |Kiyanzi |Mbogo |Ssemakokiro |- |Kadduwamala |Nvuma |Ssemakokiro & [[:en:Kamaanya_of_Buganda|Kamaanya]] |- |Katimpa |Nvuma |Kamaanya |- |Kafumbirwango |Lugave |Kamaanya |- |Kinogo |Lugave |Kamaanya |- |Sebuko |Mmamba |Kamaanya |- |Migekyamye |Ngabi |[[:en:Suuna_I_of_Buganda|Suuna II]] |- |Kityamuweesi Kayiira |Mbogo |Ssuuna II & [[:en:Muteesa_I_of_Buganda|Muteesa I]] |- |Kisomose |Mmamba |Muteesa I |- |Mayanja |Nkima |Muteesa I |- |Mulere |Njovu |Muteesa I |- |Mukasa Nsimbe |Musu |Muteesa I & [[:en:Mwanga_II_of_Buganda|Mwanga II]] |} Ba Katikiro okuva mu 1888 okutuuka mu mulembe guno {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! width="150" |Katikkiro ! width="150" | Ekiseera ky’okubeera ! width="150" | Obwakabaka Bw'aweerezzaako |- | Henry Nnyonyintono | 1888. Ensimbi zino | [[:en:Kiweewa_of_Buganda|Kiweewa Mutebi]] |- | Muguluma | 1888-1889 | [[:en:Kalema_of_Buganda|Kabaka Kalema]] |- | Apollo Kaggwa | 1889-1926 | [[:en:Mwanga_II_of_Buganda|Mwanga II]] ne [[:en:Daudi_Cwa_II_of_Buganda|Daudi Chwa]] |- | Stanislaus Mugwanya | 1889-1900 | Mwanga II |- | Tefero Ssekkakuuma Kisosonkole | 1927-1929 | Daudi Chwa II |- | Martin Luther Nsibirwa omusajja omulala | 1929-1941 ne 1945 | Daudi Chwa II & [[:en:Muteesa_II_of_Buganda|Sir Edward Muteesa II]] |- | Samuel Wamala | 1941-1945 | Muteesa II |- | Michael Kawalya Kagwa | 1945-1950 | Muteesa II |- | Paulo Kavuma | 1950-1955 | Muteesa II |- | Michael Kintu | 1955-1964 | Muteesa II |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |- |} == Omulimu ogw’omulembe == Mu Uganda ey’omulembe guno, Katikkiro akyagenda mu maaso n’okukola kinene mu kukuuma n’okukulaakulanya eby’obuwangwa mu Bwakabaka bwa Buganda. <ref name="observer-leadership">{{cite web |date=2025-07-07 |title=Buganda launches strategic plan to groom ethical, competent leaders |url=https://observer.ug/education/katikkiro-launches-strategic-plan-to-groom-ethical-competent-leaders/ |access-date=2025-07-09 |publisher=The Observer}}</ref> Katikkiro aliko kati ajjumbidde okutumbula eby'enjigiriza, enkulaakulana y’abavubuka, n’okutumbula eby'enfuna mu Bwakabaka bwonna. <ref name="youth-development">{{cite web |title=Katikkiro decries laziness among youth |url=https://bugandauk.com/en/news/buganda-news/katikkiro-decries-laziness-among-youth |access-date=2025-07-09 |publisher=Buganda UK}}</ref> Ofiisi eno era essira eritadde ku kuzza eby'obulimi ku mulembe, nga Katikkiro awagira enkola y’okulima eyesigamiziddwa ku bya ssaayansi n’okutalaaga ebitongole ebinoonyereza ku by’obulimi okutumbula obuyiiya. <ref name="agriculture-modernization">{{cite web |date=2024-02-09 |title=Mayiga asks farmers to embrace new scientific-based approaches |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/farming/mayiga-asks-farmers-to-embrace-new-scientific-based-approaches-4520176 |access-date=2025-07-09 |publisher=Daily Monitor}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[:en:Kabaka_of_Buganda|Kabaka wa Buganda]] * [[:en:Lukiiko|Lukiiko]] * [[:en:Bulange|Bulange]] * [[:en:Buganda|Buganda]] * [[:en:Kingdom_of_Buganda|Obwakabaka bwa Buganda]] * [[:en:Charles_Peter_Mayiga|Charles Peter Mayiga]] * [[:en:History_of_Buganda|Ebyafaayo bya Buganda]] * [[:en:Baganda_people|Abantu ba Baganda]] * [[:en:Kingdoms_of_Uganda|Obwakabaka bwa Uganda]] == Ebisingawo okusoma == * {{Cite book |last=Kaggwa |first=Apollo |year=1901 |title=Basekabaka be'Buganda |publisher=Uganda Bookshop |location=Kampala}} * {{Cite book |last=Mukasa |first=Hamu |year=1904 |title=Uganda's Katikkiro in England |url=https://archive.org/details/ugandaskatikiro00millgoog |publisher=Hutchinson |location=London}} * {{Cite journal |last=Makubuya |first=Apollo |year=2023 |title=Situating the role and relevance of cultural institutions in modern Uganda |journal=Martin Luther Nsibirwa Memorial Lecture |location=Kampala |publisher=Makerere University}} * {{Cite journal |last=Sjögren |first=Anders |year=2020 |title=Engaging with elections: Ethno-regional mobilization, demands for federalism, and electoral politics in central Uganda |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13597566.2020.1813722 |journal=Democratization |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=577–596 |doi=10.1080/13597566.2020.1813722}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://buganda.or.ug/ Omukutu omutongole ogw'Obwakabaka bwa Buganda] * [https://www.parliament.go.ug/ Palamenti ya Uganda] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Buganda]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] nv4bflcp591oi2fxpun91wuqbakvx5j 0 12996 66811 47589 2026-08-05T18:53:30Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66811 wikitext text/x-wiki '''A. G. Mehta''' (yazaalibwa nga 1 ogwokubiri 1927 – 10 ogwokusatu 1969) yali mubaka wa paalamenti mu Yuganda, munnamateeka omubanja era mutabani omukulu owa munnamakolero omututumufu mu Buyindi.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Nair |first=Savita |date=2018 |title=Despite dislocations: Uganda's Indians remaking home |journal=Africa |language=en |volume=88 |issue=3 |pages=492–517 |doi=10.1017/S0001972018000190 |issn=0001-9720 |s2cid=149923975 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Ow'ekitiibwa A. G. Mehta yalondebwa nga meeya [[Abayindi mu Uganda|wa Asia-Buyindi]] eyasooka mu kibuga ekikulu ekya [[Kampala]] mu 1968 era yali wakulusegerenyo ne ssaabaminisita wa Uganda eyasooka [[Milton Obote]]; gwe yalwanirira wamu okulwanirira obwetwaze bw'eggwanga lino mu [[Ugandan Constitutional Conference|lukungaana lwa Ssemateeka wa Uganda]] mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite book |year=1961 |title=Uganda Constitutional Conference, London, September-October 1961: basic papers on the Uganda courts |url=https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C14088370 |publisher=Records of the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and predecessors |location=The National Archives |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Meet Kampala's Mayors since Independence |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1462902 |access-date= |website=New Vision |language=en}} </ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=National Assembly |first=Uganda |year=1968 |title=Official Report |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xjZVAAAAYAAJ&q=AG+Mehta |publisher=Uganda Govt. Printer |location=Entebee |language=en}}</ref> Aweebwa ekitiibwa olw'okuwandiika ebintu ku ekyo ekyandifuuse Ssemateeka wa Uganda eyasooka.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=October 2016 |title=Uganda Constitutional Conference, 1961 |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1437232 |access-date= |website=New Vision |language=en}} </ref>[[File:The_Honourable_A.G._Mehta_and_wife_Savita_Radia.png|thumb|Mehta ne mukyala we Savita Radia (ku kkono) mu lukiiko lw’ekibuga [[Kampala|Kampala, Uganda]], 1968]] == Okusoma == A. G. Mehta yasomesebwa nga munnamateeka omubanja mu [[:en:Queen_Mary_University_of_London|Queen Mary University of London]], School of Law, mu [[:en:Queen_Mary_University_of_London|bugwanjuba wa London]], era mu mateeka yakkirizibwa okukola eby’amateeka mu Bungereza, Uganda ne Kenya.<ref>{{Cite book |date=1968-02-09 |title=Kenya Gazette |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LqtZRmvRqm4C&dq=AG+Mehta+kampala+1968&pg=PA139 |language=en}} </ref><ref>{{Cite book |date=1967-02-17 |title=Kenya Gazette |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EwFA6tKG1ewC&dq=AG+Mehta+kampala&pg=PA170 |language=en}} </ref><ref>{{Cite book |date=1969-02-07 |title=Kenya Gazette |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RNuP_1Z3JQYC&dq=AG+Mehta+kampala&pg=PA104 |language=en}} </ref> == Olugendo lwe olw’ebyobufuzi == === Omubaka wa Paalamenti === Ng’omubaka wa palaamenti, A. G. Mehta yeetaba mu [[Ugandan Constitutional Conference|lukungaana lwa Ssemateeka wa Uganda]] mu [[:en:Queen_Mary_University_of_London|Lancaster House]] mu 1961 ng’omu ku kibinja kya [[Uganda People's Congress|Uganda Peoples’ Congress]] (UPC) ng’ali wamu ne [[Milton Obote]].<ref>{{Cite book |date=1961 |title=Uganda: report of the Uganda Constitutional Conference, 1961 and text of the agreed draft of a new Buganda agreement initialled in London on 9th October, 1961 |url=http://www.llmcdigital.org/default.aspx?redir=98349 |publisher=H.M.S.O |editor-last=Great Britain |series=Cmnd |location=London}} </ref> Olukungaana luno era lwetabwaamu Gavana wa Uganda mu kiseera ekyo, [[:en:Queen_Mary_University_of_London|Sir Frederick Crawford]], n’omuwandiisi w’ensonga z’amawanga agali mu matwale, [[:en:Queen_Mary_University_of_London|Iain Macleod]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukholi |first=David |date=1995 |title=A complete guide to Uganda's Fourth Constitution : history, politics, and the law |publisher=Fountain Publishers |isbn=9970-02-084-6 |location=Kampala, Uganda |oclc=34471548}} </ref> Ebiteeso ebyakolebwa Mehta n'abalala abaali mu lukungaana byavaamu [[:en:Queen_Mary_University_of_London|Ssemateeka wa Uganda]] eyasooka, eyatandika okukola nga 9 omwezi gwe kuumi 1962.<ref name=":2" /> === Meeya wa Kampala === A. G. Mehta yalondebwa nga meeya Omuyindi eyasooka mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda, Kampala, mu 1968.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Government |first=Kampala |date=2019 |title=Statistical Abstract for Kampala City |url=https://www.kcca.go.ug/media/docs/Statistical-Abstract-2019.pdf |journal=Kampala Capital City Authority |pages=16}} </ref> Ng’ebuula wiiki emu affe mu 1969, Mehta yaggulawo omwoleso ogwasooka ku [[:en:Queen_Mary_University_of_London|Nzikiriza ya Baháʼí]] mu [[Uganda National Cultural Centre|National Theatre of Uganda]], okwogera kwe okwaggulawo, kwetabwamu ebikonge by’ebuvanjuba bwa Afrika bingi, n’awagira nnyo obummu mu abantu.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bahai News |date=August 1969 |title=Mayor of Kampala Speaks at First Bahai Exhibit |url=https://file.bahai.media/archive/4/49/20180901025325%21Baha%27i_News_461.pdf |journal=Bahai News Published by the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahai's of the United States |issue=461 |pages=17 |via=Bahai Media Archive}} </ref> == Amaka == A. G. Mehta yazaalibwa nga yemutabani omukulu owa famire ya Mehta, emu ku maka g’Abayindi agasinga okuwangaala mu Kampala era agasinga okumanyika nga yasibuka mu [[:en:Queen_Mary_University_of_London|Porbandar, Gujarat, India]].<ref name=":3" /> Famire ya Mehta yali emu ku baggaga abwasooka mu [[:en:Queen_Mary_University_of_London|buvanjuba bwa Afrika]] nga balina bizinensi nnyingi omuli ez'ebyobulimi nga okukola [[:en:Queen_Mary_University_of_London|ppamba]] ne [[:en:Queen_Mary_University_of_London|kaawa]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gregory |first=Robert G. |title=India and East Africa a history of race relations within the British Empire 1890-1939 |publisher=Clarendon Press |oclc=1248076126}} </ref> Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe mu 1969, nnamwandu wa Mehta, Savita Mehta (eyazaalibwa Radia) n’abaana bataano abaali basigaddewo —Avi Mehta, Asha Mehta (oluvannyuma [[:en:Queen_Mary_University_of_London|Madhvani]] ), Asita Mehta, Alka Mehta, ne Aditi Mehta (oluvannyuma Rajani) — baagobwa mu Uganda eyali munne, [[Idi Amin]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Archives |first=The National |title=Expulsion of Ugandan Asians |url=https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/ugandan-asians/ |access-date= |website=The National Archives |language=en-GB}} </ref> Muzzukulu wa Mehta ye Maya Asha McDonald, munnabyafaayo w’ebyemikono era munnamawulire Omuzungu okuvva eCanada amanyiddwa ennyo olw’ekitabo kye ekyafulumizibwa mu 2022 ku Pulezidenti wa Russia [[Vladimir Putin]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=McDonald |first=Maya Asha |date=2022-03-10 |title=Three Years Ago, I Had Dinner With Vladimir Putin. What He Told Me Makes Me Fearful for Ukraine's Cultural Heritage |url=https://news.artnet.com/opinion/putin-meeting-ukraine-war-2082708 |access-date= |website=Artnet News |language=en-US}} </ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-17 |title=My dinner with Putin: What a Canadian learned from her strange encounter with Russia's president |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/world/my-dinner-with-vladimir-putin |access-date= |website=Ottawa Citizen |language=en-CA}} </ref> == Ebitabo n’ebitongole == Omulimu A. G. Mehta gwe yakola mu kuteekawo Ssemateeka wa Uganda eyasooka mu 1962 guwandiikiddwa mu kitabo kya Ali AlʼAmin Mazrui ekyafulumizibwa mu 1978 ekya ''Political Values and the Educated Class in Africa'' ekyafulumizibwa [[:en:Queen_Mary_University_of_London|University of California Press]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Mazrui |first=Ali A. |date=1 Oct 1978 |title=Political Values and the Educated Class in Africa |url=https://archive.org/details/politicalvaluese0000mazr |publisher=University of California Press |pages=[https://archive.org/details/politicalvaluese0000mazr/page/347 347] |language=English}} </ref> Ebifaananyi by’emirimu gya Mehta egy’ebyobufuzi osobola okubisanga mu [[:en:Queen_Mary_University_of_London|tterekero ly’ebitabo erya Bungereza]] era nga byateekebwa mu digito ekitongole kya Endangered Archives Programme.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1964 |title=Photo 24, EAP656/3/1/2 |url=https://eap.bl.uk/item/EAP656-3-1-2-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113045318/https://eap.bl.uk/item/EAP656-3-1-2-24 |archive-date=2022-01-13 |access-date= |website=British Library, Endangered Archives Programme |language=en}} </ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == dnlrp6xljzumften6yandd4rav8hvqe 0 13037 66816 48642 2026-08-05T18:57:34Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66816 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Sezibwa|name_native=|name_native_lang=|name_other=|name_etymology="Sizibwa" ([[Luganda]]):..''my path cannot be blocked''.. <!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP -->|image=Ssezibwa Falls.jpg|image_size=|image_caption=|map=|map_size=250|map_caption=The rivers of northern Uganda with the Sezibwa River (bottom center)|pushpin_map=|pushpin_map_size=|pushpin_map_caption=<!---------------------- LOCATION -->|subdivision_type1=Country|subdivision_name1=[[Uganda]]|subdivision_type2=|subdivision_name2=|subdivision_type3=|subdivision_name3=|subdivision_type4=|subdivision_name4=|subdivision_type5=Cities|subdivision_name5=[[Ngogwe]], [[Kayunga]], [[Galiraya]] <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS -->|length_km=150|width_min=|width_avg=|width_max=|depth_min=|depth_avg=|depth_max=|discharge1_location=|discharge1_min=|discharge1_avg=|discharge1_max=<!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES -->|source1=[[Ngogwe]], [[Buikwe District]]|source1_location=[[Uganda]]|source1_coordinates={{coord|00|16|12|N|33|00|18|E|display=inline}}|source1_elevation={{convert|1200|m|abbr=on}}|mouth=|mouth_location=[[Lake Kyoga]], [[Kayunga District]], [[Uganda]]|mouth_coordinates={{coord|01|24|00|N|32|44|06|E|display=inline,title}}|mouth_elevation={{convert|1140|m|abbr=on}}|progression=|river_system=|basin_size=|tributaries_left=|tributaries_right=|custom_label=|custom_data=|extra=}}'''Omugga Sezibwa''' mugga mu [[:en:Central_Region,_Uganda|masekkati ga Uganda]], mu [[:en:East_Africa|buvanjuba bwa Afrika]] . Erinnya lino liva mu kigambo [[Luganda|ky'Oluganda]] "sizibirwa kkubo",ekivvuunulwa nti "ekkubo lyange teriyinza kuzibikira". == Ekifo == Omugga Sezibwa gusangibwa mu bukiikaddyo bw'amasekkati ga [[Yuganda]]. Kitandikira ku ntobazzi wakati [[Nnalubaale|w’ennyanja Victoria]] [[:en:Lake_Kyoga|n’ennyanja Kyoga,]]<nowiki/>mu maserengeta nga [[:en:Victoria_Nile|Victoria Nile]] ne kikulukuta mu ludda olw’obukiikakkono obw’awamu okutuuka mu nnyanja Kyoga. Ensibuko y’omugga Sezibwa esangibwa mu [[Buikwe (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Buikwe]],okuumpi n’ekibuga [[Ngogwe]],nga emiyungo gy'entabaganye:olulayini lwenkulungoggazi :0.2700; Obuwanvu:33.0050. Sezibwa eyingira mu nnyanja Kyoga mu [[Kayunga (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Kayunga]],okuumpi n’ekibuga [[Galilaya]], nga ekwatagana: olulayini lwenkulugoggazi:1.3700; Obuwanvu:32.8150. Obuwanvu [[:en:River_Sezibwa|bw’omugga Sezibwa]] buli nga 150 kilomita (93 mi) okuva ku nsibuko okutuuka ku kamwa.<ref>[http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Ngogwe%20(Mukono)&toplace=Galiraya%20(Nakasongola)&fromlat=0.2391667&tolat=1.3130556&fromlng=32.9708333&tolng=32.8675 Approximate Distance between Ngogwe and Galilaya with Map] </ref> Wakati w’ensibuko yaayo mu Disitulikiti y’e Buikwe, naye nga tennayingira mu Disitulikiti y’e Kayunga, omugga gukulukutila mu [[Mukono (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Mukono]] . Okusinziira ku lugero, [[:en:River|Omugga]] Ssezibwa si gwa butonde, wabula ezzadde ly’omukazi ow’olubuto ayitibwa Nakangu,eyawangaala ebikumi n’ebikumi by’emyaka egiyise era nga wa kkika kya Kibe (kibe). yali asuubirwa okuzaala abalongo,naye mu kifo ky’ekyo byeyayiwa okuva mu lubuto lwe byali migga gya balongo. Emyoyo gy’abaana ba Nakangu abataali mu lubuto - Ssezibwa ne Mubeeya giteeberezebwa okuziyiza emigga egy’abalongo olw’ensonga eno edda kyabanga kya mpisa [[Baganda|Omuganda]] yenna ayita ku nsibuko y’omugga e Namukono, nga kiromita nga 20 ewala ebuvanjuba, okusuula omuddo oguwera oba amayinja mu mugga okufuna omukisa.Ne leero, ssaddaaka ey’okwebaza [[:en:Barkcloth|ey’olugoye lw’o lubugo]],bbiya n’enkoko ekolebwa ku nsibuko y’omugga buli mwaka, ng’ebiseera ebisinga ekulemberwa Ssalongo (taata w’abalongo).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Briggs |first=Philip |year=2020 |title=Uganda: The Bradt Travel Guide |url=https://archive.org/details/ugandabradttrave0009brig |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=9781784776428 |location=England |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ugandabradttrave0009brig/page/180 180] |language=English}} </ref> [[File:Ssezibwa_Falls1.jpg|thumb|Ebiwonvu by'a ssezibwa]] == Ebiwonvu bya Sezibwa == [[File:Sezibwa_falls.jpg|alt=River Sezibwa|thumb|Omugga Sezibwa]] Ebiwonvu bya Sezibwa biri milo 20 (32 km), ebuvanjuba bwa [[Kampala]],ekibuga ekikulu ekya [[Yuganda|Uganda]],ku mabbali g'oluguudo lwa [[Kampala–Jinja Highway|Kampala-Jinja Highway]].Ekifo kino kya [[Buganda]] Heritage Site.Kiwandiikiddwako enjazi eziriko enjuyi ensongovu eziwanvuwa n’eddoboozi ery’ekitalo ery’amazzi agakkakkanya nga gakulukuta wansi ku mayinja agawanvu agaliko ebikondo. Ebiyiriro bino bisangibwa mu [[Mukono (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Mukono]] . Okusinziira ku nfumo z’ennono, emigga gino ebiri egyatuumibwa Ssezibwa ne muganda waayo Bwanda, gyazaalibwa omukazi ng’agenda e Kavuma Bukunja. Omukazi ono,Nakangu Tebateesa, bba gwe yali ayitibwa Nsubuga Ssebwaato,yazaala abalongo mu ngeri y’amazzi,Sezibwa n’ekulukuta n’egenda mu maserengeta,n’eyita mu biziyiza bingi weyaggya erinnya lyayo,ate Bwanda n’ekulukuta ebuvanjuba, ng’ayolekera [[Nyenga, Uganda|Nyenga]] . Abantu bangi bajja mu kifo kino okukola ebyamagero nga bwe balowooza nti ekifo kino kirina amaanyi agasukkulumye ku ga bulijjo. Ebiwonvu bino biri 7mita (23 fuuti) obuwanvu. [[:en:Rock_climbing|Okulinnya amayinja]] [[:en:Bird_watching|n’okulaba ebinyonyi]] bye bisinga okukolebwa mu kifo kino.[[:en:Geologist|Abakugu mu by’ettaka]] ne [[:en:Scientist|bannassaayansi]] abalala nabo batera okugenda mu kifo kino.Ne'bisolo by'omu nsiko mu kibira ekikyetoolodde mulimu [[:en:Monkey|enkima z'omu nsiko]],[[:en:Red-tailed_monkey|enkima ez'emikira emimyufu]] n'ebisolo ebirala [[:en:Primates|ebiyitibwa primates]] [[:en:Bird|n'ebinyonyi]] .<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110723145504/http://www.huntingconcepts.net/stories/the-hidden-tresure-of-uganda-s-sezibwa-falls The Hidden Treasures of Sezibwa Falls] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723145504/http://www.huntingconcepts.net/stories/the-hidden-tresure-of-uganda-s-sezibwa-falls|date=2011-07-23}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Nnalubaale|Ennyanja Victoria]] * Ennyanja Kyoga * Victoria Nile * [[Kayunga]] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Buganda]] np40qwfixlkslsaety15jteet5wjp4z 0 13056 66825 48336 2026-08-05T19:03:58Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66825 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nnaabagereka''' kye kitiibwa ekitongole ekya [[:en:Queen_consort|mukyala wa Kabaka]] w'Obwakabaka bwa [[:en:Buganda|Buganda]], obwakabaka obw'ennono mu [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]]. Nnaabagereka aliko mu kiseera kino ye [[:en:Sylvia_Nagginda|Sylvia Nagginda]], nga ono yafumbirwa ''[[Kabaka wa Buganda|Kabaka]]'' [[:en:Muwenda_Mutebi_II_of_Buganda|Muwenda Mutebi II]] nga 27 ogw'omunaana 1999. <ref name="1R">{{cite web |author=Nicholas Wassajja |date=27 August 2019 |title=Thank you for wonderful work, Kabaka to Nnabagereka |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1506311/thank-wonderful-kabaka-nnabagereka |access-date=5 June 2020 |newspaper=[[New Vision]] |location=Kampala}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ekitiibwa kino sikyadda nnyo era kyatondebwawo mu kyasa eky’amakumi abiri. Emabegako, ennono ya Buganda yalina nnyina wa Kabaka yekka era nga ono ayitibwa , [[:en:Queen_mothers_(Africa)|''Nnamasole'']] mpozzi n'omu ku bannyina nga ono ayitibwa [[:en:Princess_royal#Other_uses|L''ubuga'']] nga banno baaberanga bakulu nnyo era nga baamaanyi. Nnamasole ne Lubuga buli omu yalina ebibangirizi byabwe mu Lubiri lw’Obwakabaka, era eddaala ly’obufuzi n’obuyinza buli omu bwe yalina nga byawukana okusinziira ku bufuzi bwa Kabaka aliko mu kiseera ekyo. Mu kiseera kino mukyala wa Kabaka omukulu yayitibwanga nga ''Kaddulubaale'', ekitiibwa kye kimu omukyala omukulu ky’alina mu maka gonna mu bwakabaka. <ref name="2R">{{cite book |author=John Roscoe |title=The Baganda |year=1965 |url=https://archive.org/details/baganda0000jros |publisher=Frank Cass |location=London}}</ref> Ssekabaka [[:en:Daudi_Cwa_II_of_Buganda|Daudi Chwa II]] nga ono yafugira wakati wa 1899 ne1939, ye kabaka eyasooka okubeera nga mukyala we, [[:en:Irene_Drusilla_Namaganda|Irene Nnamaganda]], atwalibwa okubeera kumwanjo ennyo mu bakyala bonna mu buganda. Ekitiibwa kya ''Nnabagereka'' nga mu kusooka lyali linnya ly’omwana omuwala okuva mu kika ky'obutiko kyalondebwa ng’erinnya ly’omukyala asinga obukulu mu Bwakabaka. <ref name="2R"/> == Ennaku zino == Nnabagereka aliwo kati nnakinku mu kulwanirira eddembe ly’obuntu, eddembe ly’abakyala n’eddembe ly’abaana naddala omwana omuwala. Nnabagereka aliko, kyakulabirako era yegombebwa mu Buganda, era nga yakazibwako erya "Maama wa Buganda". Gye buvuddeko abadde musaale nnyo mukulwanirira abasomesa ba gavumenti n’abakozi b’ebyobulamu okufuna embeera ennungi mwebakolera emirimu gyabwe. <ref name="3R">{{cite web |author=Conrad Ahabwe |date=15 April 2019 |title=Nabagereka Blasts Government For Neglecting Health Sector At Her Father's Funeral |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2019/04/nabagereka-blasts-govt-for-neglecting-health-sector-at-her-fathers-funeral.html |access-date=5 June 2020 |publisher=PML Daily |location=Kampala}}</ref> Ye Nnabagereka asoose mu byafaayo by’obwakabaka okutandikawo ofiisi enzijuvu. Mu mwaka gwa 2000, yatandikawo ekitongole kyeyatuuma Nnabagereka Development Foundation (NDF). Ekitongole kino [[:en:Non-government_organization|eky'abwanakyewa]] , nga omulimu gwakyo kwe kuzzaawo amaanyi ga Buganda ne Uganda okutwaliza awamu nga bayita mu kugatta abakozi b'omukitundu nab'awaka okukulaakulanya embeera z'abantu n'ebyenfuna". <ref name="4R">{{cite web |author=Buganda Kingdom |date=5 June 2020 |title=Nnabagereka Development Foundation (NDF) |url=https://www.buganda.or.ug/index.php/nnabagereka-foundation |access-date=5 June 2020 |publisher=Buganda Kingdom Official Website |location=Mengo, Kampala |archive-date=5 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605113412/https://www.buganda.or.ug/index.php/nnabagereka-foundation |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ekitongole era kikwataganye n’Obwakabaka bwa Alur okuyamba n’okuzzaawo obwakabaka obuliraanyewo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=A decade long journey of King Philip Olarker Rauni III – Kingdom Post |url=https://post.alurkingdom.com/a-decade-long-journey-of-king-philip-olarker-rauni-iii/ |access-date=2024-05-20 |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Buganda|Obwakabaka bwa Buganda]] * [[Kabaka wa Buganda]] * [[Sylvia Nagginda|Sylvia Najinda]] * [[Inhebantu wa Busoga|Inhebantu we Busoga]] {{Reflist}} [[Category:Buganda]] 90ajpvvzn6a54jqglamvg0qfgn1of5a 0 13057 66790 48337 2026-08-05T18:30:04Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66790 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nnaabagereka''' kye kitiibwa ekitongole ekya [[:en:Queen_consort|mukyala wa Kabaka]] w'Obwakabaka bwa [[:en:Buganda|Buganda]], obwakabaka obw'ennono mu [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]]. Nnaabagereka aliko mu kiseera kino ye [[:en:Sylvia_Nagginda|Sylvia Nagginda]], nga ono yafumbirwa ''[[Kabaka wa Buganda|Kabaka]]'' [[:en:Muwenda_Mutebi_II_of_Buganda|Muwenda Mutebi II]] nga 27 ogw'omunaana 1999. <ref name="1R">{{cite web |author=Nicholas Wassajja |date=27 August 2019 |title=Thank you for wonderful work, Kabaka to Nnabagereka |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1506311/thank-wonderful-kabaka-nnabagereka |access-date=5 June 2020 |newspaper=[[New Vision]] |location=Kampala}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Ekitiibwa kino sikyadda nnyo era kyatondebwawo mu kyasa eky’amakumi abiri. Emabegako, ennono ya Buganda yalina nnyina wa Kabaka yekka era nga ono ayitibwa , [[:en:Queen_mothers_(Africa)|''Nnamasole'']] mpozzi n'omu ku bannyina nga ono ayitibwa [[:en:Princess_royal#Other_uses|L''ubuga'']] nga banno baaberanga bakulu nnyo era nga baamaanyi. Nnamasole ne Lubuga buli omu yalina ebibangirizi byabwe mu Lubiri lw’Obwakabaka, era eddaala ly’obufuzi n’obuyinza buli omu bwe yalina nga byawukana okusinziira ku bufuzi bwa Kabaka aliko mu kiseera ekyo. Mu kiseera kino mukyala wa Kabaka omukulu yayitibwanga nga ''Kaddulubaale'', ekitiibwa kye kimu omukyala omukulu ky’alina mu maka gonna mu bwakabaka. <ref name="2R">{{cite book |author=John Roscoe |title=The Baganda |year=1965 |url=https://archive.org/details/baganda0000jros |publisher=Frank Cass |location=London}}</ref> Ssekabaka [[:en:Daudi_Cwa_II_of_Buganda|Daudi Chwa II]] nga ono yafugira wakati wa 1899 ne1939, ye kabaka eyasooka okubeera nga mukyala we, [[:en:Irene_Drusilla_Namaganda|Irene Nnamaganda]], atwalibwa okubeera kumwanjo ennyo mu bakyala bonna mu buganda. Ekitiibwa kya ''Nnabagereka'' nga mu kusooka lyali linnya ly’omwana omuwala okuva mu kika ky'obutiko kyalondebwa ng’erinnya ly’omukyala asinga obukulu mu Bwakabaka. <ref name="2R"/> == Ennaku zino == Nnabagereka aliwo kati nnakinku mu kulwanirira eddembe ly’obuntu, eddembe ly’abakyala n’eddembe ly’abaana naddala omwana omuwala. Nnabagereka aliko, kyakulabirako era yegombebwa mu Buganda, era nga yakazibwako erya "Maama wa Buganda". Gye buvuddeko abadde musaale nnyo mukulwanirira abasomesa ba gavumenti n’abakozi b’ebyobulamu okufuna embeera ennungi mwebakolera emirimu gyabwe. <ref name="3R">{{cite web |author=Conrad Ahabwe |date=15 April 2019 |title=Nabagereka Blasts Government For Neglecting Health Sector At Her Father's Funeral |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2019/04/nabagereka-blasts-govt-for-neglecting-health-sector-at-her-fathers-funeral.html |access-date=5 June 2020 |publisher=PML Daily |location=Kampala}}</ref> Ye Nnabagereka asoose mu byafaayo by’obwakabaka okutandikawo ofiisi enzijuvu. Mu mwaka gwa 2000, yatandikawo ekitongole kyeyatuuma Nnabagereka Development Foundation (NDF). Ekitongole kino [[:en:Non-government_organization|eky'abwanakyewa]] , nga omulimu gwakyo kwe kuzzaawo amaanyi ga Buganda ne Uganda okutwaliza awamu nga bayita mu kugatta abakozi b'omukitundu nab'awaka okukulaakulanya embeera z'abantu n'ebyenfuna". <ref name="4R">{{cite web |author=Buganda Kingdom |date=5 June 2020 |title=Nnabagereka Development Foundation (NDF) |url=https://www.buganda.or.ug/index.php/nnabagereka-foundation |access-date=5 June 2020 |publisher=Buganda Kingdom Official Website |location=Mengo, Kampala |archive-date=5 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605113412/https://www.buganda.or.ug/index.php/nnabagereka-foundation |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ekitongole era kikwataganye n’Obwakabaka bwa Alur okuyamba n’okuzzaawo obwakabaka obuliraanyewo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=A decade long journey of King Philip Olarker Rauni III – Kingdom Post |url=https://post.alurkingdom.com/a-decade-long-journey-of-king-philip-olarker-rauni-iii/ |access-date=2024-05-20 |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Buganda|Obwakabaka bwa Buganda]] * [[Kabaka wa Buganda]] * [[Sylvia Nagginda|Sylvia Najinda]] * [[Inhebantu wa Busoga|Inhebantu we Busoga]] {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa ekuva ebweru == * [https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1508089/nabagereka-marks-day-african-girl-child Nabagereka ekuza olunaku lw'omwana omuwala Omufirika] Okuva nga 4 October 2019. [[Category:Buganda]] hh3zw6d47h9hlxcbjffh8gbqbkkil0u 0 13083 66844 48159 2026-08-05T19:23:06Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66844 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Nambi''' muwala wa Mugulu, era amanyiddwa nga [[:en:Ggulu|Ggulu]] mu nkyusa ezimu ez’enfumo [[:en:Baganda|z’Abaganda]] . Mu lugero lw’obutonzi bwa Uganda, Nambi ne muto we be bazuula [[:en:Kintu|Kintu]], omusajja eyasooka. Nambi ayamba Kintu mu lugendo lwe lwonna n’okugezesebwa kwe, era okukkakkana ng’afuuse mukyala we era nnyina w’abaana be. <ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last1=Thury |first1=Eva M. |year=2017 |title=Introduction to Mythology: Contemporary Approaches to Classical and World Myths |url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontomy0000thur_n3w6 |last2=Devinney |first2=Margaret |publisher=Oxford University Press |pages=[https://archive.org/details/introductiontomy0000thur_n3w6/page/121 121]–128}}</ref> [[File:Uganda_large_map.jpg|thumb|Maapu ya Uganda]] == Empisa z’enfumo == Emboozi y’obutonzi bwa Uganda etandikira ku [[:en:Kintu|Kintu]], omusajja eyasooka, okutaayaaya ku Nsi ng’alina ebintu bye byokka ku ye n’ente ye. Okumala ennaku nnyingi yataayaaya mu Uganda yekka, okutuusa omulundi gumu, Nambi ne muto we ne bagwa wansi okuva mu ggulu. Nambi ayagala nnyo okulaba omusajja, nga tamanyi ani oba kiki, wadde ente ye kitonde ki. Kintu naye alaba bannyinaffe, naye mu kifo ky’okubasemberera, akuuma ebanga lye. Nambi okukkakkana ng’asemberera Kintu, ng’amubuuza ensolo ki gyali nayo n’amugamba nti wadde mwannyina tebalabangako musajja. Oluvannyuma lw’okusisinkana, Nambi ne mwannyina bateesa ku nkolagana eno. Nambi asalawo nti Kintu musajja, era bw’amubuuza oba kino kituufu, akakasiddwa nti mutuufu. Nambi abuulira Kintu ebimukwatako ne mwannyina era n’akkaatiriza nti bonna baddayo ewa kitaawe mu ggulu nga bali bombi. Kintu agumiikiriza nti ente ye erina okutwalibwa, naye Nambi n’agaana, era bannyinaffe ne badda mu ggulu bokka. Nambi ne mwannyina bwe badda ewa Mugulu, bamubuulira bye bazudde. Nambi agamba kitaawe nti yandiyagadde okumutuusa mu ggulu kyokka Mugulu n’amugamba nti ensonga y’agenda okuzirabirira n’amugoba. Mugulu olwo n’agamba batabani be okukka ku nsi n’okuggyayo ente yokka kubanga yali alowooza nti Kintu yandizikiridde mu bbanga ttono mu ngeri yonna. Nga talina nte ye, ensibuko ye yokka ey’emmere n’okunywa, Kintu yasunguwala n’atawummula. Enkeera Nambi yeetegereza ente yokka eri mu ggulu era n’atabuka nnyo, ng’ategeeza nti enkya agenda kukka okuva mu ggulu aleete Kintu ewa kitaawe yennyini. Nambi aleeta Kintu mu ggulu n’amulaga eby’obugagga byonna n’abantu bye balina mu bungi. Mugulu bw’awulira okuva mu batabani be nti Kintu yaleeteddwa mu ggulu, atandika okuteekawo emirimu egisooka ku mirimu mingi gy’ayagala Kintu akole. Kintu amaliriza mangu omulimu gwe ogusooka ogw’okulya emmere esukkiridde n’asanyusa Mugulu. Olwo Mugulu n’atondawo omulimu ogw’okubiri Kintu gw’alina okutuukiriza n’amugamba nti bw’anaakikola, ajja kuddizibwa ente ye n’akwata Nambi omukono mu bufumbo. Kintu bw’amala okukola emirimu emirala esatu egitasoboka, Mugulu amugamba atwale Nambi n’ente ye adde ku nsi. Mugulu era abapakira ensawo y’ebirime n’enkoko emu kyokka n’abalabula obutadda mu ggulu, kubanga bayinza okusisinkana muganda wa Nambi omubi, [[:en:Warumbe|Walumbe]]. Nambi ne Kintu baasitula ku lugendo lwabwe okudda e Uganda, kyokka ne bakizuula nti obulo bw'okuliisa enkoko baali babwerabidde. Nga tafaayo Mugulu by’ayagala, Kintu addayo mu ggulu, era bw’atuuka, n’asanga Walumbe, n’abuuza Nambi gy’ali. Walumbe awerekera Kintu okudda ku nsi, era mu bbanga ttono ne baddamu okukwatagana ne Nambi. Nambi agumya nti Walumbe addeyo ewaabwe mu ggulu, kyokka okukkakkana nga kisaliddwawo nti ajja kubeera nabo ku nsi okumala akaseera katono. Nambi, Kintu, ne Walumbe basenga e Magongo, ekitundu kya Uganda, era Nambi n’atandika okulima ebirime nga bwe basenze. Nga wayise ekiseera Nambi ne Kintu baazaala abaana basatu, kyokka Walumbe ayagala omu ku bo abeere wuwe amuyambeko ku mirimu gya buli lunaku. Nambi ne Kintu beewala ekibuuzo kye, nga bamugamba nti lumu ajja kuba n’omu ku bo. Nambi agenda mu maaso n’okuzaala abaana abalala, era Walumbe n’akula n’atabuka kubanga n’okutuusa kati talina muyambi. Walumbe agamba nti olunaku ku lunaku, agenda kutta omwana omu okutuusa lw’awulira ng’obwenkanya buweereddwa. Walumbe agoberera okulangirira kwe, era buli lunaku, omu ku baana ba Kintu ne Nambi afa. Kintu adda mu ggulu okubuulira Mugulu ebizibu byabwe. Mugulu annyonnyola nti yali yabalabula ku Walumbe kyokka ng’agenda kusindika mutabani we Kayiikuuzi wansi ku nsi okuwamba Walumbe. Walumbe ne [[:en:Kaikuzi|Kayiikuuzi]] batandika okulwana, kyokka Walumbe n’abuuka mangu mu kinnya mu ttaka, n’awona Kayiikuuzi buli lw’agezaako okumukwata. Kayiikuuzi akola enteekateeka y’okusirika ennaku bbiri, ng’agamba nti Walumbe agenda kuva wansi alabe lwaki tewali akuba maloboozi.Enteekateeka ya Kayiikuuzi ekola n’awamba ne Walumbe n’avaayo mu [[:en:Tanda_pits|Tanda Pits]], ekitundu eky’enjawulo mu Uganda. Bw’asanga abaana abakuba enduulu nga bategedde okubeerawo kwe, ne bamenya akasiriikiriro. Kayiikuuzi, nga yennyamidde, agamba nti tagenda kuddamu kwetaba mu kuzza Walumbe e Mugulu mu ggulu, era Walumbe n'asigala mu Uganda.<ref name=":0" /> == Omusajja ow’ebyafaayo == Nambi ne Kintu mu lufumo lw’obutonzi bwa Uganda basibuka ku [[:en:Kato_Kintu|Kato Kintu]] ne Nambi Nantuttululu, abantu ab’ebyafaayo okuva mu Bwakabaka bwa [[:en:Buganda|Buganda]] obw’omu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ennya . <ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Thury |first=Eva M. |year=2017 |title=Introduction to Mythology: Contemporary Approaches to Classical and World Myths |url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontomy0000thur_n3w6 |last2=Devinney |first2=Margaret |publisher=Oxford University Press |pages=[https://archive.org/details/introductiontomy0000thur_n3w6/page/121 121]–128}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFThuryDevinney2017">Thury, Eva M.; Devinney, Margaret (2017). ''Introduction to Mythology: Contemporary Approaches to Classical and World Myths''. Oxford University Press. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">121–</span>128.</cite></ref> == Ekozesa ku kusembeza abantu okw’omulembe == * Nambi alabibwa mu ''kitabo ekiyitibwa The Quest for Kintu and the Search for Peace: Mythology and Morality in Buganda ey’ekyasa eky’ekkumi n’omwenda'', <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Yoder |first=John |date=1988 |title=The Quest for Kintu and the Search for Peace: Mythology and Morality in Nineteenth-Century Buganda |journal=History in Africa |volume=15 |pages=363–376 |doi=10.2307/3171868 |issn=0361-5413 |jstor=3171868 |s2cid=145063130}}</ref> ng’ali wamu ne bba Kintu. Kigambibwa mu katabo kano nti mu Buganda mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’omwenda, abakulembeze b’ebyobufuzi baagezaako okugatta obwakabaka nga baddamu okunyumya olugero lw’obutonzi n’okujjukiza ababeera mu Buganda emirandira gyabwe egya ssemateeka n’embeera z’abantu gye giva. Mu kiseera ekyo, waaliwo okusika omuguwa wakati w’obwakabaka era ensonga y’olutalo n’emirembe ye yali ekikolo ky’ekizibu. Mu kiseera ky’obufuzi bwa [[:en:Kabaka_of_Buganda|Kabaka]] Mutesa, effujjo mu Bwakabaka bwa Buganda lyatuuka ku ntikko. Mu nnyiriri ezaayogerwako Sir Apolo Kaggwa, olwa Kintu ne Nambi okudda eka ku Nsi era nga Warumbe amaze okutandikawo amaka ge nabo, Kintu n’atandika okutondawo emirimu gy’ebyobufuzi, ensalo z’ebitundu, n’enkola z’okwekuuma. Oluvannyuma lw’okuteekawo bino Nambi w’asangibwa ng’alina omukwano mu nkyusa eno ey’olugero, era ekivaamu Kintu n’abulawo okumala emyaka mingi, mu kiseera ekyo olulyo lw’Abachwa ne lutwala entebe. Olulyo lwa Chwa luteeberezebwa okuba nga lukwatagana butereevu ne Kintu era kigambibwa nti Kabaka waabwe yagoberera emisono gy’obufuzi gye gimu Kintu gye yalina. Abakulembeze b’ebyobufuzi mu Uganda olwo ne batwala emboozi eno, ne bagikozesa okusomooza Kabaka Mutesa, nga bategeeza nti Kabaka bonna balina okufuga nga Kintu ne Chwa bwe baakola, era nti ebigendererwa bye baalina, gamba ng’obutakola ffujjo n’okusaasira, biyisibwa okuva ku mufuzi okudda ku mulala. * Nambi n'abazannyi abalala okuva mu mboozi y'obutonzi bwa Buganda osobola okugiraba mu ''"Kyazze Tekizzikayo- Short Ugandan Musical Film"'' . <ref>{{Citation|last=zikosa|title=Kyazze Tekizzikayo - Short Ugandan Musical Film|date=2009-04-25|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PqBDI6m9p4c|access-date=2019-04-29}}</ref> Firimu eno ennyimpi eraga era eraga Nambi ne Kintu okwanjula okwasooka, awamu n’enkolagana yaabwe ne Warumbe, byonna nga byogerwa nga bayita mu sitayiro y’omuziki. * [[:en:Nambi_(film)|Nambi (firimu)]] era ekyusibwa n’efuulibwa firimu ya Uganda eya 2023 eyawandiikibwa era n’elagirwa Peter Mikiibi era n’ekolebwa Dennis Arthur Abwakat ne [[:en:Usama_Mukwaya|Usama Mukwaya]] . <ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/politics/movie-on-buganda-folklore-kintu-and-nambi-pre-161702</ref> == Ennyiriri endala ez'emboozi y'okutonda kwa Uganda == * Mu ''Kintu: The Myth'', Nambi ye muwala wa [[:en:Ggulu|Ggulu]] yekka . Ye ne baganda be baali bazannya ku nsi olunaku lumu ne bamulaba. Nga baganda be bonna baddayo mu ggulu, yasigala mu Buganda asobole okumanya Kintu okusingawo. Oluvannyuma lw’okumanyagana, baasalawo okufumbiriganwa ne badda mu ggulu bafune okusiima kwa Ggulu. Ggulu atonda emirimu Kintu gy’alina okutuukiriza, era bw’agimaliriza, n’abakkiriza okudda ku nsi ng’omusajja n’omukyala. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Kizza |first=Immaculate |year=2010 |title=The Oral Tradition of the Baganda of Uganda: A Study and Anthology of Legends, Myths, Epigrams and Folktales |publisher=McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers |pages=38–44}}</ref> Enfumo endala zigoberera ng’eyo mu ''Introduction to Mythology: Contemporary Approaches to Classical and World Myths.'' * Mu ''The Quest for Kintu and the Search for Peace: Mythology and Morality in Nineteenth-Century Buganda'', <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Yoder |first=John |date=1988 |title=The Quest for Kintu and the Search for Peace: Mythology and Morality in Nineteenth-Century Buganda |journal=History in Africa |volume=15 |pages=363–376 |doi=10.2307/3171868 |issn=0361-5413 |jstor=3171868 |s2cid=145063130}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFYoder1988">Yoder, John (1988). "The Quest for Kintu and the Search for Peace: Mythology and Morality in Nineteenth-Century Buganda". ''History in Africa''. '''15''': <span class="nowrap">363–</span>376. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.2307/3171868|10.2307/3171868]]. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0361-5413 0361-5413]. [[JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]]&nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3171868 3171868]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145063130 145063130].</cite></ref> ennyiriri ez’enjawulo ez’emboozi y’obutonzi bwa Uganda zibalibwa. Mu nkyusa ya Sabadu ey’olugero, Kintu bwe yamala okukola emirimu egyateekebwawo Mugulu ne Nambi ne Kintu okudda ku nsi, Nambi yazaala abaana babiri ab’obulenzi n’abawala babiri buli mwaka nga buli omu yava mu lubuto ng’akuze mu bujjuvu. Oluvannyuma lw’emyaka mingi, Buganda yajjula abantu, ebisolo, n’ebimera ebikulaakulana. Kintu olwo n’asalako ebitundutundu by’ebijanjaalo bye eby’obuntu n’omuti gw’ebikuta n’agamba bazzukulu be okwekolera obulamu awalala. Kyokka Kintu ne Nambi tebaalabulangako abo abavaawo okuyigiriza ezzadde lyabwe ekituufu okuva ku kikyamu oba ekirungi okuva ku kibi, kale bangi ku bazzukulu baafuuka babi era abatali ba bwenkanya. Olwo n’agenda e Nambi, ng’amugamba nti balina okuvaayo bagende awalala. Batabani baabwe baabanoonya emisana n’ekiro, kyokka bwe batasobola kuzuulibwa, [[:en:Chwa_I_of_Buganda|Chwa]] n’akwata entebe, bw’atyo n’atuuka ku Kabaka owookubiri oluvannyuma lwa Kintu amanyiddwa mu byafaayo. Kino era kyabadde entandikwa y’olunyiriri oluwanvu olwa bakabaka ba Buganda, nga kati luli ku kabaka waayo ow’amakumi 36, Ssekabaka [[:en:Ronald_Muwenda_Mutebi_II|Ronald Muwenda Mutebi II]], ng’olunyiriri lwe luyinza okuddirira e Kintu. * ''The Voice of Africa,'' ekitontome kya YB Lubambula kisoma ennyiriri ez’enjawulo ku ngeri Kintu ne Nambi gye baasooka okusisinkana. Ekitontome kitandika ne Kintu okutega ebiwuka n’ebisolo eby’enjawulo, byonna bye yafulumya oluvannyuma lw’okukola omukwano gw’omusaayi nabyo. Olunaku lumu, ajja mu mutego gwe n’alaba nga mu kifo ky’ebiwuka n’ebisolo, asibye omukazi. Omukazi yeeyanjula nga Nambi era n’asaba ekikondo, omuggo, n’ekiso ky’omuddo. Enkeera, ennyumba yali ekoleddwa bombi. Olwo Nambi n’asimba ekitooke, ekyamera ne kifuuka ebirime bingi ne kikula mangu. Enkeera, basanga ente ng’erya ebirime, bwe batyo ne bagitega ne bagirunda. Nga wayise ennaku ntono Kintu tasobola kusanga Nambi; ekimu ku biwuka bye yali akutte emabegako n’akola omukwano nabyo kimutegeeza nti biri waggulu mu Ggulu. Wano Kintu w’asisinkanira Mugulu n’atandika okumaliriza emirimu gye olw’okuwona n’omukono gwa Nambi mu bufumbo. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lubambula |first=Y. B. |date=January 1948 |title=A Ganda Poem |journal=Africa |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=45–48 |doi=10.2307/3180467 |issn=0001-9720 |jstor=3180467 |s2cid=146974782}}</ref> [[Category:Buganda]] lctg57yvyq3mmyvllt3cfzitbj6zfhh 0 13090 66798 48261 2026-08-05T18:40:58Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66798 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Namirembe''' lusozi mu [[:en:Kampala|Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene ekya [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]]. Era linnya lya bulijjo eriweebwa abawala mu bika [[:en:Baganda|by’Abaganda]] ebiwerako. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Namirembe Hill – Things to See & Do {{!}} Buganda Tourism |url=http://www.bugandatourism.com/cities/kampala/namirembe-hill.html |access-date=2021-05-19 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nsimbi |first=M. B. |date=April 1980 |title=Munger Africana Library Notes: Luganda names, clans and totems |journal=California Institute of Technology |volume=0047-8350}}</ref> Namirembe kiva mu kigambo ky'Oluganda "mirembe" ekitegeeza ''emirembe'' . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Barlas |first=Robert |date=2000 |title=Uganda |url=https://archive.org/details/ugandaba00barl |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=0-7614-0981-5 |location=New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ugandaba00barl/page/86 86] |oclc=41299243}}</ref> Namirembe avvuunulwa mu ngeri etali nnywevu nti ''Emirembe mu bujjuvu''. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Merschat |first=Stephen R. |title=Who's Your Baby? Over 112,000 Baby Names and Meanings |url=http://babynames.merschat.com/name-meaning.cgi?bn_key=45915 |access-date=2021-05-19 |website=babynames.merschat.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2014 |title=Namirembe Hill {{!}} Uganda Travel Guide |url=http://www.ugandatravelguide.com/namirembe.html |access-date=2021-05-19 |language=en-US}}</ref> Enfumo zigamba nti olusozi luno lwali kifo we bakuŋŋaaniranga okujaguza emirembe oba obuwanguzi mu lutalo. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Crabtree |first=W A |date=1914 |title=The languages of Uganda protectorate |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/716185.pdf |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=13 |issue=50 |pages=152–166 |jstor=716185}}</ref> == Ekifo == Namirembe asalagana ne [[:en:Makerere|Makerere]] mu bukiikakkono-bwabuvanjuba, [[:en:Old_Kampala|Old Kampala]] mu buvanjuba, [[:en:Mengo,_Uganda|Mengo]] mu bukiikaddyo-bwabuvanjuba, [[:en:Lubaga|Lubaga]] mu bukiikaddyo-bwabugwanjuba, [[:en:Lungujja|Lungujja]] mu bugwanjuba, [[:en:Kasubi_Tombs|Amasiro ge Kasubi]] mu bukiikakkono-bwabugwanjuba, ne [[:en:Mean_sea_level|Naakulabye]] mu bukiikakkono. Obuwanvu, ku luguudo, okuva mu kitundu ky’abasuubuzi ekiri wakati mu Kampala okutuuka e Namirembe luli nga 4 kilometres (2 mi) . Ensengeka z'olusozi Namirembe ziri 0°18'54"N, 32°33'34"E (Latitude:0.315000; Longitude:32.559444). Olusozi Namirembe lulina obuwanvu bwa fuuti 4,134 (1,260 m) waggulu w’obugulumivu bw’ennyanja . <ref name="ElevR">{{Cite web |last=Uganda Travel Guide |date=August 2020 |title=About Namirembe Hill, Kampala City, Uganda |url=http://www.ugandatravelguide.com/namirembe.html |access-date=13 August 2021 |website=Uganda Travel Guide}}</ref> == Lutikko ya Pawulo Omutukuvu Namirembe == [[File:NAMIREMBE_CATHEDRAL._side_view.jpg|thumb|Lutikko e Namirembe]] Olusozi Namirembe lwe lubadde ekifo ekikulu [[:en:Anglican|Abakulisitaayo]] mwebasinziza mu [[:en:Buganda|Buganda]] okuva Omulabirizi Alfred Tucker lwe yatandikawo ofiisi z’Obulabirizi [[:en:Diocese_of_Eastern_Equatorial_Africa|bwa Eastern Equatorial Africa]] mu 1890. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Kampala (Uganda). City Council. |title=Kampala city handbook. |publisher=Published by Gava Associated Services |lccn=2008346872 |oclc=231694517}}</ref> Namirembe we wali Lutikko ya [[:en:Namirembe_Cathedral|Pawulo Omutukuvu, Namirembe]] . Kino kye kyali ekifo ekikulu eky’okusinzizaamu [[:en:Anglican_Church|Ekkanisa ya Uganda]] mu Uganda okuva lwe yamalirizibwa okuzimbibwa mu 1919 okutuusa mu myaka gya 1960 Lutikko lwe yafuuka ekitebe ky’Obulabirizi bw’e Namirembe. Mu kiseera ekyo, ekitebe ky’Ekkanisa [[:en:Church_of_Uganda|ya Uganda]] kyasengukira mu kkanisa ya All Saints e [[:en:Nakasero|Nakasero]] kyokka oluvannyuma ne kidda e Namirembe. [[:en:Anglicanism|Enzikiriza y’Abangereza]] y’eddiini esinga okukwatagana n’Obwakabaka [[:en:Kabaka_of_Buganda|bwa Buganda]] okuva entalo z’eddiini mu myaka gya 1890 lwe zaggwa. <ref name="UTG">{{Cite web |title=Profile And History of Namirembe Hill |url=http://www.ugandatravelguide.com/namirembe.html |access-date=21 June 2014 |publisher=Uganda Travel Guide (UTG)}}</ref> <ref name="12R">{{Cite web |last=Uganda Safaris Tours |date=August 2021 |title=Uganda's Oldest Cathedral: Namirembe Cathedral |url=https://www.ugandasafaristours.com/blog/ugandas-oldest-cathedral-namirembe-cathedral.html |access-date=13 August 2021 |website=Uganda Safaris Tours}}</ref> == Okulambika okutwaliza awamu == Olusozi luno lulinnya 1,260 metres (4,130 ft) waggulu w’obugulumivu bw’ennyanja. Luliraanye [[:en:Mengo,_Uganda|olusozi Mengo]], ewasangibwa [[:en:Buganda|gavumenti ya Buganda]] . Ebyafaayo by’obusozi buno byombi bikwatagana, mu byenkula y'ensi, mu by’obufuzi ne mu ddiini. <ref name="UTG">{{Cite web |title=Profile And History of Namirembe Hill |url=http://www.ugandatravelguide.com/namirembe.html |access-date=21 June 2014 |publisher=Uganda Travel Guide (UTG)}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.ugandatravelguide.com/namirembe.html "Profile And History of Namirembe Hill"]. Uganda Travel Guide (UTG)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite></ref> [[:en:Mengo_Hospital|Eddwaliro ly’e Mengo]] lirimu ebitanda 300, ddwaliro ly’abantu bonna nga lirina akakwate n’ekkanisa ya Uganda. Era limanyikiddwa nga [[:en:Namirembe_Hospital|eddwaliro lya Namirembe]] . Lye ddwaaliro eryasookera ddala mu Uganda era lyatandikibwawo [[:en:Albert_Ruskin_Cook|Albert Ruskin Cook]] mu gwokutaano 1897. <ref name="UTG">{{Cite web |title=Profile And History of Namirembe Hill |url=http://www.ugandatravelguide.com/namirembe.html |access-date=21 June 2014 |publisher=Uganda Travel Guide (UTG)}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.ugandatravelguide.com/namirembe.html "Profile And History of Namirembe Hill"]. Uganda Travel Guide (UTG)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite></ref> Ku musingi gw’obukiikakkono bwobugwanjuba g’olusozi Namirembe kwe kusangibwa awaziikibwa ba Kabaka ba Buganda awamanyikiddwa nga Amasiro g’e Kasubi. Wano bakabaka ba Buganda abana abasembyeyo we baziikiddwa. <ref name="UTG">{{Cite web |title=Profile And History of Namirembe Hill |url=http://www.ugandatravelguide.com/namirembe.html |access-date=21 June 2014 |publisher=Uganda Travel Guide (UTG)}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.ugandatravelguide.com/namirembe.html "Profile And History of Namirembe Hill"]. Uganda Travel Guide (UTG)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite></ref> [[:en:Bulange|Ekizimbe kya Bulange Complex]] kirimu ekizimbe kya Palamenti ya Buganda emanyikiddwa nga "Lukiiko", Ekizimbe kino kiri ku lusozi Namirembe, emitala w'olusozi Mengo. Olubiri lw'e Mengo ku lusozi Mengo luyungibwa ku Bulange Complex n'oluguudo olugolokofu, oluweza mayiro nga emu, oluyitibwa "Kabaka Anjagala Road" ("Kabaka Anjagala" mu Lungereza). Okwenkana n'ekitundu kye kkubo, oluguudo olugolokofu lusalagana n’oluguudo lwa Lubaga. Waliwo enkulungo abatambuze aba bulijjo gye bakozesa. Kyokka waliwo ekkubo eriyita mu nkulungo okuli ekikomera. Eryo likozesebwa Kabaka yekka ng’atambula wakati w’olubiri n’ekizimbe kya Paalamenti. Ennono egaana kabaka okwetooloola enkulungo. Alina okutambula butereevu ng’atambula wakati w’ebifo bino byombi. <ref name="UTG">{{Cite web |title=Profile And History of Namirembe Hill |url=http://www.ugandatravelguide.com/namirembe.html |access-date=21 June 2014 |publisher=Uganda Travel Guide (UTG)}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.ugandatravelguide.com/namirembe.html "Profile And History of Namirembe Hill"]. Uganda Travel Guide (UTG)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite></ref> == Ebintu ebirala ebikwata ku nsonga eno == Ebifo ebirala bino wammanga eby’enjawulo biri ku lusozi Namirembe oba okumpi nalwo: * Ekitebe ky'Essaza ly'Ekkanisa ya Uganda. * Amaka ga Ssaabalabirizi w’Ekkanisa ya Uganda. * Amaka g'Omulabirizi w'essaza ly'ekkanisa e Namirembe. * [[:en:Mengo_Senior_School|Mengo Senior School essomero]] lya gavumenti nga lya bawala n'abalenzi. * Sanyu Babies Home – Ekifo ekirabirirwamu bamulekwa ekiddukanyizibwa [[:en:Non-governmental_organization|kyobwannakyewa]] . == Laba ne == * [[:en:Kampala_Capital_City_Authority|Ekitongole kya Kampala Capital City Authority]] * [[:en:Lubaga_Division|Divizoni y'e Lubaga]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Buganda]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ibeq5y1cjzwimg1o69mosfrwnlbkq9t 0 13103 66793 52654 2026-08-05T18:33:15Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 4 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66793 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Nakanyike Beatrice Musisi,''' mu by'ekikugu amanyiddwa nga Prof. '''Nakanyike Musisi''' (yazaalibwa mugwokuna nga 26, 1955) Munnayuganda, [[:en:Historian|munnabyafaayo]], omunoonyereza era omuwandiisi<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2019-11-07 |title=Nakanyike Musisi |url=https://www.history.utoronto.ca/people/directories/all-faculty/nakanyike-musisi |access-date=2026-02-20 |website=Department of History |language=en |archive-date=2026-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260430121807/https://www.history.utoronto.ca/people/directories/all-faculty/nakanyike-musisi |url-status=dead }}</ref> . Yali dayirekita omukulu ow’ekkumi n’omwenda mu ttendekero ly’okunoonyereza ku mbeera z’abantu erya [[:en:Makerere_Institute_of_Social_Research|Makerere Institute of Social Research]] (MISR) mu yunivasite y’e Makerere okuva mu 1999-2009. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Previous Directors {{!}} Makerere Institute of Social Research (MISR) |url=https://misr.mak.ac.ug/about-us/previous-directors |access-date=2026-02-20 |website=misr.mak.ac.ug}}</ref> == Obuto bwe n’okusoma == Nakanyike Musisi yazaalibwa nga 26 ogwokuna 1955 mu Uganda. Yafuna diguli ye eyasooka okuva mu [[:en:Makerere_University|yunivasite y’e Makerere]] nga tannagenda kwongera kusoma bweru wa ggwanga. Oluvannyuma yafuna diguli eyookubiri mu by’emikono ne diguli eyookubiri mu by’obufirosoofo okuva mu [[:en:University_of_Birmingham|Yunivasite y’e Birmingham]] mu [[:en:United_Kingdom|Bungereza]], era n’agenda mu maaso n’afuna [[:en:Doctorate|diguli eyookusatu]] okuva mu [[:en:University_of_Toronto|Yunivasite y’e Toronto.]] <ref name=":0"/> == Omulimu == Musisi yatandika okusoma mu yunivasite y’e Toronto mu myaka gya 1980 ng’omukyala Omufirika eyasooka okusoma diguli eyookusatu mu kitongole ky’ebyafaayo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Honouring U of T's African scholars and alumni {{!}} University of Toronto Alumni |url=https://www.utoronto.ca/news/honouring-u-t-s-african-scholars-and-alumni |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=www.utoronto.ca |language=en}}</ref> Mu 1999, yafuna oluwummula n’asenguka n’adda mu [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] okuwereeza nga dayirekita w’ekitongole ekikola ku kunoonyereza ku mbeera z’abantu ekya Makerere Institute of Social Research (MISR) ku yunivasite y’e Makerere, ekifo kino yakimalamu emyaka kkumi. Mu 2009, yaddamu okusomesa ekiseera kyonna mu Yunivasite y’e Toronto mu [[:en:Canada|Canada]] . <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Musisi |first=N |date=2014 |title=Gender and Sexuality in African History: A Personal Reflection. |url=https://doi-org.10.1017/S0021853714000589 |journal=Journal of African History |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=303–315 |via=EBSCO}}</ref> Mu kiseera kye yamala ng'akulira ekitongole ekinoonyereza ku mbeera z'abantu ekya Makerere Institute of Social Research (MISR), Musisi yaweereza ku kakiiko ka Pulezidenti wa Uganda aka mukenenya okuva mu 2004-2009. <ref name=":2" /> Mu kiseera kino, Musisi akola nga [[:en:Associate_professor|Associate Professor]] mu kitongole ky’ebyafaayo mu yunivasite y’e Toronto mu Canada <ref>{{Cite web |title=Discovery |url=https://discover.research.utoronto.ca/487-nakanyike-musisi/about |access-date=2026-02-21 |website=discover.research.utoronto.ca}}</ref> . Okunoonyereza kwe kusinga kukwata ku kikula ky’abantu, obufuzi bw’amatwale, enkyukakyuka mu mbeera z’abantu, ebyenjigiriza, emirimu gy’obuminsani mu Uganda, n’okunoonyereza ku bulamu bwa Afrika nga tebannaba kufugibwa matwale n’abafuzi b’amatwale. <ref>{{Cite book |date=2022-12-13 |title=Decolonising State and Society in Uganda |url=https://doi.org/10.1017/9781800104105 |publisher=Boydell and Brewer Limited |isbn=978-1-80010-410-5 |editor-last=Bruce-Lockhart |editor-first=Katherine |editor-last2=Earle |editor-first2=Jonathon L. |editor-last3=Musisi |editor-first3=Nakanyike B. |editor-last4=Taylor |editor-first4=Edgar C.}}</ref> Musisi era y’omu ku baatandikawo Tingasiga, [[:en:Newsletter|olupapula lw’amawulire]] olwa Uganda olufuluma buli luvannyuma lwa myezi esatu olwasooka okufulumizibwa mu 1988. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-28 |title=Twenty years of writing and murdering the English language |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/oped/columnists/muniini-k-mulera/twenty-years-of-writing-and-murdering-the-english-language-1703452 |access-date=2026-03-12 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, akola nga [[:en:Chancellor|chancellor]] mu Ahaki Institute mu Uganda <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kyotalengerire |first=Agnes |date=2025-03-27 |title=Education: Ahaki Institute: New degree-awarding institution launched |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/education/ahaki-institute-new-degree-awarding-instituti-NV_207721_032026 |access-date=2026-03-11 |website=New Vision}}</ref> . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Directors – The Ahaki Institute |url=https://www.ahakiinstitute.ac/faculty/ |access-date=2026-03-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebitabo ebifulumiziddwa == === Ebitabo === # Okugabanya obuyinza n’okukyusa enfuga mu Uganda (2007) <ref>{{Cite book |last=Asiimwe |first=Delius |date=2007 |title=Decentralization and transformation of governance in Uganda |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9789970026197 |last2=Musisi |first2=Nakanyike B. |publisher=Fountain Publishers |isbn=9789970026197}}</ref> # Ebyafaayo by’abakyala mu Afrika eby’amatwale (2002). <ref>{{Cite book |last=Allman |first=Jean |date=2002 |title=Women in African colonial histories |url=https://archive.org/details/womeninafricanco0000unse |last2=Geiger |first2=Susan |last3=Musisi |first3=Nakanyike |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=0253215072}}</ref> # Yunivasite y’e Makerere mu nkyukakyuka, 1993-2000: emikisa n’okusoomoozebwa (Ebyenjigiriza ebya waggulu mu Afrika). <ref>{{Cite book |last=Musisi |first=Nakanyike B. |date=2003 |year=2003 |title=Makerere University in Transition 1993–2000: opportunities & Challenges |url=https://archive.org/details/makerereuniversi0000musi |publisher=James Curry Ltd |isbn=0-85255-426-5}}</ref> # Okuwandiika mu by’ensoma kye ki? <ref>{{Cite book |last=Musisi |first=Nakanyike B. |date=2010 |title=What is academic writing? |last2=Taylor III |first2=Edgar C. |publisher=Fountain Publishers |isbn=9789970027361 |location=Kampala Uganda}}</ref> # Ensibuko y’obutabanguko mu mbeera z’abantu mu Uganda, 1964-1985. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Kasozi |first=A.B.K. |date=1999 |year= |title=The social origins of violence in Uganda 1964-1985 |last2=Musisi |first2=Nakanyike |last3=Sejjengo |first3=Mukooza James |publisher=Fountain Publishers Ltd |isbn=9970021575 |location=Kampala Uganda |publication-date=}}</ref> # Okuggya amawanga n’embeera z’abantu mu Uganda: ebyobufuzi by’okumanya n’obulamu bw’olukale (2022). <ref>{{Cite book |last=Bruce-Lockhart |first=Catherine |date=2022 |title=Decolonizing State & Society in Uganda: The Politics of Knowledge & Public Life |last2=Earle |first2=Jonathan L. |last3=Musisi |first3=Nakanyike B. |last4=Taylor |first4=Edgar C |publisher=Boydell & Brewer Inc |isbn=9781847012975}}</ref> # Okubba ebiwandiiko kye ki? <ref>{{Cite book |last=Musisi |first=Nakanyike B |date=2009 |title=What is plagiarism? |last2=Taylor |first2=Edgar C. III |publisher=Fountain Publishers |isbn=9789970027378}}</ref> === Essuula z’Ekitabo === # Okusomesa kw’amatwale n’obuminsani: abakyala n’okubeera mu maka mu Uganda, 1900-1945. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Musisi |first=N |date=1992 |title=Colonial and Missionary Education: Women and Domesticity in Uganda, 1900-1945. In African Encounters with Domesticity |url=https://doi.org/10.36019/9780813571119-010 |publisher=Rutgers University Press |pages=172-194}}</ref> # Okunoonyereza ku bakyala n’ekikula ky’abantu mu Afrika (2022). # Emirimu gy’abakyala Abaganda mu katale k’ekiro, okuva mu B. House Midamba & F. Ekechi (eds) Abakyala mu katale ka Afrika n’amaanyi mu by’enfuna: omulimu gw’abakyala mu nkulaakulana y’ebyenfuna bya Afrika. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Cornwall |first=Andrea |date=2005 |title=Readings in gender in Africa |url=https://archive.org/details/readingsingender0000unse_n7r1 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=9780852558713 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/readingsingender0000unse_n7r1/page/132 132]-140}}</ref> === Ebitabo Ebitunuuliddwa === # Emirembe egyayita: Abavubuka mu byafaayo bya East Africa bya Andrew Burton, Hélène Charton-Bigot (2013) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Musisi |first=N. B. |date=2013 |title=Generations Past: Youth in East African history by Andrew Burton, Hélène Charton-Bigot (review). |url=https://doi-org.10.1353/cch.2013.0011 |journal=Journal of Colonialism & Colonial History |volume=14 |issue=1 |via=EBSCO}}</ref>. # Abakyala mu byafaayo by’amatwale ga Afrika (2002). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lwanga |first=D. N. |date=2003 |title=Women in African Colonial History edited by JEAN ALLMAN, SUSAN GEIGER and NAKANYIKE MUSISI Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2002. |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-modern-african-studies/article/abs/women-in-african-colonial-history-edited-by-jean-allman-susan-geiger-and-nakanyike-musisi-bloomington-in-indiana-university-press-2002-pp-352/9FB6B25D0FF44AE461541D0176702E8C |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=485–486 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X03214361 |url-access=subscription |via=Cambridge University Press}}</ref> === Ebiwandiiko Ebirondeddwa === # Abakyala, "elite polygyny" n'okutondebwawo kw'amawanga ga Buganda (1991). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Musisi |first=N. B. |date=1991 |title=Women, “Elite Polygyny,” and Buganda State Formation. |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/3174572 |journal=Signs |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=757–786. |via=JSTOR}}</ref> # Ekikula ky’abantu n’okwegatta mu byafaayo bya Afirika: okufumiitiriza okw’obuntu (2014). <ref name=":2"/> # Empisa ng’endagamuntu: Enteekateeka y’obuminsani mu Buganda, 1877-1945 (1999). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Musisi |first=Nakanyike B. |date=1999 |title=Morality as Identity: the Missionary Moral Agenda in Buganda,1877-1945. |url=https://doi-org.10.1111/1467-9809.00073 |journal=Journal of Religious History, 23(1), 51 |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=51 |via=EBSCO}}</ref> # Okuggya okumanya mu kifuba kya "Katale": Abamanyi ba Yunivasite y'e Makerere mu mulembe gw'enkola z'ekibiina kya National Resistance Movement eza neoliberal (1989-2007). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Khushal |first=Shezadi |date=2021-11-03 |title=Review of Africanizing the school curriculum: Promoting an inclusive, decolonial education in African contexts |url=https://doi.org/10.14507/er.v28.3317 |journal=Education Review |volume=28 |doi=10.14507/er.v28.3317 |issn=1094-5296 |doi-access=free}}</ref> # Enkyukakyuka mu bakyala Baganda: okuva mu biseera eby’olubereberye okutuuka ku kugwa kw’obwakabaka mu 1966 (1995). # Ebyafaayo by’obuzadde mu Afirika: ensonga ya Uganda 700-1900 eya Rhiannon Stephens (2015). <ref>{{Cite book |last=Stephens |first=Rhiannon |date=2013-09-02 |title=A History of African Motherhood |url=https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139344333 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-139-34433-3}}</ref> # Abakyala mu Afrika nga tebannaba kufugibwa matwale: East Africa (2021). # Olugendo lw’omuntu ku bubwe mu mpisa, endagamuntu, obuyinza n’ebyobufuzi: okunoonyereza n’okuwandiika obulamu n’ebiseera bya Nnabagereka wa Buganda Maama Irene Drusilla Namaganda (1896-1957). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Musisi |first=N. B. |date=1996 |title=A Personal Journey into Custom, Identity, Power, and Politics: Researching and Writing the Life and Times of Buganda’s Queen Mother Irene Drusilla Namaganda (1896-1957). |url=https://doi.org/10.2307/3171949 |journal=History in Africa |volume=23 |pages=369–385 |via=JSTOR}}</ref> # Obutonde, ekikula ky’abantu n’enkulaakulana y’enkolagana etali ya bwenkanya mu Buganda: endowooza y’ebyafaayo (1993). <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Musisi |first=Nakanyike |date=1993 |title=The environment, gender, and the development of unequal relations in Buganda: a historical perspective. |journal=Canadian Woman Studies/les cahiers de la femme. |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=54-59 |via=Google Scholar}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[:en:Mahmood_Mamdani|Mahmood Mamdani]] * [[:en:Makerere_University|Yunivasite y’e Makerere]] == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> tvb6at5kcz3k6w17o5ywkjmt0940xx6 0 13113 66808 66718 2026-08-05T18:50:30Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 3 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66808 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mahmood Mamdani''' [ a ] FBA (yazaalibwa 23 Ogwokuna 1946) Munnayuganda [[:en:Anthropologist|omukugu mu by'enkula y'abantu]], munnabyanjigiriza, era omukugu mu by'obufuzi. Ye Herbert Lehman Pulofeesa wa Gavumenti era pulofeesa w’ensonga z'ekikula ky'abantu, [[:en:Political science|ssaayansi w’ebyobufuzi]], n’okunoonyereza ku [[:en:African studies|nsoma y'Afirika]] mu [[:en:Columbia University|Yunivasite y'e Columbia]]. Era akola nga Ccansala wa [[Kampala International University]] mu Uganda, era nga pulofeesa ow’ekitiibwa ku Center for African Studies mu [[:en:University of Cape Town|Yunivasite y'e Cape Town]]. Emabegako yaliko dayirekita w’ekitongole kya [[Makerere University, Uganda|Makerere Institute of Social Research]] (MISR) mu [[Kampala]], Uganda, okuva mu 2010 okutuuka mu 2022. Mamdani mukugu mu kusoma ebyobufuzi bya Afrika n’ensi yonna, [[:en:Colonialism|obufuzi bw’amatwale]] n’oluvannyuma [[:en:Postcolonialism|lw'obufuzi bw’amatwale]], n’ebyobufuzi [[:en:Knowledge economy|by’ebyenfuna]]. Mufumbo nga mukazi we ye [[:en:Mira Nair|Mira Nair]] omuzannyi wa firimu. Ye ne Nair be bazadde ba [[:en:New York City Mayor|Meeya w'ekibuga New York]] [[Zohran Mamdani]]. == Obuto bwe n’okusoma == Mahmood Mamdani yazaalibwa nga 23 Ogwokuna 1946 mu [[:en:Bombay|kibuga Bombay]] (kati Mumbai), Buyindi, ng’ebula omwaka gumu [[:en:British Raj|enfuga ya Bungereza]] ekome.<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/education/news/mahmood-mamdani-education-and-career-path-how-zohran-mamdanis-father-built-a-legacy-of-revolution-through-ideas-and-exile/articleshow/122064130.cms "Mahmood Mamdani education and career path: How Zohran Mamdani's father built a legacy of revolution through ideas and exile"]. ''The Times of India''. 25 June 2025. [[:en:ISSN (identifier)|ISSN&nbsp;]][https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0971-8257 0971-825] 7. Retrieved 13 July 2025.</ref><ref name="codesria">{{Cite web |title=Pr. Mahmood Mamdani (1998-2002) |url=https://codesria.org/pr-mahmood-mamdani-1998-2002/ |access-date=2025-07-13 |website=Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Yakulira mu [[Kampala]], Uganda,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mamdani |first=Mahmood |date=23 February 2021 |title=Mahmood Mamdani on Uganda |url=https://africasacountry.com/2011/04/mamdani-on-uganda |website=Africa is a Country}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Permanent Minorities and the Politics of Survivors: A conversation with Mahmood Mamdani |url=https://worldpeacefoundation.org/blog/permanent-minorities-and-the-politics-of-survivors-a-conversation-with-mahmood-mamdani/ |website=World Peace Foundation}}</ref> ng'omu ku [[:en:Indian diaspora in Southeast Africa|Bayindi ababundabunda mu bukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba bwa Afrika]]. Bazadde be bombi, [[:en:Gujarati Muslim|basiraamu Abagujarati]], baazaalibwa era ne bakulira mu kitundu kya Bungereza eky'amatwale ki [[:en:Tanganyika Territory|Tanganyika]] (leero Tanzania). Abafumbo bano baagenda e Bombay olwo kitaawe n’asomerayo mu ttendekero ekkulu.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Chen |first=Kuan-Hsing |last2=Gao |first2=Shiming |last3=Tang |first3=Xiaolin |date=2016 |title=The formation of an African intellectual: an interview with Mahmood Mamdani |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/14649373.2016.1218676 |journal=Inter-Asia Cultural Studies |volume=17 |issue=3 |pages=456–480 |doi=10.1080/14649373.2016.1218676 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>Muhoozi, Mourice (6 March 2022). [https://www.watchdoguganda.com/news/20220306/131449/meet-ugandas-most-iconic-academician-prof-mahmood-mamdani.html "Meet Uganda's most Iconic academician, Prof. Mahmood Mamdani"]. ''Watchdog Uganda''</ref> Famire yaddayo e [[:en:Dar es Salaam|Dar es Salaam]], Tanganyika, nga Mamdani wa myaka ebiri, ne bagenda e Uganda nga wa myaka etaano oba mukaaga.<ref name=":8" /> Mu kiseera ekyo, Uganda yali yayawulwamu okusinziira ku mawanga, omuli abantu gye babeera, amasomero, emizikiti, n’ebifo abaana we bazannyira. Okusoma kwe mu pulayimale, Mamdani yasooka kugenda mu [[:en:Madrasa|madarasa]], n’oluvannyuma mu Government Indian Primary School.<ref name=":8"/> Yakula ng'ayogera [[:en:Gujarati language|Olugujarati]], [[:en:Urdu|Oluurdu]] [[:en:Swahili language|n'Oluswayiri]]. Yatandika okusoma Olungereza mu kibiina eky’omukaaga.<ref name=":8" /> Oluvannyuma lw’okusoma siniya ey’awansi, yasomera ku Old Kampala Senior Secondary School, gye yali omuwandiisi w’ekibiina kya Do-it-Yourself Physics.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uganda: Buganda And Uganda At Crossroads |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200908100585.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090826030635/http://allafrica.com/stories/200908100585.html |archive-date=26 August 2009 |access-date=2025-07-13 |website=AllAfrica}}</ref> Mamdani yali omu ku bayizi Bannayuganda 23 abaali mu kibiina kya [[:en:The Kennedy Airlift|Kennedy Airlift]] mu 1963, enteekateeka ya sikaala eyaweebwa ssente okuva mu Amerika eyaleetera ebikumi n’ebikumi by'abayizi okuva mu [[:en:East Africa|Buvanjuba bwa Afrika]] okusomera ku yunivasite mu Amerika ne Canada wakati wa 1959 ne 1963.<ref name="indian tele">{{Cite web |last=Sen |first=Manjula |date=25 January 2009 |title=She interviewed me, we fell in love almost instantly |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1090125/jsp/7days/story_10437115.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090202091043/http://telegraphindia.com/1090125/jsp/7days/story_10437115.jsp |archive-date=2 February 2009 |access-date=21 March 2013}}</ref> Mamdani yatikkirwa diguli ya Bachelor of Arts okuva mu [[:en:University of Pittsburgh|Yunivasite y’e Pittsburgh]]<ref name="codesria"/> mu 1967.<ref>{{Cite book |date=1 January 2010 |title=International Encyclopedia of Civil Society |url=https://link.springer.com/referencework/10.1007/978-0-387-93996-4 |vauthors=((Anheier, H. K.)), ((Toepler, S.)) |publisher=Springer US |isbn=978-0-387-93994-0 |editor-last=Anheier |editor-first=Helmut K. |doi=10.1007/978-0-387-93996-4 |editor-last2=Toepler |editor-first2=Stefan}}</ref> Yali omu ku bayizi abangi mu bukiikakkono bwa Amerika abaali mu lugendo lwa bbaasi mu bukiikaddyo okutuuka e [[:en:Montgomery, Alabama|Montgomery, Alabama]], olwategekebwa [[:en:Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee|akakiiko akakwasaganya abayizi abatali ba ffujjo]] mu Gwokusatu 1965 okwetaba mu kaweefube w'okulwanirira [[:en:Civil rights movement|eddembe ly’obuntu]]. Kino kyaliwo mu kiseera ky’okutambula okuva e [[:en:Selma to Montgomery marches|Selma okutuuka e Montgomery]], naye nga kyo kya njawulo. Yasibibwa mu kkomera mu kutambula kuno era n’akkirizibwa okukuba essimu. Mamdani yakubira [[:en:Embassy of Uganda, Washington, D.C.|omubaka wa Uganda]] e [[:en:Washington, DC|Washington, DC]], amuyambe. Omubaka yamubuuza lwaki "ayingirira ensonga z'omunda mu nsi engwira", n'amuddamu nti teyali nsonga ya munda wabula olutalo lw'eddembe era nti nabo eddembe lyabwe baali bakalifuna omwaka ogwakaggwa.<ref name="pambazuka">{{Cite web |last=Mamdani |first=Mahmood |date=28 April 2007 |title=The Asian question again: A reflection |url=http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/comment/41273 |access-date=21 March 2013 |publisher=[[New Vision]] (Uganda) |via=pambazuka.org}}</ref> Amangu ddala nga wayiseewo akaseera katono, Mamdani yategeera ku mulimu gwa [[:en:Karl Marx|Karl Marx]] okuva mu kukyala kwe ku FBI.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shringarpure |first=Bhakti |author-link=Bhakti Shringarpure |date=15 July 2013 |title=In Conversation with Mahmood Mamdani |url=http://www.warscapes.com/conversations/conversation-mahmood-mamdani |access-date=6 November 2017 |website=Warscapes |language=en |quote=I thought the guy Marx had just died. […] So that was my introduction to Karl Marx.}}</ref> Yasomera ku [[:en:Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy|Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy]] mu [[:en:Tufts University|Yunivasite ya Tufts]] era mu 1968 yatikkirwa diguli ya Master of Arts mu [[:en:Political science|byobufuzi]] ne Master of Arts mu mateeka ne diplomacy mu 1969. Yafuna diguli ye [[:en:Doctor of philosophy|eyookusatu]] mu gavumenti okuva mu [[:en:Harvard University|Yunivasite y'e Harvard]] mu 1974, wansi w’obulagirizi bwa [[:en:Karl Deutsch|Karl Deutsch]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mamdani |first=Mahmood |date=1976 |title=Politics and class formation in Uganda |url=http://archive.org/details/politicsclassfor0000mamd |publisher=Monthly Review Press |isbn=978-0-85345-378-9 |location=New York |via=Internet Archive}}</ref> Omulamwa kw'eyatambuliza ddiguli ye eyookusatu yagiwa omutwe "''Politics and Class Formation in Uganda."''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mamdani |first=Mahmood |date=1976 |title=Politics and Class Formation in Uganda |url=https://archive.org/details/politicsclassfor0000mamd |publisher=Monthly Review Press |isbn=0-85345-378-0 |location=New York |oclc=2073894 |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Allen |first=Judith Van |last2=Mamdani |first2=Mahmood |last3=Shivji |first3=Issa G. |date=November 1977 |title=Reviewed Works: Politics and Class Formation in Uganda. by Mahmood Mamdani; Class Struggles in Tanzania. by Issa G. Shivji |journal=Contemporary Sociology |publisher=American Sociological Association |volume=6 |issue=6 |pages=702 |doi=10.2307/2066367 |issn=0094-3061 |eissn=1939-8638 |jstor=2066367}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Mamdani yakomawo mu Uganda ku ntandikwa ya 1972 era naweebwa omulimu ku [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y'e Makerere]] mu Kampala [[:en:Teaching assistant|ng'ayambako omusomesa]], mu kiseera kye kimu yali akola ku kunoonyereza kwe okwa ddiguli eyookusatu.. Ye n’Abaasia abasinga obungi [[:en:Expulsion of Asians from Uganda|baagobebwa]] mu Uganda ku nkomerero y’omwaka ogwo [[Idi Amin]] olw’amawanga gaabwe; Amin yali agenderera "kuzzaawo" bizinensi n'ebintu. Mamdani yava mu Uganda n’agenda mu nkambi y’ababundabunda mu Bungereza ku ntandikwa y'omwezi Gwekkuminoogumu.<ref name="lrb2022">{{Cite journal |last=Mamdani |first=Mahmood |date=2022-10-06 |title=The Asian Question |url=https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v44/n19/mahmood-mamdani/the-asian-question |journal=[[London Review of Books]] |language=en |volume=44 |issue=19 |issn=0260-9592 |access-date=2025-09-08}}</ref> Yava e Bungereza mu makkati ga 1973 oluvannyuma lw’okuyingizibwa mu [[:en:University of Dar es Salaam|Yunivasite y’e Dar es Salaam]] mu Tanzania.<ref name="pambazuka"/><ref name="cas2018">{{Cite web |date=28 May 2018 |title=Professor Mamdani rejoins UCT |url=https://humanities.uct.ac.za/african-studies/articles/2018-05-28-professor-mamdani-rejoins-uct |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251107045610/https://humanities.uct.ac.za/african-studies/articles/2018-05-28-professor-mamdani-rejoins-uct |archive-date=7 November 2025 |access-date=7 November 2025 |website=Centre for African Studies, UCT}}</ref><ref name="bio2">{{Cite web |title=Mahmood Mamdani |url=https://anthropology.columbia.edu/content/mahmood-mamdani |access-date=7 November 2025 |website=Department of Anthropology}}</ref> Mu Dar es Salaam, yamaliriza okuwandiika dissertation ye. Yali mujjumbize nnyo n’ebibiina ebiwakanya Amin. Mu 1979, yeetaba mu Ttabamiruka w’e Moshi ng’omutunuulizi. Yaddayo mu Uganda oluvannyuma lwa Amin okugobwa ku bukulembeze oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lwa [[Olutalo lwa Uganda ne Tanzania|Uganda ne Tanzania]] mu 1979.<ref name="bio2" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=McCormack |first=Pete |date=17 October 2005 |title=Interview with Mahmood Mamdani |url=http://www.petemccormack.com/interview_mamdani_001.htm |access-date=21 March 2013 |publisher=petemccormack.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera kino, yakozesebwa ng'omutendeke mu kibiina kya [[:en:All Africa Conference of Churches|All Africa Conference of Churches]], omukago [[:en:Ecumenical Christian|gw'Abakristaayo ogw'ensi yonna]] ogusangibwa e [[:en:Nairobi|Nairobi]], Kenya, ng'akolera mu ofiisi [[:en:Church of Uganda|y'Ekkanisa ya Uganda]] mu Kampala.<ref name="lrb2022"/> Okuva mu 1980 (oluvannyuma lwa Amin okugobwa mu ntebe mu 1979) okutuuka mu 1993 yaddamu okukolera yunivasite y’e Makerere.<ref name="lrb2022"/><ref name="bio2"/> Mu 1984, ng'agenze okwetaba mu ttabamiruka mu kibuga [[:en:Dakar|Dakar]], Senegal, yafuuka abundabunda oluvannyuma lw'obutuuze bwe mu Uganda okusazibwamu gavumenti ya Milton Obote olw'oklwogerera enkola ze.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kagolo |first=Francis |date=8 February 2012 |title=Prof. Mamdani to be honoured among Africa's best |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/628869-prof-mamdani-to-be-honoured-among-africa-s-best.html |access-date=21 March 2013 |publisher=[[New Vision]]}}</ref> Yaddayo e Dar es Salaam. Oluvannyuma lwa Obote okugobwa mu ntebe omulundi ogwokubiri, Mamdani yaddamu okudda mu Uganda mu Gwomukaaga 1986.<ref name="indian tele"/> Yali dayirekita eyatandikawo ekitongole kya Centre for Basic Research (CBR), ekitongole kya Uganda ekitali kya gavumenti ekyasooka mu kunoonyereza, mwe yaweereza okuva mu 1987 okutuuka mu 1996.<ref name="cas2018"/><ref name="diaspora">{{Cite web |date=29 November 2012 |title=Professor Mahmood Mamdani, Uganda's Leading Political Scholar & recipient Ugandan Diaspora Award 2012 |url=http://www.ugandandiaspora.com/professor-mahmood-mamdani-ugandas-leading-scholar-in-the-diaspora |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501023729/http://www.ugandandiaspora.com/professor-mahmood-mamdani-ugandas-leading-scholar-in-the-diaspora |archive-date=1 May 2021 |access-date=21 March 2013 |publisher=ugandandiaspora.com}}</ref><ref name="csds">{{Cite web |date=4 April 2018 |title=Mahmood Mamdani |url=https://www.csds.in/mahmood_mamdani_ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251004041545/https://www.csds.in/mahmood_mamdani_ |archive-date=4 October 2025 |access-date=7 November 2025 |website=CSDS}}</ref> Yaliko pulofeesa omugenyi ku [[:en:University of Durban-Westville|Yunivasite y’e Durban]] - [[:en:Westville, KwaZulu-Natal|Westville]] mu South Africa (okuva Gwoluberyeberye okutuuka mu Gwomukaaga 1993), ku [[:en:Nehru Memorial Museum & Library|Nehru Memorial Museum & Library]] e New Delhi (okuva Gwoluberyeberye okutuuka Gwomukaaga 1995), ne mu [[:en:Princeton University|Yunivasite y'e Princeton]] (1995–96).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vance |first=Dara |date=2015-11-20 |title=UK Committee on Social Theory Hosts Mahmood Mamdani |url=https://uknow.uky.edu/uk-happenings/uk-committee-social-theory-hosts-mahmood-mamdani |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=UKNow}}</ref> Mu 1996, yalondebwa okubeera omukulembeze w’entebe ya [[:en:Archibald Campbell Jordan|AC Jordan]] ey'ensoma y'Afirika mu [[:en:University of Cape Town|Yunivasite y’e Cape Town]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 March 2011 |title=UCT in war over 'bantu education' |url=http://mg.co.za/article/2011-03-11-uct-in-war-over-bantu-education |access-date=22 March 2013}}</ref> era ku ntandikwa ya 1997 n’afuuka akulira [[:en:Centre for African Studies|ekitongole ekinoonyereza ku by'ensoma y'Afirika]] (CAS).<ref name="uwn2018">{{Cite web |date=1 June 2018 |title=Mamdani returns to UCT centre as honorary professor |url=https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20180601110143611 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002101720/https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20180601110143611 |archive-date=2 October 2023 |access-date=7 November 2025 |website=University World News}}</ref> Yavaawo oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obutakkaanya n'abasomesa (abasinga obungi abazungu) ku bbago ly'ensoma ye ey'omusomo ogw'omusingi ku Afrika oguyitibwa "Problematising Africa".<ref name="cas2018"/><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mamdani |first=Mahmood |date=June 1, 1998 |title=Is African studies to be turned into a new home for Bantu education at UCT? |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/02533959808458649 |journal=Social Dynamics |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=63–75 |doi=10.1080/02533959808458649 |issn=0253-3952 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mamdani, eyalaga nti ensoma eriwo eya " [[:en:Bantu Education Act, 1953|Bantu studies]] " (mu kujjuliza ku kusomesa Abaddugavu wansi w'enfuga [[:en:Apartheid|y'obusosoze]] )<ref name="cas2018" /> yayimirizibwa era okukkakkana ng'alekulidde.<ref name="davis2017">{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Rebecca |date=23 August 2017 |title=Mahmood Mamdani: Sixteen years on, UCT's old nemesis returns to talk decolonisation |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2017-08-23-mahmood-mamdani-sixteen-years-on-ucts-old-nemesis-returns-to-talk-decolonisation/ |access-date=7 November 2025 |website=Daily Maverick}}</ref> "Ensonga ya Mamdani" ekyayogerwako mu kukubaganya ebirowoozo ku [[:en:Decolonization of higher education in South Africa|kununula amatendekero aga waggulu okuva mu nsoma y'abamatwale]]. Oluvannyuma yagamba nti teyalina busungu ku muntu yenna, era yalina enkolagana ennungi ekiseera kye yamalayo. Yagamba nti obutakwatagana bwali ku njawulo mu ndowooza n'addala ensengeka y’ensoma ku bikwata ku kusoma South Africa ng’ensi ya Afrika. Oluvannyuma (2018) yakomezebwawo nga pulofeesa ow’ekitiibwa asuutibwa. [ b ]<ref name="uwn2018" /> Mu 1999, Mamdani yalondebwa okuba dayirekita w’ekitongole ekikola ku by’okunoonyereza ku Afirika mu yunivasite ya Columbia, ekifo kye yalina okutuusa mu 2004.<ref name="uwn2018"/> Okuva olwo abadde asomesa eyo (nga 2025).<ref name="haag2025">{{Cite web |last=Haag |first=Matthew |last2=Goldberg |first2=Emma |date=27 June 2025 |title=The Parents Who Helped Shape Zohran Mamdani's Politics |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/26/nyregion/zohran-mamdani-parents-mira-nair.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251007172221/https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/26/nyregion/zohran-mamdani-parents-mira-nair.html |archive-date=7 October 2025 |access-date=7 November 2025 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Yaliko dayirekita w’ekitongole ekinoonyereza ku mbeera z’abantu ekya [[Makerere University, Uganda|Makerere Institute of Social Research]] (MISR) mu [[Kampala]], Uganda, okuva mu 2010 okutuuka mu 2022.<ref name="bio2"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile: Mahmood Mamdani |url=http://misr.mak.ac.ug/people/mahmood-mamdani |access-date=18 March 2013 |publisher=[[Makerere University]] |archive-date=2 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002055113/http://misr.mak.ac.ug/people/mahmood-mamdani |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Agaba |first=John |title=Mamdani talks about his research legacy and work at Makerere |url=https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20220329112608625 |access-date=22 May 2022 |website=University World News}}</ref> Okutuuka mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2025 [[:en:Columbia University#Academics|pulofeesa wa Herbert Lehman mu Gavumenti]] era pulofeesa ku nkula y'abantu, okusoma saayansi w'ebyobufuzi [[:en:African studies|n'okusoma ku Afirika]] ku [[:en:Columbia University|Yunivasite y'e Columbia]].<ref name="bio2" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Faculty Bio: Mahmood Mamdani |url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/anthropology/fac-bios/mamdani/faculty.html |access-date=21 March 2013 |publisher=[[Columbia University]]}}</ref> Era akola nga chancellor wa [[Kampala International University]] mu Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile: Mahmood Mamdani |url=https://kiu.ac.ug/news-page.php?i=press-release-kampala-international-university-kiu-appoints-prof-mahmood-mamdani-as-chancellor |access-date=24 August 2020 |publisher=[[Kampala International University]]}}</ref><ref>[https://kiu.ac.ug/news-page.php?i=press-release-kampala-international-university-kiu-appoints-prof-mahmood-mamdani-as-chancellor "Kampala International University (KIU) Appoints Prof. Mahmood Mamdani as Chancellor"]. ''kiu.ac.ug'' (Press release). Retrieved 3 April 2025.</ref> == Okunoonyereza n'okuwandiika == Mamdani yeemalira mu kunoonyereza ku byobufuzi bya Afirika n'eby'ensi yonna, [[:en:Colonialism|obufuzi bw'amatwale]] [[:en:Postcolonialism|n'oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bw'amatwale]], n'ebyobufuzi by'ebyenfuna. Ebitabo bye byekenneenya enkolagana wakati w'ebyobufuzi n'ebyobuwangwa, okugeraageranya [[:en:Colonialism|okufugibwa kw'amatwale]] okuva mu 1452, ebyafaayo by'entalo z'omunda [[:en:Genocide|n'ekitta bantu]] mu Afirika, [[:en:Cold War|Olutalo olw'Ensi Yonna olw'ebigambo]] [[:en:War on terror|n'olutalo ku butujju]], n'ebyafaayo by'eddembe ly'obuntu.<ref>vSneh, Itai Nartzizenfield (2008). [https://books.google.com/books?id=iax4AAAAMAAJ ''The Future Almost Arrived: How Jimmy Carter Failed to Change U.S. Foreign Policy''.] [[:en:Peter Lang (publishing company)|Peter Lang]]. p. 169. [[:en:ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780820481852|9780820481852]]</bdi>.</ref> Okunoonyereza kwe okw'omwaka 2016 kwatandikira ku kitabo kye eky'omwaka 1996, [[:en:Citizen and Subject|Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and the Legacy of Colonialism]].<ref>[http://polisci.columbia.edu/people/profile/96 "Mahmood Mamdani | Department of Political Science"]. ''polisci.columbia.edu''. Retrieved 21 January 2016.</ref> Mu kitabo ekyo, yagamba nti eggwanga eryafugibwa terisobola kutegeerwa nga tewekenenyeza bulungi eggwanga eryalifuga.Enkola y'obufuzi bw'amatwale mu Afirika yali eddamu okusoomoozebwa kw'ekibuuzo "ekikulu", era yagamba nti yafuuka "amawanga agaabuluziddwamu".<ref name=":0">Mamdani, Mahmood (1 January 1996). ''Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and the Legacy of Late Colonialism''. pp. 15–16. [[:en:ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/9780852553992|<bdi>9780852553992</bdi>.]]</ref> Kino kyali kikolebwa mu ngeri bbiri: ku ludda olumu nga bafuga butereevu, nga kino kyali kikolwa kya "buyinza" era nga kyali kigenderera okuggya abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo ku ddembe ly'obuntu eryali liweebwa abatuuze mu bitundu ebirala, ate ku ludda olulala nga bafuga mu ngeri etali y'abuteerevu, nga kino kyali kikolebwa mu byalo era nga kizingiramu okuyingiza "bannansi" mu "mateeka g'eggwanga" agaateekebwawo ab'obuyinza mu byalo, era nga kino yakiyita "obwannakyemalira obw'okugabanya obuyinza".<ref name=":0" /> Embeera eno yali "yakusika muguwa" era ng'erimu "engeri bbiri ez'obuyinza wansi w'obuyinza obumu".<ref name=":0" /> Oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bw'amatwale, ebibuga byali tebikyayawulamu bantu lwa langi naye ebyalo byali bikyafugibwa abakulembeze abaali mu nkwawa z'abafuzi b'amatwale, ka babe abakulembeze ab'ennono oba b'ebali bakwasizzaobuyinza nga balina ebiruubirirwa by'okufugisa omukono ogw'ekyuma.<ref>Clapham, Chris (1997). "Review: Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and the Legacy of Late Colonialism by Mahmood Mamdani'". ''Royal Institute of International Affairs''. '''73''': 606.</ref> Mu ngeri eno obukulembeze bwonna bwaleeta enjawukana mu mawnga era n'ekutondawo obukulembeze bwabwe obw'enjawulo obwannakyemalira.<ref>Mamdani, Mahmood (1 January 1996). ''Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and the Legacy of Late Colonialism''. [[:en:ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780852553992|9780852553992]]</bdi>.</ref> Mamdani yekennenya ebyafaayo mu South Africa ne Uganda okulaga nti obufuzi bw'amatwale bwakozesa obuyinza obuyitiridde era obuyinza obwo bweyongera okubaawo oluvannyuma lw'ameefuga.<ref>Mamdani, Mahmood (1 January 1996). ''Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and the Legacy of Late Colonialism''. p. 37. [[:en:ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780852553992|9780852553992]]</bdi>.</ref> Ng’asomooza endowooza eza bulijjo ku busosoze mu South Afrika nga ez’enjawulo, agamba nti [[:en:Apartheid|obusosoze mu mawanga]] bwali ngeri ya bulijjo ey’ettwale lya Bulaaya mu Africa, nga lizingiramu ensonga [[:en:Indirect rule|z’obufuzi obutali butereevu]] n’okukwatagana<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mamdani |first=Mahmood |date=1 January 1996 |title=Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and the Legacy of Late Colonialism |isbn=9780852553992 |pages=16–18}}</ref> Mu kitabo kye ekyafulumizibwa mu 2004 ekya ''Good Muslim, Bad Muslim: America, the Cold War, and the Roots of Terror'' Mamdani yagamba nti [[:en:Suicide attack|abeetuze]] balina okumanyibwa "ng'ekika ky'omujaasi" era nti balina "okutegeerwa mu ngeri y'effujjo ly'ebyobufuzi ery'omulembe guno okusinga okuvumwavumwa ng'akabonero k'obukambwe".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bickerton |first=James |date=2025-07-11 |title=Zohran Mamdani's father's remark about suicide bombers comes under scrutiny |url=https://www.newsweek.com/zohran-mamdani-father-remark-about-suicide-bombers-comes-under-scrutiny-2097793 |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=Newsweek |language=en}}</ref> Omuyivu omu yagamba nti kino si kuwagira kwettisa bbomu wabula kwekenneenya okwanenya '"okusalawo kwa Amerika ku nkola y'ensonga z'ebweru naddala mu kiseera ky'olutalo olw'ebigambo", okutondawo embeera [[:en:Islamic extremism|y'Obusiraamu obw'annalukalala]] [[:en:Political violence|n'effujjo mu byobufuzi]] " mwe byakulaakulanira.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Murray |first=Conor |date=Jul 11, 2025 |title=Mahmood Mamdani's Work Does Not Advocate Violence, Expert Says |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/conormurray/2025/07/11/sequoias-maguire-unfairly-targets-zohran-mamdanis-father-fellow-academic-says/ |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko bye bifulumiddde mu ''[[:en:London Review of Books|London Review of Books]]'' n'ekampuni ezifulumya ebitabo ebirala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mamdani |first=Mahmood |title=Mahmood Mamdani |url=https://www.lrb.co.uk/contributors/mahmood-mamdani |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=London Review of Books |language=en-GB}}</ref> Okusinziira ku CAS, ebiwandiiko bya Mamdani "bibadde bikulu mu kusomebwa abayizi abali ku misomo gyabwe egya undergraduate ne Postgraduate ku UCT ssaako n'okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku nsoma y'ebyafaayo n'ebyobufuzi bya Afirika, nga banonyereza ku nkwatagana wakati w'ebyobufuzi n'obuwangwa, okugerageranya obufuzi bw'amatwale, entalo ez'omunda mu ggwanga n'ekittabantu mu Afirika".<ref name="uwn2018" /> == Emirimu gy'emirala == Okuva mu 1998<ref name="bio2" /> oba 1999 okutuuka mu 2002, Mamdani yaweereza nga pulezidenti w'olukiiko olukulaakulanya okunoonyereza ku ssaayansi w'embeera z'abantu mu Afrika ([[:en:Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa|Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa]]).<ref name="cas2018" /> Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2001, yawa okwogera ku "Making Sense of Violence in Postcolonial Africa" mu lukungaana lwa [[:en:Nobel Prize|Nobel Centennial Symposium]] e [[:en:Oslo|Oslo]], Norway.<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2001 |title=Speech by Dr. Mahmood Mamdani: "Making Sense of Violence in Postcolonial Africa" |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/mediaplayer/index.php?id=1281 |access-date=24 March 2013 |publisher=Nobel Prize}}</ref> Mu Gwomwenda 2006, Mamdani yali omu ku boogezi abaayitibwa mu lukuŋŋaana lw’ekibiina kya [[:en:Ugandan North American Association (UNAA)|Uganda North American Association (UNAA)]] mu kibuga New York.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2006-09-05 |title=UNAA Convention was disorganised! |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1141390/unaa-convention-disorganised |access-date=2026-02-18 |publisher=New Vision (Kampala)}}</ref> Mu Gwokutaano 2011, mu kiseera ky'okwekalakaasa okwali mu kibangirizi kya Tahrir([[:en:Tahrir Square protests|Tahrir Square protests]]) mu kibuga [[:en:Cairo|Cairo]], Misiri, Mamdani yayitibwa okwogerako mu [[:en:American University of Cairo|Yunivasite y’Amerika e Cairo]]. Ng’ayogera eri abayizi mu [[:en:University of KwaZulu-Natal|yunivasite y’e KwaZulu-Natal]] mu South Africa mu 2012, kino yakigeraageranya n’obwegugungo obwaliwo mu Soweto ([[:en:1976 Soweto uprising|Soweto Uprising]]) mu 1976.<ref name="kwazulu2012">{{Cite web |date=24 April 2012 |title=Address on Receiving an Honorary Doctorate at the University of Kwazulu Natal |url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/mesaas/images/faculty/news/Mamdani%20commencement.pdf |access-date=21 March 2013 |publisher=[[Columbia University]]}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumi 2011, Mamdani (nga bali wamu ne Rhoda Ann Kanaaneh) y'eyali omwogezi omukulu mu lukungaana lw’eggwanga olwasooka olw’abayizi olwa [[:en:Students for Justice in Palestine|Students for Justice in Palestine]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Silver |first=Carly |date=2011-10-16 |title=Reporting live from the first-ever SJP National Conference |url=https://newvoices.org/2011/10/15/reporting-live-from-the-first-ever-sjp-national-conference/ |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=New Voices |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nathan-Kazis |first=Josh |date=2011-10-11 |title=Pro-Palestinian Student Activists Plan First National Conference |url=https://forward.com/news/144173/pro-palestinian-student-activists-plan-push/ |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=The Forward |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2017 yayitibwa okuwa omusomo ku lunaku lwa [[:en:TB Davie Memorial Lecture|TB Davie Memorial]] ku ddembe ly'okusoma mu Yunivasite y'e Cape Town, era emboozi ye, eyatuumibwa "Decolonising the Post-Colonial University" yaleetawo okukubaganya ebirowoozo kungi.<ref name="uwn2018" /><ref name="davis2017" /> Okuva mu Gwekkumineebiri 2017 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2018, Mamdani yaweereza nga Rajni Kothari Chair Professor mu [[:en:Centre for the Study of Developing Societies|Center for the Study of Developing Societies]] mu [[:en:Delhi|Delhi,]] Buyindi. Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja kye okuggwako, nga 4 Ogwokuna 2018 yawa omusomo gwa Rajni Kothari Chair ogutegekebwa buli mwaka, ogwatuumibwa "Okulowooza ku bwenkanya okuyita mu bumanyirivu bw'Afirika mu kyasa eky'amakumi abiri".<ref name="csds" /> Alabikidde mu firimu z’ebyafaayo ng’omukugu okugeza, ''[[:en:Rwanda: The Untold Story|Rwanda: The Untold Story]]'' (2014, [[:en:BBC|BBC]] ), ''The Dictator’s Playbook'' (2018, [[:en:PBS|PBS]] ) ne ''[[:en:How to Become a Tyrant|How to Become a Tyrant]]'' (2021, [[:en:Netflix|Netflix]]).<ref>{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.pbs.org/video/idi-amin-3ol3rz/|title=The Dictator's Playbook {{!}} Idi Amin {{!}} Episode 6|language=en|publisher=[[PBS]]|via=}}</ref> Yalabikira mu firimu ya [[:en:Cameo appearance|cameo]],mu firimu ya 2012 ''eya [[:en:The Reluctant Fundamentalist (film)|The Reluctant Fundamentalist]]'', eyakulemberwamu mukyala we.<ref>Nair, Mira (2012). ''[[:en:The Reluctant Fundamentalist|The Reluctant Fundamentalist]]''. [[:en:IFC Films|IFC Films]].</ref> Mu 2024, yeegatta ku [[:en:Gaza tribunal|Gaza Tribunal]], eyagenderera "okuzuukusa ebibiina by'obwannakyewa ku buvunaanyizibwa bwabyo n'okukomya ekittabantu kya Yisirayiri mu Gaza."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://gazatribunal.com/ |access-date=2025-12-07 |website=Gaza Tribunal |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251205224606/https://gazatribunal.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title='Gaza Tribunal' established in London to seek justice for war crimes in Gaza |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/-gaza-tribunal-established-in-london-to-seek-justice-for-war-crimes-in-gaza/3383887 |access-date=2026-01-07 |website=www.aa.com.tr}}</ref> == Okusiimibwa == Mu 2008, mu kunoonyereza okwakolebwa ku mutimbagano mu lwatu, Mamdani yalondebwa ng'owomwenda ku bantu abagezi abasinga mu nsi yonna ku lukalala lw'abagezigezi 100 okuva mu ''[[:en:Prospect (magazine)|Prospect Magazine]]'' (UK) ne ''[[:en:Foreign Policy|Foreign Policy]]'' (US).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090930143349/http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/prospect-100-intellectuals/ "The 2008 List"]. [[:en:Prospect (magazine)|Prospect Magazine]] (UK) / [[:en:Foreign Policy|Foreign Policy]] (US). 2008. Archived from [http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/prospect-100-intellectuals/ the original] on 30 September 2009.</ref><ref>"The World's Top 20 Public Intellectuals". ''Foreign Policy'' (167). Slate Group, LLC: 54–57. 2008. [[:en:EISSN (identifier)|eISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1945-2276 1945-2276]. [[:en:ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0015-7228 0015-7228]. [[:en:JSTOR (identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/25462318 25462318].</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu 2017, Mamdani yalondebwa okubeera [[:en:Corresponding Fellow of the British Academy|Omukwanaganya wa British Academy (FBA)]], ettendekero ly’eggwanga erya Bungereza erikola ku by’obuntubulamu ne ssaayansi w’embeera z’abantu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 July 2017 |title=Elections to the British Academy celebrate the diversity of UK research |url=http://www.britac.ac.uk/news/elections-british-academy-celebrate-diversity-uk-research |access-date=29 July 2017 |website=British Academy}}</ref> Mu Gwokutaano nga 28, 2018 ( [[:en:Africa Day|Africa Day]] ), Mamdani yalondebwa okuba pulofeesa ow’ekitiibwa mu Center for African Studies mu Yunivasite y’e Cape Town. Dayirekita wa CAS [[:en:Lungisile Ntsebeza|Lungisile Ntsebeza]], okulondebwa kuno yakuyita kwa "byafaayo mu bitongole", era nga kikulu mu nteekateeka y'okufuna obwetwaze bwa yunivasite m okuva mu kwekalakaasa kw'abayizi okwa " [[:en:Rhodes Must Fall|Rhodes Must Fall]] " mu Gwokusatu 2015. Abakulembeze b'abayizi bangi baali balaze obukulu bwa Ssikaala ya Mamdani, era okusinziira ku kino, UCT yandibadde ekola enkyukakyuka ez'omuggundu ku ntegeka y'ensoma.<ref name="cas2018" /><ref name="uwn2018" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Prof Mahmood Mamdani |url=https://humanities.uct.ac.za/african-studies/contacts/mahmood-mamdani |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251004041546/https://humanities.uct.ac.za/african-studies/contacts/mahmood-mamdani |archive-date=4 Oct 2025 |access-date=7 November 2025 |website=Faculty of Humanities}}</ref> === Engule n’okusunsulwa === * 1997: [[:en:Herskovits Prize|Herskovits Prize]] for ''[[:en:Citizen and Subject|Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and the Legacy of Colonialism]]''<ref name="cas2018" /> * 1999: [[:en:University of Cape Town|University of Cape Town]] Book Award for ''Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and the Legacy of Colonialism''<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130404065845/http://www.uct.ac.za/about/honours/bookaward/ "UCT Book Award"]. [[:en:University of Cape Town|University of Cape Town]]. Archived from t [https://www.uct.ac.za/about/honours/bookaward/ he original] on 4 April 2013. Retrieved 21 March 2013.</ref> * 2009: GDS Eminent Scholar Award from the [[:en:International Studies Association|International Studies Association]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=GDS Eminent Scholar Award Past Recipients |url=https://www.isanet.org/Programs/Awards/GDS-Eminent-Scholar/Past-Recipients |access-date=16 January 2019 |website=www.isanet.org}}</ref> * 2011: [[:en:H. F. Lenfest|Lenfest]] Distinguished Faculty Award.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121221034143/http://sipa.columbia.edu/news_events/announcements/MahmoodMamdaniFacultyAward04152011.html "Professor Mahmood Mamdani Recognized with Lenfest Award"]. [[:en:School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University|School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University]]. 15 April 2011. Archived from [http://www.sipa.columbia.edu/news_events/announcements/MahmoodMamdaniFacultyAward04152011.html the original] on 21 December 2012. Retrieved 21 March 2013.</ref> * 2012: Scholar of the Year at the 2nd Annual African Diaspora Awards for his immense contribution to African Scholarship<ref>{{cite web |date=19 November 2012 |title=Prof. Mamdani Is To Be Honored As "Scholar of the Year" At The Annual African Diaspora Awards NYC |url=http://misr.mak.ac.ug/news/prof-mamdani-be-honored-scholar-year-annual-african-diaspora-awards-nyc |access-date=21 March 2013 |publisher=[[Makerere University|MISR]]}}</ref> * 2012: Ugandan Diaspora Award 2012.<ref name="diaspora" /> * 2021: ''[[:en:Neither Settler Nor Native: The Making and Unmaking of Permanent Minorities|Neither Settler Nor Native: The Making and Unmaking of Permanent Minorities]]'' (2020), shortlisted for the [[:en:British Academy Book Prize for Global Cultural Understanding|British Academy Book Prize for Global Cultural Understanding]], and as "World History Finalist" by Association of American Publishers Awards for Professional and Scholarly Excellence ([[:en:PROSE Awards|PROSE Awards]]).<ref name="bio2" /> === Diguli ez’ekitiibwa === * 25 Ogwokutaano 2010: [[:en:University of Johannesburg|University of Johannesburg]], [[:en:DLitt|DLitt]] ([[:en:Honoris Causa|Honoris Causa]])<ref>[https://archive.today/20130421210222/http://www.uj.ac.za/EN/Newsroom/News/Pages/MahmoodMamdaniconferredwithanhonorarydoctorate201006222.aspx "Mahmood Mamdani conferred with an honorary doctorate"]. [[:en:University of Johannesburg|University of Johannesburg]]. May 2010. Retrieved 21 March 2013.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210501065506/http://www.codesria.org/IMG/pdf/Prof_Mahmood_Mamdani_Speech-2.pdf "Speech delivered by Professor Prof Mahmood Mamdani at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa"] (PDF). [[:en:CODESRIA|CODESRIA]]. 25 May 2010. Archived from [http://www.codesria.org/IMG/pdf/Prof_Mahmood_Mamdani_Speech-2.pdf the original] (PDF) on 1 May 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2013.</ref> * 24 Ogwomusanvu 2010: [[:en:Addis Ababa University|Addis Ababa University]], DLitt (Honoris Causa).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210501065507/http://www.codesria.org/IMG/pdf/Prof_Mahmood_Mamdani_Speech_2-2.pdf "Remarks on receipt of Honorary Doctorate at Addis Ababa University"] (PDF). [[:en:CODESRIA|CODESRIA]]. 24 July 2010. Archived from [http://www.codesria.org/IMG/pdf/Prof_Mahmood_Mamdani_Speech_2-2.pdf the original] (PDF) on 1 May 2021. Retrieved 21 March 2013.</ref> * 24 Ogwokuna 2012: [[:en:University of KwaZulu-Natal|University of KwaZulu-Natal]], DLitt (Honoris Causa)<ref name="kwazulu2012" /><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015502/http://www.ukzn.ac.za/docs/media-releases/graduation-2012.docx "Media Statement: UKZN To honour leading South Africans and women graduates excel"]. [[:en:University of KwaZulu-Natal|University of KwaZulu-Natal]]. 12 April 2012. Archived from [http://www.ukzn.ac.za/docs/media-releases/graduation-2012.docx the original] ([[:en:MS Word|MS Word]]) on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2013.</ref> == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Mamdani yawasa [[:en:Mira Nair|Mira Nair]], dayirekita wa firimu era pulodyusa Omuyindi ng’abeera mu Amerika, mu 1991. Baasooka kusisinkana mu [[:en:Nairobi|Nairobi]], Kenya, n’oluvannyuma ne baddamu mu Kampala, Uganda, mu 1989 Nair bwe yali akola okunoonyereza ku firimu ye, ''[[Mississippi Masala]].''<ref name=":1">Nair, Mira (2 December 2002). [https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2002/12/09/the-whirlwind "Whirlwind"]. ''[[:en:The New Yorker|The New Yorker]]'' (Interview). Interviewed by Lahr, John. [https://web.archive.org/web/20141022030926/http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2002/12/09/the-whirlwind Archived] from the original on 22 October 2014. <q>Published in the print edition of the December 9, 2002, issue.</q></ref><ref name="indian tele" /> Baagattibwa mu 1991. Mu 2025 Mamdani ne Nair babeera mu kitundu kya [[:en:Morningside Heights|Morningside Heights]] mu [[:en:Manhattan|Manhattan]], okumpi ne Yunivaasite y'e Columbia.<ref name="haag2025" /><ref>Goldberg, Emma (29 June 2025). [https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/26/nyregion/zohran-mamdani-parents-mira-nair.html "The High-Profile Parents Who Shaped an Upstart"]. ''[[:en:The New York Times|The New York Times]]''. p. A19. Retrieved 30 June 2025.</ref> Omwana wa Mamdani ne Nair omu yekka, [[Zohran Mamdani]], yazaalibwa mu Kampala mu 1991. Mu 1996 famire ye yasengukira e [[:en:Cape Town|Cape Town]], South Africa, Mamdani okutwala omulimu gw’okukulira enteekateeka y’okusoma eby'Afirika mu Yunivasite y’e Cape Town, era n’abeerayo okumala emyaka nga esatu.<ref name=":1" /> Nga mu mwaka gwa 1999 baagenda mu Amerika ne basenga mu New York.<ref name=":1" /> Zohran yafuuka munnabyabufuzi era abadde [[:en:Mayor of New York City|Meeya w'ekibuga New York]] okuva nga 1 Ogwoluberyeberye 2026, ng'abadde mmemba [[:en:New York State Assembly|w'olukiiko olukulu olw'essaza ly'e New York]] okuva mu 2021 okutuuka mu 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kitunzi |first=Yahudu |date=June 7, 2025 |title=Mamdani's mayoral goal puts Uganda on the map |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/mamdani-s-mayoral-goal-puts-uganda-on-the-map-5072356 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250609023734/https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/mamdani-s-mayoral-goal-puts-uganda-on-the-map-5072356 |archive-date=June 9, 2025 |access-date=June 7, 2025 |website=[[Daily Monitor|Monitor]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Muhumuza |first=Rodney |date=3 November 2025 |title=In Uganda, where Zohran Mamdani was born, NYC mayoral hopeful is recalled with pride |url=https://apnews.com/article/uganda-zohran-mamdani-mayor-election-new-york-d41260eeef2438498a3aa04118fbd2df |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=[[AP News]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>Helmore, Edward (1 January 2026). [https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2026/jan/01/zohran-mamdani-sworn-in-mayor-new-york-city "Zohran Mamdani sworn in as mayor of New York City".] ''The Guardian''. [[:en:ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077 0261-3077]. Retrieved 1 January 2026.</ref> Kampeyini ze ez'obwameeya zawagirwa bazadde be.<ref name="haag2025" /> == Ebyawandiikibwako == === Ebitabo === * ''The Myth of Population Control: Family, Class and Caste in an Indian Village'' (1972) * ''From Citizen to Refugee: Ugandan Asians Come to Britain'' (1973)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mamdani |first1=Mahmood |date=2011 |title=From Citizen to Refugee: Uganda Asians Come to Britain |url=https://archive.org/details/fromcitizentoref0000mamd |publisher=Pambazuka Press |isbn=9781906387570 |edition=Second}}</ref> * ''Politics and Class Formation in Uganda'' (1976)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mamdani |first1=Mahmood |date=1976 |title=Politics and Class Formation in Uganda |url=https://archive.org/details/politicsclassfor0000mamd |publisher=Monthly Review Press |isbn=9780853453789}}</ref> * ''Imperialism and Fascism in Uganda'' (1984)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mamdan |first1=Mohamad |date=1984 |title=Imperialism and Fascism in Uganda |publisher=Africa World Press |isbn=9780865430297}}</ref> * ''Academic Freedom in Africa'' (1994) * ''[[:en:Citizen and Subject|Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and the Legacy of Late Colonialism]]'' (1996)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mamdani |first1=Mahmood |date=1996 |title=Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and the Legacy of Late Colonialism |url=https://archive.org/details/citizensubjectco0000mamd |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=9780691027937}}</ref> * ''When Victims Become Killers: Colonialism, Nativism and Genocide in Rwanda'' (2001)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mamdani |first=Mahmood |date=28 January 2020 |title=When Victims Become Killers |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-19383-0 |language=en |doi=10.1515/9780691193830}}</ref> * ''Understanding the Crisis in Kivu''<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Books Collective: Understanding the Crisis in Kivu |url=https://www.africanbookscollective.com/books/understanding-the-crisis-in-kivu |access-date=22 May 2022 |website=www.africanbookscollective.com}}</ref> * ''Good Muslim, Bad Muslim: America, the Cold War and the Roots of Terror'' (2004)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mamdani |first=Mahmood |date=2002 |title=Good Muslim, Bad Muslim: A Political Perspective on Culture and Terrorism |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3567254 |journal=American Anthropologist |volume=104 |issue=3 |pages=766–775 |doi=10.1525/aa.2002.104.3.766 |issn=0002-7294 |jstor=3567254 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> * ''Scholars in the Marketplace. The Dilemmas of Neo-Liberal Reform at Makerere University, 1989–2005'' (2007)<ref>{{cite book |last1=Mamdani |first1=Mahmood |date=2007 |title=Scholars in the Marketplace. The Dilemmas of Neo-Liberal Reform at Makerere University, 1989-2005 |publisher=Codesria |isbn=9782869782013}}</ref> * ''[https://www.codesria.org/spip.php?article1292 Saviors and Survivors: Darfur, Politics, and the War on Terror]'' (2009)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Saviors and Survivors by Mahmood Mamdani: 9780385525961 {{!}} PenguinRandomHouse.com: Books |url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/106771/saviors-and-survivors-by-mahmood-mamdani/ |access-date=22 May 2022 |website=PenguinRandomhouse.com |language=en-US}}</ref> * ''Define and Rule: Native as Political Identity'' (The W.E.B. DuBois Lectures) (2012)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Define and Rule — Mahmood Mamdani |url=https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674050525 |access-date=22 May 2022 |website=Harvard University Press |language=en}}</ref> * ''[[:en:Neither Settler nor Native|Neither Settler nor Native: The Making and Unmaking of Permanent Minorities]]'' (2020) * ''Slow Poison: Idi Amin, Yoweri Museveni, and the Making of the Ugandan State'' (2025) === Emboozi ezikungaanyiziddwa === * ''Beyond Rights Talk and Culture Talk: Comparative Essays on the Politics of Rights and Culture'' (2000)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mamdani |first=Mahmood |date=2000 |title=Beyond Rights Talk and Culture Talk: Comparative Essays on the Politics of Rights and Culture |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yqb7wAEACAAJ |publisher=St. Martin's Press |isbn=978-0-312-23498-0 |language=en}}</ref> === Ebitabo ebisunsuddwa === * ''Uganda Studies in Labour'' (Codesria Book Series) (1968)<ref>{{Cite web |title=African Books Collective: Uganda Studies in Labour |url=https://www.africanbookscollective.com/books/uganda-studies-in-labour |access-date=22 May 2022 |website=www.africanbookscollective.com}}</ref> === Ebirala === * ''Studies in Labor Markets'' (National Bureau of Economic Research Universities-National Bureau Conference Ser) * ''African Studies in Social Movements and Democracy'' (Actes-Sud Papiers) == Laba ne == * [[:en:Indians in the New York City metropolitan area|Abayindi mu kibuga New York]] * [[:en:Ugandan Americans|Bannayuganda Abamerika]] == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebiwandiiko ebirala by'osobola okusomako == * {{cite web |last=Mamdani |first=Mahmood |date=15 July 2013 |title=In Conversation with Mahmood Mamdani |url=https://www.warscapes.com/conversations/conversation-mahmood-mamdani |website=Warscapes |interviewer-last=Shringarpure |interviewer-first=Bhakti}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * [https://academictree.org/math/peopleinfo.php?pid=183217 Mahmood Mamdani] at [[:en:Academic Tree|Academic Tree]] * [https://openlibrary.org/works/OL214797A?mode=all Mahmood Mamdani] at [[:en:Open Library|Open Library]] * [https://x.com/mm1124 X Profile] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] j164bt2ioqsgk8cl64fk0j2kw7l2yzl 0 13180 66791 61597 2026-08-05T18:31:35Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66791 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anthony Ochaya''' (25 Ogwekkumineebiri 1932 – 6 Ogwomusanvu 1998) Munnayuganda, munnabyabufuzi era omukugu mu by'enfuna. Yaliko Minisita w'enteekateeka n'enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna mu gavumenti ya [[:en:Uganda_National_Liberation_Front|Uganda National Liberation Front]] era nga yaliko ne kaminsona avunaanyizibwa ku by'enfuna mu [[:en:World_Bank|bbanka y'ensi yonna]].<ref name=":9">{{Cite book |last=Uwechue |first=Raph |year=1991 |title=Africa Whoʼs Who: 2nd Edition |isbn=978-0-903274-17-3 |location=London |language=en |oclc=962855596}}</ref> == Obuto bwe n’obuyigirize == === Obuto bwe === Anthony Ochaya yazaalibwa mu kibuga [[:en:Atiak|Atiak]], mu [[:en:Amuru_District|Disitulikiti y'e Amuru]] mu Bukiikakkono bwa [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] nga 25 Ogwekkumineebiri 1932. === Emisomo gye === Anthony Ochaya yatandika okusoma mu St. Joseph's Primary School, e [[:en:Gulu|Gulu]] mu Uganda. Oluvannyuma yeegatta ku St. Joseph's Secondary School era mu [[:en:Gulu|Gulu]], [[:en:Uganda_People's_Defence_Force|Uganda]] . Oluvannyuma yasomera mu St. Aloysisus College Nyapea e [[:en:Zombo,_Uganda|Zombo]], Uganda okuva mu 1952 okutuuka mu 1955, n’oluvannyuma n’atandika okukola diguli ye eya Bachelor of Arts mu 1956 okuva mu [[:en:Makerere_University|Ssettendekero wa Makerere]] mu [[:en:Kampala|Kampala]], [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]], n’atikkirwa mu [[:en:Makerere_University|Ssettendekero wa Makerere]] mu 1956.<ref name=":10">{{Cite book |year=1968 |title=Who's Who in East Africa, 1967–1968 |publisher=Marco Publishers |location=Nairobi}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == === Omulimu gwe yasooka okukola === Oluvannyuma lw’okutikkirwa mu [[:en:Makerere_University|yunivasite y’e Makerere]] mu 1956, Anthony Ochaya yakola ng’omukozi wa gavumenti mu bifo eby’enjawulo ebya wansi.<ref name=":15">{{Cite book |last=Phares M Mutibwa |first=D. Phil |title=Bank of Uganda: 1966–2006 A Historical Perspective |year=2006 |url=https://archive.org/details/bankofuganda19660000muti |publisher=Bank of Uganda |location=Sussex |page=[https://archive.org/details/bankofuganda19660000muti/page/409 409]}}</ref> Yasooka kukola ng'omuyambi wa kaminsona wa Disitulikiti mu [[:en:Moyo_District|Disitulikiti y’e Moyo]] mu [[:en:Northern_Region,_Uganda|Bukkikakkono]] bwa [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]], ekifo kye yalimu okutuusa mu 1960. Oluvannyuma yakola nga akulira ebikujjuko bya [[:en:Independence_of_Uganda|meefuga]] mu ofiisi ekwasaganya ebikujjuko bino esangibwa mu [[:en:Kampala|Kampala]], nga tannakyuka n’akola nga administrative officer mu ofiisi ya Katikkiro wa [[:en:Uganda_Protectorate|Uganda Protectorate]] wansi wa Katikkiro [[:en:Benedicto_Kiwanuka|Benedicto Kiwanuka]] okuva mu 1960 okutuusa 1962. Mu 1962, ekifo kya Katikkiro wa Uganda ettwale kyakyusibwa ne kifuulibwa [[:en:Prime_Minister_of_Uganda|Ssaabaminisita wa Uganda ettwaale]], kyokka ekifo kya Anthony Ochaya n’omulimu gwe yakola mu ofiisi ya Ssaabaminisita [[:en:Benedicto_Kiwanuka|Benedicto Kiwanuka]] byasigala bwe bimu wadde ng’erinnya ly’ekifo kino lyakyusibwa mu kukulembera [[:en:Independence_of_Uganda|ameefuga ga Uganda]] okuva mu Bungereza.<ref>{{Cite web |title=East Africa Living Encyclopedia: Uganda History |url=http://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/uhistory.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128075226/http://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/uhistory.htm |archive-date=28 November 2018 |access-date=16 November 2018 |website=www.africa.upenn.edu |publisher=African Studies Center: University of Pennsylvania}}</ref> Mu gavumenti ya [[:en:Milton_Obote|Milton Obote]] eyasooka, Anthony Ochaya yalina ebifo eby’enjawulo eby’omutendera ogwa wakati mu ggwanga lya [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] eryali lyakafuna obwetwaze. Mu 1962, yafuulibwa omuyambi w'omuwandiisi mu minisitule y’ebyensimbi. Mu 1963, yakolera mu minisitule y’ebyensimbi, nga tannalondebwa kubeera saabawandiisi mu minisitule y’ebyobulamu mu 1964. Yakola nga mu minisitule y’ebyobulamu okumala omwaka gumu nga tannagenda mu Minisitule y’okuteekateeka n’enkulaakulana y’abantu mu 1965. Oluvannyuma yaddayo mu minisitule y’ebyensimbi, n’akuzibwa n’afuuka omuwandiisi mu 1966. === Obuweereza bwe mu Bbanka y’Ensi Yonna === Mu 1966, Ochaya yava mu [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] n’agenda mu [[:en:Washington,_D.C.|Disitulikiti y’e Columbia]] mu Amerika okutwala ekifo mu kitongole ekikulaakulanya eby'enfuna mu [[:en:World_Bank|Bbanka y’ensi yonna]]. Yakolera mu [[:en:Philippines|Philippines]] Division ya [[:en:World_Bank|Bbanka y'ensi yonna]] oluvannyuma, ekifo kye yalimu okutuusa mu 1979 lwe yakomawo e [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]]. === Okudda kwe mu Uganda === Bwe yali ebweru w’eggwanga ng’akolera mu [[:en:World_Bank|Bbanka y’ensi yonna]] mu [[:en:Washington,_D.C.|Disitulikiti y’e Columbia]], Ochaya yatandika okwenyigira mu kibiina kya [[:en:Uganda_National_Liberation_Front|Uganda National Liberation Front]], ekibinja ky’abantu abamanyifu abasinga obungi mu buwanganguse abaali bawakanya enfuga y'oyo eyali Pulezidenti wa Uganda mu kaseera ako [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]] era nga baagala okuggya Idi Amin mu buyinza n’oluvannyuma okutandikawo mu bwangu gavumenti ey’abantu baabulijjo ey’ekiseera.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Byrnes |first=Rita M |year=1990 |title=Uganda: A Country Study |url=http://countrystudies.us/uganda/11.htm |publisher=The U.S. Government Publishing Office for the Library of Congress |location=Washington, DC |chapter=Uganda After Amin- The Interim Period: 1979–1980}}</ref> Ekibiina kya [[:en:Uganda_National_Liberation_Front|Uganda National Liberation Front]] bwe kyatwala obuyinza mu Gavumenti ya [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] obwali obw'ekiseera mu 1979, Anthony Ochaya yaddayo mu minisitule y'enteekateeka n'enkulaakulana y'ebyenfuna, ku mulundi guno gavumenti ya [[:en:Uganda_National_Liberation_Front|Uganda National Liberation Front]] yalondebwa nga Minisita w'enteekateeka n'enkulaakulana y'ebyenfuna.<ref name=":8">{{Cite news|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/199807080085.html|title=Uganda: Anthony Ochaya is Dead|last=Lakidi|first=Eric|date=8 July 1998|work=New Vision|access-date=5 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170428012510/https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/PeoplePower/Tracing-Democratic-Party-divisions-Nambooze-Mbidde/689844-3899188-format-xhtml-fdxv2oz/index.html|archive-date=28 April 2017}}</ref> Nga Minisita w’enteekateeka n’enkulaakulana y’ebyenfuna, Ochaya enfunda eziwera yalwanagana ne [[:en:Governor_of_the_Bank_of_Uganda|Gavana wa Bank of Uganda]] eyali yakalondebwa, [[:en:Gideon_Nkojo|Gideon Nkojo]]. Ensonga emu eyabaawulamu naddala ensonga y’ebbeeyi y’ebintu okulinnya. Ochaya yali ayagala abayizi ba [[:en:Makerere_University|Yunivasite y'e Makerere]] okukola okunoonyereza ku biki abyali biviiriddeko obwavu mu Uganda nga tebannaba kubinika emiwendo songa Nkojoyali ayagala kugyirawo ddala ebyo ebyali bitawaanya bannayuganda. Mu nkomerero, Minisita w’ebyensimbi yatabaganya enkaayana era n’agezaako okuddamu okutegeka eby'enfuna bya [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] okulwanyisa ebbeeyi y’ebintu, mu nkola eno n’agaziya obuyinza [[:en:Bank_of_Uganda|Bbanka ya Uganda]] bwe yalina ku by’enfuna bya Uganda. Mu 1984, Ochaya yatandikawo ekibiina kya Nationalist Liberal Party ng’ali wamu ne Tiberio Okeny Atwoma, [[:en:Cuthbert_Joseph_Obwangor|Cuthbert Joseph Obwangor]], ne Francis Bwengye.<ref name=":14">{{Cite news|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201210140440.html|title=Uganda: Veteran Democratic Party VP Dies, Aged 87|last=Aber|first=Patience|date=14 October 2012|work=New Vision|access-date=26 November 2018|last2=Langalanga|first2=Tony}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Nationalist Liberalist Party kyali kibiina ekyawukana okuva mu kibiina ekyali kivuganya gavumenti ekyali kikulembera mu kiseera ekyo, [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Democratic Party]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bute |first=Evangeline |year=2016 |title=The Black Handbook: The People, History and Politics of Africa and the African Diaspora |last2=Harmer |first2=H. J. P. |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-4742-9287-0 |page=272}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Nationalist Liberal Party kyatondebwawo nga kyanukula eyali akola nga Ssaabawandiisi w’ekibiina kya [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Democratic Party]] Tiberio Okeny Atwoma okusomooza [[:en:Paul_Kawanga_Ssemogerere|Paul Kawanga Ssemogerere]] ku bukulembeze bw’ekibiina kya [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Democratic Party (Uganda)]].<ref name=":14" /> Anthony Ochaya yakwata omulimu gw’omuwandiisi omukulu ow’ekibiina kya Nationalist Liberal Party bwe kyatondebwawo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Mugabe |first=Faustin |date=24 April 2017 |title=Tracing Democratic Party divisions since 1964 |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/PeoplePower/Tracing-Democratic-Party-divisions-Nambooze-Mbidde/689844-3899188-format-xhtml-fdxv2oz/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128034928/https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/PeoplePower/Tracing-Democratic-Party-divisions-Nambooze-Mbidde/689844-3899188-format-xhtml-fdxv2oz/index.html |archive-date=28 November 2018 |access-date=27 November 2018 |website=Daily Monitor}}</ref> Ekibiina kino kyali kya kaseera katono, era okukkakkana nga kiyungiddwa wamu n'ekibiina kya [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Democratic Party]] we gwatuukira mu 1986 nga Okeny azzeemu okwegatta ku [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Democratic Party of Uganda.]]<ref name=":0" /> == Ebimukwatako eby'omunda == Mu lutalo lwa [[:en:Uganda–Tanzania_War|Uganda Tanzania War]] olwali wakati wa Uganda ne [[:en:Tanzania|Tanzania]], waaliwo okuttibwa kw’abantu baabulijjo mu [[:en:Arua|Arua]] mu [[:en:Northern_Region,_Uganda|Bukiikakkono]] bwa Uganda. Abakozi ba gavumenti abawerako n’amaka agamu baasaba obukuumi okuva ku lutalo olwali mu lukuubo lwa White Rhino Tourist Hotel, gye battibwa. Anthony Ochaya ne minisita munne Moses Apilaga eyali akulembera Minisitule y'ebyamaguzi, bombi baalina "abooluganda abawerako" abaafiira mu bulumbaganyi buno.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mukasa. |first=Mutibwa, Phares |date=1992 |title=Uganda since independence : a story of unfulfilled hopes |publisher=Africa World Press |isbn=978-0-86543-356-4 |location=Trenton, NJ |oclc=28216159}}</ref> == Okufa kwe == Anthony Ochaya yaweebwa ekitanda mu [[:en:Mulago_Hospital|ddwaaliro e Mulago]] mu [[:en:Kampala|Kampala]], Uganda nga 24 Ogwomukaaga 1998, ku bigambibwa nti alina ekirwadde kya [[:en:Pneumonia|Pneumonia]] n’obulwadde [[:en:Kidney_disease|bw’ensigo]]. Yafa nga 6 Ogwomusanvu 1998. Yaziikibwa mu Agwe, ekyalo ekiriraanye [[:en:Gulu|Gulu]], Uganda. == Ebijuliziddwa ==   [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] jvh57y0rj6r8cs3ylgskuuqddo4bggd 0 13182 66809 53709 2026-08-05T18:51:10Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66809 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Andrew Joet Mukooza''' (21 Ogwomusanvu 1944 – 24 Ogwokuna 1979) yali muserikale wa magye ga Uganda era omugoba w'ennyonyi ennwaanyi era nga ye yasembayo okukulira eggye ly'omu bbanga [[:en:Ugandan_Air_Force|ery'amagye ga Uganda]] nga terinnazikirizibwa mu [[:en:Uganda–Tanzania_War|lutalo lwa Uganda ne Tanzania]] . Era yali muvuzi wa [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]] mu kiseera kye yafugiramu [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] . Mukooza yazaalibwa mu buvanjuba bwa Uganda, yeegatta ku ggye ly’omu bbanga ku [[:en:President_of_Uganda|mulembe]] gwa [[:en:Milton_Obote|Milton Obote]]. Oluvannyuma lwa Amin okutwala obuyinza mu 1971, Mukooza yasigala nga mwesigwa nnyo eri gavumenti ye, era ekyavaamu n’alinyisibwa amadaala. Oboolyawo yayamba Amin okuwangula [[:en:Operation_Mafuta_Mingi|okugezaako okuwamba gavumenti mu 1977]], ekyaleetera aboludda oluvuganya mu Uganda okunyiiga. Olutalo lwa Uganda ne Tanzania bwe lwabalukawo, Mukooza yasooka kubuusa misoni ng’omugoba w’ennyonyi ennwaanyi era n’afuuka akulira eggye lya Uganda Army Air Force bwe lyatandika okusasika wakati mu kufiirwa okw’amaanyi mu lutalo, okwewaggula, n’okudduka. Oluvanyuma lw’okuwangulwa kwa Amin, Mukooza yeewaayo eri gavumenti ya Uganda empya ewagirwa Tanzania, kyokka n’attibwa mu mbeera ezitaali nambulukufu. == Ebikwata ku bulamu bwe == === Obuto bwe n'emirimu === [[File:Idi_Amin_cropped.jpg|alt=Photo of Idi Amin in combat uniform in 1977|left|thumb|Mukooza yasituka ng’ayita mu kulinyisibwa amadaala ku mulembe gwa [[President of Uganda|Pulezidenti]] [[Idi Amin]] (mu kifanaanyi).]] Andrew Joet Mukooza yazaalibwa Yoramu Mukooza ne mukyala we Erina e Mbulamuti, [[:en:Busoga|Busoga]], [[:en:Uganda_Protectorate|Ettwale lya Uganda]] nga 21 Ogwomusanvu 1944. Kitaawe yatemulwa amangu ddala nga Andrew amaze okuzaalibwa, ekyavaamu nnyina okuddamu okufumbirwa mulamu we Gershom Mukooza okusinziira ku mpisa za Busoga. Andrew yagenda mu maaso n'asomera mu [[:en:Kiira_College_Butiki|Kiira College Butiki]] ne [[:en:Teso_College_Aloet|Teso College Aloet]]. Oluvannyuma lwa [[:en:History_of_Uganda_(1962–71)|Amefuga ga Uganda]] , Mukooza yeegatta ku ggye ly'omu bbanga erya [[:en:Ugandan_Air_Force|Uganda Army Air Force]] (UAAF), era n'asindikibwa mu [[:en:Soviet_Union|Soviet Union]] okutendekebwa ku [[:en:List_of_Mikoyan_and_MiG_aircraft|nnyonyi za MiG]] ezibuuka . Bwe yaddayo mu nsi ye, yatwalibwa mu [[:en:Gulu_Airport|ggye ly’omu bbanga e Gulu]] gye yasisinkanira Miriam Katumba, omusawo akolera mu ddwaaliro lya Gavumenti e Gulu. Ababiri bano baafumbiriganwa mu kaseera akamu wakati wa 1969 ne 1971 era ne bazaala abaana bana. Mu mwezi Gwolubereberye 1971, omuduumizi w’amagye [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]] [[:en:1971_Ugandan_coup_d'état|yasuula gavumenti]] ya [[:en:Milton_Obote|Milton Obote]] n’eyetekawo nga [[:en:President_of_Uganda|Pulezidenti wa Uganda]] . Obote yaddukira mu buwanganguse, gye yava ne yeekobaana okuddamu okufuna obuyinza. Mukooza yawona okulongoosebwa kw’ebyobufuzi okwaddirira, era n’alondebwa ng’omu ku bavuzi b’ennyonyi ya Amin empya [[:en:Grumman_Gulfstream_II|eya Grumman Gulfstream II]] ey’obwannannyini. Okuyiga engeri y'okubuusa ennyonyi ya Gulfstream II, Mukooza n'abavuzi b'ennyonyi abalala basatu baasindikibwa mu [[:en:United_States|Amerika]] okutendekebwa mu ttendekero ly'okuvuga ennyonyi, [[:en:Savannah,_Georgia|Savannah]], era ne bafuna layisinsi z'okuvuga ennyonyi ku [[:en:Vero_Beach,_Florida|Vero Beach]] . Abana bano baakomawo ne Gulfstream II mu 1974, kyokka ne bagenda mu maaso n’okutendekebwa n’abasomesa Abamerika. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Paul Murungi |date=8 December 2018 |title=General Kiiza: Chief Pilot For Six Presidents |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/Maj-Gen-Ali-Muhammed-Kiiza-Chief-pilot-six-presidents/688342-4886038-11558j8/index.html |access-date=22 April 2019}}</ref> Mukooza ekyaddirira yasenguka ne famire nagenda e [[:en:Entebbe|Entebbe]] . Yayongera okutendekebwa ku kisaawe ky’ennyonyi mu kitundu kapiteeni wa [[:en:Grumman|Grumman]], Tom Friedrich, ate Miriam n’atandika okukola mu ddwaaliro lya Entebbe Grade A. <ref name="Magembe" /> Obufuzi bwa Amin bwasigala nga tebuteredde, ng’abavuganya Pulezidenti n’abaali wansi we abatali bamativu bamukolako olukwe. Okugezaako okuwamba gavumenti okwali okwamaanyi kwaliwo mu Gwomukaaga 1977, ng’abajaasi ba Uganda abaali batabuse ne bakola olukwe ne Bannayuganda abaali mu buwanganguse okutta Amin. Okugezaako kuno okuwamba gavumenti, kwatuumibwa erinnya lya code " [[:en:Operation_Mafuta_Mingi|Operation Mafuta Mingi]] ", kwali kutegekeddwa bulungi, era katono kutuukirire. Ng’ebula essaawa ntono abaali mu lukwe lw'okuwamba gavumenti baayagala okukuba, ekitongole kya Uganda eky’ekyama, [[:en:State_Research_Bureau_(organisation)|State Research Bureau]] (SRB) kyategeezebwa ne kitaasa obulamu bwa Amin. Ng'obulumbaganyi tebunnakolebwa, Mukooza yali atuukiridde eyali munne Anthony Bazaalaki n’abavuzi b’ennyonyi abalala Abasoga abaali bavudde ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti. Baali bamusabye yeegatte ku kaweefube w’okutta omuntu, kyokka n’agaana. Oluvannyuma SRB yategeeza Amin nti Mukooza yali asigadde mwesigwa mu kiseera ky’okugezaako okuwamba gavumenti. Pulezidenti yasanyuka era n’akuza Mukooza n’afuuka [[:en:Lieutenant_colonel|Lieutenant colonel]] <ref name="Magembe" /> era omuduumizi w’ekibinja kya [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17|MiG-17]] mu Gwomunaana 1977. === Olutalo lwa Uganda–Tanzania n’okufa === [[File:Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-17_(19445401263).jpg|alt=Photo of a Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17 during the 2015 Oshkosh Air Show|right|thumb|Mukooza yabuusa ennyonyi MiG-17 (ekyokulabirako mu kifaananyi) mu [[:en:Air_campaign_of_the_Uganda–Tanzania_War|kampeyini z’omu bbanga mu lutalo lwa Uganda ne Tanzania]] .]] Obunkenke obwali bumaze ebbanga wakati wa Uganda ne Tanzania bwavaamu [[:en:Uganda–Tanzania_War|olutalo]] ku nkomerero ya 1978, oluvannyuma lw’amagye ga Uganda [[:en:Invasion_of_Kagera|okulumba Kagera salient]] mu mbeera ezitategeerekeka. Eggye lya Uganda Ery'omubbanga lyayambako okulumba nga lilumba ebifo eby’amagye n’abantu baabulijjo mu bukiikakkono bwa Tanzania. Pulezidenti Amin yennyini yalagira Mukooza ne munne Levi Mugyenyi okubuusa ennyonyi ya bbomu ne MiG17 yaabwe. Ababiri bano baakola omulimu guno, kyokka katono bakubibwe amasasi aba Tanzanian anti-aircraft fire. Wadde nga UAAF yafuba, Abatanzania baagoba obulumbaganyi ku Kagera ne baddamu okulumba. Uganda yawangulwa nnyo emirundi egiwerako, era amagye gaayo ag’omu bbanga ne gaggwaawo mpolampola. Eggye lya UAAF lyafiirwa nnyo mu Gwokubiri 1979, era omuduumizi waalyo omukulu [[:en:Christopher_Israel_Umba_Gore|Christopher Israel Umba Gore]] n’abulawo. Enkomerero ya Gore tennategeerekeka bulungi; oba yaddukira [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] oba yattibwa mu nkola ey'okuteega, n’aleka Mukooza ng’omuduumizi w’eggye ly’omu bbanga ery’amagye ga Uganda owakaseera. Mukooza yakitegeera nti gavumenti ya Amin yali egwa. Okusobola okukuuma amaka ge nga temuli bulabe, yabasindika e Kaababbi mu Busiro nga 25 Ogwokubiri 1979. Eggye lya [[:en:Tanzania_People's_Defence_Force|Tanzania People’s Defence Force]] (TPDF) bwe lyali lisemberera Entebbe, Mukooza yadduka mu kibuga n’ennyonyi nnamunkanga nga 6 Ogwokuna 1979, n’asengukira e Kimaka e Jinja. <ref name="Magembe" /> Lieutenant Colonel Cyril Orambi yasigala ng'avunaanyizibwa ku by'okwerinda bya Entebbe. [[:en:Battle_of_Entebbe|Olutalo lw'e Entebbe]] nga 7 Ogwokuna 1979 lwavaamu okusaanyaawo ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya UAAF. Obunkenke bwasaasaana ku nfo z’ennyonyi endala, era ebyasigalawo ku ggye ly’omu bbanga erya Uganda Army Air Force ne bisanyizibwawo ddala. Kino kyaleka Mukooza nga talina ngeri gy’ayinza kugenda mu maaso na lutalo, n’asigala e Jinja. <ref name="Magembe" /> Olutalo lwa Uganda–Tanzania lwe lwaggwa, UAAF yalekebwa nga esaanyiziddwaawo ddala. Ekibuga ekikulu [[:en:Fall_of_Kampala|Kampala kyagwa mu mikono gya]] TPDF n’abayeekera ba Uganda nga 10–11 Ogwokuna 1979, [[:en:Battle_of_Jinja|n’eddirirwa Jinja]] nga 22 Ogwokuna 1979. Mu kusooka nga teyeekakasa kya kukola, Mukooza yasalawo okwewaayo eri gavumenti empya eyali ewagirwa Tanzania mu Kampala nga 24 Ogwokuna. Yagenda mu kibuga ekikulu ng’akozesa pikipiki ya mukwano gwe okwewala okukwatibwa ku bifo amagye we bakeberera. Mukooza bwe yatuuka ku Nile Mansions, Kampala, yawerekerwa mu ofiisi ya [[:en:David_Oyite-Ojok|David Oyite-Ojok]], eyali akulira abajaasi ba [[:en:Uganda_National_Liberation_Army|Uganda National Liberation Army]] . Oyite-Ojok mu busungu yabuuza Mukooza lwaki teyegatta ku lukwe lwa Bazaalaki olukadde olw’okutta Amin mu 1977, ekyaleetera omugoba w’ennyonyi okuddamu nti yali agoberera mpisa ze ez’ekikugu ng’omujaasi. Oluvannyuma lw’okubuuzibwa ebibuuzo kuno, Oyite-Ojok yalagira munnamawulire wa Radio Uganda Mukalazi Kyobe okukwata ku by’okwewaayo kwa Mukooza. Oluvannyuma omuduumizi wa UAAF yattibwa mu nkukutu, omulambo gwe ne gusuulibwa mu kibangirizi [[:en:Mbuya_Military_Hospital|ky’eddwaliro ly’amagye e Mbuya]] . Okusinziira ku munoonyereza Muwonge Magembe, Bazaalaki yamatiza Oyite-Ojok okutegeka okumutta. Poliisi yanona omuniri gwe n’emutegeera okusinziira ku pamiti ye ey’okuvuga emmotoka. Wabula poliisi teyategeeza muntu yenna, mu kifo yawandiisa "omulambo gw'omusajja ogutategeerekese-omuwanvu omuddugavu" gwe baakwasizza eggwanika [[:en:Mulago_Hospital|ly'eddwaliro ly'e Mulago]] . Oboolyawo yaziikibwa mu ntaana y'abantu abangi e Bukasa okumpi ne Kirinya mu [[:en:Jinja_District|Disitulikiti y'e Jinja]] nga 2 Ogwokutaano 1979. <ref name="Magembe" /> Oluvannyuma famire ye yatandika okunoonya gy’ali. Elly Malagala ne Barnabas baganda be baavuga emmotoka ne bagenda mu maka ge Entebbe nga basuubira nti bajja kumusanga nga mulamu. Ennyumba ya Mukooza yali efuuse matongo okuggyako embwa etaayaaya, wabula yali enyagiddwa n’okwonoonebwa. [[:en:Grumman|Grumman]] Corporation nayo yanoonya Mukooza, kuba yalina okufuna ddoola za Amerika 20,000 okuva mu [[:en:Provident_fund|nsawo ya kkampuni eno ekola ku by’okulabirira abantu]] . Ekitongole kino kyakakasa okufa kwe mu 1988. == Obulamu bwe == Andrew Mukooza yalina bannyina abato babiri okuli Gertrude ne Kalivvamu n’abaana bana okuli Andrew, Becky, Thomas ne Peter. Yali mukwano gwa [[:en:Isaac_Lumago|Isaac Lumago]] ow'oku lusegere . == Ebiwandiiko == {{notelist}} == Laba ne == * [[:en:Ali_Kiiza|Ali Kiiza]] == Ebijuliziddwa == === Ebijuliziddwa === {{Reflist}} === Ebiwandiiko ebijuliziddwa === {{Refbegin}} * {{Cite book |last=Cooper |first=Tom |date=2015 |title=Wars and Insurgencies of Uganda 1971–1994 |last2=Fontanellaz |first2=Adrien |publisher=Helion & Company Limited |isbn=978-1-910294-55-0 |location=[[Solihull]]}} * {{Cite book |last=Rwehururu |first=Bernard |date=2002 |title=Cross to the Gun |publisher=Monitor |location=Kampala |oclc=50243051}} * {{Cite book |date=2010 |title=Uganda: The Bloodstained Pearl of Africa and Its Struggle for Peace. From the Pages of Drum |url=https://archive.org/details/ugandabloodstain0000seft |publisher=Fountain Publishers |isbn=978-9970-02-036-2 |editor-last=Seftel |editor-first=Adam |location=Kampala}} * {{Cite book |last=Voice of Uganda |date=19 September 1977 |title=Translations on Sub-Saharan Africa, No. 1803 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IFBEAQAAIAAJ&q=Mukooza |publisher=[[United States Joint Publications Research Service]] |location=Kampala |page=61 |chapter=President Amin promotes Air Force officers, 31 August 1977}} {{Refend}} h2iujgd6gfxxe9r74xe6ua1b326cabt 0 13184 66837 61904 2026-08-05T19:14:57Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66837 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Andrew Joet Mukooza''' (21 Ogwomusanvu 1944 – 24 Ogwokuna 1979) yali muserikale wa magye ga Uganda era omugoba w'ennyonyi ennwaanyi era nga ye yasembayo okukulira eggye ly'omu bbanga [[:en:Ugandan_Air_Force|ery'amagye ga Uganda]] nga terinnazikirizibwa mu [[:en:Uganda–Tanzania_War|lutalo lwa Uganda ne Tanzania]] . Era yali muvuzi wa [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]] mu kiseera kye yafugiramu [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] . Mukooza yazaalibwa mu buvanjuba bwa Uganda, yeegatta ku ggye ly’omu bbanga ku [[:en:President_of_Uganda|mulembe]] gwa [[:en:Milton_Obote|Milton Obote]]. Oluvannyuma lwa Amin okutwala obuyinza mu 1971, Mukooza yasigala nga mwesigwa nnyo eri gavumenti ye, era ekyavaamu n’alinyisibwa amadaala. Oboolyawo yayamba Amin okuwangula [[:en:Operation_Mafuta_Mingi|okugezaako okuwamba gavumenti mu 1977]], ekyaleetera aboludda oluvuganya mu Uganda okunyiiga. Olutalo lwa Uganda ne Tanzania bwe lwabalukawo, Mukooza yasooka kubuusa misoni ng’omugoba w’ennyonyi ennwaanyi era n’afuuka akulira eggye lya Uganda Army Air Force bwe lyatandika okusasika wakati mu kufiirwa okw’amaanyi mu lutalo, okwewaggula, n’okudduka. Oluvanyuma lw’okuwangulwa kwa Amin, Mukooza yeewaayo eri gavumenti ya Uganda empya ewagirwa Tanzania, kyokka n’attibwa mu mbeera ezitaali nambulukufu. == Ebikwata ku bulamu bwe == === Obuto bwe n'emirimu === [[File:Idi_Amin_cropped.jpg|alt=Photo of Idi Amin in combat uniform in 1977|left|thumb|Mukooza yasituka ng’ayita mu kulinyisibwa amadaala ku mulembe gwa [[President of Uganda|Pulezidenti]] [[Idi Amin]] (mu kifanaanyi).]] Andrew Joet Mukooza yazaalibwa Yoramu Mukooza ne mukyala we Erina e Mbulamuti, [[:en:Busoga|Busoga]], [[:en:Uganda_Protectorate|Ettwale lya Uganda]] nga 21 Ogwomusanvu 1944. Kitaawe yatemulwa amangu ddala nga Andrew amaze okuzaalibwa, ekyavaamu nnyina okuddamu okufumbirwa mulamu we Gershom Mukooza okusinziira ku mpisa za Busoga. Andrew yagenda mu maaso n'asomera mu [[:en:Kiira_College_Butiki|Kiira College Butiki]] ne [[:en:Teso_College_Aloet|Teso College Aloet]]. Oluvannyuma lwa [[:en:History_of_Uganda_(1962–71)|Amefuga ga Uganda]] , Mukooza yeegatta ku ggye ly'omu bbanga erya [[:en:Ugandan_Air_Force|Uganda Army Air Force]] (UAAF), era n'asindikibwa mu [[:en:Soviet_Union|Soviet Union]] okutendekebwa ku [[:en:List_of_Mikoyan_and_MiG_aircraft|nnyonyi za MiG]] ezibuuka . Bwe yaddayo mu nsi ye, yatwalibwa mu [[:en:Gulu_Airport|ggye ly’omu bbanga e Gulu]] gye yasisinkanira Miriam Katumba, omusawo akolera mu ddwaaliro lya Gavumenti e Gulu. Ababiri bano baafumbiriganwa mu kaseera akamu wakati wa 1969 ne 1971 era ne bazaala abaana bana. Mu mwezi Gwolubereberye 1971, omuduumizi w’amagye [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]] [[:en:1971_Ugandan_coup_d'état|yasuula gavumenti]] ya [[:en:Milton_Obote|Milton Obote]] n’eyetekawo nga [[:en:President_of_Uganda|Pulezidenti wa Uganda]] . Obote yaddukira mu buwanganguse, gye yava ne yeekobaana okuddamu okufuna obuyinza. Mukooza yawona okulongoosebwa kw’ebyobufuzi okwaddirira, era n’alondebwa ng’omu ku bavuzi b’ennyonyi ya Amin empya [[:en:Grumman_Gulfstream_II|eya Grumman Gulfstream II]] ey’obwannannyini. Okuyiga engeri y'okubuusa ennyonyi ya Gulfstream II, Mukooza n'abavuzi b'ennyonyi abalala basatu baasindikibwa mu [[:en:United_States|Amerika]] okutendekebwa mu ttendekero ly'okuvuga ennyonyi, [[:en:Savannah,_Georgia|Savannah]], era ne bafuna layisinsi z'okuvuga ennyonyi ku [[:en:Vero_Beach,_Florida|Vero Beach]] . Abana bano baakomawo ne Gulfstream II mu 1974, kyokka ne bagenda mu maaso n’okutendekebwa n’abasomesa Abamerika. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Paul Murungi |date=8 December 2018 |title=General Kiiza: Chief Pilot For Six Presidents |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/Maj-Gen-Ali-Muhammed-Kiiza-Chief-pilot-six-presidents/688342-4886038-11558j8/index.html |access-date=22 April 2019}}</ref> Mukooza ekyaddirira yasenguka ne famire nagenda e [[:en:Entebbe|Entebbe]] . Yayongera okutendekebwa ku kisaawe ky’ennyonyi mu kitundu kapiteeni wa [[:en:Grumman|Grumman]], Tom Friedrich, ate Miriam n’atandika okukola mu ddwaaliro lya Entebbe Grade A. <ref name="Magembe" /> Obufuzi bwa Amin bwasigala nga tebuteredde, ng’abavuganya Pulezidenti n’abaali wansi we abatali bamativu bamukolako olukwe. Okugezaako okuwamba gavumenti okwali okwamaanyi kwaliwo mu Gwomukaaga 1977, ng’abajaasi ba Uganda abaali batabuse ne bakola olukwe ne Bannayuganda abaali mu buwanganguse okutta Amin. Okugezaako kuno okuwamba gavumenti, kwatuumibwa erinnya lya code " [[:en:Operation_Mafuta_Mingi|Operation Mafuta Mingi]] ", kwali kutegekeddwa bulungi, era katono kutuukirire. Ng’ebula essaawa ntono abaali mu lukwe lw'okuwamba gavumenti baayagala okukuba, ekitongole kya Uganda eky’ekyama, [[:en:State_Research_Bureau_(organisation)|State Research Bureau]] (SRB) kyategeezebwa ne kitaasa obulamu bwa Amin. Ng'obulumbaganyi tebunnakolebwa, Mukooza yali atuukiridde eyali munne Anthony Bazaalaki n’abavuzi b’ennyonyi abalala Abasoga abaali bavudde ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti. Baali bamusabye yeegatte ku kaweefube w’okutta omuntu, kyokka n’agaana. Oluvannyuma SRB yategeeza Amin nti Mukooza yali asigadde mwesigwa mu kiseera ky’okugezaako okuwamba gavumenti. Pulezidenti yasanyuka era n’akuza Mukooza n’afuuka [[:en:Lieutenant_colonel|Lieutenant colonel]] <ref name="Magembe" /> era omuduumizi w’ekibinja kya [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17|MiG-17]] mu Gwomunaana 1977. === Olutalo lwa Uganda–Tanzania n’okufa === [[File:Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-17_(19445401263).jpg|alt=Photo of a Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17 during the 2015 Oshkosh Air Show|right|thumb|Mukooza yabuusa ennyonyi MiG-17 (ekyokulabirako mu kifaananyi) mu [[:en:Air_campaign_of_the_Uganda–Tanzania_War|kampeyini z’omu bbanga mu lutalo lwa Uganda ne Tanzania]] .]] Obunkenke obwali bumaze ebbanga wakati wa Uganda ne Tanzania bwavaamu [[:en:Uganda–Tanzania_War|olutalo]] ku nkomerero ya 1978, oluvannyuma lw’amagye ga Uganda [[:en:Invasion_of_Kagera|okulumba Kagera salient]] mu mbeera ezitategeerekeka. Eggye lya Uganda Ery'omubbanga lyayambako okulumba nga lilumba ebifo eby’amagye n’abantu baabulijjo mu bukiikakkono bwa Tanzania. Pulezidenti Amin yennyini yalagira Mukooza ne munne Levi Mugyenyi okubuusa ennyonyi ya bbomu ne MiG17 yaabwe. Ababiri bano baakola omulimu guno, kyokka katono bakubibwe amasasi aba Tanzanian anti-aircraft fire. Wadde nga UAAF yafuba, Abatanzania baagoba obulumbaganyi ku Kagera ne baddamu okulumba. Uganda yawangulwa nnyo emirundi egiwerako, era amagye gaayo ag’omu bbanga ne gaggwaawo mpolampola. Eggye lya UAAF lyafiirwa nnyo mu Gwokubiri 1979, era omuduumizi waalyo omukulu [[:en:Christopher_Israel_Umba_Gore|Christopher Israel Umba Gore]] n’abulawo. Enkomerero ya Gore tennategeerekeka bulungi; oba yaddukira [[:en:Sudan|Sudan]] oba yattibwa mu nkola ey'okuteega, n’aleka Mukooza ng’omuduumizi w’eggye ly’omu bbanga ery’amagye ga Uganda owakaseera. Mukooza yakitegeera nti gavumenti ya Amin yali egwa. Okusobola okukuuma amaka ge nga temuli bulabe, yabasindika e Kaababbi mu Busiro nga 25 Ogwokubiri 1979. Eggye lya [[:en:Tanzania_People's_Defence_Force|Tanzania People’s Defence Force]] (TPDF) bwe lyali lisemberera Entebbe, Mukooza yadduka mu kibuga n’ennyonyi nnamunkanga nga 6 Ogwokuna 1979, n’asengukira e Kimaka e Jinja. <ref name="Magembe" /> Lieutenant Colonel Cyril Orambi yasigala ng'avunaanyizibwa ku by'okwerinda bya Entebbe. [[:en:Battle_of_Entebbe|Olutalo lw'e Entebbe]] nga 7 Ogwokuna 1979 lwavaamu okusaanyaawo ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya UAAF. Obunkenke bwasaasaana ku nfo z’ennyonyi endala, era ebyasigalawo ku ggye ly’omu bbanga erya Uganda Army Air Force ne bisanyizibwawo ddala. Kino kyaleka Mukooza nga talina ngeri gy’ayinza kugenda mu maaso na lutalo, n’asigala e Jinja. <ref name="Magembe" /> Olutalo lwa Uganda–Tanzania lwe lwaggwa, UAAF yalekebwa nga esaanyiziddwaawo ddala. Ekibuga ekikulu [[:en:Fall_of_Kampala|Kampala kyagwa mu mikono gya]] TPDF n’abayeekera ba Uganda nga 10–11 Ogwokuna 1979, [[:en:Battle_of_Jinja|n’eddirirwa Jinja]] nga 22 Ogwokuna 1979. Mu kusooka nga teyeekakasa kya kukola, Mukooza yasalawo okwewaayo eri gavumenti empya eyali ewagirwa Tanzania mu Kampala nga 24 Ogwokuna. Yagenda mu kibuga ekikulu ng’akozesa pikipiki ya mukwano gwe okwewala okukwatibwa ku bifo amagye we bakeberera. Mukooza bwe yatuuka ku Nile Mansions, Kampala, yawerekerwa mu ofiisi ya [[:en:David_Oyite-Ojok|David Oyite-Ojok]], eyali akulira abajaasi ba [[:en:Uganda_National_Liberation_Army|Uganda National Liberation Army]] . Oyite-Ojok mu busungu yabuuza Mukooza lwaki teyegatta ku lukwe lwa Bazaalaki olukadde olw’okutta Amin mu 1977, ekyaleetera omugoba w’ennyonyi okuddamu nti yali agoberera mpisa ze ez’ekikugu ng’omujaasi. Oluvannyuma lw’okubuuzibwa ebibuuzo kuno, Oyite-Ojok yalagira munnamawulire wa Radio Uganda Mukalazi Kyobe okukwata ku by’okwewaayo kwa Mukooza. Oluvannyuma omuduumizi wa UAAF yattibwa mu nkukutu, omulambo gwe ne gusuulibwa mu kibangirizi [[:en:Mbuya_Military_Hospital|ky’eddwaliro ly’amagye e Mbuya]] . Okusinziira ku munoonyereza Muwonge Magembe, Bazaalaki yamatiza Oyite-Ojok okutegeka okumutta. Poliisi yanona omuniri gwe n’emutegeera okusinziira ku pamiti ye ey’okuvuga emmotoka. Wabula poliisi teyategeeza muntu yenna, mu kifo yawandiisa "omulambo gw'omusajja ogutategeerekese-omuwanvu omuddugavu" gwe baakwasizza eggwanika [[:en:Mulago_Hospital|ly'eddwaliro ly'e Mulago]] . Oboolyawo yaziikibwa mu ntaana y'abantu abangi e Bukasa okumpi ne Kirinya mu [[:en:Jinja_District|Disitulikiti y'e Jinja]] nga 2 Ogwokutaano 1979. <ref name="Magembe" /> Oluvannyuma famire ye yatandika okunoonya gy’ali. Elly Malagala ne Barnabas baganda be baavuga emmotoka ne bagenda mu maka ge Entebbe nga basuubira nti bajja kumusanga nga mulamu. Ennyumba ya Mukooza yali efuuse matongo okuggyako embwa etaayaaya, wabula yali enyagiddwa n’okwonoonebwa. [[:en:Grumman|Grumman]] Corporation nayo yanoonya Mukooza, kuba yalina okufuna ddoola za Amerika 20,000 okuva mu [[:en:Provident_fund|nsawo ya kkampuni eno ekola ku by’okulabirira abantu]] . Ekitongole kino kyakakasa okufa kwe mu 1988. == Obulamu bwe == Andrew Mukooza yalina bannyina abato babiri okuli Gertrude ne Kalivvamu n’abaana bana okuli Andrew, Becky, Thomas ne Peter. Yali mukwano gwa [[:en:Isaac_Lumago|Isaac Lumago]] ow'oku lusegere . == Ebiwandiiko == {{notelist}} == Laba ne == * [[:en:Ali_Kiiza|Ali Kiiza]] == Ebijuliziddwa == === Ebijuliziddwa === {{Reflist}} === Ebiwandiiko ebijuliziddwa === {{Refbegin}} * {{Cite book |last=Cooper |first=Tom |date=2015 |title=Wars and Insurgencies of Uganda 1971–1994 |last2=Fontanellaz |first2=Adrien |publisher=Helion & Company Limited |isbn=978-1-910294-55-0 |location=[[Solihull]]}} * {{Cite book |last=Rwehururu |first=Bernard |date=2002 |title=Cross to the Gun |publisher=Monitor |location=Kampala |oclc=50243051}} * {{Cite book |date=2010 |title=Uganda: The Bloodstained Pearl of Africa and Its Struggle for Peace. From the Pages of Drum |url=https://archive.org/details/ugandabloodstain0000seft |publisher=Fountain Publishers |isbn=978-9970-02-036-2 |editor-last=Seftel |editor-first=Adam |location=Kampala}} * {{Cite book |last=Voice of Uganda |date=19 September 1977 |title=Translations on Sub-Saharan Africa, No. 1803 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IFBEAQAAIAAJ&q=Mukooza |publisher=[[United States Joint Publications Research Service]] |location=Kampala |page=61 |chapter=President Amin promotes Air Force officers, 31 August 1977}} {{Refend}} [[Category:Bannamawulire mu Uganda]] 4prklmu0fn3x0my55ygd4ktiaz3jm3x 0 13189 66817 54895 2026-08-05T18:59:12Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66817 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cuthbert Joseph Obwangor''' (1 Ogwekkuminogumu 1920 – 19 Ogwokutaano 2012) Munnayuganda eyali minisita era omubaka wa Paalamenti mu Uganda okumala ebbanga. Yali minisita era [[:en:Political_prisoner|omusibe w’ebyobufuzi]] mu gavumenti ya [[:en:Milton_Obote|Apollo Milton Obote]] oluvannyuma lw’okuwakanya Obote okwongezaayo obuyinza nga Obwangor akyali minisita.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Mubangizi |first=Michael |date=22 May 2012 |title=Feature: The life and times of Cuthbert Obwangor |url=https://www.observer.ug/features-sp-2084439083/57-feature/18873-feature-the-life-and-times-of-cuthbert-obwangor |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420032434/https://www.observer.ug/features-sp-2084439083/57-feature/18873-feature-the-life-and-times-of-cuthbert-obwangor |archive-date=2019-04-20 |access-date=20 April 2019 |work=The Observer}}</ref> == Obuto bwe == Cuthbert Joseph Obwangor yazaalibwa ku kyalo Kiiya, mu Muluka gwa Omasia mu [[:en:Katakwi_District|Disitulikiti y'e Katakwi]], mu [[:en:Eastern_Region,_Uganda|Buvanjuba bwa Uganda]] nga 1 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1920.<ref name=":9">{{Cite book |year=1968 |title=Who's Who in East Africa 1967–68 |publisher=Marco Publishing Ltd, Nairobi |edition=First |location=Nairobi |pages=238}}</ref> Ava lu lubu lwa [[:en:Teso_people|Iteso]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Odongtho |first=Charles |title=Museveni Mourns Former Minister Obwangor |url=http://ugandaradionetwork.com/story/museveni-mourns-former-minister-obwangor |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190420032240/https://ugandaradionetwork.com/story/museveni-mourns-former-minister-obwangor |archive-date=2019-04-20 |access-date=20 April 2019 |website=Uganda Radio Network}}</ref> === Emisomo gye === Yasomera mu ssomero lya [[:en:Ngora|Ngora]] [[:en:Catholic_Church|Catholic Church]] Primary School. Oluvannyuma ne yegatta Nyenga Seminary, oluvannyuma n'agenda mu [[:en:Namilyango_College|Namilyango College]] okuva mu 1939 okutuuka mu 1941, [[:en:City_College_Coventry|City College Coventry]] n'essomero lya Railway Traffic School e [[:en:Nairobi|Nairobi]], [[:en:Kenya|Kenya]] okuva mu 1942 okutuuka mu 1946.<ref name=":8">{{Cite book |last=Wilson |first=E. G. |year=1966 |title=Who's Who in East Africa 1965 – 1966 |publisher=Marco Publishers (Africa) Limited |location=[[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]] |pages=390}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == === Bizinensi === Oluvannyuma lw’okutikkirwa mu ssomero ly’ebidduka by’eggaali y’omukka erya Railway Traffic School, Obwangor yakolera e Kenya mu kitongole ky’eggaali y’omukka ekya [[:en:East_African_Railways_and_Harbours_Corporation|East African Railways and Harbors Corporation]] nga tannadda mu Uganda mu 1951.<ref name=":14">{{Cite book |last=Deutsche Afrika-Gesellschaft |year=1965 |title=Afrikanische Köpfe 1962–1965 |publisher=27 Lieferungen, Bonn}}</ref> Yasooka kuyingira eby'obufuzi mu Kenya, bwe yali akolera [[:en:Jomo_Kenyatta|Jomo Kenyatta]] n’olukiiko olufuzi olwa [[:en:Kenya_African_National_Union|Kenya African National Union]]. Bwe yakomawo mu [[:en:Teso_sub-region|Ttundu ttundu lye Teso]], yafuuka omusuubuzi omututumufu mu Magoro naddala mu katale k’e Magoro gye yazimba n’okuddukanya ekifo awalirwa emmere.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Friis-Hansen |first=Esbern |date=12 July 2017 |title=Decentralized Governance of Adaptation to Climate Change in Africa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TxwxDwAAQBAJ&q=magoro+teso&pg=PA123 |publisher=CABI |isbn=9781786390769 |language=en}}</ref> === Omulimu gw’ebyobufuzi === ==== Nga Uganda tennafuna Mefuga ==== Mu 1952, Obwangor yayingira [[:en:Politics_of_Uganda|eby'obufuzi bya Uganda]] . Yalondebwa ku lukiiko lwa Disitulikiti y'e [[:en:Teso_sub-region|Teso]] era n'alondebwa okukiikirira Disitulikiti y'e [[:en:Teso_sub-region|Teso]] mu lukiiko lw'ababaka ba Paalamenti olwa [[:en:Uganda_Legislative_Council|Uganda Legislative Council]] olwasooka mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] mu kiseera [[:en:British_Empire|ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale ga Bungereza]] nga [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] ye [[:en:Uganda_Protectorate|Uganda Ettwaale]]. Yali mmemba eyatandikawo ekibiina kya [[:en:Uganda_National_Congress|Uganda National Congress]], ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekyasooka mu mateeka mu Uganda ng'oluvannyuma kyafuulibwa [[:en:Uganda_People's_Congress|Uganda People's Congress]] mu 1960.<ref name=":10">{{Cite book |last=Apter |first=D E |year=1961 |title=The Political Kingdom in Uganda |url=https://archive.org/details/politicalkingdom0000apte |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |location=[[Princeton, New Jersey|Princeton]], [[New Jersey]] |pages=[https://archive.org/details/politicalkingdom0000apte/page/334 334]}}</ref> ==== Gavumenti ya Obote ==== Oluvannyuma lwa [[:en:Independence_of_Uganda|Uganda okufuna obwetwaze]], [[:en:Uganda_Legislative_Council|olukiiko lw’ababaka ba Uganda]] olwa [[:en:Uganda_Protectorate|Uganda Ettwaale]] lwasatululwa ku Lwokubiri nga 9 Ogwomwenda 1962, ne lukyusibwa ku Lwokusatu nga 10 Ogwomwenda 1962 [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] eyetongodde eya [[:en:Republic_of_Uganda|Republic of Uganda]] eyakafuna obwetwaze.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2016 |title=History of Parliament |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/page/history-parliament |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421214401/https://www.parliament.go.ug/page/history-parliament |archive-date=21 April 2019 |access-date=21 April 2019 |website=Parliament of the Republic of Uganda}}</ref> Obwangor yaddamu okukiikirira [[:en:Teso_people|Teso]] mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]]. Enkaayana z’amawanga zaali zitiisa okubuna oluvannyuma lw’okwefuga kwa Uganda, era amawanga gaali gatuuma amannya ga bakabaka okulwanirira amawanga gaabwe, era [[:en:Teso_people|Abateeso]] abaali tebalina kabaka mu buwangwa ne bagezaako okutuuma Obwangor erinnya lya Kabaka wa Teso, kyokka Obwangor n’agaana kubanga yali yeewaddeyo eri Uganda erimu amawanga amangi.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mwakikagile |first=Godfrey |date=February 2013 |title=Uganda: A Nation in Transition : Post-colonial Analysis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g2myl6FNC3UC&q=Ugandan&pg=PA12 |publisher=New Africa Press |isbn=9789987160358 |language=en}}</ref> Obwangor yali mmemba eyeewaddeyo mu kibiina kya [[:en:Uganda_People's_Congress|Uganda People's Congress]], ekibiina kya Pulezidenti [[:en:Milton_Obote|Apollo Milton Obote]] ekyava mu kibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekya [[:en:Uganda_National_Congress|Uganda National Congress]] nga tebannaba kwefuga. Obwangor yaweereza ng'omuwanika w'ekibiina kya [[:en:Uganda_People's_Congress|Uganda People's Congress]] okuva ekibiina kino lwe kyatondebwawo mu 1960 okutuuka mu 1967, mu kiseera ekyo yalabirira ensimbi z'okuzimba ekizimbe kya Uganda House. Ku mulembe gwa [[:en:Milton_Obote|Apollo Milton Obote]], Obwangor yaweereza mu bifo bya baminisita bingi ng’ekitundu ku kabineti ye. [[:en:Milton_Obote|Apollo Milton Obote]] yadda mu bigere bya [[:en:Benedicto_Kiwanuka|Benedicto Kiwanuka]], Apollo Milton Obote yalonda Obwangor okubeera Minisita w’ensonga z’ebitundu, eyatwala obuvunaanyizibwa bwa [[:en:List_of_Ministers_of_Internal_Affairs_of_Uganda|Minisitule y’ensonga z’omunda]] okumala akaseera katono.<ref name=":152">{{Cite web |date=3 August 2012 |title=Uganda's first cabinet ministers in 1962 |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/ugandaat50/Uganda-s-first-cabinet-ministers-in-1962/1370466-1469962-1bm1yh/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408154705/https://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/ugandaat50/Uganda-s-first-cabinet-ministers-in-1962/1370466-1469962-1bm1yh/index.html |archive-date=8 April 2019 |access-date=8 April 2019 |website=Daily Monitor}}</ref> [[:en:Felix_Kenyi_Onama|Felix Kenyi Onama]] naye asobola okwewozaako ku kifo kya Minisita w’ensonga z’omunda wakati wa 1962 ne 1964, anti yeyali Minisita w’emirimu n’abakozi. Omulimu ogwo gwatwala obumu ku buvunaanyizibwa obulala obwa Minisita w'ensonga z'omunda ng'okukulembera poliisi ya Uganda eyali emanyikiddwa nga [[:en:Uganda_National_Police|Uganda National Police Force]].<ref name=":162">{{Cite book |last=Taylor |first=Sidney |date=1967 |title=The New Africans: A Guide to the Contemporary History of Emergent Africa and Its Leaders |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qYcaAAAAIAAJ |publisher=Putnam |language=en}}</ref> Obwangor ne [[:en:Felix_Onama|Felix Kenyi Onama]] baasikirwa mu mirimu gyabwe mu 1964 [[:en:Basil_Kiiza_Bataringaya|Basil Kiiza Bataringaya]], eyali alondeddwa okukulira Minisitule y'ensonga z'omunda eyali y'akatondebwawo, oluvannyuma n'etuumibwa [[:en:List_of_Ministers_of_Internal_Affairs_of_Uganda|Minisitule y'ensonga z'omunda]]. Bataringaya yakwata omulimu guno oluvannyuma lw’okukyusakyusa ebibiina n’ayingira gavumenti ya Obote.<ref name=":172">{{Cite book |last=Seftel |first=Adam |date=1994 |title=Uganda: the rise and fall of Idi Amin: from the pages of Drum |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ws0tAQAAIAAJ&q=Uganda:+the+rise+and+fall+of+Idi+Amin:+from+the+pages+of+Drum |publisher=Bailey's African Photo Archives Production |isbn=9780958384667 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190112062506/https://books.google.com/books?id=ws0tAQAAIAAJ&q=Uganda:+the+rise+and+fall+of+Idi+Amin:+from+the+pages+of+Drum&dq=Uganda:+the+rise+and+fall+of+Idi+Amin:+from+the+pages+of+Drum&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjnuPrOmuLfAhXpm-AKHbQ0Ca0Q6AEwAHoECAEQAg |archive-date=12 January 2019}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okuva mu [[:en:List_of_Ministers_of_Internal_Affairs_of_Uganda|Minisitule y'ensonga z'omunda]], Cuthbert Joseph Obwangor yafuuka [[:en:List_of_Ministers_of_Justice_and_Constitutional_Affairs_of_Uganda|Minisita w'ebyamateeka ne Ssemateeka]] mu 1964, ng'adda mu bigere bya [[:en:Grace_Ibingira|Grace Ibingira]].<ref name=":112">{{Cite book |date=1964 |title=Bulletin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=smgbAQAAMAAJ |publisher=International Commission of Jurists |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":122">{{Cite book |date=1966 |title=The Constitution of Uganda, 15th April, 1966 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qW4NAQAAIAAJ |publisher=Govt. printer (Uganda) |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":132">{{Cite book |date=1965 |title=Official Report |url=https://archive.org/details/v2hansard1965ontauoft |language=en}}</ref> Era yakwata omulimu gwa Minisita w’amayumba n’abakozi mu Gwokubiri 1966, n’aweereza mu kifo ekyo mu kiseera kye kimu n’okubeera Minisita w’ebyamateeka ne Ssemateeka wa Uganda. Yasigala nga Minisita w'ebyamateeka ne Ssemateeka era Minisita w'amayumba n'abakozi okutuusa mu Gwokutaano 1966, lwe yafuuka Minisita w'ebyobusuubuzi n'amakolero mu Uganda. ==== Okusibibwa ==== Obwangor, eyali minisita w’ebyobusuubuzi n’amakolero mu Uganda mu kiseera ekyo, okuganja kwe kwali kutandise okusereba mu maaso ga Pulezidenti [[:en:Apollo_Milton_Obote|Apollo Milton Obote]] bwe yayogera ng’awagira okuziyiza obuyinza bwa pulezidenti mu Uganda,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kasfir |first=Nelson |year=1967 |title=The 1967 Uganda Constituent Assembly Debate |journal=Transition |issue=33 |pages=52–56 |doi=10.2307/2934118 |issn=0041-1191 |jstor=2934118}}</ref> nga bino wammanga byaggiddwa mu lupapula lwa [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] n’okwogera kwe nga 11 Ogwomusanvu 1967:   Oluvannyuma lw’obutakkaanya buno n’okusindikibwa emabega ku [[:en:Milton_Obote|Apollo Milton Obote]] okutwala obuyinza obw’enjawulo, Obwangor yagobwa ku kifo kye nga Minisita w’ebyobusuubuzi n’amakolero mu Uganda. Nga 19 Ogwekkumineebiri 1969, waaliwo okugezaako okutta [[:en:Apollo_Milton_Obote|Apollo Milton Obote]], ekyamuviirako n'okumulumya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=First |first=Ruth |year=1971 |title=Uganda: The Latest coup d'état in Africa |journal=The World Today |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=131–138 |issn=0043-9134 |jstor=40394478}}</ref> Okugezaako okutta abantu kigambibwa nti kwakulemberwa abantu babulijjo [[:en:Baganda|Abaganda]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/01/27/archives/leader-feared-military-coup-in-kampala-for-months.html|title=Leader Feared Military Coup in Kampala for Months|last=Mohr|first=Charles|date=27 January 1971|work=The New York Times|access-date=22 April 2019|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Obwangor wamu ne [[:en:Benedicto_Kiwanuka|Benedicto Kiwanuka]], [[:en:Paul_Ssemogerere_(politician)|Paul Ssemogerere]], Mathias Ngobi n'abalala baakwatibwa, ku biragiro ebigambibwa nti byali bya [[:en:Basil_Kiiza_Bataringaya|Basil Kiiza Bataringaya]] ne [[:en:Soroti|Felix Kenyi Onama]]. Obwangor yakwatibwa mu maka ge e [[Soroti]] bwe yali ewuwe n’abaana be. Yatwalibwa mu kkomera ly'e Luzira erya [[:en:Luzira_Maximum_Security_Prison|Luzira Maximum Security Prison]] ng’abaamuyisa [[:en:Mbale|Mbale]], era n’asibibwa mu kkomera ly’e Luzira Maximum Security Prison. Mu mboozi eyakafubo gye yawa mu 2012, Obwangor yalumiriza nti olw'okuba yali [[:en:Political_prisoner|musibe wa byabufuzi]], "tewali kuyisibwa bubi" bwe yali asibiddwa mu kkomera lya [[:en:Luzira_Maximum_Security_Prison|Luzira Maximum Security Prison]]. Nga 2 Ogwokubiri 1971, [[:en:Heads_of_State_of_Uganda|Pulezidenti wa Uganda]] omuggya [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]] yayimbula Obwangor, wamu n'[[:en:Political_prisoner|abasibe b’ebyobufuzi]] abalala mu [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/01/29/archives/ugandas-new-ruler-releases-55-political-prisoners.html|title=Uganda's New Ruler Releases 55 Political Prisoners|date=29 January 1971|work=The New York Times|access-date=22 April 2019|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> ==== Omulimu gwe yakola oluvannyuma lw’okuyimbulwa ==== Obwangor yaddamu okuyingira ekisaawe ky’ebyobufuzi oluvannyuma lw’okuyimbulwa, n’addamu okwegatta ku kibiina kya [[:en:Uganda_People's_Congress|Uganda People’s Congress]] oluvannyuma lw’ekibiina okugoba Obwangor okumala akaseera oluvannyuma lw’omukulembeze w’ekibiina kya [[:en:Uganda_People's_Congress|Uganda People’s Congress]] okusiba Obwangor. Mu 1982, Obwangor yakyusa n'ayingira ekibiina kya [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Democratic Party of Uganda]]. Mu 1984, Obwangor yatandikawo ekibiina kya Nationalist Liberal Party ng’ali wamu ne Tiberio Okeny Atwoma, [[:en:Anthony_Ochaya|Anthony Ochaya]], ne Francis Bwengye.<ref name=":142">{{Cite news|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201210140440.html|title=Uganda: Veteran Democratic Party VP Dies, Aged 87|last1=Aber|first1=Patience|date=14 October 2012|work=New Vision|access-date=26 November 2018|last2=Langalanga|first2=Tony}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Nationalist Liberalist Party kyali kibiina ekyayawukana okuva mu kibiina ekivuganya gavumenti ekyali kikulembera mu kiseera ekyo, [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Democratic Party of Uganda]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bute |first1=Evangeline |year=2016 |title=The Black Handbook: The People, History and Politics of Africa and the African Diaspora |last2=Harmer |first2=H. J. P. |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=9781474292870 |pages=272}}</ref> Ekibiina kya Nationalist Liberal Party kyatondebwawo nga kyanukula eyali akola nga Ssaabawandiisi w’ekibiina kya [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Democratic Party]] Tiberio Okeny Atwoma okusomooza [[:en:Paul_Kawanga_Ssemogerere|Paul Kawanga Ssemogerere]] ku bukulembeze bw’ekibiina kya [[:en:Democratic_Party_(Uganda)|Democratic Party (Uganda)]] nga tasobola.<ref name=":142" /> Mu 1986, Obwangor yava mu kibiina kya Nationalist Liberal Party, n’ayingira ekibiina kya [[:en:Yoweri_Museveni|National Resistance Movement]] ekikulemberwa Pulezidenti wa Uganda, [[Yoweri Museveni]]. Yalondebwa [[:en:Yoweri_Museveni|Yoweri Museveni]] mu 1989 okuweereza nga mmemba w’akakiiko ka Ssemateeka wa Uganda akaali kakulemberwa [[:en:Benjamin_Josses_Odoki|Omulamuzi Benjamin Josses Odoki]], akaaweebwa omulimu gw’okutereeza [[:en:Constitution_of_Uganda|Ssemateeka wa Uganda]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cullimore |first=Charles |year=1994 |title=Uganda: The Making of a Constitution |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=32 |issue=4 |pages=707–711 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00015949 |issn=0022-278X |jstor=161573 |s2cid=154815713}}</ref> Mu 1997, Obwangor yava mu kibiina kya [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]], n'addamu okwegatta ku kibiina kye eky'ebyobufuzi ekyasooka ekya [[:en:Uganda_People's_Congress|Uganda People's Congress]], wadde nga yabavaako oluvannyuma lw'emyaka ena ng'afuuka eyeetongodde mu by'obufuzi okutuusa lwe yafa, n'ategeeza mu mboozi eyakafubo gye yawa mu 2007 nti "ebyobufuzi biringa mpewo, otambula n'embeera n'ebbugumu ery'ekiseera ekyo". Obwangor era yali yeewaddeyo okutumbula eby'enjigiriza eri abaavu mu Uganda. Wakati wa 1986 ne 1990 mu kiseera [[:en:Lord's_Resistance_Army_insurgency|ky’obuyeekera bw’eggye lya Lord’s Resistance Army]], bangi ku bantu abaali bafunye obuzibu baddukira mu kibuga [[:en:Soroti|Soroti]] ekyali kitebenkedde okusinga ku birala, ekibuga Obwangor mwe yazaalibwa. Kino kyaviirako Obwangor okuyambako okutandikawo essomero ly’abaana ababundabunda e Moru Apesur mu kibuga kye [[:en:Soroti|Soroti]].<ref name=":18">{{Cite web |last1=Otim |first1=Richard |last2=Otage |first2=Stephen |date=21 April 2012 |title=Obwangor: The Teso Icon dies |url=https://mobile.monitor.co.ug/News/2466686-1409958-format-xhtml-tnkru4/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422160411/https://mobile.monitor.co.ug/News/2466686-1409958-format-xhtml-tnkru4/index.html |archive-date=22 April 2019 |access-date=20 April 2019 |work=The Daily Monitor}}</ref> == Okufa kwe == Obwangor yafa nga 18 ogwokutaano 2012 ku myaka 93 egy’obukulu. Yafiira mu maka ga muwala we, Angela Margaret Itinot, e Omodoi, [[:en:Soroti|Soroti]], [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]]. Obwangor yaweebwa ekitiibwa ky'okuziikibwa gavumenti okunene okwafuuka ensonga z’ebyobufuzi. Bannakibiina kya [[:en:Uganda_People's_Congress|Uganda People's Congress]] balwanagana n'aba [[:en:Katakwi|National Resistance Movement]] mu kuziika e [[Katakwi]] ku ani alina okwogera, ng'aba National Resistance Movement bagamba nti ekibiina kya Uganda People's Congress kyalagajjalira Obwangor mu kiseera weyali abeetagira era n'olwekyo omubaka [[:en:Olara_Otunnu|Olara Otunnu]], omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Uganda People's Congress, yandigaaniddwa okwogera, ekintu ekyavaamu okuyomba mu kuziika Otunnu lwe yakkirizibwa okwogerako mu kuziika.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Emwamu |first1=Simon Peter |last2=Otim |first2=Richard |date=6 January 2012 |title=Opposition, NRM clash at Obwangor's funeral rites |url=https://mobile.monitor.co.ug/News/Opposition--NRM-clash-at-Obwangor-s-funeral-rites/2466686-1417988-format-xhtml-151fr6k/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422210706/https://mobile.monitor.co.ug/News/Opposition--NRM-clash-at-Obwangor-s-funeral-rites/2466686-1417988-format-xhtml-151fr6k/index.html |archive-date=22 April 2019 |access-date=21 April 2019 |website=Daily Monitor}}</ref> === Ekitiibwa === Obwangor House ku [[:en:Teso_College_Aloet|Teso College Aloet]] yatuumiddwa erinnya lino okussa ekitiibwa mu Cuthbert Joseph Obwangor.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Teso College Aloet: Our Campus Infrastructure |url=https://www.tesocollegealoet.sc.ug/about-teso-college/campus-infrastructure/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422040150/https://www.tesocollegealoet.sc.ug/about-teso-college/campus-infrastructure/ |archive-date=22 April 2019 |access-date=22 April 2019 |website=[[Teso College Aloet]]}}</ref> Omukutu gw’essomero lino gugamba nti:   == Obimukwatako eby'omunda == Yazimba amaka ge, Alakara House ku luguudo oluyitibwa Obwangor Road [[Soroti]], Uganda mu 1968. Yabeerangayo n’abaana be munaana ne mukyala we Anna Maria Abura. Obwangor Mukatoliki.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200510130269.html|title=Uganda: Teso Mourns 'Father of Nation'|last1=Otim|first1=Richard|date=13 October 2005|work=All Africa|access-date=16 April 2019|publisher=New Vision|last2=Naulele|first2=Simon}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa n’ebiwandiiko == [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 6foxel6lf76g8vcq3ohuw7fvtvgzy35 0 13222 66785 55850 2026-08-05T18:26:50Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66785 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''John Samuel Mbiti''' (1931–2019) [[:en:Kenya|Munnakenya]] Omufirosoofo era omuwandiisi w'ebitabo Omukristaayo . Yali Mubuulizi [[:en:Anglican|Anglican]] era obulamu bwe obusinga yabumala mu [[:en:Europe|Bulaaya]]. == Obulamu bwe obwasooka == John Mbiti yazaalibwa nga 30 Ogwekkuminogumu 1931 e Mulango mu [[:en:Kitui_County|ssaza ly'e Kitui,]] mu Buvanjuba bwa Kenya. Bazadde be babiri baali balimi okuli Samuel Mutuvi Ngaangi ne Valesi Mbandi Kiimba. Yali omu ku baana mukaaga eyakuzibwa mu ddiini y’Ekikristaayo ey’amaanyi. Enkuza ye ey’Ekikristaayo yamusikiriza mu lugendo lwe olw’okusoma ng’ayita mu kkanisa ya African Inland. Yasomera mu [[:en:Alliance_High_School_(Kenya)|Alliance High School]] e [[:en:Kikuyu,_Kenya|Kikuyu]] era n'agenda mu maaso n'okusoma mu Ssettendekero wa Makerere gye yatikkirwa mu 1953. Mbiti yagenda mu maaso n'okusoma mu Amerika era n'afuna diguli ye [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|eya Bachelor of Arts]] mu 1956 ne [[:en:Bachelor_of_Theology|Diguli mu by'eddiini]] mu 1957 okuva mu [[:en:Barrington_College|Barrington College]], essomero ly'ebyemikono ery'Abakristaayo ku [[:en:Rhode_Island|kizinga kya Rhode]] . Olwo n'afuna Diguliri ey'okusatu ey'obufirosooa mu by'eddiini okuva mu [[:en:University_of_Cambridge|Ssettendekera lya Cambridge]], gye yatikkirwa mu 1963. <ref name="Nzwili">Nzwili, Fredrick (8 October 2019), [https://www.oikoumene.org/en/press-centre/news/kenya-mourns-the-late-prof-samuel-john-mbiti "Kenya mourns the late Prof. Samuel John Mbiti"], World Council of Churches.</ref> Ng'alondoolebwa [[:en:C.F.D._Moule|CFD Moule]], Diguli ye eno yagenderera okuddamu ekibuuzo, "Ebibiina by'Afirika biyinza bitya okubuulirwa enjiri mu ngeri ennungi enzikiriza y'Ekikristaayo esobole okunnyikira mu buziba era n'obunywevu mu ttaka lya Afirika?" <ref>John S. Mbiti, "Christian Eschatology in Relation to Evangelization of Tribal Africa" Ph.D dissertation, (Cambridge University, 1963), 1 see 46, 286; [[:en:Robert_S._Heaney|Robert S. Heaney]], From Historical to Critical Post-Colonial Theology (Eugene: Pickwick, 2015), 62-93.</ref> == Obulamu obwaddirira n’okufa kwe == Mbiti yasomesa eddiini n’eby’eddiini mu [[:en:Makerere_University|Ssettendekero lya Makerere]], Uganda, okuva mu 1964 okutuuka mu 1974 era yaliko akulira w’ekitongole kya [[:en:World_Council_of_Churches|World Council of Churches]] ' [[:en:Bossey_Ecumenical_Institute|Ecumenical Institute]] e [[:en:Bogis-Bossey|Bogis-Bossey]], Switzerland. Yakola obwa pulofeesa obukyalidde mu ssettendekero ez'enjawulo okwetoloola ensi yonna era n’afulumya ebitabo bingi ku Bufirosoofo, eby’eddiini [[:en:Oral_tradition|n’ennono n'obuwangwa]] bwa Afirika . <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071010005952/http://books.heinemann.com/authors/587.aspx Heinemann] Author biography. Retrieved 23 March 2006.</ref> Ekitabo kya Mbiti ekikulu, ''African Religions and Philosophy'' (1969), gwe mulimu ogwasooka okusomooza endowooza y'Abakristaayo nti endowooza z'eddiini z'Afirika ez'ennono "zaali tezikkiriziganya na Bukristaayo". <ref>{{cite journal |last=Mbiti |first=John |year=1980 |title=The Encounter of Christian Faith and African Religion |url=http://www.religion-online.org/showarticle.asp?title=1746 |url-status=dead |journal=Christian Century |issue=27 August–3 September |pages=817–820 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060331023849/http://www.religion-online.org/showarticle.asp?title=1746 |archive-date=31 March 2006 |access-date=23 March 2006}} On-line version published by Religion Online.</ref> Engeri gye yakwatamu eddiini y’ennono mu ngeri ey’okusaasira yali yeesigamiziddwa ku mulimu gwe yakola ennyo mu kisaawe kye eky'obukugubwe. Mbiti yali yeeyoleka bulungi nti engeri gye yali ataputamu eddiini zino kwali kuva mu ndowooza ya Kikristaayo ennywevu. Ekitundu kino eky’omulimu gwe oluusi kyavumirira nnyo. <ref>{{cite journal |last=Kalumba |first=Kibujo M |date=March 2005 |title=A New Analysis of Mbiti's 'The Concept of Time' |journal=[[Philosophia Africana]] |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=11–20 |doi=10.5840/philafricana20058111}}</ref> <ref>{{cite journal |last=English |first=Parker |date=March 2006 |title=Kalumba, Mbiti, and a Traditional African Concept of Time |journal=[[Philosophia Africana]] |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=53–56 |doi=10.5840/philafricana20069111}}</ref> Mbiti bye yali anoonyerezaako mwalimu eby’eddiini mu Afirika ne Asia, [[:en:Ecumenism|n’enzikiriza y’abantu bonna]] . Era yakolagana n’ekitabo [[:en:Proverb|ky’engero z’Afirika]], ezaakuŋŋaanyizibwa okuva ku lukalu lwonna. Okuva mu 2005 okutuuka lwe yafa mu 2019, Mbiti yaliko pulofeesa [[:en:Emeritus|omuwummuze]] mu [[:en:University_of_Bern|Ssettendekero lya Bern]] era nga ye minisita w’ekigo eyawummuze mu kibuga [[:en:Burgdorf,_Switzerland|Burgdorf]], Switzerland. <ref>{{cite web |title=University of Bern |url=http://www.theol.unibe.ch/ist/mbiti.html |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707004344/http://www.theol.unibe.ch/ist/mbiti.html |archive-date=7 July 2011 |access-date=23 March 2006}} Academic staff biography (in German). Retrieved 23 March 2006.</ref> Yali mufumbo ne Verena Mbiti-Siegenthaler era yaleka abaana bana n’abazzukulu bataano. <ref>[http://www.dacb.org/stories/kenya/mbiti_john.html "Mbiti, John Samuel"], ''Dictionary of African Christian Biography''.</ref> Mbiti yafiira e Burgdorf nga 5 October 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |last=pm |first=Michael Musyoka on 6 October 2019-1:16 |date=6 October 2019 |title=Celebrated Kenyan Scholar Dies in Switzerland |url=https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/44744-celebrated-kenyan-scholar-dies-switzerland |access-date=6 October 2019 |website=Kenyans.co.ke |language=EN}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/24/world/africa/john-mbiti-dead.html|title=John Mbiti, 87, Dies; Punctured Myths About African Religions|last=Sandomir|first=Richard|date=24 October 2019|access-date=28 October 2019|work=[[The New York Times]]|archive-url=https://archive.today/20191024222549/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/24/world/africa/john-mbiti-dead.html|archive-date=24 October 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> == Emirimu gy’eddiini == Oluvannyuma lw'okutikkirwa mu Ssettendekero lya Cambridge yatuuzibwa okuba Omubuulizi mu [[:en:Church_of_England|Kkanisa ya Bungereza]] . Yaweereza nga Omubuulizi w’ekigo mu Bungereza okutuusa lwe yakomawo e Makerere mu 1964 okusomesa eddiini z’ennono z’Afirika. Okuva mu 1980 okutuuka mu 1996 Mbiti yaliko omuweereza w’ekigo mu [[:en:Burgdorf,_Switzerland|Burgdorf]], Switzerland era mu kiseera kye kimu yasomesa okuva mu 1983 n'okweyongerayo mu Ssettendekero ya Bern. <ref name="WCCobit">[https://www.oikoumene.org/en/press-centre/news/wcc-commemorates-life-of-former-bossey-director-john-samuel-mbiti "WCC commemorates life of former Bossey director John Samuel Mbiti"], World Council of Churches, 8 October 2019.</ref> == Omulimu gw’okusoma == <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>  Mbiti yakomawo mu Ssettendekero lya Makerere, gye yasomesa eddiini y’ennono mu Afrika okuva mu 1964 okutuuka mu 1974. Bwe yali wano yawandiika ekitabo kye ekyasooka ekya ''African Religions and Philosophy'' (1969). <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Mbiti John Samuel |url=https://dacb.org/stories/kenya/mbiti-johns/ |website=Dictionary of African Christian Biography}}</ref> Ekintu kye yasinga okussaako essira mu kitabo kye ekyasooka kwe kusomooza endowooza ezaali zimanyiddwa ennyo nti eddiini z'ennono mu Afirika zaali zisibuka mu mpisa z’emisambwa ezirwanyisa Obukristaayo n’okuggumiza nti eddiini z’ennono mu Afirika zisaana okuweebwa ekitiibwa kye kimu n’Obukristaayo, Obusiraamu, Obuyudaaya, n’Obubuddha. Yasinziira ku kumanya kwe nti mu Baibuli, Katonda ye mutonzi w’ebintu byonna, ekitegeeza nti Katonda yeeyolekera ebintu byonna. Mbiti yali amanyi kitono ku ddiini ya Africa ey'ennono, anti yali tamanyi misomo gyali gikwata ku misingi gyayo olw’ennono enzito ez’omu kamwa k'eddiini zino. Yagenderera okunoonyereza kwe ku kubwe okusomesa ekibiina. Yakung’aanya ebirowoozo okuva mu bantu oba ebika bya Afirika ebisukka mu 300 ng’akola owg'okunoonyereza. Okusabibwa abayizi be okukung’aanya okunoonyereza kwe yamuwaliriza okukung’aanya obuwandiike bwe n’emisomo gye mu kitabo kye ekyasooka, ekyafulumizibwa mu 1969. Oluvannyuma lw’okukola emirimu gye e Makerere, yakola obwa pulofeesa obukyalira mu Ssettendekero ez'enjawuli okwetoloola ensi yonna gye yagenda mu maaso n’okufulumya ebitabo ebikwata ku bufirosoofo, eby’eddiini n’ennono za Afirika ezaanyumizibwanga. <ref name="Nzwili"/> Okuva mu 1974 okutuuka mu 1980 Mbiti yali akulira olukiiko lw’amakanisa mu nsi yonna olwa Bossey Ecumenical Institute. <ref name=":0"/> Yatuuza enkiiko eziwerako ez’amaanyi ezassa essira ku by’eddiini wakati w’obuwangwa. Ekigendererwa kye kyali kya kugatta abakugu mu by’eddiini mu Afirika, Asia n’abalala okusobola okusisinkana n’okuteesa mu kibiina ky’abantu bonna. Olukungaana olwasooka mu Ogwomukaaga 1976 lwassa essira ku bikolwa bya Afirika ne Asia mu by’eddiini eby’omulembe guno. Olukungaana luno lwalimu abantu abasoba mu 80. Olukungaana lwe olwokubiri olumanyiddwa ennyo, "Okwatula Kristo mu buwangwa obw'enjawulo", lwatuula mu Bossey mu Gwomusanvu 1977. Olukungaana luno lwalimu abantu abasoba mu 100 abaakuŋŋaana okuva mu nsi 35 ez'enjawulo. Waaliwo okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku ngeri omuntu ssekinnoomu gy’ayinza okutuuka okuva ku kwatula kwa Kristo okw’embeera okutuuka ku kwatula okwa bonna era ne baggumiza engeri okwatula gye kuyinza okufuna okwolesebwa mu ddiini n’okusinza. Olukungaana lwe olw'okusatu lwasinga kukwata ku "Indigenous Theology and the Universal Church". Ng’awummudde ng’omuweereza w’ekigo (1996) era ng’omusomesa mu Ssettendekero (2005) e Switzerland, Mbiti yavvuunula Endagaano Empya yonna okuva mu biwandiiko byayo ebyasooka mu Luyonaani n’Olwebbulaniya mu lulimi lwe oluzaaliranwa [[:en:Kamba_language|Kikamba]], olulimi lw’Ababantu olwogerwa [[:en:Kamba_people|Abakamba]] b’e Kenya (ne Tanzania). Mu bitiibwa bingi n’obusawo obw’ekitiibwa Mbiti bwe yafuna, ekkanisa ya Anglican ey'ekkanisa y'obukiikaddyo bwa Africa yawa Mbiti ekitiibwa n’ekirabo kya Ssaabalabirizi olw’emirembe n’obwenkanya mu kujaguza obulamu bwe n’okuwandiika mu Ssettendekero y’e Stellenbosch, mu ggwanga lya South Africa, mu Ogwekkuminogumu 2016. == Ebizuuliddwa mu ddiini y’ennono mu Afirika == Mbiti mu kitabo kye atunuulira okusalaasala ensibuko y’eddiini y’ennono mu Afirika, naddala ng’asoma obulombolombo obwogerwa. [[:en:Igbo_religion|Eddiini y’Abaigbo]] y’emu ku ddiini z’Afirika ez’ennono Mbiti ze yanoonyerezaako; ennono yaabwe yali esibuka mu buwangwa bwabwe. Ennono eno eyafunibwa mu kwogerwa. yasigibwa okuva ku mulembe okudda ku mulala okuyita mu nkola y’emu ey’okunyumizibwa. Ennono zaabwe zeetooloola ebintu ebirabika ennyo nga bisika abagoberezi baabwe okubuusabuusa okubeerawo kwabwe. Mu bulamu bwabwe obw’ennono, abantu ssekinnoomu beenyigira mu kwetaba mu ddiini, mwe bakkiriza nti kitandikira nga tebannazaalibwa ne kigenda mu maaso oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwabwe. Obulamu bw’eddiini bw’Abaigbo bukwatagana ne bajjajjaabwe n’abo abatannazaalibwa nga batondawo enkola ey’ekyama. Eddiini y’Abaigbo erimu mu bujjuvu engeri zonna ez’eddiini y’ensi ey’ennono, omuli enzikiriza zaayo, enfumo entukuvu, engeri gye zoogerwamu, okusikiriza okw’amaanyi eri emitima gy’abagoberezi baayo, okukola emikolo egy’eddaala erya waggulu, n’okubeera n’abasosodooti bangi abeetabye mu nteekateeka eno ng’abakadde abakola emirimu, bakabaka, bakabona n’abalaguzi. Eddiini y’Abaigbo eyawukana ku ddiini ezitali za nnono ezikyusa abantu kubanga terina bakadde bakola mirimu gya Buminsani n’abantu ssekinnoomu abatabuulira ddiini yaabwe ku balala. Bakkiririza mu kitonde eky’oku ntikko ekiteeberezebwa okuba nga y’afuga ensi n’abagibeeramu bonna. Mbiti era yakizuula nti eddiini y’Abaigbo ekitwala nti omuntu ssekinnoomu bw’afa, emmeeme oba omwoyo gwe gutaayaaya okutuusa ng’omubiri guziikiddwa mu kitiibwa. Ekiseera kino eky’okulinda kiyitibwa ekiseera eky’enkyukakyuka eky’omugenzi. Obukristaayo bwatuuka mu nsi y’Abaigbo mu 1857, ne buleeta okutya mu Baigbo nti singa bafuuka Abakristaayo katonda waabwe yandibaleetera akatyabaga. Abalala nabo baagaana okufuuka Abakristaayo olw’okukkiriza nti Abaminsani Abakristaayo baaliwo okusaanyaawo ddiini yaabwe. Abakristaayo baalaba myuziki n’amazina g’ennyimba z’ekinnansi ez’eddiini y’Abaigbo ne bakitwala ng’ekitali kya mpisa. Kino kiyinza okuba nga kye kyavaako okulwanagana kw’eddiini wakati w’Abaigbo n’Abakristaayo, n’okulowooza nti eddiini z'ennono mu Afirika zaali zisibuka mu nzikiriza ezirwanyisa Abakristaayo. Abakadde baali bakuuma obulombolombo bwabwe bwokka. Ekimu ku bigambo Mbiti bye yasinga okumanyika mu kitabo kye ''African Religions and Philosophy'' kyali nti: "Omufirika wonna w'ali, waliwo eddiini." <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Okeke |first1=Chukwuma O. |last2=Ibenwa |first2=Christopher N. |last3=Okeke |first3=Gloria Tochukwu |year=2017 |title=Conflicts Between African Traditional Religion and Christianity in Eastern Nigeria: The Igbo Example |journal=SAGE Open |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=215824401770932 |doi=10.1177/2158244017709322 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Okunenya == Mbiti yayolekagana n’okunenya okuva ew’omuwandiisi wa Uganda [[:en:Okot_p'Bitek|Okot p’Bitek]] olw’okusuula ensonga ze mu bigambo eby’amagezi ebyali bitandikiddwawo amawanga g’obugwanjuba. Okusingira ddala, ekisinga okunenyezaako kwe kuba nti enjigiriza z’ensi za Afirika ku nkomerero zikwatagana n’endowooza z’Abakristaayo ku Katonda ng’ayinza byonna, ali buli wamu era ow’olubeerera. P’Bitek yawandiika mu kitabo kye ekya ''African Religions in Western Scholarship'' nti eddiini z’ennono mu Africa tezimanyiddwa nnyo eri Abafirika aba bulijjo mu byalo. Kigambibwa nti Mbiti teyaddamu kuvumirira kuno okusinziira ku Derek Peterson, pulofeesa w’ebyafaayo n’okunoonyereza ku Afirika mu [[:en:University_of_Michigan|Ssettendekero y’e Michigan]] . <ref>Sandomir, Richard (24 October 2019), [https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/24/world/africa/john-mbiti-dead.html "John Mbiti, 87, Dies; Punctured Myths About African Religions"], ''The New York Times''. See Heaney, Post-Colonial Theology, 119-125.</ref> Mu ngeri y'emu, Tsenay Serequeberhan yateeka Mbiti mu nnono y'obufirosoofo bw'amawanga era n'agamba nti Mbiti agezaako "okwanika mu lwatu munda mu Mufirika eri amaaso ag'okumenya amateeka g'Omukristaayo, Omusiraamu, oba Omufirika afuuse Omuzungu ow'omulembe." <ref>{{Cite book |date=1991 |title=African philosophy : the essential readings |others=Tsenay Serequeberhan |isbn=1-55778-309-8 |edition=First |location=St. Paul, MN |oclc=21407072}}</ref> == Emirimu == * ''Akamba Emboozi'' . Etterekero ly'ebitabo lya Oxford Ebiwandiiko by’Afirika. Ekitongole ky’amawulire ekya Oxford University Press (Ogwekkuminebiri 1966). : Omulimu guno gulimu emboozi ez’enjawulo eziwera 80 ez’ebika eby’enjawulo ezisibuka mu nfumo z’Olukamba. Okuvvuunulwa n’okulongoosebwa mu lulimi Olungereza, bibiri byokka bye bisigala mu Lukamba. Bagenda mu maaso n’okubunyisa obulamu n’embeera z’abantu mu Kamba, olulimi lw’e Kikamba, awamu n’obutonde bw’emboozi mu bujjuvu n’embeera mwe zinyumibwa. Eri omusomi owa bulijjo, bayinza obutaggya kintu kirala kyonna okuggyako okukuŋŋaanya enfumo z’abantu za Afirika ezisanyusa. * ''Ebitontome by'Obutonde n'Okukkiriza'' . Abayimbi ba Africa. Ekitongole ekifulumya ebitabo mu Buvanjuba bwa Afrika (1969). : Ekitabo ekikungaanya ebitontome okuva mu batontomi b'Afirika * ''Eddiini n'Obufirosoofo mu Afirika'' . [[:en:African_Writers_Series|Omusomo gw'abawandiisi ba Africa]] . Heinemann [1969] (1990) Omuwandiisi w’ebitabo. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-435-89591-5|<bdi>0-435-89591-5</bdi>]] : Ekitabo kya Mbiti ekisooka kitunula mu nkola entegeke mu nzikiriza nti eddiini z’ennono mu Afirika zaali zisibuka mu nzikiriza ezikontana n’Ekikristaayo. Yalongoosa ekitabo kino n’assaamu omulimu gw’abakyala mu ddiini * ''Endowooza za Katonda mu Afrika'' . London: [[:en:SPCK|SPCK]] (Ogwokuna 1970). : Abantu b’omu Afirika tebamanyi ddiini; ekitabo kino kiraga ekitundu ku magezi gaabwe ag’ennono ag’eddiini n’ag’obufirosoofo agakung’aanyiziddwa okuva mu bantu oba ebika eby’enjawulo ebisukka mu 270. Kirimu okunoonyereza okutegekeddwa kumpi amawulire gonna omuwandiisi ge yali asobola okusanga mu buwandiike n’ebirala ku kufumiitiriza kw’Afirika ku Katonda. Okufumiitiriza kuno kukwatibwako, mu butonde, ensonga z’ettaka, ebyafaayo, obuwangwa, n’embeera z’abantu-eby'obufuzi. * ''Endagaano Empya Eschatology mu byafaayo by'Afirika'' . Ekitongole ky’amawulire ekya Ssettendekero y’e Oxford (Ogwokusatu 1971). : Ekitabo kino kwe kusoma ku Endagaano empya Eschatology mu byafaayo bya Africa.: okunoonyereza ku nsisinkano wakati w'Endagaano empya mu ddiini n'ennono z'Africa. * ''Omukwano n'obufumbo mu Afrika'' . London: Longman (1973) nga bwe kiri. * ''Enyanjula y'e Ddiini y'Afirika'' . [[:en:African_Writers_Series|Omusomo gw'abawandiisi ba Africa]] . Heinemann [1975] (1991) Omuwandiisi w’ebitabo. : Ekitabo kino kitunuulira Engero z’Afirika ezisunsuddwamu okulaga enkola z’eddiini n’empisa eziyisibwa okuyita mu nnono ezinyumizibwa. * ''Essaala z'eddiini y'Afirika'' . London: [[:en:SPCK|SPCK]] (Ogwekkumi 1975). [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-281-02871-0|<bdi>0-281-02871-0</bdi>]] : Okutunula mu bujjuvu mu Bukristaayo bw’Abafirika, Obukrisitaayo bw'Abamerika obw'okufumiitiriza n’okusaba okukwatagana n’amaanyi ag’obwakatonda. * ''Baibuli n'Eby'eddiini mu Bukristaayo bwa Afirika'' . Ekitongole ky’amawulire ekya Yunivasite y’e Oxford (Ogwokuna 1987). [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-19-572593-X|<bdi>0-19-572593-X</bdi>]] * ''Engero z'Afirika'' . Pretoria: Ekitongole ky’amawulire ekya [[:en:UNISA|UNISA]] (1997). * ''Baibuli ya Kikamba - Utianiyo Mweu Wa Mwiyai Yesu Kilisto'' (Endagaano Empya eya Mukama waffe Yesu Kristo), (Ogwekkumineebiri 2014) Kenya Literature Bureau. == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Okusoma Ebisingawo == * [[:en:Joseph_G._Healey|Healey, Yusufu]] . 2020. Okusiima John S. Mbiti. ''[[:en:Proverbium|Engero]]'' 37:405-424 * * * Fleming, Bruce C. E., ne banne; Okuteeka eby’eddiini mu mbeera nga bwe kiragibwa mu Afirika mu biwandiiko bya John Samuel Mbiti. ThM Thesis, 1977, Essomero ly’Obwakatonda ery’Enjiri ey’Obusatu, IL. ** {{cite journal |last=Olupona |first=Jacob K. |author2=Sulayman S. Nyang |date=May 1998 |title=Religious Plurality in Africa: Essays in Honour of John S. Mbiti |journal=Journal of Religion in Africa |publisher=BRILL |volume=28 |issue=Fasc. 2 |pages=247–250 |doi=10.2307/1581722 |jstor=1581722}} ** {{Cite book |year=1996 |title=African Philosophy: A Classical Approach |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780133237269 |publisher=Prentice Hall |isbn=0-13-323726-5 |editor-last=Kalumba |editor-first=Kibujo M |editor-last2=English |editor-first2=Parker}} ** Fleming, Bruce C. E.; Contextualization of Theology as Evidenced in Africa in the writings of John Samuel Mbiti. ThM Thesis, 1977, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, IL. {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Mbiti, John}} [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] aruu31ar72fxuot906mthchx9hg0vru 0 13230 66842 61660 2026-08-05T19:18:42Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66842 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Peter James Nkambo Mugerwa''' (10 Ogwoluberyeberye 1933 – 10 Ogwekkuminogumu 2020) yali [[:en:Uganda|Munnayuganda]] era [[:en:Lawyer|munnamateeka]] omututumufu. Yaliko [[:en:List_of_Ministers_of_Justice_and_Constitutional_Affairs_of_Uganda|Minisita wa Uganda ow'ebyamateeka ne Ssemateeka]] ku mulembe gwa Pulezidenti Idi Amin okuva mu 1971 okutuuka mu 1973.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Oloka-Onyango |first=J. |date=2017-06-23 |title=When Courts Do Politics: Public Interest Law and Litigation in East Africa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f1wpDwAAQBAJ&q=peter+nkambo+mugerwa+solicitor+general&pg=PA281 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn=9781443864091 |pages=281 |language=en}}</ref> == Obuto bwe == Peter James Nkambo Mugerwa yazaalibwa mu [[:en:Kampala|Kampala]], [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] nga 10 Ogwoluberyeberye 1933. Ava mu Lubu lwa [[:en:Buganda|Buganda]].<ref>{{Cite book |year=1974 |title=Africa South of the Sahara: 1974 |url=https://archive.org/details/africasouthofsah0000unse_i6n1 |publisher=Europa Publications |edition=Fourth |location=[[London]]}}</ref> === Okusoma kwe === Nkambo Mugerwa yasomera mu [[:en:King's_College_Budo|King's College Budo]] mu misomo gye egya siniya, oluvannyuma n'agenda mu yunivasite y'e Makerere, gye yafunira diguli ye esooka.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Uwechue |first=Raph |title=Africa Who's Who 1991 |publisher=Africa Books Ltd |edition=Second |location=London |pages=4808}}</ref> Yagenda mu [[:en:Trinity_College,_Cambridge|Trinity College]] mu [[:en:University_of_Cambridge|University of Cambridge]], era n'ayitibwa okwegatta ku bannamateeka abakugu mu 1955 mu [[:en:Gray's_Inn|Gray's Inn]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Europa Publications |year=1982 |title=Africa South of the Sahara 1981-1982 |publisher=Europa Publications |location=[[London]]}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Peter James Nkambo Mugerwa emirimu gye yagitandikira mu [[:en:London|London]], [[:en:England|Bungereza]], ng’akolera mu kkampuni y'amafuta eya [[:en:Standard_Vacuum_Oil_Company|Standard Vacuum Oil Company]] okuva mu 1956 okutuuka mu 1957. Mu 1962 yafuuka omusomesa mu [[:en:University_College,_Dar_es_Salaam|University College, Dar es Salaam]], mu [[:en:Tanzania|Tanzania]], gye yali omusomesa wa mateeka.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Europa Publications |year=1977 |title=Africa South of the Sahara: 1977 |url=https://archive.org/details/africasouthofsah0008euro |publisher=Europa Publications |location=[[London]]}}</ref> Yavaayo mu 1964 n'afuuka omumyuka wa Ssaabawolereza wa [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]], mu bbanga ttono n'afuuka Ssaabawolereza wa [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]], omulimu gwe yakolera okuva mu 1964 okutuuka mu 1971.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Wilson |first=E. G. |year=1966 |title=Who's Who in East Africa 1965-1966 |publisher=Marco Publishers (Africa) Limited |location=London}}</ref> Mu 1971 yalondebwa okufuuka [[:en:List_of_Ministers_of_Justice_and_Constitutional_Affairs_of_Uganda|Minisita w'ebyamateeka ne Ssemateeka wa Uganda]] nga yalondebwa Pulezidenti omuggya [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]], omulimu ogw'amaanyi ogwa muweebwa ku [[:en:Cabinet_of_Uganda|kabineti]] newankubadde teyali munnabyabufuzi- Nkambo Mugerwa yali mukozi wa gavumenti nga si mmemba wa kibiina kyonna eky'ebyobufuzi nga kino kyamuviirako okulondebwa ng'omu ku baminisita abatono okuva mu kabineti ya [[:en:Apolo_Milton_Obote|Apolo Milton Obote]] okugenda mu maaso nga Minisita oba okukuzibwa [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]] bwe yawamba gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Oloka-Onyango |first=J. |date=2017-06-23 |title=When Courts Do Politics: Public Interest Law and Litigation in East Africa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f1wpDwAAQBAJ&q=Peter+James+Nkambo+Mugerwa&pg=PA281 |publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing |isbn=9781443864091 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":232">{{Cite web |last=Ndawula |first=Godfrey |date=24 February 2007 |title=Uganda: Our Politicians - Godfrey Serunkuma Lule |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200702260832.html |access-date=17 May 2009 |website=All Africa |publisher=New Vision}}</ref> Mu 1973, Idi Amin yagoba [[:en:Ministry_of_Justice_and_Constitutional_Affairs_(Uganda)|Minisita w'ebyamateeka ne Ssemateeka wa Uganda]], Peter James Nkambo Mugerwa, ng'ensonga eyayogerwako eri nti yali tasobola kukwatagana na supiidi ekolerwako emirimu oba "supersonic speed" Pulezidenti [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]] gye yali avuga eby'enfuna, ekyamuviirako okulonda [[:en:Godfrey_Serunkuma_Lule|Godfrey Serunkuma Lule]] okubeera omusika we. Oluvannyuma lw’okugobwa Idi Amin, Nkambo Mugerwa yayingira ekitongole ky’obwannannyini n’akolagana n’eyali Ssaabawolereza wa Buganda Fredrick Mpanga ne bakola ekibiina ky'abannamateeka ekya Mpanga and Mugerwa Advocates. Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Fredrick Mpanga yeegatta ne MB Matovu ne bakola ekibiina ky'abannamateeka ekirala ekya Mugerwa & Matovu Advocates. Mugerwa & Matovu Advocates oluvannyuma yakyusibwa n'efuulibwa Mugerwa ne Masembe Advocates bwe yatandikawo enkolagana ne Timothy Masembe Kanyerezi, Mathias Ssekatawa ne Phillip Karugaba. Omukago guno gwassaawo omusingi okutondawo kkampuni ya bannamateeka eya [[:en:List_of_law_firms_in_Uganda|MMAKS Advocates]] ey’omutindo ogw’oku ntikko mu Uganda. Yawummula emirimu gy’amateeka era ng’okusinga obudde bwe yali abumalira wakati wa faamu ye n’ebibanja bye ku lubalama lw’ennyanja mu Disitulikiti y’e Mukono ne ku faamu ye ey'ebisolo mu Disitulikiti y’e Kyankwazi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Peter James Nkambo Mugerwa |url=https://www.martindale.com/kampala/uganda/peter-james-nkambo-mugerwa-1284121-a/ |website=Martindale}}</ref> Era yaddamu okuyingira mu bulamu bw'olukale [[:en:Kabaka_of_Buganda|Kabaka]] [[Muwenda Mutebi II, Kabaka wa Buganda|Ronald Mutebi]] bwe yalonda Nkambo Mugerwa okubeera ssentebe w'olukiiko oluvunaanyizibwa ku ttaka olwa Buganda Land Board, n'atwala ekifo kya James Mulwana eyalina okulekulira oluvannyuma lwa "ekikwekweto okumunafuya".<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1069017/kabaka-appoints-land-board|title=Kabaka Appoints New Land Board|last=Vision Reporter|date=13 November 2002|work=New Vision|access-date=13 June 2019}}</ref> Yali kalabaalaba w'olukiiko olufuzi olw’abantu 13, okuli Omulangira David Kintu Wassajja, muganda wa [[:en:Muwenda_Mutebi_II_of_Buganda|Kabaka Mutebi]] omuto, ssentebe wa [[:en:Luweero_District|Disitulikiti y’e Luweero]], Hajji Nadduli Kibaale ne Martin Kasekende, maneja wa kkampuni y'amayumba n'okuzimba eya [[:en:National_Housing_and_Construction_Company|National Housing and Construction Company]].<ref name=":2" /> Yaweereza mu kifo kino okutuusa mu 2007, Martin Kasekende lwe yamuddira mu bigere. == Ebimukwatako eby'omunda == Peter James Nkambo Mugerwa yali mmemba omujjumbize mu kibiina kya Uganda Mountain Club, era nga anyumirwa nnyo [[:en:Mountaineering|okuwalampa ensozi]], [[:en:Whitewater_kayaking|omuzannyo gw'okuvuga obwato ku mazzi]], [[:en:Rock_climbing|okuwalampa enjazi]], [[:en:Hiking|okutambulako mu butonde]], [[:en:Backpacking_(hiking)|okwettika ensawo]], n’[[:en:Cycling|okuvuga obugaali]]. Alina abaana babiri ab’obuwala abali mu mirimu gy’amateeka egy’amaanyi, Fiona Nalwanga Magona nga akolera wamu ne MMAKS Advocates ne Alice Namuli Blazevic ng'ono akola ne [[:en:Katende_Ssempebwa|Katende, Ssempebwa Advocates.]] Mutabani we Jan Mugerwa abeera London mu kkampuni ya Olephant Solicitors. Alina omutabani, Michael Nkambo Mugerwa, nga ye maneja omukulu mu kkampuni y'amafuta eya [[:en:Uganda_Refinery_Holding_Company|Uganda Refinery Holding Company]], ng'ekolera wansi wa kkampuni ya [[:en:Uganda_National_Oil_Company|Uganda National Oil Company]], okuva nga 29 May 2019.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Marco Publishers (Africa) Ltd |year=1968 |title=Who's Who in East Africa 1967-1968 |publisher=Marco Publishers (Africa) Ltd |location=[[London]]}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa ==   [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] rgrd8b8ycyi6sponh2vc3uog6qoej1k 0 13252 66883 61201 2026-08-05T21:25:45Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations and spellings 66883 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christine Bukenya Ssendawula''' Munnayuganda, munnabyabufuzi era nga ye [[:en:Member_of_parliament|mubaka omukyala]] owa [[:en:Kyankwanzi_District|disitulikiti y’e Kyankwanzi]] mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] ey’ekkumineemu wansi w’ekibiina kya [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-19 |title=First Lady calls for women empowerment to fight poverty |url=https://dmu.go.ug/first-lady-calls-women-empowerment-fight-poverty |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=dmu.go.ug |language=en |archive-date=2024-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240805030619/https://dmu.go.ug/first-lady-calls-women-empowerment-fight-poverty |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-08 |title=MTN Uganda fulfils pledge to St. Joseph's Aid Society with computers, lavatories in '30 Days of Y'ello Care' Campaign |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/mtn-uganda-fulfils-pledge-to-st-josephs-aid-society-with-computers-lavatories-in-30-days-of-yello-care-campaign/ |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-14 |title=MTN Uganda exceeds commitments to support St. Joseph's Aid Society in '30 Days of Y'ello Care' Campaign |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/brand-book/mtn-uganda-exceeds-commitments-to-support-st-joseph-s-aid-society-in-30-days-of-y-ello-care-campaign-4654478 |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-19 |title=First Lady calls for women empowerment to fight poverty – The Kampala Report |url=https://www.thekampalareport.com/latest/news/2024041936563/first-lady-calls-for-women-empowerment-to-fight-poverty.html |access-date=2024-08-05 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=God touched Museveni to appoint me minister - Nabakooba |url=https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/NV_150852 |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=Bukedde |language=en |archive-date=2024-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240805030618/https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/NV_150852 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Eby'obufuzi == Atuula ku kakiiko k'ebyenjigiriza mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-13 |title=Parliament's education committee discusses private schools fund |url=https://www.ntv.co.ug/ug/news/national/parliament-s-education-committee-discusses-private-schools-fund-3582552 |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=NTV Uganda |language=en |archive-date=2024-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240805030618/https://www.ntv.co.ug/ug/news/national/parliament-s-education-committee-discusses-private-schools-fund-3582552 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-08 |title=MTN Uganda exceeds commitments to support St. Joseph's Aid Society in '30 Days of Y'ello Care' Campaign |url=https://chimpreports.com/mtn-uganda-exceeds-commitments-to-support-st-josephs-aid-society-in-30-days-of-yello-care-campaign/ |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Abadde yetaba mu nsisinkano ya Civil Society Organizations eyavirako okuyitibwa kw'okwekeneenya obuwayiro obwenjawulo mu teeka lya East African Crude Pipeline obulemesa okukozesa amafuta ne gaasi agava mu Uganda.<ref>{{Cite news|accessdate=1}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[:en:List_of_members_of_the_eleventh_Parliament_of_Uganda|Olukalala lw'ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi n'emu]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] 3qpvvepsiepusvqpgctuoo4568uectr 66884 66883 2026-08-05T21:27:53Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added new heading 66884 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christine Bukenya Ssendawula''' Munnayuganda, munnabyabufuzi era nga ye mubaka omukyala owa [[disitulikiti y’e Kyankwanzi]] mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda]] ey’ekkumineemu wansi w’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-19 |title=First Lady calls for women empowerment to fight poverty |url=https://dmu.go.ug/first-lady-calls-women-empowerment-fight-poverty |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=dmu.go.ug |language=en |archive-date=2024-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240805030619/https://dmu.go.ug/first-lady-calls-women-empowerment-fight-poverty |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-08 |title=MTN Uganda fulfils pledge to St. Joseph's Aid Society with computers, lavatories in '30 Days of Y'ello Care' Campaign |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/mtn-uganda-fulfils-pledge-to-st-josephs-aid-society-with-computers-lavatories-in-30-days-of-yello-care-campaign/ |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-14 |title=MTN Uganda exceeds commitments to support St. Joseph's Aid Society in '30 Days of Y'ello Care' Campaign |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/brand-book/mtn-uganda-exceeds-commitments-to-support-st-joseph-s-aid-society-in-30-days-of-y-ello-care-campaign-4654478 |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-19 |title=First Lady calls for women empowerment to fight poverty – The Kampala Report |url=https://www.thekampalareport.com/latest/news/2024041936563/first-lady-calls-for-women-empowerment-to-fight-poverty.html |access-date=2024-08-05 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=God touched Museveni to appoint me minister - Nabakooba |url=https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/NV_150852 |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=Bukedde |language=en |archive-date=2024-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240805030618/https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/NV_150852 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Eby'obufuzi == Atuula ku kakiiko k'ebyenjigiriza mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-13 |title=Parliament's education committee discusses private schools fund |url=https://www.ntv.co.ug/ug/news/national/parliament-s-education-committee-discusses-private-schools-fund-3582552 |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=NTV Uganda |language=en |archive-date=2024-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240805030618/https://www.ntv.co.ug/ug/news/national/parliament-s-education-committee-discusses-private-schools-fund-3582552 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-08 |title=MTN Uganda exceeds commitments to support St. Joseph's Aid Society in '30 Days of Y'ello Care' Campaign |url=https://chimpreports.com/mtn-uganda-exceeds-commitments-to-support-st-josephs-aid-society-in-30-days-of-yello-care-campaign/ |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Abadde yetaba mu nsisinkano ya Civil Society Organizations eyavirako okuyitibwa kw'okwekeneenya obuwayiro obwenjawulo mu teeka lya East African Crude Pipeline obulemesa okukozesa amafuta ne gaasi agava mu Uganda.<ref>{{Cite news|accessdate=1}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Olukalala lw'ababaka ba Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumineemu]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] b9ldlwpag6kf4eqv2wsdw73uyhuy53h 66885 66884 2026-08-05T21:28:37Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added new paragraph 66885 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christine Bukenya Ssendawula''' Munnayuganda, munnabyabufuzi era nga ye mubaka omukyala owa [[disitulikiti y’e Kyankwanzi]] mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda]] ey’ekkumineemu wansi w’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-19 |title=First Lady calls for women empowerment to fight poverty |url=https://dmu.go.ug/first-lady-calls-women-empowerment-fight-poverty |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=dmu.go.ug |language=en |archive-date=2024-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240805030619/https://dmu.go.ug/first-lady-calls-women-empowerment-fight-poverty |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-08 |title=MTN Uganda fulfils pledge to St. Joseph's Aid Society with computers, lavatories in '30 Days of Y'ello Care' Campaign |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/mtn-uganda-fulfils-pledge-to-st-josephs-aid-society-with-computers-lavatories-in-30-days-of-yello-care-campaign/ |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-14 |title=MTN Uganda exceeds commitments to support St. Joseph's Aid Society in '30 Days of Y'ello Care' Campaign |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/brand-book/mtn-uganda-exceeds-commitments-to-support-st-joseph-s-aid-society-in-30-days-of-y-ello-care-campaign-4654478 |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-19 |title=First Lady calls for women empowerment to fight poverty – The Kampala Report |url=https://www.thekampalareport.com/latest/news/2024041936563/first-lady-calls-for-women-empowerment-to-fight-poverty.html |access-date=2024-08-05 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=God touched Museveni to appoint me minister - Nabakooba |url=https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/NV_150852 |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=Bukedde |language=en |archive-date=2024-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240805030618/https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/NV_150852 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Eby'obufuzi == Atuula ku kakiiko k'ebyenjigiriza mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-13 |title=Parliament's education committee discusses private schools fund |url=https://www.ntv.co.ug/ug/news/national/parliament-s-education-committee-discusses-private-schools-fund-3582552 |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=NTV Uganda |language=en |archive-date=2024-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240805030618/https://www.ntv.co.ug/ug/news/national/parliament-s-education-committee-discusses-private-schools-fund-3582552 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-08 |title=MTN Uganda exceeds commitments to support St. Joseph's Aid Society in '30 Days of Y'ello Care' Campaign |url=https://chimpreports.com/mtn-uganda-exceeds-commitments-to-support-st-josephs-aid-society-in-30-days-of-yello-care-campaign/ |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Abadde yetaba mu nsisinkano ya Civil Society Organizations eyavirako okuyitibwa kw'okwekeneenya obuwayiro obwenjawulo mu teeka lya East African Crude Pipeline obulemesa okukozesa amafuta ne gaasi agava mu Uganda.<ref>{{Cite news|accessdate=1}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Olukalala lw'ababaka ba Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumineemu]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == [https://www.parliament.go.ug/ Website of the Parliament of Uganda] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] kxb9jsiu6jza4svl67xg234lcliv1fg 66886 66885 2026-08-05T21:34:22Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added categories 66886 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christine Bukenya Ssendawula''' Munnayuganda, munnabyabufuzi era nga ye mubaka omukyala owa [[disitulikiti y’e Kyankwanzi]] mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda]] ey’ekkumineemu wansi w’ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-19 |title=First Lady calls for women empowerment to fight poverty |url=https://dmu.go.ug/first-lady-calls-women-empowerment-fight-poverty |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=dmu.go.ug |language=en |archive-date=2024-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240805030619/https://dmu.go.ug/first-lady-calls-women-empowerment-fight-poverty |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-08 |title=MTN Uganda fulfils pledge to St. Joseph's Aid Society with computers, lavatories in '30 Days of Y'ello Care' Campaign |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/mtn-uganda-fulfils-pledge-to-st-josephs-aid-society-with-computers-lavatories-in-30-days-of-yello-care-campaign/ |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-14 |title=MTN Uganda exceeds commitments to support St. Joseph's Aid Society in '30 Days of Y'ello Care' Campaign |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/brand-book/mtn-uganda-exceeds-commitments-to-support-st-joseph-s-aid-society-in-30-days-of-y-ello-care-campaign-4654478 |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-19 |title=First Lady calls for women empowerment to fight poverty – The Kampala Report |url=https://www.thekampalareport.com/latest/news/2024041936563/first-lady-calls-for-women-empowerment-to-fight-poverty.html |access-date=2024-08-05 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=God touched Museveni to appoint me minister - Nabakooba |url=https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/NV_150852 |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=Bukedde |language=en |archive-date=2024-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240805030618/https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/NV_150852 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Eby'obufuzi == Atuula ku kakiiko k'ebyenjigiriza mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-13 |title=Parliament's education committee discusses private schools fund |url=https://www.ntv.co.ug/ug/news/national/parliament-s-education-committee-discusses-private-schools-fund-3582552 |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=NTV Uganda |language=en |archive-date=2024-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240805030618/https://www.ntv.co.ug/ug/news/national/parliament-s-education-committee-discusses-private-schools-fund-3582552 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-08 |title=MTN Uganda exceeds commitments to support St. Joseph's Aid Society in '30 Days of Y'ello Care' Campaign |url=https://chimpreports.com/mtn-uganda-exceeds-commitments-to-support-st-josephs-aid-society-in-30-days-of-yello-care-campaign/ |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Abadde yetaba mu nsisinkano ya Civil Society Organizations eyavirako okuyitibwa kw'okwekeneenya obuwayiro obwenjawulo mu teeka lya East African Crude Pipeline obulemesa okukozesa amafuta ne gaasi agava mu Uganda.<ref>{{Cite news|accessdate=1}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Olukalala lw'ababaka ba Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumineemu]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == [https://www.parliament.go.ug/ Website of the Parliament of Uganda] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi ba National Resistance Movement]] [[Category:Disitulikiti y'e Kyankwanzi]] [[Category:Ba mmemba ba palamenti ya Uganda Ey'ekkumineemu]] [[Category:Ba mmemba ba palamenti ya Uganda abakazi]] [[Category:Bannayuganda Abakazi bannabyabufuzi ab'ekyasa kyabirimwekimu]] 0gxlz5lqfng7excjseoo54va2c7pmxt 0 13256 66756 61307 2026-08-05T17:18:46Z Berniter 10779 66756 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anthony Akol''' Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] akiikirira Bukiika-kono bwa Kilak . Yalondebwa okukulira Acholi Parliamentary Group (APG) mu mwezi Ogwomusanvu mu 2021 okumala emyaka ebiri n’ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-23 |title=Anthony Akol Elected Chairperson of Acholi Parliamentary Group |url=https://chimpreports.com/anthony-akol-elected-chairperson-of-acholi-parliamentary-group/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadaga orders MP Anthony Akol to exit Parliament over coronavirus |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/kadaga-orders-mp-anthony-akol-to-exit-parliament-over-coronavirus-1880008 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Akol Anthony - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/akol-anthony-6851/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Anthony Akol |url=https://theyworkforyou.github.io/uganda-parliament-watch/mp/fab1b36d-7a25-4bbd-8603-9afa888de022/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=theyworkforyou.github.io}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amuru petition: Court declares Akol district MP |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/138660 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kyonjo |first=Rashid |date=2021-09-20 |title=Court Dismisses Election Petition Against Kilak North MP Anthony Akol |url=https://thetowerpost.com/2021/09/20/court-dismisses-election-petition-against-kilak-north-mp-anthony-akol/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=TowerPostNews |language=en-US}}</ref> == Emirimu gye egy’ebyobufuzi == Akol yalondebwa mu paalamenti ku tikiti y’ekibiina kya [[:en:Forum_for_Democratic_Change|Forum for Democratic Change]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hon. Akol Anthony » Forum for Democratic Change |url=https://fdc.ug/team/hon-akol-anthony/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Forum for Democratic Change |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=FDC MP Akol blasts Mpuuga for boycotting House sessions |url=https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/126624 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Bukedde |language=en |archive-date=2023-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204101328/https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/126624 |url-status=dead }}</ref> era aweereza ku bukiiko obuvunaanyizibwa ku ddembe ly’obuntu, ebyensimbi n’okuteekeratekera eggwanga. Mu mwezi Ogwomusanvu 2021, yalondebwa okukulira ekibiina kya Acholi Parliamentary Group (APG) n’obululu 11 n’awangula omubaka omukyala owa Paalamenti owa [[:en:Omoro_District|Disitulikiti y’e Omoro]], Catherine Lamwaka eyafuna obululu 10.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-23 |title=Akol calls for unity as he assumes Acholi Parliamentary Group leadership |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/akol-calls-for-unity-as-he-assumes-acholi-parliamentary-group-leadership/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Nga 30 omwezi Ogwolubereberye 2020, Akol yalwaanagana ne munne akiikirira Aruu County, [[:en:Odonga_Otto|Odonga Otto]] ku pigeon hall lobby eya paalamenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MPs Odonga Otto, Anthony Akol trade punches |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1514273 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Akol yategeeza bannamawulire nti ye yali yetaasa ekikonde okuva eri munne,<ref>{{Cite web |title=I simply slapped MP Otto in self-defence, says MP Akol |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/i-simply-slapped-mp-otto-in-self-defence-says-mp-akol-1872482 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref> n’ategeeza nti ye muzito era n’agamba nti singa yakuba Otto ebikonde yandibadde wansi. Mu mwezi Ogwokuna 2019, emmotoka ya Akol yatomera ente ng’esala okkubo ku kyalo Wakisanyi mu [[:en:Kiryandongo_District|disitulikiti y’e Kiryandongo]] ekyaviirako akabenje ne kamulumya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-25 |title=Kilak North County MP Anthony Akol involved in accident |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2019/04/25/kilak-north-county-mp-anthony-akol-involved-in-accident/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Nile Post |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] bh47wzstydds6gfp2jm0r0sne9d2nbf 66757 66756 2026-08-05T17:19:36Z Berniter 10779 66757 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anthony Akol''' Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] akiikirira Bukiika-kono mu consituwensi ya Kilak . Yalondebwa okukulira Acholi Parliamentary Group (APG) mu mwezi Ogwomusanvu mu 2021 okumala emyaka ebiri n’ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-23 |title=Anthony Akol Elected Chairperson of Acholi Parliamentary Group |url=https://chimpreports.com/anthony-akol-elected-chairperson-of-acholi-parliamentary-group/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadaga orders MP Anthony Akol to exit Parliament over coronavirus |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/kadaga-orders-mp-anthony-akol-to-exit-parliament-over-coronavirus-1880008 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Akol Anthony - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/akol-anthony-6851/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Anthony Akol |url=https://theyworkforyou.github.io/uganda-parliament-watch/mp/fab1b36d-7a25-4bbd-8603-9afa888de022/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=theyworkforyou.github.io}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amuru petition: Court declares Akol district MP |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/138660 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kyonjo |first=Rashid |date=2021-09-20 |title=Court Dismisses Election Petition Against Kilak North MP Anthony Akol |url=https://thetowerpost.com/2021/09/20/court-dismisses-election-petition-against-kilak-north-mp-anthony-akol/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=TowerPostNews |language=en-US}}</ref> == Emirimu gye egy’ebyobufuzi == Akol yalondebwa mu paalamenti ku tikiti y’ekibiina kya [[:en:Forum_for_Democratic_Change|Forum for Democratic Change]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hon. Akol Anthony » Forum for Democratic Change |url=https://fdc.ug/team/hon-akol-anthony/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Forum for Democratic Change |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=FDC MP Akol blasts Mpuuga for boycotting House sessions |url=https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/126624 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Bukedde |language=en |archive-date=2023-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204101328/https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/126624 |url-status=dead }}</ref> era aweereza ku bukiiko obuvunaanyizibwa ku ddembe ly’obuntu, ebyensimbi n’okuteekeratekera eggwanga. Mu mwezi Ogwomusanvu 2021, yalondebwa okukulira ekibiina kya Acholi Parliamentary Group (APG) n’obululu 11 n’awangula omubaka omukyala owa Paalamenti owa [[:en:Omoro_District|Disitulikiti y’e Omoro]], Catherine Lamwaka eyafuna obululu 10.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-23 |title=Akol calls for unity as he assumes Acholi Parliamentary Group leadership |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/akol-calls-for-unity-as-he-assumes-acholi-parliamentary-group-leadership/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Nga 30 omwezi Ogwolubereberye 2020, Akol yalwaanagana ne munne akiikirira Aruu County, [[:en:Odonga_Otto|Odonga Otto]] ku pigeon hall lobby eya paalamenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MPs Odonga Otto, Anthony Akol trade punches |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1514273 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Akol yategeeza bannamawulire nti ye yali yetaasa ekikonde okuva eri munne,<ref>{{Cite web |title=I simply slapped MP Otto in self-defence, says MP Akol |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/i-simply-slapped-mp-otto-in-self-defence-says-mp-akol-1872482 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref> n’ategeeza nti ye muzito era n’agamba nti singa yakuba Otto ebikonde yandibadde wansi. Mu mwezi Ogwokuna 2019, emmotoka ya Akol yatomera ente ng’esala okkubo ku kyalo Wakisanyi mu [[:en:Kiryandongo_District|disitulikiti y’e Kiryandongo]] ekyaviirako akabenje ne kamulumya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-25 |title=Kilak North County MP Anthony Akol involved in accident |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2019/04/25/kilak-north-county-mp-anthony-akol-involved-in-accident/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Nile Post |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] 0nxp6behb7lc08rsa6u6r3ovzih3xx9 66758 66757 2026-08-05T17:20:36Z Berniter 10779 66758 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anthony Akol''' Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] akiikirira Bukiika-kono mu consituwensi ya Kilak . Yalondebwa nga omukulembeze wa Acholi Parliamentary Group (APG) mu mwezi Ogwomusanvu mu 2021 okumala emyaka ebiri n’ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-23 |title=Anthony Akol Elected Chairperson of Acholi Parliamentary Group |url=https://chimpreports.com/anthony-akol-elected-chairperson-of-acholi-parliamentary-group/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadaga orders MP Anthony Akol to exit Parliament over coronavirus |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/kadaga-orders-mp-anthony-akol-to-exit-parliament-over-coronavirus-1880008 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Akol Anthony - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/akol-anthony-6851/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Anthony Akol |url=https://theyworkforyou.github.io/uganda-parliament-watch/mp/fab1b36d-7a25-4bbd-8603-9afa888de022/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=theyworkforyou.github.io}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amuru petition: Court declares Akol district MP |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/138660 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kyonjo |first=Rashid |date=2021-09-20 |title=Court Dismisses Election Petition Against Kilak North MP Anthony Akol |url=https://thetowerpost.com/2021/09/20/court-dismisses-election-petition-against-kilak-north-mp-anthony-akol/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=TowerPostNews |language=en-US}}</ref> == Emirimu gye egy’ebyobufuzi == Akol yalondebwa mu paalamenti ku tikiti y’ekibiina kya [[:en:Forum_for_Democratic_Change|Forum for Democratic Change]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hon. Akol Anthony » Forum for Democratic Change |url=https://fdc.ug/team/hon-akol-anthony/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Forum for Democratic Change |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=FDC MP Akol blasts Mpuuga for boycotting House sessions |url=https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/126624 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Bukedde |language=en |archive-date=2023-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204101328/https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/126624 |url-status=dead }}</ref> era aweereza ku bukiiko obuvunaanyizibwa ku ddembe ly’obuntu, ebyensimbi n’okuteekeratekera eggwanga. Mu mwezi Ogwomusanvu 2021, yalondebwa okukulira ekibiina kya Acholi Parliamentary Group (APG) n’obululu 11 n’awangula omubaka omukyala owa Paalamenti owa [[:en:Omoro_District|Disitulikiti y’e Omoro]], Catherine Lamwaka eyafuna obululu 10.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-23 |title=Akol calls for unity as he assumes Acholi Parliamentary Group leadership |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/akol-calls-for-unity-as-he-assumes-acholi-parliamentary-group-leadership/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Nga 30 omwezi Ogwolubereberye 2020, Akol yalwaanagana ne munne akiikirira Aruu County, [[:en:Odonga_Otto|Odonga Otto]] ku pigeon hall lobby eya paalamenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MPs Odonga Otto, Anthony Akol trade punches |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1514273 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Akol yategeeza bannamawulire nti ye yali yetaasa ekikonde okuva eri munne,<ref>{{Cite web |title=I simply slapped MP Otto in self-defence, says MP Akol |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/i-simply-slapped-mp-otto-in-self-defence-says-mp-akol-1872482 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref> n’ategeeza nti ye muzito era n’agamba nti singa yakuba Otto ebikonde yandibadde wansi. Mu mwezi Ogwokuna 2019, emmotoka ya Akol yatomera ente ng’esala okkubo ku kyalo Wakisanyi mu [[:en:Kiryandongo_District|disitulikiti y’e Kiryandongo]] ekyaviirako akabenje ne kamulumya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-25 |title=Kilak North County MP Anthony Akol involved in accident |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2019/04/25/kilak-north-county-mp-anthony-akol-involved-in-accident/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Nile Post |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] oet17w0dtyvsq4c39548f3wkpd7var0 66759 66758 2026-08-05T17:21:17Z Berniter 10779 66759 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anthony Akol''' Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] akiikirira Bukiika-kono mu consituwensi ya Kilak . Yalondebwa nga omukulembeze wa [[Acholi Parliamentary Group (APG)]] mu mwezi Ogwomusanvu mu 2021 okumala emyaka ebiri n’ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-23 |title=Anthony Akol Elected Chairperson of Acholi Parliamentary Group |url=https://chimpreports.com/anthony-akol-elected-chairperson-of-acholi-parliamentary-group/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadaga orders MP Anthony Akol to exit Parliament over coronavirus |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/kadaga-orders-mp-anthony-akol-to-exit-parliament-over-coronavirus-1880008 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Akol Anthony - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/akol-anthony-6851/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Anthony Akol |url=https://theyworkforyou.github.io/uganda-parliament-watch/mp/fab1b36d-7a25-4bbd-8603-9afa888de022/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=theyworkforyou.github.io}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amuru petition: Court declares Akol district MP |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/138660 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kyonjo |first=Rashid |date=2021-09-20 |title=Court Dismisses Election Petition Against Kilak North MP Anthony Akol |url=https://thetowerpost.com/2021/09/20/court-dismisses-election-petition-against-kilak-north-mp-anthony-akol/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=TowerPostNews |language=en-US}}</ref> == Emirimu gye egy’ebyobufuzi == Akol yalondebwa mu paalamenti ku tikiti y’ekibiina kya [[:en:Forum_for_Democratic_Change|Forum for Democratic Change]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hon. Akol Anthony » Forum for Democratic Change |url=https://fdc.ug/team/hon-akol-anthony/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Forum for Democratic Change |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=FDC MP Akol blasts Mpuuga for boycotting House sessions |url=https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/126624 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Bukedde |language=en |archive-date=2023-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204101328/https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/126624 |url-status=dead }}</ref> era aweereza ku bukiiko obuvunaanyizibwa ku ddembe ly’obuntu, ebyensimbi n’okuteekeratekera eggwanga. Mu mwezi Ogwomusanvu 2021, yalondebwa okukulira ekibiina kya Acholi Parliamentary Group (APG) n’obululu 11 n’awangula omubaka omukyala owa Paalamenti owa [[:en:Omoro_District|Disitulikiti y’e Omoro]], Catherine Lamwaka eyafuna obululu 10.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-23 |title=Akol calls for unity as he assumes Acholi Parliamentary Group leadership |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/akol-calls-for-unity-as-he-assumes-acholi-parliamentary-group-leadership/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Nga 30 omwezi Ogwolubereberye 2020, Akol yalwaanagana ne munne akiikirira Aruu County, [[:en:Odonga_Otto|Odonga Otto]] ku pigeon hall lobby eya paalamenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MPs Odonga Otto, Anthony Akol trade punches |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1514273 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Akol yategeeza bannamawulire nti ye yali yetaasa ekikonde okuva eri munne,<ref>{{Cite web |title=I simply slapped MP Otto in self-defence, says MP Akol |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/i-simply-slapped-mp-otto-in-self-defence-says-mp-akol-1872482 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref> n’ategeeza nti ye muzito era n’agamba nti singa yakuba Otto ebikonde yandibadde wansi. Mu mwezi Ogwokuna 2019, emmotoka ya Akol yatomera ente ng’esala okkubo ku kyalo Wakisanyi mu [[:en:Kiryandongo_District|disitulikiti y’e Kiryandongo]] ekyaviirako akabenje ne kamulumya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-25 |title=Kilak North County MP Anthony Akol involved in accident |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2019/04/25/kilak-north-county-mp-anthony-akol-involved-in-accident/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Nile Post |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] b9yzvs2c1sflo7kdasm6g24nd2av36k 66760 66759 2026-08-05T17:21:55Z Berniter 10779 66760 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anthony Akol''' Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] akiikirira Bukiika-kono mu consituwensi ya Kilak . Yalondebwa nga omukulembeze wa [[Acholi Parliamentary Group (APG)]] mu Ogwomusanvu mu 2021 okumala emyaka ebiri n’ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-23 |title=Anthony Akol Elected Chairperson of Acholi Parliamentary Group |url=https://chimpreports.com/anthony-akol-elected-chairperson-of-acholi-parliamentary-group/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadaga orders MP Anthony Akol to exit Parliament over coronavirus |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/kadaga-orders-mp-anthony-akol-to-exit-parliament-over-coronavirus-1880008 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Akol Anthony - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/akol-anthony-6851/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Anthony Akol |url=https://theyworkforyou.github.io/uganda-parliament-watch/mp/fab1b36d-7a25-4bbd-8603-9afa888de022/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=theyworkforyou.github.io}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amuru petition: Court declares Akol district MP |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/138660 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kyonjo |first=Rashid |date=2021-09-20 |title=Court Dismisses Election Petition Against Kilak North MP Anthony Akol |url=https://thetowerpost.com/2021/09/20/court-dismisses-election-petition-against-kilak-north-mp-anthony-akol/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=TowerPostNews |language=en-US}}</ref> == Emirimu gye egy’ebyobufuzi == Akol yalondebwa mu paalamenti ku tikiti y’ekibiina kya [[:en:Forum_for_Democratic_Change|Forum for Democratic Change]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hon. Akol Anthony » Forum for Democratic Change |url=https://fdc.ug/team/hon-akol-anthony/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Forum for Democratic Change |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=FDC MP Akol blasts Mpuuga for boycotting House sessions |url=https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/126624 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Bukedde |language=en |archive-date=2023-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204101328/https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/126624 |url-status=dead }}</ref> era aweereza ku bukiiko obuvunaanyizibwa ku ddembe ly’obuntu, ebyensimbi n’okuteekeratekera eggwanga. Mu mwezi Ogwomusanvu 2021, yalondebwa okukulira ekibiina kya Acholi Parliamentary Group (APG) n’obululu 11 n’awangula omubaka omukyala owa Paalamenti owa [[:en:Omoro_District|Disitulikiti y’e Omoro]], Catherine Lamwaka eyafuna obululu 10.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-23 |title=Akol calls for unity as he assumes Acholi Parliamentary Group leadership |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/akol-calls-for-unity-as-he-assumes-acholi-parliamentary-group-leadership/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Nga 30 omwezi Ogwolubereberye 2020, Akol yalwaanagana ne munne akiikirira Aruu County, [[:en:Odonga_Otto|Odonga Otto]] ku pigeon hall lobby eya paalamenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MPs Odonga Otto, Anthony Akol trade punches |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1514273 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Akol yategeeza bannamawulire nti ye yali yetaasa ekikonde okuva eri munne,<ref>{{Cite web |title=I simply slapped MP Otto in self-defence, says MP Akol |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/i-simply-slapped-mp-otto-in-self-defence-says-mp-akol-1872482 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref> n’ategeeza nti ye muzito era n’agamba nti singa yakuba Otto ebikonde yandibadde wansi. Mu mwezi Ogwokuna 2019, emmotoka ya Akol yatomera ente ng’esala okkubo ku kyalo Wakisanyi mu [[:en:Kiryandongo_District|disitulikiti y’e Kiryandongo]] ekyaviirako akabenje ne kamulumya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-25 |title=Kilak North County MP Anthony Akol involved in accident |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2019/04/25/kilak-north-county-mp-anthony-akol-involved-in-accident/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Nile Post |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] 84ojyxp3gfuxrzp2dwl4rdkmzrrgjqq 66761 66760 2026-08-05T17:22:14Z Berniter 10779 66761 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anthony Akol''' Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] akiikirira Bukiika-kono mu consituwensi ya Kilak . Yalondebwa nga omukulembeze wa [[Acholi Parliamentary Group (APG)]] mu Gwomusanvu mu 2021 okumala emyaka ebiri n’ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-23 |title=Anthony Akol Elected Chairperson of Acholi Parliamentary Group |url=https://chimpreports.com/anthony-akol-elected-chairperson-of-acholi-parliamentary-group/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadaga orders MP Anthony Akol to exit Parliament over coronavirus |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/kadaga-orders-mp-anthony-akol-to-exit-parliament-over-coronavirus-1880008 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Akol Anthony - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/akol-anthony-6851/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Anthony Akol |url=https://theyworkforyou.github.io/uganda-parliament-watch/mp/fab1b36d-7a25-4bbd-8603-9afa888de022/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=theyworkforyou.github.io}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amuru petition: Court declares Akol district MP |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/138660 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kyonjo |first=Rashid |date=2021-09-20 |title=Court Dismisses Election Petition Against Kilak North MP Anthony Akol |url=https://thetowerpost.com/2021/09/20/court-dismisses-election-petition-against-kilak-north-mp-anthony-akol/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=TowerPostNews |language=en-US}}</ref> == Emirimu gye egy’ebyobufuzi == Akol yalondebwa mu paalamenti ku tikiti y’ekibiina kya [[:en:Forum_for_Democratic_Change|Forum for Democratic Change]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hon. Akol Anthony » Forum for Democratic Change |url=https://fdc.ug/team/hon-akol-anthony/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Forum for Democratic Change |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=FDC MP Akol blasts Mpuuga for boycotting House sessions |url=https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/126624 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Bukedde |language=en |archive-date=2023-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204101328/https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/126624 |url-status=dead }}</ref> era aweereza ku bukiiko obuvunaanyizibwa ku ddembe ly’obuntu, ebyensimbi n’okuteekeratekera eggwanga. Mu mwezi Ogwomusanvu 2021, yalondebwa okukulira ekibiina kya Acholi Parliamentary Group (APG) n’obululu 11 n’awangula omubaka omukyala owa Paalamenti owa [[:en:Omoro_District|Disitulikiti y’e Omoro]], Catherine Lamwaka eyafuna obululu 10.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-23 |title=Akol calls for unity as he assumes Acholi Parliamentary Group leadership |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/akol-calls-for-unity-as-he-assumes-acholi-parliamentary-group-leadership/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Nga 30 omwezi Ogwolubereberye 2020, Akol yalwaanagana ne munne akiikirira Aruu County, [[:en:Odonga_Otto|Odonga Otto]] ku pigeon hall lobby eya paalamenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MPs Odonga Otto, Anthony Akol trade punches |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1514273 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Akol yategeeza bannamawulire nti ye yali yetaasa ekikonde okuva eri munne,<ref>{{Cite web |title=I simply slapped MP Otto in self-defence, says MP Akol |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/i-simply-slapped-mp-otto-in-self-defence-says-mp-akol-1872482 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref> n’ategeeza nti ye muzito era n’agamba nti singa yakuba Otto ebikonde yandibadde wansi. Mu mwezi Ogwokuna 2019, emmotoka ya Akol yatomera ente ng’esala okkubo ku kyalo Wakisanyi mu [[:en:Kiryandongo_District|disitulikiti y’e Kiryandongo]] ekyaviirako akabenje ne kamulumya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-25 |title=Kilak North County MP Anthony Akol involved in accident |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2019/04/25/kilak-north-county-mp-anthony-akol-involved-in-accident/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Nile Post |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] tqvvgyu2xyueffi9pid3h1jh97jbnft 66762 66761 2026-08-05T17:22:26Z Berniter 10779 66762 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anthony Akol''' Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] akiikirira Bukiika-kono mu consituwensi ya Kilak . Yalondebwa nga omukulembeze wa [[Acholi Parliamentary Group (APG)]] mu Gwomusanvu 2021 okumala emyaka ebiri n’ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-23 |title=Anthony Akol Elected Chairperson of Acholi Parliamentary Group |url=https://chimpreports.com/anthony-akol-elected-chairperson-of-acholi-parliamentary-group/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadaga orders MP Anthony Akol to exit Parliament over coronavirus |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/kadaga-orders-mp-anthony-akol-to-exit-parliament-over-coronavirus-1880008 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Akol Anthony - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/akol-anthony-6851/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Anthony Akol |url=https://theyworkforyou.github.io/uganda-parliament-watch/mp/fab1b36d-7a25-4bbd-8603-9afa888de022/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=theyworkforyou.github.io}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amuru petition: Court declares Akol district MP |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/138660 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kyonjo |first=Rashid |date=2021-09-20 |title=Court Dismisses Election Petition Against Kilak North MP Anthony Akol |url=https://thetowerpost.com/2021/09/20/court-dismisses-election-petition-against-kilak-north-mp-anthony-akol/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=TowerPostNews |language=en-US}}</ref> == Emirimu gye egy’ebyobufuzi == Akol yalondebwa mu paalamenti ku tikiti y’ekibiina kya [[:en:Forum_for_Democratic_Change|Forum for Democratic Change]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hon. Akol Anthony » Forum for Democratic Change |url=https://fdc.ug/team/hon-akol-anthony/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Forum for Democratic Change |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=FDC MP Akol blasts Mpuuga for boycotting House sessions |url=https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/126624 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Bukedde |language=en |archive-date=2023-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204101328/https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/126624 |url-status=dead }}</ref> era aweereza ku bukiiko obuvunaanyizibwa ku ddembe ly’obuntu, ebyensimbi n’okuteekeratekera eggwanga. Mu mwezi Ogwomusanvu 2021, yalondebwa okukulira ekibiina kya Acholi Parliamentary Group (APG) n’obululu 11 n’awangula omubaka omukyala owa Paalamenti owa [[:en:Omoro_District|Disitulikiti y’e Omoro]], Catherine Lamwaka eyafuna obululu 10.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-23 |title=Akol calls for unity as he assumes Acholi Parliamentary Group leadership |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/akol-calls-for-unity-as-he-assumes-acholi-parliamentary-group-leadership/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Nga 30 omwezi Ogwolubereberye 2020, Akol yalwaanagana ne munne akiikirira Aruu County, [[:en:Odonga_Otto|Odonga Otto]] ku pigeon hall lobby eya paalamenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MPs Odonga Otto, Anthony Akol trade punches |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1514273 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Akol yategeeza bannamawulire nti ye yali yetaasa ekikonde okuva eri munne,<ref>{{Cite web |title=I simply slapped MP Otto in self-defence, says MP Akol |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/i-simply-slapped-mp-otto-in-self-defence-says-mp-akol-1872482 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref> n’ategeeza nti ye muzito era n’agamba nti singa yakuba Otto ebikonde yandibadde wansi. Mu mwezi Ogwokuna 2019, emmotoka ya Akol yatomera ente ng’esala okkubo ku kyalo Wakisanyi mu [[:en:Kiryandongo_District|disitulikiti y’e Kiryandongo]] ekyaviirako akabenje ne kamulumya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-25 |title=Kilak North County MP Anthony Akol involved in accident |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2019/04/25/kilak-north-county-mp-anthony-akol-involved-in-accident/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Nile Post |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] ecnrl1nhzvu5etw0wnuukcljwpp1kp6 66764 66762 2026-08-05T17:25:10Z Berniter 10779 /* Emirimu gye egy’ebyobufuzi */ 66764 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anthony Akol''' Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] akiikirira Bukiika-kono mu consituwensi ya Kilak . Yalondebwa nga omukulembeze wa [[Acholi Parliamentary Group (APG)]] mu Gwomusanvu 2021 okumala emyaka ebiri n’ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-23 |title=Anthony Akol Elected Chairperson of Acholi Parliamentary Group |url=https://chimpreports.com/anthony-akol-elected-chairperson-of-acholi-parliamentary-group/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadaga orders MP Anthony Akol to exit Parliament over coronavirus |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/kadaga-orders-mp-anthony-akol-to-exit-parliament-over-coronavirus-1880008 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Akol Anthony - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/akol-anthony-6851/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Anthony Akol |url=https://theyworkforyou.github.io/uganda-parliament-watch/mp/fab1b36d-7a25-4bbd-8603-9afa888de022/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=theyworkforyou.github.io}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amuru petition: Court declares Akol district MP |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/138660 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kyonjo |first=Rashid |date=2021-09-20 |title=Court Dismisses Election Petition Against Kilak North MP Anthony Akol |url=https://thetowerpost.com/2021/09/20/court-dismisses-election-petition-against-kilak-north-mp-anthony-akol/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=TowerPostNews |language=en-US}}</ref> == Omulimu gwe og'webyobufuzi == Akol yalondebwa mu paalamenti ku tikiti y’ekibiina kya [[:en:Forum_for_Democratic_Change|Forum for Democratic Change]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hon. Akol Anthony » Forum for Democratic Change |url=https://fdc.ug/team/hon-akol-anthony/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Forum for Democratic Change |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=FDC MP Akol blasts Mpuuga for boycotting House sessions |url=https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/126624 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Bukedde |language=en |archive-date=2023-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204101328/https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/126624 |url-status=dead }}</ref> era aweereza ku bukiiko obuvunaanyizibwa ku ddembe ly’obuntu, ebyensimbi n’okuteekeratekera eggwanga. Mu mwezi Ogwomusanvu 2021, yalondebwa okukulira ekibiina kya Acholi Parliamentary Group (APG) n’obululu 11 n’awangula omubaka omukyala owa Paalamenti owa [[:en:Omoro_District|Disitulikiti y’e Omoro]], Catherine Lamwaka eyafuna obululu 10.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-23 |title=Akol calls for unity as he assumes Acholi Parliamentary Group leadership |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/akol-calls-for-unity-as-he-assumes-acholi-parliamentary-group-leadership/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Nga 30 omwezi Ogwolubereberye 2020, Akol yalwaanagana ne munne akiikirira Aruu County, [[:en:Odonga_Otto|Odonga Otto]] ku pigeon hall lobby eya paalamenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MPs Odonga Otto, Anthony Akol trade punches |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1514273 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Akol yategeeza bannamawulire nti ye yali yetaasa ekikonde okuva eri munne,<ref>{{Cite web |title=I simply slapped MP Otto in self-defence, says MP Akol |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/i-simply-slapped-mp-otto-in-self-defence-says-mp-akol-1872482 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref> n’ategeeza nti ye muzito era n’agamba nti singa yakuba Otto ebikonde yandibadde wansi. Mu mwezi Ogwokuna 2019, emmotoka ya Akol yatomera ente ng’esala okkubo ku kyalo Wakisanyi mu [[:en:Kiryandongo_District|disitulikiti y’e Kiryandongo]] ekyaviirako akabenje ne kamulumya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-25 |title=Kilak North County MP Anthony Akol involved in accident |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2019/04/25/kilak-north-county-mp-anthony-akol-involved-in-accident/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Nile Post |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] rcpwewn725kyvz6eky27t3ziirw5qhp 66765 66764 2026-08-05T17:28:16Z Berniter 10779 /* Omulimu gwe og'webyobufuzi */ 66765 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anthony Akol''' Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] akiikirira Bukiika-kono mu consituwensi ya Kilak . Yalondebwa nga omukulembeze wa [[Acholi Parliamentary Group (APG)]] mu Gwomusanvu 2021 okumala emyaka ebiri n’ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-23 |title=Anthony Akol Elected Chairperson of Acholi Parliamentary Group |url=https://chimpreports.com/anthony-akol-elected-chairperson-of-acholi-parliamentary-group/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadaga orders MP Anthony Akol to exit Parliament over coronavirus |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/kadaga-orders-mp-anthony-akol-to-exit-parliament-over-coronavirus-1880008 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Akol Anthony - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/akol-anthony-6851/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Anthony Akol |url=https://theyworkforyou.github.io/uganda-parliament-watch/mp/fab1b36d-7a25-4bbd-8603-9afa888de022/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=theyworkforyou.github.io}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amuru petition: Court declares Akol district MP |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/138660 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kyonjo |first=Rashid |date=2021-09-20 |title=Court Dismisses Election Petition Against Kilak North MP Anthony Akol |url=https://thetowerpost.com/2021/09/20/court-dismisses-election-petition-against-kilak-north-mp-anthony-akol/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=TowerPostNews |language=en-US}}</ref> == Omulimu gwe og'webyobufuzi == Akol yalondebwa mu Paalamenti ku kaadi y'ekibiina kya Forum for Democratic Change (FDC).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hon. Akol Anthony » Forum for Democratic Change |url=https://fdc.ug/team/hon-akol-anthony/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Forum for Democratic Change |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=FDC MP Akol blasts Mpuuga for boycotting House sessions |url=https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/126624 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Bukedde |language=en |archive-date=2023-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204101328/https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/126624 |url-status=dead }}</ref> era aweereza ku bukiiko obuvunaanyizibwa ku ddembe ly’obuntu, ebyensimbi n’okuteekeratekera eggwanga. Mu mwezi Ogwomusanvu 2021, yalondebwa okukulira ekibiina kya Acholi Parliamentary Group (APG) n’obululu 11 n’awangula omubaka omukyala owa Paalamenti owa [[:en:Omoro_District|Disitulikiti y’e Omoro]], Catherine Lamwaka eyafuna obululu 10.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-23 |title=Akol calls for unity as he assumes Acholi Parliamentary Group leadership |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/akol-calls-for-unity-as-he-assumes-acholi-parliamentary-group-leadership/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Nga 30 omwezi Ogwolubereberye 2020, Akol yalwaanagana ne munne akiikirira Aruu County, [[:en:Odonga_Otto|Odonga Otto]] ku pigeon hall lobby eya paalamenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MPs Odonga Otto, Anthony Akol trade punches |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1514273 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Akol yategeeza bannamawulire nti ye yali yetaasa ekikonde okuva eri munne,<ref>{{Cite web |title=I simply slapped MP Otto in self-defence, says MP Akol |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/i-simply-slapped-mp-otto-in-self-defence-says-mp-akol-1872482 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref> n’ategeeza nti ye muzito era n’agamba nti singa yakuba Otto ebikonde yandibadde wansi. Mu mwezi Ogwokuna 2019, emmotoka ya Akol yatomera ente ng’esala okkubo ku kyalo Wakisanyi mu [[:en:Kiryandongo_District|disitulikiti y’e Kiryandongo]] ekyaviirako akabenje ne kamulumya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-25 |title=Kilak North County MP Anthony Akol involved in accident |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2019/04/25/kilak-north-county-mp-anthony-akol-involved-in-accident/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Nile Post |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] ncszui7pxtadjf28r6fdebe9xfqvmcb 66766 66765 2026-08-05T17:29:59Z Berniter 10779 66766 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anthony Akol''' Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] akiikirira Bukiika-kono mu consituwensi ya Kilak . Yalondebwa nga omukulembeze wa [[Acholi Parliamentary Group (APG)]] mu Gwomusanvu 2021 okumala emyaka ebiri n’ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-23 |title=Anthony Akol Elected Chairperson of Acholi Parliamentary Group |url=https://chimpreports.com/anthony-akol-elected-chairperson-of-acholi-parliamentary-group/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadaga orders MP Anthony Akol to exit Parliament over coronavirus |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/kadaga-orders-mp-anthony-akol-to-exit-parliament-over-coronavirus-1880008 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Akol Anthony - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/akol-anthony-6851/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Anthony Akol |url=https://theyworkforyou.github.io/uganda-parliament-watch/mp/fab1b36d-7a25-4bbd-8603-9afa888de022/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=theyworkforyou.github.io}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amuru petition: Court declares Akol district MP |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/138660 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kyonjo |first=Rashid |date=2021-09-20 |title=Court Dismisses Election Petition Against Kilak North MP Anthony Akol |url=https://thetowerpost.com/2021/09/20/court-dismisses-election-petition-against-kilak-north-mp-anthony-akol/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=TowerPostNews |language=en-US}}</ref> == Omulimu gwe og'webyobufuzi == Akol yalondebwa mu Paalamenti ku kaadi y'ekibiina kya [[Forum for Democratic Change]] (FDC).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hon. Akol Anthony » Forum for Democratic Change |url=https://fdc.ug/team/hon-akol-anthony/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Forum for Democratic Change |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=FDC MP Akol blasts Mpuuga for boycotting House sessions |url=https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/126624 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Bukedde |language=en |archive-date=2023-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204101328/https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/126624 |url-status=dead }}</ref> era aweereza ku bukiiko obuvunaanyizibwa ku ddembe ly’obuntu, ebyensimbi n’okuteekeratekera eggwanga. Mu mwezi Ogwomusanvu 2021, yalondebwa okukulira ekibiina kya Acholi Parliamentary Group (APG) n’obululu 11 n’awangula omubaka omukyala owa Paalamenti owa [[:en:Omoro_District|Disitulikiti y’e Omoro]], Catherine Lamwaka eyafuna obululu 10.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-23 |title=Akol calls for unity as he assumes Acholi Parliamentary Group leadership |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/akol-calls-for-unity-as-he-assumes-acholi-parliamentary-group-leadership/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Nga 30 omwezi Ogwolubereberye 2020, Akol yalwaanagana ne munne akiikirira Aruu County, [[:en:Odonga_Otto|Odonga Otto]] ku pigeon hall lobby eya paalamenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MPs Odonga Otto, Anthony Akol trade punches |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1514273 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Akol yategeeza bannamawulire nti ye yali yetaasa ekikonde okuva eri munne,<ref>{{Cite web |title=I simply slapped MP Otto in self-defence, says MP Akol |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/i-simply-slapped-mp-otto-in-self-defence-says-mp-akol-1872482 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref> n’ategeeza nti ye muzito era n’agamba nti singa yakuba Otto ebikonde yandibadde wansi. Mu mwezi Ogwokuna 2019, emmotoka ya Akol yatomera ente ng’esala okkubo ku kyalo Wakisanyi mu [[:en:Kiryandongo_District|disitulikiti y’e Kiryandongo]] ekyaviirako akabenje ne kamulumya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-25 |title=Kilak North County MP Anthony Akol involved in accident |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2019/04/25/kilak-north-county-mp-anthony-akol-involved-in-accident/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Nile Post |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] 9t77j99f9d9urbgy8dldyntyde6b6ba 66769 66766 2026-08-05T17:40:10Z Berniter 10779 66769 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anthony Akol''' Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] akiikirira Bukiika-kono mu consituwensi ya Kilak . Yalondebwa nga omukulembeze wa [[Acholi Parliamentary Group (APG)]] mu Gwomusanvu 2021 okumala emyaka ebiri n’ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-23 |title=Anthony Akol Elected Chairperson of Acholi Parliamentary Group |url=https://chimpreports.com/anthony-akol-elected-chairperson-of-acholi-parliamentary-group/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadaga orders MP Anthony Akol to exit Parliament over coronavirus |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/kadaga-orders-mp-anthony-akol-to-exit-parliament-over-coronavirus-1880008 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Akol Anthony - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/akol-anthony-6851/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Anthony Akol |url=https://theyworkforyou.github.io/uganda-parliament-watch/mp/fab1b36d-7a25-4bbd-8603-9afa888de022/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=theyworkforyou.github.io}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amuru petition: Court declares Akol district MP |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/138660 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kyonjo |first=Rashid |date=2021-09-20 |title=Court Dismisses Election Petition Against Kilak North MP Anthony Akol |url=https://thetowerpost.com/2021/09/20/court-dismisses-election-petition-against-kilak-north-mp-anthony-akol/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=TowerPostNews |language=en-US}}</ref> == Omulimu gwe og'webyobufuzi == Akol yalondebwa mu Paalamenti ku kaadi y'ekibiina kya [[Forum for Democratic Change]] (FDC).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hon. Akol Anthony » Forum for Democratic Change |url=https://fdc.ug/team/hon-akol-anthony/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Forum for Democratic Change |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=FDC MP Akol blasts Mpuuga for boycotting House sessions |url=https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/126624 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Bukedde |language=en |archive-date=2023-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204101328/https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/126624 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Era aweereza ku kakiiko ka Palamenti akavunaanyizibwa ku Ddembe ly'Obuntu, Ebyensimbi n'Okuteekateeka, awamu n'Enkulaakulana .. Mu mwezi Ogwomusanvu 2021, yalondebwa okukulira ekibiina kya Acholi Parliamentary Group (APG) n’obululu 11 n’awangula omubaka omukyala owa Paalamenti owa [[:en:Omoro_District|Disitulikiti y’e Omoro]], Catherine Lamwaka eyafuna obululu 10.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-23 |title=Akol calls for unity as he assumes Acholi Parliamentary Group leadership |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/akol-calls-for-unity-as-he-assumes-acholi-parliamentary-group-leadership/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Nga 30 omwezi Ogwolubereberye 2020, Akol yalwaanagana ne munne akiikirira Aruu County, [[:en:Odonga_Otto|Odonga Otto]] ku pigeon hall lobby eya paalamenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MPs Odonga Otto, Anthony Akol trade punches |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1514273 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Akol yategeeza bannamawulire nti ye yali yetaasa ekikonde okuva eri munne,<ref>{{Cite web |title=I simply slapped MP Otto in self-defence, says MP Akol |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/i-simply-slapped-mp-otto-in-self-defence-says-mp-akol-1872482 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref> n’ategeeza nti ye muzito era n’agamba nti singa yakuba Otto ebikonde yandibadde wansi. Mu mwezi Ogwokuna 2019, emmotoka ya Akol yatomera ente ng’esala okkubo ku kyalo Wakisanyi mu [[:en:Kiryandongo_District|disitulikiti y’e Kiryandongo]] ekyaviirako akabenje ne kamulumya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-25 |title=Kilak North County MP Anthony Akol involved in accident |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2019/04/25/kilak-north-county-mp-anthony-akol-involved-in-accident/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Nile Post |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] scw2n3bmt48ci81t57go6ildom0f591 66770 66769 2026-08-05T17:40:32Z Berniter 10779 /* Omulimu gwe og'webyobufuzi */ 66770 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anthony Akol''' Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] akiikirira Bukiika-kono mu consituwensi ya Kilak . Yalondebwa nga omukulembeze wa [[Acholi Parliamentary Group (APG)]] mu Gwomusanvu 2021 okumala emyaka ebiri n’ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-23 |title=Anthony Akol Elected Chairperson of Acholi Parliamentary Group |url=https://chimpreports.com/anthony-akol-elected-chairperson-of-acholi-parliamentary-group/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadaga orders MP Anthony Akol to exit Parliament over coronavirus |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/kadaga-orders-mp-anthony-akol-to-exit-parliament-over-coronavirus-1880008 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Akol Anthony - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/akol-anthony-6851/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Anthony Akol |url=https://theyworkforyou.github.io/uganda-parliament-watch/mp/fab1b36d-7a25-4bbd-8603-9afa888de022/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=theyworkforyou.github.io}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amuru petition: Court declares Akol district MP |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/138660 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kyonjo |first=Rashid |date=2021-09-20 |title=Court Dismisses Election Petition Against Kilak North MP Anthony Akol |url=https://thetowerpost.com/2021/09/20/court-dismisses-election-petition-against-kilak-north-mp-anthony-akol/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=TowerPostNews |language=en-US}}</ref> == Omulimu gwe og'webyobufuzi == Akol yalondebwa mu Paalamenti ku kaadi y'ekibiina kya [[Forum for Democratic Change]] (FDC).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hon. Akol Anthony » Forum for Democratic Change |url=https://fdc.ug/team/hon-akol-anthony/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Forum for Democratic Change |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=FDC MP Akol blasts Mpuuga for boycotting House sessions |url=https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/126624 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Bukedde |language=en |archive-date=2023-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204101328/https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/126624 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Era aweereza ku kakiiko ka Paalamenti akavunaanyizibwa ku Ddembe ly'Obuntu, Ebyensimbi n'Okuteekateeka, awamu n'Enkulaakulana .. Mu mwezi Ogwomusanvu 2021, yalondebwa okukulira ekibiina kya Acholi Parliamentary Group (APG) n’obululu 11 n’awangula omubaka omukyala owa Paalamenti owa [[:en:Omoro_District|Disitulikiti y’e Omoro]], Catherine Lamwaka eyafuna obululu 10.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-23 |title=Akol calls for unity as he assumes Acholi Parliamentary Group leadership |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/akol-calls-for-unity-as-he-assumes-acholi-parliamentary-group-leadership/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Nga 30 omwezi Ogwolubereberye 2020, Akol yalwaanagana ne munne akiikirira Aruu County, [[:en:Odonga_Otto|Odonga Otto]] ku pigeon hall lobby eya paalamenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MPs Odonga Otto, Anthony Akol trade punches |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1514273 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Akol yategeeza bannamawulire nti ye yali yetaasa ekikonde okuva eri munne,<ref>{{Cite web |title=I simply slapped MP Otto in self-defence, says MP Akol |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/i-simply-slapped-mp-otto-in-self-defence-says-mp-akol-1872482 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref> n’ategeeza nti ye muzito era n’agamba nti singa yakuba Otto ebikonde yandibadde wansi. Mu mwezi Ogwokuna 2019, emmotoka ya Akol yatomera ente ng’esala okkubo ku kyalo Wakisanyi mu [[:en:Kiryandongo_District|disitulikiti y’e Kiryandongo]] ekyaviirako akabenje ne kamulumya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-25 |title=Kilak North County MP Anthony Akol involved in accident |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2019/04/25/kilak-north-county-mp-anthony-akol-involved-in-accident/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Nile Post |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] 8ujc18u1dopk1fxpvigd58k1uayhvs6 66771 66770 2026-08-05T17:41:05Z Berniter 10779 /* Omulimu gwe og'webyobufuzi */ 66771 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anthony Akol''' Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] akiikirira Bukiika-kono mu consituwensi ya Kilak . Yalondebwa nga omukulembeze wa [[Acholi Parliamentary Group (APG)]] mu Gwomusanvu 2021 okumala emyaka ebiri n’ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-23 |title=Anthony Akol Elected Chairperson of Acholi Parliamentary Group |url=https://chimpreports.com/anthony-akol-elected-chairperson-of-acholi-parliamentary-group/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadaga orders MP Anthony Akol to exit Parliament over coronavirus |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/kadaga-orders-mp-anthony-akol-to-exit-parliament-over-coronavirus-1880008 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Akol Anthony - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/akol-anthony-6851/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Anthony Akol |url=https://theyworkforyou.github.io/uganda-parliament-watch/mp/fab1b36d-7a25-4bbd-8603-9afa888de022/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=theyworkforyou.github.io}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amuru petition: Court declares Akol district MP |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/138660 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kyonjo |first=Rashid |date=2021-09-20 |title=Court Dismisses Election Petition Against Kilak North MP Anthony Akol |url=https://thetowerpost.com/2021/09/20/court-dismisses-election-petition-against-kilak-north-mp-anthony-akol/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=TowerPostNews |language=en-US}}</ref> == Omulimu gwe og'webyobufuzi == Akol yalondebwa mu Paalamenti ku kaadi y'ekibiina kya [[Forum for Democratic Change]] (FDC).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hon. Akol Anthony » Forum for Democratic Change |url=https://fdc.ug/team/hon-akol-anthony/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Forum for Democratic Change |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=FDC MP Akol blasts Mpuuga for boycotting House sessions |url=https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/126624 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Bukedde |language=en |archive-date=2023-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204101328/https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/126624 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Era aweereza ku kakiiko ka Paalamenti akavunaanyizibwa ku Ddembe ly'Obuntu, Ebyensimbi n'Okuteekateeka, awamu n'Enkulaakulana .Mu mwezi Ogwomusanvu 2021, yalondebwa okukulira ekibiina kya Acholi Parliamentary Group (APG) n’obululu 11 n’awangula omubaka omukyala owa Paalamenti owa [[:en:Omoro_District|Disitulikiti y’e Omoro]], Catherine Lamwaka eyafuna obululu 10.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-23 |title=Akol calls for unity as he assumes Acholi Parliamentary Group leadership |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/akol-calls-for-unity-as-he-assumes-acholi-parliamentary-group-leadership/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Nga 30 omwezi Ogwolubereberye 2020, Akol yalwaanagana ne munne akiikirira Aruu County, [[:en:Odonga_Otto|Odonga Otto]] ku pigeon hall lobby eya paalamenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MPs Odonga Otto, Anthony Akol trade punches |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1514273 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Akol yategeeza bannamawulire nti ye yali yetaasa ekikonde okuva eri munne,<ref>{{Cite web |title=I simply slapped MP Otto in self-defence, says MP Akol |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/i-simply-slapped-mp-otto-in-self-defence-says-mp-akol-1872482 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref> n’ategeeza nti ye muzito era n’agamba nti singa yakuba Otto ebikonde yandibadde wansi. Mu mwezi Ogwokuna 2019, emmotoka ya Akol yatomera ente ng’esala okkubo ku kyalo Wakisanyi mu [[:en:Kiryandongo_District|disitulikiti y’e Kiryandongo]] ekyaviirako akabenje ne kamulumya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-25 |title=Kilak North County MP Anthony Akol involved in accident |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2019/04/25/kilak-north-county-mp-anthony-akol-involved-in-accident/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Nile Post |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] ks8chyfcynfmsb9nkdmlp8q1nmqw5y4 66772 66771 2026-08-05T17:41:39Z Berniter 10779 /* Omulimu gwe og'webyobufuzi */ 66772 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anthony Akol''' Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] akiikirira Bukiika-kono mu consituwensi ya Kilak . Yalondebwa nga omukulembeze wa [[Acholi Parliamentary Group (APG)]] mu Gwomusanvu 2021 okumala emyaka ebiri n’ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-23 |title=Anthony Akol Elected Chairperson of Acholi Parliamentary Group |url=https://chimpreports.com/anthony-akol-elected-chairperson-of-acholi-parliamentary-group/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadaga orders MP Anthony Akol to exit Parliament over coronavirus |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/kadaga-orders-mp-anthony-akol-to-exit-parliament-over-coronavirus-1880008 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Akol Anthony - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/akol-anthony-6851/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Anthony Akol |url=https://theyworkforyou.github.io/uganda-parliament-watch/mp/fab1b36d-7a25-4bbd-8603-9afa888de022/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=theyworkforyou.github.io}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amuru petition: Court declares Akol district MP |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/138660 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kyonjo |first=Rashid |date=2021-09-20 |title=Court Dismisses Election Petition Against Kilak North MP Anthony Akol |url=https://thetowerpost.com/2021/09/20/court-dismisses-election-petition-against-kilak-north-mp-anthony-akol/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=TowerPostNews |language=en-US}}</ref> == Omulimu gwe og'webyobufuzi == Akol yalondebwa mu Paalamenti ku kaadi y'ekibiina kya [[Forum for Democratic Change]] (FDC).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hon. Akol Anthony » Forum for Democratic Change |url=https://fdc.ug/team/hon-akol-anthony/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Forum for Democratic Change |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=FDC MP Akol blasts Mpuuga for boycotting House sessions |url=https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/126624 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Bukedde |language=en |archive-date=2023-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204101328/https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/126624 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Era aweereza ku kakiiko ka Paalamenti akavunaanyizibwa ku Ddembe ly'Obuntu, Ebyensimbi n'Okuteekateeka, awamu n'Enkulaakulana .Mu Gwomusanvu 2021, yalondebwa okukulira ekibiina kya Acholi Parliamentary Group (APG) n’obululu 11 n’awangula omubaka omukyala owa Paalamenti owa [[:en:Omoro_District|Disitulikiti y’e Omoro]], Catherine Lamwaka eyafuna obululu 10.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-23 |title=Akol calls for unity as he assumes Acholi Parliamentary Group leadership |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/akol-calls-for-unity-as-he-assumes-acholi-parliamentary-group-leadership/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Nga 30 omwezi Ogwolubereberye 2020, Akol yalwaanagana ne munne akiikirira Aruu County, [[:en:Odonga_Otto|Odonga Otto]] ku pigeon hall lobby eya paalamenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MPs Odonga Otto, Anthony Akol trade punches |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1514273 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Akol yategeeza bannamawulire nti ye yali yetaasa ekikonde okuva eri munne,<ref>{{Cite web |title=I simply slapped MP Otto in self-defence, says MP Akol |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/i-simply-slapped-mp-otto-in-self-defence-says-mp-akol-1872482 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref> n’ategeeza nti ye muzito era n’agamba nti singa yakuba Otto ebikonde yandibadde wansi. Mu mwezi Ogwokuna 2019, emmotoka ya Akol yatomera ente ng’esala okkubo ku kyalo Wakisanyi mu [[:en:Kiryandongo_District|disitulikiti y’e Kiryandongo]] ekyaviirako akabenje ne kamulumya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-25 |title=Kilak North County MP Anthony Akol involved in accident |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2019/04/25/kilak-north-county-mp-anthony-akol-involved-in-accident/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Nile Post |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] lyn2ztrd7apl87elnjds6g733j6h64l 66773 66772 2026-08-05T17:44:05Z Berniter 10779 66773 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anthony Akol''' Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] akiikirira Bukiika-kono mu consituwensi ya Kilak . Yalondebwa nga omukulembeze wa [[Acholi Parliamentary Group (APG)]] mu Gwomusanvu 2021 okumala emyaka ebiri n’ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-23 |title=Anthony Akol Elected Chairperson of Acholi Parliamentary Group |url=https://chimpreports.com/anthony-akol-elected-chairperson-of-acholi-parliamentary-group/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadaga orders MP Anthony Akol to exit Parliament over coronavirus |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/kadaga-orders-mp-anthony-akol-to-exit-parliament-over-coronavirus-1880008 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Akol Anthony - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/akol-anthony-6851/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Anthony Akol |url=https://theyworkforyou.github.io/uganda-parliament-watch/mp/fab1b36d-7a25-4bbd-8603-9afa888de022/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=theyworkforyou.github.io}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amuru petition: Court declares Akol district MP |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/138660 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kyonjo |first=Rashid |date=2021-09-20 |title=Court Dismisses Election Petition Against Kilak North MP Anthony Akol |url=https://thetowerpost.com/2021/09/20/court-dismisses-election-petition-against-kilak-north-mp-anthony-akol/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=TowerPostNews |language=en-US}}</ref> == Omulimu gwe og'webyobufuzi == Akol yalondebwa mu Paalamenti ku kaadi y'ekibiina kya [[Forum for Democratic Change]] (FDC).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hon. Akol Anthony » Forum for Democratic Change |url=https://fdc.ug/team/hon-akol-anthony/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Forum for Democratic Change |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=FDC MP Akol blasts Mpuuga for boycotting House sessions |url=https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/126624 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Bukedde |language=en |archive-date=2023-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204101328/https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/126624 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Era aweereza ku kakiiko ka Paalamenti akavunaanyizibwa ku Ddembe ly'Obuntu, Ebyensimbi n'Okuteekateeka, awamu n'Enkulaakulana .Mu Gwomusanvu 2021, yalondebwa okuba omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Acholi Parliamentary Group (APG) n’obululu 11 n’awangula omubaka omukyala owa Paalamenti owa [[:en:Omoro_District|Disitulikiti y’e Omoro]], Catherine Lamwaka eyafuna obululu 10.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-23 |title=Akol calls for unity as he assumes Acholi Parliamentary Group leadership |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/akol-calls-for-unity-as-he-assumes-acholi-parliamentary-group-leadership/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Nga 30 omwezi Ogwolubereberye 2020, Akol yalwaanagana ne munne akiikirira Aruu County, [[:en:Odonga_Otto|Odonga Otto]] ku pigeon hall lobby eya paalamenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MPs Odonga Otto, Anthony Akol trade punches |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1514273 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Akol yategeeza bannamawulire nti ye yali yetaasa ekikonde okuva eri munne,<ref>{{Cite web |title=I simply slapped MP Otto in self-defence, says MP Akol |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/i-simply-slapped-mp-otto-in-self-defence-says-mp-akol-1872482 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref> n’ategeeza nti ye muzito era n’agamba nti singa yakuba Otto ebikonde yandibadde wansi. Mu mwezi Ogwokuna 2019, emmotoka ya Akol yatomera ente ng’esala okkubo ku kyalo Wakisanyi mu [[:en:Kiryandongo_District|disitulikiti y’e Kiryandongo]] ekyaviirako akabenje ne kamulumya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-25 |title=Kilak North County MP Anthony Akol involved in accident |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2019/04/25/kilak-north-county-mp-anthony-akol-involved-in-accident/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Nile Post |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] t5danp2dwruqsrkhycw5ezjravuq2pl 66774 66773 2026-08-05T17:44:39Z Berniter 10779 66774 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anthony Akol''' Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] akiikirira Bukiika-kono mu consituwensi ya Kilak . Yalondebwa nga omukulembeze wa [[Acholi Parliamentary Group (APG)]] mu Gwomusanvu 2021 okumala emyaka ebiri n’ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-23 |title=Anthony Akol Elected Chairperson of Acholi Parliamentary Group |url=https://chimpreports.com/anthony-akol-elected-chairperson-of-acholi-parliamentary-group/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadaga orders MP Anthony Akol to exit Parliament over coronavirus |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/kadaga-orders-mp-anthony-akol-to-exit-parliament-over-coronavirus-1880008 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Akol Anthony - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/akol-anthony-6851/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Anthony Akol |url=https://theyworkforyou.github.io/uganda-parliament-watch/mp/fab1b36d-7a25-4bbd-8603-9afa888de022/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=theyworkforyou.github.io}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amuru petition: Court declares Akol district MP |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/138660 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kyonjo |first=Rashid |date=2021-09-20 |title=Court Dismisses Election Petition Against Kilak North MP Anthony Akol |url=https://thetowerpost.com/2021/09/20/court-dismisses-election-petition-against-kilak-north-mp-anthony-akol/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=TowerPostNews |language=en-US}}</ref> == Omulimu gwe og'webyobufuzi == Akol yalondebwa mu Paalamenti ku kaadi y'ekibiina kya [[Forum for Democratic Change]] (FDC).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hon. Akol Anthony » Forum for Democratic Change |url=https://fdc.ug/team/hon-akol-anthony/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Forum for Democratic Change |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=FDC MP Akol blasts Mpuuga for boycotting House sessions |url=https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/126624 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Bukedde |language=en |archive-date=2023-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204101328/https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/126624 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Era aweereza ku kakiiko ka Paalamenti akavunaanyizibwa ku Ddembe ly'Obuntu, Ebyensimbi n'Okuteekateeka, awamu n'Enkulaakulana .Mu Gwomusanvu 2021, yalondebwa okuba omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya [[Acholi Parliamentary Group]] (APG) n’obululu 11 n’awangula omubaka omukyala owa Paalamenti owa [[:en:Omoro_District|Disitulikiti y’e Omoro]], Catherine Lamwaka eyafuna obululu 10.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-23 |title=Akol calls for unity as he assumes Acholi Parliamentary Group leadership |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/akol-calls-for-unity-as-he-assumes-acholi-parliamentary-group-leadership/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Nga 30 omwezi Ogwolubereberye 2020, Akol yalwaanagana ne munne akiikirira Aruu County, [[:en:Odonga_Otto|Odonga Otto]] ku pigeon hall lobby eya paalamenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MPs Odonga Otto, Anthony Akol trade punches |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1514273 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Akol yategeeza bannamawulire nti ye yali yetaasa ekikonde okuva eri munne,<ref>{{Cite web |title=I simply slapped MP Otto in self-defence, says MP Akol |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/i-simply-slapped-mp-otto-in-self-defence-says-mp-akol-1872482 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref> n’ategeeza nti ye muzito era n’agamba nti singa yakuba Otto ebikonde yandibadde wansi. Mu mwezi Ogwokuna 2019, emmotoka ya Akol yatomera ente ng’esala okkubo ku kyalo Wakisanyi mu [[:en:Kiryandongo_District|disitulikiti y’e Kiryandongo]] ekyaviirako akabenje ne kamulumya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-25 |title=Kilak North County MP Anthony Akol involved in accident |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2019/04/25/kilak-north-county-mp-anthony-akol-involved-in-accident/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Nile Post |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] qsec2qotkh96dc8sg0fb04315kb6xl2 66777 66774 2026-08-05T17:49:30Z Berniter 10779 66777 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anthony Akol''' Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] akiikirira Bukiika-kono mu consituwensi ya Kilak . Yalondebwa nga omukulembeze wa [[Acholi Parliamentary Group (APG)]] mu Gwomusanvu 2021 okumala emyaka ebiri n’ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-23 |title=Anthony Akol Elected Chairperson of Acholi Parliamentary Group |url=https://chimpreports.com/anthony-akol-elected-chairperson-of-acholi-parliamentary-group/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadaga orders MP Anthony Akol to exit Parliament over coronavirus |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/kadaga-orders-mp-anthony-akol-to-exit-parliament-over-coronavirus-1880008 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Akol Anthony - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/akol-anthony-6851/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Anthony Akol |url=https://theyworkforyou.github.io/uganda-parliament-watch/mp/fab1b36d-7a25-4bbd-8603-9afa888de022/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=theyworkforyou.github.io}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amuru petition: Court declares Akol district MP |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/138660 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kyonjo |first=Rashid |date=2021-09-20 |title=Court Dismisses Election Petition Against Kilak North MP Anthony Akol |url=https://thetowerpost.com/2021/09/20/court-dismisses-election-petition-against-kilak-north-mp-anthony-akol/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=TowerPostNews |language=en-US}}</ref> == Omulimu gwe og'webyobufuzi == Akol yalondebwa mu Paalamenti ku kaadi y'ekibiina kya [[Forum for Democratic Change]] (FDC).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hon. Akol Anthony » Forum for Democratic Change |url=https://fdc.ug/team/hon-akol-anthony/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Forum for Democratic Change |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=FDC MP Akol blasts Mpuuga for boycotting House sessions |url=https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/126624 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Bukedde |language=en |archive-date=2023-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204101328/https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/126624 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Era aweereza ku kakiiko ka Paalamenti akavunaanyizibwa ku Ddembe ly'Obuntu, Ebyensimbi n'Okuteekateeka, awamu n'Enkulaakulana .Mu Gwomusanvu 2021, yalondebwa okuba omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya [[Acholi Parliamentary Group]] (APG) n'obululu kuminakamu n'awangula omubaka omukyala mu Paalamenti  owa  Disitulikiti y'e Omoro, Catherine Lamwaka eyafuna obululu kumi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-23 |title=Akol calls for unity as he assumes Acholi Parliamentary Group leadership |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/akol-calls-for-unity-as-he-assumes-acholi-parliamentary-group-leadership/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Nga 30 omwezi Ogwolubereberye 2020, Akol yalwaanagana ne munne akiikirira Aruu County, [[:en:Odonga_Otto|Odonga Otto]] ku pigeon hall lobby eya paalamenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MPs Odonga Otto, Anthony Akol trade punches |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1514273 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Akol yategeeza bannamawulire nti ye yali yetaasa ekikonde okuva eri munne,<ref>{{Cite web |title=I simply slapped MP Otto in self-defence, says MP Akol |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/i-simply-slapped-mp-otto-in-self-defence-says-mp-akol-1872482 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref> n’ategeeza nti ye muzito era n’agamba nti singa yakuba Otto ebikonde yandibadde wansi. Mu mwezi Ogwokuna 2019, emmotoka ya Akol yatomera ente ng’esala okkubo ku kyalo Wakisanyi mu [[:en:Kiryandongo_District|disitulikiti y’e Kiryandongo]] ekyaviirako akabenje ne kamulumya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-25 |title=Kilak North County MP Anthony Akol involved in accident |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2019/04/25/kilak-north-county-mp-anthony-akol-involved-in-accident/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Nile Post |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] abi6omef1atnd3vi8igkvsn4d140t21 66779 66777 2026-08-05T17:50:17Z Berniter 10779 66779 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Anthony Akol''' Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi era mmemba wa [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] akiikirira Bukiika-kono mu consituwensi ya Kilak . Yalondebwa nga omukulembeze wa [[Acholi Parliamentary Group (APG)]] mu Gwomusanvu 2021 okumala emyaka ebiri n’ekitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-23 |title=Anthony Akol Elected Chairperson of Acholi Parliamentary Group |url=https://chimpreports.com/anthony-akol-elected-chairperson-of-acholi-parliamentary-group/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kadaga orders MP Anthony Akol to exit Parliament over coronavirus |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/kadaga-orders-mp-anthony-akol-to-exit-parliament-over-coronavirus-1880008 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Akol Anthony - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/akol-anthony-6851/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Anthony Akol |url=https://theyworkforyou.github.io/uganda-parliament-watch/mp/fab1b36d-7a25-4bbd-8603-9afa888de022/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=theyworkforyou.github.io}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amuru petition: Court declares Akol district MP |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/138660 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kyonjo |first=Rashid |date=2021-09-20 |title=Court Dismisses Election Petition Against Kilak North MP Anthony Akol |url=https://thetowerpost.com/2021/09/20/court-dismisses-election-petition-against-kilak-north-mp-anthony-akol/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=TowerPostNews |language=en-US}}</ref> == Omulimu gwe og'webyobufuzi == Akol yalondebwa mu Paalamenti ku kaadi y'ekibiina kya [[Forum for Democratic Change]] (FDC).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hon. Akol Anthony » Forum for Democratic Change |url=https://fdc.ug/team/hon-akol-anthony/ |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Forum for Democratic Change |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=FDC MP Akol blasts Mpuuga for boycotting House sessions |url=https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/126624 |access-date=2023-02-04 |website=Bukedde |language=en |archive-date=2023-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204101328/https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/126624 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Era aweereza ku kakiiko ka Paalamenti akavunaanyizibwa ku Ddembe ly'Obuntu, Ebyensimbi n'Okuteekateeka, awamu n'Enkulaakulana .Mu Gwomusanvu 2021, yalondebwa okuba omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya [[Acholi Parliamentary Group]] (APG) n'obululu kuminakamu n'awangula omubaka omukyala mu Paalamenti  owa  Disitulikiti y'e Omoro, Catherine Lamwaka eyafuna obululu kumi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-23 |title=Akol calls for unity as he assumes Acholi Parliamentary Group leadership |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/akol-calls-for-unity-as-he-assumes-acholi-parliamentary-group-leadership/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Nga 30 Ogwolubereberye 2020, Akol yalwaanagana ne munne akiikirira Aruu County, [[:en:Odonga_Otto|Odonga Otto]] ku pigeon hall lobby eya paalamenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MPs Odonga Otto, Anthony Akol trade punches |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1514273 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’olutalo, Akol yategeeza bannamawulire nti ye yali yetaasa ekikonde okuva eri munne,<ref>{{Cite web |title=I simply slapped MP Otto in self-defence, says MP Akol |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/i-simply-slapped-mp-otto-in-self-defence-says-mp-akol-1872482 |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Daily Monitor |language=en}}</ref> n’ategeeza nti ye muzito era n’agamba nti singa yakuba Otto ebikonde yandibadde wansi. Mu mwezi Ogwokuna 2019, emmotoka ya Akol yatomera ente ng’esala okkubo ku kyalo Wakisanyi mu [[:en:Kiryandongo_District|disitulikiti y’e Kiryandongo]] ekyaviirako akabenje ne kamulumya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-25 |title=Kilak North County MP Anthony Akol involved in accident |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2019/04/25/kilak-north-county-mp-anthony-akol-involved-in-accident/ |access-date=2021-08-17 |website=Nile Post |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] tssx1t07vyurzswilmmqnaeqs1qq32g 0 13283 66794 59142 2026-08-05T18:36:38Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 7 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66794 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Helen C. Epstein''' (yazaalibwa mu 1961) Mumerika Pulofeesa mu by'eddembe ly’obuntu n’ebyobulamu by’abantu, ng’alina okwagala okw'enjawulo kwalina ku [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] n’amawanga amalala ag’omu [[:en:East_Africa|buvanjuba bwa Africa]] . Anoonyerezzaako ku bulamu bw'okuzaala ne [[:en:AIDS_in_Africa|mukenenya mu Africa]] ng'akolera ebitongole nga [[:en:Rockefeller_Foundation|Rockefeller Foundation]], [[:en:Population_Council|Population Council]], ne [[:en:Human_Rights_Watch|Human Rights Watch]]. Okuva mu 2003-2004, yawangula engule ya John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Fellowship. Omwaka ogwaddako, yali munoonyereza omukenkufu eyakyala mu [[:en:Princeton_University|Princeton University]] mu kitongole kyayo ekyali kikola ku bulamu bw'abantu n'obulungi bwabwe ekya Center for Health and Wellbeing. <ref name="Hobart_Smith">https://www.hws.edu/offices/president/presidents-forum/epstein.aspx</ref> Epstein muwandiisi w’ebitabo bibiri, era abadde atera okuwandiika mu lupapula lwa ''[[:en:The_New_York_Review_of_Books|The New York Review of Books]]'' . Emiko gye era gifulumiddeko mu ''[[:en:The_New_York_Times_Magazine|The New York Times Magazine]]'', ''[[:en:The_Washington_Post|The Washington Post]]'', ''[[:en:The_Times_Literary_Supplement|The Times Literary Supplement]]'', ''[[:en:The_Lancet|The Lancet]]'', ''[[:en:Granta|Granta Magazine]]'', n’ebitabo ebirala bingi. <ref name="princeton">https://chw.princeton.edu/people/past-visitors</ref> == Ebikwata ku bulamu bwe == Epstein yafuna diguli ye esooka mu 1984 (mu ssomo lya Physics, mu [[:en:University_of_California-Berkeley|University of California-Berkeley]] ), Diguli Eyookusatu mu 1991 (mu ssomo lya Molecular Biology, mu [[:en:Cambridge_University|Cambridge University]] ), ne Diguli Eyookubiri mu 1996 (Mu ssomo ly'ebyobulamu bw’abantu mu nsi ezikyakula, mu [[:en:London_School_of_Hygiene_and_Tropical_Medicine|London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine]] ). Mu 1993, yagenda e Uganda okunoonya [[:en:AIDS_vaccine|eddagala erigema mukenenya]] nga akiikirira ekitongole kya [[:en:Chiron_Corporation|Chiron Corporation]] ne [[:en:Case_Western_Reserve_University|Case Western Reserve University]] . <ref name="Hobart_Smith">{{Cite web |date=January 31, 2024 |title=Helen Epstein |url=https://www.hws.edu/offices/president/presidents-forum/epstein.aspx |series=President's Forum |publisher=[[Hobart and William Smith]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.hws.edu/offices/president/presidents-forum/epstein.aspx "Helen Epstein"]. President's Forum. [[Hobart and William Smith]]. January 31, 2024.</cite></ref> Bwe yali mu Uganda, yasomesanga essomo lya molecular biology mu ssomero ly'obusawo mu [[:en:Makerere_University|yunivasite y'e Makerere]] mu [[:en:Kampala|Kampala]] . Wadde nga kaweefube we ow’okunoonya eddagala erigema yalemererwa, Epstein yasobola okulaba ku lulwe okubonaabona okwavanga ku [[:en:HIV|Akawuka akaleeta siriimu]], okwafuuka omulamwa gw’ekitabo kye ekyafulumizibwa mu 2007, ''The Invisible Cure: Africa, the West, and the Fight Against AIDS'' (weetegereze: bwe kyaddamu okufulumizibwa mu mpapula aba [[:en:Picador_(imprint)|Picador]] mu 2008, omutwe omutono gwakyusibwa ne gufuulibwa ''Why We Are Losing the Fight Okulwanyisa mukenenya mu Africa'' ). Ekitabo kino kikwata ku bulamu bwe mu myaka 15 gye yamala ng’asoma ku kirwadde kya mukenenya n’engeri bannassaayansi b’amawanga g’ebweru, ebitongole ebiyamba abantu, n’ebitundu ebisinga okukosebwa abantu abafa mukenenya gye baakola ku kirwadde kino. Agamba nti amawanga ga Africa agasinga okukosebwa akawuka ka siriimu tekiri nti bannansi baago "beegatta n'abantu abangi ab'enjawulo", wabula gye kitera okubeera ekyabulijjo abantu okubeera n'omukwano ogw'okwegatta "ogw'ekiseera ekiwanvu", omuntu ssekinnoomu mw'ayinza okuba n'ababeezi abasukka mu omu ab'ekiseera ekiwanvu omulundi gumu, era ng'ababeezi abamu bayinza okukwatagana okumala emyezi oba emyaka. <ref name="philanthropyaction">https://web.archive.org/web/20190212214106/http://philanthropyaction.com/articles/interview_aids_journalist_helen_epstein_on_the_invisible_cure</ref> Alaga engeri omukutu guno omunene ogw'okwegatta ogugenda mu maaso gye "gutondawo embeera ennungi ey'okusaasaanya akawuka ka siriimu; singa omuntu omu mu mukutu guno afuna akawuka ka siriimu, abalala bonna bateekebwa mu bulabe." <ref name="philanthropyaction" /> ''The Invisible Cure'' yakola olukalala lw'abitabo [[:en:The_New_York_Times_Book_Review#Best_Books_of_the_Year_and_Notable_Books|100 ebissibwamu ekitiibwa]] mu mpapula z'amawulire ga ''The New York Times'' mu okuva mu 2007. <ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/02/books/review/notable-books-2007.html</ref> Oluvannyuma lwa ''The Invisible Cure'', Epstein yagenda mu maaso n'okunoonyereza ku nsonga z'ebyobufuzi, eby'obulamu n'ensonga z'abantu mu Uganda n'awalala mu [[:en:East_Africa|Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] . <ref name="NYRB_AFM">https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2017/10/26/uganda-routine-horrors/</ref> <ref name="PuliterRahman">https://pulitzercenter.org/blog/helen-epstein-and-wests-role-african-terror</ref> Amawulire ge ku ssemazinga gaafulumiranga nnyo mu lupapula lwa ''The New York Times'' ne ''The New York Review of Books'' . <ref name="KirkusAFM">https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/helen-epstein-2/another-fine-mess-epstein/</ref> Okweyongera okussa essira ku by'obufuzi bya Africa kyamuviirako okuwandiika ekitabo ekyafulumizibwa mu 2017, ekya ''Another Fine Mess: America, Uganda, and the War on Terror'' . Mu mulimu guno, avumirira enkola ya [[:en:United_States|America]] ey’ensonga z’ebweru olw’okuwagira nnakyemalira wa Uganda [[:en:Yoweri_Museveni|Yoweri Museveni]] awatali bukwakkulizo, ky’alowooza nti kye kyaviirako ekitundu kino okutabuka mu byobufuzi n’okubonaabona okubunye mu ggwanga. <ref>https://globalreports.columbia.edu/books/another-fine-mess/</ref> Okuva mu 2010, Epstein abadde Pulofeesa omugenyi ow’eddembe ly’obuntu n’ebyobulamu by’abantu mu nsi yonna mu nteekateeka y’okunoonyereza ne mu mawanga ag'enjawulo ku [[:en:Bard_College|Bard College]] . <ref>https://www.bard.edu/faculty/helen-epstein?action=details</ref> Mu 2013-2014, yali omu ku ba Open Society ne [[:en:Open_Society_Foundations|Open Society Foundations]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 5, 2013 |title=Helen Epstein: Open Society Fellow |url=https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/people/helen-epstein |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160214194726/https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/people/helen-epstein |archive-date=February 14, 2016 |website=[[Open Society Foundations]]}}</ref> == Ensengeka y’ebitabo bye == === Ebitabo === * {{Cite book |year=2007 |title=The Invisible Cure: Africa, the West, and the Fight Against AIDS |url=https://archive.org/details/invisiblecureafr0000epst_w5b3 |publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux |isbn=978-0374281526}}<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/03/health/03book.html</ref> * {{Cite book |year=2017 |title=Another Fine Mess: America, Uganda, and the War on Terror |url=https://archive.org/details/anotherfinemessa0000epst |publisher=Columbia Global Reports |isbn=978-0997722925}}<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_van_de_Walle</ref> === Okuddamu okwetegereza ebitabo ebyalondebwa === {| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%" !Omwaka ! class="unsortable" | Ekitundu eky’okuddamu okwetegereza ! class="unsortable" | Emirimu (emirimu) egyekenneenyeddwa |- | 2007 |{{cite magazine|df=mdy|date=June 28, 2007|title=Death by the Numbers|magazine=The New York Review of Books|url=https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2007/06/28/death-by-the-numbers/|url-access=limited}} | {{cite book |last=Johnson |first=Steven |year=2006 |title=[[The Ghost Map|The Ghost Map: The Story of London's Most Terrifying Epidemic—and How It Changed Science, Cities, and the Modern World]] |publisher= |isbn= |authorlink=Steven Johnson (author)}} |- | 2007 | {| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%" |{{cite magazine|df=mdy|date=July 19, 2007|title=Getting Away With Murder|magazine=The New York Review of Books|url=https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2007/07/19/getting-away-with-murder/|url-access=limited}} |} | {{cite book |last=Brandt |first=Allan M. |year=2007 |title=The Cigarette Century: The Rise, Fall and Deadly Persistence of the Product That Defined America |url=https://archive.org/details/cigarettecentury00bran |publisher= |isbn=}} |- | 2015 | {{cite magazine|df=mdy|date=November 5, 2015|title=The Strange Politics of Saving the Children|magazine=The New York Review of Books|url=https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2015/11/05/strange-politics-saving-children/|url-access=limited}} | {{cite book |last=Fifield |first=Adam |year=2015 |title=A Mighty Purpose: How Jim Grant Sold the World on Saving Its Children |url=https://archive.org/details/mightypurposehow0000fifi |publisher= |isbn=}} |- | 2020 | {{cite magazine|df=mdy|date=March 26, 2020|title=Left Behind|magazine=The New York Review of Books|url=https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2020/03/26/left-behind-life-expectancy-crisis/|url-access=limited}} | {| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%" |{{cite book |last1=Case |first1=Anne |year=2020 |title=Deaths of Despair and the Future of Capitalism |url=https://archive.org/details/deathsofdespairf0000case |last2=Deaton |first2=Angus |publisher= |isbn=}} {{cite book |last=Silva |first=Jennifer M. |year=2019 |title=We're Still Here: Pain and Politics in the Heart of America |url=https://archive.org/details/werestillherepai0000silv |publisher= |isbn=}} |} |- | 2021. Omuntu w’abantu | {{cite magazine|df=mdy|date=June 10, 2021|title=The Roots of Rwanda's Genocide|magazine=The New York Review of Books|url=https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2021/06/10/roots-of-rwanda-genocide/|url-access=limited}} Yawandiika wamu ne Claude Gatebuke. | {{cite book |last=Wong |first=Michela |year=2021 |title=Do Not Disturb: The Story of a Political Murder and an African Regime Gone Bad |url=https://archive.org/details/donotdisturbstor0000wron |publisher= |isbn=}} |} === Emiko egyalondebwamu === * {{Cite web |last=Epstein |first=Helen |date=May 18, 2001 |title=The Plagues of Transition |url=https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/the-plagues-of-transition |website=Project Syndicate}} *  {{cite news|last=Epstein|first=Helen|title=The Fidelity Fix|date=June 13, 2004|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/06/13/magazine/the-fidelity-fix.html?_r=0|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522094441/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/06/13/magazine/the-fidelity-fix.html?_r=0|archive-date=May 22, 2023|newspaper=The New York Times}} * {{cite news|last=Epstein|first=Helen|title=There is no room for sexual morality in an honest conversation about Aids|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2007/aug/09/comment.health|date=August 8, 2007|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]}}  *  {{cite magazine|last=Epstein|first=Helen|title=Flu Warning: Beware the Drug Companies!|date=May 12, 2011|magazine=The New York Review of Books|url=https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2011/05/12/flu-warning-beware-drug-companies/|url-access=limited}} *  {{cite news|last=Epstein|first=Helen|title=Africa's Slide Toward Disaster|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/02/opinion/africas-slide-toward-disaster.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=c-column-top-span-region&region=c-column-top-span-region&WT.nav=c-column-top-span-region|date=August 1, 2014|newspaper=The New York Times}} *  {{cite magazine|last=Epstein|first=Helen|title=The Cost of Fake Democracy|date=May 16, 2016|magazine=The New York Review of Books|url=https://www.nybooks.com/online/2016/05/16/uganda-cost-of-fake-democracy/|url-access=limited}} == Ebijuliziddwa == == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * [https://www.nybooks.com/contributors/helen-epstein/ Olukalala lw’ebiwandiiko bye mu lupapula lwa ''The New York Review of Books''] * [https://easternafricatransparency.org/ Helen Epstein ku Afrika: Okuwandiika ku ddembe mu Africa] [[Category:Bannamawulire]] n1pv0f7fs12qx82jkbacja4fxo1j0c6 0 13293 66804 61374 2026-08-05T18:47:48Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66804 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Arphaxad Charles Kole''' '''Oboth Ofumbi''' yali mulamu bw'ensi wakati w'ogwoomusanvu omwaka 1932 ne nga 16 Ogwookubiri 1977. Yali Munnayuganda era nga munnabyabufuzi eyaweereza nga [[Olukalala lw'abaminisita b'ensonga z'omunda mu Ggwanga Yuganda|Minisita w'ensonga z'omunda mu Uganda]] okuva mu mwezi ogw'ekkumi 1973 okutuusa lwe yafa mu 1977. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 April 2013 |title=Ofumbi knew too much to stay alive |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/641953-ofumbi-knew-too-much-to-stay-alive.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141201204849/http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/641953-ofumbi-knew-too-much-to-stay-alive.html |archive-date=1 December 2014 |access-date=14 September 2015 |publisher=New Vision}}</ref> == Obuto n’okusoma kwe == Oboth Ofumbi yazaalibwa mu kyalo Nyamalogo, mu [[:en:Eastern_Uganda|Buvanjuba bwa Uganda]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-07-29 |title=Museveni sums up Amin era as dictatorial & barbaric – The Insider Uganda |url=http://www.theinsider.ug/museveni-sums-up-amin-era-as-dictatorial-barbaric/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150729214144/http://www.theinsider.ug/museveni-sums-up-amin-era-as-dictatorial-barbaric/ |archive-date=2015-07-29 |access-date=2024-01-28}}</ref> Yasomera mu Kisoko Primary School, [[Mbarara High School]] ne [[King's College, Budo|Kings College Budo]] . <ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Wilson |first=E. G. |year=1966 |title=Who's Who in East Africa 1965-1966 |publisher=Marco Publishers (Africa) Limited |location=London}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Olw’okuba yali amaze akaseera nga okola ng’omuyambi w’ebyensimbi mu disitulikiti eno, Oboth Ofumbi yalondebwa okuba Kaminsona wa [[:en:Bukedi_District|Disitulikiti y’e Bukedi]] mu buvanjuba bwa Uganda mu 1960. Omwaka 1963 we gwatuukira, yava ku kubeera omuddukanya w'emirimu gya disitulikiti e [[Gulu]] n’adda ku kubeera buwandiisi mu ofiisi ya Ssaabaminisita. Mu Gavumenti ya [[Milton Obote]] yamala akaseera nga akola nga omubalirizi w’ebitabo omukulu mu minisitule y’ebyokwerinda, oluvanyuma n'akola nga Minisita w’ebyokwerinda ow'ekiseera n’okusembayo nga Minisita w’ebyokwerinda (1971). Enkolagana ennungi gyeyalina ne [[Idi Amin]] yayamba Oboth Ofumbi okukuuma ekifo kino oluvannyuma lwa Amin okuwamba gavumenti mu Gatonnya wa 1971, era n'aweereza nga Minisita w'ebyokwerinda okutuusa mu 1973. <ref name="monitor">{{Cite web |last=Henry Lubega |date=26 July 2015 |title=Oboth Ofumbi's nine days as acting president |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/PeoplePower/Oboth-Ofumbi-s-nine-days-as-acting-president/-/689844/2807992/-/ajy0bwz/-/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914210939/http://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/PeoplePower/Oboth-Ofumbi-s-nine-days-as-acting-president/-/689844/2807992/-/ajy0bwz/-/index.html |archive-date=14 September 2015 |access-date=14 September 2015 |publisher=Daily Monitor}}</ref> == Okufa kwe == Oboth Ofumbi yafa ng’alindirira okuwozesebwa mu kyali kigambibwa nti yalina omukono mu kuwamba gavumenti. Okutwalira awamu, kikkirizibwa nti yatemulwa ku biragiro bya Pulezidenti [[Idi Amin]], wadde nga alipoota entongole eraga nti yafiira mu kabenje k’emmotoka. <ref name="monitor">{{Cite web |last=Henry Lubega |date=26 July 2015 |title=Oboth Ofumbi's nine days as acting president |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/PeoplePower/Oboth-Ofumbi-s-nine-days-as-acting-president/-/689844/2807992/-/ajy0bwz/-/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914210939/http://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/PeoplePower/Oboth-Ofumbi-s-nine-days-as-acting-president/-/689844/2807992/-/ajy0bwz/-/index.html |archive-date=14 September 2015 |access-date=14 September 2015 |publisher=Daily Monitor}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHenry_Lubega2015">Henry Lubega (26 July 2015). [http://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/PeoplePower/Oboth-Ofumbi-s-nine-days-as-acting-president/-/689844/2807992/-/ajy0bwz/-/index.html "Oboth Ofumbi's nine days as acting president"]. Daily Monitor. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150914210939/http://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/PeoplePower/Oboth-Ofumbi-s-nine-days-as-acting-president/-/689844/2807992/-/ajy0bwz/-/index.html Archived] from the original on 14 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> Ssaabalabirizi [[Janani Luwum]] ne minisita w’ebyettaka Lt Col [[Erinayo Wilson Oryema|Erinayo Oryema]] nabo battibwa mu mbeera y’emu. <ref name="monitor" /> Mu mwezi ogw'omusanvu omwaka gwa 2015, Pulezidenti [[Yoweri Museveni]] yeetaba mu kusaba okwokumujukira, era n'alaga engeri Oboth Ofumbi gye yalabika ng'alwanagana n'enfuga ya Amin. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=28 July 2015 |title=Museveni sums up Amin era as dictatorial & barbaric |url=http://www.theinsider.ug/museveni-sums-up-amin-era-as-dictatorial-barbaric/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150729214144/http://www.theinsider.ug/museveni-sums-up-amin-era-as-dictatorial-barbaric/ |archive-date=29 July 2015 |access-date=14 September 2015 |publisher=The Insider}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe obw'omunda == Oboth Ofumbi yali ava mu ggwanga [[:en:Jopadhola|ly'abajopadhola]] era ye ne mukyala we Elizabeth baazaala abaana abawerako. == Obuwandiisi == Oboth Ofumbi yawandiika ekitabo ekiyitibwa "History & Customs of the [[:en:Adhola_people|Jopadhola]] " mu 1960, ekimu ku biwandiiko by'amawanga ebyasooka [[:en:Adhola_people|eby'abantu b'e Adhola]] . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Europa Publications |year=1977 |title=Africa South of the Sahara: 1977 |url=https://archive.org/details/africasouthofsah0008euro |publisher=Europa Publications |location=[[London]]}}</ref> == Ekitabo ekyogera ku bulamu bwe == * Oboth-Ofumbi, ACK ''Padhola'', [[:en:East_African_Literature_Bureau|East African Literature Bureau]], Nairobi, 1959 == Ebiwandiiko ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] 7i368stuacxmocya5a0uzvy0kzf9yjr 0 13308 66819 50121 2026-08-05T19:00:02Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66819 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}'''Omumyuka wa ssaabaminisita wa Uganda''' kifo kya byabufuzi mu [[:en:Cabinet_of_Uganda|kabineti ya Uganda]] . Mu byafaayo, abamyuka ba ssaabaminisita abawerako baaweererezako mu kiseera kye kimu. == Abamyuka ba Ssaabaminisita == ? * [[:en:Eriya_Kategaya|Eriya Kategaya]], 1986 <ref name="histdict">{{Cite book |last=Pirouet |first=Louise |date=1995 |title=Historical dictionary of Uganda |url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000piro |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=9780810829206 |location=Metuchen, N.J}}</ref> -2003 * [[:en:Eriya_Kategaya|Abu Mayanja]], 1986 <ref name="histdict" /> -1989 * [[:en:Paul_Ssemogerere_(politician)|Paul Ssemogerere]], 1986 <ref name="histdict" /> -1995 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Paul Kawanga Ssemogerere: Profile of a political stalwart |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/people/paul-kawanga-ssemogerere-profile-of-a-politic-NV_147723 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> * [[:en:Moses_Ali|Moses Ali]]? -1989-1991 * [[:en:Tom_Butime|Tom Butime]], . ?-1989-1991 * [[:en:Abu_Mayanja|Abu Mayanja]], 1991–1994 * [[:en:Eric_Adriko|Eric Adriko]], 1994–1997 * [[:en:Moses_Ali|Moses Ali]], 1996–2006 * [[:en:Paul_Etiang|Paul Etiang]] , 1997-2001 * [[:en:Tom_Butime|Tom Butime]], 2000–2002 * [[:en:James_Wapakhabulo|James Wapakhabulo]], 2001–2004 <ref>{{Cite web |title=A look at the former Speakers of Parliament of Uganda from 1962 – Parliament Watch |url=https://parliamentwatch.ug/blogs/a-look-at-the-former-speakers-of-parliament-of-uganda-from-1962/ |website=parliamentwatch.ug}}</ref> * [[:en:Henry_Kajura|Henry Kajura]] , 2002–2016 * [[:en:Kirunda_Kivejinja|Kirunda Kivejinja]], 2006–2011 * [[:en:Eriya_Kategaya|Eriya Kategaya]] 2006–2013 * '''[[:en:Moses_Ali|Moses Ali]], 2013 <ref name="appt2021" />''' * [[:en:Kirunda_Kivejinja|Kirunda Kivejinja]], 2016–2019 * '''[[:en:Rebecca_Kadaga|Rebecca Kadaga]] , 2021''' <ref name="appt2021">{{Cite web |title=CABINET LIST OF 2021 |url=https://www.ldpg.or.ug/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/CABINET-LIST-JUNE-2021.pdf |publisher=Local Development Partners' Group in Uganda}}</ref> * '''[[:en:Lukia_Isanga_Nakadama|Lukia Isanga Nakadama]] , 2021''' <ref name="appt2021" /> * [[:en:Prime_Minister_of_Uganda|Ssaabaminisita wa Uganda]] * [[:en:Cabinet_of_Uganda|Kabineti ya Uganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == drmg4fpun224b68p2548anglyb32ulb 0 13323 66833 51423 2026-08-05T19:13:49Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 3 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66833 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Trough zithers''' kibinja kya [[:en:Stringed_instruments|bivuga eby’enkoba]] oba [[:en:Chordophones|chordophones]] ez’Afirika nga ebitundu byabyo bifaanana ebibya eby’embaawo, ebibbo, essowaani oba emifulejje emimpi nga girina emiguwa emiwanvu okubuna omumwa. Ekika kya [[:en:Zither|zither]], ebivuga biyinza okuba ebisirifu, okusinziira ku nkula [[:en:Bowl|y’ebbakuli]] oba ekikwaso ky’emiguwa. Eddoboozi litera okunywezebwa nga bongerako ekintu ekiyitibwa gourd resonator. <ref name="grove" /> Ebikozesebwa bibadde bisengekeddwa mu bika bitaano eby’enjawulo, okusinziira ku nkula. [[:en:Resonator_mandolin|Resonator]] esinga kuba ya ndeku, naye n’ebibbo by’amabaati bibadde bikozesebwa. Ekivuga eky’obuvanjuba n’amasekkati ga Afrika, okusinga Rwanda ne Burundi. Ebitundu bya [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_Congo|Democratic Republic of Congo]] awamu ne Tanzania , okumpi n’ensalo za [[:en:Rwanda|Rwanda]] ne [[:en:Burundi|Burundi]] . == Ebika == Ulrich Wegner (1984) agabanyaamu ebikuta by’ebisusunku eby’obuvanjuba bwa Afrika mu bibinja bitaano okusinziira ku nkula yaabyo. <ref name="Wegner">{{Cite book |last=Ulrich Wegner |date=1984 |title=Afrikanische Saiteninstrumente. Veröffentlichungen des Museums für Völkerkunde Berlin. Neue Folge 41. Abteilung Musikethnologie V (translation: African string instruments. Publications of the Museum for Ethnology, Berlin. New series 41, Department of Ethnic Music V |publisher=Staatliche Museen Preußischer Kulturbesitz |location=Berlin}}</ref><gallery> File:Zither_-_Shi,_Zaire_-_Royal_Museum_for_Central_Africa_-_DSC06976.JPG|alt=Enganga. Type A six-string zither tied to a calabash. Shi language group around Bukavu in eastern Congo. Royal Museum for Central Africa| Enganga. Ekika Zither ey’emiguwa mukaaga esibiddwa ku ndeku. Ekibiina [[:en:Shi_language|ky'olulimi Shi]] okwetoloola [[:en:Bukavu|Bukavu]] mu buvanjuba [[:en:Republic_of_the_Congo|bwa Congo]]. Royal Museum for Central Africa File:Afrikaabteilung_in_Ethnological_Museum_Berlin_56.JPG|alt=Center: six-string bowl zither (ligombo) of type B from the Nyamwezi in Central Tanzania. Missing gourd resonator.| Wakati: zither y’ebbakuli ey’emiguwa mukaaga (ligombo) ey’ekika kya B okuva mu [[:en:Nyamwezi_people|Nyamwezi]] mu Central [[:en:Tanzania|Tanzania]] . Missing gourd resonator. File:Trough_zither_in_the_MIM_Brussels_-_from_Rwanda.jpg| unnamed type C trough zither from Rwanda File:Richard_Buchta_-_Acholi_musical_instruments.jpg|alt=South Sudan or Northern Uganda. Acholi people, type D trough zither (center back), arched harp (left), unnamed flute (right). Circa 1880. The zither is a nanga or possibly kinanda.| [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] oba Northern [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] . [[:en:Acholi_people|Acholi people]], type D trough zither (center back ), [[:en:Arched_harp|ennanga eriko arched]] (ku kkono), entongooli etamanyiddwa mannya (ku ddyo). Circa 1880. Zither ye ''nanga'' oba nga kiyinzika okuba ''nga kinanda'' . File:Trough_Zither,_Democratic_Republic_of_Congo,_late_19th_century.jpg|alt=Unidentified type E trough zither, Democratic Republic of Congo, late 19th century. 13 x 6 in. (33 x 15.2 cm). Type E.| Ekika kya E ekitali kimanyiddwa, [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_Congo|Democratic Republic of Congo]], ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’ekkumi n’omwenda. 13 x 6 yinsi (33 x 15.2&nbsp;cm). Ekika kya E. </gallery> === Ekika kya A === Inanga y’ekitundu ky’ennyanja ey’omu makkati ng’erina enkula y’ebbakuli empanvu, empanvu n’empenda eza wansi eri mu kika kya A. Mu mbeera eno, omuguwa gumu ogw’emiguwa guddukanyizibwa obutasalako okwetooloola ebituli ku mabbali amafunda ameetooloovu. <ref name="Wegner"/> === Ekika kya B === Ligombo ey’ekika kya B emanyiddwa olw’enkula enfunda ennyo, empanvu nga ekendeera ng’eyolekera wakati mu mabbali. Omuguwa guliisibwa nga guyita mu bituli ebiri ku mabbali amafunda. Ng’oggyeeko [[:en:Hehe_people|Hehe]], ekika kino kiva mu [[:en:Kinga_people|Wakinga]] mu [[:en:Njombe_Region|Njombe Region]] mu bukiikaddyo wa Tanzania, [[:en:Sangu_people|Sangu]] mu [[:en:Mbeya_Region|Mbeya Region]] mu bukiikaddyo bw'obugwanjuba, [[:en:Bena_people|Bena]] mu [[:en:Iringa_Region|Iringa Region]] ne mu [[:en:Kaguru_people|Kaguru]] mu buvanjuba bw’eggwanga. <ref name="Wegner"/> Enkyusa empya eya ligombo erimu emiguwa musanvu mu [[:en:Safwa_people|Safwa]] ababeera mu kitundu [[:en:Sangu_people|Sangu]] mu [[:en:Mbeya_Region|Kitundu ky’e Mbeya]] eyitibwa sumbi. === Ekika kya C === Ekika kya C kyanjawulo okuva ku kika kya B nti kirina enkula ya semi-tubular enzito n’ebisenge ebiwanvu ebigolokofu. Kisangibwa mu bukiikakkono bw'ekitundu ekisaasaanyizibwa eky'ekika kya B naddala mu [[:en:Gogo_people|Gogo]] mu kitundu ky'amasekkati ga Tanzania ekya [[:en:Dodoma|Dodoma]], mu [[:en:Turu_people_(Tanzania)|Turu]] mu [[:en:Singida_Region|kitundu kya Singida]], nga [[:en:Sandawe_people|Sandawe]] mu [[:en:Kondoa_District|Disitulikiti y'e Kondoa]] ne [[:en:Isanzu_people|Isanzu]] mu [[:en:Iramba_district|disitulikiti y'e Iramba]] ( [[:en:Singida_Region|Singida Region]] ). <ref name="Wegner"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Inanga, Inventory number 1987.031-01 |url=https://carmentis.kmkg-mrah.be:443/eMP/eMuseumPlus?service=ExternalInterface&module=collection&objectId=95426&viewType=detailView |publisher=Museum Kunst & Geschiedenis |quote=[This instrument matches the description of the type C instrument, with a half-tube body and straight walls. The web page has multiple views of instrument on the bottom of the page.]}}</ref> === Ekika kya D === Ekika kya D nate kiwanvu ate nga kifunda,naye kirina wansi awagolokofu ate nga n’ebisenge eby’ebbali bigolokofu ku nkoona entuufu ku kyo. Ekitundu kyayo we kisaasaanyizibwa kiri ku lubalama lw'ebuvanjuba ne [[:en:Zaramo_people|Zaramo]] ne [[:en:Kwere_people|Kwere]] mu [[:en:Pwani_Region|kitundu kya Pwani]] ate n'eyongera mu bukiikaddyo ne [[:en:Makonde_people|Makonde]] . <ref name="Wegner"/> === Ekika kya E === Mu [[:en:Makonde_people|Makonde]] n'abogezi ba [[:en:Ngulu_people|Nguru]] (Ngulu) mu buvanjuba bw’amasekkati [[Tanzania|ga Tanzania]], ekika kya E nga kiriko enkula y’ebbakuli empanvu enneekulungirivu ate wansi nga ngolokofu nakyo kyalabibwa. <ref name="Wegner"/> == Okuzannya == === Inanga === Omuyimbi akuba inanga n’emikono gyombi. Ekivuga kiwummuzibwa mu kifuba ky’omuzannyi oba ku mabbali gaabwe ku ludda olwa kkono. Ng’akutte waggulu w’ekivuga n’engalo ento eya kkono, omuzannyi asika emiguwa egy’okungulu egy’ekivuga n’engalo endala. Ku ddyo yalina plucks emiguwa egya wansi, egy’ennukuta ezisinga wansi. <ref name="Enanga1">{{Cite web |last=Jos Gansemans |title=Enanga |url=http://music.africamuseum.be/instruments/english/uganda/enanga.html |publisher=department of Ethnomusicology of the Royal Museum for Central Africa at Tervuren |quote=...used by four groups in Ankole: the Kiga, Hima, Kunta and the Ziba.; [http://music.africamuseum.be/instruments/pic/uganda/field/enanga_b.jpg Photo of a player, showing how the instrument is held while being played.]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wade Paterson |title=Enanga (enuma) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J4QXeSSgZ3U |access-date=26 January 2021 |website=youtube.com |quote=Enanga (zither). Song title is Enuma. Performed by Herbert Bakesigaki and recorded by Wade Patterson, Glendon Jones and Chris Zimmerman outside of Kabale, Uganda in late 1994.}}</ref> Inanga Burundi owa Burundi azannyisa obukodyo obw’enjawulo. Ekivuga akituuza ku kifuba kye ng’atunudde wala okuva gy’ali. Akuba enkoba eza wansi okuva ku luuyi n’omukono gumu, n’atuuka okuva waggulu n’omulala okukuba enkoba ez’okungulu, ng’awanirira ekivuga n’omukono gwe ogw’omu maaso. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Olympe Niragira |title=Iragwa Ntinyagira Torobeka Joseph full |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rO-wfzBtEaU |access-date=26 January 2021 |website=youtube.com |quote=}}</ref> Era abadde akwatibwa ng’agalamizza ekivuga kino nga bugolokofu ku mmeeza, ng’atuuka emitala n’emikono gyombi okuva waggulu, ng’asika emiguwa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Olympe Niragira |title=Bigoro vy'Imigabo" ivugijwe na Torobeka Joseph_Inanga_Burundi |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VXiFKjq4xt0 |access-date=26 January 2021 |website=youtube.com |quote=}}</ref> Ebivuga tebikozesebwa kukuba chords. Omusono ogw’ennyimba, ogw’ennyimba gukubiddwa era ne guddibwamu. Okuyimba kukolebwa mu kuzannya. Ebivuga bwe biba bituukiddwa nga tebinnaba kuzannyibwa ennyimba zisobola okusitulwa nga zikubwa, ng'onyiga wansi ku nkomerero y’olukoba ng’osika n’omukono omulala. <ref name="Enanga1"/> Mu buli kika mulimu obulombolombo ku ani ayinza okukuba ekivuga. Okugeza, mu Kunta ne Ziba, abasajja be baakubanga ekivuga, ate mu ba Hima bakyala be baakubanga ekivuga ekyo. Mu Bakiba, abasajja be baakulemberanga okuyimba, kyokka n’abakazi baakuba ekivuga. <ref name="Enanga1"/> === Ligombo === Ekifaananyi kya Ulrich Wegner kiraga Ligombo ng’ezannyibwa. Omuyimbi yakwata ekivuga ekyo nakyetunuzaamu, ng’asika (ayinza okuba) enkoba n’engalo ze ensajja. Ekikuta ky’ekivuga ekyo kyali kisobola okukozesebwa ng’ekivuga eky’ennyimba; Wegner yagamba nti bwe kiba nti omuntu owookubiri mu kifaananyi yali "amuwerekera mu ngeri ya rhythmically ku resonator" n'emikono gye emyereere.<ref>{{Cite web |title=5268 Der Hebe-Musiker Msigibuluma beim Spiel auf der ligombo-Schalenzither mit seinem ihn auf dem Resonator rhythmisch begleitenden Enkel |url=https://www.univie.ac.at/muwidb/dias/diaansicht.php?id_dia=5030 |quote=African Stringed Instruments by Ulrich Wegner, p. 70}}</ref> === Nanga === Engeri emu ab'Acholi gye bakuba ekivuga kino eri ng’ekivuga eky’amangu, nga bateeka wansi ekivuga eky’ennyimba eziddiŋŋana eri abazinyi. <ref name="Acholidance">{{Cite web |last=DirePRwotAwich |date=17 October 2010 |title=Acholi traditonal &#91;sic&#93; Nanga |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RGethSuNwXA |access-date=30 January 2021 |website=youtube.com |quote=[Video. First 24 seconds show the instrument playing a dance rhythm.}}</ref> Nga batudde ku ttaka, abayimbi basika emiguwa n’engalo zaabwe ensajja. <ref name="Ogwang">{{Cite web |last=Scandal Studios |date=30 March 2015 |title=Ogwang Clipper - Too pa Lakoya |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KvPetDeSfnk |access-date=30 January 2021 |website=youtube.com |quote=[Video. Ogwang Clipper plays 'nanga', a traditional instrument with seven nylon strings in a wooden box... He performs together with his wife Sabina Lawino.}}</ref> <ref name="Acholidance" /> == Obubunero == Omubiri oba ebbakuli y’ekivuga eyinza okuba essowaani etali nnene, nga Inanga; wabula era esobola okuba ennene era empanvu ekimala okubeera ekitanda ky’omwana. Ebivuga bitera okukolebwa okuva mu mbaawo zezimu nga ku nkomerero waayo waliwo ebituli. Enkula okutwalira awamu eyinza okuba eya ssiringi oba nga nneekulungirivu. <ref name="cyclo">{{Cite book |date=1997 |title=Musical Instruments of the World |url=https://archive.org/details/musicalinstrumen00diag |publisher=Sterling Publishing company, Inc. |isbn=0806998474 |editor-last=Ruth Midgley |page=[https://archive.org/details/musicalinstrumen00diag/page/216 216]}}</ref> <ref name="MIOA">{{Cite book |last=Betty Warner Dietz |date=1965 |title=Musical Instruments of Africa |url=https://archive.org/details/musicalinstrumen0000diet |last2=Michael Babatunde Olatunji |publisher=John Day Company |isbn=0-381-97013-2 |location=New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/musicalinstrumen0000diet/page/87 87]–89 |quote=...Bajandi tribesmen of Central Africa call it a bandju...people of Tanganyika call it a nanga zither or a ligombo zither...}}</ref> Emiguwa mu byafaayo gyali gya bintu bya butonde, gamba ng'ebiwuzi by'enva endiirwa oba "cow sinew". <ref name="Enanga1"/> Ekitundu kimu ekiwanvu eky’omuguwa kiteekebwa mu bituli, nga kidda emabega okuva ku nkomerero okutuuka ku nkomerero, ne kitondawo ebitundu by’emiguwa egy’enjawulo. <ref name="MIOA"/> <ref name="Enanga1" /> Enkomerero y’omuguwa eyinza okukwatibwa mu kifo, nga zizingiddwa ku kikondo ky’embaawo, nga zisibira omuguwa. Omuguwa gulongoosebwa nga gunywezeddwa oba nga gusumululwa; enkola eno erimu ebitundu by’ennyiriri ebiwerako, kubanga ekitundu bwe kitereezebwa, kikwata kw'ebyo bye kiyungiddwa. <ref name="Enanga1"/> Sharp, sawtooth notches" ziyamba okufuga omuguwa, okukwata omuguwa. <ref name="Bebey">{{Cite book |last=Francis Bebey |date=1975 |title=African Music A People's Art |url=https://archive.org/details/africanmusicpeop00bebe |publisher=Lawrence Hill Books |isbn=1-55652-128-6 |location=Brooklyn, New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/africanmusicpeop00bebe/page/47 47]–48 |translator-last=Josephine Bennett}}</ref> Okugatta kwekyo, omuggo gw’embaawo guyinza okukozesebwa okutereeza okusika kw’emiguwa, nga bagisiba wansi w’emiguwa ku buli nkomerero. <ref name="groveinanga">{{Cite web |last=K.A. Gourlay |last2=Ferdinand J. de Hen |year=2011 |title=Inanga |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.L2214671 |publisher=Oxford Music Online, Grove Music Online |doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.L2214671 |quote=Amongst the Bembe of the Maniema region the variant term nanga ...the Shi call this instrument langa and the Hutu and Fuliru lulanga. Ikivuvu and indimbagazo are alternative names for the Rundi zither.}}</ref> Ebivuga ebimu birina ebituli mu kifo ky’ebituli ebinyooleddwa. Endeku ziyinza okusibirwa wansi w’ekivuga okuyita mu bituli ku mabbali oba wansi w’ekivuga wansi mu w'ebituli by'ekivuga. Endeku ekola nga resonator okulongoosa eddoboozi. Wansi w’ebbakuli nayo eyinza okubaamu ebituli by’amaloboozi. Omuti gwa zither bwe gukala ne gukaddiwa, gusobola okwatika; enjatika zino zibadde ziddaabirizibwa nga banyweza ebitundu wamu n’ebbaati n’emisumaali, oba nga bazinga ekivuga n’omuguwa ne banyweza ebitundu. <ref name="Enanga1"/> == Okusaansaanya == Trough zithers buyiiya bwa Afrika. Mu buvanjuba bwa Afrika zisangibwa mu Tanzania yonna ne mu kitundu ekiri wakati w’ennyanja (wakati [[:en:Lake_Victoria|w’ennyanja Nalubaale]], [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Ennyanja Kivu]] n’ennyanja [[:en:Lake_Tanganyika|Tanganyika]] ), Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, n’obuvanjuba bwa Congo. == Olukalala lw’ebyafaayo ebiyitibwa trough zithers == Olukalala luno olwa trough zithers lugezaako okukwataganya amannya ga trough zithers agamanyikiddwa n’abantu oba ebifo ebikwatagana ne trough zithers wansi w’amannya ago. Mu mbeera ezimu, amawulire siganjawulo nnyo okusinga mu nsonda ezaasooka. Ensonda eyinza okutuuma erinnya ly’eggwanga erimu mu kifo ekimu, naye olukalala luno terukuuma bibiri wamu. Ekyokulabirako: Abahutu be Rwanda baawandiikibwa ng'abazannya inanga. Kisoboka okuba nti ebibinja by’Abahutu byonna tebazannya Inanga, era n’amawanga gonna mu Rwanda tegakuba kivuga. Ekirala ky’olina okutunulira, amannya. Amannya agali ku lukalala gaawandiikibwa abantu abaakung’aanya ekivuga, oba abantu abaagula ekivuga ekyo. Obutuufu buyinza okuba ensonga. Ate era, singa amannya ago gaali gawandiikiddwa bulungi, erinnya eryaweebwa liyinza okwetaaga okutunulwamu; okugeza erinnya liyinza okutegeeza ekivuga eky'enjawulo oba ebivuga byonna eby’enkoba oba ebivuga okutwaliza awamu. Ekibinja ekimu kiyinza okukozesa erinnya lye limu mu ngeri ey’enjawulo okusinga ebibinja ebirala. Okugeza Ngombi asobola okutegeeza oba [[:en:Zande_people|Zande]] trough zither oba ennanga (eya [[:en:Pygmie|Pygmies]], [[:en:Mbaka_people|Mbaka]], [[:en:Mbati_language|Isongo]], [[:en:Mbati_language|Ngbaka]], [[:en:Mitsogo_people|Mitshogho]] ne [[:en:Fang_people|Fang]] ), lamellaphone eya [[:en:Gbandi_people|Gbandi]], oba endongo eya slit eya [[:en:Boa_people|Boa]] . Enkyukakyuka mu nnono. Amawulire wano gaakuŋŋaanyizibwa okuva mu bitabo eby’omu kaddiyizo n’ebitabo eby’omu kyasa eky’amakumi abiri. {| class="wikitable" !Vernacular name !Description !Ethnic Connections !Town / Region !Picture |- |Bangwe<ref name="search">{{Cite web |title=Simple search for instruments, search term Trough Zither |url=http://music.africamuseum.be/english/index.html |publisher=Ethnomusicological Sound Archive of the Royal Museum for Central Africa |quote=[The website compiles a list of instruments when a simple search is done for Trough zither. List gives entries for which the museum hasn't created a web page.]}}</ref><ref name="malawi">{{Cite web |title=Trough zither Malawi |url=https://mimo-international.com/MIMO/doc/IFD/MINIM_UK_40758 |publisher=Musical Instrument Museums Online (MIMO)}}</ref> |The name bangwe is also used in Malawi for a board zither.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bangwe |url=https://digitalcollections.lib.uct.ac.za/collection/islandora-20221 |publisher=University of Cape Town |quote=Hornbostel-Sachs number: 314.121 True board zithers with resonator bowl, Place of production: Malawi}}</ref> |Mang'anja<ref name="search" /> |Malawi<ref name="search" /> |[[File:Malawi_or_Tanzania_trough_zither,_late_19th_century,_The_Crosby_Brown_Collection_of_Musical_Instruments.png|thumb|200x200px|[[Malawi]] or [[Tanzania]]. Possibly a bangwe, late 19th century. Originally sat on gourd resonator. 17 11/16 × 4 5/16 × 1 3/4 in. (45 × 11 × 4.5 cm)]] [[File:Traditional_Yao_musical_instruments,_Lake_Malawi_Museum.jpg|thumb|200x200px|(Top): Manwe board zither, (bottom) kaligo bowed lute. Yao people (East Africa), near Lake Malawi.]] |- |Enanga<ref name="Mul">{{Cite journal |last=M. Mulokozi |date=1983 |title=The Nanga Bards of Tanzania: Are They Epic Artists? |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3819155 |journal=Research in African Literatures |publisher=Indiana University Press |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=283–287, 307 |jstor=3819155 |quote=Enanga or (nanga¹) is a seven-stringed trough zither that the Bahaya and other interlacustrine people of East Africa play as they recite, sing or chant songs, ballads, panegyrics and epics... 1. Enanga and nanga mean the same thing. The e in enanga is a nominal class prefix that in certain contexts may be dropped.}}</ref><ref name="AFMus">{{Cite web |title=Trough zither |url=http://music.africamuseum.be/instruments/english/congo%20drc/enanga.html |publisher=Royal Museum for Central Africa (RMCA) and the Université Libre de Bruxelles and Ghent University}}</ref><ref name="search" /> |Same as the inanga. Has approximately 7 strings.<ref name="Mul" /><ref name="groveenanga" /> Pictures of the instrument show as many as 9 strings.<ref name="Mul" /> The instrument was associated with "a wide range of oral literature genres," sung by professional singers at royal courts in Uganda.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Birgitta Farelius |date=1993 |title=Where does the Hamite belong? |journal=Nomadic Peoples |page=115}}</ref> Among the Bahaya and Banyambo of Kagera, the enanga has been an instrument of professional bards, who recite epic poetry and play while the song and recite. After Tanzania's independence, and kings were abolished, patronage to the bards has ceased, and in 1983 it appeared the profession was dying out. Besides the enangas (epic poetry), singers sang ballads and ''ebizina'' songs for the common people.<ref name="Mul" /> |Banyambo,<ref name="Mul" /> Haya,<ref name="Mul" /><ref name="groveenanga">{{Cite web |last=Gerhard Kubik |year=2001 |title=Tanzania |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.27485 |publisher=Oxford Music Online, Grove Music Online |doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.27485}}</ref> Nande<ref name="search" /> Kiga,<ref name="Enanga1"/> Hima,<ref name="Enanga1" /> Kunta,<ref name="Enanga1" /> Ziba<ref name="Enanga1" /> | Burundi<ref name="Bebey"/> Democratic Republic of the Congo<ref name="AFMus" /><ref name="search" /> Rwanda<ref name="Bebey" /> Tanzania<ref name="groveenanga" /> Uganda : Ankole<ref name="Enanga1" /> |[[File:Shi-Cithare_en_bouclier-Musée_royal_de_l'Afrique_centrale.jpg|thumb|Enanga]] |- |Enzenze<ref name="AFMus" /><ref name="search" /> | |Nande<ref name="search" /> | Democratic Republic of the Congo<ref name="search" /> Uganda | |- |Ganoon<ref name="search" /> | |Swahili,<ref name="search" /> Ta Arab<ref name="search" /> |Tanzania<ref name="search" /> | |- |Ikivuvu<ref name="grinell">{{Cite web |title=Inanga |url=http://finearts.grinnell.edu/FMPro?-db=world_music_room.fp5&-lay=entry&-sortfield=name&-sortfield=inventory_id&use_on_web=yes&collection=world&category=chordophone&-max=10&-skip=29&-find=&-Format=/instruments/format_files/early/inst_record.html&-max=1&-skip=29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100623040842/http://finearts.grinnell.edu/FMPro?-db=world_music_room.fp5&-lay=entry&-sortfield=name&-sortfield=inventory_id&use_on_web=yes&collection=world&category=chordophone&-max=10&-skip=29&-find=&-Format=/instruments/format_files/early/inst_record.html&-max=1&-skip=29 |archive-date=23 June 2010 |publisher=Grinnell College Musical Instrument Collection |quote=Inanga...An eight-string trough zither of the Rundi people of Rwanda, Burundi, and parts of Democratic Republic of the Congo, alternately known as ikivuvu and indimbagazo...Related instruments include the Shi langa and the Hutu and Fuliru lulanga.}}</ref><ref name="groveinanga"/> |alternate name for Inanga.<ref name="grinell" /> Associated with cult of Biheko (also known as Nyabingi) in northern Kivu. Biheko (or Nyabingi<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jim Freedman |year=1974 |title=Ritual and History: the Case of Nyabingi |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/cea_0008-0055_1974_num_14_53_2668 |journal=Cahiers d'Études africaines |volume=14 |issue=53 |page= |quote=They believe in the powers of Nyabingi alternatively known as Biheko...}}</ref>) was a princess who survived when her family was slaughtered, using magic or by miracle.<ref name="grinell" /> The tale has given the inanga "sorcerous connotations."<ref name="grinell" /> Through a traditional mediator (Mugirwa) who is in a trance and possessed by the spirit, citizens can ask questions of the spirit. The inanga is considered to be the ideal instrument for attracting the mind's attention through its music.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jos goose Emans |date=1988 |title=Les Instruments de Musique Du Rwanda |publisher=Leuven University Press |location=Leuven |page=164}}</ref> |Rundi<ref name="groveinanga" /> |Democratic Republic of the Congo<ref name="grinell" /> : Northern Kivu | |- |Indimbagazo<ref name="grinell" /><ref name="groveinanga" /> |alternate name for Inanga<ref name="grinell" /> Eight string version is the Indimbagazo.<ref name="groveindimbagazo">{{Cite web |last=Ferdinand J. de Hen |year=2011 |title=Inanga |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.L2214676 |publisher=Oxford Music Online, Grove Music Online |doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.L2214676}}</ref> Inanga version has "9 or 12 strings."<ref name="groveindimbagazo" /> |Rundi<ref name="groveindimbagazo" /><ref name="groveinanga" /> |Burundi<ref name="groveindimbagazo" /> | |- |Inanga<ref name="AFMus" /><ref name="search" /> |The body of the inanga is carved from a long rectangular block of wood and shaped into a thin-walled boat shape or "platter." The outer dimension is 75 to 115 centimeters in length and 25 to 30 centimeters in width. The opening of the bowl is somewhat smaller due to the wide, inwardly bulging edges on the two narrow sides. 6-9 grooves are cut into the ends at equal intervals. A single string, made of gut or vegetable fibers, is pulled lengthways across the instrument through the holes and tied at the ends to wooden pegs so that several parallel strings result, which can be tuned by adjusting the tension. Changing the pitch of one "influences" the pitch of other string lengths. Tuned with "anhemitonic pentatonic scale" Not all grooves have to be used.<ref name="AFMus" /> Inanga are decorated with burnt-in geometric motifs on the sides and cross-shaped incisions in the middle of the base. The inanga is the most famous musical instrument of Burundi and is also widespread in the surrounding areas - in Rwanda, in the Kivu region in eastern Congo and in the south of Lake Victoria on the island of Ukerewe. |Bakiga<ref name="nanda1">{{Cite web |last=James K. Makubuya |title=ORGANOLOGY (IN EAST AFRICA) |url=http://persweb.wabash.edu/facstaff/makubuya/Research.html |quote=nanga – angular zither of the Acholi of northern Uganda [http://persweb.wabash.edu/facstaff/makubuya/Acholi%20zither.jpg Drawing of an Acholi ''nanga'' trough zither] [http://persweb.wabash.edu/facstaff/makubuya/Nanga-Choli.jpg Drawing of an Acholi ''nanga'' trough zither.] [http://persweb.wabash.edu/facstaff/makubuya/Enanga-Kiga.jpg Drawing of an Enanga-kicunga (trough zither of the Bakiga)]}}</ref> Lega people,<ref name="AFMus" /><ref name="search" /> Rundi people<ref name="AFMus" /><ref name="search" /><ref name="grinell" /> ([[Burundi|Burundians]] who speak Kirundi, Kinubi,<ref name="AFMus" /> Hutu,<ref name="AFMus" /><ref name="search" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Inanga, Inventory number 2014.404.006 |url=https://carmentis.kmkg-mrah.be:443/eMP/eMuseumPlus?service=ExternalInterface&module=collection&objectId=194148&viewType=detailView |publisher=Museum Kunst & Geschiedenis |quote=314.11 Actual plank zither without resonator...Culture Hutu...Place of production: [[Mugera]]...Height: 88.5cm, Width: 32cm, Depth: 14cm}}</ref> Tutsi<ref>{{Cite web |title=Inanga, Inventory number MMO-2007-01-04 |url=https://carmentis.kmkg-mrah.be:443/eMP/eMuseumPlus?service=ExternalInterface&module=collection&objectId=183554&viewType=detailView |publisher=Museum Kunst & Geschiedenis |quote=315.1 Trough zithers without resonator...Culture Tutsi...Place of production: Rwanda...Length: 73 cm, Width: 21,5 cm, Height: 6,5 cm}}</ref> Twa Pygmies<ref name="groveinanga" /> |Eastern part of African Great Lakes region: Burundi,<ref name="AFMus" /><ref name="grinell" /><ref name="groveinanga" /> Democratic Republic of the Congo,<ref name="AFMus" /><ref name="search" /> : Kivu,<ref name="groveinanga" /> Rwanda<ref name="groveinanga" /><ref name="search" /> Uganda (southwest)<ref name="nanda1" /> |[[File:Inanga,traditional_Rwandan_instrument_during_the_introduction_wedding_in_Kigali,_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Inanga at a wedding in Kigali, Rwanda.]] |- |Kinanda<ref name="kinanda">{{Cite web |title=Kinanda, Inventory number 1982.013 |url=https://carmentis.kmkg-mrah.be:443/eMP/eMuseumPlus?service=ExternalInterface&module=collection&objectId=95380&viewType=detailView |publisher=Museum Kunst & Geschiedenis |quote=315.2 Trough zither with resonator...Culture Holoholo...Place of production: Congo, Democratic Republic of}}</ref><ref name="kinanda2">{{Cite web |title=Kinanda, Inventory number 3083 |url=https://carmentis.kmkg-mrah.be:443/eMP/eMuseumPlus?service=ExternalInterface&module=collection&objectId=94802&viewType=detailView |publisher=Museum Kunst & Geschiedenis |quote=315.2 Trough zither with resonator...Culture unknown...Place of production (historical): Belgian Congo (Democratic Republic of Congo)...Dimensions Length: 43.8 cm, Width: 21.5 cm, Height: 16 cm}}</ref> |At lead two styles: one version from the Democratic Republic of the Congo is similar to inanga.<ref name="kinanda2" /> The other (from Tanzania) is similar or same instrument as Acholi's ''nanga''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1942.1.424 Trough-zither |url=http://objects.prm.ox.ac.uk/pages/PRMUID20457.html |publisher=Pitt Rivers Museum}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=1942.1.399 Trough-zither |url=http://objects.prm.ox.ac.uk/pages/PRMUID20456.html |publisher=Pitt Rivers Museum}}</ref> |Holoholo<ref name="kinanda" /> |Democratic Republic of the Congo | |- |Langa<ref name="grinell" /><ref name="groveinanga" /> |instrument related to Inanga<ref name="grinell" /><ref name="groveinanga" /> |Shi<ref name="grinell" /><ref name="groveinanga" /> | | |- |Ligombo<ref name="MIOA"/><ref name="Wegner"/> |An approximately one meter long, slender wooden string carrier, which is thin-walled to form a flat groove. The ends are slightly wider than the middle. One long string divided into six parallel strings, fed through holes on each end. A resonator calabash is tied onto one end (about 30&nbsp;mm diameter with 10&nbsp;mm diameter opening). The string vibrations are transmitted to the calabash through direct contact with the string holder. The top of the instrument has a thin round extension; may be sculpted into female figure and clothed in areas where the Sukuma people live. The string cord is fixed at one end with a cross piece of wood and is tied to the stem extension at the other end. The different tensions of the individual strings is maintained by frictional resistance on the narrow loops leading through two holes. Strings were traditionally made of intestines or animal tendons. |Hehe,<ref name="groveligombo">{{Cite web |last=Gerhard Kubik |year=2014 |title=Ligombo |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.L2255670 |publisher=Oxford Music Online, Grove Music Online |doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.L2255670 |quote=Trough zither of the Hehe people of western Tanzania, also...the Safwa in the Mbeya region..Sangu informants claim that it was originally a Sangu instrument...}}</ref> Wakinga, Sangu,<ref name="groveligombo" /> Bena, Kaguru, Safwa,<ref name="groveligombo" /> Sukuma, Zaramo<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ligombo, Inventory number 1988,020 |url=https://carmentis.kmkg-mrah.be:443/eMP/eMuseumPlus?service=ExternalInterface&module=collection&objectId=95442&viewType=detailView |publisher=Museum Kunst & Geschiedenis |quote=315.2 Trough zither with resonator...Culture Zaramo...Place of production: Tanzania...Height: 17 cm, Width: 36 cm, Depth: 94 cm}}</ref> |Tanzania:<ref name="groveligombo" /> : Njombe Region : Mbeya Region<ref name="groveligombo" /> : Iringa Region |[[File:Ligomo,_trough_zither,_Tanzania,_19th_century.jpg|thumb|Ligomo, Tanzania, 19th century]] |- |Lulanga<ref name="AFMus" /><ref name="search" /> |instrument related to Inanga<ref name="grinell" /><ref name="groveinanga" /> |Fuliru,<ref name="grinell" /><ref name="groveinanga" /> Hutu,<ref name="grinell" /><ref name="groveinanga" /> Shi<ref name="AFMus" /><ref name="search" /><ref name="grinell" /> |Democratic Republic of the Congo<ref name="AFMus" /><ref name="search" /> | |- |Molo<ref name="search" /> |there is also a lute called a molo |Eggon<ref name="search" /> |Nigeria | |- |Nanga<ref name="MIOA" /> |This word has been used for the ligombo.<ref name="MIOA" /> and the inanga<ref name="Mul" /> Name used by the Acholi for their trough zither.<ref name="nanda1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Acholi musicians |url=http://web.prm.ox.ac.uk/southernsudan/details/1998.203.1.25/index.html |quote=A posed group of three seated Acholi musicians playing harps and flute. The instrument to the right is a trough zither known as nanga.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kenneth Gourlay Uganda Collection, Acholi song with zither |url=https://sounds.bl.uk/World-and-traditional-music/Ken-Gourlay-Uganda/025M-C0105X0010XX-0100V0 |publisher=British Museum |quote=Practice recording of Acholi song with 7-string trough zither (Nanga) |access-date=2026-05-08 |archive-date=2022-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929152044/https://sounds.bl.uk/World-and-traditional-music/Ken-Gourlay-Uganda/025M-C0105X0010XX-0100V0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The Acholi instrument is a rectangular instrument, about 51.5&nbsp;cm (20.25&nbsp;in) long with seven nylon strings.<ref name="acholinanga">{{Cite web |title=Trough zither. Pre 1965 Northern Uganda/Uganda |url=https://mimo-international.com/MIMO/doc/IFD/MINIM_UK_UEDIN_2039 |publisher=University of Edinburgh (through the Musical Instrument Museums Online)}}</ref> The instrument has a "bridge" at each end.<ref name="acholinanga" /> Images of the modern instrument show that a wood top has been added, converting the trough zither to a box zither.<ref name="Ogwang"/><ref name="Acholidance"/> There are at least two pentatonic tunings used by the Acholi.<ref name="acholinanga" /> |Acholi,<ref name="nanda1" /><ref name="BMNanda">{{Cite web |title=Zither, museum number Af1902,0714.190 |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Af1902-0714-190 |publisher=British Museum |quote=Production ethnic group Made by: Acholi [see photo]}}</ref> Banyoro<ref name="AFMus" /> Bembe<ref name="groveinanga" /> | Democratic Republic of the Congo<ref name="AFMus" /> : Maniema<ref name="groveinanga" /> Tanzania<ref name="MIOA" /> Uganda<ref name="nanda1" /> |[[File:Acholi_musical_instruments,_circa_1877-1880.jpg|thumb|Acholi musical instruments, circa 1877-1880, arched harp in left, nanga trough zither center]] |- |Ngombi<ref name="AFMus" /><ref name="search" /> same as Segwirunibia |Segwirunibia is also a board zither |Zande people<ref name="search" /> |Democratic Republic of the Congo<ref name="search" /> | |- |Segaba : ''segankuru'' : ''sekgobogobo'' : ''setseketseke'' |a bowed trough zither the trough forming a neck; a wooden body attached to a tin can resonator, with a single metal string played with a bow. |Tswana people,<ref name="grovesegaba" /> Pedi people<ref name="grovesegaba" /> |[[Botswana]],<ref name="grovesegaba" /> Southern Africa<ref name="grovesegaba" /> | |- |Sumbi | |Safwa |Tanzania: : Mbeya Region | |} == Laba ne == * [[:de:Ligombo|Ligombo]] ku Wikipedia y'Olugirimaani * [[:de:Segankuru|Segankuru]] ku Wikipedia y'Olugirimaani == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wiki == * [https://sanzabl01a.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/afd03-2358307736.jpg?w=1100 Ekika kya B ekiyumba ekiyitibwa zither] * [https://sanzabl01a.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/edc98-2985345576.jpg?w=1100 Ekika kya B ekiyumba ekiyitibwa zither] * [https://sanzabl01a.wordpress.com/2012/07/22/cithares-zithers-from-tanzanie-tanzania/ Ekika kya B ekiyumba ekiyitibwa zither] * [https://mimo-international.com/MIMO/doc/IFD/SPK_BERLIN.DE_EM_OBJID_209098 Ekika kya C trough zither, Tanzania.] * [https://africamusica04.files.wordpress.com/2006/08/4dd82-dyn005_original_234_800_pjpeg_2557829_12752455b766ac0ccaf235552dde587d.jpg Type C trough zither, okuva mu bantu ba Wagogogo oba Gogo, Tanzania.] * [https://mimo-international.com/MIMO/doc/IFD/OAI_RMAH_95426_NL Ekika kya C trough zither, e Rwanda] * [https://sanzabl01a.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/5d238-2548038665.jpg?w=351 Ekika kya C ekiyumba ekiyitibwa zither] * [https://sanzabl01a.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/9657d-565560231.jpg?w=351 Ekika D Zither ya Trough] * [https://sanzabl01a.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/c1134-3807501104.jpg?w=351 Ekika kya D ekiyumba ekiyitibwa zither] * [https://carmentis.kmkg-mrah.be/eMP/eMuseumPlus?service=ExternalInterface&module=collection&objectId=94807&viewType=detailView Ligombo, ekika kya D ekiyumba ekiyitibwa zither, obuwangwa bwa Hehe.] * [https://mimo-international.com/MIMO/doc/IFD/SPK_BERLIN.DE_EM_OBJID_209301 Ekika kya E trough zither okuva e Malawi.] * [https://sanzabl01a.wordpress.com/2012/07/22/cithares-zithers-from-tanzanie-tanzania/ Omuko oguliko ebifaananyi by’ebifo ebiyitibwa trough zithers eby’e Tanzania, ebiwandiikiddwa abantu, omuli Gogo, Hehe, Kaguru, Luguru, Zaramo, Kwere, ne Zigua.] * [https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Af1924-1218-91 Abantu ba Sandawe, trough zither mu British Museum, Kondoa (Disitulikiti), Dodoma (ekitundu)] * [https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Af1902-0714-190 Abantu ba Acholi, likodi ya trough zither eyafunibwa British Museum] * [https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/E_Af1979-01-2629 Abantu ba Isese, trough zither mu British Museum, okuva e Tanzania] * [https://mimo-international.com/MIMO/doc/IFD/MINIM_UK_40758 Abantu b’e Kamanga, Malawi.] * [http://www.antiques.com/classified/Antiques/Regional---Ethnic-Antiques/Antique-A-Vintage-Zither--Zigua-People-Tanzania--Africa Abantu b’e Zigua, Tanzania] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] tqe7tkk3f34yooblgpbg7e835g8txu4 0 13838 66928 55113 2026-08-06T09:52:03Z Samson Ssemakadde 6903 Nterezezza empandiika 66928 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Reflist}}'''<big>David Owori</big>''' (yazaalibwa nga 23 Ogwomwenda mu1998 n'afa nga 5 Ogwomunaana 2026) nga yali munnayuganda omuzannyi w'omupiira eyasambira nga [[Kilaabu ya SC Villa|SC Villa]] mu Liigi ya Uganda eyababinywera ne [[Uganda Cranes ettiimu y'eggwanga|ttiimu y'eggwanga eya Uganda]] ng'omuwuwuttanyi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=2020-11-14 |title=Midfielder Owori replaces suspended Ochaya as Uganda Cranes depart for Nairobi |url=https://kawowo.com/2020/11/14/midfielder-owori-replaces-suspended-ochaya-as-uganda-cranes-depart-for-nairobi/ |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=David-Owori-passes-the-ball |url=https://www.fufa.co.ug/uganda-cranes-contingent-safely-arrive-in-nairobi-set-for-south-sudan-duel/david-owori-passes-the-ball/ |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=FUFA: Federation of Uganda Football Associations |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiyonga |first=Ismael |date=2025-02-04 |title=David Owori signs SC Villa new contract |url=https://upl.co.ug/david-owori-signs-sc-villa-new-contract/ |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=Uganda Premier League - Official Website |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nsimbe |first=John Vianney |date=2024-03-23 |title=Put's Cranes |url=https://observer.ug/sports/put-s-cranes/ |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=The Observer |language=en-US}}</ref> == Obuto bwe n’okusoma kwe == Owori yazaalibwa mu [[Tororo]] e [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]], bazadde bbe y'omwami Eriasaf Osinde n'omukyala Bena Nyadio. Yasomera ku Christ the King Primary School e Nsambya, Mackey Memorial Nateete, Masaka Town College, Star SS Jeza, East High School Ntinda, ne Lubiri SS nga tannaba kwegatta ku yunivasite ya St. Lawrence.<ref name="kawowo-profile">{{cite web |date=29 June 2020 |title=David Owori: SC Villa midfielder reveals life on and off the pitch |url=https://kawowo.com/2020/06/29/david-owori-life-on-and-off-the-pitch/ |access-date=19 August 2025 |website=Kawowo Sports}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=2020-06-29 |title=David Owori: My father inspired me to play football |url=https://kawowo.com/2020/06/29/david-owori-my-father-inspired-me-to-play-football/ |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> == Emirimu gye mu kiraabu == === Omulimu gwe yasooka (2014-2016) === Owori Yyatandika olugendo lw’omupiira mu Nsambya Young Stars Academy nga taneegata ku Wembley Soccer Academy ate oluvannyuma Lukuli United, ttiimu y’ekitundu esangibwa mu Kampala.<ref name="kawowo-profile" /> === Vipers SC (2016-2018) === Yakaansibwa [[Kiraabu ya Vipers SC|Vipers SC]] mu 2018, gye yazannyira mu ttiimu z’abato n’abakulu, nga tanaba kwegata ku kiraabu ya [[Kilaabu ya SC Villa|SC Villa]] mu 2018.<ref name="globalsports">{{cite web |title=David Owori |url=https://globalsportsarchive.com/people/soccer/david-owori/434050/ |access-date=19 August 2025 |website=Global Sports Archive}}</ref> === SC Villa (2018-2021) === Owori yeegatta ku [[Kilaabu ya SC Villa|SC Villa]] mu 2018 ne yeenyweza ng’omuzannyi asobola okukola ebintu eby'enjawulo ng'ali ne ttiimu etandika ku kisaawe, asobola okuzannya amakkati gonna nga kw'oteeka n'okuzibira. === Okugenda e Bulaaya (2021-2023) === Mu 2021, Owori yateeka omukono kundagaano ne ttiimu y'e Spain eyitibwa Vélez CF.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Abdusalam |first=Kigozi |date=2021-03-23 |title=Midfielder David Owori Joins Spanish Entity Vélez |url=https://chimpreports.com/midfielder-david-owori-joins-spanish-entity-velez/ |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=David Owori Biography - - ESPN (SG) |url=https://www.espn.com.sg/football/player/bio/_/id/310569/david-owori |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=- ESPN |language=en}}</ref> Omwaka ogwaddako, yagenda e Sweden okwegatta ku Utsiktens BK ttiimu y'ekibinja ky'eggwanga eryo eky'okubiri ekimannyikiddwa nga Superettan, gyeyabazannyira omupiira gumu gwokka ogwa liigi.<ref name="espn">{{cite web |title=David Owori Bio |url=https://www.espn.com.sg/football/player/bio/_/id/310569/david-owori |access-date=19 August 2025 |website=ESPN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-07 |title=Villa title surge healing Owori's Spanish nightmare |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/score/villa-title-surge-healing-owori-s-spanish-nightmare--4192010 |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> === Okudda mu SC Villa (2023-2026) === Owori yaddamu okwegatta [[Kilaabu ya SC Villa|SC Villa]] mu Ogwokubiri mu 2023. Mu Gwokubiri gwa 2025, yayongezaayo endagaano ye n'emyaka ebiri okutuusa Ogwolubereberye gwa 2027. Yayamba nnyo kiraabu eno okuwangula ekikopo kya liigi ya Uganda eyababinywera kyebawangudde omulundi ogusooka oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 20.<ref name="upl-contract">{{cite web |date=4 February 2025 |title=David Owori signs new SC Villa contract |url=https://upl.co.ug/david-owori-signs-sc-villa-new-contract/ |access-date=19 August 2025 |website=Uganda Premier League}}</ref><ref name="kawowo-contract">{{cite web |date=4 February 2025 |title=Why David Owori's contract extension is important for SC Villa |url=https://kawowo.com/2025/02/04/why-david-owori-contract-extension-important-for-sc-villa/ |access-date=19 August 2025 |website=Kawowo Sports}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mabuka |first=Dennis |date=2025-02-09 |title=Ugandan Premier League: David Owori signs SC Villa new contract - Africa Top Sports |url=https://en.africatopsports.com/2025/02/09/ugandan-premier-league-david-owori-signs-sc-villa-new-contract/ |access-date=2025-08-22 |language=en-US |archive-date=2026-01-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260106055903/https://en.africatopsports.com/2025/02/09/ugandan-premier-league-david-owori-signs-sc-villa-new-contract/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Emirimu gye mu mawanga g'ensi == Owori yakiikirirako Uganda ku mutendera gw'abato kyokka naye nga teyazannyira ku [[Uganda Cranes|ttiimu y'eggwanga ey'abakulu]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mabuka |first=Dennis |date=2025-06-21 |title=CHAN 2024: Uganda Cranes Squad released, starts training on Monday - Africa Top Sports |url=https://en.africatopsports.com/2025/06/21/chan-2024-uganda-cranes-squad-released-starts-training-on-monday/ |access-date=2025-08-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Engeri gyeyali azannyamu == Owori mu kusooka yali muwuwuttanyi azannya wakati w'ekisaawe, naye ng'asobola okusamba ng’omuzibizi w'oludda lwa ddyo oba amalayo amakkati gonna. Yali amannyikiddwa nnyo olw’omutindo gw’emirimu gy’akola, empisa z'okukisaawe ng'azannya n'obukodyo obw'enjawulo n’okukola ebintu eby'enjawulo ku kisaawe ng'azannya. <ref name="globalsports" /> == Ebibalo by’emirimu gye == ; Kiraabu Gyebisinganibwa:<ref name="globalsports" /> * '''SC Villa (2024–25):''' Emipiira 27, ggoolo 2 * '''CAF Champions League:'''Yazannya emipiira 2 * '''Utsiktens BK (Superettan, 2022):''' Yabazannyira omupiira 1 == Okufa kwe == Nga 5 Ogwomunaana 2026, Owori yafiira mu Case Hospital gyeyatwalibwa oluvannyuma lw'okugwa mu mu batemu abamusingaana mu Dubai II Zooni e Makindye nebamukuba, bweyali adda ewuwe ng'ava okutendekebwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-05 |title=Tragedy as SC Villa captain David Owori dies following violent gang attack |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/tragedy-as-sc-villa-captain-david-owori-dies-following-violent-gang-attack-5547606 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiyonga |first=Ismael |date=2026-08-05 |title=Great Sadness – Tributes flow in for David Owori as SC Villa confirm captain has passed away |url=https://kawowo.com/2026/08/05/great-sadness-tributes-flow-in-for-david-owori-as-sc-villa-confirm-captain-has-passed-away/ |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Reagan Mpande]] * [[Allan Okello, Muzannyi wa Mupiira|Allan Okello]] * [[Kilaabu ya SC Villa|SC Villa]] * [[Kiraabu ya Vipers SC|Vipers SC]] * [[Ekitongole kya Federation of Uganda Football Associations|FUFA]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * David Owori at Global Sports Archive 4ayijs0tmxdkntq8ckdymmhd9x8f4nl 66929 66928 2026-08-06T09:56:01Z Samson Ssemakadde 6903 Ngaseeko amatuluba 66929 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Reflist}}'''<big>David Owori</big>''' (yazaalibwa nga 23 Ogwomwenda mu1998 n'afa nga 5 Ogwomunaana 2026) nga yali munnayuganda omuzannyi w'omupiira eyasambira nga [[Kilaabu ya SC Villa|SC Villa]] mu Liigi ya Uganda eyababinywera ne [[Uganda Cranes ettiimu y'eggwanga|ttiimu y'eggwanga eya Uganda]] ng'omuwuwuttanyi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=2020-11-14 |title=Midfielder Owori replaces suspended Ochaya as Uganda Cranes depart for Nairobi |url=https://kawowo.com/2020/11/14/midfielder-owori-replaces-suspended-ochaya-as-uganda-cranes-depart-for-nairobi/ |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=David-Owori-passes-the-ball |url=https://www.fufa.co.ug/uganda-cranes-contingent-safely-arrive-in-nairobi-set-for-south-sudan-duel/david-owori-passes-the-ball/ |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=FUFA: Federation of Uganda Football Associations |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiyonga |first=Ismael |date=2025-02-04 |title=David Owori signs SC Villa new contract |url=https://upl.co.ug/david-owori-signs-sc-villa-new-contract/ |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=Uganda Premier League - Official Website |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nsimbe |first=John Vianney |date=2024-03-23 |title=Put's Cranes |url=https://observer.ug/sports/put-s-cranes/ |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=The Observer |language=en-US}}</ref> == Obuto bwe n’okusoma kwe == Owori yazaalibwa mu [[Tororo]] e [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]], bazadde bbe y'omwami Eriasaf Osinde n'omukyala Bena Nyadio. Yasomera ku Christ the King Primary School e Nsambya, Mackey Memorial Nateete, Masaka Town College, Star SS Jeza, East High School Ntinda, ne Lubiri SS nga tannaba kwegatta ku yunivasite ya St. Lawrence.<ref name="kawowo-profile">{{cite web |date=29 June 2020 |title=David Owori: SC Villa midfielder reveals life on and off the pitch |url=https://kawowo.com/2020/06/29/david-owori-life-on-and-off-the-pitch/ |access-date=19 August 2025 |website=Kawowo Sports}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=2020-06-29 |title=David Owori: My father inspired me to play football |url=https://kawowo.com/2020/06/29/david-owori-my-father-inspired-me-to-play-football/ |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> == Emirimu gye mu kiraabu == === Omulimu gwe yasooka (2014-2016) === Owori Yyatandika olugendo lw’omupiira mu Nsambya Young Stars Academy nga taneegata ku Wembley Soccer Academy ate oluvannyuma Lukuli United, ttiimu y’ekitundu esangibwa mu Kampala.<ref name="kawowo-profile" /> === Vipers SC (2016-2018) === Yakaansibwa [[Kiraabu ya Vipers SC|Vipers SC]] mu 2018, gye yazannyira mu ttiimu z’abato n’abakulu, nga tanaba kwegata ku kiraabu ya [[Kilaabu ya SC Villa|SC Villa]] mu 2018.<ref name="globalsports">{{cite web |title=David Owori |url=https://globalsportsarchive.com/people/soccer/david-owori/434050/ |access-date=19 August 2025 |website=Global Sports Archive}}</ref> === SC Villa (2018-2021) === Owori yeegatta ku [[Kilaabu ya SC Villa|SC Villa]] mu 2018 ne yeenyweza ng’omuzannyi asobola okukola ebintu eby'enjawulo ng'ali ne ttiimu etandika ku kisaawe, asobola okuzannya amakkati gonna nga kw'oteeka n'okuzibira. === Okugenda e Bulaaya (2021-2023) === Mu 2021, Owori yateeka omukono kundagaano ne ttiimu y'e Spain eyitibwa Vélez CF.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Abdusalam |first=Kigozi |date=2021-03-23 |title=Midfielder David Owori Joins Spanish Entity Vélez |url=https://chimpreports.com/midfielder-david-owori-joins-spanish-entity-velez/ |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=David Owori Biography - - ESPN (SG) |url=https://www.espn.com.sg/football/player/bio/_/id/310569/david-owori |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=- ESPN |language=en}}</ref> Omwaka ogwaddako, yagenda e Sweden okwegatta ku Utsiktens BK ttiimu y'ekibinja ky'eggwanga eryo eky'okubiri ekimannyikiddwa nga Superettan, gyeyabazannyira omupiira gumu gwokka ogwa liigi.<ref name="espn">{{cite web |title=David Owori Bio |url=https://www.espn.com.sg/football/player/bio/_/id/310569/david-owori |access-date=19 August 2025 |website=ESPN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-07 |title=Villa title surge healing Owori's Spanish nightmare |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/score/villa-title-surge-healing-owori-s-spanish-nightmare--4192010 |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> === Okudda mu SC Villa (2023-2026) === Owori yaddamu okwegatta [[Kilaabu ya SC Villa|SC Villa]] mu Ogwokubiri mu 2023. Mu Gwokubiri gwa 2025, yayongezaayo endagaano ye n'emyaka ebiri okutuusa Ogwolubereberye gwa 2027. Yayamba nnyo kiraabu eno okuwangula ekikopo kya liigi ya Uganda eyababinywera kyebawangudde omulundi ogusooka oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 20.<ref name="upl-contract">{{cite web |date=4 February 2025 |title=David Owori signs new SC Villa contract |url=https://upl.co.ug/david-owori-signs-sc-villa-new-contract/ |access-date=19 August 2025 |website=Uganda Premier League}}</ref><ref name="kawowo-contract">{{cite web |date=4 February 2025 |title=Why David Owori's contract extension is important for SC Villa |url=https://kawowo.com/2025/02/04/why-david-owori-contract-extension-important-for-sc-villa/ |access-date=19 August 2025 |website=Kawowo Sports}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mabuka |first=Dennis |date=2025-02-09 |title=Ugandan Premier League: David Owori signs SC Villa new contract - Africa Top Sports |url=https://en.africatopsports.com/2025/02/09/ugandan-premier-league-david-owori-signs-sc-villa-new-contract/ |access-date=2025-08-22 |language=en-US |archive-date=2026-01-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260106055903/https://en.africatopsports.com/2025/02/09/ugandan-premier-league-david-owori-signs-sc-villa-new-contract/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Emirimu gye mu mawanga g'ensi == Owori yakiikirirako Uganda ku mutendera gw'abato kyokka naye nga teyazannyira ku [[Uganda Cranes|ttiimu y'eggwanga ey'abakulu]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mabuka |first=Dennis |date=2025-06-21 |title=CHAN 2024: Uganda Cranes Squad released, starts training on Monday - Africa Top Sports |url=https://en.africatopsports.com/2025/06/21/chan-2024-uganda-cranes-squad-released-starts-training-on-monday/ |access-date=2025-08-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Engeri gyeyali azannyamu == Owori mu kusooka yali muwuwuttanyi azannya wakati w'ekisaawe, naye ng'asobola okusamba ng’omuzibizi w'oludda lwa ddyo oba amalayo amakkati gonna. Yali amannyikiddwa nnyo olw’omutindo gw’emirimu gy’akola, empisa z'okukisaawe ng'azannya n'obukodyo obw'enjawulo n’okukola ebintu eby'enjawulo ku kisaawe ng'azannya. <ref name="globalsports" /> == Ebibalo by’emirimu gye == ; Kiraabu Gyebisinganibwa:<ref name="globalsports" /> * '''SC Villa (2024–25):''' Emipiira 27, ggoolo 2 * '''CAF Champions League:'''Yazannya emipiira 2 * '''Utsiktens BK (Superettan, 2022):''' Yabazannyira omupiira 1 == Okufa kwe == Nga 5 Ogwomunaana 2026, Owori yafiira mu Case Hospital gyeyatwalibwa oluvannyuma lw'okugwa mu mu batemu abamusingaana mu Dubai II Zooni e Makindye nebamukuba, bweyali adda ewuwe ng'ava okutendekebwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-05 |title=Tragedy as SC Villa captain David Owori dies following violent gang attack |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/tragedy-as-sc-villa-captain-david-owori-dies-following-violent-gang-attack-5547606 |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiyonga |first=Ismael |date=2026-08-05 |title=Great Sadness – Tributes flow in for David Owori as SC Villa confirm captain has passed away |url=https://kawowo.com/2026/08/05/great-sadness-tributes-flow-in-for-david-owori-as-sc-villa-confirm-captain-has-passed-away/ |access-date=2026-08-05 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Reagan Mpande]] * [[Allan Okello, Muzannyi wa Mupiira|Allan Okello]] * [[Kilaabu ya SC Villa|SC Villa]] * [[Kiraabu ya Vipers SC|Vipers SC]] * [[Ekitongole kya Federation of Uganda Football Associations|FUFA]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * David Owori at Global Sports Archive [[Category:Abaazalibwa mu 1998]] [[Category:Abaafa mu 2026]] [[Category:Bannabyamizannyo abannayuganda ab'ekyasa kya 21]] [[Category:Abafudde oluvannyuma lw'okukubwa]] [[Category:Abasajja abazibizi mu mupiira gwa Uganda]] [[Category:Abantu abava e Tororo]] [[Category:Abantu abatemuddwa mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abazannyi ba SC Villa]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abasajja abali ku ttiimu y'eggwanga]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abasambira mu liigi ya Uganda eyababinywera]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abasajja abasamba omupiira]] [[Category:Bannayuganda bafudde olw'okutemulwa]] mw6hvcn9lfvmhyshviig9zawo260btg 0 14174 66939 55676 2026-08-06T10:03:33Z Samson Ssemakadde 6903 ngaseeko Databox 66939 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Allan Okello''' (Yazaalibwa 4 Ogw'omusanvu 2000)<ref name="auto">{{cite web |title=Allan Okello |url=http://www.kccafc.co.ug/player/allan-okello/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103150845/http://www.kccafc.co.ug/player/allan-okello/ |archive-date=3 November 2018 |access-date=19 December 2018 |website=KCCA FC}}</ref> Munnayuganda [[:en:Association_football|azannya omupiira]] gw'ensimbi ng'azannya azannya ng'[[:en:Midfielder#Attacking_midfielder|omuwuwuttanyi]] mu [[:en:Tanzanian_Premier_League|Liigi ya Tanzania]] ey'okuntikko mu ttiimu ya [[:en:Young_Africans_S.C.|Young Africans]]<ref>{{cite web |date=13 January 2026 |title=Uganda’s star player Okello joins Tanzanian giants Young Africans SC |url=https://cecafaonline.com/ugandas-star-player-okello-joins-tanzanian-giants-young-africans-sc/ |access-date=2026-01-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Okello enters Vipers history books after Young Africans deal |url=https://www.panafricafootball.com/post/okello-vipers-young-africans-deal/ |publisher=panafricafootball.com}}</ref> n'e[[:en:Uganda_national_football_team|ttiimu ya Uganda ey'omupiira]].<ref name="auto" /><ref name="nft">[https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/75055/Allan_Okello.html Allan Okello] at National-Football-teams.com</ref> == Obulamu bwe == Yazaalibwa era n'akuzibwa mu Ggombolola y'e Barr, mu [[:en:Lira,_Uganda|Disitulikiti y'e Lira]] mu Bukiikakkono bwa Uganda, Okello yagenda e Kampala ku lw'omupiira okusimbira essomero lya [[:en:Kibuli_Secondary_School|Kibuli Secondary School]] oluvannyuma lwa nnyina okufa mu 2012. Okello yazaalibwa abagenzi Patrick Ojom ne Joan Agomu.<ref>{{cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=13 October 2015 |title=KNOW YOUR STARS: Allan Okello dreams of playing professional football |url=https://www.kawowo.com/2015/10/13/know-your-stars-allan-okello-kibuli-s-s-shinning-footballer/ |access-date=19 December 2018 |publisher=}}</ref> == Ku Kiraabu == === KCCA === Nga 24 Ogwokubiri 2017, Okello yayanjulwa ku kisaawe kya [[:en:Kampala_Capital_City_Authority_FC|Kampala Capital City Authority]]' e Lugogo.<ref>{{cite web |title=KCCA FC unveil teenagers |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Sports/Soccer/KCCA-FC--teenagers-Copa-Coca-Cola-Schools-Mutebi/690266-3797754-fc8j10z/index.html |access-date=19 December 2018 |website=Daily Monitor}}</ref> Okello yateeba ggoolo ssatu n'okukola omukisa gumu ogwavaamu ggoolo ku mupiira gwe ogwasooka ng'azannyira Kampala Capital City Authority bwe baali bakuba [[:en:Onduparaka_FC|Onduparaka FC]] 7–0 ku kisaawe kya Phillip Omondi nga 27 Ogwokubiri 2017,<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |last=Kaweru |first=Franklin |date=28 February 2017 |title=KCCA F.C youngster Okello grateful to coach after memorable debut |url=https://www.kawowo.com/2017/02/28/kcca-f-c-youngster-okello-grateful-to-coach-after-memorable-debut/ |access-date=19 December 2018 |publisher=}}</ref> era yafuuka omusambi eyasooka okuteeba ggoolo essatu mu [[:en:Uganda_Premier_League|Liigi ya Uganda]] mu sizoni ya 2016–2017.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muyita |first=Joel |date=26 February 2017 |title=Okello Delighted With Scintillating Debut Performance |url=https://chimpreports.com/okello-delighted-with-scintillating-debut-performance/ |access-date=19 December 2018 |website=ChimpReports}}</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu 2017 ng'ali mu Ssiniya y'omukaaga e [[:en:Kibuli_Secondary_School|Kibuli Secondary School]] gye yali amaze emyaka okuva mu 2012, ttiimu ezamaanyi okwetoolola ensi okugeza [[:en:Mamelodi_Sundowns|Mamelodi Sundowns]], [[:en:Amsterdamsche_Football_Club_Ajax|Amsterdamsche Football Club Ajax]] neeyo okuva e Misiri [[:en:Al_Ahly_Sporting_Club|Al Ahly Sporting Club]] baalaga obwetaavu eri Okello. Wabula Agenti we, Isaac Mwesigwa yakakasa nti si waakwabulira okutuusa ng'amalirizza emisomo gye egya Siniya ey'omukaaga.<ref>{{cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=14 July 2017 |title=Offers for Allan Okello will be accepted after A-Level studies, says agent |url=https://www.kawowo.com/2017/07/14/offers-allan-okello-will-accepted-level-studies-says-agent/ |access-date=19 December 2018 |publisher=}}</ref> ==== Sizoni ya 2018–19 ==== Okello yazannya omupiira gwe ogusooka mu sizoni nga 28 Ogwomwenda, ne [[:en:Soana_FC|Soana FC]] mu kisaawe kya StarTimes Phillip Omondi, [[:en:Kampala_Capital_City_Authority_FC|Kampala Capital City Authority]] (yawangula 2-1). <ref>{{cite web |title=KCCA FC vs Tooro United FC |url=https://www.kawowo.com/event/kcca-fc-vs-tooro-united-fc/ |access-date=27 May 2019 |publisher=}} </ref> Yateeba ggoolo ye esooka mu sizoni nga battunka ne [[:en:Onduparaka|Onduparaka]] nga 19 Ogwekkumi mu kisaawe kya Green Light, [[:en:Arua|Arua]] . <ref>{{cite web |last=Lubega |first=Shaban |title=KCCA, URA register victories to take over at the summit |url=http://www.pmldaily.com/sports/2018/10/kccaura-register-victories-to-take-over-at-the-summit.html |access-date=27 May 2019 |work=PML Daily Sports |publisher=}}</ref> Okello yazannya omupiira gwe ogwasembayo mu sizoni ne [[:en:Maroons_FC|Maroons FC]] nga 4 Ogwokutaano 2019, mu kisaawe kya StarTimes Phillip Omondi. <ref>{{cite web |title=KCCA FC 6-1 Maroons FC |url=http://www.kccafc.co.ug/event/kcca-fc-vs-maroons-fc-2/ |access-date=27 May 2019 |publisher=}}</ref> Yazannya emipiira egisukka mu 24 mu sizoni eyo. Kampala Capital City Authority yawangula ekikopo kya Liigi. Okello sizoni ya [[:en:Uganda_Premier_League|Liigi ya Uganda]] 2018–2019 yagimalirizza ne ggoolo mukaaga. <ref>{{cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=11 May 2019 |title=KCCA playmaker Okello departs for greener pastures, Kizza returns |url=https://www.kawowo.com/2019/05/11/kcca-play-maker-okello-departs-for-greener-pastures-kizza-returns/ |access-date=27 May 2019 |publisher=}}</ref> === Paradou === Nga 21 Ogwoluberyeberye 2020, Okello yakola endagaano ya myaka ena ne [[:en:Paradou_AC|Paradou AC]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-21 |title=Allan Okello completes Paradou switch from KCCA FC |url=https://football256.com/allan-okello-completes-paradou-switch-from-kcca-fc/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606194801/https://football256.com/allan-okello-completes-paradou-switch-from-kcca-fc/ |archive-date=6 June 2020 |access-date=2020-09-23 |website=Latest football news in Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> eyali eteekeddwa okumala okutuusa nga 21 Ogwoluberyeberye 2024. Ebyembi, endagaano ya Allan ne Kiraabu ya Algeria yasazibwamu olw’okukkaanya, ekyamuleka nga talina kiraabu okumala akaseera. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiyonga |first=Ismael |date=2023-09-11 |title=Algeria’s AC Paradou terminate Okello’s contract |url=https://kawowo.com/2023/09/11/algerias-ac-paradou-terminate-okellos-contract/ |access-date=2025-09-30 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> ==== Akomawo ku KCCA ku bbanja ==== Nga 20 Ogwomwenda 2022 oluvannyuma lw'okukkaanya ne Paradou, Okello yassa omukono ku ndagaano y'e bbanja ya mwaka gumu ne [[:en:KCCA_FC|KCCA FC]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Allan Okello returns to KCCA FC on loan |url=https://eagle.co.ug/2022/09/20/allan-okello-returns-to-kcca-fc-on-loan.html}}</ref> Yagenda mu maaso n'azannya emipiira 14 mu kiraabu eno n'awangula engule 6 ez'omuzannyi w'omupiira oguzannyiddwa. === Vipers === Ku nkomerero ya sizoni oluvannyuma lwa [[:en:Kampala_Capital_City_Authority_FC|KCCA]] okulemererwa okukkaanya obukwakkulizo ku ndagaano empya, Okello yeegatta ku [[:en:Vipers_SC|Vipers SC]] abavuganya ne kiraabu eyamukuza eya [[:en:Kampala_Capital_City_Authority_FC|KCCA]] oluvannyuma lw’okutuukirirwa akulira kiraabu eno Dr. [[Lawrence Mulindwa]] mu ddiiru egambibwa nti yamalawo doola 30,000, amawulire gano gaasasaana ku mikutu gya yintaneeti ne kireka abawagizi ba [[:en:Kampala_Capital_City_Authority_FC|KCCA]] bangi nga sibasanyufu n’okukyusibwa obubi. === Ttiimu ya Young Africans === Omuwuwuttanyi wa Uganda ne [[Kiraabu ya Vipers SC|Vipers SC]] alumba Okello Allan yamalirizza yeegasse ku ttiimu ya Tanzania ey'amaanyi [[:en:Young_Africans_S.C.|Young Africans SC]] ku ssente doola 300,000 ng'akawumbi kamu mu za Uganda,gye yassa omukono ku ndagaano y'emyaka esatu <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-12 |title=Allan Okello Seals Billion-Shilling Move to Tanzanian Powerhouse Young Africans SC |url=https://www.pulsesports.ug/story/allan-okello-seals-billion-shilling-move-to-tanzanian-powerhouse-young-africans-sc-2026021212284558308 |access-date=2026-04-14 |website=Pulse Sports Uganda |language=en}}</ref> == ku ttiimu y'eggwanga == === Ey'abali wansi w'emyaka-20 === Okello yazannyira [[:en:Uganda_national_under-20_football_team|Uganda y'abali wansi w'emyaka 20]] mu mpaka za COSAFA U-20 ezaategekebwa e Zambia mu 2017. <ref>{{cite web |date=3 December 2017 |title=COSAFA U-20 Update: Final travelling list for Uganda Hippos team |url=http://www.fufa.co.ug/cosafa-u-20-update-final-travelling-list-uganda-hippos-team/ |access-date=18 March 2019 |publisher=}}</ref> Yasooka kuzannya nga 6 Ogwekkumineebiri 2017, nga battunka ne [[:en:Zambia_national_under-20_football_team|Zambia y'abali wansi w'emyaka 20]] bwe yayingira mu kifo ky'omuzannyi Pius Obuya mu kisaawe kya Arthur Davis, Kitwe. <ref>{{cite web |date=6 December 2017 |title=COSAFA U20 Update: Shaban leads by example as Uganda beats hosts Zambia |url=http://www.fufa.co.ug/cosafa-u20-update-shaban-leads-example-uganda-beats-hosts-zambia/ |access-date=18 March 2019 |publisher=}}</ref> === Eyabali wansi w'emyaka-23 === Okello azannyidde mu [[:en:Uganda_national_under-23_football_team|Uganda y'abali wansi w'emyaka 23]] mu mpaka za TOTAL AFCON U-23 ez'okusunsulamu. <ref>{{cite web |date=14 November 2018 |title=TOTAL AFCON U-23 Qualifiers: Uganda Kobs edge South Sudan in first leg |url=http://www.fufa.co.ug/total-afcon-u-23-qualifiers-uganda-kobs-edge-south-sudan-first-leg/ |access-date=18 March 2019 |publisher=}}</ref> Yasooka kuzannya nga 14 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2018, ne South Sudan y'abali wansi w'emyaka 23 mu kisaawe kya Star Times Lugogo, Uganda yawangula omupiira guno ggoolo 1-0. <ref>{{cite web |date=14 November 2018 |title=FULL TIME: Uganda Kobs ?? 1-0 ?? South Sudan - CAF U-23 Qualifiers |url=https://www.kawowo.com/2018/11/14/live-uganda-kobs-vs-south-sudan-caf-u-23-qualifiers/ |access-date=18 March 2019 |publisher=}}</ref> === Ttiimu enkulu === Nga 13 Ogwokusatu 2019, eyali omutendesi [[:en:Uganda_national_football_team|Uganda]] [[:en:Sébastien_Desabre|Sébastien Desabre]] yayita Okello abeere ku ttiimu esembayo nga yeetegekera omupiira gwa Afcon ogw’okusunsulamu ogusembayo ne Tanzania. <ref>{{cite web |date=16 March 2019 |title=Okello named on Uganda Cranes team for Tanzania clash |url=https://www.kawowo.com/2019/03/16/okello-named-among-local-stars-on-uganda-cranes-team-for-tanzania-clash/ |access-date=18 March 2019 |publisher=}}</ref> Wabula yasooka kuzannya mu ttiimu y'eggwanga ey'abakulu nga battunka ne [[:en:Somalia_national_football_team|Somalia]] . ==== Ggoolo ku ttiimu y'eggwanga ==== : ''Obukodyo n'ebyava.'' {| class="wikitable" !No. !Ennaku z'omwezi !Ekifo !Omulabe !Ggoolo !Ebyaguvaamu !Empaka |- |1. |19 Ogwekkumi 2019 |StarTimes Stadium, [[:en:Kampala|Kampala]], Uganda | [[Burundi]] | align="center" |'''3'''–0 | align="center" |3–0 |[[:en:2020_African_Nations_Championship_qualification|Empaka za Africa ez'okusunsulamu 2020]] |- |2. | rowspan="2" |9 Ogwekkumineebiri 2019 | rowspan="2" |[[:en:Lugogo_Stadium|Lugogo Stadium]], Kampala, Uganda | rowspan="2" | [[Somalia]] | align="center" |'''1'''–0 | rowspan="2" align="center" |2–0 | rowspan="2" |[[:en:2019_CECAFA_Cup|Ekikopo kya CECAFA ekya 2019]] |- |3. | align="center" |'''2'''–0 |- |4. |25 Ogwokusatu 2025 | rowspan="3" |[[:en:Mandela_National_Stadium|Mandela National Stadium]], Kampala, Uganda | [[Guinea]] | rowspan="3" align="center" |'''1'''–0 | align="center" |1–0 | rowspan="3" | [[:en:2026_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_–_CAF_Group_G|Empaka z'ekikopo ky'ensi yonna ez'okusunsulamu 2026]] |- |5. |5 Ogwomwenda 2025 | [[Mozambique]] | align="center" |4–0 |- |6. |8 Ogwomwenda 2025 | [[Somalia]] | align="center" |2–0 |} == Ebitiibwa == '''Lira Destiny Ettendekero ly'ebyemizannyo''' * Omuwanguzi – Ekitundu ky’obukiikakkono bwa ARS: 2014 <ref name="auto3">{{cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=26 May 2019 |title=Teenager Allan Okello arrives in Switzerland prior to trials |url=https://www.kawowo.com/2019/05/26/teenager-allan-okello-arrives-in-switzerland-prior-to-trials/ |access-date=27 May 2019 |publisher=}}</ref> '''Kibuli S.S''' * Muwanguzi wa Copa Coca-Cola: 2016<ref name="Bbosa">{{cite news|last1=Bbosa|first1=Dennis|title=Kibuli lift Copa title|url=https://mobile.monitor.co.ug/Kibuli-lift-Copa-title/-/691260/3224450/-/format/xhtml/-/dmgea6/-/index.html|access-date=20 December 2018|work=Daily Monitor|date=30 May 2016|archive-date=20 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220230522/https://mobile.monitor.co.ug/Kibuli-lift-Copa-title/-/691260/3224450/-/format/xhtml/-/dmgea6/-/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Empaka za National Post Primary Championship: 2014<ref name="auto3"/> '''KCCA FC''' * [[:en:Uganda_Premier_League|Liigi ya Uganda]]: 2016–17, 2018–19 <ref>{{cite web |last1=Kiyonga |first1=Ismael |title=KCCA dominates, Sserunkuma is the 2016-17 UPL MVP |url=https://www.kawowo.com/2017/07/27/kcca-dominates-sserunkuma-is-the-201617-aupl-mvp/ |access-date=20 December 2018 |publisher=Kawowo}}</ref> * [[:en:Uganda_Cup|Uganda Cup]]: 2016–17, 2017–18<ref>{{cite news|last1=Wandati|first1=Michael|title=KCCA FC beats Vipers, defends Uganda Cup|url=http://dispatch.ug/2018/06/10/kcca-fc-beats-vipers-defends-uganda-cup/|access-date=20 December 2018|work=Dispatch|date=10 June 2018|archive-date=20 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220230429/http://dispatch.ug/2018/06/10/kcca-fc-beats-vipers-defends-uganda-cup/|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Vipers SC === * Liigi ya Uganda: 2024-25<ref>{{Cite web |title=One moment, please... |url=https://upl.co.ug/vipers-crowned-2024-25-premier-league-champions/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260216055223/https://upl.co.ug/vipers-crowned-2024-25-premier-league-champions/ |archive-date=2026-02-16 |access-date=2026-04-14 |website=upl.co.ug |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> * Uganda Cup:2024-25<ref>{{Cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=2025-05-31 |title=Vipers defeats KCCA to clinch 4th Stanbic Uganda Cup title |url=https://kawowo.com/2025/05/31/vipers-defeats-kcca-to-clinch-4th-stanbic-uganda-cup-title/ |access-date=2026-04-14 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Omuntu ssekinnomu''' * Buzz Teeniez Awards Sports Personality of the Year 2019 * Airtel Rising Stars M.V.P: 2014, 2015, 2016 * Copa Coca-Cola M.V.P: 2016 * FUFA Junior League M.V.P: 2016<ref name="auto1"/> * Omuzannyi omuto ow'omwaka : 2016–2017<ref>{{cite web |date=28 July 2017 |title=Pictorial: Fashion, class and elegance at 2016/17 Azam Uganda Premier League Awards |url=http://www.fufa.co.ug/pictorial-fashion-class-elegance-201617-azam-uganda-premier-league-awards/ |access-date=19 December 2018 |publisher=}}</ref> * Abazannyi 11 abasinga aba Airtel FUFA: 2017–18<ref name="auto2">{{cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=8 December 2018 |title=Airtel FUFA Awards 2018: Waiswa, Aturo drive home as season's finest |url=https://www.kawowo.com/2018/12/08/airtel-fufa-awards-2018-waiswa-aturo-drive-home-as-seasons-finest/ |access-date=19 December 2018 |publisher=}}</ref> * Omuzanny wa Airtel FUFA abawagizi gwe basinga okwagala ow'omwaka: 2018<ref name="auto2" /> * Airtel Fufa Omuzannyi w'omwaka: 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Marsha |first=Ahmed |date=2019-12-14 |title=Airtel FUFA Awards 2019: Okello, Nalukenge crowned as the finest footballers |url=https://www.fufa.co.ug/airtel-fufa-awards-2019-okello-nalukenge-crowned-finest-footballers/ |access-date=2025-09-30 |website=FUFA: Federation of Uganda Football Associations |language=en-US}}</ref> * Engule ezitegekebwa Fortebet : 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aheebwa |first=Brian |date=2024-10-29 |title=Okello Caps Off an Impressive October with Real Stars Award |url=https://nbssport.co.ug/2024/10/29/okello-caps-off-an-impressive-october-with-real-stars-award/ |access-date=2025-09-30 |website=NBS Sport |language=en-US}}</ref> * Engatto y'omuzannyi asinze okuteeba Ggoolo mu Liigi ya Uganda mu Sizoni ya: 2024-2025 Season.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Marsha |first=Ahmed |date=2019-12-14 |title=Airtel FUFA Awards 2019: Okello, Nalukenge crowned as the finest footballers |url=https://www.fufa.co.ug/airtel-fufa-awards-2019-okello-nalukenge-crowned-finest-footballers/ |access-date=2025-09-30 |website=FUFA: Federation of Uganda Football Associations |language=en-US}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[:en:Kibuli_Secondary_School|Kibuli Secondary School]] * [[:en:Kampala_Capital_City_Authority_FC|Kampala Capital City Authority]] * [[:en:Young_Africans_S.C.|Young Africans SC]] * [[:en:Vipers_SC|Vipers SC]] == Ebijuliziddwa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?from=en&to=lg&page=Allan+Okello Allan Okello] ku Ttiimu y'eggwanga * [https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?from=en&to=lg&page=Allan+Okello Allan Okello] ku Soccerway * [https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1475221/kcca-fc-okello-secures-win-updf newvision.co.ug] * [https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1475221/kcca-fc-okello-secures-win-updf monitor.co.ug] * [https://chimpreports.com/mutebi-impressed-by-youngster-okello-luminous-display-against-club-africain/ chimpreports.com] * [https://chimpreports.com/mutebi-impressed-by-youngster-okello-luminous-display-against-club-africain/ nimsportug.com] okuva mu tterekero 18 Ogwomunaana 2018 ku kyuma kya Wayback. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180816162111/http://airtelfootball.ug/2017/07/12/reports-airtel-rising-stars-graduate-allan-okello-join-ajax-amsterdam/ airtelfootball.ug] okuva mu tterekero 16 Ogwomunaana 2018 ku kyuma kya Wayback * [https://nilepost.co.ug/2018/03/31/u20-qualifiers-allan-okello-spurs-hippos-past-south-sudan-in-thriller/ nilepost.co.ug] {{Uganda squad 2025 Africa Cup of Nations}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Okello, Allan}} [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] b65vhs7v879e6p8yy3zcrzv2p3gg1mt 66940 66939 2026-08-06T10:04:29Z Samson Ssemakadde 6903 Samson Ssemakadde moved page [[Allan Okello, Muzannyi wa Mupiira]] to [[Allan Okello]]: Misspelled title 66939 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Allan Okello''' (Yazaalibwa 4 Ogw'omusanvu 2000)<ref name="auto">{{cite web |title=Allan Okello |url=http://www.kccafc.co.ug/player/allan-okello/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103150845/http://www.kccafc.co.ug/player/allan-okello/ |archive-date=3 November 2018 |access-date=19 December 2018 |website=KCCA FC}}</ref> Munnayuganda [[:en:Association_football|azannya omupiira]] gw'ensimbi ng'azannya azannya ng'[[:en:Midfielder#Attacking_midfielder|omuwuwuttanyi]] mu [[:en:Tanzanian_Premier_League|Liigi ya Tanzania]] ey'okuntikko mu ttiimu ya [[:en:Young_Africans_S.C.|Young Africans]]<ref>{{cite web |date=13 January 2026 |title=Uganda’s star player Okello joins Tanzanian giants Young Africans SC |url=https://cecafaonline.com/ugandas-star-player-okello-joins-tanzanian-giants-young-africans-sc/ |access-date=2026-01-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Okello enters Vipers history books after Young Africans deal |url=https://www.panafricafootball.com/post/okello-vipers-young-africans-deal/ |publisher=panafricafootball.com}}</ref> n'e[[:en:Uganda_national_football_team|ttiimu ya Uganda ey'omupiira]].<ref name="auto" /><ref name="nft">[https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/75055/Allan_Okello.html Allan Okello] at National-Football-teams.com</ref> == Obulamu bwe == Yazaalibwa era n'akuzibwa mu Ggombolola y'e Barr, mu [[:en:Lira,_Uganda|Disitulikiti y'e Lira]] mu Bukiikakkono bwa Uganda, Okello yagenda e Kampala ku lw'omupiira okusimbira essomero lya [[:en:Kibuli_Secondary_School|Kibuli Secondary School]] oluvannyuma lwa nnyina okufa mu 2012. Okello yazaalibwa abagenzi Patrick Ojom ne Joan Agomu.<ref>{{cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=13 October 2015 |title=KNOW YOUR STARS: Allan Okello dreams of playing professional football |url=https://www.kawowo.com/2015/10/13/know-your-stars-allan-okello-kibuli-s-s-shinning-footballer/ |access-date=19 December 2018 |publisher=}}</ref> == Ku Kiraabu == === KCCA === Nga 24 Ogwokubiri 2017, Okello yayanjulwa ku kisaawe kya [[:en:Kampala_Capital_City_Authority_FC|Kampala Capital City Authority]]' e Lugogo.<ref>{{cite web |title=KCCA FC unveil teenagers |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Sports/Soccer/KCCA-FC--teenagers-Copa-Coca-Cola-Schools-Mutebi/690266-3797754-fc8j10z/index.html |access-date=19 December 2018 |website=Daily Monitor}}</ref> Okello yateeba ggoolo ssatu n'okukola omukisa gumu ogwavaamu ggoolo ku mupiira gwe ogwasooka ng'azannyira Kampala Capital City Authority bwe baali bakuba [[:en:Onduparaka_FC|Onduparaka FC]] 7–0 ku kisaawe kya Phillip Omondi nga 27 Ogwokubiri 2017,<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |last=Kaweru |first=Franklin |date=28 February 2017 |title=KCCA F.C youngster Okello grateful to coach after memorable debut |url=https://www.kawowo.com/2017/02/28/kcca-f-c-youngster-okello-grateful-to-coach-after-memorable-debut/ |access-date=19 December 2018 |publisher=}}</ref> era yafuuka omusambi eyasooka okuteeba ggoolo essatu mu [[:en:Uganda_Premier_League|Liigi ya Uganda]] mu sizoni ya 2016–2017.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muyita |first=Joel |date=26 February 2017 |title=Okello Delighted With Scintillating Debut Performance |url=https://chimpreports.com/okello-delighted-with-scintillating-debut-performance/ |access-date=19 December 2018 |website=ChimpReports}}</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu 2017 ng'ali mu Ssiniya y'omukaaga e [[:en:Kibuli_Secondary_School|Kibuli Secondary School]] gye yali amaze emyaka okuva mu 2012, ttiimu ezamaanyi okwetoolola ensi okugeza [[:en:Mamelodi_Sundowns|Mamelodi Sundowns]], [[:en:Amsterdamsche_Football_Club_Ajax|Amsterdamsche Football Club Ajax]] neeyo okuva e Misiri [[:en:Al_Ahly_Sporting_Club|Al Ahly Sporting Club]] baalaga obwetaavu eri Okello. Wabula Agenti we, Isaac Mwesigwa yakakasa nti si waakwabulira okutuusa ng'amalirizza emisomo gye egya Siniya ey'omukaaga.<ref>{{cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=14 July 2017 |title=Offers for Allan Okello will be accepted after A-Level studies, says agent |url=https://www.kawowo.com/2017/07/14/offers-allan-okello-will-accepted-level-studies-says-agent/ |access-date=19 December 2018 |publisher=}}</ref> ==== Sizoni ya 2018–19 ==== Okello yazannya omupiira gwe ogusooka mu sizoni nga 28 Ogwomwenda, ne [[:en:Soana_FC|Soana FC]] mu kisaawe kya StarTimes Phillip Omondi, [[:en:Kampala_Capital_City_Authority_FC|Kampala Capital City Authority]] (yawangula 2-1). <ref>{{cite web |title=KCCA FC vs Tooro United FC |url=https://www.kawowo.com/event/kcca-fc-vs-tooro-united-fc/ |access-date=27 May 2019 |publisher=}} </ref> Yateeba ggoolo ye esooka mu sizoni nga battunka ne [[:en:Onduparaka|Onduparaka]] nga 19 Ogwekkumi mu kisaawe kya Green Light, [[:en:Arua|Arua]] . <ref>{{cite web |last=Lubega |first=Shaban |title=KCCA, URA register victories to take over at the summit |url=http://www.pmldaily.com/sports/2018/10/kccaura-register-victories-to-take-over-at-the-summit.html |access-date=27 May 2019 |work=PML Daily Sports |publisher=}}</ref> Okello yazannya omupiira gwe ogwasembayo mu sizoni ne [[:en:Maroons_FC|Maroons FC]] nga 4 Ogwokutaano 2019, mu kisaawe kya StarTimes Phillip Omondi. <ref>{{cite web |title=KCCA FC 6-1 Maroons FC |url=http://www.kccafc.co.ug/event/kcca-fc-vs-maroons-fc-2/ |access-date=27 May 2019 |publisher=}}</ref> Yazannya emipiira egisukka mu 24 mu sizoni eyo. Kampala Capital City Authority yawangula ekikopo kya Liigi. Okello sizoni ya [[:en:Uganda_Premier_League|Liigi ya Uganda]] 2018–2019 yagimalirizza ne ggoolo mukaaga. <ref>{{cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=11 May 2019 |title=KCCA playmaker Okello departs for greener pastures, Kizza returns |url=https://www.kawowo.com/2019/05/11/kcca-play-maker-okello-departs-for-greener-pastures-kizza-returns/ |access-date=27 May 2019 |publisher=}}</ref> === Paradou === Nga 21 Ogwoluberyeberye 2020, Okello yakola endagaano ya myaka ena ne [[:en:Paradou_AC|Paradou AC]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-21 |title=Allan Okello completes Paradou switch from KCCA FC |url=https://football256.com/allan-okello-completes-paradou-switch-from-kcca-fc/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606194801/https://football256.com/allan-okello-completes-paradou-switch-from-kcca-fc/ |archive-date=6 June 2020 |access-date=2020-09-23 |website=Latest football news in Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> eyali eteekeddwa okumala okutuusa nga 21 Ogwoluberyeberye 2024. Ebyembi, endagaano ya Allan ne Kiraabu ya Algeria yasazibwamu olw’okukkaanya, ekyamuleka nga talina kiraabu okumala akaseera. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiyonga |first=Ismael |date=2023-09-11 |title=Algeria’s AC Paradou terminate Okello’s contract |url=https://kawowo.com/2023/09/11/algerias-ac-paradou-terminate-okellos-contract/ |access-date=2025-09-30 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> ==== Akomawo ku KCCA ku bbanja ==== Nga 20 Ogwomwenda 2022 oluvannyuma lw'okukkaanya ne Paradou, Okello yassa omukono ku ndagaano y'e bbanja ya mwaka gumu ne [[:en:KCCA_FC|KCCA FC]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Allan Okello returns to KCCA FC on loan |url=https://eagle.co.ug/2022/09/20/allan-okello-returns-to-kcca-fc-on-loan.html}}</ref> Yagenda mu maaso n'azannya emipiira 14 mu kiraabu eno n'awangula engule 6 ez'omuzannyi w'omupiira oguzannyiddwa. === Vipers === Ku nkomerero ya sizoni oluvannyuma lwa [[:en:Kampala_Capital_City_Authority_FC|KCCA]] okulemererwa okukkaanya obukwakkulizo ku ndagaano empya, Okello yeegatta ku [[:en:Vipers_SC|Vipers SC]] abavuganya ne kiraabu eyamukuza eya [[:en:Kampala_Capital_City_Authority_FC|KCCA]] oluvannyuma lw’okutuukirirwa akulira kiraabu eno Dr. [[Lawrence Mulindwa]] mu ddiiru egambibwa nti yamalawo doola 30,000, amawulire gano gaasasaana ku mikutu gya yintaneeti ne kireka abawagizi ba [[:en:Kampala_Capital_City_Authority_FC|KCCA]] bangi nga sibasanyufu n’okukyusibwa obubi. === Ttiimu ya Young Africans === Omuwuwuttanyi wa Uganda ne [[Kiraabu ya Vipers SC|Vipers SC]] alumba Okello Allan yamalirizza yeegasse ku ttiimu ya Tanzania ey'amaanyi [[:en:Young_Africans_S.C.|Young Africans SC]] ku ssente doola 300,000 ng'akawumbi kamu mu za Uganda,gye yassa omukono ku ndagaano y'emyaka esatu <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-02-12 |title=Allan Okello Seals Billion-Shilling Move to Tanzanian Powerhouse Young Africans SC |url=https://www.pulsesports.ug/story/allan-okello-seals-billion-shilling-move-to-tanzanian-powerhouse-young-africans-sc-2026021212284558308 |access-date=2026-04-14 |website=Pulse Sports Uganda |language=en}}</ref> == ku ttiimu y'eggwanga == === Ey'abali wansi w'emyaka-20 === Okello yazannyira [[:en:Uganda_national_under-20_football_team|Uganda y'abali wansi w'emyaka 20]] mu mpaka za COSAFA U-20 ezaategekebwa e Zambia mu 2017. <ref>{{cite web |date=3 December 2017 |title=COSAFA U-20 Update: Final travelling list for Uganda Hippos team |url=http://www.fufa.co.ug/cosafa-u-20-update-final-travelling-list-uganda-hippos-team/ |access-date=18 March 2019 |publisher=}}</ref> Yasooka kuzannya nga 6 Ogwekkumineebiri 2017, nga battunka ne [[:en:Zambia_national_under-20_football_team|Zambia y'abali wansi w'emyaka 20]] bwe yayingira mu kifo ky'omuzannyi Pius Obuya mu kisaawe kya Arthur Davis, Kitwe. <ref>{{cite web |date=6 December 2017 |title=COSAFA U20 Update: Shaban leads by example as Uganda beats hosts Zambia |url=http://www.fufa.co.ug/cosafa-u20-update-shaban-leads-example-uganda-beats-hosts-zambia/ |access-date=18 March 2019 |publisher=}}</ref> === Eyabali wansi w'emyaka-23 === Okello azannyidde mu [[:en:Uganda_national_under-23_football_team|Uganda y'abali wansi w'emyaka 23]] mu mpaka za TOTAL AFCON U-23 ez'okusunsulamu. <ref>{{cite web |date=14 November 2018 |title=TOTAL AFCON U-23 Qualifiers: Uganda Kobs edge South Sudan in first leg |url=http://www.fufa.co.ug/total-afcon-u-23-qualifiers-uganda-kobs-edge-south-sudan-first-leg/ |access-date=18 March 2019 |publisher=}}</ref> Yasooka kuzannya nga 14 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2018, ne South Sudan y'abali wansi w'emyaka 23 mu kisaawe kya Star Times Lugogo, Uganda yawangula omupiira guno ggoolo 1-0. <ref>{{cite web |date=14 November 2018 |title=FULL TIME: Uganda Kobs ?? 1-0 ?? South Sudan - CAF U-23 Qualifiers |url=https://www.kawowo.com/2018/11/14/live-uganda-kobs-vs-south-sudan-caf-u-23-qualifiers/ |access-date=18 March 2019 |publisher=}}</ref> === Ttiimu enkulu === Nga 13 Ogwokusatu 2019, eyali omutendesi [[:en:Uganda_national_football_team|Uganda]] [[:en:Sébastien_Desabre|Sébastien Desabre]] yayita Okello abeere ku ttiimu esembayo nga yeetegekera omupiira gwa Afcon ogw’okusunsulamu ogusembayo ne Tanzania. <ref>{{cite web |date=16 March 2019 |title=Okello named on Uganda Cranes team for Tanzania clash |url=https://www.kawowo.com/2019/03/16/okello-named-among-local-stars-on-uganda-cranes-team-for-tanzania-clash/ |access-date=18 March 2019 |publisher=}}</ref> Wabula yasooka kuzannya mu ttiimu y'eggwanga ey'abakulu nga battunka ne [[:en:Somalia_national_football_team|Somalia]] . ==== Ggoolo ku ttiimu y'eggwanga ==== : ''Obukodyo n'ebyava.'' {| class="wikitable" !No. !Ennaku z'omwezi !Ekifo !Omulabe !Ggoolo !Ebyaguvaamu !Empaka |- |1. |19 Ogwekkumi 2019 |StarTimes Stadium, [[:en:Kampala|Kampala]], Uganda | [[Burundi]] | align="center" |'''3'''–0 | align="center" |3–0 |[[:en:2020_African_Nations_Championship_qualification|Empaka za Africa ez'okusunsulamu 2020]] |- |2. | rowspan="2" |9 Ogwekkumineebiri 2019 | rowspan="2" |[[:en:Lugogo_Stadium|Lugogo Stadium]], Kampala, Uganda | rowspan="2" | [[Somalia]] | align="center" |'''1'''–0 | rowspan="2" align="center" |2–0 | rowspan="2" |[[:en:2019_CECAFA_Cup|Ekikopo kya CECAFA ekya 2019]] |- |3. | align="center" |'''2'''–0 |- |4. |25 Ogwokusatu 2025 | rowspan="3" |[[:en:Mandela_National_Stadium|Mandela National Stadium]], Kampala, Uganda | [[Guinea]] | rowspan="3" align="center" |'''1'''–0 | align="center" |1–0 | rowspan="3" | [[:en:2026_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_–_CAF_Group_G|Empaka z'ekikopo ky'ensi yonna ez'okusunsulamu 2026]] |- |5. |5 Ogwomwenda 2025 | [[Mozambique]] | align="center" |4–0 |- |6. |8 Ogwomwenda 2025 | [[Somalia]] | align="center" |2–0 |} == Ebitiibwa == '''Lira Destiny Ettendekero ly'ebyemizannyo''' * Omuwanguzi – Ekitundu ky’obukiikakkono bwa ARS: 2014 <ref name="auto3">{{cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=26 May 2019 |title=Teenager Allan Okello arrives in Switzerland prior to trials |url=https://www.kawowo.com/2019/05/26/teenager-allan-okello-arrives-in-switzerland-prior-to-trials/ |access-date=27 May 2019 |publisher=}}</ref> '''Kibuli S.S''' * Muwanguzi wa Copa Coca-Cola: 2016<ref name="Bbosa">{{cite news|last1=Bbosa|first1=Dennis|title=Kibuli lift Copa title|url=https://mobile.monitor.co.ug/Kibuli-lift-Copa-title/-/691260/3224450/-/format/xhtml/-/dmgea6/-/index.html|access-date=20 December 2018|work=Daily Monitor|date=30 May 2016|archive-date=20 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220230522/https://mobile.monitor.co.ug/Kibuli-lift-Copa-title/-/691260/3224450/-/format/xhtml/-/dmgea6/-/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Empaka za National Post Primary Championship: 2014<ref name="auto3"/> '''KCCA FC''' * [[:en:Uganda_Premier_League|Liigi ya Uganda]]: 2016–17, 2018–19 <ref>{{cite web |last1=Kiyonga |first1=Ismael |title=KCCA dominates, Sserunkuma is the 2016-17 UPL MVP |url=https://www.kawowo.com/2017/07/27/kcca-dominates-sserunkuma-is-the-201617-aupl-mvp/ |access-date=20 December 2018 |publisher=Kawowo}}</ref> * [[:en:Uganda_Cup|Uganda Cup]]: 2016–17, 2017–18<ref>{{cite news|last1=Wandati|first1=Michael|title=KCCA FC beats Vipers, defends Uganda Cup|url=http://dispatch.ug/2018/06/10/kcca-fc-beats-vipers-defends-uganda-cup/|access-date=20 December 2018|work=Dispatch|date=10 June 2018|archive-date=20 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220230429/http://dispatch.ug/2018/06/10/kcca-fc-beats-vipers-defends-uganda-cup/|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Vipers SC === * Liigi ya Uganda: 2024-25<ref>{{Cite web |title=One moment, please... |url=https://upl.co.ug/vipers-crowned-2024-25-premier-league-champions/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260216055223/https://upl.co.ug/vipers-crowned-2024-25-premier-league-champions/ |archive-date=2026-02-16 |access-date=2026-04-14 |website=upl.co.ug |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> * Uganda Cup:2024-25<ref>{{Cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=2025-05-31 |title=Vipers defeats KCCA to clinch 4th Stanbic Uganda Cup title |url=https://kawowo.com/2025/05/31/vipers-defeats-kcca-to-clinch-4th-stanbic-uganda-cup-title/ |access-date=2026-04-14 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Omuntu ssekinnomu''' * Buzz Teeniez Awards Sports Personality of the Year 2019 * Airtel Rising Stars M.V.P: 2014, 2015, 2016 * Copa Coca-Cola M.V.P: 2016 * FUFA Junior League M.V.P: 2016<ref name="auto1"/> * Omuzannyi omuto ow'omwaka : 2016–2017<ref>{{cite web |date=28 July 2017 |title=Pictorial: Fashion, class and elegance at 2016/17 Azam Uganda Premier League Awards |url=http://www.fufa.co.ug/pictorial-fashion-class-elegance-201617-azam-uganda-premier-league-awards/ |access-date=19 December 2018 |publisher=}}</ref> * Abazannyi 11 abasinga aba Airtel FUFA: 2017–18<ref name="auto2">{{cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=8 December 2018 |title=Airtel FUFA Awards 2018: Waiswa, Aturo drive home as season's finest |url=https://www.kawowo.com/2018/12/08/airtel-fufa-awards-2018-waiswa-aturo-drive-home-as-seasons-finest/ |access-date=19 December 2018 |publisher=}}</ref> * Omuzanny wa Airtel FUFA abawagizi gwe basinga okwagala ow'omwaka: 2018<ref name="auto2" /> * Airtel Fufa Omuzannyi w'omwaka: 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Marsha |first=Ahmed |date=2019-12-14 |title=Airtel FUFA Awards 2019: Okello, Nalukenge crowned as the finest footballers |url=https://www.fufa.co.ug/airtel-fufa-awards-2019-okello-nalukenge-crowned-finest-footballers/ |access-date=2025-09-30 |website=FUFA: Federation of Uganda Football Associations |language=en-US}}</ref> * Engule ezitegekebwa Fortebet : 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aheebwa |first=Brian |date=2024-10-29 |title=Okello Caps Off an Impressive October with Real Stars Award |url=https://nbssport.co.ug/2024/10/29/okello-caps-off-an-impressive-october-with-real-stars-award/ |access-date=2025-09-30 |website=NBS Sport |language=en-US}}</ref> * Engatto y'omuzannyi asinze okuteeba Ggoolo mu Liigi ya Uganda mu Sizoni ya: 2024-2025 Season.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Marsha |first=Ahmed |date=2019-12-14 |title=Airtel FUFA Awards 2019: Okello, Nalukenge crowned as the finest footballers |url=https://www.fufa.co.ug/airtel-fufa-awards-2019-okello-nalukenge-crowned-finest-footballers/ |access-date=2025-09-30 |website=FUFA: Federation of Uganda Football Associations |language=en-US}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[:en:Kibuli_Secondary_School|Kibuli Secondary School]] * [[:en:Kampala_Capital_City_Authority_FC|Kampala Capital City Authority]] * [[:en:Young_Africans_S.C.|Young Africans SC]] * [[:en:Vipers_SC|Vipers SC]] == Ebijuliziddwa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?from=en&to=lg&page=Allan+Okello Allan Okello] ku Ttiimu y'eggwanga * [https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?from=en&to=lg&page=Allan+Okello Allan Okello] ku Soccerway * [https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1475221/kcca-fc-okello-secures-win-updf newvision.co.ug] * [https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1475221/kcca-fc-okello-secures-win-updf monitor.co.ug] * [https://chimpreports.com/mutebi-impressed-by-youngster-okello-luminous-display-against-club-africain/ chimpreports.com] * [https://chimpreports.com/mutebi-impressed-by-youngster-okello-luminous-display-against-club-africain/ nimsportug.com] okuva mu tterekero 18 Ogwomunaana 2018 ku kyuma kya Wayback. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180816162111/http://airtelfootball.ug/2017/07/12/reports-airtel-rising-stars-graduate-allan-okello-join-ajax-amsterdam/ airtelfootball.ug] okuva mu tterekero 16 Ogwomunaana 2018 ku kyuma kya Wayback * [https://nilepost.co.ug/2018/03/31/u20-qualifiers-allan-okello-spurs-hippos-past-south-sudan-in-thriller/ nilepost.co.ug] {{Uganda squad 2025 Africa Cup of Nations}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Okello, Allan}} [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] b65vhs7v879e6p8yy3zcrzv2p3gg1mt 0 14193 66812 61653 2026-08-05T18:53:41Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260805)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 66812 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emmanuel Bwayo Wakhweya''' (yazaalibwa nga 25 Ogwekkumineebiri 1936 – 11 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2001) yali Munnayuganda nga munnabyabufuzi era omukugu mu by'enfuna. Yali Minisita w'ebyensimbi mu Uganda ku mulembe gwa [[Idi Amin]] okuva mu 1971 okutuusa lwe yava mu ntebe ey'amaanyi okugenda e London mu 1975.<ref name="ugandanews">{{Cite web |title=Uganda's finance ministers since independence |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1010258/uganda-eur-finance-ministers-independence}}</ref><ref name=":03">[https://web.archive.org/web/20181203161913/https://www.nytimes.com/1976/07/21/archives/uganda-minister-named.html "Uganda Minister Named"]. ''The New York Times''. 21 July 1976. Archived from [https://www.nytimes.com/1976/07/21/archives/uganda-minister-named.html the original] on 3 December 2018. Retrieved 14 October 2018.</ref> == Ebikwata ku bulamu bwe == === Obuto bwe n’okusoma === Emmanuel Bwayo Wakhweya yazaalibwa ku kyalo [[Butiru]] mu [[Mbale (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Mbale]] mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]] nga 25 Ogwekkumineebiri 1936. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Wakhweya yali wa ggwanga lya Bugisu.<ref name=":13">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110312014049/https://ugandansatheart.wordpress.com/2009/09/05/829/ "Uganda Cabinets Since Independence"]. ''Ugandans at Heart''. 5 September 2009. Archived from [https://ugandansatheart.wordpress.com/2009/09/05/829/ the original] on 12 March 2011. Retrieved 22 October 2018.</ref> Wakhweya okusoma yakutandikira ku Bunyinza Primary School, gye yava mu 1949.<ref name=":110">{{Cite journal |date=1981 |title=Africa Who's Who |journal=Africa Who's Who |language=en |issn=0261-1570 |oclc=231044235}}</ref> Oluvannyuma yasomera ku [[St. Peter's College Tororo|St. Peter’s College]] e [[Tororo]], [[Yuganda|Uganda]], essomero ly’ekisulo eky'abalenzi bokka, Wakhweya gye yamalira emisomo mu 1956.<ref name=":110" /> Wakhweya yafuna diguli ya bachelor’s okuva mu Delhi University e New Delhi, [[India]] mu 1960. Yakomawo awaka okufumbirwa mukwano gwe gwe yasoma naye mu siniya, Christine Namataka mu 1961. === Emirimu gye === Oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza diguli ye eya Bachelor's ey'ekitiibwa ku New Delhi University mu Buyindi, Wakhweya yaddayo eka n’afuuka omu ku bakulira disitulikiti mu Uganda abaasooka nga 5 Ogwomwenda 1960 mu kiseera ky’obufuzi bw’amatwale ga Bungereza.<ref name=":24">{{Cite book |last=Dickie |first=John |year=1973 |title=Who's who in Africa; the political, military and business leaders of Africa |url=https://archive.org/details/whoswhoinafrica0000john |last2=Rake |first2=Alan |author-link2=Alan Rake |publisher=African Development |isbn=978-0-9502755-0-5 |location=London |oclc=815829}}</ref> Uganda bwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva ku Bungereza, Wakhweya yafuuka omuyambi w'omuwandiisi w'eggwanika mu gavumenti ya Milton [[Milton Obote|Obote]].<ref name=":24" /> Kino kyatandika okulinnya amangu mu mirimu gya Wakhweya mu ggwanika lya Uganda. Yakuzibwa n’afuulibwa omuwandiisi omubeezi mu ggwanika nga 4 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1965, omumyuka wa Gavana eyalondebwa mu [[Bank of Uganda|Bbanka ya Uganda]] mu 1968, era n’alondebwa ku bwa Minisita bw’eggwanika nga 1 Ogwoluberyeberye 1969.<ref name=":110">{{Cite journal |date=1981 |title=Africa Who's Who |journal=Africa Who's Who |language=en |issn=0261-1570 |oclc=231044235}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="">"Africa Who's Who". ''Africa Who's Who''. 1981. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-1570 0261-1570]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/231044235 231044235].</cite></ref> Oluvanyuma lw’okuwamba gavumenti mu bukambwe [[1971 Ugandan coup d'etat|mu 1971]] okwakulemberwa [[Idi Amin]], Wakhweya, nga n’abawandiisi ab’enkalakkalira bonna bwe baali mu ekiseera ekyo, yalondebwa [[Idi Amin]] nga Minisita w’ebyensimb mu nfuga eyali yakatondebwawo, Wakhweya gye yaweebwa omulimu gw’okutebenkeza ebyenfuna bya Uganda, ebyali bigenda byonoonebwa amangu olw’ensaasaanya ya gavumenti ennyingi, okugaana okuweebwa ensimbi okuva mu mawanga amalala oluvannyuma lw’okuwamba gavumenti, n’obutaba na bamusigansimbi okuva ebweru w’eggwanga. === Okuva mu ggwanga === Mu kukyala kwe yalina e London, Great Britain, ku ntandikwa y'Ogwoluberyeberye 1975, Wakhweya yalangirira okulekulira kwe era n’ava mu kabineti ya Idi Amin nga 20 Ogwoluberyeberye 1975.<ref name=":33">[https://web.archive.org/web/20200324121031/https://books.google.com/books?id=ILIDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA16 "Uganda's Fourth Year Under Idi Amin Filled With Fear".] ''Jet Magazinge''. 13 February 1975. Archived from [https://books.google.com/books?id=ILIDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA16 the original] on 24 March 2020. Retrieved 3 December 2018.</ref> Wakhweya yavumirira [[Idi Amin]] era n’alaga nti akavuyo akaali mu gavumenti ya [[Idi Amin]] nti kaakosa nnyo eby’enfuna <ref name=":33" /> n’obutaba na busobozi bwonna kusikira bwa minisita w’ebyensimbi mu Gavumenti ya [[Idi Amin]] ey'omuntu omu.<ref name=":43">{{Cite journal |last=African Policy Information Center of the African-American Institute |date=1975 |title=African Update: Monitoring economic and political developments around the Continent |journal=Africa Report |volume=20 |page=19 |id={{ProQuest|1304052113}}}}<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> Baamufuna ng'agamba nti "Kiba ggeyeena okubeera mu Uganda. Siyinza kulowooza ngeri bantu ba bulijjo gye bakyasobola okugenda mu maaso olw'ebbula ly'ebintu ebyangu ebikulu mu bulamu n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya. Uganda eyolekedde akatyabaga k'ebyenfuna. Oba amaanyi g'ebyenfuna mu nsi ezaamanyi gajja kuwaliriza Amin okukyusa enkola ze oba wajja kubaawo obwegugungo mu ggwanga olw'obutali bumativu bw'abantu."<ref name=":73">[https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/readex/doc?p=HN-SARDM&sort=_rank_%3AD&fld-base-0=alltext&val-base-0=emmanuel%20wakhweya&val-database-0=&fld-database-0=database&docref=image/v2%3A135DEF57238F5FC5%40EANX-15C0E6E318343E48%402442434-15BF50D593E9ABE8%402-15BF50D593E9ABE8%40&firsthit=yes "Economy of Uganda 'is near collapse'"]. ''Rand Daily Mail''. 21 January 1975. Retrieved 23 October 2018.</ref> Oluvannyuma Wakhweya yasindika obubaka eri Idi Amin ku nkomerero ya wiiki ng’alangirira mu butongole okulekulira n’okuwang’anguka okuva mu Uganda.<ref name=":73" /> Mu kiseera we yaviira mu ntebe, Wakhweya ye yali minisita wa kabineti asinga okumala ebbanga mu gavumenti ya Idi Amin era ye yasembayo okusigalawo mu kabineti ya Amin eyasooka.<ref name=":43" /> Olwava mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]] ne gavumenti ya [[Idi Amin]], Wakhweya n'ebyo bye yayogera ku butabeera butebenkevu mu by'enfuna bya [[Eggye lya Uganda People's Defense Force|Uganda]], Gavumenti ya Uganda yabyegaana. Radio Uganda yagenda ku mpewo ng'elangirira okuwanganguka kwa Wakhweya ng'etegeeza nti, "Eby'enfuna bya Uganda birungi nnyo okusinga eby'amawanga amalala mangi. Okugenda kw'e London tekugenda kumuyamba n'akatono kubanga e Bungereza nayo waliyo akatyabaga ke by'enfuna". Nga 23 Ogwoluberyeberye 1975, nga wayise ennaku ssatu bukya Wakhweya addukira e London, Idi Amin yagamba nti agenda kukyala mu Bungereza okuyamba abantu b’e Wales, Scotland, ne Northern Ireland okufuna obwetwaze, wadde ng'okufaananako n’okutiisatiisa kwe okwetaba mu lukiiko lw’abakulira Gavumenti ya Commonwealth mu 1973 e Ottawa, Canada oba okwetaba mu Mbaga y’Omumbejja Anne ne Mark Phillips, okutiisatiisa kuno temwavaamu kalungi.<ref>[https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/readex/doc?p=HN-SARDM&sort=_rank_%3AD&fld-base-0=alltext&val-base-0=emmanuel%20wakhweya&val-database-0=&fld-database-0=database&docref=image/v2%3A135DEF57238F5FC5%40EANX-15C0E70A14943040%402442437-15BF50D5F2089418%403-15BF50D5F2089418%40&firsthit=yes "I'm on the way to the UK, Amin tells the Queen"]. ''Rand Daily Mail''. 24 January 1975. Retrieved 24 October 2018.</ref> Wakhweya yasikizibwa [[Moses Ali]] ku bwaminisita bw'ebyensimbi. Okusinziira ku Amnesty International, ab’enganda za Wakhweya abaai bakyali mu Uganda baasibibwa, batulugunyizibwa, era ne battibwa oluvannyuma lw’okudduka n’okuva muggwanga, mu ngeri efaananako n’okutulugunya n’okuttibwa kw’abooluganda lwa [[Joshua Wanume Kibedi]] oluvannyuma lw’okuva mu ggwanga n’okuvumirira [[Idi Amin]] omwaka ogwali gwakaggwa.<ref name=":122">{{Cite journal |last=Amnesty International Report |date=26 September 1979 |title=The Death Penalty |url=https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/204000/act500031979eng.pdf |journal=Amnesty International Report}}</ref> === Emirimu gye oluvannyuma lw'okuwanganguka === Oluvannyuma lw’okuwangangukira e London, Wakhweya yasenguka n’agenda e Washington DC, gye yatandikira obulamu mu buwanganguse mu Amerika.<ref name=":110">{{Cite journal |date=1981 |title=Africa Who's Who |journal=Africa Who's Who |language=en |issn=0261-1570 |oclc=231044235}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="">"Africa Who's Who". ''Africa Who's Who''. 1981. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-1570 0261-1570]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/231044235 231044235].</cite></ref> Emirimu gye mu Amerika yagitandikira mu Bbanka y’Ensi Yonna era ng’abeera mu kibuga Vienna ekya Virginia. Yaweereza ng'omukugu mu by’enfuna mu Bbanka y’ensi yonna okuva mu 1975 okutuuka mu 1977 era nga y'akulira eby’okuwola ensimbi mu [[Sudaani|Sudan]] okuva mu 1977 okutuuka mu 1978.<ref name=":110" /> Oluvannyuma lw’okukola emirimu gye mu Bbanka y’ensi yonna, Wakhweya yalondebwa okubeera omukungu omukulu mu by’enfuna mu kakiiko k’amawanga amagatte akavunaanyizibwa ku by’enfuna mu Afrika mu 1975 n’agenda e Addis Ababa, [[Ethiopia]], nga tannatuuka nokudda mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]] mu 1979, gye yakolera mu mirimu gya gavumenti egy’enjawulo okutuusa lwe yawummula emirimu gya gavumenti.<ref name=":52">{{Cite book |last=Walker |first=Patrick |date=2009 |title=Towards Independence in Africa: a District Officer in Uganda at the End of Empire. |url=http://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=677132 |publisher=I. B. Tauris & Co. |isbn=978-0-85771-744-3 |location=London |language=en}}</ref> == Obulamu bw’omuntu ku bubwe == Wakhweya yawasa Christine Namataka nga 11 Ogwokusatu 1961. Baazaala omwana omu omuwala Dr. Angela Maria Wakhweya n’abaana mukaaga ab’obulenzi okuli Anthony, Richard, Stephen, Andrew, David ne Emmanuel Junior.<ref name=":110">{{Cite journal |date=1981 |title=Africa Who's Who |journal=Africa Who's Who |language=en |issn=0261-1570 |oclc=231044235}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="">"Africa Who's Who". ''Africa Who's Who''. 1981. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-1570 0261-1570]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/231044235 231044235].</cite></ref> Wakhweya yali Mukatoliki obulamu bwe bwonna ne mukyala we. Wakhweya era yali muzannyi wa mizannyo omunyiikivu, ng’azannya [[Omupiira ogw'ebigere|omupiira]] ne ttena mu bulamu bwe obwoluvannyuma.<ref name=":24">{{Cite book |last=Dickie |first=John |year=1973 |title=Who's who in Africa; the political, military and business leaders of Africa |url=https://archive.org/details/whoswhoinafrica0000john |last2=Rake |first2=Alan |author-link2=Alan Rake |publisher=African Development |isbn=978-0-9502755-0-5 |location=London |oclc=815829}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDickieRake1973">Dickie, John; [[Alan Rake|Rake, Alan]] (1973). ''Who's who in Africa; the political, military and business leaders of Africa''. London: African Development. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-9502755-0-5|<bdi>978-0-9502755-0-5</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/815829 815829].</cite></ref> == Okufa == Wakhweya yafiira ku myaka 64 nga 11 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2001. Yafuna ekirwadde kya ssukaali ekimunafuya ekyamuletera okusannyalala era nga tasobola kwogera ku ntandikwa ya 2001. Okukkakkana ng’omutima gusirise, mu [[International Hospital Kampala|ddwaaliro lya International Hospital Kampala]] mu [[Kampala]], Uganda. Wakhweya yaziikibwa mu Bunyinza Parish ku kyalo kye Butiru [[Mbale (disitulikit)|mu Disitulikiti y’e Mbale]], Uganda. == Laba ne == * [[Robert Wakheya|Robert Bwayo Wakhweya]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] l4vn9f7h8o7jaf3bdqy4hwsdu91b6jl 14 15375 66876 2026-08-05T21:17:46Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 66876 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be bannabyabufuzi ba National Resistance Movement. szfb2so8n51u3migohycxpz7k1dv2kz 14 15376 66877 2026-08-05T21:18:31Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 66877 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be ba mmemba palamenti ya Uganda Ey'ekkumi. r7xds18nwpo787kuzps6wyb026nahcg 14 15377 66878 2026-08-05T21:19:20Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 66878 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be ba mmemba ba palamenti ya Uganda abakyala. g523ymnunb3wew0v0zon7edcpv0mmqg 14 15378 66879 2026-08-05T21:20:09Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 66879 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be bantu 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15384 66890 2026-08-05T21:37:29Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 66890 wikitext text/x-wiki Bnao be Bannayuganda Abakazi bannabyabufuzi ab'ekyasa kyabirimwekimu. 1n8idasfil2nmos674v3qpapmxchyb6 14 15385 66898 2026-08-05T21:59:52Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 66898 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be Bannayuganda abakazi abawandiisi eb'ekyasa kyabirimwekimu. oyqeh9x4blqqt94vlrfeyfaupp2fu3x 14 15386 66899 2026-08-05T22:00:38Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 66899 wikitext text/x-wiki bano be Bannayuganda abalwanirizi b'eddembe ly'abakyala. oo464n2w74wbavxaodvwchd309dp0ar 14 15387 66913 2026-08-06T06:26:50Z ESTHER NAKITENDE 9175 Created page with "kino kitundu mu Uganda" 66913 wikitext text/x-wiki kino kitundu mu Uganda mmberipn2e74ipi3hedzt8q1hhvqbo0 14 15388 66914 2026-08-06T06:27:36Z ESTHER NAKITENDE 9175 Created page with "eno disitulikiti mu Uganda" 66914 wikitext text/x-wiki eno disitulikiti mu Uganda 6kkbshliztnpmz55bdobiinbninn2u3 14 15389 66915 2026-08-06T06:28:18Z ESTHER NAKITENDE 9175 Created page with "Eno disitulikiti mu Uganda" 66915 wikitext text/x-wiki Eno disitulikiti mu Uganda k64bhkxyk0s2nbt7qwm3t6sfvkwowsb 14 15390 66916 2026-08-06T06:28:43Z ESTHER NAKITENDE 9175 Created page with "eno" 66916 wikitext text/x-wiki eno 9ww8qwsnsow693tpvxnngluygs0qzzu 0 15391 66917 2026-08-06T06:29:24Z ESTHER NAKITENDE 9175 Created page with "Abantu ababundabunda munda mu gwanga" 66917 wikitext text/x-wiki Abantu ababundabunda munda mu gwanga cn3xjpydwan71fv0ypfx5em6u6wuv23 0 15392 66918 2026-08-06T06:30:02Z ESTHER NAKITENDE 9175 Created page with "Eno disitulikiti mu Uganda" 66918 wikitext text/x-wiki Eno disitulikiti mu Uganda k64bhkxyk0s2nbt7qwm3t6sfvkwowsb 0 15393 66919 2026-08-06T06:30:45Z ESTHER NAKITENDE 9175 Created page with "mukutu gwamawulire" 66919 wikitext text/x-wiki mukutu gwamawulire t0i9f2451pi1kiku7q4wku7q90d91kx 0 15394 66920 2026-08-06T06:31:26Z ESTHER NAKITENDE 9175 Created page with "kitundu mu Uganda" 66920 wikitext text/x-wiki kitundu mu Uganda 6rr0rfs8whiwwkbzb12goznrtwqmo1f 0 15395 66921 2026-08-06T06:31:57Z ESTHER NAKITENDE 9175 Created page with "kitundu mu Uganda" 66921 wikitext text/x-wiki kitundu mu Uganda 6rr0rfs8whiwwkbzb12goznrtwqmo1f 0 15396 66922 2026-08-06T06:32:16Z ESTHER NAKITENDE 9175 Created page with "kitundu" 66922 wikitext text/x-wiki kitundu pz9afsr1r11skx2km2nbu3rxjfmebjd 0 15397 66923 2026-08-06T06:32:45Z ESTHER NAKITENDE 9175 Created page with "kibuga ekikulu" 66923 wikitext text/x-wiki kibuga ekikulu 9gw3l1opy113mafekyqkgb3r78xjpn1 0 15398 66924 2026-08-06T06:33:11Z ESTHER NAKITENDE 9175 Created page with "Disitulikiti mu Uganda" 66924 wikitext text/x-wiki Disitulikiti mu Uganda tqnwezla5imu0npixtjaiswjskrlvu2 0 15399 66925 2026-08-06T06:33:37Z ESTHER NAKITENDE 9175 Created page with "saawa" 66925 wikitext text/x-wiki saawa 9vg4wc2dhfqrgwy8931hihffi6zmgng 0 15400 66926 2026-08-06T06:34:15Z ESTHER NAKITENDE 9175 Created page with "budde mu buvanjuba bwa Afirika" 66926 wikitext text/x-wiki budde mu buvanjuba bwa Afirika d1j187u01k2nw1gqvaahnk8l6hijx6y 0 15401 66927 2026-08-06T06:34:46Z ESTHER NAKITENDE 9175 Created page with "Budde mu buvanjuba bwa Afirika" 66927 wikitext text/x-wiki Budde mu buvanjuba bwa Afirika o28zf2a9vshw0h6evbtq2losilj2hsc 14 15402 66930 2026-08-06T09:56:33Z Samson Ssemakadde 6903 Ngaseeko amatuluba 66930 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano beebaazalibwa mu 1998 3f8uvkqsfnvig2twd94rhdsrcr1e2bw 14 15403 66931 2026-08-06T09:57:03Z Samson Ssemakadde 6903 Ngaseeko amatuluba 66931 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano beebaafa mu 2026 1znm4rtm4t1qx546vy14y8gm0km4p8w 14 15404 66932 2026-08-06T09:57:35Z Samson Ssemakadde 6903 Ngaseeko amatuluba 66932 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano beebannabyamizannyo abannayuganda ab'ekyasa kya 21 aqfkh7hkqlfyfrpeh18ytv2zfmem99t 14 15405 66933 2026-08-06T09:58:05Z Samson Ssemakadde 6903 Ngaseeko amatuluba 66933 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano beebafudde oluvannyuma lw'okukubwa g9qa5cd6hvmm5nn6v4ymjck9guiwg3d 14 15406 66934 2026-08-06T09:58:42Z Samson Ssemakadde 6903 Ngaseeko amatuluba 66934 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano beebasajja abazibizi mu mupiira gwa Uganda nzq31tm55d196lr2zdloezxr3genm8j 14 15407 66935 2026-08-06T09:59:11Z Samson Ssemakadde 6903 Ngaseeko amatuluba 66935 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano beebantu abava e Tororo mfpfu3mrq7sxyqhcgvc0350lzm1d4f0 14 15408 66936 2026-08-06T09:59:39Z Samson Ssemakadde 6903 Ngaseeko amatuluba 66936 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano beebazannyi ba SC Villa 7kd3vpwxf4lni9ch0542ztx2oaa1h89 14 15409 66937 2026-08-06T10:00:07Z Samson Ssemakadde 6903 Ngaseeko amatuluba 66937 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano beebannayuganda abasambira mu liigi ya Uganda eyababinywera 04dliredq9qmv4uzoy7qjhnza57uxap 14 15410 66938 2026-08-06T10:00:43Z Samson Ssemakadde 6903 Ngaseeko amatuluba 66938 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano beebannayuganda bafudde olw'okutemulwa ea6i2dy4ct8zs09whypdgr3xwmyck9q 0 15411 66941 2026-08-06T10:04:30Z Samson Ssemakadde 6903 Samson Ssemakadde moved page [[Allan Okello, Muzannyi wa Mupiira]] to [[Allan Okello]]: Misspelled title 66941 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Allan Okello]] 15px6rmqq44s3d5m81xa1j3xdfo6s25