Wikipedia lgwiki https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olupapula_Olusooka MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.19 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Kenya 0 2997 74374 72972 2026-09-10T03:57:44Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 74374 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenya''', mu butongole Republic of Kenya,[b] nsi esangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. N’omuwendo gw’abantu abateeberezebwa okuba nga basukka mu bukadde 53.3 mu makkati ga 2025,<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-12-23 |title=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics - Kenya's Top Data Site |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/ |access-date=2025-01-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kenya ekwata kifo kya 27 mu mawanga agasinga abantu abangi mu nsi yonna ate mu Afirika ekwata kya musanvu. Ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu Kenya ye Nairobi. Ekibuga eky’okubiri mu bunene era ekisinga obukadde mu Kenya ye Mombasa, ekibuga ky’omwalo ekisangibwa ku kizinga kya Mombasa. Ebibuga ebirala ebikulu mu Kenya mulimu Kisumu, Nakuru ne Eldoret. Ng'odda ku kkono, Kenya eriraanye South Sudan mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Ethiopia mu Bukiikakkono, Somalia mu Buvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, Tanzania mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba, n'Ennyanja Nnalubaale eya Uganda mu Bugwanjuba. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omu nsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Mu bitundu ebirala mulimu ebyafaayo by'ekyeya, ekyeya, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion, ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omunsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya mwalimu abamu ku bantu abaasooka okuva mu bajjajja baabwe ab'ekika kya Homo. Obujulizi bungi obw'ebisigalira by'ebintu ebyo ebikwata ku byafaayo by'obulamu bw'abantu buzuuliddwa mu Koobi Fora. Oluvannyuma, Kenya yabeeramu abayizzi era nga bano be baasooka okubeera mu Kenya ng'abantu ba Hadza mu kaseera kano.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=African Hunter-Gatherers: Survival, History and Politics of Identity |url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104052710/https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2018 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The East African Bushmen |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200619/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891_The_Myth_of_the_East_African_%27Bushmen%27 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza kw'ebyafaayo ebikwata ku bintu ebyakozesebwanga n'ebisigalira by'amagumba, aboogezi b'Olucusha be baasooka okubeera mu kitundu kino eky'ettale wakati w'omwaka gwa 3,200 ne 1,300 BC, ekiseera ekimanyiddwa nga Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic (abazadde b'aboogezi b'Olunilotic mu Kenya) baatandika okuva mu South Sudan ey'omu kiseera kino okudda mu Kenya awo nga mu mwaka gwa 500 BC.<ref name="EhretCHS">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera ennimi ez’ekibantu baasenga ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ne mu bitundu by’omunda wakati w’omwaka 250 BC ne 500 AD.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wonders Of The African World |url=http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019091759/http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=18 October 2021 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Okukwatagana kw’Abazungu kwatandika mu 1500 AD n’Obwakabaka bwa Portugal, era okufuga Kenya okw’omulembe kwatandika mu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okulambula kw’Abazungu mu Afirika. Kenya ey’omulembe yava mu bukulembeze bwa matwaale, obwatandikibwawo Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza mu 1895, era Kenya ey'etwaale yatandiika mu 1920. Mombasa kye kyali ekibuga eky'etwaale ly'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Mombasa {{!}} History, Map, Location, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mombasa |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> nga mulimu ebisinga obungi ku ebyo ebiri mu Kenya leero ne mu BukiikaddyobwObugwanjuba bwa Somalia, okuva mu 1889 okutuuka mu 1907. Obutakkaanya wakati wa Bungereza n'ekitundu ekyo kyaviirako okutandikawo ekibiina kya Mau Mau, ekyatandika mu 1952, era n'okulangirira obwetwaze bwa Kenya mu 1963. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yasigala nga memba mu Commonwealth of Nations. Kenya ggwanga elikulemberwa Pulezidenti ng'ono alondebwa bulondebwa saako n'ababaka abalondebwa okukiikirira abantu era pulezidenti y'akulira gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2007 |title=Victorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Table of ContentsVictorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Glossary |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213045132/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |archive-date=13 December 2007 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba mu bitongole eby'enjawulo ebiwerako nga eky'amawanga amagatte ekya United Nations, Commonwealth, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, COMESA, International Criminal Court, awamu ne bitongole ebirala bingi eby’ensi yonna. Era lye limu ku mawanga agasinga obunene mu East ne Central Africa, nga Nairobi ekola ng’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obusuubuzi mu kitundu.<ref name="largest-economy">{{cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2045350/africa-richest-country-kenya-overtake-ethiopia|title=One of Africa's 'richest' countries set to be overtaken by neighbour - £12bn more|work=Express|date=27 April 2025|accessdate=29 April 2025|author=Robinson, Rebecca}}</ref> Nga buli muntu alina ebyenfuna bya ddoola 2,110,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) – Kenya |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KE&year_high_desc=true |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank |archive-date=18 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250918234851/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KE&year_high_desc=true |url-status=dead }}</ref> eggwanga liri mu byenfuna bya wansi. Obulimi n'obulunzi bye bisinga okuwagira eby'enfuna by'eggwanga; eby'okunywa nga kyayi ne kaawa bye birime eby'ennono eby'okutunda, so ng'ate ebimuli byo byeisinga okukula naddala mu kubitunda ebweru w'eggwanga. Ekitongole ky'obuweereza, naddala eby'obulambuzi, nakyo kimu ku bintu ebisinga okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna by'eggwanga. Kenya mmemba mu East African Community trade bloc,<ref>{{cite web |title=East African Community |url=https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224100426/https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eala.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=East African Federation |url=https://www.eac.int/political-federation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215003829/https://www.eac.int/political-federation |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eac.int}}</ref> wadde ng'ebitongole ebimu eby'ensi yonna ebikola ku by'obusuubuzi bigitwala ng'emu ku nsi eziri mu Greater Horn of Africa.<ref>Maxwell, Daniel, and Ben Watkins. "Humanitarian information systems and emergencies in the Greater Horn of Africa: logical components and logical linkages." Disasters 27.1 (2003): 72–90.</ref> Afirika ye katale akaasinga obunene mu Kenya, nga kakulembeddwamu Omukago gwa Bulaaya.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mwangi S. Kimenyi |last2=Francis M. Mwega |last3=Njuguna S. Ndung'u |date=May 2016 |title=The African Lions: Kenya country case study |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527210738/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016 |publisher=The Brookings Institution}}</ref> == Ennyanjula == Republic of Kenya erinnya lyayo liva ku lusozi Kenya. Erinnya eryasooka okuwandiikibwa mu kyasa kya 19 lyali "Kĩ-Nyaa" oba "Kĩlĩma- Kĩinyaa", ob'olyawo kubanga enkula y'olwazi oluddugavu n'omuzira ku ntikko zaalwo zaamujjukiza ebyoya bya maaya ensajja.<ref name="sullivan">{{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Paul |year=2006 |title=Kikuyu Districts |publisher=Mkuki na Nyota Publishers |location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania}}</ref> Mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu olw'edda, ekigambo 'nyaga' oba nga bwe kitera okukozesebwa 'manyaganyaga' kikozesebwa okunnyonnyola ekintu ekyaka ennyo. Abagikuyu, ababeera mu bisulo bya Mt. Kenya, bakiyita Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga (mu bujjuvu 'olusozi olwaka ennyo') mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu, so ng'ate Abembu bakiyita "Ki-nyaga" oba Kirima Kinyaga. Amannya gano gonna gasatu galina amakulu ge gamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526191351/http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |archive-date=26 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> Ludwig Krapf yawandiika erinnya nga Kenia ne Kegnia.<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |year=1860 |title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours in Eastern Africa |publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd |location=London}}</ref><ref name="krapf_452">{{cite journal |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |date=13 May 1850 |title=Extract from Krapf's diary |journal=Church Missionary Intelligencer |volume=i |page=452}}</ref><ref name="foottit">{{Cite book |last=Foottit |first=Claire |year=2006 |title=Kenya |url=https://archive.org/details/kenya0000foot |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=978-1-84162-066-4 |series=The Brade Travel Guide |orig-year=2004}}</ref> Abamu bagambye nti kino kyali kiwandiiko ekituufu eky’eddoboozi lya Afirika /ˈkɛnjə/.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ratcliffe, B. J. |date=January 1943 |title=The Spelling of Kenya |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=42 |issue=166 |pages=42–44 |jstor=717465}}</ref> Mmaapu eyakubibwa mu 1882 nga yakubibwa Joseph Thompsons, munnassaayansi Omusikooti era omunoonyereza ku butonde, yalaga Mt. Kenya nga Mt. Kenia. Erinnya ly'olusozi ly'akkirizibwa, pars pro toto, ng'erinnya ly'eggwanga. Teryakozesebwa nnyo mu biseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, eggwanga bwe lyali liyitibwa East African Protectorate. Erinnya ly'eggwanga lyakyusibwa ne lifuuka Ettwaale lya Kenya mu 1920. == Ebyafaayo == '''Ebyafaayo aby'edda''' Ebika bya Hominid, gamba nga Homo habilis (fl. 1.8 okutuuka ku myaka obukadde 2.5 emabega) ne Homo erectus (fl. obukadde 1.9 okutuuka ku myaka 350,000 emabega), oboolyawo bajjajja ba Homo sapiens ow'omulembe guno, baali babeera mu Kenya mu kiseera kya Pleistocene.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite book |last=Glynn Llywelyn Isaac |first=Barbara Isaac |year=1977 |title=Olorgesailie: archeological studies of a Middle Pleistocene lake basin in Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-38483-2 |page=xiii |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415094804/https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> East Africa, omuli ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebisinga okuba eby'edda gye balowooza nti abantu ab'omulembe guno (Homo sapiens) baabeeranga. Mu 1984, mu kiseera ky'okuziikuula eby'edda ku Nnyanja Turkana, munnabyafaayo Richard Leakey, ng'ayambibwako Kamoya Kimeu, yazuula Omulenzi w'e Turkana, ekiwuduwudu kya Homo erectus eky'emyaka obukadde 1.6. East Africa, nga mw'otwalidde ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebyasooka abantu ab'omulembe (Homo sapiens) gye bateebereza okuba nga baabeerangamu. Obujulizi obulala obukwata ku byafaayo bya Kenya eby'edda byazuulibwa mu 2018, nga muno mwe muli okweyoleka kw'ebikolwa eby'omulembe, omuli okusuubulagana okw'ewala (okwali kuzingiramu ebyamaguzi nga obsidian), okukozesa langi ez'enjawulo, era oboolyawo n'okukola obusaale obukubibwa, emyaka nga 320,000 egiyise. Abawandiisi b'okunoonyereza kwa mirundi esatu okwakolebwa mu 2018 ku kifo kino bagamba nti ebikolwa eby’ekikugu era eby’omulembe byali byatandika dda mu Afirika awo nga mu kiseera eky’okweyoleka kwa Homo sapiens.<ref name="NPR-593591796">{{Cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Rhitu|author-link=Rhitu Chatterjee|date=15 March 2018|title=Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up In Kenya|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315193655/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Atlantic-555674">{{Cite news|last=Yong|first=Ed|author-link=Ed Yong|date=15 March 2018|title=A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity – New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species.|work=[[The Atlantic]]|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117002023/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|archive-date=17 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Brooks">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino AL, Leslie DE, Ambrose SH, Ferguson JR, d'Errico F, Zipkin AM, Whittaker S, Post J, Veatch EG, Foecke K, Clark JB |year=2018 |title=Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6384 |pages=90–94 |bibcode=2018Sci...360...90B |doi=10.1126/science.aao2646 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=29545508 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya eya leero baali bajjajja abayizzi era abakunguzi, abafaanana n’aboogera Olukhoisan olw’omulembe guno. Oluvannyuma beegattibwako abayizzi era abakunguzi ab’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotic, gamba nga Abaogiek, abaateekawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi era ey’obuwangwa mu bibira by’omu nsozi ebbanga ddene nga abantu abalala abasenguka tebannatuuka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Survival |title=Ogiek |url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/peoples/ogiek |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.survivalinternational.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="EhretC18">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abantu bano oluvannyuma baasikizibwa abalimi era abalunzi abava mu Cushitic (abazadde b'abo aboogera Olucushitic mu Kenya), abaava mu Kkono lya Afirika.<ref name="EhretHRSC">Ehret, C. (1980) ''The historical reconstruction of Southern Cushitic phonology and vocabulary'', Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 5, Bd., Reimer, Berlin.</ref> Mu kiseera ekya mu Holocene, embeera y'obudde mu kitundu kino yakyuka okuva mu mbeera ey'ekyeya okudda mu mbeera ey'obunnyogovu. Kino kyawa omukisa okukulaakulanya obuwangwa nga obulimi n'okulunda mu mbeera ennungi.<ref name="EhretC182">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic baatandika okusengukira mu Kenya okuva mu Nile Valley ne Ethiopian Highlands nga bukyali nga mu 2000 BC. Abaasooka okutuuka baali Southern Nilotes (abajjajja b’Abakalenjin), nga baddirirwa amayengo g’Abanilotic ab’Ebuvanjuba n’ab’Ebugwanjuba.<ref>{{Citation|last=Shinnie|first=P. L.|chapter=The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia, c. 660 bc to c. ad 600|date=1979|title=The Cambridge History of Africa: Volume 2: From c.500 BC to AD 1050|volume=2|pages=210–271|editor-last=Fage|editor-first=J. D.|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-africa/nilotic-sudan-and-ethiopia-c-660-bc-to-c-ad-600/D5BD637ADF06F3E53E0C57C7FB526D2E|access-date=2026-02-05|series=The Cambridge History of Africa|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21592-3}}</ref><ref name="EhretCHS2">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseALR">Ambrose, S.H. (1982). "Archaeological and linguistic reconstructions of history in East Africa." In Ehert, C., and Posnansky, M. (eds.), ''The archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African history'', University of California Press, {{ISBN|0-520-04593-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseSG">Ambrose, S.H. (1986) ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' 7.2, 11.</ref> Leero, amawanga g'Abanilotic mu ggwanga mulimu Abakalenjin, Abasamburu, Abaluo, Abaturkana, Abamasaai n'abalala.<ref name="ILO">{{cite book |date=2000 |title=Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples: Emerging trends |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=_84Gg-o5BhYC|page=55}} |publisher=International Labour Organization |isbn=9789221122586}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka AD, abalimi aboogera Olubantu baali basenguse ne bayingira mu kitundu ekyo, mu kusooka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya.<ref name="EhretACA">Ehret, C. (1998) ''An African Classical Age : Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400.'', University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, pp. xvii, 354, {{ISBN|0-8139-2057-4}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera Olubantu baali bavudde mu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa okwetooloola Omugga Benue mu kifo ekiri kati mu Buvanjuba bwa Nigeria ne mu Bugwanjuba bwa Cameroon.<ref name="WayneSmith">Smith, C. Wayne (1995) ''Crop Production: Evolution, History, and Technology'', John Wiley & Sons, p. 132, {{ISBN|0-471-07972-3}}.</ref> Okusenguka kw'Abantu kwaleeta enkulaakulana empya mu byobulimi n'okukola ebyuma mu kitundu ekyo.[1] Leero, ebibinja by'Abantu mu ggwanga mwe muli Kikuyu, Luhya, Kamba, Kisii, Meru, Kuria, Aembu, Ambeere, Wadawida-Watuweta, Wapokomo, ne Mijikenda, n'ebirala bingi. Ebifo ebikulu eby'edda ennyo mu Kenya mulimu ekifo (ekiyinza okuba nga kyekuusa ku bya ssaayansi ne kubala emmunyeenye) Namoratunga ku luuyi lw'eBugwanjuba olw'Ennyanja Turkana ne kibuga Thimlich Ohinga mu Kaunti ya Migori. '''Ekiseera ky'obusuubuzi bwa Swahili.''' Olubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya lwali amaka g'abantu abaweesa ebyuma n'abalimi Ababantu abalima emmere ey'okulya awaka, abayizzi, n'abavubi abawangiranga eby'enfuna by'ekitundu nga bayita mu bulimi, obuvubi, okuweesa ebyuma, n'okusuubulagana n'amawanga ag'ebweru. Ebitundu bino bye byakola ebibuga ebyasooka mu kitundu kino, ebyali bimanyiddwa nga Azania.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Abantu Abaswayiri baali ba mawanga ag’enjawulo mu Afirika ne Asia (naddala Persia) nga ebyava mu ndagabutonde bwe byalaga.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brielle |first1=E.S. |last2=Fleisher |first2=J. |last3=Wynne-Jones |first3=S. |display-authors=etal |year=2023 |title=Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of mediaeval peoples of the Swahili coast |journal=Nature |volume=615 |issue=7954 |pages=866–873 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..866B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w |pmc=10060156 |pmid=36991187 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka CE, ebisinga obungi ku bibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo, gamba nga [[Mombasa]], [[Malindi]], ne [[Zanzibar]], byatandika okussaawo enkolagana ey'obusuubuzi n'Abawalabu. Kino kyaviirako enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna mu mawanga ga Swahili, okuleetawo Obusiraamu, engeri Abawalabu gye baakosaamu olulimi lwa Swahili, okusaasaanya ebyobuwangwa, awamu n'ebibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo okufuuka abantu abali mu kibiina ekinene eky'obusuubuzi.<ref>{{cite web |title=History and Origin of Swahili – Jifunze Kiswahili |url=http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621021817/http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=swahilihub.com}}</ref><ref name="Nanjira">{{cite book |last=Nanjira |first=Daniel Don |date=2010 |title=African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313379826 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153548/https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bannabyafaayo bangi baali bamaze ebbanga nga bakkiriza nti ebibuga byali bitandikiddwawo abasuubuzi Abawalabu oba Abaperusi, naye obujulizi bw'ebyafaayo buviiriddeko abayivu okutegeera ebibuga ng'ekintu ekyava mu ggwanga eryo era wadde nga lyakosebwa nnyo abasuubuzi olw'okusuubulagana, lyasigala nga lirina ebyobuwangwa by'Ababantu.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Spear, Thomas |year=2000 |title=Early Swahili History Reconsidered |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=257–290 |doi=10.2307/220649 |jstor=220649}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebisinga obukadde ebyawandiikibwa mu biseera ebyo. Okugeza, waliwo ekiwandiiko ekya ddewo mu Msikiti wa Pwani mu Lamu nga kirina ebiseera bya 1370 oba 1371 AD (772 AH).<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bino eby'edda nga tebannaba kufugibwa Bazungu byawandiikibwa mu lulimi Oluwalabu naye nga birimu ebigambo by'Oluswayiri, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kiwandiiko eky'omu 1462 AD (866 AH) eky'okuziika Mwana wa Bwana binti Mwidani ku Kizinga ky'e Mombasa.<ref name=":5" /> Obwakabaka bwa Kilwa Sultanate bwali bwakabaka obwaliwo mu biseera eby'edda nga businga kubeera mu Kilwa, mu Tanzania ow'omulembe guno. Obuyinza bwabwo bwe bwali businga obunene, obuyinza bwabwo bwali busukka mu buwanvu bwonna obw'olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, omwo nga mwe muli ne Kenya.<ref>شاكر مصطفى, ''موسوعة دوال العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث'', (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p. 1360</ref> Okutandika mu kyasa eky'ekkumi, abafuzi b'omu Kilwa baali bagenda kuzimba emizikiti egy'ebbeeyi era batandikewo n'ensimbi ez'ekikomo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nicolini |first=Beatrice |date=1 January 2004 |title=Makran, Oman, and Zanzibar: Three-Terminal Cultural Corridor in the Western Indian Ocean, 1799–1856 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004137806 |page=62 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180826/https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Oluswayiri, olulimi olw'abantu abava mu lubu lw'aba Bantu abalina ebigambo by'Olwalabu, Oluperusi, n'ebigambo ebirala eby'omu Buwalabu ow'omu Masekkati ne South Asia, oluvannyuma olwakulaakulanyizibwa ng'olulimi olwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi wakati w'abantu ab'enjawulo.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Okuva ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, Oluswayiri era lwakulaakulanya ebigambo bingi n'ebigambo ebirala ebiva mu Lungereza, bingi ku byo nga byava mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale g'Abangereza.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gower |first=R.H. |date=April 1952 |title=Swahili Borrowings from English |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |url-status=live |journal=Africa |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=154–157 |doi=10.2307/1156242 |jstor=1156242 |s2cid=146513246 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813062137/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> '''Abapotigo abasookawo''' Abaswayiri baazimba Mombasa ne bagifuula ekibuga eky'omwalo ekikulu ne batandikawo enkolagana y'ebyobusuubuzi n'ebibuga ebirala ebiri okumpi, wamu n'ebifo by'ebyobusuubuzi mu Persia, Arabia, ne India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Alsayyad, Nezar |date=30 March 2001 |title=Hybrid Urbanism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-96612-6 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180717/https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'etaano, omuvuzi w'eryato Omupotugo Duarte Barbosa yawandiika nti "Mombasa kifo kya bizinensi nnyingi era kirina omwalo omulungi ogubeeramu amaato amatono aga buli ngeri era n'amaato amanene, byombi ebiva e Sofala n'ebirala ebiva e Cambay ne Melinde n'ebirala ebisala okugenda ku kizinga Zanzibar." <ref>{{cite book |last=Ali, Shanti Sadiq |year=1996 |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=3CPc22nMqIC|page=24}} |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ekibuga ekikulu ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya ye Malindi. Kibadde kifo kikulu eky'Abaswayiri okuva mu kyasa 14, era ekibuga kino lumu kyavuganya ne Mombasa mu kufuga ekitundu kya African Great Lakes. Malindi okuviira ddala mu byafaayo ebadde ekibuga ekirimu omukwano eri amawanga ag'ebweru. Mu 1414, omusuubuzi era omunoonyereza Omuchina Zheng He, ng'akiikirira Obwakabaka bwa Ming, yalambula olubalama lw'ennyanja y'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika ku emu ku ŋŋendo ze ez'okunoonya eby'obugagga.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 January 2001 |title=PBS website |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/ancient-chinese-explorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008050639/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/ancient-chinese-explorers.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |publisher=[[PBS]]}}</ref> Malindi era y'ayaniriza omunoonyerezi Omupotugo Vasco da Gama mu 1498. Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omusanvu, olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili lwa wambibwa Abawalabu aba Omani, abaagaziya okusuubula abaddu okusobola okutuukiriza eby'etaago by'ennimiro mu Oman ne Zanzibar.<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies Slavery (sociology)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602182633/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|date=2 June 2015}}". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online.</ref> Mu kusooka, abasuubuzi bano baali basinga kuva Oman, naye oluvannyuma bangi baava Zanzibar (gamba nga Tippu Tip).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html Swahili Coast] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html|date=19 January 2018}}. ''National Geographic''.</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, Abapotigo baatandika okugula abaddu okuva mu basuubuzi Abawalabu aba Omani ne Zanzibar mu kwanukula okutaataaganyizibwa okwaleetebwa Abangereza abaali bawakanya okusuubula abaddu. '''Ekyaasa ekya 18 ne 19''' Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omunaana n'eky'ekkumin'omwenda, abantu Abamasai baasengukira mu bitundu bya Kenya eby'omu Masekkati n'eby'omu Bukiikaddyo bw'ekiwonvu, nga bava mu kitundu ekiri mu Bukiikakkono bw'Ennyanja Rudolf (kati Ennyanja Turkana). Wadde nga baali batono, baasobola okuwamba ettaka ddene mu bitundu ebyo, abantu gye batalwaana nnyo oba okuwalira. Abantu b'omu Nandi baasobola okuziyiza Abamasai, so ng'ate abantu b'omu Taveta baddukira mu bibira ebiri ku luuyi lw'eBuvanjuba olw'Olusozi Kilimanjaro, wadde nga oluvannyuma baawalirizibwa okuva ku ttaka olw'okutiisibwatiisibwa okuleetebwa obulwadde bwa kawumpuli. Okubalukawo kw'ekimu ku bino; eddwadde z'ebisolo (rinderpest) oba endwadde z'amawuggwe (pleuropneumonia) kwakosa nnyo ente z'Abamasai, so ng'ate ekirwadde kya kawumpuli kyakosa nnyo Abamasai b'ennyini. Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Masai Mbatian, omukulu laibon (omusawo w'ekinnansi), Abamasai baayawukana ne batandiika okulwanagana. Abamasai baaleetawo obukuubagano bungi mu bitundu bye baawambanga; wadde kyali kityo, waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.[1] Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ndeda |first=Mildred |year=2019 |title=Population movement, settlement and the construction of society to the east of Lake Victoria in precolonial times: the western Kenyan case |url=https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |url-status=live |journal=The East African Review |issue=52 |pages=83–108 |doi=10.4000/eastafrica.473 |s2cid=198396394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063130/https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja bino ebyaali byeyawudde nga basuubuligana naddala amasanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Beachey |first=R.W. |date=1967 |title=The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-african-history_1967_8_2/page/269 |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=269–290 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007052 |s2cid=162882930}}</ref> Abagwira abaasooka okuyita ku Masai be Johann Ludwig Krapf ne Johannes Rebmann, abaminsani Abagirimaani babiri abaateekawo omulimu mu Rabai, si kya wala nnyo okuva e Mombasa. Ababiri bano be abasooka okulaba Olusozi Kenya.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Johannes Rebmann|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063129/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Etwaale lya Bugirimaani (1885-1890)''' Obwakabaka bwa Bugirimaani bwassaawo obukuumi ku by'obugagga Sultan wa Zanzibar bye yali alina ku mwalo mu 1885, nga kino ky'agobererwa okutuuka kw'ekitongole Imperial British East Africa Company mu 1888. Okuvuganya kw'amatwale kwaziyizibwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa eya Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty, kale Bugirimaani n'ewaayo ebifo byayo eby'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja eri Bungereza mu 1890. '''Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890-1906)''' Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890–1906), era lumanyiddwa nga Olutalo lwa Kalenjin, kwe kwali okulwana okwasinga okumala ebbanga eddene mu okuzimba obufuzi bw'amatwale mu East Africa. Okumala emyaka nga 20, abantu ba Nandi ne Kipsigis—nga bakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei baalwanirira ettaka lyabwe mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba ebirimu ensozi mu Kenya's Rift Valley. Nga bakozesa olutalo olw'ekiyekera n'okusaanyaawo okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Uganda, baasobola okulemesa obukulembeze bw'Abangereza okumala emyaka egisukka mu abiri.<ref>{{Cite news|last=TOO|first=-TITUS|title=Koitalel Samoei: Nandi legend who fought colonialists|url=http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107012352/http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-date=2016-11-07|access-date=2026-02-05|work=Standard Digital News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=A. T. Matson |date=1972 |title=Nandi resistance to british rule 1890-1906 |url=http://archive.org/details/nandiresistancet0000atma |publisher=East african publishing house |others=Internet Archive}}</ref> Newankubadde waaliwo "okulumba okw'okubonereza abagyeemu," Abangereza baali tebasobola kutuuka ku buwanguzi obwa bulijjo mu by'amagye ku balwanyi Abakalenjin. Olutalo lw'akomekkerezebwa oluvannyuma lw'okuyita mu bbago lya Treachery nga 19 Ogwomwenda, 1905, nga Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen yasendasenda Samoei okugenda mu lukiiko olwali lugendereddwamu okuleetawo emirembe naye n'amutta. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, omulambo gwa Samoei gwatemwako omutwe era omutwe gwe gwatwalibwa e London ng'ekijjukizo ky'amatwale, nga kino kyali kikomo ku bulumbaganyi bw'amaggye obw'obukambwe obwakolebwa Abakalenjin era ne kisobozesa Abangereza okuteekawo obukulembeze mu kitundu ekyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CardBiz.ca |url=https://cardbiz.ca/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=cardbiz.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koitalel Arap Samoei: The Story of the Greatest Nandi Orkoiyot |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/koitalel-arap-samoei-the-story-of-the-greatest-nandi-orkoiyot/cwVx0MJXzdrAKA |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> '''British Kenya (1888-1962)''' Okuskyusibwa okuva e Bugirimaani okudda e Bungereza kwaddirirwa okuzimba egaali y'omuka eya Uganda Railway ng'eyita mu ggwanga.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> Okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka kwawakanyizibwa ebika by'abantu ebimu—nga bwe kiri ku Nandi, eyakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei okuva mu 1890 okutuuka mu 1900—naye Abangereza oluvannyuma baaluzimba. Aba Nandi be baali ekika ky'abantu ekyasooka okuteekebwa mu kkuumiro ly'abantu ab'obuwangwa okubalemesa okutaataaganya okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kiseera ky'okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka, waaliwo okuleeta abakozi Abayindi, abaawa omulimu omunene ogw'abakozi abakugu abaali beetaagibwa mu kuzimba.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005">[[R. Mugo Gatheru]] (2005) ''Kenya: From Colonization to Independence, 1888–1970'', McFarland, {{ISBN|0-7864-2199-1}}</ref> Bano n'abasinga obungi ku bazzukulu baabwe oluvannyuma baasigala mu Kenya era ne bafuuka omutima gw'ebitundu by'Abayindi eby'enjawulo, gamba ng'ekitundu ky'Abayindi Abasiraamu Abaismaili n'Abasikh. Wadde nga baazimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka okuyita mu Tsavo, abasinga obungi ku bakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abayindi n'abakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abafirika baalumbibwa empologoma bbiri ezaali zimanyiddwa nga empologoma ezaali zimanyiddwa nga Tsavo maneaters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ismaili muslim |url=http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103151208/http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |archive-date=3 January 2009 |access-date=16 April 2010 |publisher=Magicalkenya.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera eky'okubalukawo kw'olutalo lwa Ssematalo eyasooka mu Gwomunaana 1914, ba gavana b'amatwale ga Bungereza mu East Africa (nga bwe kyali kimanyiddwa mu kiseera ekyo) ne German East Africa mu kusooka bakkiriziganya okussaawo emirembe nga bagezaako okukuuma amatwale amatono obutayingira mu lutalo. Naye Lieutenant Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, omuduumizi w'amagye ga Bugirimaani, yasalawo okusiba nga bwe kisoboka eby'obugagga bya Bungereza. Nga yeeyawudde ddala ku Bugirimaani, Lettow-Vorbeck yakola kakuyege ow’amaanyi mu lutalo lw’abayeekera, nga beeyimirizaawo ku ttaka, nga bakwata eby'okulwanyisa bya Bungereza, era nebasigala nga tebawangulwanga. Oluvannyuma yawangangusibwa mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono (leero Zambia) oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 14 oluvannyuma lw’endagaano ey’okukomya olutalo okuteekebwako omukono mu 1918.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Okugoba von Lettow, Abangereza baasindika amagye ga British Indian Army okuva e Buyindi naye nga beetaaga abasituzi b'ebintu abangi okusobola okuvvuunuka obuzibu obw'amaanyi obw'okutambuza ebintu okutuuka ewala mu bitundu by'omunda nga bakozesa bigere. Ekitongole kya Carrier Corps kyatondebwawo era oluvannyuma kyasobola okukunga abantu abasukka mu 400,000 okuva mu Afirika, ekyaviirako okwongera okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Mu 1920, East Africa Protectorate yafuulibwa ettwale era n'eddamu okuyitibwa Kenya oluvannyuma lw'olusozi lwaayo olusingayo obuwanvu.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kitundu ekisooka eky'ekyasa ekya 20, ekitundu eky'omunda mu nsozi eziri wakati, kyali kibeeramu abalimi Abangereza n'abalimi abalala okuva mu Bulaaya, abaafuuka abagagga nga balima emmwanyi n'amajaani.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090211070504/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901759-3,00.html "We Want Our Country"]. ''Time''. 5 November 1965</ref> Ekifaananyi ekimu eky'ekiseera kino eky'enkyukakyuka okuva ku ndowooza y'omufuzi w'amatwale kisangibwa mu kitabo ekiyitibwa Out of Africa ekyawandiikibwa omuwandiisi Omudanish Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, ekyakubibwa mu 1937. Omwaka gwa 1930 we gwatuukira, abantu abeeru nga 30,000 baali babeera mu kitundu ekyo era baafuna eddoboozi ery'ebyobufuzi olw'obuyambi bwe baawa mu by'enfuna.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Ebitundu by'ensozi byali bifuuse maka eri abantu abasoba mu kakadde ab’ekika kya Kikuyu, ng’abasinga ku bo tebaalina ttaka mu ngeri y’Abazungu era baabeeranga mu kulunda okw’okutambula. Okusobola okukuuma ebyetaago byabwe, abasenze baawera okulima emmwanyi era ne batandikawo omusolo gw’amayumba, era abatalina ttaka baaweebwa ettaka ttono ddala nga basasulwa olw'emirimu gyabwe gye baali babakolera. Abantu bangi nnyo baasengukira mu bibuga olw’okuba obusobozi bwabwe obw’okweyimirizaawo nga bakozesa ettaka bwakendeera.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Omwaka gwa 1950 we gwatuukira, waaliwo abasenze abazungu 80,000 abaali babeera mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Firestone |first=Matthew |date=15 September 2010 |title=Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |publisher=Lonely Planet Publications |isbn=9781742203553 |page=28 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180737/https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Okuyita mu Ssematalo II, Kenya yali nsibuko nkulu ey'abaserikale abatwalibwa okulwana mu lutalo n'ebyobulimi eri Bungereza. Kenya y'ennyini ye yali ekifo eky'okulwaniramu wakati w'amaanyi ag'omukago n'eggye lya Italy mu 1940–41, amagye ga Italy bwe gaalumba. Wajir ne Malindi nabyo byakubwa bbomu. '''Okubalukawo kwa Mau Mau''' Okuva mu Gwekkumi 1952 okutuuka mu Gwekkumineebiri 1959, Kenya yali mu mbeera ey’akatyabaga nga kino ky'avaamu olutalo lw'obuyeekera olwa Mau Mau okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’Abangereza. Aba Mau Mau, era abamanyiddwa nga Kenya Land and Freedom Army, baali basinga kubeera Bantu ab’omu Kikuyu, Embu ne Meru. Mu kiseera ky'okunyigirizibwa kw'obufuzi bw'amatwale, abalwanyi abasukka mu 11,000 baali battiddwa, awamu n'abajaasi 100 Abangereza n'abajaasi 2,000 Abakenya abeesigwa. Emisango gy'entalo gyakolebwa ku njuyi zombi ez'olutalo, omuli okutta abantu mu lujjudde okwali mu Lari ne mu Hola. Gavana yasaba era n'afuna amagye ga Bungereza n'aga Afirika, omwo nga mwe muli King's African Rifles. Abangereza baatandika ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera. Mu Gwokutaano 1953, Genero Sir George Erskine yatwala obuvunaanyizibwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'amatwale, ng'awagirwa Winston Churchill.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993">Maloba, Wunyabari O. (1993) ''Mau Mau and Kenya: An Analysis of Peasant Revolt'', Indiana University Press, 0852557450.</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Waruhiu Itote (nom de guerre "General China") nga 15 Ogusookam1954 n’okubuuzibwa okwaddirira kyaviirako okutegeera obulungi enkola y’obukulembeze bwa Mau Mau eri Abangereza. Ekikwekweto Anvil kyaggulwawo nga 24 Ogwokuna 1954, oluvannyuma lw’okuteekateeka okumala wiiki eziwerako amagye nga galina olukusa okuva mu kakiiko akakwasaganya entalo aka War Council. Ekikwekweto kino kyateeka Nairobi mu kuzingizibwa kw'amagye. Abantu ababeera mu Nairobi baakeberwa, era abateeberezebwa okuba abawagizi ba Mau Mau baasengukira mu nkambi z’abasibe. Abantu abasukka mu 80,000 Abakikuyu baateekebwa mu nkambi z’abasibe nga tebawozeseddwa, era nga batera okutulugunyizibwa mu ngeri ey’obukambwe.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 August 2016|title=Uncovering the brutal truth about the British empire|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|url-status=live|access-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152655/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|archive-date=1 June 2019}}</ref>A bakuumi be baakola omulimu omukulu mu nkola ya gavumenti kubanga baali bakolebwa mu Bafirika abeesigwa, so si mu maggye g’abagwira nga British Army ne King's African Rifles.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mau Mau|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063630/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|url-status=live}}</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Dedan Kimathi nga 21 Ogwekkumi 1956 mu Nyeri kyategeeza okuwangulwa kw’ekibiina ky'abayeekera elya Mau Mau era kino kyakomya obulumbaganyi obwakolebwa amagye.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993" /> Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu gavumenti ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zakyusibwa. Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka za gavumenti ez'amaanyi ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zaaliwo. Ekisinga obukulu mu zino kye kyali enteekateeka ya Swynnerton, eyakozesebwa okusiima abo abaali abeesigwa era n'okubonereza abo abaali benyigidde mu buyeekera bw'ekibinja kya Mau Mau. Kino kyaleka nga kimu kya kusatu ku bantu Abakikuyu nga tebalina nteekateeka yonna ey'okubeera ku ttaka era nga tebalina kintu kyonna mu kiseera ky'ameefuga.<ref>{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=David |year=2005 |title=Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |isbn=0-393-05986-3 |location=London |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180724/https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> '''Abasomaliya ab'omu Kenya baakuba akalulu, 1962.''' Kenya nga tennafuna bwetwaze bwayo, abantu ab'eggwanga lya Somali mu Kenya eriwo kati mu bitundu bya Northern Frontier Districts baasaba Gavumenti ya Her Majesty obutabateeka mu Kenya. Gavumenti y'amatwale yasalawo okukola akalulu ka Kenya akasooka mu 1962 okukebera obumalirivu bw'Abasomali mu Kenya okwegatta ku Somalia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Castagno |first=A.A. |year=1964 |title=The Somali-Kenyan Controversy: Implications for the Future |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-modern-african-studies_1964-06_2_2/page/165 |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=165–188 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00003980 |jstor=158817 |s2cid=154443409}}</ref> Ebyava mu kikungo byalaga nti Abasomali 86% mu Kenya baali baagala okwegatta ku Somalia, kyokka obufuzi bwa Bungereza obw'amatwale bwagaana ebyava mu kikungo era Abasomali ne basigala mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=NORTHERN FRONTIER DISTRICT OF KENYA (Hansard, 3 April 1963) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015183914/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |archive-date=15 October 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya, 1962: Enumeration Forms in English |url=https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204114833/https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2019 |access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref> '''Nga bakafuna obwetwaze''' Okulonda okwasooka okw'abannansi ba Kenya mu Lukiiko lw'eggwanga kwaliwo mu 1957. Newankubadde ng'Abangereza baali basuubira okuwa obuyinza eri abo abatali bannalukalala, era kyali kibiina kya Kenya African National Union (KANU) ekya Jomo Kenyatta ekyakola gavumenti eyakulembera mu kiseera ekyo, Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Obwakabaka bwa Kenya n'Obukuumi bwa Kenya byakoma nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, nga bafunye obwetwaze ku Kenya yonna. Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Ssaabasajja wa Zanzibar (Sultan) yakkiriza nti mu kiseera kye kimu n'ameefuga g'eggwanga yandirekedde awo okuba n'obuyinza ku Protectorate of Kenya, Kenya yonna efuuke eggwanga limu eririna obwetwaze.<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762">"Commonwealth and Colonial Law" by [[Kenneth Roberts-Wray]], London, Stevens, 1966. p. 762</ref><ref>HC Deb 22 November 1963 vol 684 cc1329-400 wherein the UK Under-Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations and for the Colonies stated: "An agreement was then signed on the 8th October 1963, providing that on the date when Kenya became independent the territories comprising the Kenya Coastal Strip would become part of Kenya proper."</ref> Mu ngeri eno, Kenya yafuuka eggwanga ery'etongodde wansi w'etteeka lya Kenya Independence Act 1963 erya Bungereza. Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Kenya yafuuka repubuliki wansi w'erinnya "Republic of Kenya".<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762" /> Mu kiseera kye kimu, amagye ga Kenya gaalwana olutalo lwa Shifta nga balwanyisa abayeekera Abasomali ab'ekika ekimu abaali babeera mu Northern Frontier District abaali baagala okwegatta ku b'eŋŋanda zaabwe mu Somali Republic mu Bukiikakkono.<ref>Bruce Baker, ''Escape from Domination in Africa: Political Disengagement & Its Consequences'', (Africa World Press: 2003), p.83</ref> Oluvannyuma emirembe gyatuukibwako oluvannyuma lw'okussa omukono ku kiwandiiko kya Arusha Memorandum mu Gwomwenda 1967, naye obutali butebenkevu bwaliwo okutuuka mu 1969.<ref name="Hogg1986">{{cite journal |last=Hogg |first=Richard |year=1986 |title=The New Pastoralism: Poverty and Dependency in Northern Kenya |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_africa-uk_1986_56_3/page/319 |journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=319–333 |doi=10.2307/1160687 |jstor=1160687 |s2cid=146312775}}</ref><ref name="Howell1968">{{cite journal |last=Howell |first=John |date=May 1968 |title=An Analysis of Kenyan Foreign Policy |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=29–48 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00016657 |jstor=158675 |s2cid=154605094}}</ref> Okusobola okukendeeza ku bulumbaganyi obulala, Kenya yassa omukono ku ndagaano y’ebyokwerinda ne Ethiopia mu 1969, era ekyo kikyaliwo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–6, Documents on Africa, 1973–1976 - Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162911/https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=history.state.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kabukuru |first=Wanjohi |date=2015-02-26 |title=The Kenya-Ethiopia Defence Pact: Is Somalia a pawn? |url=https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162913/https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=New African Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref> '''Pulezidenti eyasooka''' Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Republic of Kenya yalangirirwa, era Jomo Kenyatta yafuuka pulezidenti wa Kenya eyasooka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Permanent Mission of the Republic of Kenya to the United Nations |year=2002 |title=Kenya at the United Nations |url=http://kenyaun.org/polhistory.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090608141216/http://kenyaun.org/polhistory.html |archive-date=8 June 2009 |access-date=15 February 2010 |publisher=Consulate General of Kenya in New York}}</ref> Wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta, obulyi bw'enguzi bwasaasaana mu gavumenti yonna, abakozi ba gavumenti, n'abasuubuzi. Kenyatta n'ab'omu maka ge baakwatagana n'obulyi bw'enguzi buno nga beeyongera okugaggawala nga bagula ebintu bingi oluvannyuma lwa 1963. Okugula ebintu mu Central, Rift Valley, ne mu bibuga by'okumyalo kyaleetawo obusungu bungi mu Bannakenya abatalina ttaka. Famire ye yakozesa ekifo kye nga Pulezidenti okwewala ebizibu eby'amateeka oba eby'obukulembeze mu kufuna ebintu. Famire ya Kenyatta era yateeka ssente nnyingi mu bizineesi z'ebifo ebisanyukirwamu ebiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja, nga Kenyatta kennyini yalinawo wooteeri eyitibwa Leonard Beach Hotel.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Boone |first=Catherine |date=April 2012 |title=Land Conflict and Distributive Politics in Kenya |url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/2152/19778/2/Boone_AfricanStudiesReview.pdf |journal=African Studies Review |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=75–103 |doi=10.1353/arw.2012.0010 |hdl=2152/19778 |issn=0002-0206 |s2cid=154334560 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bya Kenyatta eby'enjawulo byalagibwa ku mukolo ogw'okujjukira emyaka kkumi bukya Kenya efuna obwetwaze. Ekitundu ekyawandiikibwa mu The New York Times mu Gwekkumineebiri 1973 kyasiima obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta ne Kenya olw'okufuuka ekyokulabirako mu kukola ebintu mu ngeri ey'amagezi era ey'obuwangwa. GDP ya Kenya yali eyongedde ku sipiidi ya buli mwaka eya 6.6%, nga eri waggulu ku sipiidi y'abantu okweyongera eya waggulu ku bitundu 3%.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mohr|first=Charles|title=Kenya, 10 Years Independent, Emerges as a Model of Stability|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|url-status=live|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=16 December 1973|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127081501/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|archive-date=27 November 2020}}</ref> Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ku kitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ekitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekivuganya kyatandikibwawo Oginga Odinga—Kenya People's Union (KPU)—yawerebwa mu 1969 oluvannyuma lw'ekittabantu ekyali e Kisumu era abakulembeze ba KPU baali bakyasibiddwa nga tebawozeseddwa mu ngeri ey'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu.<ref name="sproul">{{cite news|date=16 January 1974|title=Letters to the Editor|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/16/archives/letters-to-the-editor-birth-rates-and-energy-use-the-questionable.html|url-status=live|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130233151/https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/16/archives/letters-to-the-editor-birth-rates-and-energy-use-the-questionable.html|archive-date=30 November 2020}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |date=January 1974 |title=Amnesty International Annual Report 1973–1974. Available from |url=https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL100011974ENGLISH.PDF |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121125801/https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL100011974ENGLISH.PDF |archive-date=21 January 2021 |access-date=19 November 2020}}</ref> Ekibiina ekitaba abayizi ekya Kenya Students Union, Abajulirwa ba Yakuwa n'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebivuganya byawerebwa.<ref name=":0" /> Kenyatta yakulembera Kenya okutuusa lwe yafa mu Gwomunaana 1978.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ndegwa |first=Stephen N. |date=1999 |title=Multi-Party Politics in Kenya: the Kenyatta and Moi States and the Triumph of the System in the 1992 Election (review) |journal=Africa Today |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=146–148 |doi=10.1353/at.1999.0008 |issn=1527-1978 |s2cid=145810474}}</ref> '''Omulembe gwa Moi''' Oluvannyuma lwa Kenyatta okufa, Daniel arap Moi yafuuka pulezidenti. Yasigaza obwa pulezidenti, y'esimbawonga tavuganyiziddwa mu kulonda okwaliwo mu 1979, 1983 (okulonda okw'amangu), ne 1988, byonna ebyaliwo byali wansi wa Ssemateeka w'ekibiina ekimu. Okulonda kwa 1983 kwaliwo omwaka gumu nga bukyali, era kwava butereevu ku kulemererwa kw'ekyewuunyo ky'amagye nga 2 Ogwomunaana 1982. Okuwamba gavumenti okwa 1982 kwategekebwa omujaasi w'omu bbanga ow'eddaala erya wansi, Senior Private Hezekiah Ochuka, era okuwamba okwo okusinga kwakolebwa abajaasi ab'eddaala erya wansi mu ggye ery'omu bbanga. Kyazikirizibwa mangu amagye agaali gakulirwa Chief of General Staff Mahamoud Mohamed, omukungu w'amagye nazilwanako w'e Somali.<ref>{{Cite book |year=1992 |title=Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3MctAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA12 |publisher=Nyamora Communications Limited |page=12 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506160202/https://books.google.com/books?id=3MctAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA12 |archive-date=6 May 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mwalimu ekitongole kya General Service Unit (GSU)—ekitongole ky'amagye ekya poliisi—n'oluvannyuma police y'abulijjo. Oluvannyuma lw'ekittabantu eky'e Garissa mu 1980, amagye ga Kenya g'enyigira mu kittabantu eky'e Wagalla mu 1984 ku bikumi n'ebikumi by'abantu ba bulijjo mu Ssaza lye Wajir. Okunoonyereza okw'obutongole ku bikolobero bino oluvannyuma kwaweebwa ekiragiro mu 2011.<ref>{{Cite news|date=11 February 2011|title=Wagalla massacre: Raila Odinga orders Kenya probe|publisher=BBC|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12463001|url-status=live|access-date=14 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622041516/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12463001|archive-date=22 June 2014}}</ref> Okulonda okwaliwo mu 1988 kwaleeta enkola ya ''mlolongo'' (okusimba ennyiriri) eyali egamba nti abalonzi baalina okusimba ennyiriri emabega w’abo be baali baagala okusinga okulonda mu kyama.<ref>Harden, Blaine (25 February 1988) [https://web.archive.org/web/20110215084715/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1241691.html Many Voters Stay Home as Kenya Drops Secret Ballot in Parliamentary Election], ''[[The Washington Post]]''.</ref> Kino kyatwalibwa ng'entikko y'obufuzi obutali bwa dimokulasiya era kyaviirako okwekalakaasa okw'amaanyi olw'okukyusa mu ssemateeka. Ebikwatagana ebitali bimu, omuli n'ekyo ekyali kikkiriza ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka, byakyusibwa mu myaka egyaddirira.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Handbook on Religious Liberty Around the World |publisher=The Rutherford Institute |editor-last=Moreno, Pedro C. |location=Charlottesville, VA |chapter=Kenya |chapter-url=http://religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu/rihand/Kenya.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100629014936/http://religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu/rihand/Kenya.html |archive-date=29 June 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> '''Okukyusa okudda mu demokulasiya ow'ebibiina by'obufuzi ebingi.''' Mu 1991, Kenya yakyusa okudda ku nkola y’ebyobufuzi ey’ebibiina ebingi oluvannyuma lw’emyaka 26 egy’obukulembeze bw’ekibiina ekimu. Nga 28 Ogwekkumi 1992, Moi yasattulula Paalamenti, emyezi etaano nga kisanja kye tekinnagwaako. N’ekyavaamu, enteekateeka z’okulonda ebifo byonna mu Paalamenti awamu ne pulezidenti zaatandika. Okulonda kwali kutegekeddwa okubaawo nga 7 Ogwekkumineebiri 1992, naye okulwawo kwaleetera okwongezebwayo okutuuka nga 29 Ogwekkumineebiri. Ng’oggyeko KANU, ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza, ebibiina ebirala ebyali bikiikiriddwa mu kulonda mwalimu FORD Kenya ne FORD Asili. Okulonda kuno kwali kwetobeseemu enkola y'okutiisatiisa abo abaali babavuganya n'okutulugunya abakungu b'eby'okulonda. Kino kyaleetawo ekizibu ky'ebyenfuna ekyaleetebwa obutabanguko obw'omu mawanga nga pulezidenti avunaanibwa okubba ebyava mu kulonda asobole okusigaza obuyinza.<ref name="Keith">{{Cite book |last=Keith. |first=Kyle |date=1999 |title=Politics of the independence of Kenya |publisher=Macmillan |isbn=978-0333720080 |oclc=795968156}}</ref><ref name="Goldsworthy">{{Cite journal |last=Goldsworthy |first=David |date=March 1982 |title=Ethnicity and Leadership in Africa: the 'Untypical' Case of Tom Mboya |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-modern-african-studies_1982-03_20_1/page/107 |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=107–126 |doi=10.1017/s0022278x00000082 |issn=0022-278X |s2cid=154841201}}</ref><ref name="ParliamentKe">{{Cite web |title=KENYA: parliamentary elections National Assembly, 1992 |url=http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2167_92.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817091746/http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2167_92.htm |archive-date=17 August 2018 |access-date=29 January 2019 |website=archive.ipu.org}}</ref> Okulonda kuno kwali kwa njawulo eri Kenya kubanga kwali kutandika kw'okukomekkereza obukulembeze bwa Moi n'obufuzi bwa KANU. Moi yasigala nga pulezidenti era George Saitoti n'afuuka omummyuka wa pulezidenti. Wadde nga yasigala mu buyinza, KANU yawangula ebifo 100 era n'efiirwa ebifo 88 eri ebibiina mukaaga eby'oludda oluvuganya gavumenti.<ref name="Keith" /><ref name="ParliamentKe" /> Okulonda kwa 1992 kwateekawo entandikwa y'ebyobufuzi eby'ebibiina ebingi oluvannyuma lw'emyaka egisukka mu 25 egy'obufuzi bwa KANU.<ref name="Keith" /> Oluvannyuma lw'obukuubagano obwaddirira oluvannyuma lw'okulonda, abantu 5,000 battibwa ate abalala 75,000 ne basengulwa okuva mu maka gaabwe.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2007 |title=Clashes, elections and land – church keeps watch in Molo |url=http://www.irinnews.org/report/73319/kenya-clashes-elections-and-land-church-keeps-watch-molo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171217115300/http://www.irinnews.org/report/73319/kenya-clashes-elections-and-land-church-keeps-watch-molo |archive-date=17 December 2017 |access-date=29 January 2019 |website=IRIN}}</ref> Mu myaka etaano egyaddirira, ebibiina by'obufuzi bingi byatandikibwawo nga beetegekera okulonda okuddako. Mu myaka etaano egyaddako, enkolagana nnyingi ez'ebyobufuzi zaatondebwawo nga beetegekera okulonda okali kuddako. Mu 1994, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga yafa era ebibiina bingi byegatta ku kibiina kye ekya FORD Kenya okutondawo ekibiina ekipya, United National Democratic Alliance. Ekibiina kino kyalimu obutakkanya bungi. Mu 1995, Richard Leakey yatondawo ekibiina kya Safina, naye kyagaanibwa okuwandiisibwa okutuusa mu Gwekkuminogumu 1997.<ref name="BBCKenyaHist">{{Cite news|date=31 January 2018|title=Kenya profile|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13682176|url-status=live|access-date=29 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130010047/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13682176|archive-date=30 January 2019}}</ref> Mu 1996, KANU yaddamu okwekenneenya Ssemateeka okukkiriza Moi okusigala nga Pulezidenti mu kisanja ekirala. Oluvannyuma, Moi yeesimbawo ku kisanja ekirala era yawangula ekisanja eky'okutaano mu 1997.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kenya History Timeline – historic overview of Kenya, Africa |url=https://crawfurd.dk/africa/kenya_timeline.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223160656/https://crawfurd.dk/africa/kenya_timeline.htm |archive-date=23 December 2018 |access-date=29 January 2019 |website=Crawfurd Homepage}}</ref> Obuwanguzi bwe bwavumirirwa nnyo abo abaali bamuvuganya ennyo, Kibaki ne Odinga, nga bagamba nti obuwanguzi bwe bwali bwa bulimba.<ref name="BBCKenyaHist" /><ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite journal |last=Anderson |first=David M. |year=2003 |title=Kenya's Elections 2002 – The Dawning of a New Era? |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_african-affairs_2003-04_102_407/page/331 |journal=African Affairs |volume=102 |issue=407 |pages=331–342 |doi=10.1093/afraf/adg007}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okuwangula okwo, Moi yagaanibwa mu Ssemateeka okuddamu okwesimbawo ku bwa Pulezidenti. Okutandika mu 1998, yagezaako okukyusa enkola y'ebyobufuzi n'okuwanyisa obuyinza mu ggwanga okusobozesa Uhuru Kenyatta okulondebwa mu kulonda kwa 2002.<ref>{{Cite web |last=AfricaNews |date=25 October 2017 |title=A look at Kenya's elections history since independence in 1964 |url=http://www.africanews.com/2017/10/25/a-look-at-kenya-s-elections-history-since-independence-in-1964/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130000204/http://www.africanews.com/2017/10/25/a-look-at-kenya-s-elections-history-since-independence-in-1964/ |archive-date=30 January 2019 |access-date=29 January 2019 |website=Africanews}}</ref> === Pulezidenti Kibaki n'olugenda lwa Ssemateeka omugya === Enteekateeka ya Moi ey'okudda mu bigere bya Uhuru Kenyatta yalemererwa, era Mwai Kibaki, eyali avuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti mu kibiina "National Rainbow Coalition" (NARC), yalondebwa nga Pulezidenti. David Anderson (2003) alipoota nti okulonda kwatwalibwa okuba okw’amazima n’obwenkanya okusinziira ku balabi ab’omu kitundu ne mu nsi yonna, era ne kirabika ng’ekyakyusa ennyo mu nkulaakulana ya demokulasiya mu Kenya.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Mu 2005, Bannakenya baagaana enteekateeka ey'okukyusa Ssemateeka w'obwetwaze owa 1963 n'endala empya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Of Oranges and Bananas: The 2005 Kenya Referendum on the Constitution |url=http://www.cmi.no/publications/2368-of-oranges-and-bananas |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160512022757/http://www.cmi.no/publications/2368-of-oranges-and-bananas |archive-date=12 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016 |website=CMI – Chr. Michelsen Institute}}</ref> N'ekyavaamu, okulonda kwa 2007 kwaliwo nga bagoberera enkola eyali eteekeddwawo mu Ssemateeka eyaliwo. Kibaki yaddamu okulondebwa mu kulonda okwali okw'amaanyi nga kujjudde obutabanguko bwe by'onufuzi n'ebibinja by'embu z'abantu mu Kenya. Omukulembeze w'oludda oluvuganya gavumenti asinga obukulu, Raila Odinga, yagamba nti okulonda kwalimu emivuyo n'okubba era nti ye yali Pulezidenti eyalondebwa mu butuufu. Mu butabanguko obwaddirira, abantu 1,500 battibwa ate abalala 600,000 ne basengulwa mu Kenya, kino ne kifuuka obutabanguko obwasinga obubi mu Kenya oluvannyuma lw'okulonda. Okusobola okukomya okufa n'okusengulwa kw'abantu, Kibaki ne Odinga bakkiriziganya okukolera awamu, ng'oluvannyuma Odinga yakkiriza okubeera nga ye Ssabaminisita.<ref>{{Cite news|date=12 April 2008|title=Deal to end Kenyan crisis agreed|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7344816.stm|url-status=live|access-date=29 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080415174110/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7344816.stm|archive-date=15 April 2008}}</ref> Kino kyafuula Odinga Ssabaminisita wa Kenya ow'okubiri. Mu Gwoluberyeberye 2010, Kenya yakolagana n'amawanga amalala ag'omu Buvanjuba bwa Africa okukola akatale akapya aka East African Common Market mu East African Community.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1 July 2010|title=FACTBOX-East African common market begins|work=Reuters|url=https://af.reuters.com/article/kenyaNews/idAFLDE65T2AJ20100701|url-status=dead|access-date=29 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100708233236/http://af.reuters.com/article/kenyaNews/idAFLDE65T2AJ20100701|archive-date=8 July 2010}}</ref> Mu 2011, Kenya yatandika okusindika amagye mu Somalia okulwanyisa ekibinja ky'abatujju ekya Al-Shabaab.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 March 2012 |title=The Standard {{!}} Online Edition :: Somalia government supports Kenyan forces' mission |url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/agriculture/InsidePage.php?id=2000045933&cid=4& |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314153558/http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/agriculture/InsidePage.php?id=2000045933&cid=4& |archive-date=14 March 2012 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Mu makkati ga 2011, sizoni z'enkuba ebbiri ezaali zitalabise z'aviirako ekyeya ekyasingayo obubi mu East Africa mu myaka 60. Ekitundu ky’omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bwa Turkana kyakosebwa nnyo,<ref name="RedCross">{{Cite web |last=Koech, Dennis |date=25 July 2011 |title=Red Cross warns of catastrophe in Turkana |url=http://www.kbc.co.ke/news.asp?nid=71528 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104173650/http://www.kbc.co.ke/news.asp?nid=71528 |archive-date=4 January 2012 |access-date=7 August 2011 |publisher=Kbc.co.ke}}</ref> ng’amasomero g’omu kitundu gaggalwawo olw’ensonga eyo.<ref name="Kscafthit">{{Cite web |date=28 July 2011 |title=Kenya: schools close as famine takes hold in Turkana |url=http://www.indcatholicnews.com/news.php?viewStory=18686 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111019172150/http://www.indcatholicnews.com/news.php?viewStory=18686 |archive-date=19 October 2011 |access-date=7 August 2011 |publisher=Indcatholicnews.com}}</ref> Kyategeezeddwa nti ekizibu kyaggwaawo ku ntandikwa ya 2012 olw’okukolera awamu mu kugaba obuyambi. Ebitongole ebikola ku by’obuyambi oluvannyuma byakyusa essira ne balissa ku kuyamba abantu okuddamu okuzimba obulamu bwabwe, omuli okusima emikutu egitambuza amazzi n’okugaba ensigo z’ebimera.<ref name="Unsfisiobrr">Gettleman, Jeffrey (3 February 2012) [https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/04/world/africa/un-says-famine-in-somalia-is-over-but-risks-remain.html U.N. Says Famine in Somalia Is Over, but Risks Remain] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107082519/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/04/world/africa/un-says-famine-in-somalia-is-over-but-risks-remain.html|date=7 November 2016}}. ''The New York Times''.</ref> Mu Gwomunaana 2010, Bannakenya baakuba akalulu era ne bayisa Ssemateeka omupya, eyakendeeza ku buyinza bwa Pulezidenti era n'egabanyaamu gavumenti eya wakati.<ref name="BBCKenyaHist" /> Oluvannyuma lw'okuyisa Ssemateeka omupya, Kenya yafuuka republic, nga Pulezidenti wa Kenya ye mukulembeze w'eggwanga era omutwe gwa gavumenti, era nga y'akulira enkola y'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi. Ssemateeka omupya era alaga nti obuyinza obw’okuddukanya eggwanga bukozesebwa ekitongole ekiddukanya eggwanga, ekikulemberwa pulezidenti, atuula ku ntebe ya kabineeti erimu abantu abalondeddwa okuva ebweru wa Paalamenti. Obuyinza obw’okukola amateeka buweebwa Paalamenti yokka. Ekitongole ekiramuzi kya ddembe okuva ku kitongole ekiddukanya eggwanga ne Paalamenti. === '''Obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta ne Ruto''' === [[File:Uhuru Kenyatta.jpg|thumb|Uhuru Kenyatta]] Mu 2013, Kenya yategeka okulonda kwayo okwasooka okubaawo wansi wa Ssemateeka wa 2010. Uhuru Kenyatta yawangula, wadde ng'ebyava mu kulonda byawakanyizibwa mu kkooti ensukkulumu eya Kenya, ng'omukulembeze w'oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, Raila Odinga, ye yali akulembeddemu okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Supreme Court upholds Uhuru's election as president |url=https://www.nation.co.ke/news/politics/1064-1734782-jlg2e7/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130055614/https://www.nation.co.ke/news/politics/1064-1734782-jlg2e7/index.html |archive-date=30 January 2019 |access-date=29 January 2019 |website=Daily Nation}}</ref> Uhuru Kenyatta yaddamu okulondebwa mu 2017 mu kulonda okulala okwali kubuusibwabuusibwa. Odinga yavunaana ekitongole kya Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission olw'okuddukanya obubi okulonda ne Kenyatta ne kibiina kye olw'okubba obululu. Kkooti ensukkulumu yasazaamu ebyava mu kulonda mu nsala ey'amaanyi eyassaawo ekifo kyayo ng'omuntu eyeetengeredde okukebera pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Burke|first=Jason|date=25 October 2017|title=Kenya election rerun to go ahead after court fails to rule on delay|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/25/kenya-presidential-election-rerun-to-go-ahead-supreme-court|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128001939/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/25/kenya-presidential-election-rerun-to-go-ahead-supreme-court|archive-date=28 January 2019|access-date=29 January 2019|work=The Guardian|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2017 |title=Kenya court decision demonstrates respect for rule of law {{!}} IDLO |url=https://www.idlo.int/kenya-court-decision-demonstrates-respect-rule-of-law |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130110210/https://www.idlo.int/kenya-court-decision-demonstrates-respect-rule-of-law |archive-date=30 January 2019 |access-date=29 January 2019 |website=idlo.int}}</ref> Mu kulonda okwaddibwamu, Kenyatta yawangula oluvannyuma lwa Odinga okugaana okwetaba mu kulonda, ng'agamba nti waaliwo obutali butuukirivu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Standard |title=President Uhuru Kenyatta declared winner of repeat presidential election |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001258851/uhuru-kenyatta-wins-repeat-election-with-7-4-million-votes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130000122/https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001258851/uhuru-kenyatta-wins-repeat-election-with-7-4-million-votes |archive-date=30 January 2019 |access-date=29 January 2019 |website=The Standard}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Moore|first=Jina|date=30 October 2017|title=President Uhuru Kenyatta declared winner of repeat presidential election|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/30/world/africa/kenya-election-kenyatta-odinga.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725033311/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/30/world/africa/kenya-election-kenyatta-odinga.html|archive-date=25 July 2018|access-date=29 January 2019|work=The New York Times}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2018, okukwatagana mu ngalo wakati wa Kenyatta ne Odinga kyategeeza ekiseera eky’okutabagana nga kino kyaddirirwa okweyongera mu by'enfuna n’obutebenkevu obweyongera.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wilson |first=Tom |date=1 November 2019 |title=Handshake ends crisis and leads to signs of progress in Kenya |url=https://www.ft.com/content/59339450-d555-11e9-8d46-8def889b4137 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514095330/https://www.ft.com/content/59339450-d555-11e9-8d46-8def889b4137 |archive-date=14 May 2021 |access-date=27 June 2021 |website=Financial Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2018-05-31 |title=The Handshake that Shaped a Nation |url=https://kenyaconnection.org/the-handshake-that-shaped-a-nation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423095259/https://kenyaconnection.org/the-handshake-that-shaped-a-nation/ |archive-date=23 April 2021 |access-date=21 June 2021 |website=Kenya Connection |language=en-US}}</ref> Wakati wa 2019 ne 2021, ababiri bano baagatta amaanyi okutumbula enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu Ssemateeka wa Kenya, ezaayitibwa "Building Bridges Initiative" (BBI). Baagamba nti kaweefube waabwe yali wa kutumbula nkwatagana n’okuvvuunuka enkola y’okulonda mu Kenya eyateranga okuvaamu obutabanguko oluvannyuma lw’okulonda.<ref name="bbi_blocked_2021_05_14_bbc">Omondi, Ferdinand: [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-57094387 "Kenya's BBI blocked in scathing court verdict for President Kenyatta"], {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514132005/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-57094387|date=14 May 2021}} 14 May 2021, [[BBC News]] (Africa), retrieved 14 May 2021</ref><ref name="kenyan_court_2021_05_13_reuters">Miriri, Duncan: [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kenya-politics-idAFKBN2CU24L "Kenyan court slams brakes on president's constitutional changes"], {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514144827/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kenya-politics-idAFKBN2CU24L|date=14 May 2021}} 13 May 2021, [[Reuters News Service]], retrieved 14 May 2021</ref> Ekirowoozo kya BBI kyali kyetaagisa okugaziya ennyo ekitongole ekikola amateeka n'ekitongole ekikola ku nsonga ez'enjawulo, nga mw'otwalidde n'okutondawo ssaabaminisita ng'alina abamyuka babiri n'omukulembeze ow'enkalakkalira ow'oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, nga kino kikomyawo enkola ey'okulonda ba minisita okuva mu bammemba ba Paalamenti abalonde. Okutondawo Konsityuwensi empya 70, n'okwongerako abantu 300 abatalondebwa mu Paalamenti (wansi w'enteekateeka eyitibwa "affirmative action" plan).<ref name="bbi_blocked_2021_05_14_bbc" /><ref name="kenyan_court_2021_05_13_reuters" /> [[File:President Ruto Potrait 2022.jpg|thumb|William Ruto]] Abavumirira baalaba kino ng'okugezaako okuwa ebirabo amaka g'ebyobufuzi era n'okukendeeza ku kufuba kw'omummyuka wa Pulezidenti William Ruto okunoonya obwa pulezidenti, n'okugaziya gavumenti ku bbeeyi eya waggulu eri eggwanga eririmu amabanja amangi. Mu nkomerero, mu Gwokutaano 2021, Kkooti Enkulu eya Kenya yasalawo nti BBI kyali kikontana n'etteeka, kubanga kyali kigendererwa kya gavumenti okusinga okuba ekyetaago ky'abantu. Kkooti yavumirira Kenyatta, n'eraga ensonga lwaki yali asobola okuwawaabirwa oba n'okuggyibwa mu woofiisi. Okusalawo kuno kwatwalibwa ng'okufiirwa okw'amaanyi eri Kenyatta ne Odinga, naye nga kyongera ku mikisa gya Odinga mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti okw'omu maaso, Ruto. Mu Gwomunaana 2021, Kkooti ya Kenya ejulirwamu yakkiriza ensala ya Kkooti Enkulu mu kujulira okuva mu BBI Secretariat.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 August 2021 |title=Kenyan court rejects disputed bid to change constitution |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/20/kenyan-court-rejects-disputed-bid-to-change-constitution |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210826074033/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/20/kenyan-court-rejects-disputed-bid-to-change-constitution |archive-date=26 August 2021 |access-date=27 August 2021 |website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> Ruto yawangula akalulu k'obwa pulezidenti aka 2022, ng'awangudde Odinga okufuuka pulezidenti wa Kenya ow'okutaano..<ref>{{cite news|date=15 August 2022|title=Kenya election result: William Ruto wins presidential poll|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-62554210|access-date=19 August 2022|archive-date=15 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815164106/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-62554210|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Obulutsa|first1=George|last2=Mersie|first2=Ayenat|date=13 September 2022|title=William Ruto sworn in as Kenya's fifth president|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/william-ruto-be-sworn-kenyas-president-2022-09-13/|access-date=13 September 2022|archive-date=5 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005113113/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/william-ruto-be-sworn-kenyas-president-2022-09-13/|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu 2024, Ruto ne Kenya Kwanza coalition baayolekaganye n'okwekalakaasa okw'amaanyi olw'etteeka lya Kenya Finance Bill 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 June 2024 |title=Protests in Nairobi over Kenya government's tax hikes &#124; BBC News |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y1Scqw5epho |via=YouTube}}</ref> == Obutonde bwayo == Ku 580,367 km2 (224,081 sq mi),<ref name="cia">{{Cite web |last=Central Intelligence Agency |author-link=Central Intelligence Agency |year=2012 |title=Kenya |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kenya/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124224025/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kenya/ |archive-date=24 January 2021 |access-date=28 May 2013 |website=[[The World Factbook]]}}</ref> Kenya ekwata ekifo kya 47 mu nsi ezisinga obunene mu nsi yonna (oluvannyuma lwa Madagascar). Esangibwa wakati wa latitudi 5°N ne 5°S, ne longitudi 34° ne 42°E. Okuva ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Indian Ocean, olusenyi olwansi lulinnya okutuuka ku nsozi ez'omu masekkati agayawulwamu ekiwonvu ekinene, era waliwo ebitundu ebirimu ettaka eggimu ku njuyi zombi, okwetooloola [[Ennyanja Nalubaale|Ennyanja Nnalubaale]] n'Ebuvanjuba.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Murayama |first1=Yuji |date=2017-03-29 |title=Urban Development in Asia and Africa: Geospatial Analysis of Metropolises |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C_6ODgAAQBAJ&dq=Kenya+fertile+plateau+east&pg=PA296 |last2=Kamusoko |first2=Courage |last3=Yamashita |first3=Akio |last4=Estoque |first4=Ronald C. |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-981-10-3241-7 |access-date=27 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506160203/https://books.google.com/books?id=C_6ODgAAQBAJ&dq=Kenya+fertile+plateau+east&pg=PA296 |archive-date=6 May 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Stokes |first=Jamie |date=2009 |title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=stl97FdyRswC&dq=Kenya+fertile+plateau+east&pg=PA364 |publisher=Infobase Publishing |isbn=978-1-4381-2676-0 |access-date=27 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153550/https://books.google.com/books?id=stl97FdyRswC&dq=Kenya+fertile+plateau+east&pg=PA364 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ebitundu bya Kenya eby'Ensozi bye bimu ku bitundu ebisinga okufulumya eby'obulimi mu Afirika.<ref name=":02">{{cite book |author=CIA |year=2010 |title=The World Factbook |publisher=Potomac Books, Inc. |isbn=978-1-59797-541-4 |page=336}}</ref> Ensozi ze zisangibwa ekifo ekisinga obuwanvu mu Kenya n'olusozi olw'okubiri olusinga obuwanvu ku ssemazinga: Olusozi Kenya, olutuuka ku buwanvu bwa m 5,199 (futi 17,057) era nga we wali omuzira. Olusozi Kilimanjaro (m 5,895 oba futi 19,341) lusobola okulabibwa okuva e Kenya okutuuka mu Bukiikaddyo bw'ensalo ya Tanzania. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde mu Kenya ekyukakyuka okuva ku kitundu ekirimu ebbugumu eringi okumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja, okudda ku kitundu ekirimu ebbugumu eringi mu masekkati g'eggwanga, okudda ku kitundu ekirimu ekyeya mu Bukiikakkono n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'eggwanga. Ekitundu kino kifuna omusana mungi buli mwezi. Emirundi egisinga obudde buba bwa bunnyogovu ekiro ate ku makya nga bukyali bwa bunnyogovu mu masekkati g'eggwanga, ate mu bukiikakkono n'obukiikakkono bw'obuvanjuba bw'eggwanga, obudde buba bwa bbugumu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kenya – Pride Nature Safaris |url=https://pridenaturesafaris.com/our-destinations/kenya/ |access-date=2026-04-09 |website=pridenaturesafaris.com}}</ref> "Enkuba ey'ekiseera ekiwanvu" etuuka okuva mu Gwokusatu/Gwokuna okutuuka mu Gwokutaano/Gwomukaaga. Sizoni "y'enkuba entono" etuuka okuva mu Gwekkumi okutuuka mu Gwekkuminogumu/Gwekkumineebiri. Enkuba oluusi eba nnyingi era etera okutonnya mu ttuntu n'olw'eggulo. Enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ekyusa enkola y'obutonde ey'ekiseera ky'enkuba, ekireeta enkuba okutonnya entono – ekivuddeko amataba –<ref>{{cite book |last=Salih |first=Mohamed |year=2012 |title=Local Climate Change and Society |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9780415627153 |page=119}}</ref> n'okukendeeza ku kyeya okuva ku buli myaka kkumi okudda ku buli mwaka, ekivirako ekyeya eky'amaanyi nga ekyeya ekyabalukwo mu Kenya ekya 2008–09.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Peck |first1=Dannele E. |year=2015 |title=Climate Variability and Water Dependent Sectors: Impacts and Potential Adaptations |last2=Peterson |first2=Jeffrey M. |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-61427-2}}</ref> Ebbugumu lisigala nga lya waggulu mu myezi gino egy'enkuba mu kitundu ky'ekibira. Ekiseera ekisinga okuba eky'ebbugumu kibaawo mu Gwokubiri n'Ogwokusatu, nga kino kye kiseera ky'enkuba ennyingi, ate ekiseera ekisinga okuba eky'obunnyogovu kibaawo mu Gwomusanvu, okutuusa mu makkati go Gwomunaana.<ref name=":3">{{cite web |title=Kenya climate: average weather, temperature, precipitation, best time |url=https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802230142/https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/kenya |archive-date=2 August 2020 |access-date=2020-01-15 |website=climatestotravel.com}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsiko''' Kenya erina ettaka ddene eriweereddwayo okubeeramu ebifo ebibeeramu ebisolo by'omu nsiko, omuli n'ekkuumiro ly'ebisolo erya Tsavo ne Masai Mara, awabeera blue wildebeest n'ebika by'ebisolo ebirala ebibeera mu nsiko ebibeera mu kibinja ekinene buli mwaka. Wildebeest ezisukka mu kakadde kamu n'entugga 200,000 ze zibeera mu kibinja kino nga ziyita ku mugga Mara..<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 January 2012 |title=Wildebeest Migration |url=https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/wildebeest-migration/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160612175545/http://nationalgeographic.org/media/wildebeest-migration/ |archive-date=12 June 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016 |website=National Geographic Society}}</ref> Ensolo za Africa eziyitibwa "Ensolo ennene ettaano" mwe muli empologoma, engo, embogo, envubu, n'ejjovu, zisangibwa mu Kenya era naddala mu Masai Mara. Omuwendo omunene ogw'ensolo endala ez'omu nsiko, ebyewalula, n'ebinyonyi bisangibwa mu mbuga z'eggwanga ne mu bifo ebirala ebikuumibwamu ebisolo mu ggwanga. Okusenguka kw'ebisolo okwa buli omwaka kubaawo wakati w'Ogwomukaaga n'Ogwomwenda nga bukadde na bukadde bw'ebisolo bwe busenguka, ne kisikiriza eby'obulambuzi eby'omuwendo okuva ebweru w'eggwanga. Obukadde bubiri bw'ebisolo ebiyitibwa wildebeest biddukira olugendo lwa kiromita 2,900 (1,802 mi) okuva mu Serengeti mu Tanzania eriraanyeewo okudda mu Masai Mara<ref>{{cite web |last=Bashir |first=Hanif |date=27 May 2015 |title=Masai Mara Safari – The Migration &#124; Tour Packages |url=https://www.kenyatraveltips.com/masai-mara-safari/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302014643/https://www.kenyatraveltips.com/masai-mara-safari/ |archive-date=2 March 2021 |access-date=3 March 2021 |work=Kenya Travel Tips}}</ref> mu Kenya, nga buli kiseera bigenda mu maaso nga bwe bikyuka, nga binoonya emmere n'amazzi. Okusenguka kw'ebisolo ebiyitibwa wildebeest mu Serengeti byawandiikibwa mu by'ewuunyo omusanvu eby'obutonde mu Afirika.<ref>{{cite news|last=Pflanz|first=Mike|date=2010-06-13|title=New road threatens Africa's 'wonder of the world' wildebeest migration|language=en-GB|work=The Daily Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/tanzania/7824876/New-road-threatens-Africas-wonder-of-the-world-wildebeest-migration.html|url-status=live|access-date=2020-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115133738/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/tanzania/7824876/New-road-threatens-Africas-wonder-of-the-world-wildebeest-migration.html|archive-date=15 January 2020|issn=0307-1235}}</ref> '''Okukuuma obutonde''' Kenya yalina omuwendo gwa 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ogwa 4.2/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 133 mu nsi yonna ku nsi 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{Cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> Conservation International ekola mu Kenya okuyita mu Conservation International Kenya, pulogulaamu y'eggwanga eyatandikibwawo mu 2014 eraga alipoota ku mirimu egikolebwa ku yiika obukadde 4.9, omuli okukuuma ebibira n'ebifo ebisolo we birundira n'okubizzaawo, eby'obulambuzi, n'ebikolebwa okukendeeza ku mbeera y'obudde nga REDD+.<ref name="CIKenyaPlaces">{{cite web |title=Kenya |url=https://www.conservation.org/places/kenya |website=Conservation International}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'eby'obufuzi == [[File:President Ruto Potrait 2022.jpg|thumb|William Ruto Pulezidenti]] [[File:Kithure Kindiki.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti]] Kenya nsi eya demokulasiya era erina enkola y'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi. Pulezidenti ye mukulembeze w'eggwanga era ye mukulembeze wa gavumenti. Obuyinza obukola ku nsonga ez'enjawulo bukolebwa gavumenti. Obuyinza obukola ku mateeka buweebwa gavumenti, Paalamenti y'eggwanga n'Olukiiko lw'eggwanga. Ekitongole ekiramuzi ky'etongola okuva ku kakiiko akakulembeze ne Paalamenti. Wabaddewo okweraliikirira okweyongera, naddala mu kiseera ky'obukulembeze bwa pulezidenti eyaliko Daniel arap Moi, nti ekikola ku nsonga z'eggwanga kyali kyeyongera okweyingiza mu nsonga z'ekitongole ekiramuzi.<ref>{{cite web |last=Novak |first=Andrew |title=The Criminal Justice System and Eroding Democracy After Independence – Page 12 |url=http://racism.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1448:mandatorydeathpenalty03&catid=140&Itemid=155&showall=&limitstart=11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603102544/http://racism.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1448:mandatorydeathpenalty03&catid=140&Itemid=155&showall=&limitstart=11 |archive-date=3 June 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016 |website=racism.org}}</ref> Kenya erina obulyi bw'enguzi bungi okusinziira ku Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), omuwendo ogugezaako okupima obunene bw'obuli bw'enguzi mu bitongole bya gavumenti mu nsi ez'enjawulo. Mu 2019, eggwanga lyali mu kifo kya 137 ku nsi 180 mu lukalala, n'obubonero 28 ku 100.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 January 2020 |title=Corruption Perceptions Index 2019 |url=https://www.transparency.org/cpi2019?/news/feature/cpi-2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200512190641/https://www.transparency.org/cpi2019?%2Fnews%2Ffeature%2Fcpi-2019 |archive-date=12 May 2020 |access-date=20 February 2020 |website=transparency.org |publisher=[[Transparency International]]}}</ref> Naye waliwo ebintu bingi eby'enkizo ebikoleddwa okusobola okukendeeza obuli bw'enguzi mu gavumenti ya Kenya, gamba ng'okutandikawo akakiiko akapya era aketengeredde akalwanyisa enguzi aka Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission (EACC).<ref>{{cite web |title=Business Corruption in Kenya |url=http://www.business-anti-corruption.com/country-profiles/sub-saharan-africa/kenya/business-corruption-in-kenya.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140406012851/http://www.business-anti-corruption.com/country-profiles/sub-saharan-africa/kenya/business-corruption-in-kenya.aspx |archive-date=6 April 2014 |access-date=4 April 2014 |publisher=Business Anti-Corruption Portal}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda okwaliwo mu 1997, etteeka erya Constitution of Kenya Review Act, eryali litegekeddwa okutereeza obulungi mu ssemateeka wa Kenya, lyayisibwa Paalamenti ya Kenya.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121030152612/http://www.kenyaconstitution.org/history/ A short history of the 2010 Kenya constitution] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030152612/http://www.kenyaconstitution.org/history/|date=30 October 2012}}. kenyaconstitution.org</ref> Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2002, Kenya yafuna okulonda okw'amazima n'obwenkanya, okwalabibwa ng'okw'amazima era okw'obwenkanya okusinziira ku balabi b'ensi yonna<ref>{{cite news|title=International observers declare Kenyan elections fair|work=cbc.ca|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/international-observers-declare-kenyan-elections-fair-1.349882|url-status=live|access-date=13 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530210357/http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/international-observers-declare-kenyan-elections-fair-1.349882|archive-date=30 May 2016}}</ref> TOkulonda kwa 2002 kwali kwa makulu nnyo era nga kulaga enkyukakyuka. Okulonda kwa 2002 kwali kwa mugaso nnyo mu kukyusa enkola ya demokulasiya mu Kenya mu ngeri nti obuyinza bwakyusibwa mu mirembe okuva mu Kenya African National Union (KANU), eyali efuze eggwanga okuva ku bwetwaze, okudda mu National Rainbow Coalition (NARC), omukago gw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi. Wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Mwai Kibaki, omukago omupya ogufuga gwasuubiza okussa amaanyi gaagwo ku kuleetawo enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna, okulwanyisa obuli bw'enguzi, okulongoosa eby'enjigiriza, n'okuddamu okuwandiika Ssemateeka waagwo. Ebimu ku bisuubizo bino bituukiriziddwa. Waliwo okusoma kwa pulayimale okw'obwereere.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Turning Point: Free Primary Education in Kenya – NORRAG |url=https://resources.norrag.org/resource/view/40/162 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204085234/https://resources.norrag.org/resource/view/40/162 |archive-date=4 February 2021 |access-date=21 December 2020 |website=norrag.org}}</ref> Mu 2007, gavumenti yafulumya ekiwandiiko ng'erangirira nti okuva mu 2008, okusoma kwa sekendule tekwali kwa kusasulirwa ssente nnyingi, nga gavumenti esasula ebisale by'essomero byonna.<ref>{{Cite news|date=11 February 2008|title=Africa &#124; Free secondary schools for Kenya|work=BBC News|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7239577.stm|url-status=live|access-date=26 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203081815/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7239577.stm|archive-date=3 December 2012}}</ref> '''Okulonda kwa 2013 ne gavumenti empya''' Mu Ssemateeka omupya era ne Pulezidenti Kibaki yagaanibwa olw'ekkomo ku bisanja obutaddamu kwesimbawo mu kisanja eky'okusatu, Omumyuka wa Ssaabaminisita Uhuru Kenyatta yeesimbawo mu woofiisi. Yawangula n'ebitundu 50.51% eby'obululu mu Gwokusatu 2013. Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2014, Pulezidenti Kenyatta yassa omukono ku tteeka erikwata ku by’okwerinda eryali likyusiddwaamu, abawagizi b’etteeka lino abaali balikkiririzaamu baagamba nti lyali lyetaagisa okukuuma abantu okuva ku bibinja by’abayeekera. Bannabyabufuzi ab’oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, ebibiina ebirwanirira eddembe ly’obuntu, n’amawanga mwenda ag’omu Bulaaya baavumirira etteeka eryo, nga bagamba nti lyali likosa eddembe ly’obuntu. Gavumenti ya America, Bungereza, Bugirimaani, ne Bufaransa nazo zaawera ekiwandiiko ky'awamu eri bannamawulire nga balabula ku ngeri etteeka lino gye liyinza okukosaamu abantu. Okuyitira mu Jubilee Coalition, etteeka lino oluvannyuma lyayisibwa nga 19 Ogwekkumineebiri mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga mu mbeera embi ennyo.<ref>{{Cite news|date=19 December 2014|title=Kenya president signs tough 'anti-terror' law|publisher=Al Jazeera|url=https://en-maktoob.news.yahoo.com/kenya-passes-divisive-anti-terror-law-090047236.html|url-status=dead|access-date=22 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222200412/https://en-maktoob.news.yahoo.com/kenya-passes-divisive-anti-terror-law-090047236.html|archive-date=22 December 2014}}</ref> '''Enkolagana n'amawanga g'ebweru''' [[File:President Obama's visit to Kenya (20062221510).jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Obama ng'akyaddeko mu Kenya]] Enkolagana ne Somalia ebadde nzibu nnyo mu byafaayo, wadde nga wabaddewo okukolera awamu mu by'amagye okulwanyisa abayeekera ab'obusiraamu. Kenya erina enkolagana ennungi ne Bungereza.<ref name="upenn">[http://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/kforeignrelation.htm Kenya – Foreign Relations] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423011916/http://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/kforeignrelation.htm|date=23 April 2016}}. Retrieved on 16 January 2015.</ref> Kenya y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okuwagira Amerika mu Afirika, n'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 June 2006 |title=Opinion of the United States |url=http://www.pewglobal.org/database/indicator/1/country/113/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405225516/https://www.pewglobal.org/database/indicator/1/country/113/ |archive-date=5 April 2019 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=Pewglobal.org}}</ref> Nga ennaku z’okuwozesebwa mu kkooti y’ensi yonna zitegekeddwa mu 2013 ku Pulezidenti Kenyatta n’omumyuka we Pulezidenti William Ruto ku bikwata ku byava mu kulonda kwa 2007, Pulezidenti wa Amerika Barack Obama, alina obuzaale bwa Kenya, yasalawo obutakyalako mu ggwanga eryo mu lukyala lwe olw’omu makkati ga 2013 mu Afirika.<ref>Epatko, Larisa, [https://web.archive.org/web/20140121185125/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/2013/06/africa-tour.html "Why Obama Is Visiting Senegal, South Africa and Tanzania But Not Kenya"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140121185125/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/2013/06/africa-tour.html|date=21 January 2014}}, ''[[PBS NewsHour]]'', 25 June 2013. Retrieved 18 August 2013.</ref> Oluvannyuma mu biseera by'omusana, Kenyatta yakyalira China ku kuyitibwa kwa Pulezidenti Xi Jinping oluvannyuma lw'okuyimirirako mu Russia era nga yali tannakyalako mu United States nga pulezidenti.<ref name="wp01">Raghavan, Sudarsan, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/in-snub-to-washington-kenyan-president-visits-china-russia-in-first-official-visit-outside-africa/2013/08/17/baaed162-06a4-11e3-bfc5-406b928603b2_story.html "In snub to Washington, Kenyan president visits China, Russia first"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129115608/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/in-snub-to-washington-kenyan-president-visits-china-russia-in-first-official-visit-outside-africa/2013/08/17/baaed162-06a4-11e3-bfc5-406b928603b2_story.html|date=29 November 2014}}, ''The Washington Post'', 17 August 2013. Ambassador Liu's comments at capitalfm.co.ke linked to [https://web.archive.org/web/20130818125924/http://www.capitalfm.co.ke/eblog/2013/08/16/kenya-and-china-achieving-shared-dreams-hand-in-hand/ capitalfm.co.ke] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818125924/http://www.capitalfm.co.ke/eblog/2013/08/16/kenya-and-china-achieving-shared-dreams-hand-in-hand/|date=18 August 2013}}. Retrieved 18 August 2013.</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu 2015, Obama yakyalira Kenya, pulezidenti wa America eyasooka okukyalira eggwanga eryo ng'akyali mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |last=George Kegoro |title=Circumstances created need that made visit possible |url=http://www.nation.co.ke/oped/Opinion/Barack-Obama-Visit-Uhuru-Kenyatta-William-Ruto-ICC/-/440808/2808378/-/dmt8p2/-/index.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828050809/http://www.nation.co.ke/oped/Opinion/Barack-Obama-Visit-Uhuru-Kenyatta-William-Ruto-ICC/-/440808/2808378/-/dmt8p2/-/index.html |archive-date=28 August 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=Nation.co.ke}}</ref> Ekitongole kya British Army Training Unit Kenya (BATUK) kikozesebwa mu kutendeka amagye ga Bungereza agalwanyira ku ttaka mu bitundu eby'ekyeya era ebirimu ensozi mu Great Rift Valley.<ref>"[https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2001/jul/01/politics.world Britain's secret killing fields] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806113032/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2001/jul/01/politics.world|date=6 August 2019}}". ''The Guardian''. 1 July 2001</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The British Army in Africa |url=http://www.army.mod.uk/operations-deployments/22724.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630055845/http://www.army.mod.uk/operations-deployments/22724.aspx |archive-date=30 June 2016 |access-date=20 June 2016 |website=army.mod.uk/ |publisher=Ministry of Defence}}</ref> '''Amagye''' Amagye ga Kenya Defence Forces ge gakuuma Kenya. Amagye ga Kenya, Amagye ga Kenya ag'okumazzi, n'amagye agalwanira mu bbanga ge gakola amagye g'Eggwanga gonna. Amagye ga Kenya agaliwo kati gaatandikibwawo, era enkola yaago n'erambikibwa, mu Kawaayiro 241 ak'endagaano ya 2010 eya Ssemateeka wa Kenya; eggye lya KDF lifugibwa etteeka lya Kenya Defence Forces Act erya 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Defence |title=Kenya Defence Forces Act – No. 25 of 2012 |url=http://www.mod.go.ke/pubs/kdfAct.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003132740/http://www.mod.go.ke/pubs/kdfAct.pdf/ |archive-date=3 October 2018 |access-date=6 May 2014 |publisher=National Council for Law Reporting}}</ref> Pulezidenti wa Kenya ye muduumizi w'amagye maggye gonna. Amagye gatera okusindikibwa okukuuma emirembe okwetooloola ensi yonna. Okugatta ku ekyo, oluvannyuma lw'okulonda okwaliwo mu Gwekkumineebiri 2007 n'obutabanguko obwaddirira, akakiiko akanoonyereza, Akakiiko ka Waki, kaasiima obwetegefu bwako era ne kakalangirira nti "kakoze obulungi omulimu gwako."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Commission of Inquiry into the Post Election Violence |url=http://www.eastandard.net/downloads/Waki_Report.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220154028/http://www.eastandard.net/downloads/Waki_Report.pdf |archive-date=20 December 2008}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, wabaddewo okwemulugunya okw'amaanyi ku kutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu, okusinga gye buvuddeko nga bakola ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera mu kitundu kya Mt Elgon<ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya National Commission on Human Rights |url=http://www.knchr.org/dmdocuments/Mt%20Elgon%20.PDF |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214072227/http://www.knchr.org/dmdocuments/Mt%20Elgon%20.PDF |archive-date=14 February 2012}}</ref> era ne mu Masekkati ga Disitulikiti y'e Mandera.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170703143833/http://www.nation.co.ke/News/-/1056/486206/-/view/printVersion/-/15cwkg8/-/index.html Security men accused of torture and rape] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703143833/http://www.nation.co.ke/News/-/1056/486206/-/view/printVersion/-/15cwkg8/-/index.html|date=3 July 2017}} Daily Nation. 11 January 2008.</ref> Amagye ga Kenya, okufaananako ebitongole bya gavumenti ebirala mu ggwanga, gakwatiddwako nnyo olw'ebigambibwa nti gaalya enguzi. Olw'okuba emirimu gy'amagye gibadde gikolebwa mu nkukutu olw'okutya nti gisobola okutaataaganyizibwa, obulyi bw'enguzi buno bubadde bukwekeddwa okuva mu bantu, era nga tebusobola kulabibwa bantu, era nga tebumanyiddwa. Kino kikyuse gye buvuddeko awo. Mu ebyo ebitalabwangako mu Kenya, mu 2010, waliwo ebyayogerwa ku buli bw'enguzi ebikwata ku kuwa abantu emirimu<ref>The Standard 31 October 2010 Activists give military 5 days to re-admit recruit INTERNET [http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/InsidePage.php?id=2000021408&catid=159&a=1 standardmedia.co.ke] {{dead link|date=December 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} Cited on 3 January 2011</ref> n'okugula ebidduka ebiriko eby'okulwanyisa. Okugatta ku ekyo, amagezi n'okukola okusalawo okulungi eri eby'okulwanyisa ebigulibwa bibadde by'emulugunyizibwako mu lujjudde. '''Engabanya y'obukulembeze.''' Kenya egabanyizibwamu amasaza 47 agalina obwetwaze obutonotono agakulemberwa bagavana. Amasaza gano 47 ge gakola ebitundu bya Kenya ebisookerwako. Ebifo ebisembayo obutono mu Kenya biyitibwa locations. Ebifo bino bitera okuba nga bye bimu n'ebitundu by'okulonderamu. Ebifo bino bitera okutuumibwa amannya g'ebibuga oba ebyalo ebiri mu masekkati gaabyo. Ebibuga ebinene birimu ebifo bingi. Buli kifo kirina omukulu, alondebwa gavumenti. Konsityuwensi bye bifo ebironderwamu, nga buli Ssaza lirimu omuwendo gw'ebifo ebironderwamu. Akakiiko k'ensalo akaakaseera katondebwawo mu 2010 okwekenneenya ebifo ebironderwamu era mu alipoota yaako, kyasemba okutondawo Konsityuwensi endala 80 ezironderwamu. Nga okulonda kwa 2013 tekunnabaawo, waaliwo Konsityuwensi ebironderwamu 210 mu Kenya.<ref>Kenya Roads Board [https://web.archive.org/web/20080113052023/http://www.krb.go.ke/constituency.php Constituency funding under the RMLF]</ref> '''Eddembe ly'obuntu''' Ebikolwa by'okulya ebisiyaga tebikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu Kenya era bitera okubonerezebwa n'okusibwa emyaka 14.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=Laws on Homosexuality in African Nations |url=https://www.loc.gov/law/help/criminal-laws-on-homosexuality/african-nations-laws.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170619211045/http://www.loc.gov/law/help/criminal-laws-on-homosexuality/african-nations-laws.php |archive-date=19 June 2017 |access-date=3 June 2017 |website=Library of Congress}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2020 okwakolebwa ekitongole kya Pew Research Center, ebitundu 83% ebya Bannakenya bakkiriza nti okulya ebisiyaga tekulina kukkirizibwa mu bantu.<ref name="pewresearch.org">{{Cite web |last1=Poushter |first1=Jacob |last2=Kent |first2=Nicholas |date=25 June 2020 |title=The Global Divide on Homosexuality Persists |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2020/06/25/global-divide-on-homosexuality-persists/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701105248/https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2020/06/25/global-divide-on-homosexuality-persists/ |archive-date=1 July 2022 |access-date=6 August 2022 |publisher=Pew Research Center}}</ref> Mu lukungaana lwa bannamawulire olwali wamu ne Pulezidenti Barack Obama mu 2015, Pulezidenti Kenyatta yagaana okukakasa obumalirivu bwa Kenya eri eddembe ly'abalyi b'ebisiyaga, ng'agamba nti "ensonga y'eddembe ly'abalyi b'ebisiyaga ddala si nsonga... Naye waliwo ebintu ebimu bye tulina okukkiriza nti tetubirina era tetubigabana. Obuwangwa bwaffe, abantu baffe tebakkiriza."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Holmes|first1=Kristen|last2=Scott|first2=Eugene|title=Obama lectures Kenyan president on gay rights|url=https://www.cnn.com/2015/07/25/politics/obama-kenya-kenyatta/index.html|url-status=live|publisher=CNN|date=25 July 2017|access-date=24 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515205038/https://www.cnn.com/2015/07/25/politics/obama-kenya-kenyatta/index.html|archive-date=15 May 2020}}</ref> Mu Gwekkuminogumu 2008, WikiLeaks yaleeta okumanyibwa okw'ensi yonna mu alipoota ya ''The Cry of Blood'', eraga okutta abamenyi b'amateeka okw'ebweru w'amateeka okwakolebwa poliisi ya Kenya. Mu alipoota eno, ekitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku ddembe ly'obuntu ekya Kenya National Commission on Human Rights (KNCHR) kyawaayo okunoonyereza kwakyo mu kuzuula kwakyo okukulu "e)", nga kigamba nti okubula kw'abantu n'okutta abantu okw'ebweru w'amateeka byalabika ng'ebiragiro bya gavumenti ebyawagirwa abakulembeze b'ebyobufuzi ne poliisi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 September 2008 |title='The Cry of Blood' — Report on Extra-Judicial Killings and Disappearances |url=http://www.ediec.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Kenia/KNCHR_REPORT_ON_POLICE.pdf |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101214044349/http://www.ediec.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Kenia/KNCHR_REPORT_ON_POLICE.pdf |archive-date=14 December 2010 |access-date=29 December 2010 |publisher=[[Kenya National Commission on Human Rights]]/Enforced Disappearances Information Exchange Center}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 April 2017 |title=Was extra-judicial killing of Eastleigh 'thugs' justified? Kenyans divided » Capital News |url=http://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2017/04/was-extra-judicial-killing-of-eastleigh-thugs-justified-kenyans-divided/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170619115319/http://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2017/04/was-extra-judicial-killing-of-eastleigh-thugs-justified-kenyans-divided/ |archive-date=19 June 2017 |access-date=29 June 2017}}</ref> == Eby'enfuna == Eby'enfuna bya Kenya biraze okukulaakulana okw'amaanyi mu myaka egiyise, okusingira ddala okuva mu pulojekiti z'enguudo, egaali y'omukka, eby'entambula ey'omu bbanga n'eku mazzi, awamu n'okusiga ensimbi mu tekinologiya ow'empuliziganya n'okutereka obubaka. Eby'enfuna bya Kenya bye bisinga obunene mu East Africa. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yakulaakulanya eby'enfuna byayo mu bwangu ng'eyita mu kusiga ssente za gavumenti, okukubiriza okulima okw'abalimi abatonotono era n'okuteekawo embeera ennungi ey'okusiga ensimbi mu makolero ag'obwannannyini. Kenya y'esinga okutambuza ebyamaguzi n'ensimbi mu East Africa. Ekitongole ky'ebyensimbi mu Kenya kikola bulungi, kikulaakulanye era kirimu eby'enfuna eby'enjawulo nga kino kye kisinga okubaamu abantu abeeyunira eby'enfuna mu kitundu kino era ne mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kenyan Economy – The National Treasury |url=https://www.treasury.go.ke/kenya-economy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228125720/https://www.treasury.go.ke/kenya-economy/ |archive-date=28 February 2024 |access-date=2024-02-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> Okusiga ensimbi okuva ebweru mu Kenya kusigala nga kunafu nnyoo bw'ogeraageranya n'obunene bw'ebyenfuna byakyo n'omutindo gw'enkulaakulana yaakyo. Mu 2022, omuwendo gwa FDI yonna mu Kenya gwali obuwumbi bwa ddoola za Amerika 10.4, nga kino kikola ebitundu 9.5% byokka ebya GDP y'eggwanga.<ref>{{cite web |title=Foreign direct investment (FDI) in Kenya – International Trade Portal |url=https://www.lloydsbanktrade.com/en/market-potential/kenya/investment |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228125720/https://www.lloydsbanktrade.com/en/market-potential/kenya/investment |archive-date=28 February 2024 |access-date=2024-02-28 |website=www.lloydsbanktrade.com}}</ref> Kenya erina Human Development Index (HDI) ya 0.628 (omutono), ng'eri mu kifo kya 143 ku bifo 193 mu nsi yonna mu 2023. Mu 2022, 25.4% ku Bannakenya baali babeera ku ssente ezitasukka $2.15 buli lunaku. Okusinziira ku bubaka obupya okuva mu 2022, ebitundu 25.4% ku bantu bakosebwa obwavu obw’engeri ez’enjawulo era n’abalala 26.4% nga bali mu katyabaga k’okubufuna. Mu 2017, Kenya yali mu kifo kya 92 mu nsi Banka y'ensi yonna ng'ensi ennyangu okukoleramu bizinesi ng'erinnya okuva mu kifo kya 113 mu 2016 (ku nsi 190).<ref>{{cite web |title=Doing Business in Kenya – World Bank Group |url=http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910125004/http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/kenya |archive-date=10 September 2018 |access-date=14 January 2017 |website=doingbusiness.org}}</ref> Ekitongole ky'ebyobulimi ekikulu ennyo kikozesa abakozi ng'ebitundu 30% ku bakozi bonna.<ref>{{cite web |title=World Bank Open Data |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS?locations=KE |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=World Bank Open Data}}</ref> Kenya etera okutwalibwa ng'akatale ak'omu maaso oba oluusi akatale akavaamu, era y'emu ku nsi ezikyakula. Eby'enfuna birabye okugaziwa okw'amaanyi, nga kino kirabibwa mu nkola ennungi mu by'obulambuzi, eby'enjigiriza ebya waggulu n'eby'empuliziganya era n'ebivaamu ebirungi mu by'obulimi oluvannyuma lw'ekyeya, naddala mu kitongole ky'amajaani ekikulu.<ref name="lcweb2.loc.gov">{{cite web |date=June 2007 |title=Country Profile: Kenya |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Kenya.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505051609/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Kenya.pdf |archive-date=5 May 2015 |access-date=23 April 2011 |website=Federal Research Division |publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref> Eby'enfuna bya Kenya byakula ebitundu ebisukka mu 7% mu 2007, era amabanja gaayo ag'ebweru gaakendeezebwa nnyo.<ref name="lcweb2.loc.gov2">{{cite web |date=June 2007 |title=Country Profile: Kenya |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Kenya.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505051609/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Kenya.pdf |archive-date=5 May 2015 |access-date=23 April 2011 |website=Federal Research Division |publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref> Kino kyakyuka amangu ddala oluvannyuma lw'okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwali okw'okubuusabuusa mu Gwekkumineebiri 2007, oluvannyuma lw'akavuyo akaaliiwo mu ggwanga. Eby'empuliziganya n'ebyensimbi mu myaka ekkumi egiyise kati bye bisinga okukola ebitundu 62% ebya GDP. Ebitundu 22% ebya GDP bikyava mu by'obulimi ebitali bya lubeerera ebikozesa ebitundu 75% eby'abakozi (ekintu ekirabika mu mawanga agakyakula agatannatuuka ku kufuna mmere emala). Ekitundu ky'abantu ekitono ennyo kyesigama ku buyambi bw'emmere.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=Food Assistance Fact Sheet – Kenya |url=https://www.usaid.gov/kenya/food-assistance |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610135707/https://www.usaid.gov/kenya/food-assistance |archive-date=10 June 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016 |website=[[USAID]]}}</ref> Amakolero n'okukola ebintu bye bisinga obutono, nga bikola ebitundu 16% ebya GDP. Eby'obuweereza, amakolero n'okukola ebintu bikozesa abakozi ebitundu 25% byokka naye nga biwa ebitundu 75% ebya GDP.[1] Kenya era etunda ebintu eby'engoye ebisukka mu bukadde bwa ddoola 400 wansi wa AGOA. Okutunda kampuni za gavumenti nga eyali eya Kenya Post and Telecommunications Company, ekyavaamu kkampuni esinga okukola amagoba mu East Africa—Safaricom, kireetedde okuzzaawo kampuni zino olw'okusiga ensimbi okw'amaanyi okw'abantu ssekinnoomu. Mu Gwokutaano 2011, embeera y'ebyenfuna yali nnungi ng'okweyongera kwa GDP kusuubirwa okuba ebitundu 4–5%, okusingira ddala olw'okugaziwa mu by'obulambuzi, eby'empuliziganya, eby'entambula, okuzimba, n'okudda engulu mu by'obulimi. Banka y'Ensi Yonna yateebereza okweyongera kwa 4.3% mu 2012.<ref name="WorldBanki">{{cite web |last=Fengler |first=Wolfgang |date=5 December 2012 |title=Kenya Economic Update |url=http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2012/12/05/energizing-kenya-s-economy-and-creating-quality-jobs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130309030739/http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2012/12/05/energizing-kenya-s-economy-and-creating-quality-jobs |archive-date=9 March 2013 |access-date=29 May 2013 |publisher=The [[World Bank]]}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 1996 ba Pulezidenti ba Kenya, Tanzania, ne Uganda baddamu okutandikawo omukago gwa East African Community (EAC). Ebigendererwa bya EAC mulimu okutereeza emisolo n'ebikwata ku misolo, okutambula kw'abantu awatali kusibibwa n'okutumbula ebintu ebikozesebwa mu kitundu. Mu Gwokusatu 2004, amawanga asatu ag'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika gaassa omukono ku Ndagaano y'omukago gw'omusolo eya Customs Union Agreement. Kenya erina ekitongole ky'ebyensimbi ekikulaakulanye okusinga baliraanwa baayo. Akatale k'emigabo aka Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) ke kali mu kifo eky'okuna mu Afirika mu by'obugagga bw'akatale. Enkola ya banka mu Kenya erabirirwa Banka Enkulu eya Kenya (CBK). Mu Gwomusanvu 2004, enkola eno yalimu banka z'ebyobusuubuzi 43 (nga zino zaali zikendedde okuva ku 48 mu 2001) ne bitongole ebitali bya banka ebiwerako omuli kampuni eziterekera abantu ssente, ebibiina bina ebiteekamu ssente n'okwewola era ne bizinensi nnyingi ezikyusa ssente.<ref name="lcweb2.loc.gov3">{{cite web |date=June 2007 |title=Country Profile: Kenya |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Kenya.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505051609/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Kenya.pdf |archive-date=5 May 2015 |access-date=23 April 2011 |website=Federal Research Division |publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref> Wiiki y'okutandikawo enkola empya mu Kenya eya Kenya Innovation Week (KIW) yatandikibwawo mu 2021, okuva nga 6 Ogwekkumineebiri okutuuka nga 10, 2021, ku Kenya School of Government mu Lower Kabete, Nairobi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya Innovation Week - About |url=https://kenyainnovationweek.com/about |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724013113/https://kenyainnovationweek.com/about |archive-date=24 Jul 2025 |access-date=19 August 2025 |website=kenyainnovationweek.com}}</ref> '''Eby'obulambuzi''' Eby'obulambuzi biyingiza mu Kenya ebitundu nga 6% ku by'enfuna byayo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Travel & Tourism in Kenya Injected KES 1TN to the national economy last year |url=https://wttc.org/news/travel-and-tourism-in-kenya-injected-kes-1tn-to-the-national-economy-last-year |access-date=2025-05-16 |website=wttc.org |language=en-GB}}</ref> Eby'obulambuzi mu Kenya bye bisinga okuvaamu ssente eziva ebweru, nga ziddirirwa ssente eziva mu bantu ababeera ebweru w'eggwanga n'ebyobulimi.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 January 2023 |title=Diaspora remittances now Kenya's largest foreign exchange earner |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/business/kenya-s-diaspora-remittances-rise-to-usd4-027bn-4093616 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227081004/https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/business/kenya-s-diaspora-remittances-rise-to-usd4-027bn-4093616 |archive-date=27 February 2024 |access-date=27 February 2024 |work=The East African}}</ref> Ekitongole kya Kenya Tourism Board kivunaanyizibwa ku kukuuma obubaka obukwata ku by'obulambuzi mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya Tourism Board |url=http://www.ktb.go.ke/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170219014534/http://ktb.go.ke/ |archive-date=19 February 2017 |access-date=2 March 2017 |website=KTB.go.ke}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya Law: January 2017 |url=http://www.kenyalaw.org/klr/index.php?id=811 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130805200519/http://www.kenyalaw.org/klr/index.php?id=811 |archive-date=5 August 2013 |access-date=2 March 2017 |website=KenyaLaw.org}}</ref> Ebintu ebisinga okusikiriza abalambuzi mulimu okulambula ebifo eby'enjawulo nga bayita mu kkuumiro ly'ebisolo 60 n'ebifo ebirala ebikuumibwamu ebisolo. Ebifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo mulimu Maasai Mara Game Reserve, Samburu National Reserve, Solio Game Reserve, Shaba National Reserve, Buffalo Springs National Reserve n'ebirala. Ebintu ebirala ebisikiriza mulimu okusenguka kw'ebisolo ebiyitibwa wildebeest ku Masaai Mara; emizikiti gy'ebyafaayo, n'ebigo ebyazimbibwa mu kiseera ky'amatwale e Mombasa, Malindi, ne Lamu; ebifo ebimanyiddwa ennyo gamba nga olusozi Kenya olweru n'ekiwonvu kya Great Rift Valley; ennimiro z'amajaani e Kericho; ennimiro z'emmwanyi e Thika; okulaba obulungi olusozi Kilimanjaro okusala ensalo okuyingira [[Tanzania]]; n'ebbiici eziri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, mu Indian Ocean. Abalambuzi, abasinga obungi nga bava mu Bugirimaani ne Bungereza, basikirizibwa nnyo ku bbiici eziri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja n'amakuumiro g'ebisolo, okusingira ddala, East ne Tsavo West National Park, 20,808 square kilometres (8,034 sq mi) mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba. '''Eby'obulimi''' Obulimi n'obulunzi kye ky'okubiri mu kuleeta amagoba mu Kenya oluvannyuma lw'ekitongole ky'obuweereza. Mu 2005, obulimi n'obulunzi, nga mw'otwalidde n'ebibira n'okuvuba, byakola ebitundu 24% ebya GDP, awamu n'ebitundu 18% eby'emirimu egisasulwa era ebitundu 50% eby'ensimbi eziva mu by'amaguzi ebifulumizibwa ebweru w'eggwanga. Ebirime ebikulu ebivaamu ssente z'amajaani, ebirime ebirimibwa mu nnimiro, ne kaawa. Ebirime ebirimibwa mu nnimiro y'amajaani bye bitundu ebisinga okukula era nga byombi bye bisinga okuba eby'omuwendo mu byonna eby'ebweru bya Kenya. Okulima emmere enkulu nga kasooli kusinziira ku nkyukakyuka y'obudde. Okukendeera kw'ebirime ebivaamu emmere kitera okwetaagisa obuyambi bw'emmere—okugeza mu 2004, olw'ekimu ku kyeya kya Kenya ekitera okubaawo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2005 |title=Drought leaves two million Kenyans in need of food aid |url=http://wfp.org/news/news-release/drought-leaves-two-million-kenyans-need-food-aid |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814052428/http://www.wfp.org/news/news-release/drought-leaves-two-million-kenyans-need-food-aid |archive-date=14 August 2016 |access-date=5 August 2016 |website=United Nations World Food Programme}}</ref> Ekitongole ekikulemberwa International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) kifunye obuwanguzi obumu mu kuyamba abalimi okulima empiinamiti mu kifo kya kasooli naddala mu bitundu ebikalu. Empiinamiti ky'ekimera ekisobola okusimattuka embeera y'ekyeya, n'olwekyo asobola okulimibwa mu bitundu ebifuna enkuba etali waggulu wa mmiliita 650 (inchi 26) buli mwaka. Pulojekiti ez'enkizo zikubirizza okutunda ebimera eby'ensigo nga zikubiriza okukulaakulanya ensigo ez'omu kitundu n'obukolagano bw'abalimi n'abasuubuzi okugaba n'okutunda. Omulimu guno, ogwazingiramu okugatta abalimi ku batunda ebintu mu bungi, kyayamba okwongeza emiwendo gy'abalimi mu kitundu ekyo ebitundu 20–25% mu Nairobi ne Mombasa. Okutunda empinnamiti kisobozesa abalimi abamu okugula ebintu eby'enjawulo okuva ku masimu ag'omu ngalo okutuuka ku ttaka n'ebisolo, era kibagguliddewo emikisa okuva mu bwavu.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140718193632/http://exploreit.icrisat.org/page/eastern_and_southern_africa/887/329 Pigeonpea in Eastern and Southern Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718193632/http://exploreit.icrisat.org/page/eastern_and_southern_africa/887/329|date=18 July 2014}}. [[ICRISAT]] Posted 10 October 2012. Downloaded 26 January 2014.</ref> Amajaani, kaawa, ekigooggwa, senturuma, kasooli, ne ŋŋaano birimibwa mu bitundu eby'obusozi ebirimu ettaka eggimu, ekimu ku bitundu ebisinga okulimibwamu mu Afirika.<ref name=":03">{{cite book |author=CIA |year=2010 |title=The World Factbook |publisher=Potomac Books, Inc. |isbn=978-1-59797-541-4 |page=336}}</ref> Okulunda ebisolo kwe kukulembera mu savanna eri mu Bukiikakkono n'Ebuvanjuba. Kooko, ennaanansi, ppamba, ebikajjo, senturuma, ne kasooli birimibwa mu bitundu ebiri ku madaala aga wansi. Kenya tennatuuka ku mutindo gw’okusiga ensimbi n’okukola obulungi mu by'obulimi n’obulunzi ebiyinza okukakasa obukuumi bw’emmere, era nga kino kigattiddwako obwavu obuvaamu (abantu 53 ku buli kikumi babeera wansi w’omutindo gw’obwavu), ekitundu ky’abantu kinene buli kiseera kifa njala era nga kyesigama nnyo ku buyambi bw’emmere.<ref name=":12">{{cite web |title=Food Assistance Fact Sheet – Kenya |url=https://www.usaid.gov/kenya/food-assistance |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610135707/https://www.usaid.gov/kenya/food-assistance |archive-date=10 June 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016 |website=[[USAID]]}}</ref> Enguudo embi, entambula y’eggaali y’omukka etatuukiridde, entambula y’oku mazzi etakozesebwa bulungi, n’entambula y’ennyonyi ey’ebbeeyi ebasudde ebitundu ebisinga obukalu n’ebitali bya nkalakkalira, era abalimi mu bitundu ebirala emirundi mingi basuula emmere mu nnimiro kubanga tebasobola kutuuka ku butale. Kino kyasembyeyo okulabibwa mu Gwomunaana ne mu Gwomwenda 2011, ne kireetera abantu ba Kenya okutandikawo enteekateeka ya Kenya for Kenya eyakolebwa ekitongole kya Red Cross.<ref>[http://conferences.ifpri.org/2020africaconference/program/day1summaries/kinyua.pdf Towards Achieving Food Security in Kenya] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126003110/http://conferences.ifpri.org/2020africaconference/program/day1summaries/kinyua.pdf|date=26 January 2012}}. Joseph Kinyua, Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture, Kenya; 1 April 2004, Kampala, Uganda</ref> Eby'okufukirira mu Kenya bigabanyizibwamu ebika by'entegeka bisatu: entegeka entonotono ez'abalimi kinnoomu, entegeka za gavumenti eziddukanyizibwa wakati, n'entegeka z'obwannannyini/ezikola bizinensi ez'okufukirira. Enteekateeka z'okufukirira ez'abalimi abatono zibeera za bantu kinnoomu oba ebibinja by'abalimi abakola ng'abakozesa amazzi oba ebibinja eby'eyamba saako n'okwewanirira. Okufukirira kukolebwa ku faamu z'abantu kinnoomu oba ku faamu z'ebibinja nga buli emu eba ya 0.1–0.4 ha. Waliwo enteekateeka z'okufukirira ez'abalimi abatono nga 3,000 ezibikka ettaka lya 47,000 ha. Eggwanga lirina enkola ennene musanvu ezifukirira, ezikolebwa mu makkati, nga ze Mwea, Bura, Hola, Perkera, West Kano, Bunyala, ne Ahero, nga zikwata ku ttaka lya yiika 18,200 era nga buli nkola ekwata ku yiika 2,600. Enkola zino ziddukanyizibwa National Irrigation Board era nga ze zisinga okufukirira ettaka mu Kenya ebitundu 18%. Ffaamu z'obwannannyini ez'amaanyi ezikolerwamu eby'obusuubuzi zirimu yiika 45,000, nga ze zikola ebitundu 40% eby'ettaka erifukirirwa. Zikozesa tekinologiya ow'amaanyi era ne zivaamu ebirime eby'omuwendo ennyo eby'okutunda ebweru w'eggwanga, naddala ebimuli n'enva endiirwa.<ref>Republic of Kenya, Ministry of Water and Irrigation (2009) ''National Irrigation and Drainage Policy'':3–4.</ref> Kenya y'ensi ey'okusatu mu nsi yonna mu kutunda ebimuli ebisaliddwa ebweru w'eggwanga.<ref name="kenya-flower-industry">{{Cite web |last=Veselinovic |first=Milena |date=16 March 2015 |title=Got roses this Valentine's Day? They probably came from Kenya |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/16/africa/kenya-flower-industry/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160714194025/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/16/africa/kenya-flower-industry/ |archive-date=14 July 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> Kumpi ekitundu kimu kyakubiri ku faamu z'ebimuli 127 mu Kenya zisangibwa okumpi n'Ennyanja Naivasha, kilomita 90 mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bwa Nairobi.<ref name="kenya-flower-industry" /> Okwanguya okutunda kwabwe ebweru w'eggwanga, ekisaawe ky'ennyonyi ekya Nairobi kirina ekifo ekikola ku ntambuza y'ebimuli n'enva endiirwa.<ref name="kenya-flower-industry" /> '''Amakolero n'okufulumya ebintu''' Wadde nga Kenya nsi eri ku ddaala erya wansi mu by'enfuna, eby'amakolero bitwala ebitundu 14% ebya GDP, ng'emirimu gy'amakolero gikolebwa mu bibuga ebisatu ebisinga obunene, Nairobi, Mombasa, ne Kisumu, era nga gisinga kutwalibwa makolero agakola emmere nga okusa emmere, okukola omwenge, okusiba omuwemba, n'okukola ebintu ebyettanirwa abantu, gamba nga emmotoka okuva mu bitundutundu. Kenya nayo erina amakolero agakola seminti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 September 2015 |title=Cement production keeps pace with growing demand |url=http://www.constructionkenya.com/2431/kenya-cement-industry-outlook/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513234924/http://www.constructionkenya.com/2431/kenya-cement-industry-outlook/ |archive-date=13 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016 |website=Construction Business Review}}</ref> Kenya erina ekkolero ly'amafuta erikola ku mafuta agaleetebwa okuva ebweru okugafuula ebintu ebikolebwamu amafuta, okusingira ddala okukozesebwa mu ggwanga. Okugatta ku ekyo, ekitongole ekitali mu butongole ekimanyiddwa nga jua kali kikola ebintu ebitonotono mu maka, ebitundu by'emmotoka, n'ebyuma ebikozesebwa mu kulima.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2 August 2005 |title=Kenya: Employers' organizations taking the lead on linking the informal sector to formal Kenyan enterprises |url=http://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/features/WCMS_075529/lang--en/index.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605021700/http://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/features/WCMS_075529/lang--en/index.htm |archive-date=5 June 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016 |website=ilo.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 November 2015 |title=Jua Kali sector plays key role in economic development and job creation |url=http://www.mygov.go.ke/?p=5038 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610135631/http://www.mygov.go.ke/?p=5038 |archive-date=10 June 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016 |website=MyGov}}</ref> Okuteeka Kenya mu abo abaganyulwa mu tteeka lya Gavumenti ya Amerika erya African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) kiyambye nnyo mu by'amakolero mu myaka egyakayita. Okuva AGOA lwe yatandika mu 2000, Kenya bye yatunda mu ngoye mu United States by'eyongera okuva ku bukadde bwa ddoola 44 okutuuka ku bukadde bwa ddoola 270 (2006).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kamau |first=Pithon |title=Industry |url=http://www.brandkenya.go.ke/2012-12-16-16-05-26/75-industry |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604180631/http://www.brandkenya.go.ke/2012-12-16-16-05-26/75-industry |archive-date=4 June 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016 |website=Brand Kenya Board}}</ref> Enteekateeka endala ez'okunyweza eby'okukola ebintu mwe muli enkola ya gavumenti empya ey'okusonyiwa omusolo, omuli n'okuggyawo omusolo ku byuma ebikozesebwa mu makolero n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa mu kukola ebintu..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kenya |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/e/eb/rls/othr/ics/2010/138092.htm?goMobile=0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803022046/https://2009-2017.state.gov/e/eb/rls/othr/ics/2010/138092.htm?goMobile=0 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |access-date=10 June 2016}}</ref> Mu 2023, Kenya eri mu nteekateeka y'okuzimba paaka z'amakolero ttaano ezijja okukola nga tezisasula misolo, nga zisuubirwa okumalirizibwa mu 2030. Waliwo ebigendererwa by'okukulaakulanya paaka endala 20 ez'amakolero mu biseera eby'omu maaso.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2024-01-02|title=How to get rich in the 21st century|newspaper=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/finance-and-economics/2024/01/02/how-to-get-rich-in-the-21st-century|access-date=2024-01-03|issn=0013-0613|archive-date=3 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240103101233/https://www.economist.com/finance-and-economics/2024/01/02/how-to-get-rich-in-the-21st-century|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Eby'entambula''' Amakubo g'emmotoka aga Trans-African abiri gayita mu Kenya okuli: Cairo-Cape Town Highway ne Lagos-Mombasa Highway, n'olwekyo eggwanga lirina enguudo ez'amaanyi omuli ennime/ enkole saako n'ezo ezitali nnime oba nkole. Enkola y'eggaali y'omukka mu Kenya ekwataganya emikutu gy'oku mwalo n'ebibuga ebikulu, nga kigigatta ku muliraano [[Uganda]]. Waliwo ebisaawe by'ennyonyi 15 ebirina enguudo enkole/ enzimbe. '''Amasanyalaze''' [[File:Worker in Olkaria Kenya.jpg|thumb|Abakozi b'amasanyalaze ku Olkaria Geothermal Power Plant]] kitundu ekisinga obunene eky'amasannyalaze ga Kenya kiva mu ttaka,,<ref>[https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-tools/energy-statistics-data-browser?country=KENYA&fuel=Energy%20supply&indicator=ElecGenByFuel Electricity in Kenya] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811133300/https://www.iea.org/statistics/statisticssearch/report/?country=Kenya&product=electricityandheat|date=2015}}. IEA 2014</ref> ne kigobererwa amasannyalaze g'amasannyalaze agakolebwa mu mazzi g'omugga Tana ogw'omu Bukiikakkono, awamu ne Turkwel Gorge Dam mu Bugwanjuba. Ekkolero ly'amafuta agookya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja, ebifo ebikozesa amasannyalaze g'omu ttaka mu Olkaria (okumpi ne Nairobi), n'amasannyalaze agaleetebwa okuva e Uganda bye bikola ekitundu ekisigaddeyo. Oluguudo lw'amasannyalaze olwa MW 2,000 okuva e Ethiopia lwamalirizibwa mu 2022. E Kenya obusobozi obuteereddwawo bweyongera okuva ku megawatts 1,142 wakati wa 2001 ne 2003 okutuuka ku 2,341 mu 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Peak Demands – Summary of Electricity Sub Sector Statistics |url=http://energy.go.ke/?p=510 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207063902/http://energy.go.ke/?p=510 |archive-date=7 December 2019 |access-date=11 November 2019 |publisher=Kenya Ministry of Energy}}</ref> Ekitongole kya gavumenti ekya Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen), ekyatandikibwawo mu 1997 nga kiyitibwa Kenya Power Company, kye kikola ku kukola amasannyalaze, Kenya Electricity Transmission Company kikola ku kusaasaanya amasannyalaze ate Kenya Power and Lighting ekola ku kusaasaanya amasannyalaze mu ggwanga. Ebbula ly'amasannyalaze libaawo buli luvannyuma lw'ekiseera, ekyeya bwe kikendeeza ku ntambula y'amazzi. Okusobola okufuna amasannyalaze agamala, Kenya etaddewo amasannyalaze g'empewo n'amasannyalaze g'enjuba (buli limu lya MW 300), era erina ekiruubirirwa eky'okuzimba ekkolero ly'amasannyalaze ga nukiriya mu 2027.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 December 2017 |title=Kenya plans nuclear plant by 2027 |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Kenya-plans-to-set-up-nuclear-plant-by-2027/2560-4215876-14gd00jz/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227121952/http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Kenya-plans-to-set-up-nuclear-plant-by-2027/2560-4215876-14gd00jz/index.html |archive-date=27 December 2017 |access-date=26 December 2017 |website=The East African |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>McGregor, Sarah (20 September 2010) [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-09-20/kenya-aims-to-build-a-nuclear-power-plant-by-2017-minister-nyoike-says.html Kenya Aims to Build a Nuclear Power Plant by 2017] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131115140634/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-09-20/kenya-aims-to-build-a-nuclear-power-plant-by-2017-minister-nyoike-says.html|date=15 November 2013}}. Bloomberg L.P.</ref> Kenya erina amafuta agakakasiddwa mu Turkana. Tullow Oil eteebereza nti amafuta agali mu ggwanga gali mu bipipa kumpi akawumbi kamu.<ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-08-19/kenya-from-nowhere-plans-east-africa-s-first-oil-exports-energy.html Kenya From Nowhere Plans East Africa's First Oil Exports: Energy] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725035553/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-08-19/kenya-from-nowhere-plans-east-africa-s-first-oil-exports-energy.html|date=25 July 2014}}. Bloomberg L.P.</ref> Okunoonyereza kukyagenda mu maaso okulaba oba nga waliwo amafuta amalala. Kenya mu kiseera kino egula amafuta gonna aga crude petroleum ge yeetaaga. Okuva mu 2013 gavumenti yasalawo okugula amafuta aga white petroleum agakoleddwa. Kenya Pipeline Company y'ekitongole kya gavumenti ekivunaanyizibwa ku kutereka n'okutambuza amafuta ga white petroleum. Ekitongole ekitambuza amafuta ekya Kenya Pipeline Company ye parastatal eya gavumenti ng'erina obuvunaanyizibwa bw'okutereka n'okutambuza amafuta ameeru. Gye buvuddeko awo gavumenti yagiggyako obwannannyini nga gavumenti erina omugabo mitono. Kenya terina tterekero lya mafuta era yeesigama ku bitongole ebikola ku by'amafuta ebyatereka amafuta agamala ennaku 21 nga kino kyetaagisa mu mateeka g'amakolero. Amafuta gakola ebitundu 20%-ku-25% ku by'amaguzi byonna ebigulibwa okuva ebweru w'eggwanga.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120619062331/http://af.reuters.com/article/investingNews/idAFJOE74J0F220110520?pageNumber=1&virtualBrandChannel=0 Kenya plans strategic oil reserve]. Reuters (10 November 2011).</ref> '''Ba musiga nsimbi aba China n'obusuubuzi''' Ebyafulumizibwa ku mukutu gwa Capital FM owa Kenya nga byawandiikibwa Liu Guangyuan, omubaka wa China mu Kenya, mu kiseera Pulezidenti Kenyatta we yagendera e Beijing mu 2013, byagamba nti, "Okusiga ensimbi kwa China mu Kenya ... kwatuuka ku bukadde bwa ddoola 474, nga kino kye kyali ensibuko y'okusiga ensimbi okuva ebweru eyali esinga obunene mu Kenya, era ... eby'obusuubuzi wakati w'amawanga gombi ... byatuuka ku bukadde bwa ddoola 2.84" mu 2012. Kenyatta yali "awerekeddwa abasuubuzi ba Kenya 60 [era nga yali asuubira] ... okufuna obuwagizi okuva mu China ku nteekateeka y'eggaali y'omukka eya ddoola obuwumbi 2.5 okuva ku mwalo gw'e Mombasa mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Kenya okutuuka ku Uganda ey'oku muliraano, awamu ne daamu ya ddoola obuwumbi 1.8", okusinziira ku kiwandiiko okuva mu ofiisi ya pulezidenti, era mu kiseera ky'olugendo luno.<ref name="wp01" /> Base Titanium, ekitongole ekya Base Resources eky'omu Australia, kyasindika mu China ebintu byakyo eby'omuwendo ebisooka. Tani nga 25,000 eza ilmenite zaasimbula okuva mu kibuga ky'e Kenya ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ekiyitibwa Kilifi. Ebintu ebyasooka okuleetebwa ku mwalo byali bisuubirwa okuvaamu ssente za Kenya eziri mu buwumbi bwa KSh.15–20/= mu magoba.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Jackson Okoth |last2=Philip Mwakio |date=14 February 2014 |title=Standard Digital News : : Business – Kenya joins mineral exporters as first titanium cargo leaves port |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/business/article/2000104631/kenya-joins-mineral-exporters-as-first-titanium-cargo-leaves-port |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128083340/http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/business/article/2000104631/kenya-joins-mineral-exporters-as-first-titanium-cargo-leaves-port |archive-date=28 January 2015 |access-date=15 February 2015 |website=Standard Digital News}}</ref> Mu 2014, pulojekiti y'eggaali y'omukka eya China okuva e Nairobi okutuuka e Mombasa yayimirizibwa olw'obutakkaanya ku kusasula/ okuliyirira abantu bannanyini ettaka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shem Oirere |date=23 October 2014 |title=Construction of Kenyan standard-gauge line suspended |url=http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/africa/construction-of-kenyan-standard-gauge-line-suspended.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150129170952/http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/africa/construction-of-kenyan-standard-gauge-line-suspended.html |archive-date=29 January 2015 |access-date=15 February 2015}}</ref> '''Vision 2030''' Mu 2007, gavumenti ya Kenya yatongoza Vision 2030, enteekateeka y'enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna gy'esuubira okuteeka eggwanga mu kifo kye kimu n'Amawanga ga Asia ag'eby'enfuna ag'amaanyi mu 2030. Mu 2013, yatongoza National Climate Change Action Plan, oluvannyuma lw'okukkiriza nti okubuusa amaaso embeera y'obudde ng'ensonga enkulu mu Vision 2030 kyali kibulamu. Enteekateeka eno ey'empapula 200, eyakolebwa n'obuyambi okuva mu Climate & Development Knowledge Network, eteekawo okwolesebwa kwa Gavumenti ya Kenya ku nkulaakulana ey'engeri y'okukendeeza ku kaboni mu ngeri ey'obuvunaanyizibwa ku mbeera y'obudde. Mu kutongoza mu Gwokusatu 2013, Omuwandiisi wa Minisitule y’Enteekateeka, Enkulaakulana ey’Eggwanga, ne Vision 2030 yaggumiza nti embeera y’obudde yandibadde nsonga nkulu mu nteekateeka ya Medium-Term eyali egenda okutongozebwa mu myezi egigenda okujja. Kino kyandireeseewo enkola ennungi ey’okutuusa ku bantu enteekateeka ey’Ebikolwa era ne kikakasa nti enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y’obudde ekwatibwa ng’ensonga ekwata ku by'enfuna byonna..<ref>[http://cdkn.org/2013/03/news-kenyas-national-climate-change-action-plan-is-officially-launched/ NEWS: Kenya's National Climate Change Action Plan is officially launched] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514075422/http://cdkn.org/2013/03/news-kenyas-national-climate-change-action-plan-is-officially-launched/|date=14 May 2013}}, Climate & Development Knowledge Network, 28 March 2013</ref> Ate era, Kenya yaweereza NDC ey’omulembe, eyalimu ebiruubirirwa eby’amaanyi nga 24 Ogwekkumineebiri 2020, ng’erimu okweyama okukendeeza ku gasi ezitega olubugumu ku nsi ebitundu 32 ku buli kikumi mu 2030 bw’ogeraageranya n’embeera eya bulijjo era ng’ekwatagana n’enteekateeka yaayo ey’enkulaakulana ey’olubeerera n’embeera zaayo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya Climate Change Country Profile |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/resources/kenya-climate-change-country-profile |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231230420/https://www.climatelinks.org/resources/kenya-climate-change-country-profile |archive-date=31 December 2021 |access-date=2022-04-14 |website=climatelinks.org}}</ref> '''Okuvumbula amafuta''' Kenya ezuddeyo amafuta mu Ssaza lye Turkana. Pulezidenti Mwai Kibaki yalangirira nga 26 Ogwokusatu 2012 nti kampuni ya Tullow Oil, ey'Abangereza n'Abayiruki abanoonyereza ku mafuta, yali ezuddeyo amafuta, naye obusobozi bwago okuvaamu ssente n'okugakozesa byali byakutwala emyaka nga esatu okukakasibwa.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-17513488 Kenya oil discovery after Tullow Oil drilling] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318140249/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-17513488|date=18 March 2018}}. BBC News. 26 March 2012.</ref> Ku ntandikwa ya 2006, pulezidenti wa China Hu Jintao yassa omukono ku ndagaano y'okunoonyereza ku mafuta ne Kenya, nga kino kye kimu ku by'obusuubuzi ebyakolebwa okusobozesa eby'obugagga bya Afirika okugenda mu maaso okuweereza China eyali egaziya ennyo mu by'enfuna. Endagaano eno yakkiriza kampuni ya China eya CNOOC okusima amafuta mu Kenya, era nga kino kyali kitandika okusima amafuta mu bitundu bya Sudan n'ekitundu ekiriko enkaayana mu North Eastern Province, ku nsalo ne Somalia n'ebitundu ebiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Waliwo okuteebereza okw'ekikugu okukwata ku bungi bw'amafuta agasobola okuzuulibwa.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Barber|first1=Lionel|last2=England|first2=Andrew|date=10 August 2006|title=China's scramble for Africa finds a welcome in Kenya|work=Financial Times|url=https://www.ft.com/content/a51a39d2-280c-11db-b25c-0000779e2340|url-status=live|access-date=27 June 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100513072549/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/a51a39d2-280c-11db-b25c-0000779e2340.html|archive-date=13 May 2010}}</ref> '''Ebikolwa by'okulwanyisa okwonoona obutonde bw'ensi''' Mu 2017, Kenya yawera obuveera obukozesebwa omulundi ogumu. Okusinziira ku kitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku butonde bw'ensi, ebitundu 80% eby'abantu bagondera etteeka/okuwera kuno. Oluvannyuma, mu 2020, okuwera obuveera obukozesebwa omulundi ogumu kwa yongezebwayo mu bifo ebikuumibwa, omuli ebibira n'amakuumiro g'ebisolo.<ref name=":4">{{cite news|last=Kimeu|first=Caroline|date=2023-05-30|title=After a plastic bag ban, Kenya takes another shot at its pollution problem|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2023/may/30/kenya-wrestles-with-its-plastic-pollution-problem|access-date=2023-10-06|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=18 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180647/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2023/may/30/kenya-wrestles-with-its-plastic-pollution-problem|url-status=live}}</ref> tteeka eryayisibwa mu Gwomusanvu 2023 liragira kampuni okukendeeza ku bucaafu n’okukosa obutonde bw’ensi ebiva mu bintu bye baleeta mu katale ka Kenya, kinnoomu oba nga bayita mu nteekateeka ez’awamu. Obutafaananako n’ebyakolebwa emabega, bizinensi kati zirina okw'enyigira mu nteekateeka ez’okukungaanya kasasiro n’okuddamu okukozesa ebintu, gamba nga enteekateeka ya Petco eyassibwawo gavumenti mu 2018.<ref name=":4" /> '''Emirimu n'abakozi''' Kenya erina abakozi obukadde nga 24 n'omuwendo gw'abakola ogw'awamu gwa 74%, omuwendo gw'abatalina mirimu mu 2022 gwateeberezebwa okubeera ku biundu 5.6%<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Bank Open Data |url=https://data.worldbank.org/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526025607/https://data.worldbank.org/ |archive-date=26 May 2023 |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=World Bank Open Data}}</ref> Okusinziira ku alipoota ya Banka y'Ensi Yonna eya 2019 Human Capital Index (HCI), eyapima obusobozi bw'abantu mu mulembe oguddako, Kenya yali esinga mu mawanga agali mu Sub-Saharan Africa n'obubonero bwa HCI obwa 0.52. Alipoota eno yagatta wamu ebintu eby'enjawulo ebikulu, omuli okusoma, okutaasa abaana, omutindo gw'okusoma, okukula obulungi n'okuwangaala kw'abantu abakulu mu alipoota emu eri wakati wa 0–1.<ref>{{cite web |date=2020-12-21 |title=Kenya beats sub-Saharan Africa peers in World Bank global human capital index |url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/data-hub/kenya-beats-sub-saharan-africa-peers-in-world-bank-global-human-capital-index-2254280 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401153950/https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/data-hub/kenya-beats-sub-saharan-africa-peers-in-world-bank-global-human-capital-index-2254280 |archive-date=1 April 2024 |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=Business Daily}}</ref> '''Bbanka eziwola ensimbi''' Ebitongole ebisukka mu 20 biwa looni z'ebyobusuubuzi ku kigero ekinene, looni z'ebyobulimi, looni z'ebyenjigiriza, ne looni ez'ebigendererwa ebirala. Okwongereza ku ekyo, waliwo: * looni ez'amangu, ezisingako okuba ez'ebbeeyi mu kigero ky'amagoba, naye nga zifunika mangu * looni z'ebibinja ebitono (abali wakati wa bana ne bataano) n'ebibinja ebinene (okutuuka ku bantu 30) * looni z'abakyala, nga nazo zisobola okufunibwa ne mu bibinja by'abakyala Mu bantu abali mu bukadde nga 40 mu Kenya, obukadde nga 14 tebasobola kufuna buweereza bwa byanfuna okuyitira mu kusaba kw'okwewola mu butongole, ate obukadde obulala 12 tebalina we bayinza kufuna buweereza bwe by'enfuna. Okugatta ku ekyo, Bannakenya akakadde 1 be beesigama ku bibinja ebitali bya bitongole okufuna obuyambi mu by'enfuna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kenya |url=http://mfi-upgrading-initiative.org/000001985b0d93482/00000198660ae2e07/032d539c050945b02/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603203238/http://www.mfi-upgrading-initiative.org/000001985b0d93482/00000198660ae2e07/032d539c050945b02/index.html |archive-date=3 June 2013 |access-date=25 September 2015 |website=MFI Upgrading and Rating Initiative of the Development Bank of Austria}}</ref> Okusobola okukendeeza ku kizibu kino, enkola ya mobile banking service M-Pesa yatandikibwawo mu 2007 Vodafone ne Safaricom, nga bakolera wamu okuva mu Financial Deepening Challenge Fund competition eyatandikibwawo ekitongole kya UK government's Department for International Development. M-Pesa esobozesa abagikozesa okuteekako ssente, okuggyayo ssente, okusindika ssente, okusasula ebintu n’obuweereza (Lipa na M-Pesa), okufuna looni n’okutereka, byonna nga bakozesa masimu,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Saylor |first=Michael |year=2012 |title=The Mobile Wave: How Mobile Intelligence Will Change Everything |url=https://archive.org/details/mobilewavehowmob0000sayl |publisher=Perseus Books/Vanguard Press |isbn=978-1593157203 |page=202; 304 |url-access=registration}}</ref> esobozesezza obukadde n’obukadde bw’Abakenya abali mu mbeera y’obwavu okufuna enkola za digito.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tavneet Suri, and |first=William Jack |date=2016 |title=The Long-run Poverty and Gender Impacts of Mobile Money |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_science_2016-12-09_354_6317/page/1288 |journal=Science |volume=354 |issue=6317 |pages=1288–1292 |bibcode=2016Sci...354.1288S |doi=10.1126/science.aah5309 |pmid=27940873 |s2cid=42992837}}</ref> == Ebibalo by'abantu == Okubala abantu okwakolebwa ekitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku kubala abantu ekya [[Kenya National Bureau of Statistics]] mu 2019 kwategeeza nti omuwendo gw'abantu mu Kenya guli 47,564,296.<ref name=":2" /> Eggwanga lirina abantu abakyali abato, nga ebitundu 73% ku batuuze bali wansi w'emyaka 30 olw'okweyongera kw'omuwendo gw'abantu okw'amangu,<ref>"[https://www.csmonitor.com/2008/0114/p17s01-wmgn.html Why a new president may slow population growth] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215203953/http://www.csmonitor.com/2008/0114/p17s01-wmgn.html|date=15 February 2009}}". ''The Christian Science Monitor''. 14 January 2008.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zinkina J. |last2=Korotayev A. |year=2014 |title=Explosive Population Growth in Tropical Africa: Crucial Omission in Development Forecasts (Emerging Risks and Way Out) |url=https://www.academia.edu/6823642 |url-status=live |journal=World Futures |volume=70 |issue=2 |pages=120–139 |citeseerx=10.1.1.691.8612 |doi=10.1080/02604027.2014.894868 |s2cid=53051943 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200646/https://www.academia.edu/6823642 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=11 January 2020}}</ref> okuva ku bukadde 2.9 okutuuka ku bantu 40 mu kyasa ekiyise.<ref>"[https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/17/opinion/17iht-edheinsohn.1.9292632.html Exploding population] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715084143/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/17/opinion/17iht-edheinsohn.1.9292632.html|date=15 July 2014}}". ''The New York Times''. 7 January 2008.</ref> Nairobi maka eri Kibera, ekimu ku bitundu ebisinga okubeeramu abantu abangi mu nsi yonna. Ekibuga kino kirimu obuyumba obubi ennyo kigambibwa okubeeramu abantu wakati wa 170,000<ref name="nation1">{{cite news|last=Karanja|first=Muchiri|date=3 September 2010|title=Myth shattered: Kibera numbers fail to add up|work=[[Daily Nation]]|url=http://www.nation.co.ke/News/Kibera%20numbers%20fail%20to%20add%20up/-/1056/1003404/-/13ga38xz/-/index.html|url-status=live|access-date=4 September 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206103830/https://www.nation.co.ke/News/Kibera%20numbers%20fail%20to%20add%20up/-/1056/1003404/-/13ga38xz/-/index.html|archive-date=6 December 2018}}</ref> ne 1,000,000.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 March 2010 |title=World Water Day Focus on Global Sewage Flood |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/03/100322/swimming-in-sewage-for-world-water-day/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120115082027/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/03/100322/swimming-in-sewage-for-world-water-day/ |archive-date=15 January 2012 |access-date=10 February 2012 |website=National Geographic}}</ref> Ekitebe kya UNHCR mu Dadaab mu Bukiikakkono kirimu abantu nga 500,000.<ref name="DadaabPop">[http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/search?page=search&docid=4e579df59&query=dadaab The UN Refugee Agency] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111223114925/http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/search?page=search&docid=4e579df59&query=dadaab|date=23 December 2011}}. Unhcr.org.</ref> '''Embu z'abantu''' Kenya erimu abantu ab'enjawulo abazingiramu abangi ku bika by'abantu ebikulu mu Afirika n'ennimi. Wadde nga tewali lukalala lwa butongole olw'ebika bya Bannakenya, omuwendo gw'ebika by'abantu n'ebibinja ebirala ebisengekeddwa mu kubala abantu mu ggwanga lino gukyuse nnyo mu bbanga, nga gweyongedde okuva ku 42 mu 1969 okutuuka ku 120 mu 2019.<ref name="Balaton-Chrimes2020">{{cite journal |last=Balaton-Chrimes |first=Samantha |year=2020 |title=Who are Kenya's 42(+) tribes? The census and the political utility of magical uncertainty |journal=Journal of Eastern African Studies |volume=15 |pages=43–62 |doi=10.1080/17531055.2020.1863642 |issn=1753-1055 |s2cid=231681524 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abatuuze abasinga ba Bantus (60%) oba Nilotes (30%).<ref name="Asongumarr">{{cite book |last1=Asongu, J.J. |year=2007 |title=Doing Business Abroad: A Handbook for Expatriates |last2=Marr, Marvee |publisher=Greenview Publishing Co. |isbn=978-0-9797976-3-7 |pages=12, 112}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu kika kya Cushitic nabo bakola akatundu katono ku bantu abasinga obutono, nga bwe kiri ku Bawalabu, Abayindi, n'Abazungu.<ref name="Asongumarr" /><ref name="Okothndaloh">{{cite book |title=Peak Revision K.C.P.E. Social Studies |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=bfT2njyPThgC|page=60}} |publisher=East African Publishers |isbn=9789966254504}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku kubala emiwendo gy'abantu ekya Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS), amawanga agaali gasinga obunene mu 2019 gaali Kikuyu (8,148,668), Luhya (6,823,842), Kalenjin (6,358,113), Luo (5,066,966), Kamba (4,663,910), Somali (2,780,502), Kisii (2,703,235), Mijikenda (2,488,691), Meru (1,975,869), Maasai (1,189,522), ne Turkana (1,016,174). Ekitundu ky'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Kenya, ekyali kimanyiddwa nga NFD, kisingamu Basomali. Abantu abava mu mawanga amalala mulimu Abawalabu, Abaasiya, n’Abazungu. '''Ennimi''' Amawanga ga Kenya gatera okwogera ennimi zaabwe ez'obuzaaliranwa mu bitundu byabwe. Ennimi ebbiri ezikozesebwa mu butongole, Olungereza n'Oluswayiri, zikozesebwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo okuwuliziganya n'abantu abalala. Olungereza lusinga kwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi, mu masomero, ne mu gavumenti.<ref name="Cugrwed">{{cite book |last=Proquest Info & Learning (COR) |year=2009 |title=Culturegrams: World Edition |isbn=978-0-9778091-6-5 |page=98}}</ref> Abantu ababeera okumpi n'ebibuga ne mu byalo tebatera kwogera nnimi nnyingi, ng'abasinga mu byalo boogera nnimi zaabwe ez'obuzaaliranwa zokka.<ref name="Broassim">{{cite book |last1=Brown, E.K. |year=2006 |title=Encyclopedia of language & linguistics, Volume 1, Edition 2 |last2=Asher, R.E. |last3=Simpson, J.M.Y. |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-0-08-044299-0 |page=181}}</ref> Olungereza olw'Abangereza lusinga kukozesebwa mu Kenya. Okwongereza ku ekyo, olulimi olw'omu kitundu olw'enjawulo, Olungereza olw'omu Kenya, lukozesebwa ebitundu ebimu mu ggwanga, era lulimu ebintu eby'enjawulo ebyava mu nnimi z'Abantu ab'omu kitundu nga Kiswahili ne Kikuyu.<ref name="Cliike">{{cite web |last=Nyaggah |first=Lynette Behm |title=Cross-linguistic influence in Kenyan English: The impact of Swahili and Kikuyu on syntax |url=http://phdtree.org/pdf/24677752-cross-linguistic-influence-in-kenyan-english-the-impact-of-swahili-and-kikuyu-on-syntax/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226102504/http://phdtree.org/pdf/24677752-cross-linguistic-influence-in-kenyan-english-the-impact-of-swahili-and-kikuyu-on-syntax/ |archive-date=26 December 2016 |access-date=8 August 2014 |publisher=University of California}}</ref> Lwali lukulaakulana okuva mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale era lulimu ebintu ebimu ebiri mu Lungereza olw'omu Amerika. Lubadde lukulaakulana okuva mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale era lulimu n'ebintu ebimu ebiri mu Lungereza lwa Amerika. Mu Gwoluberyeberye 2026, Kenya yali ku kifo kya 3 mu nsi ezisinga okwogera Olungereza mu Afirika emabega wa South Africa ne Zimbabwe era yali ku kifo kya 9 mu nsi yonna okusinziira ku English Proficiency Index (2025). Sheng lwe lulimi olw'esigamiziddwa ku Kiswahili olwogerwa mu bitundu ebimu eby'omu bibuga. Okusingira ddala nga lwe lufaanana nga Swahili n'Olungereza, kyakulabirako kya kukyusa mu nnimi.<ref name="Nphil">{{Cite book |last=Derek Nurse |first=Gérard Philippson |date=2006 |title=Bantu Languages |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M8cHBAAAQBAJ |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-79683-9 |page=197 |access-date=20 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803182122/https://books.google.com/books?id=M8cHBAAAQBAJ |archive-date=3 August 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ennimi 69 ze zoogerwa mu Kenya. Ennimi ezisinga obungi ziva mu nnimi bbiri ennene: Niger-Congo (ettabi ly'aba Bantu) ne Nilo-Saharan (Nilotic branch), ezoogerwa abantu ab'omu Kenya ab'omu mawanga ga Bantu ne Nilotic. Abantu abatono ab'omu Cushitic ne Arab boogera ennimi eziva mu Afroasiatic family, ate abantu abava mu Buyindi n'abazungu boogera ennimi eziva mu Indo-European family.<ref name="Ethnken">[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=KE Languages of Kenya] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121123235120/http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=KE|date=23 November 2012}}. Ethnologue.com.</ref> '''Eddiini''' Abakennya abasinga bakkiriza (85.5%), nga 33.4% Bapolotesitante, 20.6% Bakatoliki ate 20.4% Banzikiriza y'ekivangeliko. Ekkereziya y'Abakatoliki y'ekkanisa y'Abakkiriza esinga obunene mu Kenya, ng'erina abantu abawera obukadde 10.<ref name="Cugrwed" /> Ekkanisa ya Presbyterian Church of East Africa erina abagoberezi obukadde busatu mu Kenya ne mu nsi eziriraanyeewo..<ref>[http://www.reformiert-online.net/adressen/detail.php?id=1390&lg=eng Address data base of Reformed churches and institutions] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403024055/http://www.reformiert-online.net/adressen/detail.php?id=1390&lg=eng|date=3 April 2013}}. Reformiert-online.net. Retrieved 16 April 2013.</ref> Waliwo amakanisa amatono aga conservative Reformed churches, Africa Evangelical Presbyterian Church,<ref>{{Deprecated archive|url=https://archive.today/20130416052147/http://www.wrfnet.org/c/portal/layout?p_l_id=PUB.1.24&p_p_id=62_INSTANCE_119G&p_p_action=0&p_p_state=maximized&p_p_mode=view&p_p_col_id=&p_p_col_pos=0&p_p_col_count=0&_62_INSTANCE_119G_struts_action=/journal_articles/view&_62_INSTANCE_119G_groupId=1&_62_INSTANCE_119G_articleId=479&_62_INSTANCE_119G_version=1.0|title=The World Reformed Fellowship – Promoting Reformed Partnerships Worldwide – News}}. Wrfnet.org. Retrieved 16 April 2013.</ref> Independent Presbyterian Church in Kenya, ne Reformed Church of East Africa. Obukristaayo obw'Abasodokisi bulina abagoberezi 621,200.<ref>{{cite web |date=3 February 2008 |title=Kenya |url=http://www.oikoumene.org/en/member-churches/regions/africa/kenya.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080311215546/http://www.oikoumene.org/en/member-churches/regions/africa/kenya.html |archive-date=11 March 2008 |access-date=26 February 2013 |publisher=Oikoumene.org}}</ref> Kenya y'esinga okubaamu Abakwakka mu nsi yonna, ng'erina Abakwakka nga 146,300.<ref>{{cite web |last=Samuel |first=Bill |title=World Distribution of Quakers, 2012 – QuakerInfo.com |url=http://www.quakerinfo.com/memb2012.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190117115311/http://www.quakerinfo.com/memb2012.shtml |archive-date=17 January 2019 |access-date=24 December 2018 |website=quakerinfo.com}}</ref> Essinzizo ly'Abayudaaya lyokka mu ggwanga liri mu Nairobi. Obusiraamu ddiini ey'okubiri mu bunene, ng'erimu ebitundu 11% eby'abantu. Abasiraamu 60% mu Kenya babeera mu Coastal Region, erimu ebitundu 50% eby'abantu bonna ababeerayo, so ng'ate ekitundu ekya waggulu eky'Ebuvanjuba bwa Kenya kirimu Abasiraamu 10% ab'eggwanga, gye bali ng'ekibiina ky'eddiini ekisinga obunene.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2008 |title=Kenya: International Religious Freedom Report 2008 |url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2008/108374.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419081919/http://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2008/108374.htm |archive-date=19 April 2010 |access-date=16 April 2010 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> Eddiini z'ekinnansi zikolebwa ebitundu 0.7% eby'abantu, wadde ng'Abakristaayo n'Abasiraamu bangi abeeyita bwe batyo bakuuma enzikiriza n'obulombolombo obumu obw'ekinnansi. Abantu abatalina ddiini mu Kenya bali ebitundu 1.6% eby'abantu.<ref name="Cugrwed" /> Abahindu abamu nabo babeera mu Kenya. Omuwendo gubalirirwa okubeera nga guli 60,287, oba ebitundu 0.13% eby'abantu bonna.<ref name="Cugrwed" /> '''Eby'obulamu''' Eby'obulamu kimu ku bitongole ebitali bya nkizo nnyo mu Kenya era byaweebwa ebitundu 4.8% ebya bajeti y'eggwanga mu 2019/2020 oba ebitundu 4.59% ebya GDP bw'ogeraageranya n'ebitongole ebirala ebya nkizo ennyo nga eby'enjigiriza ebyaweebwa ebitundu ebisukka mu 25%. Kino kiri wansi w'ebitundu 4.98% ebya bulijjo mu Sub-Saharan Africa ne 9.83% ebyasaasaanyizibwako mu nsi yonna. Okusinziira ku kwekenneenya kw'embalirira y'ebyobulamu eya National and County Health Budget Analysis FY 2020/21, ennyonyolwa ensaasaanya y'ebyobulamu ku mutendera gw'Essaza ng'eri ku bitundu 58% ku Policy Planning and Administrative Support Services, 28% ku Curative and Rehabilitative Health Services, 8% ku Preventive and Promotive Health Services ne 7% ku pulogulaamu endala. Obujjanjabi busasulirwa nnyo bantu ssekinnoomu n'ab'omu maka gaabwe oba abakozesa nga bayita mu kusasula obutereevu abasawo, mu nkola emanyikiddwa nga National Health Insurance Fund oba eri kampuni za yinsuwa z'ebyobujjanjabi. Okusasulirwa okulala kuva mu bitundu, ebweru w'eggwanga n'enteekateeka za gavumenti ezimu ez'okulabirira abantu. Amalwaliro gabaamu ebisale by'obujjanjabi era nga gakola ssente nnyingi eziva mu ggwanga ne mu gavumenti z'ebitundu ne zifuula amalwaliro gano okubeera ag'ebyobufuzi era ag'obuli bw'enguzi.<ref>{{citation|title=Sectoral Perspectives on Corruption in Kenya: The Case of Public Health Care Delivery|date=February 2010|url=https://eacc.go.ke/default/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/health-report.pdf|access-date=16 February 2023|publisher=Kenya Anti-Corruption Commission|archive-date=19 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119100332/https://eacc.go.ke/default/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/health-report.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Amalwaliro ag'obwannannyini ga njawulo, gakyukakyuka nnyo, era mazibu okuteeka mu biti/, obutafaananako n'amalwaliro ga gavumenti, agasobola okuteekebwa mu biti omuli obujjanjabi obusookerwako (omutendera I) obukolebwa abasawo b'ebyalo; amaduuka agatunda eddagala (ebifo eby'omutendera II), ebikolebwa abasawo; amalwaliro (ebifo eby'omutendera III), ebikolebwa abasawo abakugu; amalwaliro ga sub-county (ebifo eby'omutendera IV), ebiyinza okukolebwa abasawo abakugu oba abasawo abakugu; amalwaliro g'Essaza (ebifo eby'omutendera V), ebiyinza okukolebwa abasawo abakugu; n'amalwaliro ag'eggwanga amanene (ebifo eby'omutendera VI), ebiyinza okukolebwa abasawo abakugu mu bujjuvu. Ba nnansi be bantu abasinga obungi mu baweereza abali ku mwanjo mu by'obulamu mu bitongole byonna, nga baddirirwa abakozi b'omu ddwaliro, abasawo abakugu, n’abo abasoma obusawo. Bano baweebwa emirimu mu buweereza bwa gavumenti okusinziira ku nteekateeka y’emirimu gy’abasawo (2014), Enkyukakyuka mu nteekateeka y’emirimu gy’abasawo (2020) ne Enkyukakyuka mu nteekateeka y’emirimu gy’abasawo n’abasawo b’amannyo (2016). Abasawo b'ekinnansi (abakugu mu ddagala ly'ekinnansi, abasawo b'ekinnansi, n'abasawo b'enzikiriza) webali mu bungi, beesigika, era batera okwebuuzibwako ng'abasawo abasookerwako oba abasembayo okwebuuzibwako abantu ababeera mu byalo n'ababeera mu bibuga. Wadde nga waliwo ebintu bingi ebikoleddwa mu kisaawe ky'eby'obulamu, Kenya ekyalina okusoomoozebwa kungi. Okuteebereza okw’obulamu obusuubirwa okuwangaala kwalinnya mu 2009 okutuuka ku myaka nga 55 — emyaka etaano wansi w’omutindo gwa 1990.<ref>[http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/kenya_statistics.html#85 UNICEF Statistics: Kenya] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604143317/https://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/kenya_statistics.html#85|date=4 June 2019}}. Unicef.org.</ref> Omuwendo gw’abaana abafa nga bato gwali waggulu nnyo nga kumpi abaana 44 ku buli baana 1,000 be baafa mu 2012.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200802233410/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2091rank.html?countryName=Kenya&countryCode=ke&regionCode=afr&rank=53#ke Infant Mortality ranks] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802233410/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2091rank.html?countryName=Kenya&countryCode=ke&regionCode=afr&rank=53#ke|date=2 August 2020}}. ''The World Factbook''</ref> Ekitongole ky'ensi yonna ekivunanyizibwa ku by'obulamu mu ekya WHO kyateebereza mu 2011 nti ebitundu 42% byokka eby’abaana abaali bazaalibwa be baalabirirwa omukugu mu by'obulamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=WHO Health-Related Millennium Development Goals Report 2011 |url=https://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/EN_WHS2011_Part1.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617072744/http://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/EN_WHS2011_Part1.pdf |archive-date=17 June 2012}}</ref> Endwadde eziva ku bwavu zikwatagana butereevu n'engeri y'eby'enfuna by'eggwanga gye bikolamu n'okugabanya eby'obugagga: Mu 2015/16, Bannakenya ebitundu 35.6% baali babeera wansi w'omutindo gw'obwavu.<ref name="Poverty Incidence in Kenya">{{cite book |title=Poverty Incidence in Kenya Declined Significantly, but Unlikely to be Eradicated by 2030 |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/kenya/publication/kenya-economic-update-poverty-incidence-in-kenya-declined-significantly-but-unlikely-to-be-eradicated-by-2030 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162911/https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/kenya/publication/kenya-economic-update-poverty-incidence-in-kenya-declined-significantly-but-unlikely-to-be-eradicated-by-2030 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Endwadde eziziyizibwa nga omusujja gw'ensiri, akawuka akaleeta mukenenya, lubyamira, ekiddukano, n'endya embi bye bizibu ebisinga obunene, abatta abaana abangi, era ebiviirako abantu bangi okulwala; enkola embi, obuli bw'enguzi, abasawo abatamala, obukulembeze obunafu mu kitongole ky'ebyobulamu, bingi ebivunaanyizibwa. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2009, abantu abakulu abalina akawuka ka HIV/AIDS bali ebitundu 6.3% ku bantu bonna abakulu.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190329123741/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2155rank.html?countryName=Kenya&countryCode=ke&regionCode=afr&rank=11#ke CIA World Factbook: HIV/AIDS – Adult Prevalence Rate Rankings] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329123741/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2155rank.html?countryName=Kenya&countryCode=ke&regionCode=afr&rank=11#ke|date=29 March 2019}}. Cia.gov. Retrieved 23 April 2012.</ref> Kyokka, alipoota ya UNAIDS eya 2011 eraga nti ekizibu ky’akawuka ka HIV kiyinza okuba nga kigenda kikendeera mu Kenya, ng’abalina akawuka ka HIV bakendeera mu bavubuka (emyaka 15–24) ne mu bakyala abali embuto.<ref>[http://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/unaidspublication/2011/JC2216_WorldAIDSday_report_2011_en.pdf World AIDS Day Report 2011] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601011732/http://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/unaidspublication/2011/JC2216_WorldAIDSday_report_2011_en.pdf|date=1 June 2013}}. UNAIDS</ref> Kenya yalina abantu abateeberezebwa okuba obukadde 15 abaafuna omusujja gw’ensiri mu 2006.<ref>[https://www.who.int/malaria/publications/country-profiles/2009/mal2009_kenya_0025.pdf "Kenya"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228111430/http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/country-profiles/2009/mal2009_kenya_0025.pdf|date=28 February 2021}}, pp. 111–113 in ''World Malaria report 2009''. WHO.</ref> Akafuba bulwadde bwa maanyi eri eby'obulamu by’abantu. Omuntu omu alina akafuba mu Kenya alina obulwadde buno emirundi egisukka mu ena okusinga mu 1990 ne 2015.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Makori |first1=Linet |last2=Gichana |first2=Haggray |last3=Oyugi |first3=Elvis |last4=Nyale |first4=George |last5=Ransom |first5=James |date=2021 |title=Tuberculosis in an urban hospital setting: Descriptive epidemiology among patients at Kenyatta National Hospital TB clinic, Nairobi, Kenya |journal=International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences |volume=15 |doi=10.1016/j.ijans.2021.100308 |doi-access=free |article-number=100308}}</ref> Enjala mu Nsi Yonna ey'omwaka 2024 kyawa Kenya obubonero 25.0, nga kiraga nti obubi bw'enjala buli ku "ddala lya maanyi".<ref>{{cite web |title=Global Hunger Index Scores by 2024 GHI Rank |url=https://www.globalhungerindex.org/ranking.html |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=Global Hunger Index (GHI) – peer-reviewed annual publication designed to comprehensively measure and track hunger at the global, regional, and country levels}}</ref> '''Abakyala''' Omuwendo gw'abaana omukazi omu gw'azaala mu Kenya gwali gubalirirwa okuba abaana 4.49 buli mukazi mu 2012.<ref>{{cite web |title=IFs Forecast – Version 7.00 – Google Public Data Explorer |url=https://www.google.com/publicdata/explore?ds=n4ff2muj8bh2a_&ctype=l&strail=false&bcs=d&nselm=h&met_y=TFR&fdim_y=scenario:1&scale_y=lin&ind_y=false&rdim=world&idim=country:KE&ifdim=world&tstart=1106895600000&tend=2842498800000 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407115910/http://www.google.com/publicdata/explore?ds=n4ff2muj8bh2a_&ctype=l&strail=false&bcs=d&nselm=h&met_y=TFR&fdim_y=scenario:1&scale_y=lin&ind_y=false&rdim=world&idim=country:KE&ifdim=world&tstart=1106895600000&tend=2842498800000 |archive-date=7 April 2015 |access-date=15 February 2015}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwakolebwa gavumenti ya Kenya mu 2008–09, omuwendo gw'abaana omukazi omu gw'azaala gwali ebitundu 4.6% ate omuwendo gw'abakazi abakozesa enkola za kizaalaggumba gwali ebitundu 46%.<ref>[http://statistics.knbs.or.ke/nada/index.php/catalog/23 Kenya – Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2008–09] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102045335/http://statistics.knbs.or.ke/nada/index.php/catalog/23|date=2 January 2019}}. Kenya National Data Archive (KeNADA)</ref> Okufa kw'abakyala abazaala kuli waggulu, olw'okukomolebwa kw'abakyala,<ref name="lcweb2.loc.gov4">{{cite web |date=June 2007 |title=Country Profile: Kenya |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Kenya.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505051609/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Kenya.pdf |archive-date=5 May 2015 |access-date=23 April 2011 |website=Federal Research Division |publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref> nga kumpi ebitundu 27% ku bakyala baakikola.<ref>{{cite web |title=WHO – Female genital mutilation and other harmful practices |url=https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/fgm/prevalence/en/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101029201427/http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/fgm/prevalence/en/ |archive-date=29 October 2010 |access-date=15 February 2015}}</ref> Kyokka, ekikolwa kino kikendedde ng'eggwanga lyeyongera okukulaakulana, era mu 2011 kyawerebwa mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite news |last=Boseley |first=Sarah |date=8 September 2011 |title=FGM: Kenya acts against unkindest cut |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/sarah-boseley-global-health/2011/sep/08/women-africa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170617091857/https://www.theguardian.com/society/sarah-boseley-global-health/2011/sep/08/women-africa |archive-date=17 June 2017 |access-date=7 January 2012 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Abakazi baaweebwa amaanyi n'omwagaanya mu by'enfuna nga tebannafugibwa bafuzi b'amatwale. Okuyita mu kugabana ettaka, abakazi baafiirwa obusobozi bw'okufuna n'okufuga ettaka.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |title=Women's participation in the kenyan society |url=http://www.cipe.org/essay/Women's%20participation%20in%20Kenyan%20Society%20-%20Claris%20Kariuki.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110111134944/http://www.cipe.org/essay/Women%27s%20participation%20in%20Kenyan%20Society%20-%20Claris%20Kariuki.pdf |archive-date=11 January 2011 |access-date=2 February 2018 |website=Center for International Private Enterprise}}</ref> Baafuuka ba maanyi mu by'enfuna nga beesigama ku basajja.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> Enteekateeka y'ekikula ky'abantu ey'amatwale yajjawo nga abasajja babuutikira abakazi.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> Emyaka egiri wakati w'obufumbo obusooka gyeyongera n'okweyongera mu by'enjigiriza.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Demographic and Health Survey 2014 |url=https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/fr308/fr308.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403000621/https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/fr308/fr308.pdf |archive-date=3 April 2019 |access-date=2 February 2018 |website=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> Okukabasanya n'okukaka omukwano, okusobya ku baana abatanneetuuka, n'okukuba tebitera kulabibwa nga misango gya maanyi.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |title=MAKING JUSTICE WORK FOR WOMEN Kenya Country Report |url=https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au//bitstream/2123/15632/2/Kenya%20Summary.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203005725/https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au//bitstream/2123/15632/2/Kenya%20Summary.pdf |archive-date=3 February 2018 |access-date=2 February 2018 |website=Sydney eScholarship Repository}}</ref> Alipoota ezikwata ku kutulugunyizibwa oba okukabasanya tezitera kutwalibwa nga nkulu.<ref name="auto2" /> '''Abavubuka''' Akawayiro 260 mu Ssemateeka wa Kenya owa 2010 kannyonnyola abavubuka ng’abo abali wakati w’emyaka 18 ne 34.<ref>{{cite web |title=Const2010 |url=http://www.kenyalaw.org/lex/actview.xql?actid=Const2010#KE/CON/Const2010/chap_16 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180607042248/http://www.kenyalaw.org/lex/actview.xql?actid=Const2010#KE/CON/Const2010/chap_16 |archive-date=7 June 2018 |access-date=2022-02-25 |website=kenyalaw.org}}</ref> Okusinziira ku bibalo by’omuwendo gw’abantu n’okubala abantu okwa 2019, ebitundu 75 ku buli kikumi ku bantu obukadde 47.6 bali wansi w’emyaka 35, ekifuula Kenya eggwanga ly’abavubuka.<ref>{{cite web |date=2020-02-21 |title=Out of 47.6 million Kenyans, 35.7 million are under the age of 35 |url=https://www.citizen.digital/news/out-of-47-6-million-kenyans-35-7-million-are-under-the-age-of-35-323822 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207193147/https://www.citizen.digital/news/out-of-47-6-million-kenyans-35-7-million-are-under-the-age-of-35-323822 |archive-date=7 February 2022 |access-date=2022-02-25 |website=Citizen Digital}}</ref> Ebbula ly’emirimu mu bavubuka n’okukola emirimu egitasasula bulungi mu Kenya kifuuse ekizibu.<ref name="auto3">{{cite web |last=D.G |first=Kabata |title=Why youth unemployment problem require more than a strait jacket solution |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/letters/article/2001391660/youth-unemployment-puzzle-requires-innovative-solutions |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225160550/https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/letters/article/2001391660/youth-unemployment-puzzle-requires-innovative-solutions |archive-date=25 February 2022 |access-date=2022-02-25 |website=The Standard}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kitongole ekivunanyizibwa ku kubala abantu mu Kenya ekya Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS), abantu nga 1.7 baafiirwa emirimu gyabwe olw’ekirwadde kya COVID-19, ekyaggyawo emirimu egimu egitawandiisiddwa era ne kireetera eby'enfuna okukendeera.<ref name="auto3" /> Gavumenti ya Kenya etaddewo enkola okukwasaganya ensonga y'ebbula ly'emirimu mu bavubuka ng'eteeka mu nkola enteekateeka ez'enjawulo ez'okuyamba abantu n'enteekateeka ez'enjawulo omuli: National Youth Service, The National Youth Enterprise Development Fund,<ref>{{cite web |title=Youth Enterprise Development Fund |url=http://www.youthfund.go.ke/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316024321/https://www.youthfund.go.ke/ |archive-date=16 March 2022 |access-date=2022-02-25 |language=en-US}}</ref> The Women Enterprise Fund,<ref>{{cite web |title=Women Enterprise Fund – Kenya – 50 Million African Women Speak |url=https://www.womenconnect.org/web/kenya/access-to-capital/-/asset_publisher/H9h9sCCMQ8ue/content/women-enterprise-fu-3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225160553/https://www.womenconnect.org/web/kenya/access-to-capital/-/asset_publisher/H9h9sCCMQ8ue/content/women-enterprise-fu-3 |archive-date=25 February 2022 |access-date=2022-02-25 |website=womenconnect.org}}</ref> ''Kazi Mtaani, Ajira Digital, Kikao Mtaani'',<ref>{{cite web |title=Kikao Mtaani |url=https://youth.go.ke/kikao-3/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225160553/https://youth.go.ke/kikao-3/ |archive-date=25 February 2022 |access-date=2022-02-25 |website=youth.go.ke |language=en-US}}</ref> ''Uwezo fund'',<ref>{{cite web |title=The Uwezo Fund – A flagship programme for vision 2030 |url=https://www.uwezo.go.ke/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225160553/https://www.uwezo.go.ke/ |archive-date=25 February 2022 |access-date=2022-02-25 |language=en-US}}</ref> ''Future Bora''<ref>{{cite web |title=Home {{!}} Future Bora Innovation Challenge |url=https://www.futurebora.go.ke/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225162053/https://www.futurebora.go.ke/ |archive-date=25 February 2022 |access-date=2022-02-25 |website=Future Bora}}</ref> ne ''Studio mashinani''<ref>{{cite web |last=PLC |first=Standard Group |title=studio mashinani |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/topic/studio-mashinani |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225160551/https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/topic/studio-mashinani |archive-date=25 February 2022 |access-date=2022-02-25 |website=The Standard}}</ref> ezizzaamu abavubuka amaanyi, okubawa emirimu n'okutumbula omutindo gw'obulamu bw'omuntu. '''Eby'enjigiriza''' [[File:MSc student at Kenyatta University.jpg|thumb|Omuyizi w'obusawo mu Yunivasite ys Kenyatta mu Nairobi]] Abaana basomera mu masomero ga nasale oba aga kindergarten ag'obwannannyini, okutuusa nga bawezezza emyaka etaano. Kino kimala emwaka gumu okutuuka ku esatu (KG1, KG2 ne KG3) era kisasulirwa bantu kinnoomu kubanga tewabangawo tteeka lya gavumenti ku kusomesa abaana abatanneetuuka okutuusa gye buvuddeko.<ref>{{cite web |last=Reporter |first=Standard |title=Government to review Early Childhood Development policy |url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2000188257/government-to-review-early-childhood-development-policy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822022539/http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2000188257/government-to-review-early-childhood-development-policy |archive-date=22 August 2016 |access-date=23 June 2016 |website=Standard Digital News}}</ref> Okusoma okwa bulijjo kutandika ku myaka mukaaga era kumala emyaka 12, nga mulimu emyaka munaana mu pulayimale n’ena mu sekendule. Essomero lya pulayimale lya bwereere mu masomero ga gavumenti era abo abalisomeramu basobola okwegatta ku matendekero g’ebyemikono aga youth/village polytechnic, oba okukola enteekateeka zaabwe ku lwabwe ez’okutendekebwa mu mirimu egy’enjawulo ne bayiga emirimu nga okutunga, okubajja, okukanika emmotoka, okukuba amatoffaali n’okuzimba okumala emyaka nga ebiri.<ref name=":22">{{cite web |title=Primary School Education in Kenya |url=http://kenyapage.net/education/primary.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170412165404/http://kenyapage.net/education/primary.html |archive-date=12 April 2017 |access-date=10 June 2016 |website=kenyapage.net}}</ref> Abo abamaliriza siniya basobola okuyingira mu matendekero ga politekiniki oba amatendekero amalala ag'ebyemikono ne basomera emyaka esatu, oba okugenda butereevu ku ssettendekero ne basomera emyaka ena. Abamaliriza okuva mu matendekero ga politekiniki ne mu matendekero amalala basobola okuyingira mu mirimu n'oluvannyuma ne bafuna dipulooma ey'enjawulo oluvannyuma lw'okwongerako omwaka gumu oba ebiri ogw'okutendekebwa, oba okugenda ku ssettendekero—nga mu mwaka ogw'okubiri oba ogw'okusatu ogw'essomo lyabwe eribabeeramu. Dipulooma ey'awaggulu ekkirizibwa abakozesa bangi mu kifo kya diguli eya bachelor's era okuyingira butereevu oba okwanguyirwa okugenda mu misomo egya waggulu kisoboka mu ssettendekero ezimu. [[File:Masai girl at school doing maths.jpg|thumb|Omuwala omu Masai ku ssomero]] Ssettendekero za gavumenti mu Kenya zafuuka z'ansimbi era zitunda nnyo era batono nnyo ku abo abamalirizza emisomo gyabwe mu siniya abakkirizibwa okusomera ku sikaala za gavumenti mu pulogulaamu ze baagala. Abasinga bakkirizibwa mu bya ssaayansi ezikwata ku bantu, ezitwala ssente entono okuddukanya, oba ng'abayizi abeeteeseteese okusasulira ddala ebisale by'okusoma kwabwe. Abayizi abasinga abatuukiriza ebisaanyizo naye ne balemererwa okufuna ebifo basalawo okusoma dipulooma ez'omutendera ogwa wakati mu ssettendekero za gavumenti oba ez'obwannannyini, amatendekero, ne mu matendekero ga politekiniki. Mu 2018, ebitundu 18.5 ku buli kikumi eby'abantu abakulu mu Kenya baali tebamanyi kusoma na kuwandiika, era nga guno gwe gwali omuwendo ogusinga obunene ogw'abantu abasobola okusoma n'okuwandiika mu East Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) – Kenya {{!}} Data |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.LITR.ZS?locations=KE |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128112128/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.LITR.ZS?locations=KE |archive-date=28 January 2021 |access-date=2021-01-22 |website=data.worldbank.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) – Sub-Saharan Africa {{!}} Data |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.LITR.ZS?locations=ZG&most_recent_value_desc=false |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416224534/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.LITR.ZS?locations=ZG&most_recent_value_desc=false |archive-date=16 April 2021 |access-date=2021-01-22 |website=data.worldbank.org}}</ref> Waliwo enjawulo ennene mu bitundu: okugeza, Nairobi yalina omutindo gw'okusoma n'okuwandiika ogusinga obunene nga guli ku bitundu 87.1 ku buli kikumi, bw'ogeraageranya n'Essaza ly'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, eryali lisembayo wansi, ku bitundu 8.0 ku buli kikumi. Preschool, ekiruubirira abaana okuva ku myaka esatu okutuuka ku etaano, kitundu kikulu mu nkola y'ebyenjigiriza era kye kyetaagisa okuyingira mu Standard One (First Grade). Ku nkomerero y'okusoma kwa pulayimale, abayizi batuula ebigezo bya Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (KCPE), ekisalawo abo abagenda mu siniya oba okutendekebwa mu by'emikono. Ebiva mu bigezo bino byetaagisa okusobola okusindikibwa mu siniya.<ref name=":23">{{cite web |title=Primary School Education in Kenya |url=http://kenyapage.net/education/primary.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170412165404/http://kenyapage.net/education/primary.html |archive-date=12 April 2017 |access-date=10 June 2016 |website=kenyapage.net}}</ref> Essomero lya pulayimale lya bayizi abali wakati w'emyaka 6/7-13/14. Abo abagenda mu siniya, waliwo ebigezo by'eggwanga lyonna ku nkomerero ya siniya Ey'okuna – Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE), ekisalawo abo abagenda mu yunivasite, okutendekebwa okulala okw'ekikugu, oba emirimu. Abayizi batuula ebigezo mu masomo munaana ge balonze. Kyokka, Olungereza, Kiswahili, n'okubala bye masomo ag'obuwaze. Ekitongole kya Kenya Universities and Colleges Central Placement Service (KUCCPS), ekyali ekiyitibwa Joint Admissions Board (JAB), kye kivunaanyizibwa ku kulonda abayizi abayingira mu yunivasite za gavumenti. Ng'oggyeeko amasomero ga gavumenti, waliwo amasomero mangi ag'obwannannyini, okusingira ddala mu bitundu by'ebibuga. Mu ngeri y'emu, waliwo amasomero mangi ag'ensi yonna agakola ku nkola z'ebyenjigiriza ez'enjawulo ez'ensi z'ebweru. Kenya yali mu kifo kya 102 mu Global Innovation Index mu 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=GII Innovation Ecosystems & Data Explorer 2025 |url=https://www.wipo.int/gii-ranking/en/kenya |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=WIPO}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Dutta |first=Soumitra |year=2025 |title=Global Innovation Index 2025: Innovation at a Crossroads |url=https://www.wipo.int/web-publications/global-innovation-index-2025/en/index.html |last2=Lanvin |first2=Bruno |publisher=[[World Intellectual Property Organization]] |isbn=978-92-805-3797-0 |page=19 |doi=10.34667/tind.58864 |access-date=2025-10-17}}</ref> == Obuwangwa == Obuwangwa bwa Kenya buzingiramu obulombolombo obw'enjawulo okuva mu mawanga 42 (+).[1] Kenya terina buwangwa bumanyiddwa nnyo. Wabula elimu obuwangwa obw'enjawulo mu bitundu eby'enjawulo. Abantu abamanyiddwa ennyo mulimu Abaswayiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja, abantu abalala ab'ekika kya Bantu mu bitundu bya wakati ne mu Bugwanjuba, n'abantu ab'ekika kya Nilotic mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba. Obuwangwa bw'Abamaasai bumanyiddwa nnyo mu by'obulambuzi, wadde nga bantu batono nnyo mu bantu abali mu Kenya. Bamanyiddwa olw'okwesiiga n'okwambala eby'omuwendo eby'okwewunda. Kenya erina ennyimba, ttivvi, n'ebifo ebisanyukirwamu bingi. '''Ebiwandiiko''' [[File:Nation media house.jpg|thumb|Ekitebe kya Nation Media House ekikulembera Nation Media Group]] [[File:Ngugi wa Thiong'o - Festivaletteratura 2012.JPG|thumb|Omuwandiisi Munnakenya [[:en:Ngũgĩ_wa_Thiong'o|Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]]]] [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] y'omu ku bawandiisi ba Kenya abasinga okumanyibwa. Ekitabo kye ''Weep Not'', Child kiraga obulamu mu Kenya mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bwa Bungereza. Emboozi eno eraga ebizibu bya Mau Mau ku bulamu bw'Abannakenya. Okugattika kw'ebigambo ebirimu—obufuzi bw'amatwale, okusoma, n'okwagala—kyayamba okukifuula kimu ku bitabo by'Abafirika ebisinga okumanyibwa. Akatabo ka [[M.G. Vassanji]] aka 2003 ''The In-Between World of Vikram Lall'' kaawangula ekirabo kya Giller Prize mu 2003. Kino kiwandiiko eky'ekikungu ak'Omunnakennya ow'obuzaale bw'Abayindi ne famire ye nga bwe bagezaako okumanyiira embeera z'ebyobufuzi ezikyukakyuka mu Kenya ey'amatwale n'oluvannyuma lw'amatwale. Okuva mu 2003, akatabo k'ebiwandiiko akayitibwa ''Kwani?'' kabadde kafulumya ebiwandiiko bya Bannakenya eby'omulembe guno. Kenya era ezimbye abawandiisi abapya abalina obusobozi obw'enjawulo nga Paul Kipchumba (Kipwendui, Kibiwott) abalaga endowooza ya Afirika yonna.<ref>{{cite book |date=3 December 2017 |title=Africa in China's 21st Century: In Search of a Strategy |publisher=Independently published |isbn=978-1973456803}}</ref> '''Ennyimba''' Kenya erina ennyimba ez'enjawulo ezimanyiddwa ennyo, okwongereza ku ngeri z'ennyimba ez'ekinnansi ez'enjawulo okusinziira ku njawulo y'ennimi ezisukka mu 40 ez'ebitundu.<ref>[http://www.wipo.int/wipo_magazine/en/2007/04/article_0001.html On the Beat – Tapping the Potential of Kenya's Music Industry] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103130711/http://www.wipo.int/wipo_magazine/en/2007/04/article_0001.html|date=3 November 2011}}, [[WIPO]] Magazine (July 2007).</ref> [[File:Juacali 1.jpg|thumb|Muyimbi Munnakenya amanyikiddwa ennyo]] Engoma ze zisinga okukozesebwa mu nnyimba za Kenya ezimanyiddwa ennyo. Ennyimba z'engoma ziba nzibu nnyo era zirimu ennyimba z'ekinnansi n'ezo ezireeteddwa okuva ebweru, naddala ez'ekika kya cavacha eza Congo. Ennyimba za Kenya ezimanyiddwa ennyo zitera okubaamu ennyimba ez'enjawulo ezikwatagana, era ennaku zino, waliwo n'ennyimba za gita eziwuniikiriza. Era waliwo abayimbi ba hip-hop abawera, omuli Jua Cali; ebibiina bya Afro-pop nga Sauti Sol; n'abayimbi abazannya ennyimba ez'ekinnansi nga Benga, nga Akothee. Ebigambo ebiri mu nnyimba zino bitera kubeera mu Luswayiri oba mu Lungereza. Waliwo n'ekintu ekirala ekigenda kyeyongera mu Lingala ekiggyibwa ku bayimbi b'omu Congo. Ebigambo era biwandiikibwa mu nnimi ennansi. Leediyo z'omu bibuga zitera kuwuliriza nnyimba za Lungereza zokka, wadde nga waliwo ne leediyo endala ezikozesa ennimi ennansi. Zilizopendwa kika kya nnyimba z'omu bibuga ezaakwatibwa mu myaka gya 1960, 70, ne 80 abayimbi nga Daudi Kabaka, Fadhili William, ne Sukuma Bin Ongaro, era nga zisinga kunyumirwa bantu abakulu—nga zaamanyibwa nnyo olw'okuweerezebwa ku mpewo za Kenya Broadcasting Corporation's Kiswahili service (edda eyayitibwanga Voice of Kenya oba VOK). Isukuti ge mazina ag'amaanyi agakolebwa ebika by'Abaluha ab'omu Luhya nga bakuba engoma ey'ekinnansi eyitibwa Isukuti ku mikolo mingi nga okuzaalibwa kw'omwana, obufumbo, oba okuziika. Amazina amalala ag'ennono mulimu Ohangla mu Balo, Nzele mu Bamiikenda, Mugithi mu Bakikuyu, ne Taarab mu Baswayiri. Kenya erina ennyimba z'eddiini ezilyowa emyoyo. Abayimbi b'ennyimba z'ekkanisa abamanyifu mu ggwanga mulimu ekibiina kya Kenyan Boys Choir. Ennyimba za benga zibadde zimanyiddwa okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1960, naddala mu kitundu ekiriraanye Ennyanja Nalubaale. Ekigambo ''benga'' oluusi kikozesebwa okutegeeza ekika kyonna eky'ennyimba za pop. Bass, guitar, n'okukuba ebivuga bye bintu ebitera okukozesebwa. '''Eby'emizannyo''' [[File:2012 Summer Olympics – Womens 5000 metres heat 1 - 1.jpg|thumb|Jepkosgei Kipyego ne Jepkemoi Cheruiyot mu mpaka za London Olympics 2012]] Kenya yeenyigira mu mizannyo mingi egy'enjawulo omuli cricket, okuvuga emmotoka z'empaka, omupiira, rugby, field hockey, n'ebikonde. Eggwanga limanyiddwa nnyo olw'obuwanguzi bwayo mu misinde egy'okwetooloola ekisaawe n'egy'okwetooloola ebbanga eddene, nga bulijjo libadde livaamu bannantameggwa mu mizannyo gya Olimpiki ne mu mizannyo gya Commonwealth Games mu misinde egy'enjawulo, naddala mu mita 800, 1,500, 3,000 steeplechase, 5,000, 10,000, n'emisinde mubuna byalo. Abaddusi ba Kenya (naddala Kalenjin), beeyongera okufuga ensi y'okudduka emisinde emiwanvu, wadde nga okuvuganya okuva e Morocco ne Ethiopia kukendeezezza obukulu buno. Abamu ku baddusi ba Kenya abamanyiddwa ennyo mulimu omuwanguzi w'empaka z'abakazi eza Boston Marathon emirundi ena era omuwanguzi w'ensi yonna emirundi ebiri [[Catherine Ndereba]], omuwanguzi w'ensi yonna ow'obudde bwa mita 800 [[David Rudisha]], eyaliko omuwanguzi w'ensi yonna mu misinde gy'okwetooloola ebyalo [[Paul Tergat]], ne [[John Ngugi]] eyawangula omudaali gwa zaabu mu misinde gya 5000m mu Olympics. Omuddusi wa Kenya asinga okuweebwa ebirabo ye [[Eliud Kipchoge]], eyawangula emidaali gya zaabu emirundi esatu mu Olympics era eyawangula emisinde gy'ensi yonna emirundi kkumi na gumu. Kenya yawangula emidaali mingi mu mizannyo gya Olimpiki egya Beijing nga baawangula emidaali gya: zaabu mukaaga, feeza nnya, ne kikomo nnya, ne kigifuula eggwanga lya Afirika erisinga okuba n'obuwanguzi mu mizannyo gya Olimpiki egya 2008. Abazannyi abapya baafuna ettutumu, gamba nga Pamela Jelimo, omuwanguzi w'omudaali gwa zaabu mu mmita 800 eyagenda mu maaso n'okuwangula IAAF Golden League jackpot, ne Samuel Wanjiru, eyawangula emisinde gy'abasajja egy'amubuna byalo. Kipchoge Keino eyawummula eyawangula Olimpiki ne Common Wealth Games yayamba okutandikawo obuwanguzi mu misinde mu myaka gya 1970 era n'agobererwa Henry Rono eyawangula Common Wealth Champion's spectacular string of world record performances. Gye buvuddeko awo, wabaddewo obutakkaanya mu baddusi b'omu Kenya, ng'abaddusi ba Kenya bangi baddukira mu mawanga amalala, okusingira ddala Bahrain ne Qatar.<ref name="IAAF">IAAF: {{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20130509091352/http://www.iaaf.net/mm/Document/imported/42196.pdf Changes of Allegiance 1998 to 2005]}}</ref> Minisitule y'ebyemizannyo mu Kenya egezezzaako okukomya okudduka mu mawanga, naye beeyongeddeyo, nga Bernard Lagat gwe basembyeyo, okusalawo okukiikirira Amerika.<ref name="IAAF" />Abaddusi ba Kenya abasinga obungi abadduka mu mawanga gaabwe baddukira mu mawanga malala, kiva ku nsonga za byanfuna oba ebyensimbi.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mynott |first=Adam |date=20 May 2005 |title=Kenya examines track star defections |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4566821.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417231056/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4566821.stm |archive-date=17 April 2016 |access-date=10 June 2016 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Okusalawo kwa gavumenti ya Kenya okussa omusolo ku nnyingiza y'abaddusi nakyo kiyinza okuba nga kye kibasindiikiriza.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 January 2014 |title=Furious Kenyans threaten to defect over taxes |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-athletics-kenya-taxes-idUSBREA0L1OM20140122 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805120245/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-athletics-kenya-taxes-idUSBREA0L1OM20140122 |archive-date=5 August 2016 |access-date=10 June 2016 |work=Reuters}}</ref> Abaddusi ba Kenya abasinga obungi abatasobola kuyitamu ku ttiimu y'eggwanga ey'amaanyi basanga obuzibu okuyitamu nga badduka ku ttiimu z'amawanga amalala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why the defections? |url=http://mobile.nation.co.ke/Sports/Why+the+defections/-/1951244/1957996/-/format/xhtml/-/hpgsnf/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818074600/http://mobile.nation.co.ke/Sports/Why+the+defections/-/1951244/1957996/-/format/xhtml/-/hpgsnf/-/index.html |archive-date=18 August 2016 |access-date=10 June 2016 |website=mobile.nation.co.ke}}</ref> [[File:David Rudisha Daegu 2011.jpg|thumb|Omuwanguzi w'emisinde gya mita 800, David Rudisha]] Kenya ebadde n'amaanyi mangi mu muzannyo gw'abakyala ogwa volleyball mu Afirika, nga kiraabu ne ttiimu y'eggwanga ziwangula empaka ez'enjawulo ku ssemazinga mu myaka ekkumi egiyise.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 June 2015 |title=Kenya women's volleyball caps three decades of excellence {{!}} Kenya Page Blog |url=http://kenyapage.net/commentary/kenya-sports-commentary/kenya-womens-volleyball-caps-four-decades-of-excellence/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160612121336/http://kenyapage.net/commentary/kenya-sports-commentary/kenya-womens-volleyball-caps-four-decades-of-excellence/ |archive-date=12 June 2016 |access-date=10 June 2016 |website=kenyapage.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 June 2015 |title=Volleyball: Champions Kenya Scoop Major Continental Awards {{!}} |url=http://www.chimpreports.com/volleyball-kenya-crowned-african-nations-champions/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803233901/http://www.chimpreports.com/volleyball-kenya-crowned-african-nations-champions/ |archive-date=3 August 2016 |access-date=10 June 2016 |website=chimpreports.com}}</ref> Ttiimu y'abakyala ezannye mu Olimpiki ne mu mpaka z'ensi yonna, wadde nga tebadde na buwanguzi bwa maanyi. Cricket gwe muzannyo omulala ogumanyiddwa ennyo, era nga gwe gusinga okuba n'obuwanguzi mu mizannyo gy'ebibinja. Kenya ezannye mu Cricket World Cup okuva mu 1996. Baakubaamu ezimu ku ttiimu ezisinga obulungi mu nsi era ne batuuka ku ddaala lya semi-finals mu mpaka za 2003. Baawangula World Cricket League Division 1 eyasooka eyali mu Nairobi era ne beetaba mu World T20. Era beetaba mu ICC Cricket World Cup 2011. Kapiteeni waabwe aliwo kati ye Rakep Patel.<ref>{{Cite web |title=:: Cricket Kenya |url=http://www.cricketkenya.co.ke/senior_men.php#&panel1-1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328200749/http://cricketkenya.co.ke/senior_men.php#&panel1-1 |archive-date=28 March 2016 |access-date=10 June 2016 |website=cricketkenya.co.ke}}</ref> [[File:Roshan Ali.jpg|thumb|Roshan Ali eyaliko omukuumi wa goolo ku ttiimu ya Kenya eya Hockey]] Rugby yeeyongera okumanyibwa, naddala n’empaka za Safari Sevens ezibaawo buli mwaka. Ttiimu ya Kenya eya Sevens yali mu kifo kya 9 mu IRB Sevens World Series mu sizoni ya 2006. Mu 2016, ttiimu yakuba Fiji mu mpaka za Singapore Sevens ez’akamalirizo, ekyaleetera Kenya okubeera eggwanga ery’okubiri mu Afirika oluvannyuma lwa South Africa okuwangula empaka za World Series.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 April 2016 |title=Kenya win Singapore Sevens title |url=http://www.supersport.com/rugby/sevens/news/160417/Kenya_win_Singapore_Sevens_title |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621175817/http://www.supersport.com/rugby/sevens/news/160417/Kenya_win_Singapore_Sevens_title |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=10 June 2016 |work=SuperSport}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Kenya beat Fiji to win their first Sevens World Series title |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-union/36067269 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420153557/http://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-union/36067269 |archive-date=20 April 2016 |access-date=10 June 2016 |work=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sport |first=Telegraph |date=17 April 2016 |title=HSBC World Rugby Sevens Series: Kenya shock Fiji and win maiden title in Singapore |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/rugby-sevens/2016/04/17/hsbc-world-rugby-sevens-series-kenya-shock-fiji-and-win-maiden-t/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160619110410/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/rugby-sevens/2016/04/17/hsbc-world-rugby-sevens-series-kenya-shock-fiji-and-win-maiden-t/ |archive-date=19 June 2016 |access-date=10 June 2016 |work=The Telegraph}}</ref> Kenya nayo yali eggwanga ery'amaanyi mu mupiira mu kitundu. Kyokka, obuyinza bwayo bukendedde olw'enkaayana mu kibiina ekyali kiddukanya omupiira mu kenya ekya Kenya Football Federation ekitakyaliwo,<ref>New Vision, 3 June 2004: [http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/30/364022 Wrangles land Kenya indefinite FIFA ban] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080110015009/http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/30/364022|date=10 January 2008}}</ref> ekiviiriddeko okugobebwa FIFA mu Gwokusatu 2007. Mu mpaka z'emmotoka ez'empaka, Kenya y'ewaka w'empaka za Safari Rally ezimanyiddwa mu nsi yonna, ezimanyiddwa ng'emu ku mpaka ezisinga okuba enzibu mu nsi yonna.<ref>The Auto Channel, 21 July 2001: [http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2001/07/22/025841.html FIA RALLY: Delecour takes points finish on Safari Rally debut] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071210095507/http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2001/07/22/025841.html|date=10 December 2007}}</ref> Empaka zino zaasooka kubaawo mu 1953, era zaali kitundu ku mpaka za World Rally Championship okumala emyaka mingi okutuusa lwe zaagibwamu oluvannyuma lw'empaka za 2002 olw'ebizibu by'ensimbi. Abamu ku bavuzi b'empaka z'emmotoka abasinga obulungi mu nsi yonna beenyigidde mu mpaka zino era ne baziwangula, gamba nga Björn Waldegård, Hannu Mikkola, Tommi Mäkinen, Shekhar Mehta, Carlos Sainz, ne Colin McRae. Empaka za Safari Rally zaakomawo mu mpaka za nsi yonna mu 2021, oluvannyuma lw'empaka za 2003–2019 okutegekebwa ng'ekitundu ku African Rally Championship. Nairobi etegeseeko emizannyo mingi egy'amaanyi ku ssemazinga, omuli empaka za FIBA Africa Championship 1993, ttiimu y'eggwanga ey'omupiira gw'ensero bwe yamalira mu bana abasooka, nga kino kye kyali ekisingayo obulungi okutuusa kati.<ref>[https://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/sid/2405/tid/312/_/1993_African_Championship_for_Men_/index.html 1993 FIBA Africa Championship for Men] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008174937/http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/sid/2405/tid/312/_/1993_African_Championship_for_Men_/index.html|date=8 October 2017}}, ARCHIVE.FIBA.COM. Retrieved 24 January 2016.</ref> Kenya nayo erina ttiimu yaayo ey'omuzannyo gwa ice hockey, eyitibwa Kenya Ice Lions.<ref>[https://www.nhl.com/news/color-of-hockey-kenya-ice-lions-ready-to-roar/c-316726578 Color of Hockey: Kenya Ice Lions ready to roar] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527112254/https://www.nhl.com/news/color-of-hockey-kenya-ice-lions-ready-to-roar/c-316726578|date=27 May 2022}} – [[NHL]]</ref> Ekisaawe kya ttiimu eno ekikulu kiyitibwa Solar Ice Rink ku Panari Sky Centre mu Nairobi,<ref>[https://www.iihf.com/en/news/18709/hockey-visit-to-kenya Hockey visit to Kenya] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527112254/https://www.iihf.com/en/news/18709/hockey-visit-to-kenya|date=27 May 2022}} – [[IIHF]]</ref><ref>[https://www.panarihotels.com/hotel-nairobi/ice-rink.html Solar Ice Rink] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707142634/http://panarihotels.com/hotel-nairobi/ice-rink.html|date=7 July 2022}} – The Panari Hotel</ref> nga kino kye kisaawe ky'omuzannyo guno eky'asooka era ekisinga obunene mu Afirika yonna.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 December 2005 |title=Kenyan skaters flock to East Africa's first ice rink |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2005-12-26-kenyan-skaters-flock-to-east-africas-first-ice-rink/ |website=The Mail & Guardian}}</ref> Ttiimu y'eggwanga ey'abasajja ey'omuzannyo gwa Hockey yali emu ku ttiimu ezisinga mu nsi mu myaka gya 1960 ne 1970. Kenya yali mu kifo kyamukaaga mu mpaka za Summer Olympics hockey ez'omu 1964 ate mu 1971 yali mu kifo kya kuna mu mpaka z'abasajja eza FIH Hockey World Cup. '''Emmere yaabwe''' [[File:Ugali & Sukuma Wiki.jpg|thumb|Ugali ne Sukuma wiki emu ku emmere esinga okulibwa mu kenya]] Bannakenya okutwaliza awamu balya emirundi esatu olunaku—ekyenkya (kiamsha kinywa), ekyemisana (chakula cha mchana), n'ekyeggulo (chakula cha jioni oba simply chajio). Mu makkati, banywa caayi ow'essaawa 10 (chai ya saa nne) ne caayi ow'essaawa 10 ez'olweggulo (chai ya saa kumi). Ekyenkya kitera kuba caayi oba obuugi n'omugaati, chapati, mahamri, lumonde omufumbe, oba amayuuni. Githeri mmere ya bulijjo eliibwa nga eky'emisana mu maka agawerako, so nga ate Ugali n'enva endiirwa, amata (mursik), ennyama, eby'ennyanja, oba enva endala zitera kuliibwa abantu abasinga obungi nga ky'emisana oba eky'eggulo. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Kenya, mu bantu abayitibwa Luo, eby'ennyanja kye kijjulo ekisinga okuliibwa; mu bantu abayitibwa Kalenjin, abasinga obungi mu kitundu kya Rift Valley Region, mursik—amata kye ky'okunywa ekisinga okunywebwa. Cheese afuuse wa ttutumu mu Kenya, ng'okugirya kweyongedde naddala mu bantu ab'omutendera ogw'okubiri.<ref>[http://www.africanews.com/2016/09/04/kenyans-are-gradually-loving-cheese/ Kenyans are gradually loving cheese] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114041844/http://www.africanews.com/2016/09/04/kenyans-are-gradually-loving-cheese/|date=14 November 2017}}, africanews.com, 4 September 2016.</ref><ref>[https://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/entrepreneur-grows-her-hobby-into-a-successful-cheese-making-business/ Entrepreneur grows her hobby into a successful cheese making business] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114040913/https://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/entrepreneur-grows-her-hobby-into-a-successful-cheese-making-business/|date=14 November 2017}}, howwemadeitinafrica.com, 23 August 2013.</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Amawanga ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] * [[Olukalala lw'amasaza ga Kenya]] * [[Olukalala lw'aBannakenya]] * Enkolagana ya Kenya n'amawanga amalala * Okubunyisa amazzi mu Kenya n'obuyonjo == Ebijuliziddwa == [[be-x-old:Кенія]] [[na:Kenya]] [[nah:Quenia]] [[nv:Kénya]] [[roa-rup:Kenia]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga ag'etaba mu mpaka za Commonwealth]] [[Category:Abaafuna emidaali mu mpaka za African Games 2019]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda]] [[Category:Eddiini mu Buganda]] [[Category:Omupiira mu Uganda]] [[xal:Кенимудин Орн]] 4nlky873qlcd8px0wxi2zj7hrmhjldb Nnalubaale 0 4113 74356 30350 2026-09-09T17:53:59Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 converted reference 74356 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Victoria_lake_landsat_7.png|thumb]] [[File:View at Lake Victoria (Uganda).jpg|thumb|Ennyanja Nnalubaale]] '''Nnalubaale''' y'ennyanja esinga obunene ku ssemazinga [[Afirika]] ate munsi yonna ekwata kyakubiri nga eddirira ennyanja eyitibwa Superior esangibwa ku ssemazinga [[Amerika]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2026-08-14 |title=Lake Victoria {{!}} Size, Map, Countries, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Lake-Victoria |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>.Obwagaagavu bwayo bugisobozesa okutuuka munsi ssatu omuli [[Uganda]], [[Kenya]] ne [[Tanzania]].<ref name=":1">https://editors.eol.org/eoearth/wiki/Lake_Victoria</ref> == Essomansi. == [[File:Lake Victoria Morning Tranquility.jpg|thumb|Ennyanja Nnalubaale]] Nnalubaale egabirirwa emigga mingi nnyo, nga mu gino, egisinga obunene mulimu [[Katonga]], nga guno gusibuka mu bitundu eby'obugwa njuba bwa Uganda, omugga [[Kagera]] nga guno gusibuka mu nsi y'e[[Burundi]].Ennyanja eno eriko omugga Kiyira ogukulukuta nga guva ku nnyanja eno.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />Ennyanja eno era erimu ebizinga bingi nnyo nga ebizinga by'eSsesse ne [[Buvuma Island|Buvuma]].<ref name=":0" /> Ebizinga bino biriko abantu bangi era nga bakolerako n'emirimu mingi nga okulima. Ebizinga bino era kifo ebinyonyi ebiva ku ssemazinga endala nga Bulaaya kwe bijja n'ebiwummulira n'okwalulirako naddala mu biseera e Bulaaya bwe wabeererayo obutiti. Kino nno kireetera abalambuzi okwettanira ennyo ennyanja eno. == Ebyafaayo by'ennyanja eno. == == Ebye'nyanja n'okuvuba. == Ennyanja eno evubibwamu eby'ennyanja nga empuuta, engege, mukene, enkejje, ssemutundu, emmamba, emmale ko n'ebirala bingi. Ebisolo n'ebinyonyi nkumu nabyo bisangibwamu.Ennyanja eno eyimirizzaawo obulamu bw'abantu abagiriraanye ko n'ebyenfuna eby'amawanga gano asatu[<nowiki/>[[Yuganda]],[[Kenya]] ne [[Tanzania]]]. Eyimirizzaawo eby'obusuubuzi nga obuvubi anti amakolero mangi agakola ku by'ennyanja gazimbiddwa era gawadde abantu emirimu ntoko. Eby'entambula nabyo bikulaakulanye nga amaato omuli amatono, ebidyeri ko n'emmeeri bitambuza abantu ko n'ebyamaguzi ku nnyanja eno. Era ennyanja eno eyimirizzaawo amakolero amalala mangi ageeyambisa amazzi gaayo ate era n'ebitongole by'amazzi biggyamu amazzi g'ebisengejja olwo ne gagabirwa ebibuga okukozesa. == Embeera y'okukuuma ennyanja eno. == Naye ate ebyembi ennyanja eno eri mu buzibu obw'okusaanyizibwawo kubanga kazambi mungi nga kwotadde n'ebikudumo ebiva mu makolero ebikulukutiramu awatali kusooka kusengejjebwa. Kino nno kyabulabe nnyo eri eby'obutonde ebiri mu nnyanja eby'olekedde okusaanawo. Waliwo enjogera egamba nti "ennyanja tenoga" etali nnungi nnyo kubanga ereetera abantu obutafaayo nga bamala gasuula n'okuyiwa buli kye basanze mu nnyanja. Ennyanja eno etweyagaza nga Abafirika kubanga nnyanja erimu amazzi amalamu, amayonjo era agataliimu munnyu, ensi ezimu kye zitalina. N'olwekyo kikulu nnyo eky'okugikuuma n'okugirabirira. Okugikuuma nga tesaanawo tusaanidde okukola bino; okusimba emiti, okugirabirira n'obutasaanyaawo bibira, okutaasa emigga n'entobazi ebiyiwa amazzi gaabyo mu nnyanja eno ne bigigabirira n'okugezaako okutangira okukulugguka kwettaka lireme kugenda mu migga kubanga emigga giritwala mu nnyanja eno ate olwo ne kigireetera okugenda nga ejjula ettaka. == References == tsc1pzdpjk1ufmgy5x9iuqvqsy3xlwa 74358 74356 2026-09-09T17:54:51Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations 74358 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Victoria_lake_landsat_7.png|thumb]] [[File:View at Lake Victoria (Uganda).jpg|thumb|Ennyanja Nnalubaale]] '''Nnalubaale''' y'ennyanja esinga obunene ku ssemazinga [[Afirika]] ate munsi yonna ekwata kyakubiri nga eddirira ennyanja eyitibwa Superior esangibwa ku ssemazinga [[Amerika]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2026-08-14 |title=Lake Victoria {{!}} Size, Map, Countries, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Lake-Victoria |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>.Obugazi bwayo bugisobozesa okutuuka munsi ssatu omuli [[Uganda]], [[Kenya]] ne [[Tanzania]].<ref name=":1">https://editors.eol.org/eoearth/wiki/Lake_Victoria</ref> == Essomansi. == [[File:Lake Victoria Morning Tranquility.jpg|thumb|Ennyanja Nnalubaale]] Nnalubaale egabirirwa emigga mingi nnyo, nga mu gino, egisinga obunene mulimu [[Katonga]], nga guno gusibuka mu bitundu eby'obugwa njuba bwa Uganda, omugga [[Kagera]] nga guno gusibuka mu nsi y'e[[Burundi]].Ennyanja eno eriko omugga Kiyira ogukulukuta nga guva ku nnyanja eno.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />Ennyanja eno era erimu ebizinga bingi nnyo nga ebizinga by'eSsesse ne [[Buvuma Island|Buvuma]].<ref name=":0" /> Ebizinga bino biriko abantu bangi era nga bakolerako n'emirimu mingi nga okulima. Ebizinga bino era kifo ebinyonyi ebiva ku ssemazinga endala nga Bulaaya kwe bijja n'ebiwummulira n'okwalulirako naddala mu biseera e Bulaaya bwe wabeererayo obutiti. Kino nno kireetera abalambuzi okwettanira ennyo ennyanja eno. == Ebyafaayo by'ennyanja eno. == == Ebye'nyanja n'okuvuba. == Ennyanja eno evubibwamu eby'ennyanja nga empuuta, engege, mukene, enkejje, ssemutundu, emmamba, emmale ko n'ebirala bingi. Ebisolo n'ebinyonyi nkumu nabyo bisangibwamu.Ennyanja eno eyimirizzaawo obulamu bw'abantu abagiriraanye ko n'ebyenfuna eby'amawanga gano asatu[<nowiki/>[[Yuganda]],[[Kenya]] ne [[Tanzania]]]. Eyimirizzaawo eby'obusuubuzi nga obuvubi anti amakolero mangi agakola ku by'ennyanja gazimbiddwa era gawadde abantu emirimu ntoko. Eby'entambula nabyo bikulaakulanye nga amaato omuli amatono, ebidyeri ko n'emmeeri bitambuza abantu ko n'ebyamaguzi ku nnyanja eno. Era ennyanja eno eyimirizzaawo amakolero amalala mangi ageeyambisa amazzi gaayo ate era n'ebitongole by'amazzi biggyamu amazzi g'ebisengejja olwo ne gagabirwa ebibuga okukozesa. == Embeera y'okukuuma ennyanja eno. == Naye ate ebyembi ennyanja eno eri mu buzibu obw'okusaanyizibwawo kubanga kazambi mungi nga kwotadde n'ebikudumo ebiva mu makolero ebikulukutiramu awatali kusooka kusengejjebwa. Kino nno kyabulabe nnyo eri eby'obutonde ebiri mu nnyanja eby'olekedde okusaanawo. Waliwo enjogera egamba nti "ennyanja tenoga" etali nnungi nnyo kubanga ereetera abantu obutafaayo nga bamala gasuula n'okuyiwa buli kye basanze mu nnyanja. Ennyanja eno etweyagaza nga Abafirika kubanga nnyanja erimu amazzi amalamu, amayonjo era agataliimu munnyu, ensi ezimu kye zitalina. N'olwekyo kikulu nnyo eky'okugikuuma n'okugirabirira. Okugikuuma nga tesaanawo tusaanidde okukola bino; okusimba emiti, okugirabirira n'obutasaanyaawo bibira, okutaasa emigga n'entobazi ebiyiwa amazzi gaabyo mu nnyanja eno ne bigigabirira n'okugezaako okutangira okukulugguka kwettaka lireme kugenda mu migga kubanga emigga giritwala mu nnyanja eno ate olwo ne kigireetera okugenda nga ejjula ettaka. == References == 6who4avso13r28hwf75nart98nkoz5u 74360 74358 2026-09-09T17:58:06Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Ntereezezza ekijuliziddwa n'empandiika 74360 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Victoria_lake_landsat_7.png|thumb]] [[File:View at Lake Victoria (Uganda).jpg|thumb|Ennyanja Nnalubaale]] '''Nnalubaale''' y'ennyanja esinga obunene ku ssemazinga [[Afirika]] ate munsi yonna ekwata kyakubiri nga eddirira ennyanja eyitibwa Superior esangibwa ku ssemazinga [[Amerika]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2026-08-14 |title=Lake Victoria {{!}} Size, Map, Countries, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Lake-Victoria |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>.Obugazi bwayo bugisobozesa okutuuka munsi ssatu omuli [[Uganda]], [[Kenya]] ne [[Tanzania]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Lake Victoria - The Encyclopedia of Earth |url=https://editors.eol.org/eoearth/wiki/Lake_Victoria |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20230821140619/https://editors.eol.org/eoearth/wiki/Lake_Victoria |archive-date=2023-08-21 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=editors.eol.org |language=en}}</ref> == Essomansi. == [[File:Lake Victoria Morning Tranquility.jpg|thumb|Ennyanja Nnalubaale]] Nnalubaale egabirirwa emigga mingi nnyo, nga mu gino, egisinga obunene mulimu [[Katonga]], nga guno gusibuka mu bitundu eby'obugwa njuba bwa Uganda, omugga [[Kagera]] nga guno gusibuka mu nsi y'e[[Burundi]].Ennyanja eno eriko omugga Kiyira ogukulukuta nga guva ku nnyanja eno.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />Ennyanja eno era erimu ebizinga bingi nnyo nga ebizinga by'eSsesse ne [[Buvuma Island|Buvuma]].<ref name=":0" /> Ebizinga bino biriko abantu bangi era nga bakolerako n'emirimu mingi nga [[okulima]]. Ebizinga bino era kifo ebinyonyi ebiva ku ssemazinga endala nga [[Bulaaya]] kwe bijja n'ebiwummulira n'okwalulirako naddala mu biseera e Bulaaya bwe wabeererayo obutiti. Kino nno kireetera abalambuzi okwettanira ennyo ennyanja eno. == Ebyafaayo by'ennyanja eno. == == Eby'ennyanja n'okuvuba ku yo. == Ennyanja eno evubibwamu eby'ennyanja nga empuuta, engege, mukene, enkejje, ssemutundu, emmamba, emmale ko n'ebirala bingi. Ebisolo n'ebinyonyi nkumu nabyo bisangibwamu.Ennyanja eno eyimirizzaawo obulamu bw'abantu abagiriraanye ko n'ebyenfuna eby'amawanga gano asatu[<nowiki/>[[Yuganda]],[[Kenya]] ne [[Tanzania]]]. Eyimirizzaawo eby'obusuubuzi nga obuvubi anti amakolero mangi agakola ku by'ennyanja gazimbiddwa era gawadde abantu emirimu ntoko. Eby'entambula nabyo bikulaakulanye nga amaato omuli amatono, ebidyeri ko n'emmeeri bitambuza abantu ko n'ebyamaguzi ku nnyanja eno. Era ennyanja eno eyimirizzaawo amakolero amalala mangi ageeyambisa amazzi gaayo ate era n'ebitongole by'amazzi biggyamu amazzi g'ebisengejja olwo ne gagabirwa ebibuga okukozesa. == Embeera y'okukuuma ennyanja eno. == Naye ate ebyembi ennyanja eno eri mu buzibu obw'okusaanyizibwawo kubanga kazambi mungi nga kwotadde n'ebikudumo ebiva mu makolero ebikulukutiramu awatali kusooka kusengejjebwa. Kino nno kyabulabe nnyo eri eby'obutonde ebiri mu nnyanja eby'olekedde okusaanawo. Waliwo enjogera egamba nti "ennyanja tenoga" etali nnungi nnyo kubanga ereetera abantu obutafaayo nga bamala gasuula n'okuyiwa buli kye basanze mu nnyanja. Ennyanja eno etweyagaza nga Abafirika kubanga nnyanja erimu amazzi amalamu, amayonjo era agataliimu munnyu, ensi ezimu kye zitalina. N'olwekyo kikulu nnyo eky'okugikuuma n'okugirabirira. Okugikuuma nga tesaanawo tusaanidde okukola bino; okusimba emiti, okugirabirira n'obutasaanyaawo bibira, okutaasa emigga n'entobazi ebiyiwa amazzi gaabyo mu nnyanja eno ne bigigabirira n'okugezaako okutangira okukulugguka kwettaka lireme kugenda mu migga kubanga emigga giritwala mu nnyanja eno ate olwo ne kigireetera okugenda nga ejjula ettaka. == References == gtblc9gyajr1skos3s98axbxvpkccd6 74387 74360 2026-09-10T05:28:37Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 74387 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Victoria_lake_landsat_7.png|thumb]] [[File:View at Lake Victoria (Uganda).jpg|thumb|Ennyanja Nnalubaale]] '''Nnalubaale''' y'ennyanja esinga obunene ku ssemazinga [[Afirika]] ate munsi yonna ekwata kyakubiri nga eddirira ennyanja eyitibwa Superior esangibwa ku ssemazinga [[Amerika]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2026-08-14 |title=Lake Victoria {{!}} Size, Map, Countries, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Lake-Victoria |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref>.Obugazi bwayo bugisobozesa okutuuka munsi ssatu omuli [[Uganda]], [[Kenya]] ne [[Tanzania]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Lake Victoria - The Encyclopedia of Earth |url=https://editors.eol.org/eoearth/wiki/Lake_Victoria |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230821140619/https://editors.eol.org/eoearth/wiki/Lake_Victoria |archive-date=2023-08-21 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=editors.eol.org |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> == Essomansi. == [[File:Lake Victoria Morning Tranquility.jpg|thumb|Ennyanja Nnalubaale]] Nnalubaale egabirirwa emigga mingi nnyo, nga mu gino, egisinga obunene mulimu [[Katonga]], nga guno gusibuka mu bitundu eby'obugwa njuba bwa Uganda, omugga [[Kagera]] nga guno gusibuka mu nsi y'e[[Burundi]].Ennyanja eno eriko omugga Kiyira ogukulukuta nga guva ku nnyanja eno.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />Ennyanja eno era erimu ebizinga bingi nnyo nga ebizinga by'eSsesse ne [[Buvuma Island|Buvuma]].<ref name=":0" /> Ebizinga bino biriko abantu bangi era nga bakolerako n'emirimu mingi nga [[okulima]]. Ebizinga bino era kifo ebinyonyi ebiva ku ssemazinga endala nga [[Bulaaya]] kwe bijja n'ebiwummulira n'okwalulirako naddala mu biseera e Bulaaya bwe wabeererayo obutiti. Kino nno kireetera abalambuzi okwettanira ennyo ennyanja eno. == Ebyafaayo by'ennyanja eno. == == Eby'ennyanja n'okuvuba ku yo. == Ennyanja eno evubibwamu eby'ennyanja nga empuuta, engege, mukene, enkejje, ssemutundu, emmamba, emmale ko n'ebirala bingi. Ebisolo n'ebinyonyi nkumu nabyo bisangibwamu.Ennyanja eno eyimirizzaawo obulamu bw'abantu abagiriraanye ko n'ebyenfuna eby'amawanga gano asatu[<nowiki/>[[Yuganda]],[[Kenya]] ne [[Tanzania]]]. Eyimirizzaawo eby'obusuubuzi nga obuvubi anti amakolero mangi agakola ku by'ennyanja gazimbiddwa era gawadde abantu emirimu ntoko. Eby'entambula nabyo bikulaakulanye nga amaato omuli amatono, ebidyeri ko n'emmeeri bitambuza abantu ko n'ebyamaguzi ku nnyanja eno. Era ennyanja eno eyimirizzaawo amakolero amalala mangi ageeyambisa amazzi gaayo ate era n'ebitongole by'amazzi biggyamu amazzi g'ebisengejja olwo ne gagabirwa ebibuga okukozesa. == Embeera y'okukuuma ennyanja eno. == Naye ate ebyembi ennyanja eno eri mu buzibu obw'okusaanyizibwawo kubanga kazambi mungi nga kwotadde n'ebikudumo ebiva mu makolero ebikulukutiramu awatali kusooka kusengejjebwa. Kino nno kyabulabe nnyo eri eby'obutonde ebiri mu nnyanja eby'olekedde okusaanawo. Waliwo enjogera egamba nti "ennyanja tenoga" etali nnungi nnyo kubanga ereetera abantu obutafaayo nga bamala gasuula n'okuyiwa buli kye basanze mu nnyanja. Ennyanja eno etweyagaza nga Abafirika kubanga nnyanja erimu amazzi amalamu, amayonjo era agataliimu munnyu, ensi ezimu kye zitalina. N'olwekyo kikulu nnyo eky'okugikuuma n'okugirabirira. Okugikuuma nga tesaanawo tusaanidde okukola bino; okusimba emiti, okugirabirira n'obutasaanyaawo bibira, okutaasa emigga n'entobazi ebiyiwa amazzi gaabyo mu nnyanja eno ne bigigabirira n'okugezaako okutangira okukulugguka kwettaka lireme kugenda mu migga kubanga emigga giritwala mu nnyanja eno ate olwo ne kigireetera okugenda nga ejjula ettaka. == References == odkhd1t8qktf58f2hvu9tse0bay1lxp Katonga 0 4125 74361 35399 2026-09-09T18:02:29Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Ntereezezza ekijuliziddwa n'empandiika 74361 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rivers and lakes of Uganda.png|340px|right]] Omugga Katonga gusangibwa mu nsi [[Uganda]]. Gusibuka mu bugwanjuba bwa Uganda mu nnyanja [[Goerge]] olwo ne gusiyagguka eggendo nga guyita mu disitulikiti omuli Kamwenge, Ibanda, Mubende, Mityana, Kiruhuura, [[Gomba (disitulikit)|Gomba]], Butambala, Mpigi, Ssembabule, Bukomansimbi ne [[Kalungu (disitulikit)|Kalungu]] okutuukira ddala mu nnyanja [[Nnalubaale]] nga guweza mayiro 140 nnambirira. Kigambibwa nti mu biseera eby'edda ennyo nga ennyanja Nnalubaale tennabaawo, omugga guno gwakulukutanga gudda e bugwanjuba mu nnyanja [[George]] kyokka olw'enkyukakyuka y'ensi, gyeguva bwe wajjawo ekikko ne gukyuka ne gutandika okukulukuta nga gudda ebuvanjuba okuyiwa mu kinnya obwaguuga ekyafuukamu ennyanja Nnalubaale. Omugga guno Katonga guliko emigga emirala emitonotono egigugabirira nga [[olutobazi nabajjuzi]] olwo ne gugenda okutuuka mu [[Nnalubaale]] nga mugga munene ddala. Katonga gwe gumu ku migga egisinga obunene mu gigabirira ennyanja Nnalubaale. Ku nsibuko yaagwo emu waliyo ekkuumiro ly'ebisolo erya Katonga era nga gukolebwako eby'enkulaakulana bingi gamba ng'obulambuzi, obuvubi, entambula, amazzi n'ebirala bingi. [[File:Equator Uganda2.jpg|left|thumb|Equator Uganda2.jpg ]] Okuva edda n'edda nga omugga guno gumanyiddwa era bajjajjaffe baaguggyako n'enjogera egamba nti "Oli mu kulya Katonga ajjula" nga erabula abantu obutaba bagayaavu naye balabuukirirenga embeera eza buli ngeri obudde bwonna. Kino kyava ku lugero olugamba nti lumu waaliwo abaali bagenze ku mbaga emitala w'omugga guno naye nga we baasomokera omugga guno nga gwakala olw'omusana. Ku mbaga baamalayo ennaku nnyingi, bagenda okudda nga omugga guzzeemu okukulukuta nga n'okubooga gubooze. Awo omu kwe kugamba banne nti obwedda tuli mu kulya (ku mbaga) nga Katonga ajjula! Bw'oba nga ova e [[Kampala]] ku luguudo lw'e [[Masaka]] ogusanga nga waakayisa [[equator]] n'akabuga k'e Kayabwe. Mugga gulabika nga munene nnyo ate nga gujjuddemu ebitoogo. Omugga guno mukulu nnyo anti gwe gumu ku giyimirizzaawo ennyanja [[Nnalubaale]] ko n'okuwanirira eby'obulimi mu kitundu ky'amassekkati ga [[Uganda]] kubanga guyambako mu kutonnyesa enkuba n'okugimusa ettaka. Kisaanye nno omugga guno okukuumibwa obutiribiri anti gwe gumu ku bifuula Uganda okuba ekkula. Okukuuma omugga guno weewale bino; okusuula ebisasiro mu mugga, okuyiwamu ettaka oba [[okulima]] nga totangira kukulugguka kwa ttaka, okulimamu emmere, okuzimbamu amayumba, okutemamu emikutu n'ebirala ebiringa ebyo. Tukwasize wamu tusobole okutaasa omugga gwaffe guno era n'ennyanja yaffe [[Nnalubaale]]. Tujjukire nti obutonde bwe butuyimirizaawo. 2vl4j2xencrrce6yo9506j67r3sn9tb Module:Check for unknown parameters 828 4474 74237 50542 2026-06-28T22:16:03Z en>MSGJ 0 +pushpin_map 74237 Scribunto text/plain -- This module may be used to compare the arguments passed to the parent -- with a list of arguments, returning a specified result if an argument is -- not on the list require ('strict'); local p = {} local pushpin_map_params = { 'coordinates', 'pushpin_caption', 'pushpin_relief', 'pushpin_label', 'pushpin_label_position', 'pushpin_label_size', 'pushpin_map', 'pushpin_mark', 'pushpin_mark_size', 'pushpin_alt', 'pushpin_background', 'pushpin_map_size' } local mapframe_params = { 'coord', 'coordinates', 'id', 'qid', 'mapframe', 'mapframe-area_km2', 'mapframe-area_mi2', 'mapframe-caption', 'mapframe-coord', 'mapframe-coordinates', 'mapframe-custom', 'mapframe-frame-coord', 'mapframe-frame-coordinates', 'mapframe-frame-height', 'mapframe-frame-width', 'mapframe-geomask', 'mapframe-geomask-fill', 'mapframe-geomask-fill-opacity', 'mapframe-geomask-stroke-color', 'mapframe-geomask-stroke-colour', 'mapframe-geomask-stroke-width', 'mapframe-height', 'mapframe-id', 'mapframe-length_km', 'mapframe-length_mi', 'mapframe-line', 'mapframe-line-stroke-color', 'mapframe-line-stroke-colour', 'mapframe-marker', 'mapframe-marker-color', 'mapframe-marker-colour', 'mapframe-point', 'mapframe-population', 'mapframe-shape', 'mapframe-shape-fill', 'mapframe-shape-fill-opacity', 'mapframe-shape-stroke-color', 'mapframe-shape-stroke-colour', 'mapframe-stroke-color', 'mapframe-stroke-colour', 'mapframe-stroke-width', 'mapframe-switcher', 'mapframe-type', 'mapframe-width', 'mapframe-wikidata', 'mapframe-zoom' } local function trim(s) return s:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') end local function isnotempty(s) return s and s:match('%S') end local function clean(text) -- Return text cleaned for display and truncated if too long. -- Strip markers are replaced with dummy text representing the original wikitext. local pos, truncated local function truncate(text) if truncated then return '' end if mw.ustring.len(text) > 25 then truncated = true text = mw.ustring.sub(text, 1, 25) .. '...' end return mw.text.nowiki(text) end local parts = {} for before, tag, remainder in text:gmatch('([^\127]*)\127[^\127]*%-(%l+)%-[^\127]*\127()') do pos = remainder table.insert(parts, truncate(before) .. '&lt;' .. tag .. '&gt;...&lt;/' .. tag .. '&gt;') end table.insert(parts, truncate(text:sub(pos or 1))) return table.concat(parts) end function p._check(args, pargs) if type(args) ~= "table" or type(pargs) ~= "table" then -- TODO: error handling return end -- create the list of known args, regular expressions, and the return string local knownargs = {} if isnotempty(args['mapframe_args']) then for _, v in ipairs(mapframe_params) do knownargs[v] = 1 end end if isnotempty(args['pushpin_map_args']) then for _, v in ipairs(pushpin_map_params) do knownargs[v] = 1 end end local regexps = {} for k, v in pairs(args) do if type(k) == 'number' then v = trim(v) knownargs[v] = 1 elseif k:find('^regexp[1-9][0-9]*$') then table.insert(regexps, '^' .. v .. '$') end end -- loop over the parent args, and make sure they are on the list local ignoreblank = isnotempty(args['ignoreblank']) local showblankpos = isnotempty(args['showblankpositional']) local values = {} for k, v in pairs(pargs) do if type(k) == 'string' and knownargs[k] == nil then local knownflag = false for _, regexp in ipairs(regexps) do if mw.ustring.match(k, regexp) then knownflag = true break end end if not knownflag and ( not ignoreblank or isnotempty(v) ) then table.insert(values, clean(k)) end elseif type(k) == 'number' and knownargs[tostring(k)] == nil then local knownflag = false for _, regexp in ipairs(regexps) do if mw.ustring.match(tostring(k), regexp) then knownflag = true break end end if not knownflag and ( showblankpos or isnotempty(v) ) then table.insert(values, k .. ' = ' .. clean(v)) end end end -- add results to the output tables local res = {} if #values > 0 then local unknown_text = args['unknown'] or 'Found _VALUE_, ' if mw.getCurrentFrame():preprocess( "{{REVISIONID}}" ) == "" then local preview_text = args['preview'] if isnotempty(preview_text) then preview_text = require('Module:If preview')._warning({preview_text}) elseif preview_text == nil then preview_text = unknown_text end unknown_text = preview_text end for _, v in pairs(values) do -- Fix odd bug for | = which gets stripped to the empty string and -- breaks category links if v == '' then v = ' ' end -- avoid error with v = 'example%2' ("invalid capture index") local r = unknown_text:gsub('_VALUE_', {_VALUE_ = v}) table.insert(res, r) end end return table.concat(res) end function p.check(frame) local args = frame.args local pargs = frame:getParent().args return p._check(args, pargs) end return p kohqf9fxewyce9gq1kljbz0180u8sl1 74238 74237 2026-09-09T16:22:14Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Module:Check_for_unknown_parameters]]: Importing Orphan Template 74237 Scribunto text/plain -- This module may be used to compare the arguments passed to the parent -- with a list of arguments, returning a specified result if an argument is -- not on the list require ('strict'); local p = {} local pushpin_map_params = { 'coordinates', 'pushpin_caption', 'pushpin_relief', 'pushpin_label', 'pushpin_label_position', 'pushpin_label_size', 'pushpin_map', 'pushpin_mark', 'pushpin_mark_size', 'pushpin_alt', 'pushpin_background', 'pushpin_map_size' } local mapframe_params = { 'coord', 'coordinates', 'id', 'qid', 'mapframe', 'mapframe-area_km2', 'mapframe-area_mi2', 'mapframe-caption', 'mapframe-coord', 'mapframe-coordinates', 'mapframe-custom', 'mapframe-frame-coord', 'mapframe-frame-coordinates', 'mapframe-frame-height', 'mapframe-frame-width', 'mapframe-geomask', 'mapframe-geomask-fill', 'mapframe-geomask-fill-opacity', 'mapframe-geomask-stroke-color', 'mapframe-geomask-stroke-colour', 'mapframe-geomask-stroke-width', 'mapframe-height', 'mapframe-id', 'mapframe-length_km', 'mapframe-length_mi', 'mapframe-line', 'mapframe-line-stroke-color', 'mapframe-line-stroke-colour', 'mapframe-marker', 'mapframe-marker-color', 'mapframe-marker-colour', 'mapframe-point', 'mapframe-population', 'mapframe-shape', 'mapframe-shape-fill', 'mapframe-shape-fill-opacity', 'mapframe-shape-stroke-color', 'mapframe-shape-stroke-colour', 'mapframe-stroke-color', 'mapframe-stroke-colour', 'mapframe-stroke-width', 'mapframe-switcher', 'mapframe-type', 'mapframe-width', 'mapframe-wikidata', 'mapframe-zoom' } local function trim(s) return s:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') end local function isnotempty(s) return s and s:match('%S') end local function clean(text) -- Return text cleaned for display and truncated if too long. -- Strip markers are replaced with dummy text representing the original wikitext. local pos, truncated local function truncate(text) if truncated then return '' end if mw.ustring.len(text) > 25 then truncated = true text = mw.ustring.sub(text, 1, 25) .. '...' end return mw.text.nowiki(text) end local parts = {} for before, tag, remainder in text:gmatch('([^\127]*)\127[^\127]*%-(%l+)%-[^\127]*\127()') do pos = remainder table.insert(parts, truncate(before) .. '&lt;' .. tag .. '&gt;...&lt;/' .. tag .. '&gt;') end table.insert(parts, truncate(text:sub(pos or 1))) return table.concat(parts) end function p._check(args, pargs) if type(args) ~= "table" or type(pargs) ~= "table" then -- TODO: error handling return end -- create the list of known args, regular expressions, and the return string local knownargs = {} if isnotempty(args['mapframe_args']) then for _, v in ipairs(mapframe_params) do knownargs[v] = 1 end end if isnotempty(args['pushpin_map_args']) then for _, v in ipairs(pushpin_map_params) do knownargs[v] = 1 end end local regexps = {} for k, v in pairs(args) do if type(k) == 'number' then v = trim(v) knownargs[v] = 1 elseif k:find('^regexp[1-9][0-9]*$') then table.insert(regexps, '^' .. v .. '$') end end -- loop over the parent args, and make sure they are on the list local ignoreblank = isnotempty(args['ignoreblank']) local showblankpos = isnotempty(args['showblankpositional']) local values = {} for k, v in pairs(pargs) do if type(k) == 'string' and knownargs[k] == nil then local knownflag = false for _, regexp in ipairs(regexps) do if mw.ustring.match(k, regexp) then knownflag = true break end end if not knownflag and ( not ignoreblank or isnotempty(v) ) then table.insert(values, clean(k)) end elseif type(k) == 'number' and knownargs[tostring(k)] == nil then local knownflag = false for _, regexp in ipairs(regexps) do if mw.ustring.match(tostring(k), regexp) then knownflag = true break end end if not knownflag and ( showblankpos or isnotempty(v) ) then table.insert(values, k .. ' = ' .. clean(v)) end end end -- add results to the output tables local res = {} if #values > 0 then local unknown_text = args['unknown'] or 'Found _VALUE_, ' if mw.getCurrentFrame():preprocess( "{{REVISIONID}}" ) == "" then local preview_text = args['preview'] if isnotempty(preview_text) then preview_text = require('Module:If preview')._warning({preview_text}) elseif preview_text == nil then preview_text = unknown_text end unknown_text = preview_text end for _, v in pairs(values) do -- Fix odd bug for | = which gets stripped to the empty string and -- breaks category links if v == '' then v = ' ' end -- avoid error with v = 'example%2' ("invalid capture index") local r = unknown_text:gsub('_VALUE_', {_VALUE_ = v}) table.insert(res, r) end end return table.concat(res) end function p.check(frame) local args = frame.args local pargs = frame:getParent().args return p._check(args, pargs) end return p kohqf9fxewyce9gq1kljbz0180u8sl1 Module:String 828 4501 74239 28290 2025-08-11T23:48:56Z en>Pppery 0 Fix 74239 Scribunto text/plain --[[ This module is intended to provide access to basic string functions. Most of the functions provided here can be invoked with named parameters, unnamed parameters, or a mixture. If named parameters are used, Mediawiki will automatically remove any leading or trailing whitespace from the parameter. Depending on the intended use, it may be advantageous to either preserve or remove such whitespace. Global options ignore_errors: If set to 'true' or 1, any error condition will result in an empty string being returned rather than an error message. error_category: If an error occurs, specifies the name of a category to include with the error message. The default category is [Category:Errors reported by Module String]. no_category: If set to 'true' or 1, no category will be added if an error is generated. Unit tests for this module are available at Module:String/tests. ]] local str = {} --[[ len This function returns the length of the target string. Usage: {{#invoke:String|len|target_string|}} OR {{#invoke:String|len|s=target_string}} Parameters s: The string whose length to report If invoked using named parameters, Mediawiki will automatically remove any leading or trailing whitespace from the target string. ]] function str.len( frame ) local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'s'} ) local s = new_args['s'] or '' return mw.ustring.len( s ) end --[[ sub This function returns a substring of the target string at specified indices. Usage: {{#invoke:String|sub|target_string|start_index|end_index}} OR {{#invoke:String|sub|s=target_string|i=start_index|j=end_index}} Parameters s: The string to return a subset of i: The first index of the substring to return, defaults to 1. j: The last index of the string to return, defaults to the last character. The first character of the string is assigned an index of 1. If either i or j is a negative value, it is interpreted the same as selecting a character by counting from the end of the string. Hence, a value of -1 is the same as selecting the last character of the string. If the requested indices are out of range for the given string, an error is reported. ]] function str.sub( frame ) local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, { 's', 'i', 'j' } ) local s = new_args['s'] or '' local i = tonumber( new_args['i'] ) or 1 local j = tonumber( new_args['j'] ) or -1 local len = mw.ustring.len( s ) -- Convert negatives for range checking if i < 0 then i = len + i + 1 end if j < 0 then j = len + j + 1 end if i > len or j > len or i < 1 or j < 1 then return str._error( 'String subset index out of range' ) end if j < i then return str._error( 'String subset indices out of order' ) end return mw.ustring.sub( s, i, j ) end --[[ This function implements that features of {{str sub old}} and is kept in order to maintain these older templates. ]] function str.sublength( frame ) local i = tonumber( frame.args.i ) or 0 local len = tonumber( frame.args.len ) return mw.ustring.sub( frame.args.s, i + 1, len and ( i + len ) ) end --[[ _match This function returns a substring from the source string that matches a specified pattern. It is exported for use in other modules Usage: strmatch = require("Module:String")._match sresult = strmatch( s, pattern, start, match, plain, nomatch ) Parameters s: The string to search pattern: The pattern or string to find within the string start: The index within the source string to start the search. The first character of the string has index 1. Defaults to 1. match: In some cases it may be possible to make multiple matches on a single string. This specifies which match to return, where the first match is match= 1. If a negative number is specified then a match is returned counting from the last match. Hence match = -1 is the same as requesting the last match. Defaults to 1. plain: A flag indicating that the pattern should be understood as plain text. Defaults to false. nomatch: If no match is found, output the "nomatch" value rather than an error. For information on constructing Lua patterns, a form of [regular expression], see: * http://www.lua.org/manual/5.1/manual.html#5.4.1 * http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Patterns * http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Ustring_patterns ]] -- This sub-routine is exported for use in other modules function str._match( s, pattern, start, match_index, plain_flag, nomatch ) if s == '' then return str._error( 'Target string is empty' ) end if pattern == '' then return str._error( 'Pattern string is empty' ) end start = tonumber(start) or 1 if math.abs(start) < 1 or math.abs(start) > mw.ustring.len( s ) then return str._error( 'Requested start is out of range' ) end if match_index == 0 then return str._error( 'Match index is out of range' ) end if plain_flag then pattern = str._escapePattern( pattern ) end local result if match_index == 1 then -- Find first match is simple case result = mw.ustring.match( s, pattern, start ) else if start > 1 then s = mw.ustring.sub( s, start ) end local iterator = mw.ustring.gmatch(s, pattern) if match_index > 0 then -- Forward search for w in iterator do match_index = match_index - 1 if match_index == 0 then result = w break end end else -- Reverse search local result_table = {} local count = 1 for w in iterator do result_table[count] = w count = count + 1 end result = result_table[ count + match_index ] end end if result == nil then if nomatch == nil then return str._error( 'Match not found' ) else return nomatch end else return result end end --[[ match This function returns a substring from the source string that matches a specified pattern. Usage: {{#invoke:String|match|source_string|pattern_string|start_index|match_number|plain_flag|nomatch_output}} OR {{#invoke:String|match|s=source_string|pattern=pattern_string|start=start_index |match=match_number|plain=plain_flag|nomatch=nomatch_output}} Parameters s: The string to search pattern: The pattern or string to find within the string start: The index within the source string to start the search. The first character of the string has index 1. Defaults to 1. match: In some cases it may be possible to make multiple matches on a single string. This specifies which match to return, where the first match is match= 1. If a negative number is specified then a match is returned counting from the last match. Hence match = -1 is the same as requesting the last match. Defaults to 1. plain: A flag indicating that the pattern should be understood as plain text. Defaults to false. nomatch: If no match is found, output the "nomatch" value rather than an error. If invoked using named parameters, Mediawiki will automatically remove any leading or trailing whitespace from each string. In some circumstances this is desirable, in other cases one may want to preserve the whitespace. If the match_number or start_index are out of range for the string being queried, then this function generates an error. An error is also generated if no match is found. If one adds the parameter ignore_errors=true, then the error will be suppressed and an empty string will be returned on any failure. For information on constructing Lua patterns, a form of [regular expression], see: * http://www.lua.org/manual/5.1/manual.html#5.4.1 * http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Patterns * http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Ustring_patterns ]] -- This is the entry point for #invoke:String|match function str.match( frame ) local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'s', 'pattern', 'start', 'match', 'plain', 'nomatch'} ) local s = new_args['s'] or '' local start = tonumber( new_args['start'] ) or 1 local plain_flag = str._getBoolean( new_args['plain'] or false ) local pattern = new_args['pattern'] or '' local match_index = math.floor( tonumber(new_args['match']) or 1 ) local nomatch = new_args['nomatch'] return str._match( s, pattern, start, match_index, plain_flag, nomatch ) end --[[ pos This function returns a single character from the target string at position pos. Usage: {{#invoke:String|pos|target_string|index_value}} OR {{#invoke:String|pos|target=target_string|pos=index_value}} Parameters target: The string to search pos: The index for the character to return If invoked using named parameters, Mediawiki will automatically remove any leading or trailing whitespace from the target string. In some circumstances this is desirable, in other cases one may want to preserve the whitespace. The first character has an index value of 1. If one requests a negative value, this function will select a character by counting backwards from the end of the string. In other words pos = -1 is the same as asking for the last character. A requested value of zero, or a value greater than the length of the string returns an error. ]] function str.pos( frame ) local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'target', 'pos'} ) local target_str = new_args['target'] or '' local pos = tonumber( new_args['pos'] ) or 0 if pos == 0 or math.abs(pos) > mw.ustring.len( target_str ) then return str._error( 'String index out of range' ) end return mw.ustring.sub( target_str, pos, pos ) end --[[ str_find This function duplicates the behavior of {{str_find}}, including all of its quirks. This is provided in order to support existing templates, but is NOT RECOMMENDED for new code and templates. New code is recommended to use the "find" function instead. Returns the first index in "source" that is a match to "target". Indexing is 1-based, and the function returns -1 if the "target" string is not present in "source". Important Note: If the "target" string is empty / missing, this function returns a value of "1", which is generally unexpected behavior, and must be accounted for separatetly. ]] function str.str_find( frame ) local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'source', 'target'} ) local source_str = new_args['source'] or '' local target_str = new_args['target'] or '' if target_str == '' then return 1 end local start = mw.ustring.find( source_str, target_str, 1, true ) if start == nil then start = -1 end return start end --[[ find This function allows one to search for a target string or pattern within another string. Usage: {{#invoke:String|find|source_str|target_string|start_index|plain_flag}} OR {{#invoke:String|find|source=source_str|target=target_str|start=start_index|plain=plain_flag}} Parameters source: The string to search target: The string or pattern to find within source start: The index within the source string to start the search, defaults to 1 plain: Boolean flag indicating that target should be understood as plain text and not as a Lua style regular expression, defaults to true If invoked using named parameters, Mediawiki will automatically remove any leading or trailing whitespace from the parameter. In some circumstances this is desirable, in other cases one may want to preserve the whitespace. This function returns the first index >= "start" where "target" can be found within "source". Indices are 1-based. If "target" is not found, then this function returns 0. If either "source" or "target" are missing / empty, this function also returns 0. This function should be safe for UTF-8 strings. ]] function str.find( frame ) local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'source', 'target', 'start', 'plain' } ) local source_str = new_args['source'] or '' local pattern = new_args['target'] or '' local start_pos = tonumber(new_args['start']) or 1 local plain = new_args['plain'] or true if source_str == '' or pattern == '' then return 0 end plain = str._getBoolean( plain ) local start = mw.ustring.find( source_str, pattern, start_pos, plain ) if start == nil then start = 0 end return start end --[[ replace This function allows one to replace a target string or pattern within another string. Usage: {{#invoke:String|replace|source_str|pattern_string|replace_string|replacement_count|plain_flag}} OR {{#invoke:String|replace|source=source_string|pattern=pattern_string|replace=replace_string| count=replacement_count|plain=plain_flag}} Parameters source: The string to search pattern: The string or pattern to find within source replace: The replacement text count: The number of occurences to replace, defaults to all. plain: Boolean flag indicating that pattern should be understood as plain text and not as a Lua style regular expression, defaults to true ]] function str.replace( frame ) local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'source', 'pattern', 'replace', 'count', 'plain' } ) local source_str = new_args['source'] or '' local pattern = new_args['pattern'] or '' local replace = new_args['replace'] or '' local count = tonumber( new_args['count'] ) local plain = new_args['plain'] or true if source_str == '' or pattern == '' then return source_str end plain = str._getBoolean( plain ) if plain then pattern = str._escapePattern( pattern ) replace = string.gsub( replace, "%%", "%%%%" ) --Only need to escape replacement sequences. end local result if count ~= nil then result = mw.ustring.gsub( source_str, pattern, replace, count ) else result = mw.ustring.gsub( source_str, pattern, replace ) end return result end --[[ simple function to pipe string.rep to templates. ]] function str.rep( frame ) local repetitions = tonumber( frame.args[2] ) if not repetitions then return str._error( 'function rep expects a number as second parameter, received "' .. ( frame.args[2] or '' ) .. '"' ) end return string.rep( frame.args[1] or '', repetitions ) end --[[ escapePattern This function escapes special characters from a Lua string pattern. See [1] for details on how patterns work. [1] https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Patterns Usage: {{#invoke:String|escapePattern|pattern_string}} Parameters pattern_string: The pattern string to escape. ]] function str.escapePattern( frame ) local pattern_str = frame.args[1] if not pattern_str then return str._error( 'No pattern string specified' ) end local result = str._escapePattern( pattern_str ) return result end --[[ count This function counts the number of occurrences of one string in another. ]] function str.count(frame) local args = str._getParameters(frame.args, {'source', 'pattern', 'plain'}) local source = args.source or '' local pattern = args.pattern or '' local plain = str._getBoolean(args.plain or true) if plain then pattern = str._escapePattern(pattern) end local _, count = mw.ustring.gsub(source, pattern, '') return count end --[[ endswith This function determines whether a string ends with another string. ]] function str.endswith(frame) local args = str._getParameters(frame.args, {'source', 'pattern'}) local source = args.source or '' local pattern = args.pattern or '' if pattern == '' then -- All strings end with the empty string. return "yes" end if mw.ustring.sub(source, -mw.ustring.len(pattern), -1) == pattern then return "yes" else return "" end end --[[ join Join all non empty arguments together; the first argument is the separator. Usage: {{#invoke:String|join|sep|one|two|three}} ]] function str.join(frame) local args = {} local sep for _, v in ipairs( frame.args ) do if sep then if v ~= '' then table.insert(args, v) end else sep = v end end return table.concat( args, sep or '' ) end -- findpagetext returns the position of a piece of text in a page -- First positional parameter or |text is the search text -- Optional parameter |title is the page title, defaults to current page -- Optional parameter |plain is either true for plain search (default) or false for Lua pattern search -- Optional parameter |nomatch is the return value when no match is found; default is nil function str._findpagetext(args) -- process parameters local nomatch = args.nomatch or "" if nomatch == "" then nomatch = nil end -- local text = mw.text.trim(args[1] or args.text or "") if text == "" then return nil end -- local title = args.title or "" local titleobj if title == "" then titleobj = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() else titleobj = mw.title.new(title) end -- local plain = args.plain or "" if plain:sub(1, 1) == "f" then plain = false else plain = true end -- get the page content and look for 'text' - return position or nomatch local content = titleobj and titleobj:getContent() return content and mw.ustring.find(content, text, 1, plain) or nomatch end function str.findpagetext(frame) local args = frame.args local pargs = frame:getParent().args for k, v in pairs(pargs) do args[k] = v end if not (args[1] or args.text) then return nil end -- just the first value return (str._findpagetext(args)) end --[[ Helper function that populates the argument list given that user may need to use a mix of named and unnamed parameters. This is relevant because named parameters are not identical to unnamed parameters due to string trimming, and when dealing with strings we sometimes want to either preserve or remove that whitespace depending on the application. ]] function str._getParameters( frame_args, arg_list ) local new_args = {} local index = 1 local value for _, arg in ipairs( arg_list ) do value = frame_args[arg] if value == nil then value = frame_args[index] index = index + 1 end new_args[arg] = value end return new_args end --[[ Helper function to handle error messages. ]] function str._error( error_str ) local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() local error_category = frame.args.error_category or 'Errors reported by Module String' local ignore_errors = frame.args.ignore_errors or false local no_category = frame.args.no_category or false if str._getBoolean(ignore_errors) then return '' end local error_str = '<strong class="error">String Module Error: ' .. error_str .. '</strong>' if error_category ~= '' and not str._getBoolean( no_category ) then error_str = '[[Category:' .. error_category .. ']]' .. error_str end return error_str end --[[ Helper Function to interpret boolean strings ]] function str._getBoolean( boolean_str ) local boolean_value if type( boolean_str ) == 'string' then boolean_str = boolean_str:lower() if boolean_str == 'false' or boolean_str == 'no' or boolean_str == '0' or boolean_str == '' then boolean_value = false else boolean_value = true end elseif type( boolean_str ) == 'boolean' then boolean_value = boolean_str else error( 'No boolean value found' ) end return boolean_value end --[[ Helper function that escapes all pattern characters so that they will be treated as plain text. ]] function str._escapePattern( pattern_str ) return ( string.gsub( pattern_str, "[%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]]", "%%%0" ) ) end return str j3b8d4sejqnvazpfl0gk0yfaa503gli 74240 51095 2026-09-09T16:22:14Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Module:String]]: Importing Orphan Template 51095 Scribunto text/plain --[[ This module is intended to provide access to basic string functions. Most of the functions provided here can be invoked with named parameters, unnamed parameters, or a mixture. If named parameters are used, Mediawiki will automatically remove any leading or trailing whitespace from the parameter. Depending on the intended use, it may be advantageous to either preserve or remove such whitespace. Global options ignore_errors: If set to 'true' or 1, any error condition will result in an empty string being returned rather than an error message. error_category: If an error occurs, specifies the name of a category to include with the error message. The default category is [Category:Errors reported by Module String]. no_category: If set to 'true' or 1, no category will be added if an error is generated. Unit tests for this module are available at Module:String/tests. ]] local str = {} --[[ len This function returns the length of the target string. Usage: {{#invoke:String|len|target_string|}} OR {{#invoke:String|len|s=target_string}} Parameters s: The string whose length to report If invoked using named parameters, Mediawiki will automatically remove any leading or trailing whitespace from the target string. ]] function str.len( frame ) local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'s'} ) local s = new_args['s'] or '' return mw.ustring.len( s ) end --[[ sub This function returns a substring of the target string at specified indices. Usage: {{#invoke:String|sub|target_string|start_index|end_index}} OR {{#invoke:String|sub|s=target_string|i=start_index|j=end_index}} Parameters s: The string to return a subset of i: The first index of the substring to return, defaults to 1. j: The last index of the string to return, defaults to the last character. The first character of the string is assigned an index of 1. If either i or j is a negative value, it is interpreted the same as selecting a character by counting from the end of the string. Hence, a value of -1 is the same as selecting the last character of the string. If the requested indices are out of range for the given string, an error is reported. ]] function str.sub( frame ) local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, { 's', 'i', 'j' } ) local s = new_args['s'] or '' local i = tonumber( new_args['i'] ) or 1 local j = tonumber( new_args['j'] ) or -1 local len = mw.ustring.len( s ) -- Convert negatives for range checking if i < 0 then i = len + i + 1 end if j < 0 then j = len + j + 1 end if i > len or j > len or i < 1 or j < 1 then return str._error( 'String subset index out of range' ) end if j < i then return str._error( 'String subset indices out of order' ) end return mw.ustring.sub( s, i, j ) end --[[ This function implements that features of {{str sub old}} and is kept in order to maintain these older templates. ]] function str.sublength( frame ) local i = tonumber( frame.args.i ) or 0 local len = tonumber( frame.args.len ) return mw.ustring.sub( frame.args.s, i + 1, len and ( i + len ) ) end --[[ _match This function returns a substring from the source string that matches a specified pattern. It is exported for use in other modules Usage: strmatch = require("Module:String")._match sresult = strmatch( s, pattern, start, match, plain, nomatch ) Parameters s: The string to search pattern: The pattern or string to find within the string start: The index within the source string to start the search. The first character of the string has index 1. Defaults to 1. match: In some cases it may be possible to make multiple matches on a single string. This specifies which match to return, where the first match is match= 1. If a negative number is specified then a match is returned counting from the last match. Hence match = -1 is the same as requesting the last match. Defaults to 1. plain: A flag indicating that the pattern should be understood as plain text. Defaults to false. nomatch: If no match is found, output the "nomatch" value rather than an error. For information on constructing Lua patterns, a form of [regular expression], see: * http://www.lua.org/manual/5.1/manual.html#5.4.1 * http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Patterns * http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Ustring_patterns ]] -- This sub-routine is exported for use in other modules function str._match( s, pattern, start, match_index, plain_flag, nomatch ) if s == '' then return str._error( 'Target string is empty' ) end if pattern == '' then return str._error( 'Pattern string is empty' ) end start = tonumber(start) or 1 if math.abs(start) < 1 or math.abs(start) > mw.ustring.len( s ) then return str._error( 'Requested start is out of range' ) end if match_index == 0 then return str._error( 'Match index is out of range' ) end if plain_flag then pattern = str._escapePattern( pattern ) end local result if match_index == 1 then -- Find first match is simple case result = mw.ustring.match( s, pattern, start ) else if start > 1 then s = mw.ustring.sub( s, start ) end local iterator = mw.ustring.gmatch(s, pattern) if match_index > 0 then -- Forward search for w in iterator do match_index = match_index - 1 if match_index == 0 then result = w break end end else -- Reverse search local result_table = {} local count = 1 for w in iterator do result_table[count] = w count = count + 1 end result = result_table[ count + match_index ] end end if result == nil then if nomatch == nil then return str._error( 'Match not found' ) else return nomatch end else return result end end --[[ match This function returns a substring from the source string that matches a specified pattern. Usage: {{#invoke:String|match|source_string|pattern_string|start_index|match_number|plain_flag|nomatch_output}} OR {{#invoke:String|match|s=source_string|pattern=pattern_string|start=start_index |match=match_number|plain=plain_flag|nomatch=nomatch_output}} Parameters s: The string to search pattern: The pattern or string to find within the string start: The index within the source string to start the search. The first character of the string has index 1. Defaults to 1. match: In some cases it may be possible to make multiple matches on a single string. This specifies which match to return, where the first match is match= 1. If a negative number is specified then a match is returned counting from the last match. Hence match = -1 is the same as requesting the last match. Defaults to 1. plain: A flag indicating that the pattern should be understood as plain text. Defaults to false. nomatch: If no match is found, output the "nomatch" value rather than an error. If invoked using named parameters, Mediawiki will automatically remove any leading or trailing whitespace from each string. In some circumstances this is desirable, in other cases one may want to preserve the whitespace. If the match_number or start_index are out of range for the string being queried, then this function generates an error. An error is also generated if no match is found. If one adds the parameter ignore_errors=true, then the error will be suppressed and an empty string will be returned on any failure. For information on constructing Lua patterns, a form of [regular expression], see: * http://www.lua.org/manual/5.1/manual.html#5.4.1 * http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Patterns * http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Ustring_patterns ]] -- This is the entry point for #invoke:String|match function str.match( frame ) local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'s', 'pattern', 'start', 'match', 'plain', 'nomatch'} ) local s = new_args['s'] or '' local start = tonumber( new_args['start'] ) or 1 local plain_flag = str._getBoolean( new_args['plain'] or false ) local pattern = new_args['pattern'] or '' local match_index = math.floor( tonumber(new_args['match']) or 1 ) local nomatch = new_args['nomatch'] return str._match( s, pattern, start, match_index, plain_flag, nomatch ) end --[[ pos This function returns a single character from the target string at position pos. Usage: {{#invoke:String|pos|target_string|index_value}} OR {{#invoke:String|pos|target=target_string|pos=index_value}} Parameters target: The string to search pos: The index for the character to return If invoked using named parameters, Mediawiki will automatically remove any leading or trailing whitespace from the target string. In some circumstances this is desirable, in other cases one may want to preserve the whitespace. The first character has an index value of 1. If one requests a negative value, this function will select a character by counting backwards from the end of the string. In other words pos = -1 is the same as asking for the last character. A requested value of zero, or a value greater than the length of the string returns an error. ]] function str.pos( frame ) local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'target', 'pos'} ) local target_str = new_args['target'] or '' local pos = tonumber( new_args['pos'] ) or 0 if pos == 0 or math.abs(pos) > mw.ustring.len( target_str ) then return str._error( 'String index out of range' ) end return mw.ustring.sub( target_str, pos, pos ) end --[[ str_find This function duplicates the behavior of {{str_find}}, including all of its quirks. This is provided in order to support existing templates, but is NOT RECOMMENDED for new code and templates. New code is recommended to use the "find" function instead. Returns the first index in "source" that is a match to "target". Indexing is 1-based, and the function returns -1 if the "target" string is not present in "source". Important Note: If the "target" string is empty / missing, this function returns a value of "1", which is generally unexpected behavior, and must be accounted for separatetly. ]] function str.str_find( frame ) local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'source', 'target'} ) local source_str = new_args['source'] or '' local target_str = new_args['target'] or '' if target_str == '' then return 1 end local start = mw.ustring.find( source_str, target_str, 1, true ) if start == nil then start = -1 end return start end --[[ find This function allows one to search for a target string or pattern within another string. Usage: {{#invoke:String|find|source_str|target_string|start_index|plain_flag}} OR {{#invoke:String|find|source=source_str|target=target_str|start=start_index|plain=plain_flag}} Parameters source: The string to search target: The string or pattern to find within source start: The index within the source string to start the search, defaults to 1 plain: Boolean flag indicating that target should be understood as plain text and not as a Lua style regular expression, defaults to true If invoked using named parameters, Mediawiki will automatically remove any leading or trailing whitespace from the parameter. In some circumstances this is desirable, in other cases one may want to preserve the whitespace. This function returns the first index >= "start" where "target" can be found within "source". Indices are 1-based. If "target" is not found, then this function returns 0. If either "source" or "target" are missing / empty, this function also returns 0. This function should be safe for UTF-8 strings. ]] function str.find( frame ) local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'source', 'target', 'start', 'plain' } ) local source_str = new_args['source'] or '' local pattern = new_args['target'] or '' local start_pos = tonumber(new_args['start']) or 1 local plain = new_args['plain'] or true if source_str == '' or pattern == '' then return 0 end plain = str._getBoolean( plain ) local start = mw.ustring.find( source_str, pattern, start_pos, plain ) if start == nil then start = 0 end return start end --[[ replace This function allows one to replace a target string or pattern within another string. Usage: {{#invoke:String|replace|source_str|pattern_string|replace_string|replacement_count|plain_flag}} OR {{#invoke:String|replace|source=source_string|pattern=pattern_string|replace=replace_string| count=replacement_count|plain=plain_flag}} Parameters source: The string to search pattern: The string or pattern to find within source replace: The replacement text count: The number of occurences to replace, defaults to all. plain: Boolean flag indicating that pattern should be understood as plain text and not as a Lua style regular expression, defaults to true ]] function str.replace( frame ) local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'source', 'pattern', 'replace', 'count', 'plain' } ) local source_str = new_args['source'] or '' local pattern = new_args['pattern'] or '' local replace = new_args['replace'] or '' local count = tonumber( new_args['count'] ) local plain = new_args['plain'] or true if source_str == '' or pattern == '' then return source_str end plain = str._getBoolean( plain ) if plain then pattern = str._escapePattern( pattern ) replace = string.gsub( replace, "%%", "%%%%" ) --Only need to escape replacement sequences. end local result if count ~= nil then result = mw.ustring.gsub( source_str, pattern, replace, count ) else result = mw.ustring.gsub( source_str, pattern, replace ) end return result end --[[ simple function to pipe string.rep to templates. ]] function str.rep( frame ) local repetitions = tonumber( frame.args[2] ) if not repetitions then return str._error( 'function rep expects a number as second parameter, received "' .. ( frame.args[2] or '' ) .. '"' ) end return string.rep( frame.args[1] or '', repetitions ) end --[[ escapePattern This function escapes special characters from a Lua string pattern. See [1] for details on how patterns work. [1] https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Patterns Usage: {{#invoke:String|escapePattern|pattern_string}} Parameters pattern_string: The pattern string to escape. ]] function str.escapePattern( frame ) local pattern_str = frame.args[1] if not pattern_str then return str._error( 'No pattern string specified' ) end local result = str._escapePattern( pattern_str ) return result end --[[ count This function counts the number of occurrences of one string in another. ]] function str.count(frame) local args = str._getParameters(frame.args, {'source', 'pattern', 'plain'}) local source = args.source or '' local pattern = args.pattern or '' local plain = str._getBoolean(args.plain or true) if plain then pattern = str._escapePattern(pattern) end local _, count = mw.ustring.gsub(source, pattern, '') return count end --[[ endswith This function determines whether a string ends with another string. ]] function str.endswith(frame) local args = str._getParameters(frame.args, {'source', 'pattern'}) local source = args.source or '' local pattern = args.pattern or '' if pattern == '' then -- All strings end with the empty string. return "yes" end if mw.ustring.sub(source, -mw.ustring.len(pattern), -1) == pattern then return "yes" else return "" end end --[[ join Join all non empty arguments together; the first argument is the separator. Usage: {{#invoke:String|join|sep|one|two|three}} ]] function str.join(frame) local args = {} local sep for _, v in ipairs( frame.args ) do if sep then if v ~= '' then table.insert(args, v) end else sep = v end end return table.concat( args, sep or '' ) end -- findpagetext returns the position of a piece of text in a page -- First positional parameter or |text is the search text -- Optional parameter |title is the page title, defaults to current page -- Optional parameter |plain is either true for plain search (default) or false for Lua pattern search -- Optional parameter |nomatch is the return value when no match is found; default is nil function str._findpagetext(args) -- process parameters local nomatch = args.nomatch or "" if nomatch == "" then nomatch = nil end -- local text = mw.text.trim(args[1] or args.text or "") if text == "" then return nil end -- local title = args.title or "" local titleobj if title == "" then titleobj = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() else titleobj = mw.title.new(title) end -- local plain = args.plain or "" if plain:sub(1, 1) == "f" then plain = false else plain = true end -- get the page content and look for 'text' - return position or nomatch local content = titleobj and titleobj:getContent() return content and mw.ustring.find(content, text, 1, plain) or nomatch end function str.findpagetext(frame) local args = frame.args local pargs = frame:getParent().args for k, v in pairs(pargs) do args[k] = v end if not (args[1] or args.text) then return nil end -- just the first value return (str._findpagetext(args)) end --[[ Helper function that populates the argument list given that user may need to use a mix of named and unnamed parameters. This is relevant because named parameters are not identical to unnamed parameters due to string trimming, and when dealing with strings we sometimes want to either preserve or remove that whitespace depending on the application. ]] function str._getParameters( frame_args, arg_list ) local new_args = {} local index = 1 local value for _, arg in ipairs( arg_list ) do value = frame_args[arg] if value == nil then value = frame_args[index] index = index + 1 end new_args[arg] = value end return new_args end --[[ Helper function to handle error messages. ]] function str._error( error_str ) local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() local error_category = frame.args.error_category or 'Errors reported by Module String' local ignore_errors = frame.args.ignore_errors or false local no_category = frame.args.no_category or false if str._getBoolean(ignore_errors) then return '' end local error_str = '<strong class="error">String Module Error: ' .. error_str .. '</strong>' if error_category ~= '' and not str._getBoolean( no_category ) then error_str = '[[Category:' .. error_category .. ']]' .. error_str end return error_str end --[[ Helper Function to interpret boolean strings ]] function str._getBoolean( boolean_str ) local boolean_value if type( boolean_str ) == 'string' then boolean_str = boolean_str:lower() if boolean_str == 'false' or boolean_str == 'no' or boolean_str == '0' or boolean_str == '' then boolean_value = false else boolean_value = true end elseif type( boolean_str ) == 'boolean' then boolean_value = boolean_str else error( 'No boolean value found' ) end return boolean_value end --[[ Helper function that escapes all pattern characters so that they will be treated as plain text. ]] function str._escapePattern( pattern_str ) return ( string.gsub( pattern_str, "[%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]]", "%%%0" ) ) end return str j3b8d4sejqnvazpfl0gk0yfaa503gli Template:Para 10 4509 74267 28398 2026-04-20T13:31:32Z en>Paine Ellsworth 0 follow up to page move - retarget and add [[WP:RCAT|rcat template]]s 74267 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Parameter]] {{Rcat shell| {{R from move}} {{R from template shortcut}} }} 7s8mokgsoussxh3gkyodvsagezu2kca 74268 74267 2026-09-09T16:22:16Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Template:Para]]: Importing Orphan Template 74267 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Parameter]] {{Rcat shell| {{R from move}} {{R from template shortcut}} }} 7s8mokgsoussxh3gkyodvsagezu2kca Daniel Kaluuya 0 7300 74367 74114 2026-09-10T00:42:34Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 74367 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Daniel Kaluuya''' ( /k ə ˈ l uː j ə / ; yazaalibwa 24 Ogwokubiri 1989) muzannyi wa firimu Omuzungu.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Daniel Kaluuya {{!}} Movies, Skins, & Black Panther {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Daniel-Kaluuya |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251211121723/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Daniel-Kaluuya |archive-date=2025-12-11 |access-date=2026-01-16 |work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tilley |first=Margaret |date=2020-10-23 |title=Daniel Kaluuya |url=https://africanfilmartsfoundation.org/african-reel/daniel-kaluuya/ |access-date=2026-01-16 |website=[[African Film and Arts Foundation]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Emirimu gye gizingiramu okulabikira ku butambi ne ku siteegi, era by'eyafuna ng'akasiimo olw'emirimu gye mulimu Awaadi nda Academy Award, BAFTA bbiri, Actor Awards bbiri, ne Golden Globe, okwongereza kw'ezo era yasunsulwamu mu mpaka z'awaadi ya Laurence Olivier Award ne Emmy Award. Mu 2021, ab'akatabo ka ''Time'' bamuwandiikako mu bantu 100 abasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-15 |title=Daniel Kaluuya: The 100 Most Influential People of 2021 |url=https://time.com/collections/100-most-influential-people-2021/6095923/daniel-kaluuya/ |access-date=2026-09-08 |website=TIME |language=en}}</ref> Kaluuya yatandika okuzannya katemba ng'akyali mutiini mu mizannyo emiyiiye egitalina biwandiiko bigobererwa.<ref name="Bustle">{{Cite news |last=Getz |first=Dana |title=Who Is Daniel Kaluuya? The 'Get Out' Star Is Multi-Talented |url=https://www.bustle.com/p/who-is-daniel-kaluuya-the-get-out-star-is-multi-talented-49062 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227155059/https://www.bustle.com/p/who-is-daniel-kaluuya-the-get-out-star-is-multi-talented-49062 |archive-date=27 February 2023 |access-date=27 December 2017 |work=[[Bustle (magazine)|Bustle]] |language=en}}</ref> Yazannya nga Posh Kenneth mu sizoni bbiri ezaasooka mu muzannyo gwa ttivvi ogwa ''Skins'' (2007–2009); era ye yawandiika ebimu ku bitundu ebyazannyibwa.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 February 2008 |title=Teen writers show their 'Skins' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/teen-writers-show-their-skins-780666.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822120626/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/teen-writers-show-their-skins-780666.html |archive-date=22 August 2018 |access-date=27 December 2017 |work=[[The Independent]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> Kaluuya yasiimibwa olw'okukulembera mu firimu ya ''Sucker Punch'' mu Royal Court Theatre mu 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The London Film Critics' Circle Hands Out Nominations To Regina King, Cynthia Erivo And Daniel Kaluuya |url=https://shadowandact.com/the-london-film-critics-circle-hands-out-nominations-to-regina-king-cynthia-erivo-and-daniel-kaluuya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200110234552/https://shadowandact.com/the-london-film-critics-circle-hands-out-nominations-to-regina-king-cynthia-erivo-and-daniel-kaluuya |archive-date=10 January 2020 |access-date=28 May 2020 |website=SHADOW & ACT |language=en}}</ref> Yagenda mu maaso n'okufaayo olw'emirimu gye egy'oku ttivvi mu ''Psychoville'' (2009–2011), ''The Fades'' (2011), n'ekitundu kya ''Black Mirror'' " Fifteen Million Merits " (2011).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Adewunmi |first=Bim |date=1 April 2017 |title=Why I love... actor Daniel Kaluuya |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/apr/01/why-i-love-daniel-kaluuya-actor-get-out-film-skins-black-mirror |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111204552/https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/apr/01/why-i-love-daniel-kaluuya-actor-get-out-film-skins-black-mirror |archive-date=11 November 2020 |access-date=28 May 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Yalina elina ebifo by'eyazannya mu firimu nga ''Johnny English Reborn'' (2011), ''Kick-Ass 2'' (2013), ne ''Sicario'' (2015). Mu 2017, Kaluuya yasamba akaggi bwe yazannysa mu firimu ya Jordan Peele eyali ey'entiisa eya ''Get Out'', eyamufunisa omukisa okusunsulwamu mu mpaka era n'okuwangula engule y'omuzannyi asinze eya Academy Award for Best Actor.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oscar nominee Daniel Kaluuya on 'Get Out': 'I was like, are you allowed to make films like this?' |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/oscar-nominee-daniel-kaluuya-allowed-make-films/story?id=52964702 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225020553/https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/oscar-nominee-daniel-kaluuya-allowed-make-films/story?id=52964702 |archive-date=25 February 2021 |access-date=10 March 2021 |publisher=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |language=en}}</ref> Kino kyaddirirwa emirimu n'ebifo bye yazannya mu firimu ya Ryan Coogler ey’abazira abakulu ''Black Panther'' (2018), filimu ya Steve McQueen eyitibwa ''Widows'' (2018), firimu ya Peele ey'entiisa ''Nope'' (2022), ne mu katuuni wa Sony Pictures Animation ow'abazira ''Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse'' (2023). Olw’okulaga omukulembeze w’ekibiina kya Black Panther Fred Hampton mu firimu ya ''Judas and the Black Messiah'' (2021), yawangula engule ya BAFTA ne Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2021 |title=Daniel Kaluuya becomes first Black british actor to win Academy Award |url=https://www.channel4.com/news/daniel-kaluyya-becomes-first-black-british-actor-to-win-academy-award |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230101205827/https://www.channel4.com/news/daniel-kaluyya-becomes-first-black-british-actor-to-win-academy-award |archive-date=1 January 2023 |access-date=1 January 2023 |website=[[Channel 4]]}}</ref> Okuva olwo abadde muyambi wa dayilekita w'omuzannyo gwa ''The Kitchen'' (2023). == Obuto bwe n'obuyigirize == Kaluuya yazaalibwa nga 24 Ogwokubiri 1989 <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2020 |title=Today in History, February 24: The calendar gets a massive makeover |url=https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/2020/02/24/today-history-february-24-calendar-gets-massive-makeover/4790269002/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428021413/https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/2020/02/24/today-history-february-24-calendar-gets-massive-makeover/4790269002/ |archive-date=28 April 2021 |access-date=24 July 2020 |website=[[The Tennessean]]}}</ref> mu kibuga London eri abazadde Bannayuganda, nga baali Basoga n'a [[Baganda]] okuva mu [[Divizoni y'e Makindye]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2 March 2018 |title=I am proud of my roots, says Kaluuya |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1474035/proud-roots-kaluuya |access-date= |website=[[New Vision]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-02 |title=Oscar nod for Uganda's own Daniel Kaluuya |url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/magazines/oscar-nod-for-uganda-s-own-daniel-kaluuya-2621066 |access-date= |website=[[The Citizen (Tanzania)|The Citizen]] |language=en}}</ref> Maama we<ref>{{Cite news |last=Collin |first=Robbie |date=13 February 2018 |title=Black Panther star Daniel Kaluuya: 'Nobody says a word when a white actor goes to LA' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/0/black-panther-star-daniel-kaluuya-interview-nobody-says-word/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/films/0/black-panther-star-daniel-kaluuya-interview-nobody-says-word/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |access-date=10 August 2018 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]}}</ref><ref name="Vice">{{Cite news |date=24 February 2017 |title=Daniel Kaluuya's Journey from the Streets of London to Hollywood |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/daniel-kaluuya-early-works-interview/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227235325/https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/53jbkn/daniel-kaluuya-early-works-interview |archive-date=27 December 2017 |access-date=27 December 2017 |work=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]] |language=en-us}}</ref> yamukuliza mu council estate mu kibuga kye Camden, wamu ne mwannyina omukulu. Kitaawe yali abeera mu Balaka, eky'e Malawi, era baali tebawuliziganya okutuusa lwe yaweza emyaka 14.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sulcas |first=Roslyn |date=4 January 2018 |title=Daniel Kaluuya Isn't Waiting for Your Approval |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/04/movies/daniel-kaluuya-get-out-racism.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310133454/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/04/movies/daniel-kaluuya-get-out-racism.html |archive-date=10 March 2018 |access-date=7 January 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Kaluuya yasomera mu ssomero lya Torriano Primary School, ne St Aloysius' College, Highgate.<ref name="Vice" /> Oluvannyuma yakola eby'afaayo okuzannya katemba ne bayologye mu A-level mu Camden School for Girls mu siniya yaayo ey’omukaaga ey’okusomera awamu. Kaluuya yawandiika omuzannyo gwe ogwasooka ku myaka mwenda, oluvannyuma n’atandika okuzannya katemba ku siteegi.<ref name="Bustle" /> Yatandika okuzannya katemba ng’akyali mwana muto mu ssomero lye erya Anna Scher Theatre School ne WAC Arts mu kitundu kye.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Osley |first=Richard |date=19 February 2018 |title=Daniel Kaluuya thanks north London arts centres as he wins BAFTA |url=http://camdennewjournal.com/article/daniel-kaluuya-thanks-north-london-arts-centres-as-he-wins-bafta |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315133653/http://camdennewjournal.com/article/daniel-kaluuya-thanks-north-london-arts-centres-as-he-wins-bafta |archive-date=15 March 2018 |access-date=14 March 2018 |website=[[Camden New Journal]]}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == === 2006–2009: Entandikwa y’emirimu gye n'efirimu ya ''Skins'' === Kaluuya yalabikira mu firimu ye eyasooka mu 2006 nga Reece mu muzannyo gwa BBC ogwabaddemu okusika omuguwa ogwa ''Shoot the Messenger''.<ref name="Bustle" /><ref name="Vice" /> Kaluuya oluvannyuma yegatta bazannyi mu firimu ya ''Skins'' nga Posh Kenneth; era yali muwandiisi mu sizoni ebbiri ez'asooka mu muzannyo guno, wamu n'okubeera omuwandiisi omukulu ow'ebitundu ebyatuumibwa "Jal" ne "Thomas".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Green |first=Chris |date=11 February 2008 |title=Teen writers show their 'Skins' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/teen-writers-show-their-skins-780666.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822120626/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/teen-writers-show-their-skins-780666.html |archive-date=22 August 2018 |access-date=27 October 2016 |work=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lwa ''Skins'', Kaluuya yalabikira ng'omugenyi mu mizannyo gya ttivvi mingi egy'ettutumu nga ''Silent Witness'', ''Doctor Who'' ey'enjawulo " Planet of the Dead ", ne ''Lewis''. Era alabiseeko mu pulogulaamu ya ''That Mitchell and Webb Look'' emirundi ebiri era ng'omuzannyi asinga okwagalwa abalabi "Parking Pataweyo" mu ''Harry &amp;amp; Paul''. Kaluuya era yakola eddoboozi ly'omuzannyi mu pulogulaamu ya BBC Radio 4 ''eya Sneakiepeeks''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Guide |first=British Comedy |title=Sneakiepeeks - Radio 4 sitcom |url=https://www.comedy.co.uk/radio/sneakiepeeks/ |access-date=2026-09-08 |website=British Comedy Guide |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2009, yafuuka omuzannyi w'olulango mu firimu ya katemba ku ITV comedy ''FM''. Ku nkomerero ya 2009, magazini ya ''Screen International Magazine'' yalonda Kaluuya mu lipoota yaabwe ey’omwaka ''ng’emmunyeenye ya Bungereza ey’enkya''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 June 2009 |title=Daniel Kaluuya |url=http://www.screendaily.com/home/profiles/daniel-kaluuya/5002919.article |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028084147/http://www.screendaily.com/home/profiles/daniel-kaluuya/5002919.article |archive-date=28 October 2016 |access-date=27 October 2016 |website=Screen Daily}}</ref> === 2010–2018: Siteegi, ''Get Out'', ne ''Black Panther'' === Mu 2010, Kaluuya yazannya ekifo ng'omuzannyi omukulu mu firimu ya Roy William ''Sucker Punch'' mu Royal Court Theatre e London; Kaluuya yawangula okusiimibwa ennyo olw’omuzannyo gwe era yawangula engule zombi omuli eya Evening Standard Award ne Critics’ Circle Theatre Award ng'omuzannyi omupya asukkulumye ku balala.<ref name="Film Independent">{{Cite news |title=Daniel Kaluuya |url=https://www.filmindependent.org/spirit-awards/nominee/daniel-kaluuya/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026182658/https://www.filmindependent.org/spirit-awards/nominee/daniel-kaluuya/ |archive-date=26 October 2018 |access-date=27 December 2017 |publisher=[[Independent Spirit Awards|Film Independent]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2011, yazannya Michael "Tea Leaf" Fry mu firimu ya BBC ''eya Psychoville'' . <ref>{{Cite news |last=Adewunmi |first=Bim |date=1 April 2017 |title=Why I love... actor Daniel Kaluuya |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/apr/01/why-i-love-daniel-kaluuya-actor-get-out-film-skins-black-mirror |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171226165009/https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2017/apr/01/why-i-love-daniel-kaluuya-actor-get-out-film-skins-black-mirror |archive-date=26 December 2017 |access-date=27 December 2017 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> [[File:TIFF_2018_(44582000541)_(cropped).jpg|left|thumb| Kaluuya mu 2018]] Wakati wa 2011 ne 2013, Kaluuya yalabikira mu firimu ennyimpi eziwerako, okusinga mu firimu ya Daniel Mulloy eya ''Baby'', eyasooka okulagibwa mu bikujjuko bya firimu ebya Sundance Film Festival, era n'agenda n'awangula engule ya firimu ennyimpi ezisinga obulungi mu mpaka za Edinburgh International Film Festival, awamu n'engule ya firimu ennyimpi ezisinga obulungi mu mpaka za British Independent Film Awards.<ref name="Film Independent" /> Mu 2011, yalabikira mu bitundu ebyali by'ongereza ku firimu ya ''Johnny English'', eya 2003 eyatuumibwa ''Johnny English Reborn'', nga Agent Tucker.<ref name="Film Independent" /> Era mu 2011, yazannya ekifo kya Mac Armstrong mu muzannyo gwa BBC3 ogw'omuzannyo ogusukkulumye ku butonde ''ogwa The Fades''.<ref name="Film Independent" /> Mu 2013, yalabikira mu firimu ya ‘superhero comedy’ ''eya Kick Ass 2''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Obenson |first=Tambay A. |date=1 April 2013 |title=Characted Poster For Black Death (Played By Daniel Kaluuya) In 'Kick-Ass 2' |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2013/04/characted-poster-for-black-death-played-by-daniel-kaluuya-in-kick-ass-2-136827/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227235430/http://www.indiewire.com/2013/04/characted-poster-for-black-death-played-by-daniel-kaluuya-in-kick-ass-2-136827/ |archive-date=27 December 2017 |access-date=27 December 2017 |publisher=[[IndieWire]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 2015, yazannya nga Agent wa FBI mu firimu ya Denis Villeneuve ''eya Sicario''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 September 2015 |title=Exclusive: Daniel Kaluuya Talks 'Sicario,' 'Black Mirror,' and His Favorite Role |url=https://theknockturnal.com/exclusive-daniel-kaluuya-talks-sicario-black-mirror-and-his-favorite-role/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227180531/https://theknockturnal.com/exclusive-daniel-kaluuya-talks-sicario-black-mirror-and-his-favorite-role/ |archive-date=27 December 2017 |access-date=27 December 2017 |work=The Knockturnal |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title='Skins' Star Daniel Kaluuya to Co-Star in Denis Villenueve's 'Sicario' (Exclusive) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/skins-star-daniel-kaluuya-star-709833 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616030753/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/skins-star-daniel-kaluuya-star-709833 |archive-date=16 June 2018 |access-date=27 December 2017 |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |language=en}}</ref> Kaluuya yazannya ng'omu ku bazannyi abakulu ng'ali ne Jessica Brown Findlay mu "Fifteen Million Merits", ekitundu ky'omuzannyo gw'ebitabo ''Black Mirror'', gwe yafuna endowooza ennungi okuva mu bakennenyi.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wollaston |first=Sam |date=11 December 2011 |title=TV review: Black Mirror; Piers Morgan's Life Stories: Peter Andre; This is Justin Bieber |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2011/dec/11/review-charlie-brooker-black-mirror |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227072133/http://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2011/dec/11/review-charlie-brooker-black-mirror |archive-date=27 December 2013 |access-date=27 December 2017 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Ekitundu kino kyasooka kulagibwa ku Channel 4 mu 2011, kyokka kyafuna ettutumu oluvannyuma lw’okufulumizibwa ku Netflix mu Amerika.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1 December 2017 |title=Actors on Actors: Timothee Chalamet and Daniel Kaluuya |url=https://variety.com/video/timothee-chalamet-daniel-kaluuya-actors-on-actors-full-interview/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227180421/http://variety.com/video/timothee-chalamet-daniel-kaluuya-actors-on-actors-full-interview/ |archive-date=27 December 2017 |access-date=27 December 2017 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Engeri gye yazannyamu mu ''Black Mirror'' gwe gwasikiriza Jordan Peele, ng'ono yamuteeka ku lukalala lw'abazannyi abaazanya mu firimu ye eya ''Get Out'', ng'eno yeyamukubira akaggi mu kisaawe ky'okuzannya firimu.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Clark |first=Ashley |date=18 March 2017 |title=Get Out star Daniel Kaluuya: 'This is 12 Years a Slave: The Horror Movie' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/mar/18/get-out-daniel-kaluuya-horror-movie-jordan-peele |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228112233/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2017/mar/18/get-out-daniel-kaluuya-horror-movie-jordan-peele |archive-date=28 December 2017 |access-date=27 December 2017 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Baron |first=Zach |date=4 December 2017 |title=Daniel Kaluuya Realized 'Get Out' Was a Big Deal When Nas Instagrammed It |url=https://www.gq.com/story/daniel-kaluuya-interview-breakouts-2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227235645/https://www.gq.com/story/daniel-kaluuya-interview-breakouts-2017 |archive-date=27 December 2017 |access-date=27 December 2017 |work=[[GQ]] |language=en}}</ref> Engeri Kaluuya gye yazannyamu mu ''Get Out'', eyafulumizibwa mu sinema nga 24 Ogwokubiri 2017,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pederson |first=Erik |date=4 October 2016 |title='Get Out': Universal Dates Jordan Peele's Blumhouse Chiller & Unleashes Trailer |url=https://deadline.com/2016/10/get-out-trailer-release-date-jordan-peele-blumhouse-1201830833/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612164329/https://deadline.com/2016/10/get-out-trailer-release-date-jordan-peele-blumhouse-1201830833/ |archive-date=12 June 2018 |access-date=4 October 2016 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> gwasikiriza nnyo abasuutiriza.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Friedlander |first=Whitney |date=4 October 2017 |title=10 Actors to Watch: Daniel Kaluuya Goes From 'Get Out' to 'Black Panther' |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/features/10-actors-to-watch-daniel-kaluuya-1202578211/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227180332/http://variety.com/2017/film/features/10-actors-to-watch-daniel-kaluuya-1202578211/ |archive-date=27 December 2017 |access-date=27 December 2017 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="variety_1202647420">{{Cite news |last=Chuba |first=Kirsten |date=21 December 2017 |title=Daniel Kaluuya to Receive Creative Impact in Acting Award at Palm Springs Film Festival |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/get-out-daniel-kaluuya-palm-springs-film-festival-1202647420/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227050446/http://variety.com/2017/film/news/get-out-daniel-kaluuya-palm-springs-film-festival-1202647420/ |archive-date=27 December 2017 |access-date=27 December 2017 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Steven Gaydos owa''Variety'' yawandiika nti "entiisa, okusika omuguwa, okusesa, n'obusungu bw'ekikolwa kino eky'amaanyi eky'okutebenkeza mu sinema byonna bibeera ku bibegabega bya munnakatemba ono omuto Omuzungu omugezigezi anyumya n'okwoleka okweraliikirira kw'ensi yonna nga tafiiriddwako ndagiriro ya waka enkulu ey'omuzira we Omufirika-Amerika eyali aziyiziddwa." <ref name="variety_1202647420" /> Richard Lawson owa ''Vanity Fair'' omuzannyo gwa Kaluuya yaguyita "muzannyo gwa katemba ogw'ekikugu."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lawson |first=Richard |date=23 February 2017 |title=Get Out Is Thrilling, Terrifying, and Timely |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/02/get-out-jordan-peele-review |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171126233353/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/2017/02/get-out-jordan-peele-review |archive-date=26 November 2017 |access-date=3 January 2018 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> Olw'engeri gye yalabikamu mu firimu eno, yafuna ebirabo bingi, omuli n'okusunsulwamu mu baali bavuganya ku ngule ya Academy Award ku kifo ky'omuzannyi asinze. Era yafuna okusunsulwamu okuwangula awaadi ya BAFTA,<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 January 2018 |title=The Shape of Water leads Bafta nominations |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-42618187 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109100631/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-42618187 |archive-date=9 January 2018 |access-date=9 January 2018 |publisher=BBC News}}</ref> Critics' Choice Award,<ref>{{Cite web |date=6 December 2017 |title=Critics' Choice Awards: 'The Shape of Water' Leads With 14 Nominations |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/2018-critics-choice-awards-nominations-list-full-1062824 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180206081807/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/2018-critics-choice-awards-nominations-list-full-1062824 |archive-date=6 February 2018 |access-date=13 December 2017 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> Golden Globe Award,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rubin |first=Rebecca |date=11 December 2017 |title=Golden Globe Nominations: Complete List |url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/golden-globe-nominations-2018-nominees-full-list-1202634435/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171214021531/http://variety.com/2017/film/news/golden-globe-nominations-2018-nominees-full-list-1202634435/ |archive-date=14 December 2017 |access-date=11 December 2017 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> ne SAG Award<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2017 |title=2018 SAG Awards Nominations |url=https://deadline.com/2017/12/2018-sag-awards-nominees-screen-actors-guild-nominations-1202225184/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612163332/https://deadline.com/2017/12/2018-sag-awards-nominees-screen-actors-guild-nominations-1202225184/ |archive-date=12 June 2018 |access-date=13 December 2017 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> olw'omulimu gwe. Mu 2018, yafuna awaadi ya BAFTA Rising Star Award.<ref name="BAFTA noms">{{Cite news |date=9 January 2018 |title=Bafta Film Awards 2018: All the nominees |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-42618239 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180114101757/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-42618239 |archive-date=14 January 2018 |access-date=9 January 2018 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2016, Kaluuya yali omu bazannyi abalabikira mu firimu ya Marvel Cinematic Universe eyatuumibwa ''Black Panther''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 September 2016 |title=Forest Whitaker, Daniel Kaluuya and Florence Kasumba join Black Panther |url=https://www.empireonline.com/people/forest-whitaker/forest-whitaker-daniel-kaluuya-florence-kasumba-join-black-panther/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115105045/http://www.empireonline.com/people/forest-whitaker/forest-whitaker-daniel-kaluuya-florence-kasumba-join-black-panther/ |archive-date=15 January 2017 |access-date=14 February 2017 |website=[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]]}}</ref> Firimu eno yafulumizibwa nga 16 Ogwokubiri 2018, mu Amerika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 January 2018 |title=Reactions from the Black Panther premiere |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/black-panther-first-reactions-premiere-1079894 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130214915/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/black-panther-first-reactions-premiere-1079894 |archive-date=30 January 2018 |access-date=30 January 2018 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> Kaluuya era yalina ekifo eky'amaanyi era ekinene mu firimu y’obubbi eya ''Widows'' (2018), era yazannya mu firimu eyali atambulira ku luguudo/obumenyi bw’amateeka eya ''Queen & Slim'' (2019), ne Jodie Turner-Smith . Mu 2018, yeegatta ku bakola amaloboozi mu firimu ya BBC ne Netflix eya ''Watership Down''.<ref name="THR">{{Cite web |last=Szalai |first=Georg |date=1 November 2018 |title=Daniel Kaluuya, Rosamund Pike Join Animated Netflix/BBC Miniseries 'Watership Down' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/daniel-kaluuya-rosamund-pike-join-netflix-bbcs-watership-down-1157030/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512011538/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/daniel-kaluuya-rosamund-pike-join-netflix-bbcs-watership-down-1157030/ |archive-date=12 May 2021 |access-date=12 May 2021 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |language=en-US}}</ref> === 2019–kati: ''Nope'', ''Judas'', ''Barney'', ne ''The Kitchen'' === Mu Gwekkumi 2019, kyalangirirwa nti Kaluuya yali agenda kukola firimu ey’amaanyi ey'esigamiziddwa ku pulogulaamu ya ttivvi y’abaana eya ''Barney & Friends'' ng’ayita mu kkampuni ye eyaakatandikibwawo ekola firimu 59%, ng’ali wamu ne Mattel Films. Okusinziira ku Kaluuya, firimu ya ''Barney'' "yali yakwewunyisa abalabi n'okumenya ebisuubirwa." <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 October 2019 |title='Barney' Movie in the Works From Mattel, Daniel Kaluuya |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/barney-movie-works-mattel-daniel-kaluuya-1248599/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018183415/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/barney-movie-works-mattel-daniel-kaluuya-1248599 |archive-date=18 October 2019 |access-date=18 October 2019 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> Mu Gwokubiri 2025, kyalangirirwa nti Ayo Edebiri yali mu nteeseganya okuzannya firimu n’okuwandiika firimu eno mu A24.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grobar |first=Matt |date=2025-02-25 |title=Ayo Edebiri Tapped To Write Live-Action Barney Movie For Mattel, A24, Producer Daniel Kaluuya; Also In Talks To Star |url=https://deadline.com/2025/02/ayo-edebiri-barney-movie-a24-mattel-1236300091/ |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 2020, Kaluuya yalangirirwa okufulumya n'okuzannya mu firimu eyakyusibwa okuva mu kitabo kya Femi Fadugba ekyasooka ekya ''The Upper World'' ku Netflix. Mu 2021, yazannya nga Fred Hampton omukulembeze w’enkyukakyuka mu by’obulamu mu muzannyo ogukwata ku bulamu bwa ''Judas and the Black Messiah''. Omutindo gwe mu firimu eno gwasiimibwa bakalondoozi,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Judas And The Black Messiah director: 'I wouldn't have made the film without Daniel Kaluuya – he's one of the best actors in the world' |url=https://news.sky.com/story/judas-and-the-black-messiah-director-i-wouldnt-have-made-the-film-without-daniel-kaluuya-hes-one-of-the-best-actors-in-the-world-12241067 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210310033739/http://news.sky.com/story/judas-and-the-black-messiah-director-i-wouldnt-have-made-the-film-without-daniel-kaluuya-hes-one-of-the-best-actors-in-the-world-12241067 |archive-date=10 March 2021 |access-date=10 March 2021 |publisher=[[Sky News]] |language=en}}</ref> era n'awangula awaadi ya Academy Award for Best Supporting Act, BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role, Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Supporting Actor, Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture ne Screen Actors Guild Award olw'okuzannya obulungi okwakolebwa munnakatemba omusajja mu kifo ekiwagira; <ref>{{Cite news |date=26 April 2021 |title=Oscars 2021: The winners in full |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-56372153 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210315145358/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-56372153 |archive-date=15 March 2021 |access-date=26 April 2021 |publisher=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The 27th Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards {{!}} Screen Actors Guild Awards |url=https://www.sagawards.org/awards/nominees-and-recipients/27th-annual-screen-actors-guild-awards |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204165327/https://www.sagawards.org/awards/nominees-and-recipients/27th-annual-screen-actors-guild-awards |archive-date=4 February 2021 |access-date=24 February 2021 |publisher=[[Screen Actors Guild Awards]] |language=en}}</ref> Kino kyamuguula omuzannyi yekka omwaka ogwo eyawangula engule zonna ettaano ez'amaanyi eza firimu. Ku myaka 32, Daniel Kaluuya yafuuka omuwanguzi omuto mu kifo eky'omusanvu okuwangula awaadi ya Academy Award Best Supporting Actor. Ku ntandikwa ya 2021, Kaluuya yali omu ku bazannyi abaalabikira mu firimu ya Peele eya sci-fi horror ''Nope'', ng'ali wamu ne Keke Palmer ne Steven Yeun. Firimu eno yafulumizibwa nga 22 Ogwomusanvu 2022 n’esiimibwa nnyo era yayogerwako ebirungi bingi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kit |first=Borys |date=16 February 2021 |title=Keke Palmer, Daniel Kaluuya to Star in Jordan Peele's New Movie |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/keke-palmer-daniel-kaluuya-to-star-in-jordan-peeles-new-movie-4133774/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618033553/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/keke-palmer-daniel-kaluuya-to-star-in-jordan-peeles-new-movie-4133774/ |archive-date=18 June 2022 |access-date=24 June 2022 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=D'Alessandro |first=Anthony |date=9 November 2020 |title=Universal Sets Release Date For Jordan Peele's Next Movie |url=https://deadline.com/2020/11/universal-sets-release-date-for-jordan-peeles-next-movie-1234611766/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723162420/https://deadline.com/2020/11/universal-sets-release-date-for-jordan-peeles-next-movie-1234611766/ |archive-date=23 July 2021 |access-date=24 June 2022 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2022 |title=Nope – Rotten Tomatoes |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/nope |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808023405/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/nope |archive-date=8 August 2022 |access-date=28 July 2022 |publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> Olw'obutakkaanya mu nteekateeka ne ''Nope'', kyalangiriddwa nti Kaluuya yali tagenda kuddamu kuzannya kifo kye nga W'Kabi mu firimu ya ''Black Panther'' eyali egenda okuddako, ''Black Panther: Wakanda Forever''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grobar |first=Matt |date=13 July 2022 |title=Daniel Kaluuya Won't Reprise Role As W'Kabi In 'Black Panther: Wakanda Forever' |url=https://deadline.com/2022/07/daniel-kaluuya-wont-reprise-role-as-wkabi-in-black-panther-wakanda-forever-1235063584/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220713200236/https://deadline.com/2022/07/daniel-kaluuya-wont-reprise-role-as-wkabi-in-black-panther-wakanda-forever-1235063584/ |archive-date=13 July 2022 |access-date=28 July 2022 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> Mu Gwokuna, Kaluuya yategeka ekitundu kya ''Saturday Night Live'', ng’omugenyi omuyimbi St. Vincent.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Love |first=Matthew |date=4 April 2021 |title=Saturday Night Live Recap: Daniel Kaluuya Wants You ... Vaxxed |url=https://www.vulture.com/article/snl-season-46-episode-16-saturday-night-live-daniel-kaluuya-hosts.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728105019/https://www.vulture.com/article/snl-season-46-episode-16-saturday-night-live-daniel-kaluuya-hosts.html |archive-date=28 July 2022 |access-date=28 July 2022 |website=[[Vulture (magazine)|Vulture]]}}</ref> Kaluuya era yagattibwa ku lukalala lwa ''Time'' ' 2021 olw'abantu 100 abasinga okubeera ab'amaanyi mu nsi yonna . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Trepany |first=Charles |date=15 September 2021 |title=Time 100 revealed: Harry and Meghan, Britney Spears, Simone Biles, Dolly Parton make 2021 list |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/celebrities/2021/09/15/time-100-simone-biles-dolly-parton-scarlett-johansson/8343225002/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115000745/https://www.usatoday.com/story/entertainment/celebrities/2021/09/15/time-100-simone-biles-dolly-parton-scarlett-johansson/8343225002/ |archive-date=15 November 2021 |access-date=14 November 2021 |website=[[USA Today]] |language=en}}</ref> [[File:Daniel_Kaluuya_&_Keke_Palmer_in_2022_01.jpg|thumb|250x250px| Kaluuya ne Keke Palmer bwe baazannya ''Nope'' mu 2022.]] Mu Gwokusatu 2022, kyazuulibwa nti Kaluuya yali awandiika katemba wa dystopian ku Netflix, gwe yatuuma ''The Kitchen'', nga Kibwe Tavares agenda kubeera dayilekita. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Yossman |first=K.J |date=30 March 2022 |title=Daniel Kaluuya Pens Dystopian Drama for Netflix, Michael Fassbender Exec Producing |url=https://variety.com/2022/film/news/daniel-kaluuya-the-kitchen-netflix-1235218739/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404182011/https://variety.com/2022/film/news/daniel-kaluuya-the-kitchen-netflix-1235218739/ |archive-date=4 April 2022 |access-date=4 April 2022 |website=Variety}}</ref> Omuzannyo guno gw'azannyibwa Kane Robinson ne Jedaiah Bannerman, era ne guwandiikibwa Joe Murtagh, era gw'afulumizibwa Michael Fassbender.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grater |first=Tom |date=30 March 2022 |title=Netflix Boards Dystopian Thriller 'The Kitchen': Daniel Kaluuya-Writing & Producing; Kibwe Tavares Directing; 'Top Boy's Kane Robinson Starring |url=https://deadline.com/2022/03/netflix-daniel-kaluuya-written-kibwe-tavares-directing-top-boys-kane-robinson-1234990736/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728111204/https://deadline.com/2022/03/netflix-daniel-kaluuya-written-kibwe-tavares-directing-top-boys-kane-robinson-1234990736/ |archive-date=28 July 2022 |access-date=28 July 2022 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> Mu Gwomunaana 2023, ekitongole kya British Film Institute kyalangirira nti firimu eno yali y'akusooka okulagibwa ku mukolo ogwali guggalawo ebikujjuko bya firimu ekya London Film Festival eky'omulundi ogwa 67 nga 15 Ogwekkumi 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2023 |title=World premiere of Kibwe Tavares and Daniel Kaluuya's The Kitchen to close the 67th BFI London Film Festival |url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/london-film-festival/news/kibwe-tavares-daniel-kaluuyas-kitchen |access-date=2023-08-17 |publisher=BFI |language=en}}</ref> ''The Kitchen'' yafulumizibwa ku Netflix nga 19 Ogwoluberyeberye 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-01 |title=Kano to star in Daniel Kaluuya's new film 'The Kitchen' |url=https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/kano-to-star-in-daniel-kaluuya-new-film-the-kitchen/ |access-date=2023-08-17 |website=faroutmagazine.co.uk |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu Gwokutaano 2022, kyalangirirwa nti Kaluuya ye yali omunyumya w'emboozi y'ebyemizannyo eya Amazon Prime ''All or Nothing: Arsenal'', eyagoberera ttiimu ya Bungereza eya Premier League Arsenal emabega w'empenda mu sizoni yaayo yonna eya 2021–22.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 May 2022 |title=Daniel Kaluuya to narrate All or Nothing: Arsenal |url=https://www.arsenal.com/all-or-nothing-amazon-arsenal-documentary-narrator-daniel-kaluuya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630160600/https://www.arsenal.com/all-or-nothing-amazon-arsenal-documentary-narrator-daniel-kaluuya |archive-date=30 June 2022 |access-date=21 July 2022 |website=arsenal.com |publisher=[[Arsenal F.C.]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Patel |first=Sanj |date=23 May 2022 |title=Daniel Kaluuya To Narrate Arsenal's 'All Or Nothing' Amazon Documentary |url=https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/daniel-kaluuya-all-or-nothing-arsenal-documentary |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721112845/https://www.complex.com/pop-culture/daniel-kaluuya-all-or-nothing-arsenal-documentary |archive-date=21 July 2022 |access-date=21 July 2022 |website=complex.com |publisher=[[Complex Networks]]}}</ref> Mu Gwekkuminogumu 2022, Kaluuya yakakasibwa okuzannya ekifaananyi kya Hobart "Hobie" Brown / Spider-Punk mu firimu ya ''Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse''.<ref name="SMATSV">{{Cite web |last=Kit |first=Borys |date=7 November 2022 |title=''Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse'' Adds Daniel Kaluuya as Spider-Punk |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/spider-man-across-the-spider-verse-daniel-kaluuya-spider-punk-1235256848/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221107190033/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/spider-man-across-the-spider-verse-daniel-kaluuya-spider-punk-1235256848/ |archive-date=7 November 2022 |access-date=7 November 2022 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumi 2024, ekibumbe kya Kaluuya kyazimbibwa mu kibuga London okussa ekitiibwa mu mulimu gwe yakola mu ''Get Out''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-10 |title=New Daniel Kaluuya statue in London has everyone making the same point |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/daniel-kaluuya-statue-get-out-b2627050.html |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu 2025, kyategeezebwa nti Kaluuya yali agenda kuwandiika screenplay ya firimu ya Spider-Punk spin-off eya katooni.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grobar |first=Matt |date=August 5, 2025 |title='Spider-Punk Animated Feature From Daniel Kaluuya & Ajon Singh In Development At Sony |url=https://deadline.com/2025/08/spider-punk-animated-feature-daniel-kaluuya-ajon-singh-sony-1236478287/ |access-date=August 5, 2025 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebimukwatako eby'omunda == [[File:Daniel_Kaluuya_-_17_May_2026.jpg|right|thumb|200x200px| Ekibumbe ky'omuzannyi Chris Washington okuva mu firimu ya ''Get Out'' eya 2017 nga yazannya nga Kaluuya mu Leicester Square mu kibuga London .]] Kaluuya abeera mu West London.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Table Manners with Jessie Ware Episode 3: Joe Dempsie and Daniel Kaluuya |url=https://www.acast.com/tablemanners/ep3-joedempsieanddanielkaluuya |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612143847/https://www.acast.com/tablemanners/ep3-joedempsieanddanielkaluuya |archive-date=12 June 2018 |access-date=1 December 2017 |website=Acast}}</ref> Muwagizi wa Arsenal FC, okutuuka ku ddaala ly'okujuliza abavuganya Arsenal mu North London, Tottenham Hotspur FC, nga "tiimu etateekwa kuweebwa linnya" ne " Voldemort of the League".<ref>{{Cite web |last=ODE |date=12 February 2018 |title=Black Panther: Daniel Kaluuya gets emotional over support |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WARtcDZ7AgU |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809142511/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WARtcDZ7AgU&gl=US&hl=en |archive-date=9 August 2019 |access-date=10 August 2018 |publisher=[[YouTube]] |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> Mu Gwomunaana 2022, Kaluuya yakola ng'omunyumya mu ''All or Nothing: Arsenal'', ebiwandiiko ebikwata ku sizoni ya Arsenal eya 2021–22.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Grater |first=Tom |date=9 July 2021 |title=Arsenal Set To Be Subject Of Amazon's Next 'All Or Nothing' Doc |url=https://deadline.com/2021/07/arsenal-amazon-all-or-nothing-doc-1234789310/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220720134136/https://deadline.com/2021/07/arsenal-amazon-all-or-nothing-doc-1234789310/ |archive-date=20 July 2022 |access-date=20 July 2022 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> Mukristaayo era yakkirizza okukkiriza kwe mu kwogera kwe mu mpaka za Oscar.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shoard |first=Catherine |date=2021-04-26 |title=Daniel Kaluuya wins best supporting actor Oscar for Judas and the Black Messiah |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2021/apr/26/daniel-kaluuya-wins-best-supporting-actor-oscar-for-judas-and-the-black-messiah |access-date=2024-01-18 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Ye godfather wa mutabani w'eyali munne mu ''Skins'' Kaya Scodelario.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Davids |first=Brian |date=15 July 2019 |title='Crawl' Star Kaya Scodelario on the 'Skins' Fib That Launched Her Career |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/kaya-scodelario-crawl-skins-fib-launched-her-career-1224439/ |url-status=live |journal=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024170920/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/kaya-scodelario-crawl-skins-fib-launched-her-career-1224439/ |archive-date=24 October 2021 |access-date=22 April 2025}}</ref> Mu Gwokubiri 2022, kyategeezebwa nti Kaluuya yali agobye ba agenti be mu kitongole kya Creative Artists Agency "mu ngeri ey'ekikangabwa" wamu n'omukozi we ow'obuntu, omukugu mu by'amawulire n'abayambi be abawerako. Kyategeezeddwa nti mu kusalawo kuno yakwatibwako omuntu amanyiddwa nga "Heir Holiness" eyeeyogerako nga "personal manager" wa Kaluuya era "life strategist" wamu ne "Head Mistress" wa "The International Alma Mater, Blessed University." <ref name="talismans">{{Cite news |last=Alter |first=Rebecca |date=18 March 2022 |title=Daniel Kaluuya's Alleged 'Life Strategist' Speaks Out, Sells Talismans |url=https://www.vulture.com/2022/03/daniel-kaluuya-heir-holiness-manager-response.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318220707/https://www.vulture.com/2022/03/daniel-kaluuya-heir-holiness-manager-response.html |archive-date=March 18, 2022 |access-date=14 July 2025 |work=[[Vulture (website)|Vulture]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="HHP6">{{Cite news |last=Nathan |first=Sara |date=5 March 2022 |title=What is Daniel Kaluuya's tie to 'life strategist' Heir Holiness? |url=https://pagesix.com/2022/03/05/what-is-daniel-kaluuyas-tie-to-life-strategist-heir-holiness/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220318205519/https://pagesix.com/2022/03/05/what-is-daniel-kaluuyas-tie-to-life-strategist-heir-holiness/ |archive-date=March 18, 2022 |access-date=14 July 2025 |work=[[Page Six]]}}</ref> Ayongedde okwewozaako nti alina diguli mu by'obulamu ebijjuvu ne "Parapsychic Science" okuva mu American Institute of Holistic Theology. Ensonda zaategeezezza ''Page Six'' ne Matthew Belloni nti yali ku siteegi mu kiseera ky'okukwata firimu ya ''Nope'' era enneeyisa ye "yaleetedde abantu ku siteegi okweraliikirira olw'obuyinza bwe yali ayolesa ku" Kaluuya. Mu kiwandiiko kye yafulumya mu Gwokusatu 2022, yeegaana ''Page Six'' nti amanyi Kaluuya.<ref name="HHP6" /> == Ebiwandiiko by’okuzannya katemba n’okusiimibwa ==   == Laba ne == * Olukalala lwa bannakatemba Abazungu * Olukalala lw'abawanguzi b'Awaadi ya Academy Award n'abasunsuddwa okuva mu Great Britain * Olukalala lw'abavubuka abawangudde awaadi ya Academy Award mu kuzannya katemba asinga obuyambi * Olukalala lwa bannakatemba abasunsuddwa ku awaadi ya Academy Award * Olukalala lwa bannakatemba abasunsuddwa mu mpaka za Academy Award ezisukka mu emu mu biti by’okuzannya katemba * Olukalala lw'abawanguzi ba Black Golden Globe n'abasunsuddwa * Olukalala lw'abawanguzi ba Golden Globe == Ebijuliziddwa == {{DEFAULTSORT:Kaluuya, Daniel}} [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] [[Category:Abaazalibwa mu 1989]] [[Category:Abasajja Abangereza abazannyi ba firimu]] [[Category:Abasajja Abangereza ab'enzaalwa ya Africa]] [[Category:Abangereza Abakulisitaayo]] [[Category:Abasajja Abangereza Abakulisitaayo]] <references /> == Ebijuliziddwamu w'abweru wa Wikipedia == *   * Daniel Kaluuya at IMDb rayapvobd0f70kukju5xm9zkyxhx8ns Allen Kagina 0 7480 74193 68502 2026-09-09T13:48:09Z Lillylove256 10862 ntereezeza empandiika 74193 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''<big>Allen Catherine Kagina</big>''' [[Munnayuganda]] addukanya emirimu era akulira ebitongole. Yaliko akulira ekitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku nguudo mu ggwanga ekya [[Uganda National Roads Authority]] (UNRA). Yalondebwa ku kifo ekyo nga 27 Ogwokuna 2015 era n'aggyibwa ku mulimu nga 23 Ogwekkumineebiri 2024.<ref name="New">{{cite web |author=Nelson Bwire |date=27 April 2015 |title=Allen Kagina To Head UNRA |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Allen-Kagina-appointed-UNRA-Executive-Director/-/688334/2698930/-/wd7k8qz/-/index.html |access-date=27 April 2015 |work=[[Daily Monitor]] |location=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref> Ekyo nga tekinnatuuka, okuva mu 2004 okutuuka mu 2014, yaliko Kaminsona Omukulu w’ekitongole ekisolooza omusolo ekya [[Uganda Revenue Authority]] (URA).<ref>{{cite web |last=Kaujju |first=Peter |date=24 March 2007 |title=More Changes In URA |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1168429/changes-ura |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528062818/https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1168429/changes-ura |archive-date=28 May 2019 |access-date=20 October 2016 |newspaper=[[New Vision]] |location=Kampala}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo bye n'obuyigirize == Yazaalibwa mu mwaka gwa 1961 mu [[Rukungiri (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Rukungiri]], nga disitulikiti eno esangibwa mu bitundu by'omu Bugwanjuba bwa Uganda, eri Hezron ne Catherine Kakuyo mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-28 |title=Hezron Kakuyo, Father to UNRA's Allen Kagina Dies at 93 |url=https://www.softpower.ug/hezron-kakuyo-father-to-unras-allen-kagina-dies-at-93/ |access-date=2019-03-30 |website=Online news from Uganda and the East African region - SoftPower News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Shifa Mwesigye |date=2 January 2011 |title=Despite Its Rich Profile, Rukungiri Wallows In Poverty |url=http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=11566:despite-its-rich-profile-rukungiri-wallows-in-poverty |access-date=8 June 2014 |work=[[The Observer (Uganda)]] |location=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref> Kagina yasomera ku ssomero ery'ettutumu ate nga lya kisulo erimanyiddwa nga [[Gayaza High School]], eriri ku musingi gwa bwassekyewa era nga lya bawala bokka. Alina ddiguli mu Bachelor of Science in psychology gye yafunira ku [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y'e Makerere]] era nga ye ssettendekero esinga obukulu mu Uganda ate ng'eri ku musingi gwa gavumenti. Mu ngeri y'emu, alina ddiguli eyookubiri mu by’okuddukanya emirimu gya gavumenti ( Masters in Public Administration) gye yafunira mu University of Liverpool e Bungereza.<ref name="Mother">{{cite web |author=Dorothy Nakaweesi |date=29 June 2010 |title=Allen The Tax Collector And Mother |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Business/Prosper/-/688616/948138/-/iyfnysz/-/index.html |access-date=13 May 2014 |work=[[Daily Monitor]] |location=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref> Yafuna diguli eyookubiri mu by'obukulembeze n'okuddukanya ebitongole nga 30 Ogwekkumi 2015 okuva mu [[Uganda Christian University]], e [[Mukono Town|Mukono]], Uganda.<ref>{{cite web |author=Campusbee Uganda |date=2016 |title=Top prominent UCU alumni……number five will shock you! |url=https://campusbee.ug/news/top-10-prominent-ucu-alumnus/ |access-date=14 July 2022 |work=Campusbee.ug |location=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref> == Obukugu bwe == Kagina yatandika emirimu gye mu mwaka gwa 1985 ng'akola ng'omuyigisa omuyambi (teaching assistant) ku Ssettendekero Makerere (Makerere University). Oluvannyuma yafuna omulimu ku Woofiisi y'omukulembeze w'eggwanga. Mu mwaka gwa 1992, Kagina yeegatta ku kitongole kya URA ng'akola nga ofiisa akulira ebyemisolo mu kitongole kino, ng'eno yakolerayo okutuusa mu mwaka gwa 1998. Yalinnyisibwa eddaala mu mwaka gwa 2000 n'aweebwa ekifo ky’obumyuka w’omukulu avunaanyizibwaku kusolooza emisolo ku bintu ebiva ebweru w’eggwanga  mu kitongole kya URA, n'akakkalabya emirimu gye okutuusa mu mwaka gwa 2001. Yaweebwa omulimu gwa commissioner general mu kitongole kya URA mu 2004.<sup>[5]</sup> Atenderezebwa okuba yasobola okuyimusa ekitongole kino mu byenfuna. Mu mwezi Ogwokubiri, mu mwaka gwa 2006, Kagina yaweebwa ekirabo (Corporate Leadership Award) okuva mu kibiina ekimanyiddwa nga, Destiny Consult<ref>{{Cite web |title=Destiny Consult – Effective Solutions for Leadership Needs |url=https://destinyconsultug.com/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |language=en-US}}</ref>, nga kimusiima okusitula omutindo n'enkola y'emirimu mu kitongole ekisolooza omusolo okuva lwe yakwasibwa obuvunaanyizibwa bw'okukulira ekitongole ekyo mu mwaka gwa 2004.<sup>[6]</sup> Mu mwezi Ogwekkumi, mu mwaka gwa 2010, endagaano ye yazzibwa buggya, n'ayongebwa emyaka emirala esatu. Nga 27 Ogwokuna 2015, Mminisita wa Uganda eyali avunaanyizibwa ku byemirimu n'entambula mu kiseera ekyo, John Byabagambi, yamuwa ekifo ky'okukulira ekitongole kya UNRA, era nga yali wakutandika kukakkalabya mirimu gye mu kifo kye ekiggya okutandikira ddala ng'ennaku z'omwezi 1 Ogwokutaano, 2015.<sup>[1]</sup> == Obulamu bwe obw'omunda == Allen Kagina mufumbo eri Paul Kagina. Awamu, bazadde eri abaana basatu; Dan, Michelle ne Mark. Allen Kagina mukyala mulokole.<ref name="Mother" /> == Laba ne == * Edward Larbi Siaw * Elly Rwakakooko * Stephen Besweri Akabway * Annebritt Aslund<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Vision |title=Former URA boss dead |url=https://www.newvision.co.ugnull/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=New Vision}}</ref> * [[Doris Akol]] * [[John Musinguzi Rujoki]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Abakyala ba Uganda]] [[Category:Abayizi abaaliwo mu Yunivasite y’e Liverpool]] [[Category:Abasomerako e Gayaza High School]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Rukungiri]] [[Category:Abayizi abaaliwo mu Uganda Christian University|Abasomerako ku Uganda Christian University.]] [[Category:Abayizi abaaliwo ku yunivasite y’e Makerere]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abakyaala nga ba Chief Executive]] [[Category:Bannayuganda nga ba Chief Executive]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abazaalibwa mu 1961]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Makerere University]] dvobehqtm2pllks9ri8nvv6hj8x0c7m Module:Protection banner 828 7782 74259 45691 2026-08-30T17:20:50Z en>Primefac 0 Primefac moved page [[Module:Protection banner]] to [[Module:Protected page]]: update following [[Special:Permalink/1372151970#Requested_move_16_August_2026|RM]] 74259 Scribunto text/plain return require [[Module:Protected page]] szdce6cijto5md3vglrgsqmjww4leo2 74260 74259 2026-09-09T16:22:15Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Module:Protection_banner]]: Importing Orphan Template 74259 Scribunto text/plain return require [[Module:Protected page]] szdce6cijto5md3vglrgsqmjww4leo2 Template:High-use 10 7785 74289 28322 2023-05-30T09:39:48Z en>Lectonar 0 Changed protection settings for "[[Template:High-use]]": [[WP:High-risk templates|High-risk template or module]] ([Edit=Require template editor access] (indefinite) [Move=Require template editor access] (indefinite)) 28321 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:High-use|main|1={{{1|}}}|2={{{2|}}}|info={{{info|}}}|demo={{{demo|}}}|form={{{form|}}}|expiry={{{expiry|}}}|system={{{system|}}}}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage; interwiki links go to Wikidata, thank you! --> </noinclude> j29sm6019piulvmp7rcudlkhl1yuxmv 74290 74289 2026-09-09T16:22:17Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Template:High-use]]: Importing Orphan Template 28321 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:High-use|main|1={{{1|}}}|2={{{2|}}}|info={{{info|}}}|demo={{{demo|}}}|form={{{form|}}}|expiry={{{expiry|}}}|system={{{system|}}}}}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage; interwiki links go to Wikidata, thank you! --> </noinclude> j29sm6019piulvmp7rcudlkhl1yuxmv Module:Effective protection level 828 7787 74249 28300 2025-09-25T02:35:06Z en>Pppery 0 Handle gadget page 74249 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} -- Returns the permission required to perform a given action on a given title. -- If no title is specified, the title of the page being displayed is used. function p._main(action, pagename) local title if type(pagename) == 'table' and pagename.prefixedText then title = pagename elseif pagename then title = mw.title.new(pagename) else title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() end pagename = title.prefixedText if action == 'autoreview' then local level = mw.ext.FlaggedRevs.getStabilitySettings(title) level = level and level.autoreview if level == 'review' then return 'reviewer' elseif level ~= '' then return level else return nil -- not '*'. a page not being PC-protected is distinct from it being PC-protected with anyone able to review. also not '', as that would mean PC-protected but nobody can review end elseif action ~= 'edit' and action ~= 'move' and action ~= 'create' and action ~= 'upload' and action ~= 'undelete' then error( 'First parameter must be one of edit, move, create, upload, undelete, autoreview', 2 ) end if title.namespace == 8 then -- MediaWiki namespace if title.text:sub(-3) == '.js' or title.text:sub(-4) == '.css' or title.contentModel == 'javascript' or title.contentModel == 'css' then -- site JS or CSS page return 'interfaceadmin' elseif title.baseText == "Gadgets-definition" then return 'interfaceadmin' else -- any non-JS/CSS MediaWiki page return 'sysop' end elseif title.namespace == 2 and title.isSubpage then if title.contentModel == 'javascript' or title.contentModel == 'css' then -- user JS or CSS page return 'interfaceadmin' elseif title.contentModel == 'json' then -- user JSON page return 'sysop' end end if action == 'undelete' then return 'sysop' end local level = title.protectionLevels[action] and title.protectionLevels[action][1] if level == 'sysop' or level == 'editprotected' then return 'sysop' elseif title.cascadingProtection.restrictions[action] and title.cascadingProtection.restrictions[action][1] then -- used by a cascading-protected page return 'sysop' elseif level == 'templateeditor' then return 'templateeditor' elseif action == 'move' then local blacklistentry = mw.ext.TitleBlacklist.test('edit', pagename) -- Testing action edit is correct, since this is for the source page. The target page name gets tested with action move. if blacklistentry and not blacklistentry.params.autoconfirmed then return 'templateeditor' elseif title.namespace == 6 then return 'filemover' elseif level == 'extendedconfirmed' then return 'extendedconfirmed' else return 'autoconfirmed' end end local blacklistentry = mw.ext.TitleBlacklist.test(action, pagename) if blacklistentry then if not blacklistentry.params.autoconfirmed then return 'templateeditor' elseif level == 'extendedconfirmed' then return 'extendedconfirmed' else return 'autoconfirmed' end elseif level == 'editsemiprotected' then -- create-semiprotected pages return this for some reason return 'autoconfirmed' elseif level then return level elseif action == 'upload' then return 'autoconfirmed' elseif action == 'create' and title.namespace % 2 == 0 and title.namespace ~= 118 then -- You need to be registered, but not autoconfirmed, to create non-talk pages other than drafts if title.namespace == 0 then return 'autoconfirmed' -- Per [[WP:ACPERM]], you need to be autoconfirmed to create pages in mainspace end return 'user' else return '*' end end setmetatable(p, { __index = function(t, k) return function(frame) return t._main(k, frame.args[1]) end end }) return p nacj9lsnya0896kpkyuy2onbc6mm6xw 74250 74249 2026-09-09T16:22:15Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Module:Effective_protection_level]]: Importing Orphan Template 74249 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} -- Returns the permission required to perform a given action on a given title. -- If no title is specified, the title of the page being displayed is used. function p._main(action, pagename) local title if type(pagename) == 'table' and pagename.prefixedText then title = pagename elseif pagename then title = mw.title.new(pagename) else title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() end pagename = title.prefixedText if action == 'autoreview' then local level = mw.ext.FlaggedRevs.getStabilitySettings(title) level = level and level.autoreview if level == 'review' then return 'reviewer' elseif level ~= '' then return level else return nil -- not '*'. a page not being PC-protected is distinct from it being PC-protected with anyone able to review. also not '', as that would mean PC-protected but nobody can review end elseif action ~= 'edit' and action ~= 'move' and action ~= 'create' and action ~= 'upload' and action ~= 'undelete' then error( 'First parameter must be one of edit, move, create, upload, undelete, autoreview', 2 ) end if title.namespace == 8 then -- MediaWiki namespace if title.text:sub(-3) == '.js' or title.text:sub(-4) == '.css' or title.contentModel == 'javascript' or title.contentModel == 'css' then -- site JS or CSS page return 'interfaceadmin' elseif title.baseText == "Gadgets-definition" then return 'interfaceadmin' else -- any non-JS/CSS MediaWiki page return 'sysop' end elseif title.namespace == 2 and title.isSubpage then if title.contentModel == 'javascript' or title.contentModel == 'css' then -- user JS or CSS page return 'interfaceadmin' elseif title.contentModel == 'json' then -- user JSON page return 'sysop' end end if action == 'undelete' then return 'sysop' end local level = title.protectionLevels[action] and title.protectionLevels[action][1] if level == 'sysop' or level == 'editprotected' then return 'sysop' elseif title.cascadingProtection.restrictions[action] and title.cascadingProtection.restrictions[action][1] then -- used by a cascading-protected page return 'sysop' elseif level == 'templateeditor' then return 'templateeditor' elseif action == 'move' then local blacklistentry = mw.ext.TitleBlacklist.test('edit', pagename) -- Testing action edit is correct, since this is for the source page. The target page name gets tested with action move. if blacklistentry and not blacklistentry.params.autoconfirmed then return 'templateeditor' elseif title.namespace == 6 then return 'filemover' elseif level == 'extendedconfirmed' then return 'extendedconfirmed' else return 'autoconfirmed' end end local blacklistentry = mw.ext.TitleBlacklist.test(action, pagename) if blacklistentry then if not blacklistentry.params.autoconfirmed then return 'templateeditor' elseif level == 'extendedconfirmed' then return 'extendedconfirmed' else return 'autoconfirmed' end elseif level == 'editsemiprotected' then -- create-semiprotected pages return this for some reason return 'autoconfirmed' elseif level then return level elseif action == 'upload' then return 'autoconfirmed' elseif action == 'create' and title.namespace % 2 == 0 and title.namespace ~= 118 then -- You need to be registered, but not autoconfirmed, to create non-talk pages other than drafts if title.namespace == 0 then return 'autoconfirmed' -- Per [[WP:ACPERM]], you need to be autoconfirmed to create pages in mainspace end return 'user' else return '*' end end setmetatable(p, { __index = function(t, k) return function(frame) return t._main(k, frame.args[1]) end end }) return p nacj9lsnya0896kpkyuy2onbc6mm6xw Katumba Wamala 0 7984 74172 74166 2026-09-09T12:27:11Z Ssebuufu 9882 Ntaddemu ettuluba 74172 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg|thumb|Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg]] '''Edward Katumba Wamala''' (yazaalibwa 19 ogwekkuminoogumu 1956) asinga kumanyibwa nga '''Katumba Wamala''' munnamaggye eyagannyuka era munnabyabufuzi Munnayuganda aweereza nga Minisita w'Abakozi ba gavumenti kabbineeti ya Uganda, okuva nga 26 Ogwokutaana 2026.<ref>"Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle". ''Daily Monitor''. 26 May 2026. Retrieved 16 July 2026.</ref><ref>"Museveni hails retiring UPDF generals for building peace and security". ''Monitor''. 21 August 2026. Retrieved 23 August 2026.</ref> Nga tannatuuka mu kifo kye kyalimu mu kiseera kino ,Katumba Wamala yaweereza nga minisita omubeezi ow'eby'emirimu mu kabbineeti ya [[Uganda]].<ref>Taddeo Bwambale (10 January 2017). "Muhoozi Replaces Katumba As Army Chief". ''New Vision''. Kampala. Retrieved 10 June 2017.</ref> Era yaweerezaako nga Chief of Staff ow'eggye lya Uganda li Uganda Peoples Defense Forces (UPDF) okuva 2013 okutuusa 2017 ng'era yeeyali omuduumizi w'eggye lya Uganda eryokuttaka okuva mu 2005 okutuusa 2013.<ref name=":1">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/lt-gen-katumba-wamala-from-an-aspiring-doctor-to-an-army-general-1525652</ref>Era yaweerezaako ng'omuduumizi wa poliisi ya Uganda (IGP) eddaala erisinga okuba era waggulu mu ttabi ero erya gavumenti ya Uganda, okuva mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Wamala yeeyali omujaasi w'eggye lya UPDF eyasooka okuweereza ng'omuduumizi poliisi ya Uganda, ng'akyaweereza mu maggye nga tasoose kulekulira. Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba yasimattuka okugezaako okumutemula, mu Kisaasi ekisangibwa mu nkingizi za [[Kampala]], abasajja ababagalidde emmundu bwebaamulumba nebamutuusaako ebisago, okutta muwalawe ne ddereeva, nebamulekera ebiwundu by'amasasi ku bibegaabega byombi.<ref>"Katumba Wamala shooting: Uganda minister's daughter killed". ''news.yahoo.com''. Retrieved 7 June 2021.</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/01/ugandan-minister-hurt-in-assassination-bid-that-killed-his-daughter</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwekkuminoogumu mu mwaka gwa 1956 e Bweeza mu [[Kalangala (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] mu Bizinga by'e Ssese, mu Ttundutundu lya [[Buganda]], [[Uganda]] <ref>Candia, Steven (31 October 2005). "Police Will Miss Katumba Wamala". New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>.Okusoma yakutandikira ku Nakibizzi primary school (Ku lw'e Jinja).Nera yasomera ku St. James nga kati ssomero lya siniya mu Jinja) n'e Bukomero mwannyina gyeyali omusomesa.<ref name=":1" /> Okusoma kwa pulayimale oluvannyuma yakumalirako ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kampala]] mugandawe ne maama we gyebaali basengukidde.Ku mutendera gwa siniya, Katumba agamba teyatambula nnyo engeri gye yatebenkera ku [https://www.oldkampalass.sc.ug/ Old Kampala Secondary School] emyaka mukaaga.<ref name=":1" /> Ng'ali ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School, Katumba agamba nti yayiga essomo erimulinnyisizza amadaala ag'amaanyi." Nasaba omusomesa olukusa okugenda okwetewuluzaako. Omusomesa teyamanya nti nali njagala kufuna kifo kisirifu okusomeramu akatabo, nenkwatibwa omukulu w'essomero mwami Wakatamba . Namulimba nti nali nfunye olukusa okuva ew'omusomesa naye oluvannyuma olw'okwebuusa naakizuula nti nali nnimba, yantwala mu offiisi ye nangalamiza ku mmeeza empanvu nanswanyuula embooko ttaano olw'okukola ekintu ekituufu mu kiseera ekikyamu ne mu kifo ekikyamu" Katumba bwagamba<ref name=":0">https://www.independent.co.ug/gen-edward-katumba-wamala/</ref> Essomo ero lyansigalamu nti nebwenafuulibwa omuduumizi wa poliisi, nagenda okukyalira mwami Wakatamba-Omukulu w'essomero okumusiima naye namusiȠȠaana mu mbeera nga tasobola kuntegeera.<ref name=":0" /> Katumba Wamala alina satifikeeti mu by'obulimi.<ref>https://hicginewsagency.com/2015/06/22/uganda-chief-of-defense-forces-gen-katumba-wamala-with-hon-kivumbi-earnest-benjamin/</ref> Mu 2007, yatikkirwa okuva mu [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] ne Ddiguli esooka mu nkolagana y'amawanga n'enkola z'amawanga okuteeseganya. Alina ne Ddiguli eyokubiri mu bukulembeze obw'okulengera embeera eyomumaaso ([[Master of Science degree in strategic leadership]]) gye yafunira mu ttendekero li [[United States Army War College]] .<ref>"The Chief of Defence Forces, Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala". ''specialforcescommand.go.ug''. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2015.</ref><ref>Tebajjukira, Madinah (22 April 2007). "Uganda: General Katumba Gets First Class Degree". New Vision via AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>Alina amabaluwa g'ekinnamagye okuva mu matendekero gano wammanga; [[Uganda Military Academy]], [[Tanzania Military Academy.]] waliwo n'ebbaluwa gye yafuna okuva tendekero ly'amagye erya [[Soviet Union,]] endala yagifunira mu [[Nigerian Command and staff College,]] ne mu [[United States Army command and staff College]], ssaako ne gye yafunira mu [[United States Army War College]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151223092033/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/463676</ref>Mu 2023, [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] yamuwa ekitiibwa ky'obwa Dokita mu kusiima ettofaali lyatadde ku kitundu kye, Eggwanga, n'abantu.<ref>Samuel Muhimba (26 October 2023). "Gen Katumba Wamala awarded honorary doctorate". ''Nile Post Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Wamala yali offiisa mu ggye lya [[Uganda National Liberation Army.(UNLA)]] ,eggye lya [[National Resistance Army]](NRA) bwe lyawangula [[Uganda National Liberation Front|UNLA]] mu mwaka gwa 1986. Bw'atyo yakyusa nadda mu NRA awataali kimutaataganya.<ref>Kato, Joshua (5 September 2005). "Rebels Turned UPDF Commanders". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Wakati wa 1999 ne 2000, Katumba yali muyizi mu ttendekero ly'amaggye erya [[U.S Army War college]] mu [[Carlisle County, Kentucky|Carlisle]], mu Pennsyvania. Wakati wa 2000 ne 2001,ng'ali ku ddaala lya [[Major General]], yaduumira eggye ly'eggwanga mu ggwanga lya [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]]. Yalondebwa ng'omuduumizi wa police mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Mu Gwomunaana 2003,Katumba yakiika mu lukungaana lw'ekibiina ekigatta Bannayuganda abawangaalirra mu North America lu UNAA mu [[Boston]], Massachusets.<ref>"Uganda: N. American Ugandans Meet". New Vision (Kampala). 2 September 2003. Retrieved 18 February 2026.</ref> Olwo yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya [[luteenanti general]] era naaweebwa eky'okudduumira eggye ly'eggwanga eryokuttaka erisangibwa mu bbalakisi y'amaggye e Bombo nekimufuula omu ku b'offiisa b'amagye abasinga obukulu mu ggye lya Uganda.<ref>Candia, Steven (3 November 2005). "Major General Kale Kaihura Takes Over Police Force". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Mu mulimu gwe nga omuduumizi w'amagye gookuttaka, yenyigira nnyo mu nteekateeka z'eggye erikuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]] ezimanyiddwa ennyo nga [[AMISOM]].<ref>Ayiga Ondoga (14 February 2010). "Over 1,700 UPDF Soldiers for Somalia". Kampala: New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>. Nga 23 Ogwokutaano 2013,yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya genero era naalondebwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'Eggwanga.<ref>John Tugume (24 May 2013). "General Katumba Wamala To Head The Uganda Army". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> == Okugezaako okumutemula. == Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba Wamala bwe yali agenda mu kibuga, abasajja bana abaali babagalidde emigemerawala baasindirira mmotoka ye amasasi mu Kisaasi, ku nkingizi za Kampala.Wamala yafiuna ebiwundu ku bibegaabega byombi, naye yasimattuka naddusibwa mu ddwaliro .Ddereeva we Haruna Kayondo ne muwala we Nantongo battibwa mukifo awaali obulumbaganyi.Abooluganda lwa Brenda bonna beetaba mu lumbe lwa Brenda Wamala Nantongo.<ref>Sam Waswa (1 June 2021). "General Katumba Wamala Attacked by Gunmen; Daughter Reported Dead". ''ChimpReports''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills 2". ''Deutsche Welle''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Katumba Wamala: Uganda minister shot in assassination attempt". ''BBC News''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver". ''The Guardian''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref>.Oluvannuma lw'omwezi ogw'okunoonyereza nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 2021, ab'obuyinza baalaga nti abalumbaganyi baali basiraamu ba nalukalala abantendekembwa mu nkabi ya ba Jihaadi mu Kivu ey'Obukiika kkono e [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]] era balina akakwate ku ggye lya [[Allied Democratic Forces]] (ADF) ne [[Islamic State]].<ref>"Uganda links Islamist rebels to attempted murder of minister". ''Reuters''. 1 July 2021.</ref> [[President of Uganda|Pulezidenti wa Uganda]] [[Yoweri Museveni]] yavumirira obulumbaganyi, bweyannyonyola "ng'omulimu gw' embizi ezitawa bulamu muwendo" == Okuwummula okuva mu ggye Lya UPDF == Mu Gwomunaana 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 47 egy'omuddiriȠȠana egy'obuweereza bw'eggye ly'eggwanga Genereo Katumba wamala waakuwummula okuva mu ggye ly'eggwanaga (UPDF) eyo ng'omwaka gunaatera okuggwako. Agenda mu maaso okuweereza nga minisita mu kabbineeti ya Uganda.<ref>Dan Wandera (9 August 2026). "Gen Katumba honoured ahead of UPDF retirement". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>Rogers Atukunda (10 August 2026). "Katumba Wamala Marks 47 Years of Military Service Ppays Tribute To Museveni". ''SoftPower Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/video/a-look-at-gen-katumba-wamala-s-47-years-in-uniform-5565620</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] 33a0rgmctbpjbt4uirag8764cyxgcbp 74173 74172 2026-09-09T12:27:58Z Ssebuufu 9882 Ntaddemu ettuluba 74173 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg|thumb|Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg]] '''Edward Katumba Wamala''' (yazaalibwa 19 ogwekkuminoogumu 1956) asinga kumanyibwa nga '''Katumba Wamala''' munnamaggye eyagannyuka era munnabyabufuzi Munnayuganda aweereza nga Minisita w'Abakozi ba gavumenti kabbineeti ya Uganda, okuva nga 26 Ogwokutaana 2026.<ref>"Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle". ''Daily Monitor''. 26 May 2026. Retrieved 16 July 2026.</ref><ref>"Museveni hails retiring UPDF generals for building peace and security". ''Monitor''. 21 August 2026. Retrieved 23 August 2026.</ref> Nga tannatuuka mu kifo kye kyalimu mu kiseera kino ,Katumba Wamala yaweereza nga minisita omubeezi ow'eby'emirimu mu kabbineeti ya [[Uganda]].<ref>Taddeo Bwambale (10 January 2017). "Muhoozi Replaces Katumba As Army Chief". ''New Vision''. Kampala. Retrieved 10 June 2017.</ref> Era yaweerezaako nga Chief of Staff ow'eggye lya Uganda li Uganda Peoples Defense Forces (UPDF) okuva 2013 okutuusa 2017 ng'era yeeyali omuduumizi w'eggye lya Uganda eryokuttaka okuva mu 2005 okutuusa 2013.<ref name=":1">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/lt-gen-katumba-wamala-from-an-aspiring-doctor-to-an-army-general-1525652</ref>Era yaweerezaako ng'omuduumizi wa poliisi ya Uganda (IGP) eddaala erisinga okuba era waggulu mu ttabi ero erya gavumenti ya Uganda, okuva mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Wamala yeeyali omujaasi w'eggye lya UPDF eyasooka okuweereza ng'omuduumizi poliisi ya Uganda, ng'akyaweereza mu maggye nga tasoose kulekulira. Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba yasimattuka okugezaako okumutemula, mu Kisaasi ekisangibwa mu nkingizi za [[Kampala]], abasajja ababagalidde emmundu bwebaamulumba nebamutuusaako ebisago, okutta muwalawe ne ddereeva, nebamulekera ebiwundu by'amasasi ku bibegaabega byombi.<ref>"Katumba Wamala shooting: Uganda minister's daughter killed". ''news.yahoo.com''. Retrieved 7 June 2021.</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/01/ugandan-minister-hurt-in-assassination-bid-that-killed-his-daughter</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwekkuminoogumu mu mwaka gwa 1956 e Bweeza mu [[Kalangala (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] mu Bizinga by'e Ssese, mu Ttundutundu lya [[Buganda]], [[Uganda]] <ref>Candia, Steven (31 October 2005). "Police Will Miss Katumba Wamala". New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>.Okusoma yakutandikira ku Nakibizzi primary school (Ku lw'e Jinja).Nera yasomera ku St. James nga kati ssomero lya siniya mu Jinja) n'e Bukomero mwannyina gyeyali omusomesa.<ref name=":1" /> Okusoma kwa pulayimale oluvannyuma yakumalirako ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kampala]] mugandawe ne maama we gyebaali basengukidde.Ku mutendera gwa siniya, Katumba agamba teyatambula nnyo engeri gye yatebenkera ku [https://www.oldkampalass.sc.ug/ Old Kampala Secondary School] emyaka mukaaga.<ref name=":1" /> Ng'ali ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School, Katumba agamba nti yayiga essomo erimulinnyisizza amadaala ag'amaanyi." Nasaba omusomesa olukusa okugenda okwetewuluzaako. Omusomesa teyamanya nti nali njagala kufuna kifo kisirifu okusomeramu akatabo, nenkwatibwa omukulu w'essomero mwami Wakatamba . Namulimba nti nali nfunye olukusa okuva ew'omusomesa naye oluvannyuma olw'okwebuusa naakizuula nti nali nnimba, yantwala mu offiisi ye nangalamiza ku mmeeza empanvu nanswanyuula embooko ttaano olw'okukola ekintu ekituufu mu kiseera ekikyamu ne mu kifo ekikyamu" Katumba bwagamba<ref name=":0">https://www.independent.co.ug/gen-edward-katumba-wamala/</ref> Essomo ero lyansigalamu nti nebwenafuulibwa omuduumizi wa poliisi, nagenda okukyalira mwami Wakatamba-Omukulu w'essomero okumusiima naye namusiȠȠaana mu mbeera nga tasobola kuntegeera.<ref name=":0" /> Katumba Wamala alina satifikeeti mu by'obulimi.<ref>https://hicginewsagency.com/2015/06/22/uganda-chief-of-defense-forces-gen-katumba-wamala-with-hon-kivumbi-earnest-benjamin/</ref> Mu 2007, yatikkirwa okuva mu [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] ne Ddiguli esooka mu nkolagana y'amawanga n'enkola z'amawanga okuteeseganya. Alina ne Ddiguli eyokubiri mu bukulembeze obw'okulengera embeera eyomumaaso ([[Master of Science degree in strategic leadership]]) gye yafunira mu ttendekero li [[United States Army War College]] .<ref>"The Chief of Defence Forces, Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala". ''specialforcescommand.go.ug''. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2015.</ref><ref>Tebajjukira, Madinah (22 April 2007). "Uganda: General Katumba Gets First Class Degree". New Vision via AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>Alina amabaluwa g'ekinnamagye okuva mu matendekero gano wammanga; [[Uganda Military Academy]], [[Tanzania Military Academy.]] waliwo n'ebbaluwa gye yafuna okuva tendekero ly'amagye erya [[Soviet Union,]] endala yagifunira mu [[Nigerian Command and staff College,]] ne mu [[United States Army command and staff College]], ssaako ne gye yafunira mu [[United States Army War College]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151223092033/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/463676</ref>Mu 2023, [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] yamuwa ekitiibwa ky'obwa Dokita mu kusiima ettofaali lyatadde ku kitundu kye, Eggwanga, n'abantu.<ref>Samuel Muhimba (26 October 2023). "Gen Katumba Wamala awarded honorary doctorate". ''Nile Post Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Wamala yali offiisa mu ggye lya [[Uganda National Liberation Army.(UNLA)]] ,eggye lya [[National Resistance Army]](NRA) bwe lyawangula [[Uganda National Liberation Front|UNLA]] mu mwaka gwa 1986. Bw'atyo yakyusa nadda mu NRA awataali kimutaataganya.<ref>Kato, Joshua (5 September 2005). "Rebels Turned UPDF Commanders". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Wakati wa 1999 ne 2000, Katumba yali muyizi mu ttendekero ly'amaggye erya [[U.S Army War college]] mu [[Carlisle County, Kentucky|Carlisle]], mu Pennsyvania. Wakati wa 2000 ne 2001,ng'ali ku ddaala lya [[Major General]], yaduumira eggye ly'eggwanga mu ggwanga lya [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]]. Yalondebwa ng'omuduumizi wa police mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Mu Gwomunaana 2003,Katumba yakiika mu lukungaana lw'ekibiina ekigatta Bannayuganda abawangaalirra mu North America lu UNAA mu [[Boston]], Massachusets.<ref>"Uganda: N. American Ugandans Meet". New Vision (Kampala). 2 September 2003. Retrieved 18 February 2026.</ref> Olwo yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya [[luteenanti general]] era naaweebwa eky'okudduumira eggye ly'eggwanga eryokuttaka erisangibwa mu bbalakisi y'amaggye e Bombo nekimufuula omu ku b'offiisa b'amagye abasinga obukulu mu ggye lya Uganda.<ref>Candia, Steven (3 November 2005). "Major General Kale Kaihura Takes Over Police Force". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Mu mulimu gwe nga omuduumizi w'amagye gookuttaka, yenyigira nnyo mu nteekateeka z'eggye erikuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]] ezimanyiddwa ennyo nga [[AMISOM]].<ref>Ayiga Ondoga (14 February 2010). "Over 1,700 UPDF Soldiers for Somalia". Kampala: New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>. Nga 23 Ogwokutaano 2013,yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya genero era naalondebwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'Eggwanga.<ref>John Tugume (24 May 2013). "General Katumba Wamala To Head The Uganda Army". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> == Okugezaako okumutemula. == Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba Wamala bwe yali agenda mu kibuga, abasajja bana abaali babagalidde emigemerawala baasindirira mmotoka ye amasasi mu Kisaasi, ku nkingizi za Kampala.Wamala yafiuna ebiwundu ku bibegaabega byombi, naye yasimattuka naddusibwa mu ddwaliro .Ddereeva we Haruna Kayondo ne muwala we Nantongo battibwa mukifo awaali obulumbaganyi.Abooluganda lwa Brenda bonna beetaba mu lumbe lwa Brenda Wamala Nantongo.<ref>Sam Waswa (1 June 2021). "General Katumba Wamala Attacked by Gunmen; Daughter Reported Dead". ''ChimpReports''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills 2". ''Deutsche Welle''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Katumba Wamala: Uganda minister shot in assassination attempt". ''BBC News''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver". ''The Guardian''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref>.Oluvannuma lw'omwezi ogw'okunoonyereza nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 2021, ab'obuyinza baalaga nti abalumbaganyi baali basiraamu ba nalukalala abantendekembwa mu nkabi ya ba Jihaadi mu Kivu ey'Obukiika kkono e [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]] era balina akakwate ku ggye lya [[Allied Democratic Forces]] (ADF) ne [[Islamic State]].<ref>"Uganda links Islamist rebels to attempted murder of minister". ''Reuters''. 1 July 2021.</ref> [[President of Uganda|Pulezidenti wa Uganda]] [[Yoweri Museveni]] yavumirira obulumbaganyi, bweyannyonyola "ng'omulimu gw' embizi ezitawa bulamu muwendo" == Okuwummula okuva mu ggye Lya UPDF == Mu Gwomunaana 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 47 egy'omuddiriȠȠana egy'obuweereza bw'eggye ly'eggwanga Genereo Katumba wamala waakuwummula okuva mu ggye ly'eggwanaga (UPDF) eyo ng'omwaka gunaatera okuggwako. Agenda mu maaso okuweereza nga minisita mu kabbineeti ya Uganda.<ref>Dan Wandera (9 August 2026). "Gen Katumba honoured ahead of UPDF retirement". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>Rogers Atukunda (10 August 2026). "Katumba Wamala Marks 47 Years of Military Service Ppays Tribute To Museveni". ''SoftPower Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/video/a-look-at-gen-katumba-wamala-s-47-years-in-uniform-5565620</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1956]] 0j0u91tvre0672b3sdwudyo9e4k1z8l 74174 74173 2026-09-09T12:28:26Z Ssebuufu 9882 Ngasseeko ettuluba 74174 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg|thumb|Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg]] '''Edward Katumba Wamala''' (yazaalibwa 19 ogwekkuminoogumu 1956) asinga kumanyibwa nga '''Katumba Wamala''' munnamaggye eyagannyuka era munnabyabufuzi Munnayuganda aweereza nga Minisita w'Abakozi ba gavumenti kabbineeti ya Uganda, okuva nga 26 Ogwokutaana 2026.<ref>"Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle". ''Daily Monitor''. 26 May 2026. Retrieved 16 July 2026.</ref><ref>"Museveni hails retiring UPDF generals for building peace and security". ''Monitor''. 21 August 2026. Retrieved 23 August 2026.</ref> Nga tannatuuka mu kifo kye kyalimu mu kiseera kino ,Katumba Wamala yaweereza nga minisita omubeezi ow'eby'emirimu mu kabbineeti ya [[Uganda]].<ref>Taddeo Bwambale (10 January 2017). "Muhoozi Replaces Katumba As Army Chief". ''New Vision''. Kampala. Retrieved 10 June 2017.</ref> Era yaweerezaako nga Chief of Staff ow'eggye lya Uganda li Uganda Peoples Defense Forces (UPDF) okuva 2013 okutuusa 2017 ng'era yeeyali omuduumizi w'eggye lya Uganda eryokuttaka okuva mu 2005 okutuusa 2013.<ref name=":1">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/lt-gen-katumba-wamala-from-an-aspiring-doctor-to-an-army-general-1525652</ref>Era yaweerezaako ng'omuduumizi wa poliisi ya Uganda (IGP) eddaala erisinga okuba era waggulu mu ttabi ero erya gavumenti ya Uganda, okuva mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Wamala yeeyali omujaasi w'eggye lya UPDF eyasooka okuweereza ng'omuduumizi poliisi ya Uganda, ng'akyaweereza mu maggye nga tasoose kulekulira. Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba yasimattuka okugezaako okumutemula, mu Kisaasi ekisangibwa mu nkingizi za [[Kampala]], abasajja ababagalidde emmundu bwebaamulumba nebamutuusaako ebisago, okutta muwalawe ne ddereeva, nebamulekera ebiwundu by'amasasi ku bibegaabega byombi.<ref>"Katumba Wamala shooting: Uganda minister's daughter killed". ''news.yahoo.com''. Retrieved 7 June 2021.</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/01/ugandan-minister-hurt-in-assassination-bid-that-killed-his-daughter</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwekkuminoogumu mu mwaka gwa 1956 e Bweeza mu [[Kalangala (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] mu Bizinga by'e Ssese, mu Ttundutundu lya [[Buganda]], [[Uganda]] <ref>Candia, Steven (31 October 2005). "Police Will Miss Katumba Wamala". New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>.Okusoma yakutandikira ku Nakibizzi primary school (Ku lw'e Jinja).Nera yasomera ku St. James nga kati ssomero lya siniya mu Jinja) n'e Bukomero mwannyina gyeyali omusomesa.<ref name=":1" /> Okusoma kwa pulayimale oluvannyuma yakumalirako ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kampala]] mugandawe ne maama we gyebaali basengukidde.Ku mutendera gwa siniya, Katumba agamba teyatambula nnyo engeri gye yatebenkera ku [https://www.oldkampalass.sc.ug/ Old Kampala Secondary School] emyaka mukaaga.<ref name=":1" /> Ng'ali ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School, Katumba agamba nti yayiga essomo erimulinnyisizza amadaala ag'amaanyi." Nasaba omusomesa olukusa okugenda okwetewuluzaako. Omusomesa teyamanya nti nali njagala kufuna kifo kisirifu okusomeramu akatabo, nenkwatibwa omukulu w'essomero mwami Wakatamba . Namulimba nti nali nfunye olukusa okuva ew'omusomesa naye oluvannyuma olw'okwebuusa naakizuula nti nali nnimba, yantwala mu offiisi ye nangalamiza ku mmeeza empanvu nanswanyuula embooko ttaano olw'okukola ekintu ekituufu mu kiseera ekikyamu ne mu kifo ekikyamu" Katumba bwagamba<ref name=":0">https://www.independent.co.ug/gen-edward-katumba-wamala/</ref> Essomo ero lyansigalamu nti nebwenafuulibwa omuduumizi wa poliisi, nagenda okukyalira mwami Wakatamba-Omukulu w'essomero okumusiima naye namusiȠȠaana mu mbeera nga tasobola kuntegeera.<ref name=":0" /> Katumba Wamala alina satifikeeti mu by'obulimi.<ref>https://hicginewsagency.com/2015/06/22/uganda-chief-of-defense-forces-gen-katumba-wamala-with-hon-kivumbi-earnest-benjamin/</ref> Mu 2007, yatikkirwa okuva mu [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] ne Ddiguli esooka mu nkolagana y'amawanga n'enkola z'amawanga okuteeseganya. Alina ne Ddiguli eyokubiri mu bukulembeze obw'okulengera embeera eyomumaaso ([[Master of Science degree in strategic leadership]]) gye yafunira mu ttendekero li [[United States Army War College]] .<ref>"The Chief of Defence Forces, Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala". ''specialforcescommand.go.ug''. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2015.</ref><ref>Tebajjukira, Madinah (22 April 2007). "Uganda: General Katumba Gets First Class Degree". New Vision via AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>Alina amabaluwa g'ekinnamagye okuva mu matendekero gano wammanga; [[Uganda Military Academy]], [[Tanzania Military Academy.]] waliwo n'ebbaluwa gye yafuna okuva tendekero ly'amagye erya [[Soviet Union,]] endala yagifunira mu [[Nigerian Command and staff College,]] ne mu [[United States Army command and staff College]], ssaako ne gye yafunira mu [[United States Army War College]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151223092033/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/463676</ref>Mu 2023, [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] yamuwa ekitiibwa ky'obwa Dokita mu kusiima ettofaali lyatadde ku kitundu kye, Eggwanga, n'abantu.<ref>Samuel Muhimba (26 October 2023). "Gen Katumba Wamala awarded honorary doctorate". ''Nile Post Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Wamala yali offiisa mu ggye lya [[Uganda National Liberation Army.(UNLA)]] ,eggye lya [[National Resistance Army]](NRA) bwe lyawangula [[Uganda National Liberation Front|UNLA]] mu mwaka gwa 1986. Bw'atyo yakyusa nadda mu NRA awataali kimutaataganya.<ref>Kato, Joshua (5 September 2005). "Rebels Turned UPDF Commanders". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Wakati wa 1999 ne 2000, Katumba yali muyizi mu ttendekero ly'amaggye erya [[U.S Army War college]] mu [[Carlisle County, Kentucky|Carlisle]], mu Pennsyvania. Wakati wa 2000 ne 2001,ng'ali ku ddaala lya [[Major General]], yaduumira eggye ly'eggwanga mu ggwanga lya [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]]. Yalondebwa ng'omuduumizi wa police mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Mu Gwomunaana 2003,Katumba yakiika mu lukungaana lw'ekibiina ekigatta Bannayuganda abawangaalirra mu North America lu UNAA mu [[Boston]], Massachusets.<ref>"Uganda: N. American Ugandans Meet". New Vision (Kampala). 2 September 2003. Retrieved 18 February 2026.</ref> Olwo yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya [[luteenanti general]] era naaweebwa eky'okudduumira eggye ly'eggwanga eryokuttaka erisangibwa mu bbalakisi y'amaggye e Bombo nekimufuula omu ku b'offiisa b'amagye abasinga obukulu mu ggye lya Uganda.<ref>Candia, Steven (3 November 2005). "Major General Kale Kaihura Takes Over Police Force". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Mu mulimu gwe nga omuduumizi w'amagye gookuttaka, yenyigira nnyo mu nteekateeka z'eggye erikuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]] ezimanyiddwa ennyo nga [[AMISOM]].<ref>Ayiga Ondoga (14 February 2010). "Over 1,700 UPDF Soldiers for Somalia". Kampala: New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>. Nga 23 Ogwokutaano 2013,yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya genero era naalondebwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'Eggwanga.<ref>John Tugume (24 May 2013). "General Katumba Wamala To Head The Uganda Army". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> == Okugezaako okumutemula. == Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba Wamala bwe yali agenda mu kibuga, abasajja bana abaali babagalidde emigemerawala baasindirira mmotoka ye amasasi mu Kisaasi, ku nkingizi za Kampala.Wamala yafiuna ebiwundu ku bibegaabega byombi, naye yasimattuka naddusibwa mu ddwaliro .Ddereeva we Haruna Kayondo ne muwala we Nantongo battibwa mukifo awaali obulumbaganyi.Abooluganda lwa Brenda bonna beetaba mu lumbe lwa Brenda Wamala Nantongo.<ref>Sam Waswa (1 June 2021). "General Katumba Wamala Attacked by Gunmen; Daughter Reported Dead". ''ChimpReports''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills 2". ''Deutsche Welle''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Katumba Wamala: Uganda minister shot in assassination attempt". ''BBC News''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver". ''The Guardian''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref>.Oluvannuma lw'omwezi ogw'okunoonyereza nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 2021, ab'obuyinza baalaga nti abalumbaganyi baali basiraamu ba nalukalala abantendekembwa mu nkabi ya ba Jihaadi mu Kivu ey'Obukiika kkono e [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]] era balina akakwate ku ggye lya [[Allied Democratic Forces]] (ADF) ne [[Islamic State]].<ref>"Uganda links Islamist rebels to attempted murder of minister". ''Reuters''. 1 July 2021.</ref> [[President of Uganda|Pulezidenti wa Uganda]] [[Yoweri Museveni]] yavumirira obulumbaganyi, bweyannyonyola "ng'omulimu gw' embizi ezitawa bulamu muwendo" == Okuwummula okuva mu ggye Lya UPDF == Mu Gwomunaana 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 47 egy'omuddiriȠȠana egy'obuweereza bw'eggye ly'eggwanga Genereo Katumba wamala waakuwummula okuva mu ggye ly'eggwanaga (UPDF) eyo ng'omwaka gunaatera okuggwako. Agenda mu maaso okuweereza nga minisita mu kabbineeti ya Uganda.<ref>Dan Wandera (9 August 2026). "Gen Katumba honoured ahead of UPDF retirement". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>Rogers Atukunda (10 August 2026). "Katumba Wamala Marks 47 Years of Military Service Ppays Tribute To Museveni". ''SoftPower Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/video/a-look-at-gen-katumba-wamala-s-47-years-in-uniform-5565620</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1956]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] iuxfxncttb6s6stuqj8m1zy9gxkgiaq 74175 74174 2026-09-09T12:29:19Z Ssebuufu 9882 Ngasseeko ettuluba 74175 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg|thumb|Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg]] '''Edward Katumba Wamala''' (yazaalibwa 19 ogwekkuminoogumu 1956) asinga kumanyibwa nga '''Katumba Wamala''' munnamaggye eyagannyuka era munnabyabufuzi Munnayuganda aweereza nga Minisita w'Abakozi ba gavumenti kabbineeti ya Uganda, okuva nga 26 Ogwokutaana 2026.<ref>"Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle". ''Daily Monitor''. 26 May 2026. Retrieved 16 July 2026.</ref><ref>"Museveni hails retiring UPDF generals for building peace and security". ''Monitor''. 21 August 2026. Retrieved 23 August 2026.</ref> Nga tannatuuka mu kifo kye kyalimu mu kiseera kino ,Katumba Wamala yaweereza nga minisita omubeezi ow'eby'emirimu mu kabbineeti ya [[Uganda]].<ref>Taddeo Bwambale (10 January 2017). "Muhoozi Replaces Katumba As Army Chief". ''New Vision''. Kampala. Retrieved 10 June 2017.</ref> Era yaweerezaako nga Chief of Staff ow'eggye lya Uganda li Uganda Peoples Defense Forces (UPDF) okuva 2013 okutuusa 2017 ng'era yeeyali omuduumizi w'eggye lya Uganda eryokuttaka okuva mu 2005 okutuusa 2013.<ref name=":1">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/lt-gen-katumba-wamala-from-an-aspiring-doctor-to-an-army-general-1525652</ref>Era yaweerezaako ng'omuduumizi wa poliisi ya Uganda (IGP) eddaala erisinga okuba era waggulu mu ttabi ero erya gavumenti ya Uganda, okuva mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Wamala yeeyali omujaasi w'eggye lya UPDF eyasooka okuweereza ng'omuduumizi poliisi ya Uganda, ng'akyaweereza mu maggye nga tasoose kulekulira. Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba yasimattuka okugezaako okumutemula, mu Kisaasi ekisangibwa mu nkingizi za [[Kampala]], abasajja ababagalidde emmundu bwebaamulumba nebamutuusaako ebisago, okutta muwalawe ne ddereeva, nebamulekera ebiwundu by'amasasi ku bibegaabega byombi.<ref>"Katumba Wamala shooting: Uganda minister's daughter killed". ''news.yahoo.com''. Retrieved 7 June 2021.</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/01/ugandan-minister-hurt-in-assassination-bid-that-killed-his-daughter</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwekkuminoogumu mu mwaka gwa 1956 e Bweeza mu [[Kalangala (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] mu Bizinga by'e Ssese, mu Ttundutundu lya [[Buganda]], [[Uganda]] <ref>Candia, Steven (31 October 2005). "Police Will Miss Katumba Wamala". New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>.Okusoma yakutandikira ku Nakibizzi primary school (Ku lw'e Jinja).Nera yasomera ku St. James nga kati ssomero lya siniya mu Jinja) n'e Bukomero mwannyina gyeyali omusomesa.<ref name=":1" /> Okusoma kwa pulayimale oluvannyuma yakumalirako ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kampala]] mugandawe ne maama we gyebaali basengukidde.Ku mutendera gwa siniya, Katumba agamba teyatambula nnyo engeri gye yatebenkera ku [https://www.oldkampalass.sc.ug/ Old Kampala Secondary School] emyaka mukaaga.<ref name=":1" /> Ng'ali ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School, Katumba agamba nti yayiga essomo erimulinnyisizza amadaala ag'amaanyi." Nasaba omusomesa olukusa okugenda okwetewuluzaako. Omusomesa teyamanya nti nali njagala kufuna kifo kisirifu okusomeramu akatabo, nenkwatibwa omukulu w'essomero mwami Wakatamba . Namulimba nti nali nfunye olukusa okuva ew'omusomesa naye oluvannyuma olw'okwebuusa naakizuula nti nali nnimba, yantwala mu offiisi ye nangalamiza ku mmeeza empanvu nanswanyuula embooko ttaano olw'okukola ekintu ekituufu mu kiseera ekikyamu ne mu kifo ekikyamu" Katumba bwagamba<ref name=":0">https://www.independent.co.ug/gen-edward-katumba-wamala/</ref> Essomo ero lyansigalamu nti nebwenafuulibwa omuduumizi wa poliisi, nagenda okukyalira mwami Wakatamba-Omukulu w'essomero okumusiima naye namusiȠȠaana mu mbeera nga tasobola kuntegeera.<ref name=":0" /> Katumba Wamala alina satifikeeti mu by'obulimi.<ref>https://hicginewsagency.com/2015/06/22/uganda-chief-of-defense-forces-gen-katumba-wamala-with-hon-kivumbi-earnest-benjamin/</ref> Mu 2007, yatikkirwa okuva mu [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] ne Ddiguli esooka mu nkolagana y'amawanga n'enkola z'amawanga okuteeseganya. Alina ne Ddiguli eyokubiri mu bukulembeze obw'okulengera embeera eyomumaaso ([[Master of Science degree in strategic leadership]]) gye yafunira mu ttendekero li [[United States Army War College]] .<ref>"The Chief of Defence Forces, Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala". ''specialforcescommand.go.ug''. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2015.</ref><ref>Tebajjukira, Madinah (22 April 2007). "Uganda: General Katumba Gets First Class Degree". New Vision via AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>Alina amabaluwa g'ekinnamagye okuva mu matendekero gano wammanga; [[Uganda Military Academy]], [[Tanzania Military Academy.]] waliwo n'ebbaluwa gye yafuna okuva tendekero ly'amagye erya [[Soviet Union,]] endala yagifunira mu [[Nigerian Command and staff College,]] ne mu [[United States Army command and staff College]], ssaako ne gye yafunira mu [[United States Army War College]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151223092033/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/463676</ref>Mu 2023, [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] yamuwa ekitiibwa ky'obwa Dokita mu kusiima ettofaali lyatadde ku kitundu kye, Eggwanga, n'abantu.<ref>Samuel Muhimba (26 October 2023). "Gen Katumba Wamala awarded honorary doctorate". ''Nile Post Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Wamala yali offiisa mu ggye lya [[Uganda National Liberation Army.(UNLA)]] ,eggye lya [[National Resistance Army]](NRA) bwe lyawangula [[Uganda National Liberation Front|UNLA]] mu mwaka gwa 1986. Bw'atyo yakyusa nadda mu NRA awataali kimutaataganya.<ref>Kato, Joshua (5 September 2005). "Rebels Turned UPDF Commanders". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Wakati wa 1999 ne 2000, Katumba yali muyizi mu ttendekero ly'amaggye erya [[U.S Army War college]] mu [[Carlisle County, Kentucky|Carlisle]], mu Pennsyvania. Wakati wa 2000 ne 2001,ng'ali ku ddaala lya [[Major General]], yaduumira eggye ly'eggwanga mu ggwanga lya [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]]. Yalondebwa ng'omuduumizi wa police mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Mu Gwomunaana 2003,Katumba yakiika mu lukungaana lw'ekibiina ekigatta Bannayuganda abawangaalirra mu North America lu UNAA mu [[Boston]], Massachusets.<ref>"Uganda: N. American Ugandans Meet". New Vision (Kampala). 2 September 2003. Retrieved 18 February 2026.</ref> Olwo yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya [[luteenanti general]] era naaweebwa eky'okudduumira eggye ly'eggwanga eryokuttaka erisangibwa mu bbalakisi y'amaggye e Bombo nekimufuula omu ku b'offiisa b'amagye abasinga obukulu mu ggye lya Uganda.<ref>Candia, Steven (3 November 2005). "Major General Kale Kaihura Takes Over Police Force". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Mu mulimu gwe nga omuduumizi w'amagye gookuttaka, yenyigira nnyo mu nteekateeka z'eggye erikuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]] ezimanyiddwa ennyo nga [[AMISOM]].<ref>Ayiga Ondoga (14 February 2010). "Over 1,700 UPDF Soldiers for Somalia". Kampala: New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>. Nga 23 Ogwokutaano 2013,yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya genero era naalondebwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'Eggwanga.<ref>John Tugume (24 May 2013). "General Katumba Wamala To Head The Uganda Army". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> == Okugezaako okumutemula. == Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba Wamala bwe yali agenda mu kibuga, abasajja bana abaali babagalidde emigemerawala baasindirira mmotoka ye amasasi mu Kisaasi, ku nkingizi za Kampala.Wamala yafiuna ebiwundu ku bibegaabega byombi, naye yasimattuka naddusibwa mu ddwaliro .Ddereeva we Haruna Kayondo ne muwala we Nantongo battibwa mukifo awaali obulumbaganyi.Abooluganda lwa Brenda bonna beetaba mu lumbe lwa Brenda Wamala Nantongo.<ref>Sam Waswa (1 June 2021). "General Katumba Wamala Attacked by Gunmen; Daughter Reported Dead". ''ChimpReports''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills 2". ''Deutsche Welle''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Katumba Wamala: Uganda minister shot in assassination attempt". ''BBC News''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver". ''The Guardian''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref>.Oluvannuma lw'omwezi ogw'okunoonyereza nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 2021, ab'obuyinza baalaga nti abalumbaganyi baali basiraamu ba nalukalala abantendekembwa mu nkabi ya ba Jihaadi mu Kivu ey'Obukiika kkono e [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]] era balina akakwate ku ggye lya [[Allied Democratic Forces]] (ADF) ne [[Islamic State]].<ref>"Uganda links Islamist rebels to attempted murder of minister". ''Reuters''. 1 July 2021.</ref> [[President of Uganda|Pulezidenti wa Uganda]] [[Yoweri Museveni]] yavumirira obulumbaganyi, bweyannyonyola "ng'omulimu gw' embizi ezitawa bulamu muwendo" == Okuwummula okuva mu ggye Lya UPDF == Mu Gwomunaana 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 47 egy'omuddiriȠȠana egy'obuweereza bw'eggye ly'eggwanga Genereo Katumba wamala waakuwummula okuva mu ggye ly'eggwanaga (UPDF) eyo ng'omwaka gunaatera okuggwako. Agenda mu maaso okuweereza nga minisita mu kabbineeti ya Uganda.<ref>Dan Wandera (9 August 2026). "Gen Katumba honoured ahead of UPDF retirement". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>Rogers Atukunda (10 August 2026). "Katumba Wamala Marks 47 Years of Military Service Ppays Tribute To Museveni". ''SoftPower Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/video/a-look-at-gen-katumba-wamala-s-47-years-in-uniform-5565620</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1956]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] c9x4euw21t2o350rcmpwk4acb95qjos 74176 74175 2026-09-09T12:33:50Z Ssebuufu 9882 Ngasseeko ettuluba 74176 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg|thumb|Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg]] '''Edward Katumba Wamala''' (yazaalibwa 19 ogwekkuminoogumu 1956) asinga kumanyibwa nga '''Katumba Wamala''' munnamaggye eyagannyuka era munnabyabufuzi Munnayuganda aweereza nga Minisita w'Abakozi ba gavumenti kabbineeti ya Uganda, okuva nga 26 Ogwokutaana 2026.<ref>"Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle". ''Daily Monitor''. 26 May 2026. Retrieved 16 July 2026.</ref><ref>"Museveni hails retiring UPDF generals for building peace and security". ''Monitor''. 21 August 2026. Retrieved 23 August 2026.</ref> Nga tannatuuka mu kifo kye kyalimu mu kiseera kino ,Katumba Wamala yaweereza nga minisita omubeezi ow'eby'emirimu mu kabbineeti ya [[Uganda]].<ref>Taddeo Bwambale (10 January 2017). "Muhoozi Replaces Katumba As Army Chief". ''New Vision''. Kampala. Retrieved 10 June 2017.</ref> Era yaweerezaako nga Chief of Staff ow'eggye lya Uganda li Uganda Peoples Defense Forces (UPDF) okuva 2013 okutuusa 2017 ng'era yeeyali omuduumizi w'eggye lya Uganda eryokuttaka okuva mu 2005 okutuusa 2013.<ref name=":1">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/lt-gen-katumba-wamala-from-an-aspiring-doctor-to-an-army-general-1525652</ref>Era yaweerezaako ng'omuduumizi wa poliisi ya Uganda (IGP) eddaala erisinga okuba era waggulu mu ttabi ero erya gavumenti ya Uganda, okuva mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Wamala yeeyali omujaasi w'eggye lya UPDF eyasooka okuweereza ng'omuduumizi poliisi ya Uganda, ng'akyaweereza mu maggye nga tasoose kulekulira. Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba yasimattuka okugezaako okumutemula, mu Kisaasi ekisangibwa mu nkingizi za [[Kampala]], abasajja ababagalidde emmundu bwebaamulumba nebamutuusaako ebisago, okutta muwalawe ne ddereeva, nebamulekera ebiwundu by'amasasi ku bibegaabega byombi.<ref>"Katumba Wamala shooting: Uganda minister's daughter killed". ''news.yahoo.com''. Retrieved 7 June 2021.</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/01/ugandan-minister-hurt-in-assassination-bid-that-killed-his-daughter</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwekkuminoogumu mu mwaka gwa 1956 e Bweeza mu [[Kalangala (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] mu Bizinga by'e Ssese, mu Ttundutundu lya [[Buganda]], [[Uganda]] <ref>Candia, Steven (31 October 2005). "Police Will Miss Katumba Wamala". New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>.Okusoma yakutandikira ku Nakibizzi primary school (Ku lw'e Jinja).Nera yasomera ku St. James nga kati ssomero lya siniya mu Jinja) n'e Bukomero mwannyina gyeyali omusomesa.<ref name=":1" /> Okusoma kwa pulayimale oluvannyuma yakumalirako ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kampala]] mugandawe ne maama we gyebaali basengukidde.Ku mutendera gwa siniya, Katumba agamba teyatambula nnyo engeri gye yatebenkera ku [https://www.oldkampalass.sc.ug/ Old Kampala Secondary School] emyaka mukaaga.<ref name=":1" /> Ng'ali ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School, Katumba agamba nti yayiga essomo erimulinnyisizza amadaala ag'amaanyi." Nasaba omusomesa olukusa okugenda okwetewuluzaako. Omusomesa teyamanya nti nali njagala kufuna kifo kisirifu okusomeramu akatabo, nenkwatibwa omukulu w'essomero mwami Wakatamba . Namulimba nti nali nfunye olukusa okuva ew'omusomesa naye oluvannyuma olw'okwebuusa naakizuula nti nali nnimba, yantwala mu offiisi ye nangalamiza ku mmeeza empanvu nanswanyuula embooko ttaano olw'okukola ekintu ekituufu mu kiseera ekikyamu ne mu kifo ekikyamu" Katumba bwagamba<ref name=":0">https://www.independent.co.ug/gen-edward-katumba-wamala/</ref> Essomo ero lyansigalamu nti nebwenafuulibwa omuduumizi wa poliisi, nagenda okukyalira mwami Wakatamba-Omukulu w'essomero okumusiima naye namusiȠȠaana mu mbeera nga tasobola kuntegeera.<ref name=":0" /> Katumba Wamala alina satifikeeti mu by'obulimi.<ref>https://hicginewsagency.com/2015/06/22/uganda-chief-of-defense-forces-gen-katumba-wamala-with-hon-kivumbi-earnest-benjamin/</ref> Mu 2007, yatikkirwa okuva mu [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] ne Ddiguli esooka mu nkolagana y'amawanga n'enkola z'amawanga okuteeseganya. Alina ne Ddiguli eyokubiri mu bukulembeze obw'okulengera embeera eyomumaaso ([[Master of Science degree in strategic leadership]]) gye yafunira mu ttendekero li [[United States Army War College]] .<ref>"The Chief of Defence Forces, Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala". ''specialforcescommand.go.ug''. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2015.</ref><ref>Tebajjukira, Madinah (22 April 2007). "Uganda: General Katumba Gets First Class Degree". New Vision via AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>Alina amabaluwa g'ekinnamagye okuva mu matendekero gano wammanga; [[Uganda Military Academy]], [[Tanzania Military Academy.]] waliwo n'ebbaluwa gye yafuna okuva tendekero ly'amagye erya [[Soviet Union,]] endala yagifunira mu [[Nigerian Command and staff College,]] ne mu [[United States Army command and staff College]], ssaako ne gye yafunira mu [[United States Army War College]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151223092033/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/463676</ref>Mu 2023, [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] yamuwa ekitiibwa ky'obwa Dokita mu kusiima ettofaali lyatadde ku kitundu kye, Eggwanga, n'abantu.<ref>Samuel Muhimba (26 October 2023). "Gen Katumba Wamala awarded honorary doctorate". ''Nile Post Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Wamala yali offiisa mu ggye lya [[Uganda National Liberation Army.(UNLA)]] ,eggye lya [[National Resistance Army]](NRA) bwe lyawangula [[Uganda National Liberation Front|UNLA]] mu mwaka gwa 1986. Bw'atyo yakyusa nadda mu NRA awataali kimutaataganya.<ref>Kato, Joshua (5 September 2005). "Rebels Turned UPDF Commanders". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Wakati wa 1999 ne 2000, Katumba yali muyizi mu ttendekero ly'amaggye erya [[U.S Army War college]] mu [[Carlisle County, Kentucky|Carlisle]], mu Pennsyvania. Wakati wa 2000 ne 2001,ng'ali ku ddaala lya [[Major General]], yaduumira eggye ly'eggwanga mu ggwanga lya [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]]. Yalondebwa ng'omuduumizi wa police mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Mu Gwomunaana 2003,Katumba yakiika mu lukungaana lw'ekibiina ekigatta Bannayuganda abawangaalirra mu North America lu UNAA mu [[Boston]], Massachusets.<ref>"Uganda: N. American Ugandans Meet". New Vision (Kampala). 2 September 2003. Retrieved 18 February 2026.</ref> Olwo yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya [[luteenanti general]] era naaweebwa eky'okudduumira eggye ly'eggwanga eryokuttaka erisangibwa mu bbalakisi y'amaggye e Bombo nekimufuula omu ku b'offiisa b'amagye abasinga obukulu mu ggye lya Uganda.<ref>Candia, Steven (3 November 2005). "Major General Kale Kaihura Takes Over Police Force". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Mu mulimu gwe nga omuduumizi w'amagye gookuttaka, yenyigira nnyo mu nteekateeka z'eggye erikuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]] ezimanyiddwa ennyo nga [[AMISOM]].<ref>Ayiga Ondoga (14 February 2010). "Over 1,700 UPDF Soldiers for Somalia". Kampala: New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>. Nga 23 Ogwokutaano 2013,yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya genero era naalondebwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'Eggwanga.<ref>John Tugume (24 May 2013). "General Katumba Wamala To Head The Uganda Army". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> == Okugezaako okumutemula. == Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba Wamala bwe yali agenda mu kibuga, abasajja bana abaali babagalidde emigemerawala baasindirira mmotoka ye amasasi mu Kisaasi, ku nkingizi za Kampala.Wamala yafiuna ebiwundu ku bibegaabega byombi, naye yasimattuka naddusibwa mu ddwaliro .Ddereeva we Haruna Kayondo ne muwala we Nantongo battibwa mukifo awaali obulumbaganyi.Abooluganda lwa Brenda bonna beetaba mu lumbe lwa Brenda Wamala Nantongo.<ref>Sam Waswa (1 June 2021). "General Katumba Wamala Attacked by Gunmen; Daughter Reported Dead". ''ChimpReports''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills 2". ''Deutsche Welle''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Katumba Wamala: Uganda minister shot in assassination attempt". ''BBC News''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver". ''The Guardian''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref>.Oluvannuma lw'omwezi ogw'okunoonyereza nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 2021, ab'obuyinza baalaga nti abalumbaganyi baali basiraamu ba nalukalala abantendekembwa mu nkabi ya ba Jihaadi mu Kivu ey'Obukiika kkono e [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]] era balina akakwate ku ggye lya [[Allied Democratic Forces]] (ADF) ne [[Islamic State]].<ref>"Uganda links Islamist rebels to attempted murder of minister". ''Reuters''. 1 July 2021.</ref> [[President of Uganda|Pulezidenti wa Uganda]] [[Yoweri Museveni]] yavumirira obulumbaganyi, bweyannyonyola "ng'omulimu gw' embizi ezitawa bulamu muwendo" == Okuwummula okuva mu ggye Lya UPDF == Mu Gwomunaana 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 47 egy'omuddiriȠȠana egy'obuweereza bw'eggye ly'eggwanga Genereo Katumba wamala waakuwummula okuva mu ggye ly'eggwanaga (UPDF) eyo ng'omwaka gunaatera okuggwako. Agenda mu maaso okuweereza nga minisita mu kabbineeti ya Uganda.<ref>Dan Wandera (9 August 2026). "Gen Katumba honoured ahead of UPDF retirement". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>Rogers Atukunda (10 August 2026). "Katumba Wamala Marks 47 Years of Military Service Ppays Tribute To Museveni". ''SoftPower Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/video/a-look-at-gen-katumba-wamala-s-47-years-in-uniform-5565620</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1956]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] [[Category:Abaganda]] hteopfko3lmkwgd32fw4ve253jpmrt1 74177 74176 2026-09-09T12:34:58Z Ssebuufu 9882 Ngasseeko ettuluba 74177 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg|thumb|Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg]] '''Edward Katumba Wamala''' (yazaalibwa 19 ogwekkuminoogumu 1956) asinga kumanyibwa nga '''Katumba Wamala''' munnamaggye eyagannyuka era munnabyabufuzi Munnayuganda aweereza nga Minisita w'Abakozi ba gavumenti kabbineeti ya Uganda, okuva nga 26 Ogwokutaana 2026.<ref>"Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle". ''Daily Monitor''. 26 May 2026. Retrieved 16 July 2026.</ref><ref>"Museveni hails retiring UPDF generals for building peace and security". ''Monitor''. 21 August 2026. Retrieved 23 August 2026.</ref> Nga tannatuuka mu kifo kye kyalimu mu kiseera kino ,Katumba Wamala yaweereza nga minisita omubeezi ow'eby'emirimu mu kabbineeti ya [[Uganda]].<ref>Taddeo Bwambale (10 January 2017). "Muhoozi Replaces Katumba As Army Chief". ''New Vision''. Kampala. Retrieved 10 June 2017.</ref> Era yaweerezaako nga Chief of Staff ow'eggye lya Uganda li Uganda Peoples Defense Forces (UPDF) okuva 2013 okutuusa 2017 ng'era yeeyali omuduumizi w'eggye lya Uganda eryokuttaka okuva mu 2005 okutuusa 2013.<ref name=":1">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/lt-gen-katumba-wamala-from-an-aspiring-doctor-to-an-army-general-1525652</ref>Era yaweerezaako ng'omuduumizi wa poliisi ya Uganda (IGP) eddaala erisinga okuba era waggulu mu ttabi ero erya gavumenti ya Uganda, okuva mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Wamala yeeyali omujaasi w'eggye lya UPDF eyasooka okuweereza ng'omuduumizi poliisi ya Uganda, ng'akyaweereza mu maggye nga tasoose kulekulira. Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba yasimattuka okugezaako okumutemula, mu Kisaasi ekisangibwa mu nkingizi za [[Kampala]], abasajja ababagalidde emmundu bwebaamulumba nebamutuusaako ebisago, okutta muwalawe ne ddereeva, nebamulekera ebiwundu by'amasasi ku bibegaabega byombi.<ref>"Katumba Wamala shooting: Uganda minister's daughter killed". ''news.yahoo.com''. Retrieved 7 June 2021.</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/01/ugandan-minister-hurt-in-assassination-bid-that-killed-his-daughter</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwekkuminoogumu mu mwaka gwa 1956 e Bweeza mu [[Kalangala (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] mu Bizinga by'e Ssese, mu Ttundutundu lya [[Buganda]], [[Uganda]] <ref>Candia, Steven (31 October 2005). "Police Will Miss Katumba Wamala". New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>.Okusoma yakutandikira ku Nakibizzi primary school (Ku lw'e Jinja).Nera yasomera ku St. James nga kati ssomero lya siniya mu Jinja) n'e Bukomero mwannyina gyeyali omusomesa.<ref name=":1" /> Okusoma kwa pulayimale oluvannyuma yakumalirako ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kampala]] mugandawe ne maama we gyebaali basengukidde.Ku mutendera gwa siniya, Katumba agamba teyatambula nnyo engeri gye yatebenkera ku [https://www.oldkampalass.sc.ug/ Old Kampala Secondary School] emyaka mukaaga.<ref name=":1" /> Ng'ali ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School, Katumba agamba nti yayiga essomo erimulinnyisizza amadaala ag'amaanyi." Nasaba omusomesa olukusa okugenda okwetewuluzaako. Omusomesa teyamanya nti nali njagala kufuna kifo kisirifu okusomeramu akatabo, nenkwatibwa omukulu w'essomero mwami Wakatamba . Namulimba nti nali nfunye olukusa okuva ew'omusomesa naye oluvannyuma olw'okwebuusa naakizuula nti nali nnimba, yantwala mu offiisi ye nangalamiza ku mmeeza empanvu nanswanyuula embooko ttaano olw'okukola ekintu ekituufu mu kiseera ekikyamu ne mu kifo ekikyamu" Katumba bwagamba<ref name=":0">https://www.independent.co.ug/gen-edward-katumba-wamala/</ref> Essomo ero lyansigalamu nti nebwenafuulibwa omuduumizi wa poliisi, nagenda okukyalira mwami Wakatamba-Omukulu w'essomero okumusiima naye namusiȠȠaana mu mbeera nga tasobola kuntegeera.<ref name=":0" /> Katumba Wamala alina satifikeeti mu by'obulimi.<ref>https://hicginewsagency.com/2015/06/22/uganda-chief-of-defense-forces-gen-katumba-wamala-with-hon-kivumbi-earnest-benjamin/</ref> Mu 2007, yatikkirwa okuva mu [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] ne Ddiguli esooka mu nkolagana y'amawanga n'enkola z'amawanga okuteeseganya. Alina ne Ddiguli eyokubiri mu bukulembeze obw'okulengera embeera eyomumaaso ([[Master of Science degree in strategic leadership]]) gye yafunira mu ttendekero li [[United States Army War College]] .<ref>"The Chief of Defence Forces, Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala". ''specialforcescommand.go.ug''. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2015.</ref><ref>Tebajjukira, Madinah (22 April 2007). "Uganda: General Katumba Gets First Class Degree". New Vision via AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>Alina amabaluwa g'ekinnamagye okuva mu matendekero gano wammanga; [[Uganda Military Academy]], [[Tanzania Military Academy.]] waliwo n'ebbaluwa gye yafuna okuva tendekero ly'amagye erya [[Soviet Union,]] endala yagifunira mu [[Nigerian Command and staff College,]] ne mu [[United States Army command and staff College]], ssaako ne gye yafunira mu [[United States Army War College]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151223092033/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/463676</ref>Mu 2023, [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] yamuwa ekitiibwa ky'obwa Dokita mu kusiima ettofaali lyatadde ku kitundu kye, Eggwanga, n'abantu.<ref>Samuel Muhimba (26 October 2023). "Gen Katumba Wamala awarded honorary doctorate". ''Nile Post Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Wamala yali offiisa mu ggye lya [[Uganda National Liberation Army.(UNLA)]] ,eggye lya [[National Resistance Army]](NRA) bwe lyawangula [[Uganda National Liberation Front|UNLA]] mu mwaka gwa 1986. Bw'atyo yakyusa nadda mu NRA awataali kimutaataganya.<ref>Kato, Joshua (5 September 2005). "Rebels Turned UPDF Commanders". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Wakati wa 1999 ne 2000, Katumba yali muyizi mu ttendekero ly'amaggye erya [[U.S Army War college]] mu [[Carlisle County, Kentucky|Carlisle]], mu Pennsyvania. Wakati wa 2000 ne 2001,ng'ali ku ddaala lya [[Major General]], yaduumira eggye ly'eggwanga mu ggwanga lya [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]]. Yalondebwa ng'omuduumizi wa police mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Mu Gwomunaana 2003,Katumba yakiika mu lukungaana lw'ekibiina ekigatta Bannayuganda abawangaalirra mu North America lu UNAA mu [[Boston]], Massachusets.<ref>"Uganda: N. American Ugandans Meet". New Vision (Kampala). 2 September 2003. Retrieved 18 February 2026.</ref> Olwo yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya [[luteenanti general]] era naaweebwa eky'okudduumira eggye ly'eggwanga eryokuttaka erisangibwa mu bbalakisi y'amaggye e Bombo nekimufuula omu ku b'offiisa b'amagye abasinga obukulu mu ggye lya Uganda.<ref>Candia, Steven (3 November 2005). "Major General Kale Kaihura Takes Over Police Force". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Mu mulimu gwe nga omuduumizi w'amagye gookuttaka, yenyigira nnyo mu nteekateeka z'eggye erikuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]] ezimanyiddwa ennyo nga [[AMISOM]].<ref>Ayiga Ondoga (14 February 2010). "Over 1,700 UPDF Soldiers for Somalia". Kampala: New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>. Nga 23 Ogwokutaano 2013,yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya genero era naalondebwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'Eggwanga.<ref>John Tugume (24 May 2013). "General Katumba Wamala To Head The Uganda Army". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> == Okugezaako okumutemula. == Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba Wamala bwe yali agenda mu kibuga, abasajja bana abaali babagalidde emigemerawala baasindirira mmotoka ye amasasi mu Kisaasi, ku nkingizi za Kampala.Wamala yafiuna ebiwundu ku bibegaabega byombi, naye yasimattuka naddusibwa mu ddwaliro .Ddereeva we Haruna Kayondo ne muwala we Nantongo battibwa mukifo awaali obulumbaganyi.Abooluganda lwa Brenda bonna beetaba mu lumbe lwa Brenda Wamala Nantongo.<ref>Sam Waswa (1 June 2021). "General Katumba Wamala Attacked by Gunmen; Daughter Reported Dead". ''ChimpReports''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills 2". ''Deutsche Welle''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Katumba Wamala: Uganda minister shot in assassination attempt". ''BBC News''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver". ''The Guardian''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref>.Oluvannuma lw'omwezi ogw'okunoonyereza nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 2021, ab'obuyinza baalaga nti abalumbaganyi baali basiraamu ba nalukalala abantendekembwa mu nkabi ya ba Jihaadi mu Kivu ey'Obukiika kkono e [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]] era balina akakwate ku ggye lya [[Allied Democratic Forces]] (ADF) ne [[Islamic State]].<ref>"Uganda links Islamist rebels to attempted murder of minister". ''Reuters''. 1 July 2021.</ref> [[President of Uganda|Pulezidenti wa Uganda]] [[Yoweri Museveni]] yavumirira obulumbaganyi, bweyannyonyola "ng'omulimu gw' embizi ezitawa bulamu muwendo" == Okuwummula okuva mu ggye Lya UPDF == Mu Gwomunaana 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 47 egy'omuddiriȠȠana egy'obuweereza bw'eggye ly'eggwanga Genereo Katumba wamala waakuwummula okuva mu ggye ly'eggwanaga (UPDF) eyo ng'omwaka gunaatera okuggwako. Agenda mu maaso okuweereza nga minisita mu kabbineeti ya Uganda.<ref>Dan Wandera (9 August 2026). "Gen Katumba honoured ahead of UPDF retirement". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>Rogers Atukunda (10 August 2026). "Katumba Wamala Marks 47 Years of Military Service Ppays Tribute To Museveni". ''SoftPower Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/video/a-look-at-gen-katumba-wamala-s-47-years-in-uniform-5565620</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1956]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] [[Category:Abaganda]] [[Category:Abaduumizi ba police ya Uganda]] cjr0kjb1qq478uky3aqv6uidbszcl6c 74178 74177 2026-09-09T12:36:06Z Ssebuufu 9882 Ngasseeko ettuluba 74178 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg|thumb|Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg]] '''Edward Katumba Wamala''' (yazaalibwa 19 ogwekkuminoogumu 1956) asinga kumanyibwa nga '''Katumba Wamala''' munnamaggye eyagannyuka era munnabyabufuzi Munnayuganda aweereza nga Minisita w'Abakozi ba gavumenti kabbineeti ya Uganda, okuva nga 26 Ogwokutaana 2026.<ref>"Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle". ''Daily Monitor''. 26 May 2026. Retrieved 16 July 2026.</ref><ref>"Museveni hails retiring UPDF generals for building peace and security". ''Monitor''. 21 August 2026. Retrieved 23 August 2026.</ref> Nga tannatuuka mu kifo kye kyalimu mu kiseera kino ,Katumba Wamala yaweereza nga minisita omubeezi ow'eby'emirimu mu kabbineeti ya [[Uganda]].<ref>Taddeo Bwambale (10 January 2017). "Muhoozi Replaces Katumba As Army Chief". ''New Vision''. Kampala. Retrieved 10 June 2017.</ref> Era yaweerezaako nga Chief of Staff ow'eggye lya Uganda li Uganda Peoples Defense Forces (UPDF) okuva 2013 okutuusa 2017 ng'era yeeyali omuduumizi w'eggye lya Uganda eryokuttaka okuva mu 2005 okutuusa 2013.<ref name=":1">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/lt-gen-katumba-wamala-from-an-aspiring-doctor-to-an-army-general-1525652</ref>Era yaweerezaako ng'omuduumizi wa poliisi ya Uganda (IGP) eddaala erisinga okuba era waggulu mu ttabi ero erya gavumenti ya Uganda, okuva mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Wamala yeeyali omujaasi w'eggye lya UPDF eyasooka okuweereza ng'omuduumizi poliisi ya Uganda, ng'akyaweereza mu maggye nga tasoose kulekulira. Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba yasimattuka okugezaako okumutemula, mu Kisaasi ekisangibwa mu nkingizi za [[Kampala]], abasajja ababagalidde emmundu bwebaamulumba nebamutuusaako ebisago, okutta muwalawe ne ddereeva, nebamulekera ebiwundu by'amasasi ku bibegaabega byombi.<ref>"Katumba Wamala shooting: Uganda minister's daughter killed". ''news.yahoo.com''. Retrieved 7 June 2021.</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/01/ugandan-minister-hurt-in-assassination-bid-that-killed-his-daughter</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwekkuminoogumu mu mwaka gwa 1956 e Bweeza mu [[Kalangala (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] mu Bizinga by'e Ssese, mu Ttundutundu lya [[Buganda]], [[Uganda]] <ref>Candia, Steven (31 October 2005). "Police Will Miss Katumba Wamala". New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>.Okusoma yakutandikira ku Nakibizzi primary school (Ku lw'e Jinja).Nera yasomera ku St. James nga kati ssomero lya siniya mu Jinja) n'e Bukomero mwannyina gyeyali omusomesa.<ref name=":1" /> Okusoma kwa pulayimale oluvannyuma yakumalirako ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kampala]] mugandawe ne maama we gyebaali basengukidde.Ku mutendera gwa siniya, Katumba agamba teyatambula nnyo engeri gye yatebenkera ku [https://www.oldkampalass.sc.ug/ Old Kampala Secondary School] emyaka mukaaga.<ref name=":1" /> Ng'ali ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School, Katumba agamba nti yayiga essomo erimulinnyisizza amadaala ag'amaanyi." Nasaba omusomesa olukusa okugenda okwetewuluzaako. Omusomesa teyamanya nti nali njagala kufuna kifo kisirifu okusomeramu akatabo, nenkwatibwa omukulu w'essomero mwami Wakatamba . Namulimba nti nali nfunye olukusa okuva ew'omusomesa naye oluvannyuma olw'okwebuusa naakizuula nti nali nnimba, yantwala mu offiisi ye nangalamiza ku mmeeza empanvu nanswanyuula embooko ttaano olw'okukola ekintu ekituufu mu kiseera ekikyamu ne mu kifo ekikyamu" Katumba bwagamba<ref name=":0">https://www.independent.co.ug/gen-edward-katumba-wamala/</ref> Essomo ero lyansigalamu nti nebwenafuulibwa omuduumizi wa poliisi, nagenda okukyalira mwami Wakatamba-Omukulu w'essomero okumusiima naye namusiȠȠaana mu mbeera nga tasobola kuntegeera.<ref name=":0" /> Katumba Wamala alina satifikeeti mu by'obulimi.<ref>https://hicginewsagency.com/2015/06/22/uganda-chief-of-defense-forces-gen-katumba-wamala-with-hon-kivumbi-earnest-benjamin/</ref> Mu 2007, yatikkirwa okuva mu [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] ne Ddiguli esooka mu nkolagana y'amawanga n'enkola z'amawanga okuteeseganya. Alina ne Ddiguli eyokubiri mu bukulembeze obw'okulengera embeera eyomumaaso ([[Master of Science degree in strategic leadership]]) gye yafunira mu ttendekero li [[United States Army War College]] .<ref>"The Chief of Defence Forces, Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala". ''specialforcescommand.go.ug''. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2015.</ref><ref>Tebajjukira, Madinah (22 April 2007). "Uganda: General Katumba Gets First Class Degree". New Vision via AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>Alina amabaluwa g'ekinnamagye okuva mu matendekero gano wammanga; [[Uganda Military Academy]], [[Tanzania Military Academy.]] waliwo n'ebbaluwa gye yafuna okuva tendekero ly'amagye erya [[Soviet Union,]] endala yagifunira mu [[Nigerian Command and staff College,]] ne mu [[United States Army command and staff College]], ssaako ne gye yafunira mu [[United States Army War College]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151223092033/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/463676</ref>Mu 2023, [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] yamuwa ekitiibwa ky'obwa Dokita mu kusiima ettofaali lyatadde ku kitundu kye, Eggwanga, n'abantu.<ref>Samuel Muhimba (26 October 2023). "Gen Katumba Wamala awarded honorary doctorate". ''Nile Post Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Wamala yali offiisa mu ggye lya [[Uganda National Liberation Army.(UNLA)]] ,eggye lya [[National Resistance Army]](NRA) bwe lyawangula [[Uganda National Liberation Front|UNLA]] mu mwaka gwa 1986. Bw'atyo yakyusa nadda mu NRA awataali kimutaataganya.<ref>Kato, Joshua (5 September 2005). "Rebels Turned UPDF Commanders". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Wakati wa 1999 ne 2000, Katumba yali muyizi mu ttendekero ly'amaggye erya [[U.S Army War college]] mu [[Carlisle County, Kentucky|Carlisle]], mu Pennsyvania. Wakati wa 2000 ne 2001,ng'ali ku ddaala lya [[Major General]], yaduumira eggye ly'eggwanga mu ggwanga lya [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]]. Yalondebwa ng'omuduumizi wa police mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Mu Gwomunaana 2003,Katumba yakiika mu lukungaana lw'ekibiina ekigatta Bannayuganda abawangaalirra mu North America lu UNAA mu [[Boston]], Massachusets.<ref>"Uganda: N. American Ugandans Meet". New Vision (Kampala). 2 September 2003. Retrieved 18 February 2026.</ref> Olwo yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya [[luteenanti general]] era naaweebwa eky'okudduumira eggye ly'eggwanga eryokuttaka erisangibwa mu bbalakisi y'amaggye e Bombo nekimufuula omu ku b'offiisa b'amagye abasinga obukulu mu ggye lya Uganda.<ref>Candia, Steven (3 November 2005). "Major General Kale Kaihura Takes Over Police Force". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Mu mulimu gwe nga omuduumizi w'amagye gookuttaka, yenyigira nnyo mu nteekateeka z'eggye erikuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]] ezimanyiddwa ennyo nga [[AMISOM]].<ref>Ayiga Ondoga (14 February 2010). "Over 1,700 UPDF Soldiers for Somalia". Kampala: New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>. Nga 23 Ogwokutaano 2013,yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya genero era naalondebwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'Eggwanga.<ref>John Tugume (24 May 2013). "General Katumba Wamala To Head The Uganda Army". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> == Okugezaako okumutemula. == Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba Wamala bwe yali agenda mu kibuga, abasajja bana abaali babagalidde emigemerawala baasindirira mmotoka ye amasasi mu Kisaasi, ku nkingizi za Kampala.Wamala yafiuna ebiwundu ku bibegaabega byombi, naye yasimattuka naddusibwa mu ddwaliro .Ddereeva we Haruna Kayondo ne muwala we Nantongo battibwa mukifo awaali obulumbaganyi.Abooluganda lwa Brenda bonna beetaba mu lumbe lwa Brenda Wamala Nantongo.<ref>Sam Waswa (1 June 2021). "General Katumba Wamala Attacked by Gunmen; Daughter Reported Dead". ''ChimpReports''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills 2". ''Deutsche Welle''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Katumba Wamala: Uganda minister shot in assassination attempt". ''BBC News''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver". ''The Guardian''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref>.Oluvannuma lw'omwezi ogw'okunoonyereza nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 2021, ab'obuyinza baalaga nti abalumbaganyi baali basiraamu ba nalukalala abantendekembwa mu nkabi ya ba Jihaadi mu Kivu ey'Obukiika kkono e [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]] era balina akakwate ku ggye lya [[Allied Democratic Forces]] (ADF) ne [[Islamic State]].<ref>"Uganda links Islamist rebels to attempted murder of minister". ''Reuters''. 1 July 2021.</ref> [[President of Uganda|Pulezidenti wa Uganda]] [[Yoweri Museveni]] yavumirira obulumbaganyi, bweyannyonyola "ng'omulimu gw' embizi ezitawa bulamu muwendo" == Okuwummula okuva mu ggye Lya UPDF == Mu Gwomunaana 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 47 egy'omuddiriȠȠana egy'obuweereza bw'eggye ly'eggwanga Genereo Katumba wamala waakuwummula okuva mu ggye ly'eggwanaga (UPDF) eyo ng'omwaka gunaatera okuggwako. Agenda mu maaso okuweereza nga minisita mu kabbineeti ya Uganda.<ref>Dan Wandera (9 August 2026). "Gen Katumba honoured ahead of UPDF retirement". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>Rogers Atukunda (10 August 2026). "Katumba Wamala Marks 47 Years of Military Service Ppays Tribute To Museveni". ''SoftPower Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/video/a-look-at-gen-katumba-wamala-s-47-years-in-uniform-5565620</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1956]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] [[Category:Abaganda]] [[Category:Abaduumizi ba police ya Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Uganda Millitary Academy]] 5l6ga5culm1cl516oyeqbm5ubv1an6z 74179 74178 2026-09-09T12:37:39Z Ssebuufu 9882 Ngasseeko ettuluba 74179 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg|thumb|Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg]] '''Edward Katumba Wamala''' (yazaalibwa 19 ogwekkuminoogumu 1956) asinga kumanyibwa nga '''Katumba Wamala''' munnamaggye eyagannyuka era munnabyabufuzi Munnayuganda aweereza nga Minisita w'Abakozi ba gavumenti kabbineeti ya Uganda, okuva nga 26 Ogwokutaana 2026.<ref>"Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle". ''Daily Monitor''. 26 May 2026. Retrieved 16 July 2026.</ref><ref>"Museveni hails retiring UPDF generals for building peace and security". ''Monitor''. 21 August 2026. Retrieved 23 August 2026.</ref> Nga tannatuuka mu kifo kye kyalimu mu kiseera kino ,Katumba Wamala yaweereza nga minisita omubeezi ow'eby'emirimu mu kabbineeti ya [[Uganda]].<ref>Taddeo Bwambale (10 January 2017). "Muhoozi Replaces Katumba As Army Chief". ''New Vision''. Kampala. Retrieved 10 June 2017.</ref> Era yaweerezaako nga Chief of Staff ow'eggye lya Uganda li Uganda Peoples Defense Forces (UPDF) okuva 2013 okutuusa 2017 ng'era yeeyali omuduumizi w'eggye lya Uganda eryokuttaka okuva mu 2005 okutuusa 2013.<ref name=":1">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/lt-gen-katumba-wamala-from-an-aspiring-doctor-to-an-army-general-1525652</ref>Era yaweerezaako ng'omuduumizi wa poliisi ya Uganda (IGP) eddaala erisinga okuba era waggulu mu ttabi ero erya gavumenti ya Uganda, okuva mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Wamala yeeyali omujaasi w'eggye lya UPDF eyasooka okuweereza ng'omuduumizi poliisi ya Uganda, ng'akyaweereza mu maggye nga tasoose kulekulira. Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba yasimattuka okugezaako okumutemula, mu Kisaasi ekisangibwa mu nkingizi za [[Kampala]], abasajja ababagalidde emmundu bwebaamulumba nebamutuusaako ebisago, okutta muwalawe ne ddereeva, nebamulekera ebiwundu by'amasasi ku bibegaabega byombi.<ref>"Katumba Wamala shooting: Uganda minister's daughter killed". ''news.yahoo.com''. Retrieved 7 June 2021.</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/01/ugandan-minister-hurt-in-assassination-bid-that-killed-his-daughter</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwekkuminoogumu mu mwaka gwa 1956 e Bweeza mu [[Kalangala (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] mu Bizinga by'e Ssese, mu Ttundutundu lya [[Buganda]], [[Uganda]] <ref>Candia, Steven (31 October 2005). "Police Will Miss Katumba Wamala". New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>.Okusoma yakutandikira ku Nakibizzi primary school (Ku lw'e Jinja).Nera yasomera ku St. James nga kati ssomero lya siniya mu Jinja) n'e Bukomero mwannyina gyeyali omusomesa.<ref name=":1" /> Okusoma kwa pulayimale oluvannyuma yakumalirako ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kampala]] mugandawe ne maama we gyebaali basengukidde.Ku mutendera gwa siniya, Katumba agamba teyatambula nnyo engeri gye yatebenkera ku [https://www.oldkampalass.sc.ug/ Old Kampala Secondary School] emyaka mukaaga.<ref name=":1" /> Ng'ali ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School, Katumba agamba nti yayiga essomo erimulinnyisizza amadaala ag'amaanyi." Nasaba omusomesa olukusa okugenda okwetewuluzaako. Omusomesa teyamanya nti nali njagala kufuna kifo kisirifu okusomeramu akatabo, nenkwatibwa omukulu w'essomero mwami Wakatamba . Namulimba nti nali nfunye olukusa okuva ew'omusomesa naye oluvannyuma olw'okwebuusa naakizuula nti nali nnimba, yantwala mu offiisi ye nangalamiza ku mmeeza empanvu nanswanyuula embooko ttaano olw'okukola ekintu ekituufu mu kiseera ekikyamu ne mu kifo ekikyamu" Katumba bwagamba<ref name=":0">https://www.independent.co.ug/gen-edward-katumba-wamala/</ref> Essomo ero lyansigalamu nti nebwenafuulibwa omuduumizi wa poliisi, nagenda okukyalira mwami Wakatamba-Omukulu w'essomero okumusiima naye namusiȠȠaana mu mbeera nga tasobola kuntegeera.<ref name=":0" /> Katumba Wamala alina satifikeeti mu by'obulimi.<ref>https://hicginewsagency.com/2015/06/22/uganda-chief-of-defense-forces-gen-katumba-wamala-with-hon-kivumbi-earnest-benjamin/</ref> Mu 2007, yatikkirwa okuva mu [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] ne Ddiguli esooka mu nkolagana y'amawanga n'enkola z'amawanga okuteeseganya. Alina ne Ddiguli eyokubiri mu bukulembeze obw'okulengera embeera eyomumaaso ([[Master of Science degree in strategic leadership]]) gye yafunira mu ttendekero li [[United States Army War College]] .<ref>"The Chief of Defence Forces, Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala". ''specialforcescommand.go.ug''. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2015.</ref><ref>Tebajjukira, Madinah (22 April 2007). "Uganda: General Katumba Gets First Class Degree". New Vision via AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>Alina amabaluwa g'ekinnamagye okuva mu matendekero gano wammanga; [[Uganda Military Academy]], [[Tanzania Military Academy.]] waliwo n'ebbaluwa gye yafuna okuva tendekero ly'amagye erya [[Soviet Union,]] endala yagifunira mu [[Nigerian Command and staff College,]] ne mu [[United States Army command and staff College]], ssaako ne gye yafunira mu [[United States Army War College]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151223092033/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/463676</ref>Mu 2023, [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] yamuwa ekitiibwa ky'obwa Dokita mu kusiima ettofaali lyatadde ku kitundu kye, Eggwanga, n'abantu.<ref>Samuel Muhimba (26 October 2023). "Gen Katumba Wamala awarded honorary doctorate". ''Nile Post Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Wamala yali offiisa mu ggye lya [[Uganda National Liberation Army.(UNLA)]] ,eggye lya [[National Resistance Army]](NRA) bwe lyawangula [[Uganda National Liberation Front|UNLA]] mu mwaka gwa 1986. Bw'atyo yakyusa nadda mu NRA awataali kimutaataganya.<ref>Kato, Joshua (5 September 2005). "Rebels Turned UPDF Commanders". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Wakati wa 1999 ne 2000, Katumba yali muyizi mu ttendekero ly'amaggye erya [[U.S Army War college]] mu [[Carlisle County, Kentucky|Carlisle]], mu Pennsyvania. Wakati wa 2000 ne 2001,ng'ali ku ddaala lya [[Major General]], yaduumira eggye ly'eggwanga mu ggwanga lya [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]]. Yalondebwa ng'omuduumizi wa police mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Mu Gwomunaana 2003,Katumba yakiika mu lukungaana lw'ekibiina ekigatta Bannayuganda abawangaalirra mu North America lu UNAA mu [[Boston]], Massachusets.<ref>"Uganda: N. American Ugandans Meet". New Vision (Kampala). 2 September 2003. Retrieved 18 February 2026.</ref> Olwo yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya [[luteenanti general]] era naaweebwa eky'okudduumira eggye ly'eggwanga eryokuttaka erisangibwa mu bbalakisi y'amaggye e Bombo nekimufuula omu ku b'offiisa b'amagye abasinga obukulu mu ggye lya Uganda.<ref>Candia, Steven (3 November 2005). "Major General Kale Kaihura Takes Over Police Force". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Mu mulimu gwe nga omuduumizi w'amagye gookuttaka, yenyigira nnyo mu nteekateeka z'eggye erikuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]] ezimanyiddwa ennyo nga [[AMISOM]].<ref>Ayiga Ondoga (14 February 2010). "Over 1,700 UPDF Soldiers for Somalia". Kampala: New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>. Nga 23 Ogwokutaano 2013,yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya genero era naalondebwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'Eggwanga.<ref>John Tugume (24 May 2013). "General Katumba Wamala To Head The Uganda Army". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> == Okugezaako okumutemula. == Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba Wamala bwe yali agenda mu kibuga, abasajja bana abaali babagalidde emigemerawala baasindirira mmotoka ye amasasi mu Kisaasi, ku nkingizi za Kampala.Wamala yafiuna ebiwundu ku bibegaabega byombi, naye yasimattuka naddusibwa mu ddwaliro .Ddereeva we Haruna Kayondo ne muwala we Nantongo battibwa mukifo awaali obulumbaganyi.Abooluganda lwa Brenda bonna beetaba mu lumbe lwa Brenda Wamala Nantongo.<ref>Sam Waswa (1 June 2021). "General Katumba Wamala Attacked by Gunmen; Daughter Reported Dead". ''ChimpReports''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills 2". ''Deutsche Welle''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Katumba Wamala: Uganda minister shot in assassination attempt". ''BBC News''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver". ''The Guardian''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref>.Oluvannuma lw'omwezi ogw'okunoonyereza nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 2021, ab'obuyinza baalaga nti abalumbaganyi baali basiraamu ba nalukalala abantendekembwa mu nkabi ya ba Jihaadi mu Kivu ey'Obukiika kkono e [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]] era balina akakwate ku ggye lya [[Allied Democratic Forces]] (ADF) ne [[Islamic State]].<ref>"Uganda links Islamist rebels to attempted murder of minister". ''Reuters''. 1 July 2021.</ref> [[President of Uganda|Pulezidenti wa Uganda]] [[Yoweri Museveni]] yavumirira obulumbaganyi, bweyannyonyola "ng'omulimu gw' embizi ezitawa bulamu muwendo" == Okuwummula okuva mu ggye Lya UPDF == Mu Gwomunaana 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 47 egy'omuddiriȠȠana egy'obuweereza bw'eggye ly'eggwanga Genereo Katumba wamala waakuwummula okuva mu ggye ly'eggwanaga (UPDF) eyo ng'omwaka gunaatera okuggwako. Agenda mu maaso okuweereza nga minisita mu kabbineeti ya Uganda.<ref>Dan Wandera (9 August 2026). "Gen Katumba honoured ahead of UPDF retirement". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>Rogers Atukunda (10 August 2026). "Katumba Wamala Marks 47 Years of Military Service Ppays Tribute To Museveni". ''SoftPower Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/video/a-look-at-gen-katumba-wamala-s-47-years-in-uniform-5565620</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1956]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] [[Category:Abaganda]] [[Category:Abaduumizi ba police ya Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Uganda Millitary Academy]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Unites States Army and General Staff College]] 1fcftoz0htx9fvyk7b7oyn6dxr5e5mf 74180 74179 2026-09-09T12:37:57Z Ssebuufu 9882 removed [[Category:Abaasomera ku Unites States Army and General Staff College]]; added [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army and General Staff College]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 74180 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg|thumb|Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg]] '''Edward Katumba Wamala''' (yazaalibwa 19 ogwekkuminoogumu 1956) asinga kumanyibwa nga '''Katumba Wamala''' munnamaggye eyagannyuka era munnabyabufuzi Munnayuganda aweereza nga Minisita w'Abakozi ba gavumenti kabbineeti ya Uganda, okuva nga 26 Ogwokutaana 2026.<ref>"Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle". ''Daily Monitor''. 26 May 2026. Retrieved 16 July 2026.</ref><ref>"Museveni hails retiring UPDF generals for building peace and security". ''Monitor''. 21 August 2026. Retrieved 23 August 2026.</ref> Nga tannatuuka mu kifo kye kyalimu mu kiseera kino ,Katumba Wamala yaweereza nga minisita omubeezi ow'eby'emirimu mu kabbineeti ya [[Uganda]].<ref>Taddeo Bwambale (10 January 2017). "Muhoozi Replaces Katumba As Army Chief". ''New Vision''. Kampala. Retrieved 10 June 2017.</ref> Era yaweerezaako nga Chief of Staff ow'eggye lya Uganda li Uganda Peoples Defense Forces (UPDF) okuva 2013 okutuusa 2017 ng'era yeeyali omuduumizi w'eggye lya Uganda eryokuttaka okuva mu 2005 okutuusa 2013.<ref name=":1">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/lt-gen-katumba-wamala-from-an-aspiring-doctor-to-an-army-general-1525652</ref>Era yaweerezaako ng'omuduumizi wa poliisi ya Uganda (IGP) eddaala erisinga okuba era waggulu mu ttabi ero erya gavumenti ya Uganda, okuva mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Wamala yeeyali omujaasi w'eggye lya UPDF eyasooka okuweereza ng'omuduumizi poliisi ya Uganda, ng'akyaweereza mu maggye nga tasoose kulekulira. Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba yasimattuka okugezaako okumutemula, mu Kisaasi ekisangibwa mu nkingizi za [[Kampala]], abasajja ababagalidde emmundu bwebaamulumba nebamutuusaako ebisago, okutta muwalawe ne ddereeva, nebamulekera ebiwundu by'amasasi ku bibegaabega byombi.<ref>"Katumba Wamala shooting: Uganda minister's daughter killed". ''news.yahoo.com''. Retrieved 7 June 2021.</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/01/ugandan-minister-hurt-in-assassination-bid-that-killed-his-daughter</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwekkuminoogumu mu mwaka gwa 1956 e Bweeza mu [[Kalangala (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] mu Bizinga by'e Ssese, mu Ttundutundu lya [[Buganda]], [[Uganda]] <ref>Candia, Steven (31 October 2005). "Police Will Miss Katumba Wamala". New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>.Okusoma yakutandikira ku Nakibizzi primary school (Ku lw'e Jinja).Nera yasomera ku St. James nga kati ssomero lya siniya mu Jinja) n'e Bukomero mwannyina gyeyali omusomesa.<ref name=":1" /> Okusoma kwa pulayimale oluvannyuma yakumalirako ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kampala]] mugandawe ne maama we gyebaali basengukidde.Ku mutendera gwa siniya, Katumba agamba teyatambula nnyo engeri gye yatebenkera ku [https://www.oldkampalass.sc.ug/ Old Kampala Secondary School] emyaka mukaaga.<ref name=":1" /> Ng'ali ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School, Katumba agamba nti yayiga essomo erimulinnyisizza amadaala ag'amaanyi." Nasaba omusomesa olukusa okugenda okwetewuluzaako. Omusomesa teyamanya nti nali njagala kufuna kifo kisirifu okusomeramu akatabo, nenkwatibwa omukulu w'essomero mwami Wakatamba . Namulimba nti nali nfunye olukusa okuva ew'omusomesa naye oluvannyuma olw'okwebuusa naakizuula nti nali nnimba, yantwala mu offiisi ye nangalamiza ku mmeeza empanvu nanswanyuula embooko ttaano olw'okukola ekintu ekituufu mu kiseera ekikyamu ne mu kifo ekikyamu" Katumba bwagamba<ref name=":0">https://www.independent.co.ug/gen-edward-katumba-wamala/</ref> Essomo ero lyansigalamu nti nebwenafuulibwa omuduumizi wa poliisi, nagenda okukyalira mwami Wakatamba-Omukulu w'essomero okumusiima naye namusiȠȠaana mu mbeera nga tasobola kuntegeera.<ref name=":0" /> Katumba Wamala alina satifikeeti mu by'obulimi.<ref>https://hicginewsagency.com/2015/06/22/uganda-chief-of-defense-forces-gen-katumba-wamala-with-hon-kivumbi-earnest-benjamin/</ref> Mu 2007, yatikkirwa okuva mu [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] ne Ddiguli esooka mu nkolagana y'amawanga n'enkola z'amawanga okuteeseganya. Alina ne Ddiguli eyokubiri mu bukulembeze obw'okulengera embeera eyomumaaso ([[Master of Science degree in strategic leadership]]) gye yafunira mu ttendekero li [[United States Army War College]] .<ref>"The Chief of Defence Forces, Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala". ''specialforcescommand.go.ug''. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2015.</ref><ref>Tebajjukira, Madinah (22 April 2007). "Uganda: General Katumba Gets First Class Degree". New Vision via AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>Alina amabaluwa g'ekinnamagye okuva mu matendekero gano wammanga; [[Uganda Military Academy]], [[Tanzania Military Academy.]] waliwo n'ebbaluwa gye yafuna okuva tendekero ly'amagye erya [[Soviet Union,]] endala yagifunira mu [[Nigerian Command and staff College,]] ne mu [[United States Army command and staff College]], ssaako ne gye yafunira mu [[United States Army War College]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151223092033/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/463676</ref>Mu 2023, [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] yamuwa ekitiibwa ky'obwa Dokita mu kusiima ettofaali lyatadde ku kitundu kye, Eggwanga, n'abantu.<ref>Samuel Muhimba (26 October 2023). "Gen Katumba Wamala awarded honorary doctorate". ''Nile Post Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Wamala yali offiisa mu ggye lya [[Uganda National Liberation Army.(UNLA)]] ,eggye lya [[National Resistance Army]](NRA) bwe lyawangula [[Uganda National Liberation Front|UNLA]] mu mwaka gwa 1986. Bw'atyo yakyusa nadda mu NRA awataali kimutaataganya.<ref>Kato, Joshua (5 September 2005). "Rebels Turned UPDF Commanders". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Wakati wa 1999 ne 2000, Katumba yali muyizi mu ttendekero ly'amaggye erya [[U.S Army War college]] mu [[Carlisle County, Kentucky|Carlisle]], mu Pennsyvania. Wakati wa 2000 ne 2001,ng'ali ku ddaala lya [[Major General]], yaduumira eggye ly'eggwanga mu ggwanga lya [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]]. Yalondebwa ng'omuduumizi wa police mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Mu Gwomunaana 2003,Katumba yakiika mu lukungaana lw'ekibiina ekigatta Bannayuganda abawangaalirra mu North America lu UNAA mu [[Boston]], Massachusets.<ref>"Uganda: N. American Ugandans Meet". New Vision (Kampala). 2 September 2003. Retrieved 18 February 2026.</ref> Olwo yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya [[luteenanti general]] era naaweebwa eky'okudduumira eggye ly'eggwanga eryokuttaka erisangibwa mu bbalakisi y'amaggye e Bombo nekimufuula omu ku b'offiisa b'amagye abasinga obukulu mu ggye lya Uganda.<ref>Candia, Steven (3 November 2005). "Major General Kale Kaihura Takes Over Police Force". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Mu mulimu gwe nga omuduumizi w'amagye gookuttaka, yenyigira nnyo mu nteekateeka z'eggye erikuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]] ezimanyiddwa ennyo nga [[AMISOM]].<ref>Ayiga Ondoga (14 February 2010). "Over 1,700 UPDF Soldiers for Somalia". Kampala: New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>. Nga 23 Ogwokutaano 2013,yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya genero era naalondebwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'Eggwanga.<ref>John Tugume (24 May 2013). "General Katumba Wamala To Head The Uganda Army". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> == Okugezaako okumutemula. == Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba Wamala bwe yali agenda mu kibuga, abasajja bana abaali babagalidde emigemerawala baasindirira mmotoka ye amasasi mu Kisaasi, ku nkingizi za Kampala.Wamala yafiuna ebiwundu ku bibegaabega byombi, naye yasimattuka naddusibwa mu ddwaliro .Ddereeva we Haruna Kayondo ne muwala we Nantongo battibwa mukifo awaali obulumbaganyi.Abooluganda lwa Brenda bonna beetaba mu lumbe lwa Brenda Wamala Nantongo.<ref>Sam Waswa (1 June 2021). "General Katumba Wamala Attacked by Gunmen; Daughter Reported Dead". ''ChimpReports''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills 2". ''Deutsche Welle''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Katumba Wamala: Uganda minister shot in assassination attempt". ''BBC News''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver". ''The Guardian''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref>.Oluvannuma lw'omwezi ogw'okunoonyereza nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 2021, ab'obuyinza baalaga nti abalumbaganyi baali basiraamu ba nalukalala abantendekembwa mu nkabi ya ba Jihaadi mu Kivu ey'Obukiika kkono e [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]] era balina akakwate ku ggye lya [[Allied Democratic Forces]] (ADF) ne [[Islamic State]].<ref>"Uganda links Islamist rebels to attempted murder of minister". ''Reuters''. 1 July 2021.</ref> [[President of Uganda|Pulezidenti wa Uganda]] [[Yoweri Museveni]] yavumirira obulumbaganyi, bweyannyonyola "ng'omulimu gw' embizi ezitawa bulamu muwendo" == Okuwummula okuva mu ggye Lya UPDF == Mu Gwomunaana 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 47 egy'omuddiriȠȠana egy'obuweereza bw'eggye ly'eggwanga Genereo Katumba wamala waakuwummula okuva mu ggye ly'eggwanaga (UPDF) eyo ng'omwaka gunaatera okuggwako. Agenda mu maaso okuweereza nga minisita mu kabbineeti ya Uganda.<ref>Dan Wandera (9 August 2026). "Gen Katumba honoured ahead of UPDF retirement". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>Rogers Atukunda (10 August 2026). "Katumba Wamala Marks 47 Years of Military Service Ppays Tribute To Museveni". ''SoftPower Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/video/a-look-at-gen-katumba-wamala-s-47-years-in-uniform-5565620</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1956]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] [[Category:Abaganda]] [[Category:Abaduumizi ba police ya Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Uganda Millitary Academy]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army and General Staff College]] alq3h8eq6aklyh0vyvtuzu7bokewiue 74181 74180 2026-09-09T12:46:10Z Ssebuufu 9882 Ngasseeko ettuluba 74181 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg|thumb|Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg]] '''Edward Katumba Wamala''' (yazaalibwa 19 ogwekkuminoogumu 1956) asinga kumanyibwa nga '''Katumba Wamala''' munnamaggye eyagannyuka era munnabyabufuzi Munnayuganda aweereza nga Minisita w'Abakozi ba gavumenti kabbineeti ya Uganda, okuva nga 26 Ogwokutaana 2026.<ref>"Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle". ''Daily Monitor''. 26 May 2026. Retrieved 16 July 2026.</ref><ref>"Museveni hails retiring UPDF generals for building peace and security". ''Monitor''. 21 August 2026. Retrieved 23 August 2026.</ref> Nga tannatuuka mu kifo kye kyalimu mu kiseera kino ,Katumba Wamala yaweereza nga minisita omubeezi ow'eby'emirimu mu kabbineeti ya [[Uganda]].<ref>Taddeo Bwambale (10 January 2017). "Muhoozi Replaces Katumba As Army Chief". ''New Vision''. Kampala. Retrieved 10 June 2017.</ref> Era yaweerezaako nga Chief of Staff ow'eggye lya Uganda li Uganda Peoples Defense Forces (UPDF) okuva 2013 okutuusa 2017 ng'era yeeyali omuduumizi w'eggye lya Uganda eryokuttaka okuva mu 2005 okutuusa 2013.<ref name=":1">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/lt-gen-katumba-wamala-from-an-aspiring-doctor-to-an-army-general-1525652</ref>Era yaweerezaako ng'omuduumizi wa poliisi ya Uganda (IGP) eddaala erisinga okuba era waggulu mu ttabi ero erya gavumenti ya Uganda, okuva mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Wamala yeeyali omujaasi w'eggye lya UPDF eyasooka okuweereza ng'omuduumizi poliisi ya Uganda, ng'akyaweereza mu maggye nga tasoose kulekulira. Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba yasimattuka okugezaako okumutemula, mu Kisaasi ekisangibwa mu nkingizi za [[Kampala]], abasajja ababagalidde emmundu bwebaamulumba nebamutuusaako ebisago, okutta muwalawe ne ddereeva, nebamulekera ebiwundu by'amasasi ku bibegaabega byombi.<ref>"Katumba Wamala shooting: Uganda minister's daughter killed". ''news.yahoo.com''. Retrieved 7 June 2021.</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/01/ugandan-minister-hurt-in-assassination-bid-that-killed-his-daughter</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwekkuminoogumu mu mwaka gwa 1956 e Bweeza mu [[Kalangala (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] mu Bizinga by'e Ssese, mu Ttundutundu lya [[Buganda]], [[Uganda]] <ref>Candia, Steven (31 October 2005). "Police Will Miss Katumba Wamala". New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>.Okusoma yakutandikira ku Nakibizzi primary school (Ku lw'e Jinja).Nera yasomera ku St. James nga kati ssomero lya siniya mu Jinja) n'e Bukomero mwannyina gyeyali omusomesa.<ref name=":1" /> Okusoma kwa pulayimale oluvannyuma yakumalirako ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kampala]] mugandawe ne maama we gyebaali basengukidde.Ku mutendera gwa siniya, Katumba agamba teyatambula nnyo engeri gye yatebenkera ku [https://www.oldkampalass.sc.ug/ Old Kampala Secondary School] emyaka mukaaga.<ref name=":1" /> Ng'ali ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School, Katumba agamba nti yayiga essomo erimulinnyisizza amadaala ag'amaanyi." Nasaba omusomesa olukusa okugenda okwetewuluzaako. Omusomesa teyamanya nti nali njagala kufuna kifo kisirifu okusomeramu akatabo, nenkwatibwa omukulu w'essomero mwami Wakatamba . Namulimba nti nali nfunye olukusa okuva ew'omusomesa naye oluvannyuma olw'okwebuusa naakizuula nti nali nnimba, yantwala mu offiisi ye nangalamiza ku mmeeza empanvu nanswanyuula embooko ttaano olw'okukola ekintu ekituufu mu kiseera ekikyamu ne mu kifo ekikyamu" Katumba bwagamba<ref name=":0">https://www.independent.co.ug/gen-edward-katumba-wamala/</ref> Essomo ero lyansigalamu nti nebwenafuulibwa omuduumizi wa poliisi, nagenda okukyalira mwami Wakatamba-Omukulu w'essomero okumusiima naye namusiȠȠaana mu mbeera nga tasobola kuntegeera.<ref name=":0" /> Katumba Wamala alina satifikeeti mu by'obulimi.<ref>https://hicginewsagency.com/2015/06/22/uganda-chief-of-defense-forces-gen-katumba-wamala-with-hon-kivumbi-earnest-benjamin/</ref> Mu 2007, yatikkirwa okuva mu [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] ne Ddiguli esooka mu nkolagana y'amawanga n'enkola z'amawanga okuteeseganya. Alina ne Ddiguli eyokubiri mu bukulembeze obw'okulengera embeera eyomumaaso ([[Master of Science degree in strategic leadership]]) gye yafunira mu ttendekero li [[United States Army War College]] .<ref>"The Chief of Defence Forces, Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala". ''specialforcescommand.go.ug''. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2015.</ref><ref>Tebajjukira, Madinah (22 April 2007). "Uganda: General Katumba Gets First Class Degree". New Vision via AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>Alina amabaluwa g'ekinnamagye okuva mu matendekero gano wammanga; [[Uganda Military Academy]], [[Tanzania Military Academy.]] waliwo n'ebbaluwa gye yafuna okuva tendekero ly'amagye erya [[Soviet Union,]] endala yagifunira mu [[Nigerian Command and staff College,]] ne mu [[United States Army command and staff College]], ssaako ne gye yafunira mu [[United States Army War College]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151223092033/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/463676</ref>Mu 2023, [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] yamuwa ekitiibwa ky'obwa Dokita mu kusiima ettofaali lyatadde ku kitundu kye, Eggwanga, n'abantu.<ref>Samuel Muhimba (26 October 2023). "Gen Katumba Wamala awarded honorary doctorate". ''Nile Post Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Wamala yali offiisa mu ggye lya [[Uganda National Liberation Army.(UNLA)]] ,eggye lya [[National Resistance Army]](NRA) bwe lyawangula [[Uganda National Liberation Front|UNLA]] mu mwaka gwa 1986. Bw'atyo yakyusa nadda mu NRA awataali kimutaataganya.<ref>Kato, Joshua (5 September 2005). "Rebels Turned UPDF Commanders". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Wakati wa 1999 ne 2000, Katumba yali muyizi mu ttendekero ly'amaggye erya [[U.S Army War college]] mu [[Carlisle County, Kentucky|Carlisle]], mu Pennsyvania. Wakati wa 2000 ne 2001,ng'ali ku ddaala lya [[Major General]], yaduumira eggye ly'eggwanga mu ggwanga lya [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]]. Yalondebwa ng'omuduumizi wa police mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Mu Gwomunaana 2003,Katumba yakiika mu lukungaana lw'ekibiina ekigatta Bannayuganda abawangaalirra mu North America lu UNAA mu [[Boston]], Massachusets.<ref>"Uganda: N. American Ugandans Meet". New Vision (Kampala). 2 September 2003. Retrieved 18 February 2026.</ref> Olwo yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya [[luteenanti general]] era naaweebwa eky'okudduumira eggye ly'eggwanga eryokuttaka erisangibwa mu bbalakisi y'amaggye e Bombo nekimufuula omu ku b'offiisa b'amagye abasinga obukulu mu ggye lya Uganda.<ref>Candia, Steven (3 November 2005). "Major General Kale Kaihura Takes Over Police Force". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Mu mulimu gwe nga omuduumizi w'amagye gookuttaka, yenyigira nnyo mu nteekateeka z'eggye erikuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]] ezimanyiddwa ennyo nga [[AMISOM]].<ref>Ayiga Ondoga (14 February 2010). "Over 1,700 UPDF Soldiers for Somalia". Kampala: New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>. Nga 23 Ogwokutaano 2013,yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya genero era naalondebwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'Eggwanga.<ref>John Tugume (24 May 2013). "General Katumba Wamala To Head The Uganda Army". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> == Okugezaako okumutemula. == Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba Wamala bwe yali agenda mu kibuga, abasajja bana abaali babagalidde emigemerawala baasindirira mmotoka ye amasasi mu Kisaasi, ku nkingizi za Kampala.Wamala yafiuna ebiwundu ku bibegaabega byombi, naye yasimattuka naddusibwa mu ddwaliro .Ddereeva we Haruna Kayondo ne muwala we Nantongo battibwa mukifo awaali obulumbaganyi.Abooluganda lwa Brenda bonna beetaba mu lumbe lwa Brenda Wamala Nantongo.<ref>Sam Waswa (1 June 2021). "General Katumba Wamala Attacked by Gunmen; Daughter Reported Dead". ''ChimpReports''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills 2". ''Deutsche Welle''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Katumba Wamala: Uganda minister shot in assassination attempt". ''BBC News''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver". ''The Guardian''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref>.Oluvannuma lw'omwezi ogw'okunoonyereza nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 2021, ab'obuyinza baalaga nti abalumbaganyi baali basiraamu ba nalukalala abantendekembwa mu nkabi ya ba Jihaadi mu Kivu ey'Obukiika kkono e [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]] era balina akakwate ku ggye lya [[Allied Democratic Forces]] (ADF) ne [[Islamic State]].<ref>"Uganda links Islamist rebels to attempted murder of minister". ''Reuters''. 1 July 2021.</ref> [[President of Uganda|Pulezidenti wa Uganda]] [[Yoweri Museveni]] yavumirira obulumbaganyi, bweyannyonyola "ng'omulimu gw' embizi ezitawa bulamu muwendo" == Okuwummula okuva mu ggye Lya UPDF == Mu Gwomunaana 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 47 egy'omuddiriȠȠana egy'obuweereza bw'eggye ly'eggwanga Genereo Katumba wamala waakuwummula okuva mu ggye ly'eggwanaga (UPDF) eyo ng'omwaka gunaatera okuggwako. Agenda mu maaso okuweereza nga minisita mu kabbineeti ya Uganda.<ref>Dan Wandera (9 August 2026). "Gen Katumba honoured ahead of UPDF retirement". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>Rogers Atukunda (10 August 2026). "Katumba Wamala Marks 47 Years of Military Service Ppays Tribute To Museveni". ''SoftPower Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/video/a-look-at-gen-katumba-wamala-s-47-years-in-uniform-5565620</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1956]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] [[Category:Abaganda]] [[Category:Abaduumizi ba police ya Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Uganda Millitary Academy]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army and General Staff College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku the Command and General staff College abatali Bamerica]] de1dp3wcru9arm7i58fut0axfz789vo 74182 74181 2026-09-09T12:48:05Z Ssebuufu 9882 Ngasseeko ettuluba 74182 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg|thumb|Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg]] '''Edward Katumba Wamala''' (yazaalibwa 19 ogwekkuminoogumu 1956) asinga kumanyibwa nga '''Katumba Wamala''' munnamaggye eyagannyuka era munnabyabufuzi Munnayuganda aweereza nga Minisita w'Abakozi ba gavumenti kabbineeti ya Uganda, okuva nga 26 Ogwokutaana 2026.<ref>"Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle". ''Daily Monitor''. 26 May 2026. Retrieved 16 July 2026.</ref><ref>"Museveni hails retiring UPDF generals for building peace and security". ''Monitor''. 21 August 2026. Retrieved 23 August 2026.</ref> Nga tannatuuka mu kifo kye kyalimu mu kiseera kino ,Katumba Wamala yaweereza nga minisita omubeezi ow'eby'emirimu mu kabbineeti ya [[Uganda]].<ref>Taddeo Bwambale (10 January 2017). "Muhoozi Replaces Katumba As Army Chief". ''New Vision''. Kampala. Retrieved 10 June 2017.</ref> Era yaweerezaako nga Chief of Staff ow'eggye lya Uganda li Uganda Peoples Defense Forces (UPDF) okuva 2013 okutuusa 2017 ng'era yeeyali omuduumizi w'eggye lya Uganda eryokuttaka okuva mu 2005 okutuusa 2013.<ref name=":1">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/lt-gen-katumba-wamala-from-an-aspiring-doctor-to-an-army-general-1525652</ref>Era yaweerezaako ng'omuduumizi wa poliisi ya Uganda (IGP) eddaala erisinga okuba era waggulu mu ttabi ero erya gavumenti ya Uganda, okuva mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Wamala yeeyali omujaasi w'eggye lya UPDF eyasooka okuweereza ng'omuduumizi poliisi ya Uganda, ng'akyaweereza mu maggye nga tasoose kulekulira. Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba yasimattuka okugezaako okumutemula, mu Kisaasi ekisangibwa mu nkingizi za [[Kampala]], abasajja ababagalidde emmundu bwebaamulumba nebamutuusaako ebisago, okutta muwalawe ne ddereeva, nebamulekera ebiwundu by'amasasi ku bibegaabega byombi.<ref>"Katumba Wamala shooting: Uganda minister's daughter killed". ''news.yahoo.com''. Retrieved 7 June 2021.</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/01/ugandan-minister-hurt-in-assassination-bid-that-killed-his-daughter</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwekkuminoogumu mu mwaka gwa 1956 e Bweeza mu [[Kalangala (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] mu Bizinga by'e Ssese, mu Ttundutundu lya [[Buganda]], [[Uganda]] <ref>Candia, Steven (31 October 2005). "Police Will Miss Katumba Wamala". New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>.Okusoma yakutandikira ku Nakibizzi primary school (Ku lw'e Jinja).Nera yasomera ku St. James nga kati ssomero lya siniya mu Jinja) n'e Bukomero mwannyina gyeyali omusomesa.<ref name=":1" /> Okusoma kwa pulayimale oluvannyuma yakumalirako ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kampala]] mugandawe ne maama we gyebaali basengukidde.Ku mutendera gwa siniya, Katumba agamba teyatambula nnyo engeri gye yatebenkera ku [https://www.oldkampalass.sc.ug/ Old Kampala Secondary School] emyaka mukaaga.<ref name=":1" /> Ng'ali ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School, Katumba agamba nti yayiga essomo erimulinnyisizza amadaala ag'amaanyi." Nasaba omusomesa olukusa okugenda okwetewuluzaako. Omusomesa teyamanya nti nali njagala kufuna kifo kisirifu okusomeramu akatabo, nenkwatibwa omukulu w'essomero mwami Wakatamba . Namulimba nti nali nfunye olukusa okuva ew'omusomesa naye oluvannyuma olw'okwebuusa naakizuula nti nali nnimba, yantwala mu offiisi ye nangalamiza ku mmeeza empanvu nanswanyuula embooko ttaano olw'okukola ekintu ekituufu mu kiseera ekikyamu ne mu kifo ekikyamu" Katumba bwagamba<ref name=":0">https://www.independent.co.ug/gen-edward-katumba-wamala/</ref> Essomo ero lyansigalamu nti nebwenafuulibwa omuduumizi wa poliisi, nagenda okukyalira mwami Wakatamba-Omukulu w'essomero okumusiima naye namusiȠȠaana mu mbeera nga tasobola kuntegeera.<ref name=":0" /> Katumba Wamala alina satifikeeti mu by'obulimi.<ref>https://hicginewsagency.com/2015/06/22/uganda-chief-of-defense-forces-gen-katumba-wamala-with-hon-kivumbi-earnest-benjamin/</ref> Mu 2007, yatikkirwa okuva mu [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] ne Ddiguli esooka mu nkolagana y'amawanga n'enkola z'amawanga okuteeseganya. Alina ne Ddiguli eyokubiri mu bukulembeze obw'okulengera embeera eyomumaaso ([[Master of Science degree in strategic leadership]]) gye yafunira mu ttendekero li [[United States Army War College]] .<ref>"The Chief of Defence Forces, Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala". ''specialforcescommand.go.ug''. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2015.</ref><ref>Tebajjukira, Madinah (22 April 2007). "Uganda: General Katumba Gets First Class Degree". New Vision via AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>Alina amabaluwa g'ekinnamagye okuva mu matendekero gano wammanga; [[Uganda Military Academy]], [[Tanzania Military Academy.]] waliwo n'ebbaluwa gye yafuna okuva tendekero ly'amagye erya [[Soviet Union,]] endala yagifunira mu [[Nigerian Command and staff College,]] ne mu [[United States Army command and staff College]], ssaako ne gye yafunira mu [[United States Army War College]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151223092033/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/463676</ref>Mu 2023, [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] yamuwa ekitiibwa ky'obwa Dokita mu kusiima ettofaali lyatadde ku kitundu kye, Eggwanga, n'abantu.<ref>Samuel Muhimba (26 October 2023). "Gen Katumba Wamala awarded honorary doctorate". ''Nile Post Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Wamala yali offiisa mu ggye lya [[Uganda National Liberation Army.(UNLA)]] ,eggye lya [[National Resistance Army]](NRA) bwe lyawangula [[Uganda National Liberation Front|UNLA]] mu mwaka gwa 1986. Bw'atyo yakyusa nadda mu NRA awataali kimutaataganya.<ref>Kato, Joshua (5 September 2005). "Rebels Turned UPDF Commanders". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Wakati wa 1999 ne 2000, Katumba yali muyizi mu ttendekero ly'amaggye erya [[U.S Army War college]] mu [[Carlisle County, Kentucky|Carlisle]], mu Pennsyvania. Wakati wa 2000 ne 2001,ng'ali ku ddaala lya [[Major General]], yaduumira eggye ly'eggwanga mu ggwanga lya [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]]. Yalondebwa ng'omuduumizi wa police mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Mu Gwomunaana 2003,Katumba yakiika mu lukungaana lw'ekibiina ekigatta Bannayuganda abawangaalirra mu North America lu UNAA mu [[Boston]], Massachusets.<ref>"Uganda: N. American Ugandans Meet". New Vision (Kampala). 2 September 2003. Retrieved 18 February 2026.</ref> Olwo yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya [[luteenanti general]] era naaweebwa eky'okudduumira eggye ly'eggwanga eryokuttaka erisangibwa mu bbalakisi y'amaggye e Bombo nekimufuula omu ku b'offiisa b'amagye abasinga obukulu mu ggye lya Uganda.<ref>Candia, Steven (3 November 2005). "Major General Kale Kaihura Takes Over Police Force". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Mu mulimu gwe nga omuduumizi w'amagye gookuttaka, yenyigira nnyo mu nteekateeka z'eggye erikuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]] ezimanyiddwa ennyo nga [[AMISOM]].<ref>Ayiga Ondoga (14 February 2010). "Over 1,700 UPDF Soldiers for Somalia". Kampala: New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>. Nga 23 Ogwokutaano 2013,yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya genero era naalondebwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'Eggwanga.<ref>John Tugume (24 May 2013). "General Katumba Wamala To Head The Uganda Army". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> == Okugezaako okumutemula. == Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba Wamala bwe yali agenda mu kibuga, abasajja bana abaali babagalidde emigemerawala baasindirira mmotoka ye amasasi mu Kisaasi, ku nkingizi za Kampala.Wamala yafiuna ebiwundu ku bibegaabega byombi, naye yasimattuka naddusibwa mu ddwaliro .Ddereeva we Haruna Kayondo ne muwala we Nantongo battibwa mukifo awaali obulumbaganyi.Abooluganda lwa Brenda bonna beetaba mu lumbe lwa Brenda Wamala Nantongo.<ref>Sam Waswa (1 June 2021). "General Katumba Wamala Attacked by Gunmen; Daughter Reported Dead". ''ChimpReports''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills 2". ''Deutsche Welle''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Katumba Wamala: Uganda minister shot in assassination attempt". ''BBC News''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver". ''The Guardian''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref>.Oluvannuma lw'omwezi ogw'okunoonyereza nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 2021, ab'obuyinza baalaga nti abalumbaganyi baali basiraamu ba nalukalala abantendekembwa mu nkabi ya ba Jihaadi mu Kivu ey'Obukiika kkono e [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]] era balina akakwate ku ggye lya [[Allied Democratic Forces]] (ADF) ne [[Islamic State]].<ref>"Uganda links Islamist rebels to attempted murder of minister". ''Reuters''. 1 July 2021.</ref> [[President of Uganda|Pulezidenti wa Uganda]] [[Yoweri Museveni]] yavumirira obulumbaganyi, bweyannyonyola "ng'omulimu gw' embizi ezitawa bulamu muwendo" == Okuwummula okuva mu ggye Lya UPDF == Mu Gwomunaana 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 47 egy'omuddiriȠȠana egy'obuweereza bw'eggye ly'eggwanga Genereo Katumba wamala waakuwummula okuva mu ggye ly'eggwanaga (UPDF) eyo ng'omwaka gunaatera okuggwako. Agenda mu maaso okuweereza nga minisita mu kabbineeti ya Uganda.<ref>Dan Wandera (9 August 2026). "Gen Katumba honoured ahead of UPDF retirement". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>Rogers Atukunda (10 August 2026). "Katumba Wamala Marks 47 Years of Military Service Ppays Tribute To Museveni". ''SoftPower Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/video/a-look-at-gen-katumba-wamala-s-47-years-in-uniform-5565620</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1956]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] [[Category:Abaganda]] [[Category:Abaduumizi ba police ya Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Uganda Millitary Academy]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army and General Staff College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku the Command and General staff College abatali Bamerica]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army War College]] nudkwep7bnda1hbzago9nkqw8z773l4 74183 74182 2026-09-09T12:54:15Z Ssebuufu 9882 Ngasseeko ettuluba 74183 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg|thumb|Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg]] '''Edward Katumba Wamala''' (yazaalibwa 19 ogwekkuminoogumu 1956) asinga kumanyibwa nga '''Katumba Wamala''' munnamaggye eyagannyuka era munnabyabufuzi Munnayuganda aweereza nga Minisita w'Abakozi ba gavumenti kabbineeti ya Uganda, okuva nga 26 Ogwokutaana 2026.<ref>"Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle". ''Daily Monitor''. 26 May 2026. Retrieved 16 July 2026.</ref><ref>"Museveni hails retiring UPDF generals for building peace and security". ''Monitor''. 21 August 2026. Retrieved 23 August 2026.</ref> Nga tannatuuka mu kifo kye kyalimu mu kiseera kino ,Katumba Wamala yaweereza nga minisita omubeezi ow'eby'emirimu mu kabbineeti ya [[Uganda]].<ref>Taddeo Bwambale (10 January 2017). "Muhoozi Replaces Katumba As Army Chief". ''New Vision''. Kampala. Retrieved 10 June 2017.</ref> Era yaweerezaako nga Chief of Staff ow'eggye lya Uganda li Uganda Peoples Defense Forces (UPDF) okuva 2013 okutuusa 2017 ng'era yeeyali omuduumizi w'eggye lya Uganda eryokuttaka okuva mu 2005 okutuusa 2013.<ref name=":1">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/lt-gen-katumba-wamala-from-an-aspiring-doctor-to-an-army-general-1525652</ref>Era yaweerezaako ng'omuduumizi wa poliisi ya Uganda (IGP) eddaala erisinga okuba era waggulu mu ttabi ero erya gavumenti ya Uganda, okuva mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Wamala yeeyali omujaasi w'eggye lya UPDF eyasooka okuweereza ng'omuduumizi poliisi ya Uganda, ng'akyaweereza mu maggye nga tasoose kulekulira. Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba yasimattuka okugezaako okumutemula, mu Kisaasi ekisangibwa mu nkingizi za [[Kampala]], abasajja ababagalidde emmundu bwebaamulumba nebamutuusaako ebisago, okutta muwalawe ne ddereeva, nebamulekera ebiwundu by'amasasi ku bibegaabega byombi.<ref>"Katumba Wamala shooting: Uganda minister's daughter killed". ''news.yahoo.com''. Retrieved 7 June 2021.</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/01/ugandan-minister-hurt-in-assassination-bid-that-killed-his-daughter</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwekkuminoogumu mu mwaka gwa 1956 e Bweeza mu [[Kalangala (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] mu Bizinga by'e Ssese, mu Ttundutundu lya [[Buganda]], [[Uganda]] <ref>Candia, Steven (31 October 2005). "Police Will Miss Katumba Wamala". New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>.Okusoma yakutandikira ku Nakibizzi primary school (Ku lw'e Jinja).Nera yasomera ku St. James nga kati ssomero lya siniya mu Jinja) n'e Bukomero mwannyina gyeyali omusomesa.<ref name=":1" /> Okusoma kwa pulayimale oluvannyuma yakumalirako ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kampala]] mugandawe ne maama we gyebaali basengukidde.Ku mutendera gwa siniya, Katumba agamba teyatambula nnyo engeri gye yatebenkera ku [https://www.oldkampalass.sc.ug/ Old Kampala Secondary School] emyaka mukaaga.<ref name=":1" /> Ng'ali ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School, Katumba agamba nti yayiga essomo erimulinnyisizza amadaala ag'amaanyi." Nasaba omusomesa olukusa okugenda okwetewuluzaako. Omusomesa teyamanya nti nali njagala kufuna kifo kisirifu okusomeramu akatabo, nenkwatibwa omukulu w'essomero mwami Wakatamba . Namulimba nti nali nfunye olukusa okuva ew'omusomesa naye oluvannyuma olw'okwebuusa naakizuula nti nali nnimba, yantwala mu offiisi ye nangalamiza ku mmeeza empanvu nanswanyuula embooko ttaano olw'okukola ekintu ekituufu mu kiseera ekikyamu ne mu kifo ekikyamu" Katumba bwagamba<ref name=":0">https://www.independent.co.ug/gen-edward-katumba-wamala/</ref> Essomo ero lyansigalamu nti nebwenafuulibwa omuduumizi wa poliisi, nagenda okukyalira mwami Wakatamba-Omukulu w'essomero okumusiima naye namusiȠȠaana mu mbeera nga tasobola kuntegeera.<ref name=":0" /> Katumba Wamala alina satifikeeti mu by'obulimi.<ref>https://hicginewsagency.com/2015/06/22/uganda-chief-of-defense-forces-gen-katumba-wamala-with-hon-kivumbi-earnest-benjamin/</ref> Mu 2007, yatikkirwa okuva mu [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] ne Ddiguli esooka mu nkolagana y'amawanga n'enkola z'amawanga okuteeseganya. Alina ne Ddiguli eyokubiri mu bukulembeze obw'okulengera embeera eyomumaaso ([[Master of Science degree in strategic leadership]]) gye yafunira mu ttendekero li [[United States Army War College]] .<ref>"The Chief of Defence Forces, Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala". ''specialforcescommand.go.ug''. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2015.</ref><ref>Tebajjukira, Madinah (22 April 2007). "Uganda: General Katumba Gets First Class Degree". New Vision via AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>Alina amabaluwa g'ekinnamagye okuva mu matendekero gano wammanga; [[Uganda Military Academy]], [[Tanzania Military Academy.]] waliwo n'ebbaluwa gye yafuna okuva tendekero ly'amagye erya [[Soviet Union,]] endala yagifunira mu [[Nigerian Command and staff College,]] ne mu [[United States Army command and staff College]], ssaako ne gye yafunira mu [[United States Army War College]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151223092033/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/463676</ref>Mu 2023, [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] yamuwa ekitiibwa ky'obwa Dokita mu kusiima ettofaali lyatadde ku kitundu kye, Eggwanga, n'abantu.<ref>Samuel Muhimba (26 October 2023). "Gen Katumba Wamala awarded honorary doctorate". ''Nile Post Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Wamala yali offiisa mu ggye lya [[Uganda National Liberation Army.(UNLA)]] ,eggye lya [[National Resistance Army]](NRA) bwe lyawangula [[Uganda National Liberation Front|UNLA]] mu mwaka gwa 1986. Bw'atyo yakyusa nadda mu NRA awataali kimutaataganya.<ref>Kato, Joshua (5 September 2005). "Rebels Turned UPDF Commanders". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Wakati wa 1999 ne 2000, Katumba yali muyizi mu ttendekero ly'amaggye erya [[U.S Army War college]] mu [[Carlisle County, Kentucky|Carlisle]], mu Pennsyvania. Wakati wa 2000 ne 2001,ng'ali ku ddaala lya [[Major General]], yaduumira eggye ly'eggwanga mu ggwanga lya [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]]. Yalondebwa ng'omuduumizi wa police mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Mu Gwomunaana 2003,Katumba yakiika mu lukungaana lw'ekibiina ekigatta Bannayuganda abawangaalirra mu North America lu UNAA mu [[Boston]], Massachusets.<ref>"Uganda: N. American Ugandans Meet". New Vision (Kampala). 2 September 2003. Retrieved 18 February 2026.</ref> Olwo yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya [[luteenanti general]] era naaweebwa eky'okudduumira eggye ly'eggwanga eryokuttaka erisangibwa mu bbalakisi y'amaggye e Bombo nekimufuula omu ku b'offiisa b'amagye abasinga obukulu mu ggye lya Uganda.<ref>Candia, Steven (3 November 2005). "Major General Kale Kaihura Takes Over Police Force". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Mu mulimu gwe nga omuduumizi w'amagye gookuttaka, yenyigira nnyo mu nteekateeka z'eggye erikuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]] ezimanyiddwa ennyo nga [[AMISOM]].<ref>Ayiga Ondoga (14 February 2010). "Over 1,700 UPDF Soldiers for Somalia". Kampala: New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>. Nga 23 Ogwokutaano 2013,yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya genero era naalondebwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'Eggwanga.<ref>John Tugume (24 May 2013). "General Katumba Wamala To Head The Uganda Army". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> == Okugezaako okumutemula. == Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba Wamala bwe yali agenda mu kibuga, abasajja bana abaali babagalidde emigemerawala baasindirira mmotoka ye amasasi mu Kisaasi, ku nkingizi za Kampala.Wamala yafiuna ebiwundu ku bibegaabega byombi, naye yasimattuka naddusibwa mu ddwaliro .Ddereeva we Haruna Kayondo ne muwala we Nantongo battibwa mukifo awaali obulumbaganyi.Abooluganda lwa Brenda bonna beetaba mu lumbe lwa Brenda Wamala Nantongo.<ref>Sam Waswa (1 June 2021). "General Katumba Wamala Attacked by Gunmen; Daughter Reported Dead". ''ChimpReports''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills 2". ''Deutsche Welle''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Katumba Wamala: Uganda minister shot in assassination attempt". ''BBC News''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver". ''The Guardian''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref>.Oluvannuma lw'omwezi ogw'okunoonyereza nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 2021, ab'obuyinza baalaga nti abalumbaganyi baali basiraamu ba nalukalala abantendekembwa mu nkabi ya ba Jihaadi mu Kivu ey'Obukiika kkono e [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]] era balina akakwate ku ggye lya [[Allied Democratic Forces]] (ADF) ne [[Islamic State]].<ref>"Uganda links Islamist rebels to attempted murder of minister". ''Reuters''. 1 July 2021.</ref> [[President of Uganda|Pulezidenti wa Uganda]] [[Yoweri Museveni]] yavumirira obulumbaganyi, bweyannyonyola "ng'omulimu gw' embizi ezitawa bulamu muwendo" == Okuwummula okuva mu ggye Lya UPDF == Mu Gwomunaana 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 47 egy'omuddiriȠȠana egy'obuweereza bw'eggye ly'eggwanga Genereo Katumba wamala waakuwummula okuva mu ggye ly'eggwanaga (UPDF) eyo ng'omwaka gunaatera okuggwako. Agenda mu maaso okuweereza nga minisita mu kabbineeti ya Uganda.<ref>Dan Wandera (9 August 2026). "Gen Katumba honoured ahead of UPDF retirement". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>Rogers Atukunda (10 August 2026). "Katumba Wamala Marks 47 Years of Military Service Ppays Tribute To Museveni". ''SoftPower Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/video/a-look-at-gen-katumba-wamala-s-47-years-in-uniform-5565620</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1956]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] [[Category:Abaganda]] [[Category:Abaduumizi ba police ya Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Uganda Millitary Academy]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army and General Staff College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku the Command and General staff College abatali Bamerica]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army War College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] 4xv8x37ehf3adw9uyzbv63m29yaj5gw 74184 74183 2026-09-09T12:55:37Z Ssebuufu 9882 Ngasseeko ettuluba 74184 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg|thumb|Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg]] '''Edward Katumba Wamala''' (yazaalibwa 19 ogwekkuminoogumu 1956) asinga kumanyibwa nga '''Katumba Wamala''' munnamaggye eyagannyuka era munnabyabufuzi Munnayuganda aweereza nga Minisita w'Abakozi ba gavumenti kabbineeti ya Uganda, okuva nga 26 Ogwokutaana 2026.<ref>"Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle". ''Daily Monitor''. 26 May 2026. Retrieved 16 July 2026.</ref><ref>"Museveni hails retiring UPDF generals for building peace and security". ''Monitor''. 21 August 2026. Retrieved 23 August 2026.</ref> Nga tannatuuka mu kifo kye kyalimu mu kiseera kino ,Katumba Wamala yaweereza nga minisita omubeezi ow'eby'emirimu mu kabbineeti ya [[Uganda]].<ref>Taddeo Bwambale (10 January 2017). "Muhoozi Replaces Katumba As Army Chief". ''New Vision''. Kampala. Retrieved 10 June 2017.</ref> Era yaweerezaako nga Chief of Staff ow'eggye lya Uganda li Uganda Peoples Defense Forces (UPDF) okuva 2013 okutuusa 2017 ng'era yeeyali omuduumizi w'eggye lya Uganda eryokuttaka okuva mu 2005 okutuusa 2013.<ref name=":1">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/lt-gen-katumba-wamala-from-an-aspiring-doctor-to-an-army-general-1525652</ref>Era yaweerezaako ng'omuduumizi wa poliisi ya Uganda (IGP) eddaala erisinga okuba era waggulu mu ttabi ero erya gavumenti ya Uganda, okuva mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Wamala yeeyali omujaasi w'eggye lya UPDF eyasooka okuweereza ng'omuduumizi poliisi ya Uganda, ng'akyaweereza mu maggye nga tasoose kulekulira. Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba yasimattuka okugezaako okumutemula, mu Kisaasi ekisangibwa mu nkingizi za [[Kampala]], abasajja ababagalidde emmundu bwebaamulumba nebamutuusaako ebisago, okutta muwalawe ne ddereeva, nebamulekera ebiwundu by'amasasi ku bibegaabega byombi.<ref>"Katumba Wamala shooting: Uganda minister's daughter killed". ''news.yahoo.com''. Retrieved 7 June 2021.</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/01/ugandan-minister-hurt-in-assassination-bid-that-killed-his-daughter</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwekkuminoogumu mu mwaka gwa 1956 e Bweeza mu [[Kalangala (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] mu Bizinga by'e Ssese, mu Ttundutundu lya [[Buganda]], [[Uganda]] <ref>Candia, Steven (31 October 2005). "Police Will Miss Katumba Wamala". New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>.Okusoma yakutandikira ku Nakibizzi primary school (Ku lw'e Jinja).Nera yasomera ku St. James nga kati ssomero lya siniya mu Jinja) n'e Bukomero mwannyina gyeyali omusomesa.<ref name=":1" /> Okusoma kwa pulayimale oluvannyuma yakumalirako ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kampala]] mugandawe ne maama we gyebaali basengukidde.Ku mutendera gwa siniya, Katumba agamba teyatambula nnyo engeri gye yatebenkera ku [https://www.oldkampalass.sc.ug/ Old Kampala Secondary School] emyaka mukaaga.<ref name=":1" /> Ng'ali ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School, Katumba agamba nti yayiga essomo erimulinnyisizza amadaala ag'amaanyi." Nasaba omusomesa olukusa okugenda okwetewuluzaako. Omusomesa teyamanya nti nali njagala kufuna kifo kisirifu okusomeramu akatabo, nenkwatibwa omukulu w'essomero mwami Wakatamba . Namulimba nti nali nfunye olukusa okuva ew'omusomesa naye oluvannyuma olw'okwebuusa naakizuula nti nali nnimba, yantwala mu offiisi ye nangalamiza ku mmeeza empanvu nanswanyuula embooko ttaano olw'okukola ekintu ekituufu mu kiseera ekikyamu ne mu kifo ekikyamu" Katumba bwagamba<ref name=":0">https://www.independent.co.ug/gen-edward-katumba-wamala/</ref> Essomo ero lyansigalamu nti nebwenafuulibwa omuduumizi wa poliisi, nagenda okukyalira mwami Wakatamba-Omukulu w'essomero okumusiima naye namusiȠȠaana mu mbeera nga tasobola kuntegeera.<ref name=":0" /> Katumba Wamala alina satifikeeti mu by'obulimi.<ref>https://hicginewsagency.com/2015/06/22/uganda-chief-of-defense-forces-gen-katumba-wamala-with-hon-kivumbi-earnest-benjamin/</ref> Mu 2007, yatikkirwa okuva mu [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] ne Ddiguli esooka mu nkolagana y'amawanga n'enkola z'amawanga okuteeseganya. Alina ne Ddiguli eyokubiri mu bukulembeze obw'okulengera embeera eyomumaaso ([[Master of Science degree in strategic leadership]]) gye yafunira mu ttendekero li [[United States Army War College]] .<ref>"The Chief of Defence Forces, Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala". ''specialforcescommand.go.ug''. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2015.</ref><ref>Tebajjukira, Madinah (22 April 2007). "Uganda: General Katumba Gets First Class Degree". New Vision via AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>Alina amabaluwa g'ekinnamagye okuva mu matendekero gano wammanga; [[Uganda Military Academy]], [[Tanzania Military Academy.]] waliwo n'ebbaluwa gye yafuna okuva tendekero ly'amagye erya [[Soviet Union,]] endala yagifunira mu [[Nigerian Command and staff College,]] ne mu [[United States Army command and staff College]], ssaako ne gye yafunira mu [[United States Army War College]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151223092033/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/463676</ref>Mu 2023, [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] yamuwa ekitiibwa ky'obwa Dokita mu kusiima ettofaali lyatadde ku kitundu kye, Eggwanga, n'abantu.<ref>Samuel Muhimba (26 October 2023). "Gen Katumba Wamala awarded honorary doctorate". ''Nile Post Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Wamala yali offiisa mu ggye lya [[Uganda National Liberation Army.(UNLA)]] ,eggye lya [[National Resistance Army]](NRA) bwe lyawangula [[Uganda National Liberation Front|UNLA]] mu mwaka gwa 1986. Bw'atyo yakyusa nadda mu NRA awataali kimutaataganya.<ref>Kato, Joshua (5 September 2005). "Rebels Turned UPDF Commanders". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Wakati wa 1999 ne 2000, Katumba yali muyizi mu ttendekero ly'amaggye erya [[U.S Army War college]] mu [[Carlisle County, Kentucky|Carlisle]], mu Pennsyvania. Wakati wa 2000 ne 2001,ng'ali ku ddaala lya [[Major General]], yaduumira eggye ly'eggwanga mu ggwanga lya [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]]. Yalondebwa ng'omuduumizi wa police mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Mu Gwomunaana 2003,Katumba yakiika mu lukungaana lw'ekibiina ekigatta Bannayuganda abawangaalirra mu North America lu UNAA mu [[Boston]], Massachusets.<ref>"Uganda: N. American Ugandans Meet". New Vision (Kampala). 2 September 2003. Retrieved 18 February 2026.</ref> Olwo yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya [[luteenanti general]] era naaweebwa eky'okudduumira eggye ly'eggwanga eryokuttaka erisangibwa mu bbalakisi y'amaggye e Bombo nekimufuula omu ku b'offiisa b'amagye abasinga obukulu mu ggye lya Uganda.<ref>Candia, Steven (3 November 2005). "Major General Kale Kaihura Takes Over Police Force". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Mu mulimu gwe nga omuduumizi w'amagye gookuttaka, yenyigira nnyo mu nteekateeka z'eggye erikuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]] ezimanyiddwa ennyo nga [[AMISOM]].<ref>Ayiga Ondoga (14 February 2010). "Over 1,700 UPDF Soldiers for Somalia". Kampala: New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>. Nga 23 Ogwokutaano 2013,yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya genero era naalondebwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'Eggwanga.<ref>John Tugume (24 May 2013). "General Katumba Wamala To Head The Uganda Army". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> == Okugezaako okumutemula. == Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba Wamala bwe yali agenda mu kibuga, abasajja bana abaali babagalidde emigemerawala baasindirira mmotoka ye amasasi mu Kisaasi, ku nkingizi za Kampala.Wamala yafiuna ebiwundu ku bibegaabega byombi, naye yasimattuka naddusibwa mu ddwaliro .Ddereeva we Haruna Kayondo ne muwala we Nantongo battibwa mukifo awaali obulumbaganyi.Abooluganda lwa Brenda bonna beetaba mu lumbe lwa Brenda Wamala Nantongo.<ref>Sam Waswa (1 June 2021). "General Katumba Wamala Attacked by Gunmen; Daughter Reported Dead". ''ChimpReports''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills 2". ''Deutsche Welle''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Katumba Wamala: Uganda minister shot in assassination attempt". ''BBC News''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver". ''The Guardian''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref>.Oluvannuma lw'omwezi ogw'okunoonyereza nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 2021, ab'obuyinza baalaga nti abalumbaganyi baali basiraamu ba nalukalala abantendekembwa mu nkabi ya ba Jihaadi mu Kivu ey'Obukiika kkono e [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]] era balina akakwate ku ggye lya [[Allied Democratic Forces]] (ADF) ne [[Islamic State]].<ref>"Uganda links Islamist rebels to attempted murder of minister". ''Reuters''. 1 July 2021.</ref> [[President of Uganda|Pulezidenti wa Uganda]] [[Yoweri Museveni]] yavumirira obulumbaganyi, bweyannyonyola "ng'omulimu gw' embizi ezitawa bulamu muwendo" == Okuwummula okuva mu ggye Lya UPDF == Mu Gwomunaana 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 47 egy'omuddiriȠȠana egy'obuweereza bw'eggye ly'eggwanga Genereo Katumba wamala waakuwummula okuva mu ggye ly'eggwanaga (UPDF) eyo ng'omwaka gunaatera okuggwako. Agenda mu maaso okuweereza nga minisita mu kabbineeti ya Uganda.<ref>Dan Wandera (9 August 2026). "Gen Katumba honoured ahead of UPDF retirement". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>Rogers Atukunda (10 August 2026). "Katumba Wamala Marks 47 Years of Military Service Ppays Tribute To Museveni". ''SoftPower Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/video/a-look-at-gen-katumba-wamala-s-47-years-in-uniform-5565620</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1956]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] [[Category:Abaganda]] [[Category:Abaduumizi ba police ya Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Uganda Millitary Academy]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army and General Staff College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku the Command and General staff College abatali Bamerica]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army War College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Tanzania Military Academy]] 85kis7d8l7hkw4o3spq6fuantozo2t3 74185 74184 2026-09-09T12:57:04Z Ssebuufu 9882 Ngasseeko ettuluba 74185 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg|thumb|Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg]] '''Edward Katumba Wamala''' (yazaalibwa 19 ogwekkuminoogumu 1956) asinga kumanyibwa nga '''Katumba Wamala''' munnamaggye eyagannyuka era munnabyabufuzi Munnayuganda aweereza nga Minisita w'Abakozi ba gavumenti kabbineeti ya Uganda, okuva nga 26 Ogwokutaana 2026.<ref>"Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle". ''Daily Monitor''. 26 May 2026. Retrieved 16 July 2026.</ref><ref>"Museveni hails retiring UPDF generals for building peace and security". ''Monitor''. 21 August 2026. Retrieved 23 August 2026.</ref> Nga tannatuuka mu kifo kye kyalimu mu kiseera kino ,Katumba Wamala yaweereza nga minisita omubeezi ow'eby'emirimu mu kabbineeti ya [[Uganda]].<ref>Taddeo Bwambale (10 January 2017). "Muhoozi Replaces Katumba As Army Chief". ''New Vision''. Kampala. Retrieved 10 June 2017.</ref> Era yaweerezaako nga Chief of Staff ow'eggye lya Uganda li Uganda Peoples Defense Forces (UPDF) okuva 2013 okutuusa 2017 ng'era yeeyali omuduumizi w'eggye lya Uganda eryokuttaka okuva mu 2005 okutuusa 2013.<ref name=":1">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/lt-gen-katumba-wamala-from-an-aspiring-doctor-to-an-army-general-1525652</ref>Era yaweerezaako ng'omuduumizi wa poliisi ya Uganda (IGP) eddaala erisinga okuba era waggulu mu ttabi ero erya gavumenti ya Uganda, okuva mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Wamala yeeyali omujaasi w'eggye lya UPDF eyasooka okuweereza ng'omuduumizi poliisi ya Uganda, ng'akyaweereza mu maggye nga tasoose kulekulira. Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba yasimattuka okugezaako okumutemula, mu Kisaasi ekisangibwa mu nkingizi za [[Kampala]], abasajja ababagalidde emmundu bwebaamulumba nebamutuusaako ebisago, okutta muwalawe ne ddereeva, nebamulekera ebiwundu by'amasasi ku bibegaabega byombi.<ref>"Katumba Wamala shooting: Uganda minister's daughter killed". ''news.yahoo.com''. Retrieved 7 June 2021.</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/01/ugandan-minister-hurt-in-assassination-bid-that-killed-his-daughter</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwekkuminoogumu mu mwaka gwa 1956 e Bweeza mu [[Kalangala (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] mu Bizinga by'e Ssese, mu Ttundutundu lya [[Buganda]], [[Uganda]] <ref>Candia, Steven (31 October 2005). "Police Will Miss Katumba Wamala". New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>.Okusoma yakutandikira ku Nakibizzi primary school (Ku lw'e Jinja).Nera yasomera ku St. James nga kati ssomero lya siniya mu Jinja) n'e Bukomero mwannyina gyeyali omusomesa.<ref name=":1" /> Okusoma kwa pulayimale oluvannyuma yakumalirako ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kampala]] mugandawe ne maama we gyebaali basengukidde.Ku mutendera gwa siniya, Katumba agamba teyatambula nnyo engeri gye yatebenkera ku [https://www.oldkampalass.sc.ug/ Old Kampala Secondary School] emyaka mukaaga.<ref name=":1" /> Ng'ali ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School, Katumba agamba nti yayiga essomo erimulinnyisizza amadaala ag'amaanyi." Nasaba omusomesa olukusa okugenda okwetewuluzaako. Omusomesa teyamanya nti nali njagala kufuna kifo kisirifu okusomeramu akatabo, nenkwatibwa omukulu w'essomero mwami Wakatamba . Namulimba nti nali nfunye olukusa okuva ew'omusomesa naye oluvannyuma olw'okwebuusa naakizuula nti nali nnimba, yantwala mu offiisi ye nangalamiza ku mmeeza empanvu nanswanyuula embooko ttaano olw'okukola ekintu ekituufu mu kiseera ekikyamu ne mu kifo ekikyamu" Katumba bwagamba<ref name=":0">https://www.independent.co.ug/gen-edward-katumba-wamala/</ref> Essomo ero lyansigalamu nti nebwenafuulibwa omuduumizi wa poliisi, nagenda okukyalira mwami Wakatamba-Omukulu w'essomero okumusiima naye namusiȠȠaana mu mbeera nga tasobola kuntegeera.<ref name=":0" /> Katumba Wamala alina satifikeeti mu by'obulimi.<ref>https://hicginewsagency.com/2015/06/22/uganda-chief-of-defense-forces-gen-katumba-wamala-with-hon-kivumbi-earnest-benjamin/</ref> Mu 2007, yatikkirwa okuva mu [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] ne Ddiguli esooka mu nkolagana y'amawanga n'enkola z'amawanga okuteeseganya. Alina ne Ddiguli eyokubiri mu bukulembeze obw'okulengera embeera eyomumaaso ([[Master of Science degree in strategic leadership]]) gye yafunira mu ttendekero li [[United States Army War College]] .<ref>"The Chief of Defence Forces, Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala". ''specialforcescommand.go.ug''. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2015.</ref><ref>Tebajjukira, Madinah (22 April 2007). "Uganda: General Katumba Gets First Class Degree". New Vision via AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>Alina amabaluwa g'ekinnamagye okuva mu matendekero gano wammanga; [[Uganda Military Academy]], [[Tanzania Military Academy.]] waliwo n'ebbaluwa gye yafuna okuva tendekero ly'amagye erya [[Soviet Union,]] endala yagifunira mu [[Nigerian Command and staff College,]] ne mu [[United States Army command and staff College]], ssaako ne gye yafunira mu [[United States Army War College]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151223092033/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/463676</ref>Mu 2023, [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] yamuwa ekitiibwa ky'obwa Dokita mu kusiima ettofaali lyatadde ku kitundu kye, Eggwanga, n'abantu.<ref>Samuel Muhimba (26 October 2023). "Gen Katumba Wamala awarded honorary doctorate". ''Nile Post Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Wamala yali offiisa mu ggye lya [[Uganda National Liberation Army.(UNLA)]] ,eggye lya [[National Resistance Army]](NRA) bwe lyawangula [[Uganda National Liberation Front|UNLA]] mu mwaka gwa 1986. Bw'atyo yakyusa nadda mu NRA awataali kimutaataganya.<ref>Kato, Joshua (5 September 2005). "Rebels Turned UPDF Commanders". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Wakati wa 1999 ne 2000, Katumba yali muyizi mu ttendekero ly'amaggye erya [[U.S Army War college]] mu [[Carlisle County, Kentucky|Carlisle]], mu Pennsyvania. Wakati wa 2000 ne 2001,ng'ali ku ddaala lya [[Major General]], yaduumira eggye ly'eggwanga mu ggwanga lya [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]]. Yalondebwa ng'omuduumizi wa police mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Mu Gwomunaana 2003,Katumba yakiika mu lukungaana lw'ekibiina ekigatta Bannayuganda abawangaalirra mu North America lu UNAA mu [[Boston]], Massachusets.<ref>"Uganda: N. American Ugandans Meet". New Vision (Kampala). 2 September 2003. Retrieved 18 February 2026.</ref> Olwo yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya [[luteenanti general]] era naaweebwa eky'okudduumira eggye ly'eggwanga eryokuttaka erisangibwa mu bbalakisi y'amaggye e Bombo nekimufuula omu ku b'offiisa b'amagye abasinga obukulu mu ggye lya Uganda.<ref>Candia, Steven (3 November 2005). "Major General Kale Kaihura Takes Over Police Force". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Mu mulimu gwe nga omuduumizi w'amagye gookuttaka, yenyigira nnyo mu nteekateeka z'eggye erikuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]] ezimanyiddwa ennyo nga [[AMISOM]].<ref>Ayiga Ondoga (14 February 2010). "Over 1,700 UPDF Soldiers for Somalia". Kampala: New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>. Nga 23 Ogwokutaano 2013,yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya genero era naalondebwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'Eggwanga.<ref>John Tugume (24 May 2013). "General Katumba Wamala To Head The Uganda Army". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> == Okugezaako okumutemula. == Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba Wamala bwe yali agenda mu kibuga, abasajja bana abaali babagalidde emigemerawala baasindirira mmotoka ye amasasi mu Kisaasi, ku nkingizi za Kampala.Wamala yafiuna ebiwundu ku bibegaabega byombi, naye yasimattuka naddusibwa mu ddwaliro .Ddereeva we Haruna Kayondo ne muwala we Nantongo battibwa mukifo awaali obulumbaganyi.Abooluganda lwa Brenda bonna beetaba mu lumbe lwa Brenda Wamala Nantongo.<ref>Sam Waswa (1 June 2021). "General Katumba Wamala Attacked by Gunmen; Daughter Reported Dead". ''ChimpReports''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills 2". ''Deutsche Welle''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Katumba Wamala: Uganda minister shot in assassination attempt". ''BBC News''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver". ''The Guardian''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref>.Oluvannuma lw'omwezi ogw'okunoonyereza nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 2021, ab'obuyinza baalaga nti abalumbaganyi baali basiraamu ba nalukalala abantendekembwa mu nkabi ya ba Jihaadi mu Kivu ey'Obukiika kkono e [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]] era balina akakwate ku ggye lya [[Allied Democratic Forces]] (ADF) ne [[Islamic State]].<ref>"Uganda links Islamist rebels to attempted murder of minister". ''Reuters''. 1 July 2021.</ref> [[President of Uganda|Pulezidenti wa Uganda]] [[Yoweri Museveni]] yavumirira obulumbaganyi, bweyannyonyola "ng'omulimu gw' embizi ezitawa bulamu muwendo" == Okuwummula okuva mu ggye Lya UPDF == Mu Gwomunaana 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 47 egy'omuddiriȠȠana egy'obuweereza bw'eggye ly'eggwanga Genereo Katumba wamala waakuwummula okuva mu ggye ly'eggwanaga (UPDF) eyo ng'omwaka gunaatera okuggwako. Agenda mu maaso okuweereza nga minisita mu kabbineeti ya Uganda.<ref>Dan Wandera (9 August 2026). "Gen Katumba honoured ahead of UPDF retirement". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>Rogers Atukunda (10 August 2026). "Katumba Wamala Marks 47 Years of Military Service Ppays Tribute To Museveni". ''SoftPower Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/video/a-look-at-gen-katumba-wamala-s-47-years-in-uniform-5565620</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1956]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] [[Category:Abaganda]] [[Category:Abaduumizi ba police ya Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Uganda Millitary Academy]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army and General Staff College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku the Command and General staff College abatali Bamerica]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army War College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Tanzania Military Academy]] [[Category:Baminisita ba gavumenti ya Uganda]] lm8ihe4yv5e5i6gwzr9qimsravxbrz4 74186 74185 2026-09-09T12:58:36Z Ssebuufu 9882 Ngasseeko ettuluba 74186 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg|thumb|Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg]] '''Edward Katumba Wamala''' (yazaalibwa 19 ogwekkuminoogumu 1956) asinga kumanyibwa nga '''Katumba Wamala''' munnamaggye eyagannyuka era munnabyabufuzi Munnayuganda aweereza nga Minisita w'Abakozi ba gavumenti kabbineeti ya Uganda, okuva nga 26 Ogwokutaana 2026.<ref>"Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle". ''Daily Monitor''. 26 May 2026. Retrieved 16 July 2026.</ref><ref>"Museveni hails retiring UPDF generals for building peace and security". ''Monitor''. 21 August 2026. Retrieved 23 August 2026.</ref> Nga tannatuuka mu kifo kye kyalimu mu kiseera kino ,Katumba Wamala yaweereza nga minisita omubeezi ow'eby'emirimu mu kabbineeti ya [[Uganda]].<ref>Taddeo Bwambale (10 January 2017). "Muhoozi Replaces Katumba As Army Chief". ''New Vision''. Kampala. Retrieved 10 June 2017.</ref> Era yaweerezaako nga Chief of Staff ow'eggye lya Uganda li Uganda Peoples Defense Forces (UPDF) okuva 2013 okutuusa 2017 ng'era yeeyali omuduumizi w'eggye lya Uganda eryokuttaka okuva mu 2005 okutuusa 2013.<ref name=":1">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/lt-gen-katumba-wamala-from-an-aspiring-doctor-to-an-army-general-1525652</ref>Era yaweerezaako ng'omuduumizi wa poliisi ya Uganda (IGP) eddaala erisinga okuba era waggulu mu ttabi ero erya gavumenti ya Uganda, okuva mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Wamala yeeyali omujaasi w'eggye lya UPDF eyasooka okuweereza ng'omuduumizi poliisi ya Uganda, ng'akyaweereza mu maggye nga tasoose kulekulira. Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba yasimattuka okugezaako okumutemula, mu Kisaasi ekisangibwa mu nkingizi za [[Kampala]], abasajja ababagalidde emmundu bwebaamulumba nebamutuusaako ebisago, okutta muwalawe ne ddereeva, nebamulekera ebiwundu by'amasasi ku bibegaabega byombi.<ref>"Katumba Wamala shooting: Uganda minister's daughter killed". ''news.yahoo.com''. Retrieved 7 June 2021.</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/01/ugandan-minister-hurt-in-assassination-bid-that-killed-his-daughter</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwekkuminoogumu mu mwaka gwa 1956 e Bweeza mu [[Kalangala (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] mu Bizinga by'e Ssese, mu Ttundutundu lya [[Buganda]], [[Uganda]] <ref>Candia, Steven (31 October 2005). "Police Will Miss Katumba Wamala". New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>.Okusoma yakutandikira ku Nakibizzi primary school (Ku lw'e Jinja).Nera yasomera ku St. James nga kati ssomero lya siniya mu Jinja) n'e Bukomero mwannyina gyeyali omusomesa.<ref name=":1" /> Okusoma kwa pulayimale oluvannyuma yakumalirako ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kampala]] mugandawe ne maama we gyebaali basengukidde.Ku mutendera gwa siniya, Katumba agamba teyatambula nnyo engeri gye yatebenkera ku [https://www.oldkampalass.sc.ug/ Old Kampala Secondary School] emyaka mukaaga.<ref name=":1" /> Ng'ali ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School, Katumba agamba nti yayiga essomo erimulinnyisizza amadaala ag'amaanyi." Nasaba omusomesa olukusa okugenda okwetewuluzaako. Omusomesa teyamanya nti nali njagala kufuna kifo kisirifu okusomeramu akatabo, nenkwatibwa omukulu w'essomero mwami Wakatamba . Namulimba nti nali nfunye olukusa okuva ew'omusomesa naye oluvannyuma olw'okwebuusa naakizuula nti nali nnimba, yantwala mu offiisi ye nangalamiza ku mmeeza empanvu nanswanyuula embooko ttaano olw'okukola ekintu ekituufu mu kiseera ekikyamu ne mu kifo ekikyamu" Katumba bwagamba<ref name=":0">https://www.independent.co.ug/gen-edward-katumba-wamala/</ref> Essomo ero lyansigalamu nti nebwenafuulibwa omuduumizi wa poliisi, nagenda okukyalira mwami Wakatamba-Omukulu w'essomero okumusiima naye namusiȠȠaana mu mbeera nga tasobola kuntegeera.<ref name=":0" /> Katumba Wamala alina satifikeeti mu by'obulimi.<ref>https://hicginewsagency.com/2015/06/22/uganda-chief-of-defense-forces-gen-katumba-wamala-with-hon-kivumbi-earnest-benjamin/</ref> Mu 2007, yatikkirwa okuva mu [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] ne Ddiguli esooka mu nkolagana y'amawanga n'enkola z'amawanga okuteeseganya. Alina ne Ddiguli eyokubiri mu bukulembeze obw'okulengera embeera eyomumaaso ([[Master of Science degree in strategic leadership]]) gye yafunira mu ttendekero li [[United States Army War College]] .<ref>"The Chief of Defence Forces, Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala". ''specialforcescommand.go.ug''. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2015.</ref><ref>Tebajjukira, Madinah (22 April 2007). "Uganda: General Katumba Gets First Class Degree". New Vision via AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>Alina amabaluwa g'ekinnamagye okuva mu matendekero gano wammanga; [[Uganda Military Academy]], [[Tanzania Military Academy.]] waliwo n'ebbaluwa gye yafuna okuva tendekero ly'amagye erya [[Soviet Union,]] endala yagifunira mu [[Nigerian Command and staff College,]] ne mu [[United States Army command and staff College]], ssaako ne gye yafunira mu [[United States Army War College]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151223092033/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/463676</ref>Mu 2023, [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] yamuwa ekitiibwa ky'obwa Dokita mu kusiima ettofaali lyatadde ku kitundu kye, Eggwanga, n'abantu.<ref>Samuel Muhimba (26 October 2023). "Gen Katumba Wamala awarded honorary doctorate". ''Nile Post Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Wamala yali offiisa mu ggye lya [[Uganda National Liberation Army.(UNLA)]] ,eggye lya [[National Resistance Army]](NRA) bwe lyawangula [[Uganda National Liberation Front|UNLA]] mu mwaka gwa 1986. Bw'atyo yakyusa nadda mu NRA awataali kimutaataganya.<ref>Kato, Joshua (5 September 2005). "Rebels Turned UPDF Commanders". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Wakati wa 1999 ne 2000, Katumba yali muyizi mu ttendekero ly'amaggye erya [[U.S Army War college]] mu [[Carlisle County, Kentucky|Carlisle]], mu Pennsyvania. Wakati wa 2000 ne 2001,ng'ali ku ddaala lya [[Major General]], yaduumira eggye ly'eggwanga mu ggwanga lya [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]]. Yalondebwa ng'omuduumizi wa police mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Mu Gwomunaana 2003,Katumba yakiika mu lukungaana lw'ekibiina ekigatta Bannayuganda abawangaalirra mu North America lu UNAA mu [[Boston]], Massachusets.<ref>"Uganda: N. American Ugandans Meet". New Vision (Kampala). 2 September 2003. Retrieved 18 February 2026.</ref> Olwo yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya [[luteenanti general]] era naaweebwa eky'okudduumira eggye ly'eggwanga eryokuttaka erisangibwa mu bbalakisi y'amaggye e Bombo nekimufuula omu ku b'offiisa b'amagye abasinga obukulu mu ggye lya Uganda.<ref>Candia, Steven (3 November 2005). "Major General Kale Kaihura Takes Over Police Force". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Mu mulimu gwe nga omuduumizi w'amagye gookuttaka, yenyigira nnyo mu nteekateeka z'eggye erikuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]] ezimanyiddwa ennyo nga [[AMISOM]].<ref>Ayiga Ondoga (14 February 2010). "Over 1,700 UPDF Soldiers for Somalia". Kampala: New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>. Nga 23 Ogwokutaano 2013,yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya genero era naalondebwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'Eggwanga.<ref>John Tugume (24 May 2013). "General Katumba Wamala To Head The Uganda Army". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> == Okugezaako okumutemula. == Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba Wamala bwe yali agenda mu kibuga, abasajja bana abaali babagalidde emigemerawala baasindirira mmotoka ye amasasi mu Kisaasi, ku nkingizi za Kampala.Wamala yafiuna ebiwundu ku bibegaabega byombi, naye yasimattuka naddusibwa mu ddwaliro .Ddereeva we Haruna Kayondo ne muwala we Nantongo battibwa mukifo awaali obulumbaganyi.Abooluganda lwa Brenda bonna beetaba mu lumbe lwa Brenda Wamala Nantongo.<ref>Sam Waswa (1 June 2021). "General Katumba Wamala Attacked by Gunmen; Daughter Reported Dead". ''ChimpReports''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills 2". ''Deutsche Welle''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Katumba Wamala: Uganda minister shot in assassination attempt". ''BBC News''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver". ''The Guardian''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref>.Oluvannuma lw'omwezi ogw'okunoonyereza nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 2021, ab'obuyinza baalaga nti abalumbaganyi baali basiraamu ba nalukalala abantendekembwa mu nkabi ya ba Jihaadi mu Kivu ey'Obukiika kkono e [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]] era balina akakwate ku ggye lya [[Allied Democratic Forces]] (ADF) ne [[Islamic State]].<ref>"Uganda links Islamist rebels to attempted murder of minister". ''Reuters''. 1 July 2021.</ref> [[President of Uganda|Pulezidenti wa Uganda]] [[Yoweri Museveni]] yavumirira obulumbaganyi, bweyannyonyola "ng'omulimu gw' embizi ezitawa bulamu muwendo" == Okuwummula okuva mu ggye Lya UPDF == Mu Gwomunaana 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 47 egy'omuddiriȠȠana egy'obuweereza bw'eggye ly'eggwanga Genereo Katumba wamala waakuwummula okuva mu ggye ly'eggwanaga (UPDF) eyo ng'omwaka gunaatera okuggwako. Agenda mu maaso okuweereza nga minisita mu kabbineeti ya Uganda.<ref>Dan Wandera (9 August 2026). "Gen Katumba honoured ahead of UPDF retirement". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>Rogers Atukunda (10 August 2026). "Katumba Wamala Marks 47 Years of Military Service Ppays Tribute To Museveni". ''SoftPower Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/video/a-look-at-gen-katumba-wamala-s-47-years-in-uniform-5565620</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1956]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] [[Category:Abaganda]] [[Category:Abaduumizi ba police ya Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Uganda Millitary Academy]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army and General Staff College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku the Command and General staff College abatali Bamerica]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army War College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Tanzania Military Academy]] [[Category:Baminisita ba gavumenti ya Uganda]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'omwenda]] bawwcew0sqmmsci4knldut3nftskj15 74187 74186 2026-09-09T12:59:32Z Ssebuufu 9882 Ngasseeko ettuluba 74187 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg|thumb|Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg]] '''Edward Katumba Wamala''' (yazaalibwa 19 ogwekkuminoogumu 1956) asinga kumanyibwa nga '''Katumba Wamala''' munnamaggye eyagannyuka era munnabyabufuzi Munnayuganda aweereza nga Minisita w'Abakozi ba gavumenti kabbineeti ya Uganda, okuva nga 26 Ogwokutaana 2026.<ref>"Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle". ''Daily Monitor''. 26 May 2026. Retrieved 16 July 2026.</ref><ref>"Museveni hails retiring UPDF generals for building peace and security". ''Monitor''. 21 August 2026. Retrieved 23 August 2026.</ref> Nga tannatuuka mu kifo kye kyalimu mu kiseera kino ,Katumba Wamala yaweereza nga minisita omubeezi ow'eby'emirimu mu kabbineeti ya [[Uganda]].<ref>Taddeo Bwambale (10 January 2017). "Muhoozi Replaces Katumba As Army Chief". ''New Vision''. Kampala. Retrieved 10 June 2017.</ref> Era yaweerezaako nga Chief of Staff ow'eggye lya Uganda li Uganda Peoples Defense Forces (UPDF) okuva 2013 okutuusa 2017 ng'era yeeyali omuduumizi w'eggye lya Uganda eryokuttaka okuva mu 2005 okutuusa 2013.<ref name=":1">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/lt-gen-katumba-wamala-from-an-aspiring-doctor-to-an-army-general-1525652</ref>Era yaweerezaako ng'omuduumizi wa poliisi ya Uganda (IGP) eddaala erisinga okuba era waggulu mu ttabi ero erya gavumenti ya Uganda, okuva mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Wamala yeeyali omujaasi w'eggye lya UPDF eyasooka okuweereza ng'omuduumizi poliisi ya Uganda, ng'akyaweereza mu maggye nga tasoose kulekulira. Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba yasimattuka okugezaako okumutemula, mu Kisaasi ekisangibwa mu nkingizi za [[Kampala]], abasajja ababagalidde emmundu bwebaamulumba nebamutuusaako ebisago, okutta muwalawe ne ddereeva, nebamulekera ebiwundu by'amasasi ku bibegaabega byombi.<ref>"Katumba Wamala shooting: Uganda minister's daughter killed". ''news.yahoo.com''. Retrieved 7 June 2021.</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/01/ugandan-minister-hurt-in-assassination-bid-that-killed-his-daughter</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwekkuminoogumu mu mwaka gwa 1956 e Bweeza mu [[Kalangala (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] mu Bizinga by'e Ssese, mu Ttundutundu lya [[Buganda]], [[Uganda]] <ref>Candia, Steven (31 October 2005). "Police Will Miss Katumba Wamala". New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>.Okusoma yakutandikira ku Nakibizzi primary school (Ku lw'e Jinja).Nera yasomera ku St. James nga kati ssomero lya siniya mu Jinja) n'e Bukomero mwannyina gyeyali omusomesa.<ref name=":1" /> Okusoma kwa pulayimale oluvannyuma yakumalirako ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kampala]] mugandawe ne maama we gyebaali basengukidde.Ku mutendera gwa siniya, Katumba agamba teyatambula nnyo engeri gye yatebenkera ku [https://www.oldkampalass.sc.ug/ Old Kampala Secondary School] emyaka mukaaga.<ref name=":1" /> Ng'ali ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School, Katumba agamba nti yayiga essomo erimulinnyisizza amadaala ag'amaanyi." Nasaba omusomesa olukusa okugenda okwetewuluzaako. Omusomesa teyamanya nti nali njagala kufuna kifo kisirifu okusomeramu akatabo, nenkwatibwa omukulu w'essomero mwami Wakatamba . Namulimba nti nali nfunye olukusa okuva ew'omusomesa naye oluvannyuma olw'okwebuusa naakizuula nti nali nnimba, yantwala mu offiisi ye nangalamiza ku mmeeza empanvu nanswanyuula embooko ttaano olw'okukola ekintu ekituufu mu kiseera ekikyamu ne mu kifo ekikyamu" Katumba bwagamba<ref name=":0">https://www.independent.co.ug/gen-edward-katumba-wamala/</ref> Essomo ero lyansigalamu nti nebwenafuulibwa omuduumizi wa poliisi, nagenda okukyalira mwami Wakatamba-Omukulu w'essomero okumusiima naye namusiȠȠaana mu mbeera nga tasobola kuntegeera.<ref name=":0" /> Katumba Wamala alina satifikeeti mu by'obulimi.<ref>https://hicginewsagency.com/2015/06/22/uganda-chief-of-defense-forces-gen-katumba-wamala-with-hon-kivumbi-earnest-benjamin/</ref> Mu 2007, yatikkirwa okuva mu [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] ne Ddiguli esooka mu nkolagana y'amawanga n'enkola z'amawanga okuteeseganya. Alina ne Ddiguli eyokubiri mu bukulembeze obw'okulengera embeera eyomumaaso ([[Master of Science degree in strategic leadership]]) gye yafunira mu ttendekero li [[United States Army War College]] .<ref>"The Chief of Defence Forces, Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala". ''specialforcescommand.go.ug''. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2015.</ref><ref>Tebajjukira, Madinah (22 April 2007). "Uganda: General Katumba Gets First Class Degree". New Vision via AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>Alina amabaluwa g'ekinnamagye okuva mu matendekero gano wammanga; [[Uganda Military Academy]], [[Tanzania Military Academy.]] waliwo n'ebbaluwa gye yafuna okuva tendekero ly'amagye erya [[Soviet Union,]] endala yagifunira mu [[Nigerian Command and staff College,]] ne mu [[United States Army command and staff College]], ssaako ne gye yafunira mu [[United States Army War College]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151223092033/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/463676</ref>Mu 2023, [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] yamuwa ekitiibwa ky'obwa Dokita mu kusiima ettofaali lyatadde ku kitundu kye, Eggwanga, n'abantu.<ref>Samuel Muhimba (26 October 2023). "Gen Katumba Wamala awarded honorary doctorate". ''Nile Post Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Wamala yali offiisa mu ggye lya [[Uganda National Liberation Army.(UNLA)]] ,eggye lya [[National Resistance Army]](NRA) bwe lyawangula [[Uganda National Liberation Front|UNLA]] mu mwaka gwa 1986. Bw'atyo yakyusa nadda mu NRA awataali kimutaataganya.<ref>Kato, Joshua (5 September 2005). "Rebels Turned UPDF Commanders". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Wakati wa 1999 ne 2000, Katumba yali muyizi mu ttendekero ly'amaggye erya [[U.S Army War college]] mu [[Carlisle County, Kentucky|Carlisle]], mu Pennsyvania. Wakati wa 2000 ne 2001,ng'ali ku ddaala lya [[Major General]], yaduumira eggye ly'eggwanga mu ggwanga lya [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]]. Yalondebwa ng'omuduumizi wa police mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Mu Gwomunaana 2003,Katumba yakiika mu lukungaana lw'ekibiina ekigatta Bannayuganda abawangaalirra mu North America lu UNAA mu [[Boston]], Massachusets.<ref>"Uganda: N. American Ugandans Meet". New Vision (Kampala). 2 September 2003. Retrieved 18 February 2026.</ref> Olwo yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya [[luteenanti general]] era naaweebwa eky'okudduumira eggye ly'eggwanga eryokuttaka erisangibwa mu bbalakisi y'amaggye e Bombo nekimufuula omu ku b'offiisa b'amagye abasinga obukulu mu ggye lya Uganda.<ref>Candia, Steven (3 November 2005). "Major General Kale Kaihura Takes Over Police Force". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Mu mulimu gwe nga omuduumizi w'amagye gookuttaka, yenyigira nnyo mu nteekateeka z'eggye erikuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]] ezimanyiddwa ennyo nga [[AMISOM]].<ref>Ayiga Ondoga (14 February 2010). "Over 1,700 UPDF Soldiers for Somalia". Kampala: New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>. Nga 23 Ogwokutaano 2013,yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya genero era naalondebwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'Eggwanga.<ref>John Tugume (24 May 2013). "General Katumba Wamala To Head The Uganda Army". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> == Okugezaako okumutemula. == Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba Wamala bwe yali agenda mu kibuga, abasajja bana abaali babagalidde emigemerawala baasindirira mmotoka ye amasasi mu Kisaasi, ku nkingizi za Kampala.Wamala yafiuna ebiwundu ku bibegaabega byombi, naye yasimattuka naddusibwa mu ddwaliro .Ddereeva we Haruna Kayondo ne muwala we Nantongo battibwa mukifo awaali obulumbaganyi.Abooluganda lwa Brenda bonna beetaba mu lumbe lwa Brenda Wamala Nantongo.<ref>Sam Waswa (1 June 2021). "General Katumba Wamala Attacked by Gunmen; Daughter Reported Dead". ''ChimpReports''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills 2". ''Deutsche Welle''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Katumba Wamala: Uganda minister shot in assassination attempt". ''BBC News''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver". ''The Guardian''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref>.Oluvannuma lw'omwezi ogw'okunoonyereza nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 2021, ab'obuyinza baalaga nti abalumbaganyi baali basiraamu ba nalukalala abantendekembwa mu nkabi ya ba Jihaadi mu Kivu ey'Obukiika kkono e [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]] era balina akakwate ku ggye lya [[Allied Democratic Forces]] (ADF) ne [[Islamic State]].<ref>"Uganda links Islamist rebels to attempted murder of minister". ''Reuters''. 1 July 2021.</ref> [[President of Uganda|Pulezidenti wa Uganda]] [[Yoweri Museveni]] yavumirira obulumbaganyi, bweyannyonyola "ng'omulimu gw' embizi ezitawa bulamu muwendo" == Okuwummula okuva mu ggye Lya UPDF == Mu Gwomunaana 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 47 egy'omuddiriȠȠana egy'obuweereza bw'eggye ly'eggwanga Genereo Katumba wamala waakuwummula okuva mu ggye ly'eggwanaga (UPDF) eyo ng'omwaka gunaatera okuggwako. Agenda mu maaso okuweereza nga minisita mu kabbineeti ya Uganda.<ref>Dan Wandera (9 August 2026). "Gen Katumba honoured ahead of UPDF retirement". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>Rogers Atukunda (10 August 2026). "Katumba Wamala Marks 47 Years of Military Service Ppays Tribute To Museveni". ''SoftPower Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/video/a-look-at-gen-katumba-wamala-s-47-years-in-uniform-5565620</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1956]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] [[Category:Abaganda]] [[Category:Abaduumizi ba police ya Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Uganda Millitary Academy]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army and General Staff College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku the Command and General staff College abatali Bamerica]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army War College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Tanzania Military Academy]] [[Category:Baminisita ba gavumenti ya Uganda]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'omwenda]] [[Category:Bagenero ba Uganda]] n3hgtwf3c71vmfitq0b1fuqcenwffou 74188 74187 2026-09-09T13:15:36Z Ssebuufu 9882 Ngasseeko ettuluba 74188 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg|thumb|Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg]] '''Edward Katumba Wamala''' (yazaalibwa 19 ogwekkuminoogumu 1956) asinga kumanyibwa nga '''Katumba Wamala''' munnamaggye eyagannyuka era munnabyabufuzi Munnayuganda aweereza nga Minisita w'Abakozi ba gavumenti kabbineeti ya Uganda, okuva nga 26 Ogwokutaana 2026.<ref>"Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle". ''Daily Monitor''. 26 May 2026. Retrieved 16 July 2026.</ref><ref>"Museveni hails retiring UPDF generals for building peace and security". ''Monitor''. 21 August 2026. Retrieved 23 August 2026.</ref> Nga tannatuuka mu kifo kye kyalimu mu kiseera kino ,Katumba Wamala yaweereza nga minisita omubeezi ow'eby'emirimu mu kabbineeti ya [[Uganda]].<ref>Taddeo Bwambale (10 January 2017). "Muhoozi Replaces Katumba As Army Chief". ''New Vision''. Kampala. Retrieved 10 June 2017.</ref> Era yaweerezaako nga Chief of Staff ow'eggye lya Uganda li Uganda Peoples Defense Forces (UPDF) okuva 2013 okutuusa 2017 ng'era yeeyali omuduumizi w'eggye lya Uganda eryokuttaka okuva mu 2005 okutuusa 2013.<ref name=":1">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/lt-gen-katumba-wamala-from-an-aspiring-doctor-to-an-army-general-1525652</ref>Era yaweerezaako ng'omuduumizi wa poliisi ya Uganda (IGP) eddaala erisinga okuba era waggulu mu ttabi ero erya gavumenti ya Uganda, okuva mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Wamala yeeyali omujaasi w'eggye lya UPDF eyasooka okuweereza ng'omuduumizi poliisi ya Uganda, ng'akyaweereza mu maggye nga tasoose kulekulira. Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba yasimattuka okugezaako okumutemula, mu Kisaasi ekisangibwa mu nkingizi za [[Kampala]], abasajja ababagalidde emmundu bwebaamulumba nebamutuusaako ebisago, okutta muwalawe ne ddereeva, nebamulekera ebiwundu by'amasasi ku bibegaabega byombi.<ref>"Katumba Wamala shooting: Uganda minister's daughter killed". ''news.yahoo.com''. Retrieved 7 June 2021.</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/01/ugandan-minister-hurt-in-assassination-bid-that-killed-his-daughter</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwekkuminoogumu mu mwaka gwa 1956 e Bweeza mu [[Kalangala (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] mu Bizinga by'e Ssese, mu Ttundutundu lya [[Buganda]], [[Uganda]] <ref>Candia, Steven (31 October 2005). "Police Will Miss Katumba Wamala". New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>.Okusoma yakutandikira ku Nakibizzi primary school (Ku lw'e Jinja).Nera yasomera ku St. James nga kati ssomero lya siniya mu Jinja) n'e Bukomero mwannyina gyeyali omusomesa.<ref name=":1" /> Okusoma kwa pulayimale oluvannyuma yakumalirako ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kampala]] mugandawe ne maama we gyebaali basengukidde.Ku mutendera gwa siniya, Katumba agamba teyatambula nnyo engeri gye yatebenkera ku [https://www.oldkampalass.sc.ug/ Old Kampala Secondary School] emyaka mukaaga.<ref name=":1" /> Ng'ali ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School, Katumba agamba nti yayiga essomo erimulinnyisizza amadaala ag'amaanyi." Nasaba omusomesa olukusa okugenda okwetewuluzaako. Omusomesa teyamanya nti nali njagala kufuna kifo kisirifu okusomeramu akatabo, nenkwatibwa omukulu w'essomero mwami Wakatamba . Namulimba nti nali nfunye olukusa okuva ew'omusomesa naye oluvannyuma olw'okwebuusa naakizuula nti nali nnimba, yantwala mu offiisi ye nangalamiza ku mmeeza empanvu nanswanyuula embooko ttaano olw'okukola ekintu ekituufu mu kiseera ekikyamu ne mu kifo ekikyamu" Katumba bwagamba<ref name=":0">https://www.independent.co.ug/gen-edward-katumba-wamala/</ref> Essomo ero lyansigalamu nti nebwenafuulibwa omuduumizi wa poliisi, nagenda okukyalira mwami Wakatamba-Omukulu w'essomero okumusiima naye namusiȠȠaana mu mbeera nga tasobola kuntegeera.<ref name=":0" /> Katumba Wamala alina satifikeeti mu by'obulimi.<ref>https://hicginewsagency.com/2015/06/22/uganda-chief-of-defense-forces-gen-katumba-wamala-with-hon-kivumbi-earnest-benjamin/</ref> Mu 2007, yatikkirwa okuva mu [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] ne Ddiguli esooka mu nkolagana y'amawanga n'enkola z'amawanga okuteeseganya. Alina ne Ddiguli eyokubiri mu bukulembeze obw'okulengera embeera eyomumaaso ([[Master of Science degree in strategic leadership]]) gye yafunira mu ttendekero li [[United States Army War College]] .<ref>"The Chief of Defence Forces, Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala". ''specialforcescommand.go.ug''. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2015.</ref><ref>Tebajjukira, Madinah (22 April 2007). "Uganda: General Katumba Gets First Class Degree". New Vision via AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>Alina amabaluwa g'ekinnamagye okuva mu matendekero gano wammanga; [[Uganda Military Academy]], [[Tanzania Military Academy.]] waliwo n'ebbaluwa gye yafuna okuva tendekero ly'amagye erya [[Soviet Union,]] endala yagifunira mu [[Nigerian Command and staff College,]] ne mu [[United States Army command and staff College]], ssaako ne gye yafunira mu [[United States Army War College]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151223092033/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/463676</ref>Mu 2023, [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] yamuwa ekitiibwa ky'obwa Dokita mu kusiima ettofaali lyatadde ku kitundu kye, Eggwanga, n'abantu.<ref>Samuel Muhimba (26 October 2023). "Gen Katumba Wamala awarded honorary doctorate". ''Nile Post Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Wamala yali offiisa mu ggye lya [[Uganda National Liberation Army.(UNLA)]] ,eggye lya [[National Resistance Army]](NRA) bwe lyawangula [[Uganda National Liberation Front|UNLA]] mu mwaka gwa 1986. Bw'atyo yakyusa nadda mu NRA awataali kimutaataganya.<ref>Kato, Joshua (5 September 2005). "Rebels Turned UPDF Commanders". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Wakati wa 1999 ne 2000, Katumba yali muyizi mu ttendekero ly'amaggye erya [[U.S Army War college]] mu [[Carlisle County, Kentucky|Carlisle]], mu Pennsyvania. Wakati wa 2000 ne 2001,ng'ali ku ddaala lya [[Major General]], yaduumira eggye ly'eggwanga mu ggwanga lya [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]]. Yalondebwa ng'omuduumizi wa police mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Mu Gwomunaana 2003,Katumba yakiika mu lukungaana lw'ekibiina ekigatta Bannayuganda abawangaalirra mu North America lu UNAA mu [[Boston]], Massachusets.<ref>"Uganda: N. American Ugandans Meet". New Vision (Kampala). 2 September 2003. Retrieved 18 February 2026.</ref> Olwo yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya [[luteenanti general]] era naaweebwa eky'okudduumira eggye ly'eggwanga eryokuttaka erisangibwa mu bbalakisi y'amaggye e Bombo nekimufuula omu ku b'offiisa b'amagye abasinga obukulu mu ggye lya Uganda.<ref>Candia, Steven (3 November 2005). "Major General Kale Kaihura Takes Over Police Force". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Mu mulimu gwe nga omuduumizi w'amagye gookuttaka, yenyigira nnyo mu nteekateeka z'eggye erikuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]] ezimanyiddwa ennyo nga [[AMISOM]].<ref>Ayiga Ondoga (14 February 2010). "Over 1,700 UPDF Soldiers for Somalia". Kampala: New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>. Nga 23 Ogwokutaano 2013,yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya genero era naalondebwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'Eggwanga.<ref>John Tugume (24 May 2013). "General Katumba Wamala To Head The Uganda Army". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> == Okugezaako okumutemula. == Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba Wamala bwe yali agenda mu kibuga, abasajja bana abaali babagalidde emigemerawala baasindirira mmotoka ye amasasi mu Kisaasi, ku nkingizi za Kampala.Wamala yafiuna ebiwundu ku bibegaabega byombi, naye yasimattuka naddusibwa mu ddwaliro .Ddereeva we Haruna Kayondo ne muwala we Nantongo battibwa mukifo awaali obulumbaganyi.Abooluganda lwa Brenda bonna beetaba mu lumbe lwa Brenda Wamala Nantongo.<ref>Sam Waswa (1 June 2021). "General Katumba Wamala Attacked by Gunmen; Daughter Reported Dead". ''ChimpReports''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills 2". ''Deutsche Welle''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Katumba Wamala: Uganda minister shot in assassination attempt". ''BBC News''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver". ''The Guardian''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref>.Oluvannuma lw'omwezi ogw'okunoonyereza nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 2021, ab'obuyinza baalaga nti abalumbaganyi baali basiraamu ba nalukalala abantendekembwa mu nkabi ya ba Jihaadi mu Kivu ey'Obukiika kkono e [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]] era balina akakwate ku ggye lya [[Allied Democratic Forces]] (ADF) ne [[Islamic State]].<ref>"Uganda links Islamist rebels to attempted murder of minister". ''Reuters''. 1 July 2021.</ref> [[President of Uganda|Pulezidenti wa Uganda]] [[Yoweri Museveni]] yavumirira obulumbaganyi, bweyannyonyola "ng'omulimu gw' embizi ezitawa bulamu muwendo" == Okuwummula okuva mu ggye Lya UPDF == Mu Gwomunaana 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 47 egy'omuddiriȠȠana egy'obuweereza bw'eggye ly'eggwanga Genereo Katumba wamala waakuwummula okuva mu ggye ly'eggwanaga (UPDF) eyo ng'omwaka gunaatera okuggwako. Agenda mu maaso okuweereza nga minisita mu kabbineeti ya Uganda.<ref>Dan Wandera (9 August 2026). "Gen Katumba honoured ahead of UPDF retirement". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>Rogers Atukunda (10 August 2026). "Katumba Wamala Marks 47 Years of Military Service Ppays Tribute To Museveni". ''SoftPower Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/video/a-look-at-gen-katumba-wamala-s-47-years-in-uniform-5565620</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1956]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] [[Category:Abaganda]] [[Category:Abaduumizi ba police ya Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Uganda Millitary Academy]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army and General Staff College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku the Command and General staff College abatali Bamerica]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army War College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Tanzania Military Academy]] [[Category:Baminisita ba gavumenti ya Uganda]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'omwenda]] [[Category:Bagenero ba Uganda]] [[Category:Abakoseddwa ebikolwa by'obumenyi bw'amateeka]] c05utgvrhp3tcq5gxz8fzuxlp871knc 74191 74188 2026-09-09T13:37:37Z Ssebuufu 9882 Ngasseeko ettuluba 74191 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg|thumb|Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg]] '''Edward Katumba Wamala''' (yazaalibwa 19 ogwekkuminoogumu 1956) asinga kumanyibwa nga '''Katumba Wamala''' munnamaggye eyagannyuka era munnabyabufuzi Munnayuganda aweereza nga Minisita w'Abakozi ba gavumenti kabbineeti ya Uganda, okuva nga 26 Ogwokutaana 2026.<ref>"Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle". ''Daily Monitor''. 26 May 2026. Retrieved 16 July 2026.</ref><ref>"Museveni hails retiring UPDF generals for building peace and security". ''Monitor''. 21 August 2026. Retrieved 23 August 2026.</ref> Nga tannatuuka mu kifo kye kyalimu mu kiseera kino ,Katumba Wamala yaweereza nga minisita omubeezi ow'eby'emirimu mu kabbineeti ya [[Uganda]].<ref>Taddeo Bwambale (10 January 2017). "Muhoozi Replaces Katumba As Army Chief". ''New Vision''. Kampala. Retrieved 10 June 2017.</ref> Era yaweerezaako nga Chief of Staff ow'eggye lya Uganda li Uganda Peoples Defense Forces (UPDF) okuva 2013 okutuusa 2017 ng'era yeeyali omuduumizi w'eggye lya Uganda eryokuttaka okuva mu 2005 okutuusa 2013.<ref name=":1">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/lt-gen-katumba-wamala-from-an-aspiring-doctor-to-an-army-general-1525652</ref>Era yaweerezaako ng'omuduumizi wa poliisi ya Uganda (IGP) eddaala erisinga okuba era waggulu mu ttabi ero erya gavumenti ya Uganda, okuva mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Wamala yeeyali omujaasi w'eggye lya UPDF eyasooka okuweereza ng'omuduumizi poliisi ya Uganda, ng'akyaweereza mu maggye nga tasoose kulekulira. Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba yasimattuka okugezaako okumutemula, mu Kisaasi ekisangibwa mu nkingizi za [[Kampala]], abasajja ababagalidde emmundu bwebaamulumba nebamutuusaako ebisago, okutta muwalawe ne ddereeva, nebamulekera ebiwundu by'amasasi ku bibegaabega byombi.<ref>"Katumba Wamala shooting: Uganda minister's daughter killed". ''news.yahoo.com''. Retrieved 7 June 2021.</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/01/ugandan-minister-hurt-in-assassination-bid-that-killed-his-daughter</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwekkuminoogumu mu mwaka gwa 1956 e Bweeza mu [[Kalangala (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] mu Bizinga by'e Ssese, mu Ttundutundu lya [[Buganda]], [[Uganda]] <ref>Candia, Steven (31 October 2005). "Police Will Miss Katumba Wamala". New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>.Okusoma yakutandikira ku Nakibizzi primary school (Ku lw'e Jinja).Nera yasomera ku St. James nga kati ssomero lya siniya mu Jinja) n'e Bukomero mwannyina gyeyali omusomesa.<ref name=":1" /> Okusoma kwa pulayimale oluvannyuma yakumalirako ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kampala]] mugandawe ne maama we gyebaali basengukidde.Ku mutendera gwa siniya, Katumba agamba teyatambula nnyo engeri gye yatebenkera ku [https://www.oldkampalass.sc.ug/ Old Kampala Secondary School] emyaka mukaaga.<ref name=":1" /> Ng'ali ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School, Katumba agamba nti yayiga essomo erimulinnyisizza amadaala ag'amaanyi." Nasaba omusomesa olukusa okugenda okwetewuluzaako. Omusomesa teyamanya nti nali njagala kufuna kifo kisirifu okusomeramu akatabo, nenkwatibwa omukulu w'essomero mwami Wakatamba . Namulimba nti nali nfunye olukusa okuva ew'omusomesa naye oluvannyuma olw'okwebuusa naakizuula nti nali nnimba, yantwala mu offiisi ye nangalamiza ku mmeeza empanvu nanswanyuula embooko ttaano olw'okukola ekintu ekituufu mu kiseera ekikyamu ne mu kifo ekikyamu" Katumba bwagamba<ref name=":0">https://www.independent.co.ug/gen-edward-katumba-wamala/</ref> Essomo ero lyansigalamu nti nebwenafuulibwa omuduumizi wa poliisi, nagenda okukyalira mwami Wakatamba-Omukulu w'essomero okumusiima naye namusiȠȠaana mu mbeera nga tasobola kuntegeera.<ref name=":0" /> Katumba Wamala alina satifikeeti mu by'obulimi.<ref>https://hicginewsagency.com/2015/06/22/uganda-chief-of-defense-forces-gen-katumba-wamala-with-hon-kivumbi-earnest-benjamin/</ref> Mu 2007, yatikkirwa okuva mu [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] ne Ddiguli esooka mu nkolagana y'amawanga n'enkola z'amawanga okuteeseganya. Alina ne Ddiguli eyokubiri mu bukulembeze obw'okulengera embeera eyomumaaso ([[Master of Science degree in strategic leadership]]) gye yafunira mu ttendekero li [[United States Army War College]] .<ref>"The Chief of Defence Forces, Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala". ''specialforcescommand.go.ug''. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2015.</ref><ref>Tebajjukira, Madinah (22 April 2007). "Uganda: General Katumba Gets First Class Degree". New Vision via AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>Alina amabaluwa g'ekinnamagye okuva mu matendekero gano wammanga; [[Uganda Military Academy]], [[Tanzania Military Academy.]] waliwo n'ebbaluwa gye yafuna okuva tendekero ly'amagye erya [[Soviet Union,]] endala yagifunira mu [[Nigerian Command and staff College,]] ne mu [[United States Army command and staff College]], ssaako ne gye yafunira mu [[United States Army War College]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151223092033/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/463676</ref>Mu 2023, [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] yamuwa ekitiibwa ky'obwa Dokita mu kusiima ettofaali lyatadde ku kitundu kye, Eggwanga, n'abantu.<ref>Samuel Muhimba (26 October 2023). "Gen Katumba Wamala awarded honorary doctorate". ''Nile Post Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Wamala yali offiisa mu ggye lya [[Uganda National Liberation Army.(UNLA)]] ,eggye lya [[National Resistance Army]](NRA) bwe lyawangula [[Uganda National Liberation Front|UNLA]] mu mwaka gwa 1986. Bw'atyo yakyusa nadda mu NRA awataali kimutaataganya.<ref>Kato, Joshua (5 September 2005). "Rebels Turned UPDF Commanders". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Wakati wa 1999 ne 2000, Katumba yali muyizi mu ttendekero ly'amaggye erya [[U.S Army War college]] mu [[Carlisle County, Kentucky|Carlisle]], mu Pennsyvania. Wakati wa 2000 ne 2001,ng'ali ku ddaala lya [[Major General]], yaduumira eggye ly'eggwanga mu ggwanga lya [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]]. Yalondebwa ng'omuduumizi wa police mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Mu Gwomunaana 2003,Katumba yakiika mu lukungaana lw'ekibiina ekigatta Bannayuganda abawangaalirra mu North America lu UNAA mu [[Boston]], Massachusets.<ref>"Uganda: N. American Ugandans Meet". New Vision (Kampala). 2 September 2003. Retrieved 18 February 2026.</ref> Olwo yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya [[luteenanti general]] era naaweebwa eky'okudduumira eggye ly'eggwanga eryokuttaka erisangibwa mu bbalakisi y'amaggye e Bombo nekimufuula omu ku b'offiisa b'amagye abasinga obukulu mu ggye lya Uganda.<ref>Candia, Steven (3 November 2005). "Major General Kale Kaihura Takes Over Police Force". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Mu mulimu gwe nga omuduumizi w'amagye gookuttaka, yenyigira nnyo mu nteekateeka z'eggye erikuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]] ezimanyiddwa ennyo nga [[AMISOM]].<ref>Ayiga Ondoga (14 February 2010). "Over 1,700 UPDF Soldiers for Somalia". Kampala: New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>. Nga 23 Ogwokutaano 2013,yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya genero era naalondebwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'Eggwanga.<ref>John Tugume (24 May 2013). "General Katumba Wamala To Head The Uganda Army". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> == Okugezaako okumutemula. == Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba Wamala bwe yali agenda mu kibuga, abasajja bana abaali babagalidde emigemerawala baasindirira mmotoka ye amasasi mu Kisaasi, ku nkingizi za Kampala.Wamala yafiuna ebiwundu ku bibegaabega byombi, naye yasimattuka naddusibwa mu ddwaliro .Ddereeva we Haruna Kayondo ne muwala we Nantongo battibwa mukifo awaali obulumbaganyi.Abooluganda lwa Brenda bonna beetaba mu lumbe lwa Brenda Wamala Nantongo.<ref>Sam Waswa (1 June 2021). "General Katumba Wamala Attacked by Gunmen; Daughter Reported Dead". ''ChimpReports''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills 2". ''Deutsche Welle''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Katumba Wamala: Uganda minister shot in assassination attempt". ''BBC News''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver". ''The Guardian''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref>.Oluvannuma lw'omwezi ogw'okunoonyereza nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 2021, ab'obuyinza baalaga nti abalumbaganyi baali basiraamu ba nalukalala abantendekembwa mu nkabi ya ba Jihaadi mu Kivu ey'Obukiika kkono e [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]] era balina akakwate ku ggye lya [[Allied Democratic Forces]] (ADF) ne [[Islamic State]].<ref>"Uganda links Islamist rebels to attempted murder of minister". ''Reuters''. 1 July 2021.</ref> [[President of Uganda|Pulezidenti wa Uganda]] [[Yoweri Museveni]] yavumirira obulumbaganyi, bweyannyonyola "ng'omulimu gw' embizi ezitawa bulamu muwendo" == Okuwummula okuva mu ggye Lya UPDF == Mu Gwomunaana 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 47 egy'omuddiriȠȠana egy'obuweereza bw'eggye ly'eggwanga Genereo Katumba wamala waakuwummula okuva mu ggye ly'eggwanaga (UPDF) eyo ng'omwaka gunaatera okuggwako. Agenda mu maaso okuweereza nga minisita mu kabbineeti ya Uganda.<ref>Dan Wandera (9 August 2026). "Gen Katumba honoured ahead of UPDF retirement". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>Rogers Atukunda (10 August 2026). "Katumba Wamala Marks 47 Years of Military Service Ppays Tribute To Museveni". ''SoftPower Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/video/a-look-at-gen-katumba-wamala-s-47-years-in-uniform-5565620</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1956]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] [[Category:Abaganda]] [[Category:Abaduumizi ba police ya Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Uganda Millitary Academy]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army and General Staff College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku the Command and General staff College abatali Bamerica]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army War College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Tanzania Military Academy]] [[Category:Baminisita ba gavumenti ya Uganda]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'omwenda]] [[Category:Bagenero ba Uganda]] [[Category:Abakoseddwa ebikolwa by'obumenyi bw'amateeka]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda ab'emirimu gya gavumenti]] 5zlffmjbeb57c8cbsy3b2kfq7khx77k 74192 74191 2026-09-09T13:47:03Z Ssebuufu 9882 Ngasseeko ettuluba 74192 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg|thumb|Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg]] '''Edward Katumba Wamala''' (yazaalibwa 19 ogwekkuminoogumu 1956) asinga kumanyibwa nga '''Katumba Wamala''' munnamaggye eyagannyuka era munnabyabufuzi Munnayuganda aweereza nga Minisita w'Abakozi ba gavumenti kabbineeti ya Uganda, okuva nga 26 Ogwokutaana 2026.<ref>"Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle". ''Daily Monitor''. 26 May 2026. Retrieved 16 July 2026.</ref><ref>"Museveni hails retiring UPDF generals for building peace and security". ''Monitor''. 21 August 2026. Retrieved 23 August 2026.</ref> Nga tannatuuka mu kifo kye kyalimu mu kiseera kino ,Katumba Wamala yaweereza nga minisita omubeezi ow'eby'emirimu mu kabbineeti ya [[Uganda]].<ref>Taddeo Bwambale (10 January 2017). "Muhoozi Replaces Katumba As Army Chief". ''New Vision''. Kampala. Retrieved 10 June 2017.</ref> Era yaweerezaako nga Chief of Staff ow'eggye lya Uganda li Uganda Peoples Defense Forces (UPDF) okuva 2013 okutuusa 2017 ng'era yeeyali omuduumizi w'eggye lya Uganda eryokuttaka okuva mu 2005 okutuusa 2013.<ref name=":1">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/lt-gen-katumba-wamala-from-an-aspiring-doctor-to-an-army-general-1525652</ref>Era yaweerezaako ng'omuduumizi wa poliisi ya Uganda (IGP) eddaala erisinga okuba era waggulu mu ttabi ero erya gavumenti ya Uganda, okuva mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Wamala yeeyali omujaasi w'eggye lya UPDF eyasooka okuweereza ng'omuduumizi poliisi ya Uganda, ng'akyaweereza mu maggye nga tasoose kulekulira. Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba yasimattuka okugezaako okumutemula, mu Kisaasi ekisangibwa mu nkingizi za [[Kampala]], abasajja ababagalidde emmundu bwebaamulumba nebamutuusaako ebisago, okutta muwalawe ne ddereeva, nebamulekera ebiwundu by'amasasi ku bibegaabega byombi.<ref>"Katumba Wamala shooting: Uganda minister's daughter killed". ''news.yahoo.com''. Retrieved 7 June 2021.</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/01/ugandan-minister-hurt-in-assassination-bid-that-killed-his-daughter</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwekkuminoogumu mu mwaka gwa 1956 e Bweeza mu [[Kalangala (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] mu Bizinga by'e Ssese, mu Ttundutundu lya [[Buganda]], [[Uganda]] <ref>Candia, Steven (31 October 2005). "Police Will Miss Katumba Wamala". New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>.Okusoma yakutandikira ku Nakibizzi primary school (Ku lw'e Jinja).Nera yasomera ku St. James nga kati ssomero lya siniya mu Jinja) n'e Bukomero mwannyina gyeyali omusomesa.<ref name=":1" /> Okusoma kwa pulayimale oluvannyuma yakumalirako ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kampala]] mugandawe ne maama we gyebaali basengukidde.Ku mutendera gwa siniya, Katumba agamba teyatambula nnyo engeri gye yatebenkera ku [https://www.oldkampalass.sc.ug/ Old Kampala Secondary School] emyaka mukaaga.<ref name=":1" /> Ng'ali ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School, Katumba agamba nti yayiga essomo erimulinnyisizza amadaala ag'amaanyi." Nasaba omusomesa olukusa okugenda okwetewuluzaako. Omusomesa teyamanya nti nali njagala kufuna kifo kisirifu okusomeramu akatabo, nenkwatibwa omukulu w'essomero mwami Wakatamba . Namulimba nti nali nfunye olukusa okuva ew'omusomesa naye oluvannyuma olw'okwebuusa naakizuula nti nali nnimba, yantwala mu offiisi ye nangalamiza ku mmeeza empanvu nanswanyuula embooko ttaano olw'okukola ekintu ekituufu mu kiseera ekikyamu ne mu kifo ekikyamu" Katumba bwagamba<ref name=":0">https://www.independent.co.ug/gen-edward-katumba-wamala/</ref> Essomo ero lyansigalamu nti nebwenafuulibwa omuduumizi wa poliisi, nagenda okukyalira mwami Wakatamba-Omukulu w'essomero okumusiima naye namusiȠȠaana mu mbeera nga tasobola kuntegeera.<ref name=":0" /> Katumba Wamala alina satifikeeti mu by'obulimi.<ref>https://hicginewsagency.com/2015/06/22/uganda-chief-of-defense-forces-gen-katumba-wamala-with-hon-kivumbi-earnest-benjamin/</ref> Mu 2007, yatikkirwa okuva mu [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] ne Ddiguli esooka mu nkolagana y'amawanga n'enkola z'amawanga okuteeseganya. Alina ne Ddiguli eyokubiri mu bukulembeze obw'okulengera embeera eyomumaaso ([[Master of Science degree in strategic leadership]]) gye yafunira mu ttendekero li [[United States Army War College]] .<ref>"The Chief of Defence Forces, Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala". ''specialforcescommand.go.ug''. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2015.</ref><ref>Tebajjukira, Madinah (22 April 2007). "Uganda: General Katumba Gets First Class Degree". New Vision via AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>Alina amabaluwa g'ekinnamagye okuva mu matendekero gano wammanga; [[Uganda Military Academy]], [[Tanzania Military Academy.]] waliwo n'ebbaluwa gye yafuna okuva tendekero ly'amagye erya [[Soviet Union,]] endala yagifunira mu [[Nigerian Command and staff College,]] ne mu [[United States Army command and staff College]], ssaako ne gye yafunira mu [[United States Army War College]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151223092033/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/463676</ref>Mu 2023, [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] yamuwa ekitiibwa ky'obwa Dokita mu kusiima ettofaali lyatadde ku kitundu kye, Eggwanga, n'abantu.<ref>Samuel Muhimba (26 October 2023). "Gen Katumba Wamala awarded honorary doctorate". ''Nile Post Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Wamala yali offiisa mu ggye lya [[Uganda National Liberation Army.(UNLA)]] ,eggye lya [[National Resistance Army]](NRA) bwe lyawangula [[Uganda National Liberation Front|UNLA]] mu mwaka gwa 1986. Bw'atyo yakyusa nadda mu NRA awataali kimutaataganya.<ref>Kato, Joshua (5 September 2005). "Rebels Turned UPDF Commanders". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Wakati wa 1999 ne 2000, Katumba yali muyizi mu ttendekero ly'amaggye erya [[U.S Army War college]] mu [[Carlisle County, Kentucky|Carlisle]], mu Pennsyvania. Wakati wa 2000 ne 2001,ng'ali ku ddaala lya [[Major General]], yaduumira eggye ly'eggwanga mu ggwanga lya [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]]. Yalondebwa ng'omuduumizi wa police mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Mu Gwomunaana 2003,Katumba yakiika mu lukungaana lw'ekibiina ekigatta Bannayuganda abawangaalirra mu North America lu UNAA mu [[Boston]], Massachusets.<ref>"Uganda: N. American Ugandans Meet". New Vision (Kampala). 2 September 2003. Retrieved 18 February 2026.</ref> Olwo yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya [[luteenanti general]] era naaweebwa eky'okudduumira eggye ly'eggwanga eryokuttaka erisangibwa mu bbalakisi y'amaggye e Bombo nekimufuula omu ku b'offiisa b'amagye abasinga obukulu mu ggye lya Uganda.<ref>Candia, Steven (3 November 2005). "Major General Kale Kaihura Takes Over Police Force". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Mu mulimu gwe nga omuduumizi w'amagye gookuttaka, yenyigira nnyo mu nteekateeka z'eggye erikuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]] ezimanyiddwa ennyo nga [[AMISOM]].<ref>Ayiga Ondoga (14 February 2010). "Over 1,700 UPDF Soldiers for Somalia". Kampala: New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>. Nga 23 Ogwokutaano 2013,yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya genero era naalondebwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'Eggwanga.<ref>John Tugume (24 May 2013). "General Katumba Wamala To Head The Uganda Army". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> == Okugezaako okumutemula. == Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba Wamala bwe yali agenda mu kibuga, abasajja bana abaali babagalidde emigemerawala baasindirira mmotoka ye amasasi mu Kisaasi, ku nkingizi za Kampala.Wamala yafiuna ebiwundu ku bibegaabega byombi, naye yasimattuka naddusibwa mu ddwaliro .Ddereeva we Haruna Kayondo ne muwala we Nantongo battibwa mukifo awaali obulumbaganyi.Abooluganda lwa Brenda bonna beetaba mu lumbe lwa Brenda Wamala Nantongo.<ref>Sam Waswa (1 June 2021). "General Katumba Wamala Attacked by Gunmen; Daughter Reported Dead". ''ChimpReports''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills 2". ''Deutsche Welle''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Katumba Wamala: Uganda minister shot in assassination attempt". ''BBC News''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver". ''The Guardian''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref>.Oluvannuma lw'omwezi ogw'okunoonyereza nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 2021, ab'obuyinza baalaga nti abalumbaganyi baali basiraamu ba nalukalala abantendekembwa mu nkabi ya ba Jihaadi mu Kivu ey'Obukiika kkono e [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]] era balina akakwate ku ggye lya [[Allied Democratic Forces]] (ADF) ne [[Islamic State]].<ref>"Uganda links Islamist rebels to attempted murder of minister". ''Reuters''. 1 July 2021.</ref> [[President of Uganda|Pulezidenti wa Uganda]] [[Yoweri Museveni]] yavumirira obulumbaganyi, bweyannyonyola "ng'omulimu gw' embizi ezitawa bulamu muwendo" == Okuwummula okuva mu ggye Lya UPDF == Mu Gwomunaana 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 47 egy'omuddiriȠȠana egy'obuweereza bw'eggye ly'eggwanga Genereo Katumba wamala waakuwummula okuva mu ggye ly'eggwanaga (UPDF) eyo ng'omwaka gunaatera okuggwako. Agenda mu maaso okuweereza nga minisita mu kabbineeti ya Uganda.<ref>Dan Wandera (9 August 2026). "Gen Katumba honoured ahead of UPDF retirement". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>Rogers Atukunda (10 August 2026). "Katumba Wamala Marks 47 Years of Military Service Ppays Tribute To Museveni". ''SoftPower Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/video/a-look-at-gen-katumba-wamala-s-47-years-in-uniform-5565620</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1956]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] [[Category:Abaganda]] [[Category:Abaduumizi ba police ya Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Uganda Millitary Academy]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army and General Staff College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku the Command and General staff College abatali Bamerica]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army War College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Tanzania Military Academy]] [[Category:Baminisita ba gavumenti ya Uganda]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'omwenda]] [[Category:Bagenero ba Uganda]] [[Category:Abakoseddwa ebikolwa by'obumenyi bw'amateeka]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda ab'emirimu gya gavumenti]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda ab'ebyentambula]] iu827ncbwb7o7o8irwlnvpcvhk2an42 74194 74192 2026-09-09T13:48:50Z Ssebuufu 9882 Ngasseeko ettuluba 74194 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg|thumb|Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg]] '''Edward Katumba Wamala''' (yazaalibwa 19 ogwekkuminoogumu 1956) asinga kumanyibwa nga '''Katumba Wamala''' munnamaggye eyagannyuka era munnabyabufuzi Munnayuganda aweereza nga Minisita w'Abakozi ba gavumenti kabbineeti ya Uganda, okuva nga 26 Ogwokutaana 2026.<ref>"Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle". ''Daily Monitor''. 26 May 2026. Retrieved 16 July 2026.</ref><ref>"Museveni hails retiring UPDF generals for building peace and security". ''Monitor''. 21 August 2026. Retrieved 23 August 2026.</ref> Nga tannatuuka mu kifo kye kyalimu mu kiseera kino ,Katumba Wamala yaweereza nga minisita omubeezi ow'eby'emirimu mu kabbineeti ya [[Uganda]].<ref>Taddeo Bwambale (10 January 2017). "Muhoozi Replaces Katumba As Army Chief". ''New Vision''. Kampala. Retrieved 10 June 2017.</ref> Era yaweerezaako nga Chief of Staff ow'eggye lya Uganda li Uganda Peoples Defense Forces (UPDF) okuva 2013 okutuusa 2017 ng'era yeeyali omuduumizi w'eggye lya Uganda eryokuttaka okuva mu 2005 okutuusa 2013.<ref name=":1">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/lt-gen-katumba-wamala-from-an-aspiring-doctor-to-an-army-general-1525652</ref>Era yaweerezaako ng'omuduumizi wa poliisi ya Uganda (IGP) eddaala erisinga okuba era waggulu mu ttabi ero erya gavumenti ya Uganda, okuva mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Wamala yeeyali omujaasi w'eggye lya UPDF eyasooka okuweereza ng'omuduumizi poliisi ya Uganda, ng'akyaweereza mu maggye nga tasoose kulekulira. Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba yasimattuka okugezaako okumutemula, mu Kisaasi ekisangibwa mu nkingizi za [[Kampala]], abasajja ababagalidde emmundu bwebaamulumba nebamutuusaako ebisago, okutta muwalawe ne ddereeva, nebamulekera ebiwundu by'amasasi ku bibegaabega byombi.<ref>"Katumba Wamala shooting: Uganda minister's daughter killed". ''news.yahoo.com''. Retrieved 7 June 2021.</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/01/ugandan-minister-hurt-in-assassination-bid-that-killed-his-daughter</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwekkuminoogumu mu mwaka gwa 1956 e Bweeza mu [[Kalangala (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] mu Bizinga by'e Ssese, mu Ttundutundu lya [[Buganda]], [[Uganda]] <ref>Candia, Steven (31 October 2005). "Police Will Miss Katumba Wamala". New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>.Okusoma yakutandikira ku Nakibizzi primary school (Ku lw'e Jinja).Nera yasomera ku St. James nga kati ssomero lya siniya mu Jinja) n'e Bukomero mwannyina gyeyali omusomesa.<ref name=":1" /> Okusoma kwa pulayimale oluvannyuma yakumalirako ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kampala]] mugandawe ne maama we gyebaali basengukidde.Ku mutendera gwa siniya, Katumba agamba teyatambula nnyo engeri gye yatebenkera ku [https://www.oldkampalass.sc.ug/ Old Kampala Secondary School] emyaka mukaaga.<ref name=":1" /> Ng'ali ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School, Katumba agamba nti yayiga essomo erimulinnyisizza amadaala ag'amaanyi." Nasaba omusomesa olukusa okugenda okwetewuluzaako. Omusomesa teyamanya nti nali njagala kufuna kifo kisirifu okusomeramu akatabo, nenkwatibwa omukulu w'essomero mwami Wakatamba . Namulimba nti nali nfunye olukusa okuva ew'omusomesa naye oluvannyuma olw'okwebuusa naakizuula nti nali nnimba, yantwala mu offiisi ye nangalamiza ku mmeeza empanvu nanswanyuula embooko ttaano olw'okukola ekintu ekituufu mu kiseera ekikyamu ne mu kifo ekikyamu" Katumba bwagamba<ref name=":0">https://www.independent.co.ug/gen-edward-katumba-wamala/</ref> Essomo ero lyansigalamu nti nebwenafuulibwa omuduumizi wa poliisi, nagenda okukyalira mwami Wakatamba-Omukulu w'essomero okumusiima naye namusiȠȠaana mu mbeera nga tasobola kuntegeera.<ref name=":0" /> Katumba Wamala alina satifikeeti mu by'obulimi.<ref>https://hicginewsagency.com/2015/06/22/uganda-chief-of-defense-forces-gen-katumba-wamala-with-hon-kivumbi-earnest-benjamin/</ref> Mu 2007, yatikkirwa okuva mu [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] ne Ddiguli esooka mu nkolagana y'amawanga n'enkola z'amawanga okuteeseganya. Alina ne Ddiguli eyokubiri mu bukulembeze obw'okulengera embeera eyomumaaso ([[Master of Science degree in strategic leadership]]) gye yafunira mu ttendekero li [[United States Army War College]] .<ref>"The Chief of Defence Forces, Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala". ''specialforcescommand.go.ug''. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2015.</ref><ref>Tebajjukira, Madinah (22 April 2007). "Uganda: General Katumba Gets First Class Degree". New Vision via AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>Alina amabaluwa g'ekinnamagye okuva mu matendekero gano wammanga; [[Uganda Military Academy]], [[Tanzania Military Academy.]] waliwo n'ebbaluwa gye yafuna okuva tendekero ly'amagye erya [[Soviet Union,]] endala yagifunira mu [[Nigerian Command and staff College,]] ne mu [[United States Army command and staff College]], ssaako ne gye yafunira mu [[United States Army War College]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151223092033/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/463676</ref>Mu 2023, [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] yamuwa ekitiibwa ky'obwa Dokita mu kusiima ettofaali lyatadde ku kitundu kye, Eggwanga, n'abantu.<ref>Samuel Muhimba (26 October 2023). "Gen Katumba Wamala awarded honorary doctorate". ''Nile Post Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Wamala yali offiisa mu ggye lya [[Uganda National Liberation Army.(UNLA)]] ,eggye lya [[National Resistance Army]](NRA) bwe lyawangula [[Uganda National Liberation Front|UNLA]] mu mwaka gwa 1986. Bw'atyo yakyusa nadda mu NRA awataali kimutaataganya.<ref>Kato, Joshua (5 September 2005). "Rebels Turned UPDF Commanders". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Wakati wa 1999 ne 2000, Katumba yali muyizi mu ttendekero ly'amaggye erya [[U.S Army War college]] mu [[Carlisle County, Kentucky|Carlisle]], mu Pennsyvania. Wakati wa 2000 ne 2001,ng'ali ku ddaala lya [[Major General]], yaduumira eggye ly'eggwanga mu ggwanga lya [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]]. Yalondebwa ng'omuduumizi wa police mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Mu Gwomunaana 2003,Katumba yakiika mu lukungaana lw'ekibiina ekigatta Bannayuganda abawangaalirra mu North America lu UNAA mu [[Boston]], Massachusets.<ref>"Uganda: N. American Ugandans Meet". New Vision (Kampala). 2 September 2003. Retrieved 18 February 2026.</ref> Olwo yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya [[luteenanti general]] era naaweebwa eky'okudduumira eggye ly'eggwanga eryokuttaka erisangibwa mu bbalakisi y'amaggye e Bombo nekimufuula omu ku b'offiisa b'amagye abasinga obukulu mu ggye lya Uganda.<ref>Candia, Steven (3 November 2005). "Major General Kale Kaihura Takes Over Police Force". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Mu mulimu gwe nga omuduumizi w'amagye gookuttaka, yenyigira nnyo mu nteekateeka z'eggye erikuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]] ezimanyiddwa ennyo nga [[AMISOM]].<ref>Ayiga Ondoga (14 February 2010). "Over 1,700 UPDF Soldiers for Somalia". Kampala: New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>. Nga 23 Ogwokutaano 2013,yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya genero era naalondebwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'Eggwanga.<ref>John Tugume (24 May 2013). "General Katumba Wamala To Head The Uganda Army". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> == Okugezaako okumutemula. == Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba Wamala bwe yali agenda mu kibuga, abasajja bana abaali babagalidde emigemerawala baasindirira mmotoka ye amasasi mu Kisaasi, ku nkingizi za Kampala.Wamala yafiuna ebiwundu ku bibegaabega byombi, naye yasimattuka naddusibwa mu ddwaliro .Ddereeva we Haruna Kayondo ne muwala we Nantongo battibwa mukifo awaali obulumbaganyi.Abooluganda lwa Brenda bonna beetaba mu lumbe lwa Brenda Wamala Nantongo.<ref>Sam Waswa (1 June 2021). "General Katumba Wamala Attacked by Gunmen; Daughter Reported Dead". ''ChimpReports''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills 2". ''Deutsche Welle''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Katumba Wamala: Uganda minister shot in assassination attempt". ''BBC News''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver". ''The Guardian''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref>.Oluvannuma lw'omwezi ogw'okunoonyereza nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 2021, ab'obuyinza baalaga nti abalumbaganyi baali basiraamu ba nalukalala abantendekembwa mu nkabi ya ba Jihaadi mu Kivu ey'Obukiika kkono e [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]] era balina akakwate ku ggye lya [[Allied Democratic Forces]] (ADF) ne [[Islamic State]].<ref>"Uganda links Islamist rebels to attempted murder of minister". ''Reuters''. 1 July 2021.</ref> [[President of Uganda|Pulezidenti wa Uganda]] [[Yoweri Museveni]] yavumirira obulumbaganyi, bweyannyonyola "ng'omulimu gw' embizi ezitawa bulamu muwendo" == Okuwummula okuva mu ggye Lya UPDF == Mu Gwomunaana 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 47 egy'omuddiriȠȠana egy'obuweereza bw'eggye ly'eggwanga Genereo Katumba wamala waakuwummula okuva mu ggye ly'eggwanaga (UPDF) eyo ng'omwaka gunaatera okuggwako. Agenda mu maaso okuweereza nga minisita mu kabbineeti ya Uganda.<ref>Dan Wandera (9 August 2026). "Gen Katumba honoured ahead of UPDF retirement". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>Rogers Atukunda (10 August 2026). "Katumba Wamala Marks 47 Years of Military Service Ppays Tribute To Museveni". ''SoftPower Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/video/a-look-at-gen-katumba-wamala-s-47-years-in-uniform-5565620</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1956]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] [[Category:Abaganda]] [[Category:Abaduumizi ba police ya Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Uganda Millitary Academy]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army and General Staff College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku the Command and General staff College abatali Bamerica]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army War College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Tanzania Military Academy]] [[Category:Baminisita ba gavumenti ya Uganda]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'omwenda]] [[Category:Bagenero ba Uganda]] [[Category:Abakoseddwa ebikolwa by'obumenyi bw'amateeka]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda ab'emirimu gya gavumenti]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda ab'ebyentambula]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] iis98cvan3j01kjq1t2rdov012wgd2o 74195 74194 2026-09-09T13:50:34Z Ssebuufu 9882 Ngasseeko ettuluba 74195 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg|thumb|Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg]] '''Edward Katumba Wamala''' (yazaalibwa 19 ogwekkuminoogumu 1956) asinga kumanyibwa nga '''Katumba Wamala''' munnamaggye eyagannyuka era munnabyabufuzi Munnayuganda aweereza nga Minisita w'Abakozi ba gavumenti kabbineeti ya Uganda, okuva nga 26 Ogwokutaana 2026.<ref>"Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle". ''Daily Monitor''. 26 May 2026. Retrieved 16 July 2026.</ref><ref>"Museveni hails retiring UPDF generals for building peace and security". ''Monitor''. 21 August 2026. Retrieved 23 August 2026.</ref> Nga tannatuuka mu kifo kye kyalimu mu kiseera kino ,Katumba Wamala yaweereza nga minisita omubeezi ow'eby'emirimu mu kabbineeti ya [[Uganda]].<ref>Taddeo Bwambale (10 January 2017). "Muhoozi Replaces Katumba As Army Chief". ''New Vision''. Kampala. Retrieved 10 June 2017.</ref> Era yaweerezaako nga Chief of Staff ow'eggye lya Uganda li Uganda Peoples Defense Forces (UPDF) okuva 2013 okutuusa 2017 ng'era yeeyali omuduumizi w'eggye lya Uganda eryokuttaka okuva mu 2005 okutuusa 2013.<ref name=":1">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/lt-gen-katumba-wamala-from-an-aspiring-doctor-to-an-army-general-1525652</ref>Era yaweerezaako ng'omuduumizi wa poliisi ya Uganda (IGP) eddaala erisinga okuba era waggulu mu ttabi ero erya gavumenti ya Uganda, okuva mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Wamala yeeyali omujaasi w'eggye lya UPDF eyasooka okuweereza ng'omuduumizi poliisi ya Uganda, ng'akyaweereza mu maggye nga tasoose kulekulira. Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba yasimattuka okugezaako okumutemula, mu Kisaasi ekisangibwa mu nkingizi za [[Kampala]], abasajja ababagalidde emmundu bwebaamulumba nebamutuusaako ebisago, okutta muwalawe ne ddereeva, nebamulekera ebiwundu by'amasasi ku bibegaabega byombi.<ref>"Katumba Wamala shooting: Uganda minister's daughter killed". ''news.yahoo.com''. Retrieved 7 June 2021.</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/01/ugandan-minister-hurt-in-assassination-bid-that-killed-his-daughter</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwekkuminoogumu mu mwaka gwa 1956 e Bweeza mu [[Kalangala (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] mu Bizinga by'e Ssese, mu Ttundutundu lya [[Buganda]], [[Uganda]] <ref>Candia, Steven (31 October 2005). "Police Will Miss Katumba Wamala". New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>.Okusoma yakutandikira ku Nakibizzi primary school (Ku lw'e Jinja).Nera yasomera ku St. James nga kati ssomero lya siniya mu Jinja) n'e Bukomero mwannyina gyeyali omusomesa.<ref name=":1" /> Okusoma kwa pulayimale oluvannyuma yakumalirako ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kampala]] mugandawe ne maama we gyebaali basengukidde.Ku mutendera gwa siniya, Katumba agamba teyatambula nnyo engeri gye yatebenkera ku [https://www.oldkampalass.sc.ug/ Old Kampala Secondary School] emyaka mukaaga.<ref name=":1" /> Ng'ali ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School, Katumba agamba nti yayiga essomo erimulinnyisizza amadaala ag'amaanyi." Nasaba omusomesa olukusa okugenda okwetewuluzaako. Omusomesa teyamanya nti nali njagala kufuna kifo kisirifu okusomeramu akatabo, nenkwatibwa omukulu w'essomero mwami Wakatamba . Namulimba nti nali nfunye olukusa okuva ew'omusomesa naye oluvannyuma olw'okwebuusa naakizuula nti nali nnimba, yantwala mu offiisi ye nangalamiza ku mmeeza empanvu nanswanyuula embooko ttaano olw'okukola ekintu ekituufu mu kiseera ekikyamu ne mu kifo ekikyamu" Katumba bwagamba<ref name=":0">https://www.independent.co.ug/gen-edward-katumba-wamala/</ref> Essomo ero lyansigalamu nti nebwenafuulibwa omuduumizi wa poliisi, nagenda okukyalira mwami Wakatamba-Omukulu w'essomero okumusiima naye namusiȠȠaana mu mbeera nga tasobola kuntegeera.<ref name=":0" /> Katumba Wamala alina satifikeeti mu by'obulimi.<ref>https://hicginewsagency.com/2015/06/22/uganda-chief-of-defense-forces-gen-katumba-wamala-with-hon-kivumbi-earnest-benjamin/</ref> Mu 2007, yatikkirwa okuva mu [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] ne Ddiguli esooka mu nkolagana y'amawanga n'enkola z'amawanga okuteeseganya. Alina ne Ddiguli eyokubiri mu bukulembeze obw'okulengera embeera eyomumaaso ([[Master of Science degree in strategic leadership]]) gye yafunira mu ttendekero li [[United States Army War College]] .<ref>"The Chief of Defence Forces, Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala". ''specialforcescommand.go.ug''. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2015.</ref><ref>Tebajjukira, Madinah (22 April 2007). "Uganda: General Katumba Gets First Class Degree". New Vision via AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>Alina amabaluwa g'ekinnamagye okuva mu matendekero gano wammanga; [[Uganda Military Academy]], [[Tanzania Military Academy.]] waliwo n'ebbaluwa gye yafuna okuva tendekero ly'amagye erya [[Soviet Union,]] endala yagifunira mu [[Nigerian Command and staff College,]] ne mu [[United States Army command and staff College]], ssaako ne gye yafunira mu [[United States Army War College]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151223092033/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/463676</ref>Mu 2023, [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] yamuwa ekitiibwa ky'obwa Dokita mu kusiima ettofaali lyatadde ku kitundu kye, Eggwanga, n'abantu.<ref>Samuel Muhimba (26 October 2023). "Gen Katumba Wamala awarded honorary doctorate". ''Nile Post Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Wamala yali offiisa mu ggye lya [[Uganda National Liberation Army.(UNLA)]] ,eggye lya [[National Resistance Army]](NRA) bwe lyawangula [[Uganda National Liberation Front|UNLA]] mu mwaka gwa 1986. Bw'atyo yakyusa nadda mu NRA awataali kimutaataganya.<ref>Kato, Joshua (5 September 2005). "Rebels Turned UPDF Commanders". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Wakati wa 1999 ne 2000, Katumba yali muyizi mu ttendekero ly'amaggye erya [[U.S Army War college]] mu [[Carlisle County, Kentucky|Carlisle]], mu Pennsyvania. Wakati wa 2000 ne 2001,ng'ali ku ddaala lya [[Major General]], yaduumira eggye ly'eggwanga mu ggwanga lya [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]]. Yalondebwa ng'omuduumizi wa police mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Mu Gwomunaana 2003,Katumba yakiika mu lukungaana lw'ekibiina ekigatta Bannayuganda abawangaalirra mu North America lu UNAA mu [[Boston]], Massachusets.<ref>"Uganda: N. American Ugandans Meet". New Vision (Kampala). 2 September 2003. Retrieved 18 February 2026.</ref> Olwo yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya [[luteenanti general]] era naaweebwa eky'okudduumira eggye ly'eggwanga eryokuttaka erisangibwa mu bbalakisi y'amaggye e Bombo nekimufuula omu ku b'offiisa b'amagye abasinga obukulu mu ggye lya Uganda.<ref>Candia, Steven (3 November 2005). "Major General Kale Kaihura Takes Over Police Force". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Mu mulimu gwe nga omuduumizi w'amagye gookuttaka, yenyigira nnyo mu nteekateeka z'eggye erikuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]] ezimanyiddwa ennyo nga [[AMISOM]].<ref>Ayiga Ondoga (14 February 2010). "Over 1,700 UPDF Soldiers for Somalia". Kampala: New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>. Nga 23 Ogwokutaano 2013,yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya genero era naalondebwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'Eggwanga.<ref>John Tugume (24 May 2013). "General Katumba Wamala To Head The Uganda Army". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> == Okugezaako okumutemula. == Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba Wamala bwe yali agenda mu kibuga, abasajja bana abaali babagalidde emigemerawala baasindirira mmotoka ye amasasi mu Kisaasi, ku nkingizi za Kampala.Wamala yafiuna ebiwundu ku bibegaabega byombi, naye yasimattuka naddusibwa mu ddwaliro .Ddereeva we Haruna Kayondo ne muwala we Nantongo battibwa mukifo awaali obulumbaganyi.Abooluganda lwa Brenda bonna beetaba mu lumbe lwa Brenda Wamala Nantongo.<ref>Sam Waswa (1 June 2021). "General Katumba Wamala Attacked by Gunmen; Daughter Reported Dead". ''ChimpReports''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills 2". ''Deutsche Welle''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Katumba Wamala: Uganda minister shot in assassination attempt". ''BBC News''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver". ''The Guardian''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref>.Oluvannuma lw'omwezi ogw'okunoonyereza nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 2021, ab'obuyinza baalaga nti abalumbaganyi baali basiraamu ba nalukalala abantendekembwa mu nkabi ya ba Jihaadi mu Kivu ey'Obukiika kkono e [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]] era balina akakwate ku ggye lya [[Allied Democratic Forces]] (ADF) ne [[Islamic State]].<ref>"Uganda links Islamist rebels to attempted murder of minister". ''Reuters''. 1 July 2021.</ref> [[President of Uganda|Pulezidenti wa Uganda]] [[Yoweri Museveni]] yavumirira obulumbaganyi, bweyannyonyola "ng'omulimu gw' embizi ezitawa bulamu muwendo" == Okuwummula okuva mu ggye Lya UPDF == Mu Gwomunaana 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 47 egy'omuddiriȠȠana egy'obuweereza bw'eggye ly'eggwanga Genereo Katumba wamala waakuwummula okuva mu ggye ly'eggwanaga (UPDF) eyo ng'omwaka gunaatera okuggwako. Agenda mu maaso okuweereza nga minisita mu kabbineeti ya Uganda.<ref>Dan Wandera (9 August 2026). "Gen Katumba honoured ahead of UPDF retirement". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>Rogers Atukunda (10 August 2026). "Katumba Wamala Marks 47 Years of Military Service Ppays Tribute To Museveni". ''SoftPower Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/video/a-look-at-gen-katumba-wamala-s-47-years-in-uniform-5565620</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1956]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] [[Category:Abaganda]] [[Category:Abaduumizi ba police ya Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Uganda Millitary Academy]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army and General Staff College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku the Command and General staff College abatali Bamerica]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army War College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Tanzania Military Academy]] [[Category:Baminisita ba gavumenti ya Uganda]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'omwenda]] [[Category:Bagenero ba Uganda]] [[Category:Abakoseddwa ebikolwa by'obumenyi bw'amateeka]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda ab'emirimu gya gavumenti]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda ab'ebyentambula]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] [[Category:Abaduumizi abokuntikkpo ab'eggye (Uganda)]] 39f0ekvoy29yx7g722vi4fusea2zbb2 74198 74195 2026-09-09T13:57:39Z Ssebuufu 9882 /* Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia */ 74198 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg|thumb|Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg]] '''Edward Katumba Wamala''' (yazaalibwa 19 ogwekkuminoogumu 1956) asinga kumanyibwa nga '''Katumba Wamala''' munnamaggye eyagannyuka era munnabyabufuzi Munnayuganda aweereza nga Minisita w'Abakozi ba gavumenti kabbineeti ya Uganda, okuva nga 26 Ogwokutaana 2026.<ref>"Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle". ''Daily Monitor''. 26 May 2026. Retrieved 16 July 2026.</ref><ref>"Museveni hails retiring UPDF generals for building peace and security". ''Monitor''. 21 August 2026. Retrieved 23 August 2026.</ref> Nga tannatuuka mu kifo kye kyalimu mu kiseera kino ,Katumba Wamala yaweereza nga minisita omubeezi ow'eby'emirimu mu kabbineeti ya [[Uganda]].<ref>Taddeo Bwambale (10 January 2017). "Muhoozi Replaces Katumba As Army Chief". ''New Vision''. Kampala. Retrieved 10 June 2017.</ref> Era yaweerezaako nga Chief of Staff ow'eggye lya Uganda li Uganda Peoples Defense Forces (UPDF) okuva 2013 okutuusa 2017 ng'era yeeyali omuduumizi w'eggye lya Uganda eryokuttaka okuva mu 2005 okutuusa 2013.<ref name=":1">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/lt-gen-katumba-wamala-from-an-aspiring-doctor-to-an-army-general-1525652</ref>Era yaweerezaako ng'omuduumizi wa poliisi ya Uganda (IGP) eddaala erisinga okuba era waggulu mu ttabi ero erya gavumenti ya Uganda, okuva mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Wamala yeeyali omujaasi w'eggye lya UPDF eyasooka okuweereza ng'omuduumizi poliisi ya Uganda, ng'akyaweereza mu maggye nga tasoose kulekulira. Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba yasimattuka okugezaako okumutemula, mu Kisaasi ekisangibwa mu nkingizi za [[Kampala]], abasajja ababagalidde emmundu bwebaamulumba nebamutuusaako ebisago, okutta muwalawe ne ddereeva, nebamulekera ebiwundu by'amasasi ku bibegaabega byombi.<ref>"Katumba Wamala shooting: Uganda minister's daughter killed". ''news.yahoo.com''. Retrieved 7 June 2021.</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/01/ugandan-minister-hurt-in-assassination-bid-that-killed-his-daughter</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwekkuminoogumu mu mwaka gwa 1956 e Bweeza mu [[Kalangala (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] mu Bizinga by'e Ssese, mu Ttundutundu lya [[Buganda]], [[Uganda]] <ref>Candia, Steven (31 October 2005). "Police Will Miss Katumba Wamala". New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>.Okusoma yakutandikira ku Nakibizzi primary school (Ku lw'e Jinja).Nera yasomera ku St. James nga kati ssomero lya siniya mu Jinja) n'e Bukomero mwannyina gyeyali omusomesa.<ref name=":1" /> Okusoma kwa pulayimale oluvannyuma yakumalirako ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kampala]] mugandawe ne maama we gyebaali basengukidde.Ku mutendera gwa siniya, Katumba agamba teyatambula nnyo engeri gye yatebenkera ku [https://www.oldkampalass.sc.ug/ Old Kampala Secondary School] emyaka mukaaga.<ref name=":1" /> Ng'ali ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School, Katumba agamba nti yayiga essomo erimulinnyisizza amadaala ag'amaanyi." Nasaba omusomesa olukusa okugenda okwetewuluzaako. Omusomesa teyamanya nti nali njagala kufuna kifo kisirifu okusomeramu akatabo, nenkwatibwa omukulu w'essomero mwami Wakatamba . Namulimba nti nali nfunye olukusa okuva ew'omusomesa naye oluvannyuma olw'okwebuusa naakizuula nti nali nnimba, yantwala mu offiisi ye nangalamiza ku mmeeza empanvu nanswanyuula embooko ttaano olw'okukola ekintu ekituufu mu kiseera ekikyamu ne mu kifo ekikyamu" Katumba bwagamba<ref name=":0">https://www.independent.co.ug/gen-edward-katumba-wamala/</ref> Essomo ero lyansigalamu nti nebwenafuulibwa omuduumizi wa poliisi, nagenda okukyalira mwami Wakatamba-Omukulu w'essomero okumusiima naye namusiȠȠaana mu mbeera nga tasobola kuntegeera.<ref name=":0" /> Katumba Wamala alina satifikeeti mu by'obulimi.<ref>https://hicginewsagency.com/2015/06/22/uganda-chief-of-defense-forces-gen-katumba-wamala-with-hon-kivumbi-earnest-benjamin/</ref> Mu 2007, yatikkirwa okuva mu [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] ne Ddiguli esooka mu nkolagana y'amawanga n'enkola z'amawanga okuteeseganya. Alina ne Ddiguli eyokubiri mu bukulembeze obw'okulengera embeera eyomumaaso ([[Master of Science degree in strategic leadership]]) gye yafunira mu ttendekero li [[United States Army War College]] .<ref>"The Chief of Defence Forces, Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala". ''specialforcescommand.go.ug''. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2015.</ref><ref>Tebajjukira, Madinah (22 April 2007). "Uganda: General Katumba Gets First Class Degree". New Vision via AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>Alina amabaluwa g'ekinnamagye okuva mu matendekero gano wammanga; [[Uganda Military Academy]], [[Tanzania Military Academy.]] waliwo n'ebbaluwa gye yafuna okuva tendekero ly'amagye erya [[Soviet Union,]] endala yagifunira mu [[Nigerian Command and staff College,]] ne mu [[United States Army command and staff College]], ssaako ne gye yafunira mu [[United States Army War College]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151223092033/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/463676</ref>Mu 2023, [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] yamuwa ekitiibwa ky'obwa Dokita mu kusiima ettofaali lyatadde ku kitundu kye, Eggwanga, n'abantu.<ref>Samuel Muhimba (26 October 2023). "Gen Katumba Wamala awarded honorary doctorate". ''Nile Post Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Wamala yali offiisa mu ggye lya [[Uganda National Liberation Army.(UNLA)]] ,eggye lya [[National Resistance Army]](NRA) bwe lyawangula [[Uganda National Liberation Front|UNLA]] mu mwaka gwa 1986. Bw'atyo yakyusa nadda mu NRA awataali kimutaataganya.<ref>Kato, Joshua (5 September 2005). "Rebels Turned UPDF Commanders". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Wakati wa 1999 ne 2000, Katumba yali muyizi mu ttendekero ly'amaggye erya [[U.S Army War college]] mu [[Carlisle County, Kentucky|Carlisle]], mu Pennsyvania. Wakati wa 2000 ne 2001,ng'ali ku ddaala lya [[Major General]], yaduumira eggye ly'eggwanga mu ggwanga lya [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]]. Yalondebwa ng'omuduumizi wa police mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Mu Gwomunaana 2003,Katumba yakiika mu lukungaana lw'ekibiina ekigatta Bannayuganda abawangaalirra mu North America lu UNAA mu [[Boston]], Massachusets.<ref>"Uganda: N. American Ugandans Meet". New Vision (Kampala). 2 September 2003. Retrieved 18 February 2026.</ref> Olwo yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya [[luteenanti general]] era naaweebwa eky'okudduumira eggye ly'eggwanga eryokuttaka erisangibwa mu bbalakisi y'amaggye e Bombo nekimufuula omu ku b'offiisa b'amagye abasinga obukulu mu ggye lya Uganda.<ref>Candia, Steven (3 November 2005). "Major General Kale Kaihura Takes Over Police Force". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Mu mulimu gwe nga omuduumizi w'amagye gookuttaka, yenyigira nnyo mu nteekateeka z'eggye erikuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]] ezimanyiddwa ennyo nga [[AMISOM]].<ref>Ayiga Ondoga (14 February 2010). "Over 1,700 UPDF Soldiers for Somalia". Kampala: New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>. Nga 23 Ogwokutaano 2013,yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya genero era naalondebwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'Eggwanga.<ref>John Tugume (24 May 2013). "General Katumba Wamala To Head The Uganda Army". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> == Okugezaako okumutemula. == Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba Wamala bwe yali agenda mu kibuga, abasajja bana abaali babagalidde emigemerawala baasindirira mmotoka ye amasasi mu Kisaasi, ku nkingizi za Kampala.Wamala yafiuna ebiwundu ku bibegaabega byombi, naye yasimattuka naddusibwa mu ddwaliro .Ddereeva we Haruna Kayondo ne muwala we Nantongo battibwa mukifo awaali obulumbaganyi.Abooluganda lwa Brenda bonna beetaba mu lumbe lwa Brenda Wamala Nantongo.<ref>Sam Waswa (1 June 2021). "General Katumba Wamala Attacked by Gunmen; Daughter Reported Dead". ''ChimpReports''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills 2". ''Deutsche Welle''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Katumba Wamala: Uganda minister shot in assassination attempt". ''BBC News''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver". ''The Guardian''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref>.Oluvannuma lw'omwezi ogw'okunoonyereza nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 2021, ab'obuyinza baalaga nti abalumbaganyi baali basiraamu ba nalukalala abantendekembwa mu nkabi ya ba Jihaadi mu Kivu ey'Obukiika kkono e [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]] era balina akakwate ku ggye lya [[Allied Democratic Forces]] (ADF) ne [[Islamic State]].<ref>"Uganda links Islamist rebels to attempted murder of minister". ''Reuters''. 1 July 2021.</ref> [[President of Uganda|Pulezidenti wa Uganda]] [[Yoweri Museveni]] yavumirira obulumbaganyi, bweyannyonyola "ng'omulimu gw' embizi ezitawa bulamu muwendo" == Okuwummula okuva mu ggye Lya UPDF == Mu Gwomunaana 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 47 egy'omuddiriȠȠana egy'obuweereza bw'eggye ly'eggwanga Genereo Katumba wamala waakuwummula okuva mu ggye ly'eggwanaga (UPDF) eyo ng'omwaka gunaatera okuggwako. Agenda mu maaso okuweereza nga minisita mu kabbineeti ya Uganda.<ref>Dan Wandera (9 August 2026). "Gen Katumba honoured ahead of UPDF retirement". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>Rogers Atukunda (10 August 2026). "Katumba Wamala Marks 47 Years of Military Service Ppays Tribute To Museveni". ''SoftPower Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/video/a-look-at-gen-katumba-wamala-s-47-years-in-uniform-5565620</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == * [http://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=179 Ekibanja kya Genero Katumba Wamala ku kibanja ki Parliament.go.ug] [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1956]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] [[Category:Abaganda]] [[Category:Abaduumizi ba police ya Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Uganda Millitary Academy]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army and General Staff College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku the Command and General staff College abatali Bamerica]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army War College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Tanzania Military Academy]] [[Category:Baminisita ba gavumenti ya Uganda]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'omwenda]] [[Category:Bagenero ba Uganda]] [[Category:Abakoseddwa ebikolwa by'obumenyi bw'amateeka]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda ab'emirimu gya gavumenti]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda ab'ebyentambula]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] [[Category:Abaduumizi abokuntikkpo ab'eggye (Uganda)]] 8dqjpqzcf5ct5g7lqf748sly6i65a3s 74199 74198 2026-09-09T14:12:11Z Ssebuufu 9882 /* Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia */ 74199 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg|thumb|Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg]] '''Edward Katumba Wamala''' (yazaalibwa 19 ogwekkuminoogumu 1956) asinga kumanyibwa nga '''Katumba Wamala''' munnamaggye eyagannyuka era munnabyabufuzi Munnayuganda aweereza nga Minisita w'Abakozi ba gavumenti kabbineeti ya Uganda, okuva nga 26 Ogwokutaana 2026.<ref>"Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle". ''Daily Monitor''. 26 May 2026. Retrieved 16 July 2026.</ref><ref>"Museveni hails retiring UPDF generals for building peace and security". ''Monitor''. 21 August 2026. Retrieved 23 August 2026.</ref> Nga tannatuuka mu kifo kye kyalimu mu kiseera kino ,Katumba Wamala yaweereza nga minisita omubeezi ow'eby'emirimu mu kabbineeti ya [[Uganda]].<ref>Taddeo Bwambale (10 January 2017). "Muhoozi Replaces Katumba As Army Chief". ''New Vision''. Kampala. Retrieved 10 June 2017.</ref> Era yaweerezaako nga Chief of Staff ow'eggye lya Uganda li Uganda Peoples Defense Forces (UPDF) okuva 2013 okutuusa 2017 ng'era yeeyali omuduumizi w'eggye lya Uganda eryokuttaka okuva mu 2005 okutuusa 2013.<ref name=":1">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/lt-gen-katumba-wamala-from-an-aspiring-doctor-to-an-army-general-1525652</ref>Era yaweerezaako ng'omuduumizi wa poliisi ya Uganda (IGP) eddaala erisinga okuba era waggulu mu ttabi ero erya gavumenti ya Uganda, okuva mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Wamala yeeyali omujaasi w'eggye lya UPDF eyasooka okuweereza ng'omuduumizi poliisi ya Uganda, ng'akyaweereza mu maggye nga tasoose kulekulira. Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba yasimattuka okugezaako okumutemula, mu Kisaasi ekisangibwa mu nkingizi za [[Kampala]], abasajja ababagalidde emmundu bwebaamulumba nebamutuusaako ebisago, okutta muwalawe ne ddereeva, nebamulekera ebiwundu by'amasasi ku bibegaabega byombi.<ref>"Katumba Wamala shooting: Uganda minister's daughter killed". ''news.yahoo.com''. Retrieved 7 June 2021.</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/01/ugandan-minister-hurt-in-assassination-bid-that-killed-his-daughter</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwekkuminoogumu mu mwaka gwa 1956 e Bweeza mu [[Kalangala (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] mu Bizinga by'e Ssese, mu Ttundutundu lya [[Buganda]], [[Uganda]] <ref>Candia, Steven (31 October 2005). "Police Will Miss Katumba Wamala". New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>.Okusoma yakutandikira ku Nakibizzi primary school (Ku lw'e Jinja).Nera yasomera ku St. James nga kati ssomero lya siniya mu Jinja) n'e Bukomero mwannyina gyeyali omusomesa.<ref name=":1" /> Okusoma kwa pulayimale oluvannyuma yakumalirako ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kampala]] mugandawe ne maama we gyebaali basengukidde.Ku mutendera gwa siniya, Katumba agamba teyatambula nnyo engeri gye yatebenkera ku [https://www.oldkampalass.sc.ug/ Old Kampala Secondary School] emyaka mukaaga.<ref name=":1" /> Ng'ali ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School, Katumba agamba nti yayiga essomo erimulinnyisizza amadaala ag'amaanyi." Nasaba omusomesa olukusa okugenda okwetewuluzaako. Omusomesa teyamanya nti nali njagala kufuna kifo kisirifu okusomeramu akatabo, nenkwatibwa omukulu w'essomero mwami Wakatamba . Namulimba nti nali nfunye olukusa okuva ew'omusomesa naye oluvannyuma olw'okwebuusa naakizuula nti nali nnimba, yantwala mu offiisi ye nangalamiza ku mmeeza empanvu nanswanyuula embooko ttaano olw'okukola ekintu ekituufu mu kiseera ekikyamu ne mu kifo ekikyamu" Katumba bwagamba<ref name=":0">https://www.independent.co.ug/gen-edward-katumba-wamala/</ref> Essomo ero lyansigalamu nti nebwenafuulibwa omuduumizi wa poliisi, nagenda okukyalira mwami Wakatamba-Omukulu w'essomero okumusiima naye namusiȠȠaana mu mbeera nga tasobola kuntegeera.<ref name=":0" /> Katumba Wamala alina satifikeeti mu by'obulimi.<ref>https://hicginewsagency.com/2015/06/22/uganda-chief-of-defense-forces-gen-katumba-wamala-with-hon-kivumbi-earnest-benjamin/</ref> Mu 2007, yatikkirwa okuva mu [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] ne Ddiguli esooka mu nkolagana y'amawanga n'enkola z'amawanga okuteeseganya. Alina ne Ddiguli eyokubiri mu bukulembeze obw'okulengera embeera eyomumaaso ([[Master of Science degree in strategic leadership]]) gye yafunira mu ttendekero li [[United States Army War College]] .<ref>"The Chief of Defence Forces, Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala". ''specialforcescommand.go.ug''. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2015.</ref><ref>Tebajjukira, Madinah (22 April 2007). "Uganda: General Katumba Gets First Class Degree". New Vision via AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>Alina amabaluwa g'ekinnamagye okuva mu matendekero gano wammanga; [[Uganda Military Academy]], [[Tanzania Military Academy.]] waliwo n'ebbaluwa gye yafuna okuva tendekero ly'amagye erya [[Soviet Union,]] endala yagifunira mu [[Nigerian Command and staff College,]] ne mu [[United States Army command and staff College]], ssaako ne gye yafunira mu [[United States Army War College]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151223092033/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/463676</ref>Mu 2023, [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] yamuwa ekitiibwa ky'obwa Dokita mu kusiima ettofaali lyatadde ku kitundu kye, Eggwanga, n'abantu.<ref>Samuel Muhimba (26 October 2023). "Gen Katumba Wamala awarded honorary doctorate". ''Nile Post Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Wamala yali offiisa mu ggye lya [[Uganda National Liberation Army.(UNLA)]] ,eggye lya [[National Resistance Army]](NRA) bwe lyawangula [[Uganda National Liberation Front|UNLA]] mu mwaka gwa 1986. Bw'atyo yakyusa nadda mu NRA awataali kimutaataganya.<ref>Kato, Joshua (5 September 2005). "Rebels Turned UPDF Commanders". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Wakati wa 1999 ne 2000, Katumba yali muyizi mu ttendekero ly'amaggye erya [[U.S Army War college]] mu [[Carlisle County, Kentucky|Carlisle]], mu Pennsyvania. Wakati wa 2000 ne 2001,ng'ali ku ddaala lya [[Major General]], yaduumira eggye ly'eggwanga mu ggwanga lya [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]]. Yalondebwa ng'omuduumizi wa police mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Mu Gwomunaana 2003,Katumba yakiika mu lukungaana lw'ekibiina ekigatta Bannayuganda abawangaalirra mu North America lu UNAA mu [[Boston]], Massachusets.<ref>"Uganda: N. American Ugandans Meet". New Vision (Kampala). 2 September 2003. Retrieved 18 February 2026.</ref> Olwo yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya [[luteenanti general]] era naaweebwa eky'okudduumira eggye ly'eggwanga eryokuttaka erisangibwa mu bbalakisi y'amaggye e Bombo nekimufuula omu ku b'offiisa b'amagye abasinga obukulu mu ggye lya Uganda.<ref>Candia, Steven (3 November 2005). "Major General Kale Kaihura Takes Over Police Force". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Mu mulimu gwe nga omuduumizi w'amagye gookuttaka, yenyigira nnyo mu nteekateeka z'eggye erikuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]] ezimanyiddwa ennyo nga [[AMISOM]].<ref>Ayiga Ondoga (14 February 2010). "Over 1,700 UPDF Soldiers for Somalia". Kampala: New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>. Nga 23 Ogwokutaano 2013,yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya genero era naalondebwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'Eggwanga.<ref>John Tugume (24 May 2013). "General Katumba Wamala To Head The Uganda Army". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> == Okugezaako okumutemula. == Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba Wamala bwe yali agenda mu kibuga, abasajja bana abaali babagalidde emigemerawala baasindirira mmotoka ye amasasi mu Kisaasi, ku nkingizi za Kampala.Wamala yafiuna ebiwundu ku bibegaabega byombi, naye yasimattuka naddusibwa mu ddwaliro .Ddereeva we Haruna Kayondo ne muwala we Nantongo battibwa mukifo awaali obulumbaganyi.Abooluganda lwa Brenda bonna beetaba mu lumbe lwa Brenda Wamala Nantongo.<ref>Sam Waswa (1 June 2021). "General Katumba Wamala Attacked by Gunmen; Daughter Reported Dead". ''ChimpReports''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills 2". ''Deutsche Welle''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Katumba Wamala: Uganda minister shot in assassination attempt". ''BBC News''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver". ''The Guardian''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref>.Oluvannuma lw'omwezi ogw'okunoonyereza nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 2021, ab'obuyinza baalaga nti abalumbaganyi baali basiraamu ba nalukalala abantendekembwa mu nkabi ya ba Jihaadi mu Kivu ey'Obukiika kkono e [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]] era balina akakwate ku ggye lya [[Allied Democratic Forces]] (ADF) ne [[Islamic State]].<ref>"Uganda links Islamist rebels to attempted murder of minister". ''Reuters''. 1 July 2021.</ref> [[President of Uganda|Pulezidenti wa Uganda]] [[Yoweri Museveni]] yavumirira obulumbaganyi, bweyannyonyola "ng'omulimu gw' embizi ezitawa bulamu muwendo" == Okuwummula okuva mu ggye Lya UPDF == Mu Gwomunaana 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 47 egy'omuddiriȠȠana egy'obuweereza bw'eggye ly'eggwanga Genereo Katumba wamala waakuwummula okuva mu ggye ly'eggwanaga (UPDF) eyo ng'omwaka gunaatera okuggwako. Agenda mu maaso okuweereza nga minisita mu kabbineeti ya Uganda.<ref>Dan Wandera (9 August 2026). "Gen Katumba honoured ahead of UPDF retirement". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>Rogers Atukunda (10 August 2026). "Katumba Wamala Marks 47 Years of Military Service Ppays Tribute To Museveni". ''SoftPower Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/video/a-look-at-gen-katumba-wamala-s-47-years-in-uniform-5565620</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == * [http://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=179 Ekibanja kya Genero Katumba Wamala ku kibanja ki Parliament.go.ug] * [[google:katumba+wamala&bav=on.2,or.r_qf.&bvm=bv.47008514,d.ZWU&biw=1093&bih=431&wrapid=tlif136958939673410&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hl=en&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&ei=qUaiUamQIsKLhQenpYHoDA#facrc=_&imgrc=fxbDKFBWvBBReM%3A%3BNcUy5YNzw-VGtM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fdanwaanews.com%252Fwp-content%252Fuploads%252F2013%252F01%252FLt%252BGen%252BEdward%252Bkatumba%252BWamala%252BCommander%252BLand%252BForces.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fdanwaanews.com%252F%253Fp%253D6351%3B1000%3B967|Ebifaananyi bya genero Katumba Wamala ku mukutu gwa google.com]] [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1956]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] [[Category:Abaganda]] [[Category:Abaduumizi ba police ya Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Uganda Millitary Academy]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army and General Staff College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku the Command and General staff College abatali Bamerica]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army War College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Tanzania Military Academy]] [[Category:Baminisita ba gavumenti ya Uganda]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'omwenda]] [[Category:Bagenero ba Uganda]] [[Category:Abakoseddwa ebikolwa by'obumenyi bw'amateeka]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda ab'emirimu gya gavumenti]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda ab'ebyentambula]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] [[Category:Abaduumizi abokuntikkpo ab'eggye (Uganda)]] tqn74dvzv1zp7ywfd7efgy0qr8y4df9 74343 74199 2026-09-09T17:45:46Z Ssebuufu 9882 /* Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia */ 74343 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg|thumb|Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg]] '''Edward Katumba Wamala''' (yazaalibwa 19 ogwekkuminoogumu 1956) asinga kumanyibwa nga '''Katumba Wamala''' munnamaggye eyagannyuka era munnabyabufuzi Munnayuganda aweereza nga Minisita w'Abakozi ba gavumenti kabbineeti ya Uganda, okuva nga 26 Ogwokutaana 2026.<ref>"Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle". ''Daily Monitor''. 26 May 2026. Retrieved 16 July 2026.</ref><ref>"Museveni hails retiring UPDF generals for building peace and security". ''Monitor''. 21 August 2026. Retrieved 23 August 2026.</ref> Nga tannatuuka mu kifo kye kyalimu mu kiseera kino ,Katumba Wamala yaweereza nga minisita omubeezi ow'eby'emirimu mu kabbineeti ya [[Uganda]].<ref>Taddeo Bwambale (10 January 2017). "Muhoozi Replaces Katumba As Army Chief". ''New Vision''. Kampala. Retrieved 10 June 2017.</ref> Era yaweerezaako nga Chief of Staff ow'eggye lya Uganda li Uganda Peoples Defense Forces (UPDF) okuva 2013 okutuusa 2017 ng'era yeeyali omuduumizi w'eggye lya Uganda eryokuttaka okuva mu 2005 okutuusa 2013.<ref name=":1">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/lt-gen-katumba-wamala-from-an-aspiring-doctor-to-an-army-general-1525652</ref>Era yaweerezaako ng'omuduumizi wa poliisi ya Uganda (IGP) eddaala erisinga okuba era waggulu mu ttabi ero erya gavumenti ya Uganda, okuva mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Wamala yeeyali omujaasi w'eggye lya UPDF eyasooka okuweereza ng'omuduumizi poliisi ya Uganda, ng'akyaweereza mu maggye nga tasoose kulekulira. Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba yasimattuka okugezaako okumutemula, mu Kisaasi ekisangibwa mu nkingizi za [[Kampala]], abasajja ababagalidde emmundu bwebaamulumba nebamutuusaako ebisago, okutta muwalawe ne ddereeva, nebamulekera ebiwundu by'amasasi ku bibegaabega byombi.<ref>"Katumba Wamala shooting: Uganda minister's daughter killed". ''news.yahoo.com''. Retrieved 7 June 2021.</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/01/ugandan-minister-hurt-in-assassination-bid-that-killed-his-daughter</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwekkuminoogumu mu mwaka gwa 1956 e Bweeza mu [[Kalangala (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] mu Bizinga by'e Ssese, mu Ttundutundu lya [[Buganda]], [[Uganda]] <ref>Candia, Steven (31 October 2005). "Police Will Miss Katumba Wamala". New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>.Okusoma yakutandikira ku Nakibizzi primary school (Ku lw'e Jinja).Nera yasomera ku St. James nga kati ssomero lya siniya mu Jinja) n'e Bukomero mwannyina gyeyali omusomesa.<ref name=":1" /> Okusoma kwa pulayimale oluvannyuma yakumalirako ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kampala]] mugandawe ne maama we gyebaali basengukidde.Ku mutendera gwa siniya, Katumba agamba teyatambula nnyo engeri gye yatebenkera ku [https://www.oldkampalass.sc.ug/ Old Kampala Secondary School] emyaka mukaaga.<ref name=":1" /> Ng'ali ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School, Katumba agamba nti yayiga essomo erimulinnyisizza amadaala ag'amaanyi." Nasaba omusomesa olukusa okugenda okwetewuluzaako. Omusomesa teyamanya nti nali njagala kufuna kifo kisirifu okusomeramu akatabo, nenkwatibwa omukulu w'essomero mwami Wakatamba . Namulimba nti nali nfunye olukusa okuva ew'omusomesa naye oluvannyuma olw'okwebuusa naakizuula nti nali nnimba, yantwala mu offiisi ye nangalamiza ku mmeeza empanvu nanswanyuula embooko ttaano olw'okukola ekintu ekituufu mu kiseera ekikyamu ne mu kifo ekikyamu" Katumba bwagamba<ref name=":0">https://www.independent.co.ug/gen-edward-katumba-wamala/</ref> Essomo ero lyansigalamu nti nebwenafuulibwa omuduumizi wa poliisi, nagenda okukyalira mwami Wakatamba-Omukulu w'essomero okumusiima naye namusiȠȠaana mu mbeera nga tasobola kuntegeera.<ref name=":0" /> Katumba Wamala alina satifikeeti mu by'obulimi.<ref>https://hicginewsagency.com/2015/06/22/uganda-chief-of-defense-forces-gen-katumba-wamala-with-hon-kivumbi-earnest-benjamin/</ref> Mu 2007, yatikkirwa okuva mu [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] ne Ddiguli esooka mu nkolagana y'amawanga n'enkola z'amawanga okuteeseganya. Alina ne Ddiguli eyokubiri mu bukulembeze obw'okulengera embeera eyomumaaso ([[Master of Science degree in strategic leadership]]) gye yafunira mu ttendekero li [[United States Army War College]] .<ref>"The Chief of Defence Forces, Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala". ''specialforcescommand.go.ug''. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2015.</ref><ref>Tebajjukira, Madinah (22 April 2007). "Uganda: General Katumba Gets First Class Degree". New Vision via AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>Alina amabaluwa g'ekinnamagye okuva mu matendekero gano wammanga; [[Uganda Military Academy]], [[Tanzania Military Academy.]] waliwo n'ebbaluwa gye yafuna okuva tendekero ly'amagye erya [[Soviet Union,]] endala yagifunira mu [[Nigerian Command and staff College,]] ne mu [[United States Army command and staff College]], ssaako ne gye yafunira mu [[United States Army War College]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151223092033/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/463676</ref>Mu 2023, [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] yamuwa ekitiibwa ky'obwa Dokita mu kusiima ettofaali lyatadde ku kitundu kye, Eggwanga, n'abantu.<ref>Samuel Muhimba (26 October 2023). "Gen Katumba Wamala awarded honorary doctorate". ''Nile Post Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Wamala yali offiisa mu ggye lya [[Uganda National Liberation Army.(UNLA)]] ,eggye lya [[National Resistance Army]](NRA) bwe lyawangula [[Uganda National Liberation Front|UNLA]] mu mwaka gwa 1986. Bw'atyo yakyusa nadda mu NRA awataali kimutaataganya.<ref>Kato, Joshua (5 September 2005). "Rebels Turned UPDF Commanders". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Wakati wa 1999 ne 2000, Katumba yali muyizi mu ttendekero ly'amaggye erya [[U.S Army War college]] mu [[Carlisle County, Kentucky|Carlisle]], mu Pennsyvania. Wakati wa 2000 ne 2001,ng'ali ku ddaala lya [[Major General]], yaduumira eggye ly'eggwanga mu ggwanga lya [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]]. Yalondebwa ng'omuduumizi wa police mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Mu Gwomunaana 2003,Katumba yakiika mu lukungaana lw'ekibiina ekigatta Bannayuganda abawangaalirra mu North America lu UNAA mu [[Boston]], Massachusets.<ref>"Uganda: N. American Ugandans Meet". New Vision (Kampala). 2 September 2003. Retrieved 18 February 2026.</ref> Olwo yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya [[luteenanti general]] era naaweebwa eky'okudduumira eggye ly'eggwanga eryokuttaka erisangibwa mu bbalakisi y'amaggye e Bombo nekimufuula omu ku b'offiisa b'amagye abasinga obukulu mu ggye lya Uganda.<ref>Candia, Steven (3 November 2005). "Major General Kale Kaihura Takes Over Police Force". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Mu mulimu gwe nga omuduumizi w'amagye gookuttaka, yenyigira nnyo mu nteekateeka z'eggye erikuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]] ezimanyiddwa ennyo nga [[AMISOM]].<ref>Ayiga Ondoga (14 February 2010). "Over 1,700 UPDF Soldiers for Somalia". Kampala: New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>. Nga 23 Ogwokutaano 2013,yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya genero era naalondebwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'Eggwanga.<ref>John Tugume (24 May 2013). "General Katumba Wamala To Head The Uganda Army". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> == Okugezaako okumutemula. == Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba Wamala bwe yali agenda mu kibuga, abasajja bana abaali babagalidde emigemerawala baasindirira mmotoka ye amasasi mu Kisaasi, ku nkingizi za Kampala.Wamala yafiuna ebiwundu ku bibegaabega byombi, naye yasimattuka naddusibwa mu ddwaliro .Ddereeva we Haruna Kayondo ne muwala we Nantongo battibwa mukifo awaali obulumbaganyi.Abooluganda lwa Brenda bonna beetaba mu lumbe lwa Brenda Wamala Nantongo.<ref>Sam Waswa (1 June 2021). "General Katumba Wamala Attacked by Gunmen; Daughter Reported Dead". ''ChimpReports''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills 2". ''Deutsche Welle''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Katumba Wamala: Uganda minister shot in assassination attempt". ''BBC News''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver". ''The Guardian''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref>.Oluvannuma lw'omwezi ogw'okunoonyereza nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 2021, ab'obuyinza baalaga nti abalumbaganyi baali basiraamu ba nalukalala abantendekembwa mu nkabi ya ba Jihaadi mu Kivu ey'Obukiika kkono e [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]] era balina akakwate ku ggye lya [[Allied Democratic Forces]] (ADF) ne [[Islamic State]].<ref>"Uganda links Islamist rebels to attempted murder of minister". ''Reuters''. 1 July 2021.</ref> [[President of Uganda|Pulezidenti wa Uganda]] [[Yoweri Museveni]] yavumirira obulumbaganyi, bweyannyonyola "ng'omulimu gw' embizi ezitawa bulamu muwendo" == Okuwummula okuva mu ggye Lya UPDF == Mu Gwomunaana 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 47 egy'omuddiriȠȠana egy'obuweereza bw'eggye ly'eggwanga Genereo Katumba wamala waakuwummula okuva mu ggye ly'eggwanaga (UPDF) eyo ng'omwaka gunaatera okuggwako. Agenda mu maaso okuweereza nga minisita mu kabbineeti ya Uganda.<ref>Dan Wandera (9 August 2026). "Gen Katumba honoured ahead of UPDF retirement". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>Rogers Atukunda (10 August 2026). "Katumba Wamala Marks 47 Years of Military Service Ppays Tribute To Museveni". ''SoftPower Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/video/a-look-at-gen-katumba-wamala-s-47-years-in-uniform-5565620</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == * [http://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=179 Ekibanja kya Genero Katumba Wamala ku kibanja ki Parliament.go.ug] * [[google:katumba+wamala&bav=on.2,or.r_qf.&bvm=bv.47008514,d.ZWU&biw=1093&bih=431&wrapid=tlif136958939673410&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hl=en&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&ei=qUaiUamQIsKLhQenpYHoDA#facrc=_&imgrc=fxbDKFBWvBBReM%3A%3BNcUy5YNzw-VGtM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fdanwaanews.com%252Fwp-content%252Fuploads%252F2013%252F01%252FLt%252BGen%252BEdward%252Bkatumba%252BWamala%252BCommander%252BLand%252BForces.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fdanwaanews.com%252F%253Fp%253D6351%3B1000%3B967|Ebifaananyi bya genero Katumba Wamala ku mukutu gwa google.com]] {| class="wikitable" | colspan="3" valign="top" | '''Abalondeddwa mu poliisi''' |- | valign="top" |'''Yadda mu bigere bya''' John Kisembo | valign="top" |'''Omuduumizi wa Poliisi ya Uganda''' 2003-2005 | valign="top" |Eyamuddira mu bigere '''Kale Kayihura''' |- | colspan="3" valign="top" |'''Ofiisi z'amaggye''' |- | valign="top" | '''Yadda mu bigere bya''' Aronda Nyakairima | valign="top" |'''Omuduumizi owokuntikko ow'eggye lya Uganda''' 2013-2017 | valign="top" |'''Eyamuddira mu bigere''' David Muhoozi |- | colspan="3" valign="top" | '''Ofiisi z'obuweereza bwa gavumenti''' |- | valign="top" |'''Yadda mu bigere bya''' Monica Azuba Ntege | valign="top" |'''Minisita w'emirimu n'ebyentambula''' Ogwekkumineebiri 2019-Ogwokutaano 2026 | valign="top" |'''Eyamuddira mu bigere''' Fred Byamukama |- | valign="top" | '''Yadda mu bigere bya''' Wilson Muruli Mukasa | valign="top" |'''Minisita w'Abakozi ba Gavumenti''' Ogwokutaanao 2026-Okutuusa leero | valign="top" |'''Eyamuddira mu bigere''' Ekifo yakirimu |} [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1956]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] [[Category:Abaganda]] [[Category:Abaduumizi ba police ya Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Uganda Millitary Academy]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army and General Staff College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku the Command and General staff College abatali Bamerica]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army War College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Tanzania Military Academy]] [[Category:Baminisita ba gavumenti ya Uganda]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'omwenda]] [[Category:Bagenero ba Uganda]] [[Category:Abakoseddwa ebikolwa by'obumenyi bw'amateeka]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda ab'emirimu gya gavumenti]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda ab'ebyentambula]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] [[Category:Abaduumizi abokuntikkpo ab'eggye (Uganda)]] j459nzvahm0ulqsu8d3qu0h3iebwcyu 74344 74343 2026-09-09T17:46:22Z Ssebuufu 9882 74344 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg|thumb|Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg]] '''Edward Katumba Wamala''' (yazaalibwa 19 ogwekkuminoogumu 1956) asinga kumanyibwa nga '''Katumba Wamala''' munnamaggye eyagannyuka era munnabyabufuzi Munnayuganda aweereza nga Minisita w'Abakozi ba gavumenti kabbineeti ya Uganda, okuva nga 26 Ogwokutaana 2026.<ref>"Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle". ''Daily Monitor''. 26 May 2026. Retrieved 16 July 2026.</ref><ref>"Museveni hails retiring UPDF generals for building peace and security". ''Monitor''. 21 August 2026. Retrieved 23 August 2026.</ref> Nga tannatuuka mu kifo kye kyalimu mu kiseera kino ,Katumba Wamala yaweereza nga minisita omubeezi ow'eby'emirimu mu kabbineeti ya [[Uganda]].<ref>Taddeo Bwambale (10 January 2017). "Muhoozi Replaces Katumba As Army Chief". ''New Vision''. Kampala. Retrieved 10 June 2017.</ref> Era yaweerezaako nga Chief of Staff ow'eggye lya Uganda li Uganda Peoples Defense Forces (UPDF) okuva 2013 okutuusa 2017 ng'era yeeyali omuduumizi w'eggye lya Uganda eryokuttaka okuva mu 2005 okutuusa 2013.<ref name=":1">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/lt-gen-katumba-wamala-from-an-aspiring-doctor-to-an-army-general-1525652</ref>Era yaweerezaako ng'omuduumizi wa poliisi ya Uganda (IGP) eddaala erisinga okuba era waggulu mu ttabi ero erya gavumenti ya Uganda, okuva mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Wamala yeeyali omujaasi w'eggye lya UPDF eyasooka okuweereza ng'omuduumizi poliisi ya Uganda, ng'akyaweereza mu maggye nga tasoose kulekulira. Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba yasimattuka okugezaako okumutemula, mu Kisaasi ekisangibwa mu nkingizi za [[Kampala]], abasajja ababagalidde emmundu bwebaamulumba nebamutuusaako ebisago, okutta muwalawe ne ddereeva, nebamulekera ebiwundu by'amasasi ku bibegaabega byombi.<ref>"Katumba Wamala shooting: Uganda minister's daughter killed". ''news.yahoo.com''. Retrieved 7 June 2021.</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Reuters |date=2021-06-01 |title=Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/01/ugandan-minister-hurt-in-assassination-bid-that-killed-his-daughter |access-date=2026-09-09 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwekkuminoogumu mu mwaka gwa 1956 e Bweeza mu [[Kalangala (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] mu Bizinga by'e Ssese, mu Ttundutundu lya [[Buganda]], [[Uganda]] <ref>Candia, Steven (31 October 2005). "Police Will Miss Katumba Wamala". New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>.Okusoma yakutandikira ku Nakibizzi primary school (Ku lw'e Jinja).Nera yasomera ku St. James nga kati ssomero lya siniya mu Jinja) n'e Bukomero mwannyina gyeyali omusomesa.<ref name=":1" /> Okusoma kwa pulayimale oluvannyuma yakumalirako ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kampala]] mugandawe ne maama we gyebaali basengukidde.Ku mutendera gwa siniya, Katumba agamba teyatambula nnyo engeri gye yatebenkera ku [https://www.oldkampalass.sc.ug/ Old Kampala Secondary School] emyaka mukaaga.<ref name=":1" /> Ng'ali ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School, Katumba agamba nti yayiga essomo erimulinnyisizza amadaala ag'amaanyi." Nasaba omusomesa olukusa okugenda okwetewuluzaako. Omusomesa teyamanya nti nali njagala kufuna kifo kisirifu okusomeramu akatabo, nenkwatibwa omukulu w'essomero mwami Wakatamba . Namulimba nti nali nfunye olukusa okuva ew'omusomesa naye oluvannyuma olw'okwebuusa naakizuula nti nali nnimba, yantwala mu offiisi ye nangalamiza ku mmeeza empanvu nanswanyuula embooko ttaano olw'okukola ekintu ekituufu mu kiseera ekikyamu ne mu kifo ekikyamu" Katumba bwagamba<ref name=":0">https://www.independent.co.ug/gen-edward-katumba-wamala/</ref> Essomo ero lyansigalamu nti nebwenafuulibwa omuduumizi wa poliisi, nagenda okukyalira mwami Wakatamba-Omukulu w'essomero okumusiima naye namusiȠȠaana mu mbeera nga tasobola kuntegeera.<ref name=":0" /> Katumba Wamala alina satifikeeti mu by'obulimi.<ref>https://hicginewsagency.com/2015/06/22/uganda-chief-of-defense-forces-gen-katumba-wamala-with-hon-kivumbi-earnest-benjamin/</ref> Mu 2007, yatikkirwa okuva mu [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] ne Ddiguli esooka mu nkolagana y'amawanga n'enkola z'amawanga okuteeseganya. Alina ne Ddiguli eyokubiri mu bukulembeze obw'okulengera embeera eyomumaaso ([[Master of Science degree in strategic leadership]]) gye yafunira mu ttendekero li [[United States Army War College]] .<ref>"The Chief of Defence Forces, Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala". ''specialforcescommand.go.ug''. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2015.</ref><ref>Tebajjukira, Madinah (22 April 2007). "Uganda: General Katumba Gets First Class Degree". New Vision via AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>Alina amabaluwa g'ekinnamagye okuva mu matendekero gano wammanga; [[Uganda Military Academy]], [[Tanzania Military Academy.]] waliwo n'ebbaluwa gye yafuna okuva tendekero ly'amagye erya [[Soviet Union,]] endala yagifunira mu [[Nigerian Command and staff College,]] ne mu [[United States Army command and staff College]], ssaako ne gye yafunira mu [[United States Army War College]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151223092033/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/463676</ref>Mu 2023, [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] yamuwa ekitiibwa ky'obwa Dokita mu kusiima ettofaali lyatadde ku kitundu kye, Eggwanga, n'abantu.<ref>Samuel Muhimba (26 October 2023). "Gen Katumba Wamala awarded honorary doctorate". ''Nile Post Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Wamala yali offiisa mu ggye lya [[Uganda National Liberation Army.(UNLA)]] ,eggye lya [[National Resistance Army]](NRA) bwe lyawangula [[Uganda National Liberation Front|UNLA]] mu mwaka gwa 1986. Bw'atyo yakyusa nadda mu NRA awataali kimutaataganya.<ref>Kato, Joshua (5 September 2005). "Rebels Turned UPDF Commanders". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Wakati wa 1999 ne 2000, Katumba yali muyizi mu ttendekero ly'amaggye erya [[U.S Army War college]] mu [[Carlisle County, Kentucky|Carlisle]], mu Pennsyvania. Wakati wa 2000 ne 2001,ng'ali ku ddaala lya [[Major General]], yaduumira eggye ly'eggwanga mu ggwanga lya [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]]. Yalondebwa ng'omuduumizi wa police mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Mu Gwomunaana 2003,Katumba yakiika mu lukungaana lw'ekibiina ekigatta Bannayuganda abawangaalirra mu North America lu UNAA mu [[Boston]], Massachusets.<ref>"Uganda: N. American Ugandans Meet". New Vision (Kampala). 2 September 2003. Retrieved 18 February 2026.</ref> Olwo yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya [[luteenanti general]] era naaweebwa eky'okudduumira eggye ly'eggwanga eryokuttaka erisangibwa mu bbalakisi y'amaggye e Bombo nekimufuula omu ku b'offiisa b'amagye abasinga obukulu mu ggye lya Uganda.<ref>Candia, Steven (3 November 2005). "Major General Kale Kaihura Takes Over Police Force". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Mu mulimu gwe nga omuduumizi w'amagye gookuttaka, yenyigira nnyo mu nteekateeka z'eggye erikuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]] ezimanyiddwa ennyo nga [[AMISOM]].<ref>Ayiga Ondoga (14 February 2010). "Over 1,700 UPDF Soldiers for Somalia". Kampala: New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>. Nga 23 Ogwokutaano 2013,yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya genero era naalondebwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'Eggwanga.<ref>John Tugume (24 May 2013). "General Katumba Wamala To Head The Uganda Army". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> == Okugezaako okumutemula. == Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba Wamala bwe yali agenda mu kibuga, abasajja bana abaali babagalidde emigemerawala baasindirira mmotoka ye amasasi mu Kisaasi, ku nkingizi za Kampala.Wamala yafiuna ebiwundu ku bibegaabega byombi, naye yasimattuka naddusibwa mu ddwaliro .Ddereeva we Haruna Kayondo ne muwala we Nantongo battibwa mukifo awaali obulumbaganyi.Abooluganda lwa Brenda bonna beetaba mu lumbe lwa Brenda Wamala Nantongo.<ref>Sam Waswa (1 June 2021). "General Katumba Wamala Attacked by Gunmen; Daughter Reported Dead". ''ChimpReports''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills 2". ''Deutsche Welle''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Katumba Wamala: Uganda minister shot in assassination attempt". ''BBC News''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver". ''The Guardian''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref>.Oluvannuma lw'omwezi ogw'okunoonyereza nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 2021, ab'obuyinza baalaga nti abalumbaganyi baali basiraamu ba nalukalala abantendekembwa mu nkabi ya ba Jihaadi mu Kivu ey'Obukiika kkono e [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]] era balina akakwate ku ggye lya [[Allied Democratic Forces]] (ADF) ne [[Islamic State]].<ref>"Uganda links Islamist rebels to attempted murder of minister". ''Reuters''. 1 July 2021.</ref> [[President of Uganda|Pulezidenti wa Uganda]] [[Yoweri Museveni]] yavumirira obulumbaganyi, bweyannyonyola "ng'omulimu gw' embizi ezitawa bulamu muwendo" == Okuwummula okuva mu ggye Lya UPDF == Mu Gwomunaana 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 47 egy'omuddiriȠȠana egy'obuweereza bw'eggye ly'eggwanga Genereo Katumba wamala waakuwummula okuva mu ggye ly'eggwanaga (UPDF) eyo ng'omwaka gunaatera okuggwako. Agenda mu maaso okuweereza nga minisita mu kabbineeti ya Uganda.<ref>Dan Wandera (9 August 2026). "Gen Katumba honoured ahead of UPDF retirement". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>Rogers Atukunda (10 August 2026). "Katumba Wamala Marks 47 Years of Military Service Ppays Tribute To Museveni". ''SoftPower Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/video/a-look-at-gen-katumba-wamala-s-47-years-in-uniform-5565620</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == * [http://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=179 Ekibanja kya Genero Katumba Wamala ku kibanja ki Parliament.go.ug] * [[google:katumba+wamala&bav=on.2,or.r_qf.&bvm=bv.47008514,d.ZWU&biw=1093&bih=431&wrapid=tlif136958939673410&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hl=en&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&ei=qUaiUamQIsKLhQenpYHoDA#facrc=_&imgrc=fxbDKFBWvBBReM%3A%3BNcUy5YNzw-VGtM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fdanwaanews.com%252Fwp-content%252Fuploads%252F2013%252F01%252FLt%252BGen%252BEdward%252Bkatumba%252BWamala%252BCommander%252BLand%252BForces.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fdanwaanews.com%252F%253Fp%253D6351%3B1000%3B967|Ebifaananyi bya genero Katumba Wamala ku mukutu gwa google.com]] {| class="wikitable" | colspan="3" valign="top" | '''Abalondeddwa mu poliisi''' |- | valign="top" |'''Yadda mu bigere bya''' John Kisembo | valign="top" |'''Omuduumizi wa Poliisi ya Uganda''' 2003-2005 | valign="top" |Eyamuddira mu bigere '''Kale Kayihura''' |- | colspan="3" valign="top" |'''Ofiisi z'amaggye''' |- | valign="top" | '''Yadda mu bigere bya''' Aronda Nyakairima | valign="top" |'''Omuduumizi owokuntikko ow'eggye lya Uganda''' 2013-2017 | valign="top" |'''Eyamuddira mu bigere''' David Muhoozi |- | colspan="3" valign="top" | '''Ofiisi z'obuweereza bwa gavumenti''' |- | valign="top" |'''Yadda mu bigere bya''' Monica Azuba Ntege | valign="top" |'''Minisita w'emirimu n'ebyentambula''' Ogwekkumineebiri 2019-Ogwokutaano 2026 | valign="top" |'''Eyamuddira mu bigere''' Fred Byamukama |- | valign="top" | '''Yadda mu bigere bya''' Wilson Muruli Mukasa | valign="top" |'''Minisita w'Abakozi ba Gavumenti''' Ogwokutaanao 2026-Okutuusa leero | valign="top" |'''Eyamuddira mu bigere''' Ekifo yakirimu |} [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1956]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] [[Category:Abaganda]] [[Category:Abaduumizi ba police ya Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Uganda Millitary Academy]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army and General Staff College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku the Command and General staff College abatali Bamerica]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army War College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Tanzania Military Academy]] [[Category:Baminisita ba gavumenti ya Uganda]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'omwenda]] [[Category:Bagenero ba Uganda]] [[Category:Abakoseddwa ebikolwa by'obumenyi bw'amateeka]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda ab'emirimu gya gavumenti]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda ab'ebyentambula]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] [[Category:Abaduumizi abokuntikkpo ab'eggye (Uganda)]] n035eus7xjk4rus6e7fkkgu5wfw48bk 74345 74344 2026-09-09T17:47:01Z Ssebuufu 9882 74345 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg|thumb|Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg]] '''Edward Katumba Wamala''' (yazaalibwa 19 ogwekkuminoogumu 1956) asinga kumanyibwa nga '''Katumba Wamala''' munnamaggye eyagannyuka era munnabyabufuzi Munnayuganda aweereza nga Minisita w'Abakozi ba gavumenti kabbineeti ya Uganda, okuva nga 26 Ogwokutaana 2026.<ref>"Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle". ''Daily Monitor''. 26 May 2026. Retrieved 16 July 2026.</ref><ref>"Museveni hails retiring UPDF generals for building peace and security". ''Monitor''. 21 August 2026. Retrieved 23 August 2026.</ref> Nga tannatuuka mu kifo kye kyalimu mu kiseera kino ,Katumba Wamala yaweereza nga minisita omubeezi ow'eby'emirimu mu kabbineeti ya [[Uganda]].<ref>Taddeo Bwambale (10 January 2017). "Muhoozi Replaces Katumba As Army Chief". ''New Vision''. Kampala. Retrieved 10 June 2017.</ref> Era yaweerezaako nga Chief of Staff ow'eggye lya Uganda li Uganda Peoples Defense Forces (UPDF) okuva 2013 okutuusa 2017 ng'era yeeyali omuduumizi w'eggye lya Uganda eryokuttaka okuva mu 2005 okutuusa 2013.<ref name=":1">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/lt-gen-katumba-wamala-from-an-aspiring-doctor-to-an-army-general-1525652</ref>Era yaweerezaako ng'omuduumizi wa poliisi ya Uganda (IGP) eddaala erisinga okuba era waggulu mu ttabi ero erya gavumenti ya Uganda, okuva mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Wamala yeeyali omujaasi w'eggye lya UPDF eyasooka okuweereza ng'omuduumizi poliisi ya Uganda, ng'akyaweereza mu maggye nga tasoose kulekulira. Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba yasimattuka okugezaako okumutemula, mu Kisaasi ekisangibwa mu nkingizi za [[Kampala]], abasajja ababagalidde emmundu bwebaamulumba nebamutuusaako ebisago, okutta muwalawe ne ddereeva, nebamulekera ebiwundu by'amasasi ku bibegaabega byombi.<ref>"Katumba Wamala shooting: Uganda minister's daughter killed". ''news.yahoo.com''. Retrieved 7 June 2021.</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Reuters |date=2021-06-01 |title=Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/01/ugandan-minister-hurt-in-assassination-bid-that-killed-his-daughter |access-date=2026-09-09 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwekkuminoogumu mu mwaka gwa 1956 e Bweeza mu [[Kalangala (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] mu Bizinga by'e Ssese, mu Ttundutundu lya [[Buganda]], [[Uganda]] <ref>Candia, Steven (31 October 2005). "Police Will Miss Katumba Wamala". New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>.Okusoma yakutandikira ku Nakibizzi primary school (Ku lw'e [[Jinja]]).Nera yasomera ku St. James nga kati ssomero lya siniya mu Jinja) n'e Bukomero mwannyina gyeyali omusomesa.<ref name=":1" /> Okusoma kwa pulayimale oluvannyuma yakumalirako ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kampala]] mugandawe ne maama we gyebaali basengukidde.Ku mutendera gwa siniya, Katumba agamba teyatambula nnyo engeri gye yatebenkera ku [https://www.oldkampalass.sc.ug/ Old Kampala Secondary School] emyaka mukaaga.<ref name=":1" /> Ng'ali ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School, Katumba agamba nti yayiga essomo erimulinnyisizza amadaala ag'amaanyi." Nasaba omusomesa olukusa okugenda okwetewuluzaako. Omusomesa teyamanya nti nali njagala kufuna kifo kisirifu okusomeramu akatabo, nenkwatibwa omukulu w'essomero mwami Wakatamba . Namulimba nti nali nfunye olukusa okuva ew'omusomesa naye oluvannyuma olw'okwebuusa naakizuula nti nali nnimba, yantwala mu offiisi ye nangalamiza ku mmeeza empanvu nanswanyuula embooko ttaano olw'okukola ekintu ekituufu mu kiseera ekikyamu ne mu kifo ekikyamu" Katumba bwagamba<ref name=":0">https://www.independent.co.ug/gen-edward-katumba-wamala/</ref> Essomo ero lyansigalamu nti nebwenafuulibwa omuduumizi wa poliisi, nagenda okukyalira mwami Wakatamba-Omukulu w'essomero okumusiima naye namusiȠȠaana mu mbeera nga tasobola kuntegeera.<ref name=":0" /> Katumba Wamala alina satifikeeti mu by'obulimi.<ref>https://hicginewsagency.com/2015/06/22/uganda-chief-of-defense-forces-gen-katumba-wamala-with-hon-kivumbi-earnest-benjamin/</ref> Mu 2007, yatikkirwa okuva mu [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] ne Ddiguli esooka mu nkolagana y'amawanga n'enkola z'amawanga okuteeseganya. Alina ne Ddiguli eyokubiri mu bukulembeze obw'okulengera embeera eyomumaaso ([[Master of Science degree in strategic leadership]]) gye yafunira mu ttendekero li [[United States Army War College]] .<ref>"The Chief of Defence Forces, Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala". ''specialforcescommand.go.ug''. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2015.</ref><ref>Tebajjukira, Madinah (22 April 2007). "Uganda: General Katumba Gets First Class Degree". New Vision via AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>Alina amabaluwa g'ekinnamagye okuva mu matendekero gano wammanga; [[Uganda Military Academy]], [[Tanzania Military Academy.]] waliwo n'ebbaluwa gye yafuna okuva tendekero ly'amagye erya [[Soviet Union,]] endala yagifunira mu [[Nigerian Command and staff College,]] ne mu [[United States Army command and staff College]], ssaako ne gye yafunira mu [[United States Army War College]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151223092033/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/463676</ref>Mu 2023, [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] yamuwa ekitiibwa ky'obwa Dokita mu kusiima ettofaali lyatadde ku kitundu kye, Eggwanga, n'abantu.<ref>Samuel Muhimba (26 October 2023). "Gen Katumba Wamala awarded honorary doctorate". ''Nile Post Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Wamala yali offiisa mu ggye lya [[Uganda National Liberation Army.(UNLA)]] ,eggye lya [[National Resistance Army]](NRA) bwe lyawangula [[Uganda National Liberation Front|UNLA]] mu mwaka gwa 1986. Bw'atyo yakyusa nadda mu NRA awataali kimutaataganya.<ref>Kato, Joshua (5 September 2005). "Rebels Turned UPDF Commanders". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Wakati wa 1999 ne 2000, Katumba yali muyizi mu ttendekero ly'amaggye erya [[U.S Army War college]] mu [[Carlisle County, Kentucky|Carlisle]], mu Pennsyvania. Wakati wa 2000 ne 2001,ng'ali ku ddaala lya [[Major General]], yaduumira eggye ly'eggwanga mu ggwanga lya [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]]. Yalondebwa ng'omuduumizi wa police mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Mu Gwomunaana 2003,Katumba yakiika mu lukungaana lw'ekibiina ekigatta Bannayuganda abawangaalirra mu North America lu UNAA mu [[Boston]], Massachusets.<ref>"Uganda: N. American Ugandans Meet". New Vision (Kampala). 2 September 2003. Retrieved 18 February 2026.</ref> Olwo yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya [[luteenanti general]] era naaweebwa eky'okudduumira eggye ly'eggwanga eryokuttaka erisangibwa mu bbalakisi y'amaggye e Bombo nekimufuula omu ku b'offiisa b'amagye abasinga obukulu mu ggye lya Uganda.<ref>Candia, Steven (3 November 2005). "Major General Kale Kaihura Takes Over Police Force". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Mu mulimu gwe nga omuduumizi w'amagye gookuttaka, yenyigira nnyo mu nteekateeka z'eggye erikuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]] ezimanyiddwa ennyo nga [[AMISOM]].<ref>Ayiga Ondoga (14 February 2010). "Over 1,700 UPDF Soldiers for Somalia". Kampala: New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>. Nga 23 Ogwokutaano 2013,yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya genero era naalondebwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'Eggwanga.<ref>John Tugume (24 May 2013). "General Katumba Wamala To Head The Uganda Army". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> == Okugezaako okumutemula. == Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba Wamala bwe yali agenda mu kibuga, abasajja bana abaali babagalidde emigemerawala baasindirira mmotoka ye amasasi mu Kisaasi, ku nkingizi za Kampala.Wamala yafiuna ebiwundu ku bibegaabega byombi, naye yasimattuka naddusibwa mu ddwaliro .Ddereeva we Haruna Kayondo ne muwala we Nantongo battibwa mukifo awaali obulumbaganyi.Abooluganda lwa Brenda bonna beetaba mu lumbe lwa Brenda Wamala Nantongo.<ref>Sam Waswa (1 June 2021). "General Katumba Wamala Attacked by Gunmen; Daughter Reported Dead". ''ChimpReports''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills 2". ''Deutsche Welle''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Katumba Wamala: Uganda minister shot in assassination attempt". ''BBC News''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver". ''The Guardian''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref>.Oluvannuma lw'omwezi ogw'okunoonyereza nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 2021, ab'obuyinza baalaga nti abalumbaganyi baali basiraamu ba nalukalala abantendekembwa mu nkabi ya ba Jihaadi mu Kivu ey'Obukiika kkono e [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]] era balina akakwate ku ggye lya [[Allied Democratic Forces]] (ADF) ne [[Islamic State]].<ref>"Uganda links Islamist rebels to attempted murder of minister". ''Reuters''. 1 July 2021.</ref> [[President of Uganda|Pulezidenti wa Uganda]] [[Yoweri Museveni]] yavumirira obulumbaganyi, bweyannyonyola "ng'omulimu gw' embizi ezitawa bulamu muwendo" == Okuwummula okuva mu ggye Lya UPDF == Mu Gwomunaana 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 47 egy'omuddiriȠȠana egy'obuweereza bw'eggye ly'eggwanga Genereo Katumba wamala waakuwummula okuva mu ggye ly'eggwanaga (UPDF) eyo ng'omwaka gunaatera okuggwako. Agenda mu maaso okuweereza nga minisita mu kabbineeti ya Uganda.<ref>Dan Wandera (9 August 2026). "Gen Katumba honoured ahead of UPDF retirement". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>Rogers Atukunda (10 August 2026). "Katumba Wamala Marks 47 Years of Military Service Ppays Tribute To Museveni". ''SoftPower Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/video/a-look-at-gen-katumba-wamala-s-47-years-in-uniform-5565620</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == * [http://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=179 Ekibanja kya Genero Katumba Wamala ku kibanja ki Parliament.go.ug] * [[google:katumba+wamala&bav=on.2,or.r_qf.&bvm=bv.47008514,d.ZWU&biw=1093&bih=431&wrapid=tlif136958939673410&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hl=en&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&ei=qUaiUamQIsKLhQenpYHoDA#facrc=_&imgrc=fxbDKFBWvBBReM%3A%3BNcUy5YNzw-VGtM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fdanwaanews.com%252Fwp-content%252Fuploads%252F2013%252F01%252FLt%252BGen%252BEdward%252Bkatumba%252BWamala%252BCommander%252BLand%252BForces.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fdanwaanews.com%252F%253Fp%253D6351%3B1000%3B967|Ebifaananyi bya genero Katumba Wamala ku mukutu gwa google.com]] {| class="wikitable" | colspan="3" valign="top" | '''Abalondeddwa mu poliisi''' |- | valign="top" |'''Yadda mu bigere bya''' John Kisembo | valign="top" |'''Omuduumizi wa Poliisi ya Uganda''' 2003-2005 | valign="top" |Eyamuddira mu bigere '''Kale Kayihura''' |- | colspan="3" valign="top" |'''Ofiisi z'amaggye''' |- | valign="top" | '''Yadda mu bigere bya''' Aronda Nyakairima | valign="top" |'''Omuduumizi owokuntikko ow'eggye lya Uganda''' 2013-2017 | valign="top" |'''Eyamuddira mu bigere''' David Muhoozi |- | colspan="3" valign="top" | '''Ofiisi z'obuweereza bwa gavumenti''' |- | valign="top" |'''Yadda mu bigere bya''' Monica Azuba Ntege | valign="top" |'''Minisita w'emirimu n'ebyentambula''' Ogwekkumineebiri 2019-Ogwokutaano 2026 | valign="top" |'''Eyamuddira mu bigere''' Fred Byamukama |- | valign="top" | '''Yadda mu bigere bya''' Wilson Muruli Mukasa | valign="top" |'''Minisita w'Abakozi ba Gavumenti''' Ogwokutaanao 2026-Okutuusa leero | valign="top" |'''Eyamuddira mu bigere''' Ekifo yakirimu |} [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1956]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] [[Category:Abaganda]] [[Category:Abaduumizi ba police ya Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Uganda Millitary Academy]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army and General Staff College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku the Command and General staff College abatali Bamerica]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army War College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Tanzania Military Academy]] [[Category:Baminisita ba gavumenti ya Uganda]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'omwenda]] [[Category:Bagenero ba Uganda]] [[Category:Abakoseddwa ebikolwa by'obumenyi bw'amateeka]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda ab'emirimu gya gavumenti]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda ab'ebyentambula]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] [[Category:Abaduumizi abokuntikkpo ab'eggye (Uganda)]] 4o8jjkavn2imh1ldjahqh61ukworyr6 74346 74345 2026-09-09T17:47:21Z Ssebuufu 9882 74346 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg|thumb|Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg]] '''Edward Katumba Wamala''' (yazaalibwa 19 ogwekkuminoogumu 1956) asinga kumanyibwa nga '''Katumba Wamala''' munnamaggye eyagannyuka era munnabyabufuzi Munnayuganda aweereza nga Minisita w'Abakozi ba gavumenti kabbineeti ya Uganda, okuva nga 26 Ogwokutaana 2026.<ref>"Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle". ''Daily Monitor''. 26 May 2026. Retrieved 16 July 2026.</ref><ref>"Museveni hails retiring UPDF generals for building peace and security". ''Monitor''. 21 August 2026. Retrieved 23 August 2026.</ref> Nga tannatuuka mu kifo kye kyalimu mu kiseera kino ,Katumba Wamala yaweereza nga minisita omubeezi ow'eby'emirimu mu kabbineeti ya [[Uganda]].<ref>Taddeo Bwambale (10 January 2017). "Muhoozi Replaces Katumba As Army Chief". ''New Vision''. Kampala. Retrieved 10 June 2017.</ref> Era yaweerezaako nga Chief of Staff ow'eggye lya Uganda li Uganda Peoples Defense Forces (UPDF) okuva 2013 okutuusa 2017 ng'era yeeyali omuduumizi w'eggye lya Uganda eryokuttaka okuva mu 2005 okutuusa 2013.<ref name=":1">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/lt-gen-katumba-wamala-from-an-aspiring-doctor-to-an-army-general-1525652</ref>Era yaweerezaako ng'omuduumizi wa poliisi ya Uganda (IGP) eddaala erisinga okuba era waggulu mu ttabi ero erya gavumenti ya Uganda, okuva mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Wamala yeeyali omujaasi w'eggye lya UPDF eyasooka okuweereza ng'omuduumizi poliisi ya Uganda, ng'akyaweereza mu maggye nga tasoose kulekulira. Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba yasimattuka okugezaako okumutemula, mu Kisaasi ekisangibwa mu nkingizi za [[Kampala]], abasajja ababagalidde emmundu bwebaamulumba nebamutuusaako ebisago, okutta muwalawe ne ddereeva, nebamulekera ebiwundu by'amasasi ku bibegaabega byombi.<ref>"Katumba Wamala shooting: Uganda minister's daughter killed". ''news.yahoo.com''. Retrieved 7 June 2021.</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Reuters |date=2021-06-01 |title=Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/01/ugandan-minister-hurt-in-assassination-bid-that-killed-his-daughter |access-date=2026-09-09 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwekkuminoogumu mu mwaka gwa 1956 e Bweeza mu [[Kalangala (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] mu Bizinga by'e Ssese, mu Ttundutundu lya [[Buganda]], [[Uganda]] <ref>Candia, Steven (31 October 2005). "Police Will Miss Katumba Wamala". New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>.Okusoma yakutandikira ku Nakibizzi primary school (Ku lw'e [[Jinja]]).Nera yasomera ku St. James nga kati ssomero lya siniya mu Jinja) n'e Bukomero mwannyina gyeyali omusomesa.<ref name=":1" /> Okusoma kwa pulayimale oluvannyuma yakumalirako ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kampala]] mugandawe ne maama we gyebaali basengukidde.Ku mutendera gwa siniya, Katumba agamba teyatambula nnyo engeri gye yatebenkera ku Old Kampala Secondary School emyaka mukaaga.<ref name=":1" /> Ng'ali ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School, Katumba agamba nti yayiga essomo erimulinnyisizza amadaala ag'amaanyi." Nasaba omusomesa olukusa okugenda okwetewuluzaako. Omusomesa teyamanya nti nali njagala kufuna kifo kisirifu okusomeramu akatabo, nenkwatibwa omukulu w'essomero mwami Wakatamba . Namulimba nti nali nfunye olukusa okuva ew'omusomesa naye oluvannyuma olw'okwebuusa naakizuula nti nali nnimba, yantwala mu offiisi ye nangalamiza ku mmeeza empanvu nanswanyuula embooko ttaano olw'okukola ekintu ekituufu mu kiseera ekikyamu ne mu kifo ekikyamu" Katumba bwagamba<ref name=":0">https://www.independent.co.ug/gen-edward-katumba-wamala/</ref> Essomo ero lyansigalamu nti nebwenafuulibwa omuduumizi wa poliisi, nagenda okukyalira mwami Wakatamba-Omukulu w'essomero okumusiima naye namusiȠȠaana mu mbeera nga tasobola kuntegeera.<ref name=":0" /> Katumba Wamala alina satifikeeti mu by'obulimi.<ref>https://hicginewsagency.com/2015/06/22/uganda-chief-of-defense-forces-gen-katumba-wamala-with-hon-kivumbi-earnest-benjamin/</ref> Mu 2007, yatikkirwa okuva mu [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] ne Ddiguli esooka mu nkolagana y'amawanga n'enkola z'amawanga okuteeseganya. Alina ne Ddiguli eyokubiri mu bukulembeze obw'okulengera embeera eyomumaaso ([[Master of Science degree in strategic leadership]]) gye yafunira mu ttendekero li [[United States Army War College]] .<ref>"The Chief of Defence Forces, Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala". ''specialforcescommand.go.ug''. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2015.</ref><ref>Tebajjukira, Madinah (22 April 2007). "Uganda: General Katumba Gets First Class Degree". New Vision via AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>Alina amabaluwa g'ekinnamagye okuva mu matendekero gano wammanga; [[Uganda Military Academy]], [[Tanzania Military Academy.]] waliwo n'ebbaluwa gye yafuna okuva tendekero ly'amagye erya [[Soviet Union,]] endala yagifunira mu [[Nigerian Command and staff College,]] ne mu [[United States Army command and staff College]], ssaako ne gye yafunira mu [[United States Army War College]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151223092033/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/463676</ref>Mu 2023, [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] yamuwa ekitiibwa ky'obwa Dokita mu kusiima ettofaali lyatadde ku kitundu kye, Eggwanga, n'abantu.<ref>Samuel Muhimba (26 October 2023). "Gen Katumba Wamala awarded honorary doctorate". ''Nile Post Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Wamala yali offiisa mu ggye lya [[Uganda National Liberation Army.(UNLA)]] ,eggye lya [[National Resistance Army]](NRA) bwe lyawangula [[Uganda National Liberation Front|UNLA]] mu mwaka gwa 1986. Bw'atyo yakyusa nadda mu NRA awataali kimutaataganya.<ref>Kato, Joshua (5 September 2005). "Rebels Turned UPDF Commanders". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Wakati wa 1999 ne 2000, Katumba yali muyizi mu ttendekero ly'amaggye erya [[U.S Army War college]] mu [[Carlisle County, Kentucky|Carlisle]], mu Pennsyvania. Wakati wa 2000 ne 2001,ng'ali ku ddaala lya [[Major General]], yaduumira eggye ly'eggwanga mu ggwanga lya [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]]. Yalondebwa ng'omuduumizi wa police mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Mu Gwomunaana 2003,Katumba yakiika mu lukungaana lw'ekibiina ekigatta Bannayuganda abawangaalirra mu North America lu UNAA mu [[Boston]], Massachusets.<ref>"Uganda: N. American Ugandans Meet". New Vision (Kampala). 2 September 2003. Retrieved 18 February 2026.</ref> Olwo yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya [[luteenanti general]] era naaweebwa eky'okudduumira eggye ly'eggwanga eryokuttaka erisangibwa mu bbalakisi y'amaggye e Bombo nekimufuula omu ku b'offiisa b'amagye abasinga obukulu mu ggye lya Uganda.<ref>Candia, Steven (3 November 2005). "Major General Kale Kaihura Takes Over Police Force". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Mu mulimu gwe nga omuduumizi w'amagye gookuttaka, yenyigira nnyo mu nteekateeka z'eggye erikuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]] ezimanyiddwa ennyo nga [[AMISOM]].<ref>Ayiga Ondoga (14 February 2010). "Over 1,700 UPDF Soldiers for Somalia". Kampala: New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>. Nga 23 Ogwokutaano 2013,yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya genero era naalondebwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'Eggwanga.<ref>John Tugume (24 May 2013). "General Katumba Wamala To Head The Uganda Army". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> == Okugezaako okumutemula. == Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba Wamala bwe yali agenda mu kibuga, abasajja bana abaali babagalidde emigemerawala baasindirira mmotoka ye amasasi mu Kisaasi, ku nkingizi za Kampala.Wamala yafiuna ebiwundu ku bibegaabega byombi, naye yasimattuka naddusibwa mu ddwaliro .Ddereeva we Haruna Kayondo ne muwala we Nantongo battibwa mukifo awaali obulumbaganyi.Abooluganda lwa Brenda bonna beetaba mu lumbe lwa Brenda Wamala Nantongo.<ref>Sam Waswa (1 June 2021). "General Katumba Wamala Attacked by Gunmen; Daughter Reported Dead". ''ChimpReports''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills 2". ''Deutsche Welle''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Katumba Wamala: Uganda minister shot in assassination attempt". ''BBC News''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver". ''The Guardian''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref>.Oluvannuma lw'omwezi ogw'okunoonyereza nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 2021, ab'obuyinza baalaga nti abalumbaganyi baali basiraamu ba nalukalala abantendekembwa mu nkabi ya ba Jihaadi mu Kivu ey'Obukiika kkono e [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]] era balina akakwate ku ggye lya [[Allied Democratic Forces]] (ADF) ne [[Islamic State]].<ref>"Uganda links Islamist rebels to attempted murder of minister". ''Reuters''. 1 July 2021.</ref> [[President of Uganda|Pulezidenti wa Uganda]] [[Yoweri Museveni]] yavumirira obulumbaganyi, bweyannyonyola "ng'omulimu gw' embizi ezitawa bulamu muwendo" == Okuwummula okuva mu ggye Lya UPDF == Mu Gwomunaana 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 47 egy'omuddiriȠȠana egy'obuweereza bw'eggye ly'eggwanga Genereo Katumba wamala waakuwummula okuva mu ggye ly'eggwanaga (UPDF) eyo ng'omwaka gunaatera okuggwako. Agenda mu maaso okuweereza nga minisita mu kabbineeti ya Uganda.<ref>Dan Wandera (9 August 2026). "Gen Katumba honoured ahead of UPDF retirement". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>Rogers Atukunda (10 August 2026). "Katumba Wamala Marks 47 Years of Military Service Ppays Tribute To Museveni". ''SoftPower Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/video/a-look-at-gen-katumba-wamala-s-47-years-in-uniform-5565620</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == * [http://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=179 Ekibanja kya Genero Katumba Wamala ku kibanja ki Parliament.go.ug] * [[google:katumba+wamala&bav=on.2,or.r_qf.&bvm=bv.47008514,d.ZWU&biw=1093&bih=431&wrapid=tlif136958939673410&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hl=en&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&ei=qUaiUamQIsKLhQenpYHoDA#facrc=_&imgrc=fxbDKFBWvBBReM%3A%3BNcUy5YNzw-VGtM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fdanwaanews.com%252Fwp-content%252Fuploads%252F2013%252F01%252FLt%252BGen%252BEdward%252Bkatumba%252BWamala%252BCommander%252BLand%252BForces.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fdanwaanews.com%252F%253Fp%253D6351%3B1000%3B967|Ebifaananyi bya genero Katumba Wamala ku mukutu gwa google.com]] {| class="wikitable" | colspan="3" valign="top" | '''Abalondeddwa mu poliisi''' |- | valign="top" |'''Yadda mu bigere bya''' John Kisembo | valign="top" |'''Omuduumizi wa Poliisi ya Uganda''' 2003-2005 | valign="top" |Eyamuddira mu bigere '''Kale Kayihura''' |- | colspan="3" valign="top" |'''Ofiisi z'amaggye''' |- | valign="top" | '''Yadda mu bigere bya''' Aronda Nyakairima | valign="top" |'''Omuduumizi owokuntikko ow'eggye lya Uganda''' 2013-2017 | valign="top" |'''Eyamuddira mu bigere''' David Muhoozi |- | colspan="3" valign="top" | '''Ofiisi z'obuweereza bwa gavumenti''' |- | valign="top" |'''Yadda mu bigere bya''' Monica Azuba Ntege | valign="top" |'''Minisita w'emirimu n'ebyentambula''' Ogwekkumineebiri 2019-Ogwokutaano 2026 | valign="top" |'''Eyamuddira mu bigere''' Fred Byamukama |- | valign="top" | '''Yadda mu bigere bya''' Wilson Muruli Mukasa | valign="top" |'''Minisita w'Abakozi ba Gavumenti''' Ogwokutaanao 2026-Okutuusa leero | valign="top" |'''Eyamuddira mu bigere''' Ekifo yakirimu |} [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1956]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] [[Category:Abaganda]] [[Category:Abaduumizi ba police ya Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Uganda Millitary Academy]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army and General Staff College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku the Command and General staff College abatali Bamerica]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army War College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Tanzania Military Academy]] [[Category:Baminisita ba gavumenti ya Uganda]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'omwenda]] [[Category:Bagenero ba Uganda]] [[Category:Abakoseddwa ebikolwa by'obumenyi bw'amateeka]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda ab'emirimu gya gavumenti]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda ab'ebyentambula]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] [[Category:Abaduumizi abokuntikkpo ab'eggye (Uganda)]] gl2v3r3lbgxe61hxap1rhwbxhif151b 74347 74346 2026-09-09T17:48:44Z Ssebuufu 9882 74347 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg|thumb|Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg]] '''Edward Katumba Wamala''' (yazaalibwa 19 ogwekkuminoogumu 1956) asinga kumanyibwa nga '''Katumba Wamala''' munnamaggye eyagannyuka era munnabyabufuzi Munnayuganda aweereza nga Minisita w'Abakozi ba gavumenti kabbineeti ya Uganda, okuva nga 26 Ogwokutaana 2026.<ref>"Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle". ''Daily Monitor''. 26 May 2026. Retrieved 16 July 2026.</ref><ref>"Museveni hails retiring UPDF generals for building peace and security". ''Monitor''. 21 August 2026. Retrieved 23 August 2026.</ref> Nga tannatuuka mu kifo kye kyalimu mu kiseera kino ,Katumba Wamala yaweereza nga minisita omubeezi ow'eby'emirimu mu kabbineeti ya [[Uganda]].<ref>Taddeo Bwambale (10 January 2017). "Muhoozi Replaces Katumba As Army Chief". ''New Vision''. Kampala. Retrieved 10 June 2017.</ref> Era yaweerezaako nga Chief of Staff ow'eggye lya Uganda li Uganda Peoples Defense Forces (UPDF) okuva 2013 okutuusa 2017 ng'era yeeyali omuduumizi w'eggye lya Uganda eryokuttaka okuva mu 2005 okutuusa 2013.<ref name=":1">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/lt-gen-katumba-wamala-from-an-aspiring-doctor-to-an-army-general-1525652</ref>Era yaweerezaako ng'omuduumizi wa poliisi ya Uganda (IGP) eddaala erisinga okuba era waggulu mu ttabi ero erya gavumenti ya Uganda, okuva mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Wamala yeeyali omujaasi w'eggye lya UPDF eyasooka okuweereza ng'omuduumizi poliisi ya Uganda, ng'akyaweereza mu maggye nga tasoose kulekulira. Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba yasimattuka okugezaako okumutemula, mu Kisaasi ekisangibwa mu nkingizi za [[Kampala]], abasajja ababagalidde emmundu bwebaamulumba nebamutuusaako ebisago, okutta muwalawe ne ddereeva, nebamulekera ebiwundu by'amasasi ku bibegaabega byombi.<ref>"Katumba Wamala shooting: Uganda minister's daughter killed". ''news.yahoo.com''. Retrieved 7 June 2021.</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Reuters |date=2021-06-01 |title=Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/01/ugandan-minister-hurt-in-assassination-bid-that-killed-his-daughter |access-date=2026-09-09 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwekkuminoogumu mu mwaka gwa 1956 e Bweeza mu [[Kalangala (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] mu Bizinga by'e Ssese, mu Ttundutundu lya [[Buganda]], [[Uganda]] <ref>Candia, Steven (31 October 2005). "Police Will Miss Katumba Wamala". New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>.Okusoma yakutandikira ku Nakibizzi primary school (Ku lw'e [[Jinja]]).Nera yasomera ku St. James nga kati ssomero lya siniya mu Jinja) n'e Bukomero mwannyina gyeyali omusomesa.<ref name=":1" /> Okusoma kwa pulayimale oluvannyuma yakumalirako ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kampala]] mugandawe ne maama we gyebaali basengukidde.Ku mutendera gwa siniya, Katumba agamba teyatambula nnyo engeri gye yatebenkera ku Old Kampala Secondary School emyaka mukaaga.<ref name=":1" /> Ng'ali ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School, Katumba agamba nti yayiga essomo erimulinnyisizza amadaala ag'amaanyi." Nasaba omusomesa olukusa okugenda okwetewuluzaako. Omusomesa teyamanya nti nali njagala kufuna kifo kisirifu okusomeramu akatabo, nenkwatibwa omukulu w'essomero mwami Wakatamba . Namulimba nti nali nfunye olukusa okuva ew'omusomesa naye oluvannyuma olw'okwebuusa naakizuula nti nali nnimba, yantwala mu offiisi ye nangalamiza ku mmeeza empanvu nanswanyuula embooko ttaano olw'okukola ekintu ekituufu mu kiseera ekikyamu ne mu kifo ekikyamu" Katumba bwagamba<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=independent |first=The |date=2017-02-07 |title=PROFILE: Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/gen-edward-katumba-wamala/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=The Independent Uganda: |language=en-US}}</ref> Essomo ero lyansigalamu nti nebwenafuulibwa omuduumizi wa poliisi, nagenda okukyalira mwami Wakatamba-Omukulu w'essomero okumusiima naye namusiȠȠaana mu mbeera nga tasobola kuntegeera.<ref name=":0" /> Katumba Wamala alina satifikeeti mu by'obulimi.<ref>https://hicginewsagency.com/2015/06/22/uganda-chief-of-defense-forces-gen-katumba-wamala-with-hon-kivumbi-earnest-benjamin/</ref> Mu 2007, yatikkirwa okuva mu [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] ne Ddiguli esooka mu nkolagana y'amawanga n'enkola z'amawanga okuteeseganya. Alina ne Ddiguli eyokubiri mu bukulembeze obw'okulengera embeera eyomumaaso ([[Master of Science degree in strategic leadership]]) gye yafunira mu ttendekero li [[United States Army War College]] .<ref>"The Chief of Defence Forces, Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala". ''specialforcescommand.go.ug''. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2015.</ref><ref>Tebajjukira, Madinah (22 April 2007). "Uganda: General Katumba Gets First Class Degree". New Vision via AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>Alina amabaluwa g'ekinnamagye okuva mu matendekero gano wammanga; [[Uganda Military Academy]], [[Tanzania Military Academy.]] waliwo n'ebbaluwa gye yafuna okuva tendekero ly'amagye erya [[Soviet Union,]] endala yagifunira mu [[Nigerian Command and staff College,]] ne mu [[United States Army command and staff College]], ssaako ne gye yafunira mu [[United States Army War College]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151223092033/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/463676</ref>Mu 2023, [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] yamuwa ekitiibwa ky'obwa Dokita mu kusiima ettofaali lyatadde ku kitundu kye, Eggwanga, n'abantu.<ref>Samuel Muhimba (26 October 2023). "Gen Katumba Wamala awarded honorary doctorate". ''Nile Post Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Wamala yali offiisa mu ggye lya [[Uganda National Liberation Army.(UNLA)]] ,eggye lya [[National Resistance Army]](NRA) bwe lyawangula [[Uganda National Liberation Front|UNLA]] mu mwaka gwa 1986. Bw'atyo yakyusa nadda mu NRA awataali kimutaataganya.<ref>Kato, Joshua (5 September 2005). "Rebels Turned UPDF Commanders". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Wakati wa 1999 ne 2000, Katumba yali muyizi mu ttendekero ly'amaggye erya [[U.S Army War college]] mu [[Carlisle County, Kentucky|Carlisle]], mu Pennsyvania. Wakati wa 2000 ne 2001,ng'ali ku ddaala lya [[Major General]], yaduumira eggye ly'eggwanga mu ggwanga lya [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]]. Yalondebwa ng'omuduumizi wa police mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Mu Gwomunaana 2003,Katumba yakiika mu lukungaana lw'ekibiina ekigatta Bannayuganda abawangaalirra mu North America lu UNAA mu [[Boston]], Massachusets.<ref>"Uganda: N. American Ugandans Meet". New Vision (Kampala). 2 September 2003. Retrieved 18 February 2026.</ref> Olwo yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya [[luteenanti general]] era naaweebwa eky'okudduumira eggye ly'eggwanga eryokuttaka erisangibwa mu bbalakisi y'amaggye e Bombo nekimufuula omu ku b'offiisa b'amagye abasinga obukulu mu ggye lya Uganda.<ref>Candia, Steven (3 November 2005). "Major General Kale Kaihura Takes Over Police Force". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Mu mulimu gwe nga omuduumizi w'amagye gookuttaka, yenyigira nnyo mu nteekateeka z'eggye erikuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]] ezimanyiddwa ennyo nga [[AMISOM]].<ref>Ayiga Ondoga (14 February 2010). "Over 1,700 UPDF Soldiers for Somalia". Kampala: New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>. Nga 23 Ogwokutaano 2013,yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya genero era naalondebwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'Eggwanga.<ref>John Tugume (24 May 2013). "General Katumba Wamala To Head The Uganda Army". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> == Okugezaako okumutemula. == Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba Wamala bwe yali agenda mu kibuga, abasajja bana abaali babagalidde emigemerawala baasindirira mmotoka ye amasasi mu Kisaasi, ku nkingizi za Kampala.Wamala yafiuna ebiwundu ku bibegaabega byombi, naye yasimattuka naddusibwa mu ddwaliro .Ddereeva we Haruna Kayondo ne muwala we Nantongo battibwa mukifo awaali obulumbaganyi.Abooluganda lwa Brenda bonna beetaba mu lumbe lwa Brenda Wamala Nantongo.<ref>Sam Waswa (1 June 2021). "General Katumba Wamala Attacked by Gunmen; Daughter Reported Dead". ''ChimpReports''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills 2". ''Deutsche Welle''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Katumba Wamala: Uganda minister shot in assassination attempt". ''BBC News''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver". ''The Guardian''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref>.Oluvannuma lw'omwezi ogw'okunoonyereza nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 2021, ab'obuyinza baalaga nti abalumbaganyi baali basiraamu ba nalukalala abantendekembwa mu nkabi ya ba Jihaadi mu Kivu ey'Obukiika kkono e [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]] era balina akakwate ku ggye lya [[Allied Democratic Forces]] (ADF) ne [[Islamic State]].<ref>"Uganda links Islamist rebels to attempted murder of minister". ''Reuters''. 1 July 2021.</ref> [[President of Uganda|Pulezidenti wa Uganda]] [[Yoweri Museveni]] yavumirira obulumbaganyi, bweyannyonyola "ng'omulimu gw' embizi ezitawa bulamu muwendo" == Okuwummula okuva mu ggye Lya UPDF == Mu Gwomunaana 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 47 egy'omuddiriȠȠana egy'obuweereza bw'eggye ly'eggwanga Genereo Katumba wamala waakuwummula okuva mu ggye ly'eggwanaga (UPDF) eyo ng'omwaka gunaatera okuggwako. Agenda mu maaso okuweereza nga minisita mu kabbineeti ya Uganda.<ref>Dan Wandera (9 August 2026). "Gen Katumba honoured ahead of UPDF retirement". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>Rogers Atukunda (10 August 2026). "Katumba Wamala Marks 47 Years of Military Service Ppays Tribute To Museveni". ''SoftPower Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/video/a-look-at-gen-katumba-wamala-s-47-years-in-uniform-5565620</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == * [http://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=179 Ekibanja kya Genero Katumba Wamala ku kibanja ki Parliament.go.ug] * [[google:katumba+wamala&bav=on.2,or.r_qf.&bvm=bv.47008514,d.ZWU&biw=1093&bih=431&wrapid=tlif136958939673410&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hl=en&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&ei=qUaiUamQIsKLhQenpYHoDA#facrc=_&imgrc=fxbDKFBWvBBReM%3A%3BNcUy5YNzw-VGtM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fdanwaanews.com%252Fwp-content%252Fuploads%252F2013%252F01%252FLt%252BGen%252BEdward%252Bkatumba%252BWamala%252BCommander%252BLand%252BForces.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fdanwaanews.com%252F%253Fp%253D6351%3B1000%3B967|Ebifaananyi bya genero Katumba Wamala ku mukutu gwa google.com]] {| class="wikitable" | colspan="3" valign="top" | '''Abalondeddwa mu poliisi''' |- | valign="top" |'''Yadda mu bigere bya''' John Kisembo | valign="top" |'''Omuduumizi wa Poliisi ya Uganda''' 2003-2005 | valign="top" |Eyamuddira mu bigere '''Kale Kayihura''' |- | colspan="3" valign="top" |'''Ofiisi z'amaggye''' |- | valign="top" | '''Yadda mu bigere bya''' Aronda Nyakairima | valign="top" |'''Omuduumizi owokuntikko ow'eggye lya Uganda''' 2013-2017 | valign="top" |'''Eyamuddira mu bigere''' David Muhoozi |- | colspan="3" valign="top" | '''Ofiisi z'obuweereza bwa gavumenti''' |- | valign="top" |'''Yadda mu bigere bya''' Monica Azuba Ntege | valign="top" |'''Minisita w'emirimu n'ebyentambula''' Ogwekkumineebiri 2019-Ogwokutaano 2026 | valign="top" |'''Eyamuddira mu bigere''' Fred Byamukama |- | valign="top" | '''Yadda mu bigere bya''' Wilson Muruli Mukasa | valign="top" |'''Minisita w'Abakozi ba Gavumenti''' Ogwokutaanao 2026-Okutuusa leero | valign="top" |'''Eyamuddira mu bigere''' Ekifo yakirimu |} [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1956]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] [[Category:Abaganda]] [[Category:Abaduumizi ba police ya Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Uganda Millitary Academy]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army and General Staff College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku the Command and General staff College abatali Bamerica]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army War College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Tanzania Military Academy]] [[Category:Baminisita ba gavumenti ya Uganda]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'omwenda]] [[Category:Bagenero ba Uganda]] [[Category:Abakoseddwa ebikolwa by'obumenyi bw'amateeka]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda ab'emirimu gya gavumenti]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda ab'ebyentambula]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] [[Category:Abaduumizi abokuntikkpo ab'eggye (Uganda)]] ivgyfah2i5k0nlyr63n8tmzfaegavfc 74348 74347 2026-09-09T17:50:09Z Ssebuufu 9882 74348 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg|thumb|Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg]] '''Edward Katumba Wamala''' (yazaalibwa 19 ogwekkuminoogumu 1956) asinga kumanyibwa nga '''Katumba Wamala''' munnamaggye eyagannyuka era munnabyabufuzi Munnayuganda aweereza nga Minisita w'Abakozi ba gavumenti kabbineeti ya Uganda, okuva nga 26 Ogwokutaana 2026.<ref>"Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle". ''Daily Monitor''. 26 May 2026. Retrieved 16 July 2026.</ref><ref>"Museveni hails retiring UPDF generals for building peace and security". ''Monitor''. 21 August 2026. Retrieved 23 August 2026.</ref> Nga tannatuuka mu kifo kye kyalimu mu kiseera kino ,Katumba Wamala yaweereza nga minisita omubeezi ow'eby'emirimu mu kabbineeti ya [[Uganda]].<ref>Taddeo Bwambale (10 January 2017). "Muhoozi Replaces Katumba As Army Chief". ''New Vision''. Kampala. Retrieved 10 June 2017.</ref> Era yaweerezaako nga Chief of Staff ow'eggye lya Uganda li Uganda Peoples Defense Forces (UPDF) okuva 2013 okutuusa 2017 ng'era yeeyali omuduumizi w'eggye lya Uganda eryokuttaka okuva mu 2005 okutuusa 2013.<ref name=":1">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/lt-gen-katumba-wamala-from-an-aspiring-doctor-to-an-army-general-1525652</ref>Era yaweerezaako ng'omuduumizi wa poliisi ya Uganda (IGP) eddaala erisinga okuba era waggulu mu ttabi ero erya gavumenti ya Uganda, okuva mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Wamala yeeyali omujaasi w'eggye lya UPDF eyasooka okuweereza ng'omuduumizi poliisi ya Uganda, ng'akyaweereza mu maggye nga tasoose kulekulira. Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba yasimattuka okugezaako okumutemula, mu Kisaasi ekisangibwa mu nkingizi za [[Kampala]], abasajja ababagalidde emmundu bwebaamulumba nebamutuusaako ebisago, okutta muwalawe ne ddereeva, nebamulekera ebiwundu by'amasasi ku bibegaabega byombi.<ref>"Katumba Wamala shooting: Uganda minister's daughter killed". ''news.yahoo.com''. Retrieved 7 June 2021.</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Reuters |date=2021-06-01 |title=Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/01/ugandan-minister-hurt-in-assassination-bid-that-killed-his-daughter |access-date=2026-09-09 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwekkuminoogumu mu mwaka gwa 1956 e Bweeza mu [[Kalangala (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] mu Bizinga by'e Ssese, mu Ttundutundu lya [[Buganda]], [[Uganda]] <ref>Candia, Steven (31 October 2005). "Police Will Miss Katumba Wamala". New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>.Okusoma yakutandikira ku Nakibizzi primary school (Ku lw'e [[Jinja]]).Nera yasomera ku St. James nga kati ssomero lya siniya mu Jinja) n'e Bukomero mwannyina gyeyali omusomesa.<ref name=":1" /> Okusoma kwa pulayimale oluvannyuma yakumalirako ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kampala]] mugandawe ne maama we gyebaali basengukidde.Ku mutendera gwa siniya, Katumba agamba teyatambula nnyo engeri gye yatebenkera ku Old Kampala Secondary School emyaka mukaaga.<ref name=":1" /> Ng'ali ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School, Katumba agamba nti yayiga essomo erimulinnyisizza amadaala ag'amaanyi." Nasaba omusomesa olukusa okugenda okwetewuluzaako. Omusomesa teyamanya nti nali njagala kufuna kifo kisirifu okusomeramu akatabo, nenkwatibwa omukulu w'essomero mwami Wakatamba . Namulimba nti nali nfunye olukusa okuva ew'omusomesa naye oluvannyuma olw'okwebuusa naakizuula nti nali nnimba, yantwala mu offiisi ye nangalamiza ku mmeeza empanvu nanswanyuula embooko ttaano olw'okukola ekintu ekituufu mu kiseera ekikyamu ne mu kifo ekikyamu" Katumba bwagamba<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=independent |first=The |date=2017-02-07 |title=PROFILE: Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/gen-edward-katumba-wamala/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=The Independent Uganda: |language=en-US}}</ref> Essomo ero lyansigalamu nti nebwenafuulibwa omuduumizi wa poliisi, nagenda okukyalira mwami Wakatamba-Omukulu w'essomero okumusiima naye namusiȠȠaana mu mbeera nga tasobola kuntegeera.<ref name=":0" /> Katumba Wamala alina satifikeeti mu by'obulimi.<ref>https://hicginewsagency.com/2015/06/22/uganda-chief-of-defense-forces-gen-katumba-wamala-with-hon-kivumbi-earnest-benjamin/</ref> Mu 2007, yatikkirwa okuva mu [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] ne Ddiguli esooka mu nkolagana y'amawanga n'enkola z'amawanga okuteeseganya. Alina ne Ddiguli eyokubiri mu bukulembeze obw'okulengera embeera eyomumaaso ([[Master of Science degree in strategic leadership]]) gye yafunira mu ttendekero li [[United States Army War College]] .<ref>"The Chief of Defence Forces, Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala". ''specialforcescommand.go.ug''. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2015.</ref><ref>Tebajjukira, Madinah (22 April 2007). "Uganda: General Katumba Gets First Class Degree". New Vision via AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>Alina amabaluwa g'ekinnamagye okuva mu matendekero gano wammanga; [[Uganda Military Academy]], [[Tanzania Military Academy.]] waliwo n'ebbaluwa gye yafuna okuva tendekero ly'amagye erya [[Soviet Union,]] endala yagifunira mu [[Nigerian Command and staff College,]] ne mu [[United States Army command and staff College]], ssaako ne gye yafunira mu [[United States Army War College]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151223092033/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/463676</ref>Mu 2023, [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] yamuwa ekitiibwa ky'obwa Dokita mu kusiima ettofaali lyatadde ku kitundu kye, Eggwanga, n'abantu.<ref>Samuel Muhimba (26 October 2023). "Gen Katumba Wamala awarded honorary doctorate". ''Nile Post Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Wamala yali offiisa mu ggye lya [[Uganda National Liberation Army.(UNLA)]] ,eggye lya [[National Resistance Army]](NRA) bwe lyawangula [[Uganda National Liberation Front|UNLA]] mu mwaka gwa 1986. Bw'atyo yakyusa nadda mu NRA awataali kimutaataganya.<ref>Kato, Joshua (5 September 2005). "Rebels Turned UPDF Commanders". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Wakati wa 1999 ne 2000, Katumba yali muyizi mu ttendekero ly'amaggye erya [[U.S Army War college]] mu [[Carlisle County, Kentucky|Carlisle]], mu Pennsyvania. Wakati wa 2000 ne 2001,ng'ali ku ddaala lya [[Major General]], yaduumira eggye ly'eggwanga mu ggwanga lya [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]]. Yalondebwa ng'omuduumizi wa police mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Mu Gwomunaana 2003,Katumba yakiika mu lukungaana lw'ekibiina ekigatta Bannayuganda abawangaalirra mu North America lu UNAA mu [[Boston]], Massachusets.<ref>"Uganda: N. American Ugandans Meet". New Vision (Kampala). 2 September 2003. Retrieved 18 February 2026.</ref> Olwo yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya [[luteenanti general]] era naaweebwa eky'okudduumira eggye ly'eggwanga eryokuttaka erisangibwa mu bbalakisi y'amaggye e Bombo nekimufuula omu ku b'offiisa b'amagye abasinga obukulu mu ggye lya Uganda.<ref>Candia, Steven (3 November 2005). "Major General Kale Kaihura Takes Over Police Force". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Mu mulimu gwe nga omuduumizi w'amagye gookuttaka, yenyigira nnyo mu nteekateeka z'eggye erikuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]] ezimanyiddwa ennyo nga [[AMISOM]].<ref>Ayiga Ondoga (14 February 2010). "Over 1,700 UPDF Soldiers for Somalia". Kampala: New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>. Nga 23 Ogwokutaano 2013,yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya genero era naalondebwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'Eggwanga.<ref>John Tugume (24 May 2013). "General Katumba Wamala To Head The Uganda Army". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> == Okugezaako okumutemula. == Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba Wamala bwe yali agenda mu kibuga, abasajja bana abaali babagalidde emigemerawala baasindirira mmotoka ye amasasi mu Kisaasi, ku nkingizi za Kampala.Wamala yafiuna ebiwundu ku bibegaabega byombi, naye yasimattuka naddusibwa mu ddwaliro .Ddereeva we Haruna Kayondo ne muwala we Nantongo battibwa mukifo awaali obulumbaganyi.Abooluganda lwa Brenda bonna beetaba mu lumbe lwa Brenda Wamala Nantongo.<ref>Sam Waswa (1 June 2021). "General Katumba Wamala Attacked by Gunmen; Daughter Reported Dead". ''ChimpReports''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills 2". ''Deutsche Welle''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Katumba Wamala: Uganda minister shot in assassination attempt". ''BBC News''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver". ''The Guardian''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref>.Oluvannuma lw'omwezi ogw'okunoonyereza nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 2021, ab'obuyinza baalaga nti abalumbaganyi baali basiraamu ba nalukalala abantendekembwa mu nkabi ya ba Jihaadi mu Kivu ey'Obukiika kkono e [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]] era balina akakwate ku ggye lya [[Allied Democratic Forces]] (ADF) ne [[Islamic State]].<ref>"Uganda links Islamist rebels to attempted murder of minister". ''Reuters''. 1 July 2021.</ref> [[President of Uganda|Pulezidenti wa Uganda]] [[Yoweri Museveni]] yavumirira obulumbaganyi, bweyannyonyola "ng'omulimu gw' embizi ezitawa bulamu muwendo" == Okuwummula okuva mu ggye Lya UPDF == Mu Gwomunaana 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 47 egy'omuddiriȠȠana egy'obuweereza bw'eggye ly'eggwanga Genereo Katumba wamala waakuwummula okuva mu ggye ly'eggwanaga (UPDF) eyo ng'omwaka gunaatera okuggwako. Agenda mu maaso okuweereza nga minisita mu kabbineeti ya Uganda.<ref>Dan Wandera (9 August 2026). "Gen Katumba honoured ahead of UPDF retirement". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>Rogers Atukunda (10 August 2026). "Katumba Wamala Marks 47 Years of Military Service Ppays Tribute To Museveni". ''SoftPower Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-21 |title=A look at Gen Katumba Wamala's 47 years in uniform |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/video/a-look-at-gen-katumba-wamala-s-47-years-in-uniform-5565620 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == * [http://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=179 Ekibanja kya Genero Katumba Wamala ku kibanja ki Parliament.go.ug] * [[google:katumba+wamala&bav=on.2,or.r_qf.&bvm=bv.47008514,d.ZWU&biw=1093&bih=431&wrapid=tlif136958939673410&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hl=en&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&ei=qUaiUamQIsKLhQenpYHoDA#facrc=_&imgrc=fxbDKFBWvBBReM%3A%3BNcUy5YNzw-VGtM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fdanwaanews.com%252Fwp-content%252Fuploads%252F2013%252F01%252FLt%252BGen%252BEdward%252Bkatumba%252BWamala%252BCommander%252BLand%252BForces.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fdanwaanews.com%252F%253Fp%253D6351%3B1000%3B967|Ebifaananyi bya genero Katumba Wamala ku mukutu gwa google.com]] {| class="wikitable" | colspan="3" valign="top" | '''Abalondeddwa mu poliisi''' |- | valign="top" |'''Yadda mu bigere bya''' John Kisembo | valign="top" |'''Omuduumizi wa Poliisi ya Uganda''' 2003-2005 | valign="top" |Eyamuddira mu bigere '''Kale Kayihura''' |- | colspan="3" valign="top" |'''Ofiisi z'amaggye''' |- | valign="top" | '''Yadda mu bigere bya''' Aronda Nyakairima | valign="top" |'''Omuduumizi owokuntikko ow'eggye lya Uganda''' 2013-2017 | valign="top" |'''Eyamuddira mu bigere''' David Muhoozi |- | colspan="3" valign="top" | '''Ofiisi z'obuweereza bwa gavumenti''' |- | valign="top" |'''Yadda mu bigere bya''' Monica Azuba Ntege | valign="top" |'''Minisita w'emirimu n'ebyentambula''' Ogwekkumineebiri 2019-Ogwokutaano 2026 | valign="top" |'''Eyamuddira mu bigere''' Fred Byamukama |- | valign="top" | '''Yadda mu bigere bya''' Wilson Muruli Mukasa | valign="top" |'''Minisita w'Abakozi ba Gavumenti''' Ogwokutaanao 2026-Okutuusa leero | valign="top" |'''Eyamuddira mu bigere''' Ekifo yakirimu |} [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1956]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] [[Category:Abaganda]] [[Category:Abaduumizi ba police ya Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Uganda Millitary Academy]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army and General Staff College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku the Command and General staff College abatali Bamerica]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army War College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Tanzania Military Academy]] [[Category:Baminisita ba gavumenti ya Uganda]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'omwenda]] [[Category:Bagenero ba Uganda]] [[Category:Abakoseddwa ebikolwa by'obumenyi bw'amateeka]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda ab'emirimu gya gavumenti]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda ab'ebyentambula]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] [[Category:Abaduumizi abokuntikkpo ab'eggye (Uganda)]] s4hgqowtvrjdnxwcf6ijm16crnsslb4 74349 74348 2026-09-09T17:51:25Z Ssebuufu 9882 74349 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg|thumb|Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg]] '''Edward Katumba Wamala''' (yazaalibwa 19 ogwekkuminoogumu 1956) asinga kumanyibwa nga '''Katumba Wamala''' munnamaggye eyagannyuka era munnabyabufuzi Munnayuganda aweereza nga Minisita w'Abakozi ba gavumenti kabbineeti ya Uganda, okuva nga 26 Ogwokutaana 2026.<ref>"Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle". ''Daily Monitor''. 26 May 2026. Retrieved 16 July 2026.</ref><ref>"Museveni hails retiring UPDF generals for building peace and security". ''Monitor''. 21 August 2026. Retrieved 23 August 2026.</ref> Nga tannatuuka mu kifo kye kyalimu mu kiseera kino ,Katumba Wamala yaweereza nga minisita omubeezi ow'eby'emirimu mu kabbineeti ya [[Uganda]].<ref>Taddeo Bwambale (10 January 2017). "Muhoozi Replaces Katumba As Army Chief". ''New Vision''. Kampala. Retrieved 10 June 2017.</ref> Era yaweerezaako nga Chief of Staff ow'eggye lya Uganda li Uganda Peoples Defense Forces (UPDF) okuva 2013 okutuusa 2017 ng'era yeeyali omuduumizi w'eggye lya Uganda eryokuttaka okuva mu 2005 okutuusa 2013.<ref name=":1">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/lt-gen-katumba-wamala-from-an-aspiring-doctor-to-an-army-general-1525652</ref>Era yaweerezaako ng'omuduumizi wa poliisi ya Uganda (IGP) eddaala erisinga okuba era waggulu mu ttabi ero erya gavumenti ya Uganda, okuva mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Wamala yeeyali omujaasi w'eggye lya UPDF eyasooka okuweereza ng'omuduumizi poliisi ya Uganda, ng'akyaweereza mu maggye nga tasoose kulekulira. Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba yasimattuka okugezaako okumutemula, mu Kisaasi ekisangibwa mu nkingizi za [[Kampala]], abasajja ababagalidde emmundu bwebaamulumba nebamutuusaako ebisago, okutta muwalawe ne ddereeva, nebamulekera ebiwundu by'amasasi ku bibegaabega byombi.<ref>"Katumba Wamala shooting: Uganda minister's daughter killed". ''news.yahoo.com''. Retrieved 7 June 2021.</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Reuters |date=2021-06-01 |title=Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/01/ugandan-minister-hurt-in-assassination-bid-that-killed-his-daughter |access-date=2026-09-09 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwekkuminoogumu mu mwaka gwa 1956 e Bweeza mu [[Kalangala (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] mu Bizinga by'e Ssese, mu Ttundutundu lya [[Buganda]], [[Uganda]] <ref>Candia, Steven (31 October 2005). "Police Will Miss Katumba Wamala". New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>.Okusoma yakutandikira ku Nakibizzi primary school (Ku lw'e [[Jinja]]).Nera yasomera ku St. James nga kati ssomero lya siniya mu Jinja) n'e Bukomero mwannyina gyeyali omusomesa.<ref name=":1" /> Okusoma kwa pulayimale oluvannyuma yakumalirako ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kampala]] mugandawe ne maama we gyebaali basengukidde.Ku mutendera gwa siniya, Katumba agamba teyatambula nnyo engeri gye yatebenkera ku Old Kampala Secondary School emyaka mukaaga.<ref name=":1" /> Ng'ali ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School, Katumba agamba nti yayiga essomo erimulinnyisizza amadaala ag'amaanyi." Nasaba omusomesa olukusa okugenda okwetewuluzaako. Omusomesa teyamanya nti nali njagala kufuna kifo kisirifu okusomeramu akatabo, nenkwatibwa omukulu w'essomero mwami Wakatamba . Namulimba nti nali nfunye olukusa okuva ew'omusomesa naye oluvannyuma olw'okwebuusa naakizuula nti nali nnimba, yantwala mu offiisi ye nangalamiza ku mmeeza empanvu nanswanyuula embooko ttaano olw'okukola ekintu ekituufu mu kiseera ekikyamu ne mu kifo ekikyamu" Katumba bwagamba<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=independent |first=The |date=2017-02-07 |title=PROFILE: Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/gen-edward-katumba-wamala/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=The Independent Uganda: |language=en-US}}</ref> Essomo ero lyansigalamu nti nebwenafuulibwa omuduumizi wa poliisi, nagenda okukyalira mwami Wakatamba-Omukulu w'essomero okumusiima naye namusiȠȠaana mu mbeera nga tasobola kuntegeera.<ref name=":0" /> Katumba Wamala alina satifikeeti mu by'obulimi.<ref>https://hicginewsagency.com/2015/06/22/uganda-chief-of-defense-forces-gen-katumba-wamala-with-hon-kivumbi-earnest-benjamin/</ref> Mu 2007, yatikkirwa okuva mu [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] ne Ddiguli esooka mu nkolagana y'amawanga n'enkola z'amawanga okuteeseganya. Alina ne Ddiguli eyokubiri mu bukulembeze obw'okulengera embeera eyomumaaso ([[Master of Science degree in strategic leadership]]) gye yafunira mu ttendekero li [[United States Army War College]] .<ref>"The Chief of Defence Forces, Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala". ''specialforcescommand.go.ug''. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2015.</ref><ref>Tebajjukira, Madinah (22 April 2007). "Uganda: General Katumba Gets First Class Degree". New Vision via AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>Alina amabaluwa g'ekinnamagye okuva mu matendekero gano wammanga; [[Uganda Military Academy]], [[Tanzania Military Academy.]] waliwo n'ebbaluwa gye yafuna okuva tendekero ly'amagye erya [[Soviet Union,]] endala yagifunira mu [[Nigerian Command and staff College,]] ne mu [[United States Army command and staff College]], ssaako ne gye yafunira mu [[United States Army War College]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151223092033/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/463676</ref>Mu 2023, [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] yamuwa ekitiibwa ky'obwa Dokita mu kusiima ettofaali lyatadde ku kitundu kye, Eggwanga, n'abantu.<ref>Samuel Muhimba (26 October 2023). "Gen Katumba Wamala awarded honorary doctorate". ''Nile Post Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Wamala yali offiisa mu ggye lya [[Uganda National Liberation Army.(UNLA)]] ,eggye lya [[National Resistance Army]](NRA) bwe lyawangula [[Uganda National Liberation Front|UNLA]] mu mwaka gwa 1986. Bw'atyo yakyusa nadda mu NRA awataali kimutaataganya.<ref>Kato, Joshua (5 September 2005). "Rebels Turned UPDF Commanders". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Wakati wa 1999 ne 2000, Katumba yali muyizi mu ttendekero ly'amaggye erya [[U.S Army War college]] mu [[Carlisle County, Kentucky|Carlisle]], mu Pennsyvania. Wakati wa 2000 ne 2001,ng'ali ku ddaala lya [[Major General]], yaduumira eggye ly'eggwanga mu ggwanga lya [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]]. Yalondebwa ng'omuduumizi wa police mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Mu Gwomunaana 2003,Katumba yakiika mu lukungaana lw'ekibiina ekigatta Bannayuganda abawangaalirra mu North America lu UNAA mu [[Boston]], Massachusets.<ref>"Uganda: N. American Ugandans Meet". New Vision (Kampala). 2 September 2003. Retrieved 18 February 2026.</ref> Olwo yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya [[luteenanti general]] era naaweebwa eky'okudduumira eggye ly'eggwanga eryokuttaka erisangibwa mu bbalakisi y'amaggye e Bombo nekimufuula omu ku b'offiisa b'amagye abasinga obukulu mu ggye lya Uganda.<ref>Candia, Steven (3 November 2005). "Major General Kale Kaihura Takes Over Police Force". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Mu mulimu gwe nga omuduumizi w'amagye gookuttaka, yenyigira nnyo mu nteekateeka z'eggye erikuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]] ezimanyiddwa ennyo nga [[AMISOM]].<ref>Ayiga Ondoga (14 February 2010). "Over 1,700 UPDF Soldiers for Somalia". Kampala: New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>. Nga 23 Ogwokutaano 2013,yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya genero era naalondebwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'Eggwanga.<ref>John Tugume (24 May 2013). "General Katumba Wamala To Head The Uganda Army". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> == Okugezaako okumutemula. == Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba Wamala bwe yali agenda mu kibuga, abasajja bana abaali babagalidde emigemerawala baasindirira mmotoka ye amasasi mu Kisaasi, ku nkingizi za Kampala.Wamala yafiuna ebiwundu ku bibegaabega byombi, naye yasimattuka naddusibwa mu ddwaliro .Ddereeva we Haruna Kayondo ne muwala we Nantongo battibwa mukifo awaali obulumbaganyi.Abooluganda lwa Brenda bonna beetaba mu lumbe lwa Brenda Wamala Nantongo.<ref>Sam Waswa (1 June 2021). "General Katumba Wamala Attacked by Gunmen; Daughter Reported Dead". ''ChimpReports''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills 2". ''Deutsche Welle''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Katumba Wamala: Uganda minister shot in assassination attempt". ''BBC News''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver". ''The Guardian''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref>.Oluvannuma lw'omwezi ogw'okunoonyereza nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 2021, ab'obuyinza baalaga nti abalumbaganyi baali basiraamu ba nalukalala abantendekembwa mu nkabi ya ba Jihaadi mu Kivu ey'Obukiika kkono e [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]] era balina akakwate ku ggye lya [[Allied Democratic Forces]] (ADF) ne [[Islamic State]].<ref>"Uganda links Islamist rebels to attempted murder of minister". ''Reuters''. 1 July 2021.</ref> [[President of Uganda|Pulezidenti wa Uganda]] [[Yoweri Museveni]] yavumirira obulumbaganyi, bweyannyonyola "ng'omulimu gw' embizi ezitawa bulamu muwendo" == Okuwummula okuva mu ggye Lya UPDF == Mu Gwomunaana 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 47 egy'omuddiriȠȠana egy'obuweereza bw'eggye ly'eggwanga Genereo Katumba wamala waakuwummula okuva mu ggye ly'eggwanaga (UPDF) eyo ng'omwaka gunaatera okuggwako. Agenda mu maaso okuweereza nga minisita mu kabbineeti ya Uganda.<ref>Dan Wandera (9 August 2026). "Gen Katumba honoured ahead of UPDF retirement". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>Rogers Atukunda (10 August 2026). "Katumba Wamala Marks 47 Years of Military Service Ppays Tribute To Museveni". ''SoftPower Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-21 |title=A look at Gen Katumba Wamala's 47 years in uniform |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/video/a-look-at-gen-katumba-wamala-s-47-years-in-uniform-5565620 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == * Ekibanja kya Genero Katumba Wamala ku kibanja ki Parliament.go.ug * [[google:katumba+wamala&bav=on.2,or.r_qf.&bvm=bv.47008514,d.ZWU&biw=1093&bih=431&wrapid=tlif136958939673410&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hl=en&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&ei=qUaiUamQIsKLhQenpYHoDA#facrc=_&imgrc=fxbDKFBWvBBReM%3A%3BNcUy5YNzw-VGtM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fdanwaanews.com%252Fwp-content%252Fuploads%252F2013%252F01%252FLt%252BGen%252BEdward%252Bkatumba%252BWamala%252BCommander%252BLand%252BForces.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fdanwaanews.com%252F%253Fp%253D6351%3B1000%3B967|Ebifaananyi bya genero Katumba Wamala ku mukutu gwa google.com]] {| class="wikitable" | colspan="3" valign="top" | '''Abalondeddwa mu poliisi''' |- | valign="top" |'''Yadda mu bigere bya''' John Kisembo | valign="top" |'''Omuduumizi wa Poliisi ya Uganda''' 2003-2005 | valign="top" |Eyamuddira mu bigere '''Kale Kayihura''' |- | colspan="3" valign="top" |'''Ofiisi z'amaggye''' |- | valign="top" | '''Yadda mu bigere bya''' Aronda Nyakairima | valign="top" |'''Omuduumizi owokuntikko ow'eggye lya Uganda''' 2013-2017 | valign="top" |'''Eyamuddira mu bigere''' David Muhoozi |- | colspan="3" valign="top" | '''Ofiisi z'obuweereza bwa gavumenti''' |- | valign="top" |'''Yadda mu bigere bya''' Monica Azuba Ntege | valign="top" |'''Minisita w'emirimu n'ebyentambula''' Ogwekkumineebiri 2019-Ogwokutaano 2026 | valign="top" |'''Eyamuddira mu bigere''' Fred Byamukama |- | valign="top" | '''Yadda mu bigere bya''' Wilson Muruli Mukasa | valign="top" |'''Minisita w'Abakozi ba Gavumenti''' Ogwokutaanao 2026-Okutuusa leero | valign="top" |'''Eyamuddira mu bigere''' Ekifo yakirimu |} [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1956]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] [[Category:Abaganda]] [[Category:Abaduumizi ba police ya Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Uganda Millitary Academy]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army and General Staff College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku the Command and General staff College abatali Bamerica]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army War College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Tanzania Military Academy]] [[Category:Baminisita ba gavumenti ya Uganda]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'omwenda]] [[Category:Bagenero ba Uganda]] [[Category:Abakoseddwa ebikolwa by'obumenyi bw'amateeka]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda ab'emirimu gya gavumenti]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda ab'ebyentambula]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] [[Category:Abaduumizi abokuntikkpo ab'eggye (Uganda)]] guuwx83nijd9wmfsqup1m2mfs019gbd 74350 74349 2026-09-09T17:52:20Z Ssebuufu 9882 74350 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg|thumb|Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg]] '''Edward Katumba Wamala''' (yazaalibwa 19 ogwekkuminoogumu 1956) asinga kumanyibwa nga '''Katumba Wamala''' munnamaggye eyagannyuka era munnabyabufuzi Munnayuganda aweereza nga Minisita w'Abakozi ba gavumenti kabbineeti ya Uganda, okuva nga 26 Ogwokutaana 2026.<ref>"Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle". ''Daily Monitor''. 26 May 2026. Retrieved 16 July 2026.</ref><ref>"Museveni hails retiring UPDF generals for building peace and security". ''Monitor''. 21 August 2026. Retrieved 23 August 2026.</ref> Nga tannatuuka mu kifo kye kyalimu mu kiseera kino ,Katumba Wamala yaweereza nga minisita omubeezi ow'eby'emirimu mu kabbineeti ya [[Uganda]].<ref>Taddeo Bwambale (10 January 2017). "Muhoozi Replaces Katumba As Army Chief". ''New Vision''. Kampala. Retrieved 10 June 2017.</ref> Era yaweerezaako nga Chief of Staff ow'eggye lya Uganda li Uganda Peoples Defense Forces (UPDF) okuva 2013 okutuusa 2017 ng'era yeeyali omuduumizi w'eggye lya Uganda eryokuttaka okuva mu 2005 okutuusa 2013.<ref name=":1">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/lt-gen-katumba-wamala-from-an-aspiring-doctor-to-an-army-general-1525652</ref>Era yaweerezaako ng'omuduumizi wa poliisi ya Uganda (IGP) eddaala erisinga okuba era waggulu mu ttabi ero erya gavumenti ya Uganda, okuva mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Wamala yeeyali omujaasi w'eggye lya UPDF eyasooka okuweereza ng'omuduumizi poliisi ya Uganda, ng'akyaweereza mu maggye nga tasoose kulekulira. Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba yasimattuka okugezaako okumutemula, mu Kisaasi ekisangibwa mu nkingizi za [[Kampala]], abasajja ababagalidde emmundu bwebaamulumba nebamutuusaako ebisago, okutta muwalawe ne ddereeva, nebamulekera ebiwundu by'amasasi ku bibegaabega byombi.<ref>"Katumba Wamala shooting: Uganda minister's daughter killed". ''news.yahoo.com''. Retrieved 7 June 2021.</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Reuters |date=2021-06-01 |title=Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/01/ugandan-minister-hurt-in-assassination-bid-that-killed-his-daughter |access-date=2026-09-09 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwekkuminoogumu mu mwaka gwa 1956 e Bweeza mu [[Kalangala (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] mu Bizinga by'e Ssese, mu Ttundutundu lya [[Buganda]], [[Uganda]] <ref>Candia, Steven (31 October 2005). "Police Will Miss Katumba Wamala". New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>.Okusoma yakutandikira ku Nakibizzi primary school (Ku lw'e [[Jinja]]).Nera yasomera ku St. James nga kati ssomero lya siniya mu Jinja) n'e Bukomero mwannyina gyeyali omusomesa.<ref name=":1" /> Okusoma kwa pulayimale oluvannyuma yakumalirako ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kampala]] mugandawe ne maama we gyebaali basengukidde.Ku mutendera gwa siniya, Katumba agamba teyatambula nnyo engeri gye yatebenkera ku Old Kampala Secondary School emyaka mukaaga.<ref name=":1" /> Ng'ali ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School, Katumba agamba nti yayiga essomo erimulinnyisizza amadaala ag'amaanyi." Nasaba omusomesa olukusa okugenda okwetewuluzaako. Omusomesa teyamanya nti nali njagala kufuna kifo kisirifu okusomeramu akatabo, nenkwatibwa omukulu w'essomero mwami Wakatamba . Namulimba nti nali nfunye olukusa okuva ew'omusomesa naye oluvannyuma olw'okwebuusa naakizuula nti nali nnimba, yantwala mu offiisi ye nangalamiza ku mmeeza empanvu nanswanyuula embooko ttaano olw'okukola ekintu ekituufu mu kiseera ekikyamu ne mu kifo ekikyamu" Katumba bwagamba<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=independent |first=The |date=2017-02-07 |title=PROFILE: Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/gen-edward-katumba-wamala/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=The Independent Uganda: |language=en-US}}</ref> Essomo ero lyansigalamu nti nebwenafuulibwa omuduumizi wa poliisi, nagenda okukyalira mwami Wakatamba-Omukulu w'essomero okumusiima naye namusiȠȠaana mu mbeera nga tasobola kuntegeera.<ref name=":0" /> Katumba Wamala alina satifikeeti mu by'obulimi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agency |first=HICGI News |date=2015-06-22 |title=Uganda Chief of Defense Forces Gen Katumba Wamala with Hon Kivumbi Earnest Benjamin |url=https://hicginewsagency.com/2015/06/22/uganda-chief-of-defense-forces-gen-katumba-wamala-with-hon-kivumbi-earnest-benjamin/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=HICGI News Agency |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2007, yatikkirwa okuva mu [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] ne Ddiguli esooka mu nkolagana y'amawanga n'enkola z'amawanga okuteeseganya. Alina ne Ddiguli eyokubiri mu bukulembeze obw'okulengera embeera eyomumaaso ([[Master of Science degree in strategic leadership]]) gye yafunira mu ttendekero li [[United States Army War College]] .<ref>"The Chief of Defence Forces, Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala". ''specialforcescommand.go.ug''. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2015.</ref><ref>Tebajjukira, Madinah (22 April 2007). "Uganda: General Katumba Gets First Class Degree". New Vision via AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>Alina amabaluwa g'ekinnamagye okuva mu matendekero gano wammanga; [[Uganda Military Academy]], [[Tanzania Military Academy.]] waliwo n'ebbaluwa gye yafuna okuva tendekero ly'amagye erya [[Soviet Union,]] endala yagifunira mu [[Nigerian Command and staff College,]] ne mu [[United States Army command and staff College]], ssaako ne gye yafunira mu [[United States Army War College]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151223092033/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/463676</ref>Mu 2023, [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] yamuwa ekitiibwa ky'obwa Dokita mu kusiima ettofaali lyatadde ku kitundu kye, Eggwanga, n'abantu.<ref>Samuel Muhimba (26 October 2023). "Gen Katumba Wamala awarded honorary doctorate". ''Nile Post Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Wamala yali offiisa mu ggye lya [[Uganda National Liberation Army.(UNLA)]] ,eggye lya [[National Resistance Army]](NRA) bwe lyawangula [[Uganda National Liberation Front|UNLA]] mu mwaka gwa 1986. Bw'atyo yakyusa nadda mu NRA awataali kimutaataganya.<ref>Kato, Joshua (5 September 2005). "Rebels Turned UPDF Commanders". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Wakati wa 1999 ne 2000, Katumba yali muyizi mu ttendekero ly'amaggye erya [[U.S Army War college]] mu [[Carlisle County, Kentucky|Carlisle]], mu Pennsyvania. Wakati wa 2000 ne 2001,ng'ali ku ddaala lya [[Major General]], yaduumira eggye ly'eggwanga mu ggwanga lya [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]]. Yalondebwa ng'omuduumizi wa police mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Mu Gwomunaana 2003,Katumba yakiika mu lukungaana lw'ekibiina ekigatta Bannayuganda abawangaalirra mu North America lu UNAA mu [[Boston]], Massachusets.<ref>"Uganda: N. American Ugandans Meet". New Vision (Kampala). 2 September 2003. Retrieved 18 February 2026.</ref> Olwo yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya [[luteenanti general]] era naaweebwa eky'okudduumira eggye ly'eggwanga eryokuttaka erisangibwa mu bbalakisi y'amaggye e Bombo nekimufuula omu ku b'offiisa b'amagye abasinga obukulu mu ggye lya Uganda.<ref>Candia, Steven (3 November 2005). "Major General Kale Kaihura Takes Over Police Force". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Mu mulimu gwe nga omuduumizi w'amagye gookuttaka, yenyigira nnyo mu nteekateeka z'eggye erikuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]] ezimanyiddwa ennyo nga [[AMISOM]].<ref>Ayiga Ondoga (14 February 2010). "Over 1,700 UPDF Soldiers for Somalia". Kampala: New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>. Nga 23 Ogwokutaano 2013,yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya genero era naalondebwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'Eggwanga.<ref>John Tugume (24 May 2013). "General Katumba Wamala To Head The Uganda Army". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> == Okugezaako okumutemula. == Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba Wamala bwe yali agenda mu kibuga, abasajja bana abaali babagalidde emigemerawala baasindirira mmotoka ye amasasi mu Kisaasi, ku nkingizi za Kampala.Wamala yafiuna ebiwundu ku bibegaabega byombi, naye yasimattuka naddusibwa mu ddwaliro .Ddereeva we Haruna Kayondo ne muwala we Nantongo battibwa mukifo awaali obulumbaganyi.Abooluganda lwa Brenda bonna beetaba mu lumbe lwa Brenda Wamala Nantongo.<ref>Sam Waswa (1 June 2021). "General Katumba Wamala Attacked by Gunmen; Daughter Reported Dead". ''ChimpReports''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills 2". ''Deutsche Welle''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Katumba Wamala: Uganda minister shot in assassination attempt". ''BBC News''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver". ''The Guardian''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref>.Oluvannuma lw'omwezi ogw'okunoonyereza nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 2021, ab'obuyinza baalaga nti abalumbaganyi baali basiraamu ba nalukalala abantendekembwa mu nkabi ya ba Jihaadi mu Kivu ey'Obukiika kkono e [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]] era balina akakwate ku ggye lya [[Allied Democratic Forces]] (ADF) ne [[Islamic State]].<ref>"Uganda links Islamist rebels to attempted murder of minister". ''Reuters''. 1 July 2021.</ref> [[President of Uganda|Pulezidenti wa Uganda]] [[Yoweri Museveni]] yavumirira obulumbaganyi, bweyannyonyola "ng'omulimu gw' embizi ezitawa bulamu muwendo" == Okuwummula okuva mu ggye Lya UPDF == Mu Gwomunaana 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 47 egy'omuddiriȠȠana egy'obuweereza bw'eggye ly'eggwanga Genereo Katumba wamala waakuwummula okuva mu ggye ly'eggwanaga (UPDF) eyo ng'omwaka gunaatera okuggwako. Agenda mu maaso okuweereza nga minisita mu kabbineeti ya Uganda.<ref>Dan Wandera (9 August 2026). "Gen Katumba honoured ahead of UPDF retirement". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>Rogers Atukunda (10 August 2026). "Katumba Wamala Marks 47 Years of Military Service Ppays Tribute To Museveni". ''SoftPower Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-21 |title=A look at Gen Katumba Wamala's 47 years in uniform |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/video/a-look-at-gen-katumba-wamala-s-47-years-in-uniform-5565620 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == * Ekibanja kya Genero Katumba Wamala ku kibanja ki Parliament.go.ug * [[google:katumba+wamala&bav=on.2,or.r_qf.&bvm=bv.47008514,d.ZWU&biw=1093&bih=431&wrapid=tlif136958939673410&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hl=en&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&ei=qUaiUamQIsKLhQenpYHoDA#facrc=_&imgrc=fxbDKFBWvBBReM%3A%3BNcUy5YNzw-VGtM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fdanwaanews.com%252Fwp-content%252Fuploads%252F2013%252F01%252FLt%252BGen%252BEdward%252Bkatumba%252BWamala%252BCommander%252BLand%252BForces.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fdanwaanews.com%252F%253Fp%253D6351%3B1000%3B967|Ebifaananyi bya genero Katumba Wamala ku mukutu gwa google.com]] {| class="wikitable" | colspan="3" valign="top" | '''Abalondeddwa mu poliisi''' |- | valign="top" |'''Yadda mu bigere bya''' John Kisembo | valign="top" |'''Omuduumizi wa Poliisi ya Uganda''' 2003-2005 | valign="top" |Eyamuddira mu bigere '''Kale Kayihura''' |- | colspan="3" valign="top" |'''Ofiisi z'amaggye''' |- | valign="top" | '''Yadda mu bigere bya''' Aronda Nyakairima | valign="top" |'''Omuduumizi owokuntikko ow'eggye lya Uganda''' 2013-2017 | valign="top" |'''Eyamuddira mu bigere''' David Muhoozi |- | colspan="3" valign="top" | '''Ofiisi z'obuweereza bwa gavumenti''' |- | valign="top" |'''Yadda mu bigere bya''' Monica Azuba Ntege | valign="top" |'''Minisita w'emirimu n'ebyentambula''' Ogwekkumineebiri 2019-Ogwokutaano 2026 | valign="top" |'''Eyamuddira mu bigere''' Fred Byamukama |- | valign="top" | '''Yadda mu bigere bya''' Wilson Muruli Mukasa | valign="top" |'''Minisita w'Abakozi ba Gavumenti''' Ogwokutaanao 2026-Okutuusa leero | valign="top" |'''Eyamuddira mu bigere''' Ekifo yakirimu |} [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1956]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] [[Category:Abaganda]] [[Category:Abaduumizi ba police ya Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Uganda Millitary Academy]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army and General Staff College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku the Command and General staff College abatali Bamerica]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army War College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Tanzania Military Academy]] [[Category:Baminisita ba gavumenti ya Uganda]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'omwenda]] [[Category:Bagenero ba Uganda]] [[Category:Abakoseddwa ebikolwa by'obumenyi bw'amateeka]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda ab'emirimu gya gavumenti]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda ab'ebyentambula]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] [[Category:Abaduumizi abokuntikkpo ab'eggye (Uganda)]] 3zjixz256wvl0ejlt2arflcz6m0kws7 74352 74350 2026-09-09T17:52:40Z Ssebuufu 9882 74352 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg|thumb|Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg]] '''Edward Katumba Wamala''' (yazaalibwa 19 ogwekkuminoogumu 1956) asinga kumanyibwa nga '''Katumba Wamala''' munnamaggye eyagannyuka era munnabyabufuzi Munnayuganda aweereza nga Minisita w'Abakozi ba gavumenti kabbineeti ya Uganda, okuva nga 26 Ogwokutaana 2026.<ref>"Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle". ''Daily Monitor''. 26 May 2026. Retrieved 16 July 2026.</ref><ref>"Museveni hails retiring UPDF generals for building peace and security". ''Monitor''. 21 August 2026. Retrieved 23 August 2026.</ref> Nga tannatuuka mu kifo kye kyalimu mu kiseera kino ,Katumba Wamala yaweereza nga minisita omubeezi ow'eby'emirimu mu kabbineeti ya [[Uganda]].<ref>Taddeo Bwambale (10 January 2017). "Muhoozi Replaces Katumba As Army Chief". ''New Vision''. Kampala. Retrieved 10 June 2017.</ref> Era yaweerezaako nga Chief of Staff ow'eggye lya Uganda li Uganda Peoples Defense Forces (UPDF) okuva 2013 okutuusa 2017 ng'era yeeyali omuduumizi w'eggye lya Uganda eryokuttaka okuva mu 2005 okutuusa 2013.<ref name=":1">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/lt-gen-katumba-wamala-from-an-aspiring-doctor-to-an-army-general-1525652</ref>Era yaweerezaako ng'omuduumizi wa poliisi ya Uganda (IGP) eddaala erisinga okuba era waggulu mu ttabi ero erya gavumenti ya Uganda, okuva mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Wamala yeeyali omujaasi w'eggye lya UPDF eyasooka okuweereza ng'omuduumizi poliisi ya Uganda, ng'akyaweereza mu maggye nga tasoose kulekulira. Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba yasimattuka okugezaako okumutemula, mu Kisaasi ekisangibwa mu nkingizi za [[Kampala]], abasajja ababagalidde emmundu bwebaamulumba nebamutuusaako ebisago, okutta muwalawe ne ddereeva, nebamulekera ebiwundu by'amasasi ku bibegaabega byombi.<ref>"Katumba Wamala shooting: Uganda minister's daughter killed". ''news.yahoo.com''. Retrieved 7 June 2021.</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Reuters |date=2021-06-01 |title=Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/01/ugandan-minister-hurt-in-assassination-bid-that-killed-his-daughter |access-date=2026-09-09 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwekkuminoogumu mu mwaka gwa 1956 e Bweeza mu [[Kalangala (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] mu Bizinga by'e Ssese, mu Ttundutundu lya [[Buganda]], [[Uganda]] <ref>Candia, Steven (31 October 2005). "Police Will Miss Katumba Wamala". New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>.Okusoma yakutandikira ku Nakibizzi primary school (Ku lw'e [[Jinja]]).Nera yasomera ku St. James nga kati ssomero lya siniya mu Jinja) n'e Bukomero mwannyina gyeyali omusomesa.<ref name=":1" /> Okusoma kwa pulayimale oluvannyuma yakumalirako ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kampala]] mugandawe ne maama we gyebaali basengukidde.Ku mutendera gwa siniya, Katumba agamba teyatambula nnyo engeri gye yatebenkera ku Old Kampala Secondary School emyaka mukaaga.<ref name=":1" /> Ng'ali ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School, Katumba agamba nti yayiga essomo erimulinnyisizza amadaala ag'amaanyi." Nasaba omusomesa olukusa okugenda okwetewuluzaako. Omusomesa teyamanya nti nali njagala kufuna kifo kisirifu okusomeramu akatabo, nenkwatibwa omukulu w'essomero mwami Wakatamba . Namulimba nti nali nfunye olukusa okuva ew'omusomesa naye oluvannyuma olw'okwebuusa naakizuula nti nali nnimba, yantwala mu offiisi ye nangalamiza ku mmeeza empanvu nanswanyuula embooko ttaano olw'okukola ekintu ekituufu mu kiseera ekikyamu ne mu kifo ekikyamu" Katumba bwagamba<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=independent |first=The |date=2017-02-07 |title=PROFILE: Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/gen-edward-katumba-wamala/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=The Independent Uganda: |language=en-US}}</ref> Essomo ero lyansigalamu nti nebwenafuulibwa omuduumizi wa poliisi, nagenda okukyalira mwami Wakatamba-Omukulu w'essomero okumusiima naye namusiȠȠaana mu mbeera nga tasobola kuntegeera.<ref name=":0" /> Katumba Wamala alina satifikeeti mu by'obulimi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agency |first=HICGI News |date=2015-06-22 |title=Uganda Chief of Defense Forces Gen Katumba Wamala with Hon Kivumbi Earnest Benjamin |url=https://hicginewsagency.com/2015/06/22/uganda-chief-of-defense-forces-gen-katumba-wamala-with-hon-kivumbi-earnest-benjamin/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=HICGI News Agency |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2007, yatikkirwa okuva mu [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] ne Ddiguli esooka mu nkolagana y'amawanga n'enkola z'amawanga okuteeseganya. Alina ne Ddiguli eyokubiri mu bukulembeze obw'okulengera embeera eyomumaaso ([[Master of Science degree in strategic leadership]]) gye yafunira mu ttendekero li [[United States Army War College]] .<ref>"The Chief of Defence Forces, Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala". ''specialforcescommand.go.ug''. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2015.</ref><ref>Tebajjukira, Madinah (22 April 2007). "Uganda: General Katumba Gets First Class Degree". New Vision via AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>Alina amabaluwa g'ekinnamagye okuva mu matendekero gano wammanga; [[Uganda Military Academy]], [[Tanzania Military Academy.]] waliwo n'ebbaluwa gye yafuna okuva tendekero ly'amagye erya [[Soviet Union,]] endala yagifunira mu [[Nigerian Command and staff College,]] ne mu [[United States Army command and staff College]], ssaako ne gye yafunira mu United States Army War College.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151223092033/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/463676</ref>Mu 2023, [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] yamuwa ekitiibwa ky'obwa Dokita mu kusiima ettofaali lyatadde ku kitundu kye, Eggwanga, n'abantu.<ref>Samuel Muhimba (26 October 2023). "Gen Katumba Wamala awarded honorary doctorate". ''Nile Post Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Wamala yali offiisa mu ggye lya [[Uganda National Liberation Army.(UNLA)]] ,eggye lya [[National Resistance Army]](NRA) bwe lyawangula [[Uganda National Liberation Front|UNLA]] mu mwaka gwa 1986. Bw'atyo yakyusa nadda mu NRA awataali kimutaataganya.<ref>Kato, Joshua (5 September 2005). "Rebels Turned UPDF Commanders". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Wakati wa 1999 ne 2000, Katumba yali muyizi mu ttendekero ly'amaggye erya [[U.S Army War college]] mu [[Carlisle County, Kentucky|Carlisle]], mu Pennsyvania. Wakati wa 2000 ne 2001,ng'ali ku ddaala lya [[Major General]], yaduumira eggye ly'eggwanga mu ggwanga lya [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]]. Yalondebwa ng'omuduumizi wa police mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Mu Gwomunaana 2003,Katumba yakiika mu lukungaana lw'ekibiina ekigatta Bannayuganda abawangaalirra mu North America lu UNAA mu [[Boston]], Massachusets.<ref>"Uganda: N. American Ugandans Meet". New Vision (Kampala). 2 September 2003. Retrieved 18 February 2026.</ref> Olwo yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya [[luteenanti general]] era naaweebwa eky'okudduumira eggye ly'eggwanga eryokuttaka erisangibwa mu bbalakisi y'amaggye e Bombo nekimufuula omu ku b'offiisa b'amagye abasinga obukulu mu ggye lya Uganda.<ref>Candia, Steven (3 November 2005). "Major General Kale Kaihura Takes Over Police Force". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Mu mulimu gwe nga omuduumizi w'amagye gookuttaka, yenyigira nnyo mu nteekateeka z'eggye erikuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]] ezimanyiddwa ennyo nga [[AMISOM]].<ref>Ayiga Ondoga (14 February 2010). "Over 1,700 UPDF Soldiers for Somalia". Kampala: New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>. Nga 23 Ogwokutaano 2013,yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya genero era naalondebwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'Eggwanga.<ref>John Tugume (24 May 2013). "General Katumba Wamala To Head The Uganda Army". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> == Okugezaako okumutemula. == Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba Wamala bwe yali agenda mu kibuga, abasajja bana abaali babagalidde emigemerawala baasindirira mmotoka ye amasasi mu Kisaasi, ku nkingizi za Kampala.Wamala yafiuna ebiwundu ku bibegaabega byombi, naye yasimattuka naddusibwa mu ddwaliro .Ddereeva we Haruna Kayondo ne muwala we Nantongo battibwa mukifo awaali obulumbaganyi.Abooluganda lwa Brenda bonna beetaba mu lumbe lwa Brenda Wamala Nantongo.<ref>Sam Waswa (1 June 2021). "General Katumba Wamala Attacked by Gunmen; Daughter Reported Dead". ''ChimpReports''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills 2". ''Deutsche Welle''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Katumba Wamala: Uganda minister shot in assassination attempt". ''BBC News''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver". ''The Guardian''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref>.Oluvannuma lw'omwezi ogw'okunoonyereza nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 2021, ab'obuyinza baalaga nti abalumbaganyi baali basiraamu ba nalukalala abantendekembwa mu nkabi ya ba Jihaadi mu Kivu ey'Obukiika kkono e [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]] era balina akakwate ku ggye lya [[Allied Democratic Forces]] (ADF) ne [[Islamic State]].<ref>"Uganda links Islamist rebels to attempted murder of minister". ''Reuters''. 1 July 2021.</ref> [[President of Uganda|Pulezidenti wa Uganda]] [[Yoweri Museveni]] yavumirira obulumbaganyi, bweyannyonyola "ng'omulimu gw' embizi ezitawa bulamu muwendo" == Okuwummula okuva mu ggye Lya UPDF == Mu Gwomunaana 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 47 egy'omuddiriȠȠana egy'obuweereza bw'eggye ly'eggwanga Genereo Katumba wamala waakuwummula okuva mu ggye ly'eggwanaga (UPDF) eyo ng'omwaka gunaatera okuggwako. Agenda mu maaso okuweereza nga minisita mu kabbineeti ya Uganda.<ref>Dan Wandera (9 August 2026). "Gen Katumba honoured ahead of UPDF retirement". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>Rogers Atukunda (10 August 2026). "Katumba Wamala Marks 47 Years of Military Service Ppays Tribute To Museveni". ''SoftPower Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-21 |title=A look at Gen Katumba Wamala's 47 years in uniform |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/video/a-look-at-gen-katumba-wamala-s-47-years-in-uniform-5565620 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == * Ekibanja kya Genero Katumba Wamala ku kibanja ki Parliament.go.ug * [[google:katumba+wamala&bav=on.2,or.r_qf.&bvm=bv.47008514,d.ZWU&biw=1093&bih=431&wrapid=tlif136958939673410&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hl=en&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&ei=qUaiUamQIsKLhQenpYHoDA#facrc=_&imgrc=fxbDKFBWvBBReM%3A%3BNcUy5YNzw-VGtM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fdanwaanews.com%252Fwp-content%252Fuploads%252F2013%252F01%252FLt%252BGen%252BEdward%252Bkatumba%252BWamala%252BCommander%252BLand%252BForces.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fdanwaanews.com%252F%253Fp%253D6351%3B1000%3B967|Ebifaananyi bya genero Katumba Wamala ku mukutu gwa google.com]] {| class="wikitable" | colspan="3" valign="top" | '''Abalondeddwa mu poliisi''' |- | valign="top" |'''Yadda mu bigere bya''' John Kisembo | valign="top" |'''Omuduumizi wa Poliisi ya Uganda''' 2003-2005 | valign="top" |Eyamuddira mu bigere '''Kale Kayihura''' |- | colspan="3" valign="top" |'''Ofiisi z'amaggye''' |- | valign="top" | '''Yadda mu bigere bya''' Aronda Nyakairima | valign="top" |'''Omuduumizi owokuntikko ow'eggye lya Uganda''' 2013-2017 | valign="top" |'''Eyamuddira mu bigere''' David Muhoozi |- | colspan="3" valign="top" | '''Ofiisi z'obuweereza bwa gavumenti''' |- | valign="top" |'''Yadda mu bigere bya''' Monica Azuba Ntege | valign="top" |'''Minisita w'emirimu n'ebyentambula''' Ogwekkumineebiri 2019-Ogwokutaano 2026 | valign="top" |'''Eyamuddira mu bigere''' Fred Byamukama |- | valign="top" | '''Yadda mu bigere bya''' Wilson Muruli Mukasa | valign="top" |'''Minisita w'Abakozi ba Gavumenti''' Ogwokutaanao 2026-Okutuusa leero | valign="top" |'''Eyamuddira mu bigere''' Ekifo yakirimu |} [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1956]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] [[Category:Abaganda]] [[Category:Abaduumizi ba police ya Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Uganda Millitary Academy]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army and General Staff College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku the Command and General staff College abatali Bamerica]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army War College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Tanzania Military Academy]] [[Category:Baminisita ba gavumenti ya Uganda]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'omwenda]] [[Category:Bagenero ba Uganda]] [[Category:Abakoseddwa ebikolwa by'obumenyi bw'amateeka]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda ab'emirimu gya gavumenti]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda ab'ebyentambula]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] [[Category:Abaduumizi abokuntikkpo ab'eggye (Uganda)]] k073lj9fkq1xudsslgs23a68g6wo1zz 74353 74352 2026-09-09T17:53:00Z Ssebuufu 9882 74353 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg|thumb|Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg]] '''Edward Katumba Wamala''' (yazaalibwa 19 ogwekkuminoogumu 1956) asinga kumanyibwa nga '''Katumba Wamala''' munnamaggye eyagannyuka era munnabyabufuzi Munnayuganda aweereza nga Minisita w'Abakozi ba gavumenti kabbineeti ya Uganda, okuva nga 26 Ogwokutaana 2026.<ref>"Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle". ''Daily Monitor''. 26 May 2026. Retrieved 16 July 2026.</ref><ref>"Museveni hails retiring UPDF generals for building peace and security". ''Monitor''. 21 August 2026. Retrieved 23 August 2026.</ref> Nga tannatuuka mu kifo kye kyalimu mu kiseera kino ,Katumba Wamala yaweereza nga minisita omubeezi ow'eby'emirimu mu kabbineeti ya [[Uganda]].<ref>Taddeo Bwambale (10 January 2017). "Muhoozi Replaces Katumba As Army Chief". ''New Vision''. Kampala. Retrieved 10 June 2017.</ref> Era yaweerezaako nga Chief of Staff ow'eggye lya Uganda li Uganda Peoples Defense Forces (UPDF) okuva 2013 okutuusa 2017 ng'era yeeyali omuduumizi w'eggye lya Uganda eryokuttaka okuva mu 2005 okutuusa 2013.<ref name=":1">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/lt-gen-katumba-wamala-from-an-aspiring-doctor-to-an-army-general-1525652</ref>Era yaweerezaako ng'omuduumizi wa poliisi ya Uganda (IGP) eddaala erisinga okuba era waggulu mu ttabi ero erya gavumenti ya Uganda, okuva mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Wamala yeeyali omujaasi w'eggye lya UPDF eyasooka okuweereza ng'omuduumizi poliisi ya Uganda, ng'akyaweereza mu maggye nga tasoose kulekulira. Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba yasimattuka okugezaako okumutemula, mu Kisaasi ekisangibwa mu nkingizi za [[Kampala]], abasajja ababagalidde emmundu bwebaamulumba nebamutuusaako ebisago, okutta muwalawe ne ddereeva, nebamulekera ebiwundu by'amasasi ku bibegaabega byombi.<ref>"Katumba Wamala shooting: Uganda minister's daughter killed". ''news.yahoo.com''. Retrieved 7 June 2021.</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Reuters |date=2021-06-01 |title=Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/01/ugandan-minister-hurt-in-assassination-bid-that-killed-his-daughter |access-date=2026-09-09 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwekkuminoogumu mu mwaka gwa 1956 e Bweeza mu [[Kalangala (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] mu Bizinga by'e Ssese, mu Ttundutundu lya [[Buganda]], [[Uganda]] <ref>Candia, Steven (31 October 2005). "Police Will Miss Katumba Wamala". New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>.Okusoma yakutandikira ku Nakibizzi primary school (Ku lw'e [[Jinja]]).Nera yasomera ku St. James nga kati ssomero lya siniya mu Jinja) n'e Bukomero mwannyina gyeyali omusomesa.<ref name=":1" /> Okusoma kwa pulayimale oluvannyuma yakumalirako ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kampala]] mugandawe ne maama we gyebaali basengukidde.Ku mutendera gwa siniya, Katumba agamba teyatambula nnyo engeri gye yatebenkera ku Old Kampala Secondary School emyaka mukaaga.<ref name=":1" /> Ng'ali ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School, Katumba agamba nti yayiga essomo erimulinnyisizza amadaala ag'amaanyi." Nasaba omusomesa olukusa okugenda okwetewuluzaako. Omusomesa teyamanya nti nali njagala kufuna kifo kisirifu okusomeramu akatabo, nenkwatibwa omukulu w'essomero mwami Wakatamba . Namulimba nti nali nfunye olukusa okuva ew'omusomesa naye oluvannyuma olw'okwebuusa naakizuula nti nali nnimba, yantwala mu offiisi ye nangalamiza ku mmeeza empanvu nanswanyuula embooko ttaano olw'okukola ekintu ekituufu mu kiseera ekikyamu ne mu kifo ekikyamu" Katumba bwagamba<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=independent |first=The |date=2017-02-07 |title=PROFILE: Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/gen-edward-katumba-wamala/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=The Independent Uganda: |language=en-US}}</ref> Essomo ero lyansigalamu nti nebwenafuulibwa omuduumizi wa poliisi, nagenda okukyalira mwami Wakatamba-Omukulu w'essomero okumusiima naye namusiȠȠaana mu mbeera nga tasobola kuntegeera.<ref name=":0" /> Katumba Wamala alina satifikeeti mu by'obulimi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agency |first=HICGI News |date=2015-06-22 |title=Uganda Chief of Defense Forces Gen Katumba Wamala with Hon Kivumbi Earnest Benjamin |url=https://hicginewsagency.com/2015/06/22/uganda-chief-of-defense-forces-gen-katumba-wamala-with-hon-kivumbi-earnest-benjamin/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=HICGI News Agency |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2007, yatikkirwa okuva mu [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] ne Ddiguli esooka mu nkolagana y'amawanga n'enkola z'amawanga okuteeseganya. Alina ne Ddiguli eyokubiri mu bukulembeze obw'okulengera embeera eyomumaaso ([[Master of Science degree in strategic leadership]]) gye yafunira mu ttendekero li [[United States Army War College]] .<ref>"The Chief of Defence Forces, Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala". ''specialforcescommand.go.ug''. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2015.</ref><ref>Tebajjukira, Madinah (22 April 2007). "Uganda: General Katumba Gets First Class Degree". New Vision via AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>Alina amabaluwa g'ekinnamagye okuva mu matendekero gano wammanga; [[Uganda Military Academy]], [[Tanzania Military Academy.]] waliwo n'ebbaluwa gye yafuna okuva tendekero ly'amagye erya [[Soviet Union,]] endala yagifunira mu [[Nigerian Command and staff College,]] ne mu [[United States Army command and staff College]], ssaako ne gye yafunira mu United States Army War College.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151223092033/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/463676</ref>Mu 2023, [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] yamuwa ekitiibwa ky'obwa Dokita mu kusiima ettofaali lyatadde ku kitundu kye, Eggwanga, n'abantu.<ref>Samuel Muhimba (26 October 2023). "Gen Katumba Wamala awarded honorary doctorate". ''Nile Post Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Wamala yali offiisa mu ggye lya [[Uganda National Liberation Army.(UNLA)]] ,eggye lya [[National Resistance Army]](NRA) bwe lyawangula [[Uganda National Liberation Front|UNLA]] mu mwaka gwa 1986. Bw'atyo yakyusa nadda mu NRA awataali kimutaataganya.<ref>Kato, Joshua (5 September 2005). "Rebels Turned UPDF Commanders". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Wakati wa 1999 ne 2000, Katumba yali muyizi mu ttendekero ly'amaggye erya [[U.S Army War college]] mu [[Carlisle County, Kentucky|Carlisle]], mu Pennsyvania. Wakati wa 2000 ne 2001,ng'ali ku ddaala lya [[Major General]], yaduumira eggye ly'eggwanga mu ggwanga lya [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]]. Yalondebwa ng'omuduumizi wa police mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Mu Gwomunaana 2003,Katumba yakiika mu lukungaana lw'ekibiina ekigatta Bannayuganda abawangaalirra mu North America lu UNAA mu [[Boston]], Massachusets.<ref>"Uganda: N. American Ugandans Meet". New Vision (Kampala). 2 September 2003. Retrieved 18 February 2026.</ref> Olwo yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya [[luteenanti general]] era naaweebwa eky'okudduumira eggye ly'eggwanga eryokuttaka erisangibwa mu bbalakisi y'amaggye e Bombo nekimufuula omu ku b'offiisa b'amagye abasinga obukulu mu ggye lya Uganda.<ref>Candia, Steven (3 November 2005). "Major General Kale Kaihura Takes Over Police Force". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Mu mulimu gwe nga omuduumizi w'amagye gookuttaka, yenyigira nnyo mu nteekateeka z'eggye erikuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]] ezimanyiddwa ennyo nga [[AMISOM]].<ref>Ayiga Ondoga (14 February 2010). "Over 1,700 UPDF Soldiers for Somalia". Kampala: New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>. Nga 23 Ogwokutaano 2013,yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya genero era naalondebwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'Eggwanga.<ref>John Tugume (24 May 2013). "General Katumba Wamala To Head The Uganda Army". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> == Okugezaako okumutemula. == Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba Wamala bwe yali agenda mu kibuga, abasajja bana abaali babagalidde emigemerawala baasindirira mmotoka ye amasasi mu Kisaasi, ku nkingizi za Kampala.Wamala yafiuna ebiwundu ku bibegaabega byombi, naye yasimattuka naddusibwa mu ddwaliro .Ddereeva we Haruna Kayondo ne muwala we Nantongo battibwa mukifo awaali obulumbaganyi.Abooluganda lwa Brenda bonna beetaba mu lumbe lwa Brenda Wamala Nantongo.<ref>Sam Waswa (1 June 2021). "General Katumba Wamala Attacked by Gunmen; Daughter Reported Dead". ''ChimpReports''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills 2". ''Deutsche Welle''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Katumba Wamala: Uganda minister shot in assassination attempt". ''BBC News''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver". ''The Guardian''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref>.Oluvannuma lw'omwezi ogw'okunoonyereza nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 2021, ab'obuyinza baalaga nti abalumbaganyi baali basiraamu ba nalukalala abantendekembwa mu nkabi ya ba Jihaadi mu Kivu ey'Obukiika kkono e [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]] era balina akakwate ku ggye lya [[Allied Democratic Forces]] (ADF) ne [[Islamic State]].<ref>"Uganda links Islamist rebels to attempted murder of minister". ''Reuters''. 1 July 2021.</ref> [[President of Uganda|Pulezidenti wa Uganda]] [[Yoweri Museveni]] yavumirira obulumbaganyi, bweyannyonyola "ng'omulimu gw' embizi ezitawa bulamu muwendo" == Okuwummula okuva mu ggye Lya UPDF == Mu Gwomunaana 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 47 egy'omuddiriȠȠana egy'obuweereza bw'eggye ly'eggwanga Genereo Katumba wamala waakuwummula okuva mu ggye ly'eggwanaga (UPDF) eyo ng'omwaka gunaatera okuggwako. Agenda mu maaso okuweereza nga minisita mu kabbineeti ya Uganda.<ref>Dan Wandera (9 August 2026). "Gen Katumba honoured ahead of UPDF retirement". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>Rogers Atukunda (10 August 2026). "Katumba Wamala Marks 47 Years of Military Service Ppays Tribute To Museveni". ''SoftPower Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-21 |title=A look at Gen Katumba Wamala's 47 years in uniform |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/video/a-look-at-gen-katumba-wamala-s-47-years-in-uniform-5565620 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == * Ekibanja kya Genero Katumba Wamala ku kibanja ki Parliament.go.ug * Ebifaananyi bya genero Katumba Wamala ku mukutu gwa google.com {| class="wikitable" | colspan="3" valign="top" | '''Abalondeddwa mu poliisi''' |- | valign="top" |'''Yadda mu bigere bya''' John Kisembo | valign="top" |'''Omuduumizi wa Poliisi ya Uganda''' 2003-2005 | valign="top" |Eyamuddira mu bigere '''Kale Kayihura''' |- | colspan="3" valign="top" |'''Ofiisi z'amaggye''' |- | valign="top" | '''Yadda mu bigere bya''' Aronda Nyakairima | valign="top" |'''Omuduumizi owokuntikko ow'eggye lya Uganda''' 2013-2017 | valign="top" |'''Eyamuddira mu bigere''' David Muhoozi |- | colspan="3" valign="top" | '''Ofiisi z'obuweereza bwa gavumenti''' |- | valign="top" |'''Yadda mu bigere bya''' Monica Azuba Ntege | valign="top" |'''Minisita w'emirimu n'ebyentambula''' Ogwekkumineebiri 2019-Ogwokutaano 2026 | valign="top" |'''Eyamuddira mu bigere''' Fred Byamukama |- | valign="top" | '''Yadda mu bigere bya''' Wilson Muruli Mukasa | valign="top" |'''Minisita w'Abakozi ba Gavumenti''' Ogwokutaanao 2026-Okutuusa leero | valign="top" |'''Eyamuddira mu bigere''' Ekifo yakirimu |} [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1956]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] [[Category:Abaganda]] [[Category:Abaduumizi ba police ya Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Uganda Millitary Academy]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army and General Staff College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku the Command and General staff College abatali Bamerica]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army War College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Tanzania Military Academy]] [[Category:Baminisita ba gavumenti ya Uganda]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'omwenda]] [[Category:Bagenero ba Uganda]] [[Category:Abakoseddwa ebikolwa by'obumenyi bw'amateeka]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda ab'emirimu gya gavumenti]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda ab'ebyentambula]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] [[Category:Abaduumizi abokuntikkpo ab'eggye (Uganda)]] a8366aauxs85je83azprfinyhaugie0 74354 74353 2026-09-09T17:53:29Z Ssebuufu 9882 74354 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg|thumb|Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg]] '''Edward Katumba Wamala''' (yazaalibwa 19 ogwekkuminoogumu 1956) asinga kumanyibwa nga '''Katumba Wamala''' munnamaggye eyagannyuka era munnabyabufuzi Munnayuganda aweereza nga Minisita w'Abakozi ba gavumenti kabbineeti ya Uganda, okuva nga 26 Ogwokutaana 2026.<ref>"Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle". ''Daily Monitor''. 26 May 2026. Retrieved 16 July 2026.</ref><ref>"Museveni hails retiring UPDF generals for building peace and security". ''Monitor''. 21 August 2026. Retrieved 23 August 2026.</ref> Nga tannatuuka mu kifo kye kyalimu mu kiseera kino ,Katumba Wamala yaweereza nga minisita omubeezi ow'eby'emirimu mu kabbineeti ya [[Uganda]].<ref>Taddeo Bwambale (10 January 2017). "Muhoozi Replaces Katumba As Army Chief". ''New Vision''. Kampala. Retrieved 10 June 2017.</ref> Era yaweerezaako nga Chief of Staff ow'eggye lya Uganda li Uganda Peoples Defense Forces (UPDF) okuva 2013 okutuusa 2017 ng'era yeeyali omuduumizi w'eggye lya Uganda eryokuttaka okuva mu 2005 okutuusa 2013.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2021-01-09 |title=Lt. Gen. Katumba Wamala: From an aspiring doctor to an army general |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/lt-gen-katumba-wamala-from-an-aspiring-doctor-to-an-army-general-1525652 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref>Era yaweerezaako ng'omuduumizi wa poliisi ya Uganda (IGP) eddaala erisinga okuba era waggulu mu ttabi ero erya gavumenti ya Uganda, okuva mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Wamala yeeyali omujaasi w'eggye lya UPDF eyasooka okuweereza ng'omuduumizi poliisi ya Uganda, ng'akyaweereza mu maggye nga tasoose kulekulira. Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba yasimattuka okugezaako okumutemula, mu Kisaasi ekisangibwa mu nkingizi za [[Kampala]], abasajja ababagalidde emmundu bwebaamulumba nebamutuusaako ebisago, okutta muwalawe ne ddereeva, nebamulekera ebiwundu by'amasasi ku bibegaabega byombi.<ref>"Katumba Wamala shooting: Uganda minister's daughter killed". ''news.yahoo.com''. Retrieved 7 June 2021.</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Reuters |date=2021-06-01 |title=Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/01/ugandan-minister-hurt-in-assassination-bid-that-killed-his-daughter |access-date=2026-09-09 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwekkuminoogumu mu mwaka gwa 1956 e Bweeza mu [[Kalangala (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] mu Bizinga by'e Ssese, mu Ttundutundu lya [[Buganda]], [[Uganda]] <ref>Candia, Steven (31 October 2005). "Police Will Miss Katumba Wamala". New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>.Okusoma yakutandikira ku Nakibizzi primary school (Ku lw'e [[Jinja]]).Nera yasomera ku St. James nga kati ssomero lya siniya mu Jinja) n'e Bukomero mwannyina gyeyali omusomesa.<ref name=":1" /> Okusoma kwa pulayimale oluvannyuma yakumalirako ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kampala]] mugandawe ne maama we gyebaali basengukidde.Ku mutendera gwa siniya, Katumba agamba teyatambula nnyo engeri gye yatebenkera ku Old Kampala Secondary School emyaka mukaaga.<ref name=":1" /> Ng'ali ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School, Katumba agamba nti yayiga essomo erimulinnyisizza amadaala ag'amaanyi." Nasaba omusomesa olukusa okugenda okwetewuluzaako. Omusomesa teyamanya nti nali njagala kufuna kifo kisirifu okusomeramu akatabo, nenkwatibwa omukulu w'essomero mwami Wakatamba . Namulimba nti nali nfunye olukusa okuva ew'omusomesa naye oluvannyuma olw'okwebuusa naakizuula nti nali nnimba, yantwala mu offiisi ye nangalamiza ku mmeeza empanvu nanswanyuula embooko ttaano olw'okukola ekintu ekituufu mu kiseera ekikyamu ne mu kifo ekikyamu" Katumba bwagamba<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=independent |first=The |date=2017-02-07 |title=PROFILE: Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/gen-edward-katumba-wamala/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=The Independent Uganda: |language=en-US}}</ref> Essomo ero lyansigalamu nti nebwenafuulibwa omuduumizi wa poliisi, nagenda okukyalira mwami Wakatamba-Omukulu w'essomero okumusiima naye namusiȠȠaana mu mbeera nga tasobola kuntegeera.<ref name=":0" /> Katumba Wamala alina satifikeeti mu by'obulimi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agency |first=HICGI News |date=2015-06-22 |title=Uganda Chief of Defense Forces Gen Katumba Wamala with Hon Kivumbi Earnest Benjamin |url=https://hicginewsagency.com/2015/06/22/uganda-chief-of-defense-forces-gen-katumba-wamala-with-hon-kivumbi-earnest-benjamin/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=HICGI News Agency |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2007, yatikkirwa okuva mu [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] ne Ddiguli esooka mu nkolagana y'amawanga n'enkola z'amawanga okuteeseganya. Alina ne Ddiguli eyokubiri mu bukulembeze obw'okulengera embeera eyomumaaso ([[Master of Science degree in strategic leadership]]) gye yafunira mu ttendekero li [[United States Army War College]] .<ref>"The Chief of Defence Forces, Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala". ''specialforcescommand.go.ug''. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2015.</ref><ref>Tebajjukira, Madinah (22 April 2007). "Uganda: General Katumba Gets First Class Degree". New Vision via AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>Alina amabaluwa g'ekinnamagye okuva mu matendekero gano wammanga; [[Uganda Military Academy]], [[Tanzania Military Academy.]] waliwo n'ebbaluwa gye yafuna okuva tendekero ly'amagye erya [[Soviet Union,]] endala yagifunira mu [[Nigerian Command and staff College,]] ne mu [[United States Army command and staff College]], ssaako ne gye yafunira mu United States Army War College.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151223092033/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/463676</ref>Mu 2023, [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] yamuwa ekitiibwa ky'obwa Dokita mu kusiima ettofaali lyatadde ku kitundu kye, Eggwanga, n'abantu.<ref>Samuel Muhimba (26 October 2023). "Gen Katumba Wamala awarded honorary doctorate". ''Nile Post Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Wamala yali offiisa mu ggye lya [[Uganda National Liberation Army.(UNLA)]] ,eggye lya [[National Resistance Army]](NRA) bwe lyawangula [[Uganda National Liberation Front|UNLA]] mu mwaka gwa 1986. Bw'atyo yakyusa nadda mu NRA awataali kimutaataganya.<ref>Kato, Joshua (5 September 2005). "Rebels Turned UPDF Commanders". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Wakati wa 1999 ne 2000, Katumba yali muyizi mu ttendekero ly'amaggye erya [[U.S Army War college]] mu [[Carlisle County, Kentucky|Carlisle]], mu Pennsyvania. Wakati wa 2000 ne 2001,ng'ali ku ddaala lya [[Major General]], yaduumira eggye ly'eggwanga mu ggwanga lya [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]]. Yalondebwa ng'omuduumizi wa police mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Mu Gwomunaana 2003,Katumba yakiika mu lukungaana lw'ekibiina ekigatta Bannayuganda abawangaalirra mu North America lu UNAA mu [[Boston]], Massachusets.<ref>"Uganda: N. American Ugandans Meet". New Vision (Kampala). 2 September 2003. Retrieved 18 February 2026.</ref> Olwo yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya [[luteenanti general]] era naaweebwa eky'okudduumira eggye ly'eggwanga eryokuttaka erisangibwa mu bbalakisi y'amaggye e Bombo nekimufuula omu ku b'offiisa b'amagye abasinga obukulu mu ggye lya Uganda.<ref>Candia, Steven (3 November 2005). "Major General Kale Kaihura Takes Over Police Force". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Mu mulimu gwe nga omuduumizi w'amagye gookuttaka, yenyigira nnyo mu nteekateeka z'eggye erikuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]] ezimanyiddwa ennyo nga [[AMISOM]].<ref>Ayiga Ondoga (14 February 2010). "Over 1,700 UPDF Soldiers for Somalia". Kampala: New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>. Nga 23 Ogwokutaano 2013,yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya genero era naalondebwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'Eggwanga.<ref>John Tugume (24 May 2013). "General Katumba Wamala To Head The Uganda Army". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> == Okugezaako okumutemula. == Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba Wamala bwe yali agenda mu kibuga, abasajja bana abaali babagalidde emigemerawala baasindirira mmotoka ye amasasi mu Kisaasi, ku nkingizi za Kampala.Wamala yafiuna ebiwundu ku bibegaabega byombi, naye yasimattuka naddusibwa mu ddwaliro .Ddereeva we Haruna Kayondo ne muwala we Nantongo battibwa mukifo awaali obulumbaganyi.Abooluganda lwa Brenda bonna beetaba mu lumbe lwa Brenda Wamala Nantongo.<ref>Sam Waswa (1 June 2021). "General Katumba Wamala Attacked by Gunmen; Daughter Reported Dead". ''ChimpReports''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills 2". ''Deutsche Welle''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Katumba Wamala: Uganda minister shot in assassination attempt". ''BBC News''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver". ''The Guardian''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref>.Oluvannuma lw'omwezi ogw'okunoonyereza nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 2021, ab'obuyinza baalaga nti abalumbaganyi baali basiraamu ba nalukalala abantendekembwa mu nkabi ya ba Jihaadi mu Kivu ey'Obukiika kkono e [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]] era balina akakwate ku ggye lya [[Allied Democratic Forces]] (ADF) ne [[Islamic State]].<ref>"Uganda links Islamist rebels to attempted murder of minister". ''Reuters''. 1 July 2021.</ref> [[President of Uganda|Pulezidenti wa Uganda]] [[Yoweri Museveni]] yavumirira obulumbaganyi, bweyannyonyola "ng'omulimu gw' embizi ezitawa bulamu muwendo" == Okuwummula okuva mu ggye Lya UPDF == Mu Gwomunaana 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 47 egy'omuddiriȠȠana egy'obuweereza bw'eggye ly'eggwanga Genereo Katumba wamala waakuwummula okuva mu ggye ly'eggwanaga (UPDF) eyo ng'omwaka gunaatera okuggwako. Agenda mu maaso okuweereza nga minisita mu kabbineeti ya Uganda.<ref>Dan Wandera (9 August 2026). "Gen Katumba honoured ahead of UPDF retirement". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>Rogers Atukunda (10 August 2026). "Katumba Wamala Marks 47 Years of Military Service Ppays Tribute To Museveni". ''SoftPower Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-21 |title=A look at Gen Katumba Wamala's 47 years in uniform |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/video/a-look-at-gen-katumba-wamala-s-47-years-in-uniform-5565620 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == * Ekibanja kya Genero Katumba Wamala ku kibanja ki Parliament.go.ug * Ebifaananyi bya genero Katumba Wamala ku mukutu gwa google.com {| class="wikitable" | colspan="3" valign="top" | '''Abalondeddwa mu poliisi''' |- | valign="top" |'''Yadda mu bigere bya''' John Kisembo | valign="top" |'''Omuduumizi wa Poliisi ya Uganda''' 2003-2005 | valign="top" |Eyamuddira mu bigere '''Kale Kayihura''' |- | colspan="3" valign="top" |'''Ofiisi z'amaggye''' |- | valign="top" | '''Yadda mu bigere bya''' Aronda Nyakairima | valign="top" |'''Omuduumizi owokuntikko ow'eggye lya Uganda''' 2013-2017 | valign="top" |'''Eyamuddira mu bigere''' David Muhoozi |- | colspan="3" valign="top" | '''Ofiisi z'obuweereza bwa gavumenti''' |- | valign="top" |'''Yadda mu bigere bya''' Monica Azuba Ntege | valign="top" |'''Minisita w'emirimu n'ebyentambula''' Ogwekkumineebiri 2019-Ogwokutaano 2026 | valign="top" |'''Eyamuddira mu bigere''' Fred Byamukama |- | valign="top" | '''Yadda mu bigere bya''' Wilson Muruli Mukasa | valign="top" |'''Minisita w'Abakozi ba Gavumenti''' Ogwokutaanao 2026-Okutuusa leero | valign="top" |'''Eyamuddira mu bigere''' Ekifo yakirimu |} [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1956]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] [[Category:Abaganda]] [[Category:Abaduumizi ba police ya Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Uganda Millitary Academy]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army and General Staff College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku the Command and General staff College abatali Bamerica]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army War College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Tanzania Military Academy]] [[Category:Baminisita ba gavumenti ya Uganda]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'omwenda]] [[Category:Bagenero ba Uganda]] [[Category:Abakoseddwa ebikolwa by'obumenyi bw'amateeka]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda ab'emirimu gya gavumenti]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda ab'ebyentambula]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] [[Category:Abaduumizi abokuntikkpo ab'eggye (Uganda)]] t70fqh4dol75ztqbc36p6mwib9o5k8e 74355 74354 2026-09-09T17:53:57Z Ssebuufu 9882 74355 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg|thumb|Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg]] '''Edward Katumba Wamala''' (yazaalibwa 19 ogwekkuminoogumu 1956) asinga kumanyibwa nga '''Katumba Wamala''' munnamaggye eyagannyuka era munnabyabufuzi Munnayuganda aweereza nga Minisita w'Abakozi ba gavumenti kabbineeti ya Uganda, okuva nga 26 Ogwokutaana 2026.<ref>"Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle". ''Daily Monitor''. 26 May 2026. Retrieved 16 July 2026.</ref><ref>"Museveni hails retiring UPDF generals for building peace and security". ''Monitor''. 21 August 2026. Retrieved 23 August 2026.</ref> Nga tannatuuka mu kifo kye kyalimu mu kiseera kino ,Katumba Wamala yaweereza nga minisita omubeezi ow'eby'emirimu mu kabbineeti ya [[Uganda]].<ref>Taddeo Bwambale (10 January 2017). "Muhoozi Replaces Katumba As Army Chief". ''New Vision''. Kampala. Retrieved 10 June 2017.</ref> Era yaweerezaako nga Chief of Staff ow'eggye lya Uganda li Uganda Peoples Defense Forces (UPDF) okuva 2013 okutuusa 2017 ng'era yeeyali omuduumizi w'eggye lya Uganda eryokuttaka okuva mu 2005 okutuusa 2013.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2021-01-09 |title=Lt. Gen. Katumba Wamala: From an aspiring doctor to an army general |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/lt-gen-katumba-wamala-from-an-aspiring-doctor-to-an-army-general-1525652 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref>Era yaweerezaako ng'omuduumizi wa poliisi ya Uganda (IGP) eddaala erisinga okuba era waggulu mu ttabi ero erya gavumenti ya Uganda, okuva mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Wamala yeeyali omujaasi w'eggye lya UPDF eyasooka okuweereza ng'omuduumizi poliisi ya Uganda, ng'akyaweereza mu maggye nga tasoose kulekulira. Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba yasimattuka okugezaako okumutemula, mu Kisaasi ekisangibwa mu nkingizi za [[Kampala]], abasajja ababagalidde emmundu bwebaamulumba nebamutuusaako ebisago, okutta muwalawe ne ddereeva, nebamulekera ebiwundu by'amasasi ku bibegaabega byombi.<ref>"Katumba Wamala shooting: Uganda minister's daughter killed". ''news.yahoo.com''. Retrieved 7 June 2021.</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Reuters |date=2021-06-01 |title=Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/01/ugandan-minister-hurt-in-assassination-bid-that-killed-his-daughter |access-date=2026-09-09 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwekkuminoogumu mu mwaka gwa 1956 e Bweeza mu [[Kalangala (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] mu Bizinga by'e Ssese, mu Ttundutundu lya [[Buganda]], [[Uganda]] <ref>Candia, Steven (31 October 2005). "Police Will Miss Katumba Wamala". New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>.Okusoma yakutandikira ku Nakibizzi primary school (Ku lw'e [[Jinja]]).Nera yasomera ku St. James nga kati ssomero lya siniya mu Jinja) n'e Bukomero mwannyina gyeyali omusomesa.<ref name=":1" /> Okusoma kwa pulayimale oluvannyuma yakumalirako ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kampala]] mugandawe ne maama we gyebaali basengukidde.Ku mutendera gwa siniya, Katumba agamba teyatambula nnyo engeri gye yatebenkera ku Old Kampala Secondary School emyaka mukaaga.<ref name=":1" /> Ng'ali ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School, Katumba agamba nti yayiga essomo erimulinnyisizza amadaala ag'amaanyi." Nasaba omusomesa olukusa okugenda okwetewuluzaako. Omusomesa teyamanya nti nali njagala kufuna kifo kisirifu okusomeramu akatabo, nenkwatibwa omukulu w'essomero mwami Wakatamba . Namulimba nti nali nfunye olukusa okuva ew'omusomesa naye oluvannyuma olw'okwebuusa naakizuula nti nali nnimba, yantwala mu offiisi ye nangalamiza ku mmeeza empanvu nanswanyuula embooko ttaano olw'okukola ekintu ekituufu mu kiseera ekikyamu ne mu kifo ekikyamu" Katumba bwagamba<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=independent |first=The |date=2017-02-07 |title=PROFILE: Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/gen-edward-katumba-wamala/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=The Independent Uganda: |language=en-US}}</ref> Essomo ero lyansigalamu nti nebwenafuulibwa omuduumizi wa poliisi, nagenda okukyalira mwami Wakatamba-Omukulu w'essomero okumusiima naye namusiȠȠaana mu mbeera nga tasobola kuntegeera.<ref name=":0" /> Katumba Wamala alina satifikeeti mu by'obulimi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agency |first=HICGI News |date=2015-06-22 |title=Uganda Chief of Defense Forces Gen Katumba Wamala with Hon Kivumbi Earnest Benjamin |url=https://hicginewsagency.com/2015/06/22/uganda-chief-of-defense-forces-gen-katumba-wamala-with-hon-kivumbi-earnest-benjamin/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=HICGI News Agency |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2007, yatikkirwa okuva mu [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] ne Ddiguli esooka mu nkolagana y'amawanga n'enkola z'amawanga okuteeseganya. Alina ne Ddiguli eyokubiri mu bukulembeze obw'okulengera embeera eyomumaaso ([[Master of Science degree in strategic leadership]]) gye yafunira mu ttendekero li [[United States Army War College]] .<ref>"The Chief of Defence Forces, Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala". ''specialforcescommand.go.ug''. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2015.</ref><ref>Tebajjukira, Madinah (22 April 2007). "Uganda: General Katumba Gets First Class Degree". New Vision via AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>Alina amabaluwa g'ekinnamagye okuva mu matendekero gano wammanga; [[Uganda Military Academy]], [[Tanzania Military Academy.]] waliwo n'ebbaluwa gye yafuna okuva tendekero ly'amagye erya [[Soviet Union,]] endala yagifunira mu [[Nigerian Command and staff College,]] ne mu [[United States Army command and staff College]], ssaako ne gye yafunira mu United States Army War College.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Police will miss Katumba Wamala |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/463676 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223092033/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/463676 |archive-date=2015-12-23 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.newvision.co.ug}}</ref>Mu 2023, [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] yamuwa ekitiibwa ky'obwa Dokita mu kusiima ettofaali lyatadde ku kitundu kye, Eggwanga, n'abantu.<ref>Samuel Muhimba (26 October 2023). "Gen Katumba Wamala awarded honorary doctorate". ''Nile Post Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Wamala yali offiisa mu ggye lya [[Uganda National Liberation Army.(UNLA)]] ,eggye lya [[National Resistance Army]](NRA) bwe lyawangula [[Uganda National Liberation Front|UNLA]] mu mwaka gwa 1986. Bw'atyo yakyusa nadda mu NRA awataali kimutaataganya.<ref>Kato, Joshua (5 September 2005). "Rebels Turned UPDF Commanders". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Wakati wa 1999 ne 2000, Katumba yali muyizi mu ttendekero ly'amaggye erya [[U.S Army War college]] mu [[Carlisle County, Kentucky|Carlisle]], mu Pennsyvania. Wakati wa 2000 ne 2001,ng'ali ku ddaala lya [[Major General]], yaduumira eggye ly'eggwanga mu ggwanga lya [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]]. Yalondebwa ng'omuduumizi wa police mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Mu Gwomunaana 2003,Katumba yakiika mu lukungaana lw'ekibiina ekigatta Bannayuganda abawangaalirra mu North America lu UNAA mu [[Boston]], Massachusets.<ref>"Uganda: N. American Ugandans Meet". New Vision (Kampala). 2 September 2003. Retrieved 18 February 2026.</ref> Olwo yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya [[luteenanti general]] era naaweebwa eky'okudduumira eggye ly'eggwanga eryokuttaka erisangibwa mu bbalakisi y'amaggye e Bombo nekimufuula omu ku b'offiisa b'amagye abasinga obukulu mu ggye lya Uganda.<ref>Candia, Steven (3 November 2005). "Major General Kale Kaihura Takes Over Police Force". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Mu mulimu gwe nga omuduumizi w'amagye gookuttaka, yenyigira nnyo mu nteekateeka z'eggye erikuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]] ezimanyiddwa ennyo nga [[AMISOM]].<ref>Ayiga Ondoga (14 February 2010). "Over 1,700 UPDF Soldiers for Somalia". Kampala: New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>. Nga 23 Ogwokutaano 2013,yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya genero era naalondebwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'Eggwanga.<ref>John Tugume (24 May 2013). "General Katumba Wamala To Head The Uganda Army". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> == Okugezaako okumutemula. == Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba Wamala bwe yali agenda mu kibuga, abasajja bana abaali babagalidde emigemerawala baasindirira mmotoka ye amasasi mu Kisaasi, ku nkingizi za Kampala.Wamala yafiuna ebiwundu ku bibegaabega byombi, naye yasimattuka naddusibwa mu ddwaliro .Ddereeva we Haruna Kayondo ne muwala we Nantongo battibwa mukifo awaali obulumbaganyi.Abooluganda lwa Brenda bonna beetaba mu lumbe lwa Brenda Wamala Nantongo.<ref>Sam Waswa (1 June 2021). "General Katumba Wamala Attacked by Gunmen; Daughter Reported Dead". ''ChimpReports''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills 2". ''Deutsche Welle''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Katumba Wamala: Uganda minister shot in assassination attempt". ''BBC News''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver". ''The Guardian''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref>.Oluvannuma lw'omwezi ogw'okunoonyereza nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 2021, ab'obuyinza baalaga nti abalumbaganyi baali basiraamu ba nalukalala abantendekembwa mu nkabi ya ba Jihaadi mu Kivu ey'Obukiika kkono e [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]] era balina akakwate ku ggye lya [[Allied Democratic Forces]] (ADF) ne [[Islamic State]].<ref>"Uganda links Islamist rebels to attempted murder of minister". ''Reuters''. 1 July 2021.</ref> [[President of Uganda|Pulezidenti wa Uganda]] [[Yoweri Museveni]] yavumirira obulumbaganyi, bweyannyonyola "ng'omulimu gw' embizi ezitawa bulamu muwendo" == Okuwummula okuva mu ggye Lya UPDF == Mu Gwomunaana 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 47 egy'omuddiriȠȠana egy'obuweereza bw'eggye ly'eggwanga Genereo Katumba wamala waakuwummula okuva mu ggye ly'eggwanaga (UPDF) eyo ng'omwaka gunaatera okuggwako. Agenda mu maaso okuweereza nga minisita mu kabbineeti ya Uganda.<ref>Dan Wandera (9 August 2026). "Gen Katumba honoured ahead of UPDF retirement". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>Rogers Atukunda (10 August 2026). "Katumba Wamala Marks 47 Years of Military Service Ppays Tribute To Museveni". ''SoftPower Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-21 |title=A look at Gen Katumba Wamala's 47 years in uniform |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/video/a-look-at-gen-katumba-wamala-s-47-years-in-uniform-5565620 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == * Ekibanja kya Genero Katumba Wamala ku kibanja ki Parliament.go.ug * Ebifaananyi bya genero Katumba Wamala ku mukutu gwa google.com {| class="wikitable" | colspan="3" valign="top" | '''Abalondeddwa mu poliisi''' |- | valign="top" |'''Yadda mu bigere bya''' John Kisembo | valign="top" |'''Omuduumizi wa Poliisi ya Uganda''' 2003-2005 | valign="top" |Eyamuddira mu bigere '''Kale Kayihura''' |- | colspan="3" valign="top" |'''Ofiisi z'amaggye''' |- | valign="top" | '''Yadda mu bigere bya''' Aronda Nyakairima | valign="top" |'''Omuduumizi owokuntikko ow'eggye lya Uganda''' 2013-2017 | valign="top" |'''Eyamuddira mu bigere''' David Muhoozi |- | colspan="3" valign="top" | '''Ofiisi z'obuweereza bwa gavumenti''' |- | valign="top" |'''Yadda mu bigere bya''' Monica Azuba Ntege | valign="top" |'''Minisita w'emirimu n'ebyentambula''' Ogwekkumineebiri 2019-Ogwokutaano 2026 | valign="top" |'''Eyamuddira mu bigere''' Fred Byamukama |- | valign="top" | '''Yadda mu bigere bya''' Wilson Muruli Mukasa | valign="top" |'''Minisita w'Abakozi ba Gavumenti''' Ogwokutaanao 2026-Okutuusa leero | valign="top" |'''Eyamuddira mu bigere''' Ekifo yakirimu |} [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1956]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] [[Category:Abaganda]] [[Category:Abaduumizi ba police ya Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Uganda Millitary Academy]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army and General Staff College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku the Command and General staff College abatali Bamerica]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army War College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Tanzania Military Academy]] [[Category:Baminisita ba gavumenti ya Uganda]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'omwenda]] [[Category:Bagenero ba Uganda]] [[Category:Abakoseddwa ebikolwa by'obumenyi bw'amateeka]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda ab'emirimu gya gavumenti]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda ab'ebyentambula]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] [[Category:Abaduumizi abokuntikkpo ab'eggye (Uganda)]] 00mwlcs8ndm3d4zt4o0lpw96ryseocq 74357 74355 2026-09-09T17:54:15Z Ssebuufu 9882 74357 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg|thumb|Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg]] '''Edward Katumba Wamala''' (yazaalibwa 19 ogwekkuminoogumu 1956) asinga kumanyibwa nga '''Katumba Wamala''' munnamaggye eyagannyuka era munnabyabufuzi Munnayuganda aweereza nga Minisita w'Abakozi ba gavumenti kabbineeti ya Uganda, okuva nga 26 Ogwokutaana 2026.<ref>"Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle". ''Daily Monitor''. 26 May 2026. Retrieved 16 July 2026.</ref><ref>"Museveni hails retiring UPDF generals for building peace and security". ''Monitor''. 21 August 2026. Retrieved 23 August 2026.</ref> Nga tannatuuka mu kifo kye kyalimu mu kiseera kino ,Katumba Wamala yaweereza nga minisita omubeezi ow'eby'emirimu mu kabbineeti ya [[Uganda]].<ref>Taddeo Bwambale (10 January 2017). "Muhoozi Replaces Katumba As Army Chief". ''New Vision''. Kampala. Retrieved 10 June 2017.</ref> Era yaweerezaako nga Chief of Staff ow'eggye lya Uganda li Uganda Peoples Defense Forces (UPDF) okuva 2013 okutuusa 2017 ng'era yeeyali omuduumizi w'eggye lya Uganda eryokuttaka okuva mu 2005 okutuusa 2013.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2021-01-09 |title=Lt. Gen. Katumba Wamala: From an aspiring doctor to an army general |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/lt-gen-katumba-wamala-from-an-aspiring-doctor-to-an-army-general-1525652 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref>Era yaweerezaako ng'omuduumizi wa poliisi ya Uganda (IGP) eddaala erisinga okuba era waggulu mu ttabi ero erya gavumenti ya Uganda, okuva mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Wamala yeeyali omujaasi w'eggye lya UPDF eyasooka okuweereza ng'omuduumizi poliisi ya Uganda, ng'akyaweereza mu maggye nga tasoose kulekulira. Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba yasimattuka okugezaako okumutemula, mu Kisaasi ekisangibwa mu nkingizi za [[Kampala]], abasajja ababagalidde emmundu bwebaamulumba nebamutuusaako ebisago, okutta muwalawe ne ddereeva, nebamulekera ebiwundu by'amasasi ku bibegaabega byombi.<ref>"Katumba Wamala shooting: Uganda minister's daughter killed". ''news.yahoo.com''. Retrieved 7 June 2021.</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Reuters |date=2021-06-01 |title=Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/01/ugandan-minister-hurt-in-assassination-bid-that-killed-his-daughter |access-date=2026-09-09 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwekkuminoogumu mu mwaka gwa 1956 e Bweeza mu [[Kalangala (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] mu Bizinga by'e Ssese, mu Ttundutundu lya [[Buganda]], [[Uganda]] <ref>Candia, Steven (31 October 2005). "Police Will Miss Katumba Wamala". New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>.Okusoma yakutandikira ku Nakibizzi primary school (Ku lw'e [[Jinja]]).Nera yasomera ku St. James nga kati ssomero lya siniya mu Jinja) n'e Bukomero mwannyina gyeyali omusomesa.<ref name=":1" /> Okusoma kwa pulayimale oluvannyuma yakumalirako ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kampala]] mugandawe ne maama we gyebaali basengukidde.Ku mutendera gwa siniya, Katumba agamba teyatambula nnyo engeri gye yatebenkera ku Old Kampala Secondary School emyaka mukaaga.<ref name=":1" /> Ng'ali ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School, Katumba agamba nti yayiga essomo erimulinnyisizza amadaala ag'amaanyi." Nasaba omusomesa olukusa okugenda okwetewuluzaako. Omusomesa teyamanya nti nali njagala kufuna kifo kisirifu okusomeramu akatabo, nenkwatibwa omukulu w'essomero mwami Wakatamba . Namulimba nti nali nfunye olukusa okuva ew'omusomesa naye oluvannyuma olw'okwebuusa naakizuula nti nali nnimba, yantwala mu offiisi ye nangalamiza ku mmeeza empanvu nanswanyuula embooko ttaano olw'okukola ekintu ekituufu mu kiseera ekikyamu ne mu kifo ekikyamu" Katumba bwagamba<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=independent |first=The |date=2017-02-07 |title=PROFILE: Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/gen-edward-katumba-wamala/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=The Independent Uganda: |language=en-US}}</ref> Essomo ero lyansigalamu nti nebwenafuulibwa omuduumizi wa poliisi, nagenda okukyalira mwami Wakatamba-Omukulu w'essomero okumusiima naye namusiȠȠaana mu mbeera nga tasobola kuntegeera.<ref name=":0" /> Katumba Wamala alina satifikeeti mu by'obulimi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agency |first=HICGI News |date=2015-06-22 |title=Uganda Chief of Defense Forces Gen Katumba Wamala with Hon Kivumbi Earnest Benjamin |url=https://hicginewsagency.com/2015/06/22/uganda-chief-of-defense-forces-gen-katumba-wamala-with-hon-kivumbi-earnest-benjamin/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=HICGI News Agency |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2007, yatikkirwa okuva mu [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] ne Ddiguli esooka mu nkolagana y'amawanga n'enkola z'amawanga okuteeseganya. Alina ne Ddiguli eyokubiri mu bukulembeze obw'okulengera embeera eyomumaaso ([[Master of Science degree in strategic leadership]]) gye yafunira mu ttendekero li [[United States Army War College]] .<ref>"The Chief of Defence Forces, Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala". ''specialforcescommand.go.ug''. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2015.</ref><ref>Tebajjukira, Madinah (22 April 2007). "Uganda: General Katumba Gets First Class Degree". New Vision via AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>Alina amabaluwa g'ekinnamagye okuva mu matendekero gano wammanga; [[Uganda Military Academy]], [[Tanzania Military Academy.]] waliwo n'ebbaluwa gye yafuna okuva tendekero ly'amagye erya [[Soviet Union,]] endala yagifunira mu [[Nigerian Command and staff College,]] ne mu [[United States Army command and staff College]], ssaako ne gye yafunira mu United States Army War College.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Police will miss Katumba Wamala |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/463676 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223092033/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/463676 |archive-date=2015-12-23 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.newvision.co.ug}}</ref>Mu 2023, Yunivasite y'e Nkumba yamuwa ekitiibwa ky'obwa Dokita mu kusiima ettofaali lyatadde ku kitundu kye, Eggwanga, n'abantu.<ref>Samuel Muhimba (26 October 2023). "Gen Katumba Wamala awarded honorary doctorate". ''Nile Post Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Wamala yali offiisa mu ggye lya [[Uganda National Liberation Army.(UNLA)]] ,eggye lya [[National Resistance Army]](NRA) bwe lyawangula [[Uganda National Liberation Front|UNLA]] mu mwaka gwa 1986. Bw'atyo yakyusa nadda mu NRA awataali kimutaataganya.<ref>Kato, Joshua (5 September 2005). "Rebels Turned UPDF Commanders". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Wakati wa 1999 ne 2000, Katumba yali muyizi mu ttendekero ly'amaggye erya [[U.S Army War college]] mu [[Carlisle County, Kentucky|Carlisle]], mu Pennsyvania. Wakati wa 2000 ne 2001,ng'ali ku ddaala lya [[Major General]], yaduumira eggye ly'eggwanga mu ggwanga lya [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]]. Yalondebwa ng'omuduumizi wa police mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Mu Gwomunaana 2003,Katumba yakiika mu lukungaana lw'ekibiina ekigatta Bannayuganda abawangaalirra mu North America lu UNAA mu [[Boston]], Massachusets.<ref>"Uganda: N. American Ugandans Meet". New Vision (Kampala). 2 September 2003. Retrieved 18 February 2026.</ref> Olwo yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya [[luteenanti general]] era naaweebwa eky'okudduumira eggye ly'eggwanga eryokuttaka erisangibwa mu bbalakisi y'amaggye e Bombo nekimufuula omu ku b'offiisa b'amagye abasinga obukulu mu ggye lya Uganda.<ref>Candia, Steven (3 November 2005). "Major General Kale Kaihura Takes Over Police Force". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Mu mulimu gwe nga omuduumizi w'amagye gookuttaka, yenyigira nnyo mu nteekateeka z'eggye erikuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]] ezimanyiddwa ennyo nga [[AMISOM]].<ref>Ayiga Ondoga (14 February 2010). "Over 1,700 UPDF Soldiers for Somalia". Kampala: New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>. Nga 23 Ogwokutaano 2013,yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya genero era naalondebwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'Eggwanga.<ref>John Tugume (24 May 2013). "General Katumba Wamala To Head The Uganda Army". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> == Okugezaako okumutemula. == Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba Wamala bwe yali agenda mu kibuga, abasajja bana abaali babagalidde emigemerawala baasindirira mmotoka ye amasasi mu Kisaasi, ku nkingizi za Kampala.Wamala yafiuna ebiwundu ku bibegaabega byombi, naye yasimattuka naddusibwa mu ddwaliro .Ddereeva we Haruna Kayondo ne muwala we Nantongo battibwa mukifo awaali obulumbaganyi.Abooluganda lwa Brenda bonna beetaba mu lumbe lwa Brenda Wamala Nantongo.<ref>Sam Waswa (1 June 2021). "General Katumba Wamala Attacked by Gunmen; Daughter Reported Dead". ''ChimpReports''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills 2". ''Deutsche Welle''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Katumba Wamala: Uganda minister shot in assassination attempt". ''BBC News''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver". ''The Guardian''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref>.Oluvannuma lw'omwezi ogw'okunoonyereza nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 2021, ab'obuyinza baalaga nti abalumbaganyi baali basiraamu ba nalukalala abantendekembwa mu nkabi ya ba Jihaadi mu Kivu ey'Obukiika kkono e [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]] era balina akakwate ku ggye lya [[Allied Democratic Forces]] (ADF) ne [[Islamic State]].<ref>"Uganda links Islamist rebels to attempted murder of minister". ''Reuters''. 1 July 2021.</ref> [[President of Uganda|Pulezidenti wa Uganda]] [[Yoweri Museveni]] yavumirira obulumbaganyi, bweyannyonyola "ng'omulimu gw' embizi ezitawa bulamu muwendo" == Okuwummula okuva mu ggye Lya UPDF == Mu Gwomunaana 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 47 egy'omuddiriȠȠana egy'obuweereza bw'eggye ly'eggwanga Genereo Katumba wamala waakuwummula okuva mu ggye ly'eggwanaga (UPDF) eyo ng'omwaka gunaatera okuggwako. Agenda mu maaso okuweereza nga minisita mu kabbineeti ya Uganda.<ref>Dan Wandera (9 August 2026). "Gen Katumba honoured ahead of UPDF retirement". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>Rogers Atukunda (10 August 2026). "Katumba Wamala Marks 47 Years of Military Service Ppays Tribute To Museveni". ''SoftPower Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-21 |title=A look at Gen Katumba Wamala's 47 years in uniform |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/video/a-look-at-gen-katumba-wamala-s-47-years-in-uniform-5565620 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == * Ekibanja kya Genero Katumba Wamala ku kibanja ki Parliament.go.ug * Ebifaananyi bya genero Katumba Wamala ku mukutu gwa google.com {| class="wikitable" | colspan="3" valign="top" | '''Abalondeddwa mu poliisi''' |- | valign="top" |'''Yadda mu bigere bya''' John Kisembo | valign="top" |'''Omuduumizi wa Poliisi ya Uganda''' 2003-2005 | valign="top" |Eyamuddira mu bigere '''Kale Kayihura''' |- | colspan="3" valign="top" |'''Ofiisi z'amaggye''' |- | valign="top" | '''Yadda mu bigere bya''' Aronda Nyakairima | valign="top" |'''Omuduumizi owokuntikko ow'eggye lya Uganda''' 2013-2017 | valign="top" |'''Eyamuddira mu bigere''' David Muhoozi |- | colspan="3" valign="top" | '''Ofiisi z'obuweereza bwa gavumenti''' |- | valign="top" |'''Yadda mu bigere bya''' Monica Azuba Ntege | valign="top" |'''Minisita w'emirimu n'ebyentambula''' Ogwekkumineebiri 2019-Ogwokutaano 2026 | valign="top" |'''Eyamuddira mu bigere''' Fred Byamukama |- | valign="top" | '''Yadda mu bigere bya''' Wilson Muruli Mukasa | valign="top" |'''Minisita w'Abakozi ba Gavumenti''' Ogwokutaanao 2026-Okutuusa leero | valign="top" |'''Eyamuddira mu bigere''' Ekifo yakirimu |} [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1956]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] [[Category:Abaganda]] [[Category:Abaduumizi ba police ya Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Uganda Millitary Academy]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army and General Staff College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku the Command and General staff College abatali Bamerica]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army War College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Tanzania Military Academy]] [[Category:Baminisita ba gavumenti ya Uganda]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'omwenda]] [[Category:Bagenero ba Uganda]] [[Category:Abakoseddwa ebikolwa by'obumenyi bw'amateeka]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda ab'emirimu gya gavumenti]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda ab'ebyentambula]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] [[Category:Abaduumizi abokuntikkpo ab'eggye (Uganda)]] 3dwiunpspnzrri5pmin7huaj92xht7u 74359 74357 2026-09-09T17:56:22Z Ssebuufu 9882 74359 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg|thumb|Wamala Edward Katumba.jpg]] '''Edward Katumba Wamala''' (yazaalibwa 19 ogwekkuminoogumu 1956) asinga kumanyibwa nga '''Katumba Wamala''' munnamaggye eyagannyuka era munnabyabufuzi Munnayuganda aweereza nga Minisita w'Abakozi ba gavumenti kabbineeti ya Uganda, okuva nga 26 Ogwokutaana 2026.<ref>"Museveni unveils new Cabinet, retains Nabbanja, Alupo and Janet in key reshuffle". ''Daily Monitor''. 26 May 2026. Retrieved 16 July 2026.</ref><ref>"Museveni hails retiring UPDF generals for building peace and security". ''Monitor''. 21 August 2026. Retrieved 23 August 2026.</ref> Nga tannatuuka mu kifo kye kyalimu mu kiseera kino ,Katumba Wamala yaweereza nga minisita omubeezi ow'eby'emirimu mu kabbineeti ya [[Uganda]].<ref>Taddeo Bwambale (10 January 2017). "Muhoozi Replaces Katumba As Army Chief". ''New Vision''. Kampala. Retrieved 10 June 2017.</ref> Era yaweerezaako nga Chief of Staff ow'eggye lya Uganda li Uganda Peoples Defense Forces (UPDF) okuva 2013 okutuusa 2017 ng'era yeeyali omuduumizi w'eggye lya Uganda eryokuttaka okuva mu 2005 okutuusa 2013.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2021-01-09 |title=Lt. Gen. Katumba Wamala: From an aspiring doctor to an army general |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/lt-gen-katumba-wamala-from-an-aspiring-doctor-to-an-army-general-1525652 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref>Era yaweerezaako ng'omuduumizi wa poliisi ya Uganda (IGP) eddaala erisinga okuba era waggulu mu ttabi ero erya gavumenti ya Uganda, okuva mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Wamala yeeyali omujaasi w'eggye lya UPDF eyasooka okuweereza ng'omuduumizi poliisi ya Uganda, ng'akyaweereza mu maggye nga tasoose kulekulira. Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba yasimattuka okugezaako okumutemula, mu Kisaasi ekisangibwa mu nkingizi za [[Kampala]], abasajja ababagalidde emmundu bwebaamulumba nebamutuusaako ebisago, okutta muwalawe ne ddereeva, nebamulekera ebiwundu by'amasasi ku bibegaabega byombi.<ref>"Katumba Wamala shooting: Uganda minister's daughter killed". ''news.yahoo.com''. Retrieved 7 June 2021.</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Reuters |date=2021-06-01 |title=Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/01/ugandan-minister-hurt-in-assassination-bid-that-killed-his-daughter |access-date=2026-09-09 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa nga 19 Ogwekkuminoogumu mu mwaka gwa 1956 e Bweeza mu [[Kalangala (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] mu Bizinga by'e Ssese, mu Ttundutundu lya [[Buganda]], [[Uganda]] <ref>Candia, Steven (31 October 2005). "Police Will Miss Katumba Wamala". New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>.Okusoma yakutandikira ku Nakibizzi primary school (Ku lw'e [[Jinja]]).Nera yasomera ku St. James nga kati ssomero lya siniya mu Jinja) n'e Bukomero mwannyina gyeyali omusomesa.<ref name=":1" /> Okusoma kwa pulayimale oluvannyuma yakumalirako ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School mu [[Kampala]] mugandawe ne maama we gyebaali basengukidde.Ku mutendera gwa siniya, Katumba agamba teyatambula nnyo engeri gye yatebenkera ku Old Kampala Secondary School emyaka mukaaga.<ref name=":1" /> Ng'ali ku Kasubi Church of Uganda Primary School, Katumba agamba nti yayiga essomo erimulinnyisizza amadaala ag'amaanyi." Nasaba omusomesa olukusa okugenda okwetewuluzaako. Omusomesa teyamanya nti nali njagala kufuna kifo kisirifu okusomeramu akatabo, nenkwatibwa omukulu w'essomero mwami Wakatamba . Namulimba nti nali nfunye olukusa okuva ew'omusomesa naye oluvannyuma olw'okwebuusa naakizuula nti nali nnimba, yantwala mu offiisi ye nangalamiza ku mmeeza empanvu nanswanyuula embooko ttaano olw'okukola ekintu ekituufu mu kiseera ekikyamu ne mu kifo ekikyamu" Katumba bwagamba<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=independent |first=The |date=2017-02-07 |title=PROFILE: Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/gen-edward-katumba-wamala/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=The Independent Uganda: |language=en-US}}</ref> Essomo ero lyansigalamu nti nebwenafuulibwa omuduumizi wa poliisi, nagenda okukyalira mwami Wakatamba-Omukulu w'essomero okumusiima naye namusiȠȠaana mu mbeera nga tasobola kuntegeera.<ref name=":0" /> Katumba Wamala alina satifikeeti mu by'obulimi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Agency |first=HICGI News |date=2015-06-22 |title=Uganda Chief of Defense Forces Gen Katumba Wamala with Hon Kivumbi Earnest Benjamin |url=https://hicginewsagency.com/2015/06/22/uganda-chief-of-defense-forces-gen-katumba-wamala-with-hon-kivumbi-earnest-benjamin/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=HICGI News Agency |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2007, yatikkirwa okuva mu [[Nkumba University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] ne Ddiguli esooka mu nkolagana y'amawanga n'enkola z'amawanga okuteeseganya. Alina ne Ddiguli eyokubiri mu bukulembeze obw'okulengera embeera eyomumaaso ([[Master of Science degree in strategic leadership]]) gye yafunira mu ttendekero li [[United States Army War College]] .<ref>"The Chief of Defence Forces, Gen. Edward Katumba Wamala". ''specialforcescommand.go.ug''. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2015.</ref><ref>Tebajjukira, Madinah (22 April 2007). "Uganda: General Katumba Gets First Class Degree". New Vision via AllAfrica.com. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>Alina amabaluwa g'ekinnamagye okuva mu matendekero gano wammanga; [[Uganda Military Academy]], [[Tanzania Military Academy.]] waliwo n'ebbaluwa gye yafuna okuva tendekero ly'amagye erya [[Soviet Union,]] endala yagifunira mu [[Nigerian Command and staff College,]] ne mu [[United States Army command and staff College]], ssaako ne gye yafunira mu United States Army War College.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Police will miss Katumba Wamala |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/463676 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223092033/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/459/463676 |archive-date=2015-12-23 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.newvision.co.ug}}</ref>Mu 2023, Yunivasite y'e Nkumba yamuwa ekitiibwa ky'obwa Dokita mu kusiima ettofaali lyatadde ku kitundu kye, Eggwanga, n'abantu.<ref>Samuel Muhimba (26 October 2023). "Gen Katumba Wamala awarded honorary doctorate". ''Nile Post Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 26 October 2023.</ref> == Emirimu gye == Wamala yali offiisa mu ggye lya [[Uganda National Liberation Army.(UNLA)]] ,eggye lya [[National Resistance Army]](NRA) bwe lyawangula [[Uganda National Liberation Front|UNLA]] mu mwaka gwa 1986. Bw'atyo yakyusa nadda mu NRA awataali kimutaataganya.<ref>Kato, Joshua (5 September 2005). "Rebels Turned UPDF Commanders". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Wakati wa 1999 ne 2000, Katumba yali muyizi mu ttendekero ly'amaggye erya [[U.S Army War college]] mu [[Carlisle County, Kentucky|Carlisle]], mu Pennsyvania. Wakati wa 2000 ne 2001,ng'ali ku ddaala lya [[Major General]], yaduumira eggye ly'eggwanga mu ggwanga lya [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]]. Yalondebwa ng'omuduumizi wa police mu 2001 okutuusa 2005. Mu Gwomunaana 2003,Katumba yakiika mu lukungaana lw'ekibiina ekigatta Bannayuganda abawangaalirra mu North America lu UNAA mu [[Boston]], Massachusets.<ref>"Uganda: N. American Ugandans Meet". New Vision (Kampala). 2 September 2003. Retrieved 18 February 2026.</ref> Olwo yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya [[luteenanti general]] era naaweebwa eky'okudduumira eggye ly'eggwanga eryokuttaka erisangibwa mu bbalakisi y'amaggye e Bombo nekimufuula omu ku b'offiisa b'amagye abasinga obukulu mu ggye lya Uganda.<ref>Candia, Steven (3 November 2005). "Major General Kale Kaihura Takes Over Police Force". ''New Vision''. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> Mu mulimu gwe nga omuduumizi w'amagye gookuttaka, yenyigira nnyo mu nteekateeka z'eggye erikuuma emirembe mu [[Somalia]] ezimanyiddwa ennyo nga [[AMISOM]].<ref>Ayiga Ondoga (14 February 2010). "Over 1,700 UPDF Soldiers for Somalia". Kampala: New Vision. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref>. Nga 23 Ogwokutaano 2013,yakuzibwa okutuuka ku ddaala lya genero era naalondebwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'Eggwanga.<ref>John Tugume (24 May 2013). "General Katumba Wamala To Head The Uganda Army". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017. Retrieved 12 May 2014.</ref> == Okugezaako okumutemula. == Nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 2021, Katumba Wamala bwe yali agenda mu kibuga, abasajja bana abaali babagalidde emigemerawala baasindirira mmotoka ye amasasi mu Kisaasi, ku nkingizi za Kampala.Wamala yafiuna ebiwundu ku bibegaabega byombi, naye yasimattuka naddusibwa mu ddwaliro .Ddereeva we Haruna Kayondo ne muwala we Nantongo battibwa mukifo awaali obulumbaganyi.Abooluganda lwa Brenda bonna beetaba mu lumbe lwa Brenda Wamala Nantongo.<ref>Sam Waswa (1 June 2021). "General Katumba Wamala Attacked by Gunmen; Daughter Reported Dead". ''ChimpReports''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills 2". ''Deutsche Welle''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Katumba Wamala: Uganda minister shot in assassination attempt". ''BBC News''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref><ref>"Assassination attempt on Ugandan minister kills daughter and driver". ''The Guardian''. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2021.</ref>.Oluvannuma lw'omwezi ogw'okunoonyereza nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 2021, ab'obuyinza baalaga nti abalumbaganyi baali basiraamu ba nalukalala abantendekembwa mu nkabi ya ba Jihaadi mu Kivu ey'Obukiika kkono e [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Congo]] era balina akakwate ku ggye lya [[Allied Democratic Forces]] (ADF) ne [[Islamic State]].<ref>"Uganda links Islamist rebels to attempted murder of minister". ''Reuters''. 1 July 2021.</ref> [[President of Uganda|Pulezidenti wa Uganda]] [[Yoweri Museveni]] yavumirira obulumbaganyi, bweyannyonyola "ng'omulimu gw' embizi ezitawa bulamu muwendo" == Okuwummula okuva mu ggye Lya UPDF == Mu Gwomunaana 2026, oluvannyuma lw'emyaka 47 egy'omuddiriȠȠana egy'obuweereza bw'eggye ly'eggwanga Genereo Katumba wamala waakuwummula okuva mu ggye ly'eggwanaga (UPDF) eyo ng'omwaka gunaatera okuggwako. Agenda mu maaso okuweereza nga minisita mu kabbineeti ya Uganda.<ref>Dan Wandera (9 August 2026). "Gen Katumba honoured ahead of UPDF retirement". ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>Rogers Atukunda (10 August 2026). "Katumba Wamala Marks 47 Years of Military Service Ppays Tribute To Museveni". ''SoftPower Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda. Retrieved 10 August 2026.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-21 |title=A look at Gen Katumba Wamala's 47 years in uniform |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/video/a-look-at-gen-katumba-wamala-s-47-years-in-uniform-5565620 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == * Ekibanja kya Genero Katumba Wamala ku kibanja ki Parliament.go.ug * Ebifaananyi bya genero Katumba Wamala ku mukutu gwa google.com {| class="wikitable" | colspan="3" valign="top" | '''Abalondeddwa mu poliisi''' |- | valign="top" |'''Yadda mu bigere bya''' John Kisembo | valign="top" |'''Omuduumizi wa Poliisi ya Uganda''' 2003-2005 | valign="top" |Eyamuddira mu bigere '''Kale Kayihura''' |- | colspan="3" valign="top" | '''Offiisi z'amagye''' |- | valign="top" | '''Yadda mu bigere bya''' Aronda Nyakairima | valign="top" |'''Omuduumizi owokuntikko ow'eggye lya Uganda''' 2013-2017 | valign="top" |'''Eyamuddira mu bigere''' David Muhoozi |- | colspan="3" valign="top" | '''Ofiisi z'obuweereza bwa gavumenti''' |- | valign="top" |'''Yadda mu bigere bya''' Monica Azuba Ntege | valign="top" |'''Minisita w'emirimu n'ebyentambula''' Ogwekkumineebiri 2019-Ogwokutaano 2026 | valign="top" |'''Eyamuddira mu bigere''' Fred Byamukama |- | valign="top" | '''Yadda mu bigere bya''' Wilson Muruli Mukasa | valign="top" |'''Minisita w'Abakozi ba Gavumenti''' Ogwokutaanao 2026-Okutuusa leero | valign="top" |'''Eyamuddira mu bigere''' Ekifo yakirimu |} [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1956]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Kalangala]] [[Category:Abaganda]] [[Category:Abaduumizi ba police ya Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Uganda Millitary Academy]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army and General Staff College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku the Command and General staff College abatali Bamerica]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku United States Army War College]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Tanzania Military Academy]] [[Category:Baminisita ba gavumenti ya Uganda]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'omwenda]] [[Category:Bagenero ba Uganda]] [[Category:Abakoseddwa ebikolwa by'obumenyi bw'amateeka]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda ab'emirimu gya gavumenti]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda ab'ebyentambula]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi]] [[Category:Abaduumizi abokuntikkpo ab'eggye (Uganda)]] 7icyxb66euq42frguutnvpkt8btqljo Derrick Nyeko 0 8106 74213 74130 2026-09-09T16:16:11Z Berniter 10779 74213 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Derrick Nyeko Keko''' (yazaalibwa 1992),Munnayuganda Munnabyabufuzi, omulimi era yaliko omubaka wa paalamenti mu paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi nemu (2021-2026)akiikirira Buvanjuba bwa Makindye.Minisita ow'ekisiikirize ow'ensonga z'obwapulezidenti n'ebyokerinda (2021-2024) era yaliko Minisita w'ekisiikirize ow'ebyokwerinda n'ensonga z'abaazirwanako (2024-2026).Mufumbo ne Ruth Kirabo Nyeko.Mmemba w'ekiibina ekivuganya gavumenti ekya National Unity Platform(NUP)era nga muwagizi wa people power,Our power Movement.Gyebuvuddeko yali akolagana n’ekibiina ekiri mubuyinza ekya National Resistance Movement (NRM). == Omulimu == Nyeko yaweerezako  nga Ssaabawandiisi w'ensonga z'abayizi mu Kakiiko k’abuvubuka aka Youth for market zone 2011.Oluvannyuma mu mwaka gwe gumu yalondebwa nga Ssabawandiisi w'ekibiina kya Buganda youth Council ku parish level nga Omuwandiisi w’Okumanyisa abantu.Era yaweerezaako nga kansala w’Abavubuka mu  Makindye Urban Council era ng'Omuwandiisi wa NRM Youth Council mu Kampala, ekifo kino kyaleetawo obutakkaanya kubanga , kubanga yalabikanga ng’ali mu bibiina by’obufuzi bibiri,NRM ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza n'ekya National Unity Platform (NUP) ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya.Nyeko yava mu National Resistance Movement (NRM) n'agenda mu National Unity Platform (NUP) ng'awakanya okuggyawo ekkomo ku myaka gya pulezidenti ekyandireetedde Museveni okusigala mu buyinza okumala emyaka egisukka mu asatu mwetaano. Nyeko yava mu National Resistance Movement (NRM) n'agenda mu National Unity Platform (NUP) ng'awakanya okuggyawo ekkomo ku myaka gya pulezidenti ekyandireetedde Museveni okusigala mu buyinza okumala emyaka egisukka mu 35.Oluvannyuma yeesimbawo ku kifo ky'omubaka wa paalamenti ow'Amambuka Makindye era n'awangula  eyali mu kifo ekyo Hon. Ibrahim Kasozi owa FDC, ekibiina ekirala ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya Gavumenti. [[File:Nyeko Derrick.jpg|left|thumb|Nyeko Derrick.jpg]] == Okukwatibwa == Nyeko yakwatibwa n'ateebwa enfunda eziwera mu kakuyege gweyaliko ng'anoonya eky'omubaka wa Paalamenti, era ng'ali n'omukulembezze wa NUP [[:en:Bobi_Wine|Bobi Wine]] mu kaseera Bobi keyaliko ng'anoonya bululu bw'okubeera pulezidenti w'eggwanga n'okwegugunga okwaliwo nga bawakanya okubulawo kw'abawagizi abaali kuludda oluvuganya.<ref>https://ugandaradionetwork.net/a/file.php?fileId=222189</ref> == Ebimukwatako n'okusoma kwe == Nyeko yazaalibwa mu [[:en:Nsambya_Hospital|ddwaliro ly'e Nsambya]] mu Kampala mu 1992 tabazadde b'eggwanga lya [[:en:Adhola_people|Japadhola]], nga kitaawe y'omwami Paineto Ofumbi n'omukyala Florence Ofumbi. Yakulira mu Wabigalo, Namuwongo mu Disitulikiti y'e Kampala mu famire y'abaana mukaaga. Yasomera ku Ebenezer Primary School mu Wabigalo, St. Peter’s Secondary School e Nsambya gyeyamalira S4 ate S6 n'agituulira ku St. Mary’s College Lugazi. Oluvannyuma n'agenda kutendekero lya Kampala Film School gyeyatikirwa ne dipulooma mu kukwata firimu.<ref>https://observer.ug/lifestyle/68438-i-m-a-muganda-derrick-nyeko</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BBXpbRoK8es</ref> == Ebijuliriziddwamu == {{Reflist}} == Ewalala w'osobola okubigya == * MorningXpress - Annatalia Oze as she hosts Hon.Derrick Nyeko to tell us his journey into leadership [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda]] [[Category:Buganda]] flvt7vq30m7ki8eyhg37pwnj45yotw0 74214 74213 2026-09-09T16:18:42Z Berniter 10779 /* Omulimu */ 74214 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Derrick Nyeko Keko''' (yazaalibwa 1992),Munnayuganda Munnabyabufuzi, omulimi era yaliko omubaka wa paalamenti mu paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi nemu (2021-2026)akiikirira Buvanjuba bwa Makindye.Minisita ow'ekisiikirize ow'ensonga z'obwapulezidenti n'ebyokerinda (2021-2024) era yaliko Minisita w'ekisiikirize ow'ebyokwerinda n'ensonga z'abaazirwanako (2024-2026).Mufumbo ne Ruth Kirabo Nyeko.Mmemba w'ekiibina ekivuganya gavumenti ekya National Unity Platform(NUP)era nga muwagizi wa people power,Our power Movement.Gyebuvuddeko yali akolagana n’ekibiina ekiri mubuyinza ekya National Resistance Movement (NRM). == Omulimu == Nyeko yaweerezako  nga Ssaabawandiisi w'ensonga z'abayizi mu Kakiiko k’abuvubuka aka Youth for market zone 2011.Oluvannyuma mu mwaka gwe gumu yalondebwa nga Ssabawandiisi w'ekibiina kya Buganda youth Council ku parish level nga Omuwandiisi w’Okumanyisa abantu.Era yaweerezaako nga kansala w’Abavubuka mu  Makindye Urban Council era ng'Omuwandiisi wa NRM Youth Council mu Kampala, ekifo kino kyaleetawo obutakkaanya kubanga , kubanga yalabikanga ng’ali mu bibiina by’obufuzi bibiri,NRM ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza n'ekya National Unity Platform (NUP) ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya.Nyeko yava mu National Resistance Movement (NRM) n'agenda mu National Unity Platform (NUP) ng'awakanya okuggyawo ekkomo ku myaka gya pulezidenti ekyandireetedde Museveni okusigala mu buyinza okumala emyaka egisukka mu asatu mwetaano. Nyeko yava mu National Resistance Movement (NRM) n'agenda mu National Unity Platform (NUP) ng'awakanya okuggyawo ekkomo ku myaka gya pulezidenti ekyandireetedde Museveni okusigala mu buyinza okumala emyaka egisukka mu 35.Oluvannyuma yeesimbawo ku kifo ky'omubaka wa paalamenti ow'Amambuka Makindye era n'awangula  eyali mu kifo ekyo Hon. Ibrahim Kasozi owa FDC, ekibiina ekirala ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya Gavumenti.Oluvannyuma yalondebwa nga Ssaabaminisita ow'ekisiikirize era ow'eby'okwerinda mu kabineti ey'ekisiikirize nga yalondebwa omukulembeze w'oludda oluvuganya gavumenti Hon. Mathias Mpuuga. [[File:Nyeko Derrick.jpg|left|thumb|Nyeko Derrick.jpg]] == Okukwatibwa == Nyeko yakwatibwa n'ateebwa enfunda eziwera mu kakuyege gweyaliko ng'anoonya eky'omubaka wa Paalamenti, era ng'ali n'omukulembezze wa NUP [[:en:Bobi_Wine|Bobi Wine]] mu kaseera Bobi keyaliko ng'anoonya bululu bw'okubeera pulezidenti w'eggwanga n'okwegugunga okwaliwo nga bawakanya okubulawo kw'abawagizi abaali kuludda oluvuganya.<ref>https://ugandaradionetwork.net/a/file.php?fileId=222189</ref> == Ebimukwatako n'okusoma kwe == Nyeko yazaalibwa mu [[:en:Nsambya_Hospital|ddwaliro ly'e Nsambya]] mu Kampala mu 1992 tabazadde b'eggwanga lya [[:en:Adhola_people|Japadhola]], nga kitaawe y'omwami Paineto Ofumbi n'omukyala Florence Ofumbi. Yakulira mu Wabigalo, Namuwongo mu Disitulikiti y'e Kampala mu famire y'abaana mukaaga. Yasomera ku Ebenezer Primary School mu Wabigalo, St. Peter’s Secondary School e Nsambya gyeyamalira S4 ate S6 n'agituulira ku St. Mary’s College Lugazi. Oluvannyuma n'agenda kutendekero lya Kampala Film School gyeyatikirwa ne dipulooma mu kukwata firimu.<ref>https://observer.ug/lifestyle/68438-i-m-a-muganda-derrick-nyeko</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BBXpbRoK8es</ref> == Ebijuliriziddwamu == {{Reflist}} == Ewalala w'osobola okubigya == * MorningXpress - Annatalia Oze as she hosts Hon.Derrick Nyeko to tell us his journey into leadership [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda]] [[Category:Buganda]] 1h5olbrogapz01y113gujvuytihz97y 74323 74214 2026-09-09T16:23:11Z Berniter 10779 /* Omulimu */ 74323 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Derrick Nyeko Keko''' (yazaalibwa 1992),Munnayuganda Munnabyabufuzi, omulimi era yaliko omubaka wa paalamenti mu paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi nemu (2021-2026)akiikirira Buvanjuba bwa Makindye.Minisita ow'ekisiikirize ow'ensonga z'obwapulezidenti n'ebyokerinda (2021-2024) era yaliko Minisita w'ekisiikirize ow'ebyokwerinda n'ensonga z'abaazirwanako (2024-2026).Mufumbo ne Ruth Kirabo Nyeko.Mmemba w'ekiibina ekivuganya gavumenti ekya National Unity Platform(NUP)era nga muwagizi wa people power,Our power Movement.Gyebuvuddeko yali akolagana n’ekibiina ekiri mubuyinza ekya National Resistance Movement (NRM). == Omulimu == Nyeko yaweerezako  nga Ssaabawandiisi w'ensonga z'abayizi mu Kakiiko k’abuvubuka aka Youth for market zone 2011.Oluvannyuma mu mwaka gwe gumu yalondebwa nga Ssabawandiisi w'ekibiina kya Buganda youth Council ku parish level nga Omuwandiisi w’Okumanyisa abantu.Era yaweerezaako nga kansala w’Abavubuka mu  Makindye Urban Council era ng'Omuwandiisi wa NRM Youth Council mu Kampala, ekifo kino kyaleetawo obutakkaanya kubanga , kubanga yalabikanga ng’ali mu bibiina by’obufuzi bibiri,NRM ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza n'ekya National Unity Platform (NUP) ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya.Nyeko yava mu National Resistance Movement (NRM) n'agenda mu National Unity Platform (NUP) ng'awakanya okuggyawo ekkomo ku myaka gya pulezidenti ekyandireetedde Museveni okusigala mu buyinza okumala emyaka egisukka mu asatu mwetaano. Nyeko yava mu National Resistance Movement (NRM) n'agenda mu National Unity Platform (NUP) ng'awakanya okuggyawo ekkomo ku myaka gya pulezidenti ekyandireetedde Museveni okusigala mu buyinza okumala emyaka egisukka mu 35.Oluvannyuma yeesimbawo ku kifo ky'omubaka wa paalamenti ow'Amambuka Makindye era n'awangula  eyali mu kifo ekyo Hon. Ibrahim Kasozi owa FDC, ekibiina ekirala ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya Gavumenti.Oluvannyuma yalondebwa nga Ssaabaminisita ow'ekisiikirize era ow'eby'okwerinda mu kabineti ey'ekisiikirize nga yalondebwa omukulembeze w'oludda oluvuganya gavumenti Hon. Mathias Mpuuga. Yava mu lwokaano lwa 2026 wakati mu ntalo za NUP [[File:Nyeko Derrick.jpg|left|thumb|Nyeko Derrick.jpg]] == Okukwatibwa == Nyeko yakwatibwa n'ateebwa enfunda eziwera mu kakuyege gweyaliko ng'anoonya eky'omubaka wa Paalamenti, era ng'ali n'omukulembezze wa NUP [[:en:Bobi_Wine|Bobi Wine]] mu kaseera Bobi keyaliko ng'anoonya bululu bw'okubeera pulezidenti w'eggwanga n'okwegugunga okwaliwo nga bawakanya okubulawo kw'abawagizi abaali kuludda oluvuganya.<ref>https://ugandaradionetwork.net/a/file.php?fileId=222189</ref> == Ebimukwatako n'okusoma kwe == Nyeko yazaalibwa mu [[:en:Nsambya_Hospital|ddwaliro ly'e Nsambya]] mu Kampala mu 1992 tabazadde b'eggwanga lya [[:en:Adhola_people|Japadhola]], nga kitaawe y'omwami Paineto Ofumbi n'omukyala Florence Ofumbi. Yakulira mu Wabigalo, Namuwongo mu Disitulikiti y'e Kampala mu famire y'abaana mukaaga. Yasomera ku Ebenezer Primary School mu Wabigalo, St. Peter’s Secondary School e Nsambya gyeyamalira S4 ate S6 n'agituulira ku St. Mary’s College Lugazi. Oluvannyuma n'agenda kutendekero lya Kampala Film School gyeyatikirwa ne dipulooma mu kukwata firimu.<ref>https://observer.ug/lifestyle/68438-i-m-a-muganda-derrick-nyeko</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BBXpbRoK8es</ref> == Ebijuliriziddwamu == {{Reflist}} == Ewalala w'osobola okubigya == * MorningXpress - Annatalia Oze as she hosts Hon.Derrick Nyeko to tell us his journey into leadership [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda]] [[Category:Buganda]] ixd4c27wa5oahhenmbaqhreuwhpkzmi 74324 74323 2026-09-09T16:31:16Z Berniter 10779 /* Okukwatibwa */ 74324 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Derrick Nyeko Keko''' (yazaalibwa 1992),Munnayuganda Munnabyabufuzi, omulimi era yaliko omubaka wa paalamenti mu paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi nemu (2021-2026)akiikirira Buvanjuba bwa Makindye.Minisita ow'ekisiikirize ow'ensonga z'obwapulezidenti n'ebyokerinda (2021-2024) era yaliko Minisita w'ekisiikirize ow'ebyokwerinda n'ensonga z'abaazirwanako (2024-2026).Mufumbo ne Ruth Kirabo Nyeko.Mmemba w'ekiibina ekivuganya gavumenti ekya National Unity Platform(NUP)era nga muwagizi wa people power,Our power Movement.Gyebuvuddeko yali akolagana n’ekibiina ekiri mubuyinza ekya National Resistance Movement (NRM). == Omulimu == Nyeko yaweerezako  nga Ssaabawandiisi w'ensonga z'abayizi mu Kakiiko k’abuvubuka aka Youth for market zone 2011.Oluvannyuma mu mwaka gwe gumu yalondebwa nga Ssabawandiisi w'ekibiina kya Buganda youth Council ku parish level nga Omuwandiisi w’Okumanyisa abantu.Era yaweerezaako nga kansala w’Abavubuka mu  Makindye Urban Council era ng'Omuwandiisi wa NRM Youth Council mu Kampala, ekifo kino kyaleetawo obutakkaanya kubanga , kubanga yalabikanga ng’ali mu bibiina by’obufuzi bibiri,NRM ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza n'ekya National Unity Platform (NUP) ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya.Nyeko yava mu National Resistance Movement (NRM) n'agenda mu National Unity Platform (NUP) ng'awakanya okuggyawo ekkomo ku myaka gya pulezidenti ekyandireetedde Museveni okusigala mu buyinza okumala emyaka egisukka mu asatu mwetaano. Nyeko yava mu National Resistance Movement (NRM) n'agenda mu National Unity Platform (NUP) ng'awakanya okuggyawo ekkomo ku myaka gya pulezidenti ekyandireetedde Museveni okusigala mu buyinza okumala emyaka egisukka mu 35.Oluvannyuma yeesimbawo ku kifo ky'omubaka wa paalamenti ow'Amambuka Makindye era n'awangula  eyali mu kifo ekyo Hon. Ibrahim Kasozi owa FDC, ekibiina ekirala ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya Gavumenti.Oluvannyuma yalondebwa nga Ssaabaminisita ow'ekisiikirize era ow'eby'okwerinda mu kabineti ey'ekisiikirize nga yalondebwa omukulembeze w'oludda oluvuganya gavumenti Hon. Mathias Mpuuga. Yava mu lwokaano lwa 2026 wakati mu ntalo za NUP [[File:Nyeko Derrick.jpg|left|thumb|Nyeko Derrick.jpg]] == Okukwatibwa == == Ebimukwatako n'okusoma kwe == Nyeko yazaalibwa mu [[:en:Nsambya_Hospital|ddwaliro ly'e Nsambya]] mu Kampala mu 1992 tabazadde b'eggwanga lya [[:en:Adhola_people|Japadhola]], nga kitaawe y'omwami Paineto Ofumbi n'omukyala Florence Ofumbi. Yakulira mu Wabigalo, Namuwongo mu Disitulikiti y'e Kampala mu famire y'abaana mukaaga. Yasomera ku Ebenezer Primary School mu Wabigalo, St. Peter’s Secondary School e Nsambya gyeyamalira S4 ate S6 n'agituulira ku St. Mary’s College Lugazi. Oluvannyuma n'agenda kutendekero lya Kampala Film School gyeyatikirwa ne dipulooma mu kukwata firimu.<ref>https://observer.ug/lifestyle/68438-i-m-a-muganda-derrick-nyeko</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BBXpbRoK8es</ref> == Ebijuliriziddwamu == {{Reflist}} == Ewalala w'osobola okubigya == * MorningXpress - Annatalia Oze as she hosts Hon.Derrick Nyeko to tell us his journey into leadership [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda]] [[Category:Buganda]] jbyb4gcvumw4nlb8tg04ckocmsex959 74325 74324 2026-09-09T16:35:13Z Berniter 10779 /* Okukwatibwa */ 74325 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Derrick Nyeko Keko''' (yazaalibwa 1992),Munnayuganda Munnabyabufuzi, omulimi era yaliko omubaka wa paalamenti mu paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi nemu (2021-2026)akiikirira Buvanjuba bwa Makindye.Minisita ow'ekisiikirize ow'ensonga z'obwapulezidenti n'ebyokerinda (2021-2024) era yaliko Minisita w'ekisiikirize ow'ebyokwerinda n'ensonga z'abaazirwanako (2024-2026).Mufumbo ne Ruth Kirabo Nyeko.Mmemba w'ekiibina ekivuganya gavumenti ekya National Unity Platform(NUP)era nga muwagizi wa people power,Our power Movement.Gyebuvuddeko yali akolagana n’ekibiina ekiri mubuyinza ekya National Resistance Movement (NRM). == Omulimu == Nyeko yaweerezako  nga Ssaabawandiisi w'ensonga z'abayizi mu Kakiiko k’abuvubuka aka Youth for market zone 2011.Oluvannyuma mu mwaka gwe gumu yalondebwa nga Ssabawandiisi w'ekibiina kya Buganda youth Council ku parish level nga Omuwandiisi w’Okumanyisa abantu.Era yaweerezaako nga kansala w’Abavubuka mu  Makindye Urban Council era ng'Omuwandiisi wa NRM Youth Council mu Kampala, ekifo kino kyaleetawo obutakkaanya kubanga , kubanga yalabikanga ng’ali mu bibiina by’obufuzi bibiri,NRM ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza n'ekya National Unity Platform (NUP) ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya.Nyeko yava mu National Resistance Movement (NRM) n'agenda mu National Unity Platform (NUP) ng'awakanya okuggyawo ekkomo ku myaka gya pulezidenti ekyandireetedde Museveni okusigala mu buyinza okumala emyaka egisukka mu asatu mwetaano. Nyeko yava mu National Resistance Movement (NRM) n'agenda mu National Unity Platform (NUP) ng'awakanya okuggyawo ekkomo ku myaka gya pulezidenti ekyandireetedde Museveni okusigala mu buyinza okumala emyaka egisukka mu 35.Oluvannyuma yeesimbawo ku kifo ky'omubaka wa paalamenti ow'Amambuka Makindye era n'awangula  eyali mu kifo ekyo Hon. Ibrahim Kasozi owa FDC, ekibiina ekirala ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya Gavumenti.Oluvannyuma yalondebwa nga Ssaabaminisita ow'ekisiikirize era ow'eby'okwerinda mu kabineti ey'ekisiikirize nga yalondebwa omukulembeze w'oludda oluvuganya gavumenti Hon. Mathias Mpuuga. Yava mu lwokaano lwa 2026 wakati mu ntalo za NUP [[File:Nyeko Derrick.jpg|left|thumb|Nyeko Derrick.jpg]] == Okukwatibwa == Nyeko yakwatibwa era n'ateebwa emirundi egiwerako mu kunoonya akalulu k'omubaka wa Paalamenti,wamu n’omukulembeze wa NUP Bobi Wine mu kunoonya akalulu k'obwa pulezidenti ne mu kwekalakaasa olw'abawagizi b'oludda oluvuganya gavumenti ababula. == Ebimukwatako n'okusoma kwe == Nyeko yazaalibwa mu [[:en:Nsambya_Hospital|ddwaliro ly'e Nsambya]] mu Kampala mu 1992 tabazadde b'eggwanga lya [[:en:Adhola_people|Japadhola]], nga kitaawe y'omwami Paineto Ofumbi n'omukyala Florence Ofumbi. Yakulira mu Wabigalo, Namuwongo mu Disitulikiti y'e Kampala mu famire y'abaana mukaaga. Yasomera ku Ebenezer Primary School mu Wabigalo, St. Peter’s Secondary School e Nsambya gyeyamalira S4 ate S6 n'agituulira ku St. Mary’s College Lugazi. Oluvannyuma n'agenda kutendekero lya Kampala Film School gyeyatikirwa ne dipulooma mu kukwata firimu.<ref>https://observer.ug/lifestyle/68438-i-m-a-muganda-derrick-nyeko</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BBXpbRoK8es</ref> == Ebijuliriziddwamu == {{Reflist}} == Ewalala w'osobola okubigya == * MorningXpress - Annatalia Oze as she hosts Hon.Derrick Nyeko to tell us his journey into leadership [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda]] [[Category:Buganda]] 7v1ufa67cqvhks9akdohirdxy4oh9ar 74327 74325 2026-09-09T16:37:35Z Berniter 10779 /* Ebimukwatako n'okusoma kwe */ 74327 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Derrick Nyeko Keko''' (yazaalibwa 1992),Munnayuganda Munnabyabufuzi, omulimi era yaliko omubaka wa paalamenti mu paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi nemu (2021-2026)akiikirira Buvanjuba bwa Makindye.Minisita ow'ekisiikirize ow'ensonga z'obwapulezidenti n'ebyokerinda (2021-2024) era yaliko Minisita w'ekisiikirize ow'ebyokwerinda n'ensonga z'abaazirwanako (2024-2026).Mufumbo ne Ruth Kirabo Nyeko.Mmemba w'ekiibina ekivuganya gavumenti ekya National Unity Platform(NUP)era nga muwagizi wa people power,Our power Movement.Gyebuvuddeko yali akolagana n’ekibiina ekiri mubuyinza ekya National Resistance Movement (NRM). == Omulimu == Nyeko yaweerezako  nga Ssaabawandiisi w'ensonga z'abayizi mu Kakiiko k’abuvubuka aka Youth for market zone 2011.Oluvannyuma mu mwaka gwe gumu yalondebwa nga Ssabawandiisi w'ekibiina kya Buganda youth Council ku parish level nga Omuwandiisi w’Okumanyisa abantu.Era yaweerezaako nga kansala w’Abavubuka mu  Makindye Urban Council era ng'Omuwandiisi wa NRM Youth Council mu Kampala, ekifo kino kyaleetawo obutakkaanya kubanga , kubanga yalabikanga ng’ali mu bibiina by’obufuzi bibiri,NRM ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza n'ekya National Unity Platform (NUP) ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya.Nyeko yava mu National Resistance Movement (NRM) n'agenda mu National Unity Platform (NUP) ng'awakanya okuggyawo ekkomo ku myaka gya pulezidenti ekyandireetedde Museveni okusigala mu buyinza okumala emyaka egisukka mu asatu mwetaano. Nyeko yava mu National Resistance Movement (NRM) n'agenda mu National Unity Platform (NUP) ng'awakanya okuggyawo ekkomo ku myaka gya pulezidenti ekyandireetedde Museveni okusigala mu buyinza okumala emyaka egisukka mu 35.Oluvannyuma yeesimbawo ku kifo ky'omubaka wa paalamenti ow'Amambuka Makindye era n'awangula  eyali mu kifo ekyo Hon. Ibrahim Kasozi owa FDC, ekibiina ekirala ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya Gavumenti.Oluvannyuma yalondebwa nga Ssaabaminisita ow'ekisiikirize era ow'eby'okwerinda mu kabineti ey'ekisiikirize nga yalondebwa omukulembeze w'oludda oluvuganya gavumenti Hon. Mathias Mpuuga. Yava mu lwokaano lwa 2026 wakati mu ntalo za NUP [[File:Nyeko Derrick.jpg|left|thumb|Nyeko Derrick.jpg]] == Okukwatibwa == Nyeko yakwatibwa era n'ateebwa emirundi egiwerako mu kunoonya akalulu k'omubaka wa Paalamenti,wamu n’omukulembeze wa NUP Bobi Wine mu kunoonya akalulu k'obwa pulezidenti ne mu kwekalakaasa olw'abawagizi b'oludda oluvuganya gavumenti ababula. == Obuvo n'okusoma == Nyeko yazaalibwa mu [[:en:Nsambya_Hospital|ddwaliro ly'e Nsambya]] mu Kampala mu 1992 tabazadde b'eggwanga lya [[:en:Adhola_people|Japadhola]], nga kitaawe y'omwami Paineto Ofumbi n'omukyala Florence Ofumbi. Yakulira mu Wabigalo, Namuwongo mu Disitulikiti y'e Kampala mu famire y'abaana mukaaga. Yasomera ku Ebenezer Primary School mu Wabigalo, St. Peter’s Secondary School e Nsambya gyeyamalira S4 ate S6 n'agituulira ku St. Mary’s College Lugazi. Oluvannyuma n'agenda kutendekero lya Kampala Film School gyeyatikirwa ne dipulooma mu kukwata firimu.<ref>https://observer.ug/lifestyle/68438-i-m-a-muganda-derrick-nyeko</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BBXpbRoK8es</ref> == Ebijuliriziddwamu == {{Reflist}} == Ewalala w'osobola okubigya == * MorningXpress - Annatalia Oze as she hosts Hon.Derrick Nyeko to tell us his journey into leadership [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda]] [[Category:Buganda]] 1rup0eunso3ikc3q7gsp2xi6wanlazy Nvumetta Ruth Kavuma 0 8119 74388 73815 2026-09-10T05:29:59Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 74388 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nvumetta Ruth Kavuma''' abasinga gwebamannyi nga '''Ruth Kavuma''' munabyabufuzi omunnyuganda, okwegatira mu kibiina ky'abanabizineensi n'okuba omusomesa. Yeyamukyala omufirika eyasooka okukulira esomero lya Gayaza High School okumala emyaka 11 wakati wa 1990 ne 2002.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://gayazaoldgirls.com/imt_team/hon-ruth-nvumetta-kavuma/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-04-05 |archive-date=2022-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518100250/https://gayazaoldgirls.com/imt_team/hon-ruth-nvumetta-kavuma/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/kavuma-was-gayaza-high-s-first-ugandan-headteacher-1579192</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okuba ku [[:en:Gayaza_High_School|Gayaza High School,]] [[File:Gayaza High School New Admin Block.jpg|thumb|'''Gayaza High School New Admin Block.''']] yayingira eby'obufuzi n'afuuka omubaka [[:en:Member_of_parliament|omukyala owa palamenti]] mu palamenti ey'omunaana eya [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Uganda]] ng'akiikirira disitulikiti y'e [[:en:Kalangala_District|Kalangala w]]<nowiki/>ansi w'ekibiina kya [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement.]]<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://slideplayer.com/slide/6590900/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-04-05 |archive-date=2025-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250216040215/https://slideplayer.com/slide/6590900/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Y'omu kubakyala abaatandikawo ekibiina ky'abakyala ekya [[:en:Forum_for_African_Women_Educationalists|Forum for African Women Educationalists]] (FAWE) n'afuuka ne ssentebe eyasooka okulembera boodi ya Uganda Chapter, ekitongole ekirwanirira eby'enjigiriza by'omwana ow'obuwala.<ref name=":0" /> == Obulamu bwe == Bamuzaala mu bizinga by'e Ssese nga kitaawe ye James Lutaaya n'abeerako mu Gayaza High School. nga alina abaana bana.<ref name=":1" /> == Eby'okusoma kwe: == Mu 1963, yeegata ku Gayaza Junior School gyeyava okugenda ku Gayaza High School mu 1970. Yali pulifekiti kweyateeka n'okuzannya Volleyball.<ref name=":0" /> Yasomera ku [[:en:Makerere_University|yunivasite y'e]] [[:en:Makerere_University|Makerere]] n'afuna diguli mu bya sayansi mu Physics, Chemistry n'okubala, oluvannyuma yasuula Chemistry ku lwa Psychology. == By'azze akola: == Y'amyuka ssentebe w'ekitongole [[:en:National_Identification_and_Registration_Authority|ekiwandiisa bannayuganda.]]<ref>http://nilepost.co.ug/2020/01/14/joseph-biribonwa-appointed-new-nira-board-chairperson/</ref><ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/tag/ruth-nvumetta-kavuma/</ref><ref>https://www.nira.go.ug/about-nira/board-of-directors</ref><ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1514964</ref><ref>https://ugandaradionetwork.net/a/file.php?fileId=191829</ref> Y'omu ku bamemba b'ekibiina ekigatta ba minista n'abakiiririra palamenti mu Afrika ekya Network of African Ministers and Parliamentarians Uganda Chapter.<ref name=":0" /> Mulugendolwe olw'eby'obufuzii, mu palamenti ya Uganda yakolako mu kakiiko k'eby'ensimbi ekintu ekyamuwa akakisa okukwasizaako n'okufuna ebikozese okuyamba mu by'obulamu.<ref name=":0" /> Yaliko ssentebe w'ekibiina kya Mama Alive Initiatives (MAI) ne memba wa Network of Women Parliamentarians mu Uganda.<ref name=":0" /> Ali mu Rotary Club of Kampala mu bizinga by'e Ssese nga yakolako ng'omukulembezze wakyo eyavaako.<ref name=":0" /> Yakulemberako akakiiko akaali kasaganya okuzimba rotary baanka y'e ddwaliro ly'e Mengo.<ref name=":0" /> Memba w'akakiiko akavunaanyizibwa kusonga z'omwana ow'obuwala mu Uganda ng'ate memba w'akakiiko kakadukanya e Kisaakate Kya Nnabagereka.<ref name=":0" /> Mu bulamu bwe obwasooka, yakola ko nga yinginiya eyali atendekebwa ku ofiisi ezivunaanyizibwa mu kutambuza amabaluwa n'ebitereke wamu n'eby'empuliziganya. Nga wayise akaseera, yakizuula nti yali tayagala bya bwa yinginiya n'asalwo okudayo ku yunivasite e Makerere n'afuna dipulooma ey'okubiri mu by'okusomesa wakati wa 1979 ne 1980.<ref name=":1" /> Oluvannyuma lw'omusomo zino yatwalibwa ku Gayaza High School gyeyava okugenda mu by'obufuzi mu 2001 n'afuuka omubaka omukyala eyali akiikirira disitulikiti y'e Kalangala mu palamenti.<ref name=":1" /> Yalekulira eby'obufuzi ekyatiisa NRM ng'ekibiina ky'eby'obufuzi okuva eri abaali bagivuganya mu kutwala entebbe y'anaakiikirira disitulikiti y'e Kalangala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://observer.ug/news-headlines/7766-kalangalas-kikoola-ruth-kavuma-leave-nrm-in-tight-corner |access-date=2022-04-05 |archive-date=2022-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322185830/https://observer.ug/news-headlines/7766-kalangalas-kikoola-ruth-kavuma-leave-nrm-in-tight-corner |url-status=dead }}</ref> Weyeegatta ku Gayaza High School okusomesa, yalondebwa ekibiina ekigata abazadde n'abasomesa, ng'akiikirira abasomesa.<ref name=":1" />Yalondebwa nga omumyuka w'akulira esomero, oluvannyuma n'aweebwa eky'okukulira esomero lino. Kino kyatukawo eyali akulira esomero lino Sheelagh Warren, yali awezezza emyaka 60 eg'okuwumula 60 nga addayo e Bungereza.<ref name=":1" /> Ensangi zino akola gwakubudabuda.<ref name=":1" /> == Laba ne bino == * [[:en:List_of_members_of_the_eighth_Parliament_of_Uganda|List of members of the eighth Parliament of Uganda]] * [[:en:Gayaza_High_School|Gayaza High School]] * Section about [[:en:Gayaza_High_School#Ruth_Nvumetta_Kavuma_(1990–2002)|Ruth Nvumetta Kavuma (1990–2002)]] on [[:en:Gayaza_High_School|Gayaza High School]] * [[:en:National_Identification_and_Registration_Authority|National Identification and Registration Authority]] == External links == * [https://www.parliament.go.ug/ Website of the Parliament of Uganda] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250628202948/https://gayazahs.sc.ug/about/ Website of Gayaza High School] * [https://www.nira.go.ug/about-nira/board-of-directors Website for Board of Directors-NIRA] == References == [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Makerere University]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'omunaana]] axoq685kuzjjhtknqsgw8vnkkfj43e7 Vinka (musician) 0 8183 74401 61593 2026-09-10T08:20:17Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 74401 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Nakiyingi Veronica Lugya''' era amanyiddwa nga Vinka (yazaalibwa nga 27 Ogwomukaaga 1994) [[Uganda|Munnayuganda]] munnabitone, omuzinyi, omuyimbi, era omuwandiisi w'ennyimba. Ali wansi w'ebibiina okuli ekya [[Swangz Avenue]] ne Sony Music entertainment.<ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1501104</ref><ref name="observer.ug">https://observer.ug/lifestyle/60714-vinka-on-that-feud-with-irene-ntale</ref><ref name="swangzavenue.com">https://swangzavenue.com/vinka/</ref><ref>https://www.sqoop.co.ug/202109/four-one-one/vinka-returns-after-a-one-year-break.html</ref> == Obuvo n'okusoma == Vinka wazaalibwa mu 1994 eri omwami n'omukyala Lugya nga yakula ne kitaawe e Kazo, bwe yatuuka mu pulayimale ey'okutaano, yagenda okubeera ne maama we e [[Bweyogerere]]<ref name="observer.ug"/>. Yagenda ku ssomero lya Hormisdalen primary school e [[Kamwookya|Kamwokya]] ku kusoma kwe okw'obwannannyini. Oluvannyuma yeegatta ku ssomero lya Lubaga girl's school okusoma O' ne A'.<ref name="observer.ug"/> Oluvannyuma yeegatta ku ssettendekero ya [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Makerere University]] n'afuna diguli mu [[Tourism|byobulambuzi]] [[Hospitality|n'ennyaniriza]] mu 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.howwebiz.ug/Vinka/biography |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-24 |archive-date=2022-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924124615/https://www.howwebiz.ug/Vinka/biography |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.ugandaonline.net/news/view/17328/swangz_avenue_singer_vinka_graduates |access-date=2022-09-24 |archive-date=2022-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924110104/https://www.ugandaonline.net/news/view/17328/swangz_avenue_singer_vinka_graduates |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Emirimu == Vinka yatandika [[Dance|ng'omuzinyi]] nnakinku era n'akole ne [[Jackie Chandiru]], Sera, [[Maurice Kirya]], Cindy Sanyu n'abalala. Oluvannyuma yafuna omulimu gw'okutembeeta abayimbi ku [[Swangz Avenue]], gye yakolera nga maneja wa [[Irene Ntale]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.kampalasun.co.ug/vinka-renews-contract-with-swangz-avenue/ |access-date=2022-09-24 |archive-date=2022-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924110057/https://www.kampalasun.co.ug/vinka-renews-contract-with-swangz-avenue/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bwe yali ku Swangz Avenue, Vinka yayambangako abayimbi okulikoodinga amaloboozi kko n'okukola obulangu mu 2015, mukama we yamutuukirira n'amusaba oba asobola okugezaako okuyimba. Yakigezaako era n'atandika okuyimba. Mu 2016, yava ku bwa [[Artist management|maneja]] era essira n'alizza ku [[Music|kuyimba]].<ref name="observer.ug"/><ref name="swangzavenue.com"/> Oluyimba lwe olwasooka ng'ali yekka lwali "level" n'azzaazo "stylo" ne Irene Ntale, Ng'omwaka gwa 2017 guggwako, Vinka yafulumya oluyimba lwe "Malaika" olwamwoleka eri abantu ng'omuyimbi nnakinku.<ref name="galaxyfm.co.ug">https://www.galaxyfm.co.ug/2021/09/10/thank-god-vinka-drops-first-single-after-one-year-of-maternity-leave/</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/full-woman/i-smile-more-than-i-should-vinka-1767842</ref> Okuva kw'olwo, agenze mu maaso n'okufulumya ennyimba endala nga "chips na Ketchup", overdose ng'ali ne Voltage music, love panic, by the way, omukwano guno, sure, Oluyimba Lwomwaka, bebe ng'ali Inna n'abalala. Mu 2019, Vinka yateeka omukone ku ndagaano ne Sony Music entertainment okutambuza ennyimba ze.<ref name="swangzavenue.com"/><ref name="galaxyfm.co.ug"/> Era mu 2019, yakola oluyimba ne "[[Bebe (Inna and Vinka song)|Bebe]]" ng'ali n'omuyimbi Omulomaaniya Inna nga lwafulumizibwa ku mutimbagano ne [[Global Records|Global records]].[https://celebmix.com/inna-vinka-single-music-video-bebe/] == Obuvuyo == Vinka yasamba omuwagizi eyali agezaako okumukwata ku bitundu bye ebyekyama bwe yali ayimba e South Sudan.<ref>https://mbu.ug/2021/05/15/vinka-kicks-fan-who-tried-to-touch-her-genitalia-while-performing-in-south-sudan-video/</ref><ref>https://mbu.ug/2021/05/19/molestation-just-doesnt-work-with-me-vinka-speaks-out-on-juba-incident/</ref> == Amaka == Vinka yazaala omwana omuwala nga 10 Gatonnya 2021 mu mwagalwa we Witta Nelson, munnabyanfuna era munnabyabufuzi okuva mu disitulikiti y'e Isingiro.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.ugandaonline.net/210120210020_it_s_a_baby_girl_for_swangz_avenue_s_vinka |access-date=2022-09-24 |archive-date=2022-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924110102/https://www.ugandaonline.net/210120210020_it_s_a_baby_girl_for_swangz_avenue_s_vinka |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pearltimes.co.ug/i-shed-tears-vinka-opens-up-on-the-pain-and-joy-of-giving-birth-shares-babys-photo/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-24 |archive-date=2022-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924110057/https://pearltimes.co.ug/i-shed-tears-vinka-opens-up-on-the-pain-and-joy-of-giving-birth-shares-babys-photo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pearltimes.co.ug/revealed-vinka-officially-unveils-lover/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-24 |archive-date=2022-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924110057/https://pearltimes.co.ug/revealed-vinka-officially-unveils-lover/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://bigeye.ug/vinka-shows-off-her-fiancee-and-baby-for-the-first-time/</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Abayimbi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] qppmjknvuzf9tp2vwx12w5mnhvobqft Rachael Kungu 0 8274 74393 74103 2026-09-10T06:25:30Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 74393 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Rachael Ray Kungu''', akozesa erinya lya '''DJ Rachael''' ku siteegi (yazaalibwa 1978) Munnayuganda [[Disc jockey|muyimbi]], [[Businesswoman|omusuubuzi]] ate akwata n<nowiki>'ennyimba, ng'emirimu gye gimazze emyaka 25. Yeeyatandikawo situdiyo y'obwa nannyini ekwata ennyimba gyebayita ''</nowiki>''Femme Electronic'' and proprietor of ''Scraych Rekords<nowiki>''</nowiki>''.<ref name="1R"/> Mu Gwomukaaga mu 2017, Akatabo ka [[Vice (magazine)|Vice Magazine]] kayita Rachael Kungu, okubeera omukazi akyasinze okukuba muziki mu bifo ebisanyukirwa mu buvanjuba bwa Afrika ".<ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=McCool |first=Alice |date=2017-06-02 |title=DJ Rachael Wants to See More Women in Ugandan Dance Music |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/dj-rachael-uganda-dance-music-women/ |access-date=2026-09-08 |website=VICE |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebumukwatako n'obulamu bwe == Rachael Kungu yazaalibwa mu Uganda mu 1978, n'akulira mu mulirwano lwa [[Muyenga]], iensagi zino gyebayita munisipaali y'e [[Makindye Division|Makindye]], wakati mu kibuga kya Uganda ekya [[Kampala]].<ref name="1R"/> u myaka gya 1990, Hotel International Muyenga yali emannyikiddwa ku ku bubaga bwayo obwali ng'obwemisana nga bwali businga kuberamu bavubuka. Rachael yali omu kubavubuka abaali basinga okubeera mu kungaana zino ez'agata ng'abavubuka abadigize. Yafuuka omu ku kibiina kya Muyenga Youth Club. Rachael bweyalina emyaka 13 egy'obukulu, yalaba vidiyo eyitibwa [[Deidra Muriel Roper]] ([[DJ Spinderella]]), eyali okusunsunzi w'emiziki omumerika n'eyakuba ng'ennyimba z'okufubutuka ebigambo (rapper) ekyamukwata omubairo. Omuyimbi ono omumerika yalika kyeyakyusa ku bavubuka bano abato. Mu kifo ekisanyukirwamu, Rachael yayajulwa mu bantu abamannya okwetoloola ensi yonna okwali [[Salt-N-Pepa|Salt-n-Pepa]], [[Roxanne Shante]], [[MC Lyte]], [[Run-DMC]] wamu ne [[Kid 'n Play|Kid N Play.]] Yatandika okugeegeenya engeri abantu bano abamannyi okwetoloola ensi yonna gyebaali bakolamu ebintu byabwe wamu n'okuyimba, nga kuno kweyateeka n'okuteeka mu bwongo engeri gyebaali bafututuka ebigambo nga bayimba ekyamufunyisa ekifo ky'okubeera omusunsuzi wa muziki mu kabuga.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |date=2021-01-09 |title=DJ Rachael: Queen of the turntables |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/dj-rachael-queen-of-the-turntables-1639502 |access-date=2026-09-08 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Engeri gyeyali akyali omuvubuka omuto, kojja we yamuwerekera ngako okugenda mu kifo ekisanyukirwamu kyebaali bayita Club Pulsations, ng'eno eyali omusunsuzi wa muziki DJ Wasswa Junior yeeyamuyigiriza engeri y'okukyusaamu emiziki wamu n'okugitabula. Era anokolayo DJ Alex Ndawula olw'okumusomesa n'okumuyigiriza obukodyo obumu.Abaamuyigiriza abalala kuliko omugenze DJ Berry.<ref name="1R"/> == Emirimu gye == DJ Rachael yatandika emirimu gye ng'omusunsuzi w'emiziki mu 1995, nga bweyali asobola okuyimirira ku bigere bye yekka, bannyini bifo bisanyukirwamu baatandika okwagala okumuwa emirimu okukolera mu bifo byabwe nga amabaala. Yalekulira Club Pulsations n'agenda okwegata ku Club Silk, ng'eno yakolerayo okumala emyaka munaana ng'omusunsuzi w'emiziki omutonge era omukugu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Miya |first=Astone |date=2015-05-25 |title=Meet DJ Rachael East Africa’s first female DJ - This is Uganda |url=https://www.thisisuganda.org/meet-dj-rachael-east-africas-first-female-dj/ |access-date=2026-09-08 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ng'ali eyo, yalina akaseera k'okukwasaganya endagaano ku bubaga obwaliko ngako abantu abangi, wamu n'obwa nnanyini.<ref name="1R"/> Yayongera okumannyikwa ekyamuvirako okufuna endagaano y'okukolera ku Club Sombreros mu [[Jinja, Uganda|Jinja]] ekyauleetera okuyitibwa aba Club Florida mu 2000 ne Club Carnival, nga zombi zisinganibwa mu [[Nairobi]] ne Stone Club mu [[Mwanza]].<ref name="1R"/> Pulogulaamu ya <nowiki>''Saturday Night Mix'' ey'okumukutu gwa leediyo ya Ugandan radio yalaga obulungi bwa DJ Rachael mu muziki wa Uganda ow'</nowiki>okumikutu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://snmslive.com/electronic-music-kampalas-best-kept-secret/ |access-date=2022-11-18 |archive-date=2019-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601060347/http://snmslive.com/electronic-music-kampalas-best-kept-secret/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yasanyusa abadigize abaali u bikujuko bya Nyege Nyege Festival mu 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-18 |title=Nyege Nyege Festival review: The irresistible urge to dance |url=https://www.the-independent.com/arts-entertainment/music/reviews/nyege-nyege-festival-review-moxie-ea-wave-irresistible-urge-to-dance-a7967086.html |access-date=2026-09-08 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2015, omukutu gwa leediyo ya [[BBC Radio 1Xtra]] gwalonda DJ Rachael ng'omu kubasinga okusunsula muziki ku semazinga wa Afrika era omuyimbi, nebamuyita okuwayaamu ku bikwatagana ne muziki wa Uganda.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Global Beats - DJ Rachael, Uganda |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-africa-30832361 |access-date=2026-09-08 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Nga yeeyongedde okumannyikwa, DJ Rachael ayitiddwa okwetaba mu mirimu egy'enjawulo mu mawanga g'ebweru okwali n'emu bikujuko bya [[WOMEX|2016 ebya WOMEX World Music Expo]] mu Spain, mu kugulawo ekifo kya Impact Hub, eky'abayimbi mu [[Florence, Italy|Florence]], Yitale mu 2017 ne mu bukujuko bya DAPHNE series ebya [[The Black Madonna|Marea Stamper,]] mu [[Chicago]], Illinois, Amerika mu Gwolubereberye mu 2017.<ref name="2R"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=DJ Rachael - WOMEX |url=https://www.womex.com/virtual/santuri_east_africa/dj_rachael |access-date=2026-09-08 |website=www.womex.com}}</ref> Kungu yavaayo n'atandika okwenyigira mu kukola n'okufulumya ennyimba, ng'atendeka wamu n'okuyigiriza abalala okwongera ku bukugu bwabwe. Okuva mu 2016, abadde ategeka emisomo egya buli mwezi omubadde mwetabibwamu abakazi 25. Ekibiina kye, Femme Electronic, kyatongoza mubutongole mu 2016 okuyambako abakazi abasunsuzi ba muziki n'abafulumya miziki nga [[Electronic dance music|bakozesa ebyuma bukali magezi]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-06-09 |title=Goethe-Institut Nairobi to host female DJ workshop |url=https://musicinafrica.net/magazine/goethe-institut-nairobi-host-female-dj-workshop/ |access-date=2026-09-08 |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu mwaka ogwo, yategeka omusomo n'aba [[Goethe-Institut]] ne Santuri East Africa. Mu 2017, [[Dazed]] yakiriza DJ Rachael bweyagamba nti y'omu ku bayimbi abataano abasinga mu buvanjuba bwa Afrika beweetaaga okumannya nga [[DJ Mag]] yawandiika ku mirimu gye okukyusa ekifaananyi kya muziki w'ebyuma bikali magezi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dazed |date=2017-09-11 |title=5 East African musicians you need to know |url=https://www.dazeddigital.com/music/article/37325/1/5-east-african-musicians-you-need-to-know |access-date=2026-09-08 |website=Dazed |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-03-08 |title=THE BLACK MADONNA AND UGANDA'S DJ RACHAEL ARE EQUALIZING MUSIC |url=https://djmag.com/news/black-madonna-and-ugandas-dj-rachael-are-equalizing-dance-music |access-date=2026-09-08 |website=DJ Mag |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2018, [[OkayAfrica]] yamuteeka kulukalala ng'omu kubayimbi abasinga 10 mu Kenya ne Uganda, ng'aba [[Electronic Beats]] bakyasanguza kungeri DJ Rachael gyeyali akyusa abantu n'ebitundu gyebabeera ng'ayita mu muziki.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Farida |first=Lizzie |date=2018-05-10 |title=10 Kenyan & Ugandan House Musicians You Should Check Out |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/10-kenyan-ugandan-house-musicians-you-should-check-out/131962 |access-date=2026-09-08 |website=okayafrica |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.electronicbeats.net/the-feed/these-female-djs-changing-ugandan-society-through-music-heres-how/ |access-date=2022-11-18 |archive-date=2022-11-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221118125908/https://www.electronicbeats.net/the-feed/these-female-djs-changing-ugandan-society-through-music-heres-how/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ebirala by'atekako essira == Rachael Kungu mulwanirizi wa ddembe lw'abakazi, n'eddembe ly'abali [[LGBT+|b'ebisiyaga]].<ref name="3R">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://aliciapatterson.org/stories/gay-ugandans-take-law-their-hands |access-date=2022-11-18 |archive-date=2022-11-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221118125912/https://aliciapatterson.org/stories/gay-ugandans-take-law-their-hands |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="4R">{{Cite news |title=The feminist DJs in Uganda taking back the night |url=https://www.kimt.com/content/national/488968561.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020055839/https://www.kimt.com/content/national/488968561.html |archive-date=2019-10-20 |access-date=2026-09-08 |work=KIMT News |language=en |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references responsive="1"></references> == Ewalala w'oyinza okubigya == * Omukutu omutongole * [https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1316514/jinja-night-girls-venomous-lethal Jinja Night Girls, Venomous, Lethal] Nga 1 Ogwokuna mu 2013. * [https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/dj-rachael-queen-turntables DJ Rachael: Queen of the turntables] Nga 8 Ogwokubiri mu 2016. [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Abayimbi]] 5rv455dwl3z24wlw9ajxio819c9hqgy Farouk Miya 0 8448 74368 74008 2026-09-10T01:43:53Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 74368 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Farouk Miya''' yazaalibwa nga 26, mu Gwekuminoogumu mu 1997, nga munayuganda azannya omupiira gw'ensiimbi ng'omuwuwuttanyi alumba mu kiraabu ya [[Kiraabu ya Vipers SC|Vipers]] ey'e kibinja kya Uganda ekyababinywera, ne [[Uganda Cranes|ttiimu y'eggwanga lya Uganda]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-09 |title=Uganda Cranes’ man-of-the-moment Miya deserves plaudits, but protection more |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/uganda-cranes-man-of-the-moment-miya-deserves-plaudits-but-protection-more-1631146 |access-date=2026-09-08 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Kiraabu z'azannyidde == Mu 2016 Ogwolubereberye, kyalangirirwa nga Miya bweyali agenda okwegata ku kiraabu y'e Bubirigi emannyukiddwa nga Standard Liege<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.standard.be/toutes-les-news/lire/~faruku-miya-rejoint-les-rouches.htm?lng=fr#.VqFU3VN96Ru |access-date=2022-12-09 |archive-date=2016-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122211427/http://www.standard.be/toutes-les-news/lire/~faruku-miya-rejoint-les-rouches.htm?lng=fr#.VqFU3VN96Ru |url-status=dead }}</ref> ekyawandikibwa okubeera diiru y'obwazike okuva mu kiraabu ya Uganda eya [[Kiraabu ya Vipers SC|Vipers]].Standard Liège yafuna obuwereza bwe ku muwendo gwa doola 400,000 eza ssente za Amerika.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-01-21 |title=Ugandan Miya to join Standard Liege |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/35374571 |access-date=2026-09-08 |work=BBC Sport |language=en-GB}}</ref> Nga 31 Ogwolubereberye mu 2017, Miya yasindikibwa ku banja mu Royal Excel Mouscron paka sizoni ng'ewedde.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.standard.be/nouvelles-2/lire/~farouk-miya-on-loan-to-royal-excel-mouscron.htm?lng=en |access-date=2022-12-09 |archive-date=2017-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512161129/http://www.standard.be/nouvelles-2/lire/~farouk-miya-on-loan-to-royal-excel-mouscron.htm?lng=en |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu Gwokubiri mu 2018, Miya baamwazika Səbail FK, gyeyalina okuva kunkomerero ya sizoni ya 2017–18.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Листопад в Сабаиле: Афтандил Гаджиев отказался от 12 игроков |url=http://www.azerifootball.com/ru/13/news/39608.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010111432/http://www.azerifootball.com/ru/13/news/39608.html |archive-date=2023-10-10 |access-date=2026-09-08 |website=www.azerifootball.com |url-status=live }}</ref> Nga 20 Ogwomunaana mu 2019, Miya yateeka omukono kundagaano ya myaka esatu ne ttiimu ya Konyaspor eya liigi ya Butuluuki eyawagulu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.konyaspor.org.tr/Haber/farouk-miya-konyasporumuzda/4494 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-12-09 |archive-date=2021-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424143240/https://www.konyaspor.org.tr/Haber/farouk-miya-konyasporumuzda/4494 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yabasambira omupiira ogusooka oluvannyuma lw'enaku taano nga battunka ne Galatasaray ku kisaawe kya Türk Telekom Stadium.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mobile livescore - Flashscore.mobi football scores |url=https://www.flashscore.mobi/ |access-date=2026-09-08 |website=www.flashscore.mobi |language=en}}</ref> Yeegata ku kiraabu y'ekibinja kya TFF ekisooka emannyikiddwa nga Çaykur Rizespor kundagaano ya myaka ebbiri mu Gwomusanvu mu 2022.<ref>Belören, Mehmet Can (13 July 2022).</ref> == Ku ttiimu y'eggwanga == Miya yasambira [[:en:Uganda_national_football_team|ttiimu y'eggwanga lya Uganda]] omupiira gwe ogwali gusooka nga 11 mu Gwomusanvu mu 2014 nga battunka ne Seychelles<ref>{{Cite web |last=Strack-Zimmermann |first=Benjamin |title=Faruku Miya (Player) |url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/56306/Faruku_Miya.html |access-date=2026-09-08 |website=www.national-football-teams.com |language=en}}</ref> == Bwazze akola mu gy'abadde azannyira == === Ku mutendera gw'ensi === {{Updated|matches played on 16 July 2019}}<ref name="NFT">{{NFT|56306|accessdate=16 February 2017}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Emirundi gy'azannye ne ggoolo z'ateebye ku ttiimu y'eggwanga wamu n'omwaka !Ttiimu y'eggwanga !Omwaka !Emirundi gy'azannye !Ggoolo z'ateebye |- | rowspan="6" |Uganda |2014 |9 |2 |- |2015 |15 |8 |- |2016 |11 |3 |- |2017 |9 |1 |- |2018 |5 |4 |- |2019 |7 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Omugate !56 !19 |} : ''Olukalala lulaga ggoolo n'ebivudde mu mipiira gya Uganda nga zigatiddwa okusooka , olunyiriri lulaga buli ggoolo Miya gy'ateebye. Olukalala''<ref name="NFT"></ref> ''lulimu ggoolo ezitali ntongoze.''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Club Brugge v Standard Liège Starting XIs, 20/03/16, Cup {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/club-brugge-v-standard-li%C3%A8ge/lineups/8axirl7v3dct9ouv4f122k549 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415160523/https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/club-brugge-v-standard-li%C3%A8ge/lineups/8axirl7v3dct9ouv4f122k549 |archive-date=2023-04-15 |access-date=2026-09-08 |website=www.goal.com |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Olukalala lwa ggoolo z'ensi eziteebeddwa Farouk Miya ! scope="col" |No. ! scope="col" |Enaku z'omwezi ! scope="col" |Ekifo oba ekisaawe gybaali ! scope="col" |Gwebaali bazannya ! scope="col" |Omuwendo ! scope="col" |Ebyavaamu ! scope="col" |Empaka |- | align="center" |1 |11 July 2014 |[[Ekisaawe kya Lugogo Stadium|Lugogo Stadium]], [[Kampala]], Uganda | Seychelles | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–0 |Gwali gwa mukwano |- | align="center" |2 |9 November 2014 |[[Ekisaawe ky'eggwanga ekya Mandela|Mandela National Stadium]], Kampala, Uganda | Ethiopia | align="center" |3–0 | align="center" |3–0 |Gwali gwa mukwano |- | align="center" |3 |25 March 2015 |Godswill Akpabio International Stadium, Uyo, Nigeria | Nigeria | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–0 |Gwali gwa mukwano |- | align="center" |4 |20 June 2015 |Amaan Stadium, Zanzibar City, Tanzania | Tanzania | align="center" |3–0 | align="center" |3–0 |Ez'okusunsula abaali bagenda okwetaba mu kikopo ky'amawanga ga Afrika eza 2016 |- | align="center" |5 |17 October 2015 |[[Ekisaawe kya Nakivubo|Nakivubo Stadium]], Kampala, Uganda | Sudan | align="center" |2–0 | align="center" |2–0 |Ez'okusunsula abaali bagenda okwetaba mu kikopo ky'amawanga ga Afrika eza 2016 |- | align="center" |6 |25 October 2015 |Khartoum Stadium, Khartoum, Sudan | Sudan | align="center" |2–0 | align="center" |2–0 |Ez'okusunsula abaali bagenda okwetaba mu kikopo ky'amawanga ga Afrika eza 2016 |- | align="center" |7 |12 November 2015 |Stade de Kégué, Lomé, Togo | Togo | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–0 |Ez'okusunsula abaali bagenda okwetaba mu kikopo ky'ensi yonna (World Cup) eya 2018 |- | align="center" |8 | rowspan="2" |15 November 2015 | rowspan="2" |Mandela National Stadium, Kampala, Uganda | rowspan="2" | Togo | align="center" |2–0 | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |3–0 | rowspan="2" |Ez'okusunsula abaali bagenda okwetaba mu kikopo ky'ensi yonna (World Cup) eya 2018 |- | align="center" |9 | align="center" |3–0 |- | align="center" |10 | rowspan="2" |24 November 2015 | rowspan="2" |Awassa Kenema Stadium, Awassa, Ethiopia | rowspan="2" | Zanzibar | align="center" |1–0 | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |4–0 | rowspan="2" |Empaka z'omwaka gwa 2015 ezetabwaamu amawanga g'omubuvanjuba ne masekati ga Afrika oba ziyite CECAFA |- | align="center" |11 | align="center" |2–0 |- | align="center" |12 |30 November 2015 |Addis Ababa Stadium, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia | Malawi | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |2–0 |Empaka z'omwaka gwa 2015 ezetabwaamu amawanga g'omubuvanjuba ne masekati ga Afrika oba ziyite CECAFA |- | align="center" |13 |19 January 2016 |Umuganda Stadium, Gisenyi, Rwanda | Mali | align="center" |2–1 | align="center" |2–2 |Mpaka ezizannyibwa abazannyi abagucangira mu liigi z'ewaka mu mwaka gwa 2016. |- | align="center" |14 |4 September 2016 | rowspan="2" |Mandela National Stadium, Kampala, Uganda | Comoros | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–0 |Kunsusula abaali bagenda okwetaba mu kikopo ekyetabwamu amawanga ga Afrika (AFCON) mu mwaka gwa 2017 |- | align="center" |15 |12 November 2016 | Congo | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–0 |Okusunsula abaali bagenda okwetaba mu kikopo ky'ensi yonna oba giyite World Cup ya 2018 |- | align="center" |16 |8 January 2017 |Armed Forces Stadium, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates | Slovakia | align="center" |2–0 | align="center" |3–1 |Gwali gwa mukwano |- | align="center" |17 |25 January 2017 |Stade d'Oyem, Oyem, Gabon | Mali | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–1 |Empaka ezeetabwamu amawanga ga Afrika (AFCON) eza 2017 |- | align="center" |18 |2 June 2018 |Stade Général Seyni Kountché, Niamey, Niger | Niger | align="center" |1–2 | align="center" |1–2 |Gwali gwa mukwano |- | align="center" |19 |13 October 2018 |Mandela National Stadium, Kampala, Uganda | rowspan="3" | Lesotho | align="center" |2–0 | align="center" |3–0 |Ez'okusunsula abaali bagenda okwetaba mu mpaka ezezaanyibwa amawanga ga Afrika oba AFCON wa 2019 |- | align="center" |20 | rowspan="2" |16 October 2018 | rowspan="2" |Setsoto Stadium, Awassa, Lesotho | align="center" |1–0 | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |2–0 | rowspan="2" |Ez'okusunsula abaali bagenda okwetaba mu mpaka ezeetabwamu amawanga g'okulukalo lwa Afrika (AFCON) eza 2019 |- | align="center" |21 | align="center" |2–0 |- | align="center" |22 |15 June 2019 |Zayed Sports City Stadium, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates | Ivory Coast | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–0 |Gwali gwa mukwano |} == Laba ne == * [[Kiraabu ya Vipers SC|Vipers SC]] * [[Lawrence Mulindwa|Dr. Lawrence Mulindwa]] * [[Allan Okello]] * [[Uganda Cranes]] == By'awangudde == '''Standard Liège''' * [[:en:Belgian_Cup|Belgian Cup]]: [[:en:2016_Belgian_Cup_Final|2015–16]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Club Brugge v Standard Liège Starting XIs, 20/03/16, Cup {{!}} Goal.com |url=https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/club-brugge-v-standard-li%C3%A8ge/lineups/8axirl7v3dct9ouv4f122k549 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415160523/https://www.goal.com/en-in/match/club-brugge-v-standard-li%C3%A8ge/lineups/8axirl7v3dct9ouv4f122k549 |archive-date=2023-04-15 |access-date=2026-09-08 |website=www.goal.com |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ewalala w'oyinza okubigya == {{Soccerway|farouq-miya/341661}} 7rafmu7yjfwd6t4ir5453e60hpkkqh5 Hellen Lukoma 0 8461 74370 56917 2026-09-10T02:14:18Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 74370 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Hellen Lukoma''' munnaUgandan, muzannyi wa firimu, mwolesi waamisono, w'abyamisono era muyimbi. Amanyiddwa nnyo olwerinnya lya lyeyazannyiramu mu firimu ya [[:en:The_Hostel|The Hostel]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.sqoop.co.ug/features-profiles/date-with-a-celeb-hellen-lukoma-meets-fan-robert-kiiza-omuganda.html |access-date=2022-12-10 |archive-date=2016-11-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104014246/http://www.sqoop.co.ug/features-profiles/date-with-a-celeb-hellen-lukoma-meets-fan-robert-kiiza-omuganda.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hellen Mutungi mu [[:en:Beneath_The_Lies|Beneath The Lies]],<ref>https://lockerdome.com/7137799338080833/7137798029457940</ref> ne kyaddala. Yamanyikira mu kibinja ky'abayimbi abawala ekya The Obsessions nga tannayingira bya kwolesa misono, okukola mu by'emisono nookuzannya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://loudestgist.com/wiki/2016/05/hellen-lukoma-biography/ |access-date=2022-12-10 |archive-date=2019-03-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317071127/http://loudestgist.com/wiki/2016/05/hellen-lukoma-biography/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>http://www.howwe.biz/news/business/454/dancer-and-singer-in-the-former-obsessions-hellen-lukoma-launches-clothing-line-at-silk-lounges-genesis-nite</ref> == Eby'afaayo bye == Hellen yazaalibwa era naakulira mu [[Kampala]]. Yakulira mu maka omwali [[:en:Sibling|abaana]] mukaaga nga yeeyali omuggalanda.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.howwebiz.ug/HellenLukoma/biography |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-12-10 |archive-date=2022-10-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221002185648/https://howwebiz.ug/HellenLukoma/biography |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Okusoma kwe == Hellen yasomera ku Shimon Primary School ne ku Lubiri Senior Secondary School. Oluvannyuma yayingira ettendekero lya [[:en:Makerere_University_Business_School|Makerere University Business School]] gyeyafunira Diguli ya [[:en:Bachelor's_degree|Bachelor's degree]] in Internal business.<ref>https://mybiohub.com/2016/04/hellen-lukoma-biography-age.html/</ref> == Okuzannya firimu == === Firimu zaazannye === {| class="wikitable" !Omwaka !Firimu !Ekifo !Omulungamya oba abalungamya !No |- |2020 |Prickly Roses |Nankya |Mathew Nabwiso | |- |2015 |''Situka'' |Amanio |Kwezi Kaganda Ruhinda | |- |2011 |''Yogera'' | |Donald Mugisha <br /><br />James Tayler | |- |} {| class="wikitable" !Omwaka !Firimu !Ekifo !Abalungamya !Note |- | | | | | |- |2019 - |''Kyaddala'' | |Emmanuel Ikubese | |- |2016 |''The Honourables'' |Felicia |John Ssegawa |NTV Uganda |- |2014–2016 |''Beneath The Lies'' |Hellen Mutungi |Joseph Kitsha Kyasi <br /><br /> Tosh Gitonga |Yakolebwa Nana Kagga |- |2011 |''The Hostel'' |Patra | |Student |- |} == Obulamu bwe == Mufumbo eri Anwar Kaka era balina abaana babiri<ref>http://mbu.ug/2022/02/21/it-wont-end-in-tears-hellen-lukoma-confident-her-husband-will-remian-faithful/</ref>.<ref>https://www.sqoop.co.ug/201905/news/hellen-lukomas-hubby-surprises-her-with-a-gender-reveal-party.html</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Emikutu emirala == * Hellen Lukoma at IMDb je107vcucu1qck8uin2enzymvgtu9rs Module:Message box/ombox.css 828 9059 74305 28346 2025-08-29T06:07:09Z en>Izno 0 english 74305 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp|small=y}} */ .ombox { margin: 4px 0; 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padding: 0; width: 1px; } /* keep synced with each other type of message box as this isn't qualified */ .mbox-invalid-type { text-align: center; } @media (min-width: 720px) { .ombox { margin: 4px 10%; } .ombox.mbox-small { /* @noflip */ clear: right; /* @noflip */ float: right; /* @noflip */ margin: 4px 0 4px 1em; width: 238px; } } /** T367463 */ body.skin--responsive table.ombox img { max-width: none !important; } @media screen { html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .ombox-speedy { background-color: #310402; /* Dark red, same hue/saturation as light */ } } @media screen and (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .ombox-speedy { background-color: #310402; /* Dark red, same hue/saturation as light */ } } s3kd4o8l90hza7k55c82cm0ltkd3xp2 74306 74305 2026-09-09T16:22:18Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Module:Message_box/ombox.css]]: Importing Orphan Template 74305 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp|small=y}} */ .ombox { margin: 4px 0; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; /* Default "notice" gray */ background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--color-base, #202122); } /* For the "small=yes" option. */ .ombox.mbox-small { font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.25em; } .ombox-speedy { border: 2px solid #b32424; /* Red */ background-color: #fee7e6; /* Pink */ } .ombox-delete { border: 2px solid #b32424; /* Red */ } .ombox-content { border: 1px solid #f28500; /* Orange */ } .ombox-style { border: 1px solid #fc3; /* Yellow */ } .ombox-move { border: 1px solid #9932cc; /* Purple */ } .ombox-protection { border: 2px solid #a2a9b1; /* Gray-gold */ } .ombox .mbox-text { border: none; /* @noflip */ padding: 0.25em 0.9em; width: 100%; } .ombox .mbox-image { border: none; /* @noflip */ padding: 2px 0 2px 0.9em; text-align: center; } .ombox .mbox-imageright { border: none; /* @noflip */ padding: 2px 0.9em 2px 0; text-align: center; } /* An empty narrow cell */ .ombox .mbox-empty-cell { border: none; padding: 0; width: 1px; } /* keep synced with each other type of message box as this isn't qualified */ .mbox-invalid-type { text-align: center; } @media (min-width: 720px) { .ombox { margin: 4px 10%; } .ombox.mbox-small { /* @noflip */ clear: right; /* @noflip */ float: right; /* @noflip */ margin: 4px 0 4px 1em; width: 238px; } } /** T367463 */ body.skin--responsive table.ombox img { max-width: none !important; } @media screen { html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .ombox-speedy { background-color: #310402; /* Dark red, same hue/saturation as light */ } } @media screen and (prefers-color-scheme: dark) { html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .ombox-speedy { background-color: #310402; /* Dark red, same hue/saturation as light */ } } s3kd4o8l90hza7k55c82cm0ltkd3xp2 Module:Message box 828 9060 74219 35617 2025-10-19T18:19:52Z en>Izno 0 below in div mbox 74219 Scribunto text/plain require('strict') local getArgs local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local lang = mw.language.getContentLanguage() local CONFIG_MODULE = 'Module:Message box/configuration' local DEMOSPACES = {talk = 'tmbox', image = 'imbox', file = 'imbox', category = 'cmbox', article = 'ambox', main = 'ambox'} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Helper functions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function getTitleObject(...) -- Get the title object, passing the function through pcall -- in case we are over the expensive function count limit. local success, title = pcall(mw.title.new, ...) if success then return title end end local function union(t1, t2) -- Returns the union of two arrays. local vals = {} for i, v in ipairs(t1) do vals[v] = true end for i, v in ipairs(t2) do vals[v] = true end local ret = {} for k in pairs(vals) do table.insert(ret, k) end table.sort(ret) return ret end local function getArgNums(args, prefix) local nums = {} for k, v in pairs(args) do local num = mw.ustring.match(tostring(k), '^' .. prefix .. '([1-9]%d*)$') if num then table.insert(nums, tonumber(num)) end end table.sort(nums) return nums end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Box class definition -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local MessageBox = {} MessageBox.__index = MessageBox function MessageBox.new(boxType, args, cfg) args = args or {} local obj = {} -- Set the title object and the namespace. obj.title = getTitleObject(args.page) or mw.title.getCurrentTitle() -- Set the config for our box type. obj.cfg = cfg[boxType] if not obj.cfg then local ns = obj.title.namespace -- boxType is "mbox" or invalid input if args.demospace and args.demospace ~= '' then -- implement demospace parameter of mbox local demospace = string.lower(args.demospace) if DEMOSPACES[demospace] then -- use template from DEMOSPACES obj.cfg = cfg[DEMOSPACES[demospace]] elseif string.find( demospace, 'talk' ) then -- demo as a talk page obj.cfg = cfg.tmbox else -- default to ombox obj.cfg = cfg.ombox end elseif ns == 0 then obj.cfg = cfg.ambox -- main namespace elseif ns == 6 then obj.cfg = cfg.imbox -- file namespace elseif ns == 14 then obj.cfg = cfg.cmbox -- category namespace else local nsTable = mw.site.namespaces[ns] if nsTable and nsTable.isTalk then obj.cfg = cfg.tmbox -- any talk namespace else obj.cfg = cfg.ombox -- other namespaces or invalid input end end end -- Set the arguments, and remove all blank arguments except for the ones -- listed in cfg.allowBlankParams. do local newArgs = {} for k, v in pairs(args) do if v ~= '' then newArgs[k] = v end end for i, param in ipairs(obj.cfg.allowBlankParams or {}) do newArgs[param] = args[param] end obj.args = newArgs end -- Define internal data structure. obj.categories = {} obj.classes = {} -- For lazy loading of [[Module:Category handler]]. obj.hasCategories = false return setmetatable(obj, MessageBox) end function MessageBox:addCat(ns, cat, sort) if not cat then return nil end if sort then cat = string.format('[[Category:%s|%s]]', cat, sort) else cat = string.format('[[Category:%s]]', cat) end self.hasCategories = true self.categories[ns] = self.categories[ns] or {} table.insert(self.categories[ns], cat) end function MessageBox:addClass(class) if not class then return nil end table.insert(self.classes, class) end function MessageBox:setParameters() local args = self.args local cfg = self.cfg -- Get type data. self.type = args.type local typeData = cfg.types[self.type] self.invalidTypeError = cfg.showInvalidTypeError and self.type and not typeData typeData = typeData or cfg.types[cfg.default] self.typeClass = typeData.class self.typeImage = typeData.image self.typeImageNeedsLink = typeData.imageNeedsLink -- Find if the box has been wrongly substituted. self.isSubstituted = cfg.substCheck and args.subst == 'SUBST' -- Find whether we are using a small message box. self.isSmall = cfg.allowSmall and ( cfg.smallParam and args.small == cfg.smallParam or not cfg.smallParam and yesno(args.small) ) -- Set the below row. self.below = cfg.below and args.below -- Add attributes, classes and styles. self.id = args.id self.name = args.name if self.name then self:addClass('box-' .. string.gsub(self.name,' ','_')) end if yesno(args.plainlinks) ~= false then self:addClass('plainlinks') end if self.below then self:addClass('mbox-with-below') end for _, class in ipairs(cfg.classes or {}) do self:addClass(class) end if self.isSmall then self:addClass(cfg.smallClass or 'mbox-small') end self:addClass(self.typeClass) self:addClass(args.class) self.style = args.style self.attrs = args.attrs -- Set text style. self.textstyle = args.textstyle -- Set image classes. self.imageRightClass = args.imagerightclass or args.imageclass self.imageLeftClass = args.imageleftclass or args.imageclass -- Find if we are on the template page or not. This functionality is only -- used if useCollapsibleTextFields is set, or if both cfg.templateCategory -- and cfg.templateCategoryRequireName are set. self.useCollapsibleTextFields = cfg.useCollapsibleTextFields if self.useCollapsibleTextFields or cfg.templateCategory and cfg.templateCategoryRequireName then if self.name then local templateName = mw.ustring.match( self.name, '^[tT][eE][mM][pP][lL][aA][tT][eE][%s_]*:[%s_]*(.*)$' ) or self.name templateName = 'Template:' .. templateName self.templateTitle = getTitleObject(templateName) end self.isTemplatePage = self.templateTitle and mw.title.equals(self.title, self.templateTitle) end -- Process data for collapsible text fields. At the moment these are only -- used in {{ambox}}. if self.useCollapsibleTextFields then -- Get the self.issue value. if self.isSmall and args.smalltext then self.issue = args.smalltext else local sect if args.sect == '' then sect = 'This ' .. (cfg.sectionDefault or 'page') elseif type(args.sect) == 'string' then sect = 'This ' .. args.sect end local issue = args.issue issue = type(issue) == 'string' and issue ~= '' and issue or nil local text = args.text text = type(text) == 'string' and text or nil local issues = {} table.insert(issues, sect) table.insert(issues, issue) table.insert(issues, text) self.issue = table.concat(issues, ' ') end -- Get the self.talk value. local talk = args.talk -- Show talk links on the template page or template subpages if the talk -- parameter is blank. if talk == '' and self.templateTitle and ( mw.title.equals(self.templateTitle, self.title) or self.title:isSubpageOf(self.templateTitle) ) then talk = '#' elseif talk == '' then talk = nil end if talk then -- If the talk value is a talk page, make a link to that page. Else -- assume that it's a section heading, and make a link to the talk -- page of the current page with that section heading. local talkTitle = getTitleObject(talk) local talkArgIsTalkPage = true if not talkTitle or not talkTitle.isTalkPage then talkArgIsTalkPage = false talkTitle = getTitleObject( self.title.text, mw.site.namespaces[self.title.namespace].talk.id ) end if talkTitle and talkTitle.exists then local talkText if self.isSmall then local talkLink = talkArgIsTalkPage and talk or (talkTitle.prefixedText .. (talk == '#' and '' or '#') .. talk) talkText = string.format('([[%s|talk]])', talkLink) else talkText = 'Relevant discussion may be found on' if talkArgIsTalkPage then talkText = string.format( '%s [[%s|%s]].', talkText, talk, talkTitle.prefixedText ) else talkText = string.format( '%s the [[%s' .. (talk == '#' and '' or '#') .. '%s|talk page]].', talkText, talkTitle.prefixedText, talk ) end end self.talk = talkText end end -- Get other values. self.fix = args.fix ~= '' and args.fix or nil local date if args.date and args.date ~= '' then date = args.date elseif args.date == '' and self.isTemplatePage then date = lang:formatDate('F Y') end if date then self.date = string.format(" <span class='date-container'><i>(<span class='date'>%s</span>)</i></span>", date) end self.info = args.info if yesno(args.removalnotice) then self.removalNotice = cfg.removalNotice end end -- Set the non-collapsible text field. At the moment this is used by all box -- types other than ambox, and also by ambox when small=yes. if self.isSmall then self.text = args.smalltext or args.text else self.text = args.text end -- General image settings. self.imageCellDiv = not self.isSmall and cfg.imageCellDiv self.imageEmptyCell = cfg.imageEmptyCell -- Left image settings. local imageLeft = self.isSmall and args.smallimage or args.image if cfg.imageCheckBlank and imageLeft ~= 'blank' and imageLeft ~= 'none' or not cfg.imageCheckBlank and imageLeft ~= 'none' then self.imageLeft = imageLeft if not imageLeft then local imageSize = self.isSmall and (cfg.imageSmallSize or '30x30px') or '40x40px' self.imageLeft = string.format('[[File:%s|%s%s|alt=]]', self.typeImage or 'Information icon4.svg', imageSize, self.typeImageNeedsLink and "" or "|link=" ) end end -- Right image settings. local imageRight = self.isSmall and args.smallimageright or args.imageright if not (cfg.imageRightNone and imageRight == 'none') then self.imageRight = imageRight end -- set templatestyles self.base_templatestyles = cfg.templatestyles self.templatestyles = args.templatestyles end function MessageBox:setMainspaceCategories() local args = self.args local cfg = self.cfg if not cfg.allowMainspaceCategories then return nil end local nums = {} for _, prefix in ipairs{'cat', 'category', 'all'} do args[prefix .. '1'] = args[prefix] nums = union(nums, getArgNums(args, prefix)) end -- The following is roughly equivalent to the old {{Ambox/category}}. local date = args.date date = type(date) == 'string' and date local preposition = 'from' for _, num in ipairs(nums) do local mainCat = args['cat' .. tostring(num)] or args['category' .. tostring(num)] local allCat = args['all' .. tostring(num)] mainCat = type(mainCat) == 'string' and mainCat allCat = type(allCat) == 'string' and allCat if mainCat and date and date ~= '' then local catTitle = string.format('%s %s %s', mainCat, preposition, date) self:addCat(0, catTitle) catTitle = getTitleObject('Category:' .. catTitle) if not catTitle or not catTitle.exists then self:addCat(0, 'Articles with invalid date parameter in template') end elseif mainCat and (not date or date == '') then self:addCat(0, mainCat) end if allCat then self:addCat(0, allCat) end end end function MessageBox:setTemplateCategories() local args = self.args local cfg = self.cfg -- Add template categories. if cfg.templateCategory then if cfg.templateCategoryRequireName then if self.isTemplatePage then self:addCat(10, cfg.templateCategory) end elseif not self.title.isSubpage then self:addCat(10, cfg.templateCategory) end end -- Add template error categories. if cfg.templateErrorCategory then local templateErrorCategory = cfg.templateErrorCategory local templateCat, templateSort if not self.name and not self.title.isSubpage then templateCat = templateErrorCategory elseif self.isTemplatePage then local paramsToCheck = cfg.templateErrorParamsToCheck or {} local count = 0 for i, param in ipairs(paramsToCheck) do if not args[param] then count = count + 1 end end if count > 0 then templateCat = templateErrorCategory templateSort = tostring(count) end if self.categoryNums and #self.categoryNums > 0 then templateCat = templateErrorCategory templateSort = 'C' end end self:addCat(10, templateCat, templateSort) end end function MessageBox:setAllNamespaceCategories() -- Set categories for all namespaces. if self.invalidTypeError then local allSort = (self.title.namespace == 0 and 'Main:' or '') .. self.title.prefixedText self:addCat('all', 'Wikipedia message box parameter needs fixing', allSort) end if self.isSubstituted then self:addCat('all', 'Pages with incorrectly substituted templates') end end function MessageBox:setCategories() if self.title.namespace == 0 then self:setMainspaceCategories() elseif self.title.namespace == 10 then self:setTemplateCategories() end self:setAllNamespaceCategories() end function MessageBox:renderCategories() if not self.hasCategories then -- No categories added, no need to pass them to Category handler so, -- if it was invoked, it would return the empty string. -- So we shortcut and return the empty string. return "" end -- Convert category tables to strings and pass them through -- [[Module:Category handler]]. return require('Module:Category handler')._main{ main = table.concat(self.categories[0] or {}), template = table.concat(self.categories[10] or {}), all = table.concat(self.categories.all or {}), nocat = self.args.nocat, page = self.args.page } end function MessageBox:exportDiv() local root = mw.html.create() -- Add the subst check error. if self.isSubstituted and self.name then root:tag('b') :addClass('error') :wikitext(string.format( 'Template <code>%s[[Template:%s|%s]]%s</code> has been incorrectly substituted.', mw.text.nowiki('{{'), self.name, self.name, mw.text.nowiki('}}') )) end local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() root:wikitext(frame:extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = self.base_templatestyles }, }) -- Add support for a single custom templatestyles sheet. Undocumented as -- need should be limited and many templates using mbox are substed; we -- don't want to spread templatestyles sheets around to arbitrary places if self.templatestyles then root:wikitext(frame:extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = self.templatestyles }, }) end -- Create the box. local mbox = root:tag('div') mbox:attr('id', self.id or nil) for i, class in ipairs(self.classes or {}) do mbox:addClass(class or nil) end mbox :cssText(self.style or nil) if self.attrs then mbox:attr(self.attrs) end local flex_container if self.below then -- we need to wrap the flex components (`image(right)` and `text`) in their -- own container div to support the `below` parameter flex_container = mw.html.create('div') flex_container:addClass('mbox-flex') else -- the mbox itself is the parent, so we need no HTML flex_container flex_container = mw.html.create() end -- Add the left-hand image. if self.imageLeft then local imageLeftCell = flex_container:tag('div'):addClass('mbox-image') imageLeftCell :addClass(self.imageLeftClass) :wikitext(self.imageLeft or nil) end -- Add the text. local textCell = flex_container:tag('div'):addClass('mbox-text') if self.useCollapsibleTextFields then -- The message box uses advanced text parameters that allow things to be -- collapsible. At the moment, only ambox uses this. textCell:cssText(self.textstyle or nil) local textCellDiv = textCell:tag('div') textCellDiv :addClass('mbox-text-span') :wikitext(self.issue or nil) if (self.talk or self.fix) then textCellDiv:tag('span') :addClass('hide-when-compact') :wikitext(self.talk and (' ' .. self.talk) or nil) :wikitext(self.fix and (' ' .. self.fix) or nil) end textCellDiv:wikitext(self.date and (' ' .. self.date) or nil) if self.info and not self.isSmall then textCellDiv :tag('span') :addClass('hide-when-compact') :wikitext(self.info and (' ' .. self.info) or nil) end if self.removalNotice then textCellDiv:tag('span') :addClass('hide-when-compact') :tag('i') :wikitext(string.format(" (%s)", self.removalNotice)) end else -- Default text formatting - anything goes. textCell :cssText(self.textstyle or nil) :wikitext(self.text or nil) end -- Add the right-hand image. if self.imageRight then local imageRightCell = flex_container:tag('div'):addClass('mbox-imageright') imageRightCell :addClass(self.imageRightClass) :wikitext(self.imageRight or nil) end mbox:node(flex_container) -- Add the below row. if self.below then mbox:tag('div') :addClass('mbox-text mbox-below') :cssText(self.textstyle or nil) :wikitext(self.below or nil) end -- Add error message for invalid type parameters. if self.invalidTypeError then root:tag('div') :addClass('mbox-invalid-type') :wikitext(string.format( 'This message box is using an invalid "type=%s" parameter and needs fixing.', self.type or '' )) end -- Add categories. root:wikitext(self:renderCategories() or nil) return tostring(root) end function MessageBox:export() local root = mw.html.create() -- Add the subst check error. if self.isSubstituted and self.name then root:tag('b') :addClass('error') :wikitext(string.format( 'Template <code>%s[[Template:%s|%s]]%s</code> has been incorrectly substituted.', mw.text.nowiki('{{'), self.name, self.name, mw.text.nowiki('}}') )) end local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() root:wikitext(frame:extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = self.base_templatestyles }, }) -- Add support for a single custom templatestyles sheet. Undocumented as -- need should be limited and many templates using mbox are substed; we -- don't want to spread templatestyles sheets around to arbitrary places if self.templatestyles then root:wikitext(frame:extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = self.templatestyles }, }) end -- Create the box table. local boxTable = root:tag('table') boxTable:attr('id', self.id or nil) for i, class in ipairs(self.classes or {}) do boxTable:addClass(class or nil) end boxTable :cssText(self.style or nil) :attr('role', 'presentation') if self.attrs then boxTable:attr(self.attrs) end -- Add the left-hand image. local row = boxTable:tag('tr') if self.imageLeft then local imageLeftCell = row:tag('td'):addClass('mbox-image') if self.imageCellDiv then -- If we are using a div, redefine imageLeftCell so that the image -- is inside it. Divs use style="width: 52px;", which limits the -- image width to 52px. If any images in a div are wider than that, -- they may overlap with the text or cause other display problems. imageLeftCell = imageLeftCell:tag('div'):addClass('mbox-image-div') end imageLeftCell :addClass(self.imageLeftClass) :wikitext(self.imageLeft or nil) elseif self.imageEmptyCell then -- Some message boxes define an empty cell if no image is specified, and -- some don't. The old template code in templates where empty cells are -- specified gives the following hint: "No image. Cell with some width -- or padding necessary for text cell to have 100% width." row:tag('td') :addClass('mbox-empty-cell') end -- Add the text. local textCell = row:tag('td'):addClass('mbox-text') if self.useCollapsibleTextFields then -- The message box uses advanced text parameters that allow things to be -- collapsible. At the moment, only ambox uses this. textCell:cssText(self.textstyle or nil) local textCellDiv = textCell:tag('div') textCellDiv :addClass('mbox-text-span') :wikitext(self.issue or nil) if (self.talk or self.fix) then textCellDiv:tag('span') :addClass('hide-when-compact') :wikitext(self.talk and (' ' .. self.talk) or nil) :wikitext(self.fix and (' ' .. self.fix) or nil) end textCellDiv:wikitext(self.date and (' ' .. self.date) or nil) if self.info and not self.isSmall then textCellDiv :tag('span') :addClass('hide-when-compact') :wikitext(self.info and (' ' .. self.info) or nil) end if self.removalNotice then textCellDiv:tag('span') :addClass('hide-when-compact') :tag('i') :wikitext(string.format(" (%s)", self.removalNotice)) end else -- Default text formatting - anything goes. textCell :cssText(self.textstyle or nil) :wikitext(self.text or nil) end -- Add the right-hand image. if self.imageRight then local imageRightCell = row:tag('td'):addClass('mbox-imageright') if self.imageCellDiv then -- If we are using a div, redefine imageRightCell so that the image -- is inside it. imageRightCell = imageRightCell:tag('div'):addClass('mbox-image-div') end imageRightCell :addClass(self.imageRightClass) :wikitext(self.imageRight or nil) end -- Add the below row. if self.below then boxTable:tag('tr') :tag('td') :attr('colspan', self.imageRight and '3' or '2') :addClass('mbox-text') :cssText(self.textstyle or nil) :wikitext(self.below or nil) end -- Add error message for invalid type parameters. if self.invalidTypeError then root:tag('div') :addClass('mbox-invalid-type') :wikitext(string.format( 'This message box is using an invalid "type=%s" parameter and needs fixing.', self.type or '' )) end -- Add categories. root:wikitext(self:renderCategories() or nil) return tostring(root) end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Exports -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local p, mt = {}, {} function p._exportClasses() -- For testing. return { MessageBox = MessageBox } end function p.main(boxType, args, cfgTables) local box = MessageBox.new(boxType, args, cfgTables or mw.loadData(CONFIG_MODULE)) box:setParameters() box:setCategories() -- DIV MIGRATION CONDITIONAL if box.cfg.div_structure then return box:exportDiv() end -- END DIV MIGRATION CONDITIONAL return box:export() end function mt.__index(t, k) return function (frame) if not getArgs then getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs end return t.main(k, getArgs(frame, {trim = false, removeBlanks = false})) end end return setmetatable(p, mt) ocboyo877qnpqum2b9fyiquh72vukqa 74220 74219 2026-09-09T16:22:13Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Module:Message_box]]: Importing Orphan Template 74219 Scribunto text/plain require('strict') local getArgs local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local lang = mw.language.getContentLanguage() local CONFIG_MODULE = 'Module:Message box/configuration' local DEMOSPACES = {talk = 'tmbox', image = 'imbox', file = 'imbox', category = 'cmbox', article = 'ambox', main = 'ambox'} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Helper functions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function getTitleObject(...) -- Get the title object, passing the function through pcall -- in case we are over the expensive function count limit. local success, title = pcall(mw.title.new, ...) if success then return title end end local function union(t1, t2) -- Returns the union of two arrays. local vals = {} for i, v in ipairs(t1) do vals[v] = true end for i, v in ipairs(t2) do vals[v] = true end local ret = {} for k in pairs(vals) do table.insert(ret, k) end table.sort(ret) return ret end local function getArgNums(args, prefix) local nums = {} for k, v in pairs(args) do local num = mw.ustring.match(tostring(k), '^' .. prefix .. '([1-9]%d*)$') if num then table.insert(nums, tonumber(num)) end end table.sort(nums) return nums end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Box class definition -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local MessageBox = {} MessageBox.__index = MessageBox function MessageBox.new(boxType, args, cfg) args = args or {} local obj = {} -- Set the title object and the namespace. obj.title = getTitleObject(args.page) or mw.title.getCurrentTitle() -- Set the config for our box type. obj.cfg = cfg[boxType] if not obj.cfg then local ns = obj.title.namespace -- boxType is "mbox" or invalid input if args.demospace and args.demospace ~= '' then -- implement demospace parameter of mbox local demospace = string.lower(args.demospace) if DEMOSPACES[demospace] then -- use template from DEMOSPACES obj.cfg = cfg[DEMOSPACES[demospace]] elseif string.find( demospace, 'talk' ) then -- demo as a talk page obj.cfg = cfg.tmbox else -- default to ombox obj.cfg = cfg.ombox end elseif ns == 0 then obj.cfg = cfg.ambox -- main namespace elseif ns == 6 then obj.cfg = cfg.imbox -- file namespace elseif ns == 14 then obj.cfg = cfg.cmbox -- category namespace else local nsTable = mw.site.namespaces[ns] if nsTable and nsTable.isTalk then obj.cfg = cfg.tmbox -- any talk namespace else obj.cfg = cfg.ombox -- other namespaces or invalid input end end end -- Set the arguments, and remove all blank arguments except for the ones -- listed in cfg.allowBlankParams. do local newArgs = {} for k, v in pairs(args) do if v ~= '' then newArgs[k] = v end end for i, param in ipairs(obj.cfg.allowBlankParams or {}) do newArgs[param] = args[param] end obj.args = newArgs end -- Define internal data structure. obj.categories = {} obj.classes = {} -- For lazy loading of [[Module:Category handler]]. obj.hasCategories = false return setmetatable(obj, MessageBox) end function MessageBox:addCat(ns, cat, sort) if not cat then return nil end if sort then cat = string.format('[[Category:%s|%s]]', cat, sort) else cat = string.format('[[Category:%s]]', cat) end self.hasCategories = true self.categories[ns] = self.categories[ns] or {} table.insert(self.categories[ns], cat) end function MessageBox:addClass(class) if not class then return nil end table.insert(self.classes, class) end function MessageBox:setParameters() local args = self.args local cfg = self.cfg -- Get type data. self.type = args.type local typeData = cfg.types[self.type] self.invalidTypeError = cfg.showInvalidTypeError and self.type and not typeData typeData = typeData or cfg.types[cfg.default] self.typeClass = typeData.class self.typeImage = typeData.image self.typeImageNeedsLink = typeData.imageNeedsLink -- Find if the box has been wrongly substituted. self.isSubstituted = cfg.substCheck and args.subst == 'SUBST' -- Find whether we are using a small message box. self.isSmall = cfg.allowSmall and ( cfg.smallParam and args.small == cfg.smallParam or not cfg.smallParam and yesno(args.small) ) -- Set the below row. self.below = cfg.below and args.below -- Add attributes, classes and styles. self.id = args.id self.name = args.name if self.name then self:addClass('box-' .. string.gsub(self.name,' ','_')) end if yesno(args.plainlinks) ~= false then self:addClass('plainlinks') end if self.below then self:addClass('mbox-with-below') end for _, class in ipairs(cfg.classes or {}) do self:addClass(class) end if self.isSmall then self:addClass(cfg.smallClass or 'mbox-small') end self:addClass(self.typeClass) self:addClass(args.class) self.style = args.style self.attrs = args.attrs -- Set text style. self.textstyle = args.textstyle -- Set image classes. self.imageRightClass = args.imagerightclass or args.imageclass self.imageLeftClass = args.imageleftclass or args.imageclass -- Find if we are on the template page or not. This functionality is only -- used if useCollapsibleTextFields is set, or if both cfg.templateCategory -- and cfg.templateCategoryRequireName are set. self.useCollapsibleTextFields = cfg.useCollapsibleTextFields if self.useCollapsibleTextFields or cfg.templateCategory and cfg.templateCategoryRequireName then if self.name then local templateName = mw.ustring.match( self.name, '^[tT][eE][mM][pP][lL][aA][tT][eE][%s_]*:[%s_]*(.*)$' ) or self.name templateName = 'Template:' .. templateName self.templateTitle = getTitleObject(templateName) end self.isTemplatePage = self.templateTitle and mw.title.equals(self.title, self.templateTitle) end -- Process data for collapsible text fields. At the moment these are only -- used in {{ambox}}. if self.useCollapsibleTextFields then -- Get the self.issue value. if self.isSmall and args.smalltext then self.issue = args.smalltext else local sect if args.sect == '' then sect = 'This ' .. (cfg.sectionDefault or 'page') elseif type(args.sect) == 'string' then sect = 'This ' .. args.sect end local issue = args.issue issue = type(issue) == 'string' and issue ~= '' and issue or nil local text = args.text text = type(text) == 'string' and text or nil local issues = {} table.insert(issues, sect) table.insert(issues, issue) table.insert(issues, text) self.issue = table.concat(issues, ' ') end -- Get the self.talk value. local talk = args.talk -- Show talk links on the template page or template subpages if the talk -- parameter is blank. if talk == '' and self.templateTitle and ( mw.title.equals(self.templateTitle, self.title) or self.title:isSubpageOf(self.templateTitle) ) then talk = '#' elseif talk == '' then talk = nil end if talk then -- If the talk value is a talk page, make a link to that page. Else -- assume that it's a section heading, and make a link to the talk -- page of the current page with that section heading. local talkTitle = getTitleObject(talk) local talkArgIsTalkPage = true if not talkTitle or not talkTitle.isTalkPage then talkArgIsTalkPage = false talkTitle = getTitleObject( self.title.text, mw.site.namespaces[self.title.namespace].talk.id ) end if talkTitle and talkTitle.exists then local talkText if self.isSmall then local talkLink = talkArgIsTalkPage and talk or (talkTitle.prefixedText .. (talk == '#' and '' or '#') .. talk) talkText = string.format('([[%s|talk]])', talkLink) else talkText = 'Relevant discussion may be found on' if talkArgIsTalkPage then talkText = string.format( '%s [[%s|%s]].', talkText, talk, talkTitle.prefixedText ) else talkText = string.format( '%s the [[%s' .. (talk == '#' and '' or '#') .. '%s|talk page]].', talkText, talkTitle.prefixedText, talk ) end end self.talk = talkText end end -- Get other values. self.fix = args.fix ~= '' and args.fix or nil local date if args.date and args.date ~= '' then date = args.date elseif args.date == '' and self.isTemplatePage then date = lang:formatDate('F Y') end if date then self.date = string.format(" <span class='date-container'><i>(<span class='date'>%s</span>)</i></span>", date) end self.info = args.info if yesno(args.removalnotice) then self.removalNotice = cfg.removalNotice end end -- Set the non-collapsible text field. At the moment this is used by all box -- types other than ambox, and also by ambox when small=yes. if self.isSmall then self.text = args.smalltext or args.text else self.text = args.text end -- General image settings. self.imageCellDiv = not self.isSmall and cfg.imageCellDiv self.imageEmptyCell = cfg.imageEmptyCell -- Left image settings. local imageLeft = self.isSmall and args.smallimage or args.image if cfg.imageCheckBlank and imageLeft ~= 'blank' and imageLeft ~= 'none' or not cfg.imageCheckBlank and imageLeft ~= 'none' then self.imageLeft = imageLeft if not imageLeft then local imageSize = self.isSmall and (cfg.imageSmallSize or '30x30px') or '40x40px' self.imageLeft = string.format('[[File:%s|%s%s|alt=]]', self.typeImage or 'Information icon4.svg', imageSize, self.typeImageNeedsLink and "" or "|link=" ) end end -- Right image settings. local imageRight = self.isSmall and args.smallimageright or args.imageright if not (cfg.imageRightNone and imageRight == 'none') then self.imageRight = imageRight end -- set templatestyles self.base_templatestyles = cfg.templatestyles self.templatestyles = args.templatestyles end function MessageBox:setMainspaceCategories() local args = self.args local cfg = self.cfg if not cfg.allowMainspaceCategories then return nil end local nums = {} for _, prefix in ipairs{'cat', 'category', 'all'} do args[prefix .. '1'] = args[prefix] nums = union(nums, getArgNums(args, prefix)) end -- The following is roughly equivalent to the old {{Ambox/category}}. local date = args.date date = type(date) == 'string' and date local preposition = 'from' for _, num in ipairs(nums) do local mainCat = args['cat' .. tostring(num)] or args['category' .. tostring(num)] local allCat = args['all' .. tostring(num)] mainCat = type(mainCat) == 'string' and mainCat allCat = type(allCat) == 'string' and allCat if mainCat and date and date ~= '' then local catTitle = string.format('%s %s %s', mainCat, preposition, date) self:addCat(0, catTitle) catTitle = getTitleObject('Category:' .. catTitle) if not catTitle or not catTitle.exists then self:addCat(0, 'Articles with invalid date parameter in template') end elseif mainCat and (not date or date == '') then self:addCat(0, mainCat) end if allCat then self:addCat(0, allCat) end end end function MessageBox:setTemplateCategories() local args = self.args local cfg = self.cfg -- Add template categories. if cfg.templateCategory then if cfg.templateCategoryRequireName then if self.isTemplatePage then self:addCat(10, cfg.templateCategory) end elseif not self.title.isSubpage then self:addCat(10, cfg.templateCategory) end end -- Add template error categories. if cfg.templateErrorCategory then local templateErrorCategory = cfg.templateErrorCategory local templateCat, templateSort if not self.name and not self.title.isSubpage then templateCat = templateErrorCategory elseif self.isTemplatePage then local paramsToCheck = cfg.templateErrorParamsToCheck or {} local count = 0 for i, param in ipairs(paramsToCheck) do if not args[param] then count = count + 1 end end if count > 0 then templateCat = templateErrorCategory templateSort = tostring(count) end if self.categoryNums and #self.categoryNums > 0 then templateCat = templateErrorCategory templateSort = 'C' end end self:addCat(10, templateCat, templateSort) end end function MessageBox:setAllNamespaceCategories() -- Set categories for all namespaces. if self.invalidTypeError then local allSort = (self.title.namespace == 0 and 'Main:' or '') .. self.title.prefixedText self:addCat('all', 'Wikipedia message box parameter needs fixing', allSort) end if self.isSubstituted then self:addCat('all', 'Pages with incorrectly substituted templates') end end function MessageBox:setCategories() if self.title.namespace == 0 then self:setMainspaceCategories() elseif self.title.namespace == 10 then self:setTemplateCategories() end self:setAllNamespaceCategories() end function MessageBox:renderCategories() if not self.hasCategories then -- No categories added, no need to pass them to Category handler so, -- if it was invoked, it would return the empty string. -- So we shortcut and return the empty string. return "" end -- Convert category tables to strings and pass them through -- [[Module:Category handler]]. return require('Module:Category handler')._main{ main = table.concat(self.categories[0] or {}), template = table.concat(self.categories[10] or {}), all = table.concat(self.categories.all or {}), nocat = self.args.nocat, page = self.args.page } end function MessageBox:exportDiv() local root = mw.html.create() -- Add the subst check error. if self.isSubstituted and self.name then root:tag('b') :addClass('error') :wikitext(string.format( 'Template <code>%s[[Template:%s|%s]]%s</code> has been incorrectly substituted.', mw.text.nowiki('{{'), self.name, self.name, mw.text.nowiki('}}') )) end local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() root:wikitext(frame:extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = self.base_templatestyles }, }) -- Add support for a single custom templatestyles sheet. Undocumented as -- need should be limited and many templates using mbox are substed; we -- don't want to spread templatestyles sheets around to arbitrary places if self.templatestyles then root:wikitext(frame:extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = self.templatestyles }, }) end -- Create the box. local mbox = root:tag('div') mbox:attr('id', self.id or nil) for i, class in ipairs(self.classes or {}) do mbox:addClass(class or nil) end mbox :cssText(self.style or nil) if self.attrs then mbox:attr(self.attrs) end local flex_container if self.below then -- we need to wrap the flex components (`image(right)` and `text`) in their -- own container div to support the `below` parameter flex_container = mw.html.create('div') flex_container:addClass('mbox-flex') else -- the mbox itself is the parent, so we need no HTML flex_container flex_container = mw.html.create() end -- Add the left-hand image. if self.imageLeft then local imageLeftCell = flex_container:tag('div'):addClass('mbox-image') imageLeftCell :addClass(self.imageLeftClass) :wikitext(self.imageLeft or nil) end -- Add the text. local textCell = flex_container:tag('div'):addClass('mbox-text') if self.useCollapsibleTextFields then -- The message box uses advanced text parameters that allow things to be -- collapsible. At the moment, only ambox uses this. textCell:cssText(self.textstyle or nil) local textCellDiv = textCell:tag('div') textCellDiv :addClass('mbox-text-span') :wikitext(self.issue or nil) if (self.talk or self.fix) then textCellDiv:tag('span') :addClass('hide-when-compact') :wikitext(self.talk and (' ' .. self.talk) or nil) :wikitext(self.fix and (' ' .. self.fix) or nil) end textCellDiv:wikitext(self.date and (' ' .. self.date) or nil) if self.info and not self.isSmall then textCellDiv :tag('span') :addClass('hide-when-compact') :wikitext(self.info and (' ' .. self.info) or nil) end if self.removalNotice then textCellDiv:tag('span') :addClass('hide-when-compact') :tag('i') :wikitext(string.format(" (%s)", self.removalNotice)) end else -- Default text formatting - anything goes. textCell :cssText(self.textstyle or nil) :wikitext(self.text or nil) end -- Add the right-hand image. if self.imageRight then local imageRightCell = flex_container:tag('div'):addClass('mbox-imageright') imageRightCell :addClass(self.imageRightClass) :wikitext(self.imageRight or nil) end mbox:node(flex_container) -- Add the below row. if self.below then mbox:tag('div') :addClass('mbox-text mbox-below') :cssText(self.textstyle or nil) :wikitext(self.below or nil) end -- Add error message for invalid type parameters. if self.invalidTypeError then root:tag('div') :addClass('mbox-invalid-type') :wikitext(string.format( 'This message box is using an invalid "type=%s" parameter and needs fixing.', self.type or '' )) end -- Add categories. root:wikitext(self:renderCategories() or nil) return tostring(root) end function MessageBox:export() local root = mw.html.create() -- Add the subst check error. if self.isSubstituted and self.name then root:tag('b') :addClass('error') :wikitext(string.format( 'Template <code>%s[[Template:%s|%s]]%s</code> has been incorrectly substituted.', mw.text.nowiki('{{'), self.name, self.name, mw.text.nowiki('}}') )) end local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() root:wikitext(frame:extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = self.base_templatestyles }, }) -- Add support for a single custom templatestyles sheet. Undocumented as -- need should be limited and many templates using mbox are substed; we -- don't want to spread templatestyles sheets around to arbitrary places if self.templatestyles then root:wikitext(frame:extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = self.templatestyles }, }) end -- Create the box table. local boxTable = root:tag('table') boxTable:attr('id', self.id or nil) for i, class in ipairs(self.classes or {}) do boxTable:addClass(class or nil) end boxTable :cssText(self.style or nil) :attr('role', 'presentation') if self.attrs then boxTable:attr(self.attrs) end -- Add the left-hand image. local row = boxTable:tag('tr') if self.imageLeft then local imageLeftCell = row:tag('td'):addClass('mbox-image') if self.imageCellDiv then -- If we are using a div, redefine imageLeftCell so that the image -- is inside it. Divs use style="width: 52px;", which limits the -- image width to 52px. If any images in a div are wider than that, -- they may overlap with the text or cause other display problems. imageLeftCell = imageLeftCell:tag('div'):addClass('mbox-image-div') end imageLeftCell :addClass(self.imageLeftClass) :wikitext(self.imageLeft or nil) elseif self.imageEmptyCell then -- Some message boxes define an empty cell if no image is specified, and -- some don't. The old template code in templates where empty cells are -- specified gives the following hint: "No image. Cell with some width -- or padding necessary for text cell to have 100% width." row:tag('td') :addClass('mbox-empty-cell') end -- Add the text. local textCell = row:tag('td'):addClass('mbox-text') if self.useCollapsibleTextFields then -- The message box uses advanced text parameters that allow things to be -- collapsible. At the moment, only ambox uses this. textCell:cssText(self.textstyle or nil) local textCellDiv = textCell:tag('div') textCellDiv :addClass('mbox-text-span') :wikitext(self.issue or nil) if (self.talk or self.fix) then textCellDiv:tag('span') :addClass('hide-when-compact') :wikitext(self.talk and (' ' .. self.talk) or nil) :wikitext(self.fix and (' ' .. self.fix) or nil) end textCellDiv:wikitext(self.date and (' ' .. self.date) or nil) if self.info and not self.isSmall then textCellDiv :tag('span') :addClass('hide-when-compact') :wikitext(self.info and (' ' .. self.info) or nil) end if self.removalNotice then textCellDiv:tag('span') :addClass('hide-when-compact') :tag('i') :wikitext(string.format(" (%s)", self.removalNotice)) end else -- Default text formatting - anything goes. textCell :cssText(self.textstyle or nil) :wikitext(self.text or nil) end -- Add the right-hand image. if self.imageRight then local imageRightCell = row:tag('td'):addClass('mbox-imageright') if self.imageCellDiv then -- If we are using a div, redefine imageRightCell so that the image -- is inside it. imageRightCell = imageRightCell:tag('div'):addClass('mbox-image-div') end imageRightCell :addClass(self.imageRightClass) :wikitext(self.imageRight or nil) end -- Add the below row. if self.below then boxTable:tag('tr') :tag('td') :attr('colspan', self.imageRight and '3' or '2') :addClass('mbox-text') :cssText(self.textstyle or nil) :wikitext(self.below or nil) end -- Add error message for invalid type parameters. if self.invalidTypeError then root:tag('div') :addClass('mbox-invalid-type') :wikitext(string.format( 'This message box is using an invalid "type=%s" parameter and needs fixing.', self.type or '' )) end -- Add categories. root:wikitext(self:renderCategories() or nil) return tostring(root) end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Exports -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local p, mt = {}, {} function p._exportClasses() -- For testing. return { MessageBox = MessageBox } end function p.main(boxType, args, cfgTables) local box = MessageBox.new(boxType, args, cfgTables or mw.loadData(CONFIG_MODULE)) box:setParameters() box:setCategories() -- DIV MIGRATION CONDITIONAL if box.cfg.div_structure then return box:exportDiv() end -- END DIV MIGRATION CONDITIONAL return box:export() end function mt.__index(t, k) return function (frame) if not getArgs then getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs end return t.main(k, getArgs(frame, {trim = false, removeBlanks = false})) end end return setmetatable(p, mt) ocboyo877qnpqum2b9fyiquh72vukqa Module:Message box/configuration 828 9061 74221 35618 2025-10-19T18:19:49Z en>Izno 0 div imbox 74221 Scribunto text/plain -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Message box configuration -- -- -- -- This module contains configuration data for [[Module:Message box]]. -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- return { ambox = { types = { speedy = { class = 'ambox-speedy', image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg' }, delete = { class = 'ambox-delete', image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg' }, content = { class = 'ambox-content', image = 'Ambox important.svg' }, style = { class = 'ambox-style', image = 'Edit-clear.svg' }, move = { class = 'ambox-move', image = 'Merge-split-transwiki default.svg' }, protection = { class = 'ambox-protection', image = 'Semi-protection-shackle-keyhole.svg' }, notice = { class = 'ambox-notice', image = 'Information icon4.svg' } }, default = 'notice', allowBlankParams = {'talk', 'sect', 'date', 'issue', 'fix', 'subst', 'hidden'}, allowSmall = true, smallParam = 'left', smallClass = 'mbox-small-left', substCheck = true, classes = {'metadata', 'ambox'}, imageEmptyCell = true, imageCheckBlank = true, imageSmallSize = '20x20px', imageCellDiv = true, useCollapsibleTextFields = true, imageRightNone = true, sectionDefault = 'article', allowMainspaceCategories = true, templateCategory = 'Article message templates', templateCategoryRequireName = true, templateErrorCategory = 'Article message templates with missing parameters', templateErrorParamsToCheck = {'issue', 'fix', 'subst'}, removalNotice = '<small>[[Help:Maintenance template removal|Learn how and when to remove this message]]</small>', templatestyles = 'Module:Message box/ambox.css' }, cmbox = { types = { speedy = { class = 'cmbox-speedy', image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg' }, delete = { class = 'cmbox-delete', image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg' }, content = { class = 'cmbox-content', image = 'Ambox important.svg' }, style = { class = 'cmbox-style', image = 'Edit-clear.svg' }, move = { class = 'cmbox-move', image = 'Merge-split-transwiki default.svg' }, protection = { class = 'cmbox-protection', image = 'Semi-protection-shackle-keyhole.svg' }, notice = { class = 'cmbox-notice', image = 'Information icon4.svg' } }, default = 'notice', showInvalidTypeError = true, classes = {'cmbox'}, imageEmptyCell = true, templatestyles = 'Module:Message box/cmbox.css', div_structure = true, }, fmbox = { types = { warning = { class = 'fmbox-warning', image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg' }, editnotice = { class = 'fmbox-editnotice', image = 'Information icon4.svg' }, system = { class = 'fmbox-system', image = 'Information icon4.svg' } }, default = 'system', showInvalidTypeError = true, classes = {'fmbox'}, imageEmptyCell = false, imageRightNone = false, templatestyles = 'Module:Message box/fmbox.css', div_structure = true, }, imbox = { types = { speedy = { class = 'imbox-speedy', image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg' }, delete = { class = 'imbox-delete', image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg' }, content = { class = 'imbox-content', image = 'Ambox important.svg' }, style = { class = 'imbox-style', image = 'Edit-clear.svg' }, move = { class = 'imbox-move', image = 'Merge-split-transwiki default.svg' }, protection = { class = 'imbox-protection', image = 'Semi-protection-shackle-keyhole.svg' }, license = { class = 'imbox-license licensetpl', image = 'Imbox-license.svg' }, ["license-related"] = { class = 'imbox-license', image = 'Imbox-license.svg' }, featured = { class = 'imbox-featured', image = 'Cscr-featured.svg', imageNeedsLink = true }, notice = { class = 'imbox-notice', image = 'Information icon4.svg' } }, default = 'notice', showInvalidTypeError = true, classes = {'imbox'}, imageEmptyCell = true, below = true, templateCategory = 'File message boxes', templatestyles = 'Module:Message box/imbox.css', div_structure = true, }, ombox = { types = { speedy = { class = 'ombox-speedy', image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg' }, delete = { class = 'ombox-delete', image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg' }, content = { class = 'ombox-content', image = 'Ambox important.svg' }, style = { class = 'ombox-style', image = 'Edit-clear.svg' }, move = { class = 'ombox-move', image = 'Merge-split-transwiki default.svg' }, protection = { class = 'ombox-protection', image = 'Semi-protection-shackle-keyhole.svg' }, notice = { class = 'ombox-notice', image = 'Information icon4.svg' } }, default = 'notice', showInvalidTypeError = true, classes = {'ombox'}, allowSmall = true, imageEmptyCell = true, imageRightNone = true, templatestyles = 'Module:Message box/ombox.css' }, tmbox = { types = { speedy = { class = 'tmbox-speedy', image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg' }, delete = { class = 'tmbox-delete', image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg' }, content = { class = 'tmbox-content', image = 'Ambox important.svg' }, style = { class = 'tmbox-style', image = 'Edit-clear.svg' }, move = { class = 'tmbox-move', image = 'Merge-split-transwiki default.svg' }, protection = { class = 'tmbox-protection', image = 'Semi-protection-shackle-keyhole.svg' }, notice = { class = 'tmbox-notice', image = 'Information icon4.svg' } }, default = 'notice', showInvalidTypeError = true, classes = {'tmbox'}, allowSmall = true, imageRightNone = true, imageEmptyCell = true, templateCategory = 'Talk message boxes', templatestyles = 'Module:Message box/tmbox.css' } } p36hrbxjy99m7clj64lhlint2en3bo0 74222 74221 2026-09-09T16:22:13Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Module:Message_box/configuration]]: Importing Orphan Template 74221 Scribunto text/plain -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Message box configuration -- -- -- -- This module contains configuration data for [[Module:Message box]]. -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- return { ambox = { types = { speedy = { class = 'ambox-speedy', image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg' }, delete = { class = 'ambox-delete', image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg' }, content = { class = 'ambox-content', image = 'Ambox important.svg' }, style = { class = 'ambox-style', image = 'Edit-clear.svg' }, move = { class = 'ambox-move', image = 'Merge-split-transwiki default.svg' }, protection = { class = 'ambox-protection', image = 'Semi-protection-shackle-keyhole.svg' }, notice = { class = 'ambox-notice', image = 'Information icon4.svg' } }, default = 'notice', allowBlankParams = {'talk', 'sect', 'date', 'issue', 'fix', 'subst', 'hidden'}, allowSmall = true, smallParam = 'left', smallClass = 'mbox-small-left', substCheck = true, classes = {'metadata', 'ambox'}, imageEmptyCell = true, imageCheckBlank = true, imageSmallSize = '20x20px', imageCellDiv = true, useCollapsibleTextFields = true, imageRightNone = true, sectionDefault = 'article', allowMainspaceCategories = true, templateCategory = 'Article message templates', templateCategoryRequireName = true, templateErrorCategory = 'Article message templates with missing parameters', templateErrorParamsToCheck = {'issue', 'fix', 'subst'}, removalNotice = '<small>[[Help:Maintenance template removal|Learn how and when to remove this message]]</small>', templatestyles = 'Module:Message box/ambox.css' }, cmbox = { types = { speedy = { class = 'cmbox-speedy', image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg' }, delete = { class = 'cmbox-delete', image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg' }, content = { class = 'cmbox-content', image = 'Ambox important.svg' }, style = { class = 'cmbox-style', image = 'Edit-clear.svg' }, move = { class = 'cmbox-move', image = 'Merge-split-transwiki default.svg' }, protection = { class = 'cmbox-protection', image = 'Semi-protection-shackle-keyhole.svg' }, notice = { class = 'cmbox-notice', image = 'Information icon4.svg' } }, default = 'notice', showInvalidTypeError = true, classes = {'cmbox'}, imageEmptyCell = true, templatestyles = 'Module:Message box/cmbox.css', div_structure = true, }, fmbox = { types = { warning = { class = 'fmbox-warning', image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg' }, editnotice = { class = 'fmbox-editnotice', image = 'Information icon4.svg' }, system = { class = 'fmbox-system', image = 'Information icon4.svg' } }, default = 'system', showInvalidTypeError = true, classes = {'fmbox'}, imageEmptyCell = false, imageRightNone = false, templatestyles = 'Module:Message box/fmbox.css', div_structure = true, }, imbox = { types = { speedy = { class = 'imbox-speedy', image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg' }, delete = { class = 'imbox-delete', image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg' }, content = { class = 'imbox-content', image = 'Ambox important.svg' }, style = { class = 'imbox-style', image = 'Edit-clear.svg' }, move = { class = 'imbox-move', image = 'Merge-split-transwiki default.svg' }, protection = { class = 'imbox-protection', image = 'Semi-protection-shackle-keyhole.svg' }, license = { class = 'imbox-license licensetpl', image = 'Imbox-license.svg' }, ["license-related"] = { class = 'imbox-license', image = 'Imbox-license.svg' }, featured = { class = 'imbox-featured', image = 'Cscr-featured.svg', imageNeedsLink = true }, notice = { class = 'imbox-notice', image = 'Information icon4.svg' } }, default = 'notice', showInvalidTypeError = true, classes = {'imbox'}, imageEmptyCell = true, below = true, templateCategory = 'File message boxes', templatestyles = 'Module:Message box/imbox.css', div_structure = true, }, ombox = { types = { speedy = { class = 'ombox-speedy', image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg' }, delete = { class = 'ombox-delete', image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg' }, content = { class = 'ombox-content', image = 'Ambox important.svg' }, style = { class = 'ombox-style', image = 'Edit-clear.svg' }, move = { class = 'ombox-move', image = 'Merge-split-transwiki default.svg' }, protection = { class = 'ombox-protection', image = 'Semi-protection-shackle-keyhole.svg' }, notice = { class = 'ombox-notice', image = 'Information icon4.svg' } }, default = 'notice', showInvalidTypeError = true, classes = {'ombox'}, allowSmall = true, imageEmptyCell = true, imageRightNone = true, templatestyles = 'Module:Message box/ombox.css' }, tmbox = { types = { speedy = { class = 'tmbox-speedy', image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg' }, delete = { class = 'tmbox-delete', image = 'Ambox warning pn.svg' }, content = { class = 'tmbox-content', image = 'Ambox important.svg' }, style = { class = 'tmbox-style', image = 'Edit-clear.svg' }, move = { class = 'tmbox-move', image = 'Merge-split-transwiki default.svg' }, protection = { class = 'tmbox-protection', image = 'Semi-protection-shackle-keyhole.svg' }, notice = { class = 'tmbox-notice', image = 'Information icon4.svg' } }, default = 'notice', showInvalidTypeError = true, classes = {'tmbox'}, allowSmall = true, imageRightNone = true, imageEmptyCell = true, templateCategory = 'Talk message boxes', templatestyles = 'Module:Message box/tmbox.css' } } p36hrbxjy99m7clj64lhlint2en3bo0 Template:Template link 10 9062 74217 28364 2025-01-21T19:19:39Z en>Ahecht 0 Reduce [[WP:PEIS]] 74217 wikitext text/x-wiki <span class="nowrap">&#123;&#123;</span>[[Template:{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}]]<span class="nowrap">&#125;&#125;</span><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> kkhg4xclyf9r0bcl7ypdd0yuh41mfu9 74218 74217 2026-09-09T16:22:13Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Template:Template_link]]: Importing Orphan Template 74217 wikitext text/x-wiki <span class="nowrap">&#123;&#123;</span>[[Template:{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}]]<span class="nowrap">&#125;&#125;</span><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> kkhg4xclyf9r0bcl7ypdd0yuh41mfu9 Module:High-use 828 9083 74297 29462 2026-07-30T21:52:39Z en>Andrybak 0 Set `approx_num_total_pages = 66000000` (66 million). [[Special:Statistics]] shows 65,988,696 right now. We don't need a lot of precision here. Next update can be at 67 million. 74297 Scribunto text/plain require('strict') local p = {} local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local _fetch = require('Module:Transclusion_count')._fetch -- _fetch looks at the 'demo' argument local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local lang_obj = mw.getContentLanguage() -- this here because the language object is used multiple places in the module local large_count_cutoff = 100000 local approx_num_total_pages = 66000000 local user_subpage_info_page = 'Wikipedia:User pages#SUB' local sandbox_module_page = 'Module:Sandbox' local system_messages_cat = 'Pages used in system messages needing protection' local sandbox_word = 'sandbox' local testcases_word = 'testcases' local doc_word = 'doc' local function count_from_args(args) if tonumber(args.count) then -- check if function has already been used return tonumber(args.count) -- early exit if so end local count if yesno(args['fetch']) ~= false then count = _fetch(args) -- fetch transclusion count end -- use explicitly-provided count when fetch fails if count == nil and args[1] ~= nil and args[1] ~= '' then -- convert local language number string to a number understandable by Lua count = mw.ustring.gsub(args[1], '+$', '') count = lang_obj:parseFormattedNumber(args[1]) end -- in case someone writes a non-positive number if count and count > 0 then return count end return nil end -- Actions if there is a large (greater than or equal to 100,000) transclusion count local function risk_boolean(args) if args.risk == true or args.risk == false then return args.risk elseif args[1] == 'risk' then return true else local count = count_from_args(args) if count and count >= large_count_cutoff then return true end end return false end -- function retained for backwards compatibility function p._risk(args) return risk_boolean(args) and 'risk' or '' end -- function retained for backwards compatibility function p.risk(frame) return p._risk(getArgs(frame)) end -- count and no_percent arguments retained for backwards compatibility function p._num(args, count, no_percent) if count == nil then count = count_from_args(args) end args.count = count args.risk = risk_boolean(args) -- Build output string local return_value = '' if args.count == nil and args.risk then return 'a very large number of' elseif args.count == nil then return 'many' else -- Use 2 significant figures for smaller numbers and 3 for larger ones local sigfig = 2 if args.count >= large_count_cutoff then sigfig = 3 end -- Prepare to round to appropriate number of sigfigs local f = math.floor(math.log10(args.count)) - sigfig + 1 -- Round and insert 'approximately' or '+' when appropriate if yesno(args[2]) == true or (type(args[1]) == 'string' and (mw.ustring.sub(args[1], -1) == '+')) then -- Round down return_value = string.format('%s+', lang_obj:formatNum(math.floor( (args.count / 10^(f)) ) * (10^(f))) ) else -- Round to nearest return_value = string.format('approximately&#x20;%s', lang_obj:formatNum(math.floor( (args.count / 10^(f)) + 0.5) * (10^(f))) ) end -- Insert percentage of pages if that is likely to be >= 1% and when |no-percent= not set to yes no_percent = yesno(no_percent or args['no-percent']) if args.count and args.count >= approx_num_total_pages/100 and not no_percent then local num_total_pages = mw.getCurrentFrame():callParserFunction('NUMBEROFPAGES', 'R') local total_percent = math.floor( ( ( args.count/num_total_pages ) * 100) + 0.5) if total_percent >= 1 then return_value = string.format('%s&#x20;pages, or roughly %s%% of all', return_value, total_percent) end end end return return_value end -- used by [[Template:Stub documentation]] and other pages -- count argument retained for backwards compatibility function p.num(frame, count) return p._num(getArgs(frame), count) end -- count argument retained for backwards compatibility function p._text(args, count) --[=[ Only show the information about how this template gets updated if someone is actually editing the page and maybe trying to update the count. ]=] local bot_text = (mw.getCurrentFrame():preprocess('{{REVISIONID}}') == '') and ("\n\n----\n'''Preview message''':" .. ' Transclusion count updated automatically ([[Template:High-use/doc#Technical details|see documentation]]).') or '' if count == nil then count = count_from_args(args) end args.count = count args.risk = risk_boolean(args) -- trim /doc, /sandbox and /testcases local title = args.title or (args.demo and args.demo ~= '' and mw.title.new(args.demo, 'Template')) or mw.title.getCurrentTitle() if title.subpageText == doc_word or title.subpageText == sandbox_word or title.subpageText == testcases_word then title = title.basePageTitle end -- use /testcases of base template local testcases_page = mw.title.new(title.prefixedText .. '/' .. testcases_word) -- exists is expensive while testcases_page.basePageTitle.isSubpage and not testcases_page.exists do testcases_page = mw.title.new(testcases_page.basePageTitle.basePageTitle.prefixedText .. '/' .. testcases_word) end local systemMessages = (args['system'] or '') ~= '' -- This retrieves the project URL automatically to simplify localization. local templateCount = ('on [https://linkcount.toolforge.org/?project=%s&page=%s#transclusions %s pages]'):format( title:fullUrl():gsub('//(.-)/.*', '%1'), mw.uri.encode(title.fullText), p._num(args)) local used_on_text = "'''This " .. (title:inNamespace('Module') and 'Lua module' or 'template') .. ' is used ' if systemMessages then used_on_text = used_on_text .. args['system'] .. ((args.count and args.count > 2000) and ("''', and " .. templateCount) or ("'''")) else used_on_text = used_on_text .. templateCount .. "'''" end local sandbox_text = ('%s\'s [[%s/sandbox|/sandbox]] or [[%s|/testcases]] subpages, or in your own [[%s]]. '):format( title:inNamespace('Module') and 'module' or 'template', title.fullText, testcases_page.fullText, title:inNamespace('Module') and (sandbox_module_page .. '|module sandbox') or (user_subpage_info_page .. '|user subpage') ) local infoArg = args['info'] ~= '' and args['info'] if (systemMessages or args.risk) then local info = '.' if systemMessages then info = info .. '<br />Changes to it can cause immediate changes to the ' .. mw.site.namespaces.Project.name .. ' user interface.' end if infoArg then info = info .. '<br />' .. infoArg end sandbox_text = info .. '<br /> To avoid major disruption' .. (args.count and args.count >= large_count_cutoff and ' and server load' or '') .. -- should this use args.risk? ', any changes should be tested in the ' .. sandbox_text .. 'The tested changes can be added to this page in a single edit. ' else sandbox_text = (infoArg and ('.<br />' .. infoArg .. ' C') or ' and c') .. 'hanges may be widely noticed. Test changes in the ' .. sandbox_text end local discussion_text = systemMessages and 'Please discuss changes ' or 'Consider discussing changes ' if args[2] ~= nil and args[2] ~= '' and yesno(args[2]) == nil then discussion_text = string.format('%sat [[%s]]', discussion_text, args[2]) else discussion_text = string.format('%son the [[%s|talk page]]', discussion_text, title.talkPageTitle.fullText) end return used_on_text .. sandbox_text .. discussion_text .. ' before implementing them.' .. bot_text end -- used by [[Template:R from high-use template]] -- count argument retained for backwards compatibility function p.text(frame, count) return p._text(getArgs(frame), count) end -- nocat argument retained for backwards compatibility function p._main(args, nocat) args.count = count_from_args(args) args.risk = risk_boolean(args) args.title = (args.demo and args.demo ~= '' and mw.title.new(args.demo, 'Template')) or mw.title.getCurrentTitle() local image = 'Ambox warning yellow.svg' local type_param = 'style' local epilogue = '' if args['system'] and args['system'] ~= '' then image = 'Ambox important.svg' type_param = 'content' if yesno(nocat or args['nocat']) ~= true and not args.title.isRedirect then local protection_action = (args.title:inNamespace('File') and 'upload') or 'edit' local protection_level = require('Module:Effective protection level')._main(protection_action, args.title.fullText) if protection_level ~= 'sysop' and protection_level ~= 'templateeditor' and protection_level ~= 'interfaceadmin' then epilogue = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate { title = 'sandbox other', args = { [2] = '[[Category:' .. system_messages_cat .. ']]' } } end end elseif args.risk then image = 'Ambox warning orange.svg' type_param = 'content' end image = '[[File:' .. image .. '|40px|alt=Warning|link=]]' if args['form'] == 'editnotice' then return mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{ title = 'editnotice', args = { ['image'] = image, ['text'] = p._text(args), ['expiry'] = (args['expiry'] or '') } } .. epilogue else return require('Module:Message box').main('ombox', { type = type_param, image = image, text = p._text(args), expiry = (args['expiry'] or '') }) .. epilogue end end function p.main(frame) return p._main(getArgs(frame)) end return p qkt57qdst1ol2kbo88d4jxkr0ibiuy4 74298 74297 2026-09-09T16:22:17Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Module:High-use]]: Importing Orphan Template 74297 Scribunto text/plain require('strict') local p = {} local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local _fetch = require('Module:Transclusion_count')._fetch -- _fetch looks at the 'demo' argument local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local lang_obj = mw.getContentLanguage() -- this here because the language object is used multiple places in the module local large_count_cutoff = 100000 local approx_num_total_pages = 66000000 local user_subpage_info_page = 'Wikipedia:User pages#SUB' local sandbox_module_page = 'Module:Sandbox' local system_messages_cat = 'Pages used in system messages needing protection' local sandbox_word = 'sandbox' local testcases_word = 'testcases' local doc_word = 'doc' local function count_from_args(args) if tonumber(args.count) then -- check if function has already been used return tonumber(args.count) -- early exit if so end local count if yesno(args['fetch']) ~= false then count = _fetch(args) -- fetch transclusion count end -- use explicitly-provided count when fetch fails if count == nil and args[1] ~= nil and args[1] ~= '' then -- convert local language number string to a number understandable by Lua count = mw.ustring.gsub(args[1], '+$', '') count = lang_obj:parseFormattedNumber(args[1]) end -- in case someone writes a non-positive number if count and count > 0 then return count end return nil end -- Actions if there is a large (greater than or equal to 100,000) transclusion count local function risk_boolean(args) if args.risk == true or args.risk == false then return args.risk elseif args[1] == 'risk' then return true else local count = count_from_args(args) if count and count >= large_count_cutoff then return true end end return false end -- function retained for backwards compatibility function p._risk(args) return risk_boolean(args) and 'risk' or '' end -- function retained for backwards compatibility function p.risk(frame) return p._risk(getArgs(frame)) end -- count and no_percent arguments retained for backwards compatibility function p._num(args, count, no_percent) if count == nil then count = count_from_args(args) end args.count = count args.risk = risk_boolean(args) -- Build output string local return_value = '' if args.count == nil and args.risk then return 'a very large number of' elseif args.count == nil then return 'many' else -- Use 2 significant figures for smaller numbers and 3 for larger ones local sigfig = 2 if args.count >= large_count_cutoff then sigfig = 3 end -- Prepare to round to appropriate number of sigfigs local f = math.floor(math.log10(args.count)) - sigfig + 1 -- Round and insert 'approximately' or '+' when appropriate if yesno(args[2]) == true or (type(args[1]) == 'string' and (mw.ustring.sub(args[1], -1) == '+')) then -- Round down return_value = string.format('%s+', lang_obj:formatNum(math.floor( (args.count / 10^(f)) ) * (10^(f))) ) else -- Round to nearest return_value = string.format('approximately&#x20;%s', lang_obj:formatNum(math.floor( (args.count / 10^(f)) + 0.5) * (10^(f))) ) end -- Insert percentage of pages if that is likely to be >= 1% and when |no-percent= not set to yes no_percent = yesno(no_percent or args['no-percent']) if args.count and args.count >= approx_num_total_pages/100 and not no_percent then local num_total_pages = mw.getCurrentFrame():callParserFunction('NUMBEROFPAGES', 'R') local total_percent = math.floor( ( ( args.count/num_total_pages ) * 100) + 0.5) if total_percent >= 1 then return_value = string.format('%s&#x20;pages, or roughly %s%% of all', return_value, total_percent) end end end return return_value end -- used by [[Template:Stub documentation]] and other pages -- count argument retained for backwards compatibility function p.num(frame, count) return p._num(getArgs(frame), count) end -- count argument retained for backwards compatibility function p._text(args, count) --[=[ Only show the information about how this template gets updated if someone is actually editing the page and maybe trying to update the count. ]=] local bot_text = (mw.getCurrentFrame():preprocess('{{REVISIONID}}') == '') and ("\n\n----\n'''Preview message''':" .. ' Transclusion count updated automatically ([[Template:High-use/doc#Technical details|see documentation]]).') or '' if count == nil then count = count_from_args(args) end args.count = count args.risk = risk_boolean(args) -- trim /doc, /sandbox and /testcases local title = args.title or (args.demo and args.demo ~= '' and mw.title.new(args.demo, 'Template')) or mw.title.getCurrentTitle() if title.subpageText == doc_word or title.subpageText == sandbox_word or title.subpageText == testcases_word then title = title.basePageTitle end -- use /testcases of base template local testcases_page = mw.title.new(title.prefixedText .. '/' .. testcases_word) -- exists is expensive while testcases_page.basePageTitle.isSubpage and not testcases_page.exists do testcases_page = mw.title.new(testcases_page.basePageTitle.basePageTitle.prefixedText .. '/' .. testcases_word) end local systemMessages = (args['system'] or '') ~= '' -- This retrieves the project URL automatically to simplify localization. local templateCount = ('on [https://linkcount.toolforge.org/?project=%s&page=%s#transclusions %s pages]'):format( title:fullUrl():gsub('//(.-)/.*', '%1'), mw.uri.encode(title.fullText), p._num(args)) local used_on_text = "'''This " .. (title:inNamespace('Module') and 'Lua module' or 'template') .. ' is used ' if systemMessages then used_on_text = used_on_text .. args['system'] .. ((args.count and args.count > 2000) and ("''', and " .. templateCount) or ("'''")) else used_on_text = used_on_text .. templateCount .. "'''" end local sandbox_text = ('%s\'s [[%s/sandbox|/sandbox]] or [[%s|/testcases]] subpages, or in your own [[%s]]. '):format( title:inNamespace('Module') and 'module' or 'template', title.fullText, testcases_page.fullText, title:inNamespace('Module') and (sandbox_module_page .. '|module sandbox') or (user_subpage_info_page .. '|user subpage') ) local infoArg = args['info'] ~= '' and args['info'] if (systemMessages or args.risk) then local info = '.' if systemMessages then info = info .. '<br />Changes to it can cause immediate changes to the ' .. mw.site.namespaces.Project.name .. ' user interface.' end if infoArg then info = info .. '<br />' .. infoArg end sandbox_text = info .. '<br /> To avoid major disruption' .. (args.count and args.count >= large_count_cutoff and ' and server load' or '') .. -- should this use args.risk? ', any changes should be tested in the ' .. sandbox_text .. 'The tested changes can be added to this page in a single edit. ' else sandbox_text = (infoArg and ('.<br />' .. infoArg .. ' C') or ' and c') .. 'hanges may be widely noticed. Test changes in the ' .. sandbox_text end local discussion_text = systemMessages and 'Please discuss changes ' or 'Consider discussing changes ' if args[2] ~= nil and args[2] ~= '' and yesno(args[2]) == nil then discussion_text = string.format('%sat [[%s]]', discussion_text, args[2]) else discussion_text = string.format('%son the [[%s|talk page]]', discussion_text, title.talkPageTitle.fullText) end return used_on_text .. sandbox_text .. discussion_text .. ' before implementing them.' .. bot_text end -- used by [[Template:R from high-use template]] -- count argument retained for backwards compatibility function p.text(frame, count) return p._text(getArgs(frame), count) end -- nocat argument retained for backwards compatibility function p._main(args, nocat) args.count = count_from_args(args) args.risk = risk_boolean(args) args.title = (args.demo and args.demo ~= '' and mw.title.new(args.demo, 'Template')) or mw.title.getCurrentTitle() local image = 'Ambox warning yellow.svg' local type_param = 'style' local epilogue = '' if args['system'] and args['system'] ~= '' then image = 'Ambox important.svg' type_param = 'content' if yesno(nocat or args['nocat']) ~= true and not args.title.isRedirect then local protection_action = (args.title:inNamespace('File') and 'upload') or 'edit' local protection_level = require('Module:Effective protection level')._main(protection_action, args.title.fullText) if protection_level ~= 'sysop' and protection_level ~= 'templateeditor' and protection_level ~= 'interfaceadmin' then epilogue = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate { title = 'sandbox other', args = { [2] = '[[Category:' .. system_messages_cat .. ']]' } } end end elseif args.risk then image = 'Ambox warning orange.svg' type_param = 'content' end image = '[[File:' .. image .. '|40px|alt=Warning|link=]]' if args['form'] == 'editnotice' then return mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{ title = 'editnotice', args = { ['image'] = image, ['text'] = p._text(args), ['expiry'] = (args['expiry'] or '') } } .. epilogue else return require('Module:Message box').main('ombox', { type = type_param, image = image, text = p._text(args), expiry = (args['expiry'] or '') }) .. epilogue end end function p.main(frame) return p._main(getArgs(frame)) end return p qkt57qdst1ol2kbo88d4jxkr0ibiuy4 Module:Transclusion count 828 9099 74299 28326 2025-08-11T22:36:46Z en>Pppery 0 Add protection level for top 400 rows 74299 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} function p._fetch(args) local template = nil local return_value = nil -- Use demo parameter if it exists, otherwise use current template name local namespace = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace if args["demo"] and args["demo"] ~= "" then template = mw.ustring.gsub(args["demo"],"^[Tt]emplate:","") elseif namespace == 10 then -- Template namespace template = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text elseif namespace == 828 then -- Module namespace template = (mw.site.namespaces[828].name .. ":" .. mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text) end -- If in template or module namespace, look up count in /data if template ~= nil then namespace = mw.title.new(template, "Template").namespace if namespace == 10 or namespace == 828 then template = mw.ustring.gsub(template, "/doc$", "") -- strip /doc from end template = mw.ustring.gsub(template, "/sandbox$", "") -- strip /sandbox from end local index = mw.ustring.sub(mw.title.new(template).text,1,1) local status, data = pcall(function () return(mw.loadData('Module:Transclusion_count/data/' .. (mw.ustring.find(index, "%a") and index or "other"))) end) if status then return_value = tonumber(data[mw.ustring.gsub(template, " ", "_")]) end end end -- If database value doesn't exist, use value passed to template if return_value == nil and args[1] ~= nil then local arg1=mw.ustring.match(args[1], '[%d,]+') if arg1 and arg1 ~= '' then return_value = tonumber(mw.getCurrentFrame():callParserFunction('formatnum', arg1, 'R')) end end return return_value end function p.fetch(frame) return p._fetch(frame.args) end -- Tabulate this data for [[Wikipedia:Database reports/Templates transcluded on the most pages]] function p.tabulate() local list = {} for i = 65, 91 do local data = mw.loadData('Module:Transclusion count/data/' .. ((i == 91) and 'other' or string.char(i))) for name, count in pairs(data) do local title = mw.title.new(name, "Template") table.insert(list, {title, count}) end end table.sort(list, function(a, b) return (a[2] == b[2]) and (a[1] < b[1]) or (a[2] > b[2]) end) local lang = mw.getContentLanguage(); for i = 1, #list do local protLevel = "" local title = list[i][1] if i < 400 then -- Stop at 400 to avoid breaching the expensive parser function call limit protLevel = title.protectionLevels.edit[1] or "(unprotected)" end list[i] = ('|-\n| %d || [[%s]] || %s || %s \n'):format(i, title.fullText:gsub('_', ' '), lang:formatNum(list[i][2]), protLevel) end return table.concat(list) end return p gbl6ss0edudar6ja2191jv0zv8o86gv 74300 74299 2026-09-09T16:22:18Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Module:Transclusion_count]]: Importing Orphan Template 74299 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} function p._fetch(args) local template = nil local return_value = nil -- Use demo parameter if it exists, otherwise use current template name local namespace = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace if args["demo"] and args["demo"] ~= "" then template = mw.ustring.gsub(args["demo"],"^[Tt]emplate:","") elseif namespace == 10 then -- Template namespace template = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text elseif namespace == 828 then -- Module namespace template = (mw.site.namespaces[828].name .. ":" .. mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text) end -- If in template or module namespace, look up count in /data if template ~= nil then namespace = mw.title.new(template, "Template").namespace if namespace == 10 or namespace == 828 then template = mw.ustring.gsub(template, "/doc$", "") -- strip /doc from end template = mw.ustring.gsub(template, "/sandbox$", "") -- strip /sandbox from end local index = mw.ustring.sub(mw.title.new(template).text,1,1) local status, data = pcall(function () return(mw.loadData('Module:Transclusion_count/data/' .. (mw.ustring.find(index, "%a") and index or "other"))) end) if status then return_value = tonumber(data[mw.ustring.gsub(template, " ", "_")]) end end end -- If database value doesn't exist, use value passed to template if return_value == nil and args[1] ~= nil then local arg1=mw.ustring.match(args[1], '[%d,]+') if arg1 and arg1 ~= '' then return_value = tonumber(mw.getCurrentFrame():callParserFunction('formatnum', arg1, 'R')) end end return return_value end function p.fetch(frame) return p._fetch(frame.args) end -- Tabulate this data for [[Wikipedia:Database reports/Templates transcluded on the most pages]] function p.tabulate() local list = {} for i = 65, 91 do local data = mw.loadData('Module:Transclusion count/data/' .. ((i == 91) and 'other' or string.char(i))) for name, count in pairs(data) do local title = mw.title.new(name, "Template") table.insert(list, {title, count}) end end table.sort(list, function(a, b) return (a[2] == b[2]) and (a[1] < b[1]) or (a[2] > b[2]) end) local lang = mw.getContentLanguage(); for i = 1, #list do local protLevel = "" local title = list[i][1] if i < 400 then -- Stop at 400 to avoid breaching the expensive parser function call limit protLevel = title.protectionLevels.edit[1] or "(unprotected)" end list[i] = ('|-\n| %d || [[%s]] || %s || %s \n'):format(i, title.fullText:gsub('_', ' '), lang:formatNum(list[i][2]), protLevel) end return table.concat(list) end return p gbl6ss0edudar6ja2191jv0zv8o86gv Module:Documentation 828 9112 74277 36318 2026-06-18T22:38:35Z en>Stjn 0 as a hotfix for [[phab:T268900]] issue, feel free to replace with some solution restoring separate [] at a later point if needed 74277 Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements {{documentation}}. -- Get required modules. local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs -- Get the config table. local cfg = mw.loadData('Module:Documentation/config') local p = {} -- Often-used functions. local ugsub = mw.ustring.gsub local format = mw.ustring.format ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Helper functions -- -- These are defined as local functions, but are made available in the p -- table for testing purposes. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function message(cfgKey, valArray, expectType) --[[ -- Gets a message from the cfg table and formats it if appropriate. -- The function raises an error if the value from the cfg table is not -- of the type expectType. The default type for expectType is 'string'. -- If the table valArray is present, strings such as $1, $2 etc. in the -- message are substituted with values from the table keys [1], [2] etc. -- For example, if the message "foo-message" had the value 'Foo $2 bar $1.', -- message('foo-message', {'baz', 'qux'}) would return "Foo qux bar baz." --]] local msg = cfg[cfgKey] expectType = expectType or 'string' if type(msg) ~= expectType then error('message: type error in message cfg.' .. cfgKey .. ' (' .. expectType .. ' expected, got ' .. type(msg) .. ')', 2) end if not valArray then return msg end local function getMessageVal(match) match = tonumber(match) return valArray[match] or error('message: no value found for key $' .. match .. ' in message cfg.' .. cfgKey, 4) end return ugsub(msg, '$([1-9][0-9]*)', getMessageVal) end p.message = message local function makeWikilink(page, display) if display then return format('[[%s|%s]]', page, display) else return format('[[%s]]', page) end end p.makeWikilink = makeWikilink local function makeCategoryLink(cat, sort) local catns = mw.site.namespaces[14].name return makeWikilink(catns .. ':' .. cat, sort) end p.makeCategoryLink = makeCategoryLink local function makeUrlLink(url, display) return format('[%s %s]', url, display) end p.makeUrlLink = makeUrlLink local function makeToolbar(...) local ret = {} local lim = select('#', ...) if lim < 1 then return nil end for i = 1, lim do ret[#ret + 1] = select(i, ...) end -- 'documentation-toolbar' return format( '<span class="%s">(%s)</span>', message('toolbar-class'), table.concat(ret, ' &#124; ') ) end p.makeToolbar = makeToolbar ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Argument processing ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function makeInvokeFunc(funcName) return function (frame) local args = getArgs(frame, { valueFunc = function (key, value) if type(value) == 'string' then value = value:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') -- Remove whitespace. if key == 'heading' or value ~= '' then return value else return nil end else return value end end }) return p[funcName](args) end end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Entry points ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- function p.nonexistent(frame) if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText == 'testcases' then return frame:expandTemplate{title = 'module test cases notice'} else return p.main(frame) end end p.main = makeInvokeFunc('_main') function p._main(args) --[[ -- This function defines logic flow for the module. -- @args - table of arguments passed by the user --]] local env = p.getEnvironment(args) local root = mw.html.create() root :wikitext(p._getModuleWikitext(args, env)) :wikitext(p.protectionTemplate(env)) :wikitext(p.sandboxNotice(args, env)) :tag('div') -- 'documentation-container' :addClass(message('container')) :attr('role', 'complementary') :attr('aria-labelledby', args.heading ~= '' and 'documentation-heading' or nil) :attr('aria-label', args.heading == '' and 'Documentation' or nil) :newline() :tag('div') -- 'documentation' :addClass(message('main-div-classes')) :newline() :wikitext(p._startBox(args, env)) :wikitext(p._content(args, env)) :tag('div') -- 'documentation-clear' :addClass(message('clear')) :done() :newline() :done() :wikitext(p._endBox(args, env)) :done() :wikitext(p.addTrackingCategories(env)) -- 'Module:Documentation/styles.css' return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag ( 'templatestyles', '', {src=cfg['templatestyles'] }) .. tostring(root) end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Environment settings ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- function p.getEnvironment(args) --[[ -- Returns a table with information about the environment, including title -- objects and other namespace- or path-related data. -- @args - table of arguments passed by the user -- -- Title objects include: -- env.title - the page we are making documentation for (usually the current title) -- env.templateTitle - the template (or module, file, etc.) -- env.docTitle - the /doc subpage. -- env.sandboxTitle - the /sandbox subpage. -- env.testcasesTitle - the /testcases subpage. -- -- Data includes: -- env.protectionLevels - the protection levels table of the title object. -- env.subjectSpace - the number of the title's subject namespace. -- env.docSpace - the number of the namespace the title puts its documentation in. -- env.docpageBase - the text of the base page of the /doc, /sandbox and /testcases pages, with namespace. -- env.compareUrl - URL of the Special:ComparePages page comparing the sandbox with the template. -- -- All table lookups are passed through pcall so that errors are caught. If an error occurs, the value -- returned will be nil. --]] local env, envFuncs = {}, {} -- Set up the metatable. If triggered we call the corresponding function in the envFuncs table. The value -- returned by that function is memoized in the env table so that we don't call any of the functions -- more than once. (Nils won't be memoized.) setmetatable(env, { __index = function (t, key) local envFunc = envFuncs[key] if envFunc then local success, val = pcall(envFunc) if success then env[key] = val -- Memoise the value. return val end end return nil end }) function envFuncs.title() -- The title object for the current page, or a test page passed with args.page. local title local titleArg = args.page if titleArg then title = mw.title.new(titleArg) else title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() end return title end function envFuncs.templateTitle() --[[ -- The template (or module, etc.) title object. -- Messages: -- 'sandbox-subpage' --> 'sandbox' -- 'testcases-subpage' --> 'testcases' --]] local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace local title = env.title local subpage = title.subpageText if subpage == message('sandbox-subpage') or subpage == message('testcases-subpage') or (subpage == message('doc-subpage') and mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == env.docSpace) then return mw.title.makeTitle(subjectSpace, title.baseText) else return mw.title.makeTitle(subjectSpace, title.text) end end function envFuncs.docTitle() --[[ -- Title object of the /doc subpage. -- Messages: -- 'doc-subpage' --> 'doc' --]] local title = env.title local docname = args[1] -- User-specified doc page. local docpage if docname then docpage = docname else docpage = env.docpageBase .. '/' .. message('doc-subpage') end return mw.title.new(docpage) end function envFuncs.sandboxTitle() --[[ -- Title object for the /sandbox subpage. -- Messages: -- 'sandbox-subpage' --> 'sandbox' --]] return mw.title.new(env.docpageBase .. '/' .. message('sandbox-subpage')) end function envFuncs.testcasesTitle() --[[ -- Title object for the /testcases subpage. -- Messages: -- 'testcases-subpage' --> 'testcases' --]] return mw.title.new(env.docpageBase .. '/' .. message('testcases-subpage')) end function envFuncs.protectionLevels() -- The protection levels table of the title object. return env.title.protectionLevels end function envFuncs.subjectSpace() -- The subject namespace number. return mw.site.namespaces[env.title.namespace].subject.id end function envFuncs.docSpace() -- The documentation namespace number. For most namespaces this is the -- same as the subject namespace. However, pages in the Article, File, -- MediaWiki or Category namespaces must have their /doc, /sandbox and -- /testcases pages in talk space. local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace if subjectSpace == 0 or subjectSpace == 6 or subjectSpace == 8 or subjectSpace == 14 then return subjectSpace + 1 else return subjectSpace end end function envFuncs.docpageBase() -- The base page of the /doc, /sandbox, and /testcases subpages. -- For some namespaces this is the talk page, rather than the template page. local templateTitle = env.templateTitle local docSpace = env.docSpace local docSpaceText = mw.site.namespaces[docSpace].name -- Assemble the link. docSpace is never the main namespace, so we can hardcode the colon. return docSpaceText .. ':' .. templateTitle.text end function envFuncs.compareUrl() -- Diff link between the sandbox and the main template using [[Special:ComparePages]]. local templateTitle = env.templateTitle local sandboxTitle = env.sandboxTitle if templateTitle.exists and sandboxTitle.exists then local compareUrl = mw.uri.canonicalUrl( 'Special:ComparePages', { page1 = templateTitle.prefixedText, page2 = sandboxTitle.prefixedText} ) return tostring(compareUrl) else return nil end end return env end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Auxiliary templates ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getModuleWikitext = makeInvokeFunc('_getModuleWikitext') function p._getModuleWikitext(args, env) local currentTitle = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() if currentTitle.contentModel ~= 'Scribunto' then return end pcall(require, currentTitle.prefixedText) -- if it fails, we don't care local moduleWikitext = package.loaded["Module:Module wikitext"] if moduleWikitext then return moduleWikitext.main() end end function p.sandboxNotice(args, env) --[=[ -- Generates a sandbox notice for display above sandbox pages. -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- -- Messages: -- 'sandbox-notice-image' --> '[[File:Sandbox.svg|50px|alt=|link=]]' -- 'sandbox-notice-blurb' --> 'This is the $1 for $2.' -- 'sandbox-notice-diff-blurb' --> 'This is the $1 for $2 ($3).' -- 'sandbox-notice-pagetype-template' --> '[[Wikipedia:Template test cases|template sandbox]] page' -- 'sandbox-notice-pagetype-module' --> '[[Wikipedia:Template test cases|module sandbox]] page' -- 'sandbox-notice-pagetype-other' --> 'sandbox page' -- 'sandbox-notice-compare-link-display' --> 'diff' -- 'sandbox-notice-testcases-blurb' --> 'See also the companion subpage for $1.' -- 'sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display' --> 'test cases' -- 'sandbox-category' --> 'Template sandboxes' -- 'module-sandbox-category' --> 'Module sandboxes' -- 'other-sandbox-category' --> 'Sandboxes outside of template or module namespace' --]=] local title = env.title local sandboxTitle = env.sandboxTitle local templateTitle = env.templateTitle local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace if not (subjectSpace and title and sandboxTitle and templateTitle and mw.title.equals(title, sandboxTitle)) then return nil end -- Build the table of arguments to pass to {{ombox}}. We need just two fields, "image" and "text". local omargs = {} omargs.image = message('sandbox-notice-image') -- Get the text. We start with the opening blurb, which is something like -- "This is the template sandbox for [[Template:Foo]] (diff)." local text = '__EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE__' local pagetype, sandboxCat if subjectSpace == 10 then pagetype = message('sandbox-notice-pagetype-template') sandboxCat = message('sandbox-category') elseif subjectSpace == 828 then pagetype = message('sandbox-notice-pagetype-module') sandboxCat = message('module-sandbox-category') else pagetype = message('sandbox-notice-pagetype-other') sandboxCat = message('other-sandbox-category') end local templateLink = makeWikilink(templateTitle.prefixedText) local compareUrl = env.compareUrl if compareUrl then local compareDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-compare-link-display') local compareLink = makeUrlLink(compareUrl, compareDisplay) text = text .. message('sandbox-notice-diff-blurb', {pagetype, templateLink, compareLink}) else text = text .. message('sandbox-notice-blurb', {pagetype, templateLink}) end -- Get the test cases page blurb if the page exists. This is something like -- "See also the companion subpage for [[Template:Foo/testcases|test cases]]." local testcasesTitle = env.testcasesTitle if testcasesTitle and testcasesTitle.exists then if testcasesTitle.contentModel == "Scribunto" then local testcasesLinkDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display') local testcasesRunLinkDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-testcases-run-link-display') local testcasesLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.prefixedText, testcasesLinkDisplay) local testcasesRunLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle.prefixedText, testcasesRunLinkDisplay) text = text .. '<br />' .. message('sandbox-notice-testcases-run-blurb', {testcasesLink, testcasesRunLink}) else local testcasesLinkDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display') local testcasesLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.prefixedText, testcasesLinkDisplay) text = text .. '<br />' .. message('sandbox-notice-testcases-blurb', {testcasesLink}) end end -- Add the sandbox to the sandbox category. omargs.text = text .. makeCategoryLink(sandboxCat) -- 'documentation-clear' return '<div class="' .. message('clear') .. '"></div>' .. require('Module:Message box').main('ombox', omargs) end function p.protectionTemplate(env) -- Generates the padlock icon in the top right. -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- Messages: -- 'protection-template' --> 'pp-template' -- 'protection-template-args' --> {docusage = 'yes'} local protectionLevels = env.protectionLevels if not protectionLevels then return nil end local editProt = protectionLevels.edit and protectionLevels.edit[1] local moveProt = protectionLevels.move and protectionLevels.move[1] if editProt then -- The page is edit-protected. return require('Module:Protection banner')._main{ message('protection-reason-edit'), small = true } elseif moveProt and moveProt ~= 'autoconfirmed' then -- The page is move-protected but not edit-protected. Exclude move -- protection with the level "autoconfirmed", as this is equivalent to -- no move protection at all. return require('Module:Protection banner')._main{ action = 'move', small = true } else return nil end end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Start box ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.startBox = makeInvokeFunc('_startBox') function p._startBox(args, env) --[[ -- This function generates the start box. -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- -- The actual work is done by p.makeStartBoxLinksData and p.renderStartBoxLinks which make -- the [view] [edit] [history] [purge] links, and by p.makeStartBoxData and p.renderStartBox -- which generate the box HTML. --]] env = env or p.getEnvironment(args) local links local content = args.content if not content or args[1] then -- No need to include the links if the documentation is on the template page itself. local linksData = p.makeStartBoxLinksData(args, env) if linksData then links = p.renderStartBoxLinks(linksData) end end -- Generate the start box html. local data = p.makeStartBoxData(args, env, links) if data then return p.renderStartBox(data) else -- User specified no heading. return nil end end function p.makeStartBoxLinksData(args, env) --[[ -- Does initial processing of data to make the [view] [edit] [history] [purge] links. -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- -- Messages: -- 'view-link-display' --> 'view' -- 'edit-link-display' --> 'edit' -- 'history-link-display' --> 'history' -- 'purge-link-display' --> 'purge' -- 'module-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-doc' -- 'docpage-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload' -- 'create-link-display' --> 'create' --]] local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace local title = env.title local docTitle = env.docTitle if not title or not docTitle then return nil end if docTitle.isRedirect then docTitle = docTitle.redirectTarget end -- Create link if /doc doesn't exist. local preload = args.preload if not preload then if subjectSpace == 828 then -- Module namespace preload = message('module-preload') else preload = message('docpage-preload') end end return { title = title, docTitle = docTitle, -- View, display, edit, and purge links if /doc exists. viewLinkDisplay = message('view-link-display'), editLinkDisplay = message('edit-link-display'), historyLinkDisplay = message('history-link-display'), purgeLinkDisplay = message('purge-link-display'), preload = preload, createLinkDisplay = message('create-link-display') } end function p.renderStartBoxLinks(data) --[[ -- Generates the [view][edit][history][purge] or [create][purge] links from the data table. -- @data - a table of data generated by p.makeStartBoxLinksData --]] local docTitle = data.docTitle -- yes, we do intend to purge the template page on which the documentation appears local purgeLink = makeWikilink("Special:Purge/" .. data.title.prefixedText, data.purgeLinkDisplay) if docTitle.exists then local viewLink = makeWikilink(docTitle.prefixedText, data.viewLinkDisplay) local editLink = makeWikilink("Special:EditPage/" .. docTitle.prefixedText, data.editLinkDisplay) local historyLink = makeWikilink("Special:PageHistory/" .. docTitle.prefixedText, data.historyLinkDisplay) return viewLink .. editLink .. historyLink .. purgeLink else local createLink = makeUrlLink(docTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = data.preload}, data.createLinkDisplay) return createLink .. purgeLink end return ret end function p.makeStartBoxData(args, env, links) --[=[ -- Does initial processing of data to pass to the start-box render function, p.renderStartBox. -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- @links - a string containing the [view][edit][history][purge] links - could be nil if there's an error. -- -- Messages: -- 'documentation-icon-wikitext' --> '[[File:Test Template Info-Icon - Version (2).svg|50px|link=|alt=]]' -- 'template-namespace-heading' --> 'Template documentation' -- 'module-namespace-heading' --> 'Module documentation' -- 'file-namespace-heading' --> 'Summary' -- 'other-namespaces-heading' --> 'Documentation' -- 'testcases-create-link-display' --> 'create' --]=] local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace if not subjectSpace then -- Default to an "other namespaces" namespace, so that we get at least some output -- if an error occurs. subjectSpace = 2 end local data = {} -- Heading local heading = args.heading -- Blank values are not removed. if heading == '' then -- Don't display the start box if the heading arg is defined but blank. return nil end if heading then data.heading = heading elseif subjectSpace == 10 then -- Template namespace data.heading = message('documentation-icon-wikitext') .. ' ' .. message('template-namespace-heading') elseif subjectSpace == 828 then -- Module namespace data.heading = message('documentation-icon-wikitext') .. ' ' .. message('module-namespace-heading') elseif subjectSpace == 6 then -- File namespace data.heading = message('file-namespace-heading') else data.heading = message('other-namespaces-heading') end -- Heading CSS local headingStyle = args['heading-style'] if headingStyle then data.headingStyleText = headingStyle else -- 'documentation-heading' data.headingClass = message('main-div-heading-class') end -- Data for the [view][edit][history][purge] or [create] links. if links then -- 'mw-editsection-like plainlinks' data.linksClass = message('start-box-link-classes') data.links = links end return data end function p.renderStartBox(data) -- Renders the start box html. -- @data - a table of data generated by p.makeStartBoxData. local sbox = mw.html.create('div') sbox -- 'documentation-startbox' :addClass(message('start-box-class')) :newline() :tag('span') :addClass(data.headingClass) :attr('id', 'documentation-heading') :cssText(data.headingStyleText) :wikitext(data.heading) local links = data.links if links then sbox:tag('span') :addClass(data.linksClass) :attr('id', data.linksId) :wikitext(links) end return tostring(sbox) end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Documentation content ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.content = makeInvokeFunc('_content') function p._content(args, env) -- Displays the documentation contents -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment env = env or p.getEnvironment(args) local docTitle = env.docTitle local content = args.content if not content and docTitle and docTitle.exists then content = args._content or mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title = docTitle.prefixedText} end -- The line breaks below are necessary so that "=== Headings ===" at the start and end -- of docs are interpreted correctly. return '\n' .. (content or '') .. '\n' end p.contentTitle = makeInvokeFunc('_contentTitle') function p._contentTitle(args, env) env = env or p.getEnvironment(args) local docTitle = env.docTitle if not args.content and docTitle and docTitle.exists then return docTitle.prefixedText else return '' end end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- End box ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.endBox = makeInvokeFunc('_endBox') function p._endBox(args, env) --[=[ -- This function generates the end box (also known as the link box). -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- --]=] -- Get environment data. env = env or p.getEnvironment(args) local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace local docTitle = env.docTitle if not subjectSpace or not docTitle then return nil end -- Check whether we should output the end box at all. Add the end -- box by default if the documentation exists or if we are in the -- user, module or template namespaces. local linkBox = args['link box'] if linkBox == 'off' or not ( docTitle.exists or subjectSpace == 2 or subjectSpace == 828 or subjectSpace == 10 ) then return nil end -- Assemble the link box. local text = '' if linkBox then text = text .. linkBox else text = text .. (p.makeDocPageBlurb(args, env) or '') -- "This documentation is transcluded from [[Foo]]." if subjectSpace == 2 or subjectSpace == 10 or subjectSpace == 828 then -- We are in the user, template or module namespaces. -- Add sandbox and testcases links. -- "Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox and testcases pages." text = text .. (p.makeExperimentBlurb(args, env) or '') .. '<br />' if not args.content and not args[1] then -- "Please add categories to the /doc subpage." -- Don't show this message with inline docs or with an explicitly specified doc page, -- as then it is unclear where to add the categories. text = text .. (p.makeCategoriesBlurb(args, env) or '') end text = text .. ' ' .. (p.makeSubpagesBlurb(args, env) or '') --"Subpages of this template" end end local box = mw.html.create('div') -- 'documentation-metadata' box:attr('role', 'note') :addClass(message('end-box-class')) -- 'plainlinks' :addClass(message('end-box-plainlinks')) :wikitext(text) :done() return '\n' .. tostring(box) end function p.makeDocPageBlurb(args, env) --[=[ -- Makes the blurb "This documentation is transcluded from [[Template:Foo]] (edit, history)". -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- -- Messages: -- 'edit-link-display' --> 'edit' -- 'history-link-display' --> 'history' -- 'transcluded-from-blurb' --> -- 'The above [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|documentation]] -- is [[Help:Transclusion|transcluded]] from $1.' -- 'module-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-doc' -- 'create-link-display' --> 'create' -- 'create-module-doc-blurb' --> -- 'You might want to $1 a documentation page for this [[Wikipedia:Lua|Scribunto module]].' --]=] local docTitle = env.docTitle if not docTitle then return nil end if docTitle.exists then -- /doc exists; link to it. local docLink = makeWikilink(docTitle.prefixedText) local editDisplay = message('edit-link-display') local editLink = makeWikilink("Special:EditPage/" .. docTitle.prefixedText, editDisplay) local historyDisplay = message('history-link-display') local historyLink = makeWikilink("Special:PageHistory/" .. docTitle.prefixedText, historyDisplay) return message('transcluded-from-blurb', {docLink}) .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(editLink, historyLink) .. '<br />' elseif env.subjectSpace == 828 then -- /doc does not exist; ask to create it. local createUrl = docTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = message('module-preload')} local createDisplay = message('create-link-display') local createLink = makeUrlLink(createUrl, createDisplay) return message('create-module-doc-blurb', {createLink}) .. '<br />' end end function p.makeExperimentBlurb(args, env) --[[ -- Renders the text "Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox (edit | diff) and testcases (edit) pages." -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- -- Messages: -- 'sandbox-link-display' --> 'sandbox' -- 'sandbox-edit-link-display' --> 'edit' -- 'compare-link-display' --> 'diff' -- 'module-sandbox-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-sandbox' -- 'template-sandbox-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-sandbox' -- 'sandbox-create-link-display' --> 'create' -- 'mirror-edit-summary' --> 'Create sandbox version of $1' -- 'mirror-link-display' --> 'mirror' -- 'mirror-link-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/mirror' -- 'sandbox-link-display' --> 'sandbox' -- 'testcases-link-display' --> 'testcases' -- 'testcases-edit-link-display'--> 'edit' -- 'template-sandbox-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-sandbox' -- 'testcases-create-link-display' --> 'create' -- 'testcases-link-display' --> 'testcases' -- 'testcases-edit-link-display' --> 'edit' -- 'module-testcases-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-testcases' -- 'template-testcases-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-testcases' -- 'experiment-blurb-module' --> 'Editors can experiment in this module's $1 and $2 pages.' -- 'experiment-blurb-template' --> 'Editors can experiment in this template's $1 and $2 pages.' --]] local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace local templateTitle = env.templateTitle local sandboxTitle = env.sandboxTitle local testcasesTitle = env.testcasesTitle local templatePage = templateTitle.prefixedText if not subjectSpace or not templateTitle or not sandboxTitle or not testcasesTitle then return nil end -- Make links. local sandboxLinks, testcasesLinks if sandboxTitle.exists then local sandboxPage = sandboxTitle.prefixedText local sandboxDisplay = message('sandbox-link-display') local sandboxLink = makeWikilink(sandboxPage, sandboxDisplay) local sandboxEditDisplay = message('sandbox-edit-link-display') local sandboxEditLink = makeWikilink("Special:EditPage/" .. sandboxPage, sandboxEditDisplay) local compareUrl = env.compareUrl local compareLink if compareUrl then local compareDisplay = message('compare-link-display') compareLink = makeUrlLink(compareUrl, compareDisplay) end sandboxLinks = sandboxLink .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(sandboxEditLink, compareLink) else local sandboxPreload if subjectSpace == 828 then sandboxPreload = message('module-sandbox-preload') else sandboxPreload = message('template-sandbox-preload') end local sandboxCreateUrl = sandboxTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = sandboxPreload} local sandboxCreateDisplay = message('sandbox-create-link-display') local sandboxCreateLink = makeUrlLink(sandboxCreateUrl, sandboxCreateDisplay) local mirrorSummary = message('mirror-edit-summary', {makeWikilink(templatePage)}) local mirrorPreload = message('mirror-link-preload') local mirrorUrl = sandboxTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = mirrorPreload, summary = mirrorSummary} if subjectSpace == 828 then mirrorUrl = sandboxTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = templateTitle.prefixedText, summary = mirrorSummary} end local mirrorDisplay = message('mirror-link-display') local mirrorLink = makeUrlLink(mirrorUrl, mirrorDisplay) sandboxLinks = message('sandbox-link-display') .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(sandboxCreateLink, mirrorLink) end if testcasesTitle.exists then local testcasesPage = testcasesTitle.prefixedText local testcasesDisplay = message('testcases-link-display') local testcasesLink = makeWikilink(testcasesPage, testcasesDisplay) local testcasesEditUrl = testcasesTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit'} local testcasesEditDisplay = message('testcases-edit-link-display') local testcasesEditLink = makeWikilink("Special:EditPage/" .. testcasesPage, testcasesEditDisplay) -- for Modules, add testcases run link if exists if testcasesTitle.contentModel == "Scribunto" and testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle and testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle.exists then local testcasesRunLinkDisplay = message('testcases-run-link-display') local testcasesRunLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle.prefixedText, testcasesRunLinkDisplay) testcasesLinks = testcasesLink .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(testcasesEditLink, testcasesRunLink) else testcasesLinks = testcasesLink .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(testcasesEditLink) end else local testcasesPreload if subjectSpace == 828 then testcasesPreload = message('module-testcases-preload') else testcasesPreload = message('template-testcases-preload') end local testcasesCreateUrl = testcasesTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = testcasesPreload} local testcasesCreateDisplay = message('testcases-create-link-display') local testcasesCreateLink = makeUrlLink(testcasesCreateUrl, testcasesCreateDisplay) testcasesLinks = message('testcases-link-display') .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(testcasesCreateLink) end local messageName if subjectSpace == 828 then messageName = 'experiment-blurb-module' else messageName = 'experiment-blurb-template' end return message(messageName, {sandboxLinks, testcasesLinks}) end function p.makeCategoriesBlurb(args, env) --[[ -- Generates the text "Please add categories to the /doc subpage." -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- Messages: -- 'doc-link-display' --> '/doc' -- 'add-categories-blurb' --> 'Please add categories to the $1 subpage.' --]] local docTitle = env.docTitle if not docTitle then return nil end local docPathLink = makeWikilink(docTitle.prefixedText, message('doc-link-display')) return message('add-categories-blurb', {docPathLink}) end function p.makeSubpagesBlurb(args, env) --[[ -- Generates the "Subpages of this template" link. -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- Messages: -- 'template-pagetype' --> 'template' -- 'module-pagetype' --> 'module' -- 'default-pagetype' --> 'page' -- 'subpages-link-display' --> 'Subpages of this $1' --]] local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace local templateTitle = env.templateTitle if not subjectSpace or not templateTitle then return nil end local pagetype if subjectSpace == 10 then pagetype = message('template-pagetype') elseif subjectSpace == 828 then pagetype = message('module-pagetype') else pagetype = message('default-pagetype') end local subpagesLink = makeWikilink( 'Special:PrefixIndex/' .. templateTitle.prefixedText .. '/', message('subpages-link-display', {pagetype}) ) return message('subpages-blurb', {subpagesLink}) end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Tracking categories ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- function p.addTrackingCategories(env) --[[ -- Check if {{documentation}} is transcluded on a /doc or /testcases page. -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- Messages: -- 'display-strange-usage-category' --> true -- 'doc-subpage' --> 'doc' -- 'testcases-subpage' --> 'testcases' -- 'strange-usage-category' --> 'Wikipedia pages with strange ((documentation)) usage' -- -- /testcases pages in the module namespace are not categorised, as they may have -- {{documentation}} transcluded automatically. --]] local title = env.title local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace if not title or not subjectSpace then return nil end local subpage = title.subpageText if message('display-strange-usage-category', nil, 'boolean') and ( subpage == message('doc-subpage') or subjectSpace ~= 828 and subpage == message('testcases-subpage') ) then return makeCategoryLink(message('strange-usage-category')) end return '' end return p bo74oekmmsj1xtpw7dlzkvkhc0k05g6 74278 74277 2026-09-09T16:22:16Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Module:Documentation]]: Importing Orphan Template 74277 Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements {{documentation}}. -- Get required modules. local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs -- Get the config table. local cfg = mw.loadData('Module:Documentation/config') local p = {} -- Often-used functions. local ugsub = mw.ustring.gsub local format = mw.ustring.format ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Helper functions -- -- These are defined as local functions, but are made available in the p -- table for testing purposes. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function message(cfgKey, valArray, expectType) --[[ -- Gets a message from the cfg table and formats it if appropriate. -- The function raises an error if the value from the cfg table is not -- of the type expectType. The default type for expectType is 'string'. -- If the table valArray is present, strings such as $1, $2 etc. in the -- message are substituted with values from the table keys [1], [2] etc. -- For example, if the message "foo-message" had the value 'Foo $2 bar $1.', -- message('foo-message', {'baz', 'qux'}) would return "Foo qux bar baz." --]] local msg = cfg[cfgKey] expectType = expectType or 'string' if type(msg) ~= expectType then error('message: type error in message cfg.' .. cfgKey .. ' (' .. expectType .. ' expected, got ' .. type(msg) .. ')', 2) end if not valArray then return msg end local function getMessageVal(match) match = tonumber(match) return valArray[match] or error('message: no value found for key $' .. match .. ' in message cfg.' .. cfgKey, 4) end return ugsub(msg, '$([1-9][0-9]*)', getMessageVal) end p.message = message local function makeWikilink(page, display) if display then return format('[[%s|%s]]', page, display) else return format('[[%s]]', page) end end p.makeWikilink = makeWikilink local function makeCategoryLink(cat, sort) local catns = mw.site.namespaces[14].name return makeWikilink(catns .. ':' .. cat, sort) end p.makeCategoryLink = makeCategoryLink local function makeUrlLink(url, display) return format('[%s %s]', url, display) end p.makeUrlLink = makeUrlLink local function makeToolbar(...) local ret = {} local lim = select('#', ...) if lim < 1 then return nil end for i = 1, lim do ret[#ret + 1] = select(i, ...) end -- 'documentation-toolbar' return format( '<span class="%s">(%s)</span>', message('toolbar-class'), table.concat(ret, ' &#124; ') ) end p.makeToolbar = makeToolbar ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Argument processing ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function makeInvokeFunc(funcName) return function (frame) local args = getArgs(frame, { valueFunc = function (key, value) if type(value) == 'string' then value = value:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') -- Remove whitespace. if key == 'heading' or value ~= '' then return value else return nil end else return value end end }) return p[funcName](args) end end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Entry points ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- function p.nonexistent(frame) if mw.title.getCurrentTitle().subpageText == 'testcases' then return frame:expandTemplate{title = 'module test cases notice'} else return p.main(frame) end end p.main = makeInvokeFunc('_main') function p._main(args) --[[ -- This function defines logic flow for the module. -- @args - table of arguments passed by the user --]] local env = p.getEnvironment(args) local root = mw.html.create() root :wikitext(p._getModuleWikitext(args, env)) :wikitext(p.protectionTemplate(env)) :wikitext(p.sandboxNotice(args, env)) :tag('div') -- 'documentation-container' :addClass(message('container')) :attr('role', 'complementary') :attr('aria-labelledby', args.heading ~= '' and 'documentation-heading' or nil) :attr('aria-label', args.heading == '' and 'Documentation' or nil) :newline() :tag('div') -- 'documentation' :addClass(message('main-div-classes')) :newline() :wikitext(p._startBox(args, env)) :wikitext(p._content(args, env)) :tag('div') -- 'documentation-clear' :addClass(message('clear')) :done() :newline() :done() :wikitext(p._endBox(args, env)) :done() :wikitext(p.addTrackingCategories(env)) -- 'Module:Documentation/styles.css' return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag ( 'templatestyles', '', {src=cfg['templatestyles'] }) .. tostring(root) end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Environment settings ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- function p.getEnvironment(args) --[[ -- Returns a table with information about the environment, including title -- objects and other namespace- or path-related data. -- @args - table of arguments passed by the user -- -- Title objects include: -- env.title - the page we are making documentation for (usually the current title) -- env.templateTitle - the template (or module, file, etc.) -- env.docTitle - the /doc subpage. -- env.sandboxTitle - the /sandbox subpage. -- env.testcasesTitle - the /testcases subpage. -- -- Data includes: -- env.protectionLevels - the protection levels table of the title object. -- env.subjectSpace - the number of the title's subject namespace. -- env.docSpace - the number of the namespace the title puts its documentation in. -- env.docpageBase - the text of the base page of the /doc, /sandbox and /testcases pages, with namespace. -- env.compareUrl - URL of the Special:ComparePages page comparing the sandbox with the template. -- -- All table lookups are passed through pcall so that errors are caught. If an error occurs, the value -- returned will be nil. --]] local env, envFuncs = {}, {} -- Set up the metatable. If triggered we call the corresponding function in the envFuncs table. The value -- returned by that function is memoized in the env table so that we don't call any of the functions -- more than once. (Nils won't be memoized.) setmetatable(env, { __index = function (t, key) local envFunc = envFuncs[key] if envFunc then local success, val = pcall(envFunc) if success then env[key] = val -- Memoise the value. return val end end return nil end }) function envFuncs.title() -- The title object for the current page, or a test page passed with args.page. local title local titleArg = args.page if titleArg then title = mw.title.new(titleArg) else title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() end return title end function envFuncs.templateTitle() --[[ -- The template (or module, etc.) title object. -- Messages: -- 'sandbox-subpage' --> 'sandbox' -- 'testcases-subpage' --> 'testcases' --]] local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace local title = env.title local subpage = title.subpageText if subpage == message('sandbox-subpage') or subpage == message('testcases-subpage') or (subpage == message('doc-subpage') and mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace == env.docSpace) then return mw.title.makeTitle(subjectSpace, title.baseText) else return mw.title.makeTitle(subjectSpace, title.text) end end function envFuncs.docTitle() --[[ -- Title object of the /doc subpage. -- Messages: -- 'doc-subpage' --> 'doc' --]] local title = env.title local docname = args[1] -- User-specified doc page. local docpage if docname then docpage = docname else docpage = env.docpageBase .. '/' .. message('doc-subpage') end return mw.title.new(docpage) end function envFuncs.sandboxTitle() --[[ -- Title object for the /sandbox subpage. -- Messages: -- 'sandbox-subpage' --> 'sandbox' --]] return mw.title.new(env.docpageBase .. '/' .. message('sandbox-subpage')) end function envFuncs.testcasesTitle() --[[ -- Title object for the /testcases subpage. -- Messages: -- 'testcases-subpage' --> 'testcases' --]] return mw.title.new(env.docpageBase .. '/' .. message('testcases-subpage')) end function envFuncs.protectionLevels() -- The protection levels table of the title object. return env.title.protectionLevels end function envFuncs.subjectSpace() -- The subject namespace number. return mw.site.namespaces[env.title.namespace].subject.id end function envFuncs.docSpace() -- The documentation namespace number. For most namespaces this is the -- same as the subject namespace. However, pages in the Article, File, -- MediaWiki or Category namespaces must have their /doc, /sandbox and -- /testcases pages in talk space. local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace if subjectSpace == 0 or subjectSpace == 6 or subjectSpace == 8 or subjectSpace == 14 then return subjectSpace + 1 else return subjectSpace end end function envFuncs.docpageBase() -- The base page of the /doc, /sandbox, and /testcases subpages. -- For some namespaces this is the talk page, rather than the template page. local templateTitle = env.templateTitle local docSpace = env.docSpace local docSpaceText = mw.site.namespaces[docSpace].name -- Assemble the link. docSpace is never the main namespace, so we can hardcode the colon. return docSpaceText .. ':' .. templateTitle.text end function envFuncs.compareUrl() -- Diff link between the sandbox and the main template using [[Special:ComparePages]]. local templateTitle = env.templateTitle local sandboxTitle = env.sandboxTitle if templateTitle.exists and sandboxTitle.exists then local compareUrl = mw.uri.canonicalUrl( 'Special:ComparePages', { page1 = templateTitle.prefixedText, page2 = sandboxTitle.prefixedText} ) return tostring(compareUrl) else return nil end end return env end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Auxiliary templates ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.getModuleWikitext = makeInvokeFunc('_getModuleWikitext') function p._getModuleWikitext(args, env) local currentTitle = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() if currentTitle.contentModel ~= 'Scribunto' then return end pcall(require, currentTitle.prefixedText) -- if it fails, we don't care local moduleWikitext = package.loaded["Module:Module wikitext"] if moduleWikitext then return moduleWikitext.main() end end function p.sandboxNotice(args, env) --[=[ -- Generates a sandbox notice for display above sandbox pages. -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- -- Messages: -- 'sandbox-notice-image' --> '[[File:Sandbox.svg|50px|alt=|link=]]' -- 'sandbox-notice-blurb' --> 'This is the $1 for $2.' -- 'sandbox-notice-diff-blurb' --> 'This is the $1 for $2 ($3).' -- 'sandbox-notice-pagetype-template' --> '[[Wikipedia:Template test cases|template sandbox]] page' -- 'sandbox-notice-pagetype-module' --> '[[Wikipedia:Template test cases|module sandbox]] page' -- 'sandbox-notice-pagetype-other' --> 'sandbox page' -- 'sandbox-notice-compare-link-display' --> 'diff' -- 'sandbox-notice-testcases-blurb' --> 'See also the companion subpage for $1.' -- 'sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display' --> 'test cases' -- 'sandbox-category' --> 'Template sandboxes' -- 'module-sandbox-category' --> 'Module sandboxes' -- 'other-sandbox-category' --> 'Sandboxes outside of template or module namespace' --]=] local title = env.title local sandboxTitle = env.sandboxTitle local templateTitle = env.templateTitle local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace if not (subjectSpace and title and sandboxTitle and templateTitle and mw.title.equals(title, sandboxTitle)) then return nil end -- Build the table of arguments to pass to {{ombox}}. We need just two fields, "image" and "text". local omargs = {} omargs.image = message('sandbox-notice-image') -- Get the text. We start with the opening blurb, which is something like -- "This is the template sandbox for [[Template:Foo]] (diff)." local text = '__EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE__' local pagetype, sandboxCat if subjectSpace == 10 then pagetype = message('sandbox-notice-pagetype-template') sandboxCat = message('sandbox-category') elseif subjectSpace == 828 then pagetype = message('sandbox-notice-pagetype-module') sandboxCat = message('module-sandbox-category') else pagetype = message('sandbox-notice-pagetype-other') sandboxCat = message('other-sandbox-category') end local templateLink = makeWikilink(templateTitle.prefixedText) local compareUrl = env.compareUrl if compareUrl then local compareDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-compare-link-display') local compareLink = makeUrlLink(compareUrl, compareDisplay) text = text .. message('sandbox-notice-diff-blurb', {pagetype, templateLink, compareLink}) else text = text .. message('sandbox-notice-blurb', {pagetype, templateLink}) end -- Get the test cases page blurb if the page exists. This is something like -- "See also the companion subpage for [[Template:Foo/testcases|test cases]]." local testcasesTitle = env.testcasesTitle if testcasesTitle and testcasesTitle.exists then if testcasesTitle.contentModel == "Scribunto" then local testcasesLinkDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display') local testcasesRunLinkDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-testcases-run-link-display') local testcasesLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.prefixedText, testcasesLinkDisplay) local testcasesRunLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle.prefixedText, testcasesRunLinkDisplay) text = text .. '<br />' .. message('sandbox-notice-testcases-run-blurb', {testcasesLink, testcasesRunLink}) else local testcasesLinkDisplay = message('sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display') local testcasesLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.prefixedText, testcasesLinkDisplay) text = text .. '<br />' .. message('sandbox-notice-testcases-blurb', {testcasesLink}) end end -- Add the sandbox to the sandbox category. omargs.text = text .. makeCategoryLink(sandboxCat) -- 'documentation-clear' return '<div class="' .. message('clear') .. '"></div>' .. require('Module:Message box').main('ombox', omargs) end function p.protectionTemplate(env) -- Generates the padlock icon in the top right. -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- Messages: -- 'protection-template' --> 'pp-template' -- 'protection-template-args' --> {docusage = 'yes'} local protectionLevels = env.protectionLevels if not protectionLevels then return nil end local editProt = protectionLevels.edit and protectionLevels.edit[1] local moveProt = protectionLevels.move and protectionLevels.move[1] if editProt then -- The page is edit-protected. return require('Module:Protection banner')._main{ message('protection-reason-edit'), small = true } elseif moveProt and moveProt ~= 'autoconfirmed' then -- The page is move-protected but not edit-protected. Exclude move -- protection with the level "autoconfirmed", as this is equivalent to -- no move protection at all. return require('Module:Protection banner')._main{ action = 'move', small = true } else return nil end end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Start box ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.startBox = makeInvokeFunc('_startBox') function p._startBox(args, env) --[[ -- This function generates the start box. -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- -- The actual work is done by p.makeStartBoxLinksData and p.renderStartBoxLinks which make -- the [view] [edit] [history] [purge] links, and by p.makeStartBoxData and p.renderStartBox -- which generate the box HTML. --]] env = env or p.getEnvironment(args) local links local content = args.content if not content or args[1] then -- No need to include the links if the documentation is on the template page itself. local linksData = p.makeStartBoxLinksData(args, env) if linksData then links = p.renderStartBoxLinks(linksData) end end -- Generate the start box html. local data = p.makeStartBoxData(args, env, links) if data then return p.renderStartBox(data) else -- User specified no heading. return nil end end function p.makeStartBoxLinksData(args, env) --[[ -- Does initial processing of data to make the [view] [edit] [history] [purge] links. -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- -- Messages: -- 'view-link-display' --> 'view' -- 'edit-link-display' --> 'edit' -- 'history-link-display' --> 'history' -- 'purge-link-display' --> 'purge' -- 'module-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-doc' -- 'docpage-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload' -- 'create-link-display' --> 'create' --]] local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace local title = env.title local docTitle = env.docTitle if not title or not docTitle then return nil end if docTitle.isRedirect then docTitle = docTitle.redirectTarget end -- Create link if /doc doesn't exist. local preload = args.preload if not preload then if subjectSpace == 828 then -- Module namespace preload = message('module-preload') else preload = message('docpage-preload') end end return { title = title, docTitle = docTitle, -- View, display, edit, and purge links if /doc exists. viewLinkDisplay = message('view-link-display'), editLinkDisplay = message('edit-link-display'), historyLinkDisplay = message('history-link-display'), purgeLinkDisplay = message('purge-link-display'), preload = preload, createLinkDisplay = message('create-link-display') } end function p.renderStartBoxLinks(data) --[[ -- Generates the [view][edit][history][purge] or [create][purge] links from the data table. -- @data - a table of data generated by p.makeStartBoxLinksData --]] local docTitle = data.docTitle -- yes, we do intend to purge the template page on which the documentation appears local purgeLink = makeWikilink("Special:Purge/" .. data.title.prefixedText, data.purgeLinkDisplay) if docTitle.exists then local viewLink = makeWikilink(docTitle.prefixedText, data.viewLinkDisplay) local editLink = makeWikilink("Special:EditPage/" .. docTitle.prefixedText, data.editLinkDisplay) local historyLink = makeWikilink("Special:PageHistory/" .. docTitle.prefixedText, data.historyLinkDisplay) return viewLink .. editLink .. historyLink .. purgeLink else local createLink = makeUrlLink(docTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = data.preload}, data.createLinkDisplay) return createLink .. purgeLink end return ret end function p.makeStartBoxData(args, env, links) --[=[ -- Does initial processing of data to pass to the start-box render function, p.renderStartBox. -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- @links - a string containing the [view][edit][history][purge] links - could be nil if there's an error. -- -- Messages: -- 'documentation-icon-wikitext' --> '[[File:Test Template Info-Icon - Version (2).svg|50px|link=|alt=]]' -- 'template-namespace-heading' --> 'Template documentation' -- 'module-namespace-heading' --> 'Module documentation' -- 'file-namespace-heading' --> 'Summary' -- 'other-namespaces-heading' --> 'Documentation' -- 'testcases-create-link-display' --> 'create' --]=] local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace if not subjectSpace then -- Default to an "other namespaces" namespace, so that we get at least some output -- if an error occurs. subjectSpace = 2 end local data = {} -- Heading local heading = args.heading -- Blank values are not removed. if heading == '' then -- Don't display the start box if the heading arg is defined but blank. return nil end if heading then data.heading = heading elseif subjectSpace == 10 then -- Template namespace data.heading = message('documentation-icon-wikitext') .. ' ' .. message('template-namespace-heading') elseif subjectSpace == 828 then -- Module namespace data.heading = message('documentation-icon-wikitext') .. ' ' .. message('module-namespace-heading') elseif subjectSpace == 6 then -- File namespace data.heading = message('file-namespace-heading') else data.heading = message('other-namespaces-heading') end -- Heading CSS local headingStyle = args['heading-style'] if headingStyle then data.headingStyleText = headingStyle else -- 'documentation-heading' data.headingClass = message('main-div-heading-class') end -- Data for the [view][edit][history][purge] or [create] links. if links then -- 'mw-editsection-like plainlinks' data.linksClass = message('start-box-link-classes') data.links = links end return data end function p.renderStartBox(data) -- Renders the start box html. -- @data - a table of data generated by p.makeStartBoxData. local sbox = mw.html.create('div') sbox -- 'documentation-startbox' :addClass(message('start-box-class')) :newline() :tag('span') :addClass(data.headingClass) :attr('id', 'documentation-heading') :cssText(data.headingStyleText) :wikitext(data.heading) local links = data.links if links then sbox:tag('span') :addClass(data.linksClass) :attr('id', data.linksId) :wikitext(links) end return tostring(sbox) end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Documentation content ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.content = makeInvokeFunc('_content') function p._content(args, env) -- Displays the documentation contents -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment env = env or p.getEnvironment(args) local docTitle = env.docTitle local content = args.content if not content and docTitle and docTitle.exists then content = args._content or mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title = docTitle.prefixedText} end -- The line breaks below are necessary so that "=== Headings ===" at the start and end -- of docs are interpreted correctly. return '\n' .. (content or '') .. '\n' end p.contentTitle = makeInvokeFunc('_contentTitle') function p._contentTitle(args, env) env = env or p.getEnvironment(args) local docTitle = env.docTitle if not args.content and docTitle and docTitle.exists then return docTitle.prefixedText else return '' end end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- End box ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- p.endBox = makeInvokeFunc('_endBox') function p._endBox(args, env) --[=[ -- This function generates the end box (also known as the link box). -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- --]=] -- Get environment data. env = env or p.getEnvironment(args) local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace local docTitle = env.docTitle if not subjectSpace or not docTitle then return nil end -- Check whether we should output the end box at all. Add the end -- box by default if the documentation exists or if we are in the -- user, module or template namespaces. local linkBox = args['link box'] if linkBox == 'off' or not ( docTitle.exists or subjectSpace == 2 or subjectSpace == 828 or subjectSpace == 10 ) then return nil end -- Assemble the link box. local text = '' if linkBox then text = text .. linkBox else text = text .. (p.makeDocPageBlurb(args, env) or '') -- "This documentation is transcluded from [[Foo]]." if subjectSpace == 2 or subjectSpace == 10 or subjectSpace == 828 then -- We are in the user, template or module namespaces. -- Add sandbox and testcases links. -- "Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox and testcases pages." text = text .. (p.makeExperimentBlurb(args, env) or '') .. '<br />' if not args.content and not args[1] then -- "Please add categories to the /doc subpage." -- Don't show this message with inline docs or with an explicitly specified doc page, -- as then it is unclear where to add the categories. text = text .. (p.makeCategoriesBlurb(args, env) or '') end text = text .. ' ' .. (p.makeSubpagesBlurb(args, env) or '') --"Subpages of this template" end end local box = mw.html.create('div') -- 'documentation-metadata' box:attr('role', 'note') :addClass(message('end-box-class')) -- 'plainlinks' :addClass(message('end-box-plainlinks')) :wikitext(text) :done() return '\n' .. tostring(box) end function p.makeDocPageBlurb(args, env) --[=[ -- Makes the blurb "This documentation is transcluded from [[Template:Foo]] (edit, history)". -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- -- Messages: -- 'edit-link-display' --> 'edit' -- 'history-link-display' --> 'history' -- 'transcluded-from-blurb' --> -- 'The above [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|documentation]] -- is [[Help:Transclusion|transcluded]] from $1.' -- 'module-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-doc' -- 'create-link-display' --> 'create' -- 'create-module-doc-blurb' --> -- 'You might want to $1 a documentation page for this [[Wikipedia:Lua|Scribunto module]].' --]=] local docTitle = env.docTitle if not docTitle then return nil end if docTitle.exists then -- /doc exists; link to it. local docLink = makeWikilink(docTitle.prefixedText) local editDisplay = message('edit-link-display') local editLink = makeWikilink("Special:EditPage/" .. docTitle.prefixedText, editDisplay) local historyDisplay = message('history-link-display') local historyLink = makeWikilink("Special:PageHistory/" .. docTitle.prefixedText, historyDisplay) return message('transcluded-from-blurb', {docLink}) .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(editLink, historyLink) .. '<br />' elseif env.subjectSpace == 828 then -- /doc does not exist; ask to create it. local createUrl = docTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = message('module-preload')} local createDisplay = message('create-link-display') local createLink = makeUrlLink(createUrl, createDisplay) return message('create-module-doc-blurb', {createLink}) .. '<br />' end end function p.makeExperimentBlurb(args, env) --[[ -- Renders the text "Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox (edit | diff) and testcases (edit) pages." -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- -- Messages: -- 'sandbox-link-display' --> 'sandbox' -- 'sandbox-edit-link-display' --> 'edit' -- 'compare-link-display' --> 'diff' -- 'module-sandbox-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-sandbox' -- 'template-sandbox-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-sandbox' -- 'sandbox-create-link-display' --> 'create' -- 'mirror-edit-summary' --> 'Create sandbox version of $1' -- 'mirror-link-display' --> 'mirror' -- 'mirror-link-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/mirror' -- 'sandbox-link-display' --> 'sandbox' -- 'testcases-link-display' --> 'testcases' -- 'testcases-edit-link-display'--> 'edit' -- 'template-sandbox-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-sandbox' -- 'testcases-create-link-display' --> 'create' -- 'testcases-link-display' --> 'testcases' -- 'testcases-edit-link-display' --> 'edit' -- 'module-testcases-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-testcases' -- 'template-testcases-preload' --> 'Template:Documentation/preload-testcases' -- 'experiment-blurb-module' --> 'Editors can experiment in this module's $1 and $2 pages.' -- 'experiment-blurb-template' --> 'Editors can experiment in this template's $1 and $2 pages.' --]] local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace local templateTitle = env.templateTitle local sandboxTitle = env.sandboxTitle local testcasesTitle = env.testcasesTitle local templatePage = templateTitle.prefixedText if not subjectSpace or not templateTitle or not sandboxTitle or not testcasesTitle then return nil end -- Make links. local sandboxLinks, testcasesLinks if sandboxTitle.exists then local sandboxPage = sandboxTitle.prefixedText local sandboxDisplay = message('sandbox-link-display') local sandboxLink = makeWikilink(sandboxPage, sandboxDisplay) local sandboxEditDisplay = message('sandbox-edit-link-display') local sandboxEditLink = makeWikilink("Special:EditPage/" .. sandboxPage, sandboxEditDisplay) local compareUrl = env.compareUrl local compareLink if compareUrl then local compareDisplay = message('compare-link-display') compareLink = makeUrlLink(compareUrl, compareDisplay) end sandboxLinks = sandboxLink .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(sandboxEditLink, compareLink) else local sandboxPreload if subjectSpace == 828 then sandboxPreload = message('module-sandbox-preload') else sandboxPreload = message('template-sandbox-preload') end local sandboxCreateUrl = sandboxTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = sandboxPreload} local sandboxCreateDisplay = message('sandbox-create-link-display') local sandboxCreateLink = makeUrlLink(sandboxCreateUrl, sandboxCreateDisplay) local mirrorSummary = message('mirror-edit-summary', {makeWikilink(templatePage)}) local mirrorPreload = message('mirror-link-preload') local mirrorUrl = sandboxTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = mirrorPreload, summary = mirrorSummary} if subjectSpace == 828 then mirrorUrl = sandboxTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = templateTitle.prefixedText, summary = mirrorSummary} end local mirrorDisplay = message('mirror-link-display') local mirrorLink = makeUrlLink(mirrorUrl, mirrorDisplay) sandboxLinks = message('sandbox-link-display') .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(sandboxCreateLink, mirrorLink) end if testcasesTitle.exists then local testcasesPage = testcasesTitle.prefixedText local testcasesDisplay = message('testcases-link-display') local testcasesLink = makeWikilink(testcasesPage, testcasesDisplay) local testcasesEditUrl = testcasesTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit'} local testcasesEditDisplay = message('testcases-edit-link-display') local testcasesEditLink = makeWikilink("Special:EditPage/" .. testcasesPage, testcasesEditDisplay) -- for Modules, add testcases run link if exists if testcasesTitle.contentModel == "Scribunto" and testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle and testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle.exists then local testcasesRunLinkDisplay = message('testcases-run-link-display') local testcasesRunLink = makeWikilink(testcasesTitle.talkPageTitle.prefixedText, testcasesRunLinkDisplay) testcasesLinks = testcasesLink .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(testcasesEditLink, testcasesRunLink) else testcasesLinks = testcasesLink .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(testcasesEditLink) end else local testcasesPreload if subjectSpace == 828 then testcasesPreload = message('module-testcases-preload') else testcasesPreload = message('template-testcases-preload') end local testcasesCreateUrl = testcasesTitle:canonicalUrl{action = 'edit', preload = testcasesPreload} local testcasesCreateDisplay = message('testcases-create-link-display') local testcasesCreateLink = makeUrlLink(testcasesCreateUrl, testcasesCreateDisplay) testcasesLinks = message('testcases-link-display') .. ' ' .. makeToolbar(testcasesCreateLink) end local messageName if subjectSpace == 828 then messageName = 'experiment-blurb-module' else messageName = 'experiment-blurb-template' end return message(messageName, {sandboxLinks, testcasesLinks}) end function p.makeCategoriesBlurb(args, env) --[[ -- Generates the text "Please add categories to the /doc subpage." -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- Messages: -- 'doc-link-display' --> '/doc' -- 'add-categories-blurb' --> 'Please add categories to the $1 subpage.' --]] local docTitle = env.docTitle if not docTitle then return nil end local docPathLink = makeWikilink(docTitle.prefixedText, message('doc-link-display')) return message('add-categories-blurb', {docPathLink}) end function p.makeSubpagesBlurb(args, env) --[[ -- Generates the "Subpages of this template" link. -- @args - a table of arguments passed by the user -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- Messages: -- 'template-pagetype' --> 'template' -- 'module-pagetype' --> 'module' -- 'default-pagetype' --> 'page' -- 'subpages-link-display' --> 'Subpages of this $1' --]] local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace local templateTitle = env.templateTitle if not subjectSpace or not templateTitle then return nil end local pagetype if subjectSpace == 10 then pagetype = message('template-pagetype') elseif subjectSpace == 828 then pagetype = message('module-pagetype') else pagetype = message('default-pagetype') end local subpagesLink = makeWikilink( 'Special:PrefixIndex/' .. templateTitle.prefixedText .. '/', message('subpages-link-display', {pagetype}) ) return message('subpages-blurb', {subpagesLink}) end ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Tracking categories ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- function p.addTrackingCategories(env) --[[ -- Check if {{documentation}} is transcluded on a /doc or /testcases page. -- @env - environment table containing title objects, etc., generated with p.getEnvironment -- Messages: -- 'display-strange-usage-category' --> true -- 'doc-subpage' --> 'doc' -- 'testcases-subpage' --> 'testcases' -- 'strange-usage-category' --> 'Wikipedia pages with strange ((documentation)) usage' -- -- /testcases pages in the module namespace are not categorised, as they may have -- {{documentation}} transcluded automatically. --]] local title = env.title local subjectSpace = env.subjectSpace if not title or not subjectSpace then return nil end local subpage = title.subpageText if message('display-strange-usage-category', nil, 'boolean') and ( subpage == message('doc-subpage') or subjectSpace ~= 828 and subpage == message('testcases-subpage') ) then return makeCategoryLink(message('strange-usage-category')) end return '' end return p bo74oekmmsj1xtpw7dlzkvkhc0k05g6 Module:Documentation/config 828 9113 74279 28316 2025-10-13T18:10:40Z en>Paine Ellsworth 0 per edit request at [[Template talk:Documentation#Update sandbox icon to match all other templates]] - update sandbox notice image 74279 Scribunto text/plain ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- Configuration for Module:Documentation -- -- Here you can set the values of the parameters and messages used in Module:Documentation to -- localise it to your wiki and your language. Unless specified otherwise, values given here -- should be string values. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local cfg = {} -- Do not edit this line. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Protection template configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- cfg['protection-reason-edit'] -- The protection reason for edit-protected templates to pass to -- [[Module:Protection banner]]. cfg['protection-reason-edit'] = 'template' --[[ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Sandbox notice configuration -- -- On sandbox pages the module can display a template notifying users that the current page is a -- sandbox, and the location of test cases pages, etc. The module decides whether the page is a -- sandbox or not based on the value of cfg['sandbox-subpage']. The following settings configure the -- messages that the notices contains. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --]] -- cfg['sandbox-notice-image'] -- The image displayed in the sandbox notice. cfg['sandbox-notice-image'] = '[[File:Edit In Sandbox Icon - Color.svg|50px|alt=|link=]]' --[[ -- cfg['sandbox-notice-pagetype-template'] -- cfg['sandbox-notice-pagetype-module'] -- cfg['sandbox-notice-pagetype-other'] -- The page type of the sandbox page. The message that is displayed depends on the current subject -- namespace. This message is used in either cfg['sandbox-notice-blurb'] or -- cfg['sandbox-notice-diff-blurb']. --]] cfg['sandbox-notice-pagetype-template'] = '[[Wikipedia:Template test cases|template sandbox]] page' cfg['sandbox-notice-pagetype-module'] = '[[Wikipedia:Template test cases|module sandbox]] page' cfg['sandbox-notice-pagetype-other'] = 'sandbox page' --[[ -- cfg['sandbox-notice-blurb'] -- cfg['sandbox-notice-diff-blurb'] -- cfg['sandbox-notice-diff-display'] -- Either cfg['sandbox-notice-blurb'] or cfg['sandbox-notice-diff-blurb'] is the opening sentence -- of the sandbox notice. The latter has a diff link, but the former does not. $1 is the page -- type, which is either cfg['sandbox-notice-pagetype-template'], -- cfg['sandbox-notice-pagetype-module'] or cfg['sandbox-notice-pagetype-other'] depending what -- namespace we are in. $2 is a link to the main template page, and $3 is a diff link between -- the sandbox and the main template. The display value of the diff link is set by -- cfg['sandbox-notice-compare-link-display']. --]] cfg['sandbox-notice-blurb'] = 'This is the $1 for $2.' cfg['sandbox-notice-diff-blurb'] = 'This is the $1 for $2 ($3).' cfg['sandbox-notice-compare-link-display'] = 'diff' --[[ -- cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-blurb'] -- cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display'] -- cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-run-blurb'] -- cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-run-link-display'] -- cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-blurb'] is a sentence notifying the user that there is a test cases page -- corresponding to this sandbox that they can edit. $1 is a link to the test cases page. -- cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display'] is the display value for that link. -- cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-run-blurb'] is a sentence notifying the user that there is a test cases page -- corresponding to this sandbox that they can edit, along with a link to run it. $1 is a link to the test -- cases page, and $2 is a link to the page to run it. -- cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-run-link-display'] is the display value for the link to run the test -- cases. --]] cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-blurb'] = 'See also the companion subpage for $1.' cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display'] = 'test cases' cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-run-blurb'] = 'See also the companion subpage for $1 ($2).' cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-run-link-display'] = 'run' -- cfg['sandbox-category'] - A category to add to all template sandboxes. -- cfg['module-sandbox-category'] - A category to add to all module sandboxes. -- cfg['module-sandbox-category'] - A category to add to all sandboxe not in templates or modules. cfg['sandbox-category'] = 'Template sandboxes' cfg['module-sandbox-category'] = 'Module sandboxes' cfg['other-sandbox-category'] = 'Sandboxes outside of template or module namespace' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Start box configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- cfg['documentation-icon-wikitext'] -- The wikitext for the icon shown at the top of the template. cfg['documentation-icon-wikitext'] = '[[File:Test Template Info-Icon - Version (2).svg|50px|link=|alt=]]' -- cfg['template-namespace-heading'] -- The heading shown in the template namespace. cfg['template-namespace-heading'] = 'Template documentation' -- cfg['module-namespace-heading'] -- The heading shown in the module namespace. cfg['module-namespace-heading'] = 'Module documentation' -- cfg['file-namespace-heading'] -- The heading shown in the file namespace. cfg['file-namespace-heading'] = 'Summary' -- cfg['other-namespaces-heading'] -- The heading shown in other namespaces. cfg['other-namespaces-heading'] = 'Documentation' -- cfg['view-link-display'] -- The text to display for "view" links. cfg['view-link-display'] = 'view' -- cfg['edit-link-display'] -- The text to display for "edit" links. cfg['edit-link-display'] = 'edit' -- cfg['history-link-display'] -- The text to display for "history" links. cfg['history-link-display'] = 'history' -- cfg['purge-link-display'] -- The text to display for "purge" links. cfg['purge-link-display'] = 'purge' -- cfg['create-link-display'] -- The text to display for "create" links. cfg['create-link-display'] = 'create' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Link box (end box) configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- cfg['transcluded-from-blurb'] -- Notice displayed when the docs are transcluded from another page. $1 is a wikilink to that page. cfg['transcluded-from-blurb'] = 'The above [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|documentation]] is [[Help:Transclusion|transcluded]] from $1.' --[[ -- cfg['create-module-doc-blurb'] -- Notice displayed in the module namespace when the documentation subpage does not exist. -- $1 is a link to create the documentation page with the preload cfg['module-preload'] and the -- display cfg['create-link-display']. --]] cfg['create-module-doc-blurb'] = 'You might want to $1 a documentation page for this [[Wikipedia:Lua|Scribunto module]].' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Experiment blurb configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --[[ -- cfg['experiment-blurb-template'] -- cfg['experiment-blurb-module'] -- The experiment blurb is the text inviting editors to experiment in sandbox and test cases pages. -- It is only shown in the template and module namespaces. With the default English settings, it -- might look like this: -- -- Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox (edit | diff) and testcases (edit) pages. -- -- In this example, "sandbox", "edit", "diff", "testcases", and "edit" would all be links. -- -- There are two versions, cfg['experiment-blurb-template'] and cfg['experiment-blurb-module'], depending -- on what namespace we are in. -- -- Parameters: -- -- $1 is a link to the sandbox page. If the sandbox exists, it is in the following format: -- -- cfg['sandbox-link-display'] (cfg['sandbox-edit-link-display'] | cfg['compare-link-display']) -- -- If the sandbox doesn't exist, it is in the format: -- -- cfg['sandbox-link-display'] (cfg['sandbox-create-link-display'] | cfg['mirror-link-display']) -- -- The link for cfg['sandbox-create-link-display'] link preloads the page with cfg['template-sandbox-preload'] -- or cfg['module-sandbox-preload'], depending on the current namespace. The link for cfg['mirror-link-display'] -- loads a default edit summary of cfg['mirror-edit-summary']. -- -- $2 is a link to the test cases page. If the test cases page exists, it is in the following format: -- -- cfg['testcases-link-display'] (cfg['testcases-edit-link-display'] | cfg['testcases-run-link-display']) -- -- If the test cases page doesn't exist, it is in the format: -- -- cfg['testcases-link-display'] (cfg['testcases-create-link-display']) -- -- If the test cases page doesn't exist, the link for cfg['testcases-create-link-display'] preloads the -- page with cfg['template-testcases-preload'] or cfg['module-testcases-preload'], depending on the current -- namespace. --]] cfg['experiment-blurb-template'] = "Editors can experiment in this template's $1 and $2 pages." cfg['experiment-blurb-module'] = "Editors can experiment in this module's $1 and $2 pages." ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Sandbox link configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- cfg['sandbox-subpage'] -- The name of the template subpage typically used for sandboxes. cfg['sandbox-subpage'] = 'sandbox' -- cfg['template-sandbox-preload'] -- Preload file for template sandbox pages. cfg['template-sandbox-preload'] = 'Template:Documentation/preload-sandbox' -- cfg['module-sandbox-preload'] -- Preload file for Lua module sandbox pages. cfg['module-sandbox-preload'] = 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-sandbox' -- cfg['sandbox-link-display'] -- The text to display for "sandbox" links. cfg['sandbox-link-display'] = 'sandbox' -- cfg['sandbox-edit-link-display'] -- The text to display for sandbox "edit" links. cfg['sandbox-edit-link-display'] = 'edit' -- cfg['sandbox-create-link-display'] -- The text to display for sandbox "create" links. cfg['sandbox-create-link-display'] = 'create' -- cfg['compare-link-display'] -- The text to display for "compare" links. cfg['compare-link-display'] = 'diff' -- cfg['mirror-edit-summary'] -- The default edit summary to use when a user clicks the "mirror" link. $1 is a wikilink to the -- template page. cfg['mirror-edit-summary'] = 'Create sandbox version of $1' -- cfg['mirror-link-display'] -- The text to display for "mirror" links. cfg['mirror-link-display'] = 'mirror' -- cfg['mirror-link-preload'] -- The page to preload when a user clicks the "mirror" link. cfg['mirror-link-preload'] = 'Template:Documentation/mirror' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Test cases link configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- cfg['testcases-subpage'] -- The name of the template subpage typically used for test cases. cfg['testcases-subpage'] = 'testcases' -- cfg['template-testcases-preload'] -- Preload file for template test cases pages. cfg['template-testcases-preload'] = 'Template:Documentation/preload-testcases' -- cfg['module-testcases-preload'] -- Preload file for Lua module test cases pages. cfg['module-testcases-preload'] = 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-testcases' -- cfg['testcases-link-display'] -- The text to display for "testcases" links. cfg['testcases-link-display'] = 'testcases' -- cfg['testcases-edit-link-display'] -- The text to display for test cases "edit" links. cfg['testcases-edit-link-display'] = 'edit' -- cfg['testcases-run-link-display'] -- The text to display for test cases "run" links. cfg['testcases-run-link-display'] = 'run' -- cfg['testcases-create-link-display'] -- The text to display for test cases "create" links. cfg['testcases-create-link-display'] = 'create' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Add categories blurb configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --[[ -- cfg['add-categories-blurb'] -- Text to direct users to add categories to the /doc subpage. Not used if the "content" or -- "docname fed" arguments are set, as then it is not clear where to add the categories. $1 is a -- link to the /doc subpage with a display value of cfg['doc-link-display']. --]] cfg['add-categories-blurb'] = 'Add categories to the $1 subpage.' -- cfg['doc-link-display'] -- The text to display when linking to the /doc subpage. cfg['doc-link-display'] = '/doc' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Subpages link configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --[[ -- cfg['subpages-blurb'] -- The "Subpages of this template" blurb. $1 is a link to the main template's subpages with a -- display value of cfg['subpages-link-display']. In the English version this blurb is simply -- the link followed by a period, and the link display provides the actual text. --]] cfg['subpages-blurb'] = '$1.' --[[ -- cfg['subpages-link-display'] -- The text to display for the "subpages of this page" link. $1 is cfg['template-pagetype'], -- cfg['module-pagetype'] or cfg['default-pagetype'], depending on whether the current page is in -- the template namespace, the module namespace, or another namespace. --]] cfg['subpages-link-display'] = 'Subpages of this $1' -- cfg['template-pagetype'] -- The pagetype to display for template pages. cfg['template-pagetype'] = 'template' -- cfg['module-pagetype'] -- The pagetype to display for Lua module pages. cfg['module-pagetype'] = 'module' -- cfg['default-pagetype'] -- The pagetype to display for pages other than templates or Lua modules. cfg['default-pagetype'] = 'page' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Doc link configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- cfg['doc-subpage'] -- The name of the subpage typically used for documentation pages. cfg['doc-subpage'] = 'doc' -- cfg['docpage-preload'] -- Preload file for template documentation pages in all namespaces. cfg['docpage-preload'] = 'Template:Documentation/preload' -- cfg['module-preload'] -- Preload file for Lua module documentation pages. cfg['module-preload'] = 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-doc' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- HTML and CSS configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- cfg['templatestyles'] -- The name of the TemplateStyles page where CSS is kept. -- Sandbox CSS will be at Module:Documentation/sandbox/styles.css when needed. cfg['templatestyles'] = 'Module:Documentation/styles.css' -- cfg['container'] -- Class which can be used to set flex or grid CSS on the -- two child divs documentation and documentation-metadata cfg['container'] = 'documentation-container' -- cfg['main-div-classes'] -- Classes added to the main HTML "div" tag. cfg['main-div-classes'] = 'documentation' -- cfg['main-div-heading-class'] -- Class for the main heading for templates and modules and assoc. talk spaces cfg['main-div-heading-class'] = 'documentation-heading' -- cfg['start-box-class'] -- Class for the start box cfg['start-box-class'] = 'documentation-startbox' -- cfg['start-box-link-classes'] -- Classes used for the [view][edit][history] or [create] links in the start box. -- mw-editsection-like is per [[Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 117]] cfg['start-box-link-classes'] = 'mw-editsection-like plainlinks' -- cfg['end-box-class'] -- Class for the end box. cfg['end-box-class'] = 'documentation-metadata' -- cfg['end-box-plainlinks'] -- Plainlinks cfg['end-box-plainlinks'] = 'plainlinks' -- cfg['toolbar-class'] -- Class added for toolbar links. cfg['toolbar-class'] = 'documentation-toolbar' -- cfg['clear'] -- Just used to clear things. cfg['clear'] = 'documentation-clear' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Tracking category configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- cfg['display-strange-usage-category'] -- Set to true to enable output of cfg['strange-usage-category'] if the module is used on a /doc subpage -- or a /testcases subpage. This should be a boolean value (either true or false). cfg['display-strange-usage-category'] = true -- cfg['strange-usage-category'] -- Category to output if cfg['display-strange-usage-category'] is set to true and the module is used on a -- /doc subpage or a /testcases subpage. cfg['strange-usage-category'] = 'Wikipedia pages with strange ((documentation)) usage' --[[ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- End configuration -- -- Don't edit anything below this line. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --]] return cfg 2z4v6f5nkabra0nulgb7sxch1cktfsn 74280 74279 2026-09-09T16:22:16Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Module:Documentation/config]]: Importing Orphan Template 74279 Scribunto text/plain ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- Configuration for Module:Documentation -- -- Here you can set the values of the parameters and messages used in Module:Documentation to -- localise it to your wiki and your language. Unless specified otherwise, values given here -- should be string values. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local cfg = {} -- Do not edit this line. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Protection template configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- cfg['protection-reason-edit'] -- The protection reason for edit-protected templates to pass to -- [[Module:Protection banner]]. cfg['protection-reason-edit'] = 'template' --[[ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Sandbox notice configuration -- -- On sandbox pages the module can display a template notifying users that the current page is a -- sandbox, and the location of test cases pages, etc. The module decides whether the page is a -- sandbox or not based on the value of cfg['sandbox-subpage']. The following settings configure the -- messages that the notices contains. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --]] -- cfg['sandbox-notice-image'] -- The image displayed in the sandbox notice. cfg['sandbox-notice-image'] = '[[File:Edit In Sandbox Icon - Color.svg|50px|alt=|link=]]' --[[ -- cfg['sandbox-notice-pagetype-template'] -- cfg['sandbox-notice-pagetype-module'] -- cfg['sandbox-notice-pagetype-other'] -- The page type of the sandbox page. The message that is displayed depends on the current subject -- namespace. This message is used in either cfg['sandbox-notice-blurb'] or -- cfg['sandbox-notice-diff-blurb']. --]] cfg['sandbox-notice-pagetype-template'] = '[[Wikipedia:Template test cases|template sandbox]] page' cfg['sandbox-notice-pagetype-module'] = '[[Wikipedia:Template test cases|module sandbox]] page' cfg['sandbox-notice-pagetype-other'] = 'sandbox page' --[[ -- cfg['sandbox-notice-blurb'] -- cfg['sandbox-notice-diff-blurb'] -- cfg['sandbox-notice-diff-display'] -- Either cfg['sandbox-notice-blurb'] or cfg['sandbox-notice-diff-blurb'] is the opening sentence -- of the sandbox notice. The latter has a diff link, but the former does not. $1 is the page -- type, which is either cfg['sandbox-notice-pagetype-template'], -- cfg['sandbox-notice-pagetype-module'] or cfg['sandbox-notice-pagetype-other'] depending what -- namespace we are in. $2 is a link to the main template page, and $3 is a diff link between -- the sandbox and the main template. The display value of the diff link is set by -- cfg['sandbox-notice-compare-link-display']. --]] cfg['sandbox-notice-blurb'] = 'This is the $1 for $2.' cfg['sandbox-notice-diff-blurb'] = 'This is the $1 for $2 ($3).' cfg['sandbox-notice-compare-link-display'] = 'diff' --[[ -- cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-blurb'] -- cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display'] -- cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-run-blurb'] -- cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-run-link-display'] -- cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-blurb'] is a sentence notifying the user that there is a test cases page -- corresponding to this sandbox that they can edit. $1 is a link to the test cases page. -- cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display'] is the display value for that link. -- cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-run-blurb'] is a sentence notifying the user that there is a test cases page -- corresponding to this sandbox that they can edit, along with a link to run it. $1 is a link to the test -- cases page, and $2 is a link to the page to run it. -- cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-run-link-display'] is the display value for the link to run the test -- cases. --]] cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-blurb'] = 'See also the companion subpage for $1.' cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-link-display'] = 'test cases' cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-run-blurb'] = 'See also the companion subpage for $1 ($2).' cfg['sandbox-notice-testcases-run-link-display'] = 'run' -- cfg['sandbox-category'] - A category to add to all template sandboxes. -- cfg['module-sandbox-category'] - A category to add to all module sandboxes. -- cfg['module-sandbox-category'] - A category to add to all sandboxe not in templates or modules. cfg['sandbox-category'] = 'Template sandboxes' cfg['module-sandbox-category'] = 'Module sandboxes' cfg['other-sandbox-category'] = 'Sandboxes outside of template or module namespace' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Start box configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- cfg['documentation-icon-wikitext'] -- The wikitext for the icon shown at the top of the template. cfg['documentation-icon-wikitext'] = '[[File:Test Template Info-Icon - Version (2).svg|50px|link=|alt=]]' -- cfg['template-namespace-heading'] -- The heading shown in the template namespace. cfg['template-namespace-heading'] = 'Template documentation' -- cfg['module-namespace-heading'] -- The heading shown in the module namespace. cfg['module-namespace-heading'] = 'Module documentation' -- cfg['file-namespace-heading'] -- The heading shown in the file namespace. cfg['file-namespace-heading'] = 'Summary' -- cfg['other-namespaces-heading'] -- The heading shown in other namespaces. cfg['other-namespaces-heading'] = 'Documentation' -- cfg['view-link-display'] -- The text to display for "view" links. cfg['view-link-display'] = 'view' -- cfg['edit-link-display'] -- The text to display for "edit" links. cfg['edit-link-display'] = 'edit' -- cfg['history-link-display'] -- The text to display for "history" links. cfg['history-link-display'] = 'history' -- cfg['purge-link-display'] -- The text to display for "purge" links. cfg['purge-link-display'] = 'purge' -- cfg['create-link-display'] -- The text to display for "create" links. cfg['create-link-display'] = 'create' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Link box (end box) configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- cfg['transcluded-from-blurb'] -- Notice displayed when the docs are transcluded from another page. $1 is a wikilink to that page. cfg['transcluded-from-blurb'] = 'The above [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|documentation]] is [[Help:Transclusion|transcluded]] from $1.' --[[ -- cfg['create-module-doc-blurb'] -- Notice displayed in the module namespace when the documentation subpage does not exist. -- $1 is a link to create the documentation page with the preload cfg['module-preload'] and the -- display cfg['create-link-display']. --]] cfg['create-module-doc-blurb'] = 'You might want to $1 a documentation page for this [[Wikipedia:Lua|Scribunto module]].' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Experiment blurb configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --[[ -- cfg['experiment-blurb-template'] -- cfg['experiment-blurb-module'] -- The experiment blurb is the text inviting editors to experiment in sandbox and test cases pages. -- It is only shown in the template and module namespaces. With the default English settings, it -- might look like this: -- -- Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox (edit | diff) and testcases (edit) pages. -- -- In this example, "sandbox", "edit", "diff", "testcases", and "edit" would all be links. -- -- There are two versions, cfg['experiment-blurb-template'] and cfg['experiment-blurb-module'], depending -- on what namespace we are in. -- -- Parameters: -- -- $1 is a link to the sandbox page. If the sandbox exists, it is in the following format: -- -- cfg['sandbox-link-display'] (cfg['sandbox-edit-link-display'] | cfg['compare-link-display']) -- -- If the sandbox doesn't exist, it is in the format: -- -- cfg['sandbox-link-display'] (cfg['sandbox-create-link-display'] | cfg['mirror-link-display']) -- -- The link for cfg['sandbox-create-link-display'] link preloads the page with cfg['template-sandbox-preload'] -- or cfg['module-sandbox-preload'], depending on the current namespace. The link for cfg['mirror-link-display'] -- loads a default edit summary of cfg['mirror-edit-summary']. -- -- $2 is a link to the test cases page. If the test cases page exists, it is in the following format: -- -- cfg['testcases-link-display'] (cfg['testcases-edit-link-display'] | cfg['testcases-run-link-display']) -- -- If the test cases page doesn't exist, it is in the format: -- -- cfg['testcases-link-display'] (cfg['testcases-create-link-display']) -- -- If the test cases page doesn't exist, the link for cfg['testcases-create-link-display'] preloads the -- page with cfg['template-testcases-preload'] or cfg['module-testcases-preload'], depending on the current -- namespace. --]] cfg['experiment-blurb-template'] = "Editors can experiment in this template's $1 and $2 pages." cfg['experiment-blurb-module'] = "Editors can experiment in this module's $1 and $2 pages." ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Sandbox link configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- cfg['sandbox-subpage'] -- The name of the template subpage typically used for sandboxes. cfg['sandbox-subpage'] = 'sandbox' -- cfg['template-sandbox-preload'] -- Preload file for template sandbox pages. cfg['template-sandbox-preload'] = 'Template:Documentation/preload-sandbox' -- cfg['module-sandbox-preload'] -- Preload file for Lua module sandbox pages. cfg['module-sandbox-preload'] = 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-sandbox' -- cfg['sandbox-link-display'] -- The text to display for "sandbox" links. cfg['sandbox-link-display'] = 'sandbox' -- cfg['sandbox-edit-link-display'] -- The text to display for sandbox "edit" links. cfg['sandbox-edit-link-display'] = 'edit' -- cfg['sandbox-create-link-display'] -- The text to display for sandbox "create" links. cfg['sandbox-create-link-display'] = 'create' -- cfg['compare-link-display'] -- The text to display for "compare" links. cfg['compare-link-display'] = 'diff' -- cfg['mirror-edit-summary'] -- The default edit summary to use when a user clicks the "mirror" link. $1 is a wikilink to the -- template page. cfg['mirror-edit-summary'] = 'Create sandbox version of $1' -- cfg['mirror-link-display'] -- The text to display for "mirror" links. cfg['mirror-link-display'] = 'mirror' -- cfg['mirror-link-preload'] -- The page to preload when a user clicks the "mirror" link. cfg['mirror-link-preload'] = 'Template:Documentation/mirror' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Test cases link configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- cfg['testcases-subpage'] -- The name of the template subpage typically used for test cases. cfg['testcases-subpage'] = 'testcases' -- cfg['template-testcases-preload'] -- Preload file for template test cases pages. cfg['template-testcases-preload'] = 'Template:Documentation/preload-testcases' -- cfg['module-testcases-preload'] -- Preload file for Lua module test cases pages. cfg['module-testcases-preload'] = 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-testcases' -- cfg['testcases-link-display'] -- The text to display for "testcases" links. cfg['testcases-link-display'] = 'testcases' -- cfg['testcases-edit-link-display'] -- The text to display for test cases "edit" links. cfg['testcases-edit-link-display'] = 'edit' -- cfg['testcases-run-link-display'] -- The text to display for test cases "run" links. cfg['testcases-run-link-display'] = 'run' -- cfg['testcases-create-link-display'] -- The text to display for test cases "create" links. cfg['testcases-create-link-display'] = 'create' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Add categories blurb configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --[[ -- cfg['add-categories-blurb'] -- Text to direct users to add categories to the /doc subpage. Not used if the "content" or -- "docname fed" arguments are set, as then it is not clear where to add the categories. $1 is a -- link to the /doc subpage with a display value of cfg['doc-link-display']. --]] cfg['add-categories-blurb'] = 'Add categories to the $1 subpage.' -- cfg['doc-link-display'] -- The text to display when linking to the /doc subpage. cfg['doc-link-display'] = '/doc' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Subpages link configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --[[ -- cfg['subpages-blurb'] -- The "Subpages of this template" blurb. $1 is a link to the main template's subpages with a -- display value of cfg['subpages-link-display']. In the English version this blurb is simply -- the link followed by a period, and the link display provides the actual text. --]] cfg['subpages-blurb'] = '$1.' --[[ -- cfg['subpages-link-display'] -- The text to display for the "subpages of this page" link. $1 is cfg['template-pagetype'], -- cfg['module-pagetype'] or cfg['default-pagetype'], depending on whether the current page is in -- the template namespace, the module namespace, or another namespace. --]] cfg['subpages-link-display'] = 'Subpages of this $1' -- cfg['template-pagetype'] -- The pagetype to display for template pages. cfg['template-pagetype'] = 'template' -- cfg['module-pagetype'] -- The pagetype to display for Lua module pages. cfg['module-pagetype'] = 'module' -- cfg['default-pagetype'] -- The pagetype to display for pages other than templates or Lua modules. cfg['default-pagetype'] = 'page' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Doc link configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- cfg['doc-subpage'] -- The name of the subpage typically used for documentation pages. cfg['doc-subpage'] = 'doc' -- cfg['docpage-preload'] -- Preload file for template documentation pages in all namespaces. cfg['docpage-preload'] = 'Template:Documentation/preload' -- cfg['module-preload'] -- Preload file for Lua module documentation pages. cfg['module-preload'] = 'Template:Documentation/preload-module-doc' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- HTML and CSS configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- cfg['templatestyles'] -- The name of the TemplateStyles page where CSS is kept. -- Sandbox CSS will be at Module:Documentation/sandbox/styles.css when needed. cfg['templatestyles'] = 'Module:Documentation/styles.css' -- cfg['container'] -- Class which can be used to set flex or grid CSS on the -- two child divs documentation and documentation-metadata cfg['container'] = 'documentation-container' -- cfg['main-div-classes'] -- Classes added to the main HTML "div" tag. cfg['main-div-classes'] = 'documentation' -- cfg['main-div-heading-class'] -- Class for the main heading for templates and modules and assoc. talk spaces cfg['main-div-heading-class'] = 'documentation-heading' -- cfg['start-box-class'] -- Class for the start box cfg['start-box-class'] = 'documentation-startbox' -- cfg['start-box-link-classes'] -- Classes used for the [view][edit][history] or [create] links in the start box. -- mw-editsection-like is per [[Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 117]] cfg['start-box-link-classes'] = 'mw-editsection-like plainlinks' -- cfg['end-box-class'] -- Class for the end box. cfg['end-box-class'] = 'documentation-metadata' -- cfg['end-box-plainlinks'] -- Plainlinks cfg['end-box-plainlinks'] = 'plainlinks' -- cfg['toolbar-class'] -- Class added for toolbar links. cfg['toolbar-class'] = 'documentation-toolbar' -- cfg['clear'] -- Just used to clear things. cfg['clear'] = 'documentation-clear' ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Tracking category configuration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- cfg['display-strange-usage-category'] -- Set to true to enable output of cfg['strange-usage-category'] if the module is used on a /doc subpage -- or a /testcases subpage. This should be a boolean value (either true or false). cfg['display-strange-usage-category'] = true -- cfg['strange-usage-category'] -- Category to output if cfg['display-strange-usage-category'] is set to true and the module is used on a -- /doc subpage or a /testcases subpage. cfg['strange-usage-category'] = 'Wikipedia pages with strange ((documentation)) usage' --[[ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- End configuration -- -- Don't edit anything below this line. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --]] return cfg 2z4v6f5nkabra0nulgb7sxch1cktfsn Module:Documentation/styles.css 828 9114 74281 28318 2026-06-19T03:19:17Z en>Izno 0 add margins 74281 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp|small=yes}} */ .documentation, .documentation-metadata { border: 1px solid var( --border-color-base, #a2a9b1 ); background-color: #ecfcf4; color:inherit; clear: both; } .documentation { margin: 1em 0 0 0; padding: 1em; } .documentation-metadata { margin: 0.2em 0; /* same margin left-right as .documentation */ font-style: italic; padding: 0.4em 1em; /* same padding left-right as .documentation */ } .documentation-startbox { padding-bottom: 3px; border-bottom: 1px solid var( --border-color-base, #a2a9b1 ); margin-bottom: 1ex; } .documentation-heading { font-weight: bold; font-size: 125%; } body.skin-minerva .documentation-startbox .mw-editsection-like a, body.skin-timeless .documentation-startbox .mw-editsection-like a { display: inline-block; margin-left: 0.3em; margin-right: 0.3em; } .documentation-clear { /* Don't want things to stick out where they shouldn't. */ clear: both; } .documentation-toolbar { font-style: normal; font-size: 85%; } @media screen { html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .documentation, html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .documentation-metadata { background-color: #0b1e1c; } } @media screen and ( prefers-color-scheme: dark ) { html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .documentation, html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .documentation-metadata { background-color: #0b1e1c; } } ohekqp4ao232tow40gho8bknn5qdpvd 74282 74281 2026-09-09T16:22:16Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Module:Documentation/styles.css]]: Importing Orphan Template 74281 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp|small=yes}} */ .documentation, .documentation-metadata { border: 1px solid var( --border-color-base, #a2a9b1 ); background-color: #ecfcf4; color:inherit; clear: both; } .documentation { margin: 1em 0 0 0; padding: 1em; } .documentation-metadata { margin: 0.2em 0; /* same margin left-right as .documentation */ font-style: italic; padding: 0.4em 1em; /* same padding left-right as .documentation */ } .documentation-startbox { padding-bottom: 3px; border-bottom: 1px solid var( --border-color-base, #a2a9b1 ); margin-bottom: 1ex; } .documentation-heading { font-weight: bold; font-size: 125%; } body.skin-minerva .documentation-startbox .mw-editsection-like a, body.skin-timeless .documentation-startbox .mw-editsection-like a { display: inline-block; margin-left: 0.3em; margin-right: 0.3em; } .documentation-clear { /* Don't want things to stick out where they shouldn't. */ clear: both; } .documentation-toolbar { font-style: normal; font-size: 85%; } @media screen { html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .documentation, html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .documentation-metadata { background-color: #0b1e1c; } } @media screen and ( prefers-color-scheme: dark ) { html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .documentation, html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .documentation-metadata { background-color: #0b1e1c; } } ohekqp4ao232tow40gho8bknn5qdpvd Template:Sandbox other 10 9115 74283 28320 2025-08-05T04:52:35Z en>Theknightwho 0 Make substable. 74283 wikitext text/x-wiki <onlyinclude>{{safesubst:<noinclude/>#if:{{safesubst:<noinclude/>#ifeq:{{safesubst:<noinclude/>#invoke:String|sublength|s={{safesubst:<noinclude/>SUBPAGENAME}}|i=0|len=7}}|sandbox|1}}{{safesubst:<noinclude/>#ifeq:{{safesubst:<noinclude/>SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|1}}{{safesubst:<noinclude/>#invoke:String|match|{{safesubst:<noinclude/>PAGENAME}}|/sandbox/styles.css$|plain=false|nomatch=}}|{{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}}}</onlyinclude><!-- -->{{documentation}} qglmfuqapld2v7m2c8ehvpm6ympoljf 74284 74283 2026-09-09T16:22:16Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Template:Sandbox_other]]: Importing Orphan Template 74283 wikitext text/x-wiki <onlyinclude>{{safesubst:<noinclude/>#if:{{safesubst:<noinclude/>#ifeq:{{safesubst:<noinclude/>#invoke:String|sublength|s={{safesubst:<noinclude/>SUBPAGENAME}}|i=0|len=7}}|sandbox|1}}{{safesubst:<noinclude/>#ifeq:{{safesubst:<noinclude/>SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|1}}{{safesubst:<noinclude/>#invoke:String|match|{{safesubst:<noinclude/>PAGENAME}}|/sandbox/styles.css$|plain=false|nomatch=}}|{{{1|}}}|{{{2|}}}}}</onlyinclude><!-- -->{{documentation}} qglmfuqapld2v7m2c8ehvpm6ympoljf Template:Yesno 10 9124 74235 28368 2025-12-06T20:28:33Z en>Pppery 0 Copy from sandbox per request 74235 wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#switch: {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>lc: {{{1|¬}}} }} |no |n |f |false |off |0 = {{{no|}}} | = {{{blank|{{{no|}}}}}} |¬ = {{{¬|}}} |yes |y |t |true |on |1 = {{{yes|yes}}} |#default = {{{def|{{{yes|yes}}}}}} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> ap97tktff18ii0muqd5f4eezydumg5v 74236 74235 2026-09-09T16:22:14Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Template:Yesno]]: Importing Orphan Template 74235 wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#switch: {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>lc: {{{1|¬}}} }} |no |n |f |false |off |0 = {{{no|}}} | = {{{blank|{{{no|}}}}}} |¬ = {{{¬|}}} |yes |y |t |true |on |1 = {{{yes|yes}}} |#default = {{{def|{{{yes|yes}}}}}} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> ap97tktff18ii0muqd5f4eezydumg5v Module:Format link 828 9128 74251 28384 2026-09-09T14:12:29Z en>Ahecht 0 Don't prepend colon for section-only links, fix comment 74251 Scribunto text/plain -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Format link -- -- Makes a wikilink from the given link and display values. Links are escaped -- with colons if necessary, and links to sections are detected and displayed -- with " § " as a separator rather than the standard MediaWiki "#". Used in -- the {{format link}} template. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local libraryUtil = require('libraryUtil') local checkType = libraryUtil.checkType local checkTypeForNamedArg = libraryUtil.checkTypeForNamedArg local mArguments -- lazily initialise [[Module:Arguments]] local mError -- lazily initialise [[Module:Error]] local yesno -- lazily initialise [[Module:Yesno]] local p = {} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Helper functions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function getArgs(frame) -- Fetches the arguments from the parent frame. Whitespace is trimmed and -- blanks are removed. mArguments = require('Module:Arguments') return mArguments.getArgs(frame, {parentOnly = true}) end local function removeInitialColon(s) -- Removes the initial colon from a string, if present. return s:match('^:?(.*)') end local function maybeItalicize(s, shouldItalicize) -- Italicize s if s is a string and the shouldItalicize parameter is true. if s and shouldItalicize then return '<i>' .. s .. '</i>' else return s end end local function parseLink(link) -- Parse a link and return a table with the link's components. -- These components are: -- - link: the link, stripped of any initial colon (always present) -- - page: the page name (may be nil) -- - section: the section name (may be nil) -- - display: the display text, if manually entered after a pipe (may be nil) link = removeInitialColon(link) -- Find whether a faux display value has been added with the {{!}} magic -- word. local prePipe, display = link:match('^(.-)|(.*)$') link = prePipe or link -- Find the page, if it exists. -- For links like [[#Bar]], the page will be nil. local preHash, postHash = link:match('^(.-)#(.*)$') local page if not preHash then -- We have a link like [[Foo]]. page = link elseif preHash ~= '' then -- We have a link like [[Foo#Bar]]. page = preHash end -- Find the section, if it exists. local section if postHash and postHash ~= '' then section = postHash end return { link = link, page = page, section = section, display = display, } end local function formatDisplay(parsed, options) -- Formats a display string based on a parsed link table (matching the -- output of parseLink) and an options table (matching the input options for -- _formatLink). local page = maybeItalicize(parsed.page, options.italicizePage) local section = maybeItalicize(parsed.section, options.italicizeSection) if (not section) then return page elseif (not page) then return mw.ustring.format('§&nbsp;%s', section) else return mw.ustring.format('%s §&nbsp;%s', page, section) end end local function missingArgError(target) mError = require('Module:Error') return mError.error{message = 'Error: no link or target specified! ([[' .. target .. '#Errors|help]])' } end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Main functions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- function p.formatLink(frame) -- The formatLink export function, for use in templates. yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local args = getArgs(frame) local link = args[1] or args.link local target = args[3] or args.target if not (link or target) then return missingArgError('Template:Format link') end return p._formatLink{ link = link, display = args[2] or args.display, target = target, italicizePage = yesno(args.italicizepage), italicizeSection = yesno(args.italicizesection), categorizeMissing = args.categorizemissing } end function p._formatLink(options) -- The formatLink export function, for use in modules. checkType('_formatLink', 1, options, 'table') local function check(key, expectedType) --for brevity checkTypeForNamedArg( '_formatLink', key, options[key], expectedType or 'string', true ) end check('link') check('display') check('target') check('italicizePage', 'boolean') check('italicizeSection', 'boolean') check('categorizeMissing') -- Normalize link and target and check that at least one is present if options.link == '' then options.link = nil end if options.target == '' then options.target = nil end if not (options.link or options.target) then return missingArgError('Module:Format link') end local parsed = parseLink(options.link) local display = options.display or parsed.display local catMissing = options.categorizeMissing local category = '' -- Find the display text if not display then display = formatDisplay(parsed, options) end -- Handle the target option if present if options.target then local parsedTarget = parseLink(options.target) parsed.link = parsedTarget.link parsed.page = parsedTarget.page end -- Test if page exists if a diagnostic category is specified if catMissing and (mw.ustring.len(catMissing) > 0) then local title = nil if parsed.page then title = mw.title.new(parsed.page) end if title and (not title.isExternal) then local success, exists = pcall(function() return title.exists end) if success and not exists then category = mw.ustring.format('[[Category:%s]]', catMissing) end end end -- Prepend colon if appropriate local colon = parsed.page and ":" or "" -- Format the result as a link if parsed.link == display then return mw.ustring.format('[[%s%s]]%s', colon, parsed.link, category) else return mw.ustring.format('[[%s%s|%s]]%s', colon, parsed.link, display, category) end end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Derived convenience functions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- function p.formatPages(options, pages) -- Formats an array of pages using formatLink and the given options table, -- and returns it as an array. Nil values are not allowed. local ret = {} for i, page in ipairs(pages) do ret[i] = p._formatLink{ link = page, categorizeMissing = options.categorizeMissing, italicizePage = options.italicizePage, italicizeSection = options.italicizeSection } end return ret end return p lqsdqkc8gay74cnsh7bqjres2fj3av1 74252 74251 2026-09-09T16:22:15Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Module:Format_link]]: Importing Orphan Template 74251 Scribunto text/plain -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Format link -- -- Makes a wikilink from the given link and display values. Links are escaped -- with colons if necessary, and links to sections are detected and displayed -- with " § " as a separator rather than the standard MediaWiki "#". Used in -- the {{format link}} template. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local libraryUtil = require('libraryUtil') local checkType = libraryUtil.checkType local checkTypeForNamedArg = libraryUtil.checkTypeForNamedArg local mArguments -- lazily initialise [[Module:Arguments]] local mError -- lazily initialise [[Module:Error]] local yesno -- lazily initialise [[Module:Yesno]] local p = {} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Helper functions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function getArgs(frame) -- Fetches the arguments from the parent frame. Whitespace is trimmed and -- blanks are removed. mArguments = require('Module:Arguments') return mArguments.getArgs(frame, {parentOnly = true}) end local function removeInitialColon(s) -- Removes the initial colon from a string, if present. return s:match('^:?(.*)') end local function maybeItalicize(s, shouldItalicize) -- Italicize s if s is a string and the shouldItalicize parameter is true. if s and shouldItalicize then return '<i>' .. s .. '</i>' else return s end end local function parseLink(link) -- Parse a link and return a table with the link's components. -- These components are: -- - link: the link, stripped of any initial colon (always present) -- - page: the page name (may be nil) -- - section: the section name (may be nil) -- - display: the display text, if manually entered after a pipe (may be nil) link = removeInitialColon(link) -- Find whether a faux display value has been added with the {{!}} magic -- word. local prePipe, display = link:match('^(.-)|(.*)$') link = prePipe or link -- Find the page, if it exists. -- For links like [[#Bar]], the page will be nil. local preHash, postHash = link:match('^(.-)#(.*)$') local page if not preHash then -- We have a link like [[Foo]]. page = link elseif preHash ~= '' then -- We have a link like [[Foo#Bar]]. page = preHash end -- Find the section, if it exists. local section if postHash and postHash ~= '' then section = postHash end return { link = link, page = page, section = section, display = display, } end local function formatDisplay(parsed, options) -- Formats a display string based on a parsed link table (matching the -- output of parseLink) and an options table (matching the input options for -- _formatLink). local page = maybeItalicize(parsed.page, options.italicizePage) local section = maybeItalicize(parsed.section, options.italicizeSection) if (not section) then return page elseif (not page) then return mw.ustring.format('§&nbsp;%s', section) else return mw.ustring.format('%s §&nbsp;%s', page, section) end end local function missingArgError(target) mError = require('Module:Error') return mError.error{message = 'Error: no link or target specified! ([[' .. target .. '#Errors|help]])' } end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Main functions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- function p.formatLink(frame) -- The formatLink export function, for use in templates. yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local args = getArgs(frame) local link = args[1] or args.link local target = args[3] or args.target if not (link or target) then return missingArgError('Template:Format link') end return p._formatLink{ link = link, display = args[2] or args.display, target = target, italicizePage = yesno(args.italicizepage), italicizeSection = yesno(args.italicizesection), categorizeMissing = args.categorizemissing } end function p._formatLink(options) -- The formatLink export function, for use in modules. checkType('_formatLink', 1, options, 'table') local function check(key, expectedType) --for brevity checkTypeForNamedArg( '_formatLink', key, options[key], expectedType or 'string', true ) end check('link') check('display') check('target') check('italicizePage', 'boolean') check('italicizeSection', 'boolean') check('categorizeMissing') -- Normalize link and target and check that at least one is present if options.link == '' then options.link = nil end if options.target == '' then options.target = nil end if not (options.link or options.target) then return missingArgError('Module:Format link') end local parsed = parseLink(options.link) local display = options.display or parsed.display local catMissing = options.categorizeMissing local category = '' -- Find the display text if not display then display = formatDisplay(parsed, options) end -- Handle the target option if present if options.target then local parsedTarget = parseLink(options.target) parsed.link = parsedTarget.link parsed.page = parsedTarget.page end -- Test if page exists if a diagnostic category is specified if catMissing and (mw.ustring.len(catMissing) > 0) then local title = nil if parsed.page then title = mw.title.new(parsed.page) end if title and (not title.isExternal) then local success, exists = pcall(function() return title.exists end) if success and not exists then category = mw.ustring.format('[[Category:%s]]', catMissing) end end end -- Prepend colon if appropriate local colon = parsed.page and ":" or "" -- Format the result as a link if parsed.link == display then return mw.ustring.format('[[%s%s]]%s', colon, parsed.link, category) else return mw.ustring.format('[[%s%s|%s]]%s', colon, parsed.link, display, category) end end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Derived convenience functions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- function p.formatPages(options, pages) -- Formats an array of pages using formatLink and the given options table, -- and returns it as an array. Nil values are not allowed. local ret = {} for i, page in ipairs(pages) do ret[i] = p._formatLink{ link = page, categorizeMissing = options.categorizeMissing, italicizePage = options.italicizePage, italicizeSection = options.italicizeSection } end return ret end return p lqsdqkc8gay74cnsh7bqjres2fj3av1 Module:Hatnote 828 9129 74253 28386 2025-03-18T15:47:33Z en>Ahecht 0 Revert 74253 Scribunto text/plain -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Module:Hatnote -- -- -- -- This module produces hatnote links and links to related articles. It -- -- implements the {{hatnote}} and {{format link}} meta-templates and includes -- -- helper functions for other Lua hatnote modules. -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local libraryUtil = require('libraryUtil') local checkType = libraryUtil.checkType local checkTypeForNamedArg = libraryUtil.checkTypeForNamedArg local mArguments -- lazily initialise [[Module:Arguments]] local yesno -- lazily initialise [[Module:Yesno]] local formatLink -- lazily initialise [[Module:Format link]] ._formatLink local p = {} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Helper functions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function getArgs(frame) -- Fetches the arguments from the parent frame. Whitespace is trimmed and -- blanks are removed. mArguments = require('Module:Arguments') return mArguments.getArgs(frame, {parentOnly = true}) end local function removeInitialColon(s) -- Removes the initial colon from a string, if present. return s:match('^:?(.*)') end function p.defaultClasses(inline) -- Provides the default hatnote classes as a space-separated string; useful -- for hatnote-manipulation modules like [[Module:Hatnote group]]. return (inline == 1 and 'hatnote-inline' or 'hatnote') .. ' ' .. 'navigation-not-searchable' end function p.disambiguate(page, disambiguator) -- Formats a page title with a disambiguation parenthetical, -- i.e. "Example" → "Example (disambiguation)". checkType('disambiguate', 1, page, 'string') checkType('disambiguate', 2, disambiguator, 'string', true) disambiguator = disambiguator or 'disambiguation' return mw.ustring.format('%s (%s)', page, disambiguator) end function p.findNamespaceId(link, removeColon) -- Finds the namespace id (namespace number) of a link or a pagename. This -- function will not work if the link is enclosed in double brackets. Colons -- are trimmed from the start of the link by default. To skip colon -- trimming, set the removeColon parameter to false. checkType('findNamespaceId', 1, link, 'string') checkType('findNamespaceId', 2, removeColon, 'boolean', true) if removeColon ~= false then link = removeInitialColon(link) end local namespace = link:match('^(.-):') if namespace then local nsTable = mw.site.namespaces[namespace] if nsTable then return nsTable.id end end return 0 end function p.makeWikitextError(msg, helpLink, addTrackingCategory, title) -- Formats an error message to be returned to wikitext. If -- addTrackingCategory is not false after being returned from -- [[Module:Yesno]], and if we are not on a talk page, a tracking category -- is added. checkType('makeWikitextError', 1, msg, 'string') checkType('makeWikitextError', 2, helpLink, 'string', true) yesno = require('Module:Yesno') title = title or mw.title.getCurrentTitle() -- Make the help link text. local helpText if helpLink then helpText = ' ([[' .. helpLink .. '|help]])' else helpText = '' end -- Make the category text. local category if not title.isTalkPage -- Don't categorise talk pages and title.namespace ~= 2 -- Don't categorise userspace and yesno(addTrackingCategory) ~= false -- Allow opting out then category = 'Hatnote templates with errors' category = mw.ustring.format( '[[%s:%s]]', mw.site.namespaces[14].name, category ) else category = '' end return mw.ustring.format( '<strong class="error">Error: %s%s.</strong>%s', msg, helpText, category ) end local curNs = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace p.missingTargetCat = --Default missing target category, exported for use in related modules ((curNs == 0) or (curNs == 14)) and 'Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page' or nil function p.quote(title) --Wraps titles in quotation marks. If the title starts/ends with a quotation --mark, kerns that side as with {{-'}} local quotationMarks = { ["'"]=true, ['"']=true, ['“']=true, ["‘"]=true, ['”']=true, ["’"]=true } local quoteLeft, quoteRight = -- Test if start/end are quotation marks quotationMarks[string.sub(title, 1, 1)], quotationMarks[string.sub(title, -1, -1)] if quoteLeft or quoteRight then title = mw.html.create("span"):wikitext(title) end if quoteLeft then title:css("padding-left", "0.15em") end if quoteRight then title:css("padding-right", "0.15em") end return '"' .. tostring(title) .. '"' end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Hatnote -- -- Produces standard hatnote text. Implements the {{hatnote}} template. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p[''] = function (frame) return p.hatnote(frame:newChild{ title = "Template:Hatnote" }) end function p.hatnote(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) local s = args[1] if not s then return p.makeWikitextError( 'no text specified', 'Template:Hatnote#Errors', args.category ) end return p._hatnote(s, { extraclasses = args.extraclasses, selfref = args.selfref }) end function p._hatnote(s, options) checkType('_hatnote', 1, s, 'string') checkType('_hatnote', 2, options, 'table', true) options = options or {} local inline = options.inline local hatnote = mw.html.create(inline == 1 and 'span' or 'div') local extraclasses if type(options.extraclasses) == 'string' then extraclasses = options.extraclasses end hatnote :attr('role', 'note') :addClass(p.defaultClasses(inline)) :addClass(extraclasses) :addClass(options.selfref and 'selfref' or nil) :wikitext(s) return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = 'Module:Hatnote/styles.css' } } .. tostring(hatnote) end return p qps4k9ys6ba1dq9msz6m6lq3kfc4w6t 74254 74253 2026-09-09T16:22:15Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Module:Hatnote]]: Importing Orphan Template 74253 Scribunto text/plain -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Module:Hatnote -- -- -- -- This module produces hatnote links and links to related articles. It -- -- implements the {{hatnote}} and {{format link}} meta-templates and includes -- -- helper functions for other Lua hatnote modules. -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local libraryUtil = require('libraryUtil') local checkType = libraryUtil.checkType local checkTypeForNamedArg = libraryUtil.checkTypeForNamedArg local mArguments -- lazily initialise [[Module:Arguments]] local yesno -- lazily initialise [[Module:Yesno]] local formatLink -- lazily initialise [[Module:Format link]] ._formatLink local p = {} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Helper functions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function getArgs(frame) -- Fetches the arguments from the parent frame. Whitespace is trimmed and -- blanks are removed. mArguments = require('Module:Arguments') return mArguments.getArgs(frame, {parentOnly = true}) end local function removeInitialColon(s) -- Removes the initial colon from a string, if present. return s:match('^:?(.*)') end function p.defaultClasses(inline) -- Provides the default hatnote classes as a space-separated string; useful -- for hatnote-manipulation modules like [[Module:Hatnote group]]. return (inline == 1 and 'hatnote-inline' or 'hatnote') .. ' ' .. 'navigation-not-searchable' end function p.disambiguate(page, disambiguator) -- Formats a page title with a disambiguation parenthetical, -- i.e. "Example" → "Example (disambiguation)". checkType('disambiguate', 1, page, 'string') checkType('disambiguate', 2, disambiguator, 'string', true) disambiguator = disambiguator or 'disambiguation' return mw.ustring.format('%s (%s)', page, disambiguator) end function p.findNamespaceId(link, removeColon) -- Finds the namespace id (namespace number) of a link or a pagename. This -- function will not work if the link is enclosed in double brackets. Colons -- are trimmed from the start of the link by default. To skip colon -- trimming, set the removeColon parameter to false. checkType('findNamespaceId', 1, link, 'string') checkType('findNamespaceId', 2, removeColon, 'boolean', true) if removeColon ~= false then link = removeInitialColon(link) end local namespace = link:match('^(.-):') if namespace then local nsTable = mw.site.namespaces[namespace] if nsTable then return nsTable.id end end return 0 end function p.makeWikitextError(msg, helpLink, addTrackingCategory, title) -- Formats an error message to be returned to wikitext. If -- addTrackingCategory is not false after being returned from -- [[Module:Yesno]], and if we are not on a talk page, a tracking category -- is added. checkType('makeWikitextError', 1, msg, 'string') checkType('makeWikitextError', 2, helpLink, 'string', true) yesno = require('Module:Yesno') title = title or mw.title.getCurrentTitle() -- Make the help link text. local helpText if helpLink then helpText = ' ([[' .. helpLink .. '|help]])' else helpText = '' end -- Make the category text. local category if not title.isTalkPage -- Don't categorise talk pages and title.namespace ~= 2 -- Don't categorise userspace and yesno(addTrackingCategory) ~= false -- Allow opting out then category = 'Hatnote templates with errors' category = mw.ustring.format( '[[%s:%s]]', mw.site.namespaces[14].name, category ) else category = '' end return mw.ustring.format( '<strong class="error">Error: %s%s.</strong>%s', msg, helpText, category ) end local curNs = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace p.missingTargetCat = --Default missing target category, exported for use in related modules ((curNs == 0) or (curNs == 14)) and 'Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page' or nil function p.quote(title) --Wraps titles in quotation marks. If the title starts/ends with a quotation --mark, kerns that side as with {{-'}} local quotationMarks = { ["'"]=true, ['"']=true, ['“']=true, ["‘"]=true, ['”']=true, ["’"]=true } local quoteLeft, quoteRight = -- Test if start/end are quotation marks quotationMarks[string.sub(title, 1, 1)], quotationMarks[string.sub(title, -1, -1)] if quoteLeft or quoteRight then title = mw.html.create("span"):wikitext(title) end if quoteLeft then title:css("padding-left", "0.15em") end if quoteRight then title:css("padding-right", "0.15em") end return '"' .. tostring(title) .. '"' end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Hatnote -- -- Produces standard hatnote text. Implements the {{hatnote}} template. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- p[''] = function (frame) return p.hatnote(frame:newChild{ title = "Template:Hatnote" }) end function p.hatnote(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) local s = args[1] if not s then return p.makeWikitextError( 'no text specified', 'Template:Hatnote#Errors', args.category ) end return p._hatnote(s, { extraclasses = args.extraclasses, selfref = args.selfref }) end function p._hatnote(s, options) checkType('_hatnote', 1, s, 'string') checkType('_hatnote', 2, options, 'table', true) options = options or {} local inline = options.inline local hatnote = mw.html.create(inline == 1 and 'span' or 'div') local extraclasses if type(options.extraclasses) == 'string' then extraclasses = options.extraclasses end hatnote :attr('role', 'note') :addClass(p.defaultClasses(inline)) :addClass(extraclasses) :addClass(options.selfref and 'selfref' or nil) :wikitext(s) return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag{ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = 'Module:Hatnote/styles.css' } } .. tostring(hatnote) end return p qps4k9ys6ba1dq9msz6m6lq3kfc4w6t Module:Hatnote/styles.css 828 9130 74255 28388 2026-08-09T16:48:05Z en>Izno 0 Parsoid is now the one true parser 74255 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp|small=y}} */ .hatnote { font-style: italic; } /* Limit structure CSS to divs because of [[Module:Hatnote inline]] */ div.hatnote { /* @noflip */ padding-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; } .hatnote i { font-style: normal; } /* Templatestyles causes an 'empty' span between hatnotes. * See also [[phab:T200206]] for later */ .hatnote + .mw-empty-elt + .hatnote { margin-top: -0.5em; } @media print { body.ns-0 .hatnote { display: none !important; } } kcpl5b33dm6ymty930mbmszl720l5oi 74256 74255 2026-09-09T16:22:15Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Module:Hatnote/styles.css]]: Importing Orphan Template 74255 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp|small=y}} */ .hatnote { font-style: italic; } /* Limit structure CSS to divs because of [[Module:Hatnote inline]] */ div.hatnote { /* @noflip */ padding-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; } .hatnote i { font-style: normal; } /* Templatestyles causes an 'empty' span between hatnotes. * See also [[phab:T200206]] for later */ .hatnote + .mw-empty-elt + .hatnote { margin-top: -0.5em; } @media print { body.ns-0 .hatnote { display: none !important; } } kcpl5b33dm6ymty930mbmszl720l5oi Module:Hatnote list 828 9131 74257 28390 2023-11-13T21:00:31Z en>Nihiltres 0 Updated from sandbox: added support for punctuation collapse when text is italicized. The update's content includes changes by users Johnuniq, Dexxor, and Nihiltres. 74257 Scribunto text/plain -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Module:Hatnote list -- -- -- -- This module produces and formats lists for use in hatnotes. In particular, -- -- it implements the for-see list, i.e. lists of "For X, see Y" statements, -- -- as used in {{about}}, {{redirect}}, and their variants. Also introduced -- -- are andList & orList helpers for formatting lists with those conjunctions. -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local mArguments --initialize lazily local mFormatLink = require('Module:Format link') local mHatnote = require('Module:Hatnote') local libraryUtil = require('libraryUtil') local checkType = libraryUtil.checkType local p = {} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- List stringification helper functions -- -- These functions are used for stringifying lists, usually page lists inside -- the "Y" portion of "For X, see Y" for-see items. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --default options table used across the list stringification functions local stringifyListDefaultOptions = { conjunction = "and", separator = ",", altSeparator = ";", space = " ", formatted = false } --Searches display text only local function searchDisp(haystack, needle) return string.find( string.sub(haystack, (string.find(haystack, '|') or 0) + 1), needle ) end -- Stringifies a list generically; probably shouldn't be used directly local function stringifyList(list, options) -- Type-checks, defaults, and a shortcut checkType("stringifyList", 1, list, "table") if #list == 0 then return nil end checkType("stringifyList", 2, options, "table", true) options = options or {} for k, v in pairs(stringifyListDefaultOptions) do if options[k] == nil then options[k] = v end end local s = options.space -- Format the list if requested if options.formatted then list = mFormatLink.formatPages( {categorizeMissing = mHatnote.missingTargetCat}, list ) end -- Set the separator; if any item contains it, use the alternate separator local separator = options.separator for k, v in pairs(list) do if searchDisp(v, separator) then separator = options.altSeparator break end end -- Set the conjunction, apply Oxford comma, and force a comma if #1 has "§" local conjunction = s .. options.conjunction .. s if #list == 2 and searchDisp(list[1], "§") or #list > 2 then conjunction = separator .. conjunction end -- Return the formatted string return mw.text.listToText(list, separator .. s, conjunction) end --DRY function function p.conjList (conj, list, fmt) return stringifyList(list, {conjunction = conj, formatted = fmt}) end -- Stringifies lists with "and" or "or" function p.andList (...) return p.conjList("and", ...) end function p.orList (...) return p.conjList("or", ...) end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- For see -- -- Makes a "For X, see [[Y]]." list from raw parameters. Intended for the -- {{about}} and {{redirect}} templates and their variants. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --default options table used across the forSee family of functions local forSeeDefaultOptions = { andKeyword = 'and', title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text, otherText = 'other uses', forSeeForm = 'For %s, see %s.', } --Collapses duplicate punctuation at end of string, ignoring italics and links local function punctuationCollapse (text) return text:match("[.?!]('?)%1(%]?)%2%.$") and text:sub(1, -2) or text end -- Structures arguments into a table for stringification, & options function p.forSeeArgsToTable (args, from, options) -- Type-checks and defaults checkType("forSeeArgsToTable", 1, args, 'table') checkType("forSeeArgsToTable", 2, from, 'number', true) from = from or 1 checkType("forSeeArgsToTable", 3, options, 'table', true) options = options or {} for k, v in pairs(forSeeDefaultOptions) do if options[k] == nil then options[k] = v end end -- maxArg's gotten manually because getArgs() and table.maxn aren't friends local maxArg = 0 for k, v in pairs(args) do if type(k) == 'number' and k > maxArg then maxArg = k end end -- Structure the data out from the parameter list: -- * forTable is the wrapper table, with forRow rows -- * Rows are tables of a "use" string & a "pages" table of pagename strings -- * Blanks are left empty for defaulting elsewhere, but can terminate list local forTable = {} local i = from local terminated = false -- If there is extra text, and no arguments are given, give nil value -- to not produce default of "For other uses, see foo (disambiguation)" if options.extratext and i > maxArg then return nil end -- Loop to generate rows repeat -- New empty row local forRow = {} -- On blank use, assume list's ended & break at end of this loop forRow.use = args[i] if not args[i] then terminated = true end -- New empty list of pages forRow.pages = {} -- Insert first pages item if present table.insert(forRow.pages, args[i + 1]) -- If the param after next is "and", do inner loop to collect params -- until the "and"'s stop. Blanks are ignored: "1|and||and|3" → {1, 3} while args[i + 2] == options.andKeyword do if args[i + 3] then table.insert(forRow.pages, args[i + 3]) end -- Increment to next "and" i = i + 2 end -- Increment to next use i = i + 2 -- Append the row table.insert(forTable, forRow) until terminated or i > maxArg return forTable end -- Stringifies a table as formatted by forSeeArgsToTable function p.forSeeTableToString (forSeeTable, options) -- Type-checks and defaults checkType("forSeeTableToString", 1, forSeeTable, "table", true) checkType("forSeeTableToString", 2, options, "table", true) options = options or {} for k, v in pairs(forSeeDefaultOptions) do if options[k] == nil then options[k] = v end end -- Stringify each for-see item into a list local strList = {} if forSeeTable then for k, v in pairs(forSeeTable) do local useStr = v.use or options.otherText local pagesStr = p.andList(v.pages, true) or mFormatLink._formatLink{ categorizeMissing = mHatnote.missingTargetCat, link = mHatnote.disambiguate(options.title) } local forSeeStr = string.format(options.forSeeForm, useStr, pagesStr) forSeeStr = punctuationCollapse(forSeeStr) table.insert(strList, forSeeStr) end end if options.extratext then table.insert(strList, punctuationCollapse(options.extratext..'.')) end -- Return the concatenated list return table.concat(strList, ' ') end -- Produces a "For X, see [[Y]]" string from arguments. Expects index gaps -- but not blank/whitespace values. Ignores named args and args < "from". function p._forSee (args, from, options) local forSeeTable = p.forSeeArgsToTable(args, from, options) return p.forSeeTableToString(forSeeTable, options) end -- As _forSee, but uses the frame. function p.forSee (frame, from, options) mArguments = require('Module:Arguments') return p._forSee(mArguments.getArgs(frame), from, options) end return p 3c31ivxc2t731ceyfvqcqlnp9acgg3s 74258 74257 2026-09-09T16:22:15Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Module:Hatnote_list]]: Importing Orphan Template 74257 Scribunto text/plain -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Module:Hatnote list -- -- -- -- This module produces and formats lists for use in hatnotes. In particular, -- -- it implements the for-see list, i.e. lists of "For X, see Y" statements, -- -- as used in {{about}}, {{redirect}}, and their variants. Also introduced -- -- are andList & orList helpers for formatting lists with those conjunctions. -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local mArguments --initialize lazily local mFormatLink = require('Module:Format link') local mHatnote = require('Module:Hatnote') local libraryUtil = require('libraryUtil') local checkType = libraryUtil.checkType local p = {} -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- List stringification helper functions -- -- These functions are used for stringifying lists, usually page lists inside -- the "Y" portion of "For X, see Y" for-see items. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --default options table used across the list stringification functions local stringifyListDefaultOptions = { conjunction = "and", separator = ",", altSeparator = ";", space = " ", formatted = false } --Searches display text only local function searchDisp(haystack, needle) return string.find( string.sub(haystack, (string.find(haystack, '|') or 0) + 1), needle ) end -- Stringifies a list generically; probably shouldn't be used directly local function stringifyList(list, options) -- Type-checks, defaults, and a shortcut checkType("stringifyList", 1, list, "table") if #list == 0 then return nil end checkType("stringifyList", 2, options, "table", true) options = options or {} for k, v in pairs(stringifyListDefaultOptions) do if options[k] == nil then options[k] = v end end local s = options.space -- Format the list if requested if options.formatted then list = mFormatLink.formatPages( {categorizeMissing = mHatnote.missingTargetCat}, list ) end -- Set the separator; if any item contains it, use the alternate separator local separator = options.separator for k, v in pairs(list) do if searchDisp(v, separator) then separator = options.altSeparator break end end -- Set the conjunction, apply Oxford comma, and force a comma if #1 has "§" local conjunction = s .. options.conjunction .. s if #list == 2 and searchDisp(list[1], "§") or #list > 2 then conjunction = separator .. conjunction end -- Return the formatted string return mw.text.listToText(list, separator .. s, conjunction) end --DRY function function p.conjList (conj, list, fmt) return stringifyList(list, {conjunction = conj, formatted = fmt}) end -- Stringifies lists with "and" or "or" function p.andList (...) return p.conjList("and", ...) end function p.orList (...) return p.conjList("or", ...) end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- For see -- -- Makes a "For X, see [[Y]]." list from raw parameters. Intended for the -- {{about}} and {{redirect}} templates and their variants. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --default options table used across the forSee family of functions local forSeeDefaultOptions = { andKeyword = 'and', title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text, otherText = 'other uses', forSeeForm = 'For %s, see %s.', } --Collapses duplicate punctuation at end of string, ignoring italics and links local function punctuationCollapse (text) return text:match("[.?!]('?)%1(%]?)%2%.$") and text:sub(1, -2) or text end -- Structures arguments into a table for stringification, & options function p.forSeeArgsToTable (args, from, options) -- Type-checks and defaults checkType("forSeeArgsToTable", 1, args, 'table') checkType("forSeeArgsToTable", 2, from, 'number', true) from = from or 1 checkType("forSeeArgsToTable", 3, options, 'table', true) options = options or {} for k, v in pairs(forSeeDefaultOptions) do if options[k] == nil then options[k] = v end end -- maxArg's gotten manually because getArgs() and table.maxn aren't friends local maxArg = 0 for k, v in pairs(args) do if type(k) == 'number' and k > maxArg then maxArg = k end end -- Structure the data out from the parameter list: -- * forTable is the wrapper table, with forRow rows -- * Rows are tables of a "use" string & a "pages" table of pagename strings -- * Blanks are left empty for defaulting elsewhere, but can terminate list local forTable = {} local i = from local terminated = false -- If there is extra text, and no arguments are given, give nil value -- to not produce default of "For other uses, see foo (disambiguation)" if options.extratext and i > maxArg then return nil end -- Loop to generate rows repeat -- New empty row local forRow = {} -- On blank use, assume list's ended & break at end of this loop forRow.use = args[i] if not args[i] then terminated = true end -- New empty list of pages forRow.pages = {} -- Insert first pages item if present table.insert(forRow.pages, args[i + 1]) -- If the param after next is "and", do inner loop to collect params -- until the "and"'s stop. Blanks are ignored: "1|and||and|3" → {1, 3} while args[i + 2] == options.andKeyword do if args[i + 3] then table.insert(forRow.pages, args[i + 3]) end -- Increment to next "and" i = i + 2 end -- Increment to next use i = i + 2 -- Append the row table.insert(forTable, forRow) until terminated or i > maxArg return forTable end -- Stringifies a table as formatted by forSeeArgsToTable function p.forSeeTableToString (forSeeTable, options) -- Type-checks and defaults checkType("forSeeTableToString", 1, forSeeTable, "table", true) checkType("forSeeTableToString", 2, options, "table", true) options = options or {} for k, v in pairs(forSeeDefaultOptions) do if options[k] == nil then options[k] = v end end -- Stringify each for-see item into a list local strList = {} if forSeeTable then for k, v in pairs(forSeeTable) do local useStr = v.use or options.otherText local pagesStr = p.andList(v.pages, true) or mFormatLink._formatLink{ categorizeMissing = mHatnote.missingTargetCat, link = mHatnote.disambiguate(options.title) } local forSeeStr = string.format(options.forSeeForm, useStr, pagesStr) forSeeStr = punctuationCollapse(forSeeStr) table.insert(strList, forSeeStr) end end if options.extratext then table.insert(strList, punctuationCollapse(options.extratext..'.')) end -- Return the concatenated list return table.concat(strList, ' ') end -- Produces a "For X, see [[Y]]" string from arguments. Expects index gaps -- but not blank/whitespace values. Ignores named args and args < "from". function p._forSee (args, from, options) local forSeeTable = p.forSeeArgsToTable(args, from, options) return p.forSeeTableToString(forSeeTable, options) end -- As _forSee, but uses the frame. function p.forSee (frame, from, options) mArguments = require('Module:Arguments') return p._forSee(mArguments.getArgs(frame), from, options) end return p 3c31ivxc2t731ceyfvqcqlnp9acgg3s Template:For 10 9133 74265 28394 2026-07-06T22:03:12Z en>Jonesey95 0 Undid 3 revisions from [[Special:Diff/1362844261|1362844261]] until [[Special:Diff/1362895215|1362895215]]. Self-revert. It turns out that [[:Category:Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page]] already existed 28393 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:For|For}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 7es2p1mk6qse8zlwn5qqya2ysrq1rcr 74266 74265 2026-09-09T16:22:16Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Template:For]]: Importing Orphan Template 28393 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:For|For}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 7es2p1mk6qse8zlwn5qqya2ysrq1rcr Template:Documentation subpage 10 9136 74285 28404 2026-07-26T21:53:49Z en>Jlwoodwa 0 [[mw:Help:Magic words#EXPECTED_UNCONNECTED_PAGE|__EXPECTED_UNCONNECTED_PAGE__]] 74285 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{SUBPAGENAME}}}} |{{{override|doc}}} | <!--(this template has been transcluded on a /doc or /{{{override}}} page)--> </includeonly><!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{{doc-notice|show}}} |show | {{Mbox | type = notice | style = margin-bottom:1.0em; | image = [[File:Edit-copy green.svg|40px|alt=icon]] | text = {{strong|This is a [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|documentation subpage]]}} for {{terminate sentence|{{{1|[[:{{SUBJECTSPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}]]}}}}}<br />It may contain usage information, [[Wikipedia:Categorization|categories]] and other content that is not part of the original {{#if:{{{text2|}}} |{{{text2}}} |{{#if:{{{text1|}}} |{{{text1}}} |{{#ifeq:{{SUBJECTSPACE}} |{{ns:User}} |{{lc:{{SUBJECTSPACE}}}} template page |{{#if:{{SUBJECTSPACE}} |{{lc:{{SUBJECTSPACE}}}} page|article}}}}}}}}. }} }}<!-- -->{{DEFAULTSORT:{{{defaultsort|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}<!-- --><includeonly>__EXPECTED_UNCONNECTED_PAGE__</includeonly><!-- -->{{#if:{{{nocat|}}}{{{inhibit|}}}|<!--(don't categorize)--> |<includeonly><!-- -->{{#ifexist:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}} | [[Category:{{#switch:{{SUBJECTSPACE}} |Template=Template |Module=Module |User=User |#default=Wikipedia}} documentation pages]] | [[Category:Documentation subpages without corresponding pages]] }}<!-- --></includeonly> }}<!-- (completing initial #ifeq: at start of template:) --><includeonly> | <!--(this template has not been transcluded on a /doc or /{{{override}}} page)--> }}<!-- --></includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> iwz7dreef73y68fx96yxyj3ry6l1x58 74286 74285 2026-09-09T16:22:17Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Template:Documentation_subpage]]: Importing Orphan Template 74285 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{lc:{{SUBPAGENAME}}}} |{{{override|doc}}} | <!--(this template has been transcluded on a /doc or /{{{override}}} page)--> </includeonly><!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{{doc-notice|show}}} |show | {{Mbox | type = notice | style = margin-bottom:1.0em; | image = [[File:Edit-copy green.svg|40px|alt=icon]] | text = {{strong|This is a [[Wikipedia:Template documentation|documentation subpage]]}} for {{terminate sentence|{{{1|[[:{{SUBJECTSPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}]]}}}}}<br />It may contain usage information, [[Wikipedia:Categorization|categories]] and other content that is not part of the original {{#if:{{{text2|}}} |{{{text2}}} |{{#if:{{{text1|}}} |{{{text1}}} |{{#ifeq:{{SUBJECTSPACE}} |{{ns:User}} |{{lc:{{SUBJECTSPACE}}}} template page |{{#if:{{SUBJECTSPACE}} |{{lc:{{SUBJECTSPACE}}}} page|article}}}}}}}}. }} }}<!-- -->{{DEFAULTSORT:{{{defaultsort|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}<!-- --><includeonly>__EXPECTED_UNCONNECTED_PAGE__</includeonly><!-- -->{{#if:{{{nocat|}}}{{{inhibit|}}}|<!--(don't categorize)--> |<includeonly><!-- -->{{#ifexist:{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}} | [[Category:{{#switch:{{SUBJECTSPACE}} |Template=Template |Module=Module |User=User |#default=Wikipedia}} documentation pages]] | [[Category:Documentation subpages without corresponding pages]] }}<!-- --></includeonly> }}<!-- (completing initial #ifeq: at start of template:) --><includeonly> | <!--(this template has not been transcluded on a /doc or /{{{override}}} page)--> }}<!-- --></includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> iwz7dreef73y68fx96yxyj3ry6l1x58 Template:TemplateData header 10 9138 74293 28410 2023-12-01T11:27:04Z en>Gonnym 0 fix website link if |1= is used 74293 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="templatedata-header">{{#if:{{{noheader|}}}|<!-- noheader: -->{{Template parameter usage|{{{1|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}|based=y}}|<!-- +header: -->This is the {{#if:{{{nolink|}}}|<!-- +header, nolink TD -->TemplateData|<!-- +header, +link [[TD]]; DEFAULT: -->[[Wikipedia:TemplateData|TemplateData]]}}<!-- e.o. #if:nolink; DEFAULT: --> for this template used by [[mw:Extension:TemplateWizard|TemplateWizard]], [[Wikipedia:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] and other tools. {{Template parameter usage|{{{1|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}|based=y}}<!-- e.o. #if:noheader -->}} '''TemplateData for {{{1|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}''' </div><includeonly><!-- check parameters -->{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check |unknown={{template other|1=[[Category:Pages using TemplateData header with unknown parameters|_VALUE_]]}} |template=Template:TemplateData header |1 |nolink |noheader |preview=<div class="error" style="font-weight:normal">Unknown parameter '_VALUE_' in [[Template:TemplateData header]].</div> }}<!-- -->{{template other|{{sandbox other|| [[Category:Templates using TemplateData]] }}}}</includeonly><!-- --><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> dm3fsfuowxw0chxh4fnnh51ar884k3v 74294 74293 2026-09-09T16:22:17Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Template:TemplateData_header]]: Importing Orphan Template 74293 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="templatedata-header">{{#if:{{{noheader|}}}|<!-- noheader: -->{{Template parameter usage|{{{1|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}|based=y}}|<!-- +header: -->This is the {{#if:{{{nolink|}}}|<!-- +header, nolink TD -->TemplateData|<!-- +header, +link [[TD]]; DEFAULT: -->[[Wikipedia:TemplateData|TemplateData]]}}<!-- e.o. #if:nolink; DEFAULT: --> for this template used by [[mw:Extension:TemplateWizard|TemplateWizard]], [[Wikipedia:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] and other tools. {{Template parameter usage|{{{1|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}|based=y}}<!-- e.o. #if:noheader -->}} '''TemplateData for {{{1|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}}''' </div><includeonly><!-- check parameters -->{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check |unknown={{template other|1=[[Category:Pages using TemplateData header with unknown parameters|_VALUE_]]}} |template=Template:TemplateData header |1 |nolink |noheader |preview=<div class="error" style="font-weight:normal">Unknown parameter '_VALUE_' in [[Template:TemplateData header]].</div> }}<!-- -->{{template other|{{sandbox other|| [[Category:Templates using TemplateData]] }}}}</includeonly><!-- --><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> dm3fsfuowxw0chxh4fnnh51ar884k3v Template:Template parameter usage 10 9139 74295 28412 2023-11-27T06:57:32Z en>Sdkb 0 Partial revert of [[User:SUM1]]'s edit [[Special:Diff/1039918972]] per [[WP:CLICKHERE]] 74295 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch:{{{label|}}} |=[https://bambots.brucemyers.com/TemplateParam.php?wiki=enwiki&template={{Urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME:{{{1|}}}}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}}} {{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{lc}}}}}|no|S|s}}ee a monthly parameter usage report] for {{#if:{{{1|}}}|[[Template:{{ROOTPAGENAME:{{{1|}}}}}]]|this template}} in articles{{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{based}}}}}|yes|&#32;based on {{#if:{{{1|}}}|its|this}} TemplateData}}. |None|none=[https://bambots.brucemyers.com/TemplateParam.php?wiki=enwiki&template={{Urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME:{{{1|}}}}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}}} {{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{lc}}}}}|no|P|p}}arameter usage report]{{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{based}}}}}|yes|&#32;based on {{#if:{{{1|}}}|its|this}} TemplateData}} |for|For=[https://bambots.brucemyers.com/TemplateParam.php?wiki=enwiki&template={{Urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME:{{{1|}}}}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}}} {{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{lc}}}}}|no|P|p}}arameter usage report] for {{#if:{{{1|}}}|[[Template:{{ROOTPAGENAME:{{{1|}}}}}]]|[[Template:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}]]}}{{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{based}}}}}|yes|&#32;based on {{#if:{{{1|}}}|its|this}} TemplateData}}. |#default=[https://bambots.brucemyers.com/TemplateParam.php?wiki=enwiki&template={{Urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME:{{{1|}}}}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}}} {{{label|}}}]{{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{based}}}}}|yes|&#32;based on {{#if:{{{1|}}}|its|this}} TemplateData}} }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> fenf674wxid9swzlpd9p77yc9n9kzm0 74296 74295 2026-09-09T16:22:17Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Template:Template_parameter_usage]]: Importing Orphan Template 74295 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch:{{{label|}}} |=[https://bambots.brucemyers.com/TemplateParam.php?wiki=enwiki&template={{Urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME:{{{1|}}}}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}}} {{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{lc}}}}}|no|S|s}}ee a monthly parameter usage report] for {{#if:{{{1|}}}|[[Template:{{ROOTPAGENAME:{{{1|}}}}}]]|this template}} in articles{{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{based}}}}}|yes|&#32;based on {{#if:{{{1|}}}|its|this}} TemplateData}}. |None|none=[https://bambots.brucemyers.com/TemplateParam.php?wiki=enwiki&template={{Urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME:{{{1|}}}}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}}} {{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{lc}}}}}|no|P|p}}arameter usage report]{{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{based}}}}}|yes|&#32;based on {{#if:{{{1|}}}|its|this}} TemplateData}} |for|For=[https://bambots.brucemyers.com/TemplateParam.php?wiki=enwiki&template={{Urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME:{{{1|}}}}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}}} {{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{lc}}}}}|no|P|p}}arameter usage report] for {{#if:{{{1|}}}|[[Template:{{ROOTPAGENAME:{{{1|}}}}}]]|[[Template:{{ROOTPAGENAME}}]]}}{{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{based}}}}}|yes|&#32;based on {{#if:{{{1|}}}|its|this}} TemplateData}}. |#default=[https://bambots.brucemyers.com/TemplateParam.php?wiki=enwiki&template={{Urlencode:{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME:{{{1|}}}}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}}}}} {{{label|}}}]{{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{based}}}}}|yes|&#32;based on {{#if:{{{1|}}}|its|this}} TemplateData}} }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> fenf674wxid9swzlpd9p77yc9n9kzm0 Sylvia Nagginda 0 9685 74196 48472 2026-09-09T13:51:11Z Lillylove256 10862 ntereezeza ebijuliziddwa ne ku mutindo 74196 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sylvia Nagginda Luswata''' yazaalibwa 9 Ogwekuminoogumu 1962 nga ye Nnaabagereka wa [[:en:Buganda|Buganda]], Obwakaba obw'ebyafaayo mu Masekkati ga Uganda.<ref name="About">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_Monitor</ref> == Ebimukwatako == Nagginda yazaalibwa mu Bungereza mu 1962 nga John Mulumba Luswata yeeyali kitaawe okuba e [[:en:Entebbe|Nkumba, Entebbe]] , ate maama we ye Rebecca Nakintu Musoke<ref name="About" /> nga yakomawo mu Uganda oluvannyuma n'akuzibwa bajjajja bbe ab'ekika ky'Omusu. Ye muzukulu wa George William Musoke ne Nora Musoke ab'e Nnazigo mu ssaza ly'e Kyaggwe, n'Omutaka Nelson Nkalubo Sebugwawo ne Catherine Sebugwawo ab'e Nkumba. Alina bannyina basatu nebaganda bbe basatu .<ref name="About" /><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230129231726/https://www.buganda.or.ug/nnabagereka</ref> == Emisomo gye == Sylvia yasomera ku Lake Victoria Primary School erisinganibwa Entebbe, Gayaza Junior School, ne [[:en:Wanyange_Girls_School|Wanyange Girls School]]. Oluvannyuma lw'okumaliriza [[:en:Secondary_school|okusoma siniya]], yagenda mu ggwanga lya Amerika okweyongerayo n'emisomo gye. Yafuna diguli ye eyasooka nga kuliko ebitiibwa okuva mu setendekero lya [[:en:City_University_of_New_York|City University of New York]], diguli ya 'Arts' okuva mu setendekero lya [[:en:New_York_University|New York University]], ne [[:en:Master_of_Arts|diguli ey'okubiri mu Arts]] mu by'amawulire okuva mutendekero lya [[:en:New_York_Institute_of_Technology|New York Institute of Technology]]. == Obukugu bwe mu by'okukola == Sylvia yagenda okukola mu ofiisi eyali efulumya obubaka eri abantu n'okukola okunoonyereza mu kitebe ky'ekitongole [[:en:United_Nations|ky'amawanga amagate]] ekikulu mu New York, ng'eyali awandiika enteeka teeka ezinaagobererwa ngali ne ne [[:en:Maximus_Inc.|Maximus Inc.]], ate ng'akola yekka mu by'okwebuzibwako ku bikwatagana ku bantu n'okukulakulanya bizineensi ne kampuni ez'enjawulo. Akozesezza obukugu bwe mu bintu eby'enjawulo [[:en:Public_information|ng'okutuusa obubaka eri abantu]], okunoonyereza ku by'enfuna eby'ebulamu bw'abantu n'okutuusa obuyambi eri abantu n'okukola ebintu ebitakomyawo magoba munsi yonna. Y'omu kubaatandikawo ekibiina ekiyitibwa [[:en:African_Queens_and_Women_Cultural_Leaders_Network|African Queens and Women Cultural Leaders Network]], ekiteeka esira kukukulakulanya obulamu bw'abakyala n'abaana ku semazinga wa Afrika". Ekikwatagana n'ebitongole okuli ekya [[:en:African_Union|African Union]], [[:en:United_Nations|eky'amawanga amagatte]] wamu ne gavumenti za Afrika.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Vision |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/646812-buganda-s-nnaabagereka-is-africa-s-gift.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20250222012203/https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/646812-buganda-s-nnaabagereka-is-africa-s-gift.html |archive-date=2025-02-22 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.newvision.co.ug |language=en}}</ref> Nnaabagereka ayambako ku Kabaka's Education Fund okusobola okufuul eby'enjigiriza okubeera nga bituuka eri abaana abataliiko ayamba nga bayita mukubawa basale oba okusomera obweereere. Alwanirira okulaba nga wabeerawo eby'enjigiriza eby'amaanyi ng'ate birungi ng bituuka eri buli mwana ng'ate bitukana n'ebyetaago by'ekitundu.<ref name="Heart">{{Cite web |date=2020-09-14 |title=Sylvia Nagginda: A queen touching the nation’s very soul |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/uganda-50/sylvia-nagginda-a-queen-touching-the-nation-s-very-soul-1525134 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Nnabagereka ateeka esira erisinga ku by'okusomesa omwana ow'obuwala, nga wekyeyoleka ng'ayita mu mirimu gye egy'okubeera omubakja wa [[:en:UNFPA|UNFPA]], alwanirira eby'okusoma kw'omwaka ow'obuwala; Yali ne mu kibiina ekirwanirira okulaba ng'omukayala afuna okusomesebwa ekya 'Forum for African Women Educationalists' ng'era kino kitongole ekirwana okulaba ng'ekitonde ekika kifuna okwenyigira mu by'okusoma n'okuteekawo olutindo wakati mu by'emisomo eby'enjawulo. Nnabagereka mwegendereza nnyo eri eby'omuwangwa ne nono ebileetera omukyala okubeera maama omulungi oba omukazi mu Buganda, naye ng'ategeeza nti bino birima okukwatibwako mungeri emu nti omuwala talemesebwa kakisa kkono kakugenda kusomero n'asoma.<ref>{{Cite web |title=allAfrica.com: Uganda: Nagginda Plea Excites Kenyans |url=http://allafrica.com:80/stories/200309260060.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20040704194605/http://allafrica.com:80/stories/200309260060.html |archive-date=2004-07-04 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=allafrica.com}}</ref> Nga nnaabagereka oba kwiini, Sylvia akoze okumannyisa obulungi obuli mu kusomesa omwana ow'obuwala. Abulira nnyo ku by'okwesonyiwa obw'okwegadanga nga y'engeri yokka eyiza okulwanyisa [[:en:HIV|akawuka]] [[:en:AIDS|kasiriimu]] n<nowiki>'okugezaako okukendeeza obuteeyagala mu bantu abawangaala n'obulwadde buno. Nnaabagereka ye muyima w'ebitongole eby'enjawulo, ng'ate y'akulira n'ekya ''Nnaabagereka Development Trust Foundation''. Akulembeddemu ne kawefube w'</nowiki>okugema [[:en:Measles|olukusense]], [[:en:Polio|polio]], [[:en:Tetanus|tetenaansi]] n'enddwadde endala. Yeeyatamdikawo n'esomero eriyigiriza amazina erya 'Kampala Ballet and Modern Dance School eryasookera ddala mu Uganda.<ref name="Heart" /> Ng'ayita mu kibiina kye ekya Nabagereka Foundation, Ekisakaate kya kwiini Nagginda's ekibeerawo mu luwumula lwa taamu ey'okusatu ng'eno bakubirayo enkambi, kibangudde abavubuka abasoba mu 30,000 mu Uganda okuviira ddala mu mwaka gwa 2008. Enkambi eno ebeerawo buli mwezi ogusooka mu mwaka ng'era ebeeramu abavubuka abali wakati w'emyaka 13 ne 18. "Ekisakaate kya Nabagereka" kitegeeza enkambi ya kwiini, ng'esira basinga kuliteeka ku buwangwa bwa [[:en:Buganda|Buganda]]. Abavubuka bayigirizibwa okubeera abakugu mu kuwaata [[:en:East_African_Highland_bananas|amatooke]], engeri y'okubuuzaamu mu buwangwa bwa Buganda, engeri y'okuzinamu amazina amaganda n'emirimu emirala mingi. Abayigiriza era babategeeza okukubiriza abavubuka bano okubeenyumiririzaamu . [[:en:Jennifer_Musisi|Jennifer Musisi]], [[:en:Robert_Kyagulanyi_Ssentamu|Robert Kyaglanyi Ssentamu]] , [[:en:Juliana_Kanyomozi|Juliana Kanyomozi]] beebamu ku bayigiriza abaali babaddeko munkambi y'e ekisakaate mu myaka egiyise . == Obulamu bwe == [[File:Kabaka Ronald Muwenda Mutebi II (cropped).png|thumb]] Oluvannyuma lw'okubeera mu ggwanga lya Amerika okumala emyaka 18, Sylvia yakomawo mu Uganda. Mu mwaka gwa 1998 yagwa mukwano ne [[:en:Muwenda_Mutebi_II_of_Buganda|Muwenda Mutebi II owa Buganda]] gwebaali bamazze ebanga ng'amwegwanyiza. [[:en:Engagement|Okugatibwa]] kwabwe kwalangirirwa ng'enaku z'omwezi 14 mu mwezi ogw'okubiri mu mwaka gwa 1999. Ng'enaku z'omwezi 27 mu mwezi ogw'omunaana mu mwaka ogwo gwennyini, yafumbirwa kabaka mu kanisa ya St. Paul's Cathedral ku [[:en:Namirembe_hill|kasozi k'e Namirembe]], ekyamufuula kwiini wa Buganda eyali asooka mu Buganda mu myaka 50.<ref>{{Cite news |last=MUGAGGA |first=ROBERT |title=15 years ago, this wedding shattered Ugandan records |url=https://observer.ug/entertainment-news/33508--15-years-ago-this-wedding-shattered-ugandan-records |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320194544/https://observer.ug/entertainment-news/33508--15-years-ago-this-wedding-shattered-ugandan-records |archive-date=2023-03-20 |access-date=2026-09-09 |work=The Observer - Uganda |language=en-gb}}</ref> Ng'enakuz 'omweiz 4 mu mwezi ogw'omusanvu mu mwaka gwa 2001 mu kibuga London, nnaabagereka yazaala omwana we eyali asooka, omumbejja Katrina Sarah Ssangalyambogo, ekitegeeza ejjembe ly'embogo "buffalo's horn". Ye mukuza w'abaana ba kabaka abalala.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-05 |title=60 years in the life of a Kabaka |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/60-years-in-the-life-of-a-kabaka-1607166 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[:en:Kingdom_of_Buganda|Kingdom of Buganda]] * [[:en:Kabaka_of_Buganda|Kabaka of Buganda]] * [[Muwenda Mutebi II, Kabaka wa Bugandahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald Muwenda Mutebi II|Mutebi II of Buganda]] [[Category:Buganda]] 165qr9ieq5t4fk6omjdn4yj23cxuh2t 74398 74196 2026-09-10T07:36:35Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 74398 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sylvia Nagginda Luswata''' yazaalibwa 9 Ogwekuminoogumu 1962 nga ye Nnaabagereka wa [[:en:Buganda|Buganda]], Obwakaba obw'ebyafaayo mu Masekkati ga Uganda.<ref name="About">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_Monitor</ref> == Ebimukwatako == Nagginda yazaalibwa mu Bungereza mu 1962 nga John Mulumba Luswata yeeyali kitaawe okuba e [[:en:Entebbe|Nkumba, Entebbe]] , ate maama we ye Rebecca Nakintu Musoke<ref name="About" /> nga yakomawo mu Uganda oluvannyuma n'akuzibwa bajjajja bbe ab'ekika ky'Omusu. Ye muzukulu wa George William Musoke ne Nora Musoke ab'e Nnazigo mu ssaza ly'e Kyaggwe, n'Omutaka Nelson Nkalubo Sebugwawo ne Catherine Sebugwawo ab'e Nkumba. Alina bannyina basatu nebaganda bbe basatu .<ref name="About" /><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230129231726/https://www.buganda.or.ug/nnabagereka</ref> == Emisomo gye == Sylvia yasomera ku Lake Victoria Primary School erisinganibwa Entebbe, Gayaza Junior School, ne [[:en:Wanyange_Girls_School|Wanyange Girls School]]. Oluvannyuma lw'okumaliriza [[:en:Secondary_school|okusoma siniya]], yagenda mu ggwanga lya Amerika okweyongerayo n'emisomo gye. Yafuna diguli ye eyasooka nga kuliko ebitiibwa okuva mu setendekero lya [[:en:City_University_of_New_York|City University of New York]], diguli ya 'Arts' okuva mu setendekero lya [[:en:New_York_University|New York University]], ne [[:en:Master_of_Arts|diguli ey'okubiri mu Arts]] mu by'amawulire okuva mutendekero lya [[:en:New_York_Institute_of_Technology|New York Institute of Technology]]. == Obukugu bwe mu by'okukola == Sylvia yagenda okukola mu ofiisi eyali efulumya obubaka eri abantu n'okukola okunoonyereza mu kitebe ky'ekitongole [[:en:United_Nations|ky'amawanga amagate]] ekikulu mu New York, ng'eyali awandiika enteeka teeka ezinaagobererwa ngali ne ne [[:en:Maximus_Inc.|Maximus Inc.]], ate ng'akola yekka mu by'okwebuzibwako ku bikwatagana ku bantu n'okukulakulanya bizineensi ne kampuni ez'enjawulo. Akozesezza obukugu bwe mu bintu eby'enjawulo [[:en:Public_information|ng'okutuusa obubaka eri abantu]], okunoonyereza ku by'enfuna eby'ebulamu bw'abantu n'okutuusa obuyambi eri abantu n'okukola ebintu ebitakomyawo magoba munsi yonna. Y'omu kubaatandikawo ekibiina ekiyitibwa [[:en:African_Queens_and_Women_Cultural_Leaders_Network|African Queens and Women Cultural Leaders Network]], ekiteeka esira kukukulakulanya obulamu bw'abakyala n'abaana ku semazinga wa Afrika". Ekikwatagana n'ebitongole okuli ekya [[:en:African_Union|African Union]], [[:en:United_Nations|eky'amawanga amagatte]] wamu ne gavumenti za Afrika.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Vision |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/646812-buganda-s-nnaabagereka-is-africa-s-gift.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250222012203/https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/646812-buganda-s-nnaabagereka-is-africa-s-gift.html |archive-date=2025-02-22 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.newvision.co.ug |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> Nnaabagereka ayambako ku Kabaka's Education Fund okusobola okufuul eby'enjigiriza okubeera nga bituuka eri abaana abataliiko ayamba nga bayita mukubawa basale oba okusomera obweereere. Alwanirira okulaba nga wabeerawo eby'enjigiriza eby'amaanyi ng'ate birungi ng bituuka eri buli mwana ng'ate bitukana n'ebyetaago by'ekitundu.<ref name="Heart">{{Cite web |date=2020-09-14 |title=Sylvia Nagginda: A queen touching the nation’s very soul |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/uganda-50/sylvia-nagginda-a-queen-touching-the-nation-s-very-soul-1525134 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Nnabagereka ateeka esira erisinga ku by'okusomesa omwana ow'obuwala, nga wekyeyoleka ng'ayita mu mirimu gye egy'okubeera omubakja wa [[:en:UNFPA|UNFPA]], alwanirira eby'okusoma kw'omwaka ow'obuwala; Yali ne mu kibiina ekirwanirira okulaba ng'omukayala afuna okusomesebwa ekya 'Forum for African Women Educationalists' ng'era kino kitongole ekirwana okulaba ng'ekitonde ekika kifuna okwenyigira mu by'okusoma n'okuteekawo olutindo wakati mu by'emisomo eby'enjawulo. Nnabagereka mwegendereza nnyo eri eby'omuwangwa ne nono ebileetera omukyala okubeera maama omulungi oba omukazi mu Buganda, naye ng'ategeeza nti bino birima okukwatibwako mungeri emu nti omuwala talemesebwa kakisa kkono kakugenda kusomero n'asoma.<ref>{{Cite web |title=allAfrica.com: Uganda: Nagginda Plea Excites Kenyans |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200309260060.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040704194605/http://allafrica.com/stories/200309260060.html |archive-date=2004-07-04 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=allafrica.com |url-status=live }}</ref> Nga nnaabagereka oba kwiini, Sylvia akoze okumannyisa obulungi obuli mu kusomesa omwana ow'obuwala. Abulira nnyo ku by'okwesonyiwa obw'okwegadanga nga y'engeri yokka eyiza okulwanyisa [[:en:HIV|akawuka]] [[:en:AIDS|kasiriimu]] n<nowiki>'okugezaako okukendeeza obuteeyagala mu bantu abawangaala n'obulwadde buno. Nnaabagereka ye muyima w'ebitongole eby'enjawulo, ng'ate y'akulira n'ekya ''Nnaabagereka Development Trust Foundation''. Akulembeddemu ne kawefube w'</nowiki>okugema [[:en:Measles|olukusense]], [[:en:Polio|polio]], [[:en:Tetanus|tetenaansi]] n'enddwadde endala. Yeeyatamdikawo n'esomero eriyigiriza amazina erya 'Kampala Ballet and Modern Dance School eryasookera ddala mu Uganda.<ref name="Heart" /> Ng'ayita mu kibiina kye ekya Nabagereka Foundation, Ekisakaate kya kwiini Nagginda's ekibeerawo mu luwumula lwa taamu ey'okusatu ng'eno bakubirayo enkambi, kibangudde abavubuka abasoba mu 30,000 mu Uganda okuviira ddala mu mwaka gwa 2008. Enkambi eno ebeerawo buli mwezi ogusooka mu mwaka ng'era ebeeramu abavubuka abali wakati w'emyaka 13 ne 18. "Ekisakaate kya Nabagereka" kitegeeza enkambi ya kwiini, ng'esira basinga kuliteeka ku buwangwa bwa [[:en:Buganda|Buganda]]. Abavubuka bayigirizibwa okubeera abakugu mu kuwaata [[:en:East_African_Highland_bananas|amatooke]], engeri y'okubuuzaamu mu buwangwa bwa Buganda, engeri y'okuzinamu amazina amaganda n'emirimu emirala mingi. Abayigiriza era babategeeza okukubiriza abavubuka bano okubeenyumiririzaamu . [[:en:Jennifer_Musisi|Jennifer Musisi]], [[:en:Robert_Kyagulanyi_Ssentamu|Robert Kyaglanyi Ssentamu]] , [[:en:Juliana_Kanyomozi|Juliana Kanyomozi]] beebamu ku bayigiriza abaali babaddeko munkambi y'e ekisakaate mu myaka egiyise . == Obulamu bwe == [[File:Kabaka Ronald Muwenda Mutebi II (cropped).png|thumb]] Oluvannyuma lw'okubeera mu ggwanga lya Amerika okumala emyaka 18, Sylvia yakomawo mu Uganda. Mu mwaka gwa 1998 yagwa mukwano ne [[:en:Muwenda_Mutebi_II_of_Buganda|Muwenda Mutebi II owa Buganda]] gwebaali bamazze ebanga ng'amwegwanyiza. [[:en:Engagement|Okugatibwa]] kwabwe kwalangirirwa ng'enaku z'omwezi 14 mu mwezi ogw'okubiri mu mwaka gwa 1999. Ng'enaku z'omwezi 27 mu mwezi ogw'omunaana mu mwaka ogwo gwennyini, yafumbirwa kabaka mu kanisa ya St. Paul's Cathedral ku [[:en:Namirembe_hill|kasozi k'e Namirembe]], ekyamufuula kwiini wa Buganda eyali asooka mu Buganda mu myaka 50.<ref>{{Cite news |last=MUGAGGA |first=ROBERT |title=15 years ago, this wedding shattered Ugandan records |url=https://observer.ug/entertainment-news/33508--15-years-ago-this-wedding-shattered-ugandan-records |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320194544/https://observer.ug/entertainment-news/33508--15-years-ago-this-wedding-shattered-ugandan-records |archive-date=2023-03-20 |access-date=2026-09-09 |work=The Observer - Uganda |language=en-gb}}</ref> Ng'enakuz 'omweiz 4 mu mwezi ogw'omusanvu mu mwaka gwa 2001 mu kibuga London, nnaabagereka yazaala omwana we eyali asooka, omumbejja Katrina Sarah Ssangalyambogo, ekitegeeza ejjembe ly'embogo "buffalo's horn". Ye mukuza w'abaana ba kabaka abalala.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-05 |title=60 years in the life of a Kabaka |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/60-years-in-the-life-of-a-kabaka-1607166 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[:en:Kingdom_of_Buganda|Kingdom of Buganda]] * [[:en:Kabaka_of_Buganda|Kabaka of Buganda]] * [[Muwenda Mutebi II, Kabaka wa Bugandahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald Muwenda Mutebi II|Mutebi II of Buganda]] [[Category:Buganda]] dtry3fyfbpad8upvqwmqfg0dv8fhuro Module:Message box/ambox.css 828 9931 74313 29609 2026-07-15T00:45:23Z en>Izno 0 Parsoid is now the one true parser 74313 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp|small=y}} */ .ambox { border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; /* @noflip */ border-left: 10px solid #36c; /* Default "notice" blue */ background-color: #fbfbfb; box-sizing: border-box; } /* Single border between stacked boxes. * category and TemplateStyles are wrapped in an "empty" span [[phab:T378906]] * [[phab:T200206]] may be relevant at a later date */ .ambox + .mw-empty-elt + .ambox, .ambox + .mw-empty-elt + .mw-empty-elt + .ambox, /* * and Template:Dated maintenance category. we can probably remove this flavor * when T200206 is fixed */ .ambox + .mw-empty-elt + .mw-empty-elt + .mw-empty-elt + .ambox { margin-top: -1px; 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FEMRITE mu ngeri y’emu egaziyizza okweraliikirira kwayo ku nsonga z’obuvanjuba bwa Afrika ezikwata ku butonde bw’ensi, okusoma n’okuwandiika, ebyenjigiriza, ebyobulamu, eddembe ly’abakyala [[:en:Good_governance|n’enfuga ennungi]] . <ref name="femrite-programs">[https://web.archive.org/web/20230527024130/https://www.femriteug.org/?view=3 "Programmes"], FEMRITE – Uganda Women Writers' Association. Retrieved 22 August 2011.</ref> == Ebyafaayo == FEMRITE yatandikibwawo mu 1995 nga [[Mary Karooro Okurut|Mary Karoro Okurut]], mu kiseera kino (okuva mu 2011) mmemba wa Palamenti ya [[Yuganda|Uganda]] ey’omunaana, kyokka mu kiseera ekyo yali musomesa mu [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|yunivasite y’e Makerere]]. Okurut yeegatibwako [[:en:Lillian_Tindyebwa|Lillian Tindyebwa]], [[Ayeta Anne Wangusa]], [[Susan Nalugwa Kiguli|Susan Kiguli]], [[Martha Ngabirano]], [[Margaret Ntakalimaze]], [[Rosemary Kyarimpa]], [[Hilda Twongyeirwe]], [[Philomena Rwabukuku]] ne [[Judith Kakonge]] . FEMRITE yasooka kutongozebwa ng'ekibiina eky'obwa nnakyeewa nga 3 Ogw'okutaano 1996. [[:en:Goretti_Kyomuhendo|Goretti Kyomuhendo]],oluvannyuma eyatandika [[:en:African_Writers_Trust|African Writers Trust]], yeyasooka okukola ng'omukwanaganya wa FEMRITE. Ba mmemba abala abagundiivu kuliko [[:en:Beverley_Nambozo|Beverley Nambozo]], [[:en:Glaydah_Namukasa|Glaydah Namukasa]], [[:en:Beatrice_Lamwaka|Beatrice Lamwaka,]] [[:en:Doreen_Baingana|Doreen Baingana]][[:en:Violet_Barungi|, Violet Barungi]], [[:en:Mildred_Barya|Mildred Barya]] (era amanyiddwa nga Mildred Kiconco), ne [[:en:Jackee_Budesta_Batanda|Jackee Budesta Batanda.]] Ku nsibuko ya FEMRITE n'obutume, Kyomuhendo, mu mboozi gye yawa mu 2003 ne ''[[:en:Feminist_Africa|Feminist Africa]]'', yagamba nti: "Okwogera ku FEMRITE kwe kwogera ku kifo kya Uganda eky'ebiwandiiko, ku byobufuzi bya Uganda, n'okusingira ddala ku kakwate akaliwo wakati w'abakyala, ebyobufuzi n'okuwandiika mu Uganda." == Ebikulu ebituukiddwaako bammemba ba FEMRITE n'abayitamu == * [[Monica Arac de Nyeko]] yawangula ekirabo kya Caine mu 2007; <ref name="CainePrize-Arac">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6285252.stm "'Taboo' story takes African prize"], BBC, 10 July 2007. Retrieved 22 October 2017.</ref> [[Beatrice Lamwaka]] yasunsulwamu okuwangula ekirabo kye kimu mu 2011; [[Doreen Baingana]] yasunsulwa mu 2005. <ref name="Caine2011-BL-shortlist">[http://femriteuganda.blogspot.com/2011/08/beatrice-lamwaka-2011-caine-prize.html "Beatrice Lamwaka – 2011 Caine Prize Nominee"]. Uganda Women Writers' Association (FEMRITE), 2 August 2011. Retrieved 31 August 2011.</ref> * [[Doreen Baingana]] yawangula [[:en:Commonwealth_Writers_Prize|ekirabo ky’abawandiisi ekya Commonwealth]] mu kitabo ekisooka, ekitundu kya Afrika (2006); Baingana era yasunsulwamu okuwangula engule ya [[:en:Hurston-Wright_Legacy_Award|Hurston-Wright Legacy Award]] mu mutendera gwa Debut Fiction (2006). <ref name="femrite-ach" /> * [[Beatrice Lamwaka]] yasunsulwamu okuwangula engule y’ebiwandiiko eya PEN/Studzinsky mu 2009 (2009). <ref name="femrite-ach" /> <ref>[https://www.librarything.com/bookaward/Hurston%252FWright+Legacy+Award+nominee "Book awards: Hurston/Wright Legacy Award nominee"], ''[[LibraryThing]]''.</ref> * [[Glaydah Namukasa]] yawangula [[Macmillan Writers Prize for Africa|ekirabo ky’abawandiisi ekya Macmillan Writers Prize for Africa]], Senior Category (2005). <ref name="femrite-ach" /> * [[Mildred Barya]] yawangula engule ya [[Pan-African Literary Forum]] Award mu firimu ya Africana Fiction (2008). <ref name="AWT-board">[http://www.africanwriterstrust.org/advisory-board "Advisory Board"]. African Writers Trust. Retrieved 24 August 2011.</ref> * [[:en:Jackee_Budesta_Batanda|Jackee Budesta Batanda]] yawangula [[:en:British_Council|empaka z’emboozi ennyimpi eza Commonwealth]], Africa Region (2003). <ref name="femrite-ach" /> * [[Violet Barungi]] yawangula engule ya British Council [[International New Play Writing Award for Africa and the Middle East|International ey’okuwandiika emizannyo emipya mu Afrika n’obuvanjuba bwa Middle East]] (1997). <ref name="barungi-homesite">[https://web.archive.org/web/20230515131436/http://www.violetbarungi.com/ VioletBarungi.com]. Retrieved 28 August 2011.</ref> * [[Goretti Kyomuhendo]] (olugero: 1999), [[Susan Nalugwa Kiguli|Susan Kiguli]] (ebitontome: 1999), [[Mary Karooro Okurut|Mary Karoro Okurut]] (olugero: 2003), ne [[Mildred Barya]] (ebitontome: 2003) baawangula [[National Book Trust of Uganda Literary Award|engule y’ebiwandiiko mu ggwanga eya National Book Trust of Uganda]] . <ref name="femrite-ach" /> == Okuddamu kw’abantu ku pulogulaamu za FEMRITE == FEMRITE nga bwe kyategeezeddwa bannamawulire ab’enjawulo, ebadde ekola nnyo mu Uganda n’ekitundu ekinene eky’obuvanjuba bwa Afrika mu bitundu by’okutumbula okusoma n’okuwandiika, ennongoosereza mu by’enjigiriza, eddembe ly’abakyala, n’enfuga ennungi. Okutwalira awamu emirimu gino gifunye okumanyisibwa okulungi. * Emmanuel Ssejjengo, nga bwe kyawandiikibwa ku mukutu gwa [https://web.archive.org/web/20160210121749/http://allafrica.com/ AllAfrica.com] nga 14 July 2011, yategeeza nti "wiiki y'ebiwandiiko eya FEMRITE" yali "emu ku mikolo egyasinga okukuzibwa mu by'ebiwandiiko bya Uganda." <ref name="femrite-news1">Ssejjengo, Emmanuel. "[http://allafrica.com/stories/201107180058.html Uganda: New-Found Love for the Written Word]." AllAfrica.com, 14 July 2011. Retrieved 22 August 2011.</ref> * Dennis Muhumuza, mu [http://www.monitor.co.ug/ ''Daily Monitor''] (Uganda), 23 July 2011, yayogera ku ngeri FEMRITE gy’ekwata ku kitongole kya Uganda ekya National Curriculum Development Center (NCDC), n’ekyavaamu okussa ebitabo bya Uganda ebisingawo mu nsoma y’amasomero ga siniya n’amatendekero aga waggulu. <ref name="Muhumuza-1">Muhumuza, Dennis, [http://www.monitor.co.ug/LifeStyle/Reviews/-/691232/1205976/-/cl2egh/-/index.html "A time to read Uganda"], ''Daily Monitor'', 23 July 2011. Retrieved 22 August 2011.</ref> * Muhumuza, era owa ''Daily Monitor'' (Uganda) nga 9 January 2011, yeetegereza ekitabo kya FEMRITE ekiyitibwa [http://www.africanbookscollective.com/books/pumpkin-seeds-and-other-gifts ''Pumpkin Seeds and Other Gifts: Stories from the FEMRITE Regional Writers Residency'', 2008] (  ), ng'akiyita "eky'obugagga ekiwooma" nti "ojja kwagala okutwala naawe ku lugendo, oba okunywegera ku sofa n'osoma mu bulungi bw'okwewummuza, oba n'okusomera abaana bo mu ddoboozi ery'omwanguka okwetooloola omuliro." " * Halima Abdallah, mu [https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/ ''kitabo kya The East African''] (Kenya), nga 14 August 2011, yeetegereza ekitabo kya FEMRITE ekiyitibwa [http://www.africanbookscollective.com/books/never-too-late ''Never Too Late''] (  ), ebikwata ku kirwadde kya mukenenya/akawuka ka siriimu, nga kilangirira "A must read for all age groups nga bwe kireeta ebibuuzo era emirundi egisinga kiwa eby'okuddamu ebyetaagisa ebikolwa eby'okwegatta" ate nga kyetegereza nti okukung'aanya kwali "okuzaalibwa olw'okwagala femrite okuzaala okuzaala okuzaala okuzaala okuzaala okuzaala femrite okuzaala . ebiwandiiko by'enkyukakyuka ennungi ebigendereddwamu okukola ku nsonga z'embeera z'abantu ezitunuulidde si bavubuka bokka wabula n'abantu okutwaliza awamu." <ref name="abdallah-h">Abdallah, Halima. "[https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/magazine/Femrite+anthology+takes+on+problems+of+youth/-/434746/1218564/-/69c552z/-/index.html Femrite anthology takes on problems of youth"], ''East Africa'', 14 August 2011. Retrieved 22 August 2011.</ref> * [[:en:Dora_Byamukama|Dora Byamukama]] owa ''[[New Vision (olupapula lw'amawulire)|New Vision]]'' (Uganda) yeetegereza bulungi ekitabo kya FEMRITE ekikuŋŋaanyiziddwamu emboozi ezitali za biwandiiko [http://www.africanbookscollective.com/books/beyond-the-dance ''Beyond the Dance: Voices of women on female genital mutilation''] (  ), era n'ategeeza nti obujulizi obwayanjuddwa "okuyita obuwagizi okumalawo enkola y'okusalako [[:en:Female_genital_mutilation|ebitundu by'ekyama by'abakyala]] (FGM)." * Pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu Amerika [https://www.pbs.org/wnet/wideangle/ ''eya Wide Angle''] ( [[:en:PBS|PBS]] ) yalimu enkolagana ya FEMRITE ne IRIN, ekitongole ky’amawulire n’okwekenneenya eby’obuntubulamu ekya ofiisi y’ekibiina ky’Amawanga Amagatte, okufulumya ''Today You Will Understand'', okukuŋŋaanyizibwa kw’emboozi z’olutalo ez’obuntu ez’abakyala 16 abakoseddwa eggye lya [[:en:Lord's_Resistance_Army|Lord’s Resistance Army]] obujeemu. <ref name="PBS-LRA">"[https://www.pbs.org/wnet/wideangle/episodes/lords-children/audio-ugandan-women-tell-their-war-stories/2056/ Lord's Children: Ugandan Women Tell Their War Stories"], ''Wide Angle'' (PBS), 29 July 2008. Retrieved 30 August 2011.</ref> * Era ng'ayogera ku ''Today You Will Understand'', Martyn Drakard owa ''[[:en:The_Observer_(Uganda)|Observer]]'' (Uganda) nga 10 December 2008 yategeeza nti okukung'aanya kuno "ddoboozi eri abatalina ddoboozi" ne "Okusoma okukakatako eri omuntu yenna ayagala okumanya engeri olutalo lwa LRA gye lukosezzaamu obulamu bw'abantu". . * David Kaiza, mu kiwandiiko kye yafulumya mu 2007 ekyatuumiddwa "Women writers rule" mu lupapula lwa ''[[:en:The_East_African|The East African]]'' naye yayogera wadde nga mu ngeri ey'okusaaga ku ngeri FEMRITE gye yeeyongera okukosebwa mu kitundu. == Laba ne == [[Mary Karooro Okurut|Mary Karoro Okurut]] [[:en:African_Writers_Trust|African Writers Trust]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190717083404/https://femrite.org/ Omukutu omutongole] {{Authority control}} [[Category:Bannayuganda abasomesa]] [[Category:Abasomesa]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Makerere University]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'omunaana]] knxtu8z0yk958wxxv8fq2dm4pcer10d Lucy Akello 0 10441 74376 74003 2026-09-10T04:27:49Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 74376 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[File:Akello Lucy.jpg|thumb|Lucy Akello]] '''Lucy Akello''' Munayuganda alwanirira obwenkanya bw'abantu n'okulaba nga babeera mu mbeera nungi nga kuno kw'ateeka okubeera munabyabufuzi, awereza [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|ng'omubaka wa Paalamenti]] mu [[:en:Amuru_District|konsitituweensi y'abakyala mu Disitulikiti ya Amuru]] mu Paalamenti eyekumu okuva mu 20216 okutuuka mu 2021.<ref name="Data">{{Cite web |title=Parliament OF Uganda |url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=130 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171112021046/http://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=130 |archive-date=2017-11-12 |access-date=2026-09-08 |website=www.parliament.go.ug}}</ref><ref name="Two">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://kfm.co.ug/news/lucy-akello-to-be-sworn-in-as-new-amuru-woman-mp-on-tuesday.html |access-date=2024-03-23 |archive-date=2017-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201044252/http://kfm.co.ug/news/lucy-akello-to-be-sworn-in-as-new-amuru-woman-mp-on-tuesday.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-18 |title=Amuru Woman MP sued over election |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/amuru-woman-mp-sued-over-election-1595692 |access-date=2026-09-08 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Yalondebwa emirundi ebbiri egy'omudiringanwa mu Paalamenti eyekumineemu okukiikirira Disitulikiti ya Amuru District ng'ali wansi w'ekibiina kyobufuzi ekya FDC.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lucy Akello |url=https://theyworkforyou.github.io/uganda-parliament-watch/mp/5b74a303-fe48-4b2b-832c-1e8f05220b99/ |access-date=2026-09-08 |website=theyworkforyou.github.io}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=NTVUganda |date=2014-11-21 |title=FDC's Lucy Akello wins Amuru by-elections |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75waAUjjiko |access-date=2026-09-08}}</ref> Y'omu kubali mu kibiina kya [[:en:Forum_for_Democratic_Change|Forum for Democratic Change]] (FDC) ekivuganya gavumenti, ng'awereza nga minisita ow'ekisikirize ow'ebyemirimu ekikula ky'abantu n'enkulaakulana y'ebitundu.<ref name="Three">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://capitalradio.co.ug/fdc-shadow-cabinet-list/ |access-date=2024-03-23 |archive-date=2017-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201033257/http://capitalradio.co.ug/fdc-shadow-cabinet-list/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Obulamu n'okusoma kwe == Akello yazaalibwa nga 9 Ogwekumi mu 1980, ku kyalo kya Lamogi, mu [[:en:Amuru_District|Disitulikiti ya Amuru]], mu [[:en:Northern_Region,_Uganda|bitundu bya Bukiika ddyo]] bwa Uganda. Taata we ye John Obina, omusomesa ku [[:en:Kyambogo_University|Yunivasite y'e Kyambogo]].<ref name="Four">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://observer.ug/component/content/article?id=35454:new-amuru-broom-speaks-out |access-date=2024-03-23 |archive-date=2017-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201044340/http://observer.ug/component/content/article?id=35454:new-amuru-broom-speaks-out |url-status=dead }}</ref> Akello yasomera ku Olwal Ocaja Primary School,oluvannyuma n'agenda ku Lacor Primary School, Mary Immaculate Primary School e Gulu ne Kyambogo Primary School gyeyatuulira P7. Oluvannyuma yagenda ku Iganga Secondary School gyeyamalira S4, ate S6 n'agituulira ku [[:en:Uganda_Martyrs'_Secondary_School_Namugongo|Uganda Martyrs' Secondary School e Namugongo]]. Yagenda ku [[:en:Makerere_University|Yunivasite y'e Makerere]], mu Kampala, gyeyatikirwa mu 2004, ne Diguli mu [[:en:Social_Science|by'ensonga z'abantu mu bitundu]]. Oluvannyuma mu 2011, yafuna Diguli eyookubiri mu [[:en:Development_studies|byokulakulanya ebitundu]], okuva ku [[:en:Uganda_Martyrs_University|Uganda Martyrs University]] esinganibwa e [[:en:Nkozi|Nkozi]], mu [[:en:Wakiso_District|Disitulikiti y'e Wakiso.]]<ref name="Data" /><ref name="Four" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-18 |title=Amuru Woman MP sued over election |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/amuru-woman-mp-sued-over-election-1595692 |access-date=2026-09-08 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Obumannyirivu bw'alina mu bye mirimu == Mu 2005, yaweebwa ab'ekibiina kya Justice & Peace Commission (JPC), [[:en:Non-government_organization|ekitadukanyizibwa gavumenti]], nga kiri mu Klezia y'abakatulikiokulakulanya emirembe n'enkolagana mu bifo ebyatataganyizibwa entalo mu Bukiika Ddyo bwa Uganda. Yakolera okumala emyaka 10, nga y'avunaanyizibwa ku bya pulogulaamu ezigenda mu maaso, oluvannyuma nga yakulira abadukanya pulogulaamu, ate okuva 2006 okutuuka mu 2014, nga y'akulira. Esira yasinga kuliteeka ku ddembe ly'abantu, [[:en:Land_rights|obuyinza ku ttaka]], [[:en:Women_rights|eddembe ly'abakyala]] n[[:en:Children's_rights|'eddembe ly'abaana]].<ref name="Data" /><ref name="Four" /> == Emirimu gye mu byobufuzi == Mu Gwekumi 2014, [[:en:Betty_Bigombe|Betty Bigombe,]] eyali Omubaka w'Abakyala mu Paalamenti owa Disitulikiti ya Amuru yeewandiisa okugenda okufuna omulimu mu [[:en:World_Bank|Baanka y'Ensi yonna]] mu kibuga Washington, DC.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Masereka |first=Alex |title=Bigombe Resigns As Amuru MP {{!}} Red Pepper Uganda |url=http://www.redpepper.co.ug/bigombe-resigns-as-amuru-mp/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017091959/http://www.redpepper.co.ug/bigombe-resigns-as-amuru-mp/ |archive-date=2015-10-17 |access-date=2026-09-08 |website=www.redpepper.co.ug |language=en-US}}</ref> Okulonda okwenjawulo kwategekebwa okujuza ekifo kino mu Gwekumineebiri mu 2014. Akello, nga yeesimbyewo ku ludda oluvuganya ng'ali ku tiketi y'ekibiina kya FDC ekyebyobufuzi yawangula abalala musanvu abaali beesimbyewo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-18 |title=Amuru Woman MP sued over election |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/amuru-woman-mp-sued-over-election-1595692 |access-date=2026-09-08 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://ntv.co.ug/news/politics/22/nov/2014/fdcs-lucy-akello-wins-amuru-woman-mp-election#sthash.uTi2rBw7.dpbs |access-date=2024-03-23 |archive-date=2017-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201042105/http://ntv.co.ug/news/politics/22/nov/2014/fdcs-lucy-akello-wins-amuru-woman-mp-election#sthash.uTi2rBw7.dpbs |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu biseera by'okulonda kwa Paalameenti okwa 2016, yaddamu ne yeesimbawo era ng'ali ku tikiti ya FDC.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Otto |first=Alex |title=TDA Withdraws Support From Amuru Woman MP |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.com/story/tda-drops-akello-lucy-as-its-candidate-for-amuru-mp-race- |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018011700/https://ugandaradionetwork.com/story/tda-drops-akello-lucy-as-its-candidate-for-amuru-mp-race- |archive-date=2022-10-18 |access-date=2026-09-08 |work=Uganda Radio Network |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> Yayogera eirundi 30 mu mwaka gwe ogusooka mu Paalamenti eyekumi.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tech |first=Awa |date=2017-07-17 |title=Most Silent, Active MPs Named |url=https://uganda7.com/info/most-silent-active-mps-named/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201033912/https://uganda7.com/info/most-silent-active-mps-named/ |archive-date=2017-12-01 |access-date=2026-09-08 |work=Uganda 7 |language=en-US}}</ref> === Etteeka erirwanyisa obuli bwebisiyaga === Akello yali omu ku [[:en:Member_of_parliament|Babaka]] eyali ayagala [[:en:Anti-Homosexuality_Act,_2014|Eteeka erivumirira obuli bw'ebisiyaga]] okuddizibwa obugya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dahir |first=Abdi Latif |date=2023-03-22 |title=Uganda Passes Strict Anti-Gay Bill That Imposes Death Penalty for Some |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/22/world/africa/uganda-lgtbq-anti-gay-law.html |access-date=2026-09-08 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Etteeka lino, lyali likugira [[:en:Freedom_of_speech|eddembe ly'okwogera]] ku bali [[:en:LGBT_civil_rights|be bisiyaga n'ensonga zonna ezibyekuusa]] ku buli bwebisiyaga okubeera nga za musango wabula nga [[:en:Constitutional_Court_of_Uganda|Ekkooti Etaputa Semateeka wa Uganda]] yategeeza nga bwelyali lyagwawo 2014. Yamala n'awangula ku kyeyali aluubirirwa [[:en:Anti-Homosexuality_Act,_2023|Eteeka Erivumirira obuli bw'ebisiyaga]] weryayisibwa mu Gwokutaano mu 2023. Eteeka lino liwakanya [[:en:Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights|Eddembe ly'Abantu]] munsi yonna omuli [[:en:International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights|okwenyigira munsonga z'Abantu, Ebyobufuzi]] eryayisibwa olukiiko [[:en:United_Nations_General_Assembly|lw'Ekitongole Ekigatta Amawanga G'ens]]<nowiki/>i nga kiwakanya emirembe gy'okwogera era nga kikuvirako [[:en:Death-penalty|okuteekebwa ku kalaba]]. Yayogerako ng'awakanya eddembe ly'abantu ekikula kino bweyali nga ku mikolo ky'ensi yonna, gamba nga kumikola ng'egyali mu Yitale nga gitegekeddwa aba [[:en:World_Congress_of_Families|World Congress of Families]] mu 2019 .<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-01 |title=Italy’s city of love becomes a battlefield |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/verona-italy-world-congress-of-families-lgbt-protests/ |access-date=2026-09-08 |website=POLITICO |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Famire == Akello mukyala mufumbo alina n'abaana.<ref name="Four" /> == Laba ne bino == * [[:en:Angelline_Osegge|Angelline Osegge]] * [[:en:Winnie_Kiiza|Winnie Kiiza]] * [[:en:Joy_Atim|Joy Atim]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ewalala w'oyinza okubigya == * [http://www.parliament.go.ug/ Website of the Parliament of Uganda] * [http://www.parliament.go.ug/index.php/about-parliament/parliamentary-news/507-new-amuru-mp-joins-parliament New Amuru MP joins Parliament] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20221015173516/http://www.archdioceseofgulu.org/JPC/ Justice and Peace Commission] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Makerere University]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Kyambogo University]] [[Category:Bannayuganda bannabyabufuzi abakyala]] ow5o7c36iqyzh2tbt4m0bwbg5uveokk Susan Nsibirwa 0 10505 74189 71997 2026-09-09T13:32:04Z Lillylove256 10862 Ngasseeko ebijuliziddwa 74189 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Susan Nsibirwa''', [[:en:Uganda|munayuganda]] akola obwa kitunzi era omukungu w'ebitongole era aweereza nga akulira ekitongole ekya [[:en:Nation_Media_Group|Nation Media Group]], okuva Ogwolubereberye 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-19 |title=NMG-U's first female boss: Who is Susan Nsibirwa |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/nmg-u-s-first-female-boss-who-is-susan-nsibirwa--4469726 |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mandela |first=Nelson |date=2023-12-19 |title=Susan Nsibirwa replaces Tony Glencross as Nation Media Group Managing Director |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2023/12/susan-nsibirwa-replaces-tony-glencross-as-nation-media-group-managing-director.html |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=PML Daily |language=en-US}}</ref> Yadda mu bigere bya Tonny Glencross, eyali aweereza mu kifo ekyo okuva mu 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-20 |title=Marketer Susan Nsibirwa is new NMG Uganda MD |url=https://observer.ug/news/headlines/80102-marketer-susan-nsibirwa-is-new-nmg-uganda-md |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=The Observer - Uganda |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe n’Okusoma == Nsibirwa yazaalibwa Kampala mu Uganda, John ne Mukyala Allen Nsibirwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nsibirwa personified feminine power |url=https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/NV_149972 |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=Bukedde |language=en}}</ref> Muzzukulu w’eyali Katikkiro wa Buganda Martin Lurther Nsibirwa. Yasomera mu Ssenga Clare Kindergarten Namirembe, Kitante Primary School ya [[:en:Education_in_Uganda#Primary_education|PLE]], [[:en:Nabisunsa_Girls_Secondary_School|Nabisunsa Girls Secondary School]] ya [[:en:O-level|O-level]] ne [[:en:Gayaza_High_School|Gayaza High School]] ya [[:en:A-level|A-level]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kasyate |first=Simon |date=2016-10-10 |title=Meet Nsibirwa, a journalist and marketing guru |url=https://observer.ug/news-headlines/46899-meet-nsibirwa-a-journalist-and-marketing-guru |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=The Observer - Uganda |language=en-gb}}</ref> Oluvannyuma yafuna ekifo mu [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], mu [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya [[Yuganda|Uganda]], gye yatikkirwa '''diguli esooka mu by'amawulire''' mu 1987. '''Diguli ey'okubiri ya nzirukanya y'emirimu''' gye yafuna okuva mu [[:en:University_of_Nicosia|University of Nicosia]], mu Cyprus.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-19 |title=Susan Nsibirwa Replaces Glencross as Monitor Publications MD |url=https://chimpreports.com/susan-nsibirwa-replaces-glencross-as-monitor-publications-md/ |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> == Emirimu == Nsibirwa yafuna omulimu gwe ogwasooka mu kitebe kya [[Bufalansa]] mu [[Kampala]] nga Press Attaché okuva mu August 1992 okutuuka mu December 1994. Oluvannyuma yeegatta ku [[Scanad Uganda]] ng’akulira [[:en:Media_manager|emikutu gy’amawulire]] okuva mu January 1995 okutuuka mu December wa 1997 nga tannagenda mu Saatchi ne Saatchi, gye yakolera nga Regional Account Manager okuva mu January 1999 okutuuka mu March 2002. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, yakwata omulimu gw'obwakitunzi/ [[:en:Brand_Manager|Brand Manager]] mu [[:en:MTN_Uganda|MTN Uganda]] okuva mu 2002 okutuuka mu 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nsibirwa getting hitched |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Nsibirwa yaweereza ng’akulira eby’amaguzi n’okutunda mu kkampuni ya Commercial Microfinance Limited okuva mu July 2005 okutuuka mu October 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Susan Nsibirwa quits MTN |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Nsibirwa yakyuka n’adda mu kitongole kya bbanka n’akwata ekifo ky’akulira eby’ekitunzi mu [[:en:DFCU_Bank|bbanka ya DFCU]] okuva mu November 2006 okutuuka mu May 2010. Oluvannyuma yaweereza nga Managing Partner mu Weaver Options okuva mu July 2010 okutuuka mu March 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nayiga |first=Teddy Tracy |date=2023-12-19 |title=Susan Nsibirwa appointed Nation Media Group Managing Director in Uganda |url=https://charmarnews.com/susan-nsibirwa-appointed-nation-media-group-managing-director/ |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=Charmar |language=en-US}}</ref> Yaweereza ng’akulira eby’obwakitunzi n’empuliziganya mu kkampuni ya [[:en:Vision_Group|Vision Group]] okuva mu Ogw'okubiri 2011 okutuuka mu February 2019. Ekikulu, yakwata omulimu nga Ssentebe w’ekibiina ekigatta bannannyini mikutu gy’amawulire ekya Uganda Media Owners Association (UMOA) okuva mu November 2016 okutuuka mu December 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-19 |title=NMG-U's first female boss: Who is Susan Nsibirwa |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/nmg-u-s-first-female-boss-who-is-susan-nsibirwa--4469726 |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Nsibirwa yafuuka Managing Partner mu Urge Uganda okuva mu Ogw'okusatu 2019 okutuuka mu Ogw'omukaaga 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-19 |title=Susan Nsibirwa Replaces Glencross as Monitor Publications MD |url=https://chimpreports.com/susan-nsibirwa-replaces-glencross-as-monitor-publications-md/ |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Emabegako, yaliko mu kifo kya akulira enzirukanya y'emirimu mu kkampuni ya Ayiva Consulting Solutions okuva mu June 2022 nga tannakwata kifo ky'obwa akulira entambuza y'emirimu owa [[:en:Nation_Media_Group|Nation Media Group]] Uganda nga December 22, 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Susan Nsibirwa Named Monitor Publications Managing Director {{!}} The Kampala Post |url=https://kampalapost.com/content/susan-nsibirwa-named-monitor-publications-managing-director |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=kampalapost.com}}</ref> == Ebirala ebitunuulirwa == Mu kiseera kino Nsibirwa akola nga mmemba ku lukiiko olufuzi mu bibiina eby’enjawulo omuli Uganda Marketers Society okuva mu 2020, The Innovation Village okuva mu Ogw'ekkumi 2023, African Center for Media Excellence okuva mu Ogw'okusatu 2021 (Sentebe w'olukiiko), Monitor Publications Ltd okuva mu Ogw'okutaano 2022, ne Greenhill Academy Ltd okuva mu Ogw'omukaga 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-19 |title=NMG-U's first female boss: Who is Susan Nsibirwa |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/nmg-u-s-first-female-boss-who-is-susan-nsibirwa--4469726 |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=NELSON MANDELA {{!}} PML Daily |date=2023-12-19 |title=Susan Nsibirwa replaces Tony Glencross as Nation Media Group Managing Director |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2023/12/susan-nsibirwa-replaces-tony-glencross-as-nation-media-group-managing-director.html |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=PML Daily |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240527151604/https://www.evolvegroupafrica.com/susan-nsibirwa-marketing-personality-august-2021/] * [https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/susan-nsibirwa-appointed-new-nmg-u-boss-4469128] * [https://www.ceo.co.ug/breaking-susan-nsibirwa-appointed-nation-media-group-managing-director-in-uganda/] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240111045958/https://khusoko.com/2023/12/19/susan-nsibirwa-to-lead-monitor-publications-as-md/] * [https://thekenyatimes.com/latest-kenya-times-news/from-writer-to-managing-director-meet-nmg-uganda-new-boss/] * [https://dailyexpress.co.ug/2023/12/20/susan-nsibirwa-replaces-glencross-as-monitor-boss/] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Makerere University]] [[Category:Buganda]] c7ib71nzfqbmptxytemxnsalzldq28y 74190 74189 2026-09-09T13:36:17Z Lillylove256 10862 ntereezeza ku mutindo 74190 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Susan Nsibirwa''', [[Munnayuganda]] akola obwa kitunzi era omukungu w'ebitongole era aweereza nga akulira ekitongole ekya [[Nation Media Group]], okuva Ogwolubereberye 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-19 |title=NMG-U's first female boss: Who is Susan Nsibirwa |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/nmg-u-s-first-female-boss-who-is-susan-nsibirwa--4469726 |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mandela |first=Nelson |date=2023-12-19 |title=Susan Nsibirwa replaces Tony Glencross as Nation Media Group Managing Director |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2023/12/susan-nsibirwa-replaces-tony-glencross-as-nation-media-group-managing-director.html |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=PML Daily |language=en-US}}</ref> Yadda mu bigere bya Tonny Glencross, eyali aweereza mu kifo ekyo okuva mu 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-20 |title=Marketer Susan Nsibirwa is new NMG Uganda MD |url=https://observer.ug/news/headlines/80102-marketer-susan-nsibirwa-is-new-nmg-uganda-md |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=The Observer - Uganda |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe n’Okusoma == Nsibirwa yazaalibwa Kampala mu Uganda, John ne Mukyala Allen Nsibirwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nsibirwa personified feminine power |url=https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/NV_149972 |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=Bukedde |language=en}}</ref> Muzzukulu w’eyali Katikkiro wa Buganda Martin Lurther Nsibirwa. Yasomera mu Ssenga Clare Kindergarten Namirembe, Kitante Primary School ya PLE, [[Nabisunsa Girls Secondary school|Nabisunsa Girls Secondary School]] ya O-level ne [[:en:Gayaza_High_School|Gayaza High School]] ya A-level.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kasyate |first=Simon |date=2016-10-10 |title=Meet Nsibirwa, a journalist and marketing guru |url=https://observer.ug/news-headlines/46899-meet-nsibirwa-a-journalist-and-marketing-guru |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=The Observer - Uganda |language=en-gb}}</ref> Oluvannyuma yafuna ekifo mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], mu [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya [[Yuganda|Uganda]], gye yatikkirwa diguli esooka mu by'amawulire mu 1987. Diguli ey'okubiri ya nzirukanya y'emirimu gye yafuna okuva mu yunivasite y'e Nicosia, mu Cyprus.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-19 |title=Susan Nsibirwa Replaces Glencross as Monitor Publications MD |url=https://chimpreports.com/susan-nsibirwa-replaces-glencross-as-monitor-publications-md/ |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> == Emirimu == Nsibirwa yafuna omulimu gwe ogwasooka mu kitebe kya [[Bufalansa]] mu Kampala nga Press Attaché okuva mu August 1992 okutuuka mu December 1994. Oluvannyuma yeegatta ku [[Scanad Uganda]] ng’akulira emikutu gy’amawulire okuva mu January 1995 okutuuka mu December wa 1997 nga tannagenda mu Saatchi ne Saatchi, gye yakolera nga Regional Account Manager okuva mu January 1999 okutuuka mu March 2002. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, yakwata omulimu gw'obwakitunzi/ Brand Manager mu [[MTN Uganda]] okuva mu 2002 okutuuka mu 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nsibirwa getting hitched |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Nsibirwa yaweereza ng’akulira eby’amaguzi n’okutunda mu kkampuni ya Commercial Microfinance Limited okuva mu July 2005 okutuuka mu October 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Susan Nsibirwa quits MTN |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Nsibirwa yakyuka n’adda mu kitongole kya bbanka n’akwata ekifo ky’akulira eby’ekitunzi mu [[DFCU Bank|bbanka ya DFCU]] okuva mu November 2006 okutuuka mu May 2010. Oluvannyuma yaweereza nga Managing Partner mu Weaver Options okuva mu July 2010 okutuuka mu March 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nayiga |first=Teddy Tracy |date=2023-12-19 |title=Susan Nsibirwa appointed Nation Media Group Managing Director in Uganda |url=https://charmarnews.com/susan-nsibirwa-appointed-nation-media-group-managing-director/ |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=Charmar |language=en-US}}</ref> Yaweereza ng’akulira eby’obwakitunzi n’empuliziganya mu kkampuni ya Vision Group okuva mu Ogw'okubiri 2011 okutuuka mu February 2019. Ekikulu, yakwata omulimu nga Ssentebe w’ekibiina ekigatta bannannyini mikutu gy’amawulire ekya Uganda Media Owners Association (UMOA) okuva mu November 2016 okutuuka mu December 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-19 |title=NMG-U's first female boss: Who is Susan Nsibirwa |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/nmg-u-s-first-female-boss-who-is-susan-nsibirwa--4469726 |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Nsibirwa yafuuka Managing Partner mu Urge Uganda okuva mu Ogw'okusatu 2019 okutuuka mu Ogw'omukaaga 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-19 |title=Susan Nsibirwa Replaces Glencross as Monitor Publications MD |url=https://chimpreports.com/susan-nsibirwa-replaces-glencross-as-monitor-publications-md/ |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Emabegako, yaliko mu kifo kya akulira enzirukanya y'emirimu mu kkampuni ya Ayiva Consulting Solutions okuva mu June 2022 nga tannakwata kifo ky'obwa akulira entambuza y'emirimu owa Nation Media Group Uganda nga December 22, 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Susan Nsibirwa Named Monitor Publications Managing Director {{!}} The Kampala Post |url=https://kampalapost.com/content/susan-nsibirwa-named-monitor-publications-managing-director |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=kampalapost.com}}</ref> == Ebirala ebitunuulirwa == Mu kiseera kino Nsibirwa akola nga mmemba ku lukiiko olufuzi mu bibiina eby’enjawulo omuli Uganda Marketers Society okuva mu 2020, The Innovation Village okuva mu Ogw'ekkumi 2023, African Center for Media Excellence okuva mu Ogw'okusatu 2021 (Sentebe w'olukiiko), Monitor Publications Ltd okuva mu Ogw'okutaano 2022, ne Greenhill Academy Ltd okuva mu Ogw'omukaga 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-19 |title=NMG-U's first female boss: Who is Susan Nsibirwa |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/nmg-u-s-first-female-boss-who-is-susan-nsibirwa--4469726 |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=NELSON MANDELA {{!}} PML Daily |date=2023-12-19 |title=Susan Nsibirwa replaces Tony Glencross as Nation Media Group Managing Director |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2023/12/susan-nsibirwa-replaces-tony-glencross-as-nation-media-group-managing-director.html |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=PML Daily |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240527151604/https://www.evolvegroupafrica.com/susan-nsibirwa-marketing-personality-august-2021/] * [https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/susan-nsibirwa-appointed-new-nmg-u-boss-4469128] * [https://www.ceo.co.ug/breaking-susan-nsibirwa-appointed-nation-media-group-managing-director-in-uganda/] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240111045958/https://khusoko.com/2023/12/19/susan-nsibirwa-to-lead-monitor-publications-as-md/] * [https://thekenyatimes.com/latest-kenya-times-news/from-writer-to-managing-director-meet-nmg-uganda-new-boss/] * [https://dailyexpress.co.ug/2023/12/20/susan-nsibirwa-replaces-glencross-as-monitor-boss/] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Makerere University]] [[Category:Buganda]] tj2rg5sel58bd1y5rfeywpibtnez4x7 74397 74190 2026-09-10T07:36:08Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 74397 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Susan Nsibirwa''', [[Munnayuganda]] akola obwa kitunzi era omukungu w'ebitongole era aweereza nga akulira ekitongole ekya [[Nation Media Group]], okuva Ogwolubereberye 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-19 |title=NMG-U's first female boss: Who is Susan Nsibirwa |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/nmg-u-s-first-female-boss-who-is-susan-nsibirwa--4469726 |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mandela |first=Nelson |date=2023-12-19 |title=Susan Nsibirwa replaces Tony Glencross as Nation Media Group Managing Director |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2023/12/susan-nsibirwa-replaces-tony-glencross-as-nation-media-group-managing-director.html |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=PML Daily |language=en-US}}</ref> Yadda mu bigere bya Tonny Glencross, eyali aweereza mu kifo ekyo okuva mu 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-20 |title=Marketer Susan Nsibirwa is new NMG Uganda MD |url=https://observer.ug/news/headlines/80102-marketer-susan-nsibirwa-is-new-nmg-uganda-md |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=The Observer - Uganda |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe n’Okusoma == Nsibirwa yazaalibwa Kampala mu Uganda, John ne Mukyala Allen Nsibirwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nsibirwa personified feminine power |url=https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/NV_149972 |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=Bukedde |language=en |archive-date=2023-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231223174835/https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/NV_149972 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muzzukulu w’eyali Katikkiro wa Buganda Martin Lurther Nsibirwa. Yasomera mu Ssenga Clare Kindergarten Namirembe, Kitante Primary School ya PLE, [[Nabisunsa Girls Secondary school|Nabisunsa Girls Secondary School]] ya O-level ne [[:en:Gayaza_High_School|Gayaza High School]] ya A-level.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kasyate |first=Simon |date=2016-10-10 |title=Meet Nsibirwa, a journalist and marketing guru |url=https://observer.ug/news-headlines/46899-meet-nsibirwa-a-journalist-and-marketing-guru |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=The Observer - Uganda |language=en-gb}}</ref> Oluvannyuma yafuna ekifo mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], mu [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya [[Yuganda|Uganda]], gye yatikkirwa diguli esooka mu by'amawulire mu 1987. Diguli ey'okubiri ya nzirukanya y'emirimu gye yafuna okuva mu yunivasite y'e Nicosia, mu Cyprus.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-19 |title=Susan Nsibirwa Replaces Glencross as Monitor Publications MD |url=https://chimpreports.com/susan-nsibirwa-replaces-glencross-as-monitor-publications-md/ |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> == Emirimu == Nsibirwa yafuna omulimu gwe ogwasooka mu kitebe kya [[Bufalansa]] mu Kampala nga Press Attaché okuva mu August 1992 okutuuka mu December 1994. Oluvannyuma yeegatta ku [[Scanad Uganda]] ng’akulira emikutu gy’amawulire okuva mu January 1995 okutuuka mu December wa 1997 nga tannagenda mu Saatchi ne Saatchi, gye yakolera nga Regional Account Manager okuva mu January 1999 okutuuka mu March 2002. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, yakwata omulimu gw'obwakitunzi/ Brand Manager mu [[MTN Uganda]] okuva mu 2002 okutuuka mu 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nsibirwa getting hitched |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Nsibirwa yaweereza ng’akulira eby’amaguzi n’okutunda mu kkampuni ya Commercial Microfinance Limited okuva mu July 2005 okutuuka mu October 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Susan Nsibirwa quits MTN |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Nsibirwa yakyuka n’adda mu kitongole kya bbanka n’akwata ekifo ky’akulira eby’ekitunzi mu [[DFCU Bank|bbanka ya DFCU]] okuva mu November 2006 okutuuka mu May 2010. Oluvannyuma yaweereza nga Managing Partner mu Weaver Options okuva mu July 2010 okutuuka mu March 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nayiga |first=Teddy Tracy |date=2023-12-19 |title=Susan Nsibirwa appointed Nation Media Group Managing Director in Uganda |url=https://charmarnews.com/susan-nsibirwa-appointed-nation-media-group-managing-director/ |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=Charmar |language=en-US}}</ref> Yaweereza ng’akulira eby’obwakitunzi n’empuliziganya mu kkampuni ya Vision Group okuva mu Ogw'okubiri 2011 okutuuka mu February 2019. Ekikulu, yakwata omulimu nga Ssentebe w’ekibiina ekigatta bannannyini mikutu gy’amawulire ekya Uganda Media Owners Association (UMOA) okuva mu November 2016 okutuuka mu December 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-19 |title=NMG-U's first female boss: Who is Susan Nsibirwa |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/nmg-u-s-first-female-boss-who-is-susan-nsibirwa--4469726 |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Nsibirwa yafuuka Managing Partner mu Urge Uganda okuva mu Ogw'okusatu 2019 okutuuka mu Ogw'omukaaga 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-19 |title=Susan Nsibirwa Replaces Glencross as Monitor Publications MD |url=https://chimpreports.com/susan-nsibirwa-replaces-glencross-as-monitor-publications-md/ |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Emabegako, yaliko mu kifo kya akulira enzirukanya y'emirimu mu kkampuni ya Ayiva Consulting Solutions okuva mu June 2022 nga tannakwata kifo ky'obwa akulira entambuza y'emirimu owa Nation Media Group Uganda nga December 22, 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Susan Nsibirwa Named Monitor Publications Managing Director {{!}} The Kampala Post |url=https://kampalapost.com/content/susan-nsibirwa-named-monitor-publications-managing-director |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=kampalapost.com}}</ref> == Ebirala ebitunuulirwa == Mu kiseera kino Nsibirwa akola nga mmemba ku lukiiko olufuzi mu bibiina eby’enjawulo omuli Uganda Marketers Society okuva mu 2020, The Innovation Village okuva mu Ogw'ekkumi 2023, African Center for Media Excellence okuva mu Ogw'okusatu 2021 (Sentebe w'olukiiko), Monitor Publications Ltd okuva mu Ogw'okutaano 2022, ne Greenhill Academy Ltd okuva mu Ogw'omukaga 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-19 |title=NMG-U's first female boss: Who is Susan Nsibirwa |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/nmg-u-s-first-female-boss-who-is-susan-nsibirwa--4469726 |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=NELSON MANDELA {{!}} PML Daily |date=2023-12-19 |title=Susan Nsibirwa replaces Tony Glencross as Nation Media Group Managing Director |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2023/12/susan-nsibirwa-replaces-tony-glencross-as-nation-media-group-managing-director.html |access-date=2023-12-23 |website=PML Daily |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240527151604/https://www.evolvegroupafrica.com/susan-nsibirwa-marketing-personality-august-2021/] * [https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/susan-nsibirwa-appointed-new-nmg-u-boss-4469128] * [https://www.ceo.co.ug/breaking-susan-nsibirwa-appointed-nation-media-group-managing-director-in-uganda/] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240111045958/https://khusoko.com/2023/12/19/susan-nsibirwa-to-lead-monitor-publications-as-md/] * [https://thekenyatimes.com/latest-kenya-times-news/from-writer-to-managing-director-meet-nmg-uganda-new-boss/] * [https://dailyexpress.co.ug/2023/12/20/susan-nsibirwa-replaces-glencross-as-monitor-boss/] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Makerere University]] [[Category:Buganda]] sgt3n23bv59wahkg1t3743fucdix38r Lillian Tibatemwa-Ekirikubinza 0 10598 74375 70018 2026-09-10T04:21:23Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 74375 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Lillian Tibatemwa-Ekirikubinza''' Munnayuganda, Munnamateeka, musomesa era Mulamuzi ng'aweereza ng'omulamuzi mu [[:en:Supreme_Court_of_Uganda|Kkooti ya Uganda Ensukkulumu]], okuva mu 2015.<ref name="About">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://mobile.monitor.co.ug/specialreports/elections/2471424-3105914-format-xhtml-pubyu6z/index.html |access-date=2024-04-12 |archive-date=2018-09-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907221256/http://mobile.monitor.co.ug/specialreports/elections/2471424-3105914-format-xhtml-pubyu6z/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Obuto bwe n'emisomo gye == Yazaalibwa mu [[:en:Iganga_District|Disitulikiti y'e Iganga]] mu 1961.<ref name="Bio">https://medium.com/@princemulindwaisaac/profiling-the-justices-of-the-supreme-court-the-career-side-b3a3d0e02bc9</ref> Yasomera ku Gayaza High School mu myaka gya 1970<ref name="gayaza">{{Cite web |url=https://gayazaoldgirls.com/imt_team/justice-lillian-tibatemwa/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-04-12 |archive-date=2024-02-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223035045/https://gayazaoldgirls.com/imt_team/justice-lillian-tibatemwa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ate amateeka n'agasomera ku [[:en:Makerere_University|Ssettendekero wa Makerere]], mu [[:en:Kampala|Kampala]], Uganda, nga yatikkirwa [[:en:Legal_practice|Diguli mu mateeka]]. Era alina [[:en:Legal_practice|Dipuloma mu kukola amateeka]], nga yamuweebwa aba [[:en:Law_Development_Centre|Law Development Centre]], nga n'ayo eri mu Kampala.<ref name="Bio" /> [[:en:Master_of_Laws|Diguli ye ey'okubiri mu mateeka]] ga commercial law, yagifunira ku [[:en:University_of_Bristol|University of Bristol]] mu [[:en:United_Kingdom|Bungereza]]. Alina [[:en:Doctor_of_Philosophy|Doctor of Philosophy]] mu mateeka, gye yafunira ku [[:en:University_of_Copenhagen|University of Copenhagen]] mu [[:en:Denmark|Denmark]]. == Emirimu gye == Tibatemwa-Ekirikubinza yaweerezaako nga lekikyala, n'asomesaako ne pulofeesa n'oluvanyuma n'afuuka Pulofeesa owa mateeka ku Makerere Yunivasite. Ekyaddirira oluvanyuma lw'ekyo, yalinyisibwa ku ddaala ly'omumyuka akulira Makerere nga yali avunaanyizibwa ku by'enjigiriza mu Ttendekero.<ref>http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Controversy-as-Tibatemwa-remains-Makerere-deputy-VC/688334-1487022-e13igq/index.html</ref> Okumala ebbanga lya myezi mukaaga, okuva mu Gwokuna 2009 okutuusa mu Gwekkumi 2009 yaweerezaako nga akulira Yunivasite y'e Makerere.<ref name="About" /><ref name="Bio" /> Mu 2013, yalondebwa okwegatta ku Kkooti ya Uganda ejuulirwamu nga yaweereza okutuusa mu 2015, lwe yalodebwa okugenda mu Kkooti ensukkulumu.<ref name="About" /><ref name="Bio" /> Yalondebwa ku kakiikok'ensi yonna ak'abalamuzi ku kisanja eky'emyaka etaano.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://theinsider.ug/index.php/2018/03/02/lady-justice-prof-tibatemwa-elected-to-the-icj/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-04-12 |archive-date=2021-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210724100425/https://theinsider.ug/index.php/2018/03/02/lady-justice-prof-tibatemwa-elected-to-the-icj/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Omulamuzi Tibatemwa-Ekirikubinza yali mu ku balamuzi ba Kkooti etaputa Ssemateeka nga y'omu ku bangi abalonda (4 ku 1) nti "tewali kanyomero mu Ssemateeka akalaga nti Omulamuzi ey'awummula asobola okuddamu okulondebwa". Ye yawandiika akalulu k'abantu abangi akaava mu kusala okwo. Okusalawo kwa Kkooti okwo kwaleetera [[:en:Benjamin_Odoki|Omulamuzi Benjamin Odoki]] obutaddamu ku londebwa nga Ssabalamuzi olw'okuba nti yali atuusizza emyaka egy'okuwummula (70). == Ebikulu ebirala == Mmemba mu kakiiko ka [http://www.unas.org.ug/ Uganda National Academy of Sciences] ne an alumnus of the International Women's Leadership Forum. Lillian Tibatemwa-Ekirikubinza mufumbo eri Paul Ekirikubinza, omukugu mu by'enguudo okumala emyaka 20 era balina abatabani basatu.<ref name="Bio" /> == Emirimu gye yakolera ku sikaala == Pulofeesa Tibatemwa-Ekirikubinza y'etabye buterevu mu kunoonyereza ku by'enjigiriza mu masomo g'amateeka n'okunoonyereza ku misango, eddembe ly'abaana, amateeka agafuga abaana abtannetuuka, eddembe ly'abakyala n'ekikula ky'abantu nga bino bye byamututumula ennyo. Emirimu gye gy'ekuusiza nnyo ku mateeka, eby'enfuna n'obyobuwangwa by'ekitundu nga akola emirimu ngasinziira ku kumanya kwe. Yetabye mu kunoonyereza ku mutindo gw'amatendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="mak">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.mak.ac.ug/prof-lillian-tibatemwa-ekirikubinza |access-date=2024-04-12 |archive-date=2023-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922212046/https://www.mak.ac.ug/prof-lillian-tibatemwa-ekirikubinza |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ng'ayita mu kunonyereza, afulumiza obutabo obw'enjawulo saako n'emikolo mu mpapula z'amawulire ng'akozesa okugerageranya mu mateeka, emsango emipagirire, emisango egikolebwa ku byuma bikalimazi, amateeka ag'akwata ku ddembe ly'obuntu, ekikula ky'abantu, emisango n'okunonyereza ku misango, amateeka g'abaana, amateeka agafuga abaana abatannaba kwetuuka, eddembe ly'obantu abaliko obulemu, amateeka agafuga amawulire n'embyempuliziganya (ICT); E-Commerce, emisango gy'oku kompyuta n'obujulizi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://unas.org.ug/team/hon-lady-justice-professor-lillian-tibatemwa-ekirikubinza/ |access-date=2024-04-12 |archive-date=2021-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603060433/https://unas.org.ug/team/hon-lady-justice-professor-lillian-tibatemwa-ekirikubinza/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Ebyamuwandiikibwako === Multiple Partnering, Gender Relations and Violence by Women in Uganda kyafulumizibwa mu 1998 nga ky'afulumizibwa aba East African Journal of Peace and Human Rights volume 4 issue 1 pages 15–40.<ref>https://africabib.org/rec.php?RID=170616444&DB=w</ref> Property Rights, Institutional Credit and Gender in Uganda nga kyafulumizibwa mu 1995 nga ky'afulumizibwa aba East African Journal of Peace and Human Rights volume 2 issue 1 empapula 68–80<ref>https://africabib.org/rec.php?RID=15761882X&DB=w</ref> The Judiciary and Enforcement of Human Rights: Between Judicial Activism and Judicial Restraint nga kyafulumizibwa mu 2002 nga kyafulumizibwa aba East African Journal of Peace and Human Rights volume 8 issue 2 empapula 145–173.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.africabib.org/s/rec.php?RID=250147750 |access-date=2024-04-12 |archive-date=2021-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602212741/https://www.africabib.org/s/rec.php?RID=250147750 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Family Relations and the Law in Uganda: Insights into Current Issues kyafulumizibwa mu 2002 mu Int'l Surv. Fam. L page 433. Amateeka agafuga abaana abatannetuuka mu Uganda: Towards Restorative Justice kyafuluizibwa mu 2003 mu Ddembe ly'obuntu volume 9 issue 1 empapula 293–346.<ref>https://brill.com/view/journals/hron/9/1/article-p293_11.xml</ref> Okutegeera eddembe ly'abaana: Omusango gw'okubigika n'okutulugunya abaana mu Uganda nga kyafulumizibwa mu 2003 mu East African Journal of Peace and Human Rights Volume 9 issue 1.<ref>https://www.africabib.org/rec.php?RID=269615296</ref> === Ebitabo bye y'awandiika === More Sinned against Than Sinning: Women's Violent Crime in Uganda. Ph.D. dissertation: Kriminalistik Institut, Kobenhavn, Denmark mu 1995.<ref>https://africabib.org/rec.php?RID=W00097121&DB=w</ref> Women's Violent Crime in Uganda: More Sinned against than Sinning kyafulumizibwa mu 1999 nga Fountain publishers b'ebabifulumya.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9970021666</ref> Criminal Law in Uganda. Sexual Assaults and Offences Against Morality ky'afulumizibwa aba Fountain publishers mu 2005.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9970024780</ref> Offences against the person: Homicides and Non-fatal Assaults in Uganda kyafulumizibwa aba Fountain publishers mu 2005.<ref>https://www.africanbookscollective.com/books/offences-against-the-person</ref> Judicial Bench Book on Violence Against Women in Commonwealth East Africa byafulumizibwa aba Commonwealth Secretariat mu 2016.<ref>https://books.thecommonwealth.org/judicial-bench-book-violence-against-women-commonwealth-east-africa-paperback</ref> A Comparative Review of Presidential Election Court Decisions in East Africa. With F. Ssempebwa, E. Munuo, and Busingye Kabumba ky'afulumizibwa aba Fountain publishers mu 2016.<ref>https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/959068381</ref> == Bye yatuukako == Omulamuzi Lillian Tibatemwa-Ekirikubinza yali omu ku bakyala abasooka okufuna; * Omukyala eyasooka mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa okufuna PhD mu mateeka<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://alumni.dfcentre.com/ugandas-supreme-court-justice-lillian-tibatemwa-ekirikubinza-lady-of-firsts |access-date=2024-04-12 |archive-date=2023-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531104422/https://alumni.dfcentre.com/ugandas-supreme-court-justice-lillian-tibatemwa-ekirikubinza-lady-of-firsts |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Omukyala eyasooka okufuuka Pulofeesa w'amateeka ajjudde mu kitundu kya East African * Omukyala eyasooka okulondebwa mu kifo ky'omumyuka w'amyuka okulembera Yunivasite ye Makerere mu Uganda<ref name="mak" /> == Laba na bino == * [[:en:Government_of_Uganda|Gavumenti ya Uganda]] * [[:en:Judiciary_of_Uganda|Essiga lya Uganda eddamuzi]] * [[:en:Uganda_Law_Society|Uganda Law Society]] == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwamu eby'ebweru wa Wikipediya == * [http://www.unas.org.ug/ Website of the Uganda National Academy of Sciences] {{Authority control}}{{Supreme Court of Uganda}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Tibatemwa-Ekirikubinza, Lillian}} [[Category:Bannayuganda abasomesa]] [[Category:Abasomesa]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Makerere University]] [[Category:Abalamuzi ba Uganda]] [[Category:Bannamateeka ba Uganda]] ibtkon0q1l23v324un1y045qk26uffd Cleopatra Koheirwe 0 10614 74366 54778 2026-09-10T00:32:28Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 74366 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cleopatra Koheirwe''' Munnayuganda, muzannyi wa filimu, muwandiisi, muyimbi era munnamawulire. Azannye ebifo by'anjawulo mu filimu ez'enjawulo ku telefayina z'abulijjo n'ez'ensi yonna.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170712194554/https://guru8.net/2017/05/uugandan-actress-cleopatra-koheirwe-stars-in-a-netflix-series/</ref><ref>http://www.showbizuganda.com/cleopatra-koheirwe-stars-in-a-netflix-series/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170827172409/http://chimpreports.com/entertainment/4399-meet-cleopatra-koheirwe-ugandas-most-talented-actress-writer-and-singer/</ref> Cleopatra azannya Ebony mu kazannyo akapya ak'obutundu akawandiikibwa [[:en:Nana_Kagga|Nana Kagga]] nga katuumibwa ''Reflections''<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170827174114/https://jump.ug/lifestyle-n-entertainment/cleopatra-koheirwe-actress-extraordinaire-jump-uganda</ref> wamu ne banne abatutumufu mu Uganda nga Malaika Nnyanzi, [[:en:Housen_Mushema|Housen Mushema]], Andrew Kyamagero, [[:en:Joel_Okuyo_Atiku|Prynce Joel Okuyo]] ne [[:en:Gladys_Oyenbot|Gladys Oyenbot]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.doberre.com/behind-scenes-part-1-ugandan-tv-series-reflections-kick-off-filming |access-date=2024-04-14 |archive-date=2018-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509152839/http://www.doberre.com/behind-scenes-part-1-ugandan-tv-series-reflections-kick-off-filming/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Koheirwe yegatta ku [[:en:StarTimes|StarTimes Uganda]] mu Gwomukaaga 2019 ng'akwasaganya eby'obulango.<ref>https://chimpreports.com/radio-personality-cleopatra-lands-juicy-gig-at-startimes-uganda/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.howwebiz.ug/news/celebrity/23754/cleopatra-koheirwe-joins-startimes-uganda-as-pr-manager |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-04-14 |archive-date=2020-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021104814/https://www.howwebiz.ug/news/celebrity/23754/cleopatra-koheirwe-joins-startimes-uganda-as-pr-manager |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190710161137/https://www.secondopinion-pl.com/radio-city-queen-named-startimes-pr-manager/</ref> == Emirimu gye == === Ng'omuyimbi (okuva mu 2001) === Mu 2001, yegatta ku kibiina ky'abayimbi era nga bazinyi ekimanyikiddwa nga Obsessions<ref>http://nairobiwire.com/2014/01/obssessions-girl-gets-baby.html</ref> (nga y'akyusibwa n'efuuka Obsessions Africa) okutuusa mu Gwokusatu 2007 lwe yalekulira ekibiina olw'ebigendererwa bye.<ref>http://www.satisfashionug.com/cleopatra-koheirwe-and-diana-kahunde-for-hellen-lukoma/</ref> Mu 2010, yatandiika okukola ku ky'okuyimba yekka. Oluyimba lwe olw'asooka y'alutuuma Ngamba (nga mu lungereza luyitibwa "Tell me") oluyimba olw'ali lunyumya ku bulimba obuli mu mukwano. Oluyimba lwa yagalwa era lw'azanyibwa ku mikutu gya lediyo mu Uganda.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20171006025537/http://www.musicuganda.com/Cleo.html</ref> === Ng'omuweereza wa Lediyo(okuva mu 2003) === Mu 2013, ng'akyaweereza ku Radiocity 97Fm,<ref>http://bigeye.ug/quitting-radio-radio-citys-cleopatra/</ref> yafuuka muweereza ku pulogulaamu ya U-Request show. Yagenda mu kuwummulako olw'okuzaala mu Gwekkuminebiri 2013 n'agenda e Kenya.<ref>http://bigeye.ug/quitting-radio-radio-citys-cleopatra/?yop_poll_tr_id=%5Byop_poll+id%3D&yop-poll-nonce-4_yp5ac3b89e20a3b=0570ffaff1</ref> Mu Gwekkumi 2016, Yaddamu obuweereza ku Radiocity ng'omu ku baweereza ba pulogulaamu ya ''Mid-Morning Magazine'' ne Peace Menya okutuuka ku nkomerero y'Ogwokutaano 2019 bwe yegatta ku StarTimes. === Telefayina === ==== Ng'omulamzi wa Telefayina (2011–2013) ==== Mu Gwomwenda 2013, Cleopatra yegatta ku [[:en:Flavia_Tumusiime|Flavia Tumusiime]] n'abalamuzi ba Tusker Project Fame judge ne [[:en:Juliana_Kanyomozi|Juliana Kanyomozi]] mu mpaka z'okusunsulamu eza Tusker Project Fame 6 mu Kampala.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ugandaonline.net/news/view/14228/tusker_project_fame_kampala_auditions_set |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-04-14 |archive-date=2024-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226163547/https://www.ugandaonline.net/news/view/14228/tusker_project_fame_kampala_auditions_set |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>http://bigeye.ug/cleopatra-koheirwe-unveils-her-prince-handsome/</ref><ref>http://www.satisfashionug.com/cleopatra-to-keep-her-style-casual-smart-at-the-tpf-kampala-auditions/</ref> === Muzannyi wa filimu === ==== Filimu ne telefayina ==== Mu 2006 Cleopatra yali omu kubagezesebwa mu kuzannya mu ''[[:en:The_Last_King_of_Scotland_(film)|The Last King of Scotland]]'' mu 2006 nga y'azannya nga Joy. Alabikidde mu filimu eziwera ne telefayina ez'abulijjo n'ezebulaaya nga bwawangula empaka ezimu. Azannye mu mizannyo nga M-Net TV series mu sizoni 1 ne 2 ng'omuyambi eri Nanziri Mayanja okuva mu 2008 okutuusa 2010, ''Be the Judge'', akazannyo k'obutundu akazanyibwa ku TV za Kenya nga Lucy Mango mu 2010, ''Yogera'' (2011) ng'azannya mu bifo bibiri [[:en:State_Research_Bureau_(film)|State Research Bureau]] (S.R.B) (2011) ng'azannya nga Faith Katushabe.<ref>http://bigeye.ug/photo-cleopatra-koheirwes-daughter-makes-one/</ref> Era yakolera ne mu firimu ey'obutundu ''[[:en:Kona_(TV_series)|Kona]]'', eya M-Net TV series ng'azannya nga Jakki, omukubi w'ebikonde ayagala okuddamu okukwatagana ne kitaawe omutendeesi w'ebikonde. Yalabikira ne mu ''[[:en:Sense8|Sense8]]'', firimu y'obutundu elagibwa ku Netflix Original Series nga yali azannya nga Maama.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170712194554/https://guru8.net/2017/05/uugandan-actress-cleopatra-koheirwe-stars-in-a-netflix-series/</ref> Cleopatra ategekebwa okulabikirako mu filimu y'obutundu e dayilekitingibwa Nana Kagga ''Reflections'' as Ebony, ng'omu ku bazannyi abazannyanyira ku ludda olulungi. === Emirimu gye egy'okukubiriza abalala === Era mu 2012, yalondebwa aba [[:en:Reach_a_Hand_Uganda|Reach a Hand Uganda]] (RAHU), ekitongole ky'obwannakyewa ekigendererwa okutumbula omuvubuka, okwogera eri abavubuka mu masomero ag'enjawulo. Oluvanyuma lw'okumalirirza olutabalo mu masomero, RAHU y'amusiima nga 'omukubiriza wa wiiki'.<ref>https://reachahanduganda.wordpress.com/2012/04/17/dmentor-of-the-week-3/</ref> Cleopatra yali omu kubantu abamaanyi mu Reach a Hand Uganda (RAHU) era yakola nnyo okutuusa mu 2014<ref>https://www.howwe.biz/CleopatraKoheirwe/biography</ref> bwe yali alina okuwummulamu okusobola okukuza omwana. == Okutendekebwa == Mu 2010 bwe yali mu nteekateeka okukwata firimu ya CHANGES sizoni 2, Cleopatra n'abazannyi omwali [[:en:Nick_Mutuma|Nick Mutuma]], [[:en:Pierra_Makena|Pierra Makena]], [[:en:Nini_Wacera|Nini Wacera]], [[:en:Patricia_Kihoro|Patricia Kihoro]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.patriciakihoro.com/2011/02/so-you-want-to-be-actoractress-munene.html |access-date=2024-04-14 |archive-date=2019-09-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190916231042/http://www.patriciakihoro.com/2011/02/so-you-want-to-be-actoractress-munene.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> bayita mu kutendekebwa mu kuzannya mu kakoddyo ka Rob Mello, omukugu mu kutendeka abazannyi okuva mu situdiyo ya Rob Mello Studios Atlanta, USA. == Ebimukwatako eby'omunda == Cleopatra ye mwana yekka eyazaalibwa Jocelyn Twinesanyu "Sanyu" Rwekikiga ne Anthony Abamwikirize Bateyo mu 1982. Taatawe yafa ng'atannazalibwa. Maamawe yafa ng'alina emyaka 15. Cleopatra alina omwana gwe yazaala mu 2014 ye ne muganziwe Lwanda Jawar, omuzannyi wa filimu mu Kenya, modo.<ref>http://bigeye.ug/cleopatra-reveals-that-she-is-pregnant/</ref> Yazaala omwanawe omuwala gwe yatuuma Aviana Twine Jawar nga 22 Ogusooka 2014.<ref>https://www.sde.co.ke/article/2000113898/top-radio-presenter-celebrates-her-bundle-of-joy</ref> Omwanawe y'amutuuma Twine nga yamubbula mu nnyina eyali Twinesanyu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.showbizuganda.com/cleopatra-lwanda-welcome-baby-girl/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-04-14 |archive-date=2017-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827214554/http://www.showbizuganda.com/cleopatra-lwanda-welcome-baby-girl/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Filimu ze y'azannya == {| class="wikitable" !Omwaka !Filimu/obuzannyo bw'obutundu obulagibwa ku TV !Ekifo kye y'azannya !Ebiwandiiko |- | rowspan="2" |2021 |''Prestige'' |Eunice Samula Kintu |akazannyo k'obutundu akalagibwa ku Pearl Magic Prime |- |''Juniors Drama Club (JDC)'' |Teacher Gabriella |akazannyo k'obutundu akalagibwa ku TV series nga y'adayilekitingibwa Allan Manzi |- |2019 |''[[:en:Kyaddala|Kyaddala]]'' |Rahu Counselor |A [[:en:Reach_a_Hand_Uganda|Reach a Hand Uganda]] and Emmanuel Ikubese Films elagibwa ku NBS |- | rowspan="3" |2018 |''[[:en:Family_(2018_TV_series)|#Family]]'' |Leah |Nabwiso Films TV series. |- |''[[:en:Mela_(Ugandan_TV_series)|Mela]]'' |Naava Katende |[[:en:Savannah_MOON|Savannah MOON]] Web Series |- |''[[:en:27_Guns|27 Guns]]'' |Alice Kaboyo |Natasha Museveni ye yali Dayilekita w'ayo |- |2017 |''Reflections'' |Ebony |Filimu y'obutundu eri mu kutegekebwa nga y'adayilekitingibwa [[:en:Nana_Kagga_Macpherson|Nana Kagga Macpherson]] |- |2016 |''[[:en:Sense8|Sense8]]'' |Mother |Filimu y'obutundu TV nga The Wachowskis ye Dayilekita |- |2013 |''[[:en:Kona_(TV_series)|Kona]]'' |Jakki |Kenyan telenovela <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160304073508/http://oops.ug/2014/03/12/cleopatra-kona-tv-series-best-thing-happened-career/</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2011 |''[[:en:State_Research_Bureau_(film)|State Research Bureau]]'' |Faith Katushabe |Ng'omu ku bazannyi |- |''[[:en:Yogera_(film)|Yogera]]'' |Hope/ G |double lead |- |2010 |''Be the Judge'' |Lucy Mango |Akazanno k'obutundu akalagibwa ku TV za Kenya |- |2008-10 |''Changes'' |Nanziri Mayanja |Filimu y'obutundu ezanyibwa ku Kenyan DSTV sizoni 1 & 2 Ng'omu ku bazannyi |- |2006 |''[[:en:The_Last_King_of_Scotland_(film)|The Last King of Scotland]]'' |Joy |Ng'omu ku bazannyi |- |} == Empaka z'eyavuganyamu n' Awaadi zeyafuna == {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="5" style="background: #FBFC8A;" |Awaadi |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" !Omwaka !Awaadi !Ettuluba !Emirimu !Ebyavaamu |- |2021 |[[:en:Uganda_Film_Festival_Awards|Uganda Film Festival Awards]] |Omuzannyi asinze mu mizannyo gya TV |Prestige | |- |2013 |RTV Awards |Omuweereza wa Lediyo omupya asinze |Radiocity FM | |- |2013 |Nile Diaspora's International Film Festival (NDIFF) |Omuzannyi nantawunyikamu |Honoree Award |Y'asiimibwa ne Awaadi ya Industry Maverick Award |- |2013 |Radio & Television Academy Awards (RTVAA) Uganda |Omuzannyo ogusinze mw'egyo egizannyibwa mu ttuntu mu lulimi olungereza |The Jam on Radiocity 97Fm | |- |2013 |[[:en:Buzz_Teeniez_Awards|Buzz Teeniez Awards]] |Teeniez Role Model | | |- |2012 |Super Talent Awards |Omuzannyi asinga ekitone | |- |2012 |[[:en:Pearl_International_Film_Festival|Pearl International Film Festival Awards (PIFFA)]] Uganda |Omuzannyi asinze mu bazannyi abalala abatatambulirako muzannyo |[[:en:State_Research_Bureau_(film)|State Research Bureau]] | |- |2011 |[[:en:Kalasha_Awards|Kalasha Film & Television Awards]], Kenya |Omuzannyi asinze mu buzannyo bwa TV |Be the Judge | |- |} == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwamu eby'ebweru wa Wikipediya == * Cleopatra Koheirwe at IMDb * Cleopatra Koheirwe on Facebook gdtblwuabtcpg7qb1usna6u4pri0hoj Richard Sebamala 0 11922 74200 70130 2026-09-09T14:45:40Z Ssebuufu 9882 74200 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Richard Sebamala''' (yazaalibwa 22 Ogwoluberyeberye 1997) yinginiya w'ebyobuzimbi, musuubuzi era munnabyabufuzi [[Munnayuganda]] aweereza ng'omubaka mu Paalamenti akiikirira ekitundu kya Bukoto ey'amasekkati mu Paalamenti ya Uganda okuva okuva mu 2021 okutuusa leero mu 2026.<ref>"Sebamala Richard – 2021 General Election – Visible Polls". ''visiblepolls.org''. Retrieved 2021-06-30.</ref> <ref name=":0">List of members of the twelfth Parliament of Uganda</ref>Yasooka okulondebwa mu kifo kino nga 14 Ogwoluberyeberye 2021 mu kulonda kwa Uganda okwa bonna okwa 2021. <ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/voter-seeks-to-overturn-victory-of-ssekandis-rival/</ref> Mmemba w'ekibiina kya [[Ekibiina kya Democratic Party(Uganda)|Democratic Party ekya Uganda]].<ref>"Bukoto Central Constituency – 2021 General Election – Visible Polls". ''visiblepolls.org''. Retrieved 2021-06-30.</ref> Mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] aweereza nga nga mmemba ku kakiiko k’ebizimbibwa akalondoola minisitule y’ettaka n’amayumba saako ne minisitule y’emirimu n’entambula nga kw’otadde n’okubeera mmemba ku kakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku kulondoola emirimu gy'ebitongole bya gavumenti ka COSASE <ref>https://www.parliament.go.ug/committee/2728/public-accounts-committee-cosase</ref><ref>Independent, The (July 28, 2021). "New COSASE members cautioned on corruption".</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Sebamala yazaalibwa nga 22 Ogwoluberyeberye 1979 e Bisanje mu Ssaza ly'e Buddu mu Disitulikiti y’e Masaka mu masekkati ga Uganda nga bazadde be ye Mwami Cyrus Ndawula omukanisi w'amasanyalaze ne Betty Elizabeth Nannyonga omusawo omuzaalisa.<ref name=":1">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/people-power/many-thought-i-was-crazy-daring-to-unseat-vp-ssekandi-sebamala-3375304</ref> Pulayimale yagimalira mu Nazareth Boarding Primary School, nagenda ku Bukalasa Seminary ku mutendera gwa siniya ey'okuna naatuula siniya ye eyomukaaka ku [[Namilyango College]] mu 2000. Mu 2001, yeegatta ku [[Yunivasite y'e Kyambogo]] naatikkirwa mu 2005 ne ddiguli esooka mu bwayinginiya bw'okuzimba.<ref>"Know your MP-elect: Richard Sebamala". ''New Vision''.</ref> Era alina ddiguli ey'okubiri mu bukulembeze n'okuddukanya emirimu okuva ku ttendekero lya [[Uganda Management Institute]].<ref>"Many thought I was crazy daring to unseat VP Ssekandi – Sebamala". ''Monitor''. 2021-04-24. Retrieved 2025-08-18.</ref><ref>mikessegawa (2021-04-08). "10 questions for Parliament Speaker aspirant, Engineer Richard Sebamala". ''Watchdog Uganda''. Retrieved 2021-06-30.</ref><ref>Writer, JAVIRA SSEBWAMI | PML Daily Staff (2019-12-04). "Youthful civil engineer Sebamala moves to unseat VP Ssekandi from Bukoto Central". ''PML Daily''. Retrieved 2021-06-30.</ref> == Emirimu gye. == Nga tannatikkirwa ku [[Yunivasite y'e Kyambogo|yunivasite y’e Kyambogo]] mu 2004, Sebamala yaweereza ng’omutendeke mu kkampuni ya Zzimwe Construction Company, kkampuni ya Uganda ekola enguudo . Abaddeko mu bifo eby’enjawulo ebya yinginiya mu kkampuni ez’enjawulo nga Dayirekita mu Ddaki Technical Services (2006), Contract Manager mu Multiplex Uganda Limited (Ogwomwenda 2009-Ogwokubiri 2010), nga Dayirekita mu Multix Limited (kampuni ya yinginiya) 2010-2013 nga tannaba kwegatta ku Gavumenti ez’ebitundu mu Disitulikiti y’e Iganga nga yinginiya omukulu (2013-2019). <ref name="auto">https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/88427</ref> Mu kiseera kino, Sebamala akola bizinensi y’okuyingiza n’okufulumya ebintu mu kibuga Kampala. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ugnews24.info/politics/eng-richard-sebamala-nomumyuka-wa-pulezidenti-edward-sekandi-baakugwisa-bwenyi-e-bukoto-central-masaka-ugnews24/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-09-21 |archive-date=2021-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182814/https://ugnews24.info/politics/eng-richard-sebamala-nomumyuka-wa-pulezidenti-edward-sekandi-baakugwisa-bwenyi-e-bukoto-central-masaka-ugnews24/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Eby'obufuzi === Nga 14 Ogusooka 2021, yalondebwa ng'omubaka mu Paalamenti akiikirira ekitundu ky'e Bukoto ey'amasekkati mu [[Masaka (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Masaka]] mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] ey'ekkumin'emu (2021 okutuuka 2026) mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021 mu Uganda era nga 20 Ogwokutaano 2021 yalayizibwa ku bwa Mmemba wa Paalamenti . <ref>https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2016-election/candidates/sebamala-richard-8021/</ref>Sebamala yawangula n'obululu 9916 nga yawangula eyali omumyuka wa Pulezidenti [[Ow'ekitiibwa Edward Kiwanuka Ssekandi|Edward Kiwanuka Ssekandi]] eyali aweerezza ng'omubaka mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ow'Essaza ly'e Bukoto ey'amasekkati okuva mu 1996 .<ref name=":1" /><ref>"Know your MP-elect: Richard Sebamala". ''New Vision''. Retrieved 2021-06-30.</ref><ref>''TUWAYE: Richard Sebamala ayogera ku bintu omuvubuka by'alina okwekwata okusobola okufuna ssente'', retrieved 2021-06-30</ref>Yali omu ku ba mmemba b'ekibiina ki [[Ekibiina kya Democratic Party(Uganda)|Democratic party]] abana abeesamba endagaano y'okukolagana eyateekebwako omukono wakati w'ekibiina ekifuga ki [[National Resistance Movement]] ne DP eyavaamu pulezidenti wa Democratic Party [[Norbert Mao|Nobert Mao]] okulondebwa pulezidenti Museveni nga Minisita w'Obwenkanya n'ensonga za Ssemateeka.Oluvannyuma lw'ebyo, Sebamala yalaga obwagazi bw'okuvuganya Mao mu lwokaano lw'okulonda pulezidenti wa Democratic party okwali kuddako<ref>https://bbstv.ug/news/politics/eby-okusiguukulula-mao-mu-dp-bizzeemu-richard-sebamala-yeewera-kumuwangula/</ref> naye yaggyibwa nti a mu lwokaano ku nsonga z'obutaba na bisaanyizo bya kibiina ommuli n'ekyekiseera ng'ayagala okwesimbawo ku kifo ekyo ateekeddwa okuba ng'amaze wakiri ebbanga lya myaka kkumi nga mmemba nga tannatuusa kwesimba ku kifo ekyo ekya pulezidenti w'ekibiina.<ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/mao-secures-4th-term-as-dp-president-amid-chaos-5066850</ref>Abalala abastu mwalimu Richard Lumu owa Mityana ey'Obukiika ddyo, owa Buikwe ey'Obukiika ddyo n'owessaza lya Kyotera John Paul Mpalanyi.<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/democratic-party-mps-call-maos-resignation/</ref> Yaddamu naavuganya ku kifo kya paalamenti ekya Bukoto ey'amasekkati mu Disitulikiti y'e Masaka eyaawamu naawangula.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/sebamala-eager-to-show-2021-win-was-not-a-fluke-5149428#story</ref><ref>https://www.facebook.com/NTVUganda/posts/incumbent-richard-ssebamala-has-been-declared-the-member-of-parliament-elect-for/1373184451518802/</ref> == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Sebamala mufumbo eri Joanitah Mbabazi era bombi balina abaana bataano.<ref>https://observer.ug/lifestyle-entertainment/richard-sebamala-accidental-politician-eyeing-global-clout/</ref> Mmemba w'ekibiina kya [[Ekibiina kya Democratic Party(Uganda)|Democratic Party ekya Uganda]] . <ref name="auto1">https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/constituencies/bukoto-central-116/</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] * Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumineemu * Okulonda kwa Uganda okwa bonna okwa 2021 == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa w'abweru wa Wikipedia. == * Ebikwata ku bulamu bwe * [https://twitter.com/RichardSebamala] * [[Richard Sebamala]]. * [https://www.linkedin.com/in/sebamala-richard-a5677310] {{DEFAULTSORT:Sebamala, Richard}} [[Category:Abaasomera ku yunivasite y'e Kyambogo]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Uganda Management Institute]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Masaka]] [[Category:Abaazalibwa mu 1979]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumineemu]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Kyambogo University]] 80p27xt6pc76yrtckdjnex4sd9rk2us 74201 74200 2026-09-09T14:47:10Z Ssebuufu 9882 74201 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Richard Sebamala''' (yazaalibwa 22 Ogwoluberyeberye 1997) yinginiya w'ebyobuzimbi, musuubuzi era munnabyabufuzi [[Munnayuganda]] aweereza ng'omubaka mu Paalamenti akiikirira ekitundu kya Bukoto ey'amasekkati mu Paalamenti ya Uganda okuva okuva mu 2021 okutuusa leero mu 2026.<ref>"Sebamala Richard – 2021 General Election – Visible Polls". ''visiblepolls.org''. Retrieved 2021-06-30.</ref> <ref name=":0">List of members of the twelfth Parliament of Uganda</ref>Yasooka okulondebwa mu kifo kino nga 14 Ogwoluberyeberye 2021 mu kulonda kwa Uganda okwa bonna okwa 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Independent |first=The |date=2021-03-22 |title=Voter seeks to overturn victory of Ssekandi's rival |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/voter-seeks-to-overturn-victory-of-ssekandis-rival/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=The Independent Uganda: |language=en-US}}</ref> Mmemba w'ekibiina kya [[Ekibiina kya Democratic Party(Uganda)|Democratic Party ekya Uganda]].<ref>"Bukoto Central Constituency – 2021 General Election – Visible Polls". ''visiblepolls.org''. Retrieved 2021-06-30.</ref> Mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] aweereza nga nga mmemba ku kakiiko k’ebizimbibwa akalondoola minisitule y’ettaka n’amayumba saako ne minisitule y’emirimu n’entambula nga kw’otadde n’okubeera mmemba ku kakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku kulondoola emirimu gy'ebitongole bya gavumenti ka COSASE <ref>{{Cite web |last=Paskazia |date=2018-09-24 |title=Public Accounts Committee-COSASE |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/committee/2728/public-accounts-committee-cosase |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240528070402/https://www.parliament.go.ug/committee/2728/public-accounts-committee-cosase |archive-date=2024-05-28 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.parliament.go.ug |language=en}}</ref><ref>Independent, The (July 28, 2021). "New COSASE members cautioned on corruption".</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Sebamala yazaalibwa nga 22 Ogwoluberyeberye 1979 e Bisanje mu Ssaza ly'e Buddu mu Disitulikiti y’e Masaka mu masekkati ga Uganda nga bazadde be ye Mwami Cyrus Ndawula omukanisi w'amasanyalaze ne Betty Elizabeth Nannyonga omusawo omuzaalisa.<ref name=":1">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/people-power/many-thought-i-was-crazy-daring-to-unseat-vp-ssekandi-sebamala-3375304</ref> Pulayimale yagimalira mu Nazareth Boarding Primary School, nagenda ku Bukalasa Seminary ku mutendera gwa siniya ey'okuna naatuula siniya ye eyomukaaka ku [[Namilyango College]] mu 2000. Mu 2001, yeegatta ku [[Yunivasite y'e Kyambogo]] naatikkirwa mu 2005 ne ddiguli esooka mu bwayinginiya bw'okuzimba.<ref>"Know your MP-elect: Richard Sebamala". ''New Vision''.</ref> Era alina ddiguli ey'okubiri mu bukulembeze n'okuddukanya emirimu okuva ku ttendekero lya [[Uganda Management Institute]].<ref>"Many thought I was crazy daring to unseat VP Ssekandi – Sebamala". ''Monitor''. 2021-04-24. Retrieved 2025-08-18.</ref><ref>mikessegawa (2021-04-08). "10 questions for Parliament Speaker aspirant, Engineer Richard Sebamala". ''Watchdog Uganda''. Retrieved 2021-06-30.</ref><ref>Writer, JAVIRA SSEBWAMI | PML Daily Staff (2019-12-04). "Youthful civil engineer Sebamala moves to unseat VP Ssekandi from Bukoto Central". ''PML Daily''. Retrieved 2021-06-30.</ref> == Emirimu gye. == Nga tannatikkirwa ku [[Yunivasite y'e Kyambogo|yunivasite y’e Kyambogo]] mu 2004, Sebamala yaweereza ng’omutendeke mu kkampuni ya Zzimwe Construction Company, kkampuni ya Uganda ekola enguudo . Abaddeko mu bifo eby’enjawulo ebya yinginiya mu kkampuni ez’enjawulo nga Dayirekita mu Ddaki Technical Services (2006), Contract Manager mu Multiplex Uganda Limited (Ogwomwenda 2009-Ogwokubiri 2010), nga Dayirekita mu Multix Limited (kampuni ya yinginiya) 2010-2013 nga tannaba kwegatta ku Gavumenti ez’ebitundu mu Disitulikiti y’e Iganga nga yinginiya omukulu (2013-2019). <ref name="auto">https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/88427</ref> Mu kiseera kino, Sebamala akola bizinensi y’okuyingiza n’okufulumya ebintu mu kibuga Kampala. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ugnews24.info/politics/eng-richard-sebamala-nomumyuka-wa-pulezidenti-edward-sekandi-baakugwisa-bwenyi-e-bukoto-central-masaka-ugnews24/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-09-21 |archive-date=2021-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182814/https://ugnews24.info/politics/eng-richard-sebamala-nomumyuka-wa-pulezidenti-edward-sekandi-baakugwisa-bwenyi-e-bukoto-central-masaka-ugnews24/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Eby'obufuzi === Nga 14 Ogusooka 2021, yalondebwa ng'omubaka mu Paalamenti akiikirira ekitundu ky'e Bukoto ey'amasekkati mu [[Masaka (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Masaka]] mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] ey'ekkumin'emu (2021 okutuuka 2026) mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021 mu Uganda era nga 20 Ogwokutaano 2021 yalayizibwa ku bwa Mmemba wa Paalamenti . <ref>https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2016-election/candidates/sebamala-richard-8021/</ref>Sebamala yawangula n'obululu 9916 nga yawangula eyali omumyuka wa Pulezidenti [[Ow'ekitiibwa Edward Kiwanuka Ssekandi|Edward Kiwanuka Ssekandi]] eyali aweerezza ng'omubaka mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ow'Essaza ly'e Bukoto ey'amasekkati okuva mu 1996 .<ref name=":1" /><ref>"Know your MP-elect: Richard Sebamala". ''New Vision''. Retrieved 2021-06-30.</ref><ref>''TUWAYE: Richard Sebamala ayogera ku bintu omuvubuka by'alina okwekwata okusobola okufuna ssente'', retrieved 2021-06-30</ref>Yali omu ku ba mmemba b'ekibiina ki [[Ekibiina kya Democratic Party(Uganda)|Democratic party]] abana abeesamba endagaano y'okukolagana eyateekebwako omukono wakati w'ekibiina ekifuga ki [[National Resistance Movement]] ne DP eyavaamu pulezidenti wa Democratic Party [[Norbert Mao|Nobert Mao]] okulondebwa pulezidenti Museveni nga Minisita w'Obwenkanya n'ensonga za Ssemateeka.Oluvannyuma lw'ebyo, Sebamala yalaga obwagazi bw'okuvuganya Mao mu lwokaano lw'okulonda pulezidenti wa Democratic party okwali kuddako<ref>https://bbstv.ug/news/politics/eby-okusiguukulula-mao-mu-dp-bizzeemu-richard-sebamala-yeewera-kumuwangula/</ref> naye yaggyibwa nti a mu lwokaano ku nsonga z'obutaba na bisaanyizo bya kibiina ommuli n'ekyekiseera ng'ayagala okwesimbawo ku kifo ekyo ateekeddwa okuba ng'amaze wakiri ebbanga lya myaka kkumi nga mmemba nga tannatuusa kwesimba ku kifo ekyo ekya pulezidenti w'ekibiina.<ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/mao-secures-4th-term-as-dp-president-amid-chaos-5066850</ref>Abalala abastu mwalimu Richard Lumu owa Mityana ey'Obukiika ddyo, owa Buikwe ey'Obukiika ddyo n'owessaza lya Kyotera John Paul Mpalanyi.<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/democratic-party-mps-call-maos-resignation/</ref> Yaddamu naavuganya ku kifo kya paalamenti ekya Bukoto ey'amasekkati mu Disitulikiti y'e Masaka eyaawamu naawangula.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/sebamala-eager-to-show-2021-win-was-not-a-fluke-5149428#story</ref><ref>https://www.facebook.com/NTVUganda/posts/incumbent-richard-ssebamala-has-been-declared-the-member-of-parliament-elect-for/1373184451518802/</ref> == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Sebamala mufumbo eri Joanitah Mbabazi era bombi balina abaana bataano.<ref>https://observer.ug/lifestyle-entertainment/richard-sebamala-accidental-politician-eyeing-global-clout/</ref> Mmemba w'ekibiina kya [[Ekibiina kya Democratic Party(Uganda)|Democratic Party ekya Uganda]] . <ref name="auto1">https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/constituencies/bukoto-central-116/</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] * Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumineemu * Okulonda kwa Uganda okwa bonna okwa 2021 == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa w'abweru wa Wikipedia. == * Ebikwata ku bulamu bwe * [https://twitter.com/RichardSebamala] * [[Richard Sebamala]]. * [https://www.linkedin.com/in/sebamala-richard-a5677310] {{DEFAULTSORT:Sebamala, Richard}} [[Category:Abaasomera ku yunivasite y'e Kyambogo]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Uganda Management Institute]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Masaka]] [[Category:Abaazalibwa mu 1979]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumineemu]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Kyambogo University]] senoofjvj2ssxrxlzbfserxuyihzjwu 74202 74201 2026-09-09T14:53:20Z Ssebuufu 9882 ntereezezza akatindo 74202 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Richard Sebamala''' (yazaalibwa 22 Ogwoluberyeberye 1997) yinginiya w'ebyobuzimbi, musuubuzi era munnabyabufuzi [[Munnayuganda]] aweereza ng'omubaka mu Paalamenti akiikirira ekitundu kya Bukoto ey'amasekkati mu Paalamenti ya Uganda okuva okuva mu 2021 okutuusa leero mu 2026.<ref>"Sebamala Richard – 2021 General Election – Visible Polls". ''visiblepolls.org''. Retrieved 2021-06-30.</ref> <ref name=":0">List of members of the twelfth Parliament of Uganda</ref>Yasooka okulondebwa mu kifo kino nga 14 Ogwoluberyeberye 2021 mu kulonda kwa Uganda okwa bonna okwa 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Independent |first=The |date=2021-03-22 |title=Voter seeks to overturn victory of Ssekandi's rival |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/voter-seeks-to-overturn-victory-of-ssekandis-rival/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=The Independent Uganda: |language=en-US}}</ref> Mmemba w'ekibiina kya [[Ekibiina kya Democratic Party(Uganda)|Democratic Party ekya Uganda]].<ref>"Bukoto Central Constituency – 2021 General Election – Visible Polls". ''visiblepolls.org''. Retrieved 2021-06-30.</ref> Mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] aweereza nga nga mmemba ku kakiiko k’ebizimbibwa akalondoola minisitule y’ettaka n’amayumba saako ne minisitule y’emirimu n’entambula nga kw’otadde n’okubeera mmemba ku kakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku kulondoola emirimu gy'ebitongole bya gavumenti ka COSASE <ref>{{Cite web |last=Paskazia |date=2018-09-24 |title=Public Accounts Committee-COSASE |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/committee/2728/public-accounts-committee-cosase |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240528070402/https://www.parliament.go.ug/committee/2728/public-accounts-committee-cosase |archive-date=2024-05-28 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.parliament.go.ug |language=en}}</ref><ref>Independent, The (July 28, 2021). "New COSASE members cautioned on corruption".</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Sebamala yazaalibwa nga 22 Ogwoluberyeberye 1979 e Bisanje mu Ssaza ly'e Buddu mu Disitulikiti y’e Masaka mu masekkati ga Uganda nga bazadde be ye Mwami Cyrus Ndawula omukanisi w'amasanyalaze ne Betty Elizabeth Nannyonga omusawo omuzaalisa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2021-04-24 |title=Many thought I was crazy daring to unseat VP Ssekandi - Sebamala |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/people-power/many-thought-i-was-crazy-daring-to-unseat-vp-ssekandi-sebamala-3375304 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Pulayimale yagimalira mu Nazareth Boarding Primary School, nagenda ku Bukalasa Seminary ku mutendera gwa siniya ey'okuna naatuula siniya ye eyomukaaka ku [[Namilyango College]] mu 2000. Mu 2001, yeegatta ku [[Yunivasite y'e Kyambogo]] naatikkirwa mu 2005 ne ddiguli esooka mu bwayinginiya bw'okuzimba.<ref>"Know your MP-elect: Richard Sebamala". ''New Vision''.</ref> Era alina ddiguli ey'okubiri mu bukulembeze n'okuddukanya emirimu okuva ku ttendekero lya [[Uganda Management Institute]].<ref>"Many thought I was crazy daring to unseat VP Ssekandi – Sebamala". ''Monitor''. 2021-04-24. Retrieved 2025-08-18.</ref><ref>mikessegawa (2021-04-08). "10 questions for Parliament Speaker aspirant, Engineer Richard Sebamala". ''Watchdog Uganda''. Retrieved 2021-06-30.</ref><ref>Writer, JAVIRA SSEBWAMI | PML Daily Staff (2019-12-04). "Youthful civil engineer Sebamala moves to unseat VP Ssekandi from Bukoto Central". ''PML Daily''. Retrieved 2021-06-30.</ref> == Emirimu gye. == Nga tannatikkirwa ku [[Yunivasite y'e Kyambogo|yunivasite y’e Kyambogo]] mu 2004, Sebamala yaweereza ng’omutendeke mu kkampuni ya Zzimwe Construction Company, kkampuni ya Uganda ekola enguudo . Abaddeko mu bifo eby’enjawulo ebya yinginiya mu kkampuni ez’enjawulo nga Dayirekita mu Ddaki Technical Services (2006), Contract Manager mu Multiplex Uganda Limited (Ogwomwenda 2009-Ogwokubiri 2010), nga Dayirekita mu Multix Limited (kampuni ya yinginiya) 2010-2013 nga tannaba kwegatta ku Gavumenti ez’ebitundu mu Disitulikiti y’e Iganga nga yinginiya omukulu (2013-2019). <ref name="auto">https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/88427</ref> Mu kiseera kino, Sebamala akola bizinensi y’okuyingiza n’okufulumya ebintu mu kibuga Kampala. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ugnews24.info/politics/eng-richard-sebamala-nomumyuka-wa-pulezidenti-edward-sekandi-baakugwisa-bwenyi-e-bukoto-central-masaka-ugnews24/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-09-21 |archive-date=2021-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182814/https://ugnews24.info/politics/eng-richard-sebamala-nomumyuka-wa-pulezidenti-edward-sekandi-baakugwisa-bwenyi-e-bukoto-central-masaka-ugnews24/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Eby'obufuzi === Nga 14 Ogusooka 2021, yalondebwa ng'omubaka mu Paalamenti akiikirira ekitundu ky'e Bukoto ey'amasekkati mu [[Masaka (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Masaka]] mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] ey'ekkumin'emu (2021 okutuuka 2026) mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021 mu Uganda era nga 20 Ogwokutaano 2021 yalayizibwa ku bwa Mmemba wa Paalamenti . <ref>https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2016-election/candidates/sebamala-richard-8021/</ref>Sebamala yawangula n'obululu 9916 nga yawangula eyali omumyuka wa Pulezidenti [[Ow'ekitiibwa Edward Kiwanuka Ssekandi|Edward Kiwanuka Ssekandi]] eyali aweerezza ng'omubaka mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ow'Essaza ly'e Bukoto ey'amasekkati okuva mu 1996 .<ref name=":1" /><ref>"Know your MP-elect: Richard Sebamala". ''New Vision''. Retrieved 2021-06-30.</ref><ref>''TUWAYE: Richard Sebamala ayogera ku bintu omuvubuka by'alina okwekwata okusobola okufuna ssente'', retrieved 2021-06-30</ref>Yali omu ku ba mmemba b'ekibiina ki [[Ekibiina kya Democratic Party(Uganda)|Democratic party]] abana abeesamba endagaano y'okukolagana eyateekebwako omukono wakati w'ekibiina ekifuga ki [[National Resistance Movement]] ne DP eyavaamu pulezidenti wa Democratic Party [[Norbert Mao|Nobert Mao]] okulondebwa pulezidenti Museveni nga Minisita w'Obwenkanya n'ensonga za Ssemateeka.Oluvannyuma lw'ebyo, Sebamala yalaga obwagazi bw'okuvuganya Mao mu lwokaano lw'okulonda pulezidenti wa Democratic party okwali kuddako<ref>https://bbstv.ug/news/politics/eby-okusiguukulula-mao-mu-dp-bizzeemu-richard-sebamala-yeewera-kumuwangula/</ref> naye yaggyibwa nti a mu lwokaano ku nsonga z'obutaba na bisaanyizo bya kibiina ommuli n'ekyekiseera ng'ayagala okwesimbawo ku kifo ekyo ateekeddwa okuba ng'amaze wakiri ebbanga lya myaka kkumi nga mmemba nga tannatuusa kwesimba ku kifo ekyo ekya pulezidenti w'ekibiina.<ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/mao-secures-4th-term-as-dp-president-amid-chaos-5066850</ref>Abalala abastu mwalimu Richard Lumu owa Mityana ey'Obukiika ddyo, owa Buikwe ey'Obukiika ddyo n'owessaza lya Kyotera John Paul Mpalanyi.<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/democratic-party-mps-call-maos-resignation/</ref> Yaddamu naavuganya ku kifo kya paalamenti ekya Bukoto ey'amasekkati mu Disitulikiti y'e Masaka eyaawamu naawangula.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/sebamala-eager-to-show-2021-win-was-not-a-fluke-5149428#story</ref><ref>https://www.facebook.com/NTVUganda/posts/incumbent-richard-ssebamala-has-been-declared-the-member-of-parliament-elect-for/1373184451518802/</ref> == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Sebamala mufumbo eri Joanitah Mbabazi era bombi balina abaana bataano.<ref>https://observer.ug/lifestyle-entertainment/richard-sebamala-accidental-politician-eyeing-global-clout/</ref> Mmemba w'ekibiina kya [[Ekibiina kya Democratic Party(Uganda)|Democratic Party ekya Uganda]] . <ref name="auto1">https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/constituencies/bukoto-central-116/</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] * Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumineemu * Okulonda kwa Uganda okwa bonna okwa 2021 == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa w'abweru wa Wikipedia. == * Ebikwata ku bulamu bwe * [https://twitter.com/RichardSebamala] * [[Richard Sebamala]]. * [https://www.linkedin.com/in/sebamala-richard-a5677310] {{DEFAULTSORT:Sebamala, Richard}} [[Category:Abaasomera ku yunivasite y'e Kyambogo]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Uganda Management Institute]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Masaka]] [[Category:Abaazalibwa mu 1979]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumineemu]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Kyambogo University]] ovpppz8492xlp4h1l1dxalfj939qita 74395 74202 2026-09-10T06:37:40Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 74395 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Richard Sebamala''' (yazaalibwa 22 Ogwoluberyeberye 1997) yinginiya w'ebyobuzimbi, musuubuzi era munnabyabufuzi [[Munnayuganda]] aweereza ng'omubaka mu Paalamenti akiikirira ekitundu kya Bukoto ey'amasekkati mu Paalamenti ya Uganda okuva okuva mu 2021 okutuusa leero mu 2026.<ref>"Sebamala Richard – 2021 General Election – Visible Polls". ''visiblepolls.org''. Retrieved 2021-06-30.</ref> <ref name=":0">List of members of the twelfth Parliament of Uganda</ref>Yasooka okulondebwa mu kifo kino nga 14 Ogwoluberyeberye 2021 mu kulonda kwa Uganda okwa bonna okwa 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Independent |first=The |date=2021-03-22 |title=Voter seeks to overturn victory of Ssekandi's rival |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/voter-seeks-to-overturn-victory-of-ssekandis-rival/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=The Independent Uganda: |language=en-US}}</ref> Mmemba w'ekibiina kya [[Ekibiina kya Democratic Party(Uganda)|Democratic Party ekya Uganda]].<ref>"Bukoto Central Constituency – 2021 General Election – Visible Polls". ''visiblepolls.org''. Retrieved 2021-06-30.</ref> Mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] aweereza nga nga mmemba ku kakiiko k’ebizimbibwa akalondoola minisitule y’ettaka n’amayumba saako ne minisitule y’emirimu n’entambula nga kw’otadde n’okubeera mmemba ku kakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku kulondoola emirimu gy'ebitongole bya gavumenti ka COSASE <ref>{{Cite web |last=Paskazia |date=2018-09-24 |title=Public Accounts Committee-COSASE |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/committee/2728/public-accounts-committee-cosase |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528070402/https://www.parliament.go.ug/committee/2728/public-accounts-committee-cosase |archive-date=2024-05-28 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.parliament.go.ug |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Independent, The (July 28, 2021). "New COSASE members cautioned on corruption".</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Sebamala yazaalibwa nga 22 Ogwoluberyeberye 1979 e Bisanje mu Ssaza ly'e Buddu mu Disitulikiti y’e Masaka mu masekkati ga Uganda nga bazadde be ye Mwami Cyrus Ndawula omukanisi w'amasanyalaze ne Betty Elizabeth Nannyonga omusawo omuzaalisa.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2021-04-24 |title=Many thought I was crazy daring to unseat VP Ssekandi - Sebamala |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/people-power/many-thought-i-was-crazy-daring-to-unseat-vp-ssekandi-sebamala-3375304 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Pulayimale yagimalira mu Nazareth Boarding Primary School, nagenda ku Bukalasa Seminary ku mutendera gwa siniya ey'okuna naatuula siniya ye eyomukaaka ku [[Namilyango College]] mu 2000. Mu 2001, yeegatta ku [[Yunivasite y'e Kyambogo]] naatikkirwa mu 2005 ne ddiguli esooka mu bwayinginiya bw'okuzimba.<ref>"Know your MP-elect: Richard Sebamala". ''New Vision''.</ref> Era alina ddiguli ey'okubiri mu bukulembeze n'okuddukanya emirimu okuva ku ttendekero lya [[Uganda Management Institute]].<ref>"Many thought I was crazy daring to unseat VP Ssekandi – Sebamala". ''Monitor''. 2021-04-24. Retrieved 2025-08-18.</ref><ref>mikessegawa (2021-04-08). "10 questions for Parliament Speaker aspirant, Engineer Richard Sebamala". ''Watchdog Uganda''. Retrieved 2021-06-30.</ref><ref>Writer, JAVIRA SSEBWAMI | PML Daily Staff (2019-12-04). "Youthful civil engineer Sebamala moves to unseat VP Ssekandi from Bukoto Central". ''PML Daily''. Retrieved 2021-06-30.</ref> == Emirimu gye. == Nga tannatikkirwa ku [[Yunivasite y'e Kyambogo|yunivasite y’e Kyambogo]] mu 2004, Sebamala yaweereza ng’omutendeke mu kkampuni ya Zzimwe Construction Company, kkampuni ya Uganda ekola enguudo . Abaddeko mu bifo eby’enjawulo ebya yinginiya mu kkampuni ez’enjawulo nga Dayirekita mu Ddaki Technical Services (2006), Contract Manager mu Multiplex Uganda Limited (Ogwomwenda 2009-Ogwokubiri 2010), nga Dayirekita mu Multix Limited (kampuni ya yinginiya) 2010-2013 nga tannaba kwegatta ku Gavumenti ez’ebitundu mu Disitulikiti y’e Iganga nga yinginiya omukulu (2013-2019). <ref name="auto">https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/88427</ref> Mu kiseera kino, Sebamala akola bizinensi y’okuyingiza n’okufulumya ebintu mu kibuga Kampala. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ugnews24.info/politics/eng-richard-sebamala-nomumyuka-wa-pulezidenti-edward-sekandi-baakugwisa-bwenyi-e-bukoto-central-masaka-ugnews24/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-09-21 |archive-date=2021-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182814/https://ugnews24.info/politics/eng-richard-sebamala-nomumyuka-wa-pulezidenti-edward-sekandi-baakugwisa-bwenyi-e-bukoto-central-masaka-ugnews24/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Eby'obufuzi === Nga 14 Ogusooka 2021, yalondebwa ng'omubaka mu Paalamenti akiikirira ekitundu ky'e Bukoto ey'amasekkati mu [[Masaka (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Masaka]] mu [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] ey'ekkumin'emu (2021 okutuuka 2026) mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021 mu Uganda era nga 20 Ogwokutaano 2021 yalayizibwa ku bwa Mmemba wa Paalamenti . <ref>https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2016-election/candidates/sebamala-richard-8021/</ref>Sebamala yawangula n'obululu 9916 nga yawangula eyali omumyuka wa Pulezidenti [[Ow'ekitiibwa Edward Kiwanuka Ssekandi|Edward Kiwanuka Ssekandi]] eyali aweerezza ng'omubaka mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ow'Essaza ly'e Bukoto ey'amasekkati okuva mu 1996 .<ref name=":1" /><ref>"Know your MP-elect: Richard Sebamala". ''New Vision''. Retrieved 2021-06-30.</ref><ref>''TUWAYE: Richard Sebamala ayogera ku bintu omuvubuka by'alina okwekwata okusobola okufuna ssente'', retrieved 2021-06-30</ref>Yali omu ku ba mmemba b'ekibiina ki [[Ekibiina kya Democratic Party(Uganda)|Democratic party]] abana abeesamba endagaano y'okukolagana eyateekebwako omukono wakati w'ekibiina ekifuga ki [[National Resistance Movement]] ne DP eyavaamu pulezidenti wa Democratic Party [[Norbert Mao|Nobert Mao]] okulondebwa pulezidenti Museveni nga Minisita w'Obwenkanya n'ensonga za Ssemateeka.Oluvannyuma lw'ebyo, Sebamala yalaga obwagazi bw'okuvuganya Mao mu lwokaano lw'okulonda pulezidenti wa Democratic party okwali kuddako<ref>https://bbstv.ug/news/politics/eby-okusiguukulula-mao-mu-dp-bizzeemu-richard-sebamala-yeewera-kumuwangula/</ref> naye yaggyibwa nti a mu lwokaano ku nsonga z'obutaba na bisaanyizo bya kibiina ommuli n'ekyekiseera ng'ayagala okwesimbawo ku kifo ekyo ateekeddwa okuba ng'amaze wakiri ebbanga lya myaka kkumi nga mmemba nga tannatuusa kwesimba ku kifo ekyo ekya pulezidenti w'ekibiina.<ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/mao-secures-4th-term-as-dp-president-amid-chaos-5066850</ref>Abalala abastu mwalimu Richard Lumu owa Mityana ey'Obukiika ddyo, owa Buikwe ey'Obukiika ddyo n'owessaza lya Kyotera John Paul Mpalanyi.<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/democratic-party-mps-call-maos-resignation/</ref> Yaddamu naavuganya ku kifo kya paalamenti ekya Bukoto ey'amasekkati mu Disitulikiti y'e Masaka eyaawamu naawangula.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/sebamala-eager-to-show-2021-win-was-not-a-fluke-5149428#story</ref><ref>https://www.facebook.com/NTVUganda/posts/incumbent-richard-ssebamala-has-been-declared-the-member-of-parliament-elect-for/1373184451518802/</ref> == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Sebamala mufumbo eri Joanitah Mbabazi era bombi balina abaana bataano.<ref>https://observer.ug/lifestyle-entertainment/richard-sebamala-accidental-politician-eyeing-global-clout/</ref> Mmemba w'ekibiina kya [[Ekibiina kya Democratic Party(Uganda)|Democratic Party ekya Uganda]] . <ref name="auto1">https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/constituencies/bukoto-central-116/</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Palamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] * Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumineemu * Okulonda kwa Uganda okwa bonna okwa 2021 == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa w'abweru wa Wikipedia. == * Ebikwata ku bulamu bwe * [https://twitter.com/RichardSebamala] * [[Richard Sebamala]]. * [https://www.linkedin.com/in/sebamala-richard-a5677310] {{DEFAULTSORT:Sebamala, Richard}} [[Category:Abaasomera ku yunivasite y'e Kyambogo]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Uganda Management Institute]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'e Masaka]] [[Category:Abaazalibwa mu 1979]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumineemu]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Kyambogo University]] a6xmefkfpil9dr7c56m5u4w5kzp9y0k Aminah Zawedde 0 12366 74197 72132 2026-09-09T13:55:47Z Lillylove256 10862 ntereezeza empandiika 74197 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Aminah Zawedde''', [[Munnayuganda]] omukugu mu kukozesa kkompyuta, omusomesa ku matendekero aga waggulu era omukulembeze mu woofiisi za gavumenti, aweereza ng'omuwandiisi ow'enkalakkalira owa Minisitule ya Uganda eya tekinologiya w'eby'empuliziganya n'okuluŋŋamya eggwanga okuva nga 15 Omwezi Ogwomusanvu (Kasambula) 2021. Ekyo nga tekinnabaawo Zawedde yali musomesa era omunoonyereza mu bbanguliro ly'ebyuma bi kalimagezi (Computer), ne tekinologiya w'ebyempuliziganya (School of Computing and Information Technology) ku Ssetendekero y'e Makerere, Ssetendekero ya gavumenti esinga obukadde era esinga obunene mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]].<ref name="1R"/><ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=George Asiimwe |date=16 July 2021 |title=Meet The New ICT Ministry PS: Dr. Amina Zawedde |url=https://chimpreports.com/meet-the-new-ict-ministry-ps-dr-aminah-zawedde/ |access-date=30 July 2021 |website=ChimpReports}}</ref> == Obuvo bwe n'okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa mu ttundutundu lya Buganda ekya Uganda mu myaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma lw’okusomera mu masomero ga pulayimale ne siniya agoomukitundu, yaweebwa ekifo ku [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivaasite y’e Makerere]]. Yatikkirwa ddiguli esooka mu bibalo n'ebyefuna mu 2001. Kweyo yazzaako ddiguli eyookubiri mu nkola ennuŋŋamu era ezirimu tekinologiya eziteekateekebwa okukuŋŋanya, okulongoosa, okutereka n'okusaasaanya obubaka oba amawulire ( Information Systems ) era nayo okuva mu yunivaasite y’e Makerere.<ref name="1R"/><ref name="2R"/> Neera yasomera ku Yunivasite y'e Cape Town, n’atikkirwa ne dipuloma eddirira ku ddiguli esooka (Post graduate diploma ) mu tekinologiya w'ebyenjigiriza, mu 2014. Ddiguli ye eyokusatu PhD- (Doctor of Philosophy) yali mu kuzimba / okukola / oba okubaga ebiragiro ebiwa ebyuma bi kalimagezi / komupyuta eky'okukola (Software Engineering )gye yafuna okuva mu yunivasite y'e Eindhoven eya Tekinologiya (Eindhoven University of Technology), mu Budaaki, mu 2016.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Jonah Kirabo |date=15 July 2021 |title=Dr. Aminah Zawedde: Meet the new Permanent Secretary of Ministry of ICT and National Guidance |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2021/07/16/dr-aminah-zawedde-meet-the-new-permanent-secretary-of-ministry-of-ict-and-national-guidance/ |access-date=30 July 2021 |website=Nile Post Uganda}}</ref><ref name="2R"/> == Emirimu gye == Zawedde abadde musomesa era omunoonyereza ku bbanguliro ly'ebyuma bi kalimagezi ne tekinologiya w'ebyempuliziganya e Makerere emyaka egisoba mu kkumi n'etaano. Emyaka etaano egyasooka, yali musomesa omuyambi. Okutandika n'omwezi Ogwoluberyeberye 2011, okutuuka mu mwezi Ogwomusanvu 2021, yali omusomesa ow’enkalakkalira alondoola abayizi abasoma ddiguli esooka n’eddiguli eziddirira esooka ku bbanguliro.<ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Aminah Zawedde |date=30 July 2021 |title=Profile of Dr. Aminah Zawedde |url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/aminah-zawedde-phd-cisa%C2%AE-79713815/?originalSubdomain=ug |access-date=30 July 2021 |website=[[LinkedIn.com]]}}</ref> Mu kiseera ekyo, yakola era naweereza nga tasasulwa mu bifo eby’enjawulo eby'okusomesa n’ebitali bya kusomesa, omuli; Omukozi akunŋŋaanya ebikwata ku bantu n'ebitundu (Data officer ) mu [[Akakiiko Akavunaanyizibwa ku By'okulonda mu Uganda|kakiiko k’ebyokulonda mu Uganda]], ng'omuyizi asoma tekinologiya w'obubaka /ebyempuliziganya (IT) agezesebwa mu [[Uganda Revenue Authority|kitongole kya Uganda ekikunganya omusolo]], ng'eyebuuzibwako ku tekinologiya w'obubaka / ebyempuliziganya mu kitongole ekirwanyisa endwadde ezisiigibwa (Infectious Diseases Institute ) era ng'omusomesa omutambuze ng'asomesa ku yunivasite ya KCA mu Nairobi, [[Kenya]].<ref name="3R"/> Nga 15 Ogwomusanvu 2021, pulezidenti [[Yoweri Museveni]] yakola enkyukakyuka ez'omuggundu ezaakosa minisitule za kabineeti eziwerako omuli n’okuwummula kw’abawandiisi ab’enkalakkalira musanvu. Ng’ekitundu ku nkyukakyuka ezo, Zawedde yaweebwa ogw'obuwandiisi obw'enkalakkalira obwa minisitule ya tekinologiya, empuliziganya n'okuluŋŋamya eggwanga (ICT) n’adda mu bigere bya ''Vincent Waiswa Bagiire'' eyatwalibwa mu [[Minisitule Evunaanyizibwa Kunsonga z'Ebweru w'Eggwanga lya Uganda|minisitule y’ensonga z’ebweru]].<ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Nathan Ernest Olupot |date=16 July 2021 |title=Dr. Aminah Zawedde Appointed as the new PS of Ministry of ICT |url=https://pctechmag.com/2021/07/dr-aminah-zawedde-new-ps-of-ministry-of-ict/ |access-date=30 July 2021 |website=PC Tech Magazine}}</ref> == Ebirala by’olina okulowoozaako == Zawedde awandiise oba yeegasse n'abawandiisi abalala okuwandiika ebiwandiiko ebikebeddwa era ne byekenneenyezebwa abakugu, mu bisaawe omuli obukugu bwe era n'agabana ebimu ku byo mu nkiiko z'ebitundu n'ez'eggwanga ezikuŋŋaanya abayizi, abayivu n'abakugu.<ref name="5R">{{Cite web |date=30 July 2021 |title=Partial List of Articles Authored By Aminah Zawedde, PhD |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=WpnwyhkAAAAJ&hl=en |access-date=30 July 2021 |website=Scholar.Google.com}}</ref> Akola nga omukulu atali ku lukiiko lw'abakulu abaddukanya emirimu, aba [[Kkampuni ya DFCU|kkampuni ya DFCU Group]], kkampuni eyazaala [[DFCU Bank]] n'ekitongole ky'eggwanga Uganda eky'obubaka ne tekinologiya ki (NITA-U).<ref name="6R">{{Cite web |last=Simon Abaho |date=16 July 2021 |title=Who Is Dr. Aminah Zawedde, The New Permanent Secretary Of ICT |url=https://www.exposeduganda.com/who-is-dr-aminah-zawedde-the-new-permanent-secretary-of-ict/ |access-date=30 July 2021 |website=ExposedUganda.com |archive-date=30 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730093821/https://www.exposeduganda.com/who-is-dr-aminah-zawedde-the-new-permanent-secretary-of-ict/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Geraldine Ssali Busuulwa|Omuyimbi Geraldine Ssali Busuulwa]] * Olukalala lwa minisitule za gavumenti ya Uganda == Ebijuliziddwa == # {{cite web |author=Jonah Kirabo |date=15 July 2021 |title=Dr. Aminah Zawedde: Meet the new Permanent Secretary of Ministry of ICT and National Guidance |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2021/07/16/dr-aminah-zawedde-meet-the-new-permanent-secretary-of-ministry-of-ict-and-national-guidance/ |access-date=30 July 2021 |work=Nile Post Uganda |location=Kampala, Uganda}} # {{cite web |author=George Asiimwe |date=16 July 2021 |title=Meet The New ICT Ministry PS: Dr. Amina Zawedde |url=https://chimpreports.com/meet-the-new-ict-ministry-ps-dr-aminah-zawedde/ |access-date=30 July 2021 |work=ChimpReports |location=Kampala, Uganda}} # {{cite web |author=Aminah Zawedde |date=30 July 2021 |title=Profile of Dr. Aminah Zawedde |url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/aminah-zawedde-phd-cisa%C2%AE-79713815/?originalSubdomain=ug |access-date=30 July 2021 |work=[[LinkedIn.com]]}} # {{cite web |author=Nathan Ernest Olupot |date=16 July 2021 |title=Dr. Aminah Zawedde Appointed as the new PS of Ministry of ICT |url=https://pctechmag.com/2021/07/dr-aminah-zawedde-new-ps-of-ministry-of-ict/ |access-date=30 July 2021 |work=PC Tech Magazine |location=Kampala, Uganda}} # {{cite web |date=30 July 2021 |title=Partial List of Articles Authored By Aminah Zawedde, PhD |url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=WpnwyhkAAAAJ&hl=en |access-date=30 July 2021 |work=Scholar.Google.com}} # {{cite web |author=Simon Abaho |date=16 July 2021 |title=Who Is Dr. Aminah Zawedde, The New Permanent Secretary Of ICT |url=https://www.exposeduganda.com/who-is-dr-aminah-zawedde-the-new-permanent-secretary-of-ict/ |access-date=30 July 2021 |work=ExposedUganda.com |location=Kampala, Uganda |archive-date=30 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730093821/https://www.exposeduganda.com/who-is-dr-aminah-zawedde-the-new-permanent-secretary-of-ict/ |url-status=dead }} == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Bannayuganda abasomesa]] [[Category:Abasomesa]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Makerere University]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda]] [[Category:Buganda]] <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20211129140254/https://nita.go.ug/people/dr-amina-zawedde Dr. Aminah Zawedde: Munnakibiina kya NITA Uganda] * [https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2021/07/breaking-museveni-names-new-permanent-secretaries.html Breaking: Museveni alonze abawandiisi ab'enkalakkalira abapya] Okuva nga 15 July 2021. 6kpu17pwkmt9ij8g7dpjxod4zhfr4yw Riazat Ali Shah 0 12417 74394 72654 2026-09-10T06:35:58Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 74394 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Riazat Ali Shah''' (yazaalibwa 20 mu gw'okubiri 1998) [[:en:Cricket|muzannyi wa cricket]] Munnauganda enzaalwa ye Pakistan era nga azannyira [[:en:Uganda_national_cricket_team|ttiimu y'eggwanga lya Uganda cricket]] okuva mu 2018.<ref name="Bio">{{Cite web |title=Riazat Ali Shah |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1129565.html |access-date=5 May 2018 |website=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref><ref name="Bio2">{{Cite web |title=Uganda makes changes to team for Cricket Builds Hope tournament |url=https://www.kawowo.com/2017/10/19/uganda-makes-changes-to-team-featuring-in-the-cricket-builds-hope-tournament/ |access-date=5 May 2018 |website=Kawowo Sports}}</ref> Muzannyi wa buli kimu ng'akuba n'omukono ogwa ddyo era akuba emisinde egy'omukono ogwa ddyo mu sipiidi ya wakati. == Obuvo bwe == Shah yazaalibwa nga 20 mu gw'okubiri 1998 mu [[:en:Gilgit|kibuga Gilgit]], Pakistan, mutabani wa Meher Nigah ne Hidayat Shah.<ref name="bagaya">{{cite news|url=http://www.ugandacricket.com/index.php/writers/481-the-rise-of-riazatali-shah-from-gilgit-to-new-sensation-of-associate-cricket|title=The Rise of Riazat Ali Shah|publisher=Uganda Cricket|first=Alvin|last=Bagaya|date=19 July 2018|accessdate=11 July 2022|archive-date=29 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231129175317/http://www.ugandacricket.com/index.php/writers/481-the-rise-of-riazatali-shah-from-gilgit-to-new-sensation-of-associate-cricket|url-status=dead}}</ref> Musiraamu [[:en:Isma'ilism|wa Isma’ili]].<ref name="ismaili">{{cite news|url=https://the.ismaili/riazat-ali-shah-our-ugandan-national-cricketer|title=Riazat Ali Shah - Our Ugandan National Cricketer|publisher=The Ismaili|date=19 June 2018|accessdate=11 July 2022}}</ref> Yazannya cricket ku mutendera gw'abali wansi w'emyaka 19 mu [[:en:Gilgit-Baltistan|Gilgit-Baltistan]] ne [[:en:Islamabad|Islamabad]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.pcb.com.pk/player-detail.php?action=view_profile&player_id=42173&pg=651&ipp=50&player_name=&father_name=&district=&region=&school=&address=&club=|title=Riazat Ali Shah|publisher=Pakistan Cricket Board|accessdate=11 July 2022}}</ref> == Omulimu gwe mu nsi yonna == Shah yagenda mu Uganda ku myaka 16,<ref name="bagaya" /> gye yatandikira okuzannyira ttiimu ya Aziz Damani Sports Club mu [[Kampala]]. Mu gwokunna 2018, yalondebwa mu ttiimu ya Uganda mu mpaka za [[:en:2018_ICC_World_Cricket_League_Division_Four|ICC World Cricket League Division Four eza 2018]] e Malaysia.<ref name="WCL-Div4">{{Cite web |date=20 April 2018 |title=Karashani has faith in Malaysian charge |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Sports/Cricket/Karashani---faith--Malaysian-charge/690272-4489986-1qf44lz/index.html |access-date=20 April 2018 |website=Daily Monitor}}</ref> Yazannya mu mupiira gwa Uganda ogwaggulawo empaka zino, ne [[:en:Malaysia_national_cricket_team|Malaysia]].<ref name="MasUga">{{Cite web |title=1st match, ICC World Cricket League Division Four at Kuala Lumpur, Apr 29 2018 |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1144321.html |access-date=5 May 2018 |website=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> Mu mu ogwomusanvu 2018, yali mu ttiimu ya Uganda mu kibinja kya Eastern sub-region mu mpaka za [[:en:2018–19_ICC_World_Twenty20_Africa_Qualifier|ICC World Twenty20 Africa Qualifier eza 2018–19]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uganda Squad: Players |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/squad/1151334.html |access-date=9 July 2018 |website=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> Yalondebwa ng'omuzannyi w'empaka zino mu kibinja ky'Ebuvanjuba.<ref name="RAS">{{Cite web |title=Rwanda sets the standard for Africa in World T20 Qualifiers |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/786315 |access-date=16 July 2018 |website=International Cricket Council}}</ref> Mu gwomwenda wa 2018, yalondebwa mu ttiimu ya Uganda mu mpaka za [[:en:2018_Africa_T20_Cup|Africa T20 Cup eza 2018]].<ref name="AT20C">{{Cite web |title=Uganda Cricket names Africa T20 squad |url=https://www.kawowo.com/2018/09/05/uganda-cricket-names-africa-t20-squad/ |access-date=5 September 2018 |website=Kawowo Sports}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Team Uganda preview |url=http://cricket.co.za/news/26003/Team-Uganda-preview |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913223454/http://cricket.co.za/news/26003/Team-Uganda-preview |archive-date=13 September 2018 |access-date=13 September 2018 |website=Cricket South Africa}}</ref> Yasooka kuzannya mupiira gwa [[:en:Twenty20|Twenty20]] mu Uganda mu mpaka za Africa T20 Cup eza 2018<ref name="T20">{{Cite web |title=Pool A, Africa T20 Cup at Pietermaritzburg, Sep 14 2018 |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1157397.html |access-date=14 September 2018 |website=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref>​ Omwezi ogwaddako, yalondebwa mu ttiimu ya Uganda mu mpaka za [[:en:2018_ICC_World_Cricket_League_Division_Three|ICC World Cricket League Division Three]] eza 2018 e Oman<ref>{{Cite web |title=Otwani gets nod ahead of Achelam on final 14 for Division 3 Qualifiers |url=https://www.kawowo.com/2018/10/18/otwani-gets-nod-ahead-of-achelam-on-final-14-for-division-3-qualifiers/ |access-date=19 October 2018 |website=Kawowo}}</ref> Yali muzannyi wa Uganda eyakulembera wamu okukuba wicket mu mpaka zino, nga yagoba mukaaga mu mipiira etaano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ICC World Cricket League Division Three, 2018/19 - Uganda: Batting and bowling averages |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/averages/batting_bowling_by_team.html?id=12716;team=34;type=tournament |access-date=19 November 2018 |website=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> Mu gwokutaano 2019, Shah yalondebwa ku ttiimu ya Uganda eya [[:en:2018–19_ICC_T20_World_Cup_Africa_Qualifier#Regional_Finals|Regional Finals]] mu mpaka za [[:en:2018–19_ICC_T20_World_Cup_Africa_Qualifier|ICC T20 World Cup Africa Qualifier eza 2018–19]] mu Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uganda Cricket names squad for Africa T20 World Cup Qualifiers |url=https://eagle.co.ug/2019/05/06/uganda-cricket-names-squad-for-africa-t20-world-cup-qualifiers.html |access-date=6 May 2019 |website=Eagle Online |archive-date=6 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506150811/https://eagle.co.ug/2019/05/06/uganda-cricket-names-squad-for-africa-t20-world-cup-qualifiers.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=African men in Uganda for T20 showdown |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/1222616 |access-date=18 May 2019 |website=International Cricket Council}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Arinaitwe named in Cricket Cranes squad for Africa T20 World Cup Qualifiers |url=https://www.kawowo.com/2019/05/06/arinaitwe-named-in-cricket-cranes-squad-for-africa-t20-world-cup-qualifiers/ |access-date=6 May 2019 |website=Kawowo Sports}}</ref> Yasooka kuzannya mupiira gwa [[:en:Twenty20_International|Twenty20 Internationa]]<nowiki/>l (T20I) ne [[:en:Botswana_national_cricket_team|Botswana]] nga 20 mu gwokutaano 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=6th Match, ICC Men's T20 World Cup Africa Region Final at Kampala, May 20 2019 |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1184260.html |access-date=20 May 2019 |website=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> Yamaliriza ng’omuteebi asinga okuteeba emipiira mu Regional finals, n’obubonero 140 mu mipiira ena.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ICC Men's T20 World Cup Africa Region Final, 2019: Most runs |url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/batting/most_runs_career.html?id=13032;type=tournament |access-date=24 May 2019 |website=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> Mu gw'omusanvu 2019, y’omu ku bazannyi abiri mu bataano abaloddebwa mu ttiimu ya Uganda ey’okutendekebwa, nga beetegekera emipiira [[:en:2019_Hong_Kong_Cricket_World_Cup_Challenge_League_B|gya Cricket World Cup Challenge League]] e Oman.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Paternott Called To Cricket Cranes Squad For World Challenge League |url=http://cricketuganda.world/index.php/8-news/747-uk-based-lloyd-pattenot-called-to-cricket-cranes-squad-for-world-challenge-league |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723100829/http://cricketuganda.world/index.php/8-news/747-uk-based-lloyd-pattenot-called-to-cricket-cranes-squad-for-world-challenge-league |archive-date=23 July 2019 |access-date=23 July 2019 |website=Cricket Uganda}}</ref> Mu ogwekuumi n'ogumu 2019, yalondebwa mu ttiimu ya Uganda mu mpaka [[:en:2019_Oman_Cricket_World_Cup_Challenge_League_B|za Cricket World Cup Challenge League B]] ezaali e Oman.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brian Masaba To Lead Cricket Cranes, Hamu Kayondo Misses Out On Final 14 |url=http://www.cricketuganda.world/index.php/8-news/769-brian-masaba-to-lead-cricket-cranes-hamu-kayondo-misses-out-on-final-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226173352/http://www.cricketuganda.world/index.php/8-news/769-brian-masaba-to-lead-cricket-cranes-hamu-kayondo-misses-out-on-final-14 |archive-date=26 December 2019 |access-date=23 November 2019 |website=Cricket Uganda}}</ref> Yasooka kuzannya [[:en:List_A_cricket|List A]], ku lwa Uganda ne [[:en:Jersey_cricket_team|Jersey]], nga 2 mu gwekuumi n'ebiri 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1st Match, CWC Challenge League Group B at Al Amerat, Dec 2 2019 |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1207061.html |access-date=2 December 2019 |website=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> Mu gwokuuni n'ogumu 2021, yalondebwa mu ttiimu ya Uganda eya Regional Final mu mpaka za [[:en:2021_ICC_Men's_T20_World_Cup_Africa_Qualifier|ICC Men's T20 World Cup Africa Qualifier eza 2021]] e Rwanda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brian Masaba to lead Cricket Cranes In Kigali |url=https://kawowo.com/2021/11/12/brian-masaba-to-lead-cricket-cranes-in-kigali/ |access-date=12 November 2021 |website=Kawowo}}</ref> Mu gwokutaano 2022, yalondebwa mu ttiimu ya Uganda mu mpaka za [[:en:2022_Uganda_Cricket_World_Cup_Challenge_League_B|Uganda Cricket World Cup Challenge League B eza 2022]].<ref>{{cite tweet|user=CricketUganda|number=1526867033534697474|date=18 May 2022|title=Our final 14 for the ICC Cricket Challenge League Tournament.}}</ref> Mu gwokutaano 2024, yalondebwa mu ttiimu ya Uganda mu mpaka za [[:en:2024_ICC_Men's_T20_World_Cup|ICC Men's T20 World Cup eza 2024]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uganda’s 15-Player Squad for ICC T20 World Cup 2024 |url=https://www.scorewaves.com/news-details/uganda-squad-for-t20-world-cup |access-date=2024-06-12 |website=ScoreWaves |language=en}}</ref> == Ebijjuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wa bweru wa Wikipedia == * Riazat Ali Shah at ESPNcricinfo [[Category:Omupiira mu Uganda]] hogpc9v2xa58g4ff0m01czifqhkmhk1 Xylophone 0 12601 74209 72160 2026-09-09T15:43:36Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 coverted reference 74209 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Xylophone.jpg|right|thumb|Amadinda oba xylophone wamu n'obugakuba obw'enjawulo]]   <big>'''Amadinda oba Xylophone mu Lungereza''' ( mu lulimi Olu Greek olw’edda ξύλον <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist</ref> <ref>https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1</ref> lit. ' <span class="gloss-text">eddoboozi ly'obubaawo</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> ) kino [[:en:Musical_instrument|kivuga]] ekigwa mu ttuluba ly'ebivuga ebikolebwa mu emiti nga bikubibwa [[:en:Percussion_mallet|obuti]] okuvaamu amaloboozi. Buli kabaawo kaba [[:en:Idiophone|ddinda ly'anjawulo]] erikolebwa okusobola okuvaamu [[:en:Musical_scale|eddoboozi ery'enjawulo]] omuli erya [[:en:Pentatonic_scale|pentatonic]] oba [[:en:Heptatonic_scale|heptatonic]] mu mbeera y’ebivuga bingi eby’Afirica ne Asia, [[:en:Diatonic_scale|diatonic]] mu bivuga bingi eby’abaana ab’amawanga g’omubugwanjuba, oba [[:en:Chromatic_scale|chromatic]] okukozesebwa mu kibiina ky’abayimbi.</big> <big>Erinnya amadinda liyinza okukozesebwa okutwalira awamu, okuzingiramu ebivuga byonna ng’ebyo okugeza nga [[:en:Marimba|marimba]], [[:en:Balafon|balafon]] kwossa ne [[:en:Semantron|semantron]] . Naye mu [[:en:Orchestra|kibiina ky’abayimbi]], ekigambo madinda kitegeeza nnyo ekivuga ekivaamu eddoboozi ery'awaggulu erisingako katono ku buwanvu era nga gaba gakoleddwa [[:en:Timbre|embaawo]] enkalu okusinga [[:en:Marimba|marimba]], era ebivuga bino ebibiri tebisaanidde kutabulwa. Omuntu akuba amadinda amanyiddwa nga ''xylophonist'' oba mu njogera ennyamgu ayitibwa ''mukubi w'amadinda''. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Xylophonist {{!}} Definition of Xylophonist by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Xylophonist |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-date=2020-12-07 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Lexico Dictionaries {{!}} English |language=en}}</ref></big> <big>Erinnya lino era likozesebwa nnyo okutegeeza ebivuga ebifaanagana eby’ekika kya [[:en:Lithophone|lithophone]] ne [[:en:Metallophone|metallophone]] . Okugeza, [[:en:Pixiphone|Pixiphone]] n’eby’okuzannyisa bingi ebifaananako bwe bityo ababikola bye baayogerako nga amadinda agalina ebyuma mu kifo ky'embaawo, era bwe kityo mu [[:en:Organology|lulimi lw'ebivuga]] bitwalibwa nga [[:en:Glockenspiel|glockenspiels]] mu kifo ky'amadinda.</big> == <big>Enzimba yaago</big> == <big>Amadinda ag'omulembe mu mawanga g'omu bugwanjuba galina embaawo eziva mu miti gya [[:en:Rosewood|rosewood]], [[:en:Padauk|padauk]], [[:en:Cocobolo|cocobolo]], oba ebintu eby’enjawulo ebikoleddwa nga [[:en:Fiberglass|fiberglass]] oba [[:en:Fibre-reinforced_plastic|fiberglass-reinforced plastic]] ebisobozesa eddoboozi okuba ery’amaanyi. <ref name="made">{{Cite web |title=How xylophone is made - manufacture, making, history, used, parts, composition, steps, History, Raw Materials |url=https://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.madehow.com}}</ref> Agamu gasobola okusaasanya amalobozi ku bugazi bwa 21/2 ag'omu bivvuliu go gagenda okutuuka bugazi bwa 31/2 oba 4. Okufaananako ne glockenspiel, amadinda [[:en:Transposing_instrument|kivuga ekiyimusa amaloboozi]]: ebitundu byakyo biwandiikibwa octave emu wansi w’ennukuta eziwulikika.<ref>https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?from=en&to=lg&targettitle=Amadinda&page=Xylophone#:~:text=View-,Cook%2C%20Gary%20D.%20(1997).%20Teaching%20Percussion%20(Second%C2%A0ed.).%20Belmont%2C%20California%3A%20Schirmer%20Books%2C%20Wadsworth/Thomson%20Learning.,-Issues</ref></big> <big>Amadinga g'oku bivvulu galina [[:en:Resonators|obuuma obwongera ku maloboozi]] agavaamu wansi w’embaawo okutumbula obuwanvu bw'eddoboozi n’okulikuuma. Fuleemu zikolebwa mu mbaawo oba obuuma obutali bwa bbeeyi nnene: amadinga ag'ebbeeyi gaba m'ongeremu mu buwanvu era gaba g'ongeddwamu obunywevu ku ttaka. Mu nkola z'abayimbi endala bakozesa [[:en:Gourd|nsaasi]] <ref name="made2">http://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html</ref> nga zeezikola mu kuyamba [[:en:Helmholtz_resonator|okwongera eddoboozi]]. Amadinga amalala gaba ga kika kya "trough" nga gaba ne'kituli kimu ekikola ku kwongeza amaloboozi eri obuuma bwonna. <ref name=":0">https://web.archive.org/web/20120808061925/http://www.vsl.co.at/en/70/3196/3204/3205/5729.vsl</ref> Enkola enkadde zaalimu okusengeka embaawo wamu ku , era, n’okutuusa kati kikolebwa n’okutuusa kati, okuteeka embaawo nga ziriraanaganye mu nsengeka eringa ey'amadaala. Obuti obugakuba edda bw'akolebwanga Ensigo ez’edda zaakolebwanga mu mbaawo z’omuti gwa willow nga ku nkomerero zazo kuliko ebibya ebiringa ekijiiko. <ref name="made2" /></big> '''<big>Obuti obukuba amadinda</big>''' <big>Amadinda galina okukubwa n'obuti bwa labba, polyball oba acrylic. Oluusi obuti bwa labba ali wakatikkati n'omugumu ennyo oba obw’obuwuzi bwe bikozesebwa okukola amaloboozi amagonvu. Amaloboozi amagonvu gasobola okukolebwa ku madinda nga bakozesa obuti obuliko emitwe egy’embaawo ezikoleddwa mu muti gwa rosewood, ebony, birch oba emiti emirala emigumu.</big> '''<big>Ebyafaayo by'ago</big>''' <big>Ekivuga kino kirina ensibuko y’edda etamanyiddwa. Nettl yagamba nti yasibuka mu bukiikaddyo bw’obuvanjuba bwa Asia n’ejja mu Afrika c. AD 500 ekibinja ky’abantu aboogera Oluaustronesia bwe baasenguka ne bagenda mu Afirica, ne bageraageranya ebibiina by’abakubi b'amadinda ab’omu Buvanjuba bwa Africa n’ebibiina by’abazannyi baago mu aba gamelan ab'e Javanese ne Balinese. <ref name="Nettl MPC">https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/page/176/</ref> : 1 . 18–19, 19 . 100 Endowooza eno yasoomoozebwa omukugu mu nnyimba z’amawanga era omukugu mu nnimi Roger Blench, nga agamba nti ensibuko eyetongodde ey'amadinda eri mu Africa, ng’awa, mu bujulizi obw’okuyiiya mu kitundu, ebifaananyi eby’enjawulo eby'amadinda ga Afirica n’ebika by'amadinda eby’enjawulo ennyo n’ebivuga ebiringa amadinda mu Afirica. <ref>http://orgs.usd.edu/nmm/Africa/SubSaharanAfrica.html</ref></big> '''<big>Amadinda g'omu Asia</big>''' <big>Obujulizi obwasooka ku madinda nti amatuufu gava mu kyasa eky’omwenda mu [[:en:Southeast_Asia|bukiikaddyo bw’obuvanjuba bwa Asia]], ate ekivuga eky’embaawo ekiwaniriddwa ekifaananako bwe kityo, ekika kya [[:en:Panharmonicon|harmonicon]], kigambibwa nti Vienna Symphonic Library yaliwo mu 2000 BC mu kitundu kati ekitundu ku nsi ya China. [[:en:Ranat_(musical_instrument)|Ekivuga]] ekiringa amadinda kyakozesebwa mu bitundu [[:en:Hindu|by’Abahindu]] (kashta tharang). Mu [[:en:Indonesia|Indonesia]], ebitundu bitono ebirina ekika kyabyo eky'amadinda. Mu [[:en:North_Sumatra|North Sumatra]], [[:en:Toba_Batak_people|Abantu b'e Toba Batak]] bakozesa amadinda ag'embaawo agamanyiddwa nga [[:en:Garantung|Garantung]] (ekiwandiikibwa nga: "garattung"). [[:en:Java|Java]] ne [[:en:Bali|Bali]] bakozesa amadinda (agayitibwa [[:en:Gambang_(instrument)|gambang]], [[:en:Rindik|Rindik]] ne [[:en:Tingklik|Tingklik]] ) mu nsengeka [[:en:Gamelan|za gamelan]] . gakyalina amakulu ag’ennono mu [[:en:Malaysia|Malaysia]], [[:en:Melanesia|Melanesia]], Indonesia, [[:en:Thailand|Thailand]], [[:en:Myanmar|Myanmar]], n’ebitundu by’America. Mu Myanmar, amadinda gamanyiddwa nga [[:en:Pattala|Pattala]] era mu bujjuvu ekolebwa mu mmuli.</big> '''<big>Amadinda ga Africa</big>''' Erinnya ''marimba'' era likozesebwa ku bivuga by'ennono eby'enjawulo nga ''[[:en:Balafon|balafon]]'' y'omu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa. Fbika ebyasooka by'akolebwanga nga birina obubaawo wamu n'[[:en:Gourd|ensaasi]]. <ref name=":0" /> Olubaawo lw'asookanga kw'okyebwako ku muliro eky'ayambanga okuluwa eddoboozi lye baabanga baagala. Akoongeza ekisumuluzo kaakolebwangako okuwa ekisumuluzo nga bayita mu kulonda n’obwegendereza sayizi yaako, okukyusakyusa obugazi bw'akamwa kaako nga bakozesa wasp wax n’okutereeza obuwanvu bw’ekisumuluzo okusukkako ku kongeza ekisumuluzo. Omukozi omukugu asobola okukola nga amaloboozi mawanvu mu ngeri eyeewuunyisa. Obuti obukozesebwa okukuba ebika bya ''dibinda'' ne ''mbila'' bulina emitwe egyakolebwa mu labba aggyiddwa mu kimera ekiranda eky'omu nsiko. <ref name="answers1">http://www.answers.com/topic/music-of-mozambique</ref> endongo "ekwatagana " oba ekyukakyuka eri mu nvuga y'amadinda g'Obuvanjuba bwa Africa okugeza nga eya Makonde ''dimbila'', Yao ''mangolongondo'' oba Shirima ''mangwilo'' nga mu kino ''opachera'', eyasookanga [[:en:Call_and_response_(music)|okuyita]], yaddibwangamu omukubi omulala ayitibwa ''wakulela'' . <ref>https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1</ref> Kino kitera okukubisaamu emirundi ebiri omuli okuba [[:en:Pulse_(music)|rhythmic pulse]] ogw’amangu edda oguyinza n’okubeera awamu [[:en:Cross-beat|ne counter rhythm]] . '''Mbila''' Mbila (mu bungi "timbila") kika ekikwatagana n'abantu [[:en:Chopi_people|b'e Chopi]] ab'omu [[:en:Inhambane_Province|ssaza ly'e Inhambane]], mu bukiikaddyo bwa Mozambique. <ref name="answers12">http://www.answers.com/topic/music-of-mozambique</ref> Tekirina kutabulwa na [[:en:Mbira|mbira]] . [[:en:Musical_genre|Omusono]] gw’onvuga yaago n'ennyimba eziyimbirwako kigireetera okuba nga y'enkola esinga okuba enzibu oba eyeekikugu kyokka nga esanngibwa mu bantu abatali baayivu bulungi. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist</ref> Amadinda gano ag'e [[:en:Mozambique|Mozambique]]<nowiki/>gakubibwa mu bibinja ebinene ku mazina amayiiye obulungi, oba oly'awo nga galaga emizannyo egikwata ku byafaayo. Ebibinja by'abazinnyi bibaamu amadinda agawera nga kkumi ag'obunene obwa sayizi ssatu oba nnya. Ekibiina ky’abayimbi ekijjuvu kiyinza okuba n'ebivuga bibiri ebya bass ebiyitibwa gulu nga biriko ebisumuluzo by’embaawo bisatu oba bina ebikubibwa nga bayimiridde nga bakozesa obuti obukuba obuzito obuliko emitwe gya labba emigumu, tenor dibinda ssatu, nga biriko ebisumuluzo kkumi era nga bikubibwa nga batudde, ne mbila yennyini, erimu ebisumuluzo ebituuka ku kkumi na mwenda nga ku bino okutuuka ku munaana biyinza okukubibwa omulundi gumu. Gulu ekozesa ensaasi, ate mbila ne dibinda Masala bakozesa bisusunku by’amakovu amatono nga ebyongeza ku maloboozi. Ziwerekera amazina n’ennyimba z'ennono empanvu ebiyitibwa ngomi oba mgodo era nga zirimu ebitundu by’ennyimba nga kkumi nga ziteereddwa mu bibinja 4 ez’enjawulo, nga biriko ‘oluyimba oba omuzannyo oba amazina agaggulawo’, mu [[:en:Tempo|kudduka kw'ebivuga bino]] n’emisono egy’enjawulo. Omukulembeze w’ekibiina aweereza ng’omutontomi, omuyimbi, ayimbisa banne [[:en:Performer|n’omuzannyi]], ng’akola ekiwandiiko, ayiiya [[:en:Melody|oluyimba]] nga mu ngeri emu lwekuusa ku [[:en:Tone_language|mpulikika y'olulimi]] lw'aba Chopi n’okuyiiya layini eyookubiri [[:en:Counterpoint|ey’okugatta emidigido]]. Abayimbi b’ekibiina kino [[:en:Improvisation|bayiiya]] ekitundu ku bitundu byabwe. Olwo omuyimbi yeebuuza ku muyiiya w'amazina ow'omukolo ogwo era enkyukakyuka ne zikolebwa. <ref name="Nettl MPC2">https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/page/176/</ref> Ekisinga obuwanvu era ekisinga obukulu ku bino ye "Mzeno" eba egenda okubeeramu oluyimba olunyumya ku nsonga ey'omugaso mu kitundu oba n'okusaagira ku muntu omututumufu mu kitundu! <ref name="answers12" /> Abayimbi kuliko Eduardo Durão ne Venancio Mbande. <ref name="answers12" /> <ref>https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1</ref> <ref name=":02">https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?from=en&to=lg&targettitle=Amadinda&page=Xylophone#:~:text=View-,Romney%2C%20Jonathan%20(5%20March%201991).%20%22Timbila%20album%20review%22.%20Q%20Magazine.%2055%3A%2068.,-Issues</ref> '''<big>Gyil</big>''' Gyil (mu Lungereza: /ˈdʒɪlə, dʒiːl/) kye kika [[:en:Pentatonic|ekirina sayidi ettaano]] ky'ekivuga ekikozesebwa abantu aboogera olulimi lwa [[:en:Gur_languages|Gur]] mu [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]], [[:en:Burkina_Faso|Burkina Faso]], [[:en:Mali|Mali]] ne [[:en:Ivory_Coast|Ivory Coast]] mu [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]]. Gyil kye kivuga ekikulu eky'obuwangwa eky'abantu ba [[:en:Dagara_people|Dagara]]" ab'omu bukiikakkono bwa Ghana ne Burkina Faso, n'abantu [[:en:Lobi_people|Abalobi]] mu Ghana, abasangibwa mu bukiikaddyo bwa Burkina Faso, ne mu [[:en:Ivory_Coast|Ivory Coast]]. Ekivuga kino kikubibwa abatu babiribabiri, nga zigenda wamu n'ensaasi ezikolebwa mu ndeku nga ziyitibwa ''kuor''. Kisobola n'okukubibwa omuntu omu nga kugenderako engoma ekubibwa n'obuti, oba omuyimbi akulemberamu. Okukuba ekivuga kino nga kiri wamu n'ebyo kikubibwa nnyo mu nsonga z'ekinnansi mu nsonga z'okuziika mu bantu ba [[:en:Dagara_people|Dagara]]. Ekivuga kino kisinga kukubibwa basajja, nga bano bakiyiga bakyali bato, naye nga tekirina kukugira kwekuusa ku kikula. Enkola y'ekivuga kino efaananako n’eya ''Balaba'' oba [[:en:Balafon|Balafon]] ekikozesebwa abantu aboogera [[:en:Mande_languages|Olumande]] nga ba [[:en:Bambara_people|-Bambara]], [[:en:Dyula_people|Dyula]] n'aba [[:en:Sosso|Sosso]] mu bitundu eby'ewala mu Bugwanjuba mu bitundu by'Oukiikaddyo bwa [[:en:Mali|Mali]] n’obugwanjuba bwa [[:en:Burkina_Faso|Burkina Faso]], ekitundu ekirimu ennono nnyingi ez’ennyimba n’ez’omu bukiikakkono bwa Ivory Coast ne Ghana. Kikolebwa n’ebisumuluzo by’embaawo 14 eby’omuti omugumu ogw’omu Afirica oguyitibwa liga nga biteekebwa ku lubaawo nga wansi wabaayo [[:en:Calabash|ensaasi]] nga zirengejja. <ref name="Colter2008">{{Cite web |url=http://contexts.org/articles/winter-2008/harper/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-02-06 |archive-date=2008-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505053140/http://contexts.org/articles/winter-2008/harper/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ensaasi ziba n'obusaanikira obwa sirika nga bulinga ennyumba za nnabbubi obuyamba okuvaamu eddoboozo erisaala ne bakozesa eddiba ly'engabi okusiba okunyweza. <ref name="Colter2008" /> Ekivuga kino kikubiddwa n’obuti bw’embaawo obuliko emitwe gya labba. '''<big>Silimba</big>''' '''Silimba''' g'emadinda agakozesebwa ennyo mu bantu abayitibwa ab'aNkoya n'Abalozi ab'e [[:en:Barotseland|Barotseland]] mu bugwanjuba bwa [[:en:Zambia|Zambia]] . <ref name="ATracey History">https://web.archive.org/web/20170630191209/http://www.kalimba.co.za/old/marimbahistory.html</ref> Ebisumuluzo ebiteekeddwateekeddwa bisibibwa waggulu w'ensaasi ezivuga. <ref>http://www.zambiatourism.com/travel/hisgeopeop/people.htm</ref> Gano nga gamanyiddwa nga shinjimba mu ba Nkoya, nga gakubibwa ku Kazanga, omukolo gw’obwakabaka ogw’ennono ogw’Abankoya. Silimba kitundu kikulu nnyo mu nnono z’ennyimba z’obuwangwa ez’abantu [[:en:Lozi_people|b’e Lozi]] era osobola okugiwulira ku mukolo gw'abwe ogw’e [[:en:Kuomboka|Kuomboka]] ogutegekebwa buli mwaka. Silimba kati ekozesebwa mu bitundu bya Zambia ebisinga obungi. '''<big>Akadinda, amadinda ne mbaire</big>''' '''Akadinda,''' '''amadinda''' nga bwe gayitibwa mu luganda bivuga ebisibuka mu [[Buganda]], nga eyitibwa [[Yuganda|Uganda]] omulembe guno . <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist</ref> Amadinda gakolebwa galina emiti kkumineebiri nga gino gipangibwa ku kintu kya njuyi ttaano. Okusinga gakubibwa abantu basatu. Abakubi babiri batuula nga buli omu atunudde mu munne ne bakugakuba mu ngeri ekwatagana mu bwangu obwa waggulu. Tegaba na nsaasi oba ddoboozi lyonna lisaala, nga zino z'embeera ebbiri ez'amadinda mangi aga Afirica. <ref>https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1</ref> Amadinda kyali kivuga kikulu mu kkooti y’obwakabaka bwa Buganda, obwakabaka obusangibwa mu Uganda. Ekika [[:en:Musical_notation|ky’empulikika]] eky’enjawulo kati kikozesebwa ku madinda gano, nga kirimu ennamba n'ebiseera. <ref name="britannica1">http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/719112/African-music/57086/Interlocking#ref=ref519777</ref> nga bwe kiri ne ku madinda agayitibwa '''embaire''', nga kino kika ekisibuka mu bukiikaddyo bwa [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] . <ref name="britannica1" /> '''<big>Balo</big>''' '''''Balo''''' ( '''''balenjeh''''', '''''behlanjeh''''' ) kino kika ekikozesebwa mu [[:en:Mandinka_people|bantu b’e Mandinka]] mu bugwanjuba bwa Africa. Ebisumuluzo byakyo biteekebwa ku nsaasi, era kikubwa n'obuti nga bulina emitwe emikole mu labba. Abakubi bakyo batera okwambala mu ngalo obude obwekyuma ku mikono gyabwe busobole okuvaamu amaloboozi nga nwe bakuba. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070627205236/http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/1240</ref> '''<big>Amadinda G'abazungu</big>''' Amadinda okusooka okwogerwako mu Bulaaya kwali mu kitabo kya [[:en:Arnolt_Schlick|Arnolt Schlick]] ekya ''Spiegel der Orgelmacher und Organisten'' (1511), gye gyitibwa ''hültze glechter'' ("okuwuuma kw'embaawo"). <ref name="VSL">https://web.archive.org/web/20180430183151/https://www.vsl.co.at/en/Xylophone/History</ref> <ref name="Grove">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians</ref> Waliwo ennyinnyonnyola endala ezikwata ku kivuga kino, wadde ng'ekigambo "amadinda" tekyakozesebwa okutuuka mu myaka gya 1860. <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=7EYFAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA2-PA152</ref> Ekivuga kino kyali kikwatagana nnyo n'ennyimba z'ekinnansi ez'amasekkati ga Bulaaya, naddala mu Poland n'obuvanjuba bwa Bugirimaani. Ekika ekyasooka kyali mu [[:en:Slovakia|Slovakia]] <ref name="Nettl MPC3">https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/page/176/</ref> : 98. Ekivuga ekyali kisimbuddwa mu kkyo kyajjira mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070813000208/http://www.concertgoersguide.org/onstage/instruments/thexylophone.php</ref> Okusooka okukozesa amadinda mu kibiina ky'abayimbi n'abakubi b'ebivuga Abazungu kwali mu [[:en:Camille_Saint-Saëns|Camille Saint-Saëns]]’ ''[[:en:Danse_Macabre_(Saint-Saëns)|Danse Macabre]]'', mu 1874. <ref name="made3">http://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html</ref> Mu kiseera ekyo, ekivuga kino kyali ky'amanyizibwa dda [[:en:Josef_Gusikov|Michael Josef Gusikov]] okutuuka ku ddaala erimu, <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rainlore.demon.co.uk/Guzikow/GuzikowArchs.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-02-20 |archive-date=2006-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061230034331/http://www.rainlore.demon.co.uk/Guzikow/GuzikowArchs.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> nga ekivuga ekikye kyali ky'amadinda agaalina enkuubo ettaano agaakolebwa mu mbaawo 28 nga zisengekeddwa mu semitones mu ngeri ya trapezoid era nga zitudde ziwaniriddwa obuntu obulinda obuseke. Tewaaliwo byongera ku maloboozi era nga gakubibwa mangu n’obuti obwali bufaanana ng’ejiiko. Okusinziira ku mukugu mu by’ennyimba [[:en:Curt_Sachs|Curt Sachs]], Gusikov yayimbira mu bivvulu by’omu bifo awawummulirwa, mu ndaga ez’enjawulo, era ng’ekikolwa eky'enjawulo mu bivvulu eby'amaloboozi. Amadinda g'omu bazungu gaakozesebwanga bbandi za jjaazi ezaasooka, ne mu [[:en:Vaudeville|vaudeville]] . Eddoboozi ly'ago eriwulikika obulungi ly'akolanga bulungi mu nnyimba z’emyaka gya 1920 ne 1930. [[:en:Red_Norvo|Red Norvo]], George Cary, [[:en:George_Hamilton_Green|George Hamilton Green]], [[:en:Teddy_Brown|Teddy Brown]], Harry Breuer ne Harry Robbins be bamu ku bakubi baago abaali bamanyiddwa ennyo. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, wajjawo ekika ky'ekivuga ekyali ekiyitibwa metal-key [[:en:Vibraphone|vibraphone]], eky'agayitako mu kwatiikirira nga kino kyakolebwa mu myaka gya 1920. Ekika ky'amadinda oba xylophone gye gaagenda gakendeera gaafuuka marimba era ne gayitibwa [[:en:Xylorimba|xylorimba]] . Mu kugaba obubonero mu bivuga, xylophone esobola okwogerwako Abafalansa aba ''claquebois'', Abagirimaani aba ''Holzharmonika'' (mu bufunze "ekivuga eky'embaawo"), oba ''Silofono'' mu Yitale. <ref name="Grove2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Sadie</ref> [[:en:Dmitri_Shostakovich|Shostakovich]] yali ayagala nnyo ekivuga kino; kirina emirimu egy’amaanyi mu mirimu gye mingi, omuli n’ennyimba ze ezisinga obungi eza [[:en:Symphony|symphony]] ne [[:en:Cello_Concerto_No._2_(Shostakovich)|Cello Concerto No. 2]] ye. Xylophone era ekola kinene mu mazina ga [[:en:Aram_Khachaturian|Khachaturian]] aga [[:en:Sabre_Dance|Sabre Dance]] . Abazannyi ba xylophone ab’omulembe guno kuliko [[:en:Bob_Becker_(composer)|Bob Becker]], [[:en:Evelyn_Glennie|Evelyn Glennie]] ne Ian Finkel. Mu Amerika, waliyo bbandi za marimba ez’e Zimbabwe ezisinga obungi mu Pacific Northwest, Colorado, ne New Mexico, naye bbandi ziriyo okuva ku lubalama lw’ebugwanjuba okuyita mu California n’okutuuka e Hawaii ne Alaska. Omukolo omukulu mu ekitundu gwe gwa ZimFest, ekivvulu ky’ennyimba eky'abantu abava mu Zimbabwe ekitegekebwa buli mwaka. Bbandi zino zirina ebivuga okuva ku soprano eya waggulu, okutuuka ku soprano eya wansi, tenor, baritone ne bass. Eby'ongera ku maloboozi bitera okukolebwa nga birina obutuli obubikkiddwa ne cellophane omutono (efaananako ne [[:en:Balafon|balafon]] ) okusobola okutuuka ku ddoboozi erisaala. Amazina n'ennyimba n'ebiragibwa ebirala ebya bbandi za Amerika bitera okuba n’okukwatagana okunene, olw’okuba nga biva wa muntu omu omuyimbi Omuzimbabwe ayitibwa [[:en:Dumisani_Maraire|Dumisani Maraire]], eyali omuntu omukulu eyasooka okuleeta ennyimba ezo eza Zimbabwe mu mawanga g’Obugwanjuba, ng’ajja mu Yunivasite y’e Washington mu 1968. '''<big>Okukozesa kwago mu by’enjigiriza eby'awansi</big>''' [[Category:Buganda]] bft6rdh27dgwibgiwgdx86h4mmoemtd 74210 74209 2026-09-09T15:44:39Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 converted reference 74210 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Xylophone.jpg|right|thumb|Amadinda oba xylophone wamu n'obugakuba obw'enjawulo]]   <big>'''Amadinda oba Xylophone mu Lungereza''' ( mu lulimi Olu Greek olw’edda ξύλον <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist</ref> <ref>https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1</ref> lit. ' <span class="gloss-text">eddoboozi ly'obubaawo</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> ) kino [[:en:Musical_instrument|kivuga]] ekigwa mu ttuluba ly'ebivuga ebikolebwa mu emiti nga bikubibwa [[:en:Percussion_mallet|obuti]] okuvaamu amaloboozi. Buli kabaawo kaba [[:en:Idiophone|ddinda ly'anjawulo]] erikolebwa okusobola okuvaamu [[:en:Musical_scale|eddoboozi ery'enjawulo]] omuli erya [[:en:Pentatonic_scale|pentatonic]] oba [[:en:Heptatonic_scale|heptatonic]] mu mbeera y’ebivuga bingi eby’Afirica ne Asia, [[:en:Diatonic_scale|diatonic]] mu bivuga bingi eby’abaana ab’amawanga g’omubugwanjuba, oba [[:en:Chromatic_scale|chromatic]] okukozesebwa mu kibiina ky’abayimbi.</big> <big>Erinnya amadinda liyinza okukozesebwa okutwalira awamu, okuzingiramu ebivuga byonna ng’ebyo okugeza nga [[:en:Marimba|marimba]], [[:en:Balafon|balafon]] kwossa ne [[:en:Semantron|semantron]] . Naye mu [[:en:Orchestra|kibiina ky’abayimbi]], ekigambo madinda kitegeeza nnyo ekivuga ekivaamu eddoboozi ery'awaggulu erisingako katono ku buwanvu era nga gaba gakoleddwa [[:en:Timbre|embaawo]] enkalu okusinga [[:en:Marimba|marimba]], era ebivuga bino ebibiri tebisaanidde kutabulwa. Omuntu akuba amadinda amanyiddwa nga ''xylophonist'' oba mu njogera ennyamgu ayitibwa ''mukubi w'amadinda''. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Xylophonist {{!}} Definition of Xylophonist by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Xylophonist |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-date=2020-12-07 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Lexico Dictionaries {{!}} English |language=en}}</ref></big> <big>Erinnya lino era likozesebwa nnyo okutegeeza ebivuga ebifaanagana eby’ekika kya [[:en:Lithophone|lithophone]] ne [[:en:Metallophone|metallophone]] . Okugeza, [[:en:Pixiphone|Pixiphone]] n’eby’okuzannyisa bingi ebifaananako bwe bityo ababikola bye baayogerako nga amadinda agalina ebyuma mu kifo ky'embaawo, era bwe kityo mu [[:en:Organology|lulimi lw'ebivuga]] bitwalibwa nga [[:en:Glockenspiel|glockenspiels]] mu kifo ky'amadinda.</big> == <big>Enzimba yaago</big> == <big>Amadinda ag'omulembe mu mawanga g'omu bugwanjuba galina embaawo eziva mu miti gya [[:en:Rosewood|rosewood]], [[:en:Padauk|padauk]], [[:en:Cocobolo|cocobolo]], oba ebintu eby’enjawulo ebikoleddwa nga [[:en:Fiberglass|fiberglass]] oba [[:en:Fibre-reinforced_plastic|fiberglass-reinforced plastic]] ebisobozesa eddoboozi okuba ery’amaanyi. <ref name="made">{{Cite web |title=How xylophone is made - manufacture, making, history, used, parts, composition, steps, History, Raw Materials |url=https://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.madehow.com}}</ref> Agamu gasobola okusaasanya amalobozi ku bugazi bwa 21/2 ag'omu bivvuliu go gagenda okutuuka bugazi bwa 31/2 oba 4. Okufaananako ne glockenspiel, amadinda [[:en:Transposing_instrument|kivuga ekiyimusa amaloboozi]]: ebitundu byakyo biwandiikibwa octave emu wansi w’ennukuta eziwulikika.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Translate page - Wikipedia |url=https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?from=en&page=Xylophone&targettitle=Amadinda&to=lg |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=lg.wikipedia.org |language=lg}}</ref></big> <big>Amadinga g'oku bivvulu galina [[:en:Resonators|obuuma obwongera ku maloboozi]] agavaamu wansi w’embaawo okutumbula obuwanvu bw'eddoboozi n’okulikuuma. Fuleemu zikolebwa mu mbaawo oba obuuma obutali bwa bbeeyi nnene: amadinga ag'ebbeeyi gaba m'ongeremu mu buwanvu era gaba g'ongeddwamu obunywevu ku ttaka. Mu nkola z'abayimbi endala bakozesa [[:en:Gourd|nsaasi]] <ref name="made2">{{Cite web |title=How xylophone is made - manufacture, making, history, used, parts, composition, steps, History, Raw Materials |url=https://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.madehow.com}}</ref> nga zeezikola mu kuyamba [[:en:Helmholtz_resonator|okwongera eddoboozi]]. Amadinga amalala gaba ga kika kya "trough" nga gaba ne'kituli kimu ekikola ku kwongeza amaloboozi eri obuuma bwonna. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=VIENNA SYMPHONIC LIBRARY > VIENNA ACADEMY > Percussion > Mallets > Xylophone > HISTORY |url=http://www.vsl.co.at/en/70/3196/3204/3205/5729.vsl |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808061925/http://www.vsl.co.at/en/70/3196/3204/3205/5729.vsl |archive-date=2012-08-08 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.vsl.co.at}}</ref> Enkola enkadde zaalimu okusengeka embaawo wamu ku , era, n’okutuusa kati kikolebwa n’okutuusa kati, okuteeka embaawo nga ziriraanaganye mu nsengeka eringa ey'amadaala. Obuti obugakuba edda bw'akolebwanga Ensigo ez’edda zaakolebwanga mu mbaawo z’omuti gwa willow nga ku nkomerero zazo kuliko ebibya ebiringa ekijiiko. <ref name="made2" /></big> '''<big>Obuti obukuba amadinda</big>''' <big>Amadinda galina okukubwa n'obuti bwa labba, polyball oba acrylic. Oluusi obuti bwa labba ali wakatikkati n'omugumu ennyo oba obw’obuwuzi bwe bikozesebwa okukola amaloboozi amagonvu. Amaloboozi amagonvu gasobola okukolebwa ku madinda nga bakozesa obuti obuliko emitwe egy’embaawo ezikoleddwa mu muti gwa rosewood, ebony, birch oba emiti emirala emigumu.</big> '''<big>Ebyafaayo by'ago</big>''' <big>Ekivuga kino kirina ensibuko y’edda etamanyiddwa. Nettl yagamba nti yasibuka mu bukiikaddyo bw’obuvanjuba bwa Asia n’ejja mu Afrika c. AD 500 ekibinja ky’abantu aboogera Oluaustronesia bwe baasenguka ne bagenda mu Afirica, ne bageraageranya ebibiina by’abakubi b'amadinda ab’omu Buvanjuba bwa Africa n’ebibiina by’abazannyi baago mu aba gamelan ab'e Javanese ne Balinese. <ref name="Nettl MPC">https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/page/176/</ref> : 1 . 18–19, 19 . 100 Endowooza eno yasoomoozebwa omukugu mu nnyimba z’amawanga era omukugu mu nnimi Roger Blench, nga agamba nti ensibuko eyetongodde ey'amadinda eri mu Africa, ng’awa, mu bujulizi obw’okuyiiya mu kitundu, ebifaananyi eby’enjawulo eby'amadinda ga Afirica n’ebika by'amadinda eby’enjawulo ennyo n’ebivuga ebiringa amadinda mu Afirica. <ref>http://orgs.usd.edu/nmm/Africa/SubSaharanAfrica.html</ref></big> '''<big>Amadinda g'omu Asia</big>''' <big>Obujulizi obwasooka ku madinda nti amatuufu gava mu kyasa eky’omwenda mu [[:en:Southeast_Asia|bukiikaddyo bw’obuvanjuba bwa Asia]], ate ekivuga eky’embaawo ekiwaniriddwa ekifaananako bwe kityo, ekika kya [[:en:Panharmonicon|harmonicon]], kigambibwa nti Vienna Symphonic Library yaliwo mu 2000 BC mu kitundu kati ekitundu ku nsi ya China. [[:en:Ranat_(musical_instrument)|Ekivuga]] ekiringa amadinda kyakozesebwa mu bitundu [[:en:Hindu|by’Abahindu]] (kashta tharang). Mu [[:en:Indonesia|Indonesia]], ebitundu bitono ebirina ekika kyabyo eky'amadinda. Mu [[:en:North_Sumatra|North Sumatra]], [[:en:Toba_Batak_people|Abantu b'e Toba Batak]] bakozesa amadinda ag'embaawo agamanyiddwa nga [[:en:Garantung|Garantung]] (ekiwandiikibwa nga: "garattung"). [[:en:Java|Java]] ne [[:en:Bali|Bali]] bakozesa amadinda (agayitibwa [[:en:Gambang_(instrument)|gambang]], [[:en:Rindik|Rindik]] ne [[:en:Tingklik|Tingklik]] ) mu nsengeka [[:en:Gamelan|za gamelan]] . gakyalina amakulu ag’ennono mu [[:en:Malaysia|Malaysia]], [[:en:Melanesia|Melanesia]], Indonesia, [[:en:Thailand|Thailand]], [[:en:Myanmar|Myanmar]], n’ebitundu by’America. Mu Myanmar, amadinda gamanyiddwa nga [[:en:Pattala|Pattala]] era mu bujjuvu ekolebwa mu mmuli.</big> '''<big>Amadinda ga Africa</big>''' Erinnya ''marimba'' era likozesebwa ku bivuga by'ennono eby'enjawulo nga ''[[:en:Balafon|balafon]]'' y'omu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa. Fbika ebyasooka by'akolebwanga nga birina obubaawo wamu n'[[:en:Gourd|ensaasi]]. <ref name=":0" /> Olubaawo lw'asookanga kw'okyebwako ku muliro eky'ayambanga okuluwa eddoboozi lye baabanga baagala. Akoongeza ekisumuluzo kaakolebwangako okuwa ekisumuluzo nga bayita mu kulonda n’obwegendereza sayizi yaako, okukyusakyusa obugazi bw'akamwa kaako nga bakozesa wasp wax n’okutereeza obuwanvu bw’ekisumuluzo okusukkako ku kongeza ekisumuluzo. Omukozi omukugu asobola okukola nga amaloboozi mawanvu mu ngeri eyeewuunyisa. Obuti obukozesebwa okukuba ebika bya ''dibinda'' ne ''mbila'' bulina emitwe egyakolebwa mu labba aggyiddwa mu kimera ekiranda eky'omu nsiko. <ref name="answers1">http://www.answers.com/topic/music-of-mozambique</ref> endongo "ekwatagana " oba ekyukakyuka eri mu nvuga y'amadinda g'Obuvanjuba bwa Africa okugeza nga eya Makonde ''dimbila'', Yao ''mangolongondo'' oba Shirima ''mangwilo'' nga mu kino ''opachera'', eyasookanga [[:en:Call_and_response_(music)|okuyita]], yaddibwangamu omukubi omulala ayitibwa ''wakulela'' . <ref>https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1</ref> Kino kitera okukubisaamu emirundi ebiri omuli okuba [[:en:Pulse_(music)|rhythmic pulse]] ogw’amangu edda oguyinza n’okubeera awamu [[:en:Cross-beat|ne counter rhythm]] . '''Mbila''' Mbila (mu bungi "timbila") kika ekikwatagana n'abantu [[:en:Chopi_people|b'e Chopi]] ab'omu [[:en:Inhambane_Province|ssaza ly'e Inhambane]], mu bukiikaddyo bwa Mozambique. <ref name="answers12">http://www.answers.com/topic/music-of-mozambique</ref> Tekirina kutabulwa na [[:en:Mbira|mbira]] . [[:en:Musical_genre|Omusono]] gw’onvuga yaago n'ennyimba eziyimbirwako kigireetera okuba nga y'enkola esinga okuba enzibu oba eyeekikugu kyokka nga esanngibwa mu bantu abatali baayivu bulungi. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist</ref> Amadinda gano ag'e [[:en:Mozambique|Mozambique]]<nowiki/>gakubibwa mu bibinja ebinene ku mazina amayiiye obulungi, oba oly'awo nga galaga emizannyo egikwata ku byafaayo. Ebibinja by'abazinnyi bibaamu amadinda agawera nga kkumi ag'obunene obwa sayizi ssatu oba nnya. Ekibiina ky’abayimbi ekijjuvu kiyinza okuba n'ebivuga bibiri ebya bass ebiyitibwa gulu nga biriko ebisumuluzo by’embaawo bisatu oba bina ebikubibwa nga bayimiridde nga bakozesa obuti obukuba obuzito obuliko emitwe gya labba emigumu, tenor dibinda ssatu, nga biriko ebisumuluzo kkumi era nga bikubibwa nga batudde, ne mbila yennyini, erimu ebisumuluzo ebituuka ku kkumi na mwenda nga ku bino okutuuka ku munaana biyinza okukubibwa omulundi gumu. Gulu ekozesa ensaasi, ate mbila ne dibinda Masala bakozesa bisusunku by’amakovu amatono nga ebyongeza ku maloboozi. Ziwerekera amazina n’ennyimba z'ennono empanvu ebiyitibwa ngomi oba mgodo era nga zirimu ebitundu by’ennyimba nga kkumi nga ziteereddwa mu bibinja 4 ez’enjawulo, nga biriko ‘oluyimba oba omuzannyo oba amazina agaggulawo’, mu [[:en:Tempo|kudduka kw'ebivuga bino]] n’emisono egy’enjawulo. Omukulembeze w’ekibiina aweereza ng’omutontomi, omuyimbi, ayimbisa banne [[:en:Performer|n’omuzannyi]], ng’akola ekiwandiiko, ayiiya [[:en:Melody|oluyimba]] nga mu ngeri emu lwekuusa ku [[:en:Tone_language|mpulikika y'olulimi]] lw'aba Chopi n’okuyiiya layini eyookubiri [[:en:Counterpoint|ey’okugatta emidigido]]. Abayimbi b’ekibiina kino [[:en:Improvisation|bayiiya]] ekitundu ku bitundu byabwe. Olwo omuyimbi yeebuuza ku muyiiya w'amazina ow'omukolo ogwo era enkyukakyuka ne zikolebwa. <ref name="Nettl MPC2">https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/page/176/</ref> Ekisinga obuwanvu era ekisinga obukulu ku bino ye "Mzeno" eba egenda okubeeramu oluyimba olunyumya ku nsonga ey'omugaso mu kitundu oba n'okusaagira ku muntu omututumufu mu kitundu! <ref name="answers12" /> Abayimbi kuliko Eduardo Durão ne Venancio Mbande. <ref name="answers12" /> <ref>https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1</ref> <ref name=":02">https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?from=en&to=lg&targettitle=Amadinda&page=Xylophone#:~:text=View-,Romney%2C%20Jonathan%20(5%20March%201991).%20%22Timbila%20album%20review%22.%20Q%20Magazine.%2055%3A%2068.,-Issues</ref> '''<big>Gyil</big>''' Gyil (mu Lungereza: /ˈdʒɪlə, dʒiːl/) kye kika [[:en:Pentatonic|ekirina sayidi ettaano]] ky'ekivuga ekikozesebwa abantu aboogera olulimi lwa [[:en:Gur_languages|Gur]] mu [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]], [[:en:Burkina_Faso|Burkina Faso]], [[:en:Mali|Mali]] ne [[:en:Ivory_Coast|Ivory Coast]] mu [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]]. Gyil kye kivuga ekikulu eky'obuwangwa eky'abantu ba [[:en:Dagara_people|Dagara]]" ab'omu bukiikakkono bwa Ghana ne Burkina Faso, n'abantu [[:en:Lobi_people|Abalobi]] mu Ghana, abasangibwa mu bukiikaddyo bwa Burkina Faso, ne mu [[:en:Ivory_Coast|Ivory Coast]]. Ekivuga kino kikubibwa abatu babiribabiri, nga zigenda wamu n'ensaasi ezikolebwa mu ndeku nga ziyitibwa ''kuor''. Kisobola n'okukubibwa omuntu omu nga kugenderako engoma ekubibwa n'obuti, oba omuyimbi akulemberamu. Okukuba ekivuga kino nga kiri wamu n'ebyo kikubibwa nnyo mu nsonga z'ekinnansi mu nsonga z'okuziika mu bantu ba [[:en:Dagara_people|Dagara]]. Ekivuga kino kisinga kukubibwa basajja, nga bano bakiyiga bakyali bato, naye nga tekirina kukugira kwekuusa ku kikula. Enkola y'ekivuga kino efaananako n’eya ''Balaba'' oba [[:en:Balafon|Balafon]] ekikozesebwa abantu aboogera [[:en:Mande_languages|Olumande]] nga ba [[:en:Bambara_people|-Bambara]], [[:en:Dyula_people|Dyula]] n'aba [[:en:Sosso|Sosso]] mu bitundu eby'ewala mu Bugwanjuba mu bitundu by'Oukiikaddyo bwa [[:en:Mali|Mali]] n’obugwanjuba bwa [[:en:Burkina_Faso|Burkina Faso]], ekitundu ekirimu ennono nnyingi ez’ennyimba n’ez’omu bukiikakkono bwa Ivory Coast ne Ghana. Kikolebwa n’ebisumuluzo by’embaawo 14 eby’omuti omugumu ogw’omu Afirica oguyitibwa liga nga biteekebwa ku lubaawo nga wansi wabaayo [[:en:Calabash|ensaasi]] nga zirengejja. <ref name="Colter2008">{{Cite web |url=http://contexts.org/articles/winter-2008/harper/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-02-06 |archive-date=2008-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505053140/http://contexts.org/articles/winter-2008/harper/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ensaasi ziba n'obusaanikira obwa sirika nga bulinga ennyumba za nnabbubi obuyamba okuvaamu eddoboozo erisaala ne bakozesa eddiba ly'engabi okusiba okunyweza. <ref name="Colter2008" /> Ekivuga kino kikubiddwa n’obuti bw’embaawo obuliko emitwe gya labba. '''<big>Silimba</big>''' '''Silimba''' g'emadinda agakozesebwa ennyo mu bantu abayitibwa ab'aNkoya n'Abalozi ab'e [[:en:Barotseland|Barotseland]] mu bugwanjuba bwa [[:en:Zambia|Zambia]] . <ref name="ATracey History">https://web.archive.org/web/20170630191209/http://www.kalimba.co.za/old/marimbahistory.html</ref> Ebisumuluzo ebiteekeddwateekeddwa bisibibwa waggulu w'ensaasi ezivuga. <ref>http://www.zambiatourism.com/travel/hisgeopeop/people.htm</ref> Gano nga gamanyiddwa nga shinjimba mu ba Nkoya, nga gakubibwa ku Kazanga, omukolo gw’obwakabaka ogw’ennono ogw’Abankoya. Silimba kitundu kikulu nnyo mu nnono z’ennyimba z’obuwangwa ez’abantu [[:en:Lozi_people|b’e Lozi]] era osobola okugiwulira ku mukolo gw'abwe ogw’e [[:en:Kuomboka|Kuomboka]] ogutegekebwa buli mwaka. Silimba kati ekozesebwa mu bitundu bya Zambia ebisinga obungi. '''<big>Akadinda, amadinda ne mbaire</big>''' '''Akadinda,''' '''amadinda''' nga bwe gayitibwa mu luganda bivuga ebisibuka mu [[Buganda]], nga eyitibwa [[Yuganda|Uganda]] omulembe guno . <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist</ref> Amadinda gakolebwa galina emiti kkumineebiri nga gino gipangibwa ku kintu kya njuyi ttaano. Okusinga gakubibwa abantu basatu. Abakubi babiri batuula nga buli omu atunudde mu munne ne bakugakuba mu ngeri ekwatagana mu bwangu obwa waggulu. Tegaba na nsaasi oba ddoboozi lyonna lisaala, nga zino z'embeera ebbiri ez'amadinda mangi aga Afirica. <ref>https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1</ref> Amadinda kyali kivuga kikulu mu kkooti y’obwakabaka bwa Buganda, obwakabaka obusangibwa mu Uganda. Ekika [[:en:Musical_notation|ky’empulikika]] eky’enjawulo kati kikozesebwa ku madinda gano, nga kirimu ennamba n'ebiseera. <ref name="britannica1">http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/719112/African-music/57086/Interlocking#ref=ref519777</ref> nga bwe kiri ne ku madinda agayitibwa '''embaire''', nga kino kika ekisibuka mu bukiikaddyo bwa [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] . <ref name="britannica1" /> '''<big>Balo</big>''' '''''Balo''''' ( '''''balenjeh''''', '''''behlanjeh''''' ) kino kika ekikozesebwa mu [[:en:Mandinka_people|bantu b’e Mandinka]] mu bugwanjuba bwa Africa. Ebisumuluzo byakyo biteekebwa ku nsaasi, era kikubwa n'obuti nga bulina emitwe emikole mu labba. Abakubi bakyo batera okwambala mu ngalo obude obwekyuma ku mikono gyabwe busobole okuvaamu amaloboozi nga nwe bakuba. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070627205236/http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/1240</ref> '''<big>Amadinda G'abazungu</big>''' Amadinda okusooka okwogerwako mu Bulaaya kwali mu kitabo kya [[:en:Arnolt_Schlick|Arnolt Schlick]] ekya ''Spiegel der Orgelmacher und Organisten'' (1511), gye gyitibwa ''hültze glechter'' ("okuwuuma kw'embaawo"). <ref name="VSL">https://web.archive.org/web/20180430183151/https://www.vsl.co.at/en/Xylophone/History</ref> <ref name="Grove">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians</ref> Waliwo ennyinnyonnyola endala ezikwata ku kivuga kino, wadde ng'ekigambo "amadinda" tekyakozesebwa okutuuka mu myaka gya 1860. <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=7EYFAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA2-PA152</ref> Ekivuga kino kyali kikwatagana nnyo n'ennyimba z'ekinnansi ez'amasekkati ga Bulaaya, naddala mu Poland n'obuvanjuba bwa Bugirimaani. Ekika ekyasooka kyali mu [[:en:Slovakia|Slovakia]] <ref name="Nettl MPC3">https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/page/176/</ref> : 98. Ekivuga ekyali kisimbuddwa mu kkyo kyajjira mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070813000208/http://www.concertgoersguide.org/onstage/instruments/thexylophone.php</ref> Okusooka okukozesa amadinda mu kibiina ky'abayimbi n'abakubi b'ebivuga Abazungu kwali mu [[:en:Camille_Saint-Saëns|Camille Saint-Saëns]]’ ''[[:en:Danse_Macabre_(Saint-Saëns)|Danse Macabre]]'', mu 1874. <ref name="made3">http://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html</ref> Mu kiseera ekyo, ekivuga kino kyali ky'amanyizibwa dda [[:en:Josef_Gusikov|Michael Josef Gusikov]] okutuuka ku ddaala erimu, <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rainlore.demon.co.uk/Guzikow/GuzikowArchs.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-02-20 |archive-date=2006-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061230034331/http://www.rainlore.demon.co.uk/Guzikow/GuzikowArchs.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> nga ekivuga ekikye kyali ky'amadinda agaalina enkuubo ettaano agaakolebwa mu mbaawo 28 nga zisengekeddwa mu semitones mu ngeri ya trapezoid era nga zitudde ziwaniriddwa obuntu obulinda obuseke. Tewaaliwo byongera ku maloboozi era nga gakubibwa mangu n’obuti obwali bufaanana ng’ejiiko. Okusinziira ku mukugu mu by’ennyimba [[:en:Curt_Sachs|Curt Sachs]], Gusikov yayimbira mu bivvulu by’omu bifo awawummulirwa, mu ndaga ez’enjawulo, era ng’ekikolwa eky'enjawulo mu bivvulu eby'amaloboozi. Amadinda g'omu bazungu gaakozesebwanga bbandi za jjaazi ezaasooka, ne mu [[:en:Vaudeville|vaudeville]] . Eddoboozi ly'ago eriwulikika obulungi ly'akolanga bulungi mu nnyimba z’emyaka gya 1920 ne 1930. [[:en:Red_Norvo|Red Norvo]], George Cary, [[:en:George_Hamilton_Green|George Hamilton Green]], [[:en:Teddy_Brown|Teddy Brown]], Harry Breuer ne Harry Robbins be bamu ku bakubi baago abaali bamanyiddwa ennyo. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, wajjawo ekika ky'ekivuga ekyali ekiyitibwa metal-key [[:en:Vibraphone|vibraphone]], eky'agayitako mu kwatiikirira nga kino kyakolebwa mu myaka gya 1920. Ekika ky'amadinda oba xylophone gye gaagenda gakendeera gaafuuka marimba era ne gayitibwa [[:en:Xylorimba|xylorimba]] . Mu kugaba obubonero mu bivuga, xylophone esobola okwogerwako Abafalansa aba ''claquebois'', Abagirimaani aba ''Holzharmonika'' (mu bufunze "ekivuga eky'embaawo"), oba ''Silofono'' mu Yitale. <ref name="Grove2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Sadie</ref> [[:en:Dmitri_Shostakovich|Shostakovich]] yali ayagala nnyo ekivuga kino; kirina emirimu egy’amaanyi mu mirimu gye mingi, omuli n’ennyimba ze ezisinga obungi eza [[:en:Symphony|symphony]] ne [[:en:Cello_Concerto_No._2_(Shostakovich)|Cello Concerto No. 2]] ye. Xylophone era ekola kinene mu mazina ga [[:en:Aram_Khachaturian|Khachaturian]] aga [[:en:Sabre_Dance|Sabre Dance]] . Abazannyi ba xylophone ab’omulembe guno kuliko [[:en:Bob_Becker_(composer)|Bob Becker]], [[:en:Evelyn_Glennie|Evelyn Glennie]] ne Ian Finkel. Mu Amerika, waliyo bbandi za marimba ez’e Zimbabwe ezisinga obungi mu Pacific Northwest, Colorado, ne New Mexico, naye bbandi ziriyo okuva ku lubalama lw’ebugwanjuba okuyita mu California n’okutuuka e Hawaii ne Alaska. Omukolo omukulu mu ekitundu gwe gwa ZimFest, ekivvulu ky’ennyimba eky'abantu abava mu Zimbabwe ekitegekebwa buli mwaka. Bbandi zino zirina ebivuga okuva ku soprano eya waggulu, okutuuka ku soprano eya wansi, tenor, baritone ne bass. Eby'ongera ku maloboozi bitera okukolebwa nga birina obutuli obubikkiddwa ne cellophane omutono (efaananako ne [[:en:Balafon|balafon]] ) okusobola okutuuka ku ddoboozi erisaala. Amazina n'ennyimba n'ebiragibwa ebirala ebya bbandi za Amerika bitera okuba n’okukwatagana okunene, olw’okuba nga biva wa muntu omu omuyimbi Omuzimbabwe ayitibwa [[:en:Dumisani_Maraire|Dumisani Maraire]], eyali omuntu omukulu eyasooka okuleeta ennyimba ezo eza Zimbabwe mu mawanga g’Obugwanjuba, ng’ajja mu Yunivasite y’e Washington mu 1968. '''<big>Okukozesa kwago mu by’enjigiriza eby'awansi</big>''' [[Category:Buganda]] 6ide1jg6zzt1c6l71a08liyh9j6ed97 74211 74210 2026-09-09T15:46:01Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 converted reference 74211 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Xylophone.jpg|right|thumb|Amadinda oba xylophone wamu n'obugakuba obw'enjawulo]]   <big>'''Amadinda oba Xylophone mu Lungereza''' ( mu lulimi Olu Greek olw’edda ξύλον <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist</ref> <ref>https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1</ref> lit. ' <span class="gloss-text">eddoboozi ly'obubaawo</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> ) kino [[:en:Musical_instrument|kivuga]] ekigwa mu ttuluba ly'ebivuga ebikolebwa mu emiti nga bikubibwa [[:en:Percussion_mallet|obuti]] okuvaamu amaloboozi. Buli kabaawo kaba [[:en:Idiophone|ddinda ly'anjawulo]] erikolebwa okusobola okuvaamu [[:en:Musical_scale|eddoboozi ery'enjawulo]] omuli erya [[:en:Pentatonic_scale|pentatonic]] oba [[:en:Heptatonic_scale|heptatonic]] mu mbeera y’ebivuga bingi eby’Afirica ne Asia, [[:en:Diatonic_scale|diatonic]] mu bivuga bingi eby’abaana ab’amawanga g’omubugwanjuba, oba [[:en:Chromatic_scale|chromatic]] okukozesebwa mu kibiina ky’abayimbi.</big> <big>Erinnya amadinda liyinza okukozesebwa okutwalira awamu, okuzingiramu ebivuga byonna ng’ebyo okugeza nga [[:en:Marimba|marimba]], [[:en:Balafon|balafon]] kwossa ne [[:en:Semantron|semantron]] . Naye mu [[:en:Orchestra|kibiina ky’abayimbi]], ekigambo madinda kitegeeza nnyo ekivuga ekivaamu eddoboozi ery'awaggulu erisingako katono ku buwanvu era nga gaba gakoleddwa [[:en:Timbre|embaawo]] enkalu okusinga [[:en:Marimba|marimba]], era ebivuga bino ebibiri tebisaanidde kutabulwa. Omuntu akuba amadinda amanyiddwa nga ''xylophonist'' oba mu njogera ennyamgu ayitibwa ''mukubi w'amadinda''. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Xylophonist {{!}} Definition of Xylophonist by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Xylophonist |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-date=2020-12-07 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Lexico Dictionaries {{!}} English |language=en}}</ref></big> <big>Erinnya lino era likozesebwa nnyo okutegeeza ebivuga ebifaanagana eby’ekika kya [[:en:Lithophone|lithophone]] ne [[:en:Metallophone|metallophone]] . Okugeza, [[:en:Pixiphone|Pixiphone]] n’eby’okuzannyisa bingi ebifaananako bwe bityo ababikola bye baayogerako nga amadinda agalina ebyuma mu kifo ky'embaawo, era bwe kityo mu [[:en:Organology|lulimi lw'ebivuga]] bitwalibwa nga [[:en:Glockenspiel|glockenspiels]] mu kifo ky'amadinda.</big> == <big>Enzimba yaago</big> == <big>Amadinda ag'omulembe mu mawanga g'omu bugwanjuba galina embaawo eziva mu miti gya [[:en:Rosewood|rosewood]], [[:en:Padauk|padauk]], [[:en:Cocobolo|cocobolo]], oba ebintu eby’enjawulo ebikoleddwa nga [[:en:Fiberglass|fiberglass]] oba [[:en:Fibre-reinforced_plastic|fiberglass-reinforced plastic]] ebisobozesa eddoboozi okuba ery’amaanyi. <ref name="made">{{Cite web |title=How xylophone is made - manufacture, making, history, used, parts, composition, steps, History, Raw Materials |url=https://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.madehow.com}}</ref> Agamu gasobola okusaasanya amalobozi ku bugazi bwa 21/2 ag'omu bivvuliu go gagenda okutuuka bugazi bwa 31/2 oba 4. Okufaananako ne glockenspiel, amadinda [[:en:Transposing_instrument|kivuga ekiyimusa amaloboozi]]: ebitundu byakyo biwandiikibwa octave emu wansi w’ennukuta eziwulikika.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Translate page - Wikipedia |url=https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?from=en&page=Xylophone&targettitle=Amadinda&to=lg |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=lg.wikipedia.org |language=lg}}</ref></big> <big>Amadinga g'oku bivvulu galina [[:en:Resonators|obuuma obwongera ku maloboozi]] agavaamu wansi w’embaawo okutumbula obuwanvu bw'eddoboozi n’okulikuuma. Fuleemu zikolebwa mu mbaawo oba obuuma obutali bwa bbeeyi nnene: amadinga ag'ebbeeyi gaba m'ongeremu mu buwanvu era gaba g'ongeddwamu obunywevu ku ttaka. Mu nkola z'abayimbi endala bakozesa [[:en:Gourd|nsaasi]] <ref name="made2">{{Cite web |title=How xylophone is made - manufacture, making, history, used, parts, composition, steps, History, Raw Materials |url=https://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.madehow.com}}</ref> nga zeezikola mu kuyamba [[:en:Helmholtz_resonator|okwongera eddoboozi]]. Amadinga amalala gaba ga kika kya "trough" nga gaba ne'kituli kimu ekikola ku kwongeza amaloboozi eri obuuma bwonna. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=VIENNA SYMPHONIC LIBRARY > VIENNA ACADEMY > Percussion > Mallets > Xylophone > HISTORY |url=http://www.vsl.co.at/en/70/3196/3204/3205/5729.vsl |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808061925/http://www.vsl.co.at/en/70/3196/3204/3205/5729.vsl |archive-date=2012-08-08 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.vsl.co.at}}</ref> Enkola enkadde zaalimu okusengeka embaawo wamu ku , era, n’okutuusa kati kikolebwa n’okutuusa kati, okuteeka embaawo nga ziriraanaganye mu nsengeka eringa ey'amadaala. Obuti obugakuba edda bw'akolebwanga Ensigo ez’edda zaakolebwanga mu mbaawo z’omuti gwa willow nga ku nkomerero zazo kuliko ebibya ebiringa ekijiiko. <ref name="made2" /></big> '''<big>Obuti obukuba amadinda</big>''' <big>Amadinda galina okukubwa n'obuti bwa labba, polyball oba acrylic. Oluusi obuti bwa labba ali wakatikkati n'omugumu ennyo oba obw’obuwuzi bwe bikozesebwa okukola amaloboozi amagonvu. Amaloboozi amagonvu gasobola okukolebwa ku madinda nga bakozesa obuti obuliko emitwe egy’embaawo ezikoleddwa mu muti gwa rosewood, ebony, birch oba emiti emirala emigumu.</big> '''<big>Ebyafaayo by'ago</big>''' <big>Ekivuga kino kirina ensibuko y’edda etamanyiddwa. Nettl yagamba nti yasibuka mu bukiikaddyo bw’obuvanjuba bwa Asia n’ejja mu Afrika c. AD 500 ekibinja ky’abantu aboogera Oluaustronesia bwe baasenguka ne bagenda mu Afirica, ne bageraageranya ebibiina by’abakubi b'amadinda ab’omu Buvanjuba bwa Africa n’ebibiina by’abazannyi baago mu aba gamelan ab'e Javanese ne Balinese.<ref name="Nettl MPC">{{Cite web |date=2008-07-03 |title=Theory of Music |url=https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Theory of Music |language=en}}</ref> 1 . 18–19, 19 . 100 Endowooza eno yasoomoozebwa omukugu mu nnyimba z’amawanga era omukugu mu nnimi Roger Blench, nga agamba nti ensibuko eyetongodde ey'amadinda eri mu Africa, ng’awa, mu bujulizi obw’okuyiiya mu kitundu, ebifaananyi eby’enjawulo eby'amadinda ga Afirica n’ebika by'amadinda eby’enjawulo ennyo n’ebivuga ebiringa amadinda mu Afirica.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sub-Saharan African Instruments at the National Music Museum |url=http://orgs.usd.edu:80/nmm/Africa/SubSaharanAfrica.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20160315063731/http://orgs.usd.edu:80/nmm/Africa/SubSaharanAfrica.html |archive-date=2016-03-15 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=orgs.usd.edu}}</ref></big> '''<big>Amadinda g'omu Asia</big>''' <big>Obujulizi obwasooka ku madinda nti amatuufu gava mu kyasa eky’omwenda mu [[:en:Southeast_Asia|bukiikaddyo bw’obuvanjuba bwa Asia]], ate ekivuga eky’embaawo ekiwaniriddwa ekifaananako bwe kityo, ekika kya [[:en:Panharmonicon|harmonicon]], kigambibwa nti Vienna Symphonic Library yaliwo mu 2000 BC mu kitundu kati ekitundu ku nsi ya China. [[:en:Ranat_(musical_instrument)|Ekivuga]] ekiringa amadinda kyakozesebwa mu bitundu [[:en:Hindu|by’Abahindu]] (kashta tharang). Mu [[:en:Indonesia|Indonesia]], ebitundu bitono ebirina ekika kyabyo eky'amadinda. Mu [[:en:North_Sumatra|North Sumatra]], [[:en:Toba_Batak_people|Abantu b'e Toba Batak]] bakozesa amadinda ag'embaawo agamanyiddwa nga [[:en:Garantung|Garantung]] (ekiwandiikibwa nga: "garattung"). [[:en:Java|Java]] ne [[:en:Bali|Bali]] bakozesa amadinda (agayitibwa [[:en:Gambang_(instrument)|gambang]], [[:en:Rindik|Rindik]] ne [[:en:Tingklik|Tingklik]] ) mu nsengeka [[:en:Gamelan|za gamelan]] . gakyalina amakulu ag’ennono mu [[:en:Malaysia|Malaysia]], [[:en:Melanesia|Melanesia]], Indonesia, [[:en:Thailand|Thailand]], [[:en:Myanmar|Myanmar]], n’ebitundu by’America. Mu Myanmar, amadinda gamanyiddwa nga [[:en:Pattala|Pattala]] era mu bujjuvu ekolebwa mu mmuli.</big> '''<big>Amadinda ga Africa</big>''' Erinnya ''marimba'' era likozesebwa ku bivuga by'ennono eby'enjawulo nga ''[[:en:Balafon|balafon]]'' y'omu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa. Fbika ebyasooka by'akolebwanga nga birina obubaawo wamu n'[[:en:Gourd|ensaasi]]. <ref name=":0" /> Olubaawo lw'asookanga kw'okyebwako ku muliro eky'ayambanga okuluwa eddoboozi lye baabanga baagala. Akoongeza ekisumuluzo kaakolebwangako okuwa ekisumuluzo nga bayita mu kulonda n’obwegendereza sayizi yaako, okukyusakyusa obugazi bw'akamwa kaako nga bakozesa wasp wax n’okutereeza obuwanvu bw’ekisumuluzo okusukkako ku kongeza ekisumuluzo. Omukozi omukugu asobola okukola nga amaloboozi mawanvu mu ngeri eyeewuunyisa. Obuti obukozesebwa okukuba ebika bya ''dibinda'' ne ''mbila'' bulina emitwe egyakolebwa mu labba aggyiddwa mu kimera ekiranda eky'omu nsiko. <ref name="answers1">{{Cite web |title=Answers - The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions |url=https://www.answers.com/redirectSearch |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Answers |language=en}}</ref> endongo "ekwatagana " oba ekyukakyuka eri mu nvuga y'amadinda g'Obuvanjuba bwa Africa okugeza nga eya Makonde ''dimbila'', Yao ''mangolongondo'' oba Shirima ''mangwilo'' nga mu kino ''opachera'', eyasookanga [[:en:Call_and_response_(music)|okuyita]], yaddibwangamu omukubi omulala ayitibwa ''wakulela'' . <ref>https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1</ref> Kino kitera okukubisaamu emirundi ebiri omuli okuba [[:en:Pulse_(music)|rhythmic pulse]] ogw’amangu edda oguyinza n’okubeera awamu [[:en:Cross-beat|ne counter rhythm]] . '''Mbila''' Mbila (mu bungi "timbila") kika ekikwatagana n'abantu [[:en:Chopi_people|b'e Chopi]] ab'omu [[:en:Inhambane_Province|ssaza ly'e Inhambane]], mu bukiikaddyo bwa Mozambique. <ref name="answers12">http://www.answers.com/topic/music-of-mozambique</ref> Tekirina kutabulwa na [[:en:Mbira|mbira]] . [[:en:Musical_genre|Omusono]] gw’onvuga yaago n'ennyimba eziyimbirwako kigireetera okuba nga y'enkola esinga okuba enzibu oba eyeekikugu kyokka nga esanngibwa mu bantu abatali baayivu bulungi. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist</ref> Amadinda gano ag'e [[:en:Mozambique|Mozambique]]<nowiki/>gakubibwa mu bibinja ebinene ku mazina amayiiye obulungi, oba oly'awo nga galaga emizannyo egikwata ku byafaayo. Ebibinja by'abazinnyi bibaamu amadinda agawera nga kkumi ag'obunene obwa sayizi ssatu oba nnya. Ekibiina ky’abayimbi ekijjuvu kiyinza okuba n'ebivuga bibiri ebya bass ebiyitibwa gulu nga biriko ebisumuluzo by’embaawo bisatu oba bina ebikubibwa nga bayimiridde nga bakozesa obuti obukuba obuzito obuliko emitwe gya labba emigumu, tenor dibinda ssatu, nga biriko ebisumuluzo kkumi era nga bikubibwa nga batudde, ne mbila yennyini, erimu ebisumuluzo ebituuka ku kkumi na mwenda nga ku bino okutuuka ku munaana biyinza okukubibwa omulundi gumu. Gulu ekozesa ensaasi, ate mbila ne dibinda Masala bakozesa bisusunku by’amakovu amatono nga ebyongeza ku maloboozi. Ziwerekera amazina n’ennyimba z'ennono empanvu ebiyitibwa ngomi oba mgodo era nga zirimu ebitundu by’ennyimba nga kkumi nga ziteereddwa mu bibinja 4 ez’enjawulo, nga biriko ‘oluyimba oba omuzannyo oba amazina agaggulawo’, mu [[:en:Tempo|kudduka kw'ebivuga bino]] n’emisono egy’enjawulo. Omukulembeze w’ekibiina aweereza ng’omutontomi, omuyimbi, ayimbisa banne [[:en:Performer|n’omuzannyi]], ng’akola ekiwandiiko, ayiiya [[:en:Melody|oluyimba]] nga mu ngeri emu lwekuusa ku [[:en:Tone_language|mpulikika y'olulimi]] lw'aba Chopi n’okuyiiya layini eyookubiri [[:en:Counterpoint|ey’okugatta emidigido]]. Abayimbi b’ekibiina kino [[:en:Improvisation|bayiiya]] ekitundu ku bitundu byabwe. Olwo omuyimbi yeebuuza ku muyiiya w'amazina ow'omukolo ogwo era enkyukakyuka ne zikolebwa. <ref name="Nettl MPC2">https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/page/176/</ref> Ekisinga obuwanvu era ekisinga obukulu ku bino ye "Mzeno" eba egenda okubeeramu oluyimba olunyumya ku nsonga ey'omugaso mu kitundu oba n'okusaagira ku muntu omututumufu mu kitundu! <ref name="answers12" /> Abayimbi kuliko Eduardo Durão ne Venancio Mbande. <ref name="answers12" /> <ref>https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1</ref> <ref name=":02">https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?from=en&to=lg&targettitle=Amadinda&page=Xylophone#:~:text=View-,Romney%2C%20Jonathan%20(5%20March%201991).%20%22Timbila%20album%20review%22.%20Q%20Magazine.%2055%3A%2068.,-Issues</ref> '''<big>Gyil</big>''' Gyil (mu Lungereza: /ˈdʒɪlə, dʒiːl/) kye kika [[:en:Pentatonic|ekirina sayidi ettaano]] ky'ekivuga ekikozesebwa abantu aboogera olulimi lwa [[:en:Gur_languages|Gur]] mu [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]], [[:en:Burkina_Faso|Burkina Faso]], [[:en:Mali|Mali]] ne [[:en:Ivory_Coast|Ivory Coast]] mu [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]]. Gyil kye kivuga ekikulu eky'obuwangwa eky'abantu ba [[:en:Dagara_people|Dagara]]" ab'omu bukiikakkono bwa Ghana ne Burkina Faso, n'abantu [[:en:Lobi_people|Abalobi]] mu Ghana, abasangibwa mu bukiikaddyo bwa Burkina Faso, ne mu [[:en:Ivory_Coast|Ivory Coast]]. Ekivuga kino kikubibwa abatu babiribabiri, nga zigenda wamu n'ensaasi ezikolebwa mu ndeku nga ziyitibwa ''kuor''. Kisobola n'okukubibwa omuntu omu nga kugenderako engoma ekubibwa n'obuti, oba omuyimbi akulemberamu. Okukuba ekivuga kino nga kiri wamu n'ebyo kikubibwa nnyo mu nsonga z'ekinnansi mu nsonga z'okuziika mu bantu ba [[:en:Dagara_people|Dagara]]. Ekivuga kino kisinga kukubibwa basajja, nga bano bakiyiga bakyali bato, naye nga tekirina kukugira kwekuusa ku kikula. Enkola y'ekivuga kino efaananako n’eya ''Balaba'' oba [[:en:Balafon|Balafon]] ekikozesebwa abantu aboogera [[:en:Mande_languages|Olumande]] nga ba [[:en:Bambara_people|-Bambara]], [[:en:Dyula_people|Dyula]] n'aba [[:en:Sosso|Sosso]] mu bitundu eby'ewala mu Bugwanjuba mu bitundu by'Oukiikaddyo bwa [[:en:Mali|Mali]] n’obugwanjuba bwa [[:en:Burkina_Faso|Burkina Faso]], ekitundu ekirimu ennono nnyingi ez’ennyimba n’ez’omu bukiikakkono bwa Ivory Coast ne Ghana. Kikolebwa n’ebisumuluzo by’embaawo 14 eby’omuti omugumu ogw’omu Afirica oguyitibwa liga nga biteekebwa ku lubaawo nga wansi wabaayo [[:en:Calabash|ensaasi]] nga zirengejja. <ref name="Colter2008">{{Cite web |url=http://contexts.org/articles/winter-2008/harper/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-02-06 |archive-date=2008-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505053140/http://contexts.org/articles/winter-2008/harper/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ensaasi ziba n'obusaanikira obwa sirika nga bulinga ennyumba za nnabbubi obuyamba okuvaamu eddoboozo erisaala ne bakozesa eddiba ly'engabi okusiba okunyweza. <ref name="Colter2008" /> Ekivuga kino kikubiddwa n’obuti bw’embaawo obuliko emitwe gya labba. '''<big>Silimba</big>''' '''Silimba''' g'emadinda agakozesebwa ennyo mu bantu abayitibwa ab'aNkoya n'Abalozi ab'e [[:en:Barotseland|Barotseland]] mu bugwanjuba bwa [[:en:Zambia|Zambia]] . <ref name="ATracey History">https://web.archive.org/web/20170630191209/http://www.kalimba.co.za/old/marimbahistory.html</ref> Ebisumuluzo ebiteekeddwateekeddwa bisibibwa waggulu w'ensaasi ezivuga. <ref>http://www.zambiatourism.com/travel/hisgeopeop/people.htm</ref> Gano nga gamanyiddwa nga shinjimba mu ba Nkoya, nga gakubibwa ku Kazanga, omukolo gw’obwakabaka ogw’ennono ogw’Abankoya. Silimba kitundu kikulu nnyo mu nnono z’ennyimba z’obuwangwa ez’abantu [[:en:Lozi_people|b’e Lozi]] era osobola okugiwulira ku mukolo gw'abwe ogw’e [[:en:Kuomboka|Kuomboka]] ogutegekebwa buli mwaka. Silimba kati ekozesebwa mu bitundu bya Zambia ebisinga obungi. '''<big>Akadinda, amadinda ne mbaire</big>''' '''Akadinda,''' '''amadinda''' nga bwe gayitibwa mu luganda bivuga ebisibuka mu [[Buganda]], nga eyitibwa [[Yuganda|Uganda]] omulembe guno . <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist</ref> Amadinda gakolebwa galina emiti kkumineebiri nga gino gipangibwa ku kintu kya njuyi ttaano. Okusinga gakubibwa abantu basatu. Abakubi babiri batuula nga buli omu atunudde mu munne ne bakugakuba mu ngeri ekwatagana mu bwangu obwa waggulu. Tegaba na nsaasi oba ddoboozi lyonna lisaala, nga zino z'embeera ebbiri ez'amadinda mangi aga Afirica. <ref>https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1</ref> Amadinda kyali kivuga kikulu mu kkooti y’obwakabaka bwa Buganda, obwakabaka obusangibwa mu Uganda. Ekika [[:en:Musical_notation|ky’empulikika]] eky’enjawulo kati kikozesebwa ku madinda gano, nga kirimu ennamba n'ebiseera. <ref name="britannica1">http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/719112/African-music/57086/Interlocking#ref=ref519777</ref> nga bwe kiri ne ku madinda agayitibwa '''embaire''', nga kino kika ekisibuka mu bukiikaddyo bwa [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] . <ref name="britannica1" /> '''<big>Balo</big>''' '''''Balo''''' ( '''''balenjeh''''', '''''behlanjeh''''' ) kino kika ekikozesebwa mu [[:en:Mandinka_people|bantu b’e Mandinka]] mu bugwanjuba bwa Africa. Ebisumuluzo byakyo biteekebwa ku nsaasi, era kikubwa n'obuti nga bulina emitwe emikole mu labba. Abakubi bakyo batera okwambala mu ngalo obude obwekyuma ku mikono gyabwe busobole okuvaamu amaloboozi nga nwe bakuba. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070627205236/http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/1240</ref> '''<big>Amadinda G'abazungu</big>''' Amadinda okusooka okwogerwako mu Bulaaya kwali mu kitabo kya [[:en:Arnolt_Schlick|Arnolt Schlick]] ekya ''Spiegel der Orgelmacher und Organisten'' (1511), gye gyitibwa ''hültze glechter'' ("okuwuuma kw'embaawo"). <ref name="VSL">https://web.archive.org/web/20180430183151/https://www.vsl.co.at/en/Xylophone/History</ref> <ref name="Grove">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians</ref> Waliwo ennyinnyonnyola endala ezikwata ku kivuga kino, wadde ng'ekigambo "amadinda" tekyakozesebwa okutuuka mu myaka gya 1860. <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=7EYFAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA2-PA152</ref> Ekivuga kino kyali kikwatagana nnyo n'ennyimba z'ekinnansi ez'amasekkati ga Bulaaya, naddala mu Poland n'obuvanjuba bwa Bugirimaani. Ekika ekyasooka kyali mu [[:en:Slovakia|Slovakia]] <ref name="Nettl MPC3">https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/page/176/</ref> : 98. Ekivuga ekyali kisimbuddwa mu kkyo kyajjira mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070813000208/http://www.concertgoersguide.org/onstage/instruments/thexylophone.php</ref> Okusooka okukozesa amadinda mu kibiina ky'abayimbi n'abakubi b'ebivuga Abazungu kwali mu [[:en:Camille_Saint-Saëns|Camille Saint-Saëns]]’ ''[[:en:Danse_Macabre_(Saint-Saëns)|Danse Macabre]]'', mu 1874. <ref name="made3">http://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html</ref> Mu kiseera ekyo, ekivuga kino kyali ky'amanyizibwa dda [[:en:Josef_Gusikov|Michael Josef Gusikov]] okutuuka ku ddaala erimu, <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rainlore.demon.co.uk/Guzikow/GuzikowArchs.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-02-20 |archive-date=2006-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061230034331/http://www.rainlore.demon.co.uk/Guzikow/GuzikowArchs.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> nga ekivuga ekikye kyali ky'amadinda agaalina enkuubo ettaano agaakolebwa mu mbaawo 28 nga zisengekeddwa mu semitones mu ngeri ya trapezoid era nga zitudde ziwaniriddwa obuntu obulinda obuseke. Tewaaliwo byongera ku maloboozi era nga gakubibwa mangu n’obuti obwali bufaanana ng’ejiiko. Okusinziira ku mukugu mu by’ennyimba [[:en:Curt_Sachs|Curt Sachs]], Gusikov yayimbira mu bivvulu by’omu bifo awawummulirwa, mu ndaga ez’enjawulo, era ng’ekikolwa eky'enjawulo mu bivvulu eby'amaloboozi. Amadinda g'omu bazungu gaakozesebwanga bbandi za jjaazi ezaasooka, ne mu [[:en:Vaudeville|vaudeville]] . Eddoboozi ly'ago eriwulikika obulungi ly'akolanga bulungi mu nnyimba z’emyaka gya 1920 ne 1930. [[:en:Red_Norvo|Red Norvo]], George Cary, [[:en:George_Hamilton_Green|George Hamilton Green]], [[:en:Teddy_Brown|Teddy Brown]], Harry Breuer ne Harry Robbins be bamu ku bakubi baago abaali bamanyiddwa ennyo. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, wajjawo ekika ky'ekivuga ekyali ekiyitibwa metal-key [[:en:Vibraphone|vibraphone]], eky'agayitako mu kwatiikirira nga kino kyakolebwa mu myaka gya 1920. Ekika ky'amadinda oba xylophone gye gaagenda gakendeera gaafuuka marimba era ne gayitibwa [[:en:Xylorimba|xylorimba]] . Mu kugaba obubonero mu bivuga, xylophone esobola okwogerwako Abafalansa aba ''claquebois'', Abagirimaani aba ''Holzharmonika'' (mu bufunze "ekivuga eky'embaawo"), oba ''Silofono'' mu Yitale. <ref name="Grove2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Sadie</ref> [[:en:Dmitri_Shostakovich|Shostakovich]] yali ayagala nnyo ekivuga kino; kirina emirimu egy’amaanyi mu mirimu gye mingi, omuli n’ennyimba ze ezisinga obungi eza [[:en:Symphony|symphony]] ne [[:en:Cello_Concerto_No._2_(Shostakovich)|Cello Concerto No. 2]] ye. Xylophone era ekola kinene mu mazina ga [[:en:Aram_Khachaturian|Khachaturian]] aga [[:en:Sabre_Dance|Sabre Dance]] . Abazannyi ba xylophone ab’omulembe guno kuliko [[:en:Bob_Becker_(composer)|Bob Becker]], [[:en:Evelyn_Glennie|Evelyn Glennie]] ne Ian Finkel. Mu Amerika, waliyo bbandi za marimba ez’e Zimbabwe ezisinga obungi mu Pacific Northwest, Colorado, ne New Mexico, naye bbandi ziriyo okuva ku lubalama lw’ebugwanjuba okuyita mu California n’okutuuka e Hawaii ne Alaska. Omukolo omukulu mu ekitundu gwe gwa ZimFest, ekivvulu ky’ennyimba eky'abantu abava mu Zimbabwe ekitegekebwa buli mwaka. Bbandi zino zirina ebivuga okuva ku soprano eya waggulu, okutuuka ku soprano eya wansi, tenor, baritone ne bass. Eby'ongera ku maloboozi bitera okukolebwa nga birina obutuli obubikkiddwa ne cellophane omutono (efaananako ne [[:en:Balafon|balafon]] ) okusobola okutuuka ku ddoboozi erisaala. Amazina n'ennyimba n'ebiragibwa ebirala ebya bbandi za Amerika bitera okuba n’okukwatagana okunene, olw’okuba nga biva wa muntu omu omuyimbi Omuzimbabwe ayitibwa [[:en:Dumisani_Maraire|Dumisani Maraire]], eyali omuntu omukulu eyasooka okuleeta ennyimba ezo eza Zimbabwe mu mawanga g’Obugwanjuba, ng’ajja mu Yunivasite y’e Washington mu 1968. '''<big>Okukozesa kwago mu by’enjigiriza eby'awansi</big>''' [[Category:Buganda]] rh8xx1yqv0chetfe3xbxdt9tac654fp 74212 74211 2026-09-09T15:48:34Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 converted references 74212 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Xylophone.jpg|right|thumb|Amadinda oba xylophone wamu n'obugakuba obw'enjawulo]]   <big>'''Amadinda oba Xylophone mu Lungereza''' ( mu lulimi Olu Greek olw’edda ξύλον <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist</ref> <ref>https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1</ref> lit. ' <span class="gloss-text">eddoboozi ly'obubaawo</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> ) kino [[:en:Musical_instrument|kivuga]] ekigwa mu ttuluba ly'ebivuga ebikolebwa mu emiti nga bikubibwa [[:en:Percussion_mallet|obuti]] okuvaamu amaloboozi. Buli kabaawo kaba [[:en:Idiophone|ddinda ly'anjawulo]] erikolebwa okusobola okuvaamu [[:en:Musical_scale|eddoboozi ery'enjawulo]] omuli erya [[:en:Pentatonic_scale|pentatonic]] oba [[:en:Heptatonic_scale|heptatonic]] mu mbeera y’ebivuga bingi eby’Afirica ne Asia, [[:en:Diatonic_scale|diatonic]] mu bivuga bingi eby’abaana ab’amawanga g’omubugwanjuba, oba [[:en:Chromatic_scale|chromatic]] okukozesebwa mu kibiina ky’abayimbi.</big> <big>Erinnya amadinda liyinza okukozesebwa okutwalira awamu, okuzingiramu ebivuga byonna ng’ebyo okugeza nga [[:en:Marimba|marimba]], [[:en:Balafon|balafon]] kwossa ne [[:en:Semantron|semantron]] . Naye mu [[:en:Orchestra|kibiina ky’abayimbi]], ekigambo madinda kitegeeza nnyo ekivuga ekivaamu eddoboozi ery'awaggulu erisingako katono ku buwanvu era nga gaba gakoleddwa [[:en:Timbre|embaawo]] enkalu okusinga [[:en:Marimba|marimba]], era ebivuga bino ebibiri tebisaanidde kutabulwa. Omuntu akuba amadinda amanyiddwa nga ''xylophonist'' oba mu njogera ennyamgu ayitibwa ''mukubi w'amadinda''. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Xylophonist {{!}} Definition of Xylophonist by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Xylophonist |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-date=2020-12-07 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Lexico Dictionaries {{!}} English |language=en}}</ref></big> <big>Erinnya lino era likozesebwa nnyo okutegeeza ebivuga ebifaanagana eby’ekika kya [[:en:Lithophone|lithophone]] ne [[:en:Metallophone|metallophone]] . Okugeza, [[:en:Pixiphone|Pixiphone]] n’eby’okuzannyisa bingi ebifaananako bwe bityo ababikola bye baayogerako nga amadinda agalina ebyuma mu kifo ky'embaawo, era bwe kityo mu [[:en:Organology|lulimi lw'ebivuga]] bitwalibwa nga [[:en:Glockenspiel|glockenspiels]] mu kifo ky'amadinda.</big> == <big>Enzimba yaago</big> == <big>Amadinda ag'omulembe mu mawanga g'omu bugwanjuba galina embaawo eziva mu miti gya [[:en:Rosewood|rosewood]], [[:en:Padauk|padauk]], [[:en:Cocobolo|cocobolo]], oba ebintu eby’enjawulo ebikoleddwa nga [[:en:Fiberglass|fiberglass]] oba [[:en:Fibre-reinforced_plastic|fiberglass-reinforced plastic]] ebisobozesa eddoboozi okuba ery’amaanyi. <ref name="made">{{Cite web |title=How xylophone is made - manufacture, making, history, used, parts, composition, steps, History, Raw Materials |url=https://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.madehow.com}}</ref> Agamu gasobola okusaasanya amalobozi ku bugazi bwa 21/2 ag'omu bivvuliu go gagenda okutuuka bugazi bwa 31/2 oba 4. Okufaananako ne glockenspiel, amadinda [[:en:Transposing_instrument|kivuga ekiyimusa amaloboozi]]: ebitundu byakyo biwandiikibwa octave emu wansi w’ennukuta eziwulikika.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Translate page - Wikipedia |url=https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?from=en&page=Xylophone&targettitle=Amadinda&to=lg |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=lg.wikipedia.org |language=lg}}</ref></big> <big>Amadinga g'oku bivvulu galina [[:en:Resonators|obuuma obwongera ku maloboozi]] agavaamu wansi w’embaawo okutumbula obuwanvu bw'eddoboozi n’okulikuuma. Fuleemu zikolebwa mu mbaawo oba obuuma obutali bwa bbeeyi nnene: amadinga ag'ebbeeyi gaba m'ongeremu mu buwanvu era gaba g'ongeddwamu obunywevu ku ttaka. Mu nkola z'abayimbi endala bakozesa [[:en:Gourd|nsaasi]] <ref name="made2">{{Cite web |title=How xylophone is made - manufacture, making, history, used, parts, composition, steps, History, Raw Materials |url=https://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.madehow.com}}</ref> nga zeezikola mu kuyamba [[:en:Helmholtz_resonator|okwongera eddoboozi]]. Amadinga amalala gaba ga kika kya "trough" nga gaba ne'kituli kimu ekikola ku kwongeza amaloboozi eri obuuma bwonna. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=VIENNA SYMPHONIC LIBRARY > VIENNA ACADEMY > Percussion > Mallets > Xylophone > HISTORY |url=http://www.vsl.co.at/en/70/3196/3204/3205/5729.vsl |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808061925/http://www.vsl.co.at/en/70/3196/3204/3205/5729.vsl |archive-date=2012-08-08 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.vsl.co.at}}</ref> Enkola enkadde zaalimu okusengeka embaawo wamu ku , era, n’okutuusa kati kikolebwa n’okutuusa kati, okuteeka embaawo nga ziriraanaganye mu nsengeka eringa ey'amadaala. Obuti obugakuba edda bw'akolebwanga Ensigo ez’edda zaakolebwanga mu mbaawo z’omuti gwa willow nga ku nkomerero zazo kuliko ebibya ebiringa ekijiiko. <ref name="made2" /></big> '''<big>Obuti obukuba amadinda</big>''' <big>Amadinda galina okukubwa n'obuti bwa labba, polyball oba acrylic. Oluusi obuti bwa labba ali wakatikkati n'omugumu ennyo oba obw’obuwuzi bwe bikozesebwa okukola amaloboozi amagonvu. Amaloboozi amagonvu gasobola okukolebwa ku madinda nga bakozesa obuti obuliko emitwe egy’embaawo ezikoleddwa mu muti gwa rosewood, ebony, birch oba emiti emirala emigumu.</big> '''<big>Ebyafaayo by'ago</big>''' <big>Ekivuga kino kirina ensibuko y’edda etamanyiddwa. Nettl yagamba nti yasibuka mu bukiikaddyo bw’obuvanjuba bwa Asia n’ejja mu Afrika c. AD 500 ekibinja ky’abantu aboogera Oluaustronesia bwe baasenguka ne bagenda mu Afirica, ne bageraageranya ebibiina by’abakubi b'amadinda ab’omu Buvanjuba bwa Africa n’ebibiina by’abazannyi baago mu aba gamelan ab'e Javanese ne Balinese.<ref name="Nettl MPC">{{Cite web |date=2008-07-03 |title=Theory of Music |url=https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Theory of Music |language=en}}</ref> 1 . 18–19, 19 . 100 Endowooza eno yasoomoozebwa omukugu mu nnyimba z’amawanga era omukugu mu nnimi Roger Blench, nga agamba nti ensibuko eyetongodde ey'amadinda eri mu Africa, ng’awa, mu bujulizi obw’okuyiiya mu kitundu, ebifaananyi eby’enjawulo eby'amadinda ga Afirica n’ebika by'amadinda eby’enjawulo ennyo n’ebivuga ebiringa amadinda mu Afirica.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sub-Saharan African Instruments at the National Music Museum |url=http://orgs.usd.edu:80/nmm/Africa/SubSaharanAfrica.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20160315063731/http://orgs.usd.edu:80/nmm/Africa/SubSaharanAfrica.html |archive-date=2016-03-15 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=orgs.usd.edu}}</ref></big> '''<big>Amadinda g'omu Asia</big>''' <big>Obujulizi obwasooka ku madinda nti amatuufu gava mu kyasa eky’omwenda mu [[:en:Southeast_Asia|bukiikaddyo bw’obuvanjuba bwa Asia]], ate ekivuga eky’embaawo ekiwaniriddwa ekifaananako bwe kityo, ekika kya [[:en:Panharmonicon|harmonicon]], kigambibwa nti Vienna Symphonic Library yaliwo mu 2000 BC mu kitundu kati ekitundu ku nsi ya China. [[:en:Ranat_(musical_instrument)|Ekivuga]] ekiringa amadinda kyakozesebwa mu bitundu [[:en:Hindu|by’Abahindu]] (kashta tharang). Mu [[:en:Indonesia|Indonesia]], ebitundu bitono ebirina ekika kyabyo eky'amadinda. Mu [[:en:North_Sumatra|North Sumatra]], [[:en:Toba_Batak_people|Abantu b'e Toba Batak]] bakozesa amadinda ag'embaawo agamanyiddwa nga [[:en:Garantung|Garantung]] (ekiwandiikibwa nga: "garattung"). [[:en:Java|Java]] ne [[:en:Bali|Bali]] bakozesa amadinda (agayitibwa [[:en:Gambang_(instrument)|gambang]], [[:en:Rindik|Rindik]] ne [[:en:Tingklik|Tingklik]] ) mu nsengeka [[:en:Gamelan|za gamelan]] . gakyalina amakulu ag’ennono mu [[:en:Malaysia|Malaysia]], [[:en:Melanesia|Melanesia]], Indonesia, [[:en:Thailand|Thailand]], [[:en:Myanmar|Myanmar]], n’ebitundu by’America. Mu Myanmar, amadinda gamanyiddwa nga [[:en:Pattala|Pattala]] era mu bujjuvu ekolebwa mu mmuli.</big> '''<big>Amadinda ga Africa</big>''' Erinnya ''marimba'' era likozesebwa ku bivuga by'ennono eby'enjawulo nga ''[[balafon]]'' y'omu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa. Fbika ebyasooka by'akolebwanga nga birina obubaawo wamu n'[[ensaasi]]. <ref name=":0" /> Olubaawo lw'asookanga kw'okyebwako ku muliro eky'ayambanga okuluwa eddoboozi lye baabanga baagala. Akoongeza ekisumuluzo kaakolebwangako okuwa ekisumuluzo nga bayita mu kulonda n’obwegendereza sayizi yaako, okukyusakyusa obugazi bw'akamwa kaako nga bakozesa wasp wax n’okutereeza obuwanvu bw’ekisumuluzo okusukkako ku kongeza ekisumuluzo. Omukozi omukugu asobola okukola nga amaloboozi mawanvu mu ngeri eyeewuunyisa. Obuti obukozesebwa okukuba ebika bya ''dibinda'' ne ''mbila'' bulina emitwe egyakolebwa mu labba aggyiddwa mu kimera ekiranda eky'omu nsiko.<ref name="answers1">{{Cite web |title=Answers - The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions |url=https://www.answers.com/redirectSearch |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Answers |language=en}}</ref> endongo "ekwatagana " oba ekyukakyuka eri mu nvuga y'amadinda g'Obuvanjuba bwa Africa okugeza nga eya Makonde ''dimbila'', Yao ''mangolongondo'' oba Shirima ''mangwilo'' nga mu kino ''opachera'', eyasookanga [[:en:Call_and_response_(music)|okuyita]], yaddibwangamu omukubi omulala ayitibwa ''wakulela''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, ξύλον |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref> Kino kitera okukubisaamu emirundi ebiri omuli okuba [[rhythmic pulse]] ogw’amangu edda oguyinza n’okubeera awamu ne [[counter rhythm]] . '''Mbila''' Mbila (mu bungi "timbila") kika ekikwatagana n'abantu [[:en:Chopi_people|b'e Chopi]] ab'omu [[:en:Inhambane_Province|ssaza ly'e Inhambane]], mu bukiikaddyo bwa [[Mozambique]]. <ref name="answers12">{{Cite web |title=Answers - The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions |url=https://www.answers.com/redirectSearch |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Answers |language=en}}</ref> Tekirina kutabulwa na [[:en:Mbira|mbira]] . [[:en:Musical_genre|Omusono]] gw’onvuga yaago n'ennyimba eziyimbirwako kigireetera okuba nga y'enkola esinga okuba enzibu oba eyeekikugu kyokka nga esanngibwa mu bantu abatali baayivu bulungi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Xylophonist {{!}} Definition of Xylophonist by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Xylophonist |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-date=2020-12-07 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Lexico Dictionaries {{!}} English |language=en}}</ref> Amadinda gano ag'e [[:en:Mozambique|Mozambique]]<nowiki/>gakubibwa mu bibinja ebinene ku mazina amayiiye obulungi, oba oly'awo nga galaga emizannyo egikwata ku byafaayo. Ebibinja by'abazinnyi bibaamu amadinda agawera nga kkumi ag'obunene obwa sayizi ssatu oba nnya. Ekibiina ky’abayimbi ekijjuvu kiyinza okuba n'ebivuga bibiri ebya bass ebiyitibwa gulu nga biriko ebisumuluzo by’embaawo bisatu oba bina ebikubibwa nga bayimiridde nga bakozesa obuti obukuba obuzito obuliko emitwe gya labba emigumu, tenor dibinda ssatu, nga biriko ebisumuluzo kkumi era nga bikubibwa nga batudde, ne mbila yennyini, erimu ebisumuluzo ebituuka ku kkumi na mwenda nga ku bino okutuuka ku munaana biyinza okukubibwa omulundi gumu. Gulu ekozesa ensaasi, ate mbila ne dibinda Masala bakozesa bisusunku by’amakovu amatono nga ebyongeza ku maloboozi. Ziwerekera amazina n’ennyimba z'ennono empanvu ebiyitibwa ngomi oba mgodo era nga zirimu ebitundu by’ennyimba nga kkumi nga ziteereddwa mu bibinja 4 ez’enjawulo, nga biriko ‘oluyimba oba omuzannyo oba amazina agaggulawo’, mu [[:en:Tempo|kudduka kw'ebivuga bino]] n’emisono egy’enjawulo. Omukulembeze w’ekibiina aweereza ng’omutontomi, omuyimbi, ayimbisa banne [[:en:Performer|n’omuzannyi]], ng’akola ekiwandiiko, ayiiya [[:en:Melody|oluyimba]] nga mu ngeri emu lwekuusa ku [[:en:Tone_language|mpulikika y'olulimi]] lw'aba Chopi n’okuyiiya layini eyookubiri [[:en:Counterpoint|ey’okugatta emidigido]]. Abayimbi b’ekibiina kino [[:en:Improvisation|bayiiya]] ekitundu ku bitundu byabwe. Olwo omuyimbi yeebuuza ku muyiiya w'amazina ow'omukolo ogwo era enkyukakyuka ne zikolebwa. <ref name="Nettl MPC2">{{Cite web |date=2008-07-03 |title=Theory of Music |url=https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Theory of Music |language=en}}</ref> Ekisinga obuwanvu era ekisinga obukulu ku bino ye "Mzeno" eba egenda okubeeramu oluyimba olunyumya ku nsonga ey'omugaso mu kitundu oba n'okusaagira ku muntu omututumufu mu kitundu! <ref name="answers12" /> Abayimbi kuliko Eduardo Durão ne Venancio Mbande. <ref name="answers12" /> <ref>https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1</ref> <ref name=":02">https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?from=en&to=lg&targettitle=Amadinda&page=Xylophone#:~:text=View-,Romney%2C%20Jonathan%20(5%20March%201991).%20%22Timbila%20album%20review%22.%20Q%20Magazine.%2055%3A%2068.,-Issues</ref> '''<big>Gyil</big>''' Gyil (mu Lungereza: /ˈdʒɪlə, dʒiːl/) kye kika [[:en:Pentatonic|ekirina sayidi ettaano]] ky'ekivuga ekikozesebwa abantu aboogera olulimi lwa [[:en:Gur_languages|Gur]] mu [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]], [[:en:Burkina_Faso|Burkina Faso]], [[:en:Mali|Mali]] ne [[:en:Ivory_Coast|Ivory Coast]] mu [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]]. Gyil kye kivuga ekikulu eky'obuwangwa eky'abantu ba [[:en:Dagara_people|Dagara]]" ab'omu bukiikakkono bwa Ghana ne Burkina Faso, n'abantu [[:en:Lobi_people|Abalobi]] mu Ghana, abasangibwa mu bukiikaddyo bwa Burkina Faso, ne mu [[:en:Ivory_Coast|Ivory Coast]]. Ekivuga kino kikubibwa abatu babiribabiri, nga zigenda wamu n'ensaasi ezikolebwa mu ndeku nga ziyitibwa ''kuor''. Kisobola n'okukubibwa omuntu omu nga kugenderako engoma ekubibwa n'obuti, oba omuyimbi akulemberamu. Okukuba ekivuga kino nga kiri wamu n'ebyo kikubibwa nnyo mu nsonga z'ekinnansi mu nsonga z'okuziika mu bantu ba [[:en:Dagara_people|Dagara]]. Ekivuga kino kisinga kukubibwa basajja, nga bano bakiyiga bakyali bato, naye nga tekirina kukugira kwekuusa ku kikula. Enkola y'ekivuga kino efaananako n’eya ''Balaba'' oba [[:en:Balafon|Balafon]] ekikozesebwa abantu aboogera [[:en:Mande_languages|Olumande]] nga ba [[:en:Bambara_people|-Bambara]], [[:en:Dyula_people|Dyula]] n'aba [[:en:Sosso|Sosso]] mu bitundu eby'ewala mu Bugwanjuba mu bitundu by'Oukiikaddyo bwa [[:en:Mali|Mali]] n’obugwanjuba bwa [[:en:Burkina_Faso|Burkina Faso]], ekitundu ekirimu ennono nnyingi ez’ennyimba n’ez’omu bukiikakkono bwa Ivory Coast ne Ghana. Kikolebwa n’ebisumuluzo by’embaawo 14 eby’omuti omugumu ogw’omu Afirica oguyitibwa liga nga biteekebwa ku lubaawo nga wansi wabaayo [[:en:Calabash|ensaasi]] nga zirengejja. <ref name="Colter2008">{{Cite web |url=http://contexts.org/articles/winter-2008/harper/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-02-06 |archive-date=2008-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505053140/http://contexts.org/articles/winter-2008/harper/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ensaasi ziba n'obusaanikira obwa sirika nga bulinga ennyumba za nnabbubi obuyamba okuvaamu eddoboozo erisaala ne bakozesa eddiba ly'engabi okusiba okunyweza. <ref name="Colter2008" /> Ekivuga kino kikubiddwa n’obuti bw’embaawo obuliko emitwe gya labba. '''<big>Silimba</big>''' '''Silimba''' g'emadinda agakozesebwa ennyo mu bantu abayitibwa ab'aNkoya n'Abalozi ab'e [[:en:Barotseland|Barotseland]] mu bugwanjuba bwa [[:en:Zambia|Zambia]] . <ref name="ATracey History">https://web.archive.org/web/20170630191209/http://www.kalimba.co.za/old/marimbahistory.html</ref> Ebisumuluzo ebiteekeddwateekeddwa bisibibwa waggulu w'ensaasi ezivuga. <ref>http://www.zambiatourism.com/travel/hisgeopeop/people.htm</ref> Gano nga gamanyiddwa nga shinjimba mu ba Nkoya, nga gakubibwa ku Kazanga, omukolo gw’obwakabaka ogw’ennono ogw’Abankoya. Silimba kitundu kikulu nnyo mu nnono z’ennyimba z’obuwangwa ez’abantu [[:en:Lozi_people|b’e Lozi]] era osobola okugiwulira ku mukolo gw'abwe ogw’e [[:en:Kuomboka|Kuomboka]] ogutegekebwa buli mwaka. Silimba kati ekozesebwa mu bitundu bya Zambia ebisinga obungi. '''<big>Akadinda, amadinda ne mbaire</big>''' '''Akadinda,''' '''amadinda''' nga bwe gayitibwa mu luganda bivuga ebisibuka mu [[Buganda]], nga eyitibwa [[Yuganda|Uganda]] omulembe guno . <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist</ref> Amadinda gakolebwa galina emiti kkumineebiri nga gino gipangibwa ku kintu kya njuyi ttaano. Okusinga gakubibwa abantu basatu. Abakubi babiri batuula nga buli omu atunudde mu munne ne bakugakuba mu ngeri ekwatagana mu bwangu obwa waggulu. Tegaba na nsaasi oba ddoboozi lyonna lisaala, nga zino z'embeera ebbiri ez'amadinda mangi aga Afirica. <ref>https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1</ref> Amadinda kyali kivuga kikulu mu kkooti y’obwakabaka bwa Buganda, obwakabaka obusangibwa mu Uganda. Ekika [[:en:Musical_notation|ky’empulikika]] eky’enjawulo kati kikozesebwa ku madinda gano, nga kirimu ennamba n'ebiseera. <ref name="britannica1">http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/719112/African-music/57086/Interlocking#ref=ref519777</ref> nga bwe kiri ne ku madinda agayitibwa '''embaire''', nga kino kika ekisibuka mu bukiikaddyo bwa [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] . <ref name="britannica1" /> '''<big>Balo</big>''' '''''Balo''''' ( '''''balenjeh''''', '''''behlanjeh''''' ) kino kika ekikozesebwa mu [[:en:Mandinka_people|bantu b’e Mandinka]] mu bugwanjuba bwa Africa. Ebisumuluzo byakyo biteekebwa ku nsaasi, era kikubwa n'obuti nga bulina emitwe emikole mu labba. Abakubi bakyo batera okwambala mu ngalo obude obwekyuma ku mikono gyabwe busobole okuvaamu amaloboozi nga nwe bakuba. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070627205236/http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/1240</ref> '''<big>Amadinda G'abazungu</big>''' Amadinda okusooka okwogerwako mu Bulaaya kwali mu kitabo kya [[:en:Arnolt_Schlick|Arnolt Schlick]] ekya ''Spiegel der Orgelmacher und Organisten'' (1511), gye gyitibwa ''hültze glechter'' ("okuwuuma kw'embaawo"). <ref name="VSL">https://web.archive.org/web/20180430183151/https://www.vsl.co.at/en/Xylophone/History</ref> <ref name="Grove">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians</ref> Waliwo ennyinnyonnyola endala ezikwata ku kivuga kino, wadde ng'ekigambo "amadinda" tekyakozesebwa okutuuka mu myaka gya 1860. <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=7EYFAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA2-PA152</ref> Ekivuga kino kyali kikwatagana nnyo n'ennyimba z'ekinnansi ez'amasekkati ga Bulaaya, naddala mu Poland n'obuvanjuba bwa Bugirimaani. Ekika ekyasooka kyali mu [[:en:Slovakia|Slovakia]] <ref name="Nettl MPC3">https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/page/176/</ref> : 98. Ekivuga ekyali kisimbuddwa mu kkyo kyajjira mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070813000208/http://www.concertgoersguide.org/onstage/instruments/thexylophone.php</ref> Okusooka okukozesa amadinda mu kibiina ky'abayimbi n'abakubi b'ebivuga Abazungu kwali mu [[:en:Camille_Saint-Saëns|Camille Saint-Saëns]]’ ''[[:en:Danse_Macabre_(Saint-Saëns)|Danse Macabre]]'', mu 1874. <ref name="made3">http://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html</ref> Mu kiseera ekyo, ekivuga kino kyali ky'amanyizibwa dda [[:en:Josef_Gusikov|Michael Josef Gusikov]] okutuuka ku ddaala erimu, <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rainlore.demon.co.uk/Guzikow/GuzikowArchs.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-02-20 |archive-date=2006-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061230034331/http://www.rainlore.demon.co.uk/Guzikow/GuzikowArchs.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> nga ekivuga ekikye kyali ky'amadinda agaalina enkuubo ettaano agaakolebwa mu mbaawo 28 nga zisengekeddwa mu semitones mu ngeri ya trapezoid era nga zitudde ziwaniriddwa obuntu obulinda obuseke. Tewaaliwo byongera ku maloboozi era nga gakubibwa mangu n’obuti obwali bufaanana ng’ejiiko. Okusinziira ku mukugu mu by’ennyimba [[:en:Curt_Sachs|Curt Sachs]], Gusikov yayimbira mu bivvulu by’omu bifo awawummulirwa, mu ndaga ez’enjawulo, era ng’ekikolwa eky'enjawulo mu bivvulu eby'amaloboozi. Amadinda g'omu bazungu gaakozesebwanga bbandi za jjaazi ezaasooka, ne mu [[:en:Vaudeville|vaudeville]] . Eddoboozi ly'ago eriwulikika obulungi ly'akolanga bulungi mu nnyimba z’emyaka gya 1920 ne 1930. [[:en:Red_Norvo|Red Norvo]], George Cary, [[:en:George_Hamilton_Green|George Hamilton Green]], [[:en:Teddy_Brown|Teddy Brown]], Harry Breuer ne Harry Robbins be bamu ku bakubi baago abaali bamanyiddwa ennyo. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, wajjawo ekika ky'ekivuga ekyali ekiyitibwa metal-key [[:en:Vibraphone|vibraphone]], eky'agayitako mu kwatiikirira nga kino kyakolebwa mu myaka gya 1920. Ekika ky'amadinda oba xylophone gye gaagenda gakendeera gaafuuka marimba era ne gayitibwa [[:en:Xylorimba|xylorimba]] . Mu kugaba obubonero mu bivuga, xylophone esobola okwogerwako Abafalansa aba ''claquebois'', Abagirimaani aba ''Holzharmonika'' (mu bufunze "ekivuga eky'embaawo"), oba ''Silofono'' mu Yitale. <ref name="Grove2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Sadie</ref> [[:en:Dmitri_Shostakovich|Shostakovich]] yali ayagala nnyo ekivuga kino; kirina emirimu egy’amaanyi mu mirimu gye mingi, omuli n’ennyimba ze ezisinga obungi eza [[:en:Symphony|symphony]] ne [[:en:Cello_Concerto_No._2_(Shostakovich)|Cello Concerto No. 2]] ye. Xylophone era ekola kinene mu mazina ga [[:en:Aram_Khachaturian|Khachaturian]] aga [[:en:Sabre_Dance|Sabre Dance]] . Abazannyi ba xylophone ab’omulembe guno kuliko [[:en:Bob_Becker_(composer)|Bob Becker]], [[:en:Evelyn_Glennie|Evelyn Glennie]] ne Ian Finkel. Mu Amerika, waliyo bbandi za marimba ez’e Zimbabwe ezisinga obungi mu Pacific Northwest, Colorado, ne New Mexico, naye bbandi ziriyo okuva ku lubalama lw’ebugwanjuba okuyita mu California n’okutuuka e Hawaii ne Alaska. Omukolo omukulu mu ekitundu gwe gwa ZimFest, ekivvulu ky’ennyimba eky'abantu abava mu Zimbabwe ekitegekebwa buli mwaka. Bbandi zino zirina ebivuga okuva ku soprano eya waggulu, okutuuka ku soprano eya wansi, tenor, baritone ne bass. Eby'ongera ku maloboozi bitera okukolebwa nga birina obutuli obubikkiddwa ne cellophane omutono (efaananako ne [[:en:Balafon|balafon]] ) okusobola okutuuka ku ddoboozi erisaala. Amazina n'ennyimba n'ebiragibwa ebirala ebya bbandi za Amerika bitera okuba n’okukwatagana okunene, olw’okuba nga biva wa muntu omu omuyimbi Omuzimbabwe ayitibwa [[:en:Dumisani_Maraire|Dumisani Maraire]], eyali omuntu omukulu eyasooka okuleeta ennyimba ezo eza Zimbabwe mu mawanga g’Obugwanjuba, ng’ajja mu Yunivasite y’e Washington mu 1968. '''<big>Okukozesa kwago mu by’enjigiriza eby'awansi</big>''' [[Category:Buganda]] oa3l1eexe9b8qutp81fewycdf4gkdts 74326 74212 2026-09-09T16:37:13Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 de-wikilinked and wikilinked 74326 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Xylophone.jpg|right|thumb|Amadinda oba xylophone wamu n'obugakuba obw'enjawulo]]   <big>'''Amadinda oba Xylophone mu Lungereza''' ( mu lulimi Olu Greek olw’edda ξύλον<ref>{{Cite web |title=Xylophonist {{!}} Definition of Xylophonist by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Xylophonist |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-date=2020-12-07 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Lexico Dictionaries {{!}} English |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, ξύλον |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref> lit. ' <span class="gloss-text">eddoboozi ly'obubaawo</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> ) kino kivuga ekigwa mu ttuluba ly'ebivuga ebikolebwa mu emiti nga bikubibwa [[Obutungulu|obuti]] okuvaamu amaloboozi. Buli kabaawo kaba ddinda ly'anjawulo erikolebwa okusobola okuvaamu eddoboozi ery'enjawulo omuli erya pentatonic oba heptatonic mu mbeera y’ebivuga bingi eby’Afirica ne Asia, diatonic mu bivuga bingi eby’abaana ab’amawanga g’omubugwanjuba, oba chromatic okukozesebwa mu kibiina ky’abayimbi.</big> <big>Erinnya amadinda liyinza okukozesebwa okutwalira awamu, okuzingiramu ebivuga byonna ng’ebyo okugeza nga [[marimba]], [[balafon]] kwossa ne [[semantron]] . Naye mu kibiina ky’abayimbi, ekigambo madinda kitegeeza nnyo ekivuga ekivaamu eddoboozi ery'awaggulu erisingako katono ku buwanvu era nga gaba gakoleddwa [[embaawo]] enkalu okusinga marimba, era ebivuga bino ebibiri tebisaanidde kutabulwa. Omuntu akuba amadinda amanyiddwa nga ''xylophonist'' oba mu njogera ennyamgu ayitibwa ''mukubi w'amadinda''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Xylophonist {{!}} Definition of Xylophonist by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Xylophonist |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-date=2020-12-07 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Lexico Dictionaries {{!}} English |language=en}}</ref></big> <big>Erinnya lino era likozesebwa nnyo okutegeeza ebivuga ebifaanagana eby’ekika kya [[lithophone]] ne [[metallophone]] . Okugeza, [[Pixiphone]] n’eby’okuzannyisa bingi ebifaananako bwe bityo ababikola bye baayogerako nga amadinda agalina ebyuma mu kifo ky'embaawo, era bwe kityo mu lulimi lw'ebivuga bitwalibwa nga [[glockenspiels]] mu kifo ky'amadinda.</big> == <big>Enzimba yaago</big> == <big>Amadinda ag'omulembe mu mawanga g'omu bugwanjuba galina embaawo eziva mu miti gya [[rosewood]], [[padauk]], [[cocobolo]], oba ebintu eby’enjawulo ebikoleddwa nga [[fiberglass]] oba [[fiberglass-reinforced plastic]] ebisobozesa eddoboozi okuba ery’amaanyi.<ref name="made">{{Cite web |title=How xylophone is made - manufacture, making, history, used, parts, composition, steps, History, Raw Materials |url=https://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.madehow.com}}</ref> Agamu gasobola okusaasanya amalobozi ku bugazi bwa 21/2 ag'omu bivvuliu go gagenda okutuuka bugazi bwa 31/2 oba 4. Okufaananako ne glockenspiel, amadinda kivuga ekiyimusa amaloboozi: ebitundu byakyo biwandiikibwa octave emu wansi w’ennukuta eziwulikika.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Translate page - Wikipedia |url=https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?from=en&page=Xylophone&targettitle=Amadinda&to=lg |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=lg.wikipedia.org |language=lg}}</ref></big> <big>Amadinga g'oku bivvulu galina obuuma obwongera ku maloboozi agavaamu wansi w’embaawo okutumbula obuwanvu bw'eddoboozi n’okulikuuma. Fuleemu zikolebwa mu mbaawo oba obuuma obutali bwa bbeeyi nnene: amadinga ag'ebbeeyi gaba m'ongeremu mu buwanvu era gaba g'ongeddwamu obunywevu ku ttaka. Mu nkola z'abayimbi endala bakozesa [[nsaasi]]<ref name="made2">{{Cite web |title=How xylophone is made - manufacture, making, history, used, parts, composition, steps, History, Raw Materials |url=https://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.madehow.com}}</ref> nga zeezikola mu kuyamba okwongera eddoboozi. Amadinga amalala gaba ga kika kya "trough" nga gaba ne'kituli kimu ekikola ku kwongeza amaloboozi eri obuuma bwonna.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=VIENNA SYMPHONIC LIBRARY > VIENNA ACADEMY > Percussion > Mallets > Xylophone > HISTORY |url=http://www.vsl.co.at/en/70/3196/3204/3205/5729.vsl |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808061925/http://www.vsl.co.at/en/70/3196/3204/3205/5729.vsl |archive-date=2012-08-08 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.vsl.co.at}}</ref> Enkola enkadde zaalimu okusengeka embaawo wamu ku , era, n’okutuusa kati kikolebwa n’okutuusa kati, okuteeka embaawo nga ziriraanaganye mu nsengeka eringa ey'amadaala. Obuti obugakuba edda bw'akolebwanga Ensigo ez’edda zaakolebwanga mu mbaawo z’omuti gwa willow nga ku nkomerero zazo kuliko ebibya ebiringa ekijiiko.<ref name="made2" /></big> '''<big>Obuti obukuba amadinda</big>''' <big>Amadinda galina okukubwa n'obuti bwa labba, polyball oba acrylic. Oluusi obuti bwa labba ali wakatikkati n'omugumu ennyo oba obw’obuwuzi bwe bikozesebwa okukola amaloboozi amagonvu. Amaloboozi amagonvu gasobola okukolebwa ku madinda nga bakozesa obuti obuliko emitwe egy’embaawo ezikoleddwa mu muti gwa rosewood, ebony, birch oba emiti emirala emigumu.</big> '''<big>Ebyafaayo by'ago</big>''' <big>Ekivuga kino kirina ensibuko y’edda etamanyiddwa. Nettl yagamba nti yasibuka mu bukiikaddyo bw’obuvanjuba bwa Asia n’ejja mu Afrika c. AD 500 ekibinja ky’abantu aboogera Oluaustronesia bwe baasenguka ne bagenda mu Afirica, ne bageraageranya ebibiina by’abakubi b'amadinda ab’omu Buvanjuba bwa Africa n’ebibiina by’abazannyi baago mu aba gamelan ab'e Javanese ne Balinese.<ref name="Nettl MPC">{{Cite web |date=2008-07-03 |title=Theory of Music |url=https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Theory of Music |language=en}}</ref> 1 . 18–19, 19 . 100 Endowooza eno yasoomoozebwa omukugu mu nnyimba z’amawanga era omukugu mu nnimi Roger Blench, nga agamba nti ensibuko eyetongodde ey'amadinda eri mu Africa, ng’awa, mu bujulizi obw’okuyiiya mu kitundu, ebifaananyi eby’enjawulo eby'amadinda ga Afirica n’ebika by'amadinda eby’enjawulo ennyo n’ebivuga ebiringa amadinda mu Afirica.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sub-Saharan African Instruments at the National Music Museum |url=http://orgs.usd.edu:80/nmm/Africa/SubSaharanAfrica.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20160315063731/http://orgs.usd.edu:80/nmm/Africa/SubSaharanAfrica.html |archive-date=2016-03-15 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=orgs.usd.edu}}</ref></big> '''<big>Amadinda g'omu Asia</big>''' <big>Obujulizi obwasooka ku madinda nti amatuufu gava mu kyasa eky’omwenda mu [[bukiikaddyo bw’obuvanjuba bwa Asia]], ate ekivuga eky’embaawo ekiwaniriddwa ekifaananako bwe kityo, ekika kya [[harmonicon]], kigambibwa nti Vienna Symphonic Library yaliwo mu 2000 BC mu kitundu kati ekitundu ku nsi ya China. Ekivuga ekiringa amadinda kyakozesebwa mu bitundu [[by’Abahindu]] (kashta tharang). Mu [[Indonesia]], ebitundu bitono ebirina ekika kyabyo eky'amadinda. Mu [[North Sumatra]], [[Abantu b'e Toba Batak]] bakozesa amadinda ag'embaawo agamanyiddwa nga [[Garantung]] (ekiwandiikibwa nga: "garattung"). [[Java]] ne [[Bali]] bakozesa amadinda (agayitibwa [[gambang]], [[Rindik]] ne [[Tingklik]] ) mu nsengeka za [[Za gamelan|gamelan]] . gakyalina amakulu ag’ennono mu [[Malaysia]], [[Melanesia]], Indonesia, [[Thailand]], [[Myanmar]], n’ebitundu by’America. Mu Myanmar, amadinda gamanyiddwa nga [[:en:Pattala|Pattala]] era mu bujjuvu ekolebwa mu mmuli.</big> '''<big>Amadinda ga Africa</big>''' Erinnya ''marimba'' era likozesebwa ku bivuga by'ennono eby'enjawulo nga ''[[balafon]]'' y'omu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa. Fbika ebyasooka by'akolebwanga nga birina obubaawo wamu n'[[ensaasi]]. <ref name=":0" /> Olubaawo lw'asookanga kw'okyebwako ku muliro eky'ayambanga okuluwa eddoboozi lye baabanga baagala. Akoongeza ekisumuluzo kaakolebwangako okuwa ekisumuluzo nga bayita mu kulonda n’obwegendereza sayizi yaako, okukyusakyusa obugazi bw'akamwa kaako nga bakozesa wasp wax n’okutereeza obuwanvu bw’ekisumuluzo okusukkako ku kongeza ekisumuluzo. Omukozi omukugu asobola okukola nga amaloboozi mawanvu mu ngeri eyeewuunyisa. Obuti obukozesebwa okukuba ebika bya ''dibinda'' ne ''mbila'' bulina emitwe egyakolebwa mu labba aggyiddwa mu kimera ekiranda eky'omu nsiko.<ref name="answers1">{{Cite web |title=Answers - The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions |url=https://www.answers.com/redirectSearch |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Answers |language=en}}</ref> endongo "ekwatagana " oba ekyukakyuka eri mu nvuga y'amadinda g'Obuvanjuba bwa Africa okugeza nga eya Makonde ''dimbila'', Yao ''mangolongondo'' oba Shirima ''mangwilo'' nga mu kino ''opachera'', eyasookanga [[:en:Call_and_response_(music)|okuyita]], yaddibwangamu omukubi omulala ayitibwa ''wakulela''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, ξύλον |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref> Kino kitera okukubisaamu emirundi ebiri omuli okuba [[rhythmic pulse]] ogw’amangu edda oguyinza n’okubeera awamu ne [[counter rhythm]] . '''Mbila''' Mbila (mu bungi "timbila") kika ekikwatagana n'abantu [[:en:Chopi_people|b'e Chopi]] ab'omu [[:en:Inhambane_Province|ssaza ly'e Inhambane]], mu bukiikaddyo bwa [[Mozambique]]. <ref name="answers12">{{Cite web |title=Answers - The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions |url=https://www.answers.com/redirectSearch |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Answers |language=en}}</ref> Tekirina kutabulwa na [[:en:Mbira|mbira]] . [[:en:Musical_genre|Omusono]] gw’onvuga yaago n'ennyimba eziyimbirwako kigireetera okuba nga y'enkola esinga okuba enzibu oba eyeekikugu kyokka nga esanngibwa mu bantu abatali baayivu bulungi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Xylophonist {{!}} Definition of Xylophonist by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Xylophonist |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-date=2020-12-07 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Lexico Dictionaries {{!}} English |language=en}}</ref> Amadinda gano ag'e [[:en:Mozambique|Mozambique]]<nowiki/>gakubibwa mu bibinja ebinene ku mazina amayiiye obulungi, oba oly'awo nga galaga emizannyo egikwata ku byafaayo. Ebibinja by'abazinnyi bibaamu amadinda agawera nga kkumi ag'obunene obwa sayizi ssatu oba nnya. Ekibiina ky’abayimbi ekijjuvu kiyinza okuba n'ebivuga bibiri ebya bass ebiyitibwa gulu nga biriko ebisumuluzo by’embaawo bisatu oba bina ebikubibwa nga bayimiridde nga bakozesa obuti obukuba obuzito obuliko emitwe gya labba emigumu, tenor dibinda ssatu, nga biriko ebisumuluzo kkumi era nga bikubibwa nga batudde, ne mbila yennyini, erimu ebisumuluzo ebituuka ku kkumi na mwenda nga ku bino okutuuka ku munaana biyinza okukubibwa omulundi gumu. Gulu ekozesa ensaasi, ate mbila ne dibinda Masala bakozesa bisusunku by’amakovu amatono nga ebyongeza ku maloboozi. Ziwerekera amazina n’ennyimba z'ennono empanvu ebiyitibwa ngomi oba mgodo era nga zirimu ebitundu by’ennyimba nga kkumi nga ziteereddwa mu bibinja 4 ez’enjawulo, nga biriko ‘oluyimba oba omuzannyo oba amazina agaggulawo’, mu [[:en:Tempo|kudduka kw'ebivuga bino]] n’emisono egy’enjawulo. Omukulembeze w’ekibiina aweereza ng’omutontomi, omuyimbi, ayimbisa banne [[:en:Performer|n’omuzannyi]], ng’akola ekiwandiiko, ayiiya [[:en:Melody|oluyimba]] nga mu ngeri emu lwekuusa ku [[:en:Tone_language|mpulikika y'olulimi]] lw'aba Chopi n’okuyiiya layini eyookubiri [[:en:Counterpoint|ey’okugatta emidigido]]. Abayimbi b’ekibiina kino [[:en:Improvisation|bayiiya]] ekitundu ku bitundu byabwe. Olwo omuyimbi yeebuuza ku muyiiya w'amazina ow'omukolo ogwo era enkyukakyuka ne zikolebwa. <ref name="Nettl MPC2">{{Cite web |date=2008-07-03 |title=Theory of Music |url=https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Theory of Music |language=en}}</ref> Ekisinga obuwanvu era ekisinga obukulu ku bino ye "Mzeno" eba egenda okubeeramu oluyimba olunyumya ku nsonga ey'omugaso mu kitundu oba n'okusaagira ku muntu omututumufu mu kitundu! <ref name="answers12" /> Abayimbi kuliko Eduardo Durão ne Venancio Mbande. <ref name="answers12" /> <ref>https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1</ref> <ref name=":02">https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?from=en&to=lg&targettitle=Amadinda&page=Xylophone#:~:text=View-,Romney%2C%20Jonathan%20(5%20March%201991).%20%22Timbila%20album%20review%22.%20Q%20Magazine.%2055%3A%2068.,-Issues</ref> '''<big>Gyil</big>''' Gyil (mu Lungereza: /ˈdʒɪlə, dʒiːl/) kye kika [[:en:Pentatonic|ekirina sayidi ettaano]] ky'ekivuga ekikozesebwa abantu aboogera olulimi lwa [[:en:Gur_languages|Gur]] mu [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]], [[:en:Burkina_Faso|Burkina Faso]], [[:en:Mali|Mali]] ne [[:en:Ivory_Coast|Ivory Coast]] mu [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]]. Gyil kye kivuga ekikulu eky'obuwangwa eky'abantu ba [[:en:Dagara_people|Dagara]]" ab'omu bukiikakkono bwa Ghana ne Burkina Faso, n'abantu [[:en:Lobi_people|Abalobi]] mu Ghana, abasangibwa mu bukiikaddyo bwa Burkina Faso, ne mu [[:en:Ivory_Coast|Ivory Coast]]. Ekivuga kino kikubibwa abatu babiribabiri, nga zigenda wamu n'ensaasi ezikolebwa mu ndeku nga ziyitibwa ''kuor''. Kisobola n'okukubibwa omuntu omu nga kugenderako engoma ekubibwa n'obuti, oba omuyimbi akulemberamu. Okukuba ekivuga kino nga kiri wamu n'ebyo kikubibwa nnyo mu nsonga z'ekinnansi mu nsonga z'okuziika mu bantu ba [[:en:Dagara_people|Dagara]]. Ekivuga kino kisinga kukubibwa basajja, nga bano bakiyiga bakyali bato, naye nga tekirina kukugira kwekuusa ku kikula. Enkola y'ekivuga kino efaananako n’eya ''Balaba'' oba [[:en:Balafon|Balafon]] ekikozesebwa abantu aboogera [[:en:Mande_languages|Olumande]] nga ba [[:en:Bambara_people|-Bambara]], [[:en:Dyula_people|Dyula]] n'aba [[:en:Sosso|Sosso]] mu bitundu eby'ewala mu Bugwanjuba mu bitundu by'Oukiikaddyo bwa [[:en:Mali|Mali]] n’obugwanjuba bwa [[:en:Burkina_Faso|Burkina Faso]], ekitundu ekirimu ennono nnyingi ez’ennyimba n’ez’omu bukiikakkono bwa Ivory Coast ne Ghana. Kikolebwa n’ebisumuluzo by’embaawo 14 eby’omuti omugumu ogw’omu Afirica oguyitibwa liga nga biteekebwa ku lubaawo nga wansi wabaayo [[:en:Calabash|ensaasi]] nga zirengejja. <ref name="Colter2008">{{Cite web |url=http://contexts.org/articles/winter-2008/harper/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-02-06 |archive-date=2008-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505053140/http://contexts.org/articles/winter-2008/harper/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ensaasi ziba n'obusaanikira obwa sirika nga bulinga ennyumba za nnabbubi obuyamba okuvaamu eddoboozo erisaala ne bakozesa eddiba ly'engabi okusiba okunyweza. <ref name="Colter2008" /> Ekivuga kino kikubiddwa n’obuti bw’embaawo obuliko emitwe gya labba. '''<big>Silimba</big>''' '''Silimba''' g'emadinda agakozesebwa ennyo mu bantu abayitibwa ab'aNkoya n'Abalozi ab'e [[:en:Barotseland|Barotseland]] mu bugwanjuba bwa [[:en:Zambia|Zambia]] . <ref name="ATracey History">https://web.archive.org/web/20170630191209/http://www.kalimba.co.za/old/marimbahistory.html</ref> Ebisumuluzo ebiteekeddwateekeddwa bisibibwa waggulu w'ensaasi ezivuga. <ref>http://www.zambiatourism.com/travel/hisgeopeop/people.htm</ref> Gano nga gamanyiddwa nga shinjimba mu ba Nkoya, nga gakubibwa ku Kazanga, omukolo gw’obwakabaka ogw’ennono ogw’Abankoya. Silimba kitundu kikulu nnyo mu nnono z’ennyimba z’obuwangwa ez’abantu [[:en:Lozi_people|b’e Lozi]] era osobola okugiwulira ku mukolo gw'abwe ogw’e [[:en:Kuomboka|Kuomboka]] ogutegekebwa buli mwaka. Silimba kati ekozesebwa mu bitundu bya Zambia ebisinga obungi. '''<big>Akadinda, amadinda ne mbaire</big>''' '''Akadinda,''' '''amadinda''' nga bwe gayitibwa mu luganda bivuga ebisibuka mu [[Buganda]], nga eyitibwa [[Yuganda|Uganda]] omulembe guno . <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist</ref> Amadinda gakolebwa galina emiti kkumineebiri nga gino gipangibwa ku kintu kya njuyi ttaano. Okusinga gakubibwa abantu basatu. Abakubi babiri batuula nga buli omu atunudde mu munne ne bakugakuba mu ngeri ekwatagana mu bwangu obwa waggulu. Tegaba na nsaasi oba ddoboozi lyonna lisaala, nga zino z'embeera ebbiri ez'amadinda mangi aga Afirica. <ref>https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1</ref> Amadinda kyali kivuga kikulu mu kkooti y’obwakabaka bwa Buganda, obwakabaka obusangibwa mu Uganda. Ekika [[:en:Musical_notation|ky’empulikika]] eky’enjawulo kati kikozesebwa ku madinda gano, nga kirimu ennamba n'ebiseera. <ref name="britannica1">http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/719112/African-music/57086/Interlocking#ref=ref519777</ref> nga bwe kiri ne ku madinda agayitibwa '''embaire''', nga kino kika ekisibuka mu bukiikaddyo bwa [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] . <ref name="britannica1" /> '''<big>Balo</big>''' '''''Balo''''' ( '''''balenjeh''''', '''''behlanjeh''''' ) kino kika ekikozesebwa mu [[:en:Mandinka_people|bantu b’e Mandinka]] mu bugwanjuba bwa Africa. Ebisumuluzo byakyo biteekebwa ku nsaasi, era kikubwa n'obuti nga bulina emitwe emikole mu labba. Abakubi bakyo batera okwambala mu ngalo obude obwekyuma ku mikono gyabwe busobole okuvaamu amaloboozi nga nwe bakuba. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070627205236/http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/1240</ref> '''<big>Amadinda G'abazungu</big>''' Amadinda okusooka okwogerwako mu Bulaaya kwali mu kitabo kya [[:en:Arnolt_Schlick|Arnolt Schlick]] ekya ''Spiegel der Orgelmacher und Organisten'' (1511), gye gyitibwa ''hültze glechter'' ("okuwuuma kw'embaawo"). <ref name="VSL">https://web.archive.org/web/20180430183151/https://www.vsl.co.at/en/Xylophone/History</ref> <ref name="Grove">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians</ref> Waliwo ennyinnyonnyola endala ezikwata ku kivuga kino, wadde ng'ekigambo "amadinda" tekyakozesebwa okutuuka mu myaka gya 1860. <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=7EYFAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA2-PA152</ref> Ekivuga kino kyali kikwatagana nnyo n'ennyimba z'ekinnansi ez'amasekkati ga Bulaaya, naddala mu Poland n'obuvanjuba bwa Bugirimaani. Ekika ekyasooka kyali mu [[:en:Slovakia|Slovakia]] <ref name="Nettl MPC3">https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/page/176/</ref> : 98. Ekivuga ekyali kisimbuddwa mu kkyo kyajjira mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070813000208/http://www.concertgoersguide.org/onstage/instruments/thexylophone.php</ref> Okusooka okukozesa amadinda mu kibiina ky'abayimbi n'abakubi b'ebivuga Abazungu kwali mu [[:en:Camille_Saint-Saëns|Camille Saint-Saëns]]’ ''[[:en:Danse_Macabre_(Saint-Saëns)|Danse Macabre]]'', mu 1874. <ref name="made3">http://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html</ref> Mu kiseera ekyo, ekivuga kino kyali ky'amanyizibwa dda [[:en:Josef_Gusikov|Michael Josef Gusikov]] okutuuka ku ddaala erimu, <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rainlore.demon.co.uk/Guzikow/GuzikowArchs.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-02-20 |archive-date=2006-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061230034331/http://www.rainlore.demon.co.uk/Guzikow/GuzikowArchs.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> nga ekivuga ekikye kyali ky'amadinda agaalina enkuubo ettaano agaakolebwa mu mbaawo 28 nga zisengekeddwa mu semitones mu ngeri ya trapezoid era nga zitudde ziwaniriddwa obuntu obulinda obuseke. Tewaaliwo byongera ku maloboozi era nga gakubibwa mangu n’obuti obwali bufaanana ng’ejiiko. Okusinziira ku mukugu mu by’ennyimba [[:en:Curt_Sachs|Curt Sachs]], Gusikov yayimbira mu bivvulu by’omu bifo awawummulirwa, mu ndaga ez’enjawulo, era ng’ekikolwa eky'enjawulo mu bivvulu eby'amaloboozi. Amadinda g'omu bazungu gaakozesebwanga bbandi za jjaazi ezaasooka, ne mu [[:en:Vaudeville|vaudeville]] . Eddoboozi ly'ago eriwulikika obulungi ly'akolanga bulungi mu nnyimba z’emyaka gya 1920 ne 1930. [[:en:Red_Norvo|Red Norvo]], George Cary, [[:en:George_Hamilton_Green|George Hamilton Green]], [[:en:Teddy_Brown|Teddy Brown]], Harry Breuer ne Harry Robbins be bamu ku bakubi baago abaali bamanyiddwa ennyo. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, wajjawo ekika ky'ekivuga ekyali ekiyitibwa metal-key [[:en:Vibraphone|vibraphone]], eky'agayitako mu kwatiikirira nga kino kyakolebwa mu myaka gya 1920. Ekika ky'amadinda oba xylophone gye gaagenda gakendeera gaafuuka marimba era ne gayitibwa [[:en:Xylorimba|xylorimba]] . Mu kugaba obubonero mu bivuga, xylophone esobola okwogerwako Abafalansa aba ''claquebois'', Abagirimaani aba ''Holzharmonika'' (mu bufunze "ekivuga eky'embaawo"), oba ''Silofono'' mu Yitale. <ref name="Grove2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Sadie</ref> [[:en:Dmitri_Shostakovich|Shostakovich]] yali ayagala nnyo ekivuga kino; kirina emirimu egy’amaanyi mu mirimu gye mingi, omuli n’ennyimba ze ezisinga obungi eza [[:en:Symphony|symphony]] ne [[:en:Cello_Concerto_No._2_(Shostakovich)|Cello Concerto No. 2]] ye. Xylophone era ekola kinene mu mazina ga [[:en:Aram_Khachaturian|Khachaturian]] aga [[:en:Sabre_Dance|Sabre Dance]] . Abazannyi ba xylophone ab’omulembe guno kuliko [[:en:Bob_Becker_(composer)|Bob Becker]], [[:en:Evelyn_Glennie|Evelyn Glennie]] ne Ian Finkel. Mu Amerika, waliyo bbandi za marimba ez’e Zimbabwe ezisinga obungi mu Pacific Northwest, Colorado, ne New Mexico, naye bbandi ziriyo okuva ku lubalama lw’ebugwanjuba okuyita mu California n’okutuuka e Hawaii ne Alaska. Omukolo omukulu mu ekitundu gwe gwa ZimFest, ekivvulu ky’ennyimba eky'abantu abava mu Zimbabwe ekitegekebwa buli mwaka. Bbandi zino zirina ebivuga okuva ku soprano eya waggulu, okutuuka ku soprano eya wansi, tenor, baritone ne bass. Eby'ongera ku maloboozi bitera okukolebwa nga birina obutuli obubikkiddwa ne cellophane omutono (efaananako ne [[:en:Balafon|balafon]] ) okusobola okutuuka ku ddoboozi erisaala. Amazina n'ennyimba n'ebiragibwa ebirala ebya bbandi za Amerika bitera okuba n’okukwatagana okunene, olw’okuba nga biva wa muntu omu omuyimbi Omuzimbabwe ayitibwa [[:en:Dumisani_Maraire|Dumisani Maraire]], eyali omuntu omukulu eyasooka okuleeta ennyimba ezo eza Zimbabwe mu mawanga g’Obugwanjuba, ng’ajja mu Yunivasite y’e Washington mu 1968. '''<big>Okukozesa kwago mu by’enjigiriza eby'awansi</big>''' [[Category:Buganda]] 4ia6d9uv567i670c2hbeiy2of4f4cb4 74328 74326 2026-09-09T16:41:12Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations and spellings and de-wikilinked 74328 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Xylophone.jpg|right|thumb|Amadinda oba xylophone wamu n'obugakuba obw'enjawulo]]   <small>'''Amadinda oba Xylophone mu Lungereza''' ( mu lulimi Olu Greek olw’edda ξύλον<ref>{{Cite web |title=Xylophonist {{!}} Definition of Xylophonist by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Xylophonist |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-date=2020-12-07 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Lexico Dictionaries {{!}} English |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, ξύλον |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref> lit. ' <span class="gloss-text">eddoboozi ly'obubaawo</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> ) kino kivuga ekigwa mu ttuluba ly'ebivuga ebikolebwa mu emiti nga bikubibwa [[Obutungulu|obuti]] okuvaamu amaloboozi. Buli kabaawo kaba ddinda ly'anjawulo erikolebwa okusobola okuvaamu eddoboozi ery'enjawulo omuli erya pentatonic oba heptatonic mu mbeera y’ebivuga bingi eby’Afirica ne Asia, diatonic mu bivuga bingi eby’abaana ab’amawanga g’omubugwanjuba, oba chromatic okukozesebwa mu kibiina ky’abayimbi.</small> <small>Erinnya amadinda liyinza okukozesebwa okutwalira awamu, okuzingiramu ebivuga byonna ng’ebyo okugeza nga [[marimba]], [[balafon]] kwossa ne [[semantron]] . Naye mu kibiina ky’abayimbi, ekigambo madinda kitegeeza nnyo ekivuga ekivaamu eddoboozi ery'awaggulu erisingako katono ku buwanvu era nga gaba gakoleddwa [[embaawo]] enkalu okusinga marimba, era ebivuga bino ebibiri tebisaanidde kutabulwa. Omuntu akuba amadinda amanyiddwa nga ''xylophonist'' oba mu njogera ennyamgu ayitibwa ''mukubi w'amadinda''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Xylophonist {{!}} Definition of Xylophonist by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Xylophonist |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-date=2020-12-07 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Lexico Dictionaries {{!}} English |language=en}}</ref></small> <small>Erinnya lino era likozesebwa nnyo okutegeeza ebivuga ebifaanagana eby’ekika kya [[lithophone]] ne [[metallophone]] . Okugeza, [[Pixiphone]] n’eby’okuzannyisa bingi ebifaananako bwe bityo ababikola bye baayogerako nga amadinda agalina ebyuma mu kifo ky'embaawo, era bwe kityo mu lulimi lw'ebivuga bitwalibwa nga [[glockenspiels]] mu kifo ky'amadinda.</small> == <small>Enzimba yaago</small> == <small>Amadinda ag'omulembe mu mawanga g'omu bugwanjuba galina embaawo eziva mu miti gya [[rosewood]], [[padauk]], [[cocobolo]], oba ebintu eby’enjawulo ebikoleddwa nga [[fiberglass]] oba [[fiberglass-reinforced plastic]] ebisobozesa eddoboozi okuba ery’amaanyi.<ref name="made">{{Cite web |title=How xylophone is made - manufacture, making, history, used, parts, composition, steps, History, Raw Materials |url=https://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.madehow.com}}</ref> Agamu gasobola okusaasanya amalobozi ku bugazi bwa 21/2 ag'omu bivvuliu go gagenda okutuuka bugazi bwa 31/2 oba 4. Okufaananako ne glockenspiel, amadinda kivuga ekiyimusa amaloboozi: ebitundu byakyo biwandiikibwa octave emu wansi w’ennukuta eziwulikika.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Translate page - Wikipedia |url=https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?from=en&page=Xylophone&targettitle=Amadinda&to=lg |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=lg.wikipedia.org |language=lg}}</ref></small> <small>Amadinga g'oku bivvulu galina obuuma obwongera ku maloboozi agavaamu wansi w’embaawo okutumbula obuwanvu bw'eddoboozi n’okulikuuma. Fuleemu zikolebwa mu mbaawo oba obuuma obutali bwa bbeeyi nnene: amadinga ag'ebbeeyi gaba m'ongeremu mu buwanvu era gaba g'ongeddwamu obunywevu ku ttaka. Mu nkola z'abayimbi endala bakozesa [[nsaasi]]<ref name="made2">{{Cite web |title=How xylophone is made - manufacture, making, history, used, parts, composition, steps, History, Raw Materials |url=https://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.madehow.com}}</ref> nga zeezikola mu kuyamba okwongera eddoboozi. Amadinga amalala gaba ga kika kya "trough" nga gaba ne'kituli kimu ekikola ku kwongeza amaloboozi eri obuuma bwonna.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=VIENNA SYMPHONIC LIBRARY > VIENNA ACADEMY > Percussion > Mallets > Xylophone > HISTORY |url=http://www.vsl.co.at/en/70/3196/3204/3205/5729.vsl |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808061925/http://www.vsl.co.at/en/70/3196/3204/3205/5729.vsl |archive-date=2012-08-08 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.vsl.co.at}}</ref> Enkola enkadde zaalimu okusengeka embaawo wamu ku , era, n’okutuusa kati kikolebwa n’okutuusa kati, okuteeka embaawo nga ziriraanaganye mu nsengeka eringa ey'amadaala. Obuti obugakuba edda bw'akolebwanga Ensigo ez’edda zaakolebwanga mu mbaawo z’omuti gwa willow nga ku nkomerero zazo kuliko ebibya ebiringa ekijiiko.<ref name="made2" /></small> '''<small>Obuti obukuba amadinda</small>''' <small>Amadinda galina okukubwa n'obuti bwa labba, polyball oba acrylic. Oluusi obuti bwa labba ali wakatikkati n'omugumu ennyo oba obw’obuwuzi bwe bikozesebwa okukola amaloboozi amagonvu. Amaloboozi amagonvu gasobola okukolebwa ku madinda nga bakozesa obuti obuliko emitwe egy’embaawo ezikoleddwa mu muti gwa rosewood, ebony, birch oba emiti emirala emigumu.</small> '''<small>Ebyafaayo by'ago</small>''' <small>Ekivuga kino kirina ensibuko y’edda etamanyiddwa. Nettl yagamba nti yasibuka mu bukiikaddyo bw’obuvanjuba bwa Asia n’ejja mu Afrika c. AD 500 ekibinja ky’abantu aboogera Oluaustronesia bwe baasenguka ne bagenda mu Afirica, ne bageraageranya ebibiina by’abakubi b'amadinda ab’omu Buvanjuba bwa Africa n’ebibiina by’abazannyi baago mu aba gamelan ab'e Javanese ne Balinese.<ref name="Nettl MPC">{{Cite web |date=2008-07-03 |title=Theory of Music |url=https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Theory of Music |language=en}}</ref> 1 . 18–19, 19 . 100 Endowooza eno yasoomoozebwa omukugu mu nnyimba z’amawanga era omukugu mu nnimi Roger Blench, nga agamba nti ensibuko eyetongodde ey'amadinda eri mu Africa, ng’awa, mu bujulizi obw’okuyiiya mu kitundu, ebifaananyi eby’enjawulo eby'amadinda ga Afirica n’ebika by'amadinda eby’enjawulo ennyo n’ebivuga ebiringa amadinda mu Afirica.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sub-Saharan African Instruments at the National Music Museum |url=http://orgs.usd.edu:80/nmm/Africa/SubSaharanAfrica.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20160315063731/http://orgs.usd.edu:80/nmm/Africa/SubSaharanAfrica.html |archive-date=2016-03-15 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=orgs.usd.edu}}</ref></small> '''<small>Amadinda g'omu Asia</small>''' <small>Obujulizi obwasooka ku madinda nti amatuufu gava mu kyasa eky’omwenda mu [[bukiikaddyo bw’obuvanjuba bwa Asia]], ate ekivuga eky’embaawo ekiwaniriddwa ekifaananako bwe kityo, ekika kya [[harmonicon]], kigambibwa nti Vienna Symphonic Library yaliwo mu 2000 BC mu kitundu kati ekitundu ku nsi ya China. Ekivuga ekiringa amadinda kyakozesebwa mu bitundu [[by’Abahindu]] (kashta tharang). Mu [[Indonesia]], ebitundu bitono ebirina ekika kyabyo eky'amadinda. Mu [[North Sumatra]], [[Abantu b'e Toba Batak]] bakozesa amadinda ag'embaawo agamanyiddwa nga [[Garantung]] (ekiwandiikibwa nga: "garattung"). [[Java]] ne [[Bali]] bakozesa amadinda (agayitibwa [[gambang]], [[Rindik]] ne [[Tingklik]] ) mu nsengeka za [[Za gamelan|gamelan]] . gakyalina amakulu ag’ennono mu [[Malaysia]], [[Melanesia]], Indonesia, [[Thailand]], [[Myanmar]], n’ebitundu by’America. Mu Myanmar, amadinda gamanyiddwa nga [[Pattala]] era mu bujjuvu ekolebwa mu mmuli.</small> '''<small>Amadinda ga Africa</small>''' Erinnya ''marimba'' era likozesebwa ku bivuga by'ennono eby'enjawulo nga ''[[balafon]]'' y'omu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa. Fbika ebyasooka by'akolebwanga nga birina obubaawo wamu n'[[ensaasi]]. <ref name=":0" /> Olubaawo lw'asookanga kw'okyebwako ku muliro eky'ayambanga okuluwa eddoboozi lye baabanga baagala. Akoongeza ekisumuluzo kaakolebwangako okuwa ekisumuluzo nga bayita mu kulonda n’obwegendereza sayizi yaako, okukyusakyusa obugazi bw'akamwa kaako nga bakozesa wasp wax n’okutereeza obuwanvu bw’ekisumuluzo okusukkako ku kongeza ekisumuluzo. Omukozi omukugu asobola okukola nga amaloboozi mawanvu mu ngeri eyeewuunyisa. Obuti obukozesebwa okukuba ebika bya ''dibinda'' ne ''mbila'' bulina emitwe egyakolebwa mu labba aggyiddwa mu kimera ekiranda eky'omu nsiko.<ref name="answers1">{{Cite web |title=Answers - The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions |url=https://www.answers.com/redirectSearch |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Answers |language=en}}</ref> endongo "ekwatagana " oba ekyukakyuka eri mu nvuga y'amadinda g'Obuvanjuba bwa Africa okugeza nga eya Makonde ''dimbila'', Yao ''mangolongondo'' oba Shirima ''mangwilo'' nga mu kino ''opachera'', eyasookanga [[okuyita]], yaddibwangamu omukubi omulala ayitibwa ''wakulela''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, ξύλον |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref> Kino kitera okukubisaamu emirundi ebiri omuli okuba [[rhythmic pulse]] ogw’amangu edda oguyinza n’okubeera awamu ne [[counter rhythm]] . '''Mbila''' Mbila (mu bungi "timbila") kika ekikwatagana n'abantu b'e [[Chopi]] ab'omu ssaza ly'e Inhambane, mu bukiikaddyo bwa [[Mozambique]]. <ref name="answers12">{{Cite web |title=Answers - The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions |url=https://www.answers.com/redirectSearch |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Answers |language=en}}</ref> Tekirina kutabulwa na [[mbira]]. [[Omusono]] gw’onvuga yaago n'ennyimba eziyimbirwako kigireetera okuba nga y'enkola esinga okuba enzibu oba eyeekikugu kyokka nga esanngibwa mu bantu abatali baayivu bulungi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Xylophonist {{!}} Definition of Xylophonist by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Xylophonist |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-date=2020-12-07 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Lexico Dictionaries {{!}} English |language=en}}</ref> Amadinda gano ag'e [[:en:Mozambique|Mozambique]] gakubibwa mu bibinja ebinene ku mazina amayiiye obulungi, oba oly'awo nga galaga emizannyo egikwata ku byafaayo. Ebibinja by'abazinnyi bibaamu amadinda agawera nga kkumi ag'obunene obwa sayizi ssatu oba nnya. Ekibiina ky’abayimbi ekijjuvu kiyinza okuba n'ebivuga bibiri ebya bass ebiyitibwa gulu nga biriko ebisumuluzo by’embaawo bisatu oba bina ebikubibwa nga bayimiridde nga bakozesa obuti obukuba obuzito obuliko emitwe gya labba emigumu, tenor dibinda ssatu, nga biriko ebisumuluzo kkumi era nga bikubibwa nga batudde, ne mbila yennyini, erimu ebisumuluzo ebituuka ku kkumi na mwenda nga ku bino okutuuka ku munaana biyinza okukubibwa omulundi gumu. Gulu ekozesa ensaasi, ate mbila ne dibinda Masala bakozesa bisusunku by’amakovu amatono nga ebyongeza ku maloboozi. Ziwerekera amazina n’ennyimba z'ennono empanvu ebiyitibwa ngomi oba mgodo era nga zirimu ebitundu by’ennyimba nga kkumi nga ziteereddwa mu bibinja 4 ez’enjawulo, nga biriko ‘oluyimba oba omuzannyo oba amazina agaggulawo’, mu [[kudduka kw'ebivuga bino]] n’emisono egy’enjawulo. Omukulembeze w’ekibiina aweereza ng’omutontomi, omuyimbi, ayimbisa banne [[n’omuzannyi]], ng’akola ekiwandiiko, ayiiya oluyimba nga mu ngeri emu lwekuusa ku mpulikika y'olulimi lw'aba Chopi n’okuyiiya layini eyookubiri ey’okugatta emidigido. Abayimbi b’ekibiina kino bayiiya ekitundu ku bitundu byabwe. Olwo omuyimbi yeebuuza ku muyiiya w'amazina ow'omukolo ogwo era enkyukakyuka ne zikolebwa.<ref name="Nettl MPC2">{{Cite web |date=2008-07-03 |title=Theory of Music |url=https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Theory of Music |language=en}}</ref> Ekisinga obuwanvu era ekisinga obukulu ku bino ye "Mzeno" eba egenda okubeeramu oluyimba olunyumya ku nsonga ey'omugaso mu kitundu oba n'okusaagira ku muntu omututumufu mu kitundu! <ref name="answers12" /> Abayimbi kuliko Eduardo Durão ne Venancio Mbande.<ref name="answers12" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, ξύλον |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref><ref name=":02">https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?from=en&to=lg&targettitle=Amadinda&page=Xylophone#:~:text=View-,Romney%2C%20Jonathan%20(5%20March%201991).%20%22Timbila%20album%20review%22.%20Q%20Magazine.%2055%3A%2068.,-Issues</ref> '''<big>Gyil</big>''' Gyil (mu Lungereza: /ˈdʒɪlə, dʒiːl/) kye kika [[ekirina sayidi ettaano]] ky'ekivuga ekikozesebwa abantu aboogera olulimi lwa [[:en:Gur_languages|Gur]] mu [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]], [[:en:Burkina_Faso|Burkina Faso]], [[:en:Mali|Mali]] ne [[:en:Ivory_Coast|Ivory Coast]] mu [[:en:West_Africa|West Africa]]. Gyil kye kivuga ekikulu eky'obuwangwa eky'abantu ba [[:en:Dagara_people|Dagara]]" ab'omu bukiikakkono bwa Ghana ne Burkina Faso, n'abantu [[:en:Lobi_people|Abalobi]] mu Ghana, abasangibwa mu bukiikaddyo bwa Burkina Faso, ne mu [[:en:Ivory_Coast|Ivory Coast]]. Ekivuga kino kikubibwa abatu babiribabiri, nga zigenda wamu n'ensaasi ezikolebwa mu ndeku nga ziyitibwa ''kuor''. Kisobola n'okukubibwa omuntu omu nga kugenderako engoma ekubibwa n'obuti, oba omuyimbi akulemberamu. Okukuba ekivuga kino nga kiri wamu n'ebyo kikubibwa nnyo mu nsonga z'ekinnansi mu nsonga z'okuziika mu bantu ba [[:en:Dagara_people|Dagara]]. Ekivuga kino kisinga kukubibwa basajja, nga bano bakiyiga bakyali bato, naye nga tekirina kukugira kwekuusa ku kikula. Enkola y'ekivuga kino efaananako n’eya ''Balaba'' oba [[:en:Balafon|Balafon]] ekikozesebwa abantu aboogera [[:en:Mande_languages|Olumande]] nga ba [[:en:Bambara_people|-Bambara]], [[:en:Dyula_people|Dyula]] n'aba [[:en:Sosso|Sosso]] mu bitundu eby'ewala mu Bugwanjuba mu bitundu by'Oukiikaddyo bwa [[:en:Mali|Mali]] n’obugwanjuba bwa [[:en:Burkina_Faso|Burkina Faso]], ekitundu ekirimu ennono nnyingi ez’ennyimba n’ez’omu bukiikakkono bwa Ivory Coast ne Ghana. Kikolebwa n’ebisumuluzo by’embaawo 14 eby’omuti omugumu ogw’omu Afirica oguyitibwa liga nga biteekebwa ku lubaawo nga wansi wabaayo [[:en:Calabash|ensaasi]] nga zirengejja. <ref name="Colter2008">{{Cite web |url=http://contexts.org/articles/winter-2008/harper/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-02-06 |archive-date=2008-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505053140/http://contexts.org/articles/winter-2008/harper/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ensaasi ziba n'obusaanikira obwa sirika nga bulinga ennyumba za nnabbubi obuyamba okuvaamu eddoboozo erisaala ne bakozesa eddiba ly'engabi okusiba okunyweza. <ref name="Colter2008" /> Ekivuga kino kikubiddwa n’obuti bw’embaawo obuliko emitwe gya labba. '''<big>Silimba</big>''' '''Silimba''' g'emadinda agakozesebwa ennyo mu bantu abayitibwa ab'aNkoya n'Abalozi ab'e [[:en:Barotseland|Barotseland]] mu bugwanjuba bwa [[:en:Zambia|Zambia]] . <ref name="ATracey History">https://web.archive.org/web/20170630191209/http://www.kalimba.co.za/old/marimbahistory.html</ref> Ebisumuluzo ebiteekeddwateekeddwa bisibibwa waggulu w'ensaasi ezivuga. <ref>http://www.zambiatourism.com/travel/hisgeopeop/people.htm</ref> Gano nga gamanyiddwa nga shinjimba mu ba Nkoya, nga gakubibwa ku Kazanga, omukolo gw’obwakabaka ogw’ennono ogw’Abankoya. Silimba kitundu kikulu nnyo mu nnono z’ennyimba z’obuwangwa ez’abantu [[:en:Lozi_people|b’e Lozi]] era osobola okugiwulira ku mukolo gw'abwe ogw’e [[:en:Kuomboka|Kuomboka]] ogutegekebwa buli mwaka. Silimba kati ekozesebwa mu bitundu bya Zambia ebisinga obungi. '''<big>Akadinda, amadinda ne mbaire</big>''' '''Akadinda,''' '''amadinda''' nga bwe gayitibwa mu luganda bivuga ebisibuka mu [[Buganda]], nga eyitibwa [[Yuganda|Uganda]] omulembe guno . <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist</ref> Amadinda gakolebwa galina emiti kkumineebiri nga gino gipangibwa ku kintu kya njuyi ttaano. Okusinga gakubibwa abantu basatu. Abakubi babiri batuula nga buli omu atunudde mu munne ne bakugakuba mu ngeri ekwatagana mu bwangu obwa waggulu. Tegaba na nsaasi oba ddoboozi lyonna lisaala, nga zino z'embeera ebbiri ez'amadinda mangi aga Afirica. <ref>https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1</ref> Amadinda kyali kivuga kikulu mu kkooti y’obwakabaka bwa Buganda, obwakabaka obusangibwa mu Uganda. Ekika [[:en:Musical_notation|ky’empulikika]] eky’enjawulo kati kikozesebwa ku madinda gano, nga kirimu ennamba n'ebiseera. <ref name="britannica1">http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/719112/African-music/57086/Interlocking#ref=ref519777</ref> nga bwe kiri ne ku madinda agayitibwa '''embaire''', nga kino kika ekisibuka mu bukiikaddyo bwa [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] . <ref name="britannica1" /> '''<big>Balo</big>''' '''''Balo''''' ( '''''balenjeh''''', '''''behlanjeh''''' ) kino kika ekikozesebwa mu [[:en:Mandinka_people|bantu b’e Mandinka]] mu bugwanjuba bwa Africa. Ebisumuluzo byakyo biteekebwa ku nsaasi, era kikubwa n'obuti nga bulina emitwe emikole mu labba. Abakubi bakyo batera okwambala mu ngalo obude obwekyuma ku mikono gyabwe busobole okuvaamu amaloboozi nga nwe bakuba. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070627205236/http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/1240</ref> '''<big>Amadinda G'abazungu</big>''' Amadinda okusooka okwogerwako mu Bulaaya kwali mu kitabo kya [[:en:Arnolt_Schlick|Arnolt Schlick]] ekya ''Spiegel der Orgelmacher und Organisten'' (1511), gye gyitibwa ''hültze glechter'' ("okuwuuma kw'embaawo"). <ref name="VSL">https://web.archive.org/web/20180430183151/https://www.vsl.co.at/en/Xylophone/History</ref> <ref name="Grove">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians</ref> Waliwo ennyinnyonnyola endala ezikwata ku kivuga kino, wadde ng'ekigambo "amadinda" tekyakozesebwa okutuuka mu myaka gya 1860. <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=7EYFAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA2-PA152</ref> Ekivuga kino kyali kikwatagana nnyo n'ennyimba z'ekinnansi ez'amasekkati ga Bulaaya, naddala mu Poland n'obuvanjuba bwa Bugirimaani. Ekika ekyasooka kyali mu [[:en:Slovakia|Slovakia]] <ref name="Nettl MPC3">https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/page/176/</ref> : 98. Ekivuga ekyali kisimbuddwa mu kkyo kyajjira mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070813000208/http://www.concertgoersguide.org/onstage/instruments/thexylophone.php</ref> Okusooka okukozesa amadinda mu kibiina ky'abayimbi n'abakubi b'ebivuga Abazungu kwali mu [[:en:Camille_Saint-Saëns|Camille Saint-Saëns]]’ ''[[:en:Danse_Macabre_(Saint-Saëns)|Danse Macabre]]'', mu 1874. <ref name="made3">http://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html</ref> Mu kiseera ekyo, ekivuga kino kyali ky'amanyizibwa dda [[:en:Josef_Gusikov|Michael Josef Gusikov]] okutuuka ku ddaala erimu, <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rainlore.demon.co.uk/Guzikow/GuzikowArchs.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-02-20 |archive-date=2006-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061230034331/http://www.rainlore.demon.co.uk/Guzikow/GuzikowArchs.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> nga ekivuga ekikye kyali ky'amadinda agaalina enkuubo ettaano agaakolebwa mu mbaawo 28 nga zisengekeddwa mu semitones mu ngeri ya trapezoid era nga zitudde ziwaniriddwa obuntu obulinda obuseke. Tewaaliwo byongera ku maloboozi era nga gakubibwa mangu n’obuti obwali bufaanana ng’ejiiko. Okusinziira ku mukugu mu by’ennyimba [[:en:Curt_Sachs|Curt Sachs]], Gusikov yayimbira mu bivvulu by’omu bifo awawummulirwa, mu ndaga ez’enjawulo, era ng’ekikolwa eky'enjawulo mu bivvulu eby'amaloboozi. Amadinda g'omu bazungu gaakozesebwanga bbandi za jjaazi ezaasooka, ne mu [[:en:Vaudeville|vaudeville]] . Eddoboozi ly'ago eriwulikika obulungi ly'akolanga bulungi mu nnyimba z’emyaka gya 1920 ne 1930. [[:en:Red_Norvo|Red Norvo]], George Cary, [[:en:George_Hamilton_Green|George Hamilton Green]], [[:en:Teddy_Brown|Teddy Brown]], Harry Breuer ne Harry Robbins be bamu ku bakubi baago abaali bamanyiddwa ennyo. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, wajjawo ekika ky'ekivuga ekyali ekiyitibwa metal-key [[:en:Vibraphone|vibraphone]], eky'agayitako mu kwatiikirira nga kino kyakolebwa mu myaka gya 1920. Ekika ky'amadinda oba xylophone gye gaagenda gakendeera gaafuuka marimba era ne gayitibwa [[:en:Xylorimba|xylorimba]] . Mu kugaba obubonero mu bivuga, xylophone esobola okwogerwako Abafalansa aba ''claquebois'', Abagirimaani aba ''Holzharmonika'' (mu bufunze "ekivuga eky'embaawo"), oba ''Silofono'' mu Yitale. <ref name="Grove2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Sadie</ref> [[:en:Dmitri_Shostakovich|Shostakovich]] yali ayagala nnyo ekivuga kino; kirina emirimu egy’amaanyi mu mirimu gye mingi, omuli n’ennyimba ze ezisinga obungi eza [[:en:Symphony|symphony]] ne [[:en:Cello_Concerto_No._2_(Shostakovich)|Cello Concerto No. 2]] ye. Xylophone era ekola kinene mu mazina ga [[:en:Aram_Khachaturian|Khachaturian]] aga [[:en:Sabre_Dance|Sabre Dance]] . Abazannyi ba xylophone ab’omulembe guno kuliko [[:en:Bob_Becker_(composer)|Bob Becker]], [[:en:Evelyn_Glennie|Evelyn Glennie]] ne Ian Finkel. Mu Amerika, waliyo bbandi za marimba ez’e Zimbabwe ezisinga obungi mu Pacific Northwest, Colorado, ne New Mexico, naye bbandi ziriyo okuva ku lubalama lw’ebugwanjuba okuyita mu California n’okutuuka e Hawaii ne Alaska. Omukolo omukulu mu ekitundu gwe gwa ZimFest, ekivvulu ky’ennyimba eky'abantu abava mu Zimbabwe ekitegekebwa buli mwaka. Bbandi zino zirina ebivuga okuva ku soprano eya waggulu, okutuuka ku soprano eya wansi, tenor, baritone ne bass. Eby'ongera ku maloboozi bitera okukolebwa nga birina obutuli obubikkiddwa ne cellophane omutono (efaananako ne [[:en:Balafon|balafon]] ) okusobola okutuuka ku ddoboozi erisaala. Amazina n'ennyimba n'ebiragibwa ebirala ebya bbandi za Amerika bitera okuba n’okukwatagana okunene, olw’okuba nga biva wa muntu omu omuyimbi Omuzimbabwe ayitibwa [[:en:Dumisani_Maraire|Dumisani Maraire]], eyali omuntu omukulu eyasooka okuleeta ennyimba ezo eza Zimbabwe mu mawanga g’Obugwanjuba, ng’ajja mu Yunivasite y’e Washington mu 1968. '''<big>Okukozesa kwago mu by’enjigiriza eby'awansi</big>''' [[Category:Buganda]] ahoikegt4xdk5zesllbxcxxsanlgmx5 74329 74328 2026-09-09T16:42:54Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations and spellings and de-wikilinked 74329 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Xylophone.jpg|right|thumb|Amadinda oba xylophone wamu n'obugakuba obw'enjawulo]]   <small>'''Amadinda oba Xylophone mu Lungereza''' ( mu lulimi Olu Greek olw’edda ξύλον<ref>{{Cite web |title=Xylophonist {{!}} Definition of Xylophonist by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Xylophonist |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-date=2020-12-07 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Lexico Dictionaries {{!}} English |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, ξύλον |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref> lit. ' <span class="gloss-text">eddoboozi ly'obubaawo</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> ) kino kivuga ekigwa mu ttuluba ly'ebivuga ebikolebwa mu emiti nga bikubibwa [[Obutungulu|obuti]] okuvaamu amaloboozi. Buli kabaawo kaba ddinda ly'anjawulo erikolebwa okusobola okuvaamu eddoboozi ery'enjawulo omuli erya pentatonic oba heptatonic mu mbeera y’ebivuga bingi eby’Afirica ne Asia, diatonic mu bivuga bingi eby’abaana ab’amawanga g’omubugwanjuba, oba chromatic okukozesebwa mu kibiina ky’abayimbi.</small> <small>Erinnya amadinda liyinza okukozesebwa okutwalira awamu, okuzingiramu ebivuga byonna ng’ebyo okugeza nga [[marimba]], [[balafon]] kwossa ne [[semantron]] . Naye mu kibiina ky’abayimbi, ekigambo madinda kitegeeza nnyo ekivuga ekivaamu eddoboozi ery'awaggulu erisingako katono ku buwanvu era nga gaba gakoleddwa [[embaawo]] enkalu okusinga marimba, era ebivuga bino ebibiri tebisaanidde kutabulwa. Omuntu akuba amadinda amanyiddwa nga ''xylophonist'' oba mu njogera ennyamgu ayitibwa ''mukubi w'amadinda''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Xylophonist {{!}} Definition of Xylophonist by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Xylophonist |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-date=2020-12-07 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Lexico Dictionaries {{!}} English |language=en}}</ref></small> <small>Erinnya lino era likozesebwa nnyo okutegeeza ebivuga ebifaanagana eby’ekika kya [[lithophone]] ne [[metallophone]] . Okugeza, [[Pixiphone]] n’eby’okuzannyisa bingi ebifaananako bwe bityo ababikola bye baayogerako nga amadinda agalina ebyuma mu kifo ky'embaawo, era bwe kityo mu lulimi lw'ebivuga bitwalibwa nga [[glockenspiels]] mu kifo ky'amadinda.</small> == <small>Enzimba yaago</small> == <small>Amadinda ag'omulembe mu mawanga g'omu bugwanjuba galina embaawo eziva mu miti gya [[rosewood]], [[padauk]], [[cocobolo]], oba ebintu eby’enjawulo ebikoleddwa nga [[fiberglass]] oba [[fiberglass-reinforced plastic]] ebisobozesa eddoboozi okuba ery’amaanyi.<ref name="made">{{Cite web |title=How xylophone is made - manufacture, making, history, used, parts, composition, steps, History, Raw Materials |url=https://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.madehow.com}}</ref> Agamu gasobola okusaasanya amalobozi ku bugazi bwa 21/2 ag'omu bivvuliu go gagenda okutuuka bugazi bwa 31/2 oba 4. Okufaananako ne glockenspiel, amadinda kivuga ekiyimusa amaloboozi: ebitundu byakyo biwandiikibwa octave emu wansi w’ennukuta eziwulikika.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Translate page - Wikipedia |url=https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?from=en&page=Xylophone&targettitle=Amadinda&to=lg |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=lg.wikipedia.org |language=lg}}</ref></small> <small>Amadinga g'oku bivvulu galina obuuma obwongera ku maloboozi agavaamu wansi w’embaawo okutumbula obuwanvu bw'eddoboozi n’okulikuuma. Fuleemu zikolebwa mu mbaawo oba obuuma obutali bwa bbeeyi nnene: amadinga ag'ebbeeyi gaba m'ongeremu mu buwanvu era gaba g'ongeddwamu obunywevu ku ttaka. Mu nkola z'abayimbi endala bakozesa [[nsaasi]]<ref name="made2">{{Cite web |title=How xylophone is made - manufacture, making, history, used, parts, composition, steps, History, Raw Materials |url=https://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.madehow.com}}</ref> nga zeezikola mu kuyamba okwongera eddoboozi. Amadinga amalala gaba ga kika kya "trough" nga gaba ne'kituli kimu ekikola ku kwongeza amaloboozi eri obuuma bwonna.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=VIENNA SYMPHONIC LIBRARY > VIENNA ACADEMY > Percussion > Mallets > Xylophone > HISTORY |url=http://www.vsl.co.at/en/70/3196/3204/3205/5729.vsl |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808061925/http://www.vsl.co.at/en/70/3196/3204/3205/5729.vsl |archive-date=2012-08-08 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.vsl.co.at}}</ref> Enkola enkadde zaalimu okusengeka embaawo wamu ku , era, n’okutuusa kati kikolebwa n’okutuusa kati, okuteeka embaawo nga ziriraanaganye mu nsengeka eringa ey'amadaala. Obuti obugakuba edda bw'akolebwanga Ensigo ez’edda zaakolebwanga mu mbaawo z’omuti gwa willow nga ku nkomerero zazo kuliko ebibya ebiringa ekijiiko.<ref name="made2" /></small> '''<small>Obuti obukuba amadinda</small>''' <small>Amadinda galina okukubwa n'obuti bwa labba, polyball oba acrylic. Oluusi obuti bwa labba ali wakatikkati n'omugumu ennyo oba obw’obuwuzi bwe bikozesebwa okukola amaloboozi amagonvu. Amaloboozi amagonvu gasobola okukolebwa ku madinda nga bakozesa obuti obuliko emitwe egy’embaawo ezikoleddwa mu muti gwa rosewood, ebony, birch oba emiti emirala emigumu.</small> '''<small>Ebyafaayo by'ago</small>''' <small>Ekivuga kino kirina ensibuko y’edda etamanyiddwa. Nettl yagamba nti yasibuka mu bukiikaddyo bw’obuvanjuba bwa Asia n’ejja mu Afrika c. AD 500 ekibinja ky’abantu aboogera Oluaustronesia bwe baasenguka ne bagenda mu Afirica, ne bageraageranya ebibiina by’abakubi b'amadinda ab’omu Buvanjuba bwa Africa n’ebibiina by’abazannyi baago mu aba gamelan ab'e Javanese ne Balinese.<ref name="Nettl MPC">{{Cite web |date=2008-07-03 |title=Theory of Music |url=https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Theory of Music |language=en}}</ref> 1 . 18–19, 19 . 100 Endowooza eno yasoomoozebwa omukugu mu nnyimba z’amawanga era omukugu mu nnimi Roger Blench, nga agamba nti ensibuko eyetongodde ey'amadinda eri mu Africa, ng’awa, mu bujulizi obw’okuyiiya mu kitundu, ebifaananyi eby’enjawulo eby'amadinda ga Afirica n’ebika by'amadinda eby’enjawulo ennyo n’ebivuga ebiringa amadinda mu Afirica.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sub-Saharan African Instruments at the National Music Museum |url=http://orgs.usd.edu:80/nmm/Africa/SubSaharanAfrica.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20160315063731/http://orgs.usd.edu:80/nmm/Africa/SubSaharanAfrica.html |archive-date=2016-03-15 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=orgs.usd.edu}}</ref></small> '''<small>Amadinda g'omu Asia</small>''' <small>Obujulizi obwasooka ku madinda nti amatuufu gava mu kyasa eky’omwenda mu [[bukiikaddyo bw’obuvanjuba bwa Asia]], ate ekivuga eky’embaawo ekiwaniriddwa ekifaananako bwe kityo, ekika kya [[harmonicon]], kigambibwa nti Vienna Symphonic Library yaliwo mu 2000 BC mu kitundu kati ekitundu ku nsi ya China. Ekivuga ekiringa amadinda kyakozesebwa mu bitundu [[by’Abahindu]] (kashta tharang). Mu [[Indonesia]], ebitundu bitono ebirina ekika kyabyo eky'amadinda. Mu [[North Sumatra]], [[Abantu b'e Toba Batak]] bakozesa amadinda ag'embaawo agamanyiddwa nga [[Garantung]] (ekiwandiikibwa nga: "garattung"). [[Java]] ne [[Bali]] bakozesa amadinda (agayitibwa [[gambang]], [[Rindik]] ne [[Tingklik]] ) mu nsengeka za [[Za gamelan|gamelan]] . gakyalina amakulu ag’ennono mu [[Malaysia]], [[Melanesia]], Indonesia, [[Thailand]], [[Myanmar]], n’ebitundu by’America. Mu Myanmar, amadinda gamanyiddwa nga [[Pattala]] era mu bujjuvu ekolebwa mu mmuli.</small> '''<small>Amadinda ga Africa</small>''' Erinnya ''marimba'' era likozesebwa ku bivuga by'ennono eby'enjawulo nga ''[[balafon]]'' y'omu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa. Fbika ebyasooka by'akolebwanga nga birina obubaawo wamu n'[[ensaasi]]. <ref name=":0" /> Olubaawo lw'asookanga kw'okyebwako ku muliro eky'ayambanga okuluwa eddoboozi lye baabanga baagala. Akoongeza ekisumuluzo kaakolebwangako okuwa ekisumuluzo nga bayita mu kulonda n’obwegendereza sayizi yaako, okukyusakyusa obugazi bw'akamwa kaako nga bakozesa wasp wax n’okutereeza obuwanvu bw’ekisumuluzo okusukkako ku kongeza ekisumuluzo. Omukozi omukugu asobola okukola nga amaloboozi mawanvu mu ngeri eyeewuunyisa. Obuti obukozesebwa okukuba ebika bya ''dibinda'' ne ''mbila'' bulina emitwe egyakolebwa mu labba aggyiddwa mu kimera ekiranda eky'omu nsiko.<ref name="answers1">{{Cite web |title=Answers - The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions |url=https://www.answers.com/redirectSearch |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Answers |language=en}}</ref> endongo "ekwatagana " oba ekyukakyuka eri mu nvuga y'amadinda g'Obuvanjuba bwa Africa okugeza nga eya Makonde ''dimbila'', Yao ''mangolongondo'' oba Shirima ''mangwilo'' nga mu kino ''opachera'', eyasookanga [[okuyita]], yaddibwangamu omukubi omulala ayitibwa ''wakulela''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, ξύλον |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref> Kino kitera okukubisaamu emirundi ebiri omuli okuba [[rhythmic pulse]] ogw’amangu edda oguyinza n’okubeera awamu ne [[counter rhythm]] . '''Mbila''' Mbila (mu bungi "timbila") kika ekikwatagana n'abantu b'e [[Chopi]] ab'omu ssaza ly'e Inhambane, mu bukiikaddyo bwa [[Mozambique]]. <ref name="answers12">{{Cite web |title=Answers - The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions |url=https://www.answers.com/redirectSearch |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Answers |language=en}}</ref> Tekirina kutabulwa na [[mbira]]. [[Omusono]] gw’onvuga yaago n'ennyimba eziyimbirwako kigireetera okuba nga y'enkola esinga okuba enzibu oba eyeekikugu kyokka nga esanngibwa mu bantu abatali baayivu bulungi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Xylophonist {{!}} Definition of Xylophonist by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Xylophonist |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-date=2020-12-07 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Lexico Dictionaries {{!}} English |language=en}}</ref> Amadinda gano ag'e [[:en:Mozambique|Mozambique]] gakubibwa mu bibinja ebinene ku mazina amayiiye obulungi, oba oly'awo nga galaga emizannyo egikwata ku byafaayo. Ebibinja by'abazinnyi bibaamu amadinda agawera nga kkumi ag'obunene obwa sayizi ssatu oba nnya. Ekibiina ky’abayimbi ekijjuvu kiyinza okuba n'ebivuga bibiri ebya bass ebiyitibwa gulu nga biriko ebisumuluzo by’embaawo bisatu oba bina ebikubibwa nga bayimiridde nga bakozesa obuti obukuba obuzito obuliko emitwe gya labba emigumu, tenor dibinda ssatu, nga biriko ebisumuluzo kkumi era nga bikubibwa nga batudde, ne mbila yennyini, erimu ebisumuluzo ebituuka ku kkumi na mwenda nga ku bino okutuuka ku munaana biyinza okukubibwa omulundi gumu. Gulu ekozesa ensaasi, ate mbila ne dibinda Masala bakozesa bisusunku by’amakovu amatono nga ebyongeza ku maloboozi. Ziwerekera amazina n’ennyimba z'ennono empanvu ebiyitibwa ngomi oba mgodo era nga zirimu ebitundu by’ennyimba nga kkumi nga ziteereddwa mu bibinja 4 ez’enjawulo, nga biriko ‘oluyimba oba omuzannyo oba amazina agaggulawo’, mu [[kudduka kw'ebivuga bino]] n’emisono egy’enjawulo. Omukulembeze w’ekibiina aweereza ng’omutontomi, omuyimbi, ayimbisa banne [[n’omuzannyi]], ng’akola ekiwandiiko, ayiiya oluyimba nga mu ngeri emu lwekuusa ku mpulikika y'olulimi lw'aba Chopi n’okuyiiya layini eyookubiri ey’okugatta emidigido. Abayimbi b’ekibiina kino bayiiya ekitundu ku bitundu byabwe. Olwo omuyimbi yeebuuza ku muyiiya w'amazina ow'omukolo ogwo era enkyukakyuka ne zikolebwa.<ref name="Nettl MPC2">{{Cite web |date=2008-07-03 |title=Theory of Music |url=https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Theory of Music |language=en}}</ref> Ekisinga obuwanvu era ekisinga obukulu ku bino ye "Mzeno" eba egenda okubeeramu oluyimba olunyumya ku nsonga ey'omugaso mu kitundu oba n'okusaagira ku muntu omututumufu mu kitundu! <ref name="answers12" /> Abayimbi kuliko Eduardo Durão ne Venancio Mbande.<ref name="answers12" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, ξύλον |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref><ref name=":02">https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?from=en&to=lg&targettitle=Amadinda&page=Xylophone#:~:text=View-,Romney%2C%20Jonathan%20(5%20March%201991).%20%22Timbila%20album%20review%22.%20Q%20Magazine.%2055%3A%2068.,-Issues</ref> '''<big>Gyil</big>''' Gyil (mu Lungereza: /ˈdʒɪlə, dʒiːl/) kye kika [[ekirina sayidi ettaano]] ky'ekivuga ekikozesebwa abantu aboogera olulimi lwa [[Gur]] mu [[Ghana]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Mali]] ne [[Ivory Coast]] mu [[West Africa]]. Gyil kye kivuga ekikulu eky'obuwangwa eky'abantu ba [[Dagara]]" ab'omu bukiikakkono bwa Ghana ne Burkina Faso, n'abantu [[Abalobi]] mu Ghana, abasangibwa mu bukiikaddyo bwa Burkina Faso, ne mu [[Ivory Coast]]. Ekivuga kino kikubibwa abatu babiribabiri, nga zigenda wamu n'ensaasi ezikolebwa mu ndeku nga ziyitibwa ''kuor''. Kisobola n'okukubibwa omuntu omu nga kugenderako engoma ekubibwa n'obuti, oba omuyimbi akulemberamu. Okukuba ekivuga kino nga kiri wamu n'ebyo kikubibwa nnyo mu nsonga z'ekinnansi mu nsonga z'okuziika mu bantu ba [[Dagara]]. Ekivuga kino kisinga kukubibwa basajja, nga bano bakiyiga bakyali bato, naye nga tekirina kukugira kwekuusa ku kikula. Enkola y'ekivuga kino efaananako n’eya ''Balaba'' oba [[:en:Balafon|Balafon]] ekikozesebwa abantu aboogera [[:en:Mande_languages|Olumande]] nga ba [[:en:Bambara_people|-Bambara]], [[:en:Dyula_people|Dyula]] n'aba [[:en:Sosso|Sosso]] mu bitundu eby'ewala mu Bugwanjuba mu bitundu by'Oukiikaddyo bwa [[:en:Mali|Mali]] n’obugwanjuba bwa [[:en:Burkina_Faso|Burkina Faso]], ekitundu ekirimu ennono nnyingi ez’ennyimba n’ez’omu bukiikakkono bwa Ivory Coast ne Ghana. Kikolebwa n’ebisumuluzo by’embaawo 14 eby’omuti omugumu ogw’omu Afirica oguyitibwa liga nga biteekebwa ku lubaawo nga wansi wabaayo [[:en:Calabash|ensaasi]] nga zirengejja. <ref name="Colter2008">{{Cite web |url=http://contexts.org/articles/winter-2008/harper/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-02-06 |archive-date=2008-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505053140/http://contexts.org/articles/winter-2008/harper/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ensaasi ziba n'obusaanikira obwa sirika nga bulinga ennyumba za nnabbubi obuyamba okuvaamu eddoboozo erisaala ne bakozesa eddiba ly'engabi okusiba okunyweza. <ref name="Colter2008" /> Ekivuga kino kikubiddwa n’obuti bw’embaawo obuliko emitwe gya labba. '''<big>Silimba</big>''' '''Silimba''' g'emadinda agakozesebwa ennyo mu bantu abayitibwa ab'aNkoya n'Abalozi ab'e [[:en:Barotseland|Barotseland]] mu bugwanjuba bwa [[:en:Zambia|Zambia]] . <ref name="ATracey History">https://web.archive.org/web/20170630191209/http://www.kalimba.co.za/old/marimbahistory.html</ref> Ebisumuluzo ebiteekeddwateekeddwa bisibibwa waggulu w'ensaasi ezivuga. <ref>http://www.zambiatourism.com/travel/hisgeopeop/people.htm</ref> Gano nga gamanyiddwa nga shinjimba mu ba Nkoya, nga gakubibwa ku Kazanga, omukolo gw’obwakabaka ogw’ennono ogw’Abankoya. Silimba kitundu kikulu nnyo mu nnono z’ennyimba z’obuwangwa ez’abantu [[:en:Lozi_people|b’e Lozi]] era osobola okugiwulira ku mukolo gw'abwe ogw’e [[:en:Kuomboka|Kuomboka]] ogutegekebwa buli mwaka. Silimba kati ekozesebwa mu bitundu bya Zambia ebisinga obungi. '''<big>Akadinda, amadinda ne mbaire</big>''' '''Akadinda,''' '''amadinda''' nga bwe gayitibwa mu luganda bivuga ebisibuka mu [[Buganda]], nga eyitibwa [[Yuganda|Uganda]] omulembe guno . <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist</ref> Amadinda gakolebwa galina emiti kkumineebiri nga gino gipangibwa ku kintu kya njuyi ttaano. Okusinga gakubibwa abantu basatu. Abakubi babiri batuula nga buli omu atunudde mu munne ne bakugakuba mu ngeri ekwatagana mu bwangu obwa waggulu. Tegaba na nsaasi oba ddoboozi lyonna lisaala, nga zino z'embeera ebbiri ez'amadinda mangi aga Afirica. <ref>https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1</ref> Amadinda kyali kivuga kikulu mu kkooti y’obwakabaka bwa Buganda, obwakabaka obusangibwa mu Uganda. Ekika [[:en:Musical_notation|ky’empulikika]] eky’enjawulo kati kikozesebwa ku madinda gano, nga kirimu ennamba n'ebiseera. <ref name="britannica1">http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/719112/African-music/57086/Interlocking#ref=ref519777</ref> nga bwe kiri ne ku madinda agayitibwa '''embaire''', nga kino kika ekisibuka mu bukiikaddyo bwa [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] . <ref name="britannica1" /> '''<big>Balo</big>''' '''''Balo''''' ( '''''balenjeh''''', '''''behlanjeh''''' ) kino kika ekikozesebwa mu [[:en:Mandinka_people|bantu b’e Mandinka]] mu bugwanjuba bwa Africa. Ebisumuluzo byakyo biteekebwa ku nsaasi, era kikubwa n'obuti nga bulina emitwe emikole mu labba. Abakubi bakyo batera okwambala mu ngalo obude obwekyuma ku mikono gyabwe busobole okuvaamu amaloboozi nga nwe bakuba. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070627205236/http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/1240</ref> '''<big>Amadinda G'abazungu</big>''' Amadinda okusooka okwogerwako mu Bulaaya kwali mu kitabo kya [[:en:Arnolt_Schlick|Arnolt Schlick]] ekya ''Spiegel der Orgelmacher und Organisten'' (1511), gye gyitibwa ''hültze glechter'' ("okuwuuma kw'embaawo"). <ref name="VSL">https://web.archive.org/web/20180430183151/https://www.vsl.co.at/en/Xylophone/History</ref> <ref name="Grove">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians</ref> Waliwo ennyinnyonnyola endala ezikwata ku kivuga kino, wadde ng'ekigambo "amadinda" tekyakozesebwa okutuuka mu myaka gya 1860. <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=7EYFAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA2-PA152</ref> Ekivuga kino kyali kikwatagana nnyo n'ennyimba z'ekinnansi ez'amasekkati ga Bulaaya, naddala mu Poland n'obuvanjuba bwa Bugirimaani. Ekika ekyasooka kyali mu [[:en:Slovakia|Slovakia]] <ref name="Nettl MPC3">https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/page/176/</ref> : 98. Ekivuga ekyali kisimbuddwa mu kkyo kyajjira mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070813000208/http://www.concertgoersguide.org/onstage/instruments/thexylophone.php</ref> Okusooka okukozesa amadinda mu kibiina ky'abayimbi n'abakubi b'ebivuga Abazungu kwali mu [[:en:Camille_Saint-Saëns|Camille Saint-Saëns]]’ ''[[:en:Danse_Macabre_(Saint-Saëns)|Danse Macabre]]'', mu 1874. <ref name="made3">http://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html</ref> Mu kiseera ekyo, ekivuga kino kyali ky'amanyizibwa dda [[:en:Josef_Gusikov|Michael Josef Gusikov]] okutuuka ku ddaala erimu, <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rainlore.demon.co.uk/Guzikow/GuzikowArchs.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-02-20 |archive-date=2006-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061230034331/http://www.rainlore.demon.co.uk/Guzikow/GuzikowArchs.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> nga ekivuga ekikye kyali ky'amadinda agaalina enkuubo ettaano agaakolebwa mu mbaawo 28 nga zisengekeddwa mu semitones mu ngeri ya trapezoid era nga zitudde ziwaniriddwa obuntu obulinda obuseke. Tewaaliwo byongera ku maloboozi era nga gakubibwa mangu n’obuti obwali bufaanana ng’ejiiko. Okusinziira ku mukugu mu by’ennyimba [[:en:Curt_Sachs|Curt Sachs]], Gusikov yayimbira mu bivvulu by’omu bifo awawummulirwa, mu ndaga ez’enjawulo, era ng’ekikolwa eky'enjawulo mu bivvulu eby'amaloboozi. Amadinda g'omu bazungu gaakozesebwanga bbandi za jjaazi ezaasooka, ne mu [[:en:Vaudeville|vaudeville]] . Eddoboozi ly'ago eriwulikika obulungi ly'akolanga bulungi mu nnyimba z’emyaka gya 1920 ne 1930. [[:en:Red_Norvo|Red Norvo]], George Cary, [[:en:George_Hamilton_Green|George Hamilton Green]], [[:en:Teddy_Brown|Teddy Brown]], Harry Breuer ne Harry Robbins be bamu ku bakubi baago abaali bamanyiddwa ennyo. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, wajjawo ekika ky'ekivuga ekyali ekiyitibwa metal-key [[:en:Vibraphone|vibraphone]], eky'agayitako mu kwatiikirira nga kino kyakolebwa mu myaka gya 1920. Ekika ky'amadinda oba xylophone gye gaagenda gakendeera gaafuuka marimba era ne gayitibwa [[:en:Xylorimba|xylorimba]] . Mu kugaba obubonero mu bivuga, xylophone esobola okwogerwako Abafalansa aba ''claquebois'', Abagirimaani aba ''Holzharmonika'' (mu bufunze "ekivuga eky'embaawo"), oba ''Silofono'' mu Yitale. <ref name="Grove2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Sadie</ref> [[:en:Dmitri_Shostakovich|Shostakovich]] yali ayagala nnyo ekivuga kino; kirina emirimu egy’amaanyi mu mirimu gye mingi, omuli n’ennyimba ze ezisinga obungi eza [[:en:Symphony|symphony]] ne [[:en:Cello_Concerto_No._2_(Shostakovich)|Cello Concerto No. 2]] ye. Xylophone era ekola kinene mu mazina ga [[:en:Aram_Khachaturian|Khachaturian]] aga [[:en:Sabre_Dance|Sabre Dance]] . Abazannyi ba xylophone ab’omulembe guno kuliko [[:en:Bob_Becker_(composer)|Bob Becker]], [[:en:Evelyn_Glennie|Evelyn Glennie]] ne Ian Finkel. Mu Amerika, waliyo bbandi za marimba ez’e Zimbabwe ezisinga obungi mu Pacific Northwest, Colorado, ne New Mexico, naye bbandi ziriyo okuva ku lubalama lw’ebugwanjuba okuyita mu California n’okutuuka e Hawaii ne Alaska. Omukolo omukulu mu ekitundu gwe gwa ZimFest, ekivvulu ky’ennyimba eky'abantu abava mu Zimbabwe ekitegekebwa buli mwaka. Bbandi zino zirina ebivuga okuva ku soprano eya waggulu, okutuuka ku soprano eya wansi, tenor, baritone ne bass. Eby'ongera ku maloboozi bitera okukolebwa nga birina obutuli obubikkiddwa ne cellophane omutono (efaananako ne [[:en:Balafon|balafon]] ) okusobola okutuuka ku ddoboozi erisaala. Amazina n'ennyimba n'ebiragibwa ebirala ebya bbandi za Amerika bitera okuba n’okukwatagana okunene, olw’okuba nga biva wa muntu omu omuyimbi Omuzimbabwe ayitibwa [[:en:Dumisani_Maraire|Dumisani Maraire]], eyali omuntu omukulu eyasooka okuleeta ennyimba ezo eza Zimbabwe mu mawanga g’Obugwanjuba, ng’ajja mu Yunivasite y’e Washington mu 1968. '''<big>Okukozesa kwago mu by’enjigiriza eby'awansi</big>''' [[Category:Buganda]] gwuh5qdf93drbcwkzi24iyb4lltl2yz 74330 74329 2026-09-09T16:44:54Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations and de-wikilinked 74330 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Xylophone.jpg|right|thumb|Amadinda oba xylophone wamu n'obugakuba obw'enjawulo]]   <small>'''Amadinda oba Xylophone mu Lungereza''' ( mu lulimi Olu Greek olw’edda ξύλον<ref>{{Cite web |title=Xylophonist {{!}} Definition of Xylophonist by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Xylophonist |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-date=2020-12-07 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Lexico Dictionaries {{!}} English |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, ξύλον |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref> lit. ' <span class="gloss-text">eddoboozi ly'obubaawo</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> ) kino kivuga ekigwa mu ttuluba ly'ebivuga ebikolebwa mu emiti nga bikubibwa [[Obutungulu|obuti]] okuvaamu amaloboozi. Buli kabaawo kaba ddinda ly'anjawulo erikolebwa okusobola okuvaamu eddoboozi ery'enjawulo omuli erya pentatonic oba heptatonic mu mbeera y’ebivuga bingi eby’Afirica ne Asia, diatonic mu bivuga bingi eby’abaana ab’amawanga g’omubugwanjuba, oba chromatic okukozesebwa mu kibiina ky’abayimbi.</small> <small>Erinnya amadinda liyinza okukozesebwa okutwalira awamu, okuzingiramu ebivuga byonna ng’ebyo okugeza nga [[marimba]], [[balafon]] kwossa ne [[semantron]] . Naye mu kibiina ky’abayimbi, ekigambo madinda kitegeeza nnyo ekivuga ekivaamu eddoboozi ery'awaggulu erisingako katono ku buwanvu era nga gaba gakoleddwa [[embaawo]] enkalu okusinga marimba, era ebivuga bino ebibiri tebisaanidde kutabulwa. Omuntu akuba amadinda amanyiddwa nga ''xylophonist'' oba mu njogera ennyamgu ayitibwa ''mukubi w'amadinda''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Xylophonist {{!}} Definition of Xylophonist by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Xylophonist |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-date=2020-12-07 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Lexico Dictionaries {{!}} English |language=en}}</ref></small> <small>Erinnya lino era likozesebwa nnyo okutegeeza ebivuga ebifaanagana eby’ekika kya [[lithophone]] ne [[metallophone]] . Okugeza, [[Pixiphone]] n’eby’okuzannyisa bingi ebifaananako bwe bityo ababikola bye baayogerako nga amadinda agalina ebyuma mu kifo ky'embaawo, era bwe kityo mu lulimi lw'ebivuga bitwalibwa nga [[glockenspiels]] mu kifo ky'amadinda.</small> == <small>Enzimba yaago</small> == <small>Amadinda ag'omulembe mu mawanga g'omu bugwanjuba galina embaawo eziva mu miti gya [[rosewood]], [[padauk]], [[cocobolo]], oba ebintu eby’enjawulo ebikoleddwa nga [[fiberglass]] oba [[fiberglass-reinforced plastic]] ebisobozesa eddoboozi okuba ery’amaanyi.<ref name="made">{{Cite web |title=How xylophone is made - manufacture, making, history, used, parts, composition, steps, History, Raw Materials |url=https://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.madehow.com}}</ref> Agamu gasobola okusaasanya amalobozi ku bugazi bwa 21/2 ag'omu bivvuliu go gagenda okutuuka bugazi bwa 31/2 oba 4. Okufaananako ne glockenspiel, amadinda kivuga ekiyimusa amaloboozi: ebitundu byakyo biwandiikibwa octave emu wansi w’ennukuta eziwulikika.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Translate page - Wikipedia |url=https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?from=en&page=Xylophone&targettitle=Amadinda&to=lg |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=lg.wikipedia.org |language=lg}}</ref></small> <small>Amadinga g'oku bivvulu galina obuuma obwongera ku maloboozi agavaamu wansi w’embaawo okutumbula obuwanvu bw'eddoboozi n’okulikuuma. Fuleemu zikolebwa mu mbaawo oba obuuma obutali bwa bbeeyi nnene: amadinga ag'ebbeeyi gaba m'ongeremu mu buwanvu era gaba g'ongeddwamu obunywevu ku ttaka. Mu nkola z'abayimbi endala bakozesa [[nsaasi]]<ref name="made2">{{Cite web |title=How xylophone is made - manufacture, making, history, used, parts, composition, steps, History, Raw Materials |url=https://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.madehow.com}}</ref> nga zeezikola mu kuyamba okwongera eddoboozi. Amadinga amalala gaba ga kika kya "trough" nga gaba ne'kituli kimu ekikola ku kwongeza amaloboozi eri obuuma bwonna.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=VIENNA SYMPHONIC LIBRARY > VIENNA ACADEMY > Percussion > Mallets > Xylophone > HISTORY |url=http://www.vsl.co.at/en/70/3196/3204/3205/5729.vsl |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808061925/http://www.vsl.co.at/en/70/3196/3204/3205/5729.vsl |archive-date=2012-08-08 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.vsl.co.at}}</ref> Enkola enkadde zaalimu okusengeka embaawo wamu ku , era, n’okutuusa kati kikolebwa n’okutuusa kati, okuteeka embaawo nga ziriraanaganye mu nsengeka eringa ey'amadaala. Obuti obugakuba edda bw'akolebwanga Ensigo ez’edda zaakolebwanga mu mbaawo z’omuti gwa willow nga ku nkomerero zazo kuliko ebibya ebiringa ekijiiko.<ref name="made2" /></small> '''<small>Obuti obukuba amadinda</small>''' <small>Amadinda galina okukubwa n'obuti bwa labba, polyball oba acrylic. Oluusi obuti bwa labba ali wakatikkati n'omugumu ennyo oba obw’obuwuzi bwe bikozesebwa okukola amaloboozi amagonvu. Amaloboozi amagonvu gasobola okukolebwa ku madinda nga bakozesa obuti obuliko emitwe egy’embaawo ezikoleddwa mu muti gwa rosewood, ebony, birch oba emiti emirala emigumu.</small> '''<small>Ebyafaayo by'ago</small>''' <small>Ekivuga kino kirina ensibuko y’edda etamanyiddwa. Nettl yagamba nti yasibuka mu bukiikaddyo bw’obuvanjuba bwa Asia n’ejja mu Afrika c. AD 500 ekibinja ky’abantu aboogera Oluaustronesia bwe baasenguka ne bagenda mu Afirica, ne bageraageranya ebibiina by’abakubi b'amadinda ab’omu Buvanjuba bwa Africa n’ebibiina by’abazannyi baago mu aba gamelan ab'e Javanese ne Balinese.<ref name="Nettl MPC">{{Cite web |date=2008-07-03 |title=Theory of Music |url=https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Theory of Music |language=en}}</ref> 1 . 18–19, 19 . 100 Endowooza eno yasoomoozebwa omukugu mu nnyimba z’amawanga era omukugu mu nnimi Roger Blench, nga agamba nti ensibuko eyetongodde ey'amadinda eri mu Africa, ng’awa, mu bujulizi obw’okuyiiya mu kitundu, ebifaananyi eby’enjawulo eby'amadinda ga Afirica n’ebika by'amadinda eby’enjawulo ennyo n’ebivuga ebiringa amadinda mu Afirica.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sub-Saharan African Instruments at the National Music Museum |url=http://orgs.usd.edu:80/nmm/Africa/SubSaharanAfrica.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20160315063731/http://orgs.usd.edu:80/nmm/Africa/SubSaharanAfrica.html |archive-date=2016-03-15 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=orgs.usd.edu}}</ref></small> '''<small>Amadinda g'omu Asia</small>''' <small>Obujulizi obwasooka ku madinda nti amatuufu gava mu kyasa eky’omwenda mu [[bukiikaddyo bw’obuvanjuba bwa Asia]], ate ekivuga eky’embaawo ekiwaniriddwa ekifaananako bwe kityo, ekika kya [[harmonicon]], kigambibwa nti Vienna Symphonic Library yaliwo mu 2000 BC mu kitundu kati ekitundu ku nsi ya China. Ekivuga ekiringa amadinda kyakozesebwa mu bitundu [[by’Abahindu]] (kashta tharang). Mu [[Indonesia]], ebitundu bitono ebirina ekika kyabyo eky'amadinda. Mu [[North Sumatra]], [[Abantu b'e Toba Batak]] bakozesa amadinda ag'embaawo agamanyiddwa nga [[Garantung]] (ekiwandiikibwa nga: "garattung"). [[Java]] ne [[Bali]] bakozesa amadinda (agayitibwa [[gambang]], [[Rindik]] ne [[Tingklik]] ) mu nsengeka za [[Za gamelan|gamelan]] . gakyalina amakulu ag’ennono mu [[Malaysia]], [[Melanesia]], Indonesia, [[Thailand]], [[Myanmar]], n’ebitundu by’America. Mu Myanmar, amadinda gamanyiddwa nga [[Pattala]] era mu bujjuvu ekolebwa mu mmuli.</small> '''<small>Amadinda ga Africa</small>''' Erinnya ''marimba'' era likozesebwa ku bivuga by'ennono eby'enjawulo nga ''[[balafon]]'' y'omu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa. Fbika ebyasooka by'akolebwanga nga birina obubaawo wamu n'[[ensaasi]]. <ref name=":0" /> Olubaawo lw'asookanga kw'okyebwako ku muliro eky'ayambanga okuluwa eddoboozi lye baabanga baagala. Akoongeza ekisumuluzo kaakolebwangako okuwa ekisumuluzo nga bayita mu kulonda n’obwegendereza sayizi yaako, okukyusakyusa obugazi bw'akamwa kaako nga bakozesa wasp wax n’okutereeza obuwanvu bw’ekisumuluzo okusukkako ku kongeza ekisumuluzo. Omukozi omukugu asobola okukola nga amaloboozi mawanvu mu ngeri eyeewuunyisa. Obuti obukozesebwa okukuba ebika bya ''dibinda'' ne ''mbila'' bulina emitwe egyakolebwa mu labba aggyiddwa mu kimera ekiranda eky'omu nsiko.<ref name="answers1">{{Cite web |title=Answers - The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions |url=https://www.answers.com/redirectSearch |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Answers |language=en}}</ref> endongo "ekwatagana " oba ekyukakyuka eri mu nvuga y'amadinda g'Obuvanjuba bwa Africa okugeza nga eya Makonde ''dimbila'', Yao ''mangolongondo'' oba Shirima ''mangwilo'' nga mu kino ''opachera'', eyasookanga [[okuyita]], yaddibwangamu omukubi omulala ayitibwa ''wakulela''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, ξύλον |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref> Kino kitera okukubisaamu emirundi ebiri omuli okuba [[rhythmic pulse]] ogw’amangu edda oguyinza n’okubeera awamu ne [[counter rhythm]] . '''Mbila''' Mbila (mu bungi "timbila") kika ekikwatagana n'abantu b'e [[Chopi]] ab'omu ssaza ly'e Inhambane, mu bukiikaddyo bwa [[Mozambique]]. <ref name="answers12">{{Cite web |title=Answers - The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions |url=https://www.answers.com/redirectSearch |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Answers |language=en}}</ref> Tekirina kutabulwa na [[mbira]]. [[Omusono]] gw’onvuga yaago n'ennyimba eziyimbirwako kigireetera okuba nga y'enkola esinga okuba enzibu oba eyeekikugu kyokka nga esanngibwa mu bantu abatali baayivu bulungi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Xylophonist {{!}} Definition of Xylophonist by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Xylophonist |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-date=2020-12-07 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Lexico Dictionaries {{!}} English |language=en}}</ref> Amadinda gano ag'e [[:en:Mozambique|Mozambique]] gakubibwa mu bibinja ebinene ku mazina amayiiye obulungi, oba oly'awo nga galaga emizannyo egikwata ku byafaayo. Ebibinja by'abazinnyi bibaamu amadinda agawera nga kkumi ag'obunene obwa sayizi ssatu oba nnya. Ekibiina ky’abayimbi ekijjuvu kiyinza okuba n'ebivuga bibiri ebya bass ebiyitibwa gulu nga biriko ebisumuluzo by’embaawo bisatu oba bina ebikubibwa nga bayimiridde nga bakozesa obuti obukuba obuzito obuliko emitwe gya labba emigumu, tenor dibinda ssatu, nga biriko ebisumuluzo kkumi era nga bikubibwa nga batudde, ne mbila yennyini, erimu ebisumuluzo ebituuka ku kkumi na mwenda nga ku bino okutuuka ku munaana biyinza okukubibwa omulundi gumu. Gulu ekozesa ensaasi, ate mbila ne dibinda Masala bakozesa bisusunku by’amakovu amatono nga ebyongeza ku maloboozi. Ziwerekera amazina n’ennyimba z'ennono empanvu ebiyitibwa ngomi oba mgodo era nga zirimu ebitundu by’ennyimba nga kkumi nga ziteereddwa mu bibinja 4 ez’enjawulo, nga biriko ‘oluyimba oba omuzannyo oba amazina agaggulawo’, mu [[kudduka kw'ebivuga bino]] n’emisono egy’enjawulo. Omukulembeze w’ekibiina aweereza ng’omutontomi, omuyimbi, ayimbisa banne [[n’omuzannyi]], ng’akola ekiwandiiko, ayiiya oluyimba nga mu ngeri emu lwekuusa ku mpulikika y'olulimi lw'aba Chopi n’okuyiiya layini eyookubiri ey’okugatta emidigido. Abayimbi b’ekibiina kino bayiiya ekitundu ku bitundu byabwe. Olwo omuyimbi yeebuuza ku muyiiya w'amazina ow'omukolo ogwo era enkyukakyuka ne zikolebwa.<ref name="Nettl MPC2">{{Cite web |date=2008-07-03 |title=Theory of Music |url=https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Theory of Music |language=en}}</ref> Ekisinga obuwanvu era ekisinga obukulu ku bino ye "Mzeno" eba egenda okubeeramu oluyimba olunyumya ku nsonga ey'omugaso mu kitundu oba n'okusaagira ku muntu omututumufu mu kitundu! <ref name="answers12" /> Abayimbi kuliko Eduardo Durão ne Venancio Mbande.<ref name="answers12" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, ξύλον |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref><ref name=":02">https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?from=en&to=lg&targettitle=Amadinda&page=Xylophone#:~:text=View-,Romney%2C%20Jonathan%20(5%20March%201991).%20%22Timbila%20album%20review%22.%20Q%20Magazine.%2055%3A%2068.,-Issues</ref> '''<big>Gyil</big>''' Gyil (mu Lungereza: /ˈdʒɪlə, dʒiːl/) kye kika [[ekirina sayidi ettaano]] ky'ekivuga ekikozesebwa abantu aboogera olulimi lwa [[Gur]] mu [[Ghana]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Mali]] ne [[Ivory Coast]] mu [[West Africa]]. Gyil kye kivuga ekikulu eky'obuwangwa eky'abantu ba [[Dagara]]" ab'omu bukiikakkono bwa Ghana ne Burkina Faso, n'abantu [[Abalobi]] mu Ghana, abasangibwa mu bukiikaddyo bwa Burkina Faso, ne mu Ivory Coast. Ekivuga kino kikubibwa abatu babiribabiri, nga zigenda wamu n'ensaasi ezikolebwa mu ndeku nga ziyitibwa ''kuor''. Kisobola n'okukubibwa omuntu omu nga kugenderako engoma ekubibwa n'obuti, oba omuyimbi akulemberamu. Okukuba ekivuga kino nga kiri wamu n'ebyo kikubibwa nnyo mu nsonga z'ekinnansi mu nsonga z'okuziika mu bantu ba Dagara. Ekivuga kino kisinga kukubibwa basajja, nga bano bakiyiga bakyali bato, naye nga tekirina kukugira kwekuusa ku kikula. Enkola y'ekivuga kino efaananako n’eya ''Balaba'' oba [[Balafon]] ekikozesebwa abantu aboogera [[Olumande]] nga ba -[[Bambara]], [[Dyula]] n'aba [[Sosso]] mu bitundu eby'ewala mu Bugwanjuba mu bitundu by'Oukiikaddyo bwa [[Mali]] n’obugwanjuba bwa [[Burkina Faso]], ekitundu ekirimu ennono nnyingi ez’ennyimba n’ez’omu bukiikakkono bwa Ivory Coast ne Ghana. Kikolebwa n’ebisumuluzo by’embaawo 14 eby’omuti omugumu ogw’omu Afirica oguyitibwa liga nga biteekebwa ku lubaawo nga wansi wabaayo [[ensaasi]] nga zirengejja.<ref name="Colter2008">{{Cite web |url=http://contexts.org/articles/winter-2008/harper/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-02-06 |archive-date=2008-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505053140/http://contexts.org/articles/winter-2008/harper/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ensaasi ziba n'obusaanikira obwa sirika nga bulinga ennyumba za nnabbubi obuyamba okuvaamu eddoboozo erisaala ne bakozesa eddiba ly'engabi okusiba okunyweza.<ref name="Colter2008" /> Ekivuga kino kikubiddwa n’obuti bw’embaawo obuliko emitwe gya labba. '''<big>Silimba</big>''' '''Silimba''' g'emadinda agakozesebwa ennyo mu bantu abayitibwa ab'aNkoya n'Abalozi ab'e [[:en:Barotseland|Barotseland]] mu bugwanjuba bwa [[:en:Zambia|Zambia]] . <ref name="ATracey History">https://web.archive.org/web/20170630191209/http://www.kalimba.co.za/old/marimbahistory.html</ref> Ebisumuluzo ebiteekeddwateekeddwa bisibibwa waggulu w'ensaasi ezivuga. <ref>http://www.zambiatourism.com/travel/hisgeopeop/people.htm</ref> Gano nga gamanyiddwa nga shinjimba mu ba Nkoya, nga gakubibwa ku Kazanga, omukolo gw’obwakabaka ogw’ennono ogw’Abankoya. Silimba kitundu kikulu nnyo mu nnono z’ennyimba z’obuwangwa ez’abantu [[:en:Lozi_people|b’e Lozi]] era osobola okugiwulira ku mukolo gw'abwe ogw’e [[:en:Kuomboka|Kuomboka]] ogutegekebwa buli mwaka. Silimba kati ekozesebwa mu bitundu bya Zambia ebisinga obungi. '''<big>Akadinda, amadinda ne mbaire</big>''' '''Akadinda,''' '''amadinda''' nga bwe gayitibwa mu luganda bivuga ebisibuka mu [[Buganda]], nga eyitibwa [[Yuganda|Uganda]] omulembe guno . <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist</ref> Amadinda gakolebwa galina emiti kkumineebiri nga gino gipangibwa ku kintu kya njuyi ttaano. Okusinga gakubibwa abantu basatu. Abakubi babiri batuula nga buli omu atunudde mu munne ne bakugakuba mu ngeri ekwatagana mu bwangu obwa waggulu. Tegaba na nsaasi oba ddoboozi lyonna lisaala, nga zino z'embeera ebbiri ez'amadinda mangi aga Afirica. <ref>https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1</ref> Amadinda kyali kivuga kikulu mu kkooti y’obwakabaka bwa Buganda, obwakabaka obusangibwa mu Uganda. Ekika [[:en:Musical_notation|ky’empulikika]] eky’enjawulo kati kikozesebwa ku madinda gano, nga kirimu ennamba n'ebiseera. <ref name="britannica1">http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/719112/African-music/57086/Interlocking#ref=ref519777</ref> nga bwe kiri ne ku madinda agayitibwa '''embaire''', nga kino kika ekisibuka mu bukiikaddyo bwa [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] . <ref name="britannica1" /> '''<big>Balo</big>''' '''''Balo''''' ( '''''balenjeh''''', '''''behlanjeh''''' ) kino kika ekikozesebwa mu [[:en:Mandinka_people|bantu b’e Mandinka]] mu bugwanjuba bwa Africa. Ebisumuluzo byakyo biteekebwa ku nsaasi, era kikubwa n'obuti nga bulina emitwe emikole mu labba. Abakubi bakyo batera okwambala mu ngalo obude obwekyuma ku mikono gyabwe busobole okuvaamu amaloboozi nga nwe bakuba. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070627205236/http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/1240</ref> '''<big>Amadinda G'abazungu</big>''' Amadinda okusooka okwogerwako mu Bulaaya kwali mu kitabo kya [[:en:Arnolt_Schlick|Arnolt Schlick]] ekya ''Spiegel der Orgelmacher und Organisten'' (1511), gye gyitibwa ''hültze glechter'' ("okuwuuma kw'embaawo"). <ref name="VSL">https://web.archive.org/web/20180430183151/https://www.vsl.co.at/en/Xylophone/History</ref> <ref name="Grove">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians</ref> Waliwo ennyinnyonnyola endala ezikwata ku kivuga kino, wadde ng'ekigambo "amadinda" tekyakozesebwa okutuuka mu myaka gya 1860. <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=7EYFAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA2-PA152</ref> Ekivuga kino kyali kikwatagana nnyo n'ennyimba z'ekinnansi ez'amasekkati ga Bulaaya, naddala mu Poland n'obuvanjuba bwa Bugirimaani. Ekika ekyasooka kyali mu [[:en:Slovakia|Slovakia]] <ref name="Nettl MPC3">https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/page/176/</ref> : 98. Ekivuga ekyali kisimbuddwa mu kkyo kyajjira mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070813000208/http://www.concertgoersguide.org/onstage/instruments/thexylophone.php</ref> Okusooka okukozesa amadinda mu kibiina ky'abayimbi n'abakubi b'ebivuga Abazungu kwali mu [[:en:Camille_Saint-Saëns|Camille Saint-Saëns]]’ ''[[:en:Danse_Macabre_(Saint-Saëns)|Danse Macabre]]'', mu 1874. <ref name="made3">http://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html</ref> Mu kiseera ekyo, ekivuga kino kyali ky'amanyizibwa dda [[:en:Josef_Gusikov|Michael Josef Gusikov]] okutuuka ku ddaala erimu, <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rainlore.demon.co.uk/Guzikow/GuzikowArchs.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-02-20 |archive-date=2006-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061230034331/http://www.rainlore.demon.co.uk/Guzikow/GuzikowArchs.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> nga ekivuga ekikye kyali ky'amadinda agaalina enkuubo ettaano agaakolebwa mu mbaawo 28 nga zisengekeddwa mu semitones mu ngeri ya trapezoid era nga zitudde ziwaniriddwa obuntu obulinda obuseke. Tewaaliwo byongera ku maloboozi era nga gakubibwa mangu n’obuti obwali bufaanana ng’ejiiko. Okusinziira ku mukugu mu by’ennyimba [[:en:Curt_Sachs|Curt Sachs]], Gusikov yayimbira mu bivvulu by’omu bifo awawummulirwa, mu ndaga ez’enjawulo, era ng’ekikolwa eky'enjawulo mu bivvulu eby'amaloboozi. Amadinda g'omu bazungu gaakozesebwanga bbandi za jjaazi ezaasooka, ne mu [[:en:Vaudeville|vaudeville]] . Eddoboozi ly'ago eriwulikika obulungi ly'akolanga bulungi mu nnyimba z’emyaka gya 1920 ne 1930. [[:en:Red_Norvo|Red Norvo]], George Cary, [[:en:George_Hamilton_Green|George Hamilton Green]], [[:en:Teddy_Brown|Teddy Brown]], Harry Breuer ne Harry Robbins be bamu ku bakubi baago abaali bamanyiddwa ennyo. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, wajjawo ekika ky'ekivuga ekyali ekiyitibwa metal-key [[:en:Vibraphone|vibraphone]], eky'agayitako mu kwatiikirira nga kino kyakolebwa mu myaka gya 1920. Ekika ky'amadinda oba xylophone gye gaagenda gakendeera gaafuuka marimba era ne gayitibwa [[:en:Xylorimba|xylorimba]] . Mu kugaba obubonero mu bivuga, xylophone esobola okwogerwako Abafalansa aba ''claquebois'', Abagirimaani aba ''Holzharmonika'' (mu bufunze "ekivuga eky'embaawo"), oba ''Silofono'' mu Yitale. <ref name="Grove2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Sadie</ref> [[:en:Dmitri_Shostakovich|Shostakovich]] yali ayagala nnyo ekivuga kino; kirina emirimu egy’amaanyi mu mirimu gye mingi, omuli n’ennyimba ze ezisinga obungi eza [[:en:Symphony|symphony]] ne [[:en:Cello_Concerto_No._2_(Shostakovich)|Cello Concerto No. 2]] ye. Xylophone era ekola kinene mu mazina ga [[:en:Aram_Khachaturian|Khachaturian]] aga [[:en:Sabre_Dance|Sabre Dance]] . Abazannyi ba xylophone ab’omulembe guno kuliko [[:en:Bob_Becker_(composer)|Bob Becker]], [[:en:Evelyn_Glennie|Evelyn Glennie]] ne Ian Finkel. Mu Amerika, waliyo bbandi za marimba ez’e Zimbabwe ezisinga obungi mu Pacific Northwest, Colorado, ne New Mexico, naye bbandi ziriyo okuva ku lubalama lw’ebugwanjuba okuyita mu California n’okutuuka e Hawaii ne Alaska. Omukolo omukulu mu ekitundu gwe gwa ZimFest, ekivvulu ky’ennyimba eky'abantu abava mu Zimbabwe ekitegekebwa buli mwaka. Bbandi zino zirina ebivuga okuva ku soprano eya waggulu, okutuuka ku soprano eya wansi, tenor, baritone ne bass. Eby'ongera ku maloboozi bitera okukolebwa nga birina obutuli obubikkiddwa ne cellophane omutono (efaananako ne [[:en:Balafon|balafon]] ) okusobola okutuuka ku ddoboozi erisaala. Amazina n'ennyimba n'ebiragibwa ebirala ebya bbandi za Amerika bitera okuba n’okukwatagana okunene, olw’okuba nga biva wa muntu omu omuyimbi Omuzimbabwe ayitibwa [[:en:Dumisani_Maraire|Dumisani Maraire]], eyali omuntu omukulu eyasooka okuleeta ennyimba ezo eza Zimbabwe mu mawanga g’Obugwanjuba, ng’ajja mu Yunivasite y’e Washington mu 1968. '''<big>Okukozesa kwago mu by’enjigiriza eby'awansi</big>''' [[Category:Buganda]] 1wrmis5p9p627xhxe169uau5texvjaq 74331 74330 2026-09-09T16:50:24Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 converted references 74331 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Xylophone.jpg|right|thumb|Amadinda oba xylophone wamu n'obugakuba obw'enjawulo]]   <small>'''Amadinda oba Xylophone mu Lungereza''' ( mu lulimi Olu Greek olw’edda ξύλον<ref>{{Cite web |title=Xylophonist {{!}} Definition of Xylophonist by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Xylophonist |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-date=2020-12-07 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Lexico Dictionaries {{!}} English |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, ξύλον |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref> lit. ' <span class="gloss-text">eddoboozi ly'obubaawo</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> ) kino kivuga ekigwa mu ttuluba ly'ebivuga ebikolebwa mu emiti nga bikubibwa [[Obutungulu|obuti]] okuvaamu amaloboozi. Buli kabaawo kaba ddinda ly'anjawulo erikolebwa okusobola okuvaamu eddoboozi ery'enjawulo omuli erya pentatonic oba heptatonic mu mbeera y’ebivuga bingi eby’Afirica ne Asia, diatonic mu bivuga bingi eby’abaana ab’amawanga g’omubugwanjuba, oba chromatic okukozesebwa mu kibiina ky’abayimbi.</small> <small>Erinnya amadinda liyinza okukozesebwa okutwalira awamu, okuzingiramu ebivuga byonna ng’ebyo okugeza nga [[marimba]], [[balafon]] kwossa ne [[semantron]] . Naye mu kibiina ky’abayimbi, ekigambo madinda kitegeeza nnyo ekivuga ekivaamu eddoboozi ery'awaggulu erisingako katono ku buwanvu era nga gaba gakoleddwa [[embaawo]] enkalu okusinga marimba, era ebivuga bino ebibiri tebisaanidde kutabulwa. Omuntu akuba amadinda amanyiddwa nga ''xylophonist'' oba mu njogera ennyamgu ayitibwa ''mukubi w'amadinda''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Xylophonist {{!}} Definition of Xylophonist by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Xylophonist |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-date=2020-12-07 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Lexico Dictionaries {{!}} English |language=en}}</ref></small> <small>Erinnya lino era likozesebwa nnyo okutegeeza ebivuga ebifaanagana eby’ekika kya [[lithophone]] ne [[metallophone]] . Okugeza, [[Pixiphone]] n’eby’okuzannyisa bingi ebifaananako bwe bityo ababikola bye baayogerako nga amadinda agalina ebyuma mu kifo ky'embaawo, era bwe kityo mu lulimi lw'ebivuga bitwalibwa nga [[glockenspiels]] mu kifo ky'amadinda.</small> == <small>Enzimba yaago</small> == <small>Amadinda ag'omulembe mu mawanga g'omu bugwanjuba galina embaawo eziva mu miti gya [[rosewood]], [[padauk]], [[cocobolo]], oba ebintu eby’enjawulo ebikoleddwa nga [[fiberglass]] oba [[fiberglass-reinforced plastic]] ebisobozesa eddoboozi okuba ery’amaanyi.<ref name="made">{{Cite web |title=How xylophone is made - manufacture, making, history, used, parts, composition, steps, History, Raw Materials |url=https://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.madehow.com}}</ref> Agamu gasobola okusaasanya amalobozi ku bugazi bwa 21/2 ag'omu bivvuliu go gagenda okutuuka bugazi bwa 31/2 oba 4. Okufaananako ne glockenspiel, amadinda kivuga ekiyimusa amaloboozi: ebitundu byakyo biwandiikibwa octave emu wansi w’ennukuta eziwulikika.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Translate page - Wikipedia |url=https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?from=en&page=Xylophone&targettitle=Amadinda&to=lg |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=lg.wikipedia.org |language=lg}}</ref></small> <small>Amadinga g'oku bivvulu galina obuuma obwongera ku maloboozi agavaamu wansi w’embaawo okutumbula obuwanvu bw'eddoboozi n’okulikuuma. Fuleemu zikolebwa mu mbaawo oba obuuma obutali bwa bbeeyi nnene: amadinga ag'ebbeeyi gaba m'ongeremu mu buwanvu era gaba g'ongeddwamu obunywevu ku ttaka. Mu nkola z'abayimbi endala bakozesa [[nsaasi]]<ref name="made2">{{Cite web |title=How xylophone is made - manufacture, making, history, used, parts, composition, steps, History, Raw Materials |url=https://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.madehow.com}}</ref> nga zeezikola mu kuyamba okwongera eddoboozi. Amadinga amalala gaba ga kika kya "trough" nga gaba ne'kituli kimu ekikola ku kwongeza amaloboozi eri obuuma bwonna.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=VIENNA SYMPHONIC LIBRARY > VIENNA ACADEMY > Percussion > Mallets > Xylophone > HISTORY |url=http://www.vsl.co.at/en/70/3196/3204/3205/5729.vsl |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808061925/http://www.vsl.co.at/en/70/3196/3204/3205/5729.vsl |archive-date=2012-08-08 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.vsl.co.at}}</ref> Enkola enkadde zaalimu okusengeka embaawo wamu ku , era, n’okutuusa kati kikolebwa n’okutuusa kati, okuteeka embaawo nga ziriraanaganye mu nsengeka eringa ey'amadaala. Obuti obugakuba edda bw'akolebwanga Ensigo ez’edda zaakolebwanga mu mbaawo z’omuti gwa willow nga ku nkomerero zazo kuliko ebibya ebiringa ekijiiko.<ref name="made2" /></small> '''<small>Obuti obukuba amadinda</small>''' <small>Amadinda galina okukubwa n'obuti bwa labba, polyball oba acrylic. Oluusi obuti bwa labba ali wakatikkati n'omugumu ennyo oba obw’obuwuzi bwe bikozesebwa okukola amaloboozi amagonvu. Amaloboozi amagonvu gasobola okukolebwa ku madinda nga bakozesa obuti obuliko emitwe egy’embaawo ezikoleddwa mu muti gwa rosewood, ebony, birch oba emiti emirala emigumu.</small> '''<small>Ebyafaayo by'ago</small>''' <small>Ekivuga kino kirina ensibuko y’edda etamanyiddwa. Nettl yagamba nti yasibuka mu bukiikaddyo bw’obuvanjuba bwa Asia n’ejja mu Afrika c. AD 500 ekibinja ky’abantu aboogera Oluaustronesia bwe baasenguka ne bagenda mu Afirica, ne bageraageranya ebibiina by’abakubi b'amadinda ab’omu Buvanjuba bwa Africa n’ebibiina by’abazannyi baago mu aba gamelan ab'e Javanese ne Balinese.<ref name="Nettl MPC">{{Cite web |date=2008-07-03 |title=Theory of Music |url=https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Theory of Music |language=en}}</ref> 1 . 18–19, 19 . 100 Endowooza eno yasoomoozebwa omukugu mu nnyimba z’amawanga era omukugu mu nnimi Roger Blench, nga agamba nti ensibuko eyetongodde ey'amadinda eri mu Africa, ng’awa, mu bujulizi obw’okuyiiya mu kitundu, ebifaananyi eby’enjawulo eby'amadinda ga Afirica n’ebika by'amadinda eby’enjawulo ennyo n’ebivuga ebiringa amadinda mu Afirica.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sub-Saharan African Instruments at the National Music Museum |url=http://orgs.usd.edu:80/nmm/Africa/SubSaharanAfrica.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20160315063731/http://orgs.usd.edu:80/nmm/Africa/SubSaharanAfrica.html |archive-date=2016-03-15 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=orgs.usd.edu}}</ref></small> '''<small>Amadinda g'omu Asia</small>''' <small>Obujulizi obwasooka ku madinda nti amatuufu gava mu kyasa eky’omwenda mu [[bukiikaddyo bw’obuvanjuba bwa Asia]], ate ekivuga eky’embaawo ekiwaniriddwa ekifaananako bwe kityo, ekika kya [[harmonicon]], kigambibwa nti Vienna Symphonic Library yaliwo mu 2000 BC mu kitundu kati ekitundu ku nsi ya China. Ekivuga ekiringa amadinda kyakozesebwa mu bitundu [[by’Abahindu]] (kashta tharang). Mu [[Indonesia]], ebitundu bitono ebirina ekika kyabyo eky'amadinda. Mu [[North Sumatra]], [[Abantu b'e Toba Batak]] bakozesa amadinda ag'embaawo agamanyiddwa nga [[Garantung]] (ekiwandiikibwa nga: "garattung"). [[Java]] ne [[Bali]] bakozesa amadinda (agayitibwa [[gambang]], [[Rindik]] ne [[Tingklik]] ) mu nsengeka za [[Za gamelan|gamelan]] . gakyalina amakulu ag’ennono mu [[Malaysia]], [[Melanesia]], Indonesia, [[Thailand]], [[Myanmar]], n’ebitundu by’America. Mu Myanmar, amadinda gamanyiddwa nga [[Pattala]] era mu bujjuvu ekolebwa mu mmuli.</small> '''<small>Amadinda ga Africa</small>''' Erinnya ''marimba'' era likozesebwa ku bivuga by'ennono eby'enjawulo nga ''[[balafon]]'' y'omu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa. Fbika ebyasooka by'akolebwanga nga birina obubaawo wamu n'[[ensaasi]]. <ref name=":0" /> Olubaawo lw'asookanga kw'okyebwako ku muliro eky'ayambanga okuluwa eddoboozi lye baabanga baagala. Akoongeza ekisumuluzo kaakolebwangako okuwa ekisumuluzo nga bayita mu kulonda n’obwegendereza sayizi yaako, okukyusakyusa obugazi bw'akamwa kaako nga bakozesa wasp wax n’okutereeza obuwanvu bw’ekisumuluzo okusukkako ku kongeza ekisumuluzo. Omukozi omukugu asobola okukola nga amaloboozi mawanvu mu ngeri eyeewuunyisa. Obuti obukozesebwa okukuba ebika bya ''dibinda'' ne ''mbila'' bulina emitwe egyakolebwa mu labba aggyiddwa mu kimera ekiranda eky'omu nsiko.<ref name="answers1">{{Cite web |title=Answers - The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions |url=https://www.answers.com/redirectSearch |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Answers |language=en}}</ref> endongo "ekwatagana " oba ekyukakyuka eri mu nvuga y'amadinda g'Obuvanjuba bwa Africa okugeza nga eya Makonde ''dimbila'', Yao ''mangolongondo'' oba Shirima ''mangwilo'' nga mu kino ''opachera'', eyasookanga [[okuyita]], yaddibwangamu omukubi omulala ayitibwa ''wakulela''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, ξύλον |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref> Kino kitera okukubisaamu emirundi ebiri omuli okuba [[rhythmic pulse]] ogw’amangu edda oguyinza n’okubeera awamu ne [[counter rhythm]] . '''Mbila''' Mbila (mu bungi "timbila") kika ekikwatagana n'abantu b'e [[Chopi]] ab'omu ssaza ly'e Inhambane, mu bukiikaddyo bwa [[Mozambique]]. <ref name="answers12">{{Cite web |title=Answers - The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions |url=https://www.answers.com/redirectSearch |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Answers |language=en}}</ref> Tekirina kutabulwa na [[mbira]]. [[Omusono]] gw’onvuga yaago n'ennyimba eziyimbirwako kigireetera okuba nga y'enkola esinga okuba enzibu oba eyeekikugu kyokka nga esanngibwa mu bantu abatali baayivu bulungi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Xylophonist {{!}} Definition of Xylophonist by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Xylophonist |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-date=2020-12-07 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Lexico Dictionaries {{!}} English |language=en}}</ref> Amadinda gano ag'e [[:en:Mozambique|Mozambique]] gakubibwa mu bibinja ebinene ku mazina amayiiye obulungi, oba oly'awo nga galaga emizannyo egikwata ku byafaayo. Ebibinja by'abazinnyi bibaamu amadinda agawera nga kkumi ag'obunene obwa sayizi ssatu oba nnya. Ekibiina ky’abayimbi ekijjuvu kiyinza okuba n'ebivuga bibiri ebya bass ebiyitibwa gulu nga biriko ebisumuluzo by’embaawo bisatu oba bina ebikubibwa nga bayimiridde nga bakozesa obuti obukuba obuzito obuliko emitwe gya labba emigumu, tenor dibinda ssatu, nga biriko ebisumuluzo kkumi era nga bikubibwa nga batudde, ne mbila yennyini, erimu ebisumuluzo ebituuka ku kkumi na mwenda nga ku bino okutuuka ku munaana biyinza okukubibwa omulundi gumu. Gulu ekozesa ensaasi, ate mbila ne dibinda Masala bakozesa bisusunku by’amakovu amatono nga ebyongeza ku maloboozi. Ziwerekera amazina n’ennyimba z'ennono empanvu ebiyitibwa ngomi oba mgodo era nga zirimu ebitundu by’ennyimba nga kkumi nga ziteereddwa mu bibinja 4 ez’enjawulo, nga biriko ‘oluyimba oba omuzannyo oba amazina agaggulawo’, mu [[kudduka kw'ebivuga bino]] n’emisono egy’enjawulo. Omukulembeze w’ekibiina aweereza ng’omutontomi, omuyimbi, ayimbisa banne [[n’omuzannyi]], ng’akola ekiwandiiko, ayiiya oluyimba nga mu ngeri emu lwekuusa ku mpulikika y'olulimi lw'aba Chopi n’okuyiiya layini eyookubiri ey’okugatta emidigido. Abayimbi b’ekibiina kino bayiiya ekitundu ku bitundu byabwe. Olwo omuyimbi yeebuuza ku muyiiya w'amazina ow'omukolo ogwo era enkyukakyuka ne zikolebwa.<ref name="Nettl MPC2">{{Cite web |date=2008-07-03 |title=Theory of Music |url=https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Theory of Music |language=en}}</ref> Ekisinga obuwanvu era ekisinga obukulu ku bino ye "Mzeno" eba egenda okubeeramu oluyimba olunyumya ku nsonga ey'omugaso mu kitundu oba n'okusaagira ku muntu omututumufu mu kitundu! <ref name="answers12" /> Abayimbi kuliko Eduardo Durão ne Venancio Mbande.<ref name="answers12" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, ξύλον |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref><ref name=":02">https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?from=en&to=lg&targettitle=Amadinda&page=Xylophone#:~:text=View-,Romney%2C%20Jonathan%20(5%20March%201991).%20%22Timbila%20album%20review%22.%20Q%20Magazine.%2055%3A%2068.,-Issues</ref> '''<big>Gyil</big>''' Gyil (mu Lungereza: /ˈdʒɪlə, dʒiːl/) kye kika [[ekirina sayidi ettaano]] ky'ekivuga ekikozesebwa abantu aboogera olulimi lwa [[Gur]] mu [[Ghana]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Mali]] ne [[Ivory Coast]] mu [[West Africa]]. Gyil kye kivuga ekikulu eky'obuwangwa eky'abantu ba [[Dagara]]" ab'omu bukiikakkono bwa Ghana ne Burkina Faso, n'abantu [[Abalobi]] mu Ghana, abasangibwa mu bukiikaddyo bwa Burkina Faso, ne mu Ivory Coast. Ekivuga kino kikubibwa abatu babiribabiri, nga zigenda wamu n'ensaasi ezikolebwa mu ndeku nga ziyitibwa ''kuor''. Kisobola n'okukubibwa omuntu omu nga kugenderako engoma ekubibwa n'obuti, oba omuyimbi akulemberamu. Okukuba ekivuga kino nga kiri wamu n'ebyo kikubibwa nnyo mu nsonga z'ekinnansi mu nsonga z'okuziika mu bantu ba Dagara. Ekivuga kino kisinga kukubibwa basajja, nga bano bakiyiga bakyali bato, naye nga tekirina kukugira kwekuusa ku kikula. Enkola y'ekivuga kino efaananako n’eya ''Balaba'' oba [[Balafon]] ekikozesebwa abantu aboogera [[Olumande]] nga ba -[[Bambara]], [[Dyula]] n'aba [[Sosso]] mu bitundu eby'ewala mu Bugwanjuba mu bitundu by'Oukiikaddyo bwa [[Mali]] n’obugwanjuba bwa [[Burkina Faso]], ekitundu ekirimu ennono nnyingi ez’ennyimba n’ez’omu bukiikakkono bwa Ivory Coast ne Ghana. Kikolebwa n’ebisumuluzo by’embaawo 14 eby’omuti omugumu ogw’omu Afirica oguyitibwa liga nga biteekebwa ku lubaawo nga wansi wabaayo [[ensaasi]] nga zirengejja.<ref name="Colter2008">{{Cite web |url=http://contexts.org/articles/winter-2008/harper/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-02-06 |archive-date=2008-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505053140/http://contexts.org/articles/winter-2008/harper/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ensaasi ziba n'obusaanikira obwa sirika nga bulinga ennyumba za nnabbubi obuyamba okuvaamu eddoboozo erisaala ne bakozesa eddiba ly'engabi okusiba okunyweza.<ref name="Colter2008" /> Ekivuga kino kikubiddwa n’obuti bw’embaawo obuliko emitwe gya labba. '''<big>Silimba</big>''' '''Silimba''' g'emadinda agakozesebwa ennyo mu bantu abayitibwa ab'aNkoya n'Abalozi ab'e [[Barotseland]] mu bugwanjuba bwa [[Zambia]] .<ref name="ATracey History">{{Cite web |last=Carver |first=Christian |title=Marimba History |url=http://www.kalimba.co.za/old/marimbahistory.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630191209/http://www.kalimba.co.za/old/marimbahistory.html |archive-date=2017-06-30 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.kalimba.co.za}}</ref> Ebisumuluzo ebiteekeddwateekeddwa bisibibwa waggulu w'ensaasi ezivuga.<ref>http://www.zambiatourism.com/travel/hisgeopeop/people.htm</ref> Gano nga gamanyiddwa nga shinjimba mu ba Nkoya, nga gakubibwa ku Kazanga, omukolo gw’obwakabaka ogw’ennono ogw’Abankoya. Silimba kitundu kikulu nnyo mu nnono z’ennyimba z’obuwangwa ez’abantu b’e [[Lozi]] era osobola okugiwulira ku mukolo gw'abwe ogw’e [[Kuomboka]] ogutegekebwa buli mwaka. Silimba kati ekozesebwa mu bitundu bya [[Zambia]] ebisinga obungi. '''<big>Akadinda, amadinda ne mbaire</big>''' '''Akadinda,''' '''amadinda''' nga bwe gayitibwa mu luganda bivuga ebisibuka mu [[Buganda]], nga eyitibwa [[Yuganda|Uganda]] omulembe guno.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Xylophonist {{!}} Definition of Xylophonist by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Xylophonist |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-date=2020-12-07 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Lexico Dictionaries {{!}} English |language=en}}</ref> Amadinda gakolebwa galina emiti kkumineebiri nga gino gipangibwa ku kintu kya njuyi ttaano. Okusinga gakubibwa abantu basatu. Abakubi babiri batuula nga buli omu atunudde mu munne ne bakugakuba mu ngeri ekwatagana mu bwangu obwa waggulu. Tegaba na nsaasi oba ddoboozi lyonna lisaala, nga zino z'embeera ebbiri ez'amadinda mangi aga Afirica.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, ξύλον |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref> Amadinda kyali kivuga kikulu mu kkooti y’obwakabaka bwa Buganda, obwakabaka obusangibwa mu Uganda. Ekika ky’empulikika eky’enjawulo kati kikozesebwa ku madinda gano, nga kirimu ennamba n'ebiseera.<ref name="britannica1">{{Cite web |title=African music {{!}} History, Artists, Genres, Instruments, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/art/African-music |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> nga bwe kiri ne ku madinda agayitibwa '''embaire''', nga kino kika ekisibuka mu bukiikaddyo bwa [[Uganda]].<ref name="britannica1" /> '''<big>Balo</big>''' '''''Balo''''' ( '''''balenjeh''''', '''''behlanjeh''''' ) kino kika ekikozesebwa mu bantu b’e Mandinka mu bugwanjuba bwa Africa. Ebisumuluzo byakyo biteekebwa ku nsaasi, era kikubwa n'obuti nga bulina emitwe emikole mu labba. Abakubi bakyo batera okwambala mu ngalo obude obwekyuma ku mikono gyabwe busobole okuvaamu amaloboozi nga nwe bakuba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DSpace at Cambridge: The Behlanjeh, the national musical instrument of the Mandingos |url=http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/1240 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070627205236/http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/1240 |archive-date=2007-06-27 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.dspace.cam.ac.uk}}</ref> '''<big>Amadinda G'abazungu</big>''' Amadinda okusooka okwogerwako mu [[Bulaaya]] kwali mu kitabo kya [[Arnolt Schlick]] ekya ''Spiegel der Orgelmacher und Organisten'' (1511), gye gyitibwa ''hültze glechter'' ("okuwuuma kw'embaawo").<ref name="VSL">{{Cite web |title=History - Vienna Symphonic Library |url=https://www.vsl.co.at/en/Xylophone/History |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430183151/https://www.vsl.co.at/en/Xylophone/History |archive-date=2018-04-30 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.vsl.co.at |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Grove">{{Cite book |date=2026-09-04 |title=The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians&oldid=1373259723 |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo ennyinnyonnyola endala ezikwata ku kivuga kino, wadde ng'ekigambo "amadinda" tekyakozesebwa okutuuka mu myaka gya 1860.<ref>{{Cite book |last=TUXFORD |first=ROGERSON AND |date=1865 |title=THE LADIE'S COMPANION, |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7EYFAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA2-PA152 |language=en}}</ref> Ekivuga kino kyali kikwatagana nnyo n'ennyimba z'ekinnansi ez'amasekkati ga Bulaaya, naddala mu Poland n'obuvanjuba bwa Bugirimaani. Ekika ekyasooka kyali mu [[:en:Slovakia|Slovakia]]<ref name="Nettl MPC3">{{Cite web |date=2008-07-03 |title=Theory of Music |url=https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Theory of Music |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Oregon Symphony Players Association |url=http://www.concertgoersguide.org/onstage/instruments/thexylophone.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823183820/http://www.concertgoersguide.org/onstage/instruments/thexylophone.php |archive-date=2007-08-23 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.concertgoersguide.org}}</ref> Okusooka okukozesa amadinda mu kibiina ky'abayimbi n'abakubi b'ebivuga Abazungu kwali mu [[:en:Camille_Saint-Saëns|Camille Saint-Saëns]]’ ''[[:en:Danse_Macabre_(Saint-Saëns)|Danse Macabre]]'', mu 1874. <ref name="made3">{{Cite web |title=How xylophone is made - manufacture, making, history, used, parts, composition, steps, History, Raw Materials |url=https://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.madehow.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera ekyo, ekivuga kino kyali ky'amanyizibwa dda [[:en:Josef_Gusikov|Michael Josef Gusikov]] okutuuka ku ddaala erimu, <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rainlore.demon.co.uk/Guzikow/GuzikowArchs.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-02-20 |archive-date=2006-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061230034331/http://www.rainlore.demon.co.uk/Guzikow/GuzikowArchs.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> nga ekivuga ekikye kyali ky'amadinda agaalina enkuubo ettaano agaakolebwa mu mbaawo 28 nga zisengekeddwa mu semitones mu ngeri ya trapezoid era nga zitudde ziwaniriddwa obuntu obulinda obuseke. Tewaaliwo byongera ku maloboozi era nga gakubibwa mangu n’obuti obwali bufaanana ng’ejiiko. Okusinziira ku mukugu mu by’ennyimba [[:en:Curt_Sachs|Curt Sachs]], Gusikov yayimbira mu bivvulu by’omu bifo awawummulirwa, mu ndaga ez’enjawulo, era ng’ekikolwa eky'enjawulo mu bivvulu eby'amaloboozi. Amadinda g'omu bazungu gaakozesebwanga bbandi za jjaazi ezaasooka, ne mu [[:en:Vaudeville|vaudeville]] . Eddoboozi ly'ago eriwulikika obulungi ly'akolanga bulungi mu nnyimba z’emyaka gya 1920 ne 1930. [[:en:Red_Norvo|Red Norvo]], George Cary, [[:en:George_Hamilton_Green|George Hamilton Green]], [[:en:Teddy_Brown|Teddy Brown]], Harry Breuer ne Harry Robbins be bamu ku bakubi baago abaali bamanyiddwa ennyo. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, wajjawo ekika ky'ekivuga ekyali ekiyitibwa metal-key [[:en:Vibraphone|vibraphone]], eky'agayitako mu kwatiikirira nga kino kyakolebwa mu myaka gya 1920. Ekika ky'amadinda oba xylophone gye gaagenda gakendeera gaafuuka marimba era ne gayitibwa [[:en:Xylorimba|xylorimba]] . Mu kugaba obubonero mu bivuga, xylophone esobola okwogerwako Abafalansa aba ''claquebois'', Abagirimaani aba ''Holzharmonika'' (mu bufunze "ekivuga eky'embaawo"), oba ''Silofono'' mu Yitale. <ref name="Grove2">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Sadie</ref> [[:en:Dmitri_Shostakovich|Shostakovich]] yali ayagala nnyo ekivuga kino; kirina emirimu egy’amaanyi mu mirimu gye mingi, omuli n’ennyimba ze ezisinga obungi eza [[:en:Symphony|symphony]] ne [[:en:Cello_Concerto_No._2_(Shostakovich)|Cello Concerto No. 2]] ye. Xylophone era ekola kinene mu mazina ga [[:en:Aram_Khachaturian|Khachaturian]] aga [[:en:Sabre_Dance|Sabre Dance]] . Abazannyi ba xylophone ab’omulembe guno kuliko [[:en:Bob_Becker_(composer)|Bob Becker]], [[:en:Evelyn_Glennie|Evelyn Glennie]] ne Ian Finkel. Mu Amerika, waliyo bbandi za marimba ez’e Zimbabwe ezisinga obungi mu Pacific Northwest, Colorado, ne New Mexico, naye bbandi ziriyo okuva ku lubalama lw’ebugwanjuba okuyita mu California n’okutuuka e Hawaii ne Alaska. Omukolo omukulu mu ekitundu gwe gwa ZimFest, ekivvulu ky’ennyimba eky'abantu abava mu Zimbabwe ekitegekebwa buli mwaka. Bbandi zino zirina ebivuga okuva ku soprano eya waggulu, okutuuka ku soprano eya wansi, tenor, baritone ne bass. Eby'ongera ku maloboozi bitera okukolebwa nga birina obutuli obubikkiddwa ne cellophane omutono (efaananako ne [[:en:Balafon|balafon]] ) okusobola okutuuka ku ddoboozi erisaala. Amazina n'ennyimba n'ebiragibwa ebirala ebya bbandi za Amerika bitera okuba n’okukwatagana okunene, olw’okuba nga biva wa muntu omu omuyimbi Omuzimbabwe ayitibwa [[:en:Dumisani_Maraire|Dumisani Maraire]], eyali omuntu omukulu eyasooka okuleeta ennyimba ezo eza Zimbabwe mu mawanga g’Obugwanjuba, ng’ajja mu Yunivasite y’e Washington mu 1968. '''<big>Okukozesa kwago mu by’enjigiriza eby'awansi</big>''' [[Category:Buganda]] 4ky7owzi5wexf6r2kqn5fw6pm4r65sm 74333 74331 2026-09-09T17:09:00Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 sub heading 74333 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Xylophone.jpg|right|thumb|Amadinda oba xylophone wamu n'obugakuba obw'enjawulo]]   <small>'''Amadinda oba Xylophone mu Lungereza''' ( mu lulimi Olu Greek olw’edda ξύλον<ref>{{Cite web |title=Xylophonist {{!}} Definition of Xylophonist by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Xylophonist |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-date=2020-12-07 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Lexico Dictionaries {{!}} English |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, ξύλον |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref> lit. ' <span class="gloss-text">eddoboozi ly'obubaawo</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> ) kino kivuga ekigwa mu ttuluba ly'ebivuga ebikolebwa mu emiti nga bikubibwa [[Obutungulu|obuti]] okuvaamu amaloboozi. Buli kabaawo kaba ddinda ly'anjawulo erikolebwa okusobola okuvaamu eddoboozi ery'enjawulo omuli erya pentatonic oba heptatonic mu mbeera y’ebivuga bingi eby’Afirica ne Asia, diatonic mu bivuga bingi eby’abaana ab’amawanga g’omubugwanjuba, oba chromatic okukozesebwa mu kibiina ky’abayimbi.</small> <small>Erinnya amadinda liyinza okukozesebwa okutwalira awamu, okuzingiramu ebivuga byonna ng’ebyo okugeza nga [[marimba]], [[balafon]] kwossa ne [[semantron]] . Naye mu kibiina ky’abayimbi, ekigambo madinda kitegeeza nnyo ekivuga ekivaamu eddoboozi ery'awaggulu erisingako katono ku buwanvu era nga gaba gakoleddwa [[embaawo]] enkalu okusinga marimba, era ebivuga bino ebibiri tebisaanidde kutabulwa. Omuntu akuba amadinda amanyiddwa nga ''xylophonist'' oba mu njogera ennyamgu ayitibwa ''mukubi w'amadinda''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Xylophonist {{!}} Definition of Xylophonist by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Xylophonist |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-date=2020-12-07 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Lexico Dictionaries {{!}} English |language=en}}</ref></small> <small>Erinnya lino era likozesebwa nnyo okutegeeza ebivuga ebifaanagana eby’ekika kya [[lithophone]] ne [[metallophone]] . Okugeza, [[Pixiphone]] n’eby’okuzannyisa bingi ebifaananako bwe bityo ababikola bye baayogerako nga amadinda agalina ebyuma mu kifo ky'embaawo, era bwe kityo mu lulimi lw'ebivuga bitwalibwa nga [[glockenspiels]] mu kifo ky'amadinda.</small> == <small>Enzimba yaago</small> == <small>Amadinda ag'omulembe mu mawanga g'omu bugwanjuba galina embaawo eziva mu miti gya [[rosewood]], [[padauk]], [[cocobolo]], oba ebintu eby’enjawulo ebikoleddwa nga [[fiberglass]] oba [[fiberglass-reinforced plastic]] ebisobozesa eddoboozi okuba ery’amaanyi.<ref name="made">{{Cite web |title=How xylophone is made - manufacture, making, history, used, parts, composition, steps, History, Raw Materials |url=https://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.madehow.com}}</ref> Agamu gasobola okusaasanya amalobozi ku bugazi bwa 21/2 ag'omu bivvuliu go gagenda okutuuka bugazi bwa 31/2 oba 4. Okufaananako ne glockenspiel, amadinda kivuga ekiyimusa amaloboozi: ebitundu byakyo biwandiikibwa octave emu wansi w’ennukuta eziwulikika.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Translate page - Wikipedia |url=https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?from=en&page=Xylophone&targettitle=Amadinda&to=lg |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=lg.wikipedia.org |language=lg}}</ref></small> <small>Amadinga g'oku bivvulu galina obuuma obwongera ku maloboozi agavaamu wansi w’embaawo okutumbula obuwanvu bw'eddoboozi n’okulikuuma. Fuleemu zikolebwa mu mbaawo oba obuuma obutali bwa bbeeyi nnene: amadinga ag'ebbeeyi gaba m'ongeremu mu buwanvu era gaba g'ongeddwamu obunywevu ku ttaka. Mu nkola z'abayimbi endala bakozesa [[nsaasi]]<ref name="made2">{{Cite web |title=How xylophone is made - manufacture, making, history, used, parts, composition, steps, History, Raw Materials |url=https://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.madehow.com}}</ref> nga zeezikola mu kuyamba okwongera eddoboozi. Amadinga amalala gaba ga kika kya "trough" nga gaba ne'kituli kimu ekikola ku kwongeza amaloboozi eri obuuma bwonna.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=VIENNA SYMPHONIC LIBRARY > VIENNA ACADEMY > Percussion > Mallets > Xylophone > HISTORY |url=http://www.vsl.co.at/en/70/3196/3204/3205/5729.vsl |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808061925/http://www.vsl.co.at/en/70/3196/3204/3205/5729.vsl |archive-date=2012-08-08 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.vsl.co.at}}</ref> Enkola enkadde zaalimu okusengeka embaawo wamu ku , era, n’okutuusa kati kikolebwa n’okutuusa kati, okuteeka embaawo nga ziriraanaganye mu nsengeka eringa ey'amadaala. Obuti obugakuba edda bw'akolebwanga Ensigo ez’edda zaakolebwanga mu mbaawo z’omuti gwa willow nga ku nkomerero zazo kuliko ebibya ebiringa ekijiiko.<ref name="made2" /></small> '''<small>Obuti obukuba amadinda</small>''' <small>Amadinda galina okukubwa n'obuti bwa labba, polyball oba acrylic. Oluusi obuti bwa labba ali wakatikkati n'omugumu ennyo oba obw’obuwuzi bwe bikozesebwa okukola amaloboozi amagonvu. Amaloboozi amagonvu gasobola okukolebwa ku madinda nga bakozesa obuti obuliko emitwe egy’embaawo ezikoleddwa mu muti gwa rosewood, ebony, birch oba emiti emirala emigumu.</small> '''<small>Ebyafaayo by'ago</small>''' <small>Ekivuga kino kirina ensibuko y’edda etamanyiddwa. Nettl yagamba nti yasibuka mu bukiikaddyo bw’obuvanjuba bwa Asia n’ejja mu Afrika c. AD 500 ekibinja ky’abantu aboogera Oluaustronesia bwe baasenguka ne bagenda mu Afirica, ne bageraageranya ebibiina by’abakubi b'amadinda ab’omu Buvanjuba bwa Africa n’ebibiina by’abazannyi baago mu aba gamelan ab'e Javanese ne Balinese.<ref name="Nettl MPC">{{Cite web |date=2008-07-03 |title=Theory of Music |url=https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Theory of Music |language=en}}</ref> 1 . 18–19, 19 . 100 Endowooza eno yasoomoozebwa omukugu mu nnyimba z’amawanga era omukugu mu nnimi Roger Blench, nga agamba nti ensibuko eyetongodde ey'amadinda eri mu Africa, ng’awa, mu bujulizi obw’okuyiiya mu kitundu, ebifaananyi eby’enjawulo eby'amadinda ga Afirica n’ebika by'amadinda eby’enjawulo ennyo n’ebivuga ebiringa amadinda mu Afirica.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sub-Saharan African Instruments at the National Music Museum |url=http://orgs.usd.edu:80/nmm/Africa/SubSaharanAfrica.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20160315063731/http://orgs.usd.edu:80/nmm/Africa/SubSaharanAfrica.html |archive-date=2016-03-15 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=orgs.usd.edu}}</ref></small> '''<small>Amadinda g'omu Asia</small>''' <small>Obujulizi obwasooka ku madinda nti amatuufu gava mu kyasa eky’omwenda mu [[bukiikaddyo bw’obuvanjuba bwa Asia]], ate ekivuga eky’embaawo ekiwaniriddwa ekifaananako bwe kityo, ekika kya [[harmonicon]], kigambibwa nti Vienna Symphonic Library yaliwo mu 2000 BC mu kitundu kati ekitundu ku nsi ya China. Ekivuga ekiringa amadinda kyakozesebwa mu bitundu [[by’Abahindu]] (kashta tharang). Mu [[Indonesia]], ebitundu bitono ebirina ekika kyabyo eky'amadinda. Mu [[North Sumatra]], [[Abantu b'e Toba Batak]] bakozesa amadinda ag'embaawo agamanyiddwa nga [[Garantung]] (ekiwandiikibwa nga: "garattung"). [[Java]] ne [[Bali]] bakozesa amadinda (agayitibwa [[gambang]], [[Rindik]] ne [[Tingklik]] ) mu nsengeka za [[Za gamelan|gamelan]] . gakyalina amakulu ag’ennono mu [[Malaysia]], [[Melanesia]], Indonesia, [[Thailand]], [[Myanmar]], n’ebitundu by’America. Mu Myanmar, amadinda gamanyiddwa nga [[Pattala]] era mu bujjuvu ekolebwa mu mmuli.</small> '''<small>Amadinda ga Africa</small>''' Erinnya ''marimba'' era likozesebwa ku bivuga by'ennono eby'enjawulo nga ''[[balafon]]'' y'omu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa. Fbika ebyasooka by'akolebwanga nga birina obubaawo wamu n'[[ensaasi]]. <ref name=":0" /> Olubaawo lw'asookanga kw'okyebwako ku muliro eky'ayambanga okuluwa eddoboozi lye baabanga baagala. Akoongeza ekisumuluzo kaakolebwangako okuwa ekisumuluzo nga bayita mu kulonda n’obwegendereza sayizi yaako, okukyusakyusa obugazi bw'akamwa kaako nga bakozesa wasp wax n’okutereeza obuwanvu bw’ekisumuluzo okusukkako ku kongeza ekisumuluzo. Omukozi omukugu asobola okukola nga amaloboozi mawanvu mu ngeri eyeewuunyisa. Obuti obukozesebwa okukuba ebika bya ''dibinda'' ne ''mbila'' bulina emitwe egyakolebwa mu labba aggyiddwa mu kimera ekiranda eky'omu nsiko.<ref name="answers1">{{Cite web |title=Answers - The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions |url=https://www.answers.com/redirectSearch |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Answers |language=en}}</ref> endongo "ekwatagana " oba ekyukakyuka eri mu nvuga y'amadinda g'Obuvanjuba bwa Africa okugeza nga eya Makonde ''dimbila'', Yao ''mangolongondo'' oba Shirima ''mangwilo'' nga mu kino ''opachera'', eyasookanga [[okuyita]], yaddibwangamu omukubi omulala ayitibwa ''wakulela''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, ξύλον |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref> Kino kitera okukubisaamu emirundi ebiri omuli okuba [[rhythmic pulse]] ogw’amangu edda oguyinza n’okubeera awamu ne [[counter rhythm]] . '''Mbila''' Mbila (mu bungi "timbila") kika ekikwatagana n'abantu b'e [[Chopi]] ab'omu ssaza ly'e Inhambane, mu bukiikaddyo bwa [[Mozambique]]. <ref name="answers12">{{Cite web |title=Answers - The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions |url=https://www.answers.com/redirectSearch |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Answers |language=en}}</ref> Tekirina kutabulwa na [[mbira]]. [[Omusono]] gw’onvuga yaago n'ennyimba eziyimbirwako kigireetera okuba nga y'enkola esinga okuba enzibu oba eyeekikugu kyokka nga esanngibwa mu bantu abatali baayivu bulungi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Xylophonist {{!}} Definition of Xylophonist by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Xylophonist |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-date=2020-12-07 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Lexico Dictionaries {{!}} English |language=en}}</ref> Amadinda gano ag'e [[:en:Mozambique|Mozambique]] gakubibwa mu bibinja ebinene ku mazina amayiiye obulungi, oba oly'awo nga galaga emizannyo egikwata ku byafaayo. Ebibinja by'abazinnyi bibaamu amadinda agawera nga kkumi ag'obunene obwa sayizi ssatu oba nnya. Ekibiina ky’abayimbi ekijjuvu kiyinza okuba n'ebivuga bibiri ebya bass ebiyitibwa gulu nga biriko ebisumuluzo by’embaawo bisatu oba bina ebikubibwa nga bayimiridde nga bakozesa obuti obukuba obuzito obuliko emitwe gya labba emigumu, tenor dibinda ssatu, nga biriko ebisumuluzo kkumi era nga bikubibwa nga batudde, ne mbila yennyini, erimu ebisumuluzo ebituuka ku kkumi na mwenda nga ku bino okutuuka ku munaana biyinza okukubibwa omulundi gumu. Gulu ekozesa ensaasi, ate mbila ne dibinda Masala bakozesa bisusunku by’amakovu amatono nga ebyongeza ku maloboozi. Ziwerekera amazina n’ennyimba z'ennono empanvu ebiyitibwa ngomi oba mgodo era nga zirimu ebitundu by’ennyimba nga kkumi nga ziteereddwa mu bibinja 4 ez’enjawulo, nga biriko ‘oluyimba oba omuzannyo oba amazina agaggulawo’, mu [[kudduka kw'ebivuga bino]] n’emisono egy’enjawulo. Omukulembeze w’ekibiina aweereza ng’omutontomi, omuyimbi, ayimbisa banne [[n’omuzannyi]], ng’akola ekiwandiiko, ayiiya oluyimba nga mu ngeri emu lwekuusa ku mpulikika y'olulimi lw'aba Chopi n’okuyiiya layini eyookubiri ey’okugatta emidigido. Abayimbi b’ekibiina kino bayiiya ekitundu ku bitundu byabwe. Olwo omuyimbi yeebuuza ku muyiiya w'amazina ow'omukolo ogwo era enkyukakyuka ne zikolebwa.<ref name="Nettl MPC2">{{Cite web |date=2008-07-03 |title=Theory of Music |url=https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Theory of Music |language=en}}</ref> Ekisinga obuwanvu era ekisinga obukulu ku bino ye "Mzeno" eba egenda okubeeramu oluyimba olunyumya ku nsonga ey'omugaso mu kitundu oba n'okusaagira ku muntu omututumufu mu kitundu! <ref name="answers12" /> Abayimbi kuliko Eduardo Durão ne Venancio Mbande.<ref name="answers12" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, ξύλον |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref><ref name=":02">https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?from=en&to=lg&targettitle=Amadinda&page=Xylophone#:~:text=View-,Romney%2C%20Jonathan%20(5%20March%201991).%20%22Timbila%20album%20review%22.%20Q%20Magazine.%2055%3A%2068.,-Issues</ref> '''<big>Gyil</big>''' Gyil (mu Lungereza: /ˈdʒɪlə, dʒiːl/) kye kika [[ekirina sayidi ettaano]] ky'ekivuga ekikozesebwa abantu aboogera olulimi lwa [[Gur]] mu [[Ghana]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Mali]] ne [[Ivory Coast]] mu [[West Africa]]. Gyil kye kivuga ekikulu eky'obuwangwa eky'abantu ba [[Dagara]]" ab'omu bukiikakkono bwa Ghana ne Burkina Faso, n'abantu [[Abalobi]] mu Ghana, abasangibwa mu bukiikaddyo bwa Burkina Faso, ne mu Ivory Coast. Ekivuga kino kikubibwa abatu babiribabiri, nga zigenda wamu n'ensaasi ezikolebwa mu ndeku nga ziyitibwa ''kuor''. Kisobola n'okukubibwa omuntu omu nga kugenderako engoma ekubibwa n'obuti, oba omuyimbi akulemberamu. Okukuba ekivuga kino nga kiri wamu n'ebyo kikubibwa nnyo mu nsonga z'ekinnansi mu nsonga z'okuziika mu bantu ba Dagara. Ekivuga kino kisinga kukubibwa basajja, nga bano bakiyiga bakyali bato, naye nga tekirina kukugira kwekuusa ku kikula. Enkola y'ekivuga kino efaananako n’eya ''Balaba'' oba [[Balafon]] ekikozesebwa abantu aboogera [[Olumande]] nga ba -[[Bambara]], [[Dyula]] n'aba [[Sosso]] mu bitundu eby'ewala mu Bugwanjuba mu bitundu by'Oukiikaddyo bwa [[Mali]] n’obugwanjuba bwa [[Burkina Faso]], ekitundu ekirimu ennono nnyingi ez’ennyimba n’ez’omu bukiikakkono bwa Ivory Coast ne Ghana. Kikolebwa n’ebisumuluzo by’embaawo 14 eby’omuti omugumu ogw’omu Afirica oguyitibwa liga nga biteekebwa ku lubaawo nga wansi wabaayo [[ensaasi]] nga zirengejja.<ref name="Colter2008">{{Cite web |url=http://contexts.org/articles/winter-2008/harper/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-02-06 |archive-date=2008-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505053140/http://contexts.org/articles/winter-2008/harper/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ensaasi ziba n'obusaanikira obwa sirika nga bulinga ennyumba za nnabbubi obuyamba okuvaamu eddoboozo erisaala ne bakozesa eddiba ly'engabi okusiba okunyweza.<ref name="Colter2008" /> Ekivuga kino kikubiddwa n’obuti bw’embaawo obuliko emitwe gya labba. '''<big>Silimba</big>''' '''Silimba''' g'emadinda agakozesebwa ennyo mu bantu abayitibwa ab'aNkoya n'Abalozi ab'e [[Barotseland]] mu bugwanjuba bwa [[Zambia]] .<ref name="ATracey History">{{Cite web |last=Carver |first=Christian |title=Marimba History |url=http://www.kalimba.co.za/old/marimbahistory.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630191209/http://www.kalimba.co.za/old/marimbahistory.html |archive-date=2017-06-30 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.kalimba.co.za}}</ref> Ebisumuluzo ebiteekeddwateekeddwa bisibibwa waggulu w'ensaasi ezivuga.<ref>http://www.zambiatourism.com/travel/hisgeopeop/people.htm</ref> Gano nga gamanyiddwa nga shinjimba mu ba Nkoya, nga gakubibwa ku Kazanga, omukolo gw’obwakabaka ogw’ennono ogw’Abankoya. Silimba kitundu kikulu nnyo mu nnono z’ennyimba z’obuwangwa ez’abantu b’e [[Lozi]] era osobola okugiwulira ku mukolo gw'abwe ogw’e [[Kuomboka]] ogutegekebwa buli mwaka. Silimba kati ekozesebwa mu bitundu bya [[Zambia]] ebisinga obungi. '''<big>Akadinda, amadinda ne mbaire</big>''' '''Akadinda,''' '''amadinda''' nga bwe gayitibwa mu luganda bivuga ebisibuka mu [[Buganda]], nga eyitibwa [[Yuganda|Uganda]] omulembe guno.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Xylophonist {{!}} Definition of Xylophonist by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Xylophonist |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-date=2020-12-07 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Lexico Dictionaries {{!}} English |language=en}}</ref> Amadinda gakolebwa galina emiti kkumineebiri nga gino gipangibwa ku kintu kya njuyi ttaano. Okusinga gakubibwa abantu basatu. Abakubi babiri batuula nga buli omu atunudde mu munne ne bakugakuba mu ngeri ekwatagana mu bwangu obwa waggulu. Tegaba na nsaasi oba ddoboozi lyonna lisaala, nga zino z'embeera ebbiri ez'amadinda mangi aga Afirica.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, ξύλον |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref> Amadinda kyali kivuga kikulu mu kkooti y’obwakabaka bwa Buganda, obwakabaka obusangibwa mu Uganda. Ekika ky’empulikika eky’enjawulo kati kikozesebwa ku madinda gano, nga kirimu ennamba n'ebiseera.<ref name="britannica1">{{Cite web |title=African music {{!}} History, Artists, Genres, Instruments, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/art/African-music |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> nga bwe kiri ne ku madinda agayitibwa '''embaire''', nga kino kika ekisibuka mu bukiikaddyo bwa [[Uganda]].<ref name="britannica1" /> '''<big>Balo</big>''' '''''Balo''''' ( '''''balenjeh''''', '''''behlanjeh''''' ) kino kika ekikozesebwa mu bantu b’e Mandinka mu bugwanjuba bwa Africa. Ebisumuluzo byakyo biteekebwa ku nsaasi, era kikubwa n'obuti nga bulina emitwe emikole mu labba. Abakubi bakyo batera okwambala mu ngalo obude obwekyuma ku mikono gyabwe busobole okuvaamu amaloboozi nga nwe bakuba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DSpace at Cambridge: The Behlanjeh, the national musical instrument of the Mandingos |url=http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/1240 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070627205236/http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/1240 |archive-date=2007-06-27 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.dspace.cam.ac.uk}}</ref> '''<big>Amadinda G'abazungu</big>''' Amadinda okusooka okwogerwako mu [[Bulaaya]] kwali mu kitabo kya [[Arnolt Schlick]] ekya ''Spiegel der Orgelmacher und Organisten'' (1511), gye gyitibwa ''hültze glechter'' ("okuwuuma kw'embaawo").<ref name="VSL">{{Cite web |title=History - Vienna Symphonic Library |url=https://www.vsl.co.at/en/Xylophone/History |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430183151/https://www.vsl.co.at/en/Xylophone/History |archive-date=2018-04-30 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.vsl.co.at |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Grove">{{Cite book |date=2026-09-04 |title=The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians&oldid=1373259723 |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo ennyinnyonnyola endala ezikwata ku kivuga kino, wadde ng'ekigambo "amadinda" tekyakozesebwa okutuuka mu myaka gya 1860.<ref>{{Cite book |last=TUXFORD |first=ROGERSON AND |date=1865 |title=THE LADIE'S COMPANION, |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7EYFAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA2-PA152 |language=en}}</ref> Ekivuga kino kyali kikwatagana nnyo n'ennyimba z'ekinnansi ez'amasekkati ga Bulaaya, naddala mu Poland n'obuvanjuba bwa Bugirimaani. Ekika ekyasooka kyali mu [[:en:Slovakia|Slovakia]]<ref name="Nettl MPC3">{{Cite web |date=2008-07-03 |title=Theory of Music |url=https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Theory of Music |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Oregon Symphony Players Association |url=http://www.concertgoersguide.org/onstage/instruments/thexylophone.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823183820/http://www.concertgoersguide.org/onstage/instruments/thexylophone.php |archive-date=2007-08-23 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.concertgoersguide.org}}</ref> Okusooka okukozesa amadinda mu kibiina ky'abayimbi n'abakubi b'ebivuga Abazungu kwali mu [[Camille Saint-Saëns]]’ ''[[Danse Macabre]]'', mu 1874.<ref name="made3">{{Cite web |title=How xylophone is made - manufacture, making, history, used, parts, composition, steps, History, Raw Materials |url=https://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.madehow.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera ekyo, ekivuga kino kyali ky'amanyizibwa dda [[Michael Josef Gusikov]] okutuuka ku ddaala erimu,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rainlore.demon.co.uk/Guzikow/GuzikowArchs.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-02-20 |archive-date=2006-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061230034331/http://www.rainlore.demon.co.uk/Guzikow/GuzikowArchs.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> nga ekivuga ekikye kyali ky'amadinda agaalina enkuubo ettaano agaakolebwa mu mbaawo 28 nga zisengekeddwa mu semitones mu ngeri ya trapezoid era nga zitudde ziwaniriddwa obuntu obulinda obuseke. Tewaaliwo byongera ku maloboozi era nga gakubibwa mangu n’obuti obwali bufaanana ng’ejiiko. Okusinziira ku mukugu mu by’ennyimba [[Curt Sachs]], Gusikov yayimbira mu bivvulu by’omu bifo awawummulirwa, mu ndaga ez’enjawulo, era ng’ekikolwa eky'enjawulo mu bivvulu eby'amaloboozi. Amadinda g'omu bazungu gaakozesebwanga bbandi za jjaazi ezaasooka, ne mu [[vaudeville]] . Eddoboozi ly'ago eriwulikika obulungi ly'akolanga bulungi mu nnyimba z’emyaka gya 1920 ne 1930. [[Red Norvo]], George Cary, [[George Hamilton Green]], [[Teddy Brown]], Harry Breuer ne Harry Robbins be bamu ku bakubi baago abaali bamanyiddwa ennyo. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, wajjawo ekika ky'ekivuga ekyali ekiyitibwa metal-key [[vibraphone]], eky'agayitako mu kwatiikirira nga kino kyakolebwa mu myaka gya 1920. Ekika ky'amadinda oba xylophone gye gaagenda gakendeera gaafuuka marimba era ne gayitibwa [[xylorimba]] . Mu kugaba obubonero mu bivuga, xylophone esobola okwogerwako Abafalansa aba ''claquebois'', Abagirimaani aba ''Holzharmonika'' (mu bufunze "ekivuga eky'embaawo"), oba ''Silofono'' mu [[Yitale]].<ref name="Grove2">{{Cite book |date=2026-08-30 |title=Stanley Sadie |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Sadie&oldid=1372145542 |language=en}}</ref> [[Shostakovich]] yali ayagala nnyo ekivuga kino; kirina emirimu egy’amaanyi mu mirimu gye mingi, omuli n’ennyimba ze ezisinga obungi eza [[symphony]] ne [[Cello Concerto No. 2]] ye. Xylophone era ekola kinene mu mazina ga [[Khachaturian]] aga [[Sabre Dance]] . Abazannyi ba xylophone ab’omulembe guno kuliko [[Bob Becker]], [[Evelyn Glennie]] ne Ian Finkel. Mu Amerika, waliyo bbandi za marimba ez’e [[Zimbabwe]] ezisinga obungi mu Pacific Northwest, Colorado, ne New [[Mexico]], naye bbandi ziriyo okuva ku lubalama lw’ebugwanjuba okuyita mu California n’okutuuka e Hawaii ne Alaska. Omukolo omukulu mu ekitundu gwe gwa ZimFest, ekivvulu ky’ennyimba eky'abantu abava mu Zimbabwe ekitegekebwa buli mwaka. Bbandi zino zirina ebivuga okuva ku soprano eya waggulu, okutuuka ku soprano eya wansi, tenor, baritone ne bass. Eby'ongera ku maloboozi bitera okukolebwa nga birina obutuli obubikkiddwa ne cellophane omutono (efaananako ne [[balafon]] ) okusobola okutuuka ku ddoboozi erisaala. Amazina n'ennyimba n'ebiragibwa ebirala ebya bbandi za Amerika bitera okuba n’okukwatagana okunene, olw’okuba nga biva wa muntu omu omuyimbi Omuzimbabwe ayitibwa [[Dumisani Maraire]], eyali omuntu omukulu eyasooka okuleeta ennyimba ezo eza Zimbabwe mu mawanga g’Obugwanjuba, ng’ajja mu Yunivasite y’e Washington mu 1968. '''<big>Okukozesa kwago mu by’enjigiriza eby'awansi</big>''' Abasomesa b'ebivuga n'ennyimba bangi ku nnyimba bakozesa ebyuma ebiyitibwa amadinda ng’ekintu eky’okukozesa mu kibiina okuyamba abaana okukula mu nnyimba. Enkola emu emanyiddwa olw’okukozesa ebyuma ebiyitibwa xylophones ye [[Orff-Schulwerk]], egatta enkozesa y’ebivuga, entambula, okuyimba n’okwogera okutumbula obusobozi bw’abaana mu kuyimba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=American Orff-Schulwerk Association |url=http://www.aosa.org/ |access-date=2011-11-01 |publisher=Aosa.org}}</ref> Amadinda agakozesebwa mu bibiina by’ennyimba ez’enjawulo mu Amerika matono, nga octaves, okusinga oba okusingawo octave range y'amadinda ezikola. Amadinda ga bass gakyukakyuka erra enjawulo zino ziwandiikibwa okuva ku middle C okutuuka ku A octave waggulu naye nga ziwulikika octave emu wansi okusinga ku ziwandiikiddwa. Ennyiriri za alto ziwandiikibwa okuva ku C wakati okutuuka ku A octave waggulu era ziwulikika nga bwe ziwandiikiddwa. Ennyiriri za soprano ziwandiikibwa okuva ku C wakati okutuuka ku A octave emu waggulu naye nga ziwulikika octave emu waggulu okusinga eziwandiikiddwa.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Keetman |first=Gunild |year=1958 |title=Orff-Schulwerk Music for Children |last2=Orff |first2=Carl |publisher=Schott & Co. Ltd. |location=London |translator-last=Margaret Murray}}</ref> Okusinziira ku Andrew Tracey, aga marimbas gaayingizibwa mu Zimbabwe mu 1960.<ref name="ATracey History2">{{Cite web|last=Tracey|first=Andrew|title=Marimbas History|url=http://www.kalimba.co.za/old/marimbahistory.html|website=kalimba.co.za|publisher=Andrew Tracey and Christian Carver|date=26 May 2004|access-date=30 September 2013|archive-date=30 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630191209/http://www.kalimba.co.za/old/marimbahistory.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Marimba [[ag'e Zimbabwe]] geesigamiziddwa ku [[nnyimba z’Abashona]] era nago gafuuse ga ttutumu mu mawanga g’obugwanjuba, agaatwala enkozesa y’ebivuga bino mu kusooka okukuba ebiwandiiko by’ennyimba gwa [[mbira]] dzavadzimu (nga kw’otadde ''n’ennyimba za nyunga nyunga'' ne ''matepe'' ). Ebiwandiiko bino ebisooka mu kusooka byali bikozesebwa mu kusomesa ennyimba mu Zimbabwe. Ebivuga by’e Zimbabwe bitera okuba mu minzaani ya diatonic C major, ekibisobozesa okukubirwa ne mbira ‘western-tuned’ (G nyamaropa), oluusi nga kwongerako ekisumuluzo kya F ♯ ekiteekeddwa mu layini. == Laba ne == * [[Musical Stones of Skiddaw|Amayinja g'ennyimba aga Skiddaw]] * [[Taroko Tatuk|Taroko Tatuk, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo]] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Buganda]] <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wamu n'ebyawamu == pb6ic35cf8d0ahcfjcdpuep82c45755 74334 74333 2026-09-09T17:11:21Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 corrected grammar and punctuations and de-wikilinked 74334 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Xylophone.jpg|right|thumb|Amadinda oba xylophone wamu n'obugakuba obw'enjawulo]]   <small>'''Amadinda oba Xylophone mu Lungereza''' ( mu lulimi Olu Greek olw’edda ξύλον<ref>{{Cite web |title=Xylophonist {{!}} Definition of Xylophonist by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Xylophonist |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-date=2020-12-07 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Lexico Dictionaries {{!}} English |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, ξύλον |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref> lit. ' <span class="gloss-text">eddoboozi ly'obubaawo</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> ) kino kivuga ekigwa mu ttuluba ly'ebivuga ebikolebwa mu emiti nga bikubibwa [[Obutungulu|obuti]] okuvaamu amaloboozi. Buli kabaawo kaba ddinda ly'anjawulo erikolebwa okusobola okuvaamu eddoboozi ery'enjawulo omuli erya pentatonic oba heptatonic mu mbeera y’ebivuga bingi eby’Afirica ne Asia, diatonic mu bivuga bingi eby’abaana ab’amawanga g’omubugwanjuba, oba chromatic okukozesebwa mu kibiina ky’abayimbi.</small> <small>Erinnya amadinda liyinza okukozesebwa okutwalira awamu, okuzingiramu ebivuga byonna ng’ebyo okugeza nga [[marimba]], [[balafon]] kwossa ne [[semantron]] . Naye mu kibiina ky’abayimbi, ekigambo madinda kitegeeza nnyo ekivuga ekivaamu eddoboozi ery'awaggulu erisingako katono ku buwanvu era nga gaba gakoleddwa [[embaawo]] enkalu okusinga marimba, era ebivuga bino ebibiri tebisaanidde kutabulwa. Omuntu akuba amadinda amanyiddwa nga ''xylophonist'' oba mu njogera ennyamgu ayitibwa ''mukubi w'amadinda''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Xylophonist {{!}} Definition of Xylophonist by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Xylophonist |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-date=2020-12-07 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Lexico Dictionaries {{!}} English |language=en}}</ref></small> <small>Erinnya lino era likozesebwa nnyo okutegeeza ebivuga ebifaanagana eby’ekika kya [[lithophone]] ne [[metallophone]] . Okugeza, [[Pixiphone]] n’eby’okuzannyisa bingi ebifaananako bwe bityo ababikola bye baayogerako nga amadinda agalina ebyuma mu kifo ky'embaawo, era bwe kityo mu lulimi lw'ebivuga bitwalibwa nga [[glockenspiels]] mu kifo ky'amadinda.</small> == <small>Enzimba yaago</small> == <small>Amadinda ag'omulembe mu mawanga g'omu bugwanjuba galina embaawo eziva mu miti gya [[rosewood]], [[padauk]], [[cocobolo]], oba ebintu eby’enjawulo ebikoleddwa nga [[fiberglass]] oba [[fiberglass-reinforced plastic]] ebisobozesa eddoboozi okuba ery’amaanyi.<ref name="made">{{Cite web |title=How xylophone is made - manufacture, making, history, used, parts, composition, steps, History, Raw Materials |url=https://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.madehow.com}}</ref> Agamu gasobola okusaasanya amalobozi ku bugazi bwa 21/2 ag'omu bivvuliu go gagenda okutuuka bugazi bwa 31/2 oba 4. Okufaananako ne glockenspiel, amadinda kivuga ekiyimusa amaloboozi: ebitundu byakyo biwandiikibwa octave emu wansi w’ennukuta eziwulikika.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Translate page - Wikipedia |url=https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?from=en&page=Xylophone&targettitle=Amadinda&to=lg |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=lg.wikipedia.org |language=lg}}</ref></small> <small>Amadinga g'oku bivvulu galina obuuma obwongera ku maloboozi agavaamu wansi w’embaawo okutumbula obuwanvu bw'eddoboozi n’okulikuuma. Fuleemu zikolebwa mu mbaawo oba obuuma obutali bwa bbeeyi nnene: amadinga ag'ebbeeyi gaba m'ongeremu mu buwanvu era gaba g'ongeddwamu obunywevu ku ttaka. Mu nkola z'abayimbi endala bakozesa [[nsaasi]]<ref name="made2">{{Cite web |title=How xylophone is made - manufacture, making, history, used, parts, composition, steps, History, Raw Materials |url=https://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.madehow.com}}</ref> nga zeezikola mu kuyamba okwongera eddoboozi. Amadinga amalala gaba ga kika kya "trough" nga gaba ne'kituli kimu ekikola ku kwongeza amaloboozi eri obuuma bwonna.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=VIENNA SYMPHONIC LIBRARY > VIENNA ACADEMY > Percussion > Mallets > Xylophone > HISTORY |url=http://www.vsl.co.at/en/70/3196/3204/3205/5729.vsl |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808061925/http://www.vsl.co.at/en/70/3196/3204/3205/5729.vsl |archive-date=2012-08-08 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.vsl.co.at}}</ref> Enkola enkadde zaalimu okusengeka embaawo wamu ku , era, n’okutuusa kati kikolebwa n’okutuusa kati, okuteeka embaawo nga ziriraanaganye mu nsengeka eringa ey'amadaala. Obuti obugakuba edda bw'akolebwanga Ensigo ez’edda zaakolebwanga mu mbaawo z’omuti gwa willow nga ku nkomerero zazo kuliko ebibya ebiringa ekijiiko.<ref name="made2" /></small> '''<small>Obuti obukuba amadinda</small>''' <small>Amadinda galina okukubwa n'obuti bwa labba, polyball oba acrylic. Oluusi obuti bwa labba ali wakatikkati n'omugumu ennyo oba obw’obuwuzi bwe bikozesebwa okukola amaloboozi amagonvu. Amaloboozi amagonvu gasobola okukolebwa ku madinda nga bakozesa obuti obuliko emitwe egy’embaawo ezikoleddwa mu muti gwa rosewood, ebony, birch oba emiti emirala emigumu.</small> '''<small>Ebyafaayo by'ago</small>''' <small>Ekivuga kino kirina ensibuko y’edda etamanyiddwa. Nettl yagamba nti yasibuka mu bukiikaddyo bw’obuvanjuba bwa Asia n’ejja mu Afrika c. AD 500 ekibinja ky’abantu aboogera Oluaustronesia bwe baasenguka ne bagenda mu Afirica, ne bageraageranya ebibiina by’abakubi b'amadinda ab’omu Buvanjuba bwa Africa n’ebibiina by’abazannyi baago mu aba gamelan ab'e Javanese ne Balinese.<ref name="Nettl MPC">{{Cite web |date=2008-07-03 |title=Theory of Music |url=https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Theory of Music |language=en}}</ref> 1 . 18–19, 19 . 100 Endowooza eno yasoomoozebwa omukugu mu nnyimba z’amawanga era omukugu mu nnimi Roger Blench, nga agamba nti ensibuko eyetongodde ey'amadinda eri mu Africa, ng’awa, mu bujulizi obw’okuyiiya mu kitundu, ebifaananyi eby’enjawulo eby'amadinda ga Afirica n’ebika by'amadinda eby’enjawulo ennyo n’ebivuga ebiringa amadinda mu Afirica.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sub-Saharan African Instruments at the National Music Museum |url=http://orgs.usd.edu:80/nmm/Africa/SubSaharanAfrica.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20160315063731/http://orgs.usd.edu:80/nmm/Africa/SubSaharanAfrica.html |archive-date=2016-03-15 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=orgs.usd.edu}}</ref></small> '''<small>Amadinda g'omu Asia</small>''' <small>Obujulizi obwasooka ku madinda nti amatuufu gava mu kyasa eky’omwenda mu [[bukiikaddyo bw’obuvanjuba bwa Asia]], ate ekivuga eky’embaawo ekiwaniriddwa ekifaananako bwe kityo, ekika kya [[harmonicon]], kigambibwa nti Vienna Symphonic Library yaliwo mu 2000 BC mu kitundu kati ekitundu ku nsi ya China. Ekivuga ekiringa amadinda kyakozesebwa mu bitundu [[by’Abahindu]] (kashta tharang). Mu [[Indonesia]], ebitundu bitono ebirina ekika kyabyo eky'amadinda. Mu [[North Sumatra]], [[Abantu b'e Toba Batak]] bakozesa amadinda ag'embaawo agamanyiddwa nga [[Garantung]] (ekiwandiikibwa nga: "garattung"). [[Java]] ne [[Bali]] bakozesa amadinda (agayitibwa [[gambang]], [[Rindik]] ne [[Tingklik]] ) mu nsengeka za [[Za gamelan|gamelan]] . gakyalina amakulu ag’ennono mu [[Malaysia]], [[Melanesia]], Indonesia, [[Thailand]], [[Myanmar]], n’ebitundu by’America. Mu Myanmar, amadinda gamanyiddwa nga [[Pattala]] era mu bujjuvu ekolebwa mu mmuli.</small> '''<small>Amadinda ga Africa</small>''' Erinnya ''marimba'' era likozesebwa ku bivuga by'ennono eby'enjawulo nga ''[[balafon]]'' y'omu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa. Fbika ebyasooka by'akolebwanga nga birina obubaawo wamu n'[[ensaasi]]. <ref name=":0" /> Olubaawo lw'asookanga kw'okyebwako ku muliro eky'ayambanga okuluwa eddoboozi lye baabanga baagala. Akoongeza ekisumuluzo kaakolebwangako okuwa ekisumuluzo nga bayita mu kulonda n’obwegendereza sayizi yaako, okukyusakyusa obugazi bw'akamwa kaako nga bakozesa wasp wax n’okutereeza obuwanvu bw’ekisumuluzo okusukkako ku kongeza ekisumuluzo. Omukozi omukugu asobola okukola nga amaloboozi mawanvu mu ngeri eyeewuunyisa. Obuti obukozesebwa okukuba ebika bya ''dibinda'' ne ''mbila'' bulina emitwe egyakolebwa mu labba aggyiddwa mu kimera ekiranda eky'omu nsiko.<ref name="answers1">{{Cite web |title=Answers - The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions |url=https://www.answers.com/redirectSearch |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Answers |language=en}}</ref> endongo "ekwatagana " oba ekyukakyuka eri mu nvuga y'amadinda g'Obuvanjuba bwa Africa okugeza nga eya Makonde ''dimbila'', Yao ''mangolongondo'' oba Shirima ''mangwilo'' nga mu kino ''opachera'', eyasookanga [[okuyita]], yaddibwangamu omukubi omulala ayitibwa ''wakulela''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, ξύλον |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref> Kino kitera okukubisaamu emirundi ebiri omuli okuba [[rhythmic pulse]] ogw’amangu edda oguyinza n’okubeera awamu ne [[counter rhythm]] . '''Mbila''' Mbila (mu bungi "timbila") kika ekikwatagana n'abantu b'e [[Chopi]] ab'omu ssaza ly'e Inhambane, mu bukiikaddyo bwa [[Mozambique]]. <ref name="answers12">{{Cite web |title=Answers - The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions |url=https://www.answers.com/redirectSearch |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Answers |language=en}}</ref> Tekirina kutabulwa na [[mbira]]. [[Omusono]] gw’onvuga yaago n'ennyimba eziyimbirwako kigireetera okuba nga y'enkola esinga okuba enzibu oba eyeekikugu kyokka nga esanngibwa mu bantu abatali baayivu bulungi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Xylophonist {{!}} Definition of Xylophonist by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Xylophonist |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-date=2020-12-07 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Lexico Dictionaries {{!}} English |language=en}}</ref> Amadinda gano ag'e [[:en:Mozambique|Mozambique]] gakubibwa mu bibinja ebinene ku mazina amayiiye obulungi, oba oly'awo nga galaga emizannyo egikwata ku byafaayo. Ebibinja by'abazinnyi bibaamu amadinda agawera nga kkumi ag'obunene obwa sayizi ssatu oba nnya. Ekibiina ky’abayimbi ekijjuvu kiyinza okuba n'ebivuga bibiri ebya bass ebiyitibwa gulu nga biriko ebisumuluzo by’embaawo bisatu oba bina ebikubibwa nga bayimiridde nga bakozesa obuti obukuba obuzito obuliko emitwe gya labba emigumu, tenor dibinda ssatu, nga biriko ebisumuluzo kkumi era nga bikubibwa nga batudde, ne mbila yennyini, erimu ebisumuluzo ebituuka ku kkumi na mwenda nga ku bino okutuuka ku munaana biyinza okukubibwa omulundi gumu. Gulu ekozesa ensaasi, ate mbila ne dibinda Masala bakozesa bisusunku by’amakovu amatono nga ebyongeza ku maloboozi. Ziwerekera amazina n’ennyimba z'ennono empanvu ebiyitibwa ngomi oba mgodo era nga zirimu ebitundu by’ennyimba nga kkumi nga ziteereddwa mu bibinja 4 ez’enjawulo, nga biriko ‘oluyimba oba omuzannyo oba amazina agaggulawo’, mu [[kudduka kw'ebivuga bino]] n’emisono egy’enjawulo. Omukulembeze w’ekibiina aweereza ng’omutontomi, omuyimbi, ayimbisa banne [[n’omuzannyi]], ng’akola ekiwandiiko, ayiiya oluyimba nga mu ngeri emu lwekuusa ku mpulikika y'olulimi lw'aba Chopi n’okuyiiya layini eyookubiri ey’okugatta emidigido. Abayimbi b’ekibiina kino bayiiya ekitundu ku bitundu byabwe. Olwo omuyimbi yeebuuza ku muyiiya w'amazina ow'omukolo ogwo era enkyukakyuka ne zikolebwa.<ref name="Nettl MPC2">{{Cite web |date=2008-07-03 |title=Theory of Music |url=https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Theory of Music |language=en}}</ref> Ekisinga obuwanvu era ekisinga obukulu ku bino ye "Mzeno" eba egenda okubeeramu oluyimba olunyumya ku nsonga ey'omugaso mu kitundu oba n'okusaagira ku muntu omututumufu mu kitundu! <ref name="answers12" /> Abayimbi kuliko Eduardo Durão ne Venancio Mbande.<ref name="answers12" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, ξύλον |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Translate page - Wikipedia |url=https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?from=en&page=Xylophone&targettitle=Amadinda&to=lg |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=lg.wikipedia.org |language=lg}}</ref> '''<big>Gyil</big>''' Gyil (mu Lungereza: /ˈdʒɪlə, dʒiːl/) kye kika [[ekirina sayidi ettaano]] ky'ekivuga ekikozesebwa abantu aboogera olulimi lwa [[Gur]] mu [[Ghana]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Mali]] ne [[Ivory Coast]] mu [[West Africa]]. Gyil kye kivuga ekikulu eky'obuwangwa eky'abantu ba [[Dagara]]" ab'omu bukiikakkono bwa Ghana ne Burkina Faso, n'abantu [[Abalobi]] mu Ghana, abasangibwa mu bukiikaddyo bwa Burkina Faso, ne mu Ivory Coast. Ekivuga kino kikubibwa abatu babiribabiri, nga zigenda wamu n'ensaasi ezikolebwa mu ndeku nga ziyitibwa ''kuor''. Kisobola n'okukubibwa omuntu omu nga kugenderako engoma ekubibwa n'obuti, oba omuyimbi akulemberamu. Okukuba ekivuga kino nga kiri wamu n'ebyo kikubibwa nnyo mu nsonga z'ekinnansi mu nsonga z'okuziika mu bantu ba Dagara. Ekivuga kino kisinga kukubibwa basajja, nga bano bakiyiga bakyali bato, naye nga tekirina kukugira kwekuusa ku kikula. Enkola y'ekivuga kino efaananako n’eya ''Balaba'' oba [[Balafon]] ekikozesebwa abantu aboogera [[Olumande]] nga ba -[[Bambara]], [[Dyula]] n'aba [[Sosso]] mu bitundu eby'ewala mu Bugwanjuba mu bitundu by'Oukiikaddyo bwa [[Mali]] n’obugwanjuba bwa [[Burkina Faso]], ekitundu ekirimu ennono nnyingi ez’ennyimba n’ez’omu bukiikakkono bwa Ivory Coast ne Ghana. Kikolebwa n’ebisumuluzo by’embaawo 14 eby’omuti omugumu ogw’omu Afirica oguyitibwa liga nga biteekebwa ku lubaawo nga wansi wabaayo [[ensaasi]] nga zirengejja.<ref name="Colter2008">{{Cite web |url=http://contexts.org/articles/winter-2008/harper/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-02-06 |archive-date=2008-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505053140/http://contexts.org/articles/winter-2008/harper/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ensaasi ziba n'obusaanikira obwa sirika nga bulinga ennyumba za nnabbubi obuyamba okuvaamu eddoboozo erisaala ne bakozesa eddiba ly'engabi okusiba okunyweza.<ref name="Colter2008" /> Ekivuga kino kikubiddwa n’obuti bw’embaawo obuliko emitwe gya labba. '''<big>Silimba</big>''' '''Silimba''' g'emadinda agakozesebwa ennyo mu bantu abayitibwa ab'aNkoya n'Abalozi ab'e [[Barotseland]] mu bugwanjuba bwa [[Zambia]] .<ref name="ATracey History">{{Cite web |last=Carver |first=Christian |title=Marimba History |url=http://www.kalimba.co.za/old/marimbahistory.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630191209/http://www.kalimba.co.za/old/marimbahistory.html |archive-date=2017-06-30 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.kalimba.co.za}}</ref> Ebisumuluzo ebiteekeddwateekeddwa bisibibwa waggulu w'ensaasi ezivuga.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambian Culture |url=https://www.zambiatourism.com/about-zambia/people/culture/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Zambia Tourism |language=en-US}}</ref> Gano nga gamanyiddwa nga shinjimba mu ba Nkoya, nga gakubibwa ku Kazanga, omukolo gw’obwakabaka ogw’ennono ogw’Abankoya. Silimba kitundu kikulu nnyo mu nnono z’ennyimba z’obuwangwa ez’abantu b’e [[Lozi]] era osobola okugiwulira ku mukolo gw'abwe ogw’e [[Kuomboka]] ogutegekebwa buli mwaka. Silimba kati ekozesebwa mu bitundu bya Zambia ebisinga obungi. '''<big>Akadinda, amadinda ne mbaire</big>''' '''Akadinda,''' '''amadinda''' nga bwe gayitibwa mu luganda bivuga ebisibuka mu [[Buganda]], nga eyitibwa [[Yuganda|Uganda]] omulembe guno.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Xylophonist {{!}} Definition of Xylophonist by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Xylophonist |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-date=2020-12-07 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Lexico Dictionaries {{!}} English |language=en}}</ref> Amadinda gakolebwa galina emiti kkumineebiri nga gino gipangibwa ku kintu kya njuyi ttaano. Okusinga gakubibwa abantu basatu. Abakubi babiri batuula nga buli omu atunudde mu munne ne bakugakuba mu ngeri ekwatagana mu bwangu obwa waggulu. Tegaba na nsaasi oba ddoboozi lyonna lisaala, nga zino z'embeera ebbiri ez'amadinda mangi aga Afirica.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, ξύλον |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref> Amadinda kyali kivuga kikulu mu kkooti y’obwakabaka bwa Buganda, obwakabaka obusangibwa mu Uganda. Ekika ky’empulikika eky’enjawulo kati kikozesebwa ku madinda gano, nga kirimu [[ennamba]] n'ebiseera.<ref name="britannica1">{{Cite web |title=African music {{!}} History, Artists, Genres, Instruments, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/art/African-music |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> nga bwe kiri ne ku madinda agayitibwa '''embaire''', nga kino kika ekisibuka mu bukiikaddyo bwa [[Uganda]].<ref name="britannica1" /> '''<big>Balo</big>''' '''''Balo''''' ( '''''balenjeh''''', '''''behlanjeh''''' ) kino kika ekikozesebwa mu bantu b’e Mandinka mu bugwanjuba bwa Africa. Ebisumuluzo byakyo biteekebwa ku nsaasi, era kikubwa n'obuti nga bulina emitwe emikole mu labba. Abakubi bakyo batera okwambala mu ngalo obude obwekyuma ku mikono gyabwe busobole okuvaamu amaloboozi nga nwe bakuba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DSpace at Cambridge: The Behlanjeh, the national musical instrument of the Mandingos |url=http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/1240 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070627205236/http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/1240 |archive-date=2007-06-27 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.dspace.cam.ac.uk}}</ref> '''<big>Amadinda G'abazungu</big>''' Amadinda okusooka okwogerwako mu [[Bulaaya]] kwali mu kitabo kya [[Arnolt Schlick]] ekya ''Spiegel der Orgelmacher und Organisten'' (1511), gye gyitibwa ''hültze glechter'' ("okuwuuma kw'embaawo").<ref name="VSL">{{Cite web |title=History - Vienna Symphonic Library |url=https://www.vsl.co.at/en/Xylophone/History |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430183151/https://www.vsl.co.at/en/Xylophone/History |archive-date=2018-04-30 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.vsl.co.at |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Grove">{{Cite book |date=2026-09-04 |title=The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians&oldid=1373259723 |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo ennyinnyonnyola endala ezikwata ku kivuga kino, wadde ng'ekigambo "amadinda" tekyakozesebwa okutuuka mu myaka gya 1860.<ref>{{Cite book |last=TUXFORD |first=ROGERSON AND |date=1865 |title=THE LADIE'S COMPANION, |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7EYFAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA2-PA152 |language=en}}</ref> Ekivuga kino kyali kikwatagana nnyo n'ennyimba z'ekinnansi ez'amasekkati ga Bulaaya, naddala mu Poland n'obuvanjuba bwa Bugirimaani. Ekika ekyasooka kyali mu [[:en:Slovakia|Slovakia]]<ref name="Nettl MPC3">{{Cite web |date=2008-07-03 |title=Theory of Music |url=https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Theory of Music |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Oregon Symphony Players Association |url=http://www.concertgoersguide.org/onstage/instruments/thexylophone.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823183820/http://www.concertgoersguide.org/onstage/instruments/thexylophone.php |archive-date=2007-08-23 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.concertgoersguide.org}}</ref> Okusooka okukozesa amadinda mu kibiina ky'abayimbi n'abakubi b'ebivuga Abazungu kwali mu [[Camille Saint-Saëns]]’ ''[[Danse Macabre]]'', mu 1874.<ref name="made3">{{Cite web |title=How xylophone is made - manufacture, making, history, used, parts, composition, steps, History, Raw Materials |url=https://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.madehow.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera ekyo, ekivuga kino kyali ky'amanyizibwa dda [[Michael Josef Gusikov]] okutuuka ku ddaala erimu,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rainlore.demon.co.uk/Guzikow/GuzikowArchs.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-02-20 |archive-date=2006-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061230034331/http://www.rainlore.demon.co.uk/Guzikow/GuzikowArchs.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> nga ekivuga ekikye kyali ky'amadinda agaalina enkuubo ettaano agaakolebwa mu mbaawo 28 nga zisengekeddwa mu semitones mu ngeri ya trapezoid era nga zitudde ziwaniriddwa obuntu obulinda obuseke. Tewaaliwo byongera ku maloboozi era nga gakubibwa mangu n’obuti obwali bufaanana ng’ejiiko. Okusinziira ku mukugu mu by’ennyimba [[Curt Sachs]], Gusikov yayimbira mu bivvulu by’omu bifo awawummulirwa, mu ndaga ez’enjawulo, era ng’ekikolwa eky'enjawulo mu bivvulu eby'amaloboozi. Amadinda g'omu bazungu gaakozesebwanga bbandi za jjaazi ezaasooka, ne mu [[vaudeville]] . Eddoboozi ly'ago eriwulikika obulungi ly'akolanga bulungi mu nnyimba z’emyaka gya 1920 ne 1930. [[Red Norvo]], George Cary, [[George Hamilton Green]], [[Teddy Brown]], Harry Breuer ne Harry Robbins be bamu ku bakubi baago abaali bamanyiddwa ennyo. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, wajjawo ekika ky'ekivuga ekyali ekiyitibwa metal-key [[vibraphone]], eky'agayitako mu kwatiikirira nga kino kyakolebwa mu myaka gya 1920. Ekika ky'amadinda oba xylophone gye gaagenda gakendeera gaafuuka marimba era ne gayitibwa [[xylorimba]] . Mu kugaba obubonero mu bivuga, xylophone esobola okwogerwako Abafalansa aba ''claquebois'', Abagirimaani aba ''Holzharmonika'' (mu bufunze "ekivuga eky'embaawo"), oba ''Silofono'' mu [[Yitale]].<ref name="Grove2">{{Cite book |date=2026-08-30 |title=Stanley Sadie |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Sadie&oldid=1372145542 |language=en}}</ref> [[Shostakovich]] yali ayagala nnyo ekivuga kino; kirina emirimu egy’amaanyi mu mirimu gye mingi, omuli n’ennyimba ze ezisinga obungi eza [[symphony]] ne [[Cello Concerto No. 2]] ye. Xylophone era ekola kinene mu mazina ga [[Khachaturian]] aga [[Sabre Dance]] . Abazannyi ba xylophone ab’omulembe guno kuliko [[Bob Becker]], [[Evelyn Glennie]] ne Ian Finkel. Mu Amerika, waliyo bbandi za marimba ez’e [[Zimbabwe]] ezisinga obungi mu Pacific Northwest, Colorado, ne New [[Mexico]], naye bbandi ziriyo okuva ku lubalama lw’ebugwanjuba okuyita mu California n’okutuuka e Hawaii ne Alaska. Omukolo omukulu mu ekitundu gwe gwa ZimFest, ekivvulu ky’ennyimba eky'abantu abava mu Zimbabwe ekitegekebwa buli mwaka. Bbandi zino zirina ebivuga okuva ku soprano eya waggulu, okutuuka ku soprano eya wansi, tenor, baritone ne bass. Eby'ongera ku maloboozi bitera okukolebwa nga birina obutuli obubikkiddwa ne cellophane omutono (efaananako ne [[balafon]] ) okusobola okutuuka ku ddoboozi erisaala. Amazina n'ennyimba n'ebiragibwa ebirala ebya bbandi za Amerika bitera okuba n’okukwatagana okunene, olw’okuba nga biva wa muntu omu omuyimbi Omuzimbabwe ayitibwa [[Dumisani Maraire]], eyali omuntu omukulu eyasooka okuleeta ennyimba ezo eza Zimbabwe mu mawanga g’Obugwanjuba, ng’ajja mu Yunivasite y’e Washington mu 1968. '''<big>Okukozesa kwago mu by’enjigiriza eby'awansi</big>''' Abasomesa b'ebivuga n'ennyimba bangi ku nnyimba bakozesa ebyuma ebiyitibwa amadinda ng’ekintu eky’okukozesa mu kibiina okuyamba abaana okukula mu nnyimba. Enkola emu emanyiddwa olw’okukozesa ebyuma ebiyitibwa xylophones ye [[Orff-Schulwerk]], egatta enkozesa y’ebivuga, entambula, okuyimba n’okwogera okutumbula obusobozi bw’abaana mu kuyimba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=American Orff-Schulwerk Association |url=http://www.aosa.org/ |access-date=2011-11-01 |publisher=Aosa.org}}</ref> Amadinda agakozesebwa mu bibiina by’ennyimba ez’enjawulo mu Amerika matono, nga octaves, okusinga oba okusingawo octave range y'amadinda ezikola. Amadinda ga bass gakyukakyuka erra enjawulo zino ziwandiikibwa okuva ku middle C okutuuka ku A octave waggulu naye nga ziwulikika octave emu wansi okusinga ku ziwandiikiddwa. Ennyiriri za alto ziwandiikibwa okuva ku C wakati okutuuka ku A octave waggulu era ziwulikika nga bwe ziwandiikiddwa. Ennyiriri za soprano ziwandiikibwa okuva ku C wakati okutuuka ku A octave emu waggulu naye nga ziwulikika octave emu waggulu okusinga eziwandiikiddwa.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Keetman |first=Gunild |year=1958 |title=Orff-Schulwerk Music for Children |last2=Orff |first2=Carl |publisher=Schott & Co. Ltd. |location=London |translator-last=Margaret Murray}}</ref> Okusinziira ku Andrew Tracey, aga marimbas gaayingizibwa mu Zimbabwe mu 1960.<ref name="ATracey History2">{{Cite web|last=Tracey|first=Andrew|title=Marimbas History|url=http://www.kalimba.co.za/old/marimbahistory.html|website=kalimba.co.za|publisher=Andrew Tracey and Christian Carver|date=26 May 2004|access-date=30 September 2013|archive-date=30 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630191209/http://www.kalimba.co.za/old/marimbahistory.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Marimba [[ag'e Zimbabwe]] geesigamiziddwa ku [[nnyimba z’Abashona]] era nago gafuuse ga ttutumu mu mawanga g’obugwanjuba, agaatwala enkozesa y’ebivuga bino mu kusooka okukuba ebiwandiiko by’ennyimba gwa [[mbira]] dzavadzimu (nga kw’otadde ''n’ennyimba za nyunga nyunga'' ne ''matepe'' ). Ebiwandiiko bino ebisooka mu kusooka byali bikozesebwa mu kusomesa ennyimba mu Zimbabwe. Ebivuga by’e Zimbabwe bitera okuba mu minzaani ya diatonic C major, ekibisobozesa okukubirwa ne mbira ‘western-tuned’ (G nyamaropa), oluusi nga kwongerako ekisumuluzo kya F ♯ ekiteekeddwa mu layini. == Laba ne == * [[Musical Stones of Skiddaw|Amayinja g'ennyimba aga Skiddaw]] * [[Taroko Tatuk|Taroko Tatuk, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo]] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Buganda]] <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wamu n'ebyawamu == i68rlpotfi1y6twg01cv1ht743s8q7s 74335 74334 2026-09-09T17:18:37Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 added categories 74335 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Xylophone.jpg|right|thumb|Amadinda oba xylophone wamu n'obugakuba obw'enjawulo]]   <small>'''Amadinda oba Xylophone mu Lungereza''' ( mu lulimi Olu Greek olw’edda ξύλον<ref>{{Cite web |title=Xylophonist {{!}} Definition of Xylophonist by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Xylophonist |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-date=2020-12-07 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Lexico Dictionaries {{!}} English |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, ξύλον |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref> lit. ' <span class="gloss-text">eddoboozi ly'obubaawo</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> ) kino kivuga ekigwa mu ttuluba ly'ebivuga ebikolebwa mu emiti nga bikubibwa [[Obutungulu|obuti]] okuvaamu amaloboozi. Buli kabaawo kaba ddinda ly'anjawulo erikolebwa okusobola okuvaamu eddoboozi ery'enjawulo omuli erya pentatonic oba heptatonic mu mbeera y’ebivuga bingi eby’Afirica ne Asia, diatonic mu bivuga bingi eby’abaana ab’amawanga g’omubugwanjuba, oba chromatic okukozesebwa mu kibiina ky’abayimbi.</small> <small>Erinnya amadinda liyinza okukozesebwa okutwalira awamu, okuzingiramu ebivuga byonna ng’ebyo okugeza nga [[marimba]], [[balafon]] kwossa ne [[semantron]] . Naye mu kibiina ky’abayimbi, ekigambo madinda kitegeeza nnyo ekivuga ekivaamu eddoboozi ery'awaggulu erisingako katono ku buwanvu era nga gaba gakoleddwa [[embaawo]] enkalu okusinga marimba, era ebivuga bino ebibiri tebisaanidde kutabulwa. Omuntu akuba amadinda amanyiddwa nga ''xylophonist'' oba mu njogera ennyamgu ayitibwa ''mukubi w'amadinda''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Xylophonist {{!}} Definition of Xylophonist by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Xylophonist |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-date=2020-12-07 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Lexico Dictionaries {{!}} English |language=en}}</ref></small> <small>Erinnya lino era likozesebwa nnyo okutegeeza ebivuga ebifaanagana eby’ekika kya [[lithophone]] ne [[metallophone]] . Okugeza, [[Pixiphone]] n’eby’okuzannyisa bingi ebifaananako bwe bityo ababikola bye baayogerako nga amadinda agalina ebyuma mu kifo ky'embaawo, era bwe kityo mu lulimi lw'ebivuga bitwalibwa nga [[glockenspiels]] mu kifo ky'amadinda.</small> == <small>Enzimba yaago</small> == <small>Amadinda ag'omulembe mu mawanga g'omu bugwanjuba galina embaawo eziva mu miti gya [[rosewood]], [[padauk]], [[cocobolo]], oba ebintu eby’enjawulo ebikoleddwa nga [[fiberglass]] oba [[fiberglass-reinforced plastic]] ebisobozesa eddoboozi okuba ery’amaanyi.<ref name="made">{{Cite web |title=How xylophone is made - manufacture, making, history, used, parts, composition, steps, History, Raw Materials |url=https://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.madehow.com}}</ref> Agamu gasobola okusaasanya amalobozi ku bugazi bwa 21/2 ag'omu bivvuliu go gagenda okutuuka bugazi bwa 31/2 oba 4. Okufaananako ne glockenspiel, amadinda kivuga ekiyimusa amaloboozi: ebitundu byakyo biwandiikibwa octave emu wansi w’ennukuta eziwulikika.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Translate page - Wikipedia |url=https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?from=en&page=Xylophone&targettitle=Amadinda&to=lg |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=lg.wikipedia.org |language=lg}}</ref></small> <small>Amadinga g'oku bivvulu galina obuuma obwongera ku maloboozi agavaamu wansi w’embaawo okutumbula obuwanvu bw'eddoboozi n’okulikuuma. Fuleemu zikolebwa mu mbaawo oba obuuma obutali bwa bbeeyi nnene: amadinga ag'ebbeeyi gaba m'ongeremu mu buwanvu era gaba g'ongeddwamu obunywevu ku ttaka. Mu nkola z'abayimbi endala bakozesa [[nsaasi]]<ref name="made2">{{Cite web |title=How xylophone is made - manufacture, making, history, used, parts, composition, steps, History, Raw Materials |url=https://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.madehow.com}}</ref> nga zeezikola mu kuyamba okwongera eddoboozi. Amadinga amalala gaba ga kika kya "trough" nga gaba ne'kituli kimu ekikola ku kwongeza amaloboozi eri obuuma bwonna.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=VIENNA SYMPHONIC LIBRARY > VIENNA ACADEMY > Percussion > Mallets > Xylophone > HISTORY |url=http://www.vsl.co.at/en/70/3196/3204/3205/5729.vsl |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808061925/http://www.vsl.co.at/en/70/3196/3204/3205/5729.vsl |archive-date=2012-08-08 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.vsl.co.at}}</ref> Enkola enkadde zaalimu okusengeka embaawo wamu ku , era, n’okutuusa kati kikolebwa n’okutuusa kati, okuteeka embaawo nga ziriraanaganye mu nsengeka eringa ey'amadaala. Obuti obugakuba edda bw'akolebwanga Ensigo ez’edda zaakolebwanga mu mbaawo z’omuti gwa willow nga ku nkomerero zazo kuliko ebibya ebiringa ekijiiko.<ref name="made2" /></small> '''<small>Obuti obukuba amadinda</small>''' <small>Amadinda galina okukubwa n'obuti bwa labba, polyball oba acrylic. Oluusi obuti bwa labba ali wakatikkati n'omugumu ennyo oba obw’obuwuzi bwe bikozesebwa okukola amaloboozi amagonvu. Amaloboozi amagonvu gasobola okukolebwa ku madinda nga bakozesa obuti obuliko emitwe egy’embaawo ezikoleddwa mu muti gwa rosewood, ebony, birch oba emiti emirala emigumu.</small> '''<small>Ebyafaayo by'ago</small>''' <small>Ekivuga kino kirina ensibuko y’edda etamanyiddwa. Nettl yagamba nti yasibuka mu bukiikaddyo bw’obuvanjuba bwa Asia n’ejja mu Afrika c. AD 500 ekibinja ky’abantu aboogera Oluaustronesia bwe baasenguka ne bagenda mu Afirica, ne bageraageranya ebibiina by’abakubi b'amadinda ab’omu Buvanjuba bwa Africa n’ebibiina by’abazannyi baago mu aba gamelan ab'e Javanese ne Balinese.<ref name="Nettl MPC">{{Cite web |date=2008-07-03 |title=Theory of Music |url=https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Theory of Music |language=en}}</ref> 1 . 18–19, 19 . 100 Endowooza eno yasoomoozebwa omukugu mu nnyimba z’amawanga era omukugu mu nnimi Roger Blench, nga agamba nti ensibuko eyetongodde ey'amadinda eri mu Africa, ng’awa, mu bujulizi obw’okuyiiya mu kitundu, ebifaananyi eby’enjawulo eby'amadinda ga Afirica n’ebika by'amadinda eby’enjawulo ennyo n’ebivuga ebiringa amadinda mu Afirica.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sub-Saharan African Instruments at the National Music Museum |url=http://orgs.usd.edu:80/nmm/Africa/SubSaharanAfrica.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20160315063731/http://orgs.usd.edu:80/nmm/Africa/SubSaharanAfrica.html |archive-date=2016-03-15 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=orgs.usd.edu}}</ref></small> '''<small>Amadinda g'omu Asia</small>''' <small>Obujulizi obwasooka ku madinda nti amatuufu gava mu kyasa eky’omwenda mu [[bukiikaddyo bw’obuvanjuba bwa Asia]], ate ekivuga eky’embaawo ekiwaniriddwa ekifaananako bwe kityo, ekika kya [[harmonicon]], kigambibwa nti Vienna Symphonic Library yaliwo mu 2000 BC mu kitundu kati ekitundu ku nsi ya China. Ekivuga ekiringa amadinda kyakozesebwa mu bitundu [[by’Abahindu]] (kashta tharang). Mu [[Indonesia]], ebitundu bitono ebirina ekika kyabyo eky'amadinda. Mu [[North Sumatra]], [[Abantu b'e Toba Batak]] bakozesa amadinda ag'embaawo agamanyiddwa nga [[Garantung]] (ekiwandiikibwa nga: "garattung"). [[Java]] ne [[Bali]] bakozesa amadinda (agayitibwa [[gambang]], [[Rindik]] ne [[Tingklik]] ) mu nsengeka za [[Za gamelan|gamelan]] . gakyalina amakulu ag’ennono mu [[Malaysia]], [[Melanesia]], Indonesia, [[Thailand]], [[Myanmar]], n’ebitundu by’America. Mu Myanmar, amadinda gamanyiddwa nga [[Pattala]] era mu bujjuvu ekolebwa mu mmuli.</small> '''<small>Amadinda ga Africa</small>''' Erinnya ''marimba'' era likozesebwa ku bivuga by'ennono eby'enjawulo nga ''[[balafon]]'' y'omu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa. Fbika ebyasooka by'akolebwanga nga birina obubaawo wamu n'[[ensaasi]]. <ref name=":0" /> Olubaawo lw'asookanga kw'okyebwako ku muliro eky'ayambanga okuluwa eddoboozi lye baabanga baagala. Akoongeza ekisumuluzo kaakolebwangako okuwa ekisumuluzo nga bayita mu kulonda n’obwegendereza sayizi yaako, okukyusakyusa obugazi bw'akamwa kaako nga bakozesa wasp wax n’okutereeza obuwanvu bw’ekisumuluzo okusukkako ku kongeza ekisumuluzo. Omukozi omukugu asobola okukola nga amaloboozi mawanvu mu ngeri eyeewuunyisa. Obuti obukozesebwa okukuba ebika bya ''dibinda'' ne ''mbila'' bulina emitwe egyakolebwa mu labba aggyiddwa mu kimera ekiranda eky'omu nsiko.<ref name="answers1">{{Cite web |title=Answers - The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions |url=https://www.answers.com/redirectSearch |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Answers |language=en}}</ref> endongo "ekwatagana " oba ekyukakyuka eri mu nvuga y'amadinda g'Obuvanjuba bwa Africa okugeza nga eya Makonde ''dimbila'', Yao ''mangolongondo'' oba Shirima ''mangwilo'' nga mu kino ''opachera'', eyasookanga [[okuyita]], yaddibwangamu omukubi omulala ayitibwa ''wakulela''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, ξύλον |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref> Kino kitera okukubisaamu emirundi ebiri omuli okuba [[rhythmic pulse]] ogw’amangu edda oguyinza n’okubeera awamu ne [[counter rhythm]] . '''Mbila''' Mbila (mu bungi "timbila") kika ekikwatagana n'abantu b'e [[Chopi]] ab'omu ssaza ly'e Inhambane, mu bukiikaddyo bwa [[Mozambique]]. <ref name="answers12">{{Cite web |title=Answers - The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions |url=https://www.answers.com/redirectSearch |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Answers |language=en}}</ref> Tekirina kutabulwa na [[mbira]]. [[Omusono]] gw’onvuga yaago n'ennyimba eziyimbirwako kigireetera okuba nga y'enkola esinga okuba enzibu oba eyeekikugu kyokka nga esanngibwa mu bantu abatali baayivu bulungi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Xylophonist {{!}} Definition of Xylophonist by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Xylophonist |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-date=2020-12-07 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Lexico Dictionaries {{!}} English |language=en}}</ref> Amadinda gano ag'e [[:en:Mozambique|Mozambique]] gakubibwa mu bibinja ebinene ku mazina amayiiye obulungi, oba oly'awo nga galaga emizannyo egikwata ku byafaayo. Ebibinja by'abazinnyi bibaamu amadinda agawera nga kkumi ag'obunene obwa sayizi ssatu oba nnya. Ekibiina ky’abayimbi ekijjuvu kiyinza okuba n'ebivuga bibiri ebya bass ebiyitibwa gulu nga biriko ebisumuluzo by’embaawo bisatu oba bina ebikubibwa nga bayimiridde nga bakozesa obuti obukuba obuzito obuliko emitwe gya labba emigumu, tenor dibinda ssatu, nga biriko ebisumuluzo kkumi era nga bikubibwa nga batudde, ne mbila yennyini, erimu ebisumuluzo ebituuka ku kkumi na mwenda nga ku bino okutuuka ku munaana biyinza okukubibwa omulundi gumu. Gulu ekozesa ensaasi, ate mbila ne dibinda Masala bakozesa bisusunku by’amakovu amatono nga ebyongeza ku maloboozi. Ziwerekera amazina n’ennyimba z'ennono empanvu ebiyitibwa ngomi oba mgodo era nga zirimu ebitundu by’ennyimba nga kkumi nga ziteereddwa mu bibinja 4 ez’enjawulo, nga biriko ‘oluyimba oba omuzannyo oba amazina agaggulawo’, mu [[kudduka kw'ebivuga bino]] n’emisono egy’enjawulo. Omukulembeze w’ekibiina aweereza ng’omutontomi, omuyimbi, ayimbisa banne [[n’omuzannyi]], ng’akola ekiwandiiko, ayiiya oluyimba nga mu ngeri emu lwekuusa ku mpulikika y'olulimi lw'aba Chopi n’okuyiiya layini eyookubiri ey’okugatta emidigido. Abayimbi b’ekibiina kino bayiiya ekitundu ku bitundu byabwe. Olwo omuyimbi yeebuuza ku muyiiya w'amazina ow'omukolo ogwo era enkyukakyuka ne zikolebwa.<ref name="Nettl MPC2">{{Cite web |date=2008-07-03 |title=Theory of Music |url=https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Theory of Music |language=en}}</ref> Ekisinga obuwanvu era ekisinga obukulu ku bino ye "Mzeno" eba egenda okubeeramu oluyimba olunyumya ku nsonga ey'omugaso mu kitundu oba n'okusaagira ku muntu omututumufu mu kitundu! <ref name="answers12" /> Abayimbi kuliko Eduardo Durão ne Venancio Mbande.<ref name="answers12" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, ξύλον |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Translate page - Wikipedia |url=https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?from=en&page=Xylophone&targettitle=Amadinda&to=lg |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=lg.wikipedia.org |language=lg}}</ref> '''<big>Gyil</big>''' Gyil (mu Lungereza: /ˈdʒɪlə, dʒiːl/) kye kika [[ekirina sayidi ettaano]] ky'ekivuga ekikozesebwa abantu aboogera olulimi lwa [[Gur]] mu [[Ghana]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Mali]] ne [[Ivory Coast]] mu [[West Africa]]. Gyil kye kivuga ekikulu eky'obuwangwa eky'abantu ba [[Dagara]]" ab'omu bukiikakkono bwa Ghana ne Burkina Faso, n'abantu [[Abalobi]] mu Ghana, abasangibwa mu bukiikaddyo bwa Burkina Faso, ne mu Ivory Coast. Ekivuga kino kikubibwa abatu babiribabiri, nga zigenda wamu n'ensaasi ezikolebwa mu ndeku nga ziyitibwa ''kuor''. Kisobola n'okukubibwa omuntu omu nga kugenderako engoma ekubibwa n'obuti, oba omuyimbi akulemberamu. Okukuba ekivuga kino nga kiri wamu n'ebyo kikubibwa nnyo mu nsonga z'ekinnansi mu nsonga z'okuziika mu bantu ba Dagara. Ekivuga kino kisinga kukubibwa basajja, nga bano bakiyiga bakyali bato, naye nga tekirina kukugira kwekuusa ku kikula. Enkola y'ekivuga kino efaananako n’eya ''Balaba'' oba [[Balafon]] ekikozesebwa abantu aboogera [[Olumande]] nga ba -[[Bambara]], [[Dyula]] n'aba [[Sosso]] mu bitundu eby'ewala mu Bugwanjuba mu bitundu by'Oukiikaddyo bwa [[Mali]] n’obugwanjuba bwa [[Burkina Faso]], ekitundu ekirimu ennono nnyingi ez’ennyimba n’ez’omu bukiikakkono bwa Ivory Coast ne Ghana. Kikolebwa n’ebisumuluzo by’embaawo 14 eby’omuti omugumu ogw’omu Afirica oguyitibwa liga nga biteekebwa ku lubaawo nga wansi wabaayo [[ensaasi]] nga zirengejja.<ref name="Colter2008">{{Cite web |url=http://contexts.org/articles/winter-2008/harper/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-02-06 |archive-date=2008-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505053140/http://contexts.org/articles/winter-2008/harper/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ensaasi ziba n'obusaanikira obwa sirika nga bulinga ennyumba za nnabbubi obuyamba okuvaamu eddoboozo erisaala ne bakozesa eddiba ly'engabi okusiba okunyweza.<ref name="Colter2008" /> Ekivuga kino kikubiddwa n’obuti bw’embaawo obuliko emitwe gya labba. '''<big>Silimba</big>''' '''Silimba''' g'emadinda agakozesebwa ennyo mu bantu abayitibwa ab'aNkoya n'Abalozi ab'e [[Barotseland]] mu bugwanjuba bwa [[Zambia]] .<ref name="ATracey History">{{Cite web |last=Carver |first=Christian |title=Marimba History |url=http://www.kalimba.co.za/old/marimbahistory.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630191209/http://www.kalimba.co.za/old/marimbahistory.html |archive-date=2017-06-30 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.kalimba.co.za}}</ref> Ebisumuluzo ebiteekeddwateekeddwa bisibibwa waggulu w'ensaasi ezivuga.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambian Culture |url=https://www.zambiatourism.com/about-zambia/people/culture/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Zambia Tourism |language=en-US}}</ref> Gano nga gamanyiddwa nga shinjimba mu ba Nkoya, nga gakubibwa ku Kazanga, omukolo gw’obwakabaka ogw’ennono ogw’Abankoya. Silimba kitundu kikulu nnyo mu nnono z’ennyimba z’obuwangwa ez’abantu b’e [[Lozi]] era osobola okugiwulira ku mukolo gw'abwe ogw’e [[Kuomboka]] ogutegekebwa buli mwaka. Silimba kati ekozesebwa mu bitundu bya Zambia ebisinga obungi. '''<big>Akadinda, amadinda ne mbaire</big>''' '''Akadinda,''' '''amadinda''' nga bwe gayitibwa mu luganda bivuga ebisibuka mu [[Buganda]], nga eyitibwa [[Yuganda|Uganda]] omulembe guno.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Xylophonist {{!}} Definition of Xylophonist by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Xylophonist |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-date=2020-12-07 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Lexico Dictionaries {{!}} English |language=en}}</ref> Amadinda gakolebwa galina emiti kkumineebiri nga gino gipangibwa ku kintu kya njuyi ttaano. Okusinga gakubibwa abantu basatu. Abakubi babiri batuula nga buli omu atunudde mu munne ne bakugakuba mu ngeri ekwatagana mu bwangu obwa waggulu. Tegaba na nsaasi oba ddoboozi lyonna lisaala, nga zino z'embeera ebbiri ez'amadinda mangi aga Afirica.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, ξύλον |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref> Amadinda kyali kivuga kikulu mu kkooti y’obwakabaka bwa Buganda, obwakabaka obusangibwa mu Uganda. Ekika ky’empulikika eky’enjawulo kati kikozesebwa ku madinda gano, nga kirimu [[ennamba]] n'ebiseera.<ref name="britannica1">{{Cite web |title=African music {{!}} History, Artists, Genres, Instruments, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/art/African-music |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> nga bwe kiri ne ku madinda agayitibwa '''embaire''', nga kino kika ekisibuka mu bukiikaddyo bwa [[Uganda]].<ref name="britannica1" /> '''<big>Balo</big>''' '''''Balo''''' ( '''''balenjeh''''', '''''behlanjeh''''' ) kino kika ekikozesebwa mu bantu b’e Mandinka mu bugwanjuba bwa Africa. Ebisumuluzo byakyo biteekebwa ku nsaasi, era kikubwa n'obuti nga bulina emitwe emikole mu labba. Abakubi bakyo batera okwambala mu ngalo obude obwekyuma ku mikono gyabwe busobole okuvaamu amaloboozi nga nwe bakuba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DSpace at Cambridge: The Behlanjeh, the national musical instrument of the Mandingos |url=http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/1240 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070627205236/http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/1240 |archive-date=2007-06-27 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.dspace.cam.ac.uk}}</ref> '''<big>Amadinda G'abazungu</big>''' Amadinda okusooka okwogerwako mu [[Bulaaya]] kwali mu kitabo kya [[Arnolt Schlick]] ekya ''Spiegel der Orgelmacher und Organisten'' (1511), gye gyitibwa ''hültze glechter'' ("okuwuuma kw'embaawo").<ref name="VSL">{{Cite web |title=History - Vienna Symphonic Library |url=https://www.vsl.co.at/en/Xylophone/History |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430183151/https://www.vsl.co.at/en/Xylophone/History |archive-date=2018-04-30 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.vsl.co.at |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Grove">{{Cite book |date=2026-09-04 |title=The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians&oldid=1373259723 |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo ennyinnyonnyola endala ezikwata ku kivuga kino, wadde ng'ekigambo "amadinda" tekyakozesebwa okutuuka mu myaka gya 1860.<ref>{{Cite book |last=TUXFORD |first=ROGERSON AND |date=1865 |title=THE LADIE'S COMPANION, |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7EYFAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA2-PA152 |language=en}}</ref> Ekivuga kino kyali kikwatagana nnyo n'ennyimba z'ekinnansi ez'amasekkati ga Bulaaya, naddala mu Poland n'obuvanjuba bwa Bugirimaani. Ekika ekyasooka kyali mu [[:en:Slovakia|Slovakia]]<ref name="Nettl MPC3">{{Cite web |date=2008-07-03 |title=Theory of Music |url=https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Theory of Music |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Oregon Symphony Players Association |url=http://www.concertgoersguide.org/onstage/instruments/thexylophone.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823183820/http://www.concertgoersguide.org/onstage/instruments/thexylophone.php |archive-date=2007-08-23 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.concertgoersguide.org}}</ref> Okusooka okukozesa amadinda mu kibiina ky'abayimbi n'abakubi b'ebivuga Abazungu kwali mu [[Camille Saint-Saëns]]’ ''[[Danse Macabre]]'', mu 1874.<ref name="made3">{{Cite web |title=How xylophone is made - manufacture, making, history, used, parts, composition, steps, History, Raw Materials |url=https://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.madehow.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera ekyo, ekivuga kino kyali ky'amanyizibwa dda [[Michael Josef Gusikov]] okutuuka ku ddaala erimu,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rainlore.demon.co.uk/Guzikow/GuzikowArchs.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-02-20 |archive-date=2006-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061230034331/http://www.rainlore.demon.co.uk/Guzikow/GuzikowArchs.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> nga ekivuga ekikye kyali ky'amadinda agaalina enkuubo ettaano agaakolebwa mu mbaawo 28 nga zisengekeddwa mu semitones mu ngeri ya trapezoid era nga zitudde ziwaniriddwa obuntu obulinda obuseke. Tewaaliwo byongera ku maloboozi era nga gakubibwa mangu n’obuti obwali bufaanana ng’ejiiko. Okusinziira ku mukugu mu by’ennyimba [[Curt Sachs]], Gusikov yayimbira mu bivvulu by’omu bifo awawummulirwa, mu ndaga ez’enjawulo, era ng’ekikolwa eky'enjawulo mu bivvulu eby'amaloboozi. Amadinda g'omu bazungu gaakozesebwanga bbandi za jjaazi ezaasooka, ne mu [[vaudeville]] . Eddoboozi ly'ago eriwulikika obulungi ly'akolanga bulungi mu nnyimba z’emyaka gya 1920 ne 1930. [[Red Norvo]], George Cary, [[George Hamilton Green]], [[Teddy Brown]], Harry Breuer ne Harry Robbins be bamu ku bakubi baago abaali bamanyiddwa ennyo. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, wajjawo ekika ky'ekivuga ekyali ekiyitibwa metal-key [[vibraphone]], eky'agayitako mu kwatiikirira nga kino kyakolebwa mu myaka gya 1920. Ekika ky'amadinda oba xylophone gye gaagenda gakendeera gaafuuka marimba era ne gayitibwa [[xylorimba]] . Mu kugaba obubonero mu bivuga, xylophone esobola okwogerwako Abafalansa aba ''claquebois'', Abagirimaani aba ''Holzharmonika'' (mu bufunze "ekivuga eky'embaawo"), oba ''Silofono'' mu [[Yitale]].<ref name="Grove2">{{Cite book |date=2026-08-30 |title=Stanley Sadie |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Sadie&oldid=1372145542 |language=en}}</ref> [[Shostakovich]] yali ayagala nnyo ekivuga kino; kirina emirimu egy’amaanyi mu mirimu gye mingi, omuli n’ennyimba ze ezisinga obungi eza [[symphony]] ne [[Cello Concerto No. 2]] ye. Xylophone era ekola kinene mu mazina ga [[Khachaturian]] aga [[Sabre Dance]] . Abazannyi ba xylophone ab’omulembe guno kuliko [[Bob Becker]], [[Evelyn Glennie]] ne Ian Finkel. Mu Amerika, waliyo bbandi za marimba ez’e [[Zimbabwe]] ezisinga obungi mu Pacific Northwest, Colorado, ne New [[Mexico]], naye bbandi ziriyo okuva ku lubalama lw’ebugwanjuba okuyita mu California n’okutuuka e Hawaii ne Alaska. Omukolo omukulu mu ekitundu gwe gwa ZimFest, ekivvulu ky’ennyimba eky'abantu abava mu Zimbabwe ekitegekebwa buli mwaka. Bbandi zino zirina ebivuga okuva ku soprano eya waggulu, okutuuka ku soprano eya wansi, tenor, baritone ne bass. Eby'ongera ku maloboozi bitera okukolebwa nga birina obutuli obubikkiddwa ne cellophane omutono (efaananako ne [[balafon]] ) okusobola okutuuka ku ddoboozi erisaala. Amazina n'ennyimba n'ebiragibwa ebirala ebya bbandi za Amerika bitera okuba n’okukwatagana okunene, olw’okuba nga biva wa muntu omu omuyimbi Omuzimbabwe ayitibwa [[Dumisani Maraire]], eyali omuntu omukulu eyasooka okuleeta ennyimba ezo eza Zimbabwe mu mawanga g’Obugwanjuba, ng’ajja mu Yunivasite y’e Washington mu 1968. '''<big>Okukozesa kwago mu by’enjigiriza eby'awansi</big>''' Abasomesa b'ebivuga n'ennyimba bangi ku nnyimba bakozesa ebyuma ebiyitibwa amadinda ng’ekintu eky’okukozesa mu kibiina okuyamba abaana okukula mu nnyimba. Enkola emu emanyiddwa olw’okukozesa ebyuma ebiyitibwa xylophones ye [[Orff-Schulwerk]], egatta enkozesa y’ebivuga, entambula, okuyimba n’okwogera okutumbula obusobozi bw’abaana mu kuyimba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=American Orff-Schulwerk Association |url=http://www.aosa.org/ |access-date=2011-11-01 |publisher=Aosa.org}}</ref> Amadinda agakozesebwa mu bibiina by’ennyimba ez’enjawulo mu Amerika matono, nga octaves, okusinga oba okusingawo octave range y'amadinda ezikola. Amadinda ga bass gakyukakyuka erra enjawulo zino ziwandiikibwa okuva ku middle C okutuuka ku A octave waggulu naye nga ziwulikika octave emu wansi okusinga ku ziwandiikiddwa. Ennyiriri za alto ziwandiikibwa okuva ku C wakati okutuuka ku A octave waggulu era ziwulikika nga bwe ziwandiikiddwa. Ennyiriri za soprano ziwandiikibwa okuva ku C wakati okutuuka ku A octave emu waggulu naye nga ziwulikika octave emu waggulu okusinga eziwandiikiddwa.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Keetman |first=Gunild |year=1958 |title=Orff-Schulwerk Music for Children |last2=Orff |first2=Carl |publisher=Schott & Co. Ltd. |location=London |translator-last=Margaret Murray}}</ref> Okusinziira ku Andrew Tracey, aga marimbas gaayingizibwa mu Zimbabwe mu 1960.<ref name="ATracey History2">{{Cite web|last=Tracey|first=Andrew|title=Marimbas History|url=http://www.kalimba.co.za/old/marimbahistory.html|website=kalimba.co.za|publisher=Andrew Tracey and Christian Carver|date=26 May 2004|access-date=30 September 2013|archive-date=30 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630191209/http://www.kalimba.co.za/old/marimbahistory.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Marimba [[ag'e Zimbabwe]] geesigamiziddwa ku [[nnyimba z’Abashona]] era nago gafuuse ga ttutumu mu mawanga g’obugwanjuba, agaatwala enkozesa y’ebivuga bino mu kusooka okukuba ebiwandiiko by’ennyimba gwa [[mbira]] dzavadzimu (nga kw’otadde ''n’ennyimba za nyunga nyunga'' ne ''matepe'' ). Ebiwandiiko bino ebisooka mu kusooka byali bikozesebwa mu kusomesa ennyimba mu Zimbabwe. Ebivuga by’e Zimbabwe bitera okuba mu minzaani ya diatonic C major, ekibisobozesa okukubirwa ne mbira ‘western-tuned’ (G nyamaropa), oluusi nga kwongerako ekisumuluzo kya F ♯ ekiteekeddwa mu layini. == Laba ne == * [[Musical Stones of Skiddaw|Amayinja g'ennyimba aga Skiddaw]] * [[Taroko Tatuk|Taroko Tatuk, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo]] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Buganda]] <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wamu n'ebyawamu == [[Category:Ebivuga by'e Ghana]] [[Category:Ennyimba z'e Mozambique]] [[Category:Ebivuga bya Uganda]] [[Category:Ebivuga bya Zambia]] [[Category:Ebivuga by'omu bivvulu ne mu bbandi]] 5keq74fv0pc06ygonyt5f6uoaui3hqj 74404 74335 2026-09-10T08:29:56Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 74404 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Xylophone.jpg|right|thumb|Amadinda oba xylophone wamu n'obugakuba obw'enjawulo]]   <small>'''Amadinda oba Xylophone mu Lungereza''' ( mu lulimi Olu Greek olw’edda ξύλον<ref>{{Cite web |title=Xylophonist {{!}} Definition of Xylophonist by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Xylophonist |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-date=2020-12-07 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Lexico Dictionaries {{!}} English |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, ξύλον |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref> lit. ' <span class="gloss-text">eddoboozi ly'obubaawo</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> ) kino kivuga ekigwa mu ttuluba ly'ebivuga ebikolebwa mu emiti nga bikubibwa [[Obutungulu|obuti]] okuvaamu amaloboozi. Buli kabaawo kaba ddinda ly'anjawulo erikolebwa okusobola okuvaamu eddoboozi ery'enjawulo omuli erya pentatonic oba heptatonic mu mbeera y’ebivuga bingi eby’Afirica ne Asia, diatonic mu bivuga bingi eby’abaana ab’amawanga g’omubugwanjuba, oba chromatic okukozesebwa mu kibiina ky’abayimbi.</small> <small>Erinnya amadinda liyinza okukozesebwa okutwalira awamu, okuzingiramu ebivuga byonna ng’ebyo okugeza nga [[marimba]], [[balafon]] kwossa ne [[semantron]] . Naye mu kibiina ky’abayimbi, ekigambo madinda kitegeeza nnyo ekivuga ekivaamu eddoboozi ery'awaggulu erisingako katono ku buwanvu era nga gaba gakoleddwa [[embaawo]] enkalu okusinga marimba, era ebivuga bino ebibiri tebisaanidde kutabulwa. Omuntu akuba amadinda amanyiddwa nga ''xylophonist'' oba mu njogera ennyamgu ayitibwa ''mukubi w'amadinda''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Xylophonist {{!}} Definition of Xylophonist by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Xylophonist |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-date=2020-12-07 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Lexico Dictionaries {{!}} English |language=en}}</ref></small> <small>Erinnya lino era likozesebwa nnyo okutegeeza ebivuga ebifaanagana eby’ekika kya [[lithophone]] ne [[metallophone]] . Okugeza, [[Pixiphone]] n’eby’okuzannyisa bingi ebifaananako bwe bityo ababikola bye baayogerako nga amadinda agalina ebyuma mu kifo ky'embaawo, era bwe kityo mu lulimi lw'ebivuga bitwalibwa nga [[glockenspiels]] mu kifo ky'amadinda.</small> == <small>Enzimba yaago</small> == <small>Amadinda ag'omulembe mu mawanga g'omu bugwanjuba galina embaawo eziva mu miti gya [[rosewood]], [[padauk]], [[cocobolo]], oba ebintu eby’enjawulo ebikoleddwa nga [[fiberglass]] oba [[fiberglass-reinforced plastic]] ebisobozesa eddoboozi okuba ery’amaanyi.<ref name="made">{{Cite web |title=How xylophone is made - manufacture, making, history, used, parts, composition, steps, History, Raw Materials |url=https://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.madehow.com}}</ref> Agamu gasobola okusaasanya amalobozi ku bugazi bwa 21/2 ag'omu bivvuliu go gagenda okutuuka bugazi bwa 31/2 oba 4. Okufaananako ne glockenspiel, amadinda kivuga ekiyimusa amaloboozi: ebitundu byakyo biwandiikibwa octave emu wansi w’ennukuta eziwulikika.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Translate page - Wikipedia |url=https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?from=en&page=Xylophone&targettitle=Amadinda&to=lg |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=lg.wikipedia.org |language=lg}}</ref></small> <small>Amadinga g'oku bivvulu galina obuuma obwongera ku maloboozi agavaamu wansi w’embaawo okutumbula obuwanvu bw'eddoboozi n’okulikuuma. Fuleemu zikolebwa mu mbaawo oba obuuma obutali bwa bbeeyi nnene: amadinga ag'ebbeeyi gaba m'ongeremu mu buwanvu era gaba g'ongeddwamu obunywevu ku ttaka. Mu nkola z'abayimbi endala bakozesa [[nsaasi]]<ref name="made2">{{Cite web |title=How xylophone is made - manufacture, making, history, used, parts, composition, steps, History, Raw Materials |url=https://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.madehow.com}}</ref> nga zeezikola mu kuyamba okwongera eddoboozi. Amadinga amalala gaba ga kika kya "trough" nga gaba ne'kituli kimu ekikola ku kwongeza amaloboozi eri obuuma bwonna.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=VIENNA SYMPHONIC LIBRARY > VIENNA ACADEMY > Percussion > Mallets > Xylophone > HISTORY |url=http://www.vsl.co.at/en/70/3196/3204/3205/5729.vsl |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808061925/http://www.vsl.co.at/en/70/3196/3204/3205/5729.vsl |archive-date=2012-08-08 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.vsl.co.at}}</ref> Enkola enkadde zaalimu okusengeka embaawo wamu ku , era, n’okutuusa kati kikolebwa n’okutuusa kati, okuteeka embaawo nga ziriraanaganye mu nsengeka eringa ey'amadaala. Obuti obugakuba edda bw'akolebwanga Ensigo ez’edda zaakolebwanga mu mbaawo z’omuti gwa willow nga ku nkomerero zazo kuliko ebibya ebiringa ekijiiko.<ref name="made2" /></small> '''<small>Obuti obukuba amadinda</small>''' <small>Amadinda galina okukubwa n'obuti bwa labba, polyball oba acrylic. Oluusi obuti bwa labba ali wakatikkati n'omugumu ennyo oba obw’obuwuzi bwe bikozesebwa okukola amaloboozi amagonvu. Amaloboozi amagonvu gasobola okukolebwa ku madinda nga bakozesa obuti obuliko emitwe egy’embaawo ezikoleddwa mu muti gwa rosewood, ebony, birch oba emiti emirala emigumu.</small> '''<small>Ebyafaayo by'ago</small>''' <small>Ekivuga kino kirina ensibuko y’edda etamanyiddwa. Nettl yagamba nti yasibuka mu bukiikaddyo bw’obuvanjuba bwa Asia n’ejja mu Afrika c. AD 500 ekibinja ky’abantu aboogera Oluaustronesia bwe baasenguka ne bagenda mu Afirica, ne bageraageranya ebibiina by’abakubi b'amadinda ab’omu Buvanjuba bwa Africa n’ebibiina by’abazannyi baago mu aba gamelan ab'e Javanese ne Balinese.<ref name="Nettl MPC">{{Cite web |date=2008-07-03 |title=Theory of Music |url=https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Theory of Music |language=en}}</ref> 1 . 18–19, 19 . 100 Endowooza eno yasoomoozebwa omukugu mu nnyimba z’amawanga era omukugu mu nnimi Roger Blench, nga agamba nti ensibuko eyetongodde ey'amadinda eri mu Africa, ng’awa, mu bujulizi obw’okuyiiya mu kitundu, ebifaananyi eby’enjawulo eby'amadinda ga Afirica n’ebika by'amadinda eby’enjawulo ennyo n’ebivuga ebiringa amadinda mu Afirica.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sub-Saharan African Instruments at the National Music Museum |url=http://orgs.usd.edu/nmm/Africa/SubSaharanAfrica.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315063731/http://orgs.usd.edu/nmm/Africa/SubSaharanAfrica.html |archive-date=2016-03-15 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=orgs.usd.edu |url-status=live }}</ref></small> '''<small>Amadinda g'omu Asia</small>''' <small>Obujulizi obwasooka ku madinda nti amatuufu gava mu kyasa eky’omwenda mu [[bukiikaddyo bw’obuvanjuba bwa Asia]], ate ekivuga eky’embaawo ekiwaniriddwa ekifaananako bwe kityo, ekika kya [[harmonicon]], kigambibwa nti Vienna Symphonic Library yaliwo mu 2000 BC mu kitundu kati ekitundu ku nsi ya China. Ekivuga ekiringa amadinda kyakozesebwa mu bitundu [[by’Abahindu]] (kashta tharang). Mu [[Indonesia]], ebitundu bitono ebirina ekika kyabyo eky'amadinda. Mu [[North Sumatra]], [[Abantu b'e Toba Batak]] bakozesa amadinda ag'embaawo agamanyiddwa nga [[Garantung]] (ekiwandiikibwa nga: "garattung"). [[Java]] ne [[Bali]] bakozesa amadinda (agayitibwa [[gambang]], [[Rindik]] ne [[Tingklik]] ) mu nsengeka za [[Za gamelan|gamelan]] . gakyalina amakulu ag’ennono mu [[Malaysia]], [[Melanesia]], Indonesia, [[Thailand]], [[Myanmar]], n’ebitundu by’America. Mu Myanmar, amadinda gamanyiddwa nga [[Pattala]] era mu bujjuvu ekolebwa mu mmuli.</small> '''<small>Amadinda ga Africa</small>''' Erinnya ''marimba'' era likozesebwa ku bivuga by'ennono eby'enjawulo nga ''[[balafon]]'' y'omu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa. Fbika ebyasooka by'akolebwanga nga birina obubaawo wamu n'[[ensaasi]]. <ref name=":0" /> Olubaawo lw'asookanga kw'okyebwako ku muliro eky'ayambanga okuluwa eddoboozi lye baabanga baagala. Akoongeza ekisumuluzo kaakolebwangako okuwa ekisumuluzo nga bayita mu kulonda n’obwegendereza sayizi yaako, okukyusakyusa obugazi bw'akamwa kaako nga bakozesa wasp wax n’okutereeza obuwanvu bw’ekisumuluzo okusukkako ku kongeza ekisumuluzo. Omukozi omukugu asobola okukola nga amaloboozi mawanvu mu ngeri eyeewuunyisa. Obuti obukozesebwa okukuba ebika bya ''dibinda'' ne ''mbila'' bulina emitwe egyakolebwa mu labba aggyiddwa mu kimera ekiranda eky'omu nsiko.<ref name="answers1">{{Cite web |title=Answers - The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions |url=https://www.answers.com/redirectSearch |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Answers |language=en}}</ref> endongo "ekwatagana " oba ekyukakyuka eri mu nvuga y'amadinda g'Obuvanjuba bwa Africa okugeza nga eya Makonde ''dimbila'', Yao ''mangolongondo'' oba Shirima ''mangwilo'' nga mu kino ''opachera'', eyasookanga [[okuyita]], yaddibwangamu omukubi omulala ayitibwa ''wakulela''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, ξύλον |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref> Kino kitera okukubisaamu emirundi ebiri omuli okuba [[rhythmic pulse]] ogw’amangu edda oguyinza n’okubeera awamu ne [[counter rhythm]] . '''Mbila''' Mbila (mu bungi "timbila") kika ekikwatagana n'abantu b'e [[Chopi]] ab'omu ssaza ly'e Inhambane, mu bukiikaddyo bwa [[Mozambique]]. <ref name="answers12">{{Cite web |title=Answers - The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions |url=https://www.answers.com/redirectSearch |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Answers |language=en}}</ref> Tekirina kutabulwa na [[mbira]]. [[Omusono]] gw’onvuga yaago n'ennyimba eziyimbirwako kigireetera okuba nga y'enkola esinga okuba enzibu oba eyeekikugu kyokka nga esanngibwa mu bantu abatali baayivu bulungi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Xylophonist {{!}} Definition of Xylophonist by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Xylophonist |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-date=2020-12-07 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Lexico Dictionaries {{!}} English |language=en}}</ref> Amadinda gano ag'e [[:en:Mozambique|Mozambique]] gakubibwa mu bibinja ebinene ku mazina amayiiye obulungi, oba oly'awo nga galaga emizannyo egikwata ku byafaayo. Ebibinja by'abazinnyi bibaamu amadinda agawera nga kkumi ag'obunene obwa sayizi ssatu oba nnya. Ekibiina ky’abayimbi ekijjuvu kiyinza okuba n'ebivuga bibiri ebya bass ebiyitibwa gulu nga biriko ebisumuluzo by’embaawo bisatu oba bina ebikubibwa nga bayimiridde nga bakozesa obuti obukuba obuzito obuliko emitwe gya labba emigumu, tenor dibinda ssatu, nga biriko ebisumuluzo kkumi era nga bikubibwa nga batudde, ne mbila yennyini, erimu ebisumuluzo ebituuka ku kkumi na mwenda nga ku bino okutuuka ku munaana biyinza okukubibwa omulundi gumu. Gulu ekozesa ensaasi, ate mbila ne dibinda Masala bakozesa bisusunku by’amakovu amatono nga ebyongeza ku maloboozi. Ziwerekera amazina n’ennyimba z'ennono empanvu ebiyitibwa ngomi oba mgodo era nga zirimu ebitundu by’ennyimba nga kkumi nga ziteereddwa mu bibinja 4 ez’enjawulo, nga biriko ‘oluyimba oba omuzannyo oba amazina agaggulawo’, mu [[kudduka kw'ebivuga bino]] n’emisono egy’enjawulo. Omukulembeze w’ekibiina aweereza ng’omutontomi, omuyimbi, ayimbisa banne [[n’omuzannyi]], ng’akola ekiwandiiko, ayiiya oluyimba nga mu ngeri emu lwekuusa ku mpulikika y'olulimi lw'aba Chopi n’okuyiiya layini eyookubiri ey’okugatta emidigido. Abayimbi b’ekibiina kino bayiiya ekitundu ku bitundu byabwe. Olwo omuyimbi yeebuuza ku muyiiya w'amazina ow'omukolo ogwo era enkyukakyuka ne zikolebwa.<ref name="Nettl MPC2">{{Cite web |date=2008-07-03 |title=Theory of Music |url=https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Theory of Music |language=en}}</ref> Ekisinga obuwanvu era ekisinga obukulu ku bino ye "Mzeno" eba egenda okubeeramu oluyimba olunyumya ku nsonga ey'omugaso mu kitundu oba n'okusaagira ku muntu omututumufu mu kitundu! <ref name="answers12" /> Abayimbi kuliko Eduardo Durão ne Venancio Mbande.<ref name="answers12" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, ξύλον |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Translate page - Wikipedia |url=https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?from=en&page=Xylophone&targettitle=Amadinda&to=lg |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=lg.wikipedia.org |language=lg}}</ref> '''<big>Gyil</big>''' Gyil (mu Lungereza: /ˈdʒɪlə, dʒiːl/) kye kika [[ekirina sayidi ettaano]] ky'ekivuga ekikozesebwa abantu aboogera olulimi lwa [[Gur]] mu [[Ghana]], [[Burkina Faso]], [[Mali]] ne [[Ivory Coast]] mu [[West Africa]]. Gyil kye kivuga ekikulu eky'obuwangwa eky'abantu ba [[Dagara]]" ab'omu bukiikakkono bwa Ghana ne Burkina Faso, n'abantu [[Abalobi]] mu Ghana, abasangibwa mu bukiikaddyo bwa Burkina Faso, ne mu Ivory Coast. Ekivuga kino kikubibwa abatu babiribabiri, nga zigenda wamu n'ensaasi ezikolebwa mu ndeku nga ziyitibwa ''kuor''. Kisobola n'okukubibwa omuntu omu nga kugenderako engoma ekubibwa n'obuti, oba omuyimbi akulemberamu. Okukuba ekivuga kino nga kiri wamu n'ebyo kikubibwa nnyo mu nsonga z'ekinnansi mu nsonga z'okuziika mu bantu ba Dagara. Ekivuga kino kisinga kukubibwa basajja, nga bano bakiyiga bakyali bato, naye nga tekirina kukugira kwekuusa ku kikula. Enkola y'ekivuga kino efaananako n’eya ''Balaba'' oba [[Balafon]] ekikozesebwa abantu aboogera [[Olumande]] nga ba -[[Bambara]], [[Dyula]] n'aba [[Sosso]] mu bitundu eby'ewala mu Bugwanjuba mu bitundu by'Oukiikaddyo bwa [[Mali]] n’obugwanjuba bwa [[Burkina Faso]], ekitundu ekirimu ennono nnyingi ez’ennyimba n’ez’omu bukiikakkono bwa Ivory Coast ne Ghana. Kikolebwa n’ebisumuluzo by’embaawo 14 eby’omuti omugumu ogw’omu Afirica oguyitibwa liga nga biteekebwa ku lubaawo nga wansi wabaayo [[ensaasi]] nga zirengejja.<ref name="Colter2008">{{Cite web |url=http://contexts.org/articles/winter-2008/harper/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-02-06 |archive-date=2008-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505053140/http://contexts.org/articles/winter-2008/harper/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ensaasi ziba n'obusaanikira obwa sirika nga bulinga ennyumba za nnabbubi obuyamba okuvaamu eddoboozo erisaala ne bakozesa eddiba ly'engabi okusiba okunyweza.<ref name="Colter2008" /> Ekivuga kino kikubiddwa n’obuti bw’embaawo obuliko emitwe gya labba. '''<big>Silimba</big>''' '''Silimba''' g'emadinda agakozesebwa ennyo mu bantu abayitibwa ab'aNkoya n'Abalozi ab'e [[Barotseland]] mu bugwanjuba bwa [[Zambia]] .<ref name="ATracey History">{{Cite web |last=Carver |first=Christian |title=Marimba History |url=http://www.kalimba.co.za/old/marimbahistory.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630191209/http://www.kalimba.co.za/old/marimbahistory.html |archive-date=2017-06-30 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.kalimba.co.za}}</ref> Ebisumuluzo ebiteekeddwateekeddwa bisibibwa waggulu w'ensaasi ezivuga.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zambian Culture |url=https://www.zambiatourism.com/about-zambia/people/culture/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Zambia Tourism |language=en-US}}</ref> Gano nga gamanyiddwa nga shinjimba mu ba Nkoya, nga gakubibwa ku Kazanga, omukolo gw’obwakabaka ogw’ennono ogw’Abankoya. Silimba kitundu kikulu nnyo mu nnono z’ennyimba z’obuwangwa ez’abantu b’e [[Lozi]] era osobola okugiwulira ku mukolo gw'abwe ogw’e [[Kuomboka]] ogutegekebwa buli mwaka. Silimba kati ekozesebwa mu bitundu bya Zambia ebisinga obungi. '''<big>Akadinda, amadinda ne mbaire</big>''' '''Akadinda,''' '''amadinda''' nga bwe gayitibwa mu luganda bivuga ebisibuka mu [[Buganda]], nga eyitibwa [[Yuganda|Uganda]] omulembe guno.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Xylophonist {{!}} Definition of Xylophonist by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Xylophonist |url=https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist |archive-date=2020-12-07 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Lexico Dictionaries {{!}} English |language=en}}</ref> Amadinda gakolebwa galina emiti kkumineebiri nga gino gipangibwa ku kintu kya njuyi ttaano. Okusinga gakubibwa abantu basatu. Abakubi babiri batuula nga buli omu atunudde mu munne ne bakugakuba mu ngeri ekwatagana mu bwangu obwa waggulu. Tegaba na nsaasi oba ddoboozi lyonna lisaala, nga zino z'embeera ebbiri ez'amadinda mangi aga Afirica.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, ξύλον |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref> Amadinda kyali kivuga kikulu mu kkooti y’obwakabaka bwa Buganda, obwakabaka obusangibwa mu Uganda. Ekika ky’empulikika eky’enjawulo kati kikozesebwa ku madinda gano, nga kirimu [[ennamba]] n'ebiseera.<ref name="britannica1">{{Cite web |title=African music {{!}} History, Artists, Genres, Instruments, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/art/African-music |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> nga bwe kiri ne ku madinda agayitibwa '''embaire''', nga kino kika ekisibuka mu bukiikaddyo bwa [[Uganda]].<ref name="britannica1" /> '''<big>Balo</big>''' '''''Balo''''' ( '''''balenjeh''''', '''''behlanjeh''''' ) kino kika ekikozesebwa mu bantu b’e Mandinka mu bugwanjuba bwa Africa. Ebisumuluzo byakyo biteekebwa ku nsaasi, era kikubwa n'obuti nga bulina emitwe emikole mu labba. Abakubi bakyo batera okwambala mu ngalo obude obwekyuma ku mikono gyabwe busobole okuvaamu amaloboozi nga nwe bakuba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DSpace at Cambridge: The Behlanjeh, the national musical instrument of the Mandingos |url=http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/1240 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070627205236/http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/1240 |archive-date=2007-06-27 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.dspace.cam.ac.uk}}</ref> '''<big>Amadinda G'abazungu</big>''' Amadinda okusooka okwogerwako mu [[Bulaaya]] kwali mu kitabo kya [[Arnolt Schlick]] ekya ''Spiegel der Orgelmacher und Organisten'' (1511), gye gyitibwa ''hültze glechter'' ("okuwuuma kw'embaawo").<ref name="VSL">{{Cite web |title=History - Vienna Symphonic Library |url=https://www.vsl.co.at/en/Xylophone/History |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430183151/https://www.vsl.co.at/en/Xylophone/History |archive-date=2018-04-30 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.vsl.co.at |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Grove">{{Cite book |date=2026-09-04 |title=The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians&oldid=1373259723 |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo ennyinnyonnyola endala ezikwata ku kivuga kino, wadde ng'ekigambo "amadinda" tekyakozesebwa okutuuka mu myaka gya 1860.<ref>{{Cite book |last=TUXFORD |first=ROGERSON AND |date=1865 |title=THE LADIE'S COMPANION, |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7EYFAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA2-PA152 |language=en}}</ref> Ekivuga kino kyali kikwatagana nnyo n'ennyimba z'ekinnansi ez'amasekkati ga Bulaaya, naddala mu Poland n'obuvanjuba bwa Bugirimaani. Ekika ekyasooka kyali mu [[:en:Slovakia|Slovakia]]<ref name="Nettl MPC3">{{Cite web |date=2008-07-03 |title=Theory of Music |url=https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/ |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Theory of Music |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Oregon Symphony Players Association |url=http://www.concertgoersguide.org/onstage/instruments/thexylophone.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070823183820/http://www.concertgoersguide.org/onstage/instruments/thexylophone.php |archive-date=2007-08-23 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.concertgoersguide.org}}</ref> Okusooka okukozesa amadinda mu kibiina ky'abayimbi n'abakubi b'ebivuga Abazungu kwali mu [[Camille Saint-Saëns]]’ ''[[Danse Macabre]]'', mu 1874.<ref name="made3">{{Cite web |title=How xylophone is made - manufacture, making, history, used, parts, composition, steps, History, Raw Materials |url=https://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=www.madehow.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera ekyo, ekivuga kino kyali ky'amanyizibwa dda [[Michael Josef Gusikov]] okutuuka ku ddaala erimu,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rainlore.demon.co.uk/Guzikow/GuzikowArchs.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-02-20 |archive-date=2006-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061230034331/http://www.rainlore.demon.co.uk/Guzikow/GuzikowArchs.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> nga ekivuga ekikye kyali ky'amadinda agaalina enkuubo ettaano agaakolebwa mu mbaawo 28 nga zisengekeddwa mu semitones mu ngeri ya trapezoid era nga zitudde ziwaniriddwa obuntu obulinda obuseke. Tewaaliwo byongera ku maloboozi era nga gakubibwa mangu n’obuti obwali bufaanana ng’ejiiko. Okusinziira ku mukugu mu by’ennyimba [[Curt Sachs]], Gusikov yayimbira mu bivvulu by’omu bifo awawummulirwa, mu ndaga ez’enjawulo, era ng’ekikolwa eky'enjawulo mu bivvulu eby'amaloboozi. Amadinda g'omu bazungu gaakozesebwanga bbandi za jjaazi ezaasooka, ne mu [[vaudeville]] . Eddoboozi ly'ago eriwulikika obulungi ly'akolanga bulungi mu nnyimba z’emyaka gya 1920 ne 1930. [[Red Norvo]], George Cary, [[George Hamilton Green]], [[Teddy Brown]], Harry Breuer ne Harry Robbins be bamu ku bakubi baago abaali bamanyiddwa ennyo. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, wajjawo ekika ky'ekivuga ekyali ekiyitibwa metal-key [[vibraphone]], eky'agayitako mu kwatiikirira nga kino kyakolebwa mu myaka gya 1920. Ekika ky'amadinda oba xylophone gye gaagenda gakendeera gaafuuka marimba era ne gayitibwa [[xylorimba]] . Mu kugaba obubonero mu bivuga, xylophone esobola okwogerwako Abafalansa aba ''claquebois'', Abagirimaani aba ''Holzharmonika'' (mu bufunze "ekivuga eky'embaawo"), oba ''Silofono'' mu [[Yitale]].<ref name="Grove2">{{Cite book |date=2026-08-30 |title=Stanley Sadie |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Sadie&oldid=1372145542 |language=en}}</ref> [[Shostakovich]] yali ayagala nnyo ekivuga kino; kirina emirimu egy’amaanyi mu mirimu gye mingi, omuli n’ennyimba ze ezisinga obungi eza [[symphony]] ne [[Cello Concerto No. 2]] ye. Xylophone era ekola kinene mu mazina ga [[Khachaturian]] aga [[Sabre Dance]] . Abazannyi ba xylophone ab’omulembe guno kuliko [[Bob Becker]], [[Evelyn Glennie]] ne Ian Finkel. Mu Amerika, waliyo bbandi za marimba ez’e [[Zimbabwe]] ezisinga obungi mu Pacific Northwest, Colorado, ne New [[Mexico]], naye bbandi ziriyo okuva ku lubalama lw’ebugwanjuba okuyita mu California n’okutuuka e Hawaii ne Alaska. Omukolo omukulu mu ekitundu gwe gwa ZimFest, ekivvulu ky’ennyimba eky'abantu abava mu Zimbabwe ekitegekebwa buli mwaka. Bbandi zino zirina ebivuga okuva ku soprano eya waggulu, okutuuka ku soprano eya wansi, tenor, baritone ne bass. Eby'ongera ku maloboozi bitera okukolebwa nga birina obutuli obubikkiddwa ne cellophane omutono (efaananako ne [[balafon]] ) okusobola okutuuka ku ddoboozi erisaala. Amazina n'ennyimba n'ebiragibwa ebirala ebya bbandi za Amerika bitera okuba n’okukwatagana okunene, olw’okuba nga biva wa muntu omu omuyimbi Omuzimbabwe ayitibwa [[Dumisani Maraire]], eyali omuntu omukulu eyasooka okuleeta ennyimba ezo eza Zimbabwe mu mawanga g’Obugwanjuba, ng’ajja mu Yunivasite y’e Washington mu 1968. '''<big>Okukozesa kwago mu by’enjigiriza eby'awansi</big>''' Abasomesa b'ebivuga n'ennyimba bangi ku nnyimba bakozesa ebyuma ebiyitibwa amadinda ng’ekintu eky’okukozesa mu kibiina okuyamba abaana okukula mu nnyimba. Enkola emu emanyiddwa olw’okukozesa ebyuma ebiyitibwa xylophones ye [[Orff-Schulwerk]], egatta enkozesa y’ebivuga, entambula, okuyimba n’okwogera okutumbula obusobozi bw’abaana mu kuyimba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=American Orff-Schulwerk Association |url=http://www.aosa.org/ |access-date=2011-11-01 |publisher=Aosa.org}}</ref> Amadinda agakozesebwa mu bibiina by’ennyimba ez’enjawulo mu Amerika matono, nga octaves, okusinga oba okusingawo octave range y'amadinda ezikola. Amadinda ga bass gakyukakyuka erra enjawulo zino ziwandiikibwa okuva ku middle C okutuuka ku A octave waggulu naye nga ziwulikika octave emu wansi okusinga ku ziwandiikiddwa. Ennyiriri za alto ziwandiikibwa okuva ku C wakati okutuuka ku A octave waggulu era ziwulikika nga bwe ziwandiikiddwa. Ennyiriri za soprano ziwandiikibwa okuva ku C wakati okutuuka ku A octave emu waggulu naye nga ziwulikika octave emu waggulu okusinga eziwandiikiddwa.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Keetman |first=Gunild |year=1958 |title=Orff-Schulwerk Music for Children |last2=Orff |first2=Carl |publisher=Schott & Co. Ltd. |location=London |translator-last=Margaret Murray}}</ref> Okusinziira ku Andrew Tracey, aga marimbas gaayingizibwa mu Zimbabwe mu 1960.<ref name="ATracey History2">{{Cite web|last=Tracey|first=Andrew|title=Marimbas History|url=http://www.kalimba.co.za/old/marimbahistory.html|website=kalimba.co.za|publisher=Andrew Tracey and Christian Carver|date=26 May 2004|access-date=30 September 2013|archive-date=30 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630191209/http://www.kalimba.co.za/old/marimbahistory.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Marimba [[ag'e Zimbabwe]] geesigamiziddwa ku [[nnyimba z’Abashona]] era nago gafuuse ga ttutumu mu mawanga g’obugwanjuba, agaatwala enkozesa y’ebivuga bino mu kusooka okukuba ebiwandiiko by’ennyimba gwa [[mbira]] dzavadzimu (nga kw’otadde ''n’ennyimba za nyunga nyunga'' ne ''matepe'' ). Ebiwandiiko bino ebisooka mu kusooka byali bikozesebwa mu kusomesa ennyimba mu Zimbabwe. Ebivuga by’e Zimbabwe bitera okuba mu minzaani ya diatonic C major, ekibisobozesa okukubirwa ne mbira ‘western-tuned’ (G nyamaropa), oluusi nga kwongerako ekisumuluzo kya F ♯ ekiteekeddwa mu layini. == Laba ne == * [[Musical Stones of Skiddaw|Amayinja g'ennyimba aga Skiddaw]] * [[Taroko Tatuk|Taroko Tatuk, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo]] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Buganda]] <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wamu n'ebyawamu == [[Category:Ebivuga by'e Ghana]] [[Category:Ennyimba z'e Mozambique]] [[Category:Ebivuga bya Uganda]] [[Category:Ebivuga bya Zambia]] [[Category:Ebivuga by'omu bivvulu ne mu bbandi]] 7ay6engjrgtdh8ek8z8djwuwzyj42ir Amadinda 0 12602 74204 53635 2026-09-09T15:27:28Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1326877069|Xylophone]]" 74204 wikitext text/x-wiki    [[File:Xylophone.jpg|right|thumb|Amadinda wamu n'obugakuba obw'enjawulo]] '''Amadinda''' ( mu lulimi Olu Greek olw’edda ξύλον <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist</ref> <ref>https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1</ref> lit. ' <span class="gloss-text">eddoboozi ly'obubaawo</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> ) kino [[:en:Musical_instrument|kivuga]] ekigwa mu ttuluba ly'ebivuga ebikolebwa mu emiti nga bikubibwa [[:en:Percussion_mallet|obuti]] okuvaamu amaloboozi. Buli kabaawo kaba [[:en:Idiophone|ddinda ly'anjawulo]] erikolebwa okusobola okuvaamu [[:en:Musical_scale|eddoboozi ery'enjawulo]] omuli erya [[:en:Pentatonic_scale|pentatonic]] oba [[:en:Heptatonic_scale|heptatonic]] mu mbeera y’ebivuga bingi eby’Afirica ne Asia, [[:en:Diatonic_scale|diatonic]] mu bivuga bingi eby’abaana ab’amawanga g’omubugwanjuba, oba [[:en:Chromatic_scale|chromatic]] okukozesebwa mu kibiina ky’abayimbi. Erinnya amadinda liyinza okukozesebwa okutwalira awamu, okuzingiramu ebivuga byonna ng’ebyo okugeza nga [[:en:Marimba|marimba]], [[:en:Balafon|balafon]] kwossa ne [[:en:Semantron|semantron]] . Naye mu [[:en:Orchestra|kibiina ky’abayimbi]], ekigambo madinda kitegeeza nnyo ekivuga ekivaamu eddoboozi ery'awaggulu erisingako katono ku buwanvu era nga gaba gakoleddwa [[:en:Timbre|embaawo]] enkalu okusinga [[:en:Marimba|marimba]], era ebivuga bino ebibiri tebisaanidde kutabulwa. Omuntu akuba amadinda amanyiddwa nga ''xylophonist'' oba mu njogera ennyamgu ayitibwa ''mukubi w'amadinda''. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist</ref> Erinnya lino era likozesebwa nnyo okutegeeza ebivuga ebifaanagana eby’ekika kya [[:en:Lithophone|lithophone]] ne [[:en:Metallophone|metallophone]] . Okugeza, [[:en:Pixiphone|Pixiphone]] n’eby’okuzannyisa bingi ebifaananako bwe bityo ababikola bye baayogerako nga amadinda agalina ebyuma mu kifo ky'embaawo, era bwe kityo mu [[:en:Organology|lulimi lw'ebivuga]] bitwalibwa nga [[:en:Glockenspiel|glockenspiels]] mu kifo ky'amadinda. == Enzimba yaago == [[File:Xylophone-pjt1.jpg|left|thumb|E [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]], ~1914]] Amadinda ag'omulembe mu mawanga g'omu bugwanjuba galina embaawo eziva mu miti gya rosewood, padauk, cocobolo, oba ebintu eby’enjawulo ebikoleddwa nga fiberglass oba fiberglass-reinforced plastic ekisobozesa eddoboozi ery’amaanyi. <ref name="made">{{Cite web |date=26 June 2000 |title=How xylophone is made |url=http://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html |access-date=2011-11-01 |publisher=Madehow.com}}</ref> Ebimu bisobola okuba ebitono nga octaves naye xylophones z’ebivvulu zitera okuba oba 4 octaves. Okufaananako ne glockenspiel, amadinda kivuga kivuga ekiyimusa amaloboozi: ebitundu byakyo biwandiikibwa octave emu wansi w’ennukuta eziwulikika. <ref>https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10437-014-9178-z</ref> Amadinga g'oku bivvulu galina obuuma obwongera ku maloboozi agavaamu wansi w’embaawo okutumbula obuwanvu bw'eddoboozi n’okulikuuma. Fuleemu zikolebwa mu mbaawo oba obuuma obutali bwa bbeeyi nnene: amadinga ag'ebbeeyi gaba m'ongeremu mu buwanvu era gaba g'ongeddwamu obunywevu ku ttaka. Mu nkola z'abayimbi endala bakozesa nsaasi <ref name="made" /> nga zeezikola mu kuyamba okwongera eddoboozi. Amadinga amalala gaba ga kika kya "trough" nga gaba ne'kituli kimu ekikola ku kwongeza amaloboozi eri obuuma bwonna. <ref>https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10437-014-9178-z</ref> Enkola enkadde zaalimu okusengeka embaawo wamu ku , era, n’okutuusa kati kikolebwa n’okutuusa kati, okuteeka embaawo nga ziriraanaganye mu nsengeka eringa ey'amadaala. Obuti obugakuba edda bw'akolebwanga Ensigo ez’edda zaakolebwanga mu mbaawo z’omuti gwa willow nga ku nkomerero zazo kuliko ebibya ebiringa ekijiiko. <ref name="made" /> == Mallets == Amadinda galina okukubwa n'obuti bwa labba, polyball oba acrylic. Oluusi obuti bwa labba ali wakatikkati n'omugumu ennyo oba obw’obuwuzi bwe bikozesebwa okukola amaloboozi amagonvu. amaloboozi amagonvu gasobola okukolebwa ku madinda nga bakozesa obuti obuliko emitwe egy’embaawo ezikoleddwa mu muti gwa rosewood, ebony, birch oba emiti emirala emigumu. == Ebyafaayo by'ago == [[File:Kulintang_a_Kayo_01.jpg|right|thumb|''Kulintang a Kayo'', eddoboozi ly’e Philippines erya xylophone]] Ekivuga kino kirina ensibuko y’edda etamanyiddwa. Nettl yagamba nti yasibuka mu bukiikaddyo bw’obuvanjuba bwa Asia n’ejja mu Afrika c. AD 500 ekibinja ky’abantu aboogera Oluaustronesia bwe baasenguka ne bagenda mu Afirica, ne bageraageranya ebibiina by’abakubi b'amadinda ab’omu Buvanjuba bwa Africa n’ebibiina by’abazannyi baago mu aba gamelan ab'e Javanese ne Balinese. <ref name="Nettl MPC">{{Cite book |last=Nettl |first=Bruno |year=1956 |title=Music in Primitive Culture |url=https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/page/176/ |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |isbn=9780674590007 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts}}</ref> : 1 . 18–19, 19 . 100 Endowooza eno yasoomoozebwa omukugu mu nnyimba z’amawanga era omukugu mu nnimi Roger Blench, nga agamba nti ensibuko eyetongodde ey'amadinda eri mu Africa, ng’awa, mu bujulizi obw’okuyiiya mu kitundu, ebifaananyi eby’enjawulo eby'amadinda ga Afirica n’ebika by'amadinda eby’enjawulo ennyo n’ebivuga ebiringa amadinda mu Afirica. <ref>https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10437-014-9178-z</ref> === Amadinda g'omu Asia === Obujulizi obusooka ku madinda amatuufu bwava mu kyasa eky’omwenda mu bukiikaddyo bw’obuvanjuba bwa Asia, ate ekivuga eky’embaawo ekiwaniriddwa ekifaananako bwe kityo, ekika kya harmonicon, kigambibwa nti Vienna Symphonic Library kyaliwo mu 2000 BC mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa China. Ranat eringa xylophone yakozesebwa mu bitundu by’Abahindu (kashta tharang). Mu Indonesia, ebitundu bitono ebirina ekika kyabyo ekya xylophones. Mu North Sumatra, Abantu b'e Toba Batak bakozesa ebyuma ebiyitibwa xylophones eby'embaawo ebimanyiddwa nga [[Garantung]] (ebiwandiikiddwa: "garattung"). Java ne Bali bakozesa ennukuta za xylophones (eziyitibwa gambang, [[Rindik]] ne [[Tingklik]] ) mu nsengeka za gamelan . Zikyalina amakulu ag’ennono mu Malaysia, Melanesia, Indonesia, Thailand, Myanmar, n’ebitundu by’Amerika. Mu Myanmar, xylophone emanyiddwa nga Pattala era mu bujjuvu ekolebwa mu miwemba. === Amadinda ga Africa === [[File:Ogbongelenge.jpg|thumb|African Xylophone era emanyiddwa nga Ogbongelenge ekika ky’Abaigbo. [[m:Audiovisuals_of_Igbo_Dances_(AID)_Project|Pulojekiti ya AID]]]] The term ''marimba'' is also applied to various traditional folk instruments such as the West Africa ''balafon''. Early forms were constructed of bars atop a gourd.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist</ref> The wood is first roasted around a fire before shaping the key to achieve the desired tone. The resonator is tuned to the key through careful choice of size of resonator, adjustment of the diameter of the mouth of the resonator using wasp wax and adjustment of the height of the key above the resonator. A skilled maker can produce startling amplification. The mallets used to play ''dibinda'' and ''mbila'' have heads made from natural rubber taken from a wild creeping plant.<ref name="answers1">{{Cite web |date=25 November 2010 |title=Music of Mozambique: Information from |url=http://www.answers.com/topic/music-of-mozambique |access-date=2011-11-01 |publisher=Answers.com}}</ref> "Interlocking" or alternating rhythm features in Eastern African xylophone music such as that of the Makonde ''dimbila'', the Yao ''mangolongondo'' or the Shirima ''mangwilo'' in which the ''opachera'', the initial caller, is responded to by another player, the ''wakulela''. This usually doubles an already rapid rhythmic pulse that may also co-exist with a counter-rhythm. ==== Mbila ==== [[File:Timbela_(musical_instrument).jpg|right|thumb|Tibila]] Mbila (mu bungi "timbila") kika ekikwatagana n'abantu b'e Chopi ab'omu ssaza ly'e Inhambane, mu bukiikaddyo bwa Mozambique. <ref name="answers1" /> Tekirina kutabulwa na mbira . Omusono gw’onvuga yaago n'ennyimba eziyimbirwako kigireetera okuba nga y'enkola esinga okuba enzibu oba eyeekikugu kyokka nga esanngibwa mu bantu abatali baayivu bulungi. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist</ref> Amadinda gano ag'e [[Mozambique]]<nowiki/>gakubibwa mu bibinja ebinene ku mazina amayiiye obulungi, oba oly'awo nga galaga emizannyo egikwata ku byafaayo. Ebibinja by'abazinnyi bibaamu amadinda agawera nga kkumi ag'obunene obwa sayizi ssatu oba nnya. Ekibiina ky’abayimbi ekijjuvu kiyinza okuba n'ebivuga bibiri ebya bass ebiyitibwa gulu nga biriko ebisumuluzo by’embaawo bisatu oba bina ebikubibwa nga bayimiridde nga bakozesa obuti obukuba obuzito obuliko emitwe gya labba emigumu, tenor dibinda ssatu, nga biriko ebisumuluzo kkumi era nga bikubibwa nga batudde, ne mbila yennyini, erimu ebisumuluzo ebituuka ku kkumi na mwenda nga ku bino okutuuka ku munaana biyinza okukubibwa omulundi gumu. Gulu ekozesa ensaasi, ate mbila ne dibinda Masala bakozesa bisusunku by’amakovu amatono nga ebyongeza ku maloboozi. Ziwerekera amazina n’ennyimba z'ennono empanvu ebiyitibwa ngomi oba mgodo era nga zirimu ebitundu by’ennyimba nga kkumi nga ziteereddwa mu bibinja 4 ez’enjawulo, nga biriko ‘oluyimba oba omuzannyo oba amazina agaggulawo’, mu kudduka kw'ebivuga bino n’emisono egy’enjawulo. Omukulembeze w’ekibiina aweereza ng’omutontomi, omuyimbi, ayimbisa banne n’omuzannyi, ng’akola ekiwandiiko, ayiiya oluyimba nga mu ngeri emu lwekuusa ku mpulikika y'olulimi lw'aba Chopi n’okuyiiya layini eyookubiri ey’okugatta emidigido. Abayimbi b’ekibiina kino bayiiya ekitundu ku bitundu byabwe. Olwo omuyimbi yeebuuza ku muyiiya w'amazina ow'omukolo ogwo era enkyukakyuka ne zikolebwa. <ref name="Nettl MPC" /> Ekisinga obuwanvu era ekisinga obukulu ku bino ye "Mzeno" eba egenda okubeeramu oluyimba olunyumya ku nsonga ey'omugaso mu kitundu oba n'okusaagira ku muntu omututumufu mu kitundu! <ref name="answers1" /> Abayimbi kuliko Eduardo Durão ne Venancio Mbande. <ref name="answers1" /> <ref>https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Romney |first=Jonathan |date=5 March 1991 |title=Timbila album review |journal=Q Magazine |volume=55 |pages=68}}</ref> ==== Gyil ==== Enkola y'ekivuga kino efaananako n’eya ''Balaba'' oba Balafon ekikozesebwa abantu aboogera Olumande nga ba -Bambara, Dyula n'aba Sosso mu bitundu eby'ewala mu Bugwanjuba mu bitundu by'Oukiikaddyo bwa [[Mali]] n’obugwanjuba bwa [[Burkina Faso]], ekitundu ekirimu ennono nnyingi ez’ennyimba n’ez’omu bukiikakkono bwa Ivory Coast ne Ghana. Kikolebwa n’ebisumuluzo by’embaawo 14 eby’omuti omugumu ogw’omu Afirica oguyitibwa liga nga biteekebwa ku lubaawo nga wansi wabaayo ensaasi nga zirengejja. <ref name="Colter2008">{{Cite journal |last=Harper |first=Colter |year=2008 |title=Life, Death, and Music in West Africa |url=http://contexts.org/articles/winter-2008/harper/ |journal=Contexts Magazine |volume=Winter |pages=44–51 |doi=10.1525/ctx.2008.7.1.44 |s2cid=59623412 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Ensaasi ziba n'obusaanikira obwa sirika nga bulinga ennyumba za nnabbubi obuyamba okuvaamu eddoboozo erisaala ne bakozesa eddiba ly'engabi okusiba okunyweza. <ref name="Colter2008" /> Ekivuga kino kikubiddwa n’obuti bw’embaawo obuliko emitwe gya labba. ==== Silimba ==== [[File:Silimba-Zambia.jpg|right|thumb|''Silimba'' mu katale k’e Zambia]] '''Silimba''' g'emadinda agakozesebwa ennyo mu bantu abayitibwa ab'aNkoya n'Abalozi ab'e Barotseland mu bugwanjuba bwa [[Zambia]] . <ref name="ATracey History">{{Cite web |last=Tracey |first=Andrew |date=26 May 2004 |title=Marimbas History |url=http://www.kalimba.co.za/old/marimbahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630191209/http://www.kalimba.co.za/old/marimbahistory.html |archive-date=30 June 2017 |access-date=30 September 2013 |website=kalimba.co.za |publisher=Andrew Tracey and Christian Carver}}</ref> Ebisumuluzo ebiteekeddwateekeddwa bisibibwa waggulu w'ensaasi ezivuga. Gano nga gamanyiddwa nga shinjimba mu ba Nkoya, nga gakubibwa ku Kazanga, omukolo gw’obwakabaka ogw’ennono ogw’Abankoya. Silimba kitundu kikulu nnyo mu nnono z’ennyimba z’obuwangwa ez’abantu b’e Lozi era osobola okugiwulira ku mukolo gw'abwe ogw’e Kuomboka ogutegekebwa buli mwaka. Silimba kati ekozesebwa mu bitundu bya Zambia ebisinga obungi. ==== Akadinda, amadinda ne mbaire ==== '''Akadinda,''' '''amadinda''' nga bwe gayitibwa mu luganda bivuga ebisibuka mu [[Buganda]], nga eyitibwa [[Yuganda|Uganda]] omulembe guno . Amadinda gakolebwa galina emiti kkumineebiri nga gino gipangibwa ku kintu kya njuyi ttaano. Okusinga gakubibwa abantu basatu. Abakubi babiri batuula nga buli omu atunudde mu munne ne bakugakuba mu ngeri ekwatagana ku misinde egy'awaggulu. Tegaba na nsaasi oba ddoboozi lyonna lisaala, nga zino z'embeera ebbiri ez'amadinda mangi aga Afirica. Amadinda kyali kivuga kikulu mu kkooti y’obwakabaka bwa Buganda, obwakabaka obusangibwa mu Uganda. Ekika ky’empulikika eky’enjawulo kati kikozesebwa ku madinda gano, nga kirimu ennamba nebisera. nga bwe kiri ne ku madinda agayitibwa '''embaire''', nga kino kika ekisibuka mu bukiikaddyo bwa [[Yuganda|Uganda]] . <ref name="britannica1" /> ==== Balo ==== '''''Balo''''' ( '''''balenjeh''''', '''''behlanjeh''''' ) kino kika ekikozesebwa mu bantu b’e Mandinka mu maserengeta ga Afrika. Ebisumuluzo byakyo biteekebwa ku nsaasi, era kikubwa n'obuti nga bulina emitwe emikole mu labba. Abakubi bakyo batera okwambala mu ngalo obude obwekyuma ku mikono gyabwe busobole okuvaamu amaloboozi nga nwe bakuba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 November 2004 |title=The Behlanjeh, the national musical instrument of the Mandingos |url=https://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/1240 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070627205236/http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/1240 |archive-date=27 June 2007 |publisher=Royal Commonwealth Society Library. Cambridge University Library. University of Cambridge}}</ref> === Amadinda G'abazungu === [[File:Xylophone-Antonko-AXF09-Marimba-Antonko-AMC12.jpg|left|thumb|Xylophone y’abayimbi (ku kkono) ne marimba (ku ddyo) .]] Okusooka okwogerwako kw'amadinda mu Bulaaya kwali mu kitabo kya Arnolt Schlick ekya ''Spiegel der Orgelmacher und Organisten'' (1511), gye gyitibwa ''hültze glechter'' ("okuwuuma kw'embaawo"). <ref name="VSL">{{Cite web |title=History{{Snd}} The world of wooden mallet instruments |url=https://vsl.co.at/en/Xylophone/History |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430183151/https://www.vsl.co.at/en/Xylophone/History |archive-date=30 April 2018 |access-date=2011-11-01 |website=Vsl.co.at |publisher=Vienna Symphonic Library}}</ref> Waliwo ennyinnyonnyola endala ezikwata ku kivuga kino, wadde ng'ekigambo "amadinda" tekyakozesebwa okutuuka mu myaka gya 1860. Ekivuga kino kyali kikwatagana nnyo n'ennyimba z'ekinnansi ez'amasekkati ga Bulaaya, naddala mu Poland n'obuvanjuba bwa Bugirimaani. Ekika ekyasooka kyali mu [[Slovakia]] <ref name="Nettl MPC" /> : 98. Ekivuga ekyali kisimbuddwa mu kkyo kyajjira mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Xylophone |url=http://www.concertgoersguide.org/onstage/instruments/thexylophone.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070813000208/http://www.concertgoersguide.org/onstage/instruments/thexylophone.php |archive-date=13 August 2007 |access-date=5 June 2015 |website=Concertgoersguide.org |publisher=Oregon Symphony Players Association}}</ref> Okusooka okukozesa amadinda mu kibiina ky'abayimbi n'abakubi b'ebivuga Abazungu kwali mu Camille Saint-Saëns’ ''Danse Macabre'', mu 1874. <ref name="made" /> Mu kiseera ekyo, ekivuga kino kyali kyamanyizibwa dda Michael Josef Gusikov okutuuka ku ddaala erimu, nga ekivuga ekikye kyali ky'amadinda agaalina enkuubo ettaano agaakolebwa mu mbaawo 28 nga zisengekeddwa mu ngeri ya semitones mu ngeri ya trapezoid era nga zitudde ziwaniriddwa obuntu obulinda obuseke. Tewaaliwo byongera ku maloboozi era nga gakubibwa mangu n’obuti owali bufaanana ng’ejiiko. Okusinziira ku mukugu mu by’ennyimba Curt Sachs, Gusikov yayimbira mu bivvulu by’omu bifo awawummulirwa, mu ndaga ez’enjawulo, era ng’ekikolwa eky'enjawulo mu bivvulu eby'amaloboozi. Amadinda g'omu bazungu gaakozesebwanga bbandi za jjaazi ezaasooka ne mu [[:en:Vaudeville|vaudeville]] . Eddoboozi lyago eriwulikika obulungi lyakolanga bulungi mu nnyimba z’emyaka gya 1920 ne 1930. Red Norvo, George Cary, George Hamilton Green, Teddy Brown, Harry Breuer ne Harry Robbins be bamu ku bakubi baago abaali bamanyiddwa ennyo. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, amadinga gano wajjawo ekika ky'ekivuga ekiyitibwa metal-key vibraphone, eky'agayitako mu kwatiikirira nga kino kyakolebwa mu myaka gya 1920. Ekika ky'amadinda gyegagenda gakendeera gaafuuka marimba era ne gayitibwa xylorimba . Mu kugaba obubonero mu bivuga, xylophone esobola okwogerwako Abafalansa aba ''claquebois'', Abagirimaani aba ''Holzharmonika'' (mu bufunze "ekivuga eky'embaawo"), oba ''Silofono'' mu Yitale. Shostakovich yali ayagala nnyo ekivuga kino; kirina emirimu egy’amaanyi mu mirimu gye mingi, omuli n’ennyimba ze ezisinga obungi eza symphony ne Cello Concerto No. 2 ye. Xylophone era ekola kinene mu mazina ga Khachaturian aga Sabre Dance . Abazannyi ba xylophone ab’omulembe guno kuliko Bob Becker, Evelyn Glennie ne Ian Finkel. Mu Amerika, waliyo bbandi za marimba ez’e Zimbabwe ezisinga obungi mu Pacific Northwest, Colorado, ne New Mexico, naye bbandi ziriyo okuva ku lubalama lw’ebugwanjuba okuyita mu California n’okutuuka e Hawaii ne Alaska. Omukolo omukulu mu ekitundu gwe gwa ZimFest, ekivvulu ky’ennyimba eky'abantu abava mu Zimbabwe ekitegekebwa buli mwaka. Bbandi zino zirina ebivuga okuva ku soprano eya waggulu, okutuuka ku soprano eya wansi, tenor, baritone ne bass. Eby'ongera ku maloboozi bitera okukolebwa nga birina obutuli obubikkiddwa ne cellophane omutono (efaananako ne balafon ) okusobola okutuuka ku ddoboozi erisaala. Amazina n'ennyimba n'ebiragibwa ebirala ebya bbandi za Amerika bitera okuba n’okukwatagana okunene, olw’okuba nga biva wa muntu omu omuyimbi Omuzimbabwe ayitibwa Dumisani Maraire, eyali omuntu omukulu eyasooka okuleeta ennyimba ezo eza Zimbabwe mu mawanga g’Obugwanjuba, ng’ajja mu Yunivasite y’e Washington mu 1968. == Kozesa mu by’enjigiriza eby'awansi == [[File:Tres_xilófonos.JPG|thumb|Xylophones ssatu eza Orff-Schulwerk ez’enjawulo.]] Abasomesa b'ebivuga n'ennyimba bangi ku nnyimba bakozesa ebyuma ebiyitibwa xylophones ng’ekintu eky’okukozesa mu kibiina okuyamba abaana okukula mu nnyimba. Enkola emu emanyiddwa olw’okukozesa ebyuma ebiyitibwa xylophones ye Orff-Schulwerk, egatta enkozesa y’ebivuga, entambula, okuyimba n’okwogera okutumbula obusobozi bw’abaana mu kuyimba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=American Orff-Schulwerk Association |url=http://www.aosa.org/ |access-date=2011-11-01 |publisher=Aosa.org}}</ref> Xylophones ezikozesebwa mu bibiina by’ennyimba ez’enjawulo mu Amerika ntono, nga octaves, okusinga oba okusingawo octave range ya xylophones ezikola. Bass xylophone ranges ziwandiikibwa okuva ku middle C okutuuka ku A octave waggulu naye nga ziwulikika octave emu wansi okusinga ku ziwandiikiddwa. Ennyiriri za alto ziwandiikibwa okuva ku C wakati okutuuka ku A octave waggulu era ziwulikika nga bwe ziwandiikiddwa. Ennyiriri za soprano ziwandiikibwa okuva ku C wakati okutuuka ku A octave emu waggulu naye nga ziwulikika octave emu waggulu okusinga eziwandiikiddwa. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Keetman |first=Gunild |year=1958 |title=Orff-Schulwerk Music for Children |last2=Orff |first2=Carl |publisher=Schott & Co. Ltd. |location=London |translator-last=Margaret Murray}}</ref> qqvelwpts5s8qtc20s8jxf21xdbmoof 74205 74204 2026-09-09T15:35:31Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1326877069|Xylophone]]" 74205 wikitext text/x-wiki    [[File:Xylophone.jpg|right|thumb|Amadinda wamu n'obugakuba obw'enjawulo]] '''Amadinda''' ( mu lulimi Olu Greek olw’edda ξύλον <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist</ref> <ref>https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1</ref> lit. ' <span class="gloss-text">eddoboozi ly'obubaawo</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> ) kino [[:en:Musical_instrument|kivuga]] ekigwa mu ttuluba ly'ebivuga ebikolebwa mu emiti nga bikubibwa [[:en:Percussion_mallet|obuti]] okuvaamu amaloboozi. Buli kabaawo kaba [[:en:Idiophone|ddinda ly'anjawulo]] erikolebwa okusobola okuvaamu [[:en:Musical_scale|eddoboozi ery'enjawulo]] omuli erya [[:en:Pentatonic_scale|pentatonic]] oba [[:en:Heptatonic_scale|heptatonic]] mu mbeera y’ebivuga bingi eby’Afirica ne Asia, [[:en:Diatonic_scale|diatonic]] mu bivuga bingi eby’abaana ab’amawanga g’omubugwanjuba, oba [[:en:Chromatic_scale|chromatic]] okukozesebwa mu kibiina ky’abayimbi. Erinnya amadinda liyinza okukozesebwa okutwalira awamu, okuzingiramu ebivuga byonna ng’ebyo okugeza nga [[:en:Marimba|marimba]], [[:en:Balafon|balafon]] kwossa ne [[:en:Semantron|semantron]] . Naye mu [[:en:Orchestra|kibiina ky’abayimbi]], ekigambo madinda kitegeeza nnyo ekivuga ekivaamu eddoboozi ery'awaggulu erisingako katono ku buwanvu era nga gaba gakoleddwa [[:en:Timbre|embaawo]] enkalu okusinga [[:en:Marimba|marimba]], era ebivuga bino ebibiri tebisaanidde kutabulwa. Omuntu akuba amadinda amanyiddwa nga ''xylophonist'' oba mu njogera ennyamgu ayitibwa ''mukubi w'amadinda''. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist</ref> Erinnya lino era likozesebwa nnyo okutegeeza ebivuga ebifaanagana eby’ekika kya [[:en:Lithophone|lithophone]] ne [[:en:Metallophone|metallophone]] . Okugeza, [[:en:Pixiphone|Pixiphone]] n’eby’okuzannyisa bingi ebifaananako bwe bityo ababikola bye baayogerako nga amadinda agalina ebyuma mu kifo ky'embaawo, era bwe kityo mu [[:en:Organology|lulimi lw'ebivuga]] bitwalibwa nga [[:en:Glockenspiel|glockenspiels]] mu kifo ky'amadinda. == Enzimba yaago == [[File:Xylophone-pjt1.jpg|left|thumb|E [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]], ~1914]] Amadinda ag'omulembe mu mawanga g'omu bugwanjuba galina embaawo eziva mu miti gya rosewood, padauk, cocobolo, oba ebintu eby’enjawulo ebikoleddwa nga fiberglass oba fiberglass-reinforced plastic ekisobozesa eddoboozi ery’amaanyi. <ref name="made">{{Cite web |date=26 June 2000 |title=How xylophone is made |url=http://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html |access-date=2011-11-01 |publisher=Madehow.com}}</ref> Ebimu bisobola okuba ebitono nga octaves naye xylophones z’ebivvulu zitera okuba oba 4 octaves. Okufaananako ne glockenspiel, amadinda kivuga kivuga ekiyimusa amaloboozi: ebitundu byakyo biwandiikibwa octave emu wansi w’ennukuta eziwulikika. <ref>https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10437-014-9178-z</ref> Amadinga g'oku bivvulu galina obuuma obwongera ku maloboozi agavaamu wansi w’embaawo okutumbula obuwanvu bw'eddoboozi n’okulikuuma. Fuleemu zikolebwa mu mbaawo oba obuuma obutali bwa bbeeyi nnene: amadinga ag'ebbeeyi gaba m'ongeremu mu buwanvu era gaba g'ongeddwamu obunywevu ku ttaka. Mu nkola z'abayimbi endala bakozesa nsaasi <ref name="made" /> nga zeezikola mu kuyamba okwongera eddoboozi. Amadinga amalala gaba ga kika kya "trough" nga gaba ne'kituli kimu ekikola ku kwongeza amaloboozi eri obuuma bwonna. <ref>https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10437-014-9178-z</ref> Enkola enkadde zaalimu okusengeka embaawo wamu ku , era, n’okutuusa kati kikolebwa n’okutuusa kati, okuteeka embaawo nga ziriraanaganye mu nsengeka eringa ey'amadaala. Obuti obugakuba edda bw'akolebwanga Ensigo ez’edda zaakolebwanga mu mbaawo z’omuti gwa willow nga ku nkomerero zazo kuliko ebibya ebiringa ekijiiko. <ref name="made" /> == Mallets == Amadinda galina okukubwa n'obuti bwa labba, polyball oba acrylic. Oluusi obuti bwa labba ali wakatikkati n'omugumu ennyo oba obw’obuwuzi bwe bikozesebwa okukola amaloboozi amagonvu. amaloboozi amagonvu gasobola okukolebwa ku madinda nga bakozesa obuti obuliko emitwe egy’embaawo ezikoleddwa mu muti gwa rosewood, ebony, birch oba emiti emirala emigumu. == Ebyafaayo by'ago == [[File:Kulintang_a_Kayo_01.jpg|right|thumb|''Kulintang a Kayo'', eddoboozi ly’e Philippines erya xylophone]] Ekivuga kino kirina ensibuko y’edda etamanyiddwa. Nettl yagamba nti yasibuka mu bukiikaddyo bw’obuvanjuba bwa Asia n’ejja mu Afrika c. AD 500 ekibinja ky’abantu aboogera Oluaustronesia bwe baasenguka ne bagenda mu Afirica, ne bageraageranya ebibiina by’abakubi b'amadinda ab’omu Buvanjuba bwa Africa n’ebibiina by’abazannyi baago mu aba gamelan ab'e Javanese ne Balinese. <ref name="Nettl MPC">{{Cite book |last=Nettl |first=Bruno |year=1956 |title=Music in Primitive Culture |url=https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/page/176/ |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |isbn=9780674590007 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts}}</ref> : 1 . 18–19, 19 . 100 Endowooza eno yasoomoozebwa omukugu mu nnyimba z’amawanga era omukugu mu nnimi Roger Blench, nga agamba nti ensibuko eyetongodde ey'amadinda eri mu Africa, ng’awa, mu bujulizi obw’okuyiiya mu kitundu, ebifaananyi eby’enjawulo eby'amadinda ga Afirica n’ebika by'amadinda eby’enjawulo ennyo n’ebivuga ebiringa amadinda mu Afirica. <ref>https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10437-014-9178-z</ref> === Amadinda g'omu Asia === Obujulizi obusooka ku madinda amatuufu bwava mu kyasa eky’omwenda mu bukiikaddyo bw’obuvanjuba bwa Asia, ate ekivuga eky’embaawo ekiwaniriddwa ekifaananako bwe kityo, ekika kya harmonicon, kigambibwa nti Vienna Symphonic Library kyaliwo mu 2000 BC mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa China. Ranat eringa xylophone yakozesebwa mu bitundu by’Abahindu (kashta tharang). Mu Indonesia, ebitundu bitono ebirina ekika kyabyo ekya xylophones. Mu North Sumatra, Abantu b'e Toba Batak bakozesa ebyuma ebiyitibwa xylophones eby'embaawo ebimanyiddwa nga [[Garantung]] (ebiwandiikiddwa: "garattung"). Java ne Bali bakozesa ennukuta za xylophones (eziyitibwa gambang, [[Rindik]] ne [[Tingklik]] ) mu nsengeka za gamelan . Zikyalina amakulu ag’ennono mu Malaysia, Melanesia, Indonesia, Thailand, Myanmar, n’ebitundu by’Amerika. Mu Myanmar, xylophone emanyiddwa nga Pattala era mu bujjuvu ekolebwa mu miwemba. === Amadinda ga Africa === [[File:Ogbongelenge.jpg|thumb|African Xylophone era emanyiddwa nga Ogbongelenge ekika ky’Abaigbo. [[m:Audiovisuals_of_Igbo_Dances_(AID)_Project|Pulojekiti ya AID]]]] The term ''marimba'' is also applied to various traditional folk instruments such as the West Africa ''balafon''. Early forms were constructed of bars atop a gourd.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist</ref> The wood is first roasted around a fire before shaping the key to achieve the desired tone. The resonator is tuned to the key through careful choice of size of resonator, adjustment of the diameter of the mouth of the resonator using wasp wax and adjustment of the height of the key above the resonator. A skilled maker can produce startling amplification. The mallets used to play ''dibinda'' and ''mbila'' have heads made from natural rubber taken from a wild creeping plant.<ref name="answers1">{{Cite web |date=25 November 2010 |title=Music of Mozambique: Information from |url=http://www.answers.com/topic/music-of-mozambique |access-date=2011-11-01 |publisher=Answers.com}}</ref> "Interlocking" or alternating rhythm features in Eastern African xylophone music such as that of the Makonde ''dimbila'', the Yao ''mangolongondo'' or the Shirima ''mangwilo'' in which the ''opachera'', the initial caller, is responded to by another player, the ''wakulela''. This usually doubles an already rapid rhythmic pulse that may also co-exist with a counter-rhythm. ==== Mbila ==== [[File:Timbela_(musical_instrument).jpg|right|thumb|Tibila]] Mbila (mu bungi "timbila") kika ekikwatagana n'abantu b'e Chopi ab'omu ssaza ly'e Inhambane, mu bukiikaddyo bwa Mozambique. <ref name="answers1" /> Tekirina kutabulwa na mbira . Omusono gw’onvuga yaago n'ennyimba eziyimbirwako kigireetera okuba nga y'enkola esinga okuba enzibu oba eyeekikugu kyokka nga esanngibwa mu bantu abatali baayivu bulungi. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist</ref> Amadinda gano ag'e [[Mozambique]]<nowiki/>gakubibwa mu bibinja ebinene ku mazina amayiiye obulungi, oba oly'awo nga galaga emizannyo egikwata ku byafaayo. Ebibinja by'abazinnyi bibaamu amadinda agawera nga kkumi ag'obunene obwa sayizi ssatu oba nnya. Ekibiina ky’abayimbi ekijjuvu kiyinza okuba n'ebivuga bibiri ebya bass ebiyitibwa gulu nga biriko ebisumuluzo by’embaawo bisatu oba bina ebikubibwa nga bayimiridde nga bakozesa obuti obukuba obuzito obuliko emitwe gya labba emigumu, tenor dibinda ssatu, nga biriko ebisumuluzo kkumi era nga bikubibwa nga batudde, ne mbila yennyini, erimu ebisumuluzo ebituuka ku kkumi na mwenda nga ku bino okutuuka ku munaana biyinza okukubibwa omulundi gumu. Gulu ekozesa ensaasi, ate mbila ne dibinda Masala bakozesa bisusunku by’amakovu amatono nga ebyongeza ku maloboozi. Ziwerekera amazina n’ennyimba z'ennono empanvu ebiyitibwa ngomi oba mgodo era nga zirimu ebitundu by’ennyimba nga kkumi nga ziteereddwa mu bibinja 4 ez’enjawulo, nga biriko ‘oluyimba oba omuzannyo oba amazina agaggulawo’, mu kudduka kw'ebivuga bino n’emisono egy’enjawulo. Omukulembeze w’ekibiina aweereza ng’omutontomi, omuyimbi, ayimbisa banne n’omuzannyi, ng’akola ekiwandiiko, ayiiya oluyimba nga mu ngeri emu lwekuusa ku mpulikika y'olulimi lw'aba Chopi n’okuyiiya layini eyookubiri ey’okugatta emidigido. Abayimbi b’ekibiina kino bayiiya ekitundu ku bitundu byabwe. Olwo omuyimbi yeebuuza ku muyiiya w'amazina ow'omukolo ogwo era enkyukakyuka ne zikolebwa. <ref name="Nettl MPC" /> Ekisinga obuwanvu era ekisinga obukulu ku bino ye "Mzeno" eba egenda okubeeramu oluyimba olunyumya ku nsonga ey'omugaso mu kitundu oba n'okusaagira ku muntu omututumufu mu kitundu! <ref name="answers1" /> Abayimbi kuliko Eduardo Durão ne Venancio Mbande. <ref name="answers1" /> <ref>https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Romney |first=Jonathan |date=5 March 1991 |title=Timbila album review |journal=Q Magazine |volume=55 |pages=68}}</ref> ==== Gyil ==== Enkola y'ekivuga kino efaananako n’eya ''Balaba'' oba Balafon ekikozesebwa abantu aboogera Olumande nga ba -Bambara, Dyula n'aba Sosso mu bitundu eby'ewala mu Bugwanjuba mu bitundu by'Oukiikaddyo bwa [[Mali]] n’obugwanjuba bwa [[Burkina Faso]], ekitundu ekirimu ennono nnyingi ez’ennyimba n’ez’omu bukiikakkono bwa Ivory Coast ne Ghana. Kikolebwa n’ebisumuluzo by’embaawo 14 eby’omuti omugumu ogw’omu Afirica oguyitibwa liga nga biteekebwa ku lubaawo nga wansi wabaayo ensaasi nga zirengejja. <ref name="Colter2008">{{Cite journal |last=Harper |first=Colter |year=2008 |title=Life, Death, and Music in West Africa |url=http://contexts.org/articles/winter-2008/harper/ |journal=Contexts Magazine |volume=Winter |pages=44–51 |doi=10.1525/ctx.2008.7.1.44 |s2cid=59623412 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Ensaasi ziba n'obusaanikira obwa sirika nga bulinga ennyumba za nnabbubi obuyamba okuvaamu eddoboozo erisaala ne bakozesa eddiba ly'engabi okusiba okunyweza. <ref name="Colter2008" /> Ekivuga kino kikubiddwa n’obuti bw’embaawo obuliko emitwe gya labba. ==== Silimba ==== [[File:Silimba-Zambia.jpg|right|thumb|''Silimba'' mu katale k’e Zambia]] '''Silimba''' g'emadinda agakozesebwa ennyo mu bantu abayitibwa ab'aNkoya n'Abalozi ab'e Barotseland mu bugwanjuba bwa [[Zambia]] . <ref name="ATracey History">{{Cite web |last=Tracey |first=Andrew |date=26 May 2004 |title=Marimbas History |url=http://www.kalimba.co.za/old/marimbahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630191209/http://www.kalimba.co.za/old/marimbahistory.html |archive-date=30 June 2017 |access-date=30 September 2013 |website=kalimba.co.za |publisher=Andrew Tracey and Christian Carver}}</ref> Ebisumuluzo ebiteekeddwateekeddwa bisibibwa waggulu w'ensaasi ezivuga. Gano nga gamanyiddwa nga shinjimba mu ba Nkoya, nga gakubibwa ku Kazanga, omukolo gw’obwakabaka ogw’ennono ogw’Abankoya. Silimba kitundu kikulu nnyo mu nnono z’ennyimba z’obuwangwa ez’abantu b’e Lozi era osobola okugiwulira ku mukolo gw'abwe ogw’e Kuomboka ogutegekebwa buli mwaka. Silimba kati ekozesebwa mu bitundu bya Zambia ebisinga obungi. ==== Akadinda, amadinda ne mbaire ==== '''Akadinda,''' '''amadinda''' nga bwe gayitibwa mu luganda bivuga ebisibuka mu [[Buganda]], nga eyitibwa [[Yuganda|Uganda]] omulembe guno . Amadinda gakolebwa galina emiti kkumineebiri nga gino gipangibwa ku kintu kya njuyi ttaano. Okusinga gakubibwa abantu basatu. Abakubi babiri batuula nga buli omu atunudde mu munne ne bakugakuba mu ngeri ekwatagana ku misinde egy'awaggulu. Tegaba na nsaasi oba ddoboozi lyonna lisaala, nga zino z'embeera ebbiri ez'amadinda mangi aga Afirica. Amadinda kyali kivuga kikulu mu kkooti y’obwakabaka bwa Buganda, obwakabaka obusangibwa mu Uganda. Ekika ky’empulikika eky’enjawulo kati kikozesebwa ku madinda gano, nga kirimu ennamba n'ebiseera. nga bwe kiri ne ku madinda agayitibwa '''embaire''', nga kino kika ekisibuka mu bukiikaddyo bwa [[Yuganda|Uganda]].<ref name="britannica1" /> ==== Balo ==== '''''Balo''''' ( '''''balenjeh''''', '''''behlanjeh''''' ) kino kika ekikozesebwa mu bantu b’e Mandinka mu maserengeta ga Africa. Ebisumuluzo byakyo biteekebwa ku nsaasi, era kikubwa n'obuti nga bulina emitwe emikole mu labba. Abakubi bakyo batera okwambala mu ngalo obude obwekyuma ku mikono gyabwe busobole okuvaamu amaloboozi nga nwe bakuba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 November 2004 |title=The Behlanjeh, the national musical instrument of the Mandingos |url=https://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/1240 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070627205236/http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/1240 |archive-date=27 June 2007 |publisher=Royal Commonwealth Society Library. Cambridge University Library. University of Cambridge}}</ref> === Amadinda G'abazungu === [[File:Xylophone-Antonko-AXF09-Marimba-Antonko-AMC12.jpg|left|thumb|Xylophone y’abayimbi (ku kkono) ne marimba (ku ddyo) .]] Okusooka okwogerwako kw'amadinda mu Bulaaya kwali mu kitabo kya Arnolt Schlick ekya ''Spiegel der Orgelmacher und Organisten'' (1511), gye gyitibwa ''hültze glechter'' ("okuwuuma kw'embaawo"). <ref name="VSL">{{Cite web |title=History{{Snd}} The world of wooden mallet instruments |url=https://vsl.co.at/en/Xylophone/History |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430183151/https://www.vsl.co.at/en/Xylophone/History |archive-date=30 April 2018 |access-date=2011-11-01 |website=Vsl.co.at |publisher=Vienna Symphonic Library}}</ref> Waliwo ennyinnyonnyola endala ezikwata ku kivuga kino, wadde ng'ekigambo "amadinda" tekyakozesebwa okutuuka mu myaka gya 1860. Ekivuga kino kyali kikwatagana nnyo n'ennyimba z'ekinnansi ez'amasekkati ga Bulaaya, naddala mu Poland n'obuvanjuba bwa Bugirimaani. Ekika ekyasooka kyali mu [[Slovakia]] <ref name="Nettl MPC" /> : 98. Ekivuga ekyali kisimbuddwa mu kkyo kyajjira mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Xylophone |url=http://www.concertgoersguide.org/onstage/instruments/thexylophone.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070813000208/http://www.concertgoersguide.org/onstage/instruments/thexylophone.php |archive-date=13 August 2007 |access-date=5 June 2015 |website=Concertgoersguide.org |publisher=Oregon Symphony Players Association}}</ref> Okusooka okukozesa amadinda mu kibiina ky'abayimbi n'abakubi b'ebivuga Abazungu kwali mu Camille Saint-Saëns’ ''Danse Macabre'', mu 1874. <ref name="made" /> Mu kiseera ekyo, ekivuga kino kyali kyamanyizibwa dda Michael Josef Gusikov okutuuka ku ddaala erimu, nga ekivuga ekikye kyali ky'amadinda agaalina enkuubo ettaano agaakolebwa mu mbaawo 28 nga zisengekeddwa mu ngeri ya semitones mu ngeri ya trapezoid era nga zitudde ziwaniriddwa obuntu obulinda obuseke. Tewaaliwo byongera ku maloboozi era nga gakubibwa mangu n’obuti owali bufaanana ng’ejiiko. Okusinziira ku mukugu mu by’ennyimba Curt Sachs, Gusikov yayimbira mu bivvulu by’omu bifo awawummulirwa, mu ndaga ez’enjawulo, era ng’ekikolwa eky'enjawulo mu bivvulu eby'amaloboozi. Amadinda g'omu bazungu gaakozesebwanga bbandi za jjaazi ezaasooka ne mu [[:en:Vaudeville|vaudeville]] . Eddoboozi lyago eriwulikika obulungi lyakolanga bulungi mu nnyimba z’emyaka gya 1920 ne 1930. Red Norvo, George Cary, George Hamilton Green, Teddy Brown, Harry Breuer ne Harry Robbins be bamu ku bakubi baago abaali bamanyiddwa ennyo. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, amadinga gano wajjawo ekika ky'ekivuga ekiyitibwa metal-key vibraphone, eky'agayitako mu kwatiikirira nga kino kyakolebwa mu myaka gya 1920. Ekika ky'amadinda gyegagenda gakendeera gaafuuka marimba era ne gayitibwa xylorimba . Mu kugaba obubonero mu bivuga, amadinda oba xylophone esobola okwogerwako Abafalansa aba ''claquebois'', Abagirimaani aba ''Holzharmonika'' (mu bufunze "ekivuga eky'embaawo"), oba ''Silofono'' mu Yitale. Shostakovich yali ayagala nnyo ekivuga kino; kirina emirimu egy’amaanyi mu mirimu gye mingi, omuli n’ennyimba ze ezisinga obungi eza symphony ne Cello Concerto No. 2 ye. Xylophone era ekola kinene mu mazina ga Khachaturian aga Sabre Dance . Abazannyi ba xylophone ab’omulembe guno kuliko Bob Becker, Evelyn Glennie ne Ian Finkel. Mu Amerika, waliyo bbandi za marimba ez’e Zimbabwe ezisinga obungi mu Pacific Northwest, Colorado, ne New Mexico, okusinga bbandi ziriyo okuva ku lubalama lw’ebugwanjuba okuyita mu California n’okutuuka e Hawaii ne Alaska. Omukolo omukulu mu ekitundu gwe gwa ZimFest, ekivvulu ky’ennyimba eky'abantu abava mu Zimbabwe ekitegekebwa buli mwaka. Bbandi zino zirina ebivuga okuva ku soprano eya waggulu, okutuuka ku soprano eya wansi, tenor, baritone ne bass. Eby'ongera ku maloboozi bitera okukolebwa nga birina obutuli obubikkiddwa ne cellophane omutono (efaananako ne balafon ) okusobola okutuuka ku ddoboozi erisaala. Amazina n'ennyimba n'ebiragibwa ebirala ebya bbandi za Amerika bitera okuba n’okukwatagana okunene, olw’okuba nga biva wa muntu omu omuyimbi Omuzimbabwe ayitibwa Dumisani Maraire, eyali omuntu omukulu eyasooka okuleeta ennyimba ezo eza Zimbabwe mu mawanga g’Obugwanjuba, ng’ajja mu Yunivasite y’e Washington mu 1968. == Enkozesa yaago mu by’enjigiriza eby'awansi == [[File:Tres_xilófonos.JPG|thumb|Amadinda asatu aga Orff-Schulwerk ez’enjawulo.]] Abasomesa b'ebivuga n'ennyimba bangi ku nnyimba bakozesa ebyuma ebiyitibwa amadinda ng’ekintu eky’okukozesa mu kibiina okuyamba abaana okukula mu nnyimba. Enkola emu emanyiddwa olw’okukozesa ebyuma ebiyitibwa xylophones ye Orff-Schulwerk, egatta enkozesa y’ebivuga, entambula, okuyimba n’okwogera okutumbula obusobozi bw’abaana mu kuyimba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=American Orff-Schulwerk Association |url=http://www.aosa.org/ |access-date=2011-11-01 |publisher=Aosa.org}}</ref> Amadinda agakozesebwa mu bibiina by’ennyimba ez’enjawulo mu Amerika matono, nga octaves, okusinga oba okusingawo octave range y'amadinda ezikola. Amadinda ga bass gakyukakyuka erra enjawulo zino ziwandiikibwa okuva ku middle C okutuuka ku A octave waggulu naye nga ziwulikika octave emu wansi okusinga ku ziwandiikiddwa. Ennyiriri za alto ziwandiikibwa okuva ku C wakati okutuuka ku A octave waggulu era ziwulikika nga bwe ziwandiikiddwa. Ennyiriri za soprano ziwandiikibwa okuva ku C wakati okutuuka ku A octave emu waggulu naye nga ziwulikika octave emu waggulu okusinga eziwandiikiddwa.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Keetman |first=Gunild |year=1958 |title=Orff-Schulwerk Music for Children |last2=Orff |first2=Carl |publisher=Schott & Co. Ltd. |location=London |translator-last=Margaret Murray}}</ref> hba53knkt9ke4k0f5n05opacea23rwu 74206 74205 2026-09-09T15:39:39Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1326877069|Xylophone]]" 74206 wikitext text/x-wiki    [[File:Xylophone.jpg|right|thumb|Amadinda wamu n'obugakuba obw'enjawulo]] '''Amadinda''' ( mu lulimi Olu Greek olw’edda ξύλον <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist</ref> <ref>https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1</ref> lit. ' <span class="gloss-text">eddoboozi ly'obubaawo</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> ) kino [[:en:Musical_instrument|kivuga]] ekigwa mu ttuluba ly'ebivuga ebikolebwa mu emiti nga bikubibwa [[:en:Percussion_mallet|obuti]] okuvaamu amaloboozi. Buli kabaawo kaba [[:en:Idiophone|ddinda ly'anjawulo]] erikolebwa okusobola okuvaamu [[:en:Musical_scale|eddoboozi ery'enjawulo]] omuli erya [[:en:Pentatonic_scale|pentatonic]] oba [[:en:Heptatonic_scale|heptatonic]] mu mbeera y’ebivuga bingi eby’Afirica ne Asia, [[:en:Diatonic_scale|diatonic]] mu bivuga bingi eby’abaana ab’amawanga g’omubugwanjuba, oba [[:en:Chromatic_scale|chromatic]] okukozesebwa mu kibiina ky’abayimbi. Erinnya amadinda liyinza okukozesebwa okutwalira awamu, okuzingiramu ebivuga byonna ng’ebyo okugeza nga [[:en:Marimba|marimba]], [[:en:Balafon|balafon]] kwossa ne [[:en:Semantron|semantron]] . Naye mu [[:en:Orchestra|kibiina ky’abayimbi]], ekigambo madinda kitegeeza nnyo ekivuga ekivaamu eddoboozi ery'awaggulu erisingako katono ku buwanvu era nga gaba gakoleddwa [[:en:Timbre|embaawo]] enkalu okusinga [[:en:Marimba|marimba]], era ebivuga bino ebibiri tebisaanidde kutabulwa. Omuntu akuba amadinda amanyiddwa nga ''xylophonist'' oba mu njogera ennyamgu ayitibwa ''mukubi w'amadinda''. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist</ref> Erinnya lino era likozesebwa nnyo okutegeeza ebivuga ebifaanagana eby’ekika kya [[:en:Lithophone|lithophone]] ne [[:en:Metallophone|metallophone]] . Okugeza, [[:en:Pixiphone|Pixiphone]] n’eby’okuzannyisa bingi ebifaananako bwe bityo ababikola bye baayogerako nga amadinda agalina ebyuma mu kifo ky'embaawo, era bwe kityo mu [[:en:Organology|lulimi lw'ebivuga]] bitwalibwa nga [[:en:Glockenspiel|glockenspiels]] mu kifo ky'amadinda. == Enzimba yaago == [[File:Xylophone-pjt1.jpg|left|thumb|E [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]], ~1914]] Amadinda ag'omulembe mu mawanga g'omu bugwanjuba galina embaawo eziva mu miti gya rosewood, padauk, cocobolo, oba ebintu eby’enjawulo ebikoleddwa nga fiberglass oba fiberglass-reinforced plastic ekisobozesa eddoboozi ery’amaanyi. <ref name="made">{{Cite web |date=26 June 2000 |title=How xylophone is made |url=http://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html |access-date=2011-11-01 |publisher=Madehow.com}}</ref> Ebimu bisobola okuba ebitono nga octaves naye xylophones z’ebivvulu zitera okuba oba 4 octaves. Okufaananako ne glockenspiel, amadinda kivuga kivuga ekiyimusa amaloboozi: ebitundu byakyo biwandiikibwa octave emu wansi w’ennukuta eziwulikika. <ref>https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10437-014-9178-z</ref> Amadinga g'oku bivvulu galina obuuma obwongera ku maloboozi agavaamu wansi w’embaawo okutumbula obuwanvu bw'eddoboozi n’okulikuuma. Fuleemu zikolebwa mu mbaawo oba obuuma obutali bwa bbeeyi nnene: amadinga ag'ebbeeyi gaba m'ongeremu mu buwanvu era gaba g'ongeddwamu obunywevu ku ttaka. Mu nkola z'abayimbi endala bakozesa nsaasi <ref name="made" /> nga zeezikola mu kuyamba okwongera eddoboozi. Amadinga amalala gaba ga kika kya "trough" nga gaba ne'kituli kimu ekikola ku kwongeza amaloboozi eri obuuma bwonna. <ref>https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10437-014-9178-z</ref> Enkola enkadde zaalimu okusengeka embaawo wamu ku , era, n’okutuusa kati kikolebwa n’okutuusa kati, okuteeka embaawo nga ziriraanaganye mu nsengeka eringa ey'amadaala. Obuti obugakuba edda bw'akolebwanga Ensigo ez’edda zaakolebwanga mu mbaawo z’omuti gwa willow nga ku nkomerero zazo kuliko ebibya ebiringa ekijiiko. <ref name="made" /> == Mallets == Amadinda galina okukubwa n'obuti bwa labba, polyball oba acrylic. Oluusi obuti bwa labba ali wakatikkati n'omugumu ennyo oba obw’obuwuzi bwe bikozesebwa okukola amaloboozi amagonvu. amaloboozi amagonvu gasobola okukolebwa ku madinda nga bakozesa obuti obuliko emitwe egy’embaawo ezikoleddwa mu muti gwa rosewood, ebony, birch oba emiti emirala emigumu. == Ebyafaayo by'ago == [[File:Kulintang_a_Kayo_01.jpg|right|thumb|''Kulintang a Kayo'', eddoboozi ly’e Philippines erya xylophone]] Ekivuga kino kirina ensibuko y’edda etamanyiddwa. Nettl yagamba nti yasibuka mu bukiikaddyo bw’obuvanjuba bwa Asia n’ejja mu Afrika c. AD 500 ekibinja ky’abantu aboogera Oluaustronesia bwe baasenguka ne bagenda mu Afirica, ne bageraageranya ebibiina by’abakubi b'amadinda ab’omu Buvanjuba bwa Africa n’ebibiina by’abazannyi baago mu aba gamelan ab'e Javanese ne Balinese. <ref name="Nettl MPC">{{Cite book |last=Nettl |first=Bruno |year=1956 |title=Music in Primitive Culture |url=https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/page/176/ |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |isbn=9780674590007 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts}}</ref> : 1 . 18–19, 19 . 100 Endowooza eno yasoomoozebwa omukugu mu nnyimba z’amawanga era omukugu mu nnimi Roger Blench, nga agamba nti ensibuko eyetongodde ey'amadinda eri mu Africa, ng’awa, mu bujulizi obw’okuyiiya mu kitundu, ebifaananyi eby’enjawulo eby'amadinda ga Afirica n’ebika by'amadinda eby’enjawulo ennyo n’ebivuga ebiringa amadinda mu Afirica. <ref>https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10437-014-9178-z</ref> === Amadinda g'omu Asia === Obujulizi obusooka ku madinda amatuufu bwava mu kyasa eky’omwenda mu bukiikaddyo bw’obuvanjuba bwa Asia, ate ekivuga eky’embaawo ekiwaniriddwa ekifaananako bwe kityo, ekika kya harmonicon, kigambibwa nti Vienna Symphonic Library kyaliwo mu 2000 BC mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa China. Ranat eringa xylophone yakozesebwa mu bitundu by’Abahindu (kashta tharang). Mu Indonesia, ebitundu bitono ebirina ekika kyabyo ekya xylophones. Mu North Sumatra, Abantu b'e Toba Batak bakozesa ebyuma ebiyitibwa xylophones eby'embaawo ebimanyiddwa nga [[Garantung]] (ebiwandiikiddwa: "garattung"). Java ne Bali bakozesa ennukuta za xylophones (eziyitibwa gambang, [[Rindik]] ne [[Tingklik]] ) mu nsengeka za gamelan . Zikyalina amakulu ag’ennono mu Malaysia, Melanesia, Indonesia, Thailand, Myanmar, n’ebitundu by’Amerika. Mu Myanmar, xylophone emanyiddwa nga Pattala era mu bujjuvu ekolebwa mu miwemba. === Amadinda ga Africa === [[File:Ogbongelenge.jpg|thumb|African Xylophone era emanyiddwa nga Ogbongelenge ekika ky’Abaigbo. [[m:Audiovisuals_of_Igbo_Dances_(AID)_Project|Pulojekiti ya AID]]]] The term ''marimba'' is also applied to various traditional folk instruments such as the West Africa ''balafon''. Early forms were constructed of bars atop a gourd.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist</ref> The wood is first roasted around a fire before shaping the key to achieve the desired tone. The resonator is tuned to the key through careful choice of size of resonator, adjustment of the diameter of the mouth of the resonator using wasp wax and adjustment of the height of the key above the resonator. A skilled maker can produce startling amplification. The mallets used to play ''dibinda'' and ''mbila'' have heads made from natural rubber taken from a wild creeping plant.<ref name="answers1">{{Cite web |date=25 November 2010 |title=Music of Mozambique: Information from |url=http://www.answers.com/topic/music-of-mozambique |access-date=2011-11-01 |publisher=Answers.com}}</ref> "Interlocking" or alternating rhythm features in Eastern African xylophone music such as that of the Makonde ''dimbila'', the Yao ''mangolongondo'' or the Shirima ''mangwilo'' in which the ''opachera'', the initial caller, is responded to by another player, the ''wakulela''. This usually doubles an already rapid rhythmic pulse that may also co-exist with a counter-rhythm. ==== Mbila ==== [[File:Timbela_(musical_instrument).jpg|right|thumb|Tibila]] Mbila (mu bungi "timbila") kika ekikwatagana n'abantu b'e Chopi ab'omu ssaza ly'e Inhambane, mu bukiikaddyo bwa Mozambique. <ref name="answers1" /> Tekirina kutabulwa na mbira . Omusono gw’onvuga yaago n'ennyimba eziyimbirwako kigireetera okuba nga y'enkola esinga okuba enzibu oba eyeekikugu kyokka nga esanngibwa mu bantu abatali baayivu bulungi. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist</ref> Amadinda gano ag'e [[Mozambique]]<nowiki/>gakubibwa mu bibinja ebinene ku mazina amayiiye obulungi, oba oly'awo nga galaga emizannyo egikwata ku byafaayo. Ebibinja by'abazinnyi bibaamu amadinda agawera nga kkumi ag'obunene obwa sayizi ssatu oba nnya. Ekibiina ky’abayimbi ekijjuvu kiyinza okuba n'ebivuga bibiri ebya bass ebiyitibwa gulu nga biriko ebisumuluzo by’embaawo bisatu oba bina ebikubibwa nga bayimiridde nga bakozesa obuti obukuba obuzito obuliko emitwe gya labba emigumu, tenor dibinda ssatu, nga biriko ebisumuluzo kkumi era nga bikubibwa nga batudde, ne mbila yennyini, erimu ebisumuluzo ebituuka ku kkumi na mwenda nga ku bino okutuuka ku munaana biyinza okukubibwa omulundi gumu. Gulu ekozesa ensaasi, ate mbila ne dibinda Masala bakozesa bisusunku by’amakovu amatono nga ebyongeza ku maloboozi. Ziwerekera amazina n’ennyimba z'ennono empanvu ebiyitibwa ngomi oba mgodo era nga zirimu ebitundu by’ennyimba nga kkumi nga ziteereddwa mu bibinja 4 ez’enjawulo, nga biriko ‘oluyimba oba omuzannyo oba amazina agaggulawo’, mu kudduka kw'ebivuga bino n’emisono egy’enjawulo. Omukulembeze w’ekibiina aweereza ng’omutontomi, omuyimbi, ayimbisa banne n’omuzannyi, ng’akola ekiwandiiko, ayiiya oluyimba nga mu ngeri emu lwekuusa ku mpulikika y'olulimi lw'aba Chopi n’okuyiiya layini eyookubiri ey’okugatta emidigido. Abayimbi b’ekibiina kino bayiiya ekitundu ku bitundu byabwe. Olwo omuyimbi yeebuuza ku muyiiya w'amazina ow'omukolo ogwo era enkyukakyuka ne zikolebwa. <ref name="Nettl MPC" /> Ekisinga obuwanvu era ekisinga obukulu ku bino ye "Mzeno" eba egenda okubeeramu oluyimba olunyumya ku nsonga ey'omugaso mu kitundu oba n'okusaagira ku muntu omututumufu mu kitundu! <ref name="answers1" /> Abayimbi kuliko Eduardo Durão ne Venancio Mbande. <ref name="answers1" /> <ref>https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Romney |first=Jonathan |date=5 March 1991 |title=Timbila album review |journal=Q Magazine |volume=55 |pages=68}}</ref> ==== Gyil ==== Enkola y'ekivuga kino efaananako n’eya ''Balaba'' oba Balafon ekikozesebwa abantu aboogera Olumande nga ba -Bambara, Dyula n'aba Sosso mu bitundu eby'ewala mu Bugwanjuba mu bitundu by'Oukiikaddyo bwa [[Mali]] n’obugwanjuba bwa [[Burkina Faso]], ekitundu ekirimu ennono nnyingi ez’ennyimba n’ez’omu bukiikakkono bwa Ivory Coast ne Ghana. Kikolebwa n’ebisumuluzo by’embaawo 14 eby’omuti omugumu ogw’omu Afirica oguyitibwa liga nga biteekebwa ku lubaawo nga wansi wabaayo ensaasi nga zirengejja. <ref name="Colter2008">{{Cite journal |last=Harper |first=Colter |year=2008 |title=Life, Death, and Music in West Africa |url=http://contexts.org/articles/winter-2008/harper/ |journal=Contexts Magazine |volume=Winter |pages=44–51 |doi=10.1525/ctx.2008.7.1.44 |s2cid=59623412 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Ensaasi ziba n'obusaanikira obwa sirika nga bulinga ennyumba za nnabbubi obuyamba okuvaamu eddoboozo erisaala ne bakozesa eddiba ly'engabi okusiba okunyweza. <ref name="Colter2008" /> Ekivuga kino kikubiddwa n’obuti bw’embaawo obuliko emitwe gya labba. ==== Silimba ==== [[File:Silimba-Zambia.jpg|right|thumb|''Silimba'' mu katale k’e Zambia]] '''Silimba''' g'emadinda agakozesebwa ennyo mu bantu abayitibwa ab'aNkoya n'Abalozi ab'e Barotseland mu bugwanjuba bwa [[Zambia]] . <ref name="ATracey History">{{Cite web |last=Tracey |first=Andrew |date=26 May 2004 |title=Marimbas History |url=http://www.kalimba.co.za/old/marimbahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630191209/http://www.kalimba.co.za/old/marimbahistory.html |archive-date=30 June 2017 |access-date=30 September 2013 |website=kalimba.co.za |publisher=Andrew Tracey and Christian Carver}}</ref> Ebisumuluzo ebiteekeddwateekeddwa bisibibwa waggulu w'ensaasi ezivuga. Gano nga gamanyiddwa nga shinjimba mu ba Nkoya, nga gakubibwa ku Kazanga, omukolo gw’obwakabaka ogw’ennono ogw’Abankoya. Silimba kitundu kikulu nnyo mu nnono z’ennyimba z’obuwangwa ez’abantu b’e Lozi era osobola okugiwulira ku mukolo gw'abwe ogw’e Kuomboka ogutegekebwa buli mwaka. Silimba kati ekozesebwa mu bitundu bya Zambia ebisinga obungi. ==== Akadinda, amadinda ne mbaire ==== '''Akadinda,''' '''amadinda''' nga bwe gayitibwa mu luganda bivuga ebisibuka mu [[Buganda]], nga eyitibwa [[Yuganda|Uganda]] omulembe guno . Amadinda gakolebwa galina emiti kkumineebiri nga gino gipangibwa ku kintu kya njuyi ttaano. Okusinga gakubibwa abantu basatu. Abakubi babiri batuula nga buli omu atunudde mu munne ne bakugakuba mu ngeri ekwatagana ku misinde egy'awaggulu. Tegaba na nsaasi oba ddoboozi lyonna lisaala, nga zino z'embeera ebbiri ez'amadinda mangi aga Afirica. Amadinda kyali kivuga kikulu mu kkooti y’obwakabaka bwa Buganda, obwakabaka obusangibwa mu Uganda. Ekika ky’empulikika eky’enjawulo kati kikozesebwa ku madinda gano, nga kirimu ennamba n'ebiseera. nga bwe kiri ne ku madinda agayitibwa '''embaire''', nga kino kika ekisibuka mu bukiikaddyo bwa [[Yuganda|Uganda]].<ref name="britannica1" /> ==== Balo ==== '''''Balo''''' ( '''''balenjeh''''', '''''behlanjeh''''' ) kino kika ekikozesebwa mu bantu b’e Mandinka mu maserengeta ga Africa. Ebisumuluzo byakyo biteekebwa ku nsaasi, era kikubwa n'obuti nga bulina emitwe emikole mu labba. Abakubi bakyo batera okwambala mu ngalo obude obwekyuma ku mikono gyabwe busobole okuvaamu amaloboozi nga nwe bakuba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 November 2004 |title=The Behlanjeh, the national musical instrument of the Mandingos |url=https://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/1240 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070627205236/http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/1240 |archive-date=27 June 2007 |publisher=Royal Commonwealth Society Library. Cambridge University Library. University of Cambridge}}</ref> === Amadinda G'abazungu === [[File:Xylophone-Antonko-AXF09-Marimba-Antonko-AMC12.jpg|left|thumb|Xylophone y’abayimbi (ku kkono) ne marimba (ku ddyo) .]] Okusooka okwogerwako kw'amadinda mu Bulaaya kwali mu kitabo kya Arnolt Schlick ekya ''Spiegel der Orgelmacher und Organisten'' (1511), gye gyitibwa ''hültze glechter'' ("okuwuuma kw'embaawo"). <ref name="VSL">{{Cite web |title=History{{Snd}} The world of wooden mallet instruments |url=https://vsl.co.at/en/Xylophone/History |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430183151/https://www.vsl.co.at/en/Xylophone/History |archive-date=30 April 2018 |access-date=2011-11-01 |website=Vsl.co.at |publisher=Vienna Symphonic Library}}</ref> Waliwo ennyinnyonnyola endala ezikwata ku kivuga kino, wadde ng'ekigambo "amadinda" tekyakozesebwa okutuuka mu myaka gya 1860. Ekivuga kino kyali kikwatagana nnyo n'ennyimba z'ekinnansi ez'amasekkati ga Bulaaya, naddala mu Poland n'obuvanjuba bwa Bugirimaani. Ekika ekyasooka kyali mu [[Slovakia]] <ref name="Nettl MPC" /> : 98. Ekivuga ekyali kisimbuddwa mu kkyo kyajjira mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Xylophone |url=http://www.concertgoersguide.org/onstage/instruments/thexylophone.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070813000208/http://www.concertgoersguide.org/onstage/instruments/thexylophone.php |archive-date=13 August 2007 |access-date=5 June 2015 |website=Concertgoersguide.org |publisher=Oregon Symphony Players Association}}</ref> Okusooka okukozesa amadinda mu kibiina ky'abayimbi n'abakubi b'ebivuga Abazungu kwali mu Camille Saint-Saëns’ ''Danse Macabre'', mu 1874. <ref name="made" /> Mu kiseera ekyo, ekivuga kino kyali kyamanyizibwa dda Michael Josef Gusikov okutuuka ku ddaala erimu, nga ekivuga ekikye kyali ky'amadinda agaalina enkuubo ettaano agaakolebwa mu mbaawo 28 nga zisengekeddwa mu ngeri ya semitones mu ngeri ya trapezoid era nga zitudde ziwaniriddwa obuntu obulinda obuseke. Tewaaliwo byongera ku maloboozi era nga gakubibwa mangu n’obuti owali bufaanana ng’ejiiko. Okusinziira ku mukugu mu by’ennyimba Curt Sachs, Gusikov yayimbira mu bivvulu by’omu bifo awawummulirwa, mu ndaga ez’enjawulo, era ng’ekikolwa eky'enjawulo mu bivvulu eby'amaloboozi. Amadinda g'omu bazungu gaakozesebwanga bbandi za jjaazi ezaasooka ne mu [[:en:Vaudeville|vaudeville]] . Eddoboozi lyago eriwulikika obulungi lyakolanga bulungi mu nnyimba z’emyaka gya 1920 ne 1930. Red Norvo, George Cary, George Hamilton Green, Teddy Brown, Harry Breuer ne Harry Robbins be bamu ku bakubi baago abaali bamanyiddwa ennyo. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, amadinga gano wajjawo ekika ky'ekivuga ekiyitibwa metal-key vibraphone, eky'agayitako mu kwatiikirira nga kino kyakolebwa mu myaka gya 1920. Ekika ky'amadinda gyegagenda gakendeera gaafuuka marimba era ne gayitibwa xylorimba . Mu kugaba obubonero mu bivuga, amadinda oba xylophone esobola okwogerwako Abafalansa aba ''claquebois'', Abagirimaani aba ''Holzharmonika'' (mu bufunze "ekivuga eky'embaawo"), oba ''Silofono'' mu Yitale. Shostakovich yali ayagala nnyo ekivuga kino; kirina emirimu egy’amaanyi mu mirimu gye mingi, omuli n’ennyimba ze ezisinga obungi eza symphony ne Cello Concerto No. 2 ye. Xylophone era ekola kinene mu mazina ga Khachaturian aga Sabre Dance . Abazannyi ba xylophone ab’omulembe guno kuliko Bob Becker, Evelyn Glennie ne Ian Finkel. Mu Amerika, waliyo bbandi za marimba ez’e Zimbabwe ezisinga obungi mu Pacific Northwest, Colorado, ne New Mexico, okusinga bbandi ziriyo okuva ku lubalama lw’ebugwanjuba okuyita mu California n’okutuuka e Hawaii ne Alaska. Omukolo omukulu mu ekitundu gwe gwa ZimFest, ekivvulu ky’ennyimba eky'abantu abava mu Zimbabwe ekitegekebwa buli mwaka. Bbandi zino zirina ebivuga okuva ku soprano eya waggulu, okutuuka ku soprano eya wansi, tenor, baritone ne bass. Eby'ongera ku maloboozi bitera okukolebwa nga birina obutuli obubikkiddwa ne cellophane omutono (efaananako ne balafon ) okusobola okutuuka ku ddoboozi erisaala. Amazina n'ennyimba n'ebiragibwa ebirala ebya bbandi za Amerika bitera okuba n’okukwatagana okunene, olw’okuba nga biva wa muntu omu omuyimbi Omuzimbabwe ayitibwa Dumisani Maraire, eyali omuntu omukulu eyasooka okuleeta ennyimba ezo eza Zimbabwe mu mawanga g’Obugwanjuba, ng’ajja mu Yunivasite y’e Washington mu 1968. == Enkozesa yaago mu by’enjigiriza eby'awansi == [[File:Tres_xilófonos.JPG|thumb|Amadinda asatu aga Orff-Schulwerk ez’enjawulo.]] Abasomesa b'ebivuga n'ennyimba bangi ku nnyimba bakozesa ebyuma ebiyitibwa amadinda ng’ekintu eky’okukozesa mu kibiina okuyamba abaana okukula mu nnyimba. Enkola emu emanyiddwa olw’okukozesa ebyuma ebiyitibwa xylophones ye Orff-Schulwerk, egatta enkozesa y’ebivuga, entambula, okuyimba n’okwogera okutumbula obusobozi bw’abaana mu kuyimba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=American Orff-Schulwerk Association |url=http://www.aosa.org/ |access-date=2011-11-01 |publisher=Aosa.org}}</ref> Amadinda agakozesebwa mu bibiina by’ennyimba ez’enjawulo mu Amerika matono, nga octaves, okusinga oba okusingawo octave range y'amadinda ezikola. Amadinda ga bass gakyukakyuka erra enjawulo zino ziwandiikibwa okuva ku middle C okutuuka ku A octave waggulu naye nga ziwulikika octave emu wansi okusinga ku ziwandiikiddwa. Ennyiriri za alto ziwandiikibwa okuva ku C wakati okutuuka ku A octave waggulu era ziwulikika nga bwe ziwandiikiddwa. Ennyiriri za soprano ziwandiikibwa okuva ku C wakati okutuuka ku A octave emu waggulu naye nga ziwulikika octave emu waggulu okusinga eziwandiikiddwa.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Keetman |first=Gunild |year=1958 |title=Orff-Schulwerk Music for Children |last2=Orff |first2=Carl |publisher=Schott & Co. Ltd. |location=London |translator-last=Margaret Murray}}</ref> Okusinziira ku Andrew Tracey, aga marimbas gaayingizibwa mu Zimbabwe mu 1960.<ref name="ATracey History" /> Marimba ag'e Zimbabwe geesigamiziddwa ku nnyimba z’Abashona era nago gafuuse ga ttutumu mu mawanga g’obugwanjuba, agaatwala enkozesa y’ebivuga bino mu kusooka okukuba ebiwandiiko by’ennyimba gwa mbira dzavadzimu (nga kw’otadde ''n’ennyimba za nyunga nyunga'' ne ''matepe'' ). Ebiwandiiko bino ebisooka mu kusooka byali bikozesebwa mu kusomesa ennyimba mu Zimbabwe. Ebivuga by’e Zimbabwe bitera okuba mu minzaani ya diatonic C major, ekibisobozesa okukubirwa ne mbira ‘western-tuned’ (G nyamaropa), oluusi nga kwongerako ekisumuluzo kya F ♯ ekiteekeddwa mu layini. == Laba ne == * Amayinja g'ennyimba aga Skiddaw * [[Taroko Tatuk|Taroko Tatuk, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo]] 03un2d3wrjky6c0wj4lxvmtix69p6xa 74207 74206 2026-09-09T15:40:51Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1326877069|Xylophone]]" 74207 wikitext text/x-wiki    [[File:Xylophone.jpg|right|thumb|Amadinda wamu n'obugakuba obw'enjawulo]] '''Amadinda''' ( mu lulimi Olu Greek olw’edda ξύλον <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist</ref> <ref>https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1</ref> lit. ' <span class="gloss-text">eddoboozi ly'obubaawo</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> ) kino [[:en:Musical_instrument|kivuga]] ekigwa mu ttuluba ly'ebivuga ebikolebwa mu emiti nga bikubibwa [[:en:Percussion_mallet|obuti]] okuvaamu amaloboozi. Buli kabaawo kaba [[:en:Idiophone|ddinda ly'anjawulo]] erikolebwa okusobola okuvaamu [[:en:Musical_scale|eddoboozi ery'enjawulo]] omuli erya [[:en:Pentatonic_scale|pentatonic]] oba [[:en:Heptatonic_scale|heptatonic]] mu mbeera y’ebivuga bingi eby’Afirica ne Asia, [[:en:Diatonic_scale|diatonic]] mu bivuga bingi eby’abaana ab’amawanga g’omubugwanjuba, oba [[:en:Chromatic_scale|chromatic]] okukozesebwa mu kibiina ky’abayimbi. Erinnya amadinda liyinza okukozesebwa okutwalira awamu, okuzingiramu ebivuga byonna ng’ebyo okugeza nga [[:en:Marimba|marimba]], [[:en:Balafon|balafon]] kwossa ne [[:en:Semantron|semantron]] . Naye mu [[:en:Orchestra|kibiina ky’abayimbi]], ekigambo madinda kitegeeza nnyo ekivuga ekivaamu eddoboozi ery'awaggulu erisingako katono ku buwanvu era nga gaba gakoleddwa [[:en:Timbre|embaawo]] enkalu okusinga [[:en:Marimba|marimba]], era ebivuga bino ebibiri tebisaanidde kutabulwa. Omuntu akuba amadinda amanyiddwa nga ''xylophonist'' oba mu njogera ennyamgu ayitibwa ''mukubi w'amadinda''. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist</ref> Erinnya lino era likozesebwa nnyo okutegeeza ebivuga ebifaanagana eby’ekika kya [[:en:Lithophone|lithophone]] ne [[:en:Metallophone|metallophone]] . Okugeza, [[:en:Pixiphone|Pixiphone]] n’eby’okuzannyisa bingi ebifaananako bwe bityo ababikola bye baayogerako nga amadinda agalina ebyuma mu kifo ky'embaawo, era bwe kityo mu [[:en:Organology|lulimi lw'ebivuga]] bitwalibwa nga [[:en:Glockenspiel|glockenspiels]] mu kifo ky'amadinda. == Enzimba yaago == [[File:Xylophone-pjt1.jpg|left|thumb|E [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]], ~1914]] Amadinda ag'omulembe mu mawanga g'omu bugwanjuba galina embaawo eziva mu miti gya rosewood, padauk, cocobolo, oba ebintu eby’enjawulo ebikoleddwa nga fiberglass oba fiberglass-reinforced plastic ekisobozesa eddoboozi ery’amaanyi. <ref name="made">{{Cite web |date=26 June 2000 |title=How xylophone is made |url=http://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html |access-date=2011-11-01 |publisher=Madehow.com}}</ref> Ebimu bisobola okuba ebitono nga octaves naye xylophones z’ebivvulu zitera okuba oba 4 octaves. Okufaananako ne glockenspiel, amadinda kivuga kivuga ekiyimusa amaloboozi: ebitundu byakyo biwandiikibwa octave emu wansi w’ennukuta eziwulikika. <ref>https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10437-014-9178-z</ref> Amadinga g'oku bivvulu galina obuuma obwongera ku maloboozi agavaamu wansi w’embaawo okutumbula obuwanvu bw'eddoboozi n’okulikuuma. Fuleemu zikolebwa mu mbaawo oba obuuma obutali bwa bbeeyi nnene: amadinga ag'ebbeeyi gaba m'ongeremu mu buwanvu era gaba g'ongeddwamu obunywevu ku ttaka. Mu nkola z'abayimbi endala bakozesa nsaasi <ref name="made" /> nga zeezikola mu kuyamba okwongera eddoboozi. Amadinga amalala gaba ga kika kya "trough" nga gaba ne'kituli kimu ekikola ku kwongeza amaloboozi eri obuuma bwonna. <ref>https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10437-014-9178-z</ref> Enkola enkadde zaalimu okusengeka embaawo wamu ku , era, n’okutuusa kati kikolebwa n’okutuusa kati, okuteeka embaawo nga ziriraanaganye mu nsengeka eringa ey'amadaala. Obuti obugakuba edda bw'akolebwanga Ensigo ez’edda zaakolebwanga mu mbaawo z’omuti gwa willow nga ku nkomerero zazo kuliko ebibya ebiringa ekijiiko. <ref name="made" /> == Mallets == Amadinda galina okukubwa n'obuti bwa labba, polyball oba acrylic. Oluusi obuti bwa labba ali wakatikkati n'omugumu ennyo oba obw’obuwuzi bwe bikozesebwa okukola amaloboozi amagonvu. amaloboozi amagonvu gasobola okukolebwa ku madinda nga bakozesa obuti obuliko emitwe egy’embaawo ezikoleddwa mu muti gwa rosewood, ebony, birch oba emiti emirala emigumu. == Ebyafaayo by'ago == [[File:Kulintang_a_Kayo_01.jpg|right|thumb|''Kulintang a Kayo'', eddoboozi ly’e Philippines erya xylophone]] Ekivuga kino kirina ensibuko y’edda etamanyiddwa. Nettl yagamba nti yasibuka mu bukiikaddyo bw’obuvanjuba bwa Asia n’ejja mu Afrika c. AD 500 ekibinja ky’abantu aboogera Oluaustronesia bwe baasenguka ne bagenda mu Afirica, ne bageraageranya ebibiina by’abakubi b'amadinda ab’omu Buvanjuba bwa Africa n’ebibiina by’abazannyi baago mu aba gamelan ab'e Javanese ne Balinese. <ref name="Nettl MPC">{{Cite book |last=Nettl |first=Bruno |year=1956 |title=Music in Primitive Culture |url=https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/page/176/ |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |isbn=9780674590007 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts}}</ref> : 1 . 18–19, 19 . 100 Endowooza eno yasoomoozebwa omukugu mu nnyimba z’amawanga era omukugu mu nnimi Roger Blench, nga agamba nti ensibuko eyetongodde ey'amadinda eri mu Africa, ng’awa, mu bujulizi obw’okuyiiya mu kitundu, ebifaananyi eby’enjawulo eby'amadinda ga Afirica n’ebika by'amadinda eby’enjawulo ennyo n’ebivuga ebiringa amadinda mu Afirica. <ref>https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10437-014-9178-z</ref> === Amadinda g'omu Asia === Obujulizi obusooka ku madinda amatuufu bwava mu kyasa eky’omwenda mu bukiikaddyo bw’obuvanjuba bwa Asia, ate ekivuga eky’embaawo ekiwaniriddwa ekifaananako bwe kityo, ekika kya harmonicon, kigambibwa nti Vienna Symphonic Library kyaliwo mu 2000 BC mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa China. Ranat eringa xylophone yakozesebwa mu bitundu by’Abahindu (kashta tharang). Mu Indonesia, ebitundu bitono ebirina ekika kyabyo ekya xylophones. Mu North Sumatra, Abantu b'e Toba Batak bakozesa ebyuma ebiyitibwa xylophones eby'embaawo ebimanyiddwa nga [[Garantung]] (ebiwandiikiddwa: "garattung"). Java ne Bali bakozesa ennukuta za xylophones (eziyitibwa gambang, [[Rindik]] ne [[Tingklik]] ) mu nsengeka za gamelan . Zikyalina amakulu ag’ennono mu Malaysia, Melanesia, Indonesia, Thailand, Myanmar, n’ebitundu by’Amerika. Mu Myanmar, xylophone emanyiddwa nga Pattala era mu bujjuvu ekolebwa mu miwemba. === Amadinda ga Africa === [[File:Ogbongelenge.jpg|thumb|African Xylophone era emanyiddwa nga Ogbongelenge ekika ky’Abaigbo. [[m:Audiovisuals_of_Igbo_Dances_(AID)_Project|Pulojekiti ya AID]]]] The term ''marimba'' is also applied to various traditional folk instruments such as the West Africa ''balafon''. Early forms were constructed of bars atop a gourd.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist</ref> The wood is first roasted around a fire before shaping the key to achieve the desired tone. The resonator is tuned to the key through careful choice of size of resonator, adjustment of the diameter of the mouth of the resonator using wasp wax and adjustment of the height of the key above the resonator. A skilled maker can produce startling amplification. The mallets used to play ''dibinda'' and ''mbila'' have heads made from natural rubber taken from a wild creeping plant.<ref name="answers1">{{Cite web |date=25 November 2010 |title=Music of Mozambique: Information from |url=http://www.answers.com/topic/music-of-mozambique |access-date=2011-11-01 |publisher=Answers.com}}</ref> "Interlocking" or alternating rhythm features in Eastern African xylophone music such as that of the Makonde ''dimbila'', the Yao ''mangolongondo'' or the Shirima ''mangwilo'' in which the ''opachera'', the initial caller, is responded to by another player, the ''wakulela''. This usually doubles an already rapid rhythmic pulse that may also co-exist with a counter-rhythm. ==== Mbila ==== [[File:Timbela_(musical_instrument).jpg|right|thumb|Tibila]] Mbila (mu bungi "timbila") kika ekikwatagana n'abantu b'e Chopi ab'omu ssaza ly'e Inhambane, mu bukiikaddyo bwa Mozambique. <ref name="answers1" /> Tekirina kutabulwa na mbira . Omusono gw’onvuga yaago n'ennyimba eziyimbirwako kigireetera okuba nga y'enkola esinga okuba enzibu oba eyeekikugu kyokka nga esanngibwa mu bantu abatali baayivu bulungi. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist</ref> Amadinda gano ag'e [[Mozambique]]<nowiki/>gakubibwa mu bibinja ebinene ku mazina amayiiye obulungi, oba oly'awo nga galaga emizannyo egikwata ku byafaayo. Ebibinja by'abazinnyi bibaamu amadinda agawera nga kkumi ag'obunene obwa sayizi ssatu oba nnya. Ekibiina ky’abayimbi ekijjuvu kiyinza okuba n'ebivuga bibiri ebya bass ebiyitibwa gulu nga biriko ebisumuluzo by’embaawo bisatu oba bina ebikubibwa nga bayimiridde nga bakozesa obuti obukuba obuzito obuliko emitwe gya labba emigumu, tenor dibinda ssatu, nga biriko ebisumuluzo kkumi era nga bikubibwa nga batudde, ne mbila yennyini, erimu ebisumuluzo ebituuka ku kkumi na mwenda nga ku bino okutuuka ku munaana biyinza okukubibwa omulundi gumu. Gulu ekozesa ensaasi, ate mbila ne dibinda Masala bakozesa bisusunku by’amakovu amatono nga ebyongeza ku maloboozi. Ziwerekera amazina n’ennyimba z'ennono empanvu ebiyitibwa ngomi oba mgodo era nga zirimu ebitundu by’ennyimba nga kkumi nga ziteereddwa mu bibinja 4 ez’enjawulo, nga biriko ‘oluyimba oba omuzannyo oba amazina agaggulawo’, mu kudduka kw'ebivuga bino n’emisono egy’enjawulo. Omukulembeze w’ekibiina aweereza ng’omutontomi, omuyimbi, ayimbisa banne n’omuzannyi, ng’akola ekiwandiiko, ayiiya oluyimba nga mu ngeri emu lwekuusa ku mpulikika y'olulimi lw'aba Chopi n’okuyiiya layini eyookubiri ey’okugatta emidigido. Abayimbi b’ekibiina kino bayiiya ekitundu ku bitundu byabwe. Olwo omuyimbi yeebuuza ku muyiiya w'amazina ow'omukolo ogwo era enkyukakyuka ne zikolebwa. <ref name="Nettl MPC" /> Ekisinga obuwanvu era ekisinga obukulu ku bino ye "Mzeno" eba egenda okubeeramu oluyimba olunyumya ku nsonga ey'omugaso mu kitundu oba n'okusaagira ku muntu omututumufu mu kitundu! <ref name="answers1" /> Abayimbi kuliko Eduardo Durão ne Venancio Mbande. <ref name="answers1" /> <ref>https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Romney |first=Jonathan |date=5 March 1991 |title=Timbila album review |journal=Q Magazine |volume=55 |pages=68}}</ref> ==== Gyil ==== Enkola y'ekivuga kino efaananako n’eya ''Balaba'' oba Balafon ekikozesebwa abantu aboogera Olumande nga ba -Bambara, Dyula n'aba Sosso mu bitundu eby'ewala mu Bugwanjuba mu bitundu by'Oukiikaddyo bwa [[Mali]] n’obugwanjuba bwa [[Burkina Faso]], ekitundu ekirimu ennono nnyingi ez’ennyimba n’ez’omu bukiikakkono bwa Ivory Coast ne Ghana. Kikolebwa n’ebisumuluzo by’embaawo 14 eby’omuti omugumu ogw’omu Afirica oguyitibwa liga nga biteekebwa ku lubaawo nga wansi wabaayo ensaasi nga zirengejja. <ref name="Colter2008">{{Cite journal |last=Harper |first=Colter |year=2008 |title=Life, Death, and Music in West Africa |url=http://contexts.org/articles/winter-2008/harper/ |journal=Contexts Magazine |volume=Winter |pages=44–51 |doi=10.1525/ctx.2008.7.1.44 |s2cid=59623412 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Ensaasi ziba n'obusaanikira obwa sirika nga bulinga ennyumba za nnabbubi obuyamba okuvaamu eddoboozo erisaala ne bakozesa eddiba ly'engabi okusiba okunyweza. <ref name="Colter2008" /> Ekivuga kino kikubiddwa n’obuti bw’embaawo obuliko emitwe gya labba. ==== Silimba ==== [[File:Silimba-Zambia.jpg|right|thumb|''Silimba'' mu katale k’e Zambia]] '''Silimba''' g'emadinda agakozesebwa ennyo mu bantu abayitibwa ab'aNkoya n'Abalozi ab'e Barotseland mu bugwanjuba bwa [[Zambia]] . <ref name="ATracey History">{{Cite web |last=Tracey |first=Andrew |date=26 May 2004 |title=Marimbas History |url=http://www.kalimba.co.za/old/marimbahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630191209/http://www.kalimba.co.za/old/marimbahistory.html |archive-date=30 June 2017 |access-date=30 September 2013 |website=kalimba.co.za |publisher=Andrew Tracey and Christian Carver}}</ref> Ebisumuluzo ebiteekeddwateekeddwa bisibibwa waggulu w'ensaasi ezivuga. Gano nga gamanyiddwa nga shinjimba mu ba Nkoya, nga gakubibwa ku Kazanga, omukolo gw’obwakabaka ogw’ennono ogw’Abankoya. Silimba kitundu kikulu nnyo mu nnono z’ennyimba z’obuwangwa ez’abantu b’e Lozi era osobola okugiwulira ku mukolo gw'abwe ogw’e Kuomboka ogutegekebwa buli mwaka. Silimba kati ekozesebwa mu bitundu bya Zambia ebisinga obungi. ==== Akadinda, amadinda ne mbaire ==== '''Akadinda,''' '''amadinda''' nga bwe gayitibwa mu luganda bivuga ebisibuka mu [[Buganda]], nga eyitibwa [[Yuganda|Uganda]] omulembe guno . Amadinda gakolebwa galina emiti kkumineebiri nga gino gipangibwa ku kintu kya njuyi ttaano. Okusinga gakubibwa abantu basatu. Abakubi babiri batuula nga buli omu atunudde mu munne ne bakugakuba mu ngeri ekwatagana ku misinde egy'awaggulu. Tegaba na nsaasi oba ddoboozi lyonna lisaala, nga zino z'embeera ebbiri ez'amadinda mangi aga Afirica. Amadinda kyali kivuga kikulu mu kkooti y’obwakabaka bwa Buganda, obwakabaka obusangibwa mu Uganda. Ekika ky’empulikika eky’enjawulo kati kikozesebwa ku madinda gano, nga kirimu ennamba n'ebiseera. nga bwe kiri ne ku madinda agayitibwa '''embaire''', nga kino kika ekisibuka mu bukiikaddyo bwa [[Yuganda|Uganda]].<ref name="britannica1" /> ==== Balo ==== '''''Balo''''' ( '''''balenjeh''''', '''''behlanjeh''''' ) kino kika ekikozesebwa mu bantu b’e Mandinka mu maserengeta ga Africa. Ebisumuluzo byakyo biteekebwa ku nsaasi, era kikubwa n'obuti nga bulina emitwe emikole mu labba. Abakubi bakyo batera okwambala mu ngalo obude obwekyuma ku mikono gyabwe busobole okuvaamu amaloboozi nga nwe bakuba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 November 2004 |title=The Behlanjeh, the national musical instrument of the Mandingos |url=https://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/1240 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070627205236/http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/1240 |archive-date=27 June 2007 |publisher=Royal Commonwealth Society Library. Cambridge University Library. University of Cambridge}}</ref> === Amadinda G'abazungu === [[File:Xylophone-Antonko-AXF09-Marimba-Antonko-AMC12.jpg|left|thumb|Xylophone y’abayimbi (ku kkono) ne marimba (ku ddyo) .]] Okusooka okwogerwako kw'amadinda mu Bulaaya kwali mu kitabo kya Arnolt Schlick ekya ''Spiegel der Orgelmacher und Organisten'' (1511), gye gyitibwa ''hültze glechter'' ("okuwuuma kw'embaawo"). <ref name="VSL">{{Cite web |title=History{{Snd}} The world of wooden mallet instruments |url=https://vsl.co.at/en/Xylophone/History |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430183151/https://www.vsl.co.at/en/Xylophone/History |archive-date=30 April 2018 |access-date=2011-11-01 |website=Vsl.co.at |publisher=Vienna Symphonic Library}}</ref> Waliwo ennyinnyonnyola endala ezikwata ku kivuga kino, wadde ng'ekigambo "amadinda" tekyakozesebwa okutuuka mu myaka gya 1860. Ekivuga kino kyali kikwatagana nnyo n'ennyimba z'ekinnansi ez'amasekkati ga Bulaaya, naddala mu Poland n'obuvanjuba bwa Bugirimaani. Ekika ekyasooka kyali mu [[Slovakia]] <ref name="Nettl MPC" /> : 98. Ekivuga ekyali kisimbuddwa mu kkyo kyajjira mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Xylophone |url=http://www.concertgoersguide.org/onstage/instruments/thexylophone.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070813000208/http://www.concertgoersguide.org/onstage/instruments/thexylophone.php |archive-date=13 August 2007 |access-date=5 June 2015 |website=Concertgoersguide.org |publisher=Oregon Symphony Players Association}}</ref> Okusooka okukozesa amadinda mu kibiina ky'abayimbi n'abakubi b'ebivuga Abazungu kwali mu Camille Saint-Saëns’ ''Danse Macabre'', mu 1874. <ref name="made" /> Mu kiseera ekyo, ekivuga kino kyali kyamanyizibwa dda Michael Josef Gusikov okutuuka ku ddaala erimu, nga ekivuga ekikye kyali ky'amadinda agaalina enkuubo ettaano agaakolebwa mu mbaawo 28 nga zisengekeddwa mu ngeri ya semitones mu ngeri ya trapezoid era nga zitudde ziwaniriddwa obuntu obulinda obuseke. Tewaaliwo byongera ku maloboozi era nga gakubibwa mangu n’obuti owali bufaanana ng’ejiiko. Okusinziira ku mukugu mu by’ennyimba Curt Sachs, Gusikov yayimbira mu bivvulu by’omu bifo awawummulirwa, mu ndaga ez’enjawulo, era ng’ekikolwa eky'enjawulo mu bivvulu eby'amaloboozi. Amadinda g'omu bazungu gaakozesebwanga bbandi za jjaazi ezaasooka ne mu [[:en:Vaudeville|vaudeville]] . Eddoboozi lyago eriwulikika obulungi lyakolanga bulungi mu nnyimba z’emyaka gya 1920 ne 1930. Red Norvo, George Cary, George Hamilton Green, Teddy Brown, Harry Breuer ne Harry Robbins be bamu ku bakubi baago abaali bamanyiddwa ennyo. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, amadinga gano wajjawo ekika ky'ekivuga ekiyitibwa metal-key vibraphone, eky'agayitako mu kwatiikirira nga kino kyakolebwa mu myaka gya 1920. Ekika ky'amadinda gyegagenda gakendeera gaafuuka marimba era ne gayitibwa xylorimba . Mu kugaba obubonero mu bivuga, amadinda oba xylophone esobola okwogerwako Abafalansa aba ''claquebois'', Abagirimaani aba ''Holzharmonika'' (mu bufunze "ekivuga eky'embaawo"), oba ''Silofono'' mu Yitale. Shostakovich yali ayagala nnyo ekivuga kino; kirina emirimu egy’amaanyi mu mirimu gye mingi, omuli n’ennyimba ze ezisinga obungi eza symphony ne Cello Concerto No. 2 ye. Xylophone era ekola kinene mu mazina ga Khachaturian aga Sabre Dance . Abazannyi ba xylophone ab’omulembe guno kuliko Bob Becker, Evelyn Glennie ne Ian Finkel. Mu Amerika, waliyo bbandi za marimba ez’e Zimbabwe ezisinga obungi mu Pacific Northwest, Colorado, ne New Mexico, okusinga bbandi ziriyo okuva ku lubalama lw’ebugwanjuba okuyita mu California n’okutuuka e Hawaii ne Alaska. Omukolo omukulu mu ekitundu gwe gwa ZimFest, ekivvulu ky’ennyimba eky'abantu abava mu Zimbabwe ekitegekebwa buli mwaka. Bbandi zino zirina ebivuga okuva ku soprano eya waggulu, okutuuka ku soprano eya wansi, tenor, baritone ne bass. Eby'ongera ku maloboozi bitera okukolebwa nga birina obutuli obubikkiddwa ne cellophane omutono (efaananako ne balafon ) okusobola okutuuka ku ddoboozi erisaala. Amazina n'ennyimba n'ebiragibwa ebirala ebya bbandi za Amerika bitera okuba n’okukwatagana okunene, olw’okuba nga biva wa muntu omu omuyimbi Omuzimbabwe ayitibwa Dumisani Maraire, eyali omuntu omukulu eyasooka okuleeta ennyimba ezo eza Zimbabwe mu mawanga g’Obugwanjuba, ng’ajja mu Yunivasite y’e Washington mu 1968. == Enkozesa yaago mu by’enjigiriza eby'awansi == [[File:Tres_xilófonos.JPG|thumb|Amadinda asatu aga Orff-Schulwerk ez’enjawulo.]] Abasomesa b'ebivuga n'ennyimba bangi ku nnyimba bakozesa ebyuma ebiyitibwa amadinda ng’ekintu eky’okukozesa mu kibiina okuyamba abaana okukula mu nnyimba. Enkola emu emanyiddwa olw’okukozesa ebyuma ebiyitibwa xylophones ye Orff-Schulwerk, egatta enkozesa y’ebivuga, entambula, okuyimba n’okwogera okutumbula obusobozi bw’abaana mu kuyimba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=American Orff-Schulwerk Association |url=http://www.aosa.org/ |access-date=2011-11-01 |publisher=Aosa.org}}</ref> Amadinda agakozesebwa mu bibiina by’ennyimba ez’enjawulo mu Amerika matono, nga octaves, okusinga oba okusingawo octave range y'amadinda ezikola. Amadinda ga bass gakyukakyuka erra enjawulo zino ziwandiikibwa okuva ku middle C okutuuka ku A octave waggulu naye nga ziwulikika octave emu wansi okusinga ku ziwandiikiddwa. Ennyiriri za alto ziwandiikibwa okuva ku C wakati okutuuka ku A octave waggulu era ziwulikika nga bwe ziwandiikiddwa. Ennyiriri za soprano ziwandiikibwa okuva ku C wakati okutuuka ku A octave emu waggulu naye nga ziwulikika octave emu waggulu okusinga eziwandiikiddwa.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Keetman |first=Gunild |year=1958 |title=Orff-Schulwerk Music for Children |last2=Orff |first2=Carl |publisher=Schott & Co. Ltd. |location=London |translator-last=Margaret Murray}}</ref> Okusinziira ku Andrew Tracey, aga marimbas gaayingizibwa mu Zimbabwe mu 1960.<ref name="ATracey History" /> Marimba ag'e Zimbabwe geesigamiziddwa ku nnyimba z’Abashona era nago gafuuse ga ttutumu mu mawanga g’obugwanjuba, agaatwala enkozesa y’ebivuga bino mu kusooka okukuba ebiwandiiko by’ennyimba gwa mbira dzavadzimu (nga kw’otadde ''n’ennyimba za nyunga nyunga'' ne ''matepe'' ). Ebiwandiiko bino ebisooka mu kusooka byali bikozesebwa mu kusomesa ennyimba mu Zimbabwe. Ebivuga by’e Zimbabwe bitera okuba mu minzaani ya diatonic C major, ekibisobozesa okukubirwa ne mbira ‘western-tuned’ (G nyamaropa), oluusi nga kwongerako ekisumuluzo kya F ♯ ekiteekeddwa mu layini. == Laba ne == * Amayinja g'ennyimba aga Skiddaw * [[Taroko Tatuk|Taroko Tatuk, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo]] == Ebijuliziddwa == == Ebijuliziddwa mu bulambalamba == == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == *   7vsdoy15xdntnz5joax6efceiyx2am6 74208 74207 2026-09-09T15:41:33Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1326877069|Xylophone]]" 74208 wikitext text/x-wiki    [[File:Xylophone.jpg|right|thumb|Amadinda wamu n'obugakuba obw'enjawulo]] '''Amadinda''' ( mu lulimi Olu Greek olw’edda ξύλον <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist</ref> <ref>https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1</ref> lit. ' <span class="gloss-text">eddoboozi ly'obubaawo</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> ) kino [[:en:Musical_instrument|kivuga]] ekigwa mu ttuluba ly'ebivuga ebikolebwa mu emiti nga bikubibwa [[:en:Percussion_mallet|obuti]] okuvaamu amaloboozi. Buli kabaawo kaba [[:en:Idiophone|ddinda ly'anjawulo]] erikolebwa okusobola okuvaamu [[:en:Musical_scale|eddoboozi ery'enjawulo]] omuli erya [[:en:Pentatonic_scale|pentatonic]] oba [[:en:Heptatonic_scale|heptatonic]] mu mbeera y’ebivuga bingi eby’Afirica ne Asia, [[:en:Diatonic_scale|diatonic]] mu bivuga bingi eby’abaana ab’amawanga g’omubugwanjuba, oba [[:en:Chromatic_scale|chromatic]] okukozesebwa mu kibiina ky’abayimbi. Erinnya amadinda liyinza okukozesebwa okutwalira awamu, okuzingiramu ebivuga byonna ng’ebyo okugeza nga [[:en:Marimba|marimba]], [[:en:Balafon|balafon]] kwossa ne [[:en:Semantron|semantron]] . Naye mu [[:en:Orchestra|kibiina ky’abayimbi]], ekigambo madinda kitegeeza nnyo ekivuga ekivaamu eddoboozi ery'awaggulu erisingako katono ku buwanvu era nga gaba gakoleddwa [[:en:Timbre|embaawo]] enkalu okusinga [[:en:Marimba|marimba]], era ebivuga bino ebibiri tebisaanidde kutabulwa. Omuntu akuba amadinda amanyiddwa nga ''xylophonist'' oba mu njogera ennyamgu ayitibwa ''mukubi w'amadinda''. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist</ref> Erinnya lino era likozesebwa nnyo okutegeeza ebivuga ebifaanagana eby’ekika kya [[:en:Lithophone|lithophone]] ne [[:en:Metallophone|metallophone]] . Okugeza, [[:en:Pixiphone|Pixiphone]] n’eby’okuzannyisa bingi ebifaananako bwe bityo ababikola bye baayogerako nga amadinda agalina ebyuma mu kifo ky'embaawo, era bwe kityo mu [[:en:Organology|lulimi lw'ebivuga]] bitwalibwa nga [[:en:Glockenspiel|glockenspiels]] mu kifo ky'amadinda. == Enzimba yaago == [[File:Xylophone-pjt1.jpg|left|thumb|E [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]], ~1914]] Amadinda ag'omulembe mu mawanga g'omu bugwanjuba galina embaawo eziva mu miti gya rosewood, padauk, cocobolo, oba ebintu eby’enjawulo ebikoleddwa nga fiberglass oba fiberglass-reinforced plastic ekisobozesa eddoboozi ery’amaanyi. <ref name="made">{{Cite web |date=26 June 2000 |title=How xylophone is made |url=http://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html |access-date=2011-11-01 |publisher=Madehow.com}}</ref> Ebimu bisobola okuba ebitono nga octaves naye xylophones z’ebivvulu zitera okuba oba 4 octaves. Okufaananako ne glockenspiel, amadinda kivuga kivuga ekiyimusa amaloboozi: ebitundu byakyo biwandiikibwa octave emu wansi w’ennukuta eziwulikika. <ref>https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10437-014-9178-z</ref> Amadinga g'oku bivvulu galina obuuma obwongera ku maloboozi agavaamu wansi w’embaawo okutumbula obuwanvu bw'eddoboozi n’okulikuuma. Fuleemu zikolebwa mu mbaawo oba obuuma obutali bwa bbeeyi nnene: amadinga ag'ebbeeyi gaba m'ongeremu mu buwanvu era gaba g'ongeddwamu obunywevu ku ttaka. Mu nkola z'abayimbi endala bakozesa nsaasi <ref name="made" /> nga zeezikola mu kuyamba okwongera eddoboozi. Amadinga amalala gaba ga kika kya "trough" nga gaba ne'kituli kimu ekikola ku kwongeza amaloboozi eri obuuma bwonna. <ref>https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10437-014-9178-z</ref> Enkola enkadde zaalimu okusengeka embaawo wamu ku , era, n’okutuusa kati kikolebwa n’okutuusa kati, okuteeka embaawo nga ziriraanaganye mu nsengeka eringa ey'amadaala. Obuti obugakuba edda bw'akolebwanga Ensigo ez’edda zaakolebwanga mu mbaawo z’omuti gwa willow nga ku nkomerero zazo kuliko ebibya ebiringa ekijiiko. <ref name="made" /> == Mallets == Amadinda galina okukubwa n'obuti bwa labba, polyball oba acrylic. Oluusi obuti bwa labba ali wakatikkati n'omugumu ennyo oba obw’obuwuzi bwe bikozesebwa okukola amaloboozi amagonvu. amaloboozi amagonvu gasobola okukolebwa ku madinda nga bakozesa obuti obuliko emitwe egy’embaawo ezikoleddwa mu muti gwa rosewood, ebony, birch oba emiti emirala emigumu. == Ebyafaayo by'ago == [[File:Kulintang_a_Kayo_01.jpg|right|thumb|''Kulintang a Kayo'', eddoboozi ly’e Philippines erya xylophone]] Ekivuga kino kirina ensibuko y’edda etamanyiddwa. Nettl yagamba nti yasibuka mu bukiikaddyo bw’obuvanjuba bwa Asia n’ejja mu Afrika c. AD 500 ekibinja ky’abantu aboogera Oluaustronesia bwe baasenguka ne bagenda mu Afirica, ne bageraageranya ebibiina by’abakubi b'amadinda ab’omu Buvanjuba bwa Africa n’ebibiina by’abazannyi baago mu aba gamelan ab'e Javanese ne Balinese. <ref name="Nettl MPC">{{Cite book |last=Nettl |first=Bruno |year=1956 |title=Music in Primitive Culture |url=https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/page/176/ |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |isbn=9780674590007 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts}}</ref> : 1 . 18–19, 19 . 100 Endowooza eno yasoomoozebwa omukugu mu nnyimba z’amawanga era omukugu mu nnimi Roger Blench, nga agamba nti ensibuko eyetongodde ey'amadinda eri mu Africa, ng’awa, mu bujulizi obw’okuyiiya mu kitundu, ebifaananyi eby’enjawulo eby'amadinda ga Afirica n’ebika by'amadinda eby’enjawulo ennyo n’ebivuga ebiringa amadinda mu Afirica. <ref>https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10437-014-9178-z</ref> === Amadinda g'omu Asia === Obujulizi obusooka ku madinda amatuufu bwava mu kyasa eky’omwenda mu bukiikaddyo bw’obuvanjuba bwa Asia, ate ekivuga eky’embaawo ekiwaniriddwa ekifaananako bwe kityo, ekika kya harmonicon, kigambibwa nti Vienna Symphonic Library kyaliwo mu 2000 BC mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa China. Ranat eringa xylophone yakozesebwa mu bitundu by’Abahindu (kashta tharang). Mu Indonesia, ebitundu bitono ebirina ekika kyabyo ekya xylophones. Mu North Sumatra, Abantu b'e Toba Batak bakozesa ebyuma ebiyitibwa xylophones eby'embaawo ebimanyiddwa nga [[Garantung]] (ebiwandiikiddwa: "garattung"). Java ne Bali bakozesa ennukuta za xylophones (eziyitibwa gambang, [[Rindik]] ne [[Tingklik]] ) mu nsengeka za gamelan . Zikyalina amakulu ag’ennono mu Malaysia, Melanesia, Indonesia, Thailand, Myanmar, n’ebitundu by’Amerika. Mu Myanmar, xylophone emanyiddwa nga Pattala era mu bujjuvu ekolebwa mu miwemba. === Amadinda ga Africa === [[File:Ogbongelenge.jpg|thumb|African Xylophone era emanyiddwa nga Ogbongelenge ekika ky’Abaigbo. [[m:Audiovisuals_of_Igbo_Dances_(AID)_Project|Pulojekiti ya AID]]]] The term ''marimba'' is also applied to various traditional folk instruments such as the West Africa ''balafon''. Early forms were constructed of bars atop a gourd.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist</ref> The wood is first roasted around a fire before shaping the key to achieve the desired tone. The resonator is tuned to the key through careful choice of size of resonator, adjustment of the diameter of the mouth of the resonator using wasp wax and adjustment of the height of the key above the resonator. A skilled maker can produce startling amplification. The mallets used to play ''dibinda'' and ''mbila'' have heads made from natural rubber taken from a wild creeping plant.<ref name="answers1">{{Cite web |date=25 November 2010 |title=Music of Mozambique: Information from |url=http://www.answers.com/topic/music-of-mozambique |access-date=2011-11-01 |publisher=Answers.com}}</ref> "Interlocking" or alternating rhythm features in Eastern African xylophone music such as that of the Makonde ''dimbila'', the Yao ''mangolongondo'' or the Shirima ''mangwilo'' in which the ''opachera'', the initial caller, is responded to by another player, the ''wakulela''. This usually doubles an already rapid rhythmic pulse that may also co-exist with a counter-rhythm. ==== Mbila ==== [[File:Timbela_(musical_instrument).jpg|right|thumb|Tibila]] Mbila (mu bungi "timbila") kika ekikwatagana n'abantu b'e Chopi ab'omu ssaza ly'e Inhambane, mu bukiikaddyo bwa Mozambique. <ref name="answers1" /> Tekirina kutabulwa na mbira . Omusono gw’onvuga yaago n'ennyimba eziyimbirwako kigireetera okuba nga y'enkola esinga okuba enzibu oba eyeekikugu kyokka nga esanngibwa mu bantu abatali baayivu bulungi. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist</ref> Amadinda gano ag'e [[Mozambique]]<nowiki/>gakubibwa mu bibinja ebinene ku mazina amayiiye obulungi, oba oly'awo nga galaga emizannyo egikwata ku byafaayo. Ebibinja by'abazinnyi bibaamu amadinda agawera nga kkumi ag'obunene obwa sayizi ssatu oba nnya. Ekibiina ky’abayimbi ekijjuvu kiyinza okuba n'ebivuga bibiri ebya bass ebiyitibwa gulu nga biriko ebisumuluzo by’embaawo bisatu oba bina ebikubibwa nga bayimiridde nga bakozesa obuti obukuba obuzito obuliko emitwe gya labba emigumu, tenor dibinda ssatu, nga biriko ebisumuluzo kkumi era nga bikubibwa nga batudde, ne mbila yennyini, erimu ebisumuluzo ebituuka ku kkumi na mwenda nga ku bino okutuuka ku munaana biyinza okukubibwa omulundi gumu. Gulu ekozesa ensaasi, ate mbila ne dibinda Masala bakozesa bisusunku by’amakovu amatono nga ebyongeza ku maloboozi. Ziwerekera amazina n’ennyimba z'ennono empanvu ebiyitibwa ngomi oba mgodo era nga zirimu ebitundu by’ennyimba nga kkumi nga ziteereddwa mu bibinja 4 ez’enjawulo, nga biriko ‘oluyimba oba omuzannyo oba amazina agaggulawo’, mu kudduka kw'ebivuga bino n’emisono egy’enjawulo. Omukulembeze w’ekibiina aweereza ng’omutontomi, omuyimbi, ayimbisa banne n’omuzannyi, ng’akola ekiwandiiko, ayiiya oluyimba nga mu ngeri emu lwekuusa ku mpulikika y'olulimi lw'aba Chopi n’okuyiiya layini eyookubiri ey’okugatta emidigido. Abayimbi b’ekibiina kino bayiiya ekitundu ku bitundu byabwe. Olwo omuyimbi yeebuuza ku muyiiya w'amazina ow'omukolo ogwo era enkyukakyuka ne zikolebwa. <ref name="Nettl MPC" /> Ekisinga obuwanvu era ekisinga obukulu ku bino ye "Mzeno" eba egenda okubeeramu oluyimba olunyumya ku nsonga ey'omugaso mu kitundu oba n'okusaagira ku muntu omututumufu mu kitundu! <ref name="answers1" /> Abayimbi kuliko Eduardo Durão ne Venancio Mbande. <ref name="answers1" /> <ref>https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Romney |first=Jonathan |date=5 March 1991 |title=Timbila album review |journal=Q Magazine |volume=55 |pages=68}}</ref> ==== Gyil ==== Enkola y'ekivuga kino efaananako n’eya ''Balaba'' oba Balafon ekikozesebwa abantu aboogera Olumande nga ba -Bambara, Dyula n'aba Sosso mu bitundu eby'ewala mu Bugwanjuba mu bitundu by'Oukiikaddyo bwa [[Mali]] n’obugwanjuba bwa [[Burkina Faso]], ekitundu ekirimu ennono nnyingi ez’ennyimba n’ez’omu bukiikakkono bwa Ivory Coast ne Ghana. Kikolebwa n’ebisumuluzo by’embaawo 14 eby’omuti omugumu ogw’omu Afirica oguyitibwa liga nga biteekebwa ku lubaawo nga wansi wabaayo ensaasi nga zirengejja. <ref name="Colter2008">{{Cite journal |last=Harper |first=Colter |year=2008 |title=Life, Death, and Music in West Africa |url=http://contexts.org/articles/winter-2008/harper/ |journal=Contexts Magazine |volume=Winter |pages=44–51 |doi=10.1525/ctx.2008.7.1.44 |s2cid=59623412 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Ensaasi ziba n'obusaanikira obwa sirika nga bulinga ennyumba za nnabbubi obuyamba okuvaamu eddoboozo erisaala ne bakozesa eddiba ly'engabi okusiba okunyweza. <ref name="Colter2008" /> Ekivuga kino kikubiddwa n’obuti bw’embaawo obuliko emitwe gya labba. ==== Silimba ==== [[File:Silimba-Zambia.jpg|right|thumb|''Silimba'' mu katale k’e Zambia]] '''Silimba''' g'emadinda agakozesebwa ennyo mu bantu abayitibwa ab'aNkoya n'Abalozi ab'e Barotseland mu bugwanjuba bwa [[Zambia]] . <ref name="ATracey History">{{Cite web |last=Tracey |first=Andrew |date=26 May 2004 |title=Marimbas History |url=http://www.kalimba.co.za/old/marimbahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630191209/http://www.kalimba.co.za/old/marimbahistory.html |archive-date=30 June 2017 |access-date=30 September 2013 |website=kalimba.co.za |publisher=Andrew Tracey and Christian Carver}}</ref> Ebisumuluzo ebiteekeddwateekeddwa bisibibwa waggulu w'ensaasi ezivuga. Gano nga gamanyiddwa nga shinjimba mu ba Nkoya, nga gakubibwa ku Kazanga, omukolo gw’obwakabaka ogw’ennono ogw’Abankoya. Silimba kitundu kikulu nnyo mu nnono z’ennyimba z’obuwangwa ez’abantu b’e Lozi era osobola okugiwulira ku mukolo gw'abwe ogw’e Kuomboka ogutegekebwa buli mwaka. Silimba kati ekozesebwa mu bitundu bya Zambia ebisinga obungi. ==== Akadinda, amadinda ne mbaire ==== '''Akadinda,''' '''amadinda''' nga bwe gayitibwa mu luganda bivuga ebisibuka mu [[Buganda]], nga eyitibwa [[Yuganda|Uganda]] omulembe guno . Amadinda gakolebwa galina emiti kkumineebiri nga gino gipangibwa ku kintu kya njuyi ttaano. Okusinga gakubibwa abantu basatu. Abakubi babiri batuula nga buli omu atunudde mu munne ne bakugakuba mu ngeri ekwatagana ku misinde egy'awaggulu. Tegaba na nsaasi oba ddoboozi lyonna lisaala, nga zino z'embeera ebbiri ez'amadinda mangi aga Afirica. Amadinda kyali kivuga kikulu mu kkooti y’obwakabaka bwa Buganda, obwakabaka obusangibwa mu Uganda. Ekika ky’empulikika eky’enjawulo kati kikozesebwa ku madinda gano, nga kirimu ennamba n'ebiseera. nga bwe kiri ne ku madinda agayitibwa '''embaire''', nga kino kika ekisibuka mu bukiikaddyo bwa [[Yuganda|Uganda]].<ref name="britannica1" /> ==== Balo ==== '''''Balo''''' ( '''''balenjeh''''', '''''behlanjeh''''' ) kino kika ekikozesebwa mu bantu b’e Mandinka mu maserengeta ga Africa. Ebisumuluzo byakyo biteekebwa ku nsaasi, era kikubwa n'obuti nga bulina emitwe emikole mu labba. Abakubi bakyo batera okwambala mu ngalo obude obwekyuma ku mikono gyabwe busobole okuvaamu amaloboozi nga nwe bakuba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 November 2004 |title=The Behlanjeh, the national musical instrument of the Mandingos |url=https://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/1240 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070627205236/http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/1240 |archive-date=27 June 2007 |publisher=Royal Commonwealth Society Library. Cambridge University Library. University of Cambridge}}</ref> === Amadinda G'abazungu === [[File:Xylophone-Antonko-AXF09-Marimba-Antonko-AMC12.jpg|left|thumb|Xylophone y’abayimbi (ku kkono) ne marimba (ku ddyo) .]] Okusooka okwogerwako kw'amadinda mu Bulaaya kwali mu kitabo kya Arnolt Schlick ekya ''Spiegel der Orgelmacher und Organisten'' (1511), gye gyitibwa ''hültze glechter'' ("okuwuuma kw'embaawo"). <ref name="VSL">{{Cite web |title=History{{Snd}} The world of wooden mallet instruments |url=https://vsl.co.at/en/Xylophone/History |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430183151/https://www.vsl.co.at/en/Xylophone/History |archive-date=30 April 2018 |access-date=2011-11-01 |website=Vsl.co.at |publisher=Vienna Symphonic Library}}</ref> Waliwo ennyinnyonnyola endala ezikwata ku kivuga kino, wadde ng'ekigambo "amadinda" tekyakozesebwa okutuuka mu myaka gya 1860. Ekivuga kino kyali kikwatagana nnyo n'ennyimba z'ekinnansi ez'amasekkati ga Bulaaya, naddala mu Poland n'obuvanjuba bwa Bugirimaani. Ekika ekyasooka kyali mu [[Slovakia]] <ref name="Nettl MPC" /> : 98. Ekivuga ekyali kisimbuddwa mu kkyo kyajjira mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Xylophone |url=http://www.concertgoersguide.org/onstage/instruments/thexylophone.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070813000208/http://www.concertgoersguide.org/onstage/instruments/thexylophone.php |archive-date=13 August 2007 |access-date=5 June 2015 |website=Concertgoersguide.org |publisher=Oregon Symphony Players Association}}</ref> Okusooka okukozesa amadinda mu kibiina ky'abayimbi n'abakubi b'ebivuga Abazungu kwali mu Camille Saint-Saëns’ ''Danse Macabre'', mu 1874. <ref name="made" /> Mu kiseera ekyo, ekivuga kino kyali kyamanyizibwa dda Michael Josef Gusikov okutuuka ku ddaala erimu, nga ekivuga ekikye kyali ky'amadinda agaalina enkuubo ettaano agaakolebwa mu mbaawo 28 nga zisengekeddwa mu ngeri ya semitones mu ngeri ya trapezoid era nga zitudde ziwaniriddwa obuntu obulinda obuseke. Tewaaliwo byongera ku maloboozi era nga gakubibwa mangu n’obuti owali bufaanana ng’ejiiko. Okusinziira ku mukugu mu by’ennyimba Curt Sachs, Gusikov yayimbira mu bivvulu by’omu bifo awawummulirwa, mu ndaga ez’enjawulo, era ng’ekikolwa eky'enjawulo mu bivvulu eby'amaloboozi. Amadinda g'omu bazungu gaakozesebwanga bbandi za jjaazi ezaasooka ne mu [[:en:Vaudeville|vaudeville]] . Eddoboozi lyago eriwulikika obulungi lyakolanga bulungi mu nnyimba z’emyaka gya 1920 ne 1930. Red Norvo, George Cary, George Hamilton Green, Teddy Brown, Harry Breuer ne Harry Robbins be bamu ku bakubi baago abaali bamanyiddwa ennyo. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, amadinga gano wajjawo ekika ky'ekivuga ekiyitibwa metal-key vibraphone, eky'agayitako mu kwatiikirira nga kino kyakolebwa mu myaka gya 1920. Ekika ky'amadinda gyegagenda gakendeera gaafuuka marimba era ne gayitibwa xylorimba . Mu kugaba obubonero mu bivuga, amadinda oba xylophone esobola okwogerwako Abafalansa aba ''claquebois'', Abagirimaani aba ''Holzharmonika'' (mu bufunze "ekivuga eky'embaawo"), oba ''Silofono'' mu Yitale. Shostakovich yali ayagala nnyo ekivuga kino; kirina emirimu egy’amaanyi mu mirimu gye mingi, omuli n’ennyimba ze ezisinga obungi eza symphony ne Cello Concerto No. 2 ye. Xylophone era ekola kinene mu mazina ga Khachaturian aga Sabre Dance . Abazannyi ba xylophone ab’omulembe guno kuliko Bob Becker, Evelyn Glennie ne Ian Finkel. Mu Amerika, waliyo bbandi za marimba ez’e Zimbabwe ezisinga obungi mu Pacific Northwest, Colorado, ne New Mexico, okusinga bbandi ziriyo okuva ku lubalama lw’ebugwanjuba okuyita mu California n’okutuuka e Hawaii ne Alaska. Omukolo omukulu mu ekitundu gwe gwa ZimFest, ekivvulu ky’ennyimba eky'abantu abava mu Zimbabwe ekitegekebwa buli mwaka. Bbandi zino zirina ebivuga okuva ku soprano eya waggulu, okutuuka ku soprano eya wansi, tenor, baritone ne bass. Eby'ongera ku maloboozi bitera okukolebwa nga birina obutuli obubikkiddwa ne cellophane omutono (efaananako ne balafon ) okusobola okutuuka ku ddoboozi erisaala. Amazina n'ennyimba n'ebiragibwa ebirala ebya bbandi za Amerika bitera okuba n’okukwatagana okunene, olw’okuba nga biva wa muntu omu omuyimbi Omuzimbabwe ayitibwa Dumisani Maraire, eyali omuntu omukulu eyasooka okuleeta ennyimba ezo eza Zimbabwe mu mawanga g’Obugwanjuba, ng’ajja mu Yunivasite y’e Washington mu 1968. == Enkozesa yaago mu by’enjigiriza eby'awansi == [[File:Tres_xilófonos.JPG|thumb|Amadinda asatu aga Orff-Schulwerk ez’enjawulo.]] Abasomesa b'ebivuga n'ennyimba bangi ku nnyimba bakozesa ebyuma ebiyitibwa amadinda ng’ekintu eky’okukozesa mu kibiina okuyamba abaana okukula mu nnyimba. Enkola emu emanyiddwa olw’okukozesa ebyuma ebiyitibwa xylophones ye Orff-Schulwerk, egatta enkozesa y’ebivuga, entambula, okuyimba n’okwogera okutumbula obusobozi bw’abaana mu kuyimba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=American Orff-Schulwerk Association |url=http://www.aosa.org/ |access-date=2011-11-01 |publisher=Aosa.org}}</ref> Amadinda agakozesebwa mu bibiina by’ennyimba ez’enjawulo mu Amerika matono, nga octaves, okusinga oba okusingawo octave range y'amadinda ezikola. Amadinda ga bass gakyukakyuka erra enjawulo zino ziwandiikibwa okuva ku middle C okutuuka ku A octave waggulu naye nga ziwulikika octave emu wansi okusinga ku ziwandiikiddwa. Ennyiriri za alto ziwandiikibwa okuva ku C wakati okutuuka ku A octave waggulu era ziwulikika nga bwe ziwandiikiddwa. Ennyiriri za soprano ziwandiikibwa okuva ku C wakati okutuuka ku A octave emu waggulu naye nga ziwulikika octave emu waggulu okusinga eziwandiikiddwa.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Keetman |first=Gunild |year=1958 |title=Orff-Schulwerk Music for Children |last2=Orff |first2=Carl |publisher=Schott & Co. Ltd. |location=London |translator-last=Margaret Murray}}</ref> Okusinziira ku Andrew Tracey, aga marimbas gaayingizibwa mu Zimbabwe mu 1960.<ref name="ATracey History" /> Marimba ag'e Zimbabwe geesigamiziddwa ku nnyimba z’Abashona era nago gafuuse ga ttutumu mu mawanga g’obugwanjuba, agaatwala enkozesa y’ebivuga bino mu kusooka okukuba ebiwandiiko by’ennyimba gwa mbira dzavadzimu (nga kw’otadde ''n’ennyimba za nyunga nyunga'' ne ''matepe'' ). Ebiwandiiko bino ebisooka mu kusooka byali bikozesebwa mu kusomesa ennyimba mu Zimbabwe. Ebivuga by’e Zimbabwe bitera okuba mu minzaani ya diatonic C major, ekibisobozesa okukubirwa ne mbira ‘western-tuned’ (G nyamaropa), oluusi nga kwongerako ekisumuluzo kya F ♯ ekiteekeddwa mu layini. == Laba ne == * Amayinja g'ennyimba aga Skiddaw * [[Taroko Tatuk|Taroko Tatuk, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo]] == Ebijuliziddwa == == Ebijuliziddwa mu bulambalamba == == Ebijuliziddwa ebweru wa Wikipedia == *   1schkryzjloczw38knfradzhh9b81po 74332 74208 2026-09-09T17:07:53Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1326877069|Xylophone]]" 74332 wikitext text/x-wiki    [[File:Xylophone.jpg|right|thumb|Amadinda wamu n'obugakuba obw'enjawulo]] '''Amadinda''' ( mu lulimi Olu Greek olw’edda ξύλον <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist</ref> <ref>https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1</ref> lit. ' <span class="gloss-text">eddoboozi ly'obubaawo</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> ) kino [[:en:Musical_instrument|kivuga]] ekigwa mu ttuluba ly'ebivuga ebikolebwa mu emiti nga bikubibwa [[:en:Percussion_mallet|obuti]] okuvaamu amaloboozi. Buli kabaawo kaba [[:en:Idiophone|ddinda ly'anjawulo]] erikolebwa okusobola okuvaamu [[:en:Musical_scale|eddoboozi ery'enjawulo]] omuli erya [[:en:Pentatonic_scale|pentatonic]] oba [[:en:Heptatonic_scale|heptatonic]] mu mbeera y’ebivuga bingi eby’Afirica ne Asia, [[:en:Diatonic_scale|diatonic]] mu bivuga bingi eby’abaana ab’amawanga g’omubugwanjuba, oba [[:en:Chromatic_scale|chromatic]] okukozesebwa mu kibiina ky’abayimbi. Erinnya amadinda liyinza okukozesebwa okutwalira awamu, okuzingiramu ebivuga byonna ng’ebyo okugeza nga [[:en:Marimba|marimba]], [[:en:Balafon|balafon]] kwossa ne [[:en:Semantron|semantron]] . Naye mu [[:en:Orchestra|kibiina ky’abayimbi]], ekigambo madinda kitegeeza nnyo ekivuga ekivaamu eddoboozi ery'awaggulu erisingako katono ku buwanvu era nga gaba gakoleddwa [[:en:Timbre|embaawo]] enkalu okusinga [[:en:Marimba|marimba]], era ebivuga bino ebibiri tebisaanidde kutabulwa. Omuntu akuba amadinda amanyiddwa nga ''xylophonist'' oba mu njogera ennyamgu ayitibwa ''mukubi w'amadinda''. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist</ref> Erinnya lino era likozesebwa nnyo okutegeeza ebivuga ebifaanagana eby’ekika kya [[:en:Lithophone|lithophone]] ne [[:en:Metallophone|metallophone]] . Okugeza, [[:en:Pixiphone|Pixiphone]] n’eby’okuzannyisa bingi ebifaananako bwe bityo ababikola bye baayogerako nga amadinda agalina ebyuma mu kifo ky'embaawo, era bwe kityo mu [[:en:Organology|lulimi lw'ebivuga]] bitwalibwa nga [[:en:Glockenspiel|glockenspiels]] mu kifo ky'amadinda. == Enzimba yaago == [[File:Xylophone-pjt1.jpg|left|thumb|E [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]], ~1914]] Amadinda ag'omulembe mu mawanga g'omu bugwanjuba galina embaawo eziva mu miti gya rosewood, padauk, cocobolo, oba ebintu eby’enjawulo ebikoleddwa nga fiberglass oba fiberglass-reinforced plastic ekisobozesa eddoboozi ery’amaanyi. <ref name="made">{{Cite web |date=26 June 2000 |title=How xylophone is made |url=http://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html |access-date=2011-11-01 |publisher=Madehow.com}}</ref> Ebimu bisobola okuba ebitono nga octaves naye xylophones z’ebivvulu zitera okuba oba 4 octaves. Okufaananako ne glockenspiel, amadinda kivuga kivuga ekiyimusa amaloboozi: ebitundu byakyo biwandiikibwa octave emu wansi w’ennukuta eziwulikika. <ref>https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10437-014-9178-z</ref> Amadinga g'oku bivvulu galina obuuma obwongera ku maloboozi agavaamu wansi w’embaawo okutumbula obuwanvu bw'eddoboozi n’okulikuuma. Fuleemu zikolebwa mu mbaawo oba obuuma obutali bwa bbeeyi nnene: amadinga ag'ebbeeyi gaba m'ongeremu mu buwanvu era gaba g'ongeddwamu obunywevu ku ttaka. Mu nkola z'abayimbi endala bakozesa nsaasi <ref name="made" /> nga zeezikola mu kuyamba okwongera eddoboozi. Amadinga amalala gaba ga kika kya "trough" nga gaba ne'kituli kimu ekikola ku kwongeza amaloboozi eri obuuma bwonna. <ref>https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10437-014-9178-z</ref> Enkola enkadde zaalimu okusengeka embaawo wamu ku , era, n’okutuusa kati kikolebwa n’okutuusa kati, okuteeka embaawo nga ziriraanaganye mu nsengeka eringa ey'amadaala. Obuti obugakuba edda bw'akolebwanga Ensigo ez’edda zaakolebwanga mu mbaawo z’omuti gwa willow nga ku nkomerero zazo kuliko ebibya ebiringa ekijiiko. <ref name="made" /> == Mallets == Amadinda galina okukubwa n'obuti bwa labba, polyball oba acrylic. Oluusi obuti bwa labba ali wakatikkati n'omugumu ennyo oba obw’obuwuzi bwe bikozesebwa okukola amaloboozi amagonvu. amaloboozi amagonvu gasobola okukolebwa ku madinda nga bakozesa obuti obuliko emitwe egy’embaawo ezikoleddwa mu muti gwa rosewood, ebony, birch oba emiti emirala emigumu. == Ebyafaayo by'ago == [[File:Kulintang_a_Kayo_01.jpg|right|thumb|''Kulintang a Kayo'', eddoboozi ly’e Philippines erya xylophone]] Ekivuga kino kirina ensibuko y’edda etamanyiddwa. Nettl yagamba nti yasibuka mu bukiikaddyo bw’obuvanjuba bwa Asia n’ejja mu Afrika c. AD 500 ekibinja ky’abantu aboogera Oluaustronesia bwe baasenguka ne bagenda mu Afirica, ne bageraageranya ebibiina by’abakubi b'amadinda ab’omu Buvanjuba bwa Africa n’ebibiina by’abazannyi baago mu aba gamelan ab'e Javanese ne Balinese. <ref name="Nettl MPC">{{Cite book |last=Nettl |first=Bruno |year=1956 |title=Music in Primitive Culture |url=https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/page/176/ |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |isbn=9780674590007 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts}}</ref> : 1 . 18–19, 19 . 100 Endowooza eno yasoomoozebwa omukugu mu nnyimba z’amawanga era omukugu mu nnimi Roger Blench, nga agamba nti ensibuko eyetongodde ey'amadinda eri mu Africa, ng’awa, mu bujulizi obw’okuyiiya mu kitundu, ebifaananyi eby’enjawulo eby'amadinda ga Afirica n’ebika by'amadinda eby’enjawulo ennyo n’ebivuga ebiringa amadinda mu Afirica. <ref>https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10437-014-9178-z</ref> === Amadinda g'omu Asia === Obujulizi obusooka ku madinda amatuufu bwava mu kyasa eky’omwenda mu bukiikaddyo bw’obuvanjuba bwa Asia, ate ekivuga eky’embaawo ekiwaniriddwa ekifaananako bwe kityo, ekika kya harmonicon, kigambibwa nti Vienna Symphonic Library kyaliwo mu 2000 BC mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa China. Ranat eringa xylophone yakozesebwa mu bitundu by’Abahindu (kashta tharang). Mu Indonesia, ebitundu bitono ebirina ekika kyabyo ekya xylophones. Mu North Sumatra, Abantu b'e Toba Batak bakozesa ebyuma ebiyitibwa xylophones eby'embaawo ebimanyiddwa nga [[Garantung]] (ebiwandiikiddwa: "garattung"). Java ne Bali bakozesa ennukuta za xylophones (eziyitibwa gambang, [[Rindik]] ne [[Tingklik]] ) mu nsengeka za gamelan . Zikyalina amakulu ag’ennono mu Malaysia, Melanesia, Indonesia, Thailand, Myanmar, n’ebitundu by’Amerika. Mu Myanmar, xylophone emanyiddwa nga Pattala era mu bujjuvu ekolebwa mu miwemba. === Amadinda ga Africa === [[File:Ogbongelenge.jpg|thumb|African Xylophone era emanyiddwa nga Ogbongelenge ekika ky’Abaigbo. [[m:Audiovisuals_of_Igbo_Dances_(AID)_Project|Pulojekiti ya AID]]]] The term ''marimba'' is also applied to various traditional folk instruments such as the West Africa ''balafon''. Early forms were constructed of bars atop a gourd.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist</ref> The wood is first roasted around a fire before shaping the key to achieve the desired tone. The resonator is tuned to the key through careful choice of size of resonator, adjustment of the diameter of the mouth of the resonator using wasp wax and adjustment of the height of the key above the resonator. A skilled maker can produce startling amplification. The mallets used to play ''dibinda'' and ''mbila'' have heads made from natural rubber taken from a wild creeping plant.<ref name="answers1">{{Cite web |date=25 November 2010 |title=Music of Mozambique: Information from |url=http://www.answers.com/topic/music-of-mozambique |access-date=2011-11-01 |publisher=Answers.com}}</ref> "Interlocking" or alternating rhythm features in Eastern African xylophone music such as that of the Makonde ''dimbila'', the Yao ''mangolongondo'' or the Shirima ''mangwilo'' in which the ''opachera'', the initial caller, is responded to by another player, the ''wakulela''. This usually doubles an already rapid rhythmic pulse that may also co-exist with a counter-rhythm. ==== Mbila ==== [[File:Timbela_(musical_instrument).jpg|right|thumb|Tibila]] Mbila (mu bungi "timbila") kika ekikwatagana n'abantu b'e Chopi ab'omu ssaza ly'e Inhambane, mu bukiikaddyo bwa Mozambique. <ref name="answers1" /> Tekirina kutabulwa na mbira . Omusono gw’onvuga yaago n'ennyimba eziyimbirwako kigireetera okuba nga y'enkola esinga okuba enzibu oba eyeekikugu kyokka nga esanngibwa mu bantu abatali baayivu bulungi. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist</ref> Amadinda gano ag'e [[Mozambique]]<nowiki/>gakubibwa mu bibinja ebinene ku mazina amayiiye obulungi, oba oly'awo nga galaga emizannyo egikwata ku byafaayo. Ebibinja by'abazinnyi bibaamu amadinda agawera nga kkumi ag'obunene obwa sayizi ssatu oba nnya. Ekibiina ky’abayimbi ekijjuvu kiyinza okuba n'ebivuga bibiri ebya bass ebiyitibwa gulu nga biriko ebisumuluzo by’embaawo bisatu oba bina ebikubibwa nga bayimiridde nga bakozesa obuti obukuba obuzito obuliko emitwe gya labba emigumu, tenor dibinda ssatu, nga biriko ebisumuluzo kkumi era nga bikubibwa nga batudde, ne mbila yennyini, erimu ebisumuluzo ebituuka ku kkumi na mwenda nga ku bino okutuuka ku munaana biyinza okukubibwa omulundi gumu. Gulu ekozesa ensaasi, ate mbila ne dibinda Masala bakozesa bisusunku by’amakovu amatono nga ebyongeza ku maloboozi. Ziwerekera amazina n’ennyimba z'ennono empanvu ebiyitibwa ngomi oba mgodo era nga zirimu ebitundu by’ennyimba nga kkumi nga ziteereddwa mu bibinja 4 ez’enjawulo, nga biriko ‘oluyimba oba omuzannyo oba amazina agaggulawo’, mu kudduka kw'ebivuga bino n’emisono egy’enjawulo. Omukulembeze w’ekibiina aweereza ng’omutontomi, omuyimbi, ayimbisa banne n’omuzannyi, ng’akola ekiwandiiko, ayiiya oluyimba nga mu ngeri emu lwekuusa ku mpulikika y'olulimi lw'aba Chopi n’okuyiiya layini eyookubiri ey’okugatta emidigido. Abayimbi b’ekibiina kino bayiiya ekitundu ku bitundu byabwe. Olwo omuyimbi yeebuuza ku muyiiya w'amazina ow'omukolo ogwo era enkyukakyuka ne zikolebwa. <ref name="Nettl MPC" /> Ekisinga obuwanvu era ekisinga obukulu ku bino ye "Mzeno" eba egenda okubeeramu oluyimba olunyumya ku nsonga ey'omugaso mu kitundu oba n'okusaagira ku muntu omututumufu mu kitundu! <ref name="answers1" /> Abayimbi kuliko Eduardo Durão ne Venancio Mbande. <ref name="answers1" /> <ref>https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Romney |first=Jonathan |date=5 March 1991 |title=Timbila album review |journal=Q Magazine |volume=55 |pages=68}}</ref> ==== Gyil ==== Enkola y'ekivuga kino efaananako n’eya ''Balaba'' oba Balafon ekikozesebwa abantu aboogera Olumande nga ba -Bambara, Dyula n'aba Sosso mu bitundu eby'ewala mu Bugwanjuba mu bitundu by'Oukiikaddyo bwa [[Mali]] n’obugwanjuba bwa [[Burkina Faso]], ekitundu ekirimu ennono nnyingi ez’ennyimba n’ez’omu bukiikakkono bwa Ivory Coast ne Ghana. Kikolebwa n’ebisumuluzo by’embaawo 14 eby’omuti omugumu ogw’omu Afirica oguyitibwa liga nga biteekebwa ku lubaawo nga wansi wabaayo ensaasi nga zirengejja. <ref name="Colter2008">{{Cite journal |last=Harper |first=Colter |year=2008 |title=Life, Death, and Music in West Africa |url=http://contexts.org/articles/winter-2008/harper/ |journal=Contexts Magazine |volume=Winter |pages=44–51 |doi=10.1525/ctx.2008.7.1.44 |s2cid=59623412 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Ensaasi ziba n'obusaanikira obwa sirika nga bulinga ennyumba za nnabbubi obuyamba okuvaamu eddoboozo erisaala ne bakozesa eddiba ly'engabi okusiba okunyweza. <ref name="Colter2008" /> Ekivuga kino kikubiddwa n’obuti bw’embaawo obuliko emitwe gya labba. ==== Silimba ==== [[File:Silimba-Zambia.jpg|right|thumb|''Silimba'' mu katale k’e Zambia]] '''Silimba''' g'emadinda agakozesebwa ennyo mu bantu abayitibwa ab'aNkoya n'Abalozi ab'e Barotseland mu bugwanjuba bwa [[Zambia]] . <ref name="ATracey History">{{Cite web |last=Tracey |first=Andrew |date=26 May 2004 |title=Marimbas History |url=http://www.kalimba.co.za/old/marimbahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630191209/http://www.kalimba.co.za/old/marimbahistory.html |archive-date=30 June 2017 |access-date=30 September 2013 |website=kalimba.co.za |publisher=Andrew Tracey and Christian Carver}}</ref> Ebisumuluzo ebiteekeddwateekeddwa bisibibwa waggulu w'ensaasi ezivuga. Gano nga gamanyiddwa nga shinjimba mu ba Nkoya, nga gakubibwa ku Kazanga, omukolo gw’obwakabaka ogw’ennono ogw’Abankoya. Silimba kitundu kikulu nnyo mu nnono z’ennyimba z’obuwangwa ez’abantu b’e Lozi era osobola okugiwulira ku mukolo gw'abwe ogw’e Kuomboka ogutegekebwa buli mwaka. Silimba kati ekozesebwa mu bitundu bya Zambia ebisinga obungi. ==== Akadinda, amadinda ne mbaire ==== '''Akadinda,''' '''amadinda''' nga bwe gayitibwa mu luganda bivuga ebisibuka mu [[Buganda]], nga eyitibwa [[Yuganda|Uganda]] omulembe guno . Amadinda gakolebwa galina emiti kkumineebiri nga gino gipangibwa ku kintu kya njuyi ttaano. Okusinga gakubibwa abantu basatu. Abakubi babiri batuula nga buli omu atunudde mu munne ne bakugakuba mu ngeri ekwatagana ku misinde egy'awaggulu. Tegaba na nsaasi oba ddoboozi lyonna lisaala, nga zino z'embeera ebbiri ez'amadinda mangi aga Afirica. Amadinda kyali kivuga kikulu mu kkooti y’obwakabaka bwa Buganda, obwakabaka obusangibwa mu Uganda. Ekika ky’empulikika eky’enjawulo kati kikozesebwa ku madinda gano, nga kirimu ennamba n'ebiseera. nga bwe kiri ne ku madinda agayitibwa '''embaire''', nga kino kika ekisibuka mu bukiikaddyo bwa [[Yuganda|Uganda]].<ref name="britannica1" /> ==== Balo ==== '''''Balo''''' ( '''''balenjeh''''', '''''behlanjeh''''' ) kino kika ekikozesebwa mu bantu b’e Mandinka mu maserengeta ga Africa. Ebisumuluzo byakyo biteekebwa ku nsaasi, era kikubwa n'obuti nga bulina emitwe emikole mu labba. Abakubi bakyo batera okwambala mu ngalo obude obwekyuma ku mikono gyabwe busobole okuvaamu amaloboozi nga nwe bakuba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 November 2004 |title=The Behlanjeh, the national musical instrument of the Mandingos |url=https://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/1240 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070627205236/http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/1240 |archive-date=27 June 2007 |publisher=Royal Commonwealth Society Library. Cambridge University Library. University of Cambridge}}</ref> === Amadinda G'abazungu === [[File:Xylophone-Antonko-AXF09-Marimba-Antonko-AMC12.jpg|left|thumb|Xylophone y’abayimbi (ku kkono) ne marimba (ku ddyo) .]] Okusooka okwogerwako kw'amadinda mu Bulaaya kwali mu kitabo kya Arnolt Schlick ekya ''Spiegel der Orgelmacher und Organisten'' (1511), gye gyitibwa ''hültze glechter'' ("okuwuuma kw'embaawo"). <ref name="VSL">{{Cite web |title=History{{Snd}} The world of wooden mallet instruments |url=https://vsl.co.at/en/Xylophone/History |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430183151/https://www.vsl.co.at/en/Xylophone/History |archive-date=30 April 2018 |access-date=2011-11-01 |website=Vsl.co.at |publisher=Vienna Symphonic Library}}</ref> Waliwo ennyinnyonnyola endala ezikwata ku kivuga kino, wadde ng'ekigambo "amadinda" tekyakozesebwa okutuuka mu myaka gya 1860. Ekivuga kino kyali kikwatagana nnyo n'ennyimba z'ekinnansi ez'amasekkati ga Bulaaya, naddala mu Poland n'obuvanjuba bwa Bugirimaani. Ekika ekyasooka kyali mu [[Slovakia]] <ref name="Nettl MPC" /> : 98. Ekivuga ekyali kisimbuddwa mu kkyo kyajjira mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Xylophone |url=http://www.concertgoersguide.org/onstage/instruments/thexylophone.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070813000208/http://www.concertgoersguide.org/onstage/instruments/thexylophone.php |archive-date=13 August 2007 |access-date=5 June 2015 |website=Concertgoersguide.org |publisher=Oregon Symphony Players Association}}</ref> Okusooka okukozesa amadinda mu kibiina ky'abayimbi n'abakubi b'ebivuga Abazungu kwali mu Camille Saint-Saëns’ ''Danse Macabre'', mu 1874. <ref name="made" /> Mu kiseera ekyo, ekivuga kino kyali kyamanyizibwa dda Michael Josef Gusikov okutuuka ku ddaala erimu, nga ekivuga ekikye kyali ky'amadinda agaalina enkuubo ettaano agaakolebwa mu mbaawo 28 nga zisengekeddwa mu ngeri ya semitones mu ngeri ya trapezoid era nga zitudde ziwaniriddwa obuntu obulinda obuseke. Tewaaliwo byongera ku maloboozi era nga gakubibwa mangu n’obuti owali bufaanana ng’ejiiko. Okusinziira ku mukugu mu by’ennyimba Curt Sachs, Gusikov yayimbira mu bivvulu by’omu bifo awawummulirwa, mu ndaga ez’enjawulo, era ng’ekikolwa eky'enjawulo mu bivvulu eby'amaloboozi. Amadinda g'omu bazungu gaakozesebwanga bbandi za jjaazi ezaasooka ne mu [[:en:Vaudeville|vaudeville]] . Eddoboozi lyago eriwulikika obulungi lyakolanga bulungi mu nnyimba z’emyaka gya 1920 ne 1930. Red Norvo, George Cary, George Hamilton Green, Teddy Brown, Harry Breuer ne Harry Robbins be bamu ku bakubi baago abaali bamanyiddwa ennyo. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, amadinga gano wajjawo ekika ky'ekivuga ekiyitibwa metal-key vibraphone, eky'agayitako mu kwatiikirira nga kino kyakolebwa mu myaka gya 1920. Ekika ky'amadinda gyegagenda gakendeera gaafuuka marimba era ne gayitibwa xylorimba . Mu kugaba obubonero mu bivuga, amadinda oba xylophone esobola okwogerwako Abafalansa aba ''claquebois'', Abagirimaani aba ''Holzharmonika'' (mu bufunze "ekivuga eky'embaawo"), oba ''Silofono'' mu Yitale. Shostakovich yali ayagala nnyo ekivuga kino; kirina emirimu egy’amaanyi mu mirimu gye mingi, omuli n’ennyimba ze ezisinga obungi eza symphony ne Cello Concerto No. 2 ye. Xylophone era ekola kinene mu mazina ga Khachaturian aga Sabre Dance . Abazannyi ba xylophone ab’omulembe guno kuliko Bob Becker, Evelyn Glennie ne Ian Finkel. Mu Amerika, waliyo bbandi za marimba ez’e Zimbabwe ezisinga obungi mu Pacific Northwest, Colorado, ne New Mexico, okusinga bbandi ziriyo okuva ku lubalama lw’ebugwanjuba okuyita mu California n’okutuuka e Hawaii ne Alaska. Omukolo omukulu mu ekitundu gwe gwa ZimFest, ekivvulu ky’ennyimba eky'abantu abava mu Zimbabwe ekitegekebwa buli mwaka. Bbandi zino zirina ebivuga okuva ku soprano eya waggulu, okutuuka ku soprano eya wansi, tenor, baritone ne bass. Eby'ongera ku maloboozi bitera okukolebwa nga birina obutuli obubikkiddwa ne cellophane omutono (efaananako ne balafon ) okusobola okutuuka ku ddoboozi erisaala. Amazina n'ennyimba n'ebiragibwa ebirala ebya bbandi za Amerika bitera okuba n’okukwatagana okunene, olw’okuba nga biva wa muntu omu omuyimbi Omuzimbabwe ayitibwa Dumisani Maraire, eyali omuntu omukulu eyasooka okuleeta ennyimba ezo eza Zimbabwe mu mawanga g’Obugwanjuba, ng’ajja mu Yunivasite y’e Washington mu 1968. == Enkozesa yaago mu by’enjigiriza eby'awansi == [[File:Tres_xilófonos.JPG|thumb|Amadinda asatu aga Orff-Schulwerk ez’enjawulo.]] Abasomesa b'ebivuga n'ennyimba bangi ku nnyimba bakozesa ebyuma ebiyitibwa amadinda ng’ekintu eky’okukozesa mu kibiina okuyamba abaana okukula mu nnyimba. Enkola emu emanyiddwa olw’okukozesa ebyuma ebiyitibwa xylophones ye Orff-Schulwerk, egatta enkozesa y’ebivuga, entambula, okuyimba n’okwogera okutumbula obusobozi bw’abaana mu kuyimba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=American Orff-Schulwerk Association |url=http://www.aosa.org/ |access-date=2011-11-01 |publisher=Aosa.org}}</ref> Amadinda agakozesebwa mu bibiina by’ennyimba ez’enjawulo mu Amerika matono, nga octaves, okusinga oba okusingawo octave range y'amadinda ezikola. Amadinda ga bass gakyukakyuka erra enjawulo zino ziwandiikibwa okuva ku middle C okutuuka ku A octave waggulu naye nga ziwulikika octave emu wansi okusinga ku ziwandiikiddwa. Ennyiriri za alto ziwandiikibwa okuva ku C wakati okutuuka ku A octave waggulu era ziwulikika nga bwe ziwandiikiddwa. Ennyiriri za soprano ziwandiikibwa okuva ku C wakati okutuuka ku A octave emu waggulu naye nga ziwulikika octave emu waggulu okusinga eziwandiikiddwa.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Keetman |first=Gunild |year=1958 |title=Orff-Schulwerk Music for Children |last2=Orff |first2=Carl |publisher=Schott & Co. Ltd. |location=London |translator-last=Margaret Murray}}</ref> Okusinziira ku Andrew Tracey, aga marimbas gaayingizibwa mu Zimbabwe mu 1960.<ref name="ATracey History" /> Marimba ag'e Zimbabwe geesigamiziddwa ku nnyimba z’Abashona era nago gafuuse ga ttutumu mu mawanga g’obugwanjuba, agaatwala enkozesa y’ebivuga bino mu kusooka okukuba ebiwandiiko by’ennyimba gwa mbira dzavadzimu (nga kw’otadde ''n’ennyimba za nyunga nyunga'' ne ''matepe'' ). Ebiwandiiko bino ebisooka mu kusooka byali bikozesebwa mu kusomesa ennyimba mu Zimbabwe. Ebivuga by’e Zimbabwe bitera okuba mu minzaani ya diatonic C major, ekibisobozesa okukubirwa ne mbira ‘western-tuned’ (G nyamaropa), oluusi nga kwongerako ekisumuluzo kya F ♯ ekiteekeddwa mu layini. == Laba ne == * Amayinja g'ennyimba aga Skiddaw * [[Taroko Tatuk|Taroko Tatuk, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo]] == Ebijuliziddwa == == Ebijuliziddwa mu bulambalamba == *   * {{Cite book |last=Paco |first=Celso |year=2000 |title=World Music, Vol. 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East |publisher=Rough Guides Ltd., Penguin Books |isbn=1-85828-636-0 |editor-last=Broughton |editor-first=Simon |pages=579–584 |chapter=A Luta Continua |editor-last2=Ellingham |editor-first2=Mark |editor-last3=McConnachie |editor-first3=James |editor-last4=Duane |editor-first4=Orla}} * {{Cite book |last=Tracey |first=Hugh |author-link=Hugh Tracey |year=1948 |title=Chopi Musicians: their Music, Poetry, and Instruments |url=https://archive.org/details/chopimusiciansth0000trac |publisher=International African Institute and Oxford University Press |isbn=9780197241820 |edition=1970 |location=London |url-access=registration}} *   == Ebijuliziddwa ebweru wa Wikipedia == *   5znsbd02w0y1k5iu7bd5totg74z7y9i 74364 74332 2026-09-09T23:19:45Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 74364 wikitext text/x-wiki    [[File:Xylophone.jpg|right|thumb|Amadinda wamu n'obugakuba obw'enjawulo]] '''Amadinda''' ( mu lulimi Olu Greek olw’edda ξύλον <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist</ref> <ref>https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1</ref> lit. ' <span class="gloss-text">eddoboozi ly'obubaawo</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> ) kino [[:en:Musical_instrument|kivuga]] ekigwa mu ttuluba ly'ebivuga ebikolebwa mu emiti nga bikubibwa [[:en:Percussion_mallet|obuti]] okuvaamu amaloboozi. Buli kabaawo kaba [[:en:Idiophone|ddinda ly'anjawulo]] erikolebwa okusobola okuvaamu [[:en:Musical_scale|eddoboozi ery'enjawulo]] omuli erya [[:en:Pentatonic_scale|pentatonic]] oba [[:en:Heptatonic_scale|heptatonic]] mu mbeera y’ebivuga bingi eby’Afirica ne Asia, [[:en:Diatonic_scale|diatonic]] mu bivuga bingi eby’abaana ab’amawanga g’omubugwanjuba, oba [[:en:Chromatic_scale|chromatic]] okukozesebwa mu kibiina ky’abayimbi. Erinnya amadinda liyinza okukozesebwa okutwalira awamu, okuzingiramu ebivuga byonna ng’ebyo okugeza nga [[:en:Marimba|marimba]], [[:en:Balafon|balafon]] kwossa ne [[:en:Semantron|semantron]] . Naye mu [[:en:Orchestra|kibiina ky’abayimbi]], ekigambo madinda kitegeeza nnyo ekivuga ekivaamu eddoboozi ery'awaggulu erisingako katono ku buwanvu era nga gaba gakoleddwa [[:en:Timbre|embaawo]] enkalu okusinga [[:en:Marimba|marimba]], era ebivuga bino ebibiri tebisaanidde kutabulwa. Omuntu akuba amadinda amanyiddwa nga ''xylophonist'' oba mu njogera ennyamgu ayitibwa ''mukubi w'amadinda''. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist</ref> Erinnya lino era likozesebwa nnyo okutegeeza ebivuga ebifaanagana eby’ekika kya [[:en:Lithophone|lithophone]] ne [[:en:Metallophone|metallophone]] . Okugeza, [[:en:Pixiphone|Pixiphone]] n’eby’okuzannyisa bingi ebifaananako bwe bityo ababikola bye baayogerako nga amadinda agalina ebyuma mu kifo ky'embaawo, era bwe kityo mu [[:en:Organology|lulimi lw'ebivuga]] bitwalibwa nga [[:en:Glockenspiel|glockenspiels]] mu kifo ky'amadinda. == Enzimba yaago == [[File:Xylophone-pjt1.jpg|left|thumb|E [[:en:Cameroon|Cameroon]], ~1914]] Amadinda ag'omulembe mu mawanga g'omu bugwanjuba galina embaawo eziva mu miti gya rosewood, padauk, cocobolo, oba ebintu eby’enjawulo ebikoleddwa nga fiberglass oba fiberglass-reinforced plastic ekisobozesa eddoboozi ery’amaanyi. <ref name="made">{{Cite web |date=26 June 2000 |title=How xylophone is made |url=http://www.madehow.com/Volume-6/Xylophone.html |access-date=2011-11-01 |publisher=Madehow.com}}</ref> Ebimu bisobola okuba ebitono nga octaves naye xylophones z’ebivvulu zitera okuba oba 4 octaves. Okufaananako ne glockenspiel, amadinda kivuga kivuga ekiyimusa amaloboozi: ebitundu byakyo biwandiikibwa octave emu wansi w’ennukuta eziwulikika. <ref>https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10437-014-9178-z</ref> Amadinga g'oku bivvulu galina obuuma obwongera ku maloboozi agavaamu wansi w’embaawo okutumbula obuwanvu bw'eddoboozi n’okulikuuma. Fuleemu zikolebwa mu mbaawo oba obuuma obutali bwa bbeeyi nnene: amadinga ag'ebbeeyi gaba m'ongeremu mu buwanvu era gaba g'ongeddwamu obunywevu ku ttaka. Mu nkola z'abayimbi endala bakozesa nsaasi <ref name="made" /> nga zeezikola mu kuyamba okwongera eddoboozi. Amadinga amalala gaba ga kika kya "trough" nga gaba ne'kituli kimu ekikola ku kwongeza amaloboozi eri obuuma bwonna. <ref>https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10437-014-9178-z</ref> Enkola enkadde zaalimu okusengeka embaawo wamu ku , era, n’okutuusa kati kikolebwa n’okutuusa kati, okuteeka embaawo nga ziriraanaganye mu nsengeka eringa ey'amadaala. Obuti obugakuba edda bw'akolebwanga Ensigo ez’edda zaakolebwanga mu mbaawo z’omuti gwa willow nga ku nkomerero zazo kuliko ebibya ebiringa ekijiiko. <ref name="made" /> == Mallets == Amadinda galina okukubwa n'obuti bwa labba, polyball oba acrylic. Oluusi obuti bwa labba ali wakatikkati n'omugumu ennyo oba obw’obuwuzi bwe bikozesebwa okukola amaloboozi amagonvu. amaloboozi amagonvu gasobola okukolebwa ku madinda nga bakozesa obuti obuliko emitwe egy’embaawo ezikoleddwa mu muti gwa rosewood, ebony, birch oba emiti emirala emigumu. == Ebyafaayo by'ago == [[File:Kulintang_a_Kayo_01.jpg|right|thumb|''Kulintang a Kayo'', eddoboozi ly’e Philippines erya xylophone]] Ekivuga kino kirina ensibuko y’edda etamanyiddwa. Nettl yagamba nti yasibuka mu bukiikaddyo bw’obuvanjuba bwa Asia n’ejja mu Afrika c. AD 500 ekibinja ky’abantu aboogera Oluaustronesia bwe baasenguka ne bagenda mu Afirica, ne bageraageranya ebibiina by’abakubi b'amadinda ab’omu Buvanjuba bwa Africa n’ebibiina by’abazannyi baago mu aba gamelan ab'e Javanese ne Balinese. <ref name="Nettl MPC">{{Cite book |last=Nettl |first=Bruno |year=1956 |title=Music in Primitive Culture |url=https://theoryofmusic.wordpress.com/page/176/ |publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] |isbn=9780674590007 |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts}}</ref> : 1 . 18–19, 19 . 100 Endowooza eno yasoomoozebwa omukugu mu nnyimba z’amawanga era omukugu mu nnimi Roger Blench, nga agamba nti ensibuko eyetongodde ey'amadinda eri mu Africa, ng’awa, mu bujulizi obw’okuyiiya mu kitundu, ebifaananyi eby’enjawulo eby'amadinda ga Afirica n’ebika by'amadinda eby’enjawulo ennyo n’ebivuga ebiringa amadinda mu Afirica. <ref>https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10437-014-9178-z</ref> === Amadinda g'omu Asia === Obujulizi obusooka ku madinda amatuufu bwava mu kyasa eky’omwenda mu bukiikaddyo bw’obuvanjuba bwa Asia, ate ekivuga eky’embaawo ekiwaniriddwa ekifaananako bwe kityo, ekika kya harmonicon, kigambibwa nti Vienna Symphonic Library kyaliwo mu 2000 BC mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa China. Ranat eringa xylophone yakozesebwa mu bitundu by’Abahindu (kashta tharang). Mu Indonesia, ebitundu bitono ebirina ekika kyabyo ekya xylophones. Mu North Sumatra, Abantu b'e Toba Batak bakozesa ebyuma ebiyitibwa xylophones eby'embaawo ebimanyiddwa nga [[Garantung]] (ebiwandiikiddwa: "garattung"). Java ne Bali bakozesa ennukuta za xylophones (eziyitibwa gambang, [[Rindik]] ne [[Tingklik]] ) mu nsengeka za gamelan . Zikyalina amakulu ag’ennono mu Malaysia, Melanesia, Indonesia, Thailand, Myanmar, n’ebitundu by’Amerika. Mu Myanmar, xylophone emanyiddwa nga Pattala era mu bujjuvu ekolebwa mu miwemba. === Amadinda ga Africa === [[File:Ogbongelenge.jpg|thumb|African Xylophone era emanyiddwa nga Ogbongelenge ekika ky’Abaigbo. [[m:Audiovisuals_of_Igbo_Dances_(AID)_Project|Pulojekiti ya AID]]]] The term ''marimba'' is also applied to various traditional folk instruments such as the West Africa ''balafon''. Early forms were constructed of bars atop a gourd.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist</ref> The wood is first roasted around a fire before shaping the key to achieve the desired tone. The resonator is tuned to the key through careful choice of size of resonator, adjustment of the diameter of the mouth of the resonator using wasp wax and adjustment of the height of the key above the resonator. A skilled maker can produce startling amplification. The mallets used to play ''dibinda'' and ''mbila'' have heads made from natural rubber taken from a wild creeping plant.<ref name="answers1">{{Cite web |date=25 November 2010 |title=Music of Mozambique: Information from |url=http://www.answers.com/topic/music-of-mozambique |access-date=2011-11-01 |publisher=Answers.com}}</ref> "Interlocking" or alternating rhythm features in Eastern African xylophone music such as that of the Makonde ''dimbila'', the Yao ''mangolongondo'' or the Shirima ''mangwilo'' in which the ''opachera'', the initial caller, is responded to by another player, the ''wakulela''. This usually doubles an already rapid rhythmic pulse that may also co-exist with a counter-rhythm. ==== Mbila ==== [[File:Timbela_(musical_instrument).jpg|right|thumb|Tibila]] Mbila (mu bungi "timbila") kika ekikwatagana n'abantu b'e Chopi ab'omu ssaza ly'e Inhambane, mu bukiikaddyo bwa Mozambique. <ref name="answers1" /> Tekirina kutabulwa na mbira . Omusono gw’onvuga yaago n'ennyimba eziyimbirwako kigireetera okuba nga y'enkola esinga okuba enzibu oba eyeekikugu kyokka nga esanngibwa mu bantu abatali baayivu bulungi. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201207215715/https://www.lexico.com/definition/xylophonist</ref> Amadinda gano ag'e [[Mozambique]]<nowiki/>gakubibwa mu bibinja ebinene ku mazina amayiiye obulungi, oba oly'awo nga galaga emizannyo egikwata ku byafaayo. Ebibinja by'abazinnyi bibaamu amadinda agawera nga kkumi ag'obunene obwa sayizi ssatu oba nnya. Ekibiina ky’abayimbi ekijjuvu kiyinza okuba n'ebivuga bibiri ebya bass ebiyitibwa gulu nga biriko ebisumuluzo by’embaawo bisatu oba bina ebikubibwa nga bayimiridde nga bakozesa obuti obukuba obuzito obuliko emitwe gya labba emigumu, tenor dibinda ssatu, nga biriko ebisumuluzo kkumi era nga bikubibwa nga batudde, ne mbila yennyini, erimu ebisumuluzo ebituuka ku kkumi na mwenda nga ku bino okutuuka ku munaana biyinza okukubibwa omulundi gumu. Gulu ekozesa ensaasi, ate mbila ne dibinda Masala bakozesa bisusunku by’amakovu amatono nga ebyongeza ku maloboozi. Ziwerekera amazina n’ennyimba z'ennono empanvu ebiyitibwa ngomi oba mgodo era nga zirimu ebitundu by’ennyimba nga kkumi nga ziteereddwa mu bibinja 4 ez’enjawulo, nga biriko ‘oluyimba oba omuzannyo oba amazina agaggulawo’, mu kudduka kw'ebivuga bino n’emisono egy’enjawulo. Omukulembeze w’ekibiina aweereza ng’omutontomi, omuyimbi, ayimbisa banne n’omuzannyi, ng’akola ekiwandiiko, ayiiya oluyimba nga mu ngeri emu lwekuusa ku mpulikika y'olulimi lw'aba Chopi n’okuyiiya layini eyookubiri ey’okugatta emidigido. Abayimbi b’ekibiina kino bayiiya ekitundu ku bitundu byabwe. Olwo omuyimbi yeebuuza ku muyiiya w'amazina ow'omukolo ogwo era enkyukakyuka ne zikolebwa. <ref name="Nettl MPC" /> Ekisinga obuwanvu era ekisinga obukulu ku bino ye "Mzeno" eba egenda okubeeramu oluyimba olunyumya ku nsonga ey'omugaso mu kitundu oba n'okusaagira ku muntu omututumufu mu kitundu! <ref name="answers1" /> Abayimbi kuliko Eduardo Durão ne Venancio Mbande. <ref name="answers1" /> <ref>https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=cu/lon1</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Romney |first=Jonathan |date=5 March 1991 |title=Timbila album review |journal=Q Magazine |volume=55 |pages=68}}</ref> ==== Gyil ==== Enkola y'ekivuga kino efaananako n’eya ''Balaba'' oba Balafon ekikozesebwa abantu aboogera Olumande nga ba -Bambara, Dyula n'aba Sosso mu bitundu eby'ewala mu Bugwanjuba mu bitundu by'Oukiikaddyo bwa [[Mali]] n’obugwanjuba bwa [[Burkina Faso]], ekitundu ekirimu ennono nnyingi ez’ennyimba n’ez’omu bukiikakkono bwa Ivory Coast ne Ghana. Kikolebwa n’ebisumuluzo by’embaawo 14 eby’omuti omugumu ogw’omu Afirica oguyitibwa liga nga biteekebwa ku lubaawo nga wansi wabaayo ensaasi nga zirengejja. <ref name="Colter2008">{{Cite journal |last=Harper |first=Colter |year=2008 |title=Life, Death, and Music in West Africa |url=http://contexts.org/articles/winter-2008/harper/ |journal=Contexts Magazine |volume=Winter |pages=44–51 |doi=10.1525/ctx.2008.7.1.44 |s2cid=59623412 |url-access=subscription |archive-date=2008-05-05 |access-date=2026-09-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505053140/http://contexts.org/articles/winter-2008/harper/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ensaasi ziba n'obusaanikira obwa sirika nga bulinga ennyumba za nnabbubi obuyamba okuvaamu eddoboozo erisaala ne bakozesa eddiba ly'engabi okusiba okunyweza. <ref name="Colter2008" /> Ekivuga kino kikubiddwa n’obuti bw’embaawo obuliko emitwe gya labba. ==== Silimba ==== [[File:Silimba-Zambia.jpg|right|thumb|''Silimba'' mu katale k’e Zambia]] '''Silimba''' g'emadinda agakozesebwa ennyo mu bantu abayitibwa ab'aNkoya n'Abalozi ab'e Barotseland mu bugwanjuba bwa [[Zambia]] . <ref name="ATracey History">{{Cite web |last=Tracey |first=Andrew |date=26 May 2004 |title=Marimbas History |url=http://www.kalimba.co.za/old/marimbahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630191209/http://www.kalimba.co.za/old/marimbahistory.html |archive-date=30 June 2017 |access-date=30 September 2013 |website=kalimba.co.za |publisher=Andrew Tracey and Christian Carver}}</ref> Ebisumuluzo ebiteekeddwateekeddwa bisibibwa waggulu w'ensaasi ezivuga. Gano nga gamanyiddwa nga shinjimba mu ba Nkoya, nga gakubibwa ku Kazanga, omukolo gw’obwakabaka ogw’ennono ogw’Abankoya. Silimba kitundu kikulu nnyo mu nnono z’ennyimba z’obuwangwa ez’abantu b’e Lozi era osobola okugiwulira ku mukolo gw'abwe ogw’e Kuomboka ogutegekebwa buli mwaka. Silimba kati ekozesebwa mu bitundu bya Zambia ebisinga obungi. ==== Akadinda, amadinda ne mbaire ==== '''Akadinda,''' '''amadinda''' nga bwe gayitibwa mu luganda bivuga ebisibuka mu [[Buganda]], nga eyitibwa [[Yuganda|Uganda]] omulembe guno . Amadinda gakolebwa galina emiti kkumineebiri nga gino gipangibwa ku kintu kya njuyi ttaano. Okusinga gakubibwa abantu basatu. Abakubi babiri batuula nga buli omu atunudde mu munne ne bakugakuba mu ngeri ekwatagana ku misinde egy'awaggulu. Tegaba na nsaasi oba ddoboozi lyonna lisaala, nga zino z'embeera ebbiri ez'amadinda mangi aga Afirica. Amadinda kyali kivuga kikulu mu kkooti y’obwakabaka bwa Buganda, obwakabaka obusangibwa mu Uganda. Ekika ky’empulikika eky’enjawulo kati kikozesebwa ku madinda gano, nga kirimu ennamba n'ebiseera. nga bwe kiri ne ku madinda agayitibwa '''embaire''', nga kino kika ekisibuka mu bukiikaddyo bwa [[Yuganda|Uganda]].<ref name="britannica1" /> ==== Balo ==== '''''Balo''''' ( '''''balenjeh''''', '''''behlanjeh''''' ) kino kika ekikozesebwa mu bantu b’e Mandinka mu maserengeta ga Africa. Ebisumuluzo byakyo biteekebwa ku nsaasi, era kikubwa n'obuti nga bulina emitwe emikole mu labba. Abakubi bakyo batera okwambala mu ngalo obude obwekyuma ku mikono gyabwe busobole okuvaamu amaloboozi nga nwe bakuba. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 November 2004 |title=The Behlanjeh, the national musical instrument of the Mandingos |url=https://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/1240 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070627205236/http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/1240 |archive-date=27 June 2007 |publisher=Royal Commonwealth Society Library. Cambridge University Library. University of Cambridge}}</ref> === Amadinda G'abazungu === [[File:Xylophone-Antonko-AXF09-Marimba-Antonko-AMC12.jpg|left|thumb|Xylophone y’abayimbi (ku kkono) ne marimba (ku ddyo) .]] Okusooka okwogerwako kw'amadinda mu Bulaaya kwali mu kitabo kya Arnolt Schlick ekya ''Spiegel der Orgelmacher und Organisten'' (1511), gye gyitibwa ''hültze glechter'' ("okuwuuma kw'embaawo"). <ref name="VSL">{{Cite web |title=History{{Snd}} The world of wooden mallet instruments |url=https://vsl.co.at/en/Xylophone/History |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430183151/https://www.vsl.co.at/en/Xylophone/History |archive-date=30 April 2018 |access-date=2011-11-01 |website=Vsl.co.at |publisher=Vienna Symphonic Library}}</ref> Waliwo ennyinnyonnyola endala ezikwata ku kivuga kino, wadde ng'ekigambo "amadinda" tekyakozesebwa okutuuka mu myaka gya 1860. Ekivuga kino kyali kikwatagana nnyo n'ennyimba z'ekinnansi ez'amasekkati ga Bulaaya, naddala mu Poland n'obuvanjuba bwa Bugirimaani. Ekika ekyasooka kyali mu [[Slovakia]] <ref name="Nettl MPC" /> : 98. Ekivuga ekyali kisimbuddwa mu kkyo kyajjira mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’ena. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Xylophone |url=http://www.concertgoersguide.org/onstage/instruments/thexylophone.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070813000208/http://www.concertgoersguide.org/onstage/instruments/thexylophone.php |archive-date=13 August 2007 |access-date=5 June 2015 |website=Concertgoersguide.org |publisher=Oregon Symphony Players Association}}</ref> Okusooka okukozesa amadinda mu kibiina ky'abayimbi n'abakubi b'ebivuga Abazungu kwali mu Camille Saint-Saëns’ ''Danse Macabre'', mu 1874. <ref name="made" /> Mu kiseera ekyo, ekivuga kino kyali kyamanyizibwa dda Michael Josef Gusikov okutuuka ku ddaala erimu, nga ekivuga ekikye kyali ky'amadinda agaalina enkuubo ettaano agaakolebwa mu mbaawo 28 nga zisengekeddwa mu ngeri ya semitones mu ngeri ya trapezoid era nga zitudde ziwaniriddwa obuntu obulinda obuseke. Tewaaliwo byongera ku maloboozi era nga gakubibwa mangu n’obuti owali bufaanana ng’ejiiko. Okusinziira ku mukugu mu by’ennyimba Curt Sachs, Gusikov yayimbira mu bivvulu by’omu bifo awawummulirwa, mu ndaga ez’enjawulo, era ng’ekikolwa eky'enjawulo mu bivvulu eby'amaloboozi. Amadinda g'omu bazungu gaakozesebwanga bbandi za jjaazi ezaasooka ne mu [[:en:Vaudeville|vaudeville]] . Eddoboozi lyago eriwulikika obulungi lyakolanga bulungi mu nnyimba z’emyaka gya 1920 ne 1930. Red Norvo, George Cary, George Hamilton Green, Teddy Brown, Harry Breuer ne Harry Robbins be bamu ku bakubi baago abaali bamanyiddwa ennyo. Ekiseera bwe kyagenda kiyitawo, amadinga gano wajjawo ekika ky'ekivuga ekiyitibwa metal-key vibraphone, eky'agayitako mu kwatiikirira nga kino kyakolebwa mu myaka gya 1920. Ekika ky'amadinda gyegagenda gakendeera gaafuuka marimba era ne gayitibwa xylorimba . Mu kugaba obubonero mu bivuga, amadinda oba xylophone esobola okwogerwako Abafalansa aba ''claquebois'', Abagirimaani aba ''Holzharmonika'' (mu bufunze "ekivuga eky'embaawo"), oba ''Silofono'' mu Yitale. Shostakovich yali ayagala nnyo ekivuga kino; kirina emirimu egy’amaanyi mu mirimu gye mingi, omuli n’ennyimba ze ezisinga obungi eza symphony ne Cello Concerto No. 2 ye. Xylophone era ekola kinene mu mazina ga Khachaturian aga Sabre Dance . Abazannyi ba xylophone ab’omulembe guno kuliko Bob Becker, Evelyn Glennie ne Ian Finkel. Mu Amerika, waliyo bbandi za marimba ez’e Zimbabwe ezisinga obungi mu Pacific Northwest, Colorado, ne New Mexico, okusinga bbandi ziriyo okuva ku lubalama lw’ebugwanjuba okuyita mu California n’okutuuka e Hawaii ne Alaska. Omukolo omukulu mu ekitundu gwe gwa ZimFest, ekivvulu ky’ennyimba eky'abantu abava mu Zimbabwe ekitegekebwa buli mwaka. Bbandi zino zirina ebivuga okuva ku soprano eya waggulu, okutuuka ku soprano eya wansi, tenor, baritone ne bass. Eby'ongera ku maloboozi bitera okukolebwa nga birina obutuli obubikkiddwa ne cellophane omutono (efaananako ne balafon ) okusobola okutuuka ku ddoboozi erisaala. Amazina n'ennyimba n'ebiragibwa ebirala ebya bbandi za Amerika bitera okuba n’okukwatagana okunene, olw’okuba nga biva wa muntu omu omuyimbi Omuzimbabwe ayitibwa Dumisani Maraire, eyali omuntu omukulu eyasooka okuleeta ennyimba ezo eza Zimbabwe mu mawanga g’Obugwanjuba, ng’ajja mu Yunivasite y’e Washington mu 1968. == Enkozesa yaago mu by’enjigiriza eby'awansi == [[File:Tres_xilófonos.JPG|thumb|Amadinda asatu aga Orff-Schulwerk ez’enjawulo.]] Abasomesa b'ebivuga n'ennyimba bangi ku nnyimba bakozesa ebyuma ebiyitibwa amadinda ng’ekintu eky’okukozesa mu kibiina okuyamba abaana okukula mu nnyimba. Enkola emu emanyiddwa olw’okukozesa ebyuma ebiyitibwa xylophones ye Orff-Schulwerk, egatta enkozesa y’ebivuga, entambula, okuyimba n’okwogera okutumbula obusobozi bw’abaana mu kuyimba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=American Orff-Schulwerk Association |url=http://www.aosa.org/ |access-date=2011-11-01 |publisher=Aosa.org}}</ref> Amadinda agakozesebwa mu bibiina by’ennyimba ez’enjawulo mu Amerika matono, nga octaves, okusinga oba okusingawo octave range y'amadinda ezikola. Amadinda ga bass gakyukakyuka erra enjawulo zino ziwandiikibwa okuva ku middle C okutuuka ku A octave waggulu naye nga ziwulikika octave emu wansi okusinga ku ziwandiikiddwa. Ennyiriri za alto ziwandiikibwa okuva ku C wakati okutuuka ku A octave waggulu era ziwulikika nga bwe ziwandiikiddwa. Ennyiriri za soprano ziwandiikibwa okuva ku C wakati okutuuka ku A octave emu waggulu naye nga ziwulikika octave emu waggulu okusinga eziwandiikiddwa.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Keetman |first=Gunild |year=1958 |title=Orff-Schulwerk Music for Children |last2=Orff |first2=Carl |publisher=Schott & Co. Ltd. |location=London |translator-last=Margaret Murray}}</ref> Okusinziira ku Andrew Tracey, aga marimbas gaayingizibwa mu Zimbabwe mu 1960.<ref name="ATracey History" /> Marimba ag'e Zimbabwe geesigamiziddwa ku nnyimba z’Abashona era nago gafuuse ga ttutumu mu mawanga g’obugwanjuba, agaatwala enkozesa y’ebivuga bino mu kusooka okukuba ebiwandiiko by’ennyimba gwa mbira dzavadzimu (nga kw’otadde ''n’ennyimba za nyunga nyunga'' ne ''matepe'' ). Ebiwandiiko bino ebisooka mu kusooka byali bikozesebwa mu kusomesa ennyimba mu Zimbabwe. Ebivuga by’e Zimbabwe bitera okuba mu minzaani ya diatonic C major, ekibisobozesa okukubirwa ne mbira ‘western-tuned’ (G nyamaropa), oluusi nga kwongerako ekisumuluzo kya F ♯ ekiteekeddwa mu layini. == Laba ne == * Amayinja g'ennyimba aga Skiddaw * [[Taroko Tatuk|Taroko Tatuk, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo]] == Ebijuliziddwa == == Ebijuliziddwa mu bulambalamba == *   * {{Cite book |last=Paco |first=Celso |year=2000 |title=World Music, Vol. 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East |publisher=Rough Guides Ltd., Penguin Books |isbn=1-85828-636-0 |editor-last=Broughton |editor-first=Simon |pages=579–584 |chapter=A Luta Continua |editor-last2=Ellingham |editor-first2=Mark |editor-last3=McConnachie |editor-first3=James |editor-last4=Duane |editor-first4=Orla}} * {{Cite book |last=Tracey |first=Hugh |author-link=Hugh Tracey |year=1948 |title=Chopi Musicians: their Music, Poetry, and Instruments |url=https://archive.org/details/chopimusiciansth0000trac |publisher=International African Institute and Oxford University Press |isbn=9780197241820 |edition=1970 |location=London |url-access=registration}} *   == Ebijuliziddwa ebweru wa Wikipedia == *   pdftybhgh5u6qqiztbz3sz5dc75ckpf Matilda Lambert 0 12746 74383 52022 2026-09-10T04:51:27Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 74383 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Matilda Gogo Lambert''' muzannyi wa firimu Omunigeria,<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=16 March 2019 |title=Nude Pix Saga: How Couple Fleeced Nollywood Actress |url=https://pmexpressng.com/nude-pix-saga-couple-fleeced-nollywood-actress/ |access-date=12 January 2022 |website=P.M.EXPRESS |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=4 April 2022|title=Matilda Lambert educates students on environment, gives scholarship|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/04/matilda-lambert-educates-students-on-environment-gives-scholarship/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=20 July 2022|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> pulodyusa wa firimu, nnalulungi, era y'akulira kkampuni ya Tilda Goes Green Foundation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2018 |title=All set as Matilda Lambert premiers new movie, InstaGuru |url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/all-set-as-matilda-lambert-premiers-new-movie-instaguru/ |access-date=12 January 2022 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |last=Isesele |first=Osaze |date=8 December 2020 |title=Matilda Lambert Shines Bright At Best Of Nollywood Awards 2020 - REPORT AFRIQUE International |url=https://reportafrique.com/entertainment/matilda-lambert-shines-bright-at-best-of-nollywood-awards-2020/ |access-date=12 January 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dailytrust News, Sports and Business, Politics {{!}} Dailytrust |url=https://dailytrust.com/ |access-date=12 January 2022 |website=Daily Trust |language=en}}</ref> Yasooka kuzannya mu firimu ya ''The Celebrity'' ng'ali wamu ne [[Mike Ezuruonye]]. Ekifo kye yazannya mu firimu eno kyamufuula ow’ettutumu era n’afuna ebifo by'okumwanjo mu firimu endala eza [[Nollywood]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=1 April 2017|title=Matilda Lambert, Majid Michel go for broke in 'Deepest Cut'|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/04/matilda-lambert-majid-michel-go-broke-deepest-cut/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=12 January 2022|newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo n'obuyigirize == Matilda Gogo Lambert yazaalibwa nga 13 Ogwokuna era n'akulira mu kibuga [[Port Harcourt]]. Ono ava mu [[Andoni]] mu [[Rivers State|ssaza ly'e Rivers]].<ref name="auto"/> Lambert yatandika okusoma ku ssomero lya Police Children Primary School, siniya yagisomera mu [[Federal Government Girls' College, Abuloma|Federal Government Girls’ College, Abuloma]] mu Port Harcourt. Yasomera ku [[University of Abuja|yunivasite y’e Abuja]] diguli ya Philosopy ate n'afuna diguli eyookubiri mu Philosophy w'embeera z'abantu okuva mu [[University of Nigeria, Nsukka|yunivasite y’e Nigeria, Nsukka]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 November 2019 |title=I stopped attending auditions after director demanded sex — Matilda Lambert |url=https://punchng.com/i-stopped-attending-auditions-after-director-demanded-sex-matilda-lambert/ |website=Punch Newspapers}}</ref> == Obukugu == Lambert yatandika okuzannya katemba mu mwaka gwe ogwokubiri ku yunivasite bwe yazannya mu firimu ya ''The Celebrity'' ng'ali wamu ne Mike Ezuruonye. Engeri gy'eyazannya mu firimu eno kyamututumula era n’atandika okuzannya mu firimu endala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Akosubo |first=Tokoni |date=11 November 2019 |title=Actress Matilda Lambert Speaks on Sexual Advances by A Director |url=https://www.eelive.ng/matilda-lambert-shares-sexual-harassment-story/ |access-date=12 January 2022 |website=eelive |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 2020, yafulumya firimu, ''[[Unroyal]]''<ref>{{Cite web |last=sandeep_ops |title=Unroyal on Netflix |url=https://www.binged.com/streaming-premiere-dates/unroyal/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250426022727/https://www.binged.com/streaming-premiere-dates/unroyal/ |archive-date=26 April 2025 |access-date=12 January 2022 |website=Binged |language=en-US}}</ref> mwe yazannyira mu kifo ekikulu nga Omumbejja Boma.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 March 2020 |title=UNROYAL |url=https://genesiscinemas.com/unroyal/ |access-date=12 January 2022 |website=Genesis Cinemas |language=en-US |archive-date=20 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120225929/https://genesiscinemas.com/unroyal/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Firimu eno yasooka kulagibwa mu Gwokusatu 2020 era n’efulumizibwa ku [[Netflix]] mu Gwomunaana mu mwaka gwe gumu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch Unroyal {{!}} Netflix |url=https://www.netflix.com/title/81435717 |access-date=12 January 2022 |website=www.netflix.com |language=en}}</ref> Firimu eno yawangula engule ya "Best Use of Costume in a Movie" ne "Movie With the Best Sound" mu mpaka za [[2020 Best of Nollywood Awards]].<ref name="auto1"/> Ebirala bye yakola okutuuka mu 2022 mulimu ''Deepest Cut'', ''Instaguru'' ne ''Kendra''. Addukanyizibwa Adenekan Mayowa.<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=February 25, 2022|title=Actress Lambert Hires 'Mayorspeaks' As New Manager|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/actress-lambert-hires-mayorspeaks-as-new-manager/amp/|location=Lagos, Nigeria|newspaper=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en}}</ref> == Okuzannya firimu == * Blood ''Vessel'' (2023) as Onyi's Mum * ''Stay Dead'' (2022) * ''Kendra'' (2021) as Kendra * ''Star Girl'' (2021) as Lilian * ''More Than a Moment'' (2020) as Steph * ''Ebere's Ordeal'' (2020) as Ozioma * ''[[Unroyal]]'' (2020) as Princess Boma * ''The Engagement'' (2016) as Joy * ''Ogbanta the Family Hunter'' (2015) as Amaka * ''Beauty of the Mind'' (2014) as Presenter 1 * ''Jackie Goes to School'' (2014) as Princess * T''he Celebrities'' * ''My Best Friend'' * ''From House Girl to Madam'' * ''My Virginity'' * ''Amanda'' == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> dyc1tionmxqryiqeogcq76ku3amveum Bulasio Mukasa 0 12915 74365 73375 2026-09-10T00:11:48Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 74365 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zambaali Bulasio Mukasa''' Munnayuganda, [[omusomi w'amawulire]], era omukugu mu by'empuliziganya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.watchdoguganda.com/news/20190723/72959/nbs-poaches-news-anchor-mukasa-zambali-from-bbs.html|title=Nbs poaches news anchor Mukasa Zambali from BBS|date=July 23, 2019}}</ref><ref name="auto32">{{Cite web|url=http://www.sunrise.ug/news/201907/nbs-poaches-cbs-terefayinas-zambaali.html|title=NBS poaches CBS/Terefayina's Zambaali – Sunrise|first=Sunrise|last=Reporter|date=23 July 2019}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/my-grandmother-taught-me-luganda-zambaali-1858374|title=My grandmother taught me Luganda – Zambaali|date=January 8, 2021|website=Daily Monitor}}</ref> Mu Gwolubereberye 2026, yalondebwa okuba Omubaka wa Palamenti owa Munisipaali ye Nansana mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey’omulundi ogw’ekkumi n’ebiri, ng’ayitira ku bbendera y’ekibiina kya [[National Unity Platform]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter|date=2026-01-19|title=List: NUP MPs who Made It to Twelfth Parliament|url=https://dailystar.co.ug/list-nup-mps-who-made-it-to-twelfth-parliament/|access-date=2026-01-22|website=Daily Star|language=en-US}}</ref> Yakulemberanga amawulire g’Olunganda Amasengejje, era n’aba omukwanaganya wa pulogulaamu y’okukubaganya ebirowoozo mu Luganda eyitibwa Barometer (Akasameeme) ku [[NBS Television (Uganda)|NBS Television mu Uganda]], okuva mu 2019 okutuuka mu 2025.<ref name="auto43">{{Cite web|url=https://www.spyuganda.com/nbs-tv-fish-zambaali-blasio-mukasa-from-bbs-terefayina/|title=NBS TV Poaches Zambaali Blasio Mukasa from BBS Terefayina|date=23 July 2019}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2019/07/nbs-strikes-again-poaches-bbs-tv-anchor.html|title=NBS strikes again, poaches BBS TV Anchor|date=July 23, 2019}}</ref> == Ebimufaako n'okusoma kwe == Zambaali yazaalibwa omugenzi John Wilson Segawole ne Florence Sarah Nakalembe Namusisi. Yakula ne jjajjaawe Asinansi Nasimbwa e Mugomola mu Semuto.<ref name="auto1" /> Yatuula ebigezo bye ebyakamalirizo ku ddaala erya pulayimale mu ssomero lya Kijaguzo Primary School. Mu mwaka gwa 2002, yamaliriza [[omutendera gwa siniya ey'okuna]] mu ssomero lya St. Denis Sebugwawo Kijaguzo Secondary School era n’amaliriza [[ebigezo ebya siniya ey'omukaaga]] mu Kazo Hill College School Kampala mu 2004. Yasoma diguli esooka mu by’obulambuzi okuva mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]] kyokka n’atagimaliriza (2005–2007). Yatikkirwa dipilooma mu by'amawulire n'empuliziganya mu mwaka gwa 2011 okuva ku UMCAT School of Journalism and Mass Communication.<ref name="auto2" /> Era alina diguli esooka mu by’enkolagana n’abantu okuva mu Yunivasite y’e Ndejje.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Byemboijana |first=Muhamadi |date=29 July 2019 |title=Muyanga Lutaaya to replace Zambali at BBS Telefayina – Sunrise |url=http://www.sunrise.ug/gossip/201907/muyanga-lutaaya-to-replace-zambali-at-bbs-telefayina.html}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Yatandika omulimu gwe ogw'obusasi bw'amawulire ku Tiger FM ng'[[omusomi w'amawulire]] era omwanjuzi wa pulogulaamu okuva mu 2007 okutuuka mu 2008.<ref name="auto32" /> Okuva olwo, yaweereza ng'omusomi w'amawulire era omwanjuzi wa pulogulaamu ku mikutu gy'amawulire egy'enjawulo, omuli Metro FM 90.8 (2008–2011), ne Beat FM ne Capital FM (2011–2012), gye yakolera ng'omusomi w'amawulire era [[omuweereza w'amawulire]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://businessfocus.co.ug/nbs-tv-unveils-news-anchor-zambaali-bulasio-mukasa/|title=NBS TV Unveils News Anchor Zambaali Bulasio Mukasa » Business Focus|date=July 23, 2019}}</ref> Mu Gwomunaana 2012, yegatta ku leediyo za CBS FM Buganda 88.8 ne CBS FM Emmanduso 89.2&nbsp;ng’omwanjula wa pulogulaamu, omuduumizi w’emboozi z’oku mpewo era omusomi w’amawulire mu pulogulaamu nga Ag’Okumpi Newala, Tumutendereze, ne Ebifa mu Nsi n’Obwengula (2012–2020).<ref name="auto62">{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z3SBVQX1m3U|title=ZAMBAALI BULASIO MUKASA _ When time comes, I will speak the truth why I left CBS FM #Extradigestshow|date=14 September 2021|via=www.youtube.com}}</ref><ref name="auto82">{{Cite web|url=https://flashugnews.com/zambaali-bulasio-mukasa-biography-education-and-life-of-a-ugandan-male-tv-radio-personality/|title=Zambaali Bulasio Mukasa: Biography, Education and Life of a Ugandan Male TV/Radio Personality|first=Flash|last=Uganda|date=December 1, 2019|website=Flash Uganda Media}}</ref> Wakati wa 2016 ne mu Gwomusanvu 2019,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blizz.co.ug/277/NBS-TV-Snatches-BBS-TVs-Zambali-Bulasio-Luganda-News-Caster|title=NBS TV Snatches BBS TV's Zambali Bulasio Luganda News Caster|website=blizz.co.ug}}</ref> Zambaali yaweereza ng'omusomi w'amawulire era omuduumizi wa pulogulaamu ez'ebyobufuzi ku [[BBS Terefayina]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=News |first=Grapevine |date=July 25, 2019 |title=How Greedy Men Are Failing Kabaka Radio And TV: We Are Paid Peanuts And It Comes Late, The Bosses Are Running Away With Sacks – Zambali Departure From BBS TV To Nbs Exposes Rot At Bulange |url=https://www.thegrapevine.co.ug/how-greedy-men-are-failing-kabaka-radio-and-tv-we-are-paid-peanuts-and-it-comes-late-the-bosses-are-running-away-with-sacks-zambali-departure-from-bbs-tv-to-nbs-exposes-rot-at-bulange/ |website=Grapevine News |access-date=April 18, 2026 |archive-date=May 22, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522213519/https://www.thegrapevine.co.ug/how-greedy-men-are-failing-kabaka-radio-and-tv-we-are-paid-peanuts-and-it-comes-late-the-bosses-are-running-away-with-sacks-zambali-departure-from-bbs-tv-to-nbs-exposes-rot-at-bulange/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="auto52">{{Cite web |title=Meet Zambaali Bulasio Mukasa's Family, Amazing Facts You Didn't Know About the Deep Voiced Caster |url=https://blizz.co.ug/5355/Meet-Zambaali-Bulasio-Mukasas-Family-Amazing-Facts-You-Didnt-Know-About-the-Deep-Voiced-Caster |website=blizz.co.ug}}</ref> Zambaali yeegatta ku [[NBS Television (Uganda)]] mu mwezi ogw'omunaana omwaka gwa 2019&nbsp;ng’omusomi w’amawulire Amasengejje.<ref name="auto43" /><ref name="auto52" /> era ng'omukubiriza wa pulogulaamu y'emboozi ''Barometer – Akaasameeme'', pulogulaamu ey'ensonga z'eggwanga mu Luganda, ewerezebwa buli Lwakubiri ku ssaawa 4:00 ez'ekiro (22:00 EAT) ku [[NBS Television (Uganda)|NBS Television]].<ref name="auto" /><ref name="auto72">{{Cite web |date=July 24, 2019 |title=NBS TV Snatches Another Media Personality From BBS TV |url=https://newslexpoint.com/nbs-tv-snatches-media-personality/ |website=Newslex Point |access-date=April 18, 2026 |archive-date=January 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220130185841/https://newslexpoint.com/nbs-tv-snatches-media-personality/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ebirala ebikulu == Wakati w'omwaka gwa 2005 ne 2010, Zambaali yaweereza ng’omusomesa wa banne mu Kiyita Alliance for Development, Nabweru Orphan Support Project, Makerere Women Development Association era nga Ssentebe wa Nabweru Youth Health Club, era nga omuwandiisi wa Nansana Youth Parish.<ref name="auto72" /><ref name="auto2" /> Okuva mu mwaka gwa 2020, Zambaali akola nga Pulezidenti w’ekibiina ekigatta bannamawulire mu kkanisa ya Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 8, 2013 |title=CBS news caster Zambali rumored to join NTV |url=https://bigeye.ug/cbs-news-caster-zambali-rumored-to-join-ntv/}}</ref> Ye dayirekita wa Zabama Investment Limited kampuni eteekateeka embaga.<ref name="auto62" /> == Obulamu bwe == Zambaali mufumbo era alina abaana basatu.<ref name="auto1" /><ref name="auto82" /> Mu myaka gya 2018 ne 2019, yaweebwa engule ya Dan Kyazze ey’omuweereza w’amawulire ku leediyo y’Oluganda asinga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 November 2015 |title=Media Challenge Awards Winners 2015 |url=https://bigeye.ug/media-challenge-awards-winners-2015/}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[NBS Television (Uganda)]] * [[BBS Terefayina]] * [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]] * [[National Unity Platform]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20211028235838/https://www.hot100.ug/index.php/2019/07/30/nbs-tv-and-bbs-terefayina-in-counterattack-war-for-journalists/] {{DEFAULTSORT:Bulasio Mukasa, Zambaali}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Makerere University]] [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi n'ebbiri]] [[Category:Buganda]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi ba National Unity Platform]] [[Category:Abantu abava mu Disitulikiti y'a Kampala]] [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1986]] [[Category:Bannamawulire ab'ekyasa ky'abiri mu kimu]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abamanyiddwa ku ttivvi]] gyqj3jadui6mvw1jcdjfseith338bsu Template:Strong 10 13353 74263 2017-09-16T03:10:40Z en>Matt Fitzpatrick 0 added role parameter and attribute 74263 wikitext text/x-wiki <strong {{#if:{{{role|}}}|role="{{{role}}}"}} {{#if:{{{class|}}}|class="{{{class}}}"}} {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id="{{{id}}}"}} {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}} {{#if:{{{title|}}}|title="{{{title}}}"}}>{{{1}}}</strong><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> jhbv1h6fd9kjc1d4eovhzvnxrpqq09r 74264 50397 2026-09-09T16:22:15Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Template:Strong]]: Importing Orphan Template 50397 wikitext text/x-wiki <strong {{#if:{{{role|}}}|role="{{{role}}}"}} {{#if:{{{class|}}}|class="{{{class}}}"}} {{#if:{{{id|}}}|id="{{{id}}}"}} {{#if:{{{style|}}}|style="{{{style}}}"}} {{#if:{{{title|}}}|title="{{{title}}}"}}>{{{1}}}</strong><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> jhbv1h6fd9kjc1d4eovhzvnxrpqq09r Template:Twinkle standard installation 10 13415 74291 2025-12-29T01:02:32Z en>Steel1943 0 Apparently Twinkle has a new logo 74291 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mbox | image = [[File:Twinkle logo.svg|50x40px|alt=Logo of Twinkle|link=]] | text = Any [[Template:Twinkle standard installation#"Breaking changes"|breaking changes]] to this template, including moving it or nominating it for deletion, {{strong|must be communicated in advance}} to [[Wikipedia:Twinkle|Twinkle]]'s users and maintainers at [[Wikipedia talk:Twinkle]]. The standard installation of Twinkle relies on this template. Thank you.{{#if:{{{1|}}}|<br> {{{1}}}}}}}<includeonly>{{#if:{{{nocat|}}}||{{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|[[Category:Templates used by Twinkle|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}}<!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --></noinclude> n3w4a7frflh3vhrxeyq51em6fbi1qhm 74292 50471 2026-09-09T16:22:17Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Template:Twinkle_standard_installation]]: Importing Orphan Template 50471 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mbox | image = [[File:Twinkle logo.svg|50x40px|alt=Logo of Twinkle|link=]] | text = Any [[Template:Twinkle standard installation#"Breaking changes"|breaking changes]] to this template, including moving it or nominating it for deletion, {{strong|must be communicated in advance}} to [[Wikipedia:Twinkle|Twinkle]]'s users and maintainers at [[Wikipedia talk:Twinkle]]. The standard installation of Twinkle relies on this template. Thank you.{{#if:{{{1|}}}|<br> {{{1}}}}}}}<includeonly>{{#if:{{{nocat|}}}||{{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|[[Category:Templates used by Twinkle|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}}<!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --></noinclude> n3w4a7frflh3vhrxeyq51em6fbi1qhm Module:Delink 828 13436 74245 2024-02-17T04:47:33Z en>Pppery 0 Changed protection settings for "[[Module:Delink]]": Dependency of fully-protected (and on [[WP:CASC]]) [[Template:Fix]] ([Edit=Require administrator access] (indefinite) [Move=Require administrator access] (indefinite)) 74245 Scribunto text/plain -- This module de-links most wikitext. require("strict") local p = {} local getArgs local function delinkReversePipeTrick(s) if s:match("^%[%[|.*[|\n]") then -- Check for newlines or multiple pipes. return s end return s:match("%[%[|(.*)%]%]") end local function delinkPipeTrick(s) -- We need to deal with colons, brackets, and commas, per [[Help:Pipe trick]]. -- First, remove the text before the first colon, if any. if s:match(":") then s = s:match("%[%[.-:(.*)|%]%]") -- If there are no colons, grab all of the text apart from the square brackets and the pipe. else s = s:match("%[%[(.*)|%]%]") end -- Next up, brackets and commas. if s:match("%(.-%)$") then -- Brackets trump commas. s = s:match("(.-) ?%(.-%)$") elseif s:match(",") then -- If there are no brackets, display only the text before the first comma. s = s:match("(.-),.*$") end return s end -- Return wikilink target |wikilinks=target local function getDelinkedTarget(s) local result = s -- Deal with the reverse pipe trick. if result:match("%[%[|") then return delinkReversePipeTrick(result) end result = mw.uri.decode(result, "PATH") -- decode percent-encoded entities. Leave underscores and plus signs. result = mw.text.decode(result, true) -- decode HTML entities. -- Check for bad titles. To do this we need to find the -- title area of the link, i.e. the part before any pipes. local target_area if result:match("|") then -- Find if we're dealing with a piped link. target_area = result:match("^%[%[(.-)|.*%]%]") else target_area = result:match("^%[%[(.-)%]%]") end -- Check for bad characters. if mw.ustring.match(target_area, "[%[%]<>{}%%%c\n]") and mw.ustring.match(target_area, "[%[%]<>{}%%%c\n]") ~= "?" then return s end return target_area end local function getDelinkedLabel(s) local result = s -- Deal with the reverse pipe trick. if result:match("%[%[|") then return delinkReversePipeTrick(result) end result = mw.uri.decode(result, "PATH") -- decode percent-encoded entities. Leave underscores and plus signs. result = mw.text.decode(result, true) -- decode HTML entities. -- Check for bad titles. To do this we need to find the -- title area of the link, i.e. the part before any pipes. local target_area if result:match("|") then -- Find if we're dealing with a piped link. target_area = result:match("^%[%[(.-)|.*%]%]") else target_area = result:match("^%[%[(.-)%]%]") end -- Check for bad characters. if mw.ustring.match(target_area, "[%[%]<>{}%%%c\n]") and mw.ustring.match(target_area, "[%[%]<>{}%%%c\n]") ~= "?" then return s end -- Check for categories, interwikis, and files. local colon_prefix = result:match("%[%[(.-):.*%]%]") or "" -- Get the text before the first colon. local ns = mw.site.namespaces[colon_prefix] -- see if this is a known namespace if mw.language.isKnownLanguageTag(colon_prefix) or (ns and (ns.canonicalName == "File" or ns.canonicalName == "Category")) then return "" end -- Remove the colon if the link is using the [[Help:Colon trick]]. if result:match("%[%[:") then result = "[[" .. result:match("%[%[:(.*%]%])") end -- Deal with links using the [[Help:Pipe trick]]. if mw.ustring.match(result, "^%[%[[^|]*|%]%]") then return delinkPipeTrick(result) end -- Find the display area of the wikilink if result:match("|") then -- Find if we're dealing with a piped link. result = result:match("^%[%[.-|(.+)%]%]") -- Remove new lines from the display of multiline piped links, -- where the pipe is before the first new line. result = result:gsub("\n", "") else result = result:match("^%[%[(.-)%]%]") end return result end local function delinkURL(s) -- Assume we have already delinked internal wikilinks, and that -- we have been passed some text between two square brackets [foo]. -- If the text contains a line break it is not formatted as a URL, regardless of other content. if s:match("\n") then return s end -- Check if the text has a valid URL prefix and at least one valid URL character. local valid_url_prefixes = {"//", "http://", "https://", "ftp://", "gopher://", "mailto:", "news:", "irc://"} local url_prefix for _ ,v in ipairs(valid_url_prefixes) do if mw.ustring.match(s, '^%[' .. v ..'[^"%s].*%]' ) then url_prefix = v break end end -- Get display text if not url_prefix then return s end s = s:match("^%[" .. url_prefix .. "(.*)%]") -- Grab all of the text after the URL prefix and before the final square bracket. s = s:match('^.-(["<> ].*)') or "" -- Grab all of the text after the first URL separator character ("<> ). s = mw.ustring.match(s, "^%s*(%S.*)$") or "" -- If the separating character was a space, trim it off. local s_decoded = mw.text.decode(s, true) if mw.ustring.match(s_decoded, "%c") then return s end return s_decoded end local function delinkLinkClass(text, pattern, delinkFunction) if type(text) ~= "string" then error("Attempt to de-link non-string input.", 2) end if type(pattern) ~= "string" or mw.ustring.sub(pattern, 1, 1) ~= "^" then error('Invalid pattern detected. Patterns must begin with "^".', 2) end -- Iterate over the text string, and replace any matched text. using the -- delink function. We need to iterate character by character rather -- than just use gsub, otherwise nested links aren't detected properly. local result = "" while text ~= "" do -- Replace text using one iteration of gsub. text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, pattern, delinkFunction, 1) -- Append the left-most character to the result string. result = result .. mw.ustring.sub(text, 1, 1) text = mw.ustring.sub(text, 2, -1) end return result end function p._delink(args) local text = args[1] or "" if args.refs == "yes" then -- Remove any [[Help:Strip markers]] representing ref tags. In most situations -- this is not a good idea - only use it if you know what you are doing! text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "UNIQ%w*%-ref%-%d*%-QINU", "") end if args.comments ~= "no" then text = text:gsub("<!%-%-.-%-%->", "") -- Remove html comments. end if args.wikilinks ~= "no" and args.wikilinks ~= "target" then -- De-link wikilinks and return the label portion of the wikilink. text = delinkLinkClass(text, "^%[%[.-%]%]", getDelinkedLabel) elseif args.wikilinks == "target" then -- De-link wikilinks and return the target portions of the wikilink. text = delinkLinkClass(text, "^%[%[.-%]%]", getDelinkedTarget) end if args.urls ~= "no" then text = delinkLinkClass(text, "^%[.-%]", delinkURL) -- De-link URLs. end if args.whitespace ~= "no" then -- Replace single new lines with a single space, but leave double new lines -- and new lines only containing spaces or tabs before a second new line. text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "([^\n \t][ \t]*)\n([ \t]*[^\n \t])", "%1 %2") text = text:gsub("[ \t]+", " ") -- Remove extra tabs and spaces. end return text end function p.delink(frame) if not getArgs then getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs end return p._delink(getArgs(frame, {wrappers = 'Template:Delink'})) end return p ap0hgbdtouyp0g9x21nujuwhyky0459 74246 50494 2026-09-09T16:22:15Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Module:Delink]]: Importing Orphan Template 50494 Scribunto text/plain -- This module de-links most wikitext. require("strict") local p = {} local getArgs local function delinkReversePipeTrick(s) if s:match("^%[%[|.*[|\n]") then -- Check for newlines or multiple pipes. return s end return s:match("%[%[|(.*)%]%]") end local function delinkPipeTrick(s) -- We need to deal with colons, brackets, and commas, per [[Help:Pipe trick]]. -- First, remove the text before the first colon, if any. if s:match(":") then s = s:match("%[%[.-:(.*)|%]%]") -- If there are no colons, grab all of the text apart from the square brackets and the pipe. else s = s:match("%[%[(.*)|%]%]") end -- Next up, brackets and commas. if s:match("%(.-%)$") then -- Brackets trump commas. s = s:match("(.-) ?%(.-%)$") elseif s:match(",") then -- If there are no brackets, display only the text before the first comma. s = s:match("(.-),.*$") end return s end -- Return wikilink target |wikilinks=target local function getDelinkedTarget(s) local result = s -- Deal with the reverse pipe trick. if result:match("%[%[|") then return delinkReversePipeTrick(result) end result = mw.uri.decode(result, "PATH") -- decode percent-encoded entities. Leave underscores and plus signs. result = mw.text.decode(result, true) -- decode HTML entities. -- Check for bad titles. To do this we need to find the -- title area of the link, i.e. the part before any pipes. local target_area if result:match("|") then -- Find if we're dealing with a piped link. target_area = result:match("^%[%[(.-)|.*%]%]") else target_area = result:match("^%[%[(.-)%]%]") end -- Check for bad characters. if mw.ustring.match(target_area, "[%[%]<>{}%%%c\n]") and mw.ustring.match(target_area, "[%[%]<>{}%%%c\n]") ~= "?" then return s end return target_area end local function getDelinkedLabel(s) local result = s -- Deal with the reverse pipe trick. if result:match("%[%[|") then return delinkReversePipeTrick(result) end result = mw.uri.decode(result, "PATH") -- decode percent-encoded entities. Leave underscores and plus signs. result = mw.text.decode(result, true) -- decode HTML entities. -- Check for bad titles. To do this we need to find the -- title area of the link, i.e. the part before any pipes. local target_area if result:match("|") then -- Find if we're dealing with a piped link. target_area = result:match("^%[%[(.-)|.*%]%]") else target_area = result:match("^%[%[(.-)%]%]") end -- Check for bad characters. if mw.ustring.match(target_area, "[%[%]<>{}%%%c\n]") and mw.ustring.match(target_area, "[%[%]<>{}%%%c\n]") ~= "?" then return s end -- Check for categories, interwikis, and files. local colon_prefix = result:match("%[%[(.-):.*%]%]") or "" -- Get the text before the first colon. local ns = mw.site.namespaces[colon_prefix] -- see if this is a known namespace if mw.language.isKnownLanguageTag(colon_prefix) or (ns and (ns.canonicalName == "File" or ns.canonicalName == "Category")) then return "" end -- Remove the colon if the link is using the [[Help:Colon trick]]. if result:match("%[%[:") then result = "[[" .. result:match("%[%[:(.*%]%])") end -- Deal with links using the [[Help:Pipe trick]]. if mw.ustring.match(result, "^%[%[[^|]*|%]%]") then return delinkPipeTrick(result) end -- Find the display area of the wikilink if result:match("|") then -- Find if we're dealing with a piped link. result = result:match("^%[%[.-|(.+)%]%]") -- Remove new lines from the display of multiline piped links, -- where the pipe is before the first new line. result = result:gsub("\n", "") else result = result:match("^%[%[(.-)%]%]") end return result end local function delinkURL(s) -- Assume we have already delinked internal wikilinks, and that -- we have been passed some text between two square brackets [foo]. -- If the text contains a line break it is not formatted as a URL, regardless of other content. if s:match("\n") then return s end -- Check if the text has a valid URL prefix and at least one valid URL character. local valid_url_prefixes = {"//", "http://", "https://", "ftp://", "gopher://", "mailto:", "news:", "irc://"} local url_prefix for _ ,v in ipairs(valid_url_prefixes) do if mw.ustring.match(s, '^%[' .. v ..'[^"%s].*%]' ) then url_prefix = v break end end -- Get display text if not url_prefix then return s end s = s:match("^%[" .. url_prefix .. "(.*)%]") -- Grab all of the text after the URL prefix and before the final square bracket. s = s:match('^.-(["<> ].*)') or "" -- Grab all of the text after the first URL separator character ("<> ). s = mw.ustring.match(s, "^%s*(%S.*)$") or "" -- If the separating character was a space, trim it off. local s_decoded = mw.text.decode(s, true) if mw.ustring.match(s_decoded, "%c") then return s end return s_decoded end local function delinkLinkClass(text, pattern, delinkFunction) if type(text) ~= "string" then error("Attempt to de-link non-string input.", 2) end if type(pattern) ~= "string" or mw.ustring.sub(pattern, 1, 1) ~= "^" then error('Invalid pattern detected. Patterns must begin with "^".', 2) end -- Iterate over the text string, and replace any matched text. using the -- delink function. We need to iterate character by character rather -- than just use gsub, otherwise nested links aren't detected properly. local result = "" while text ~= "" do -- Replace text using one iteration of gsub. text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, pattern, delinkFunction, 1) -- Append the left-most character to the result string. result = result .. mw.ustring.sub(text, 1, 1) text = mw.ustring.sub(text, 2, -1) end return result end function p._delink(args) local text = args[1] or "" if args.refs == "yes" then -- Remove any [[Help:Strip markers]] representing ref tags. In most situations -- this is not a good idea - only use it if you know what you are doing! text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "UNIQ%w*%-ref%-%d*%-QINU", "") end if args.comments ~= "no" then text = text:gsub("<!%-%-.-%-%->", "") -- Remove html comments. end if args.wikilinks ~= "no" and args.wikilinks ~= "target" then -- De-link wikilinks and return the label portion of the wikilink. text = delinkLinkClass(text, "^%[%[.-%]%]", getDelinkedLabel) elseif args.wikilinks == "target" then -- De-link wikilinks and return the target portions of the wikilink. text = delinkLinkClass(text, "^%[%[.-%]%]", getDelinkedTarget) end if args.urls ~= "no" then text = delinkLinkClass(text, "^%[.-%]", delinkURL) -- De-link URLs. end if args.whitespace ~= "no" then -- Replace single new lines with a single space, but leave double new lines -- and new lines only containing spaces or tabs before a second new line. text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "([^\n \t][ \t]*)\n([ \t]*[^\n \t])", "%1 %2") text = text:gsub("[ \t]+", " ") -- Remove extra tabs and spaces. end return text end function p.delink(frame) if not getArgs then getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs end return p._delink(getArgs(frame, {wrappers = 'Template:Delink'})) end return p ap0hgbdtouyp0g9x21nujuwhyky0459 Template:Delink 10 13440 74243 2024-02-17T04:47:19Z en>Pppery 0 Changed protection settings for "[[Template:Delink]]": Dependency of fully-protected (and on [[WP:CASC]]) [[Template:Fix]] ([Edit=Require administrator access] (indefinite) [Move=Require administrator access] (indefinite)) 74243 wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#invoke:delink|delink}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> nxxwkb2lon9wgne4irg9ctbsle6zwiy 74244 50498 2026-09-09T16:22:14Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Template:Delink]]: Importing Orphan Template 50498 wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#invoke:delink|delink}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> nxxwkb2lon9wgne4irg9ctbsle6zwiy Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME 10 13472 74229 2022-01-02T08:54:02Z en>Dinoguy1000 0 fix "|=foo" bug 74229 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if: {{ safesubst:<noinclude/>Ns has subpages | {{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if:{{{1|}}}|{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>NAMESPACE:{{{1}}}}}|{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>NAMESPACE}}}} }} | {{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#titleparts:{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>FULLPAGENAME}}}}|1}} | {{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>FULLPAGENAME}}}} }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> tk494gglkhfogc40do2k58d4bbttx9o 74230 50530 2026-09-09T16:22:14Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME]]: Importing Orphan Template 50530 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if: {{ safesubst:<noinclude/>Ns has subpages | {{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if:{{{1|}}}|{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>NAMESPACE:{{{1}}}}}|{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>NAMESPACE}}}} }} | {{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#titleparts:{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>FULLPAGENAME}}}}|1}} | {{ safesubst:<noinclude/>#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{ safesubst:<noinclude/>FULLPAGENAME}}}} }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> tk494gglkhfogc40do2k58d4bbttx9o Template:Ns has subpages 10 13474 74231 2022-03-02T10:43:18Z en>Trialpears 0 Changed protection settings for "[[Template:Ns has subpages]]": [[WP:High-risk templates|Highly visible template]] ([Edit=Require administrator access] (indefinite) [Move=Require administrator access] (indefinite)) 74231 wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#invoke:Ns has subpages|main}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> 0pg457y46td6p53rdt8tyc76jeg9pa8 74232 50532 2026-09-09T16:22:14Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Template:Ns_has_subpages]]: Importing Orphan Template 50532 wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#invoke:Ns has subpages|main}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> 0pg457y46td6p53rdt8tyc76jeg9pa8 Module:Ns has subpages 828 13476 74233 2024-02-17T04:01:43Z en>Pppery 0 Changed protection settings for "[[Module:Ns has subpages]]": Per template ([Edit=Require administrator access] (indefinite) [Move=Require administrator access] (indefinite)) 74233 Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements [[Template:Ns has subpages]]. -- While the template is fairly simple, this information is made available to -- Lua directly, so using a module means that we don't have to update the -- template as new namespaces are added. local p = {} function p._main(ns, frame) -- Get the current namespace if we were not passed one. if not ns then ns = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace end -- Look up the namespace table from mw.site.namespaces. This should work -- for a majority of cases. local nsTable = mw.site.namespaces[ns] -- Try using string matching to get the namespace from page names. -- Do a quick and dirty bad title check to try and make sure we do the same -- thing as {{NAMESPACE}} in most cases. if not nsTable and type(ns) == 'string' and not ns:find('[<>|%[%]{}]') then local nsStripped = ns:gsub('^[_%s]*:', '') nsStripped = nsStripped:gsub(':.*$', '') nsTable = mw.site.namespaces[nsStripped] end -- If we still have no match then try the {{NAMESPACE}} parser function, -- which should catch the remainder of cases. Don't use a mw.title object, -- as this would increment the expensive function count for each new page -- tested. if not nsTable then frame = frame or mw.getCurrentFrame() local nsProcessed = frame:callParserFunction('NAMESPACE', ns) nsTable = nsProcessed and mw.site.namespaces[nsProcessed] end return nsTable and nsTable.hasSubpages end function p.main(frame) local ns = frame:getParent().args[1] if ns then ns = ns:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') -- trim whitespace ns = tonumber(ns) or ns end local hasSubpages = p._main(ns, frame) return hasSubpages and 'yes' or '' end return p qb0b1z2vff7kifnw21v205d791esbiz 74234 50534 2026-09-09T16:22:14Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Module:Ns_has_subpages]]: Importing Orphan Template 50534 Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements [[Template:Ns has subpages]]. -- While the template is fairly simple, this information is made available to -- Lua directly, so using a module means that we don't have to update the -- template as new namespaces are added. local p = {} function p._main(ns, frame) -- Get the current namespace if we were not passed one. if not ns then ns = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace end -- Look up the namespace table from mw.site.namespaces. This should work -- for a majority of cases. local nsTable = mw.site.namespaces[ns] -- Try using string matching to get the namespace from page names. -- Do a quick and dirty bad title check to try and make sure we do the same -- thing as {{NAMESPACE}} in most cases. if not nsTable and type(ns) == 'string' and not ns:find('[<>|%[%]{}]') then local nsStripped = ns:gsub('^[_%s]*:', '') nsStripped = nsStripped:gsub(':.*$', '') nsTable = mw.site.namespaces[nsStripped] end -- If we still have no match then try the {{NAMESPACE}} parser function, -- which should catch the remainder of cases. Don't use a mw.title object, -- as this would increment the expensive function count for each new page -- tested. if not nsTable then frame = frame or mw.getCurrentFrame() local nsProcessed = frame:callParserFunction('NAMESPACE', ns) nsTable = nsProcessed and mw.site.namespaces[nsProcessed] end return nsTable and nsTable.hasSubpages end function p.main(frame) local ns = frame:getParent().args[1] if ns then ns = ns:match('^%s*(.-)%s*$') -- trim whitespace ns = tonumber(ns) or ns end local hasSubpages = p._main(ns, frame) return hasSubpages and 'yes' or '' end return p qb0b1z2vff7kifnw21v205d791esbiz Template:Always substitute 10 13521 74287 51035 2026-08-13T09:25:48Z en>Oshwah 0 Dummy Edit: Accidentally pressed 'Enter' while typing edit summary. The last statement should've said, "the boolean conditions for 'auto' and 'nocat' now consistently default to "no" when set to a non-true string. 74287 wikitext text/x-wiki {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst|main|$B= {{Ombox | style = text-align: center; | name = Subst only | type = notice | text = This template <strong>{{#switch:{{lc:{{{yesnomaybe|}}}}}|can|may={{lc:{{{yesnomaybe}}}}} be [[Help:Substitution|substituted]]</strong> by using <!-- --><strong>{{{actualtemplate|{{template other|{{Tls|{{#switch:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|sandbox={{BASEPAGENAME}}|#default={{PAGENAME}}}}}}|{{Tlsu|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}}}}}</strong><!-- -->|not|never=should <em>{{lc:{{{yesnomaybe}}}}}</em> be [[Help:Substitution|substituted]]</strong> – use <!-- --><strong>{{{actualtemplate|{{template other|{{Tl|{{#switch:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|sandbox={{BASEPAGENAME}}|#default={{PAGENAME}}}}}}|{{Tlu|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}}}}}</strong><!-- -->|#default=should <em>always</em> be [[Help:Substitution|substituted]]</strong> – use <!-- --><strong>{{{actualtemplate|{{template other|{{Tls|{{#switch:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|sandbox={{BASEPAGENAME}}|#default=<includeonly>{{PAGENAME}}</includeonly><noinclude>Example</noinclude>}}}}|{{Tlsu|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}}}}}</strong>}}. <!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{auto|}}}}}|yes|{{#switch:{{lc:{{{yesnomaybe|}}}}}|can|may|not|never=|#default=Any accidental transclusions will be automatically substituted by a bot.{{{1|}}}{{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{nocat|<noinclude>true</noinclude>}}}}}|yes|<!--no categorization-->|{{#switch:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|sandbox=|#default=[[Category:Wikipedia templates to be automatically substituted]]}}}}}}}} <!-- -->{{#if:{{{alt|}}}|{{#switch:{{lc:{{{yesnomaybe|}}}}}|can|may|not|never=|#default={{#ifeq:{{{auto|}}}|yes|<br/>}}For [[Help:Transclusion|transclusion]], use <strong>{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE:{{{alt}}}}}|Template|&#123;&#123;[[{{{alt}}}|{{PAGENAME:{{{alt}}}}}]]&#125;&#125;|{{Tlg|{{{alt}}}}}}}</strong> instead.}}}} }}{{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{nocat|<noinclude>true</noinclude>}}}}}|yes|<!--no categorization-->|{{#switch:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|sandbox=|#default={{#switch:{{lc:{{{yesnomaybe|}}}}} |not|never=[[Category:Wikipedia never-substituted templates]] |can|may=<!--No applicable category--> |#default=[[Category:Wikipedia substituted templates]]{{#ifexpr: 0{{Find page text |text=<!%-%- *{{NAMESPACE}}:[{{lc:{{str left|{{Lua escape|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}|1}}}}{{uc:{{str left|{{Lua escape|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}|1}}}}]{{str right|{{Lua escape|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}|1}} *%-%-> |title={{FULLPAGENAME}} |plain=f}} > 0 | [[Category:Templates with matching hidden id]]}} }}}}}}}}<includeonly>__EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE__</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 97ot5yef1a57x458n4y84wnemwq1wo3 74288 74287 2026-09-09T16:22:17Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Template:Always_substitute]]: Importing Orphan Template 74287 wikitext text/x-wiki {{{{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst|main|$B= {{Ombox | style = text-align: center; | name = Subst only | type = notice | text = This template <strong>{{#switch:{{lc:{{{yesnomaybe|}}}}}|can|may={{lc:{{{yesnomaybe}}}}} be [[Help:Substitution|substituted]]</strong> by using <!-- --><strong>{{{actualtemplate|{{template other|{{Tls|{{#switch:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|sandbox={{BASEPAGENAME}}|#default={{PAGENAME}}}}}}|{{Tlsu|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}}}}}</strong><!-- -->|not|never=should <em>{{lc:{{{yesnomaybe}}}}}</em> be [[Help:Substitution|substituted]]</strong> – use <!-- --><strong>{{{actualtemplate|{{template other|{{Tl|{{#switch:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|sandbox={{BASEPAGENAME}}|#default={{PAGENAME}}}}}}|{{Tlu|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}}}}}</strong><!-- -->|#default=should <em>always</em> be [[Help:Substitution|substituted]]</strong> – use <!-- --><strong>{{{actualtemplate|{{template other|{{Tls|{{#switch:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|sandbox={{BASEPAGENAME}}|#default=<includeonly>{{PAGENAME}}</includeonly><noinclude>Example</noinclude>}}}}|{{Tlsu|{{FULLPAGENAME}}}}}}}}}</strong>}}. <!-- -->{{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{auto|}}}}}|yes|{{#switch:{{lc:{{{yesnomaybe|}}}}}|can|may|not|never=|#default=Any accidental transclusions will be automatically substituted by a bot.{{{1|}}}{{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{nocat|<noinclude>true</noinclude>}}}}}|yes|<!--no categorization-->|{{#switch:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|sandbox=|#default=[[Category:Wikipedia templates to be automatically substituted]]}}}}}}}} <!-- -->{{#if:{{{alt|}}}|{{#switch:{{lc:{{{yesnomaybe|}}}}}|can|may|not|never=|#default={{#ifeq:{{{auto|}}}|yes|<br/>}}For [[Help:Transclusion|transclusion]], use <strong>{{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE:{{{alt}}}}}|Template|&#123;&#123;[[{{{alt}}}|{{PAGENAME:{{{alt}}}}}]]&#125;&#125;|{{Tlg|{{{alt}}}}}}}</strong> instead.}}}} }}{{#ifeq:{{yesno-no|{{{nocat|<noinclude>true</noinclude>}}}}}|yes|<!--no categorization-->|{{#switch:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|doc|sandbox=|#default={{#switch:{{lc:{{{yesnomaybe|}}}}} |not|never=[[Category:Wikipedia never-substituted templates]] |can|may=<!--No applicable category--> |#default=[[Category:Wikipedia substituted templates]]{{#ifexpr: 0{{Find page text |text=<!%-%- *{{NAMESPACE}}:[{{lc:{{str left|{{Lua escape|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}|1}}}}{{uc:{{str left|{{Lua escape|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}|1}}}}]{{str right|{{Lua escape|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}}|1}} *%-%-> |title={{FULLPAGENAME}} |plain=f}} > 0 | [[Category:Templates with matching hidden id]]}} }}}}}}}}<includeonly>__EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE__</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 97ot5yef1a57x458n4y84wnemwq1wo3 Roger Mukasa 0 15007 74396 72797 2026-09-10T06:41:42Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 74396 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Roger Galwanao Mukasa''' (yazaalibwa nga 22 Ogwomunaana mu 1989) [[Munnayuganda omuzannyi wa cricket ku mutendera gw'ensi yonna]].<ref>{{Citation|last=Katende|first=Norman|title=Waisswa, Mukasa Recalled After Ban|newspaper=[[allAfrica.com]]|date=11 February 2008|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200802120022.html|access-date=20 March 2010}}</ref> Mukasa akozesa ne baati okubaka emipiira era akozesa n'omukono gwe ogwa ddyo okugibaka, oluusi azannyira ng'omukwasi w'egyo egiba giyise oba egiwabye. Abadde akiikirira Uganda mu [[kiraasi esooka]], [[List A]] ne [[Twenty20 cricket]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Roger Mukasa |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/97/97778/97778.html |access-date=2010-03-26 |publisher=www.cricketarchive.com}}</ref> Ennamba y'essaati ye eri 37. Yazannya mu [[mpaka za Cricket ez'ensi yonna ez'abali w'emyaka 19 (U-19) eza 2006]] ezaali e Sri Lanka . == Emirimu gye == Mukasa yalondebwa mu ttiimu ya Uganda mu [[mpaka za Cricket ez'ensi yonna ez'abali wansi w'emyaka 19 eza 2006]]. Yazannya mu mupiira ogwaliwo ne [[ttiimu ya Pakistan U-19]], era ttiimu eno ye yawangula empaka ezo. Mu Gwokuna 2018, yalondebwa nga kapiteeni wa ttiimu ya Uganda mu [[mpaka za ICC eza liigi ya cricket ez'ensi yonna mu divizoni eyookuna eza 2018 ezaali e Malaysia]].<ref name="WCL4-18">{{Cite web |date=20 April 2018 |title=Karashani has faith in Malaysian charge |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Sports/Cricket/Karashani---faith--Malaysian-charge/690272-4489986-1qf44lz/index.html |access-date=20 April 2018 |website=Daily Monitor}}</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu 2018, yali kitundu ku ttiimu ya Uganda mu kibinja ky'ettundutundu ly'omu buvanjuba eyeetaba mu [[mpaka z'okukiika eza ICC World Twenty20 Africa Qualifier eza 2018–19.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uganda Squad: Players |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/squad/1151334.html |access-date=9 July 2018 |website=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumi n'ogumu gwa 2018, yalondebwa nga [[kapiteeni]] wa ttiimu ya Uganda mu [[mpaka za Africa ez'ekikopo kya T20 eza 2018]].<ref name="AT20C">{{Cite web |title=Uganda Cricket names Africa T20 squad |url=https://www.kawowo.com/2018/09/05/uganda-cricket-names-africa-t20-squad/ |access-date=5 September 2018 |website=Kawowo Sports}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Team Uganda preview |url=http://cricket.co.za/news/26003/Team-Uganda-preview |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913223454/http://cricket.co.za/news/26003/Team-Uganda-preview |archive-date=13 September 2018 |access-date=13 September 2018 |website=Cricket South Africa}}</ref> Mu mwezi ogwaddirira, yalondebwa nga kapiteeni wa ttiimu ya Uganda mu [[Mpaka za liigi ya Cricket ez'ensi yonna eza ICC eza divizoni eyookusatu ezaaliwo mu 2018 e Oman|mpaka za liigi ya Cricket ez'ensi yonna eza ICC mu divizoni eyookusatu ezaaliwo mu 2018 e Oman]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Otwani gets nod ahead of Achelam on final 14 for Division 3 Qualifiers |url=https://www.kawowo.com/2018/10/18/otwani-gets-nod-ahead-of-achelam-on-final-14-for-division-3-qualifiers/ |access-date=19 October 2018 |website=Kawowo}}</ref> Mu Gwokutaano gwa 2019, yalondebwa nga kapiteeni wa ttiimu ya Uganda eyazannya mu [[fayinolo z'ettundutundu ly'e buvanjuba]] mu [[mpaka ezaali ez'okususnsulamu anaakiika mu mpaka za ICC eza T20 mu kikopo kya Afrika eky'ensi yonna eza 2018–19]] mu Uganda. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uganda Cricket names squad for Africa T20 World Cup Qualifiers |url=https://eagle.co.ug/2019/05/06/uganda-cricket-names-squad-for-africa-t20-world-cup-qualifiers.html |access-date=6 May 2019 |website=Eagle Online |archive-date=6 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506150811/https://eagle.co.ug/2019/05/06/uganda-cricket-names-squad-for-africa-t20-world-cup-qualifiers.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Arinaitwe named in Cricket Cranes squad for Africa T20 World Cup Qualifiers |url=https://www.kawowo.com/2019/05/06/arinaitwe-named-in-cricket-cranes-squad-for-africa-t20-world-cup-qualifiers/ |access-date=6 May 2019 |website=Kawowo Sports}}</ref>​<ref>{{Cite web |title=African men in Uganda for T20 showdown |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/media-releases/1222616 |access-date=18 May 2019 |website=International Cricket Council}}</ref>​ Omupiira gwe gwe yasookera ddala okusamba mu liigi ya [[Twenty20 International]] (T20I) gwali gwa [[Botswana]] nga 20 Ogwokutaano 2019 <ref>{{Cite web |title=6th Match, ICC Men's T20 World Cup Africa Region Final at Kampala, May 20 2019 |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1184260.html |access-date=20 May 2019 |website=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu 2019, yali omu ku bazannyi 25 abaali balondeddwa okutendekebwa nga beetegekera [[empaka za liigi ya cricket ez'ensi yonna]] ezaali e Hong Kong.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Paternott Called To Cricket Cranes Squad For World Challenge League |url=http://cricketuganda.world/index.php/8-news/747-uk-based-lloyd-pattenot-called-to-cricket-cranes-squad-for-world-challenge-league |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723100829/http://cricketuganda.world/index.php/8-news/747-uk-based-lloyd-pattenot-called-to-cricket-cranes-squad-for-world-challenge-league |archive-date=23 July 2019 |access-date=23 July 2019 |website=Cricket Uganda}}</ref> Yali omu ku ttiimu ya Uganda, eyalangirirwa mu Gwekkumi n'ogumu gwa 2019, mu [[mpaka za Cricket ez'ensi yonna eza liigi B]] ezaali e Oman.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brian Masaba To Lead Cricket Cranes, Hamu Kayondo Misses Out On Final 14 |url=http://www.cricketuganda.world/index.php/8-news/769-brian-masaba-to-lead-cricket-cranes-hamu-kayondo-misses-out-on-final-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226173352/http://www.cricketuganda.world/index.php/8-news/769-brian-masaba-to-lead-cricket-cranes-hamu-kayondo-misses-out-on-final-14 |archive-date=26 December 2019 |access-date=23 November 2019 |website=Cricket Uganda}}</ref> Mu Gwokutaano 2024, yayitibwa ku ttiimu ya Uganda eyali egenda okwetaba mu [[Mpaka za ICC ez'abasajja T20 ez'ensi yonna eza 2024 .|mpaka za ICC ez'abasajja T20 ez'ensi yonna eza 2024.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uganda’s 15-Player Squad for ICC T20 World Cup 2024 |url=https://www.scorewaves.com/news-details/uganda-squad-for-t20-world-cup |access-date=2024-06-12 |website=ScoreWaves |language=en}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Omupiira mu Uganda]] 4abzxh0ycbpfb9x2o6u5gsw7hx145s5 John Sentamu 0 15603 74372 73053 2026-09-10T03:15:55Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 74372 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''John Tucker Mugabi Sentamu, Baron Sentamu''', PC ( /ˈ s ɛ n t əm uː <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 October 2012 |title=an archiepiscopal mnemonic |url=http://phonetic-blog.blogspot.de/2012/10/an-archiepiscopal-mnemonic.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235800/http://phonetic-blog.blogspot.de/2012/10/an-archiepiscopal-mnemonic.html |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=10 October 2012}}</ref> ; yazaalibwa nga 10 Ogwomukaaga 1949) mulabirizi wa Anglican eyawummula era [[:en:Life_peer|munne obulamu bwe bwonna]] . Yaliko [[:en:Canterbury–York_dispute|Ssaabalabirizi w’e York]] era [[:en:Canterbury–York_dispute|Primate wa Bungereza]] okuva mu 2005 okutuuka mu 2020. Mu kuwummula yanoonyezebwako ku ngeri gye yakwatamu ebigambibwa nti [[:en:Child_sexual_abuse|yasobya ku baana]] era n’asabibwa okudda emabega mu buweereza olw’okukwata obubi emisango gy’okukuuma.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Independent Learning Lessons Review - Late Trevor Devamanikkam - Newcastle Diocese |url=https://www.newcastle.anglican.org/independent-learning-lessons-review--late-trevor-devamanikkam.php}}</ref> Sentamu yazaalibwa okumpi ne [[Kampala]] mu [[:en:Protectorate_of_Uganda|Uganda]], yasoma amateeka mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y'e Makerere]] nga tannafuna mulimu gwa [[:en:Supreme_Court_of_Uganda|kuwolereza kkooti ensukkulumu mu Uganda .]] Ng’ayogera ku nfuga ya Pulezidenti [[Idi Amin]], yasibwa akaseera katono nga tannaddukira mu 1974 mu Bungereza, gye yeewaayo mu [[:en:Anglicanism|ddiini y’Abangereza]], n’atandika okusoma eby’eddiini mu [[:en:Selwyn_College,_Cambridge|Selwyn College, Cambridge]], mu 1976 era okukkakkana ng’afunye diguli y’obusawo mu 1984. Yasoma okutuuzibwa mu [[:en:Ridley_Hall,_Cambridge|Ridley Hall, Cambridge]], era n’atuuzibwa mu 1979. Mu 1996 yatukuzibwa [[:en:Bishop_of_Birmingham|ng’omulabirizi w’ekitundu kya Stepney]] era mu 2002 n’afuuka [[:en:Bishop_of_Birmingham|Omulabirizi w’e Birmingham]] . Mu 2005 yalondebwa ku ofiisi ya [[:en:Bishop_of_Birmingham|Ssaabalabirizi w'e York]] . Ono era afunye okufaayo olw'okunenya ennyo eyali pulezidenti wa Zimbabwe [[:en:Bishop_of_Birmingham|Robert Mugabe]] . Sentamu yaggyibwa ku lukalala olusooka olwa ba peerage abapya oluvannyuma lw'okulekulira obwa ssaabalabirizi, <ref>Sherwood, Harriet (18 October 2020).</ref> kyokka kyalangirirwa mu gwekkumineeebiri mu 2020 nti Sentamu agenda kutondebwawo nga crossbench [[:en:Life_peer|life peer]] mu lukalala olwokubiri olwa [[:en:2020_Political_Honours|2020 Political Honors]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 December 2020 |title=Political Peerages 2020 |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/political-peerages-2020 |access-date=23 December 2020 |website=GOV.UK}}</ref> == Ebikwata ku bulamu bwe == === Obuto bwe === Sentamu yazaalibwa mu 1949 ku kyalo Masooli, [[Gayaza]], okumpi ne [[Kampala]], [[:en:Uganda_Protectorate|Uganda]], omwana owomukaaga ku baana kkumi na basatu. Yafuna diguli ya [[:en:Life_peer|LLB]] okuva mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], Kampala mu 1971, n’akola [[Barrister|ng’omuwolereza]] wa kkooti enkulu eya Uganda okutuusa mu 1974, n’abeera omulamuzi wa kkooti enkulu okumala akaseera katono. Mu 1973, yawasa mukyala we Margaret nga [[:en:Deacon#Anglicanism|mudyankoni]] .<ref name="vallely">Vallely, Paul (7 April 2012).</ref> Nga wayise wiiki ssatu bukya afumbirwa, yafuna obusungu bwa nnakyemalira [[Idi Amin]] era n’asibibwa okumala ennaku 90. Mu kwogera kwe mu 2007, yannyonnyola engeri mu kiseera ekyo gye yali "abadde akuba ebikonde ng'omupiira n'okukubwa ennyo", n'agamba nti "okukemebwa okuva ku ssuubi ly'okuyimbulwa kwaliwo bulijjo".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Caulfield |first=Pam |date=10 May 2007 |title=''Archbishop tells his captivity story in call to free Alan Johnson'' |url=http://www.24dash.com/communities/20416.htm |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926234859/http://www.24dash.com/communities/20416.htm |archive-date=26 September 2007}}</ref> Yadduka mu nsi ye n'atuuka [[Vallely, Paul (7 April 2012).|ng'o musenze]] mu [[Great Britain|Bungereza]] mu 1974.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2005 |title=John Sentamu: Pilgrim's progress |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/john-sentamu-pilgrim-s-progress-516609.html |access-date=2 May 2024 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> === Ebyenjigiriza bye n’obuweereza bwe obwasooka === Sentamu yasoma eby'eddiini mu [[:en:Master_of_Arts_(Oxbridge_and_Dublin)|Selwyn College, Cambridge]], oluvannyuma gye yafunira diguli [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|ya BA]] mu 1976, n'akuzibwa n'agenda mu [[:en:Master_of_Arts_(Oxbridge_and_Dublin)|Cambridge MA]] mu 1979, ne diguli [[:en:Doctor_of_Philosophy|ya PhD]] mu 1984. Yatendekebwa obusaserdooti mu [[:en:Ridley_Hall,_Cambridge|Ridley Hall, Cambridge]], n'atuuzibwa ku bwafaaza mu 1979. Ebbaluwa ye ey'obusawo etuumiddwa "Some aspects of [[:en:Doctor_of_Philosophy|soteriology]], with okujuliza okusingira ddala ku ndowooza ya [[:en:J._K._Mozley|J. K. Mozley]], okuva mu ndowooza ya Afirika". <ref>{{Cite web |title=University of Cambridge library catalogue |url=http://ulmss-newton.lib.cam.ac.uk/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?SC=Author&SA=Sentamu%2C%20John |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003085608/https://ulmss-newton.lib.cam.ac.uk/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?SC=Author&SA=Sentamu%2C%20John |archive-date=3 October 2018 |access-date=5 December 2008}}</ref> Yakola nga omuyambi w’omusosodooti mu Selwyn College, ng’omusosodooti mu kifo ekikuumirwamu abasibe era nga [[:en:Curate|curate]] ne [[:en:Vicar|vicar]] mu kulondebwa kw’ekigo okuwerako. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">[[:en:Vicar|okujuliza kwetaagisa]]</span>'' &#x5D;</sup> Sentamu [[:en:Consecrated|yatukuzibwa]] ng'omulabirizi nga 25 ogwomwenda 1996 nga [[:en:Archbishop_of_Canterbury|George Carey, Ssaabalabirizi w'e Canterbury]], mu [[:en:St_Paul's_Cathedral|Lutikko ya St Paul]] ; <ref>https://ukpressonline.co.uk/page-link/ChTm_1996_09_27_001</ref> okuweereza nga [[:en:Diocese_of_London|Omulabirizi wa Stepney]], omulabirizi [[:en:Diocese_of_London|w'okulonda]] era [[:en:Diocese_of_London|omulabirizi w'ekitundu]] mu [[:en:Diocese_of_London|Bulabirizi bw'e London]] . Mu kiseera kino mwe yaweereza ng’omuwabuzi mu kitongole ekinoonyereza ku misango ekya [[:en:Diocese_of_London|Stephen Lawrence]] Judicial Enquiry. Mu 2002 yakubiriza ekibiina kya [[:en:Diocese_of_London|Damilola Taylor]] review. Mu mwaka gwe gumu yalondebwa okuba [[:en:Diocese_of_London|Omulabirizi w'e Birmingham]] obuweereza bwe, okusinziira ku [[:en:Diocese_of_London|Ssaabalabirizi w'e Canterbury, Rowan Williams,]] gye yasiimibwa "Abakristaayo ab'embeera zonna". <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2012)">[[:en:Diocese_of_London|citation needed]]</span>'' &#x5D;</sup> Sentamu yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Youth for Christ mu 2004 ate Pulezidenti wa YMCA mu April 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=http://www.archbishopofyork.org/780 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722104742/http://www.archbishopofyork.org/780 |archive-date=22 July 2011 |access-date=30 April 2011 |publisher=The Archbishop of York}}</ref> === Ssaabalabirizi w’e York === Nga 17 ogwwomukaaga 2005 ofiisi [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|ya ssaabaminisita]] yalangirira okuvvuunula kwa Sentamu mu [[:en:Diocese_of_York|York]] nga ssaabalabirizi ow’omulundi ogwa 97. <ref name="appt">This reference is used twice on this page.</ref> Yalondebwa mu butongole essuula ya [[:en:York_Minster|York Minster]] nga 21 mu gwomusanvu,<ref>https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/57706/page/9331</ref> n'akakasibwa mu mateeka nga ssaabalabirizi e [[:en:St_Mary-le-Bow|St Mary-le-Bow]], London nga 5 Ogwekkumi , <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140201190444/http://www.churchofengland.org/media-centre/news/2005/10/pr7305a.aspx</ref> era n'atuula ku ntebe mu York Minster nga 30 Ogwekkuminogumu 2005 (embaga ya [[:en:Saint_Andrew|Saint Andrew]] ), ku mukolo ogwalimu okuyimba n'amazina g'Afirika n'ennyimba ez'omulembe, nga Sentamu yennyini akuba Engoma z'Abafirika mu kiseera ky'okusaba. <ref name="enth">This reference is used twice on this page.</ref> <ref>Jeffery, Simon (17 June 2005).</ref> Nga Ssaabalabirizi wa York, Sentamu yatuula mu [[:en:House_of_Lords|House of Lords]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Peer |url=https://www.theyworkforyou.com/peer/archbishop_of_york |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420231715/http://www.theyworkforyou.com/peer/archbishop_of_york |archive-date=20 April 2016 |website=TheyWorkForYou}}</ref> era n’akkirizibwa, nga bwe kyali, mu [[:en:Privy_Council_of_the_United_Kingdom|Privy Council of the United Kingdom]] . <ref name="deb">{{Cite web |date=6 October 1949 |title=Debrett's People of Today – John Sentamu York |url=http://www.debretts.com/people/biographies/search/results/19338/John%20Tucker%20Mugabi%20Sentamu+YORK.aspx |access-date=30 April 2011 |publisher=Debretts.com}}</ref> Ye yali ssaabalabirizi omuddugavu eyasooka mu Kkanisa ya Bungereza. <ref name="enth" /> <ref name="appt" /> [[File:York_Easter_Sunday_2007.jpg|left|thumb|250x250px|John Sentamu wabweru wa York Minster ku [[:en:Easter_Sunday|Ssande ya Paasika]], 2007.]] Okumala wiiki emu mu gwomunaana 2006, Sentamu yasimba enkambi mu York Minster, n’aleka emmere ng’ali bumu n’abo abaakosebwa olutalo lw’obuvanjuba bwa Middle East, naddala abaana n’abantu baabulijjo abalala abattibwa n’okulumizibwa mu [[:en:2006_Lebanon_War|lutalo lw’e Lebanon mu 2006]], [[:en:Cluster_bombs|bbomu ez’ekibinja]] bwe zaakozesebwa amagye ga Yisirayiri. <ref>http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/world/2006/0812/1155291283803.html</ref><ref>https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/help/3681938.stm</ref><ref>Bates, Stephen (17 August 2006).</ref> Nga 7 ogwokusatu 2007, Sentamu yatuuzibwa nga Chancellor eyasooka owa [[:en:York_St_John_University|York St John University]] . Nga 1 ogwomukaaga 2007 yalondebwa nga Chancellor eyasooka mu [[:en:University_of_Cumbria|Yunivasite y'e Cumbria]] . Ekifo kino yakitwala nga yunivasite eno eggulwawo nga 1 Ogwomunaana 2007. <ref>https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/6711449.stm</ref> Mu Ogwomusanvu 2009, yaweebwa diguli y'obusawo ey'ekitiibwa okuva mu [[:en:University_of_York|Yunivasite y'e Chester]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=University of Chester |date=13 June 2010 |title=Twelve of the University of Chester's recent triumphs |url=http://www.chester.ac.uk/node/6184 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920013436/http://www.chester.ac.uk/node/6184 |archive-date=20 September 2021 |access-date=10 March 2021}}</ref> Nga 15 Ogwomusanvu 2010, Sentamu yaweebwa diguli ey'ekitiibwa okuva mu [[:en:University_of_York|Yunivasite y'e York]] nga yaweebwa Provost wa Vanbrugh College, [[:en:David_Efird|David Efird]] ow'ekitongole ky'obufirosoofo, <ref>"Archbishop John Sentamu receives an honorary degree".</ref> era nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 2010 yaweebwa diguli ey'ekitiibwa okuva mu [[:en:David_Efird|University of Leeds]] okuva mu chancellor wa yunivasite eno, [[:en:David_Efird|Melvyn Bragg]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2010 |title=John Sentamu – John Sentamu – University of Leeds |url=http://www.leeds.ac.uk/info/30310/honorary_graduates/305/john_sentamu |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608141223/http://www.leeds.ac.uk/info/30310/honorary_graduates/305/john_sentamu |archive-date=8 June 2011 |access-date=30 April 2011 |publisher=Leeds.ac.uk}}</ref> Nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 2007, Sentamu yaweebwa diguli ey’ekitiibwa okuva mu [[University|yunivasite y’e Hull]] okuva mu chancellor wa yunivasite eno, [[University|Virginia Bottomley]], mu Hull City Hall ku mukolo gw’okutikkira abayizi abatikkirwa mu Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. <ref>{{Cite web |last=University of Hull |date=16 July 2007 |title=News |url=https://www.hull.ac.uk/work-with-us/more/media-centre/news/news.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090417131925/http://www.hull.ac.uk/news/july07/archyork.html |archive-date=17 April 2009}}</ref> Nga 19 Ogwomusanvu 2007 yaweebwa diguli ey’ekitiibwa (Doctor of Letters) okuva mu [[Hull City Hall|Yunivasite y’e Sheffield]] ng’alaga omulimu gwe ogw’ekitiibwa ng’omukenkufu era omukugu mu by’eddiini. <ref>https://www.shef.ac.uk/mediacentre/archbishop.html</ref> Mu Ogwekkumi 2007 Sentamu yaweebwa engule ya "Yorkshireman of the Year" okuva mu [[:en:Black_Sheep_Brewery|Black Sheep Brewery]] . Mu kwogera kwe okw'okukkiriza yatenderezza okwanirizibwa kwe yali afunye okuva mu bantu b'e Yorkshire era n'ayogera ku " [[:en:Black_Sheep_Brewery|African-Yorkshire DNA connection]] ", ng'asaaga nti osanga bazadde be kino baalina mu birowoozo bwe baamuwa erinnya "Mugabi", nga lino bwe liwandiikibwa emabega, lye "Ibagum" ("ee-by-gum", ekigambo kya sitokisi ekigambibwa nti kikozesebwa okulaga shock oba obutakkiriza mu bukiikakkono bwa Bungereza). Mu 2008 Ssaabalabirizi [[:en:Black_Sheep_Brewery|Thurstan]] Church of England School e Hull yatuumibwa [[:en:Black_Sheep_Brewery|Archbishop Sentamu Academy]] mu kitiibwa kye. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">[[:en:Black_Sheep_Brewery|okujuliza kwetaagisa]]</span>'' &#x5D;</sup> Mu Ogwekkumi 2018, Sentamu yalangirira okuwummula kwe, nga kutegekeddwa nga 7 Ogwomukaaga 2020. <ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-south-yorkshire-45707419</ref> Mu Ogwomukaaga 2019, yatuuza mukyala we obudyankoni. <ref>Thompson, Vicky (23 June 2019).</ref> === Okuwummula === Kyalangirirwa mu mpaka [[:en:2020_Political_Honours|za Political Honors eza 2020]] nti agenda kufuulibwa munne obulamu bwe bwonna. Nga 27 Ogwokuna 2021 yatondebwawo '''''Baron Sentamu''', ow'e Lindisfarne mu County ya Northumberland n'owa Masooli mu Republic of Uganda'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Crown Office |url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/notice/3793673 |access-date=9 May 2021 |publisher=The London Gazette}}</ref> Yakwata ekifo kye mu ba lords temporal nga 25 May, munne mu bulamu asembayo okwanjulwa [[Thompson, Vicky (23 June 2019).|Thomas Woodcock]] nga Garter King of Arms. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2021)">[[Thompson, Vicky (23 June 2019).|okujuliza kwetaagisa]]</span>'' &#x5D;</sup> Sentamu yasenguka ne mukyala we e [[:en:Berwick-upon-Tweed|Berwick]] era nga 14 Ogwokaaga 2021, yaweebwa layisinsi y’okubeera [[:en:Honorary_assistant_bishop|omuyambi w’omulabirizi ow’ekitiibwa mu bulabirizi bw’e Newcastle .]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Newcastle Diocese &#124; Archbishop Sentamu commissioned as Honorary Assistant Bishop |url=https://www.newcastle.anglican.org/news/archbishop-sentamu-commissioned-as-honorary-assistant-bishop.php}}</ref> Mu gwokutaano gwa 2023, yasabibwa okuva mu buweereza obw’amaanyi okuva mu buweereza obw’amaanyi Omulabirizi w’e Newcastle oluvannyuma lw’okwekenneenya okwetongodde okukizuula nti yalemererwa okukola ku nsonga y’okubikkula okutulugunyizibwa mu by’okwegatta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 May 2023 |title=Independent Learning Lessons Review - Late Trevor Devamanikkam |url=https://www.newcastle.anglican.org/independent-learning-lessons-review--late-trevor-devamanikkam.php |access-date=14 May 2023 |website=Diocese of Newcastle}}</ref> Sentamu yakkirizza nti teyakola ku kubikkula kuno wabula n'agamba nti si buvunaanyizibwa bwe nga ssaabalabirizi okukola ku kubikkula kuno kuba "ekikolwa ekyaddirira okubikkula eri omulabirizi w'e Sheffield kyali kikye era kye yekka". Yayongera okugezaako okugamba nti etteeka lyamulemesa okukola: "Okukuuma "<ref>Gledhill, Ruth (30 November 2005). "Multiculturalism has betrayed the English, Archbishop says". ''The Times''. UK. Archived from the original on 13 May 2006. Retrieved 12 August 2006.</ref>"Safeguarding is very important but it does not trump Church Law (which is part of the Common Law of England). And the Law is not susceptible to be used as an excuse for exercising the role given to an Archbishop. Church Law sets the boundaries for Diocesan Bishops and Archbishops."   == Okulaba == Sentamu ayogedde ku nsonga omuli abavubuka, amaka, obuddu, n’obutali bwenkanya n’obukuubagano ebweru w’eggwanga. Mu kusooka okulabika ku TV mu 1988 yeegatta, mu balala, [[:en:Ray_Honeyford|Ray Honeyford, Ann Dummett ne Lurline Champagnie]] okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku "Race and the classroom" ku ''[[After Dark (TV series)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/After Dark (TV series)|After Dark]]'' . Mu gwekkuminoogumu 2005 yanoonya okuddamu okuzuula amalala g'Olungereza n'ennono y'obuwangwa, ng'agamba nti obunyiikivu eri [[:en:Multiculturalism|obuwangwa obw'enjawulo]] oluusi "bwali bulabika nga butegeeza, mu bukyamu gyendi, 'leka obuwangwa obulala bukkirizibwa okweyoleka naye nga tebuleka buwangwa obusinga obungi n'akatono kutubuulira kitiibwa kyabwo, entalo zaabwo, essanyu lyabwo, obulumi bwabwo'." <ref>Gledhill, Ruth (30 November 2005).</ref> Mu 2006 yagamba nti [[:en:BBC|BBC]] yali etya okunenya [[:en:Islam|Obusiraamu]] . <ref>Gledhill, Ruth (30 November 2005).</ref> Mu 2006, Sentamu yafulumira nnyo mu mawulire ga Bungereza olw’ebigambo bye yayogera ku ngeri abasibe gye bayisibwamu mu kifo ky’amagye g’oku mazzi ekya Guantanamo Bay Naval Base . === Obwaavu === Sentamu yennyamidde nti abakozi bangi abasasulwa ssente entono tebasasulwa kimala kubaggya mu [[Obubulwa|bwavu]] n'amaka gaabwe .    Sentamu alowooza nti obwavu mu mmere bwe buvaako endya embi mu Bungereza. Mu 2013, yagamba nti "omwaka oguwedde abantu abasoba mu 27,000 baazuulibwa nga balina endya embi mu Leeds – si Lesotho, si Liberia, si Lusaka wabula Leeds?" era awulira lipoota zino "zituswaza ffenna, ne zisigaza embalabe ey'ekizikiza ku muntu waffe ow'omunda". Ennongoosereza mu mbeera za gavumenti zaali   === Okulonda kwa bonna === Mu kwetegekera okulonda kwa Bungereza okwa 2017, Justin Welby Ssaabalabirizi w'e Canterbury ne John Sentamu baakola kampeyini ku bwetaavu bw'okukola ku bwavu, ebyenjigiriza, amayumba n'ebyobulamu . Bassaabalabirizi bakkaatirizza obukulu bwa "okusomesa bonna, obw'okugonjoola mu bwangu era obw'amaanyi ku kusoomoozebwa kwaffe okw'amayumba, obukulu bw'okutondawo ebitundu nga kwotadde ne Mu kwetegekera okulonda kwa bonna okwa 2017 mu Bungereza, n'empeereza y'ebyobulamu eyeesiga era ekulaakulana egaba obuwagizi eri bonna – naddala abali mu mbeera embi – si kyangu ku ntandikwa n'enkomerero y'obulamu." <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 May 2017 |title=Archbishops raise election concerns in letter |url=https://www.itv.com/news/2017-05-06/archbishops-of-canterbury-and-york-raise-election-concerns-in-letter |website=ITV News}}</ref> === Yimirirako onoonye === Mu mwaka gwa 2000, Sentamu, eyali Omulabirizi w’e Stepney mu kiseera ekyo, yayimirizibwa omuserikale wa Poliisi mu kibuga London okumpi ne Lutikko ya St Paul . Sentamu yeewozezzaako nti gwe mulundi gwa munaana nga poliisi emubuuza ebibuuzo mu myaka munaana, era nti ye mulabirizi yekka ow’ekkanisa ya Bungereza eyayimirizibwa poliisi mu ngeri eno. Mu kukubaganya ebirowoozo okwaliwo mu 2010 mu lukiiko lwa ba Lords, Sentamu yavumirira emitendera gya "ensonga entuufu okuteebereza" egyakozesebwa poliisi. <ref name="hansard-1278">{{Cite web |date=27 July 2010 |title=Volume No. 720 – 27 July 2010 : Column 1278 |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld201011/ldhansrd/text/100727-0002.htm#10072739000568 |access-date=27 September 2011 |website=Hansard |publisher=Houses of Parliament}}</ref> === Robert Mugabe === [[File:John_Sentamu_York_City_v._AFC_Telford_United_1.png|right|thumb|Sentamu ng’ayambadde essaati y’abawandiisi nga temuli kintu kyayo kyeru, 2009]] Nga 9 December 2007, mu mboozi ey'akafubo ku ttivvi butereevu ne Andrew Marr ku BBC One, Sentamu yakola okwekalakaasa ng'awakanya pulezidenti [[Zimbabwe|wa Zimbabwe]] Robert Mugabe . Sentamu yaggye insert enjeru ku ssaati ye ey’abawandiisi n’agisala ng’alaga nti:   Mu December wa 2008, Sentamu yaddamu okwogera ku Mugabe n'agamba nti "Ekiseera kituuse Robert Mugabe ayanukule olw'ebikolobero bye yazza ku buntu, ku bannansi be n'abakazi n'obwenkanya bukolebwe". Nga 26 November 2017, Sentamu yaddayo mu ''pulogulaamu ya The Andrew Marr Show'' n'atuukiriza ekisuubizo kye eky'okuzzaawo enkokola ye ey'embwa oluvannyuma lwa Robert Mugabe okulekulira ku ntandikwa ya wiiki eno. Marr yamukwasizza envulopu eyalimu ebitundu by’enkokola ebyasalibwako mu kusooka. Ku kyo bwe yayogera   Oluvannyuma yayambadde enkokola empya ey’embwa gye yali aleese. Era agambye nti kiyinza okusoboka Bannazimbabwe okusonyiwa Mr Mugabe. "Mugabe yeetaaga okugamba Bannazimbabwe mu kiseera ekimu nti: 'Munsonyiwe'. Musajja mugezi nnyo nnyo era ndowooza alina obusobozi okukikola." === Obuzibu bw’ensimbi === Mu September wa 2008, Sentamu ne Ssaabalabirizi w’e Canterbury, Rowan Williams, baayogera ku kusuubula emigabo mu katale k’emigabo mu ngeri ey’omukisa. Sentamu yageraageranya abo abaali bakola okutunda emigabo gya HBOS mu bumpimpi, ekyavuddeko emiwendo gy'emigabo okukka, ku "babbi ba bbanka". <ref> https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7634641.stm</ref> === Okwegatta n’obufumbo === [[File:Archbishop_of_York,_Rev_Grace_Sentamu-Baverstock_(28449165817)_(cropped).jpg|right|thumb|Sentamu ne muwala we Grace Sentamu-Baverstock]] Sentamu enzaalwa ya Uganda yagambye nti [[:en:Uganda_Anti-Homosexuality_Bill|amateeka agakubaganyizibwako ebirowoozo mu Uganda]] agagenda okussa ekibonerezo ky'okufa ku bisiyaga n'abo ababawagira "gatulugunyizibwa". Yategeezezza BBC nti etteeka lino eriteeseddwa "litera okutabula enkolagana yonna ey'ebisiyaga n'ebyo by'oyita ebizibu era ekyo kye kizibu", kyokka nti Anglican Communion yali yeewaddeyo okukimanya nti abagaala ebisiyaga Katonda y'abiraba nga ba muwendo. <ref>https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/8429699.stm</ref> Emabegako, nga Omulabirizi w’ekitundu owa Stepney, yali omu ku balabirizi b’e Bungereza bana abaagaana okussa omukono ku ndagaano ya [[:en:Cambridge_Accord|Cambridge Accord]], okugezaako mu 1999 okufuna okukkaanya ku kukakasa eddembe ly’obuntu erimu ery’abasiyazi, wadde nga waliwo enjawukana mu kkanisa ku mpisa z’enneeyisa y’ebisiyaga. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cambridge Accord (with UK signatories and refusals to sign) |url=http://www.changingattitude.org/cambridge_accord.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020219212448/http://www.changingattitude.org/cambridge_accord.htm |archive-date=19 February 2002 |access-date=27 February 2011}}</ref> Mu 2012 yategeeza okuwakanya enteekateeka za gavumenti ez'okufuula [[:en:Same-sex_marriage_in_the_United_Kingdom|obufumbo bw'ekikula ekimu mu mateeka mu Bungereza]], ng'akakasa nti "Obufumbo nkolagana wakati w'omusajja n'omukazi, sirowooza nti mulimu gwa Gavumenti okunnyonnyola obufumbo kye buli" ne "Tulabye bannakyemalira [okuddamu okunnyonnyola obufumbo] mu mbeera ez'enjawulo era saagala kuddamu kunnyonnyola nsengeka za mbeera z'abantu ezitegeerekeka obulungi ennyo zibaddewo okumala ebbanga ddene." Mu kiseera kye kimu, yalaga obuwagizi eri [[:en:Civil_partnerships|enkolagana y’abantu]] ab’ekikula ekimu . "Bano [ [[:en:Civil_partnership_in_the_United_Kingdom|enkolagana z'obwannakyewa]] ] mu buli ngeri mu mpisa ndagaano ya kitiibwa ey'omukwano ogwewaddeyo." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sentamu |first=John |date=17 May 2012 |title=A Response on Marriage and Civil Partnerships |url=https://www.archbishopofyork.org/news/news-archive-previous-years/response-marriage-and-civil-partnerships |website=archbishopofyork.org |access-date=26 August 2026 |archive-date=25 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181125122804/https://www.archbishopofyork.org/news/news-archive-previous-years/response-marriage-and-civil-partnerships |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu 2016, bwe yali ayogerako ne [[:en:Piers_Morgan|Piers Morgan]], Sentamu yagamba nti tagenda kuyita bisiyaga ‘kibi’ era akyawagira ebibiina by’obwannakyewa ate ng’awakanya obufumbo bw’abasajja n’abakazi ab’ekikula ekimu. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170223001621/http://ugchristiannews.com/archbishop-john-sentamu-says-he-would-never-describe-homosexuality-as-a-sin/</ref> “Nwagira enkolagana y’obwannannyini kubanga ndowooza nti eyo nsonga ya bwenkanya, era nsonga ya bwenkanya, naye ku lwange, kyali kikyamu Gavumenti okugezaako okuddamu okunnyonnyola obutonde bw’obufumbo" bwe yagambye. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2016 |title=Archbishop John Sentamu: Homosexuality is not a sin, LGBT people were created in God's image too |url=https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2016/06/15/archbishop-john-sentamu-homosexuality-is-not-a-sin-lgbt-people-were-created-in-gods-image-too/ |access-date=25 November 2018 |website=PinkNews}}</ref> Mu 2017, Sentamu yayogera ng’awagira ekiteeso mu [[:en:General_Synod_of_the_Church_of_England|General Synod]] okusaba gavumenti okuwera okukozesa [[:en:Conversion_therapy|obujjanjabi obw’okukyusa]], enkola eriko enkaayana egenderera okukyusa obwagazi bw’omuntu. <ref>https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/church-of-england-bishops-ban-gay-conversion-therapy-pride-2016-lgbt-rights-a7831391.html</ref> Mu lutuula lwe lumu olwa General Synod, Sentamu yawagira ekiteeso ky'okuwaayo "okwaniriza n'okukakasa" abantu abakyusizza ekikula nga bammemba b'Ekkanisa ya Bungereza. <ref>s reference is used twice on this page.</ref> Bwabadde ayogera ku kusalawo kw'Omulangira [[:en:Catherine_Middleton|William]] ne [[:en:Cohabitation|Catherine Middleton okubeera bombi nga tebannaba kwanjula,]] Sentamu agambye nti okwewaayo kw'abaagalana bano mu lujjudde okubeera bombi obulamu bwabwe leero kyandibadde kikulu okusinga eby'emabega. Yagambye nti yakola emikolo gy'embaga eri "abaagalana bangi ababeera awamu" mu kiseera kye ng'omubaka wa Palamenti mu bugwanjuba bwa London, n'agamba nti, "Tubeera mu kiseera ng'abantu abamu, nga muwala wange bwe yagamba, baagala okugezesa oba amata malungi nga tebannagula nte." Era yagamba nti, "Eri abantu abamu awo we wali engendo zaabwe. Naye ekikulu, mu butuufu, si kumala gatunuulira byayita kubanga bagenda kuba bayimiridde mu Abbey nga bakola ebirayiro bino eby'ekitalo: 'for better for worse; for richer for poorer; in sickness and in health; till death us do part.'" <ref name="marriage" /> Mu kwogera kwe eri House of Lords nga 19 November 2007, yawakanya ebintu ebiri mu [[:en:Human_Fertilisation_and_Embryology_Act_2008|bbago ly'etteeka ly'okuzaala n'okuzaala embuto]] olw'okunoonya okuggyawo "obwetaavu bw'omwana obwa taata" mu nkola ya [[:en:IVF|IVF]] . Yagambye nti: "Kati twolekedde Ebbago erigenderera okufuula embeera mu butongole ng'obwetaavu bw'omusajja ow'enkomerero – obwa taata – buggyiddwawo mu bujjuvu." <ref>https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/04/03/easter-egg-row-church-england-accuses-national-trust-airbrushing/</ref> === Okuyigga amagi mu kitongole kya National Trust === Mu 2017 yanenya ekitongole kya [[:en:National_Trust|National Trust]] olw'oku "airbrushing out" eddiini okuva mu National Trust Egg Hunt. <ref>https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/04/03/easter-egg-row-church-england-accuses-national-trust-airbrushing/</ref> == Emirimu gye emirala == === Omuwandiisi w’emitwe === Sentamu abaddeko ssente mu [[:en:The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)|lupapula lw'amawulire olwa ''The Sun'']] <ref name="DT">This reference is used twice on this page.This reference is used twice on this page.</ref>, era mu 2012 yawaayo ku lupapula lwa ''Sun olusooka ku Ssande'' . Ensimbi zonna z’afuna mu by’amawulire zigenda mu ddwaaliro lya St Leonard’s Hospice e York, gy’ali pulezidenti waakyo. <ref name="DT" /> Mu gwomwenda 2007, Sentamu yawandiika mu mboozi ye nti bazadde b'omusajja eyabula [[:en:Madeleine_McCann|Madeleine McCann]], baali bakolebwako "kampeyini y'okuwuubaala" era nga balina eddembe [[:en:Presumption_of_innocence|okulowoozebwa nti talina musango]] . <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20090416202828/http://www.archbishopofyork.org/1068?q=mccann</ref> === Okubatiza mu lujjudde === Ku Ssande ya Paasika 2008, Sentamu yabatiza abantu 20 ng’annyika mu bujjuvu mu ttanka y’amazzi wabweru w’ekkanisa ya [[:en:St_Michael-le-Belfrey|St Michael-le-Belfrey]] e York. Ebikumi n’ebikumi by’abantu baalabye omukolo guno. === Okubuuka mu bbanga eri ekitongole kya Afghanistan Trust === Nga 6 ogwomukaaga 2008, Sentamu yamaliriza okubuuka mu bbanga okuva ku ffuuti 12,500 ng’ali n’omu ku ttiimu ya [[:en:Parachute_Regiment_(United_Kingdom)|Red D]]<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parachute_Regiment_(United_Kingdom)</ref>[[:en:Parachute_Regiment_(United_Kingdom)|evils]] eya parachute. Okubbira kuno kwabadde ku kisaawe ky’ennyonyi ekya Langar Airfield mu [[:en:Nottinghamshire|Nottinghamshire]], nga Sentamu agenderera okusonda pawundi 50,000 okuyamba ekitongole kya Afghanistan Trust. Omusuubuzi w’e Yorkshire, Guy Brudenell yali asoomoozezza Sentamu okukola okubuuka kuno ku kijjulo ky’abazirakisa era Brudenell naye yeetaba mu kubuuka ku lunaku olwo. <ref> https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/7439257.stm</ref> Mu kusiima ekyayogerwako nga "pluck" ye, oluvannyuma Sentamu yaweebwa obwammemba obw'ekitiibwa mu kibiina kya Parachute Regimental Association. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20090417045751/http://www.thepress.co.uk/search/4144156.Paras_recognise_Dr_John___s_pluck/</ref> Sentamu ne Brudenell basonze ssente ezisoba mu pawundi 75,000. <ref> https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/04/03/easter-egg-row-church-england-accuses-national-trust-airbrushing/</ref> === Emmeeri ya Hull Kingston Rovers === Nga 15 Ogwokuna 2011, Sentamu yayogera eri abadigize ku [[:en:Craven_Park,_Hull|Craven Park]] nga tebannaba kuzannya mupiira gwa Engage [[:en:Super_League|Super League Rugby league]] wakati wa [[:en:Hull_Kingston_Rovers|Hull Kingston Rovers]] ne [[V|Wigan Warriors]] . Yasabye abadigize okumwegattako mu kusaba nga batendereza empisa ennungi ez’okukolagana mu ttiimu n’okukwatagana mu mizannyo. Oluvannyuma yaweereddwa essaati ya Hull KR. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2023)">[[E|okujuliza kwetaagisa]]</span>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Okwemulugunya kw’enkola y’okukuuma == Mu May wa 2016, Sentamu yali omu ku balabirizi mukaaga abavunaanibwa emisango emibi egy’emitendera egyakolebwa omuntu eyasimattuka [[:en:Child_sex_abuse|okutulugunyizibwa kw’abaana]] (okulumiriza kwali kukwata ku ngeri okwemulugunya gye kwakwatibwamu; tewali n’omu ku mukaaga yali yeenyigira mu kutulugunyizibwa kuno). Sentamu yayogerwako mu lupapula [[:en:Guardian_newspaper|''lwa The Guardian'']] <ref>This reference is used twice on this page.</ref> [[:en:Guardian_newspaper|ne ''Church Times'']] <ref>"Goddard Inquiry begins to sift through Church's evidence".</ref> [[:en:Guardian_newspaper|ng’ali wamu ne Peter Burrows, Steven Croft, Martyn Snow, Glyn Webster ne Roy Williamson,]] ng’ensonga y’okwemulugunya kwa Clergy Disciplinary Measure olw’obutakola ku kwolesebwa kw’oyo eyasimattuka. Abalabirizi baawakanyizza okwemulugunya kuno kubanga kwakolebwa oluvannyuma lw’ekkomo ly’ekkanisa lye yali yeetaaga okumala omwaka gumu. Sentamu yali akkirizza nti yafunye ebbaluwa okuva eri eyasimattuse ng'akakasa nti "asaba okuyita mu kiseera kino eky'okugezesebwa". Wabula okusinziira ku lipoota ''ya Guardian'', tewali kyakoleddwa ku muntu agambibwa okutulugunya wadde obuwagizi obwaweebwa eyasimattuse ekkanisa. Omwogezi wa ssaabalabirizi yategeezezza nti Sentamu yamaze kukkiriza kkopi y’ebbaluwa eyawandiikiddwa omulabirizi omulala. "Eyasooka okufuna ebbaluwa eno yalina omulimu gw'okuddamu so si ssaabalabirizi", omwogezi bwe yagambye. Abalabirizi bonna omukaaga balabiseeko ku brocuwa y’okwekalakaasa eyasigaddewo gye yagabye Steven Croft bwe yatuuzibwa ku ntebe y’Omulabirizi w’e Oxford. Mu April wa 2018 kyategeezebwa nti Sentamu n’abalabirizi abalala bana baali banoonyezebwa Poliisi y’e South Yorkshire olw’okulemererwa okwanukula obulungi lipoota y’okutulugunya abaana mu by’amadiini. Ekiwandiiko ekyafulumizibwa mu June 2013, ekyalabibwa ''The Times'' n’emikutu emirala kyalaga nti Sentamu yali afunye ebigambibwa kyokka n’awa amagezi ‘tewali kikolebwa’. Faaza gwe bavunaanibwa yafa bwe yeetuga ng’ebula olunaku lumu agenda mu kkooti mu June 2017. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20090417045751/http://www.thepress.co.uk/search/4144156.Paras_recognise_Dr_John___s_pluck/</ref> Ofiisi ya Ssaabalabirizi w’e York yagamba nti:{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}Ekiwandiiko ''[[:en:Guardian_News|kya Guardian]]'' kyalaga enjawulo mu ngeri Ssaabalabirizi Sentamu gye yazzeemu ekiwandiiko okuva ewa [[:en:Justin_Welby|Ssaabalabirizi Welby]] mu IICSA, [[:en:Independent_Inquiry_into_Child_Sexual_Abuse|Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse]], Justin Welby mwe yayogedde Matt Ineson, eyatulugunyizibwa era eyasimattuka ku mutima gw’omusango guno, asabye Ssaabalabirizi Sentamu n’Omulabirizi Steven Croft balekulire. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 March 2018 |title=Call for the Resignation of Archbishop John Sentamu and Bishop Steven Croft |url=https://www.thinkinganglicans.org.uk/archives/007826.html |access-date=15 April 2018 |website=Thinking Anglicans}}</ref> Mu 2023, Lord Sentamu yasabibwa [[:en:Bishop_of_Newcastle_(England)|Omulabirizi w'e Newcastle]] okudda emabega okuva mu buweereza obw'amaanyi ng'omuyambi w'omulabirizi mu [[:en:Diocese_of_Newcastle|bulabirizi bw'e Newcastle]] "okutuusa ng'ebizuuliddwa n'engeri gy'azzeemu byombi bisobola okwongera okunoonyezebwa" oluvannyuma lw'okuddamu okwetegereza okwetongodde okunenya okulemererwa kwe okukola oluvannyuma lw'okutegeezebwa ku Ineson okugamba nti yatulugunyizibwa. <ref>https://www.churchtimes.co.uk/articles/2016/29-july/news/uk/goddard-inquiry-begins-to-sift-through-church-s-evidence</ref> == Ebijjuliziddwa == [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] 2ouohy9zsqgwh3iyxmxaildijflw18j Oscar Chelimo 0 15605 74392 73008 2026-09-10T06:02:31Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 74392 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}    '''Oscar Chelimo''' (yazaalibwa nga 12 oggwekkuminebiri 2001)<ref name="WAprofile">{{Cite web |title=Oscar Chelimo |url=https://worldathletics.org/athletes/uganda/oscar-chelimo-14805793 |access-date=11 July 2020 |website=World Athletics}}</ref> Munnayuganda omuddusi w'emisinde emiwanvu .Yawangula omudaali gw'ekikomo mu misinde gya mmita 5000 mu mpaka z'ensi yonna eza 2022 . Mukulu we, [[Jacob Kiplimo]] naye muddusi wa misinde emiwanvu egy’ekika ekya waggulu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sampaolo |first=Diego |date=2021-03-19 |title=Kiplimo set to star at Campaccio cross country |url=https://www.worldathletics.org/competitions/world-athletics-cross-country-tour/news/campaccio-cross-country-2021-preview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230101014312/https://www.worldathletics.org/competitions/world-athletics-cross-country-tour/news/campaccio-cross-country-2021-preview |archive-date=2023-01-01 |access-date=2022-12-31 |website=[[World Athletics]]}}</ref> == Omulimu == Mu 2018, Oscar Chelimo yamalira mu kifo kya musanvu mu misinde gya mmita 5000 egy’abasajja mu mpaka z’ensi yonna ezaaliwo mu kibuga Tampere, Finland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Men's 5000 metres |url=https://media.aws.iaaf.org/competitiondocuments/pdf/6082/AT-5000-M-f----.RS6.pdf?v=-687918969 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715231934/https://media.aws.iaaf.org/competitiondocuments/pdf/6082/AT-5000-M-f----.RS6.pdf?v=-687918969 |archive-date=15 July 2020 |access-date=15 July 2020 |website=2018 IAAF World U20 Championships}}</ref> Yavuganya ne mu misinde gya mmita 3000 egy’abalenzi mu mizannyo gya Olympics egy’abavubuka e Buenos Aires, Argentina n’awangula omudaali gw’ekikomo.<ref name="WAprofile" /> Yakiikirira [[Uganda]] mu mizannyo gya Afrika egya 2019 egyali e Rabat, Morocco, ng’adduka mu misinde gy’abasajja 5000m event namalira mu kifo kyakutaano.<ref name="WAprofile" /> Mu mwaka gwe gumu, yavuganya ne mu misinde gya 5000 egy’abasajjam mu mpaka z’ensi yonna eza 2019 ezaali e Doha, Qatar, wadde nga teyayitamu kuvuganya ku fayinolo.<ref name="WAprofile" /> Mu 2020, yawangula emisinde gy’abasajja egya kiromita 5 ku luguudo mu mpaka za BOclassic ezaali e Bolzano, Italy. Nga 12 May 2021, Chelimo yavuganya mu misinde gya 5000m mu kibuga Bergamo, Italy, n’amalira mu kyokusatu mu ddakiika 13:06.79, obudde bw’okusunsulamu abagenda okuzannya Olympics. Ekiddako yavuganya mu mpaka za Ostrava Golden Spike ez’omulundi ogwe 60 mu misinde gya 3000m, gye yakwata ekyokusatu mu ddakiika 7:43.00. Yamalira mu kya 16 mu misinde gya 5000m mu mizannyo gya Olympics egya 2020 egy’e Tokyo egyayongezebwayo mu August.<ref name="WAprofile" /> Chelimo yawangula omudaali gw’ekikomo mu misinde gya 5000m mu mpaka z’ensi yonna eza 2022 ezaali mu kibuga Eugene mu ssaza ly’e Oregon mu ggwomusanvu, era n’afuna obuwanguzi bwe obw’okubiri mu mpaka za BOclassic ku kiro ekikeesa mu mwaka omupya ( 10km ).<ref name="WAprofile" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sampaolo |first=Diego |date=2022-12-31 |title=Chelimo and Seyaum end year with wins in Bolzano |url=https://worldathletics.org/news/report/boclassic-bolzano-chelimo-seyaum |access-date=2023-01-01 |website=[[World Athletics]]}}</ref> Mu ggwokuna gwa 2023 Chelimo yakola endagaano ne kkampuni ya On Running.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Athletes Oscar Chelimo |url=https://www.on-running.com/en-il/stories/oscar-chelimo |access-date=April 24, 2023 |website=On |archive-date=April 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425034555/https://www.on-running.com/en-il/stories/oscar-chelimo |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ebituukiddwaako == === Empaka z’ensi yonna === {|{{AchievementTable|nation=UGA|Event=yes|Result=yes|NotesOff=yes}} |- |2017 |[[2017 IAAF World U18 Championships|World U18 Championships]] |[[Nairobi]], Kenya |5th |3000 m |[[2017 IAAF World U18 Championships#Boys|8:17.57]] |- |rowspan=3|2018 |[[2018 IAAF World U20 Championships|World U20 Championships]] |[[Tampere]], Finland |7th |5000 m |[[2018 IAAF World U20 Championships – Men's 5000 metres|14:00.68]] |- |[[Athletics at the 2018 African Youth Games|African Youth Games]] |[[Algiers]], Algeria |bgcolor=silver|2nd |3000 m |[[Athletics at the 2018 African Youth Games#Boys|8:00.72]] |- |[[Athletics at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics|Youth Olympic Games]] |[[Buenos Aires]], Argentina |bgcolor=cc9966|3rd |3000 m |[[Athletics at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics – Boys' 3000 metres|4 pts]] |- |rowspan=5|2019 |rowspan=2|[[2019 IAAF World Cross Country Championships|World Cross Country Championships]] |rowspan=2|[[Aarhus]], Denmark |bgcolor=cc9966|3rd |U20 race |[[2019 IAAF World Cross Country Championships#Medalists|23:55]] |- |bgcolor=silver|2nd |U20 team |[[2019 IAAF World Cross Country Championships#Medalists|32 pts]] |- |[[2019 African U18 and U20 Championships in Athletics|African U20 Championships]] |[[Abidjan]], Ivory Coast |6th |5000 m |[[2019 African U18 and U20 Championships in Athletics#Men (U20)|13:54.88]] |- |[[Athletics at the 2019 African Games|African Games]] |[[Rabat]], Morocco |5th |5000 m |[[Athletics at the 2019 African Games – Men's 5000 metres|13:32.96]] |- |[[2019 World Athletics Championships|World Championships]] |[[Doha]], Qatar |28th (h) |5000 m |[[2019 World Athletics Championships – Men's 5000 metres|13:42.94]] |- |2021 |[[Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] |[[Tokyo]], Japan |16th |5000 m |[[Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's 5000 metres|13:44.45]] |- |2022 |[[2022 World Athletics Championships|World Championships]] |[[Eugene, Oregon|Eugene, United States]] |bgcolor=cc9966|3rd |5000 m |[[2022 World Athletics Championships – Men's 5000 metres|13:10.20]] |- |2023 |[[2023 World Athletics Championships|World Championships]] |[[Budapest, Hungary]] |5th (h) |5000 m |[[2023 World Athletics Championships – Men's 5000 metres|13:33.40]]<sup>1</sup> |- |2024 |[[Athletics at the 2024 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] |[[Paris, France]] |20th |5000 m |[[Athletics at the 2024 Summer Olympics – Men's 5000 metres|13:31.56]] |- |2025 |[[2025 World Athletics Championships|World Championships]] |[[Tokyo, Japan]] |18th |10,000 m |[[2025 World Athletics Championships – Men's 10,000 metres|29:26.66]] |- |2026 |[[Athletics at the 2026 Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Games]] |[[Glasgow, United Kingdom]] |12th |10,000 m |[[Athletics at the 2026 Commonwealth Games – Men's 10,000 metres|28:10.49]] |}<sup>1</sup> Teyamalira ku fayinolo === Ebisinga obulungi bye yakola === * Mita 1500 – 3:47.48 ( [[Milam County, Texas|Milan]] 2019) * Mita 3000 – 7:33.93 ( Budapest 2025). * Mita 5000 – 13:00.42 ( [[Brussels]] 2022) ; Oluguudo * Kiromita 5 – 13:17 ( Bolzano 2020) * Kiromita 10 – 28:06 ( Arezzo 2021) == Ebiwandiiko ebikozeseddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] [[Category:Abazanyi bemizannyo mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abaddusi b'emisinde mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abazaalibwa mu 2001]] [[Category:Abaddusi b'misinde emiwanvu]] 6zhkp2n0lh6lx7v8m5gs1agd94v92wb William Banage 0 15619 74403 73022 2026-09-10T08:24:14Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 74403 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''William Banage''', era amanyiddwa nga William Bazeterra Banage (yazaalibwa 27 Ogwomwenda 1933), [[Munnayuganda]] omukugu mu nsolo, musomi, era munnabyabufuzi eyaweereza nga Minisita w'amakolero g'ebisolo, ebisolo n'obuvubi mu kabineti ya [[Idi Amin]] eyasooka mu 1971.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |date=2023-10-31 |title=Contrasting Amin, Obote and Museveni Cabinets |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/people-power/contrasting-amin-obote-and-museveni-cabinets-3460704 |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Dunsmore, Rev. Barry William, (born 27 Jan. 1954), Minister, Cathedral Church of St Machar, Aberdeen, since 2015|date=2007-12-01|work=Who's Who|url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u44786|access-date=2026-08-26|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Kabejja |first=Hasifa |date=2021-11-29 |title=Mak-CoNAS Researchers Launch Project to Explore Forage Resources for Stingless Bees in Uganda |url=https://news.mak.ac.ug/2021/11/mak-conas-researchers-launch-project-to-explore-forage-resources-for-stingless-bees-in-uganda/ |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=Makerere University News |language=en-US |archive-date=2026-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260827161304/https://news.mak.ac.ug/2021/11/mak-conas-researchers-launch-project-to-explore-forage-resources-for-stingless-bees-in-uganda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Obuto n'obuyigirize bwe == Banage yazaalibwa nga 27 Ogwomwenda 1933 mu kitundu kya Tooro mu [[Uganda]]. Yasomera ku [[Nyakasura School|ssomero lya Nyakasura]] e [[Fort Portal]] nga tanaba kwegatta ku [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivaiste y'e Makerere]], gye yasomera ssaayansi w’ebiramu n’ebyobulimi. Oluvannyuma yagenda e Bungereza okusoma diguli eyookubiri ku yunivasite y'e Durham, gye yafunira diguli ya Doctor of Philosophy (DPhil) mu 1960.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-10 |title=Nyakasura, the infectious academic giant |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/education/nyakasura-the-infectious-academic-giant-1519734 |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Banage omulimu yagutandikira mu kitongole ky’ebyobulimi e [[Makerere University, Uganda|Makerere]], ng’akuguse mu by’okulunda ebisolo nga tannafuuka musomesa mukulu mu kitongole ky’eby’ebisolo era mu 1968, yafuuka akulira ekitongole kino.<ref>https://www.studocu.com/row/document/makerere-university/education/makerere-the-university-is-born-lecture-notes-school-of-education-semester/21533730</ref><ref name=":02" /> Oluvannyuma yayingira ebyobufuzi. Oluvanyuma lwa [[Idi Amin]] okugoba [[Milton Obote]] nga 25 Ogwolubereberye 1971, Amin yakola Kabineti ye eyasooka mu Gwokubiri 1971, n’amulonda okuba Minisita w’amakolero g’ebisolo, n’obuvubi. Kyokka Banage teyamala bbanga ddene mu kabineti ya Amin kubanga nga 30 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1972, Amin yagoba baminisita abawerako, okuli ye, [[Apollo Kironde]], ne Yekosofati Engur.<ref name=":02" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Abu Mayanja: A Life in Ugandan Politics - Obituary |url=https://studylib.net/doc/7742092/a-biography-abu-mayanja-never-lived-to-read |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=studylib.net |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=ugandansatheart |date=2009-02-03 |title=Amin’s 1st cabinet |url=https://ugandansatheart.wordpress.com/2009/02/03/amins-1st-cabinet/ |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=Ugandans-At-Heart |language=en}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’okuva mu gavumenti, Banage yagenda mu buwanganguse wakati mu mbeera y’ebyobufuzi enzibu ku mulembe gwa Idi Amin. Oluvannyuma yafuuka pulofeesa mu yunivasite y'e Zambia. Oluvannyuma lw’emyaka egiwerako ng’ali bweru wa ggwanga, yakomawo mu Uganda ng’ayita mu nteekateeka ya United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Transfer of Knowledge Through Expatriate Nationals (TOKTEN), eyasobozesa abakugu mu Africa ababeera ebweru w’eggwanga okuwaayo obukugu bwabwe mu bitongole mu nsi zaabwe. Banage yasooka kudda mu yunivasite y’e Makerere ku mulimu gwa TOKTEN ogw’ekiseera ekitono. Kyokka oluvannyuma lw’endagaano gye yalina ne Yunivasite y’e [[Zambia]] okuggwaako, yasalawo okusigala mu Uganda oluvannyuma n’adda e Makerere enkalakkalira.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Vision |title=Grasshoppers invade California |url=https://www.newvision.co.ugnull/ |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=New Vision}}</ref><ref name=":22">{{Cite book |title=Read |url=https://www.nationalacademies.org/read/12828/chapter/1 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":12" /><ref name=":02" /><ref name=":32">{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Vision |title=Sciences Academy Honours Nsibambi |url=https://www.newvision.co.ugnull/ |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=New Vision}}</ref> Yagenda mu maaso n’okusoma mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]] oluvannyuma n’afuuka Emeritus Professor of Zoology mu yunivasite eno. Era yali muyizi ku ttendekero lya [[Uganda National Academy of Sciences]] (UNAS).<ref name=":32" /><ref name=":22" /> == Laba ne == * [[Herbert Kanabi Nsubuga]] * [[Joshua Wanume Kibedi]] * [[Emmanuel Bwayo Wakhweya]] * [[Charles Oboth Ofumbi]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Abantu abaasomerako ku Ttendekero ly'e Makerere]] [[Category:Abantu abaazalibwa mu 1933]] p00saen5xlnjjykh4nqrzfk0kb5roux Tofiri Kibuuka 0 15655 74399 73579 2026-09-10T07:49:57Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 74399 wikitext text/x-wiki {{MedalTableTop}} '''Tofiri Kibuuka''' (yazaalibwa mu 1947 mu [[Mukono (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Mukono]], Uganda<ref name="citation">{{Cite web |last=Nabanoba |first=Sylvia |date=30 April 2004 |title=Uganda's Kibuuka Flies Norway's Flag |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200404300328.html |publisher=[[allAfrica]] |access-date=28 August 2026 |archive-date=12 June 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040612183020/http://allafrica.com/stories/200404300328.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ) munnabyamizannyo enzaalwa ya Uganda Muddusi wa Norway.Azze yeetaba mu mizannyo gyombi egya Winter Paralympic Games, mu cross-country skiing (ku lwa Uganda) ne mu Summer Paralympic Games, mu misinde egy’ebanga ery’omu makkati n’egyewala (ku lwa Norway).Azze azannya okuva mu 1976 okutuuka mu 2000, yawangula emidaali gya ffeeza etaano egya Paralympic, n’ekikomo kimu. == Ebimukwatako ng'omuntu == Alina ekitiibwa ky’okubeera Omufirika eyasooka okuvuganya mu mpaka za Winter Paralympics, era okutwalira awamu ye munnabyamizannyo yekka okuva mu ggwanga ery’obutiti eyakikuba nga 2014 tannatuuka . Era y’omu ku Baddugavu ababiri bokka abaavuganyizza mu mizannyo gya Winter Games, omulala ye Bruce Warner owa [[South Africa]] . Kibuuka yaziba amaaso ku myaka 13 olw’obulwadde obw’okuvunda. == Nga tebannaba kuzannya Paralympics == Kibuuka yasomera ku Outward Bound School mu [[Kenya]] .<ref name="citation"/> Mu 1968, y’omu ku bazibe b’amaaso abaasooka okutuuka obulungi ku ntikko y’olusozi [[Kilimanjaro]],<ref name="TBT">{{Cite web |date=June 9, 2016 |title=Throwback Thursday: Uganda's Tofiri Kibuuka |url=https://www.paralympic.org/news/throwback-thursday-uganda-s-tofiri-kibuuka |access-date=August 20, 2025 |publisher=International Paralympic Committee}}</ref><ref name="citation"/> nasimibwa nnyo ku mikutu gy’amawulire nga kw’otadde n’okutenderezebwa okuva eri Minisita w’abakozi mu Uganda. Olw'omukolo guno, yayitibwa e Norway "ekitongole ekitumbula emizannyo gy'abalema". Yatuuka e Norway mu 1972, nga wakayita omwaka gumu bukya Idi Amin ayingira mu buyinza mu Uganda. Olw’embeera eyali mu Uganda, yalina okusigala mu Norway aberereyo ddala, kyokka wadde kyali kityo yavuganya ku lwa Uganda mu myaka gya 1970s.<ref name="citation" /> == Emizannyo gya Paralympics mu biseera by'obunyogovu == Kibuuka yasookera mu mizannyo gya Paralympic [[Uganda|ng’akiikirira Uganda]] mu mpaka za Winter Paralympics ezaali mu 1976 e Örnsköldsvik, Sweden. Ye yekka eyakikirira eggwanga lye, ate nga wekyali nti Uganda y'ensi yokka mu Afrika eyalina okuvuganya, ye Mufirika eyasooka okwetaba mu mpaka za Winter Paralympics nga wabulayo emyaka munaana Lamine Guèye owa [[Senegal]] okufuuka Omufirika eyasooka okuvuganya mu mizannyo gya Olympics egy’omusana . Mu mizannyo egyaliyo mu 1976, yetaba mu mpaka bbiri ezategekebwa. * Mu misinde gy’abasajja egy’obuwanvu bwa kiromita 10 (ettuluba A), yamalira mu kifo kya 16 (ku 28), n’obudde bwa 58:24. * Mu misinde gy’abasajja emimpi egya kiromita 15 (ettuluba A), yamalira mu kifo kya 10 (ku 25), n’obudde bwa 1:16:32. Yaddamu navuganya mu 1980, gye yaddamu okubeera omufirika yekka eyavuganya mwezo empaka.<ref name="IPC">{{Cite web |title=Tofiri Kibuuka |url=https://www.paralympic.org/tofiri-kibuuka |access-date= |website=Paralympic.org |publisher=[[International Paralympic Committee]]}}</ref> Yetaba mu misinde gya mirundi ebiri: * Mu misinde gy’abasajja egy’obuwanvu bwa kiromita 10 (ettuluba 5B), yamalira mu kifo kya 12 (ku 31), n’obudde bwa 49:52. * Mu misinde gy’abasajja emiwanvu egya kiromita 20 (ettuluba 5B), yamalira mu kifo kya 11 (ku 30), n’obudde bwa 1:42:17.<ref name="IPC"/> Teyaddamu kwetaba mu mpaka za Winter Paralympics. Oluvanyuma lw'okufuna obutuuze mu Norway, yatandika okuzanyira Norway mu mpaka za Summer Paralympics. 3zf24tb2h9xa8yqvihchvb8a61sooid Rukidi IV owa Tooro 0 15666 74402 73297 2026-09-10T08:20:50Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 74402 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Rukirabasaija Oyo Nyimba Kabamba Iguru Rukidi IV''' (Omukama Oyo) (16 Ogwokuna 1992 – 27 Ogwomunaana 2026), yali [[Omukama owa Tooro|Omukama wa Tooro]] mu [[Uganda]] okuva mu 1995 okutuuka mu 2026. Yali mutabani wa [[Omukama w'e Tooro|Omukama Patrick David Matthew Kaboyo Rwamuhokya Olimi III]] ne [[Best Kemigisa|Omugo Best Kemigisa]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Omukama Oyo celebrates 29th birthday |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/98591 |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Mu 1995, Oyo yatuula ku ntebe, n’afuuka omukulembeze w'Obukama bwa Tooro ow’omulundi ogw'ekkumi n'esatu obwali bumaze emyaka 180, n'afuuka Omukulembeze w'ensikirano ekyasinze obuto mu nsi yonna eyatandika okufuga ku myaka esatu gyokka.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Gabbi Shaw |last2=Caroline Praderio |title=16 of the youngest monarchs in history |url=https://www.insider.com/youngest-monarchs-in-history-2017-2 |access-date=2022-09-09 |website=Insider |language=en-US}}</ref> == Obuto bwe n’okusoma kwe == Okufa kwa kitaawe, Omukama Kaboyo mu 1995 kwategeeza nti omulangira ono yalina okutwala obuvunaanyizibwa obw'okudda mu bigere by'Omukama mu myaka gye egy’obuto. Ku ssaawa 8 ez’ekiro nga 12 Ogwomwenda 1995, nga wayise wiiki emu nga omugenzi aziikiddwa, emikolo gy’okukwasa Oyo obuyinza gyatandika okuteekebwa mu nkola. Rukidi IV yafuuka Omukulembeze ow'ensikirano ow'omulembe guno asinga obuto ku myaka 3 gyokka.<ref name=":0" /> Emikolo gyalimu okutuukiriza akalombolombo ak'olutalo olw'oku mulyango gw'olubiri olwalwanibwa wakati w'abalwanyi b'omulabe w'omulangira "omujeemu" n'eggye ly'Obukama, n'okugezaako okulemesa okutuuza Rukidi IV. ''Omusuuga'' (omukulu w<nowiki>'ekika ky'Olulyo oluvaamu Omukama) yakoowoola balubaale okukuba omulangira afe singa aba nga si wa musaayi gwa lulyo oluvaamu Omukama. Rukidi IV bwe yayita ku mutendera guno, yakkirizibwa okukuba eŋŋoma ya Nyalebe. Eno y'eŋŋoma enkulu ey''</nowiki>Abachwezi, ekubibwa abeera agenda okufuuka Omukama nga bajjajjaa be abaamusooka bwe bajjanga bakola.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tooro Kingdom – His Royal Highness King Oyo Nyimba Kabamba Iguru Rukidi IV |url=https://toorokingdom.org/ |access-date=2026-08-28 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://madisonmanor.co.za/blog/king-oyo-of-uganda/ |access-date=2026-08-28 |website=madisonmanor.co.za}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tooro Kingdom – His Royal Highness King Oyo Nyimba Kabamba Iguru Rukidi IV |url=https://toorokingdom.org/ |access-date=2026-08-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ku ssaawa nnya ez’oku makya, Rukidi IV yatikkirwa engule n'afuuka Omukama wa Tooro wakati mu bantu abaali bajaganya n’ayingira ''olubiri lw’e Karuziika'' olusangibwa e ''Nyamunyaka''. Emikolo gy’ebyobuwangwa (''Emirwa y’Obuhangwa'') gyaddiriwa egy'eddiini egyakulemberwa Omulabirizi eyawummula ow'Obulabirizi bwa Rwenzori, Eustance Kamanyire. [[Yoweri Museveni|Pulezidenti Museveni]] yeetaba ku Matikkira gano, n’akubagiza n'Omukama Oyo olw'okufiirwa kitaawe.  Ng’akyali mwana muto, ng’oggyeeko emirimu gye emitongole, Rukidi IV yagenda ku ssomero n’azannyanga n’emikwano. Wabula olw'obukulu bwe, yawalirizibwanga okubeeranga n'omukuumi n'okusomera mu masomero ag'obwannannyini. Rukidi IV yamala emyaka ebiri mu kibuga London era n’asomerayo omutendera gwa nassale. Bwe yakomawo e Uganda yasomera mu ssomero lya Aga Khan Primary School mu Kampala. Oluvannyuma yeegatta ku [[Kampala International School|Kampala International School Uganda]] gye yasomera siniya ng'anyumirwa nnyo essomo ly'okukuba n'okusiiga ebifaananyi, okuyimba, okubala, n’okuwuga. Oluvannyuma yeewandiisa okusoma ddiguli mu byobusuubuzi okuva mu yunivasite ya Winchester mu Bungereza. Mu Gwekkumi 2013, Rukidi IV yatikkirwa ddiguli eno mu yunivasite y'emu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 October 2013 |title=King Oyo To Graduate Today – Red Pepper Uganda |url=https://www.redpepper.co.ug/king-oyo-to-graduate-today/ |access-date=2019-06-12 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120101959/https://redpepper.co.ug/king-oyo-to-graduate-today/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Obukulembeze bwe == Abakuza basatu baalondebwa okulabirira n'okukuza Rukidi IV okutuusa lwe yafuuka Omukama era nga bamuyambako n'okuddukanya ensonga ez'obuwangwa bw'Obukama mu kiseera ng'akyali muto. Mu kiseera we yatuuzibwa ku ntebe, abakuza be abasatu kwaliko John Katuramu eyali Katikkiro we (Omuhiikirwa), Rev. Canon James Rabwoni ne Mgr. Thomas Kisembo. Ate mu 2002, abakuza abalala basatu baalondebwa okwali; Prof. Oswald Ndolereire, Zerio Byabagambi ne Isaiah Kalya ne baweereza okutuusa mu 2007. Oluvannyuma obuvunaanyizibwa ne bukwasibwa Rev. Richard Baguma, George Nyakairu ne Justin Bakahumura okutuusa Omukama Oyo lwe yaweza emyaka 18, mu 2010 ne yeetongola.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-11 |title=Inside King Oyo’s enthronement at age 3 in 1995 |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/inside-king-oyo-s-enthronement-at-age-3-in-1995-5189106 |access-date=2026-08-28 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2021-01-24 |title=How Tooro Kingdom was run by a young king |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/how-tooro-kingdom-was-run-by-a-young-king-1471838 |access-date=2026-08-28 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Mu bakuza abalala ab'enkizo mwe mwali nnyina Omugo, [[Best Kemigisa]], ssenga we [[Princess Elizabeth of Tooro|Omumbejja Elizabeth Bagaaya]], Kabaka [[Muwenda Mutebi II, Kabaka wa Buganda|Ronald Muwenda Mutebi II]], Naabagereka [[Sylvia Nagginda]] ne Pulezidenti [[Yoweri Museveni]].<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-08-26 |title=Unveiling King Oyo of Uganda: The Untold Story of a Legendary Monarch {{!}} Madison Manor |url=https://madisonmanor.co.za/blog/king-oyo-of-uganda/ |access-date=2026-08-28 |website=madisonmanor.co.za |language=en-US}}</ref> Muamar Gaddafi yali mukuumi w’Obukama bwa Tooro ng’alina enkolagana ey’oku lusegere n’olulyo olulangira e Tooro. Mu 2001, Rukidi IV oyalina emyaka omwenda yatuuma Gaddafi erinnya "omukuumi" w'Obukama era n'amuyita okwetaba mu bikujjuko by'okujaguza emyaka mukaaga egy'okutikkirwa ku ntebe mu 2001. Gaddafi yali awaddeyo ssente mu Bukama, n’ayambako okusasula ssente z’okuddaabiriza olubiri mu Fort Portal. (Okusinziira ku Esawu UCU).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-23 |title=Tooro Kingdom, where Gaddafi still rules |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/tooro-kingdom-where-gaddafi-still-rules-1528250 |access-date=2026-08-28 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Okufa kwe == Akawungeezi ka 27 Ogwomunaana 2026, amawulire gaatandika okusaasaana ennyo ku mikutu gya yintaneeti mu Uganda nga gagamba nti Rukidi IV yali afiiridde mu [[America|Amerika]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-27 |title=Unverified Reports Claim King Oyo of Tooro Kingdom Has Died |url=https://nymynet.com/unverified-reports-claim-king-oyo-of-tooro-kingdom-has-died/ |access-date=2026-08-27 |website=Nymy Net |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ssaabaminisita w’Obukama yasooka kusazaamu eby'okumubika, kyokka n'agamba nti yali mu mbeera mbi kwe kusaba Bannayuganda bamuteeke mu ssaala zaabwe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-27 |title=King Oyo in critical condition, prime minister urges prayer and restraint |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/king-oyo-in-critical-condition-prime-minister-urges-prayer-and-restraint-5573578 |access-date=2026-08-27 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Naye ate ku ssaawa 4:00 ez’ekiro ekyo, EAT, Ssaabaminisita yakomawo n'ategeeza ensi nti Rukidi yali akakasiddwa nti afiiridde mu Amerika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-27 |title=Omukama Oyo dies at 34, kingdom assures continuity of the crown |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/omukama-oyo-dies-at-34-kingdom-assures-continuity-of-the-crown-5573838 |access-date=2026-09-10 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Yalina emyaka 34.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ashaba |first=Alex |date=27 August 2026 |title=World's youngest king: Tooro's Omukama Oyo dies, heir announced |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/world-s-youngest-king-tooro-s-omukama-oyo-dies-heir-announced-5573838 |access-date=27 August 2026 |work=[[Daily Monitor]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=27 August 2026 |title=King Oyo Dies at 34, Tooro Premier Says Monarch Leaves Prince as Heir |url=https://chimpreports.com/king-oyo-dies-at-34-tooro-premier-says-monarch-leaves-prince-as-heir/ |access-date=27 August 2026 |work=ChimpReports}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2026-08-27 |title=Omukama Oyo dies at 34, kingdom assures continuity of the crown |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/omukama-oyo-dies-at-34-kingdom-assures-continuity-of-the-crown-5573838 |access-date=2026-08-27 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Ekitiibwa kye == Rukidi IV yali ''Omukama'', ekitegeeza "Kabaka," ne ''Rukirabasaija'', ekitegeeza "omukulu mu bantu." Wadde nga yali atwalibwa ng’omukulembeze ow’obwannannyini ow’Abatooro, obuyinza bwa Rukidi IV bwakoma ku mirimu gya buwangwa. Omutwe gwe mu bujjuvu n'erinnya lye yali ''Rukirabasaija Omukama Oyo Nyimba Kabamba-Iguru Rukidi IV'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ivan |first=Mubiru |date=2026-08-28 |title=PROFILE: Who Was King Oyo Nyimba Kabamba Iguru Rukidi IV? |url=https://www.watchdoguganda.com/news/20260828/197192/profile-who-was-king-oyo-nyimba-kabamba-iguru-rukidi-iv.html |access-date=2026-08-28 |website=Watchdog Uganda |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Omukululo gwe == Obufuzi bwa Kabaka Oyo bubadde bunnyonnyolwa nnyo olw’okwewaayo kwe eri enkyukakyuka mu by’enfuna n’embeera z’abantu mu Bwakabaka bwa Tooro, ng’essira aliteeka ku kunyweza abavubuka, ebyobulamu, ebyobulimi ebiwangaala, n’okukuuma obuwangwa. Ng’akulira mu maaso g’abantu nga kabaka asinga obuto mu nsi yonna afuga, yakyuka n’afuuka omukulembeze omuyiiya eyakozesa omukutu gwe okulwanirira pulojekiti z’enkulaakulana n’okuyamba abantu be yali afuga. Nga nnantameggwa w'ebyobulamu by'abantu, yalondebwa nga nnantameggwa w'ebyobuwangwa mu siriimu ne mukenenya mu bavubuka okuva mu UNAID, ng'akola nnyo okukulembera kampeyini z'ebyobulamu mu kitundu okulwanirira enteekateeka ya "End AIDS by 2030". <ref>{{Cite web |title=King Oyo Nyimba Kabamba Iguru Rukiidi IV of the Tooro Kingdom in Uganda |url=https://www.unaids.org/en/aboutunaids/unaidsambassadors/king-oyo-uganda |access-date=August 28, 2026 |website=UNAIDS}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 20, 2016 |title=King Oyo Wants Kingdom Free From HIV By 2030 |url=https://chimpreports.com/king-oyo-wants-kingdom-free-from-hiv-by-2030/ |access-date=August 28, 2026 |website=ChimpReports}}</ref> Okusobola okutumbula embeera z’abantu mu kitundu, yatandikawo King Oyo Model Farm e Bugaaki mu Disitulikiti y’e Kyenjojo, ekola ng’ekifo eky’okuyiga eky’obumanyirivu eri enkola z’ebyobulimi ez’omulembe, eziwangaala. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Malik |first=Faisal |date=April 4, 2022 |title=King Oyo establishes model farm |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/king-oyo-establishes-model-farm-3789572 |access-date=August 28, 2026 |work=Daily Monitor}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 23, 2023 |title=King Oyo Hails President Museveni for Skilling the Youth |url=https://statehouse.go.ug/king-oyo-hails-president-museveni-for-skilling-the-youth/ |access-date=August 28, 2026 |website=State House Uganda}}</ref> Ekirala, wansi w’enteekateeka y’obwakabaka eya Vision 2045, yalagira okuzimba ekifo ky’abavubuka abamanyi obukugu mu ICT e Mucwa mu [[Fort Portal]] okulwanyisa ebbula ly’emirimu mu bavubuka nga bayita mu kusoma n’okuwandiika mu ngeri ya digito. <ref>{{Cite news |date=May 21, 2022 |title=King Oyo commissions construction of Tooro's first ICT skilling center |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/king-oyo-commissions-construction-of-tooro-s-first-ict-skilling-center-3822738 |access-date=August 28, 2026 |work=Daily Monitor}}</ref> Okukuuma ebifo ebikulu eby’obusika ng’Olubiri lw’Obwakabaka e Karuziika n’okuwagira ebikujjuko ''by’Empango'' eby’ennono nabyo bibadde biyamba nnyo okuteeka Fort Portal mu kifo ky’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obulambuzi mu Uganda. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tooro Kingdom Hails President Museveni's Vocational Skills Initiative |url=https://presidentialinitiatives.go.ug/tooro-kingdom-hails-president-musevenis-vocational-skills-initiative/ |access-date=August 28, 2026 |website=Presidential Initiatives Uganda}}</ref> === Omukululo gwe mu kukuuma obutonde bw’ensi === Omukulu w’Obwakabaka '''[[Rukidi IV ow’e Tooro|Rukirabasaija Omukama Oyo Nyimba Kabamba Iguru Rukidi IV]]''' yali mugezi nnyo mu kulwanirira obutonde bw’ensi eyalwanirira kampeyini ennene ku kukuuma obutonde naddala mu myaka egyasembayo egy’obufuzi bwe. Bangi ababadde bakyalidde [[Fort Portal|ekibuga]] [[Fort Portal]] bajja kujjukira [https://watershed.nl/index.html%3Fp=2671.html omugga Mpanga] oguluka mu kitiibwa mu Fort Portal yonna, nga gusala enguudo ennene mu kibuga nga tegunnayingira mu kkuumiro ly’ebisolo erya [https://ugandawildlife.org/national-parks/kibale-national-park/ Kibale National Park] gye guyitamu nga tegunnayiwa mazzi gaagwo mu [[Ennyanja George mu Uganda.|nnyanja George]] mu kiwonvu kya Great Rift Valley . Omugga Mpanga gufukirira ddala ekibuga Fort Portal mu ngeri ez’enjawulo ng’amazzi gaakyo. Mu by’enfuna, ebintu bingi eby’obulimi ebitundibwa mu kibuga bifukirira emigga gya Mpanga mu nsozi emitala w’amazzi gaayo. Munda mu kibuga kyennyini, omugga Mpanga gumaze emyaka mingi nga gwe gusinga okuggyibwamu amazzi agaweebwa ekitongole ky’amazzi n’emyala ekya National Water and Sewerage Corporation ku kyuma kyaakyo ekirongoosa e Kabundaire. Abamanyi enkola y’okusuula kasasiro mu bibuga mu Uganda bajja kusiima omulimu gw’emikutu gy’amazzi nga Mpanga mu kutambuza amazzi amakyafu. Ekifaananyi okuva e Fort Portal tekibadde kya njawulo kuba Mpanga okumala emyaka ebadde etambuza kasasiro mungi nnyo okuva mu bitundu by’e Fort Portal. Omuntu ayinza okwanguyirwa okwerabira nti ekizibu ky’okuddukanya kasasiro mu Uganda kizibu nnyo okusinga okukiikirira okwangu okukoleddwa wano. Abamanyi Fort Portal bagenda kukakasa obungi bwa kasasiro omukalu asuulibwa mu mugga Mpanga buli lunaku. Enkola eno nayo tekyuka mu kifo omugga we gukwata amazzi. Ettaka eritapimibwa linaazibwa mu mugga mu kiseera ky’enkuba, ne lifuuka ekitoomi ekinywevu. Abo abasinga okussa ssente mu bulabe bw’obutonde bw’ensi obw’enjawulo bajja kutujjukiza obucaafu bw’eddagala obw’obutwa obunaazibwa okuva mu faamu z’oku nsozi n’ekibuga wakati mu mataba gano ag’ebitosi. Mpanga, mu kitangaala kino, ebadde nti omusuwa gw’obulamu Fort Portal gwe yatwala nga tegufaayo nnyo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=King Oyo Launches Save River Mpanga Now Campaign : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/king-oyo-launches-save-river-mpanga-now-campaign- |access-date=2026-08-28 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> Era wano omugenzi Omukama we yawandiise omusika ogw’olubeerera. Nga omwaka 2019, oluvannyuma lw’okweraliikirira kw’ekitundu ku kabi ebikolwa by’abantu bye bituuse ku mugga Mpanga, Omukama yasituka n’asaba abakuuma obutonde bw’ensi okutaasa omugga guno. <ref>{{Cite web |title=King Oyo Launches Save River Mpanga Now Campaign : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/king-oyo-launches-save-river-mpanga-now-campaign- |access-date=2026-08-28 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> Ng’asuula obuweerero bw’olubiri lwe, Kabaka Oyo yali ku mwanjo mu kaweefube w’okukunga abantu b’omu kitundu okugogola omugga guno n’okuguwummuza kasasiro omukalu ow’awaka, eyali alabika ng’azibye omugga. Ebifaananyi by’omugenzi Kabaka ng’asika kasasiro omukalu mu mugga bijja kusigala nga biwandiikiddwa enkalakkalira mu birowoozo by’abantu bangi. Akabonero kano ak’obuntu, akayambadde obwetoowaze, ke kagulumiza obufuzi bwe n’okwewaayo okutaliimu kubuusabuusa eri abantu be eri echolons eza waggulu bwe zityo. == Engule n'okusiimibwa == Mu bufuzi bwe bwonna, Kabaka Oyo abadde afuna ebirabo ebiwerako mu nsi yonna n’eby’omu kitundu ng’asiima omulimu gwe ogw’okuyamba abantu, kaweefube w’okuzimba emirembe, n’obukulembeze mu nteekateeka z’ebyobulamu mu bantu. * '''Global Top 100 Most Influential People of African Descent (2019):''' Yasiimibwa wansi w’omutendera gw’Ebyobufuzi n’Enfuga okuva mu kaweefube w’abantu abasinga obuyinza okuva mu Afrika (MIPAD) oluvannyuma lw’olukiiko lw’amawanga amagatte. <ref>{{Cite web |title=MIPAD Class of 2019: Most Influential People of African Descent |url=https://mipad.org |access-date=August 28, 2026 |website=MIPAD}}</ref> * '''World Civility Award (2019):''' Yasiimibwa ekitongole ky’ensi yonna ekya iChange Nations mu kuweza emyaka 24 egy’okutikkirwa ku ntebe olw’obukulembeze bwe obw’enjawulo obw’okuyamba abantu ne kampeyini z’okulwanyisa ekirwadde kya siriimu. <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 September 2019 |title=King Oyo Receives World Civility Award |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net |access-date=August 28, 2026 |work=Uganda Radio Network}}</ref> * '''Engule y’emirembe mu nsi yonna:''' Eweebwa Obuwangwa obw’omu Ggulu, Emirembe gy’Ensi Yonna, Okuzzaawo Ekitangaala (HWPL) ng’asiima omulimu gwe yakola mu kutumbula obumu, obuwangwa, n’okugonjoola obutakkaanya mu Buvanjuba bwa Afrika. <ref>{{Cite news |title=Museveni, King Oyo get peace awards |url=https://monitor.co.ug |access-date=August 28, 2026 |work=Daily Monitor}}</ref> * '''Rotary Vocational Award:''' Eweebwa kiraabu za Rotary ez’omu kitundu olw’ebintu bye yeewaddeyo mu bulungi bw’abantu, naddala olw’okutegeka enkambi z’abasawo abangi ezaawa enkumi n’enkumi z’abantu be yalongoosebwa ku bwereere n’okufuna obujjanjabi. <ref>{{Cite news |title=King Oyo awarded for efforts in healthcare |url=https://monitor.co.ug |access-date=August 28, 2026 |work=Daily Monitor}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 5ruye0xvlpd8baw28lx6kkjt7ic5yy8 74405 74402 2026-09-10T08:36:57Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 74405 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Rukirabasaija Oyo Nyimba Kabamba Iguru Rukidi IV''' (Omukama Oyo) (16 Ogwokuna 1992 – 27 Ogwomunaana 2026), yali [[Omukama owa Tooro|Omukama wa Tooro]] mu [[Uganda]] okuva mu 1995 okutuuka mu 2026. Yali mutabani wa [[Omukama w'e Tooro|Omukama Patrick David Matthew Kaboyo Rwamuhokya Olimi III]] ne [[Best Kemigisa|Omugo Best Kemigisa]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Omukama Oyo celebrates 29th birthday |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/98591 |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Mu 1995, Oyo yatuula ku ntebe, n’afuuka omukulembeze w'Obukama bwa Tooro ow’omulundi ogw'ekkumi n'esatu obwali bumaze emyaka 180, n'afuuka Omukulembeze w'ensikirano ekyasinze obuto mu nsi yonna eyatandika okufuga ku myaka esatu gyokka.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Gabbi Shaw |last2=Caroline Praderio |title=16 of the youngest monarchs in history |url=https://www.insider.com/youngest-monarchs-in-history-2017-2 |access-date=2022-09-09 |website=Insider |language=en-US}}</ref> == Obuto bwe n’okusoma kwe == Okufa kwa kitaawe, Omukama Kaboyo mu 1995 kwategeeza nti omulangira ono yalina okutwala obuvunaanyizibwa obw'okudda mu bigere by'Omukama mu myaka gye egy’obuto. Ku ssaawa 8 ez’ekiro nga 12 Ogwomwenda 1995, nga wayise wiiki emu nga omugenzi aziikiddwa, emikolo gy’okukwasa Oyo obuyinza gyatandika okuteekebwa mu nkola. Rukidi IV yafuuka Omukulembeze ow'ensikirano ow'omulembe guno asinga obuto ku myaka 3 gyokka.<ref name=":0" /> Emikolo gyalimu okutuukiriza akalombolombo ak'olutalo olw'oku mulyango gw'olubiri olwalwanibwa wakati w'abalwanyi b'omulabe w'omulangira "omujeemu" n'eggye ly'Obukama, n'okugezaako okulemesa okutuuza Rukidi IV. ''Omusuuga'' (omukulu w<nowiki>'ekika ky'Olulyo oluvaamu Omukama) yakoowoola balubaale okukuba omulangira afe singa aba nga si wa musaayi gwa lulyo oluvaamu Omukama. Rukidi IV bwe yayita ku mutendera guno, yakkirizibwa okukuba eŋŋoma ya Nyalebe. Eno y'eŋŋoma enkulu ey''</nowiki>Abachwezi, ekubibwa abeera agenda okufuuka Omukama nga bajjajjaa be abaamusooka bwe bajjanga bakola.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tooro Kingdom – His Royal Highness King Oyo Nyimba Kabamba Iguru Rukidi IV |url=https://toorokingdom.org/ |access-date=2026-08-28 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://madisonmanor.co.za/blog/king-oyo-of-uganda/ |access-date=2026-08-28 |website=madisonmanor.co.za}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tooro Kingdom – His Royal Highness King Oyo Nyimba Kabamba Iguru Rukidi IV |url=https://toorokingdom.org/ |access-date=2026-08-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ku ssaawa munaana ez'omutuntu, Rukidi IV yatikkirwa engule n'afuuka Omukama wa Tooro wakati mu bantu abaali bajaganya n’ayingira ''Ekikaali ky’e Karuziika'' ekisangibwa e ''Nyamunyaka''.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Tumwesigye |first=Joseph |date=2026-08-28 |title=A look at King Oyo’s inaugural coronation |url=https://ntv.co.ug/news/national-news/a-look-at-king-oyos-inaugural-coronation |access-date=2026-09-10 |website=NTV Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Emikolo gy’ebyobuwangwa (''Emirwa y’Obuhangwa'') gyaddiriwa egy'eddiini egyakulemberwa Omulabirizi eyawummula ow'Obulabirizi bwa Rwenzori, Eustance Kamanyire. [[Yoweri Museveni|Pulezidenti Museveni]] yeetaba ku Matikkira gano, n’akubagiza n'Omukama Oyo olw'okufiirwa kitaawe.<ref name=":3" />  Ng’akyali mwana muto, ng’oggyeeko emirimu gye emitongole, Rukidi IV yagenda ku ssomero n’azannyanga n’emikwano. Wabula olw'obukulu bwe, yawalirizibwanga okubeeranga n'omukuumi n'okusomera mu masomero ag'obwannannyini. Rukidi IV yamala emyaka ebiri mu kibuga London era n’asomerayo omutendera gwa nassale. Bwe yakomawo e Uganda yasomera mu ssomero lya Aga Khan Primary School mu Kampala. Oluvannyuma yeegatta ku [[Kampala International School|Kampala International School Uganda]] gye yasomera siniya ng'anyumirwa nnyo essomo ly'okukuba n'okusiiga ebifaananyi, okuyimba, okubala, n’okuwuga. Oluvannyuma yeewandiisa okusoma ddiguli mu byobusuubuzi okuva mu yunivasite ya Winchester mu Bungereza. Mu Gwekkumi 2013, Rukidi IV yatikkirwa ddiguli eno mu yunivasite y'emu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 October 2013 |title=King Oyo To Graduate Today – Red Pepper Uganda |url=https://www.redpepper.co.ug/king-oyo-to-graduate-today/ |access-date=2019-06-12 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120101959/https://redpepper.co.ug/king-oyo-to-graduate-today/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Obukulembeze bwe == Abakuza basatu baalondebwa okulabirira n'okukuza Rukidi IV okutuusa lwe yafuuka Omukama era nga bamuyambako n'okuddukanya ensonga ez'obuwangwa bw'Obukama mu kiseera ng'akyali muto. Mu kiseera we yatuuzibwa ku ntebe, abakuza be abasatu kwaliko John Katuramu eyali Katikkiro we (Omuhiikirwa), Rev. Canon James Rabwoni ne Mgr. Thomas Kisembo. Ate mu 2002, abakuza abalala basatu baalondebwa okwali; Prof. Oswald Ndolereire, Zerio Byabagambi ne Isaiah Kalya ne baweereza okutuusa mu 2007. Oluvannyuma obuvunaanyizibwa ne bukwasibwa Rev. Richard Baguma, George Nyakairu ne Justin Bakahumura okutuusa Omukama Oyo lwe yaweza emyaka 18, mu 2010 ne yeetongola.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-11 |title=Inside King Oyo’s enthronement at age 3 in 1995 |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/inside-king-oyo-s-enthronement-at-age-3-in-1995-5189106 |access-date=2026-08-28 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2021-01-24 |title=How Tooro Kingdom was run by a young king |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/how-tooro-kingdom-was-run-by-a-young-king-1471838 |access-date=2026-08-28 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Mu bakuza abalala ab'enkizo mwe mwali nnyina Omugo, [[Best Kemigisa]], ssenga we [[Princess Elizabeth of Tooro|Omumbejja Elizabeth Bagaaya]], Kabaka [[Muwenda Mutebi II, Kabaka wa Buganda|Ronald Muwenda Mutebi II]], Naabagereka [[Sylvia Nagginda]] ne Pulezidenti [[Yoweri Museveni]].<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-08-26 |title=Unveiling King Oyo of Uganda: The Untold Story of a Legendary Monarch {{!}} Madison Manor |url=https://madisonmanor.co.za/blog/king-oyo-of-uganda/ |access-date=2026-08-28 |website=madisonmanor.co.za |language=en-US}}</ref> Muamar Gaddafi yali mukuumi w’Obukama bwa Tooro ng’alina enkolagana ey’oku lusegere n’olulyo olulangira e Tooro. Mu 2001, Rukidi IV oyalina emyaka omwenda yatuuma Gaddafi erinnya "omukuumi" w'Obukama era n'amuyita okwetaba mu bikujjuko by'okujaguza emyaka mukaaga egy'okutikkirwa ku ntebe mu 2001. Gaddafi yali awaddeyo ssente mu Bukama, n’ayambako okusasula ssente z’okuddaabiriza olubiri mu Fort Portal. (Okusinziira ku Esawu UCU).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-23 |title=Tooro Kingdom, where Gaddafi still rules |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/tooro-kingdom-where-gaddafi-still-rules-1528250 |access-date=2026-08-28 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Okufa kwe == Akawungeezi ka 27 Ogwomunaana 2026, amawulire gaatandika okusaasaana ennyo ku mikutu gya yintaneeti mu Uganda nga gagamba nti Rukidi IV yali afiiridde mu [[America|Amerika]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-27 |title=Unverified Reports Claim King Oyo of Tooro Kingdom Has Died |url=https://nymynet.com/unverified-reports-claim-king-oyo-of-tooro-kingdom-has-died/ |access-date=2026-08-27 |website=Nymy Net |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ssaabaminisita w’Obukama yasooka kusazaamu eby'okumubika, kyokka n'agamba nti yali mu mbeera mbi kwe kusaba Bannayuganda bamuteeke mu ssaala zaabwe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-27 |title=King Oyo in critical condition, prime minister urges prayer and restraint |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/king-oyo-in-critical-condition-prime-minister-urges-prayer-and-restraint-5573578 |access-date=2026-08-27 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Naye ate ku ssaawa 4:00 ez’ekiro ekyo, EAT, Ssaabaminisita yakomawo n'ategeeza ensi nti Rukidi yali akakasiddwa nti afiiridde mu Amerika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-27 |title=Omukama Oyo dies at 34, kingdom assures continuity of the crown |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/omukama-oyo-dies-at-34-kingdom-assures-continuity-of-the-crown-5573838 |access-date=2026-09-10 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Yalina emyaka 34.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ashaba |first=Alex |date=27 August 2026 |title=World's youngest king: Tooro's Omukama Oyo dies, heir announced |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/world-s-youngest-king-tooro-s-omukama-oyo-dies-heir-announced-5573838 |access-date=27 August 2026 |work=[[Daily Monitor]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=27 August 2026 |title=King Oyo Dies at 34, Tooro Premier Says Monarch Leaves Prince as Heir |url=https://chimpreports.com/king-oyo-dies-at-34-tooro-premier-says-monarch-leaves-prince-as-heir/ |access-date=27 August 2026 |work=ChimpReports}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2026-08-27 |title=Omukama Oyo dies at 34, kingdom assures continuity of the crown |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/omukama-oyo-dies-at-34-kingdom-assures-continuity-of-the-crown-5573838 |access-date=2026-08-27 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Ekitiibwa kye == Rukidi IV yali ''Omukama'', ekitegeeza "Kabaka," ne ''Rukirabasaija'', ekitegeeza "omukulu mu bantu." Wadde nga yali atwalibwa ng’omukulembeze ow’obwannannyini ow’Abatooro, obuyinza bwa Rukidi IV bwakoma ku mirimu gya buwangwa. Omutwe gwe mu bujjuvu n'erinnya lye yali ''Rukirabasaija Omukama Oyo Nyimba Kabamba-Iguru Rukidi IV'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ivan |first=Mubiru |date=2026-08-28 |title=PROFILE: Who Was King Oyo Nyimba Kabamba Iguru Rukidi IV? |url=https://www.watchdoguganda.com/news/20260828/197192/profile-who-was-king-oyo-nyimba-kabamba-iguru-rukidi-iv.html |access-date=2026-08-28 |website=Watchdog Uganda |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Omukululo gwe == Obufuzi bwa Kabaka Oyo bubadde bunnyonnyolwa nnyo olw’okwewaayo kwe eri enkyukakyuka mu by’enfuna n’embeera z’abantu mu Bwakabaka bwa Tooro, ng’essira aliteeka ku kunyweza abavubuka, ebyobulamu, ebyobulimi ebiwangaala, n’okukuuma obuwangwa. Ng’akulira mu maaso g’abantu nga kabaka asinga obuto mu nsi yonna afuga, yakyuka n’afuuka omukulembeze omuyiiya eyakozesa omukutu gwe okulwanirira pulojekiti z’enkulaakulana n’okuyamba abantu be yali afuga. Nga nnantameggwa w'ebyobulamu by'abantu, yalondebwa nga nnantameggwa w'ebyobuwangwa mu siriimu ne mukenenya mu bavubuka okuva mu UNAID, ng'akola nnyo okukulembera kampeyini z'ebyobulamu mu kitundu okulwanirira enteekateeka ya "End AIDS by 2030". <ref>{{Cite web |title=King Oyo Nyimba Kabamba Iguru Rukiidi IV of the Tooro Kingdom in Uganda |url=https://www.unaids.org/en/aboutunaids/unaidsambassadors/king-oyo-uganda |access-date=August 28, 2026 |website=UNAIDS}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 20, 2016 |title=King Oyo Wants Kingdom Free From HIV By 2030 |url=https://chimpreports.com/king-oyo-wants-kingdom-free-from-hiv-by-2030/ |access-date=August 28, 2026 |website=ChimpReports}}</ref> Okusobola okutumbula embeera z’abantu mu kitundu, yatandikawo King Oyo Model Farm e Bugaaki mu Disitulikiti y’e Kyenjojo, ekola ng’ekifo eky’okuyiga eky’obumanyirivu eri enkola z’ebyobulimi ez’omulembe, eziwangaala. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Malik |first=Faisal |date=April 4, 2022 |title=King Oyo establishes model farm |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/king-oyo-establishes-model-farm-3789572 |access-date=August 28, 2026 |work=Daily Monitor}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 23, 2023 |title=King Oyo Hails President Museveni for Skilling the Youth |url=https://statehouse.go.ug/king-oyo-hails-president-museveni-for-skilling-the-youth/ |access-date=August 28, 2026 |website=State House Uganda}}</ref> Ekirala, wansi w’enteekateeka y’obwakabaka eya Vision 2045, yalagira okuzimba ekifo ky’abavubuka abamanyi obukugu mu ICT e Mucwa mu [[Fort Portal]] okulwanyisa ebbula ly’emirimu mu bavubuka nga bayita mu kusoma n’okuwandiika mu ngeri ya digito. <ref>{{Cite news |date=May 21, 2022 |title=King Oyo commissions construction of Tooro's first ICT skilling center |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/king-oyo-commissions-construction-of-tooro-s-first-ict-skilling-center-3822738 |access-date=August 28, 2026 |work=Daily Monitor}}</ref> Okukuuma ebifo ebikulu eby’obusika ng’Olubiri lw’Obwakabaka e Karuziika n’okuwagira ebikujjuko ''by’Empango'' eby’ennono nabyo bibadde biyamba nnyo okuteeka Fort Portal mu kifo ky’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obulambuzi mu Uganda. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tooro Kingdom Hails President Museveni's Vocational Skills Initiative |url=https://presidentialinitiatives.go.ug/tooro-kingdom-hails-president-musevenis-vocational-skills-initiative/ |access-date=August 28, 2026 |website=Presidential Initiatives Uganda}}</ref> === Omukululo gwe mu kukuuma obutonde bw’ensi === Omukulu w’Obwakabaka '''[[Rukidi IV ow’e Tooro|Rukirabasaija Omukama Oyo Nyimba Kabamba Iguru Rukidi IV]]''' yali mugezi nnyo mu kulwanirira obutonde bw’ensi eyalwanirira kampeyini ennene ku kukuuma obutonde naddala mu myaka egyasembayo egy’obufuzi bwe. Bangi ababadde bakyalidde [[Fort Portal|ekibuga]] [[Fort Portal]] bajja kujjukira [https://watershed.nl/index.html%3Fp=2671.html omugga Mpanga] oguluka mu kitiibwa mu Fort Portal yonna, nga gusala enguudo ennene mu kibuga nga tegunnayingira mu kkuumiro ly’ebisolo erya [https://ugandawildlife.org/national-parks/kibale-national-park/ Kibale National Park] gye guyitamu nga tegunnayiwa mazzi gaagwo mu [[Ennyanja George mu Uganda.|nnyanja George]] mu kiwonvu kya Great Rift Valley . Omugga Mpanga gufukirira ddala ekibuga Fort Portal mu ngeri ez’enjawulo ng’amazzi gaakyo. Mu by’enfuna, ebintu bingi eby’obulimi ebitundibwa mu kibuga bifukirira emigga gya Mpanga mu nsozi emitala w’amazzi gaayo. Munda mu kibuga kyennyini, omugga Mpanga gumaze emyaka mingi nga gwe gusinga okuggyibwamu amazzi agaweebwa ekitongole ky’amazzi n’emyala ekya National Water and Sewerage Corporation ku kyuma kyaakyo ekirongoosa e Kabundaire. Abamanyi enkola y’okusuula kasasiro mu bibuga mu Uganda bajja kusiima omulimu gw’emikutu gy’amazzi nga Mpanga mu kutambuza amazzi amakyafu. Ekifaananyi okuva e Fort Portal tekibadde kya njawulo kuba Mpanga okumala emyaka ebadde etambuza kasasiro mungi nnyo okuva mu bitundu by’e Fort Portal. Omuntu ayinza okwanguyirwa okwerabira nti ekizibu ky’okuddukanya kasasiro mu Uganda kizibu nnyo okusinga okukiikirira okwangu okukoleddwa wano. Abamanyi Fort Portal bagenda kukakasa obungi bwa kasasiro omukalu asuulibwa mu mugga Mpanga buli lunaku. Enkola eno nayo tekyuka mu kifo omugga we gukwata amazzi. Ettaka eritapimibwa linaazibwa mu mugga mu kiseera ky’enkuba, ne lifuuka ekitoomi ekinywevu. Abo abasinga okussa ssente mu bulabe bw’obutonde bw’ensi obw’enjawulo bajja kutujjukiza obucaafu bw’eddagala obw’obutwa obunaazibwa okuva mu faamu z’oku nsozi n’ekibuga wakati mu mataba gano ag’ebitosi. Mpanga, mu kitangaala kino, ebadde nti omusuwa gw’obulamu Fort Portal gwe yatwala nga tegufaayo nnyo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=King Oyo Launches Save River Mpanga Now Campaign : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/king-oyo-launches-save-river-mpanga-now-campaign- |access-date=2026-08-28 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> Era wano omugenzi Omukama we yawandiise omusika ogw’olubeerera. Nga omwaka 2019, oluvannyuma lw’okweraliikirira kw’ekitundu ku kabi ebikolwa by’abantu bye bituuse ku mugga Mpanga, Omukama yasituka n’asaba abakuuma obutonde bw’ensi okutaasa omugga guno. <ref>{{Cite web |title=King Oyo Launches Save River Mpanga Now Campaign : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/king-oyo-launches-save-river-mpanga-now-campaign- |access-date=2026-08-28 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> Ng’asuula obuweerero bw’olubiri lwe, Kabaka Oyo yali ku mwanjo mu kaweefube w’okukunga abantu b’omu kitundu okugogola omugga guno n’okuguwummuza kasasiro omukalu ow’awaka, eyali alabika ng’azibye omugga. Ebifaananyi by’omugenzi Kabaka ng’asika kasasiro omukalu mu mugga bijja kusigala nga biwandiikiddwa enkalakkalira mu birowoozo by’abantu bangi. Akabonero kano ak’obuntu, akayambadde obwetoowaze, ke kagulumiza obufuzi bwe n’okwewaayo okutaliimu kubuusabuusa eri abantu be eri echolons eza waggulu bwe zityo. == Engule n'okusiimibwa == Mu bufuzi bwe bwonna, Kabaka Oyo abadde afuna ebirabo ebiwerako mu nsi yonna n’eby’omu kitundu ng’asiima omulimu gwe ogw’okuyamba abantu, kaweefube w’okuzimba emirembe, n’obukulembeze mu nteekateeka z’ebyobulamu mu bantu. * '''Global Top 100 Most Influential People of African Descent (2019):''' Yasiimibwa wansi w’omutendera gw’Ebyobufuzi n’Enfuga okuva mu kaweefube w’abantu abasinga obuyinza okuva mu Afrika (MIPAD) oluvannyuma lw’olukiiko lw’amawanga amagatte. <ref>{{Cite web |title=MIPAD Class of 2019: Most Influential People of African Descent |url=https://mipad.org |access-date=August 28, 2026 |website=MIPAD}}</ref> * '''World Civility Award (2019):''' Yasiimibwa ekitongole ky’ensi yonna ekya iChange Nations mu kuweza emyaka 24 egy’okutikkirwa ku ntebe olw’obukulembeze bwe obw’enjawulo obw’okuyamba abantu ne kampeyini z’okulwanyisa ekirwadde kya siriimu. <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 September 2019 |title=King Oyo Receives World Civility Award |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net |access-date=August 28, 2026 |work=Uganda Radio Network}}</ref> * '''Engule y’emirembe mu nsi yonna:''' Eweebwa Obuwangwa obw’omu Ggulu, Emirembe gy’Ensi Yonna, Okuzzaawo Ekitangaala (HWPL) ng’asiima omulimu gwe yakola mu kutumbula obumu, obuwangwa, n’okugonjoola obutakkaanya mu Buvanjuba bwa Afrika. <ref>{{Cite news |title=Museveni, King Oyo get peace awards |url=https://monitor.co.ug |access-date=August 28, 2026 |work=Daily Monitor}}</ref> * '''Rotary Vocational Award:''' Eweebwa kiraabu za Rotary ez’omu kitundu olw’ebintu bye yeewaddeyo mu bulungi bw’abantu, naddala olw’okutegeka enkambi z’abasawo abangi ezaawa enkumi n’enkumi z’abantu be yalongoosebwa ku bwereere n’okufuna obujjanjabi. <ref>{{Cite news |title=King Oyo awarded for efforts in healthcare |url=https://monitor.co.ug |access-date=August 28, 2026 |work=Daily Monitor}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 73ysctiaq9mzfxed292tsd2gw2f8o8z 74406 74405 2026-09-10T08:46:17Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Ntaddemu ebijuliziddwa 74406 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Rukirabasaija Oyo Nyimba Kabamba Iguru Rukidi IV''' (Omukama Oyo) (16 Ogwokuna 1992 – 27 Ogwomunaana 2026), yali [[Omukama owa Tooro|Omukama wa Tooro]] mu [[Uganda]] okuva mu 1995 okutuuka mu 2026. Yali mutabani wa [[Omukama w'e Tooro|Omukama Patrick David Matthew Kaboyo Rwamuhokya Olimi III]] ne [[Best Kemigisa|Omugo Best Kemigisa]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Omukama Oyo celebrates 29th birthday |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/98591 |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Mu 1995, Oyo yatuula ku ntebe, n’afuuka omukulembeze w'Obukama bwa Tooro ow’omulundi ogw'ekkumi n'esatu obwali bumaze emyaka 180, n'afuuka Omukulembeze w'ensikirano ekyasinze obuto mu nsi yonna eyatandika okufuga ku myaka esatu gyokka.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Gabbi Shaw |last2=Caroline Praderio |title=16 of the youngest monarchs in history |url=https://www.insider.com/youngest-monarchs-in-history-2017-2 |access-date=2022-09-09 |website=Insider |language=en-US}}</ref> == Obuto bwe n’okusoma kwe == Okufa kwa kitaawe, Omukama Kaboyo mu 1995 kwategeeza nti omulangira ono yalina okutwala obuvunaanyizibwa obw'okudda mu bigere by'Omukama mu myaka gye egy’obuto. Ku ssaawa 8 ez’ekiro nga 12 Ogwomwenda 1995, nga wayise wiiki emu nga omugenzi aziikiddwa, emikolo gy’okukwasa Oyo obuyinza gyatandika okuteekebwa mu nkola. Rukidi IV yafuuka Omukulembeze ow'ensikirano ow'omulembe guno asinga obuto ku myaka 3 gyokka.<ref name=":0" /> Emikolo gyalimu okutuukiriza akalombolombo ak'olutalo olw'oku mulyango gw'olubiri olwalwanibwa wakati w'abalwanyi b'omulabe w'omulangira "omujeemu" n'eggye ly'Obukama, n'okugezaako okulemesa okutuuza Rukidi IV. ''Omusuuga'' (omukulu w<nowiki>'ekika ky'Olulyo oluvaamu Omukama) yakoowoola balubaale okukuba omulangira afe singa aba nga si wa musaayi gwa lulyo oluvaamu Omukama. Rukidi IV bwe yayita ku mutendera guno, yakkirizibwa okukuba eŋŋoma ya Nyalebe. Eno y'eŋŋoma enkulu ey''</nowiki>Abachwezi, ekubibwa abeera agenda okufuuka Omukama nga bajjajjaa be abaamusooka bwe bajjanga bakola.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tooro Kingdom – His Royal Highness King Oyo Nyimba Kabamba Iguru Rukidi IV |url=https://toorokingdom.org/ |access-date=2026-08-28 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://madisonmanor.co.za/blog/king-oyo-of-uganda/ |access-date=2026-08-28 |website=madisonmanor.co.za}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tooro Kingdom – His Royal Highness King Oyo Nyimba Kabamba Iguru Rukidi IV |url=https://toorokingdom.org/ |access-date=2026-08-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ku ssaawa munaana ez'omutuntu, Rukidi IV yatikkirwa engule n'afuuka Omukama wa Tooro wakati mu bantu abaali bajaganya n’ayingira ''Ekikaali ky’e Karuziika'' ekisangibwa e ''Nyamunyaka''.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Tumwesigye |first=Joseph |date=2026-08-28 |title=A look at King Oyo’s inaugural coronation |url=https://ntv.co.ug/news/national-news/a-look-at-king-oyos-inaugural-coronation |access-date=2026-09-10 |website=NTV Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> Emikolo gy’ebyobuwangwa (''Emirwa y’Obuhangwa'') gyaddiriwa egy'eddiini egyakulemberwa Omulabirizi eyawummula ow'Obulabirizi bwa Rwenzori, Eustance Kamanyire. [[Yoweri Museveni|Pulezidenti Museveni]] yeetaba ku Matikkira gano, n’akubagiza n'Omukama Oyo olw'okufiirwa kitaawe.<ref name=":3" />  Ng’akyali mwana muto, ng’oggyeeko emirimu gye emitongole, Rukidi IV yagenda ku ssomero n’azannyanga n’emikwano. Wabula olw'obukulu bwe, yawalirizibwanga okubeeranga n'omukuumi n'okusomera mu masomero ag'obwannannyini. Rukidi IV yamala emyaka ebiri mu kibuga London era n’asomerayo omutendera gwa nassale. Bwe yakomawo e Uganda yasomera mu ssomero lya Aga Khan Primary School mu Kampala. Oluvannyuma yeegatta ku [[Kampala International School|Kampala International School Uganda]] gye yasomera siniya ng'anyumirwa nnyo essomo ly'okukuba n'okusiiga ebifaananyi, okuyimba, okubala, n’okuwuga. Oluvannyuma yeewandiisa okusoma ddiguli mu byobusuubuzi okuva mu yunivasite ya Winchester mu Bungereza. Mu Gwekkumi 2013, Rukidi IV yatikkirwa ddiguli eno mu yunivasite y'emu.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 October 2013 |title=King Oyo To Graduate Today – Red Pepper Uganda |url=https://www.redpepper.co.ug/king-oyo-to-graduate-today/ |access-date=2019-06-12 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120101959/https://redpepper.co.ug/king-oyo-to-graduate-today/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Obukulembeze bwe == Abakuza basatu baalondebwa okulabirira n'okukuza Rukidi IV okutuusa lwe yafuuka Omukama era nga bamuyambako n'okuddukanya ensonga ez'obuwangwa bw'Obukama mu kiseera ng'akyali muto. Mu kiseera we yatuuzibwa ku ntebe, abakuza be abasatu kwaliko John Katuramu eyali Katikkiro we (Omuhiikirwa), Rev. Canon James Rabwoni.<ref name=":3" /> ne Mgr. Thomas Kisembo. Ate mu 2002, abakuza abalala basatu baalondebwa okwali; Prof. Oswald Ndolereire, Zerio Byabagambi ne Isaiah Kalya ne baweereza okutuusa mu 2007. Oluvannyuma obuvunaanyizibwa ne bukwasibwa Rev. Richard Baguma, George Nyakairu ne Justin Bakahumura okutuusa Omukama Oyo lwe yaweza emyaka 18, mu 2010 ne yeetongola.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-11 |title=Inside King Oyo’s enthronement at age 3 in 1995 |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/inside-king-oyo-s-enthronement-at-age-3-in-1995-5189106 |access-date=2026-08-28 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2021-01-24 |title=How Tooro Kingdom was run by a young king |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/how-tooro-kingdom-was-run-by-a-young-king-1471838 |access-date=2026-08-28 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Mu bakuza abalala ab'enkizo mwe mwali nnyina Omugo, [[Best Kemigisa]], ssenga we [[Princess Elizabeth of Tooro|Omumbejja Elizabeth Bagaaya]], Kabaka [[Muwenda Mutebi II, Kabaka wa Buganda|Ronald Muwenda Mutebi II]], Naabagereka [[Sylvia Nagginda]] ne Pulezidenti [[Yoweri Museveni]].<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-08-26 |title=Unveiling King Oyo of Uganda: The Untold Story of a Legendary Monarch {{!}} Madison Manor |url=https://madisonmanor.co.za/blog/king-oyo-of-uganda/ |access-date=2026-08-28 |website=madisonmanor.co.za |language=en-US}}</ref> Muamar Gaddafi yali mukuumi w’Obukama bwa Tooro ng’alina enkolagana ey’oku lusegere n’olulyo olulangira e Tooro. Mu 2001, Rukidi IV oyalina emyaka omwenda yatuuma Gaddafi erinnya "omukuumi" w'Obukama era n'amuyita okwetaba mu bikujjuko by'okujaguza emyaka mukaaga egy'okutikkirwa ku ntebe mu 2001. Gaddafi yali awaddeyo ssente mu Bukama, n’ayambako okusasula ssente z’okuddaabiriza olubiri mu Fort Portal. (Okusinziira ku Esawu UCU).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-23 |title=Tooro Kingdom, where Gaddafi still rules |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/tooro-kingdom-where-gaddafi-still-rules-1528250 |access-date=2026-08-28 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Okufa kwe == Akawungeezi ka 27 Ogwomunaana 2026, amawulire gaatandika okusaasaana ennyo ku mikutu gya yintaneeti mu Uganda nga gagamba nti Rukidi IV yali afiiridde mu [[America|Amerika]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-27 |title=Unverified Reports Claim King Oyo of Tooro Kingdom Has Died |url=https://nymynet.com/unverified-reports-claim-king-oyo-of-tooro-kingdom-has-died/ |access-date=2026-08-27 |website=Nymy Net |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ssaabaminisita w’Obukama yasooka kusazaamu eby'okumubika, kyokka n'agamba nti yali mu mbeera mbi kwe kusaba Bannayuganda bamuteeke mu ssaala zaabwe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-27 |title=King Oyo in critical condition, prime minister urges prayer and restraint |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/king-oyo-in-critical-condition-prime-minister-urges-prayer-and-restraint-5573578 |access-date=2026-08-27 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Naye ate ku ssaawa 4:00 ez’ekiro ekyo, EAT, Ssaabaminisita yakomawo n'ategeeza ensi nti Rukidi yali akakasiddwa nti afiiridde mu Amerika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-27 |title=Omukama Oyo dies at 34, kingdom assures continuity of the crown |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/omukama-oyo-dies-at-34-kingdom-assures-continuity-of-the-crown-5573838 |access-date=2026-09-10 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Yalina emyaka 34.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ashaba |first=Alex |date=27 August 2026 |title=World's youngest king: Tooro's Omukama Oyo dies, heir announced |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/world-s-youngest-king-tooro-s-omukama-oyo-dies-heir-announced-5573838 |access-date=27 August 2026 |work=[[Daily Monitor]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=27 August 2026 |title=King Oyo Dies at 34, Tooro Premier Says Monarch Leaves Prince as Heir |url=https://chimpreports.com/king-oyo-dies-at-34-tooro-premier-says-monarch-leaves-prince-as-heir/ |access-date=27 August 2026 |work=ChimpReports}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2026-08-27 |title=Omukama Oyo dies at 34, kingdom assures continuity of the crown |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/omukama-oyo-dies-at-34-kingdom-assures-continuity-of-the-crown-5573838 |access-date=2026-08-27 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Ekitiibwa kye == Rukidi IV yali ''Omukama'', ekitegeeza "Kabaka," ne ''Rukirabasaija'', ekitegeeza "omukulu mu bantu." Wadde nga yali atwalibwa ng’omukulembeze ow’obwannannyini ow’Abatooro, obuyinza bwa Rukidi IV bwakoma ku mirimu gya buwangwa. Omutwe gwe mu bujjuvu n'erinnya lye yali ''Rukirabasaija Omukama Oyo Nyimba Kabamba-Iguru Rukidi IV'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ivan |first=Mubiru |date=2026-08-28 |title=PROFILE: Who Was King Oyo Nyimba Kabamba Iguru Rukidi IV? |url=https://www.watchdoguganda.com/news/20260828/197192/profile-who-was-king-oyo-nyimba-kabamba-iguru-rukidi-iv.html |access-date=2026-08-28 |website=Watchdog Uganda |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Omukululo gwe == Obufuzi bwa Kabaka Oyo bubadde bunnyonnyolwa nnyo olw’okwewaayo kwe eri enkyukakyuka mu by’enfuna n’embeera z’abantu mu Bwakabaka bwa Tooro, ng’essira aliteeka ku kunyweza abavubuka, ebyobulamu, ebyobulimi ebiwangaala, n’okukuuma obuwangwa. Ng’akulira mu maaso g’abantu nga kabaka asinga obuto mu nsi yonna afuga, yakyuka n’afuuka omukulembeze omuyiiya eyakozesa omukutu gwe okulwanirira pulojekiti z’enkulaakulana n’okuyamba abantu be yali afuga. Nga nnantameggwa w'ebyobulamu by'abantu, yalondebwa nga nnantameggwa w'ebyobuwangwa mu siriimu ne mukenenya mu bavubuka okuva mu UNAID, ng'akola nnyo okukulembera kampeyini z'ebyobulamu mu kitundu okulwanirira enteekateeka ya "End AIDS by 2030". <ref>{{Cite web |title=King Oyo Nyimba Kabamba Iguru Rukiidi IV of the Tooro Kingdom in Uganda |url=https://www.unaids.org/en/aboutunaids/unaidsambassadors/king-oyo-uganda |access-date=August 28, 2026 |website=UNAIDS}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 20, 2016 |title=King Oyo Wants Kingdom Free From HIV By 2030 |url=https://chimpreports.com/king-oyo-wants-kingdom-free-from-hiv-by-2030/ |access-date=August 28, 2026 |website=ChimpReports}}</ref> Okusobola okutumbula embeera z’abantu mu kitundu, yatandikawo King Oyo Model Farm e Bugaaki mu Disitulikiti y’e Kyenjojo, ekola ng’ekifo eky’okuyiga eky’obumanyirivu eri enkola z’ebyobulimi ez’omulembe, eziwangaala. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Malik |first=Faisal |date=April 4, 2022 |title=King Oyo establishes model farm |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/king-oyo-establishes-model-farm-3789572 |access-date=August 28, 2026 |work=Daily Monitor}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 23, 2023 |title=King Oyo Hails President Museveni for Skilling the Youth |url=https://statehouse.go.ug/king-oyo-hails-president-museveni-for-skilling-the-youth/ |access-date=August 28, 2026 |website=State House Uganda}}</ref> Ekirala, wansi w’enteekateeka y’obwakabaka eya Vision 2045, yalagira okuzimba ekifo ky’abavubuka abamanyi obukugu mu ICT e Mucwa mu [[Fort Portal]] okulwanyisa ebbula ly’emirimu mu bavubuka nga bayita mu kusoma n’okuwandiika mu ngeri ya digito. <ref>{{Cite news |date=May 21, 2022 |title=King Oyo commissions construction of Tooro's first ICT skilling center |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/king-oyo-commissions-construction-of-tooro-s-first-ict-skilling-center-3822738 |access-date=August 28, 2026 |work=Daily Monitor}}</ref> Okukuuma ebifo ebikulu eby’obusika ng’Olubiri lw’Obwakabaka e Karuziika n’okuwagira ebikujjuko ''by’Empango'' eby’ennono nabyo bibadde biyamba nnyo okuteeka Fort Portal mu kifo ky’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obulambuzi mu Uganda. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tooro Kingdom Hails President Museveni's Vocational Skills Initiative |url=https://presidentialinitiatives.go.ug/tooro-kingdom-hails-president-musevenis-vocational-skills-initiative/ |access-date=August 28, 2026 |website=Presidential Initiatives Uganda}}</ref> === Omukululo gwe mu kukuuma obutonde bw’ensi === Omukulu w’Obwakabaka '''[[Rukidi IV ow’e Tooro|Rukirabasaija Omukama Oyo Nyimba Kabamba Iguru Rukidi IV]]''' yali mugezi nnyo mu kulwanirira obutonde bw’ensi eyalwanirira kampeyini ennene ku kukuuma obutonde naddala mu myaka egyasembayo egy’obufuzi bwe. Bangi ababadde bakyalidde [[Fort Portal|ekibuga]] [[Fort Portal]] bajja kujjukira [https://watershed.nl/index.html%3Fp=2671.html omugga Mpanga] oguluka mu kitiibwa mu Fort Portal yonna, nga gusala enguudo ennene mu kibuga nga tegunnayingira mu kkuumiro ly’ebisolo erya [https://ugandawildlife.org/national-parks/kibale-national-park/ Kibale National Park] gye guyitamu nga tegunnayiwa mazzi gaagwo mu [[Ennyanja George mu Uganda.|nnyanja George]] mu kiwonvu kya Great Rift Valley . Omugga Mpanga gufukirira ddala ekibuga Fort Portal mu ngeri ez’enjawulo ng’amazzi gaakyo. Mu by’enfuna, ebintu bingi eby’obulimi ebitundibwa mu kibuga bifukirira emigga gya Mpanga mu nsozi emitala w’amazzi gaayo. Munda mu kibuga kyennyini, omugga Mpanga gumaze emyaka mingi nga gwe gusinga okuggyibwamu amazzi agaweebwa ekitongole ky’amazzi n’emyala ekya National Water and Sewerage Corporation ku kyuma kyaakyo ekirongoosa e Kabundaire. Abamanyi enkola y’okusuula kasasiro mu bibuga mu Uganda bajja kusiima omulimu gw’emikutu gy’amazzi nga Mpanga mu kutambuza amazzi amakyafu. Ekifaananyi okuva e Fort Portal tekibadde kya njawulo kuba Mpanga okumala emyaka ebadde etambuza kasasiro mungi nnyo okuva mu bitundu by’e Fort Portal. Omuntu ayinza okwanguyirwa okwerabira nti ekizibu ky’okuddukanya kasasiro mu Uganda kizibu nnyo okusinga okukiikirira okwangu okukoleddwa wano. Abamanyi Fort Portal bagenda kukakasa obungi bwa kasasiro omukalu asuulibwa mu mugga Mpanga buli lunaku. Enkola eno nayo tekyuka mu kifo omugga we gukwata amazzi. Ettaka eritapimibwa linaazibwa mu mugga mu kiseera ky’enkuba, ne lifuuka ekitoomi ekinywevu. Abo abasinga okussa ssente mu bulabe bw’obutonde bw’ensi obw’enjawulo bajja kutujjukiza obucaafu bw’eddagala obw’obutwa obunaazibwa okuva mu faamu z’oku nsozi n’ekibuga wakati mu mataba gano ag’ebitosi. Mpanga, mu kitangaala kino, ebadde nti omusuwa gw’obulamu Fort Portal gwe yatwala nga tegufaayo nnyo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=King Oyo Launches Save River Mpanga Now Campaign : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/king-oyo-launches-save-river-mpanga-now-campaign- |access-date=2026-08-28 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> Era wano omugenzi Omukama we yawandiise omusika ogw’olubeerera. Nga omwaka 2019, oluvannyuma lw’okweraliikirira kw’ekitundu ku kabi ebikolwa by’abantu bye bituuse ku mugga Mpanga, Omukama yasituka n’asaba abakuuma obutonde bw’ensi okutaasa omugga guno. <ref>{{Cite web |title=King Oyo Launches Save River Mpanga Now Campaign : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/king-oyo-launches-save-river-mpanga-now-campaign- |access-date=2026-08-28 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> Ng’asuula obuweerero bw’olubiri lwe, Kabaka Oyo yali ku mwanjo mu kaweefube w’okukunga abantu b’omu kitundu okugogola omugga guno n’okuguwummuza kasasiro omukalu ow’awaka, eyali alabika ng’azibye omugga. Ebifaananyi by’omugenzi Kabaka ng’asika kasasiro omukalu mu mugga bijja kusigala nga biwandiikiddwa enkalakkalira mu birowoozo by’abantu bangi. Akabonero kano ak’obuntu, akayambadde obwetoowaze, ke kagulumiza obufuzi bwe n’okwewaayo okutaliimu kubuusabuusa eri abantu be eri echolons eza waggulu bwe zityo. == Engule n'okusiimibwa == Mu bufuzi bwe bwonna, Kabaka Oyo abadde afuna ebirabo ebiwerako mu nsi yonna n’eby’omu kitundu ng’asiima omulimu gwe ogw’okuyamba abantu, kaweefube w’okuzimba emirembe, n’obukulembeze mu nteekateeka z’ebyobulamu mu bantu. * '''Global Top 100 Most Influential People of African Descent (2019):''' Yasiimibwa wansi w’omutendera gw’Ebyobufuzi n’Enfuga okuva mu kaweefube w’abantu abasinga obuyinza okuva mu Afrika (MIPAD) oluvannyuma lw’olukiiko lw’amawanga amagatte. <ref>{{Cite web |title=MIPAD Class of 2019: Most Influential People of African Descent |url=https://mipad.org |access-date=August 28, 2026 |website=MIPAD}}</ref> * '''World Civility Award (2019):''' Yasiimibwa ekitongole ky’ensi yonna ekya iChange Nations mu kuweza emyaka 24 egy’okutikkirwa ku ntebe olw’obukulembeze bwe obw’enjawulo obw’okuyamba abantu ne kampeyini z’okulwanyisa ekirwadde kya siriimu. <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 September 2019 |title=King Oyo Receives World Civility Award |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net |access-date=August 28, 2026 |work=Uganda Radio Network}}</ref> * '''Engule y’emirembe mu nsi yonna:''' Eweebwa Obuwangwa obw’omu Ggulu, Emirembe gy’Ensi Yonna, Okuzzaawo Ekitangaala (HWPL) ng’asiima omulimu gwe yakola mu kutumbula obumu, obuwangwa, n’okugonjoola obutakkaanya mu Buvanjuba bwa Afrika. <ref>{{Cite news |title=Museveni, King Oyo get peace awards |url=https://monitor.co.ug |access-date=August 28, 2026 |work=Daily Monitor}}</ref> * '''Rotary Vocational Award:''' Eweebwa kiraabu za Rotary ez’omu kitundu olw’ebintu bye yeewaddeyo mu bulungi bw’abantu, naddala olw’okutegeka enkambi z’abasawo abangi ezaawa enkumi n’enkumi z’abantu be yalongoosebwa ku bwereere n’okufuna obujjanjabi. <ref>{{Cite news |title=King Oyo awarded for efforts in healthcare |url=https://monitor.co.ug |access-date=August 28, 2026 |work=Daily Monitor}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] kxetlt0klzwaxc3lp9444h3sjjh43x0 James Nkamwesiga Kasigwa 0 15682 74371 73445 2026-09-10T02:43:42Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 74371 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''James Nkamwesiga Kasigwa''' amanyiddwa nga James N. Kasigwa [[Munnayuganda]] yinginiya w’amasannyalaze, tekinologiya n’okuddukanya emirimu gya gavumenti aweereza nga dayirekita omukulu owa [[Uganda National Bureau of Standards]] (UNBS).<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=URN |date=2025-09-27 |title=Uganda sets 15 new standards for nsenene, ants sale |url=https://observer.ug/news/uganda-sets-15-new-standards-for-nsenene-ants-sale/ |access-date=2026-08-17 |website=The Observer Media Ltd |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=Uganda National Bureau Of Standards |url=https://www.unbs.go.ug/readmore-slider.php |access-date=2026-08-17 |website=www.unbs.go.ug |archive-date=2025-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251219232814/https://www.unbs.go.ug/readmore-slider.php |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":22">{{Cite web |title=ITU Symposium on ICTs and the Environment & Climate Change |url=https://www.itu.int/ITU-T/worksem/climatechange/201107/bios.html |access-date=2026-08-17 |website=www.itu.int}}</ref><ref name=":23">{{Cite web |title=ITU Symposium on ICTs and the Environment & Climate Change |url=https://www.itu.int/ITU-T/worksem/climatechange/201107/bios.html |access-date=2026-08-17 |website=www.itu.int}}</ref><ref name=":24">{{Cite web |title=ITU Symposium on ICTs and the Environment & Climate Change |url=https://www.itu.int/ITU-T/worksem/climatechange/201107/bios.html |access-date=2026-08-17 |website=www.itu.int}}</ref> == Obuyigirize bwe == Kasigwa alina diguli mu by’amasannyalaze okuva mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], diguli mu bya kompyuta, diguli eyookubiri mu by'empuliziganya okuva mu yunivasite y'e London South Bank mu [[Great Britain|Bungereza]], ne diguli eyookubiri mu by’okuddukanya bizinensi okuva mu ESAMI.<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":22" /> == Emirimu gye == Kasigwa yinginiya w’amasannyalaze era yaweerezaako ng’omusomesa mu yunivasite y’e Makerere, mu dipaatimenti ya kompyuta n'eby'amawulire okuva mu 2004 okutuuka mu 2007. Okuva mu 2007 okutuuka mu 2009, yakolagana n’ekitongole ky’eby'empuliziganya eky'eggwanga era oluvannyuma, yeegatta ku Minisitule y’ebyamawulire n’empuliziganya mu tekinologiya, gye yaweereza nga Ssentebe w’ekitongole ekya Multisector Working Group on ICT and Climate Change.<ref name=":22" /> Oluvannyuma yaweerezaako nga Kaminsona w’okutumbula ebikozesebwa ebya kompyuta mu Minisitule ya ICT n’okulungamya eggwanga nga tannaweereza nga Dayirekita wa saayansi, tekinologiya, okulungamya obuyiiya n’obukuumi bw’ebiramu mu Minisitule ya Saayansi, Tekinologiya n’Obuyiiya. Kasigwa era muwandiisi mu lukiiko lwa Uganda olw’omulundi ogw’ekkumi olwa National Standards Council era yaliko omukiise wa Uganda mu kibiina ki International Telecommunication Union (ITU).<ref name=":22" /><ref name=":12" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-15 |title=Nkamwesiga appointed new UNBS executive director |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/nkamwesiga-appointed-new-unbs-executive-director--4622914 |access-date=2026-08-17 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=UNBS gets New National Standards Council – Ministry of Trade Industry and Cooperatives |url=https://www.mtic.go.ug/unbs-gets-new-national-standards-council/ |access-date=2026-08-17 |language=en-US}}</ref> Nga 13 Ogwokutaano 2024, Minisita w’ebyobusuubuzi, amakolero n’obwegassi Francis Mwebesa yalonda Kasigwa nga dayirekita omukulu owa UNBS era nga 9 Ogwekkumi 2025, yalondebwa ku lukiiko lw’ekibiina ki International Organization for Standardization (ISO) ku kisanja kya 2026–2028. Kasigwa ''mmemba'' wa Rotary International, Muyenga Tank Hill Club.<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":02" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-10-16 |title=Why UNBS boss has been told to step aside |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/why-unbs-boss-has-been-told-to-step-aside-5232468 |access-date=2026-08-17 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":32">{{Cite web |title=Uganda National Bureau Of Standards |url=https://www.unbs.go.ug/profiles.php?pg=Executive+Director&profile=&src=53&utm |access-date=2026-08-17 |website=www.unbs.go.ug}}</ref> ''Okwongerezaako, yaliko ssentebe w’abakungu'' abakulu mu kibiina kya Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA) ne ''National Chairman'' of Uganda Scientists, Researchers & Allied Workers Union. Kasigwa era yaliko ''Ssentebe'' w’akakiiko k’ebyekikugu ak’enjawulo akavunaanyizibwa ku by’enjigiriza, ssaayansi ne tekinologiya (STCEST) mu mukago gwa Afrika.<ref name=":32" /> ''Kasigwa yaliko ssentebe w’olukiiko'' lwa AU-EU High Level Policy Dialogue (HLPD) ku Saayansi, Tekinologiya n’Obuyiiya era yaliko ''n’omukwanaganya w’enteekateeka'' ya Uganda National Space Science & Technology Program n’ebigendererwa by’enkulaakulana y’eggwanga. Ekirala '', ye mmemba eyatandikawo'' pulojekiti ya African Development Satellite (AfDevSat) era ye y'omu kuba mm''emba abaatandikawo ate omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa'' ISACA Kampala Chapter (2009-2011).<ref name=":32" /> == Laba ne == * [[Rosemary Kisembo]] * Andrew Kitaka * [[Ssebugga Kimeze]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] [[Category:Abantu abaasomerako ku Ttendekero ly'e Makerere]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abakozi ba gavumenti]] 8nzvjxf1yxapsj7zou3m9w16op6jyia Obukama bwa Tooro 0 15726 74400 74165 2026-09-10T08:08:45Z Nambogo Catharine 6408 Added Databox 74400 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> [[File:Palace_of_the_king_of_the_Tooro_Kingdom_-_Flickr_-_Dave_Proffer.jpg|thumb| Olubiri lwa Tooro]] [[File:The_parliiament_of_Toro_Kingdown_09.jpg|thumb| Palamenti y’Obukama bwa Tooro]] [[File:Kingdom_of_Toro_(map_of_the_original_kingdom).png|thumb| Obukama bwa Tooro obw’olubereberye (obumyufu) n’amagombolola gaabwo. [[Nnalubaale|Ennyanja Victoria]] n’amazzi amalala biriko ekisiikirize kya langi ya bbulu.]] '''Obukama''' '''bwa Tooro,''' Bukama bw'alubu lw'abantu oluyitibwa Bantu obusangibwa mu nsalo za [[Uganda]] . Abantu enzaalwa z'obukama buno be Batooro, era n'olulimi lwabwe luyitibwa Rutooro.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Today in History: Toro king passes on |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1506226/history-toro-king-passes |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=www.newvision.co.ug}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Turyahikayo |first=B. |date=1976 |title=Review of A Dynastic History "The Kingdom of Toro in Uganda" |journal=Transafrican Journal of History |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=194–200 |issn=0251-0391 |jstor=24520247}}</ref> Abatooro n’abo ab’obukama obuliraanyewo obw’e Bunyoro, boogera ennimi ezikwatagana ennyo, Olutooro n’Olurunyoro, era balina engeri endala nnyingi ez’obuwangwa ezifaanagana.<ref name=":1" /> Batooro babeera ku nsalo ya Uganda ey’Obugwanjuba, mu bukiikaddyo [[Ennyanja Mwitanzige|bw’ennyanja Albert]]<ref name=":0" /> == Enzirukanya y’emirimu mu Tooro == Enfuga y’Obukama bwa Tooro,nga buno busangibwa mu [[Fort Portal]], Uganda, bukulemberwa [[Omukama owa Tooro|Omukama wa Tooro]] (Kabaka) eyali, okutuusa nga 27 Ogwomunaana 2026, [[Rukidi IV owa Tooro|Oyo Nyimba Kabamba Iguru Rukidi IV]]. Okusalawo okukulu kubaawo nga bayita mu lukiiko olw’oku ntikko (Orukurato) ku kitebe e Mucwa, nga waliwo [[Omuhikirwa]] (Katikkiro) alondebwa Omukama okukulembera Kabineti. Omukama Oyo, eyafuga okuva mu 1995 okutuuka mu 2026 (bwe yafa ku myaka 34), abadde yeesigamye ku kabineti okukola emirimu gya buli lunaku, ng’obukulembeze gye buvuddeko bwali wansi wa Ssaabaminisita Calvin Armstrong Rwomiire Akiiki (yalondebwa Ogwokubiri 2025).<ref>{{Cite web |title='King Oyo names new Tooro Prime Minister ahead of 30th coronation' |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/king-oyo-names-new-tooro-prime-minister-ahead-of-30th-coronation-4926618}}</ref> Kabineti eno elondebwa Ssaabaminisita, eddukanya emirimu nga Gavumenti ez’ebitundu, eby’obuwangwa, ebyobulimi, ebyobulamu, n’ebyobulambuzi. Palamenti ya Orukurato erimu abakiise okuva mu bika eby’enjawulo era etuula buli kiseera okuteesa ku nsonga z’obukama. Enfuga eno ebadde etera okubaamu okukyusa mu kabineti yaayo okutumbula emirimu, gamba ng’okwaliwo mu 2025, 2023, ne 2022 nga kugenderera okunyweza enteekateeka z’enkulaakulana, ebyobulamu, n’ebyenjigiriza. Okukuuma obuwangwa kye kisinga okutunuulirwa abaddukanya emirimu, omuli okukuuma eby’obuwangwa n’okuddaabiriza ebifo eby’okuziikamu abantu b'obukama (Amagasani). === Omujwera Omusuga === Omusuga ye mukulu w’ekika ky’aBabiito (Ababoyo) munda mu [[Obukama bwa Tooro|Bukama bwa Tooro]]. Omulimu gwe gugatta okulondoola amaka g’obukama mu by’obufuzi n’emirimu emikulu egy’okuwabula obukama. Mu byafaayo, Omusuga abadde avunaanyizibwa ku kulabirira enzirukanya y’obukama mu bulambalamba naddala mu biseera by’enkyukakyuka oba mu biseera by’obufuzi.<ref>{{Cite web |title='King Oyo gives Tooro a royal touch of success' |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/king-oyo-gives-tooro-a-royal-touch-of-success-4759000}}</ref> Okukola nga figurehead y’okutabaganya n’okusalawo mu butategeeragana mu kika ky’obwakabaka. Omusuga akola ng’omuwabuzi omukulu eri [[Omukama owa Tooro|Omukama w’e Tooro]] ku nsonga z’obuwangwa n’ebintu by’obwakabaka. Yeetaba mu kulondebwa kw’abafuzi, nga yeebuuza ku lukiiko lw’Obwakabaka olw’oku ntikko (Orukurato) ku kulonda abafuzi ba Omukama omuto, nga bwe kyali nga Omukama [[Rukidi IV owa Tooro|Rukidi IV]] tannaweza myaka 18. Ng’Omukulembeze ow’oku ntikko aweebwa ekitiibwa okubeera waggulu mu madaala g'obukulembeze era atuula mu mu kifo ekyawaggulu (Omusanga) mu kiseera ky’amatikkira. Abalangira Abakulu abasinga okumanyika; * Omujwera Omubiito(Omulangira) Keith Kagoro Amooti yaweereza mu bufuzi bwa muganda we, [[Omukama Rukidi III ow'e Tooro|Rukidi III]] * Omujwera Omusuga Omubiito ( Omulangira ) Charles Kayondo Kamurasi Akiiki ye Omusuga (omukulu w’ekika ky’obwakabaka)/omulangira omukulu mu kiseera kino.<ref>cite {{Cite web |date=23 January 2021 |title=Komuntale's giveaway party today |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/komuntale-s-giveaway-party-today-1530222}}</ref>Ayambibwako Omukonyezi wa Musuga Omujwera Omubiito ( Omulangira ) Kato Benard Ocaaki Rwakatale Abbooki. === Batebe(Omumbejja). === Batebe ( Princess Royal ) mwannyina omutongole ow'Omukama [[Omukama owa Tooro|Omukama ow’e Tooro]] era mukulu nnyo eri omusingi gw’obufuzi ng’ayita mu kifo kye ng’Omumbejja asinga obukulu mu nsi nga mu buwangwa ye mukyala asinga amaanyi oluvannyuma lwa Nyina Omukama (Maama w'Omukama). Batebe ye muwabuzi wa Kabaka omukulu mu nsonga z’amateeka n’ennono n’obukulembeze bw’abakyala. Ye Mutwe gw’Abambejja era nga avunaanyizibwa ku kubalungamya ku nnono, empisa, olulimi n’ensonga z’ekikazi, era alungamya Kabaka ku nsonga ze zimu ne Bannabagereka (Abago). Ng’omukulembeze ow’oku ntikko alina ekitiibwa okubeera waggulu mu madaala g'obukulembeze era atuula ku kifo ky'awaggulu (Omusanga) mu kiseera ky’amatikkirwa. Abatebe [[Obukama bwa Tooro|ow'Obukama bwa Tooro]] abasinga okumanyika; * [[Princess Elizabeth of Tooro|Omumbejja Elizabeth owa Tooro]],<ref>{{Cite news |title=Winnie Byanyima on Twitter |url=https://twitter.com/Winnie_Byanyima/status/1359247495960932354 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515182553/https://twitter.com/Winnie_Byanyima/status/1359247495960932354 |archive-date=2021-05-15 |access-date=2025-11-09 |work=Twitter |language=en}}</ref> ayinza okukaayanirwa nti ye mumbejja asinga okumanyika mu byafaayo bya Tooro, yaweereza nga Batebe ( Omumbejja mu Bukama ) okuva mu 1966 okutuuka mu 1995. Eri muganda we [[Omukama owa Tooro|Omukama ow'ekkumi n'ebiri ow'e Tooro]], [[Omukama w'e Tooro|Omukama Patrick David Matthew Kaboyo Rwamuhokya Olimi III]] * Omumbejja (Omubiitokati) Ruth Nsemere Komuntale Farquharson Akiiki, ye Omujwera Batebe ( <a href="./Princess_Royal" rel="mw:WikiLink" data-linkid="239" data-cx="{&amp;quot;adapted&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;sourceTitle&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;title&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Princess Royal&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;thumbnail&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;source&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;https://thumb.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Princess_Anne_September_2025.jpg/120px-Princess_Anne_September_2025.jpg?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&amp;amp;utm_campaign=api&amp;amp;utm_content=thumbnail&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;width&amp;quot;:80,&amp;quot;height&amp;quot;:106},&amp;quot;description&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Noble title customarily awarded by British monarchs to their eldest daughters&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;pageprops&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wikibase_item&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Q1052964&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;pagelanguage&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;en&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;targetFrom&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;source&amp;quot;}" class="cx-link" id="mwdw" title="Princess Royal">Omumbejja mu Bukama</a> ) ow’e Tooro mu kiseera kino, nga yasikira ssenga we, [[Princess Elizabeth of Tooro|Omumbejja Elizabeth owa Tooro]], mu 1995.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Princess Royal Ruth Nsemere Komuntale' |url=https://toorokingdom.org/princess-royal-ruth-nsemere-komuntale/}}</ref> Ayambibwako ssenga we omuyambi Batebe Omumbejja (Omubiitokati) Margaret Juliana Komubaizi Abwooli.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Princess Margret Kumubaizi Abwooli' |url=https://www.tised-u.org/dt_team/princess-margret-kumubaizi-abwooli/#:~:text=Princess%20Margret%20KumubaiziAbwooli%20is%20a,(Batebe)%20of%20Tooro%20Kingdom.}}</ref> * Omumbejja (Omubiitokati) Ruth Komuntale Keesi Bahindi, yatuuzibwa ku bwa Rubuga (mwannyina wa Kabaka) eri mwannyina, Omukama [[Omukama Rukidi III ow'e Tooro|Rukidi III]], mu 1929, oluvannyuma n’afuuka Omujwera Batebe mu 1961. * Omumbejja (Omubiitokati) Mukakiyabara Maliza Bagaya Rwigirwa:Yateekebwawo nga Batebe eri muganda we [[Omukama owa Tooro|Omukama ow’ekkumi ow’e Tooro]], [[Kyebambe III owe Tooro|Kyebambe III]] mu Gwomunaana 1891. == Ebyafaayo bwabwo == Obukama bwa Tooro bwava mu kitundu kya Bunyoro ekyakutuka ekiseera nga ekyasa eky’ekkumi n’omwenda tekinnatuuka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uganda Batoro - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System |url=https://photius.com/countries/uganda/society/uganda_society_batoro.html |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=photius.com}}</ref> Yatandikibwawo mu 1830 [[Omukama owa Tooro|Omukama]] [[Olimi I owe Tooro|Kaboyo Olimi I]], mutabani omukulu owa Omukama ow’e Bunyoro [[Nyamukutura Kyebambe III owe Bunyoro|Nyamutukura Kyebambe III ow’e Bunyoro]], bwe yeekutula n’atandikawo obukama bwe obwetongodde.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> Yayingizibwa mu Bunyoro-Kitara mu 1876, n’eddamu okukakasa obwetwaze bwayo mu 1891. Mu 1967, nga ssemateeka wa Uganda owookusatu akakasiddwa, obukama bwa Tooro bwaggyibwawo, wamu n’obwakabaka bwa [[Buganda]], Bunyoro, Ankole, ne Busoga, naye ne buzzibwawo mu 1993.<ref name=":0" /> [[File:Tooro_Palace.jpg|thumb|300x300px| Olubiri lwa Tooro ku lusozi Karuzika nga lutunudde mu kibuga Fort Portal]] == Obuyinza bw’obuwangwa bwabwe == Omusiizi w’ebifaananyi Omu Austria, Friedensreich Hundertwasser (1928–2000) yamalayo ekiseera mu myaka gya 1960 gye yasiiga ebifaananyi ebiwerako n’abituuma amannya g’obukama.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hundertwasser - One Toro in the Kingdom of the Mountains of the Moon |url=https://hundertwasser.com/malerei/664_one_toro_in_the_kingdom_of_the_mountains_of_the_moon_582 |access-date=2024-01-25 |website=hundertwasser.com |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kingdom of the Toro von Friedensreich Hundertwasser auf artnet |url=http://www.artnet.de/k%C3%BCnstler/friedensreich-hundertwasser/kingdom-of-the-toro-whJKzg5Y-STsW60_az42Fg2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731234515/http://www.artnet.de/k%C3%BCnstler/friedensreich-hundertwasser/kingdom-of-the-toro-whJKzg5Y-STsW60_az42Fg2 |archive-date=2020-07-31}}</ref> Abatooro balina obuwangwa obw’amaanyi naye mu kusengeka bufaanagana n’obw’Abanyoro.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=The Kingdom of Toro |url=http://www.torokingdom.org/Toro.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812171403/http://torokingdom.org/ |archive-date=2020-08-12 |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=www.torokingdom.org}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=UNESCO - Empaako tradition of the Batooro, Banyoro, Batuku, Batagwenda and Banyabindi of western Uganda |url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/lists |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=ich.unesco.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Empaako Ceremony, Origin and meaning. |url=https://www.theugandan.info/empaako-ceremony-origin-and-meaning/ |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=The Ugandan}}</ref> Mu nkola y’okutuuma amannya agayituibwa Empaako, abaana baweebwa amannya agamu ku kkumi n’abiri agagabanibwa mu bitundu byonna nga kwotadde n’amannya ge baweebwa mu maka.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://crossculturalfoundation.or.ug/ |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=Cross-Cultural Foundation of Uganda}}</ref> Okwogera ku muntu ng’oyita Empaako ye, kukakasa bulungi enkolagana y’obuwangwa. Kiyinza okukozesebwa ng’engeri y’okulamusa oba okulangirira omukwano, ekitiibwa oba okwagala<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /> Okukozesa Empaako kuyinza okumalawo okusika omuguwa oba obusungu n’okuweereza obubaka obw’amaanyi ku nkwatagana z'abantu n’obumu, emirembe n’okutabagana.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last= |date=2015-11-02 |title=Pet Names (Empaako) and Their Meaning |url=https://bigeye.ug/pet-names-empaako-and-their-meaning/ |access-date=2020-05-30 |website=BigEye.ug |language=en-US}}</ref> Amannya g’Empaako ge gano: Amooti, Abooki, Akiiki, Ateenyi, Adyeeri, Atwooki, Abwooli, Araali, Acaali, Bbala, ne Okaali.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /> == ''Abakama ba'' ''Tooro'' == Wammanga lwe lukalala ''lw’Abakama'' b’e Tooro okuva mu mwaka gwa 1800: # [[Olimi I owe Tooro|Olimi I]] : 1822–1865 # [[Ruhaga owe Tooro|Ruhaga ow’e Tooro]] : 1865–1866 # [[Nyaika owe Tooro|Nyaika Kyebambe I]] : 1866–1871 ne 1871–1872 # [[Rukidi I owe Toro|Rukidi I]] : 1871. # [[Olimi II ow'e Tooro|Olimi II]] : 1872–1875 # [[Rukidi II ow’e Tooro|Rukidi II]] : 1875–1875 # [[Rububi Kyebambe II ow’e Tooro|Rububi Kyebambe II]] : 1875 ne 1877–1879 # [[Kakende ow'e Toro|Kakende Nyamuyonjo]] : 1875–1876 ne 1879–1880 # [[Katera ow'e Toro|Katera]] : 1876-1877 ## ''Interregnum, yakomawo e Bunyoro'' : 1880–1891 # [[Kyebambe III owe Tooro|Kyebambe III]] : 1891-1928 # [[Omukama Rukidi III ow'e Tooro|Rukidi III]] : 1929–1965 # [[Omukama w'e Tooro|Olimi III]] : 1965–1967 ne 1993–1995 ## ''mu kwefuula'' : 1967–1993 (o''bukama'' bwaggyibwawo) # [[Rukidi IV owa Tooro|Rukidi IV]] : 1995–2026 (o''bukama'' bwazzibwawo) == Laba ne == * [[Omukama owa Tooro]] * Omukama ow'e Bunyoro * [[Bunyoro|Obwakabaka bwa Bunyoro]] * [[Buganda|Obwakabaka bwa Buganda]] * [[Princess Elizabeth of Tooro|Omumbejja Elizabeth ow’e Tooro]] == Ensengeka y’ebitabo == * Ingham, Kenneth, ne banne. ''Obwakabaka bwa Toro mu Uganda'' . London: Methuen, 1975. Enkola y’okusomesa abantu. == Ebijuliziddwa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa ebweru wa wikipedia == * Obukama bwa Tooro [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] [[Category:Ebintu eby'atandikibwawo mu 1830 mu Africa]] [[Category:Obukama bwa Tooro]] [[Category:Obwakabaka mu Uganda]] [[Category:Amasaza n'amatwale agaatandikibwawo mu 1830]] l87eondcz4nthn9dfugacbyof87hpes Kampala Serena Hotel 0 15731 74373 74171 2026-09-10T03:49:30Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 74373 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Kampala Serena Hotel''' esangibwa mu [[Kampala]] ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu [[Uganda]]. Wooteeri eno erina emmunyeenye 5 ezagiwebwa ekitongole ky’ebyobulambuzi ekya Uganda Tourism Board.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barigaba |first=Julius |date=4 July 2015 |title=Hotels In Kampala Get Classified, Seven Years On |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Hotels-in-Kampala-get-classified--seven-years-on-/-/2560/2775098/-/1vxmf4/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705122101/http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Hotels-in-Kampala-get-classified--seven-years-on-/-/2560/2775098/-/1vxmf4/-/index.html |archive-date=5 July 2015 |access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref> == Ekifo == Wooteeri eno eri ku luguudo lwa Kintu ku [[Nakasero kasozi|lusozi lw'e Nakasero]], wakati mu Kampala. Wooteeri eno esangibwa mu ttaka lya yiika 17 ez'omuddo n'ennimiro.<ref>{{Cite web |last=AKDN |date=10 November 2006 |title=President Museveni and Aga Khan inaugurate Kampala Serena hotel |url=http://www.akdn.org/press-release/president-museveni-and-aga-khan-inaugurate-kampala-serena-hotel |access-date=20 May 2016 |publisher=[[Aga Khan Development Network]] (AKDN)}}</ref> Wooteeri eno eriraanye [[Sheraton Kampala Hotel|Kampala Sheraton Hotel]] ne [[Imperial Royale Hotel]]. Eri mu Kampala mu Division eyawakati, emu ku divizoni ettaano eziddukanya emirimu mu kibuga. Ensengeka za wooteeri ya Kampala Serena ku maapu ziri 0°19'08.0"N, 32°35'11.0"E (Latitude:0.318889; Longitude:32.586400).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/0%C2%B019%2708.0%22N+32%C2%B035%2711.0%22E/@0.3207149,32.5901292,15z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0?hl=en |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Google Maps |language=en}}</ref> == Okulambika okutwaliza awamu == Wooteeri eno yaggulwawo nga 31 ogwomusanvu 2006, oluvannyuma lw’emyezi kkuminamunaana ng’eddaabirizibwa nga yamalawo obukadde bwa ddoola za [[Amerika]] 30.5.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Olaki |first=Emmy |date=12 July 2012 |title=Serena Hotel ready |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/220/508898 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714163604/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/220/508898# |archive-date=2014-07-14 |access-date=7 July 2014 |publisher=[[New Vision]]}}</ref> Wooteeri eno eri mu kibiina kya Serena Hotels Group. Erimu ebisenge 152 nga kuliko n’ebisenge kkuminabisatu ebisulwamu nga kuliko n'eddiiro ng’ekimu ku byo kya pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Kampala Serena Hotel |url=http://www.serenahotels.com/serenakampala/default-en.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218223953/http://www.serenahotels.com/serenakampala/default-en.html |archive-date=18 December 2017 |access-date=7 July 2014 |publisher=[[Serena Hotels]]}}</ref> Mu lukiiko lwa Commonwealth Heads of Government olwa 2007 olwali mu Kampala, wooteeri eno yakyaza Nnabagereka Elizabeth II owa Bungereza okumala ebiro bina<ref>{{Cite web |last=Felix Osike, Alfred Wasike |first=and Henry Mukasa |date=21 November 2007 |title=Queen Elizabeth II Is Here |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/598389 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714231503/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/598389# |archive-date=2014-07-14 |access-date=7 July 2014 |publisher=[[New Vision]]}}</ref> Wooteeri eno erina ekifo kyayo eky'ennyonyi nnamunkanga okusobola okwanguya mu ntambula wakati wa wooteeri eno n'ekisaawe ky'ennyonyi Entebbe. Okuliraana wooteeri eno waliwo Kampala Serena International Conference Centre ng’etuuza abantu abawereraddala1,500 n’okubuvvunula ennimi eziwereraddala mwenda omulundi gumu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Conferences, Meetings And Events At the Kampala Serena Hotel |url=http://www.serenahotels.com/serenakampala/meetings-en.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714223918/http://www.serenahotels.com/serenakampala/meetings-en.html |archive-date=14 July 2014 |access-date=7 July 2014 |publisher=[[Serena Hotels]]}}</ref> Mu 2016, wooteeri eno bayongera okugigaziya, n’eyongerwako ebisenge 32, n’okulongoosa ebifo awategekebwa eby’okulya, ebyokunywa n’enkiiko.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Omusolo |first=Moses |date=25 August 2015 |title=Serena bets big on tourism rebound, gets Sh2bn loan |url=http://www.nation.co.ke/business/Serena-bets-big-on-tourism-rebound--gets-Sh2bn-loan/-/996/2845518/-/c2t78tz/-/index.html |access-date=25 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Juma |first=Victor |date=26 August 2015 |title=Serena Hotels in $20m deal with French fund Proparco |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Serena-Hotels-in--20m-deal-with-French-fund-Proparco/-/2560/2846234/-/item/0/-/tgb226/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223033805/http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Serena-Hotels-in--20m-deal-with-French-fund-Proparco/-/2560/2846234/-/item/0/-/tgb226/-/index.html |archive-date=23 December 2015 |access-date=27 August 2015}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == === Ekifo ekibeeramu enkiiko z'ensi yonna ku wooteeri ya Serena === Ekifo awatuula enkiiko z’ensi yonna ku wooteeri ya Serena kyazimbibwa mu 1975 okusobola okutegeka olukung’aana olw’omulundi ogwa 13 olw’ekibiina ekigatta obumu bwa Afrika (OAU).<ref name="sd">{{Cite web |last=Niebyl |first=Donald |date=29 March 2020 |title=10 Works of Yugoslav Modernist Architecture in Africa & the Middle East |url=https://www.spomenikdatabase.org/post/10-works-of-yugoslav-modernist-architecture-in-africa-the-middle-east |access-date=31 March 2020 |website=The Spomenik Database |publisher=The Spomenik Database}}</ref> Ekizimbe kino eky'enjuyi omukaaga kkampuni ya Energoprojekt holding okuva mu Non-Aligned Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ye yakimaliriza.<ref name="sd" /> Oluvannyuma ekifo kino kyakozesebwa gavumenti ya [[Idi Amin]] okukola emirimu gy'obwa pulezidenti egy’obuntu era okusinziira ku nsonda ezimu, n’okutulugunya abali bavuganya Amin n’abalabe be.<ref name="sd" /> == Obwannannyini == Kampala Serena ya kibiina ekigatta ebitongole bisatu: Tourism Promotion Services, ekitongole kya Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development; [[Ekitongole kya National Social Security Fund (Uganda)|Uganda National Social Security Fund]] ; ne Proparco, kkampuni ya Bufalansa ekola ku kussa ensimbi mu bizinensi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Juma |first=Victor |date=25 August 2015 |title=Serena Hotels in Sh2 billion deal with French fund Proparco |url=http://www.businessdailyafrica.com/Corporate-News/Serena-Hotels-in-Sh2bn-deal-with-French-fund-Proparco/-/539550/2846208/-/13x9fdf/-/index.html |access-date=20 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Geresom Musamali |first=and Charles Bwogi |date=8 October 2007 |title=NSSF buys 20% stake in Serena Hotel |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1217942/nssf-buys-stake-serena-hotel |access-date=20 May 2016}}</ref> Wammanga y'engeri emigabo mu bizinensi gyegigabanyizibwamu. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" |+Obwannannyini bwa Kampala Serena Hotel ! style="width:2em;" | Eddaala ! Erinnya lya nnannyini ! Ebitundu ku kikumi eby’obwannannyini |- | 1. 1. | Tourism Promotion Services | '''60.0.0''' |- | 2. 2. | National security fund | '''20.0''' |- | 3. 3. | PROPARCO | '''20.0''' |- | | '''Omugatte''' | '''100.0''' |- |} == Okuddaabiriza == Mu gwokusatu gwa 2016, wooteeri eno yatandika okuddaabirizibwa okwali kwa "kwongerako ebisenge ebipya 36 eby'okusulamu, ebisenge n'ediiro ebipya ey'omulembe, okuddaabiriza ekitundu n'okukyusa ebisenge by'enkiiko n'okutondawo ebisenge by'abakulira n'ebisenge by'enkiiko ebirala".<ref name="Reno">{{Cite web |last=Oketch |first=Martin Luther |date=20 May 2016 |title=Kampala Serena Hotel starts Shs 26 billion expansion |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Kampala-Serena-Hotel-starts- |access-date=20 March 2016}}</ref> Okugaziya kuno okwa doola za Amerika obukadde 8 ng’ekitundu kyassibwamu ensimbi okuva mu kkampuni ya PROPARCO eya Bufalansa era nga kyali kisuubirwa okumala emyezi 12.<ref name="Reno" /> == Laba ne == * [[Kampala Capital City Authority|Ekitongole kya Kampala Capital City Authority]] {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://www.serenahotels.com/serenakampala/default-en.html Kampala Serena Hotel homepage] Archived * [http://www.nation.co.ke/business/news/Serena+adds+Tanzanian+link+to+its+hotels+chain+/-/1006/1278730/-/n0lsu6/-/index.html Serena Ayongedde Tanzania Link Ku Hotels Yayo] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191227062235/https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/Serena+close+to+hotel+share+swap+deal/-/539552/1282618/-/item/0/-/ga2d64z/-/index.html Serena Kumpi ne Hotel Share Swap Ddiiru: TPS East Africa egenda kugula TPS Uganda]  * [http://www.worldtravelawards.com/award-ugandas-leading-hotel-2015 Wooteeri ekulembedde mu Uganda 2015] {{The Leading Hotels of the World|Africa}}{{Kampala District}} [[Category:Wooteri ezatekebwawo mu 2006]] [[Category:Wooteri eziri mu kampala]] t86mw3xr5n2h6yalmncvytv50iepwpv 74384 74373 2026-09-10T04:53:30Z ESTHER NAKITENDE 9175 ntaddeko databox 74384 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{databox}} '''Kampala Serena Hotel''' esangibwa mu [[Kampala]] ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu [[Uganda]]. Wooteeri eno erina emmunyeenye 5 ezagiwebwa ekitongole ky’ebyobulambuzi ekya Uganda Tourism Board.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barigaba |first=Julius |date=4 July 2015 |title=Hotels In Kampala Get Classified, Seven Years On |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Hotels-in-Kampala-get-classified--seven-years-on-/-/2560/2775098/-/1vxmf4/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705122101/http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Hotels-in-Kampala-get-classified--seven-years-on-/-/2560/2775098/-/1vxmf4/-/index.html |archive-date=5 July 2015 |access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref> == Ekifo == Wooteeri eno eri ku luguudo lwa Kintu ku [[Nakasero kasozi|lusozi lw'e Nakasero]], wakati mu Kampala. Wooteeri eno esangibwa mu ttaka lya yiika 17 ez'omuddo n'ennimiro.<ref>{{Cite web |last=AKDN |date=10 November 2006 |title=President Museveni and Aga Khan inaugurate Kampala Serena hotel |url=http://www.akdn.org/press-release/president-museveni-and-aga-khan-inaugurate-kampala-serena-hotel |access-date=20 May 2016 |publisher=[[Aga Khan Development Network]] (AKDN)}}</ref> Wooteeri eno eriraanye [[Sheraton Kampala Hotel|Kampala Sheraton Hotel]] ne [[Imperial Royale Hotel]]. Eri mu Kampala mu Division eyawakati, emu ku divizoni ettaano eziddukanya emirimu mu kibuga. Ensengeka za wooteeri ya Kampala Serena ku maapu ziri 0°19'08.0"N, 32°35'11.0"E (Latitude:0.318889; Longitude:32.586400).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/0%C2%B019%2708.0%22N+32%C2%B035%2711.0%22E/@0.3207149,32.5901292,15z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0?hl=en |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Google Maps |language=en}}</ref> == Okulambika okutwaliza awamu == Wooteeri eno yaggulwawo nga 31 ogwomusanvu 2006, oluvannyuma lw’emyezi kkuminamunaana ng’eddaabirizibwa nga yamalawo obukadde bwa ddoola za [[Amerika]] 30.5.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Olaki |first=Emmy |date=12 July 2012 |title=Serena Hotel ready |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/220/508898 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714163604/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/220/508898# |archive-date=2014-07-14 |access-date=7 July 2014 |publisher=[[New Vision]]}}</ref> Wooteeri eno eri mu kibiina kya Serena Hotels Group. Erimu ebisenge 152 nga kuliko n’ebisenge kkuminabisatu ebisulwamu nga kuliko n'eddiiro ng’ekimu ku byo kya pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Kampala Serena Hotel |url=http://www.serenahotels.com/serenakampala/default-en.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218223953/http://www.serenahotels.com/serenakampala/default-en.html |archive-date=18 December 2017 |access-date=7 July 2014 |publisher=[[Serena Hotels]]}}</ref> Mu lukiiko lwa Commonwealth Heads of Government olwa 2007 olwali mu Kampala, wooteeri eno yakyaza Nnabagereka Elizabeth II owa Bungereza okumala ebiro bina<ref>{{Cite web |last=Felix Osike, Alfred Wasike |first=and Henry Mukasa |date=21 November 2007 |title=Queen Elizabeth II Is Here |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/598389 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714231503/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/598389# |archive-date=2014-07-14 |access-date=7 July 2014 |publisher=[[New Vision]]}}</ref> Wooteeri eno erina ekifo kyayo eky'ennyonyi nnamunkanga okusobola okwanguya mu ntambula wakati wa wooteeri eno n'ekisaawe ky'ennyonyi Entebbe. Okuliraana wooteeri eno waliwo Kampala Serena International Conference Centre ng’etuuza abantu abawereraddala1,500 n’okubuvvunula ennimi eziwereraddala mwenda omulundi gumu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Conferences, Meetings And Events At the Kampala Serena Hotel |url=http://www.serenahotels.com/serenakampala/meetings-en.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714223918/http://www.serenahotels.com/serenakampala/meetings-en.html |archive-date=14 July 2014 |access-date=7 July 2014 |publisher=[[Serena Hotels]]}}</ref> Mu 2016, wooteeri eno bayongera okugigaziya, n’eyongerwako ebisenge 32, n’okulongoosa ebifo awategekebwa eby’okulya, ebyokunywa n’enkiiko.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Omusolo |first=Moses |date=25 August 2015 |title=Serena bets big on tourism rebound, gets Sh2bn loan |url=http://www.nation.co.ke/business/Serena-bets-big-on-tourism-rebound--gets-Sh2bn-loan/-/996/2845518/-/c2t78tz/-/index.html |access-date=25 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Juma |first=Victor |date=26 August 2015 |title=Serena Hotels in $20m deal with French fund Proparco |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Serena-Hotels-in--20m-deal-with-French-fund-Proparco/-/2560/2846234/-/item/0/-/tgb226/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223033805/http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Serena-Hotels-in--20m-deal-with-French-fund-Proparco/-/2560/2846234/-/item/0/-/tgb226/-/index.html |archive-date=23 December 2015 |access-date=27 August 2015}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == === Ekifo ekibeeramu enkiiko z'ensi yonna ku wooteeri ya Serena === Ekifo awatuula enkiiko z’ensi yonna ku wooteeri ya Serena kyazimbibwa mu 1975 okusobola okutegeka olukung’aana olw’omulundi ogwa 13 olw’ekibiina ekigatta obumu bwa Afrika (OAU).<ref name="sd">{{Cite web |last=Niebyl |first=Donald |date=29 March 2020 |title=10 Works of Yugoslav Modernist Architecture in Africa & the Middle East |url=https://www.spomenikdatabase.org/post/10-works-of-yugoslav-modernist-architecture-in-africa-the-middle-east |access-date=31 March 2020 |website=The Spomenik Database |publisher=The Spomenik Database}}</ref> Ekizimbe kino eky'enjuyi omukaaga kkampuni ya Energoprojekt holding okuva mu Non-Aligned Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ye yakimaliriza.<ref name="sd" /> Oluvannyuma ekifo kino kyakozesebwa gavumenti ya [[Idi Amin]] okukola emirimu gy'obwa pulezidenti egy’obuntu era okusinziira ku nsonda ezimu, n’okutulugunya abali bavuganya Amin n’abalabe be.<ref name="sd" /> == Obwannannyini == Kampala Serena ya kibiina ekigatta ebitongole bisatu: Tourism Promotion Services, ekitongole kya Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development; [[Ekitongole kya National Social Security Fund (Uganda)|Uganda National Social Security Fund]] ; ne Proparco, kkampuni ya Bufalansa ekola ku kussa ensimbi mu bizinensi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Juma |first=Victor |date=25 August 2015 |title=Serena Hotels in Sh2 billion deal with French fund Proparco |url=http://www.businessdailyafrica.com/Corporate-News/Serena-Hotels-in-Sh2bn-deal-with-French-fund-Proparco/-/539550/2846208/-/13x9fdf/-/index.html |access-date=20 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Geresom Musamali |first=and Charles Bwogi |date=8 October 2007 |title=NSSF buys 20% stake in Serena Hotel |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1217942/nssf-buys-stake-serena-hotel |access-date=20 May 2016}}</ref> Wammanga y'engeri emigabo mu bizinensi gyegigabanyizibwamu. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" |+Obwannannyini bwa Kampala Serena Hotel ! style="width:2em;" | Eddaala ! Erinnya lya nnannyini ! Ebitundu ku kikumi eby’obwannannyini |- | 1. 1. | Tourism Promotion Services | '''60.0.0''' |- | 2. 2. | National security fund | '''20.0''' |- | 3. 3. | PROPARCO | '''20.0''' |- | | '''Omugatte''' | '''100.0''' |- |} == Okuddaabiriza == Mu gwokusatu gwa 2016, wooteeri eno yatandika okuddaabirizibwa okwali kwa "kwongerako ebisenge ebipya 36 eby'okusulamu, ebisenge n'ediiro ebipya ey'omulembe, okuddaabiriza ekitundu n'okukyusa ebisenge by'enkiiko n'okutondawo ebisenge by'abakulira n'ebisenge by'enkiiko ebirala".<ref name="Reno">{{Cite web |last=Oketch |first=Martin Luther |date=20 May 2016 |title=Kampala Serena Hotel starts Shs 26 billion expansion |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Kampala-Serena-Hotel-starts- |access-date=20 March 2016}}</ref> Okugaziya kuno okwa doola za Amerika obukadde 8 ng’ekitundu kyassibwamu ensimbi okuva mu kkampuni ya PROPARCO eya Bufalansa era nga kyali kisuubirwa okumala emyezi 12.<ref name="Reno" /> == Laba ne == * [[Kampala Capital City Authority|Ekitongole kya Kampala Capital City Authority]] {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://www.serenahotels.com/serenakampala/default-en.html Kampala Serena Hotel homepage] Archived * [http://www.nation.co.ke/business/news/Serena+adds+Tanzanian+link+to+its+hotels+chain+/-/1006/1278730/-/n0lsu6/-/index.html Serena Ayongedde Tanzania Link Ku Hotels Yayo] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191227062235/https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/Serena+close+to+hotel+share+swap+deal/-/539552/1282618/-/item/0/-/ga2d64z/-/index.html Serena Kumpi ne Hotel Share Swap Ddiiru: TPS East Africa egenda kugula TPS Uganda]  * [http://www.worldtravelawards.com/award-ugandas-leading-hotel-2015 Wooteeri ekulembedde mu Uganda 2015] {{The Leading Hotels of the World|Africa}}{{Kampala District}} [[Category:Wooteri ezatekebwawo mu 2006]] [[Category:Wooteri eziri mu kampala]] tettylesdukb5pdbxu2gv1z24olm8wv 74385 74384 2026-09-10T04:54:04Z ESTHER NAKITENDE 9175 74385 wikitext text/x-wiki <gallery> Example.jpg|Caption1 Example.jpg|Caption2 </gallery>   {{databox}} '''Kampala Serena Hotel''' esangibwa mu [[Kampala]] ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu [[Uganda]]. Wooteeri eno erina emmunyeenye 5 ezagiwebwa ekitongole ky’ebyobulambuzi ekya Uganda Tourism Board.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barigaba |first=Julius |date=4 July 2015 |title=Hotels In Kampala Get Classified, Seven Years On |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Hotels-in-Kampala-get-classified--seven-years-on-/-/2560/2775098/-/1vxmf4/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705122101/http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Hotels-in-Kampala-get-classified--seven-years-on-/-/2560/2775098/-/1vxmf4/-/index.html |archive-date=5 July 2015 |access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref> == Ekifo == Wooteeri eno eri ku luguudo lwa Kintu ku [[Nakasero kasozi|lusozi lw'e Nakasero]], wakati mu Kampala. Wooteeri eno esangibwa mu ttaka lya yiika 17 ez'omuddo n'ennimiro.<ref>{{Cite web |last=AKDN |date=10 November 2006 |title=President Museveni and Aga Khan inaugurate Kampala Serena hotel |url=http://www.akdn.org/press-release/president-museveni-and-aga-khan-inaugurate-kampala-serena-hotel |access-date=20 May 2016 |publisher=[[Aga Khan Development Network]] (AKDN)}}</ref> Wooteeri eno eriraanye [[Sheraton Kampala Hotel|Kampala Sheraton Hotel]] ne [[Imperial Royale Hotel]]. Eri mu Kampala mu Division eyawakati, emu ku divizoni ettaano eziddukanya emirimu mu kibuga. Ensengeka za wooteeri ya Kampala Serena ku maapu ziri 0°19'08.0"N, 32°35'11.0"E (Latitude:0.318889; Longitude:32.586400).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/0%C2%B019%2708.0%22N+32%C2%B035%2711.0%22E/@0.3207149,32.5901292,15z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0?hl=en |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Google Maps |language=en}}</ref> == Okulambika okutwaliza awamu == Wooteeri eno yaggulwawo nga 31 ogwomusanvu 2006, oluvannyuma lw’emyezi kkuminamunaana ng’eddaabirizibwa nga yamalawo obukadde bwa ddoola za [[Amerika]] 30.5.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Olaki |first=Emmy |date=12 July 2012 |title=Serena Hotel ready |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/220/508898 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714163604/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/220/508898# |archive-date=2014-07-14 |access-date=7 July 2014 |publisher=[[New Vision]]}}</ref> Wooteeri eno eri mu kibiina kya Serena Hotels Group. Erimu ebisenge 152 nga kuliko n’ebisenge kkuminabisatu ebisulwamu nga kuliko n'eddiiro ng’ekimu ku byo kya pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Kampala Serena Hotel |url=http://www.serenahotels.com/serenakampala/default-en.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218223953/http://www.serenahotels.com/serenakampala/default-en.html |archive-date=18 December 2017 |access-date=7 July 2014 |publisher=[[Serena Hotels]]}}</ref> Mu lukiiko lwa Commonwealth Heads of Government olwa 2007 olwali mu Kampala, wooteeri eno yakyaza Nnabagereka Elizabeth II owa Bungereza okumala ebiro bina<ref>{{Cite web |last=Felix Osike, Alfred Wasike |first=and Henry Mukasa |date=21 November 2007 |title=Queen Elizabeth II Is Here |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/598389 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714231503/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/598389# |archive-date=2014-07-14 |access-date=7 July 2014 |publisher=[[New Vision]]}}</ref> Wooteeri eno erina ekifo kyayo eky'ennyonyi nnamunkanga okusobola okwanguya mu ntambula wakati wa wooteeri eno n'ekisaawe ky'ennyonyi Entebbe. Okuliraana wooteeri eno waliwo Kampala Serena International Conference Centre ng’etuuza abantu abawereraddala1,500 n’okubuvvunula ennimi eziwereraddala mwenda omulundi gumu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Conferences, Meetings And Events At the Kampala Serena Hotel |url=http://www.serenahotels.com/serenakampala/meetings-en.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714223918/http://www.serenahotels.com/serenakampala/meetings-en.html |archive-date=14 July 2014 |access-date=7 July 2014 |publisher=[[Serena Hotels]]}}</ref> Mu 2016, wooteeri eno bayongera okugigaziya, n’eyongerwako ebisenge 32, n’okulongoosa ebifo awategekebwa eby’okulya, ebyokunywa n’enkiiko.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Omusolo |first=Moses |date=25 August 2015 |title=Serena bets big on tourism rebound, gets Sh2bn loan |url=http://www.nation.co.ke/business/Serena-bets-big-on-tourism-rebound--gets-Sh2bn-loan/-/996/2845518/-/c2t78tz/-/index.html |access-date=25 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Juma |first=Victor |date=26 August 2015 |title=Serena Hotels in $20m deal with French fund Proparco |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Serena-Hotels-in--20m-deal-with-French-fund-Proparco/-/2560/2846234/-/item/0/-/tgb226/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223033805/http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Serena-Hotels-in--20m-deal-with-French-fund-Proparco/-/2560/2846234/-/item/0/-/tgb226/-/index.html |archive-date=23 December 2015 |access-date=27 August 2015}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == === Ekifo ekibeeramu enkiiko z'ensi yonna ku wooteeri ya Serena === Ekifo awatuula enkiiko z’ensi yonna ku wooteeri ya Serena kyazimbibwa mu 1975 okusobola okutegeka olukung’aana olw’omulundi ogwa 13 olw’ekibiina ekigatta obumu bwa Afrika (OAU).<ref name="sd">{{Cite web |last=Niebyl |first=Donald |date=29 March 2020 |title=10 Works of Yugoslav Modernist Architecture in Africa & the Middle East |url=https://www.spomenikdatabase.org/post/10-works-of-yugoslav-modernist-architecture-in-africa-the-middle-east |access-date=31 March 2020 |website=The Spomenik Database |publisher=The Spomenik Database}}</ref> Ekizimbe kino eky'enjuyi omukaaga kkampuni ya Energoprojekt holding okuva mu Non-Aligned Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ye yakimaliriza.<ref name="sd" /> Oluvannyuma ekifo kino kyakozesebwa gavumenti ya [[Idi Amin]] okukola emirimu gy'obwa pulezidenti egy’obuntu era okusinziira ku nsonda ezimu, n’okutulugunya abali bavuganya Amin n’abalabe be.<ref name="sd" /> == Obwannannyini == Kampala Serena ya kibiina ekigatta ebitongole bisatu: Tourism Promotion Services, ekitongole kya Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development; [[Ekitongole kya National Social Security Fund (Uganda)|Uganda National Social Security Fund]] ; ne Proparco, kkampuni ya Bufalansa ekola ku kussa ensimbi mu bizinensi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Juma |first=Victor |date=25 August 2015 |title=Serena Hotels in Sh2 billion deal with French fund Proparco |url=http://www.businessdailyafrica.com/Corporate-News/Serena-Hotels-in-Sh2bn-deal-with-French-fund-Proparco/-/539550/2846208/-/13x9fdf/-/index.html |access-date=20 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Geresom Musamali |first=and Charles Bwogi |date=8 October 2007 |title=NSSF buys 20% stake in Serena Hotel |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1217942/nssf-buys-stake-serena-hotel |access-date=20 May 2016}}</ref> Wammanga y'engeri emigabo mu bizinensi gyegigabanyizibwamu. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" |+Obwannannyini bwa Kampala Serena Hotel ! style="width:2em;" | Eddaala ! Erinnya lya nnannyini ! Ebitundu ku kikumi eby’obwannannyini |- | 1. 1. | Tourism Promotion Services | '''60.0.0''' |- | 2. 2. | National security fund | '''20.0''' |- | 3. 3. | PROPARCO | '''20.0''' |- | | '''Omugatte''' | '''100.0''' |- |} == Okuddaabiriza == Mu gwokusatu gwa 2016, wooteeri eno yatandika okuddaabirizibwa okwali kwa "kwongerako ebisenge ebipya 36 eby'okusulamu, ebisenge n'ediiro ebipya ey'omulembe, okuddaabiriza ekitundu n'okukyusa ebisenge by'enkiiko n'okutondawo ebisenge by'abakulira n'ebisenge by'enkiiko ebirala".<ref name="Reno">{{Cite web |last=Oketch |first=Martin Luther |date=20 May 2016 |title=Kampala Serena Hotel starts Shs 26 billion expansion |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Kampala-Serena-Hotel-starts- |access-date=20 March 2016}}</ref> Okugaziya kuno okwa doola za Amerika obukadde 8 ng’ekitundu kyassibwamu ensimbi okuva mu kkampuni ya PROPARCO eya Bufalansa era nga kyali kisuubirwa okumala emyezi 12.<ref name="Reno" /> == Laba ne == * [[Kampala Capital City Authority|Ekitongole kya Kampala Capital City Authority]] {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://www.serenahotels.com/serenakampala/default-en.html Kampala Serena Hotel homepage] Archived * [http://www.nation.co.ke/business/news/Serena+adds+Tanzanian+link+to+its+hotels+chain+/-/1006/1278730/-/n0lsu6/-/index.html Serena Ayongedde Tanzania Link Ku Hotels Yayo] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191227062235/https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/Serena+close+to+hotel+share+swap+deal/-/539552/1282618/-/item/0/-/ga2d64z/-/index.html Serena Kumpi ne Hotel Share Swap Ddiiru: TPS East Africa egenda kugula TPS Uganda]  * [http://www.worldtravelawards.com/award-ugandas-leading-hotel-2015 Wooteeri ekulembedde mu Uganda 2015] {{The Leading Hotels of the World|Africa}}{{Kampala District}} [[Category:Wooteri ezatekebwawo mu 2006]] [[Category:Wooteri eziri mu kampala]] rhwc05t9judol4gpqzc7phuzylurir7 74386 74385 2026-09-10T04:54:42Z ESTHER NAKITENDE 9175 74386 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{databox}} '''Kampala Serena Hotel''' esangibwa mu [[Kampala]] ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu [[Uganda]]. Wooteeri eno erina emmunyeenye 5 ezagiwebwa ekitongole ky’ebyobulambuzi ekya Uganda Tourism Board.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Barigaba |first=Julius |date=4 July 2015 |title=Hotels In Kampala Get Classified, Seven Years On |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Hotels-in-Kampala-get-classified--seven-years-on-/-/2560/2775098/-/1vxmf4/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150705122101/http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Hotels-in-Kampala-get-classified--seven-years-on-/-/2560/2775098/-/1vxmf4/-/index.html |archive-date=5 July 2015 |access-date=4 July 2015}}</ref> == Ekifo == Wooteeri eno eri ku luguudo lwa Kintu ku [[Nakasero kasozi|lusozi lw'e Nakasero]], wakati mu Kampala. Wooteeri eno esangibwa mu ttaka lya yiika 17 ez'omuddo n'ennimiro.<ref>{{Cite web |last=AKDN |date=10 November 2006 |title=President Museveni and Aga Khan inaugurate Kampala Serena hotel |url=http://www.akdn.org/press-release/president-museveni-and-aga-khan-inaugurate-kampala-serena-hotel |access-date=20 May 2016 |publisher=[[Aga Khan Development Network]] (AKDN)}}</ref> Wooteeri eno eriraanye [[Sheraton Kampala Hotel|Kampala Sheraton Hotel]] ne [[Imperial Royale Hotel]]. Eri mu Kampala mu Division eyawakati, emu ku divizoni ettaano eziddukanya emirimu mu kibuga. Ensengeka za wooteeri ya Kampala Serena ku maapu ziri 0°19'08.0"N, 32°35'11.0"E (Latitude:0.318889; Longitude:32.586400).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/0%C2%B019%2708.0%22N+32%C2%B035%2711.0%22E/@0.3207149,32.5901292,15z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0?hl=en |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Google Maps |language=en}}</ref> == Okulambika okutwaliza awamu == Wooteeri eno yaggulwawo nga 31 ogwomusanvu 2006, oluvannyuma lw’emyezi kkuminamunaana ng’eddaabirizibwa nga yamalawo obukadde bwa ddoola za [[Amerika]] 30.5.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Olaki |first=Emmy |date=12 July 2012 |title=Serena Hotel ready |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/220/508898 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714163604/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/220/508898# |archive-date=2014-07-14 |access-date=7 July 2014 |publisher=[[New Vision]]}}</ref> Wooteeri eno eri mu kibiina kya Serena Hotels Group. Erimu ebisenge 152 nga kuliko n’ebisenge kkuminabisatu ebisulwamu nga kuliko n'eddiiro ng’ekimu ku byo kya pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Kampala Serena Hotel |url=http://www.serenahotels.com/serenakampala/default-en.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218223953/http://www.serenahotels.com/serenakampala/default-en.html |archive-date=18 December 2017 |access-date=7 July 2014 |publisher=[[Serena Hotels]]}}</ref> Mu lukiiko lwa Commonwealth Heads of Government olwa 2007 olwali mu Kampala, wooteeri eno yakyaza Nnabagereka Elizabeth II owa Bungereza okumala ebiro bina<ref>{{Cite web |last=Felix Osike, Alfred Wasike |first=and Henry Mukasa |date=21 November 2007 |title=Queen Elizabeth II Is Here |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/598389 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714231503/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/598389# |archive-date=2014-07-14 |access-date=7 July 2014 |publisher=[[New Vision]]}}</ref> Wooteeri eno erina ekifo kyayo eky'ennyonyi nnamunkanga okusobola okwanguya mu ntambula wakati wa wooteeri eno n'ekisaawe ky'ennyonyi Entebbe. Okuliraana wooteeri eno waliwo Kampala Serena International Conference Centre ng’etuuza abantu abawereraddala1,500 n’okubuvvunula ennimi eziwereraddala mwenda omulundi gumu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Conferences, Meetings And Events At the Kampala Serena Hotel |url=http://www.serenahotels.com/serenakampala/meetings-en.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714223918/http://www.serenahotels.com/serenakampala/meetings-en.html |archive-date=14 July 2014 |access-date=7 July 2014 |publisher=[[Serena Hotels]]}}</ref> Mu 2016, wooteeri eno bayongera okugigaziya, n’eyongerwako ebisenge 32, n’okulongoosa ebifo awategekebwa eby’okulya, ebyokunywa n’enkiiko.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Omusolo |first=Moses |date=25 August 2015 |title=Serena bets big on tourism rebound, gets Sh2bn loan |url=http://www.nation.co.ke/business/Serena-bets-big-on-tourism-rebound--gets-Sh2bn-loan/-/996/2845518/-/c2t78tz/-/index.html |access-date=25 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Juma |first=Victor |date=26 August 2015 |title=Serena Hotels in $20m deal with French fund Proparco |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Serena-Hotels-in--20m-deal-with-French-fund-Proparco/-/2560/2846234/-/item/0/-/tgb226/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223033805/http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Serena-Hotels-in--20m-deal-with-French-fund-Proparco/-/2560/2846234/-/item/0/-/tgb226/-/index.html |archive-date=23 December 2015 |access-date=27 August 2015}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == === Ekifo ekibeeramu enkiiko z'ensi yonna ku wooteeri ya Serena === Ekifo awatuula enkiiko z’ensi yonna ku wooteeri ya Serena kyazimbibwa mu 1975 okusobola okutegeka olukung’aana olw’omulundi ogwa 13 olw’ekibiina ekigatta obumu bwa Afrika (OAU).<ref name="sd">{{Cite web |last=Niebyl |first=Donald |date=29 March 2020 |title=10 Works of Yugoslav Modernist Architecture in Africa & the Middle East |url=https://www.spomenikdatabase.org/post/10-works-of-yugoslav-modernist-architecture-in-africa-the-middle-east |access-date=31 March 2020 |website=The Spomenik Database |publisher=The Spomenik Database}}</ref> Ekizimbe kino eky'enjuyi omukaaga kkampuni ya Energoprojekt holding okuva mu Non-Aligned Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ye yakimaliriza.<ref name="sd" /> Oluvannyuma ekifo kino kyakozesebwa gavumenti ya [[Idi Amin]] okukola emirimu gy'obwa pulezidenti egy’obuntu era okusinziira ku nsonda ezimu, n’okutulugunya abali bavuganya Amin n’abalabe be.<ref name="sd" /> == Obwannannyini == Kampala Serena ya kibiina ekigatta ebitongole bisatu: Tourism Promotion Services, ekitongole kya Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development; [[Ekitongole kya National Social Security Fund (Uganda)|Uganda National Social Security Fund]] ; ne Proparco, kkampuni ya Bufalansa ekola ku kussa ensimbi mu bizinensi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Juma |first=Victor |date=25 August 2015 |title=Serena Hotels in Sh2 billion deal with French fund Proparco |url=http://www.businessdailyafrica.com/Corporate-News/Serena-Hotels-in-Sh2bn-deal-with-French-fund-Proparco/-/539550/2846208/-/13x9fdf/-/index.html |access-date=20 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Geresom Musamali |first=and Charles Bwogi |date=8 October 2007 |title=NSSF buys 20% stake in Serena Hotel |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1217942/nssf-buys-stake-serena-hotel |access-date=20 May 2016}}</ref> Wammanga y'engeri emigabo mu bizinensi gyegigabanyizibwamu. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" |+Obwannannyini bwa Kampala Serena Hotel ! style="width:2em;" | Eddaala ! Erinnya lya nnannyini ! Ebitundu ku kikumi eby’obwannannyini |- | 1. 1. | Tourism Promotion Services | '''60.0.0''' |- | 2. 2. | National security fund | '''20.0''' |- | 3. 3. | PROPARCO | '''20.0''' |- | | '''Omugatte''' | '''100.0''' |- |} == Okuddaabiriza == Mu gwokusatu gwa 2016, wooteeri eno yatandika okuddaabirizibwa okwali kwa "kwongerako ebisenge ebipya 36 eby'okusulamu, ebisenge n'ediiro ebipya ey'omulembe, okuddaabiriza ekitundu n'okukyusa ebisenge by'enkiiko n'okutondawo ebisenge by'abakulira n'ebisenge by'enkiiko ebirala".<ref name="Reno">{{Cite web |last=Oketch |first=Martin Luther |date=20 May 2016 |title=Kampala Serena Hotel starts Shs 26 billion expansion |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Kampala-Serena-Hotel-starts- |access-date=20 March 2016}}</ref> Okugaziya kuno okwa doola za Amerika obukadde 8 ng’ekitundu kyassibwamu ensimbi okuva mu kkampuni ya PROPARCO eya Bufalansa era nga kyali kisuubirwa okumala emyezi 12.<ref name="Reno" /> == Laba ne == * [[Kampala Capital City Authority|Ekitongole kya Kampala Capital City Authority]] {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://www.serenahotels.com/serenakampala/default-en.html Kampala Serena Hotel homepage] Archived * [http://www.nation.co.ke/business/news/Serena+adds+Tanzanian+link+to+its+hotels+chain+/-/1006/1278730/-/n0lsu6/-/index.html Serena Ayongedde Tanzania Link Ku Hotels Yayo] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191227062235/https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/Serena+close+to+hotel+share+swap+deal/-/539552/1282618/-/item/0/-/ga2d64z/-/index.html Serena Kumpi ne Hotel Share Swap Ddiiru: TPS East Africa egenda kugula TPS Uganda]  * [http://www.worldtravelawards.com/award-ugandas-leading-hotel-2015 Wooteeri ekulembedde mu Uganda 2015] {{The Leading Hotels of the World|Africa}}{{Kampala District}} [[Category:Wooteri ezatekebwawo mu 2006]] [[Category:Wooteri eziri mu kampala]] tettylesdukb5pdbxu2gv1z24olm8wv Help:Gadget-Cat-a-lot 12 15732 74203 2026-09-09T15:09:35Z B722N 6898 created this page 74203 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|MediaWiki JavaScript gadget for mass recategorization}}{{soft redirect|commons:Help:Gadget-Cat-a-lot}} l14nnxsz3dr7nhcfbil3qtyrilbinh2 Template:Orphan 10 15733 74215 2025-08-16T19:11:09Z en>Paine Ellsworth 0 per edit request on talk page - this tool hasn't worked correctly since the advent of Visual Editor 74215 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B={{draft other||{{Ambox | name = Orphan | type = style<!--Style issues, such as {{cleanup}} and {{underlinked}}--> | class = ambox-Orphan | style = {{#switch: {{{date|}}} | {{Monthyear}} = | {{Monthyear-1}} = | display: none}}<!--Optional CSS value, specifies the style used by the entire message box table--> | image = [[File:Wiki letter w.svg|50x40px]] | all = All orphaned articles | sect = article | plainlinks = no | text = '''is an [[Wikipedia:Orphan|orphan]], as no other articles <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Special:WhatLinksHere|target={{PAGENAMEE}}&namespace=0}} link to it]</span>'''. 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Please [[Help:Link|introduce links]] to this page from <span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&redirs=1&search={{PAGENAMEU}}&fulltext=Search&ns0=1&title=Special%3ASearch&advanced=1&fulltext={{PAGENAMEU}} related articles]</span>. | cat = {{#if:{{{att|}}}|Attempted de-orphan|Orphaned articles}} | date = {{#if:{{{att|}}}| {{{att}}} | {{{date|}}} }} }} }} }}<noinclude> <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage; interwikis go to Wikidata, thank you! --> {{documentation}} </noinclude> dbx2e1gakudu8ggb67fhmap49v9hv2j Template:DMCA 10 15734 74225 2023-02-03T21:12:07Z en>Paine Ellsworth 0 add [[WP:RCAT|rcat template]] 74225 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from move}} {{R from modification}} {{R from template shortcut}} }} d7o1zgmi8ok7ch6ys9rawagqojiect0 74226 74225 2026-09-09T16:22:14Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Template:DMCA]]: Importing Orphan Template 74225 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from move}} {{R from modification}} {{R from template shortcut}} }} d7o1zgmi8ok7ch6ys9rawagqojiect0 Template:Dated maintenance category 10 15735 74227 2014-01-08T08:14:55Z en>John of Reading 0 Second attempt. Those spaces upset inline templates such as {{As of}}. Instead, try an unconditional <nowiki/> 74227 wikitext text/x-wiki <nowiki/><!--This nowiki helps to prevent whitespace at the top of articles-->{{#ifeq:{{FULLROOTPAGENAME}}|Wikipedia:Template messages|<!--Do not categorize-->|<!-- -->{{#ifexpr:{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|0|1}}+{{#ifeq:{{{onlyarticles|no}}}|yes|0|1}} |{{#if:{{{3|}}} |[[Category:{{{1}}} {{{2}}} {{{3}}}]]<!-- -->{{#ifexist:Category:{{{1}}} {{{2}}} {{{3}}} |<!-- -->|[[Category:Articles with invalid date parameter in template]]<!-- -->}} |[[Category:{{#if:{{{5|}}} |{{{5}}}<!-- -->|{{{1}}}<!-- -->}}]]<!-- -->}}{{#if:{{{4|}}} |[[Category:{{{4}}}]]}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 7p59j4cq4i8wg65odpv5287yu50sczo 74228 74227 2026-09-09T16:22:14Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Template:Dated_maintenance_category]]: Importing Orphan Template 74227 wikitext text/x-wiki <nowiki/><!--This nowiki helps to prevent whitespace at the top of articles-->{{#ifeq:{{FULLROOTPAGENAME}}|Wikipedia:Template messages|<!--Do not categorize-->|<!-- -->{{#ifexpr:{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|0|1}}+{{#ifeq:{{{onlyarticles|no}}}|yes|0|1}} |{{#if:{{{3|}}} |[[Category:{{{1}}} {{{2}}} {{{3}}}]]<!-- -->{{#ifexist:Category:{{{1}}} {{{2}}} {{{3}}} |<!-- -->|[[Category:Articles with invalid date parameter in template]]<!-- -->}} |[[Category:{{#if:{{{5|}}} |{{{5}}}<!-- -->|{{{1}}}<!-- -->}}]]<!-- -->}}{{#if:{{{4|}}} |[[Category:{{{4}}}]]}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 7p59j4cq4i8wg65odpv5287yu50sczo Template:Fix 10 15736 74241 2025-09-14T16:45:46Z en>Ahecht 0 Reduce [[WP:PEIS]] 74241 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch:{{{subst|¬}}} |¬={{#invoke:Category handler|main |template=[[Category:Templates needing substitution checking]] |nocat={{{nocat|<noinclude>true</noinclude>}}} }} |SUBST=[[Category:Pages with incorrectly substituted templates]] }}{{#invoke:Category handler|main |main={{Fix/category |cat-date={{{cat-date|}}} |cat={{{cat|}}} |cat-date2={{{cat-date2|}}} |cat2={{{cat2|}}} |cat-date3={{{cat-date3|}}} |cat3={{{cat3|}}} |date={{{date|}}} }} |template={{#if:{{{name|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{name}}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}||{{#if:{{{date|}}}||[[Category:Templates including undated clean-up tags]]}}}}}} |subpage=no }}{{#if:{{{text|}}} |<sup class="noprint Inline-Template {{{class|}}}" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>{{#if:{{{pre-text|}}} |{{{pre-text}}}&#32; }}[[{{{link|Wikipedia:Cleanup}}}|<span title="{{#invoke:string|replace|source={{delink|1={{{title|{{{link|Wikipedia:Cleanup}}}}}}{{#if:{{{date|}}}|&#32;({{{date}}})}}}}|pattern=" |replace=&quot; |plain=true}}">{{{text|}}}</span>]]{{#if:{{{post-text|}}} |&#32;{{{post-text}}} }}</i>&#93;</sup>|{{{special|}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=[[Category:Pages using Template:Fix with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]|preview=Page using [[Template:Fix]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| cat | cat-date | cat-date2 | cat-date3 | cat2 | cat3 | class | date | link | name | nocat | post-text | pre-text | special | subst | text | title }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> jwz6zae1wne77hdp52ah3ko3sqik945 74242 74241 2026-09-09T16:22:14Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Template:Fix]]: Importing Orphan Template 74241 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch:{{{subst|¬}}} |¬={{#invoke:Category handler|main |template=[[Category:Templates needing substitution checking]] |nocat={{{nocat|<noinclude>true</noinclude>}}} }} |SUBST=[[Category:Pages with incorrectly substituted templates]] }}{{#invoke:Category handler|main |main={{Fix/category |cat-date={{{cat-date|}}} |cat={{{cat|}}} |cat-date2={{{cat-date2|}}} |cat2={{{cat2|}}} |cat-date3={{{cat-date3|}}} |cat3={{{cat3|}}} |date={{{date|}}} }} |template={{#if:{{{name|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{name}}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME}}||{{#if:{{{date|}}}||[[Category:Templates including undated clean-up tags]]}}}}}} |subpage=no }}{{#if:{{{text|}}} |<sup class="noprint Inline-Template {{{class|}}}" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>{{#if:{{{pre-text|}}} |{{{pre-text}}}&#32; }}[[{{{link|Wikipedia:Cleanup}}}|<span title="{{#invoke:string|replace|source={{delink|1={{{title|{{{link|Wikipedia:Cleanup}}}}}}{{#if:{{{date|}}}|&#32;({{{date}}})}}}}|pattern=" |replace=&quot; |plain=true}}">{{{text|}}}</span>]]{{#if:{{{post-text|}}} |&#32;{{{post-text}}} }}</i>&#93;</sup>|{{{special|}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown=[[Category:Pages using Template:Fix with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]|preview=Page using [[Template:Fix]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| cat | cat-date | cat-date2 | cat-date3 | cat2 | cat3 | class | date | link | name | nocat | post-text | pre-text | special | subst | text | title }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> jwz6zae1wne77hdp52ah3ko3sqik945 Template:Monthyear-1 10 15737 74247 2018-02-13T20:18:11Z en>WOSlinker 0 separate pp-template not needed 74247 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#time:F Y|{{#time:Y-m-d|{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}}} - 1 month}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> nmralra0z6jn6l4ksfd737e3u9oq0y7 74248 74247 2026-09-09T16:22:15Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Template:Monthyear-1]]: Importing Orphan Template 74247 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#time:F Y|{{#time:Y-m-d|{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}}} - 1 month}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> nmralra0z6jn6l4ksfd737e3u9oq0y7 Template:Update inline 10 15738 74261 2025-08-13T00:43:42Z en>Pppery 0 Changed protection settings for "[[Template:Update inline]]" ([Edit=Require template editor access] (indefinite) [Move=Require administrator access] (indefinite)) 74261 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= <!--{{Update-inline}} begin-->{{Fix | subst = <includeonly>{{subst:</includeonly><includeonly>substcheck}}</includeonly> | link = Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers#Chronological items | text = needs update{{#if:{{{?|}}}|?}} | title = {{{reason|This information {{#if:{{{?|}}}|may be|is}} in need of an update.}}} | date = {{{date|}}} | nocat = {{{nocat|false}}} }}{{DMCA|{{#if:{{{?|}}}|Articles containing potentially dated statements|Wikipedia articles in need of updating}}|from|{{{date|}}}|{{#if:{{{?|}}}|All articles containing potentially dated statements|All Wikipedia articles in need of updating}} }}<!--{{Update-small}} end--> }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 0rpawjc4rje09wy12x5fvzaxdiqllp8 74262 74261 2026-09-09T16:22:15Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Template:Update_inline]]: Importing Orphan Template 74261 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= <!--{{Update-inline}} begin-->{{Fix | subst = <includeonly>{{subst:</includeonly><includeonly>substcheck}}</includeonly> | link = Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers#Chronological items | text = needs update{{#if:{{{?|}}}|?}} | title = {{{reason|This information {{#if:{{{?|}}}|may be|is}} in need of an update.}}} | date = {{{date|}}} | nocat = {{{nocat|false}}} }}{{DMCA|{{#if:{{{?|}}}|Articles containing potentially dated statements|Wikipedia articles in need of updating}}|from|{{{date|}}}|{{#if:{{{?|}}}|All articles containing potentially dated statements|All Wikipedia articles in need of updating}} }}<!--{{Update-small}} end--> }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 0rpawjc4rje09wy12x5fvzaxdiqllp8 Template:Draft other 10 15739 74269 2019-03-22T07:06:30Z en>JJMC89 0 handled by {{documentation}} 74269 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch: <!--If no or empty "demospace" parameter then detect namespace--> {{#if:{{{demospace|}}} | {{lc: {{{demospace}}} }} <!--Use lower case "demospace"--> | {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:Draft}} | draft | other }} }} | draft = {{{1|}}} | other | #default = {{{2|}}} }}<!--End switch--><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> t5bu6a4i5wfytmys6599tgmcgftc3au 74270 74269 2026-09-09T16:22:16Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Template:Draft_other]]: Importing Orphan Template 74269 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch: <!--If no or empty "demospace" parameter then detect namespace--> {{#if:{{{demospace|}}} | {{lc: {{{demospace}}} }} <!--Use lower case "demospace"--> | {{#ifeq:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:Draft}} | draft | other }} }} | draft = {{{1|}}} | other | #default = {{{2|}}} }}<!--End switch--><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --> </noinclude> t5bu6a4i5wfytmys6599tgmcgftc3au Template:Monthyear 10 15740 74271 2020-04-26T23:46:22Z en>Plastikspork 0 Nested noinclude tags 74271 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#time:F Y}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 858f52xcavti69klo5l48ldu2zsj9zb 74272 74271 2026-09-09T16:22:16Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Template:Monthyear]]: Importing Orphan Template 74271 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#time:F Y}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 858f52xcavti69klo5l48ldu2zsj9zb Template:PAGENAMEU 10 15741 74273 2017-03-25T16:04:16Z en>Jo-Jo Eumerus 0 Changed protection level for "[[Template:PAGENAMEU]]": Allowing template editors on some templates with full protection dating back to pre-[[WP:TPROT]] times which aren't too often or too sensitively used. ([Edit=Require template editor access] (indefi... 74273 wikitext text/x-wiki {{urlencode:{{PAGENAME}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> a90v4pe3hck4xofraff2y8fmnpqgzze 74274 74273 2026-09-09T16:22:16Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Template:PAGENAMEU]]: Importing Orphan Template 74273 wikitext text/x-wiki {{urlencode:{{PAGENAME}}}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> a90v4pe3hck4xofraff2y8fmnpqgzze Template:Needs update 10 15742 74275 2021-05-04T04:37:42Z en>JsfasdF252 0 74275 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Update inline]] {{Redr| {{R alt}} }} bjfq7lauwba5ctdv2lzvmwyyblzscqy 74276 74275 2026-09-09T16:22:16Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Template:Needs_update]]: Importing Orphan Template 74275 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Update inline]] {{Redr| {{R alt}} }} bjfq7lauwba5ctdv2lzvmwyyblzscqy Module:Transclusion count/data/O 828 15743 74303 2026-09-06T05:09:34Z en>Ahechtbot 0 [[Wikipedia:BOT|Bot]]: Updated page. 74303 Scribunto text/plain return { ["OCLC"] = 16000, ["OCLC_search_link"] = 2300, ["ODNBsub"] = 23000, ["OEDsub"] = 2500, ["OKA"] = 2200, ["OKATO_reference"] = 2200, ["OSM_Location_map"] = 7500, ["OW"] = 48000, ["OWGR"] = 2100, ["Occupation_by_nationality_and_century_category_header"] = 17000, ["Occupation_by_nationality_and_century_category_header/continental"] = 25000, ["Occupation_by_nationality_and_century_category_header/continental/core"] = 2700, ["Occupation_by_nationality_and_century_category_header/diffusingchildren"] = 7600, ["Occupation_by_nationality_and_century_category_header/era"] = 26000, ["Occupation_by_nationality_and_century_category_header/nationality"] = 26000, ["Occupation_by_nationality_and_century_category_header/nationality/core"] = 23000, ["Occupation_by_nationality_and_century_category_header/nationality/innercore"] = 26000, ["Occupation_by_nationality_and_century_category_header/nationality/parentnationality"] = 3200, ["Occupation_by_nationality_and_century_category_header/outercore"] = 17000, ["Occupation_by_nationality_and_century_category_header/portal"] = 38000, ["Occupation_by_nationality_and_century_category_header/portal/core"] = 45000, ["Oceania_topic"] = 3100, ["Oclc"] = 2600, ["Od"] = 54000, ["Odlist"] = 5400, ["Official"] = 35000, ["Official_URL"] = 19000, ["Official_site"] = 2400, ["Official_website"] = 354000, ["Ofsted"] = 3900, ["Okina"] = 5900, ["OldStyleDate"] = 4500, ["Old_AfD_multi"] = 135000, ["Old_CfD"] = 58000, ["Old_MfD"] = 3900, ["Old_RfD"] = 35000, ["Old_TfD"] = 8400, ["Old_XfD_multi"] = 208000, ["Old_merge"] = 3000, ["Old_move"] = 30000, ["Old_moves"] = 37000, ["Old_peer_review"] = 5400, ["Old_prod"] = 40000, ["Old_prod_full"] = 5300, ["Old_rfd"] = 2200, ["Oldafdfull"] = 45000, ["Older_warnings"] = 51000, ["Oldffdfull"] = 3300, ["Oldid"] = 15000, ["Oldid2"] = 118000, ["Oldprodfull"] = 2700, ["Oldrfd"] = 6200, ["Oldtfdfull"] = 4800, ["Olympedia"] = 23000, ["Olympics.com"] = 25000, ["Olympics.com_profile"] = 5000, ["Ombox"] = 1260000, ["Ombox/shortcut"] = 4200, ["OnThisDay"] = 9100, ["On_hold"] = 4500, ["On_this_day"] = 12000, ["OneLegResult"] = 4400, ["OneLegStart"] = 4300, ["One_source"] = 79000, ["Onesource"] = 4600, ["Onhold"] = 2400, ["Open_access"] = 37000, ["Opentask"] = 4900, ["Opentasks"] = 4000, ["Order_of_magnitude"] = 31000, ["Ordered_list"] = 7600, ["Ordinal"] = 244000, ["Ordinal_to_word"] = 2200, ["Ordnance_Survey_coordinates"] = 25000, ["Original_research"] = 15000, ["Original_research_inline"] = 4100, ["Orphan"] = 55000, ["Orphan_file"] = 48000, ["Orphan_image"] = 48000, ["Other_designations_list"] = 5400, ["Other_people"] = 34000, ["Other_places"] = 22000, ["Other_ships"] = 16000, ["Other_uses"] = 68000, ["Otheruses"] = 2100, ["Outdent"] = 81000, ["Overline"] = 2300, ["Overly_detailed"] = 4000, ["Own"] = 13000, ["Own_work"] = 13000, ["Module:OSM_Location_map"] = 7500, ["Module:Object_size"] = 2800, ["Module:Object_weight"] = 3000, ["Module:Official_website"] = 360000, ["Module:Old_XfD_multi"] = 208000, ["Module:Old_moves"] = 37000, ["Module:On_this_day"] = 12000, ["Module:Ordinal"] = 276000, ["Module:Ordnance_Survey_coordinates"] = 46000, ["Module:Ordnance_Survey_coordinates/data"] = 46000, ["Module:Other_people"] = 34000, ["Module:Other_uses"] = 145000, ["Module:Outdent"] = 81000, ["Module:OutputBuffer"] = 24000, } njpcs1l3mo6kugvj2v5l8gikndgidn7 74304 74303 2026-09-09T16:22:18Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Module:Transclusion_count/data/O]]: Importing Orphan Template 74303 Scribunto text/plain return { ["OCLC"] = 16000, ["OCLC_search_link"] = 2300, ["ODNBsub"] = 23000, ["OEDsub"] = 2500, ["OKA"] = 2200, ["OKATO_reference"] = 2200, ["OSM_Location_map"] = 7500, ["OW"] = 48000, ["OWGR"] = 2100, ["Occupation_by_nationality_and_century_category_header"] = 17000, ["Occupation_by_nationality_and_century_category_header/continental"] = 25000, ["Occupation_by_nationality_and_century_category_header/continental/core"] = 2700, ["Occupation_by_nationality_and_century_category_header/diffusingchildren"] = 7600, ["Occupation_by_nationality_and_century_category_header/era"] = 26000, ["Occupation_by_nationality_and_century_category_header/nationality"] = 26000, ["Occupation_by_nationality_and_century_category_header/nationality/core"] = 23000, ["Occupation_by_nationality_and_century_category_header/nationality/innercore"] = 26000, ["Occupation_by_nationality_and_century_category_header/nationality/parentnationality"] = 3200, ["Occupation_by_nationality_and_century_category_header/outercore"] = 17000, ["Occupation_by_nationality_and_century_category_header/portal"] = 38000, ["Occupation_by_nationality_and_century_category_header/portal/core"] = 45000, ["Oceania_topic"] = 3100, ["Oclc"] = 2600, ["Od"] = 54000, ["Odlist"] = 5400, ["Official"] = 35000, ["Official_URL"] = 19000, ["Official_site"] = 2400, ["Official_website"] = 354000, ["Ofsted"] = 3900, ["Okina"] = 5900, ["OldStyleDate"] = 4500, ["Old_AfD_multi"] = 135000, ["Old_CfD"] = 58000, ["Old_MfD"] = 3900, ["Old_RfD"] = 35000, ["Old_TfD"] = 8400, ["Old_XfD_multi"] = 208000, ["Old_merge"] = 3000, ["Old_move"] = 30000, ["Old_moves"] = 37000, ["Old_peer_review"] = 5400, ["Old_prod"] = 40000, ["Old_prod_full"] = 5300, ["Old_rfd"] = 2200, ["Oldafdfull"] = 45000, ["Older_warnings"] = 51000, ["Oldffdfull"] = 3300, ["Oldid"] = 15000, ["Oldid2"] = 118000, ["Oldprodfull"] = 2700, ["Oldrfd"] = 6200, ["Oldtfdfull"] = 4800, ["Olympedia"] = 23000, ["Olympics.com"] = 25000, ["Olympics.com_profile"] = 5000, ["Ombox"] = 1260000, ["Ombox/shortcut"] = 4200, ["OnThisDay"] = 9100, ["On_hold"] = 4500, ["On_this_day"] = 12000, ["OneLegResult"] = 4400, ["OneLegStart"] = 4300, ["One_source"] = 79000, ["Onesource"] = 4600, ["Onhold"] = 2400, ["Open_access"] = 37000, ["Opentask"] = 4900, ["Opentasks"] = 4000, ["Order_of_magnitude"] = 31000, ["Ordered_list"] = 7600, ["Ordinal"] = 244000, ["Ordinal_to_word"] = 2200, ["Ordnance_Survey_coordinates"] = 25000, ["Original_research"] = 15000, ["Original_research_inline"] = 4100, ["Orphan"] = 55000, ["Orphan_file"] = 48000, ["Orphan_image"] = 48000, ["Other_designations_list"] = 5400, ["Other_people"] = 34000, ["Other_places"] = 22000, ["Other_ships"] = 16000, ["Other_uses"] = 68000, ["Otheruses"] = 2100, ["Outdent"] = 81000, ["Overline"] = 2300, ["Overly_detailed"] = 4000, ["Own"] = 13000, ["Own_work"] = 13000, ["Module:OSM_Location_map"] = 7500, ["Module:Object_size"] = 2800, ["Module:Object_weight"] = 3000, ["Module:Official_website"] = 360000, ["Module:Old_XfD_multi"] = 208000, ["Module:Old_moves"] = 37000, ["Module:On_this_day"] = 12000, ["Module:Ordinal"] = 276000, ["Module:Ordnance_Survey_coordinates"] = 46000, ["Module:Ordnance_Survey_coordinates/data"] = 46000, ["Module:Other_people"] = 34000, ["Module:Other_uses"] = 145000, ["Module:Outdent"] = 81000, ["Module:OutputBuffer"] = 24000, } njpcs1l3mo6kugvj2v5l8gikndgidn7 Template:AWB standard installation 10 15744 74307 2026-05-11T17:42:47Z en>Awesome Aasim 0 Awesome Aasim moved page [[Template:AWB standard installation]] to [[Template:AutoWikiBrowser standard installation]]: expand out in preparation for new multipurpose template 74307 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:AutoWikiBrowser standard installation]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from move}} }} ggi40qpdp43l507omjb3dcvybbjj38w 74308 74307 2026-09-09T16:22:18Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Template:AWB_standard_installation]]: Importing Orphan Template 74307 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:AutoWikiBrowser standard installation]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from move}} }} ggi40qpdp43l507omjb3dcvybbjj38w Template:Parameter 10 15745 74309 2026-07-20T21:37:44Z en>MSGJ 0 changes to support merging of [[Template:Parameter2]] 74309 wikitext text/x-wiki {{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{plain|}}}{{{mxt|}}}{{{green|}}}{{{!mxt|}}}{{{red|}}}{{{color|}}} | <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;{{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{plain|}}} | border: none; background-color: inherit; }} {{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{color|}}} | color: {{{color}}}; | {{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{mxt|}}}{{{green|}}} | color: #006400; | {{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{!mxt|}}}{{{red|}}} | color: #8B0000; | color: inherit; }} }} }} {{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{style|}}}|{{{style}}}}}">&#124;{{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{1|}}} | {{{1}}}&#61; }}{{{2|}}}</code> | <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline style="display: none;" /><!-- required to fetch syntaxhighlight's css --><code class="mw-highlight"><span class="p">&#124;</span>{{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{1|}}} | <span class="nl">{{{1}}}</span><span class="o">=</span> }}{{{2|}}}</code> }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Categories go near the bottom of the /doc subpage – interwikis go to Wikidata, thank you! --> </noinclude> n9iqo9v0cpnffgle7c8palq6k3n5yle 74310 74309 2026-09-09T16:22:18Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Template:Parameter]]: Importing Orphan Template 74309 wikitext text/x-wiki {{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{plain|}}}{{{mxt|}}}{{{green|}}}{{{!mxt|}}}{{{red|}}}{{{color|}}} | <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;{{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{plain|}}} | border: none; background-color: inherit; }} {{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{color|}}} | color: {{{color}}}; | {{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{mxt|}}}{{{green|}}} | color: #006400; | {{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{!mxt|}}}{{{red|}}} | color: #8B0000; | color: inherit; }} }} }} {{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{style|}}}|{{{style}}}}}">&#124;{{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{1|}}} | {{{1}}}&#61; }}{{{2|}}}</code> | <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline style="display: none;" /><!-- required to fetch syntaxhighlight's css --><code class="mw-highlight"><span class="p">&#124;</span>{{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{1|}}} | <span class="nl">{{{1}}}</span><span class="o">=</span> }}{{{2|}}}</code> }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Categories go near the bottom of the /doc subpage – interwikis go to Wikidata, thank you! --> </noinclude> n9iqo9v0cpnffgle7c8palq6k3n5yle Template:Orphan/doc 10 15746 74311 2026-05-31T17:40:59Z en>Voidxor 0 /* How to use */ Copy edit for brevity. Similar templates call this section "Use". 74311 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- EDIT TEMPLATE DOCUMENTATION BELOW THIS LINE --> {{High-use}} {{Twinkle standard installation}} {{AWB standard installation}} {{No subst}} {{for|the template for orphan images|Template:Orphan file}} '''Template:Orphan''' is used on pages with no incoming links from other articles or lists. The template is responsible for populating sub-categories of [[:Category:Orphaned articles]]. There are currently {{PAGESINCATEGORY:All orphaned articles}} orphaned articles. ==Use== To add this template to an article, copy and paste <code><nowiki>{{Orphan|date=</nowiki>{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}}}</code> to the top of the article. Do not [[Wikipedia:Subst|subst:]] this template. ==When to use== This template should only be put on articles which meet the [[WP:Orphan#Criteria|orphan criteria]]. Use your judgment about whether to add this template. Do not add this template to articles that you honestly believe [[WP:CANTDEORPHAN|will be impossible to de-orphan]]. Instead of using this template, please make an effort to de-orphan the article ''yourself''. ==Visibility== The template message is visible on all pages where the [[#date|date parameter]] is set to either the current month or the previous month (currently <u>{{Monthyear}}</u> or <u>{{Monthyear-1}}</u>). It is also visible on all pages where it is used inside the {{tl|multiple issues}} template. Older-dated orphan templates used outside of the {{tl|multiple issues}} template are invisible by default, but are still categorized. To override the default and make the message visible on all pages where it's placed, put the following line in your [[special:mypage/common.css|common.css]] file (create the file if you don't have one yet): <syntaxhighlight lang="css"> .ambox-Orphan{display: table !important;} </syntaxhighlight> This may not work in some older browsers - if it doesn't work, use <syntaxhighlight lang=css>.ambox-Orphan{display: block !important;}</syntaxhighlight> instead. Alternatively, to '''''never''''' see this tag, you could instead add to your [[Special:MyPage/common.css|common.css]]: <syntaxhighlight lang="css"> .ambox-Orphan{ display: none !important; } </syntaxhighlight> The orphan message box is invisible on ''this'' page by default. If you have correctly installed the above common.css the orphan message box is visible here. ===Rationale=== There are {{PAGESINCAT:All orphaned articles}} orphaned articles in the [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Orphanage|WikiProject Orphanage]]-backlog. The tags on newly created articles are visible for a month or two, in hopes that the article's creators or reviewers will tend to the issue. After a couple of months it's assumed that the WikiProject will need to take on the task, and project members use their common.css files to keep the templates visible. The community consensus is that this issue is insufficiently critical to merit notifying general readers of the issue for more than a couple of months, unless the article has {{tl|multiple issues}}. Please review the discussions related to this on [[Template talk:Orphan]] and its archives. ==Automated placement and adjustment== Several semi-automated tools and bots facilitate orphan-tagging. Some notes on tool implementation: * Per [[Wikipedia talk:AutoWikiBrowser/Feature requests/Archive 7#Another tweak for orphans|Another tweak for orphans]], as of March 9, 2010{{needs update}} [[Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser|AutoWikiBrowser]] (AWB) restricts orphan tag addition to linkless pages as a default option. * Per [[Wikipedia talk:AutoWikiBrowser/Feature requests/Archive 7#Move orphan (and some more) tags on the top|Move orphan (and some more) tags on the top]], AWB moves incorrectly positioned orphan tags to the correct location for orphan tags, at or near the top of the article. ==Parameters== ===date=== You may use a date parameter with this template, for example <code><nowiki>{{Orphan|date=</nowiki>{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> to help with the categorisation of articles requiring links. If you leave it out, a [[WP:BOT|bot]] will fill it in (but this will result in more edits and watchlist alerts, so adding the date right away is preferred). ===att=== If you have made an unsuccessful attempt to de-orphan the article, then please add the month/year of the attempt to the template, like so, <code><nowiki>{{orphan|date=</nowiki>Month Year<nowiki>|att=</nowiki>{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>, where the {{para|date}} parameter is the date the template was ''originally'' placed on the page, and the {{para|att}} parameter is set to equal the ''current'' month and year. This places it in [[:Category:Attempted de-orphan]] for that date and also hides the article message box. The "att" is an abbreviation for "attempt", as in "I attempted to de-orphan this article but failed". ===incat=== If the article has no link and probably never will, but is well categorised the incat option can be used. For example, <code><nowiki>{{Orphan|date=</nowiki>{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}<nowiki>|incat=</nowiki>{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> Per the discussion at [[template talk:Orphan/Archive 2#"Few links" template?]], this parameter was, but is not currently, used in the template itself. ==TemplateData== {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "This template should only be put on articles which meet the orphan criteria.", "params": { "date": { "label": "Date", "description": "The date this template was added to the page. (Input: Monthname Year)", "type": "string", "required": true, "autovalue": "{{SUBST:CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{SUBST:CURRENTYEAR}}" }, "att": { "label": "De-orphan attempt", "description": "If you have made an unsuccessful attempt to de-orphan the article, please fill in this field to record the attempt. (Input: Monthname Year)", "type": "string", "required": false }, "incat": { "label": "In Category", "description": "If the article has no link and probably never will, but is well categorised this option can be used.(Input: Monthname Year)", "type": "string", "required": false } } } </templatedata> ==Categories== This template places the article into "Category:All orphaned articles" as well as "Category:Orphaned articles from {{{date}}}". If the "<code>att</code>" parameter is set, the article will still be in [[:Category:All orphaned articles]], but instead of placing the article into "Category:Orphaned articles from {{{date}}}" (e.g. [[:Category:Orphaned articles from {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}]]), it places it into "Category:Attempted de-orphan from {{{att}}} (e.g. [[:Category:Attempted de-orphan from {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}]]). ==See also== * [[Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser/General fixes#Mainspace tagger]] * [[User:Magioladitis/AWB and orphans]] * [[User:CleanupWorklistBot]] ** e.g., for [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Athletics|WikiProject Athletics]]: [https://tools.wmflabs.org/bambots/cwb/bycat/Athletics.html#Orphaned%20articles Cleanup listing] ** e.g., [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Tennis/Cleanup listing]] * [[Wikipedia:Bots/Requests for approval/Addbot 16]] * [[Wikipedia:Bots/Requests for approval/Addbot 18]] * [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Orphanage]] * {{tl|Orphaned essay}}: for orphaned [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia essays|essays]] in the [[Wikipedia:Project namespace|project namespace]] <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- ADD CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE --> [[Category:Internal link maintenance templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Templates for orphaned articles|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> oawo4a9pqz8dj93m52fb5bha7qs3c7b 74312 74311 2026-09-09T16:22:18Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Template:Orphan/doc]]: Importing Orphan Template 74311 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- EDIT TEMPLATE DOCUMENTATION BELOW THIS LINE --> {{High-use}} {{Twinkle standard installation}} {{AWB standard installation}} {{No subst}} {{for|the template for orphan images|Template:Orphan file}} '''Template:Orphan''' is used on pages with no incoming links from other articles or lists. The template is responsible for populating sub-categories of [[:Category:Orphaned articles]]. There are currently {{PAGESINCATEGORY:All orphaned articles}} orphaned articles. ==Use== To add this template to an article, copy and paste <code><nowiki>{{Orphan|date=</nowiki>{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}}}</code> to the top of the article. Do not [[Wikipedia:Subst|subst:]] this template. ==When to use== This template should only be put on articles which meet the [[WP:Orphan#Criteria|orphan criteria]]. Use your judgment about whether to add this template. Do not add this template to articles that you honestly believe [[WP:CANTDEORPHAN|will be impossible to de-orphan]]. Instead of using this template, please make an effort to de-orphan the article ''yourself''. ==Visibility== The template message is visible on all pages where the [[#date|date parameter]] is set to either the current month or the previous month (currently <u>{{Monthyear}}</u> or <u>{{Monthyear-1}}</u>). It is also visible on all pages where it is used inside the {{tl|multiple issues}} template. Older-dated orphan templates used outside of the {{tl|multiple issues}} template are invisible by default, but are still categorized. To override the default and make the message visible on all pages where it's placed, put the following line in your [[special:mypage/common.css|common.css]] file (create the file if you don't have one yet): <syntaxhighlight lang="css"> .ambox-Orphan{display: table !important;} </syntaxhighlight> This may not work in some older browsers - if it doesn't work, use <syntaxhighlight lang=css>.ambox-Orphan{display: block !important;}</syntaxhighlight> instead. Alternatively, to '''''never''''' see this tag, you could instead add to your [[Special:MyPage/common.css|common.css]]: <syntaxhighlight lang="css"> .ambox-Orphan{ display: none !important; } </syntaxhighlight> The orphan message box is invisible on ''this'' page by default. If you have correctly installed the above common.css the orphan message box is visible here. ===Rationale=== There are {{PAGESINCAT:All orphaned articles}} orphaned articles in the [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Orphanage|WikiProject Orphanage]]-backlog. The tags on newly created articles are visible for a month or two, in hopes that the article's creators or reviewers will tend to the issue. After a couple of months it's assumed that the WikiProject will need to take on the task, and project members use their common.css files to keep the templates visible. The community consensus is that this issue is insufficiently critical to merit notifying general readers of the issue for more than a couple of months, unless the article has {{tl|multiple issues}}. Please review the discussions related to this on [[Template talk:Orphan]] and its archives. ==Automated placement and adjustment== Several semi-automated tools and bots facilitate orphan-tagging. Some notes on tool implementation: * Per [[Wikipedia talk:AutoWikiBrowser/Feature requests/Archive 7#Another tweak for orphans|Another tweak for orphans]], as of March 9, 2010{{needs update}} [[Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser|AutoWikiBrowser]] (AWB) restricts orphan tag addition to linkless pages as a default option. * Per [[Wikipedia talk:AutoWikiBrowser/Feature requests/Archive 7#Move orphan (and some more) tags on the top|Move orphan (and some more) tags on the top]], AWB moves incorrectly positioned orphan tags to the correct location for orphan tags, at or near the top of the article. ==Parameters== ===date=== You may use a date parameter with this template, for example <code><nowiki>{{Orphan|date=</nowiki>{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> to help with the categorisation of articles requiring links. If you leave it out, a [[WP:BOT|bot]] will fill it in (but this will result in more edits and watchlist alerts, so adding the date right away is preferred). ===att=== If you have made an unsuccessful attempt to de-orphan the article, then please add the month/year of the attempt to the template, like so, <code><nowiki>{{orphan|date=</nowiki>Month Year<nowiki>|att=</nowiki>{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>, where the {{para|date}} parameter is the date the template was ''originally'' placed on the page, and the {{para|att}} parameter is set to equal the ''current'' month and year. This places it in [[:Category:Attempted de-orphan]] for that date and also hides the article message box. The "att" is an abbreviation for "attempt", as in "I attempted to de-orphan this article but failed". ===incat=== If the article has no link and probably never will, but is well categorised the incat option can be used. For example, <code><nowiki>{{Orphan|date=</nowiki>{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}<nowiki>|incat=</nowiki>{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> Per the discussion at [[template talk:Orphan/Archive 2#"Few links" template?]], this parameter was, but is not currently, used in the template itself. ==TemplateData== {{TemplateDataHeader}} <templatedata> { "description": "This template should only be put on articles which meet the orphan criteria.", "params": { "date": { "label": "Date", "description": "The date this template was added to the page. (Input: Monthname Year)", "type": "string", "required": true, "autovalue": "{{SUBST:CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{SUBST:CURRENTYEAR}}" }, "att": { "label": "De-orphan attempt", "description": "If you have made an unsuccessful attempt to de-orphan the article, please fill in this field to record the attempt. (Input: Monthname Year)", "type": "string", "required": false }, "incat": { "label": "In Category", "description": "If the article has no link and probably never will, but is well categorised this option can be used.(Input: Monthname Year)", "type": "string", "required": false } } } </templatedata> ==Categories== This template places the article into "Category:All orphaned articles" as well as "Category:Orphaned articles from {{{date}}}". If the "<code>att</code>" parameter is set, the article will still be in [[:Category:All orphaned articles]], but instead of placing the article into "Category:Orphaned articles from {{{date}}}" (e.g. [[:Category:Orphaned articles from {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}]]), it places it into "Category:Attempted de-orphan from {{{att}}} (e.g. [[:Category:Attempted de-orphan from {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}}]]). ==See also== * [[Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser/General fixes#Mainspace tagger]] * [[User:Magioladitis/AWB and orphans]] * [[User:CleanupWorklistBot]] ** e.g., for [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Athletics|WikiProject Athletics]]: [https://tools.wmflabs.org/bambots/cwb/bycat/Athletics.html#Orphaned%20articles Cleanup listing] ** e.g., [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Tennis/Cleanup listing]] * [[Wikipedia:Bots/Requests for approval/Addbot 16]] * [[Wikipedia:Bots/Requests for approval/Addbot 18]] * [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Orphanage]] * {{tl|Orphaned essay}}: for orphaned [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia essays|essays]] in the [[Wikipedia:Project namespace|project namespace]] <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- ADD CATEGORIES BELOW THIS LINE --> [[Category:Internal link maintenance templates|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Category:Templates for orphaned articles|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> oawo4a9pqz8dj93m52fb5bha7qs3c7b Template:Dated maintenance category (articles) 10 15747 74315 2023-02-03T03:07:34Z en>UtherSRG 0 UtherSRG moved page [[Template:DMCA]] to [[Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)]]: [[Special:Permalink/1137158761|Requested]] by Robertsky at [[WP:RM/TR]]: Per RM discussion. See [[Template_talk:DMCA#Requested_move_26_January_2023]]. Template protected at template editor/admin level 74315 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dated maintenance category |onlyarticles=yes |1={{{1|}}} |2={{{2|}}} |3={{{3|}}} |4={{{4|}}} |5={{{5|}}} }}<noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Dated maintenance category/doc}} </noinclude> cl1tba6o83bu6hpmnvwvbcse6qwofoo 74316 74315 2026-09-09T16:22:18Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Template:Dated_maintenance_category_(articles)]]: Importing Orphan Template 74315 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dated maintenance category |onlyarticles=yes |1={{{1|}}} |2={{{2|}}} |3={{{3|}}} |4={{{4|}}} |5={{{5|}}} }}<noinclude> {{documentation|Template:Dated maintenance category/doc}} </noinclude> cl1tba6o83bu6hpmnvwvbcse6qwofoo Template:AutoWikiBrowser standard installation 10 15748 74317 2026-05-11T17:42:47Z en>Awesome Aasim 0 Awesome Aasim moved page [[Template:AWB standard installation]] to [[Template:AutoWikiBrowser standard installation]]: expand out in preparation for new multipurpose template 74317 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ mbox | image = [[File:AWB logo draft.svg|44x50px|alt=icon]] | text = This template is used by the standard installation of [[Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser|AutoWikiBrowser]] (AWB). If you are planning to make any major changes to this template, move it, or nominate it for deletion, please notify AWB's users and maintainers beforehand at [[Wikipedia talk:AutoWikiBrowser|Wikipedia talk:AWB]] as a courtesy.{{#if:{{{1|}}}|<p> {{{1}}}}}}}<includeonly>{{#if:{{{nocat|}}}||{{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|[[Category:Templates used by AutoWikiBrowser|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}}<!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --></noinclude> fdb7s4kk71vgf0a0wxkezvvy5e6fc8n 74318 74317 2026-09-09T16:22:18Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Template:AutoWikiBrowser_standard_installation]]: Importing Orphan Template 74317 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ mbox | image = [[File:AWB logo draft.svg|44x50px|alt=icon]] | text = This template is used by the standard installation of [[Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser|AutoWikiBrowser]] (AWB). If you are planning to make any major changes to this template, move it, or nominate it for deletion, please notify AWB's users and maintainers beforehand at [[Wikipedia talk:AutoWikiBrowser|Wikipedia talk:AWB]] as a courtesy.{{#if:{{{1|}}}|<p> {{{1}}}}}}}<includeonly>{{#if:{{{nocat|}}}||{{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|{{BASEPAGENAME}}|[[Category:Templates used by AutoWikiBrowser|{{PAGENAME}}]]}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}}<!-- Add categories and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --></noinclude> fdb7s4kk71vgf0a0wxkezvvy5e6fc8n Module:Protected page 828 15749 74319 2026-08-30T17:24:01Z en>Primefac 0 update /config call 74319 Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements {{pp-meta}} and its daughter templates such as -- {{pp-dispute}}, {{pp-vandalism}} and {{pp-sock}}. -- Initialise necessary modules. require('strict') local makeFileLink = require('Module:File link')._main local effectiveProtectionLevel = require('Module:Effective protection level')._main local effectiveProtectionExpiry = require('Module:Effective protection expiry')._main local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') -- Lazily initialise modules and objects we don't always need. local getArgs, makeMessageBox, lang -- Set constants. local CONFIG_MODULE = 'Module:Protected page/config' -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Helper functions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function makeCategoryLink(cat, sort) if cat then return string.format( '[[%s:%s|%s]]', mw.site.namespaces[14].name, cat, sort ) end end -- Validation function for the expiry and the protection date local function validateDate(dateString, dateType) if not lang then lang = mw.language.getContentLanguage() end local success, result = pcall(lang.formatDate, lang, 'U', dateString) if success then result = tonumber(result) if result then return result end end error(string.format( 'invalid %s: %s', dateType, tostring(dateString) ), 4) end local function makeFullUrl(page, query, display) return string.format( '[%s %s]', tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl(page, query)), display ) end -- Given a directed graph formatted as node -> table of direct successors, -- get a table of all nodes reachable from a given node (though always -- including the given node). local function getReachableNodes(graph, start) local toWalk, retval = {[start] = true}, {} while true do -- Can't use pairs() since we're adding and removing things as we're iterating local k = next(toWalk) -- This always gets the "first" key if k == nil then return retval end toWalk[k] = nil retval[k] = true for _,v in ipairs(graph[k]) do if not retval[v] then toWalk[v] = true end end end end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Protection class -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local Protection = {} Protection.__index = Protection Protection.supportedActions = { edit = true, move = true, autoreview = true, upload = true } Protection.bannerConfigFields = { 'text', 'explanation', 'tooltip', 'alt', 'link', 'image' } function Protection.new(args, cfg, title) local obj = {} obj._cfg = cfg obj.title = title or mw.title.getCurrentTitle() -- Set action if not args.action then obj.action = 'edit' elseif Protection.supportedActions[args.action] then obj.action = args.action else error(string.format( 'invalid action: %s', tostring(args.action) ), 3) end -- Set level obj.level = args.demolevel or effectiveProtectionLevel(obj.action, obj.title) if not obj.level or (obj.action == 'move' and obj.level == 'autoconfirmed') then -- Users need to be autoconfirmed to move pages anyway, so treat -- semi-move-protected pages as unprotected. obj.level = '*' end -- Set expiry local effectiveExpiry = effectiveProtectionExpiry(obj.action, obj.title) if effectiveExpiry == 'infinity' then obj.expiry = 'indef' elseif effectiveExpiry ~= 'unknown' then obj.expiry = validateDate(effectiveExpiry, 'expiry date') end -- Set reason if args[1] then obj.reason = mw.ustring.lower(args[1]) if obj.reason:find('|') then error('reasons cannot contain the pipe character ("|")', 3) end end -- Set protection date if args.date then obj.protectionDate = validateDate(args.date, 'protection date') end -- Set banner config do obj.bannerConfig = {} local configTables = {} if cfg.banners[obj.action] then configTables[#configTables + 1] = cfg.banners[obj.action][obj.reason] end if cfg.defaultBanners[obj.action] then configTables[#configTables + 1] = cfg.defaultBanners[obj.action][obj.level] configTables[#configTables + 1] = cfg.defaultBanners[obj.action].default end configTables[#configTables + 1] = cfg.masterBanner for i, field in ipairs(Protection.bannerConfigFields) do for j, t in ipairs(configTables) do if t[field] then obj.bannerConfig[field] = t[field] break end end end end return setmetatable(obj, Protection) end function Protection:isUserScript() -- Whether the page is a user JavaScript or CSS page. local title = self.title return title.namespace == 2 and ( title.contentModel == 'javascript' or title.contentModel == 'css' ) end function Protection:isProtected() return self.level ~= '*' end function Protection:shouldShowLock() -- Whether we should output a banner/padlock return self:isProtected() and not self:isUserScript() end -- Whether this page needs a protection category. Protection.shouldHaveProtectionCategory = Protection.shouldShowLock function Protection:isTemporary() return type(self.expiry) == 'number' end function Protection:makeProtectionCategory() if not self:shouldHaveProtectionCategory() then return '' end local cfg = self._cfg local title = self.title -- Get the expiry key fragment. local expiryFragment if self.expiry == 'indef' then expiryFragment = self.expiry elseif type(self.expiry) == 'number' then expiryFragment = 'temp' end -- Get the namespace key fragment. local namespaceFragment = cfg.categoryNamespaceKeys[title.namespace] if not namespaceFragment and title.namespace % 2 == 1 then namespaceFragment = 'talk' end -- Define the order that key fragments are tested in. This is done with an -- array of tables containing the value to be tested, along with its -- position in the cfg.protectionCategories table. local order = { {val = expiryFragment, keypos = 1}, {val = namespaceFragment, keypos = 2}, {val = self.reason, keypos = 3}, {val = self.level, keypos = 4}, {val = self.action, keypos = 5} } --[[ -- The old protection templates used an ad-hoc protection category system, -- with some templates prioritising namespaces in their categories, and -- others prioritising the protection reason. To emulate this in this module -- we use the config table cfg.reasonsWithNamespacePriority to set the -- reasons for which namespaces have priority over protection reason. -- If we are dealing with one of those reasons, move the namespace table to -- the end of the order table, i.e. give it highest priority. If not, the -- reason should have highest priority, so move that to the end of the table -- instead. --]] table.insert(order, table.remove(order, self.reason and cfg.reasonsWithNamespacePriority[self.reason] and 2 or 3)) --[[ -- Define the attempt order. Inactive subtables (subtables with nil "value" -- fields) are moved to the end, where they will later be given the key -- "all". This is to cut down on the number of table lookups in -- cfg.protectionCategories, which grows exponentially with the number of -- non-nil keys. We keep track of the number of active subtables with the -- noActive parameter. --]] local noActive, attemptOrder do local active, inactive = {}, {} for i, t in ipairs(order) do if t.val then active[#active + 1] = t else inactive[#inactive + 1] = t end end noActive = #active attemptOrder = active for i, t in ipairs(inactive) do attemptOrder[#attemptOrder + 1] = t end end --[[ -- Check increasingly generic key combinations until we find a match. If a -- specific category exists for the combination of key fragments we are -- given, that match will be found first. If not, we keep trying different -- key fragment combinations until we match using the key -- "all-all-all-all-all". -- -- To generate the keys, we index the key subtables using a binary matrix -- with indexes i and j. j is only calculated up to the number of active -- subtables. For example, if there were three active subtables, the matrix -- would look like this, with 0 corresponding to the key fragment "all", and -- 1 corresponding to other key fragments. -- -- j 1 2 3 -- i -- 1 1 1 1 -- 2 0 1 1 -- 3 1 0 1 -- 4 0 0 1 -- 5 1 1 0 -- 6 0 1 0 -- 7 1 0 0 -- 8 0 0 0 -- -- Values of j higher than the number of active subtables are set -- to the string "all". -- -- A key for cfg.protectionCategories is constructed for each value of i. -- The position of the value in the key is determined by the keypos field in -- each subtable. --]] local cats = cfg.protectionCategories for i = 1, 2^noActive do local key = {} for j, t in ipairs(attemptOrder) do if j > noActive then key[t.keypos] = 'all' else local quotient = i / 2 ^ (j - 1) quotient = math.ceil(quotient) if quotient % 2 == 1 then key[t.keypos] = t.val else key[t.keypos] = 'all' end end end key = table.concat(key, '|') local attempt = cats[key] if attempt then return makeCategoryLink(attempt, title.text) end end return '' end function Protection:isIncorrect() if not self:shouldHaveProtectionCategory() then return true end if type(self.expiry) ~= 'number' then return false end local expiry = os.date('*t', self.expiry) -- Avoid checking today.day or os.time(), unless close. https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416616 local today = os.date('*t') return (expiry.year < today.year) or (expiry.year == today.year and expiry.month < today.month) or (expiry.year == today.year and expiry.month == today.month and expiry.day < today.day) or (expiry.year == today.year and expiry.month == today.month and expiry.day == today.day and self.expiry < os.time()) end function Protection:isTemplateProtectedNonTemplate() local action, namespace = self.action, self.title.namespace return self.level == 'templateeditor' and ( (action ~= 'edit' and action ~= 'move') or (namespace ~= 10 and namespace ~= 828) ) end function Protection:makeCategoryLinks() local msg = self._cfg.msg local ret = {self:makeProtectionCategory()} if self:isIncorrect() then ret[#ret + 1] = makeCategoryLink( msg['tracking-category-incorrect'], self.title.text ) end if self:isTemplateProtectedNonTemplate() then ret[#ret + 1] = makeCategoryLink( msg['tracking-category-template'], self.title.text ) end return table.concat(ret) end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Blurb class -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local Blurb = {} Blurb.__index = Blurb Blurb.bannerTextFields = { text = true, explanation = true, tooltip = true, alt = true, link = true } function Blurb.new(protectionObj, args, cfg) return setmetatable({ _cfg = cfg, _protectionObj = protectionObj, _args = args }, Blurb) end -- Private methods -- function Blurb:_formatDate(num) -- Formats a Unix timestamp into dd Month, YYYY format. lang = lang or mw.language.getContentLanguage() local success, date = pcall( lang.formatDate, lang, self._cfg.msg['expiry-date-format'] or 'j F Y', '@' .. tostring(num) ) if success then return date end end function Blurb:_getExpandedMessage(msgKey) return self:_substituteParameters(self._cfg.msg[msgKey]) end function Blurb:_substituteParameters(msg) if not self._params then local parameterFuncs = {} parameterFuncs.CURRENTVERSION = self._makeCurrentVersionParameter parameterFuncs.EDITREQUEST = self._makeEditRequestParameter parameterFuncs.EXPIRY = self._makeExpiryParameter parameterFuncs.EXPLANATIONBLURB = self._makeExplanationBlurbParameter parameterFuncs.IMAGELINK = self._makeImageLinkParameter parameterFuncs.INTROBLURB = self._makeIntroBlurbParameter parameterFuncs.INTROFRAGMENT = self._makeIntroFragmentParameter parameterFuncs.PAGETYPE = self._makePagetypeParameter parameterFuncs.PROTECTIONBLURB = self._makeProtectionBlurbParameter parameterFuncs.PROTECTIONDATE = self._makeProtectionDateParameter parameterFuncs.PROTECTIONLEVEL = self._makeProtectionLevelParameter parameterFuncs.PROTECTIONLOG = self._makeProtectionLogParameter parameterFuncs.TALKPAGE = self._makeTalkPageParameter parameterFuncs.TOOLTIPBLURB = self._makeTooltipBlurbParameter parameterFuncs.TOOLTIPFRAGMENT = self._makeTooltipFragmentParameter parameterFuncs.VANDAL = self._makeVandalTemplateParameter self._params = setmetatable({}, { __index = function (t, k) local param if parameterFuncs[k] then param = parameterFuncs[k](self) end param = param or '' t[k] = param return param end }) end msg = msg:gsub('${(%u+)}', self._params) return msg end function Blurb:_makeCurrentVersionParameter() -- A link to the page history or the move log, depending on the kind of -- protection. local pagename = self._protectionObj.title.prefixedText if self._protectionObj.action == 'move' then -- We need the move log link. return makeFullUrl( 'Special:Log', {type = 'move', page = pagename}, self:_getExpandedMessage('current-version-move-display') ) else -- We need the history link. return makeFullUrl( pagename, {action = 'history'}, self:_getExpandedMessage('current-version-edit-display') ) end end function Blurb:_makeEditRequestParameter() local mEditRequest = require('Module:Submit an edit request') local action = self._protectionObj.action local level = self._protectionObj.level -- Get the edit request type. local requestType if action == 'edit' then if level == 'autoconfirmed' then requestType = 'semi' elseif level == 'extendedconfirmed' then requestType = 'extended' elseif level == 'templateeditor' then requestType = 'template' end end requestType = requestType or 'full' -- Get the display value. local display = self:_getExpandedMessage('edit-request-display') return mEditRequest._link{type = requestType, display = display} end function Blurb:_makeExpiryParameter() local expiry = self._protectionObj.expiry if type(expiry) == 'number' then return self:_formatDate(expiry) else return expiry end end function Blurb:_makeExplanationBlurbParameter() -- Cover special cases first. if self._protectionObj.title.namespace == 8 then -- MediaWiki namespace return self:_getExpandedMessage('explanation-blurb-nounprotect') end -- Get explanation blurb table keys local action = self._protectionObj.action local level = self._protectionObj.level local talkKey = self._protectionObj.title.isTalkPage and 'talk' or 'subject' -- Find the message in the explanation blurb table and substitute any -- parameters. local explanations = self._cfg.explanationBlurbs local msg if explanations[action][level] and explanations[action][level][talkKey] then msg = explanations[action][level][talkKey] elseif explanations[action][level] and explanations[action][level].default then msg = explanations[action][level].default elseif explanations[action].default and explanations[action].default[talkKey] then msg = explanations[action].default[talkKey] elseif explanations[action].default and explanations[action].default.default then msg = explanations[action].default.default else error(string.format( 'could not find explanation blurb for action "%s", level "%s" and talk key "%s"', action, level, talkKey ), 8) end return self:_substituteParameters(msg) end function Blurb:_makeImageLinkParameter() local imageLinks = self._cfg.imageLinks local action = self._protectionObj.action local level = self._protectionObj.level local msg if imageLinks[action][level] then msg = imageLinks[action][level] elseif imageLinks[action].default then msg = imageLinks[action].default else msg = imageLinks.edit.default end return self:_substituteParameters(msg) end function Blurb:_makeIntroBlurbParameter() if self._protectionObj:isTemporary() then return self:_getExpandedMessage('intro-blurb-expiry') else return self:_getExpandedMessage('intro-blurb-noexpiry') end end function Blurb:_makeIntroFragmentParameter() if self._protectionObj:isTemporary() then return self:_getExpandedMessage('intro-fragment-expiry') else return self:_getExpandedMessage('intro-fragment-noexpiry') end end function Blurb:_makePagetypeParameter() local pagetypes = self._cfg.pagetypes return pagetypes[self._protectionObj.title.namespace] or pagetypes.default or error('no default pagetype defined', 8) end function Blurb:_makeProtectionBlurbParameter() local protectionBlurbs = self._cfg.protectionBlurbs local action = self._protectionObj.action local level = self._protectionObj.level local msg if protectionBlurbs[action][level] then msg = protectionBlurbs[action][level] elseif protectionBlurbs[action].default then msg = protectionBlurbs[action].default elseif protectionBlurbs.edit.default then msg = protectionBlurbs.edit.default else error('no protection blurb defined for protectionBlurbs.edit.default', 8) end return self:_substituteParameters(msg) end function Blurb:_makeProtectionDateParameter() local protectionDate = self._protectionObj.protectionDate if type(protectionDate) == 'number' then return self:_formatDate(protectionDate) else return protectionDate end end function Blurb:_makeProtectionLevelParameter() local protectionLevels = self._cfg.protectionLevels local action = self._protectionObj.action local level = self._protectionObj.level local msg if protectionLevels[action][level] then msg = protectionLevels[action][level] elseif protectionLevels[action].default then msg = protectionLevels[action].default elseif protectionLevels.edit.default then msg = protectionLevels.edit.default else error('no protection level defined for protectionLevels.edit.default', 8) end return self:_substituteParameters(msg) end function Blurb:_makeProtectionLogParameter() local pagename = self._protectionObj.title.prefixedText if self._protectionObj.action == 'autoreview' then -- We need the pending changes log. return makeFullUrl( 'Special:Log', {type = 'stable', page = pagename}, self:_getExpandedMessage('pc-log-display') ) else -- We need the protection log. return makeFullUrl( 'Special:Log', {type = 'protect', page = pagename}, self:_getExpandedMessage('protection-log-display') ) end end function Blurb:_makeTalkPageParameter() return string.format( '[[%s:%s#%s|%s]]', mw.site.namespaces[self._protectionObj.title.namespace].talk.name, self._protectionObj.title.text, self._args.section or 'top', self:_getExpandedMessage('talk-page-link-display') ) end function Blurb:_makeTooltipBlurbParameter() if self._protectionObj:isTemporary() then return self:_getExpandedMessage('tooltip-blurb-expiry') else return self:_getExpandedMessage('tooltip-blurb-noexpiry') end end function Blurb:_makeTooltipFragmentParameter() if self._protectionObj:isTemporary() then return self:_getExpandedMessage('tooltip-fragment-expiry') else return self:_getExpandedMessage('tooltip-fragment-noexpiry') end end function Blurb:_makeVandalTemplateParameter() return mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{ title="vandal-m", args={self._args.user or self._protectionObj.title.baseText} } end -- Public methods -- function Blurb:makeBannerText(key) -- Validate input. if not key or not Blurb.bannerTextFields[key] then error(string.format( '"%s" is not a valid banner config field', tostring(key) ), 2) end -- Generate the text. local msg = self._protectionObj.bannerConfig[key] if type(msg) == 'string' then return self:_substituteParameters(msg) elseif type(msg) == 'function' then msg = msg(self._protectionObj, self._args) if type(msg) ~= 'string' then error(string.format( 'bad output from banner config function with key "%s"' .. ' (expected string, got %s)', tostring(key), type(msg) ), 4) end return self:_substituteParameters(msg) end end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- BannerTemplate class -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local BannerTemplate = {} BannerTemplate.__index = BannerTemplate function BannerTemplate.new(protectionObj, cfg) local obj = {} obj._cfg = cfg -- Set the image filename. local imageFilename = protectionObj.bannerConfig.image if imageFilename then obj._imageFilename = imageFilename else -- If an image filename isn't specified explicitly in the banner config, -- generate it from the protection status and the namespace. local action = protectionObj.action local level = protectionObj.level local namespace = protectionObj.title.namespace local reason = protectionObj.reason -- Deal with special cases first. if ( namespace == 10 or namespace == 828 or reason and obj._cfg.indefImageReasons[reason] ) and action == 'edit' and level == 'sysop' and not protectionObj:isTemporary() then -- Fully protected modules and templates get the special red "indef" -- padlock. obj._imageFilename = obj._cfg.msg['image-filename-indef'] else -- Deal with regular protection types. local images = obj._cfg.images if images[action] then if images[action][level] then obj._imageFilename = images[action][level] elseif images[action].default then obj._imageFilename = images[action].default end end end end return setmetatable(obj, BannerTemplate) end function BannerTemplate:renderImage() local filename = self._imageFilename or self._cfg.msg['image-filename-default'] or 'Transparent.gif' return makeFileLink{ file = filename, size = (self.imageWidth or 20) .. 'px', alt = self._imageAlt, link = self._imageLink, caption = self.imageCaption } end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Banner class -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local Banner = setmetatable({}, BannerTemplate) Banner.__index = Banner function Banner.new(protectionObj, blurbObj, cfg) local obj = BannerTemplate.new(protectionObj, cfg) -- This doesn't need the blurb. obj.imageWidth = 40 obj.imageCaption = blurbObj:makeBannerText('alt') -- Large banners use the alt text for the tooltip. obj._reasonText = blurbObj:makeBannerText('text') obj._explanationText = blurbObj:makeBannerText('explanation') obj._page = protectionObj.title.prefixedText -- Only makes a difference in testing. return setmetatable(obj, Banner) end function Banner:__tostring() -- Renders the banner. makeMessageBox = makeMessageBox or require('Module:Message box').main local reasonText = self._reasonText or error('no reason text set', 2) local explanationText = self._explanationText local mbargs = { page = self._page, type = 'protection', image = self:renderImage(), text = string.format( "'''%s'''%s", reasonText, explanationText and '<br />' .. explanationText or '' ) } return makeMessageBox('mbox', mbargs) end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Padlock class -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local Padlock = setmetatable({}, BannerTemplate) Padlock.__index = Padlock function Padlock.new(protectionObj, blurbObj, cfg) local obj = BannerTemplate.new(protectionObj, cfg) -- This doesn't need the blurb. obj.imageWidth = 20 obj.imageCaption = blurbObj:makeBannerText('tooltip') obj._imageAlt = blurbObj:makeBannerText('alt') obj._imageLink = blurbObj:makeBannerText('link') obj._indicatorName = cfg.padlockIndicatorNames[protectionObj.action] or cfg.padlockIndicatorNames.default or 'pp-default' return setmetatable(obj, Padlock) end function Padlock:__tostring() local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() -- The nowiki tag helps prevent whitespace at the top of articles. return frame:extensionTag{name = 'nowiki'} .. frame:extensionTag{ name = 'indicator', args = {name = self._indicatorName}, content = self:renderImage() } end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Exports -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local p = {} function p._exportClasses() -- This is used for testing purposes. return { Protection = Protection, Blurb = Blurb, BannerTemplate = BannerTemplate, Banner = Banner, Padlock = Padlock, } end function p._main(args, cfg, title) args = args or {} cfg = cfg or require(CONFIG_MODULE) local protectionObj = Protection.new(args, cfg, title) local ret = {} -- If a page's edit protection is equally or more restrictive than its -- protection from some other action, then don't bother displaying anything -- for the other action (except categories). if not yesno(args.catonly) and (protectionObj.action == 'edit' or args.demolevel or not getReachableNodes( cfg.hierarchy, protectionObj.level )[effectiveProtectionLevel('edit', protectionObj.title)]) then -- Initialise the blurb object local blurbObj = Blurb.new(protectionObj, args, cfg) -- Render the banner if protectionObj:shouldShowLock() then ret[#ret + 1] = tostring( (yesno(args.small) and Padlock or Banner) .new(protectionObj, blurbObj, cfg) ) end end -- Render the categories if yesno(args.category) ~= false then ret[#ret + 1] = protectionObj:makeCategoryLinks() end -- For arbitration enforcement, flagging [[WP:PIA]] pages to enable [[Special:AbuseFilter/1339]] to flag edits to them if protectionObj.level == "extendedconfirmed" then if require("Module:TableTools").inArray(protectionObj.title.talkPageTitle.categories, "Wikipedia pages subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict") then ret[#ret + 1] = "<p class='PIA-flag' style='display:none; visibility:hidden;' title='This page is subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict.'></p>" end end return table.concat(ret) end function p.main(frame, cfg) cfg = cfg or require(CONFIG_MODULE) -- Find default args, if any. local parent = frame.getParent and frame:getParent() local defaultArgs = parent and cfg.wrappers[parent:getTitle():gsub('/sandbox$', '')] -- Find user args, and use the parent frame if we are being called from a -- wrapper template. getArgs = getArgs or require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local userArgs = getArgs(frame, { parentOnly = defaultArgs, frameOnly = not defaultArgs }) -- Build the args table. User-specified args overwrite default args. local args = {} for k, v in pairs(defaultArgs or {}) do args[k] = v end for k, v in pairs(userArgs) do args[k] = v end return p._main(args, cfg) end return p p8ryzquso3eyufqyguwh2oyqz5eu1l6 74320 74319 2026-09-09T16:22:19Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Module:Protected_page]]: Importing Orphan Template 74319 Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements {{pp-meta}} and its daughter templates such as -- {{pp-dispute}}, {{pp-vandalism}} and {{pp-sock}}. -- Initialise necessary modules. require('strict') local makeFileLink = require('Module:File link')._main local effectiveProtectionLevel = require('Module:Effective protection level')._main local effectiveProtectionExpiry = require('Module:Effective protection expiry')._main local yesno = require('Module:Yesno') -- Lazily initialise modules and objects we don't always need. local getArgs, makeMessageBox, lang -- Set constants. local CONFIG_MODULE = 'Module:Protected page/config' -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Helper functions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local function makeCategoryLink(cat, sort) if cat then return string.format( '[[%s:%s|%s]]', mw.site.namespaces[14].name, cat, sort ) end end -- Validation function for the expiry and the protection date local function validateDate(dateString, dateType) if not lang then lang = mw.language.getContentLanguage() end local success, result = pcall(lang.formatDate, lang, 'U', dateString) if success then result = tonumber(result) if result then return result end end error(string.format( 'invalid %s: %s', dateType, tostring(dateString) ), 4) end local function makeFullUrl(page, query, display) return string.format( '[%s %s]', tostring(mw.uri.fullUrl(page, query)), display ) end -- Given a directed graph formatted as node -> table of direct successors, -- get a table of all nodes reachable from a given node (though always -- including the given node). local function getReachableNodes(graph, start) local toWalk, retval = {[start] = true}, {} while true do -- Can't use pairs() since we're adding and removing things as we're iterating local k = next(toWalk) -- This always gets the "first" key if k == nil then return retval end toWalk[k] = nil retval[k] = true for _,v in ipairs(graph[k]) do if not retval[v] then toWalk[v] = true end end end end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Protection class -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local Protection = {} Protection.__index = Protection Protection.supportedActions = { edit = true, move = true, autoreview = true, upload = true } Protection.bannerConfigFields = { 'text', 'explanation', 'tooltip', 'alt', 'link', 'image' } function Protection.new(args, cfg, title) local obj = {} obj._cfg = cfg obj.title = title or mw.title.getCurrentTitle() -- Set action if not args.action then obj.action = 'edit' elseif Protection.supportedActions[args.action] then obj.action = args.action else error(string.format( 'invalid action: %s', tostring(args.action) ), 3) end -- Set level obj.level = args.demolevel or effectiveProtectionLevel(obj.action, obj.title) if not obj.level or (obj.action == 'move' and obj.level == 'autoconfirmed') then -- Users need to be autoconfirmed to move pages anyway, so treat -- semi-move-protected pages as unprotected. obj.level = '*' end -- Set expiry local effectiveExpiry = effectiveProtectionExpiry(obj.action, obj.title) if effectiveExpiry == 'infinity' then obj.expiry = 'indef' elseif effectiveExpiry ~= 'unknown' then obj.expiry = validateDate(effectiveExpiry, 'expiry date') end -- Set reason if args[1] then obj.reason = mw.ustring.lower(args[1]) if obj.reason:find('|') then error('reasons cannot contain the pipe character ("|")', 3) end end -- Set protection date if args.date then obj.protectionDate = validateDate(args.date, 'protection date') end -- Set banner config do obj.bannerConfig = {} local configTables = {} if cfg.banners[obj.action] then configTables[#configTables + 1] = cfg.banners[obj.action][obj.reason] end if cfg.defaultBanners[obj.action] then configTables[#configTables + 1] = cfg.defaultBanners[obj.action][obj.level] configTables[#configTables + 1] = cfg.defaultBanners[obj.action].default end configTables[#configTables + 1] = cfg.masterBanner for i, field in ipairs(Protection.bannerConfigFields) do for j, t in ipairs(configTables) do if t[field] then obj.bannerConfig[field] = t[field] break end end end end return setmetatable(obj, Protection) end function Protection:isUserScript() -- Whether the page is a user JavaScript or CSS page. local title = self.title return title.namespace == 2 and ( title.contentModel == 'javascript' or title.contentModel == 'css' ) end function Protection:isProtected() return self.level ~= '*' end function Protection:shouldShowLock() -- Whether we should output a banner/padlock return self:isProtected() and not self:isUserScript() end -- Whether this page needs a protection category. Protection.shouldHaveProtectionCategory = Protection.shouldShowLock function Protection:isTemporary() return type(self.expiry) == 'number' end function Protection:makeProtectionCategory() if not self:shouldHaveProtectionCategory() then return '' end local cfg = self._cfg local title = self.title -- Get the expiry key fragment. local expiryFragment if self.expiry == 'indef' then expiryFragment = self.expiry elseif type(self.expiry) == 'number' then expiryFragment = 'temp' end -- Get the namespace key fragment. local namespaceFragment = cfg.categoryNamespaceKeys[title.namespace] if not namespaceFragment and title.namespace % 2 == 1 then namespaceFragment = 'talk' end -- Define the order that key fragments are tested in. This is done with an -- array of tables containing the value to be tested, along with its -- position in the cfg.protectionCategories table. local order = { {val = expiryFragment, keypos = 1}, {val = namespaceFragment, keypos = 2}, {val = self.reason, keypos = 3}, {val = self.level, keypos = 4}, {val = self.action, keypos = 5} } --[[ -- The old protection templates used an ad-hoc protection category system, -- with some templates prioritising namespaces in their categories, and -- others prioritising the protection reason. To emulate this in this module -- we use the config table cfg.reasonsWithNamespacePriority to set the -- reasons for which namespaces have priority over protection reason. -- If we are dealing with one of those reasons, move the namespace table to -- the end of the order table, i.e. give it highest priority. If not, the -- reason should have highest priority, so move that to the end of the table -- instead. --]] table.insert(order, table.remove(order, self.reason and cfg.reasonsWithNamespacePriority[self.reason] and 2 or 3)) --[[ -- Define the attempt order. Inactive subtables (subtables with nil "value" -- fields) are moved to the end, where they will later be given the key -- "all". This is to cut down on the number of table lookups in -- cfg.protectionCategories, which grows exponentially with the number of -- non-nil keys. We keep track of the number of active subtables with the -- noActive parameter. --]] local noActive, attemptOrder do local active, inactive = {}, {} for i, t in ipairs(order) do if t.val then active[#active + 1] = t else inactive[#inactive + 1] = t end end noActive = #active attemptOrder = active for i, t in ipairs(inactive) do attemptOrder[#attemptOrder + 1] = t end end --[[ -- Check increasingly generic key combinations until we find a match. If a -- specific category exists for the combination of key fragments we are -- given, that match will be found first. If not, we keep trying different -- key fragment combinations until we match using the key -- "all-all-all-all-all". -- -- To generate the keys, we index the key subtables using a binary matrix -- with indexes i and j. j is only calculated up to the number of active -- subtables. For example, if there were three active subtables, the matrix -- would look like this, with 0 corresponding to the key fragment "all", and -- 1 corresponding to other key fragments. -- -- j 1 2 3 -- i -- 1 1 1 1 -- 2 0 1 1 -- 3 1 0 1 -- 4 0 0 1 -- 5 1 1 0 -- 6 0 1 0 -- 7 1 0 0 -- 8 0 0 0 -- -- Values of j higher than the number of active subtables are set -- to the string "all". -- -- A key for cfg.protectionCategories is constructed for each value of i. -- The position of the value in the key is determined by the keypos field in -- each subtable. --]] local cats = cfg.protectionCategories for i = 1, 2^noActive do local key = {} for j, t in ipairs(attemptOrder) do if j > noActive then key[t.keypos] = 'all' else local quotient = i / 2 ^ (j - 1) quotient = math.ceil(quotient) if quotient % 2 == 1 then key[t.keypos] = t.val else key[t.keypos] = 'all' end end end key = table.concat(key, '|') local attempt = cats[key] if attempt then return makeCategoryLink(attempt, title.text) end end return '' end function Protection:isIncorrect() if not self:shouldHaveProtectionCategory() then return true end if type(self.expiry) ~= 'number' then return false end local expiry = os.date('*t', self.expiry) -- Avoid checking today.day or os.time(), unless close. https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416616 local today = os.date('*t') return (expiry.year < today.year) or (expiry.year == today.year and expiry.month < today.month) or (expiry.year == today.year and expiry.month == today.month and expiry.day < today.day) or (expiry.year == today.year and expiry.month == today.month and expiry.day == today.day and self.expiry < os.time()) end function Protection:isTemplateProtectedNonTemplate() local action, namespace = self.action, self.title.namespace return self.level == 'templateeditor' and ( (action ~= 'edit' and action ~= 'move') or (namespace ~= 10 and namespace ~= 828) ) end function Protection:makeCategoryLinks() local msg = self._cfg.msg local ret = {self:makeProtectionCategory()} if self:isIncorrect() then ret[#ret + 1] = makeCategoryLink( msg['tracking-category-incorrect'], self.title.text ) end if self:isTemplateProtectedNonTemplate() then ret[#ret + 1] = makeCategoryLink( msg['tracking-category-template'], self.title.text ) end return table.concat(ret) end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Blurb class -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local Blurb = {} Blurb.__index = Blurb Blurb.bannerTextFields = { text = true, explanation = true, tooltip = true, alt = true, link = true } function Blurb.new(protectionObj, args, cfg) return setmetatable({ _cfg = cfg, _protectionObj = protectionObj, _args = args }, Blurb) end -- Private methods -- function Blurb:_formatDate(num) -- Formats a Unix timestamp into dd Month, YYYY format. lang = lang or mw.language.getContentLanguage() local success, date = pcall( lang.formatDate, lang, self._cfg.msg['expiry-date-format'] or 'j F Y', '@' .. tostring(num) ) if success then return date end end function Blurb:_getExpandedMessage(msgKey) return self:_substituteParameters(self._cfg.msg[msgKey]) end function Blurb:_substituteParameters(msg) if not self._params then local parameterFuncs = {} parameterFuncs.CURRENTVERSION = self._makeCurrentVersionParameter parameterFuncs.EDITREQUEST = self._makeEditRequestParameter parameterFuncs.EXPIRY = self._makeExpiryParameter parameterFuncs.EXPLANATIONBLURB = self._makeExplanationBlurbParameter parameterFuncs.IMAGELINK = self._makeImageLinkParameter parameterFuncs.INTROBLURB = self._makeIntroBlurbParameter parameterFuncs.INTROFRAGMENT = self._makeIntroFragmentParameter parameterFuncs.PAGETYPE = self._makePagetypeParameter parameterFuncs.PROTECTIONBLURB = self._makeProtectionBlurbParameter parameterFuncs.PROTECTIONDATE = self._makeProtectionDateParameter parameterFuncs.PROTECTIONLEVEL = self._makeProtectionLevelParameter parameterFuncs.PROTECTIONLOG = self._makeProtectionLogParameter parameterFuncs.TALKPAGE = self._makeTalkPageParameter parameterFuncs.TOOLTIPBLURB = self._makeTooltipBlurbParameter parameterFuncs.TOOLTIPFRAGMENT = self._makeTooltipFragmentParameter parameterFuncs.VANDAL = self._makeVandalTemplateParameter self._params = setmetatable({}, { __index = function (t, k) local param if parameterFuncs[k] then param = parameterFuncs[k](self) end param = param or '' t[k] = param return param end }) end msg = msg:gsub('${(%u+)}', self._params) return msg end function Blurb:_makeCurrentVersionParameter() -- A link to the page history or the move log, depending on the kind of -- protection. local pagename = self._protectionObj.title.prefixedText if self._protectionObj.action == 'move' then -- We need the move log link. return makeFullUrl( 'Special:Log', {type = 'move', page = pagename}, self:_getExpandedMessage('current-version-move-display') ) else -- We need the history link. return makeFullUrl( pagename, {action = 'history'}, self:_getExpandedMessage('current-version-edit-display') ) end end function Blurb:_makeEditRequestParameter() local mEditRequest = require('Module:Submit an edit request') local action = self._protectionObj.action local level = self._protectionObj.level -- Get the edit request type. local requestType if action == 'edit' then if level == 'autoconfirmed' then requestType = 'semi' elseif level == 'extendedconfirmed' then requestType = 'extended' elseif level == 'templateeditor' then requestType = 'template' end end requestType = requestType or 'full' -- Get the display value. local display = self:_getExpandedMessage('edit-request-display') return mEditRequest._link{type = requestType, display = display} end function Blurb:_makeExpiryParameter() local expiry = self._protectionObj.expiry if type(expiry) == 'number' then return self:_formatDate(expiry) else return expiry end end function Blurb:_makeExplanationBlurbParameter() -- Cover special cases first. if self._protectionObj.title.namespace == 8 then -- MediaWiki namespace return self:_getExpandedMessage('explanation-blurb-nounprotect') end -- Get explanation blurb table keys local action = self._protectionObj.action local level = self._protectionObj.level local talkKey = self._protectionObj.title.isTalkPage and 'talk' or 'subject' -- Find the message in the explanation blurb table and substitute any -- parameters. local explanations = self._cfg.explanationBlurbs local msg if explanations[action][level] and explanations[action][level][talkKey] then msg = explanations[action][level][talkKey] elseif explanations[action][level] and explanations[action][level].default then msg = explanations[action][level].default elseif explanations[action].default and explanations[action].default[talkKey] then msg = explanations[action].default[talkKey] elseif explanations[action].default and explanations[action].default.default then msg = explanations[action].default.default else error(string.format( 'could not find explanation blurb for action "%s", level "%s" and talk key "%s"', action, level, talkKey ), 8) end return self:_substituteParameters(msg) end function Blurb:_makeImageLinkParameter() local imageLinks = self._cfg.imageLinks local action = self._protectionObj.action local level = self._protectionObj.level local msg if imageLinks[action][level] then msg = imageLinks[action][level] elseif imageLinks[action].default then msg = imageLinks[action].default else msg = imageLinks.edit.default end return self:_substituteParameters(msg) end function Blurb:_makeIntroBlurbParameter() if self._protectionObj:isTemporary() then return self:_getExpandedMessage('intro-blurb-expiry') else return self:_getExpandedMessage('intro-blurb-noexpiry') end end function Blurb:_makeIntroFragmentParameter() if self._protectionObj:isTemporary() then return self:_getExpandedMessage('intro-fragment-expiry') else return self:_getExpandedMessage('intro-fragment-noexpiry') end end function Blurb:_makePagetypeParameter() local pagetypes = self._cfg.pagetypes return pagetypes[self._protectionObj.title.namespace] or pagetypes.default or error('no default pagetype defined', 8) end function Blurb:_makeProtectionBlurbParameter() local protectionBlurbs = self._cfg.protectionBlurbs local action = self._protectionObj.action local level = self._protectionObj.level local msg if protectionBlurbs[action][level] then msg = protectionBlurbs[action][level] elseif protectionBlurbs[action].default then msg = protectionBlurbs[action].default elseif protectionBlurbs.edit.default then msg = protectionBlurbs.edit.default else error('no protection blurb defined for protectionBlurbs.edit.default', 8) end return self:_substituteParameters(msg) end function Blurb:_makeProtectionDateParameter() local protectionDate = self._protectionObj.protectionDate if type(protectionDate) == 'number' then return self:_formatDate(protectionDate) else return protectionDate end end function Blurb:_makeProtectionLevelParameter() local protectionLevels = self._cfg.protectionLevels local action = self._protectionObj.action local level = self._protectionObj.level local msg if protectionLevels[action][level] then msg = protectionLevels[action][level] elseif protectionLevels[action].default then msg = protectionLevels[action].default elseif protectionLevels.edit.default then msg = protectionLevels.edit.default else error('no protection level defined for protectionLevels.edit.default', 8) end return self:_substituteParameters(msg) end function Blurb:_makeProtectionLogParameter() local pagename = self._protectionObj.title.prefixedText if self._protectionObj.action == 'autoreview' then -- We need the pending changes log. return makeFullUrl( 'Special:Log', {type = 'stable', page = pagename}, self:_getExpandedMessage('pc-log-display') ) else -- We need the protection log. return makeFullUrl( 'Special:Log', {type = 'protect', page = pagename}, self:_getExpandedMessage('protection-log-display') ) end end function Blurb:_makeTalkPageParameter() return string.format( '[[%s:%s#%s|%s]]', mw.site.namespaces[self._protectionObj.title.namespace].talk.name, self._protectionObj.title.text, self._args.section or 'top', self:_getExpandedMessage('talk-page-link-display') ) end function Blurb:_makeTooltipBlurbParameter() if self._protectionObj:isTemporary() then return self:_getExpandedMessage('tooltip-blurb-expiry') else return self:_getExpandedMessage('tooltip-blurb-noexpiry') end end function Blurb:_makeTooltipFragmentParameter() if self._protectionObj:isTemporary() then return self:_getExpandedMessage('tooltip-fragment-expiry') else return self:_getExpandedMessage('tooltip-fragment-noexpiry') end end function Blurb:_makeVandalTemplateParameter() return mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{ title="vandal-m", args={self._args.user or self._protectionObj.title.baseText} } end -- Public methods -- function Blurb:makeBannerText(key) -- Validate input. if not key or not Blurb.bannerTextFields[key] then error(string.format( '"%s" is not a valid banner config field', tostring(key) ), 2) end -- Generate the text. local msg = self._protectionObj.bannerConfig[key] if type(msg) == 'string' then return self:_substituteParameters(msg) elseif type(msg) == 'function' then msg = msg(self._protectionObj, self._args) if type(msg) ~= 'string' then error(string.format( 'bad output from banner config function with key "%s"' .. ' (expected string, got %s)', tostring(key), type(msg) ), 4) end return self:_substituteParameters(msg) end end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- BannerTemplate class -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local BannerTemplate = {} BannerTemplate.__index = BannerTemplate function BannerTemplate.new(protectionObj, cfg) local obj = {} obj._cfg = cfg -- Set the image filename. local imageFilename = protectionObj.bannerConfig.image if imageFilename then obj._imageFilename = imageFilename else -- If an image filename isn't specified explicitly in the banner config, -- generate it from the protection status and the namespace. local action = protectionObj.action local level = protectionObj.level local namespace = protectionObj.title.namespace local reason = protectionObj.reason -- Deal with special cases first. if ( namespace == 10 or namespace == 828 or reason and obj._cfg.indefImageReasons[reason] ) and action == 'edit' and level == 'sysop' and not protectionObj:isTemporary() then -- Fully protected modules and templates get the special red "indef" -- padlock. obj._imageFilename = obj._cfg.msg['image-filename-indef'] else -- Deal with regular protection types. local images = obj._cfg.images if images[action] then if images[action][level] then obj._imageFilename = images[action][level] elseif images[action].default then obj._imageFilename = images[action].default end end end end return setmetatable(obj, BannerTemplate) end function BannerTemplate:renderImage() local filename = self._imageFilename or self._cfg.msg['image-filename-default'] or 'Transparent.gif' return makeFileLink{ file = filename, size = (self.imageWidth or 20) .. 'px', alt = self._imageAlt, link = self._imageLink, caption = self.imageCaption } end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Banner class -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local Banner = setmetatable({}, BannerTemplate) Banner.__index = Banner function Banner.new(protectionObj, blurbObj, cfg) local obj = BannerTemplate.new(protectionObj, cfg) -- This doesn't need the blurb. obj.imageWidth = 40 obj.imageCaption = blurbObj:makeBannerText('alt') -- Large banners use the alt text for the tooltip. obj._reasonText = blurbObj:makeBannerText('text') obj._explanationText = blurbObj:makeBannerText('explanation') obj._page = protectionObj.title.prefixedText -- Only makes a difference in testing. return setmetatable(obj, Banner) end function Banner:__tostring() -- Renders the banner. makeMessageBox = makeMessageBox or require('Module:Message box').main local reasonText = self._reasonText or error('no reason text set', 2) local explanationText = self._explanationText local mbargs = { page = self._page, type = 'protection', image = self:renderImage(), text = string.format( "'''%s'''%s", reasonText, explanationText and '<br />' .. explanationText or '' ) } return makeMessageBox('mbox', mbargs) end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Padlock class -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local Padlock = setmetatable({}, BannerTemplate) Padlock.__index = Padlock function Padlock.new(protectionObj, blurbObj, cfg) local obj = BannerTemplate.new(protectionObj, cfg) -- This doesn't need the blurb. obj.imageWidth = 20 obj.imageCaption = blurbObj:makeBannerText('tooltip') obj._imageAlt = blurbObj:makeBannerText('alt') obj._imageLink = blurbObj:makeBannerText('link') obj._indicatorName = cfg.padlockIndicatorNames[protectionObj.action] or cfg.padlockIndicatorNames.default or 'pp-default' return setmetatable(obj, Padlock) end function Padlock:__tostring() local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() -- The nowiki tag helps prevent whitespace at the top of articles. return frame:extensionTag{name = 'nowiki'} .. frame:extensionTag{ name = 'indicator', args = {name = self._indicatorName}, content = self:renderImage() } end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Exports -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- local p = {} function p._exportClasses() -- This is used for testing purposes. return { Protection = Protection, Blurb = Blurb, BannerTemplate = BannerTemplate, Banner = Banner, Padlock = Padlock, } end function p._main(args, cfg, title) args = args or {} cfg = cfg or require(CONFIG_MODULE) local protectionObj = Protection.new(args, cfg, title) local ret = {} -- If a page's edit protection is equally or more restrictive than its -- protection from some other action, then don't bother displaying anything -- for the other action (except categories). if not yesno(args.catonly) and (protectionObj.action == 'edit' or args.demolevel or not getReachableNodes( cfg.hierarchy, protectionObj.level )[effectiveProtectionLevel('edit', protectionObj.title)]) then -- Initialise the blurb object local blurbObj = Blurb.new(protectionObj, args, cfg) -- Render the banner if protectionObj:shouldShowLock() then ret[#ret + 1] = tostring( (yesno(args.small) and Padlock or Banner) .new(protectionObj, blurbObj, cfg) ) end end -- Render the categories if yesno(args.category) ~= false then ret[#ret + 1] = protectionObj:makeCategoryLinks() end -- For arbitration enforcement, flagging [[WP:PIA]] pages to enable [[Special:AbuseFilter/1339]] to flag edits to them if protectionObj.level == "extendedconfirmed" then if require("Module:TableTools").inArray(protectionObj.title.talkPageTitle.categories, "Wikipedia pages subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict") then ret[#ret + 1] = "<p class='PIA-flag' style='display:none; visibility:hidden;' title='This page is subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict.'></p>" end end return table.concat(ret) end function p.main(frame, cfg) cfg = cfg or require(CONFIG_MODULE) -- Find default args, if any. local parent = frame.getParent and frame:getParent() local defaultArgs = parent and cfg.wrappers[parent:getTitle():gsub('/sandbox$', '')] -- Find user args, and use the parent frame if we are being called from a -- wrapper template. getArgs = getArgs or require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local userArgs = getArgs(frame, { parentOnly = defaultArgs, frameOnly = not defaultArgs }) -- Build the args table. User-specified args overwrite default args. local args = {} for k, v in pairs(defaultArgs or {}) do args[k] = v end for k, v in pairs(userArgs) do args[k] = v end return p._main(args, cfg) end return p p8ryzquso3eyufqyguwh2oyqz5eu1l6 Module:Protected page/config 828 15750 74321 2026-08-30T17:22:32Z en>Primefac 0 per prev, old wrappers moved, removing from this list 74321 Scribunto text/plain -- This module provides configuration data for [[Module:Protection banner]]. return { -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- BANNER DATA -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --[[ -- Banner data consists of six fields: -- * text - the main protection text that appears at the top of protection -- banners. -- * explanation - the text that appears below the main protection text, used -- to explain the details of the protection. -- * tooltip - the tooltip text you see when you move the mouse over a small -- padlock icon. -- * link - the page that the small padlock icon links to. -- * alt - the alt text for the small padlock icon. This is also used as tooltip -- text for the large protection banners. -- * image - the padlock image used in both protection banners and small padlock -- icons. -- -- The module checks in three separate tables to find a value for each field. -- First it checks the banners table, which has values specific to the reason -- for the page being protected. Then the module checks the defaultBanners -- table, which has values specific to each protection level. Finally, the -- module checks the masterBanner table, which holds data for protection -- templates to use if no data has been found in the previous two tables. -- -- The values in the banner data can take parameters. These are specified -- using ${TEXTLIKETHIS} (a dollar sign preceding a parameter name -- enclosed in curly braces). -- -- Available parameters: -- -- ${CURRENTVERSION} - a link to the page history or the move log, with the -- display message "current-version-edit-display" or -- "current-version-move-display". -- -- ${EDITREQUEST} - a link to create an edit request for the current page. -- -- ${EXPLANATIONBLURB} - an explanation blurb, e.g. "Please discuss any changes -- on the talk page; you may submit a request to ask an administrator to make -- an edit if it is minor or supported by consensus." -- -- ${IMAGELINK} - a link to set the image to, depending on the protection -- action and protection level. -- -- ${INTROBLURB} - the PROTECTIONBLURB parameter, plus the expiry if an expiry -- is set. E.g. "Editing of this page by new or unregistered users is currently -- disabled until dd Month YYYY." -- -- ${INTROFRAGMENT} - the same as ${INTROBLURB}, but without final punctuation -- so that it can be used in run-on sentences. -- -- ${PAGETYPE} - the type of the page, e.g. "article" or "template". -- Defined in the cfg.pagetypes table. -- -- ${PROTECTIONBLURB} - a blurb explaining the protection level of the page, e.g. -- "Editing of this page by new or unregistered users is currently disabled" -- -- ${PROTECTIONDATE} - the protection date, if it has been supplied to the -- template. -- -- ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} - the protection level, e.g. "fully protected" or -- "semi-protected". -- -- ${PROTECTIONLOG} - a link to the protection log or the pending changes log, -- depending on the protection action. -- -- ${TALKPAGE} - a link to the talk page. If a section is specified, links -- straight to that talk page section. -- -- ${TOOLTIPBLURB} - uses the PAGETYPE, PROTECTIONTYPE and EXPIRY parameters to -- create a blurb like "This template is semi-protected", or "This article is -- move-protected until DD Month YYYY". -- -- ${VANDAL} - links for the specified username (or the root page name) -- using Module:Vandal-m. -- -- Functions -- -- For advanced users, it is possible to use Lua functions instead of strings -- in the banner config tables. Using functions gives flexibility that is not -- possible just by using parameters. Functions take two arguments, the -- protection object and the template arguments, and they must output a string. -- -- For example: -- -- text = function (protectionObj, args) -- if protectionObj.level == 'autoconfirmed' then -- return 'foo' -- else -- return 'bar' -- end -- end -- -- Some protection object properties and methods that may be useful: -- protectionObj.action - the protection action -- protectionObj.level - the protection level -- protectionObj.reason - the protection reason -- protectionObj.expiry - the expiry. Nil if unset, the string "indef" if set -- to indefinite, and the protection time in unix time if temporary. -- protectionObj.protectionDate - the protection date in unix time, or nil if -- unspecified. -- protectionObj.bannerConfig - the banner config found by the module. Beware -- of editing the config field used by the function, as it could create an -- infinite loop. -- protectionObj:isProtected - returns a boolean showing whether the page is -- protected. -- protectionObj:isTemporary - returns a boolean showing whether the expiry is -- temporary. -- protectionObj:isIncorrect - returns a boolean showing whether the protection -- template is incorrect. --]] -- The master banner data, used if no values have been found in banners or -- defaultBanners. masterBanner = { text = '${INTROBLURB}', explanation = '${EXPLANATIONBLURB}', tooltip = '${TOOLTIPBLURB}', link = '${IMAGELINK}', alt = 'Page ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}' }, -- The default banner data. This holds banner data for different protection -- levels. -- *required* - this table needs edit, move, autoreview and upload subtables. defaultBanners = { edit = {}, move = {}, autoreview = { default = { alt = 'Page protected with pending changes', tooltip = 'All edits by unregistered and new users are subject to review prior to becoming visible to unregistered users', image = 'Pending-protection-shackle.svg' } }, upload = {} }, -- The banner data. This holds banner data for different protection reasons. -- In fact, the reasons specified in this table control which reasons are -- valid inputs to the first positional parameter. -- -- There is also a non-standard "description" field that can be used for items -- in this table. This is a description of the protection reason for use in the -- module documentation. -- -- *required* - this table needs edit, move, autoreview and upload subtables. banners = { edit = { blp = { description = 'For pages protected to promote compliance with the' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons' .. '|biographies of living persons]] policy', text = '${INTROFRAGMENT} to promote compliance with' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons' .. "|Wikipedia's&nbsp;policy on&nbsp;the&nbsp;biographies" .. ' of&nbsp;living&nbsp;people]].', tooltip = '${TOOLTIPFRAGMENT} to promote compliance with the policy on' .. ' biographies of living persons', }, deceased = { description = 'For user pages of Wikipedia users who are deceased', text = '${INTROFRAGMENT} to prevent vandalism of a deceased' .. ' Wikipedian\'s user page.' .. ' A family member who wishes to edit this user page can use this' .. ' user\'s ${TALKPAGE} or submit a request to [[Wikipedia:VRT|the' .. ' Volunteer Response Team]].', tooltip = '${TOOLTIPFRAGMENT} because this Wikipedian is deceased' }, dmca = { description = 'For pages protected by the Wikimedia Foundation' .. ' due to [[Digital Millennium Copyright Act]] takedown requests', explanation = function (protectionObj, args) local ret = 'Pursuant to a rights owner notice under the Digital' .. ' Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) regarding some content' .. ' in this article, the Wikimedia Foundation acted under' .. ' applicable law and took down and restricted the content' .. ' in question.' if args.notice then ret = ret .. ' A copy of the received notice can be found here: ' .. args.notice .. '.' end ret = ret .. ' For more information, including websites discussing' .. ' how to file a counter-notice, please see' .. " [[Wikipedia:Office actions]] and the article's ${TALKPAGE}." .. "'''Do not remove this template from the article until the" .. " restrictions are withdrawn'''." return ret end, image = 'Office-protection-shackle.svg', link = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#office', }, dispute = { description = 'For pages protected due to editing disputes', text = function (protectionObj, args) -- Find the value of "disputes". local display = 'disputes' local disputes if args.section then disputes = string.format( '[[%s:%s#%s|%s]]', mw.site.namespaces[protectionObj.title.namespace].talk.name, protectionObj.title.text, args.section, display ) else disputes = display end -- Make the blurb, depending on the expiry. local msg if type(protectionObj.expiry) == 'number' then msg = '${INTROFRAGMENT} or until editing %s have been resolved.' else msg = '${INTROFRAGMENT} until editing %s have been resolved.' end return string.format(msg, disputes) end, explanation = "This protection is '''not''' an endorsement of the" .. ' ${CURRENTVERSION}. ${EXPLANATIONBLURB}', tooltip = '${TOOLTIPFRAGMENT} due to editing disputes', }, ecp = { description = 'For articles in topic areas authorized by' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Arbitration Committee|ArbCom]] or' .. ' meets the criteria for community use', alt = 'Extended-protected ${PAGETYPE}', }, mainpage = { description = 'For pages protected for being displayed on the [[Main Page]]', text = 'This file is currently' .. ' [[Wikipedia:This page is protected|protected]] from' .. ' editing because it is currently or will soon be displayed' .. ' on the [[Main Page]].', explanation = 'Images on the Main Page are protected due to their high' .. ' visibility. Please discuss any necessary changes on the ${TALKPAGE}.' .. '<br /><span style="font-size:90%;">' .. "'''Administrators:''' Once this image is definitely off the Main Page," .. ' please unprotect this file, or reduce to semi-protection,' .. ' as appropriate.</span>', }, office = { description = 'For pages protected by the Wikimedia Foundation', text = function (protectionObj, args) local ret = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is currently under the' .. ' scrutiny of the' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Office actions|Wikimedia Foundation Office]]' .. ' and is protected.' if protectionObj.protectionDate then ret = ret .. ' It has been protected since ${PROTECTIONDATE}.' end return ret end, explanation = "If you can edit this page, please discuss all changes and" .. " additions on the ${TALKPAGE} first. '''Do not remove protection from this" .. " page unless you are authorized by the Wikimedia Foundation to do" .. " so.'''", image = 'Office-protection-shackle.svg', link = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#office', }, reset = { description = 'For pages protected by the Wikimedia Foundation and' .. ' "reset" to a bare-bones version', text = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is currently under the' .. ' scrutiny of the' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Office actions|Wikimedia Foundation Office]]' .. ' and is protected.', explanation = function (protectionObj, args) local ret = '' if protectionObj.protectionDate then ret = ret .. 'On ${PROTECTIONDATE} this ${PAGETYPE} was' else ret = ret .. 'This ${PAGETYPE} has been' end ret = ret .. ' reduced to a' .. ' simplified, "bare bones" version so that it may be completely' .. ' rewritten to ensure it meets the policies of' .. ' [[WP:NPOV|Neutral Point of View]] and [[WP:V|Verifiability]].' .. ' Standard Wikipedia policies will apply to its rewriting—which' .. ' will eventually be open to all editors—and will be strictly' .. ' enforced. The ${PAGETYPE} has been ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} while' .. ' it is being rebuilt.\n\n' .. 'Any insertion of material directly from' .. ' pre-protection revisions of the ${PAGETYPE} will be removed, as' .. ' will any material added to the ${PAGETYPE} that is not properly' .. ' sourced. The associated talk page(s) were also cleared on the' .. " same date.\n\n" .. "If you can edit this page, please discuss all changes and" .. " additions on the ${TALKPAGE} first. '''Do not override" .. " this action, and do not remove protection from this page," .. " unless you are authorized by the Wikimedia Foundation" .. " to do so. No editor may remove this notice.'''" return ret end, image = 'Office-protection-shackle.svg', link = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#office', }, sock = { description = 'For pages protected due to' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Sock puppetry|sock puppetry]]', text = '${INTROFRAGMENT} to prevent [[Wikipedia:Sock puppetry|sock puppets]] of' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] or' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Banning policy|banned users]]' .. ' from editing it.', tooltip = '${TOOLTIPFRAGMENT} to prevent sock puppets of blocked or banned users from' .. ' editing it', }, template = { description = 'For [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|high-risk]]' .. ' templates and Lua modules', text = 'This is a permanently [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|protected]] ${PAGETYPE},' .. ' as it is [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|high-risk]].', explanation = 'Please discuss any changes on the ${TALKPAGE}; you may' .. ' ${EDITREQUEST} to ask an' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]] or' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Template editor|template editor]] to make an edit if' .. ' it is [[Help:Minor edit#When to mark an edit as a minor edit' .. '|uncontroversial]] or supported by' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Consensus|consensus]]. You can also' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection|request]] that the page be' .. ' unprotected.', tooltip = 'This high-risk ${PAGETYPE} is permanently ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}' .. ' to prevent vandalism', alt = 'Permanently protected ${PAGETYPE}', }, usertalk = { description = 'For pages protected against disruptive edits by a' .. ' particular user', text = '${INTROFRAGMENT} to prevent ${VANDAL} from using it to make disruptive edits,' .. ' such as abusing the' .. ' &#123;&#123;[[Template:unblock|unblock]]&#125;&#125; template.', explanation = 'If you cannot edit this user talk page and you need to' .. ' make a change or leave a message, you can' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection' .. '#Current requests for edits to a protected page' .. '|request an edit]],' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection' .. '#Current requests for reduction in protection level' .. '|request unprotection]],' .. ' [[Special:Userlogin|log in]],' .. ' or [[Special:UserLogin/signup|create an account]].', }, vandalism = { description = 'For pages protected against' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]]', text = '${INTROFRAGMENT} due to [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]].', explanation = function (protectionObj, args) local ret = '' if protectionObj.level == 'sysop' then ret = ret .. "This protection is '''not''' an endorsement of the" .. ' ${CURRENTVERSION}. ' end return ret .. '${EXPLANATIONBLURB}' end, tooltip = '${TOOLTIPFRAGMENT} due to vandalism', } }, move = { dispute = { description = 'For pages protected against page moves due to' .. ' disputes over the page title', explanation = "This protection is '''not''' an endorsement of the" .. ' ${CURRENTVERSION}. ${EXPLANATIONBLURB}', image = 'Move-protection-shackle.svg' }, vandalism = { description = 'For pages protected against' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Vandalism#Page-move vandalism' .. ' |page-move vandalism]]' } }, autoreview = {}, upload = {} }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- GENERAL DATA TABLES -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Protection blurbs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- This table produces the protection blurbs available with the -- ${PROTECTIONBLURB} parameter. It is sorted by protection action and -- protection level, and is checked by the module in the following order: -- 1. page's protection action, page's protection level -- 2. page's protection action, default protection level -- 3. "edit" protection action, default protection level -- -- It is possible to use banner parameters inside this table. -- *required* - this table needs edit, move, autoreview and upload subtables. protectionBlurbs = { edit = { default = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is currently [[Wikipedia:Protection policy#full|' .. 'protected]] from editing', templateeditor = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is currently [[Wikipedia:Protection policy#template' .. '|protected]] from editing', autoconfirmed = 'Editing of this ${PAGETYPE} by [[Wikipedia:User access' .. ' levels#New users|new]] or [[Wikipedia:User access levels#Unregistered' .. ' users|unregistered]] users is currently [[Wikipedia:Protection' .. ' policy#semi|disabled]]', extendedconfirmed = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is currently under [[Wikipedia:Protection' .. ' policy#extended|extended confirmed protection]]', }, move = { default = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is currently [[Wikipedia:Protection policy#Move' .. ' protection|protected]] from [[Help:Moving a page|page moves]]' }, autoreview = { default = 'All edits made to this ${PAGETYPE} by' .. ' [[Wikipedia:User access levels#New users|new]] or' .. ' [[Wikipedia:User access levels#Unregistered users|unregistered]]' .. ' users are currently' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Pending changes|subject to review]]' }, upload = { default = 'Uploading new versions of this ${PAGETYPE} is currently disabled' } }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Explanation blurbs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- This table produces the explanation blurbs available with the -- ${EXPLANATIONBLURB} parameter. It is sorted by protection action, -- protection level, and whether the page is a talk page or not. If the page is -- a talk page it will have a talk key of "talk"; otherwise it will have a talk -- key of "subject". The table is checked in the following order: -- 1. page's protection action, page's protection level, page's talk key -- 2. page's protection action, page's protection level, default talk key -- 3. page's protection action, default protection level, page's talk key -- 4. page's protection action, default protection level, default talk key -- -- It is possible to use banner parameters inside this table. -- *required* - this table needs edit, move, autoreview and upload subtables. explanationBlurbs = { edit = { autoconfirmed = { subject = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details. If you' .. ' cannot edit this ${PAGETYPE} and you wish to make a change, you can' .. ' ${EDITREQUEST}, discuss changes on the ${TALKPAGE},' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection' .. '#Current requests for reduction in protection level' .. '|request unprotection]], [[Special:Userlogin|log in]], or' .. ' [[Special:UserLogin/signup|create an account]].', default = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details. If you' .. ' cannot edit this ${PAGETYPE} and you wish to make a change, you can' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection' .. '#Current requests for reduction in protection level' .. '|request unprotection]], [[Special:Userlogin|log in]], or' .. ' [[Special:UserLogin/signup|create an account]].', }, extendedconfirmed = { default = 'Extended confirmed protection prevents edits from all unregistered editors' .. ' and registered users with fewer than 30 days tenure and 500 edits.' .. ' The [[Wikipedia:Protection policy#extended|policy on community use]]' .. ' specifies that extended confirmed protection can be applied to combat' .. ' disruption, if semi-protection has proven to be ineffective.' .. ' Extended confirmed protection may also be applied to enforce' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Arbitration Committee|arbitration sanctions]].' .. ' Please discuss any changes on the ${TALKPAGE}; you may' .. ' ${EDITREQUEST} to ask for uncontroversial changes supported by' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Consensus|consensus]].' }, default = { subject = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.' .. ' Please discuss any changes on the ${TALKPAGE}; you' .. ' may ${EDITREQUEST} to ask an' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]] to make an edit if it' .. ' is [[Help:Minor edit#When to mark an edit as a minor edit' .. '|uncontroversial]] or supported by [[Wikipedia:Consensus' .. '|consensus]]. You may also [[Wikipedia:Requests for' .. ' page protection#Current requests for reduction in protection level' .. '|request]] that this page be unprotected.', default = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.' .. ' You may [[Wikipedia:Requests for page' .. ' protection#Current requests for edits to a protected page|request an' .. ' edit]] to this page, or [[Wikipedia:Requests for' .. ' page protection#Current requests for reduction in protection level' .. '|ask]] for it to be unprotected.' } }, move = { default = { subject = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.' .. ' The page may still be edited but cannot be moved' .. ' until unprotected. Please discuss any suggested moves on the' .. ' ${TALKPAGE} or at [[Wikipedia:Requested moves]]. You can also' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection|request]] that the page be' .. ' unprotected.', default = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.' .. ' The page may still be edited but cannot be moved' .. ' until unprotected. Please discuss any suggested moves at' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requested moves]]. You can also' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection|request]] that the page be' .. ' unprotected.' } }, autoreview = { default = { default = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.' .. ' Edits to this ${PAGETYPE} by new and unregistered users' .. ' will not be visible to readers until they are accepted by' .. ' a reviewer. To avoid the need for your edits to be' .. ' reviewed, you may' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection' .. '#Current requests for reduction in protection level' .. '|request unprotection]], [[Special:Userlogin|log in]], or' .. ' [[Special:UserLogin/signup|create an account]].' }, }, upload = { default = { default = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.' .. ' The page may still be edited but new versions of the file' .. ' cannot be uploaded until it is unprotected. You can' .. ' request that a new version be uploaded by using a' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Edit requests|protected edit request]], or you' .. ' can [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection|request]]' .. ' that the file be unprotected.' } } }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Protection levels -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- This table provides the data for the ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} parameter, which -- produces a short label for different protection levels. It is sorted by -- protection action and protection level, and is checked in the following -- order: -- 1. page's protection action, page's protection level -- 2. page's protection action, default protection level -- 3. "edit" protection action, default protection level -- -- It is possible to use banner parameters inside this table. -- *required* - this table needs edit, move, autoreview and upload subtables. protectionLevels = { edit = { default = 'protected', templateeditor = 'template-protected', extendedconfirmed = 'extended-confirmed-protected', autoconfirmed = 'semi-protected', }, move = { default = 'move-protected' }, autoreview = { }, upload = { default = 'upload-protected' } }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Images -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- This table lists different padlock images for each protection action and -- protection level. It is used if an image is not specified in any of the -- banner data tables, and if the page does not satisfy the conditions for using -- the ['image-filename-indef'] image. It is checked in the following order: -- 1. page's protection action, page's protection level -- 2. page's protection action, default protection level images = { edit = { default = 'Full-protection-shackle.svg', templateeditor = 'Template-protection-shackle.svg', extendedconfirmed = 'Extended-protection-shackle.svg', autoconfirmed = 'Semi-protection-shackle.svg' }, move = { default = 'Move-protection-shackle.svg', }, autoreview = { default = 'Pending-protection-shackle.svg' }, upload = { default = 'Upload-protection-shackle.svg' } }, -- Pages with a reason specified in this table will show the special "indef" -- padlock, defined in the 'image-filename-indef' message, if no expiry is set. indefImageReasons = { template = true }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Image links -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- This table provides the data for the ${IMAGELINK} parameter, which gets -- the image link for small padlock icons based on the page's protection action -- and protection level. It is checked in the following order: -- 1. page's protection action, page's protection level -- 2. page's protection action, default protection level -- 3. "edit" protection action, default protection level -- -- It is possible to use banner parameters inside this table. -- *required* - this table needs edit, move, autoreview and upload subtables. imageLinks = { edit = { default = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#full', templateeditor = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#template', extendedconfirmed = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#extended', autoconfirmed = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#semi' }, move = { default = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#move' }, autoreview = { default = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#pending' }, upload = { default = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#upload' } }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Padlock indicator names -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- This table provides the "name" attribute for the <indicator> extension tag -- with which small padlock icons are generated. All indicator tags on a page -- are displayed in alphabetical order based on this attribute, and with -- indicator tags with duplicate names, the last tag on the page wins. -- The attribute is chosen based on the protection action; table keys must be a -- protection action name or the string "default". padlockIndicatorNames = { autoreview = 'pp-autoreview', default = 'pp-default' }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Protection categories -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --[[ -- The protection categories are stored in the protectionCategories table. -- Keys to this table are made up of the following strings: -- -- 1. the expiry date -- 2. the namespace -- 3. the protection reason (e.g. "dispute" or "vandalism") -- 4. the protection level (e.g. "sysop" or "autoconfirmed") -- 5. the action (e.g. "edit" or "move") -- -- When the module looks up a category in the table, first it will will check to -- see a key exists that corresponds to all five parameters. For example, a -- user page semi-protected from vandalism for two weeks would have the key -- "temp-user-vandalism-autoconfirmed-edit". If no match is found, the module -- changes the first part of the key to "all" and checks the table again. It -- keeps checking increasingly generic key combinations until it finds the -- field, or until it reaches the key "all-all-all-all-all". -- -- The module uses a binary matrix to determine the order in which to search. -- This is best demonstrated by a table. In this table, the "0" values -- represent "all", and the "1" values represent the original data (e.g. -- "indef" or "file" or "vandalism"). -- -- expiry namespace reason level action -- order -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 -- 2 0 1 1 1 1 -- 3 1 0 1 1 1 -- 4 0 0 1 1 1 -- 5 1 1 0 1 1 -- 6 0 1 0 1 1 -- 7 1 0 0 1 1 -- 8 0 0 0 1 1 -- 9 1 1 1 0 1 -- 10 0 1 1 0 1 -- 11 1 0 1 0 1 -- 12 0 0 1 0 1 -- 13 1 1 0 0 1 -- 14 0 1 0 0 1 -- 15 1 0 0 0 1 -- 16 0 0 0 0 1 -- 17 1 1 1 1 0 -- 18 0 1 1 1 0 -- 19 1 0 1 1 0 -- 20 0 0 1 1 0 -- 21 1 1 0 1 0 -- 22 0 1 0 1 0 -- 23 1 0 0 1 0 -- 24 0 0 0 1 0 -- 25 1 1 1 0 0 -- 26 0 1 1 0 0 -- 27 1 0 1 0 0 -- 28 0 0 1 0 0 -- 29 1 1 0 0 0 -- 30 0 1 0 0 0 -- 31 1 0 0 0 0 -- 32 0 0 0 0 0 -- -- In this scheme the action has the highest priority, as it is the last -- to change, and the expiry has the least priority, as it changes the most. -- The priorities of the expiry, the protection level and the action are -- fixed, but the priorities of the reason and the namespace can be swapped -- through the use of the cfg.bannerDataNamespaceHasPriority table. --]] -- If the reason specified to the template is listed in this table, -- namespace data will take priority over reason data in the protectionCategories -- table. reasonsWithNamespacePriority = { vandalism = true, }, -- The string to use as a namespace key for the protectionCategories table for each -- namespace number. categoryNamespaceKeys = { [ 2] = 'user', [ 3] = 'user', [ 4] = 'project', [ 6] = 'file', [ 8] = 'mediawiki', [ 10] = 'template', [ 12] = 'project', [ 14] = 'category', [100] = 'portal', [828] = 'module', }, protectionCategories = { ['all|all|all|all|all'] = 'Wikipedia fully protected pages', ['all|all|office|all|all'] = 'Wikipedia Office-protected pages', ['all|all|reset|all|all'] = 'Wikipedia Office-protected pages', ['all|all|dmca|all|all'] = 'Wikipedia Office-protected pages', ['all|all|mainpage|all|all'] = 'Wikipedia fully protected main page files', ['all|all|all|extendedconfirmed|all'] = 'Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages', ['all|all|ecp|extendedconfirmed|all'] = 'Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages', ['all|template|all|all|edit'] = 'Wikipedia fully protected templates', ['all|all|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia semi-protected pages', ['indef|all|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages', ['all|all|blp|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected biographies of living people', ['temp|all|blp|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia temporarily semi-protected biographies of living people', ['all|all|dispute|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia pages semi-protected due to dispute', ['all|all|sock|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia pages semi-protected from banned users', ['all|all|vandalism|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism', ['all|category|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia semi-protected categories', ['all|file|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia semi-protected files', ['all|portal|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia semi-protected portals', ['all|project|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia semi-protected project pages', ['all|talk|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia semi-protected talk pages', ['all|template|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia semi-protected templates', ['all|user|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia semi-protected user and user talk pages', ['all|all|all|templateeditor|move'] = 'Wikipedia template-protected pages other than templates and modules', ['all|all|all|templateeditor|edit'] = 'Wikipedia template-protected pages other than templates and modules', ['all|template|all|templateeditor|edit'] = 'Wikipedia template-protected templates', ['all|template|all|templateeditor|move'] = 'Wikipedia template-protected templates', -- move-protected templates ['all|all|blp|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia indefinitely protected biographies of living people', ['temp|all|blp|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia temporarily protected biographies of living people', ['all|all|dispute|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia pages protected due to dispute', ['all|all|sock|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia pages protected from banned users', ['all|all|vandalism|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia pages protected against vandalism', ['all|category|all|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia fully protected categories', ['all|file|all|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia fully protected files', ['all|project|all|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia fully protected project pages', ['all|talk|all|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia fully protected talk pages', ['all|template|all|extendedconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected templates', ['all|template|all|extendedconfirmed|move'] = 'Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected templates', ['all|template|all|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia fully protected templates', ['all|user|all|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia fully protected user and user talk pages', ['all|module|all|all|edit'] = 'Wikipedia fully protected modules', ['all|module|all|templateeditor|edit'] = 'Wikipedia template-protected modules', ['all|module|all|extendedconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected modules', ['all|module|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia semi-protected modules', ['all|all|all|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia move-protected pages', ['indef|all|all|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages', ['all|all|dispute|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia pages move-protected due to dispute', ['all|all|vandalism|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia pages move-protected due to vandalism', ['all|portal|all|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia move-protected portals', ['all|project|all|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia move-protected project pages', ['all|talk|all|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia move-protected talk pages', ['all|template|all|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia move-protected templates', ['all|user|all|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia move-protected user and user talk pages', ['all|all|all|autoconfirmed|autoreview'] = 'Wikipedia pending changes protected pages', ['all|file|all|all|upload'] = 'Wikipedia upload-protected files', }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Expiry category config -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- This table configures the expiry category behaviour for each protection -- action. -- * If set to true, setting that action will always categorise the page if -- an expiry parameter is not set. -- * If set to false, setting that action will never categorise the page. -- * If set to nil, the module will categorise the page if: -- 1) an expiry parameter is not set, and -- 2) a reason is provided, and -- 3) the specified reason is not blacklisted in the reasonsWithoutExpiryCheck -- table. expiryCheckActions = { edit = nil, move = false, autoreview = true, upload = false }, reasonsWithoutExpiryCheck = { blp = true, template = true, }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Pagetypes -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- This table produces the page types available with the ${PAGETYPE} parameter. -- Keys are namespace numbers, or the string "default" for the default value. pagetypes = { [0] = 'article', [6] = 'file', [10] = 'template', [14] = 'category', [828] = 'module', default = 'page' }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Strings marking indefinite protection -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- This table contains values passed to the expiry parameter that mean the page -- is protected indefinitely. indefStrings = { ['indef'] = true, ['indefinite'] = true, ['indefinitely'] = true, ['infinite'] = true, }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Group hierarchy -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- This table maps each group to all groups that have a superset of the original -- group's page editing permissions. hierarchy = { sysop = {}, reviewer = {'sysop'}, filemover = {'sysop'}, templateeditor = {'sysop'}, extendedconfirmed = {'sysop'}, autoconfirmed = {'reviewer', 'filemover', 'templateeditor', 'extendedconfirmed'}, user = {'autoconfirmed'}, ['*'] = {'user'} }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Wrapper templates and their default arguments -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- This table contains wrapper templates used with the module, and their -- default arguments. Templates specified in this table should contain the -- following invocation, and no other template content: -- -- {{#invoke:Protection banner|main}} -- -- If other content is desired, it can be added between -- <noinclude>...</noinclude> tags. -- -- When a user calls one of these wrapper templates, they will use the -- default arguments automatically. However, users can override any of the -- arguments. wrappers = { ['Template:Protected page'] = {}, ['Template:Extended confirmed–protected'] = {'ecp'}, ['Template:Protected biography of a living person'] = {'blp'}, ['Template:Protected due to a dispute'] = {'dispute'}, ['Template:Move-protected'] = {action = 'move', catonly = 'yes'}, ['Template:Move-protected due to a dispute'] = {'dispute', action = 'move', catonly = 'yes'}, ['Template:Move-protected due to vandalism'] = {'vandalism', action = 'move', catonly = 'yes'}, ['Template:Office-protected'] = {'office'}, ['Template:Pending changes–protected'] = {action = 'autoreview', small = true}, ['Template:Semi-protected indefinitely'] = {small = true}, ['Template:Protected due to sockpuppetry'] = {'sock'}, ['Template:Template-protected'] = {'template', small = true}, ['Template:Upload-protected'] = {action = 'upload'}, ['Template:Protected talk page of a blocked user'] = {'usertalk'}, ['Template:Protected due to vandalism'] = {'vandalism'}, }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- MESSAGES -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- msg = { -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Intro blurb and intro fragment -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- These messages specify what is produced by the ${INTROBLURB} and -- ${INTROFRAGMENT} parameters. If the protection is temporary they use the -- intro-blurb-expiry or intro-fragment-expiry, and if not they use -- intro-blurb-noexpiry or intro-fragment-noexpiry. -- It is possible to use banner parameters in these messages. ['intro-blurb-expiry'] = '${PROTECTIONBLURB} until ${EXPIRY}.', ['intro-blurb-noexpiry'] = '${PROTECTIONBLURB}.', ['intro-fragment-expiry'] = '${PROTECTIONBLURB} until ${EXPIRY},', ['intro-fragment-noexpiry'] = '${PROTECTIONBLURB}', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Tooltip blurb -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- These messages specify what is produced by the ${TOOLTIPBLURB} parameter. -- If the protection is temporary the tooltip-blurb-expiry message is used, and -- if not the tooltip-blurb-noexpiry message is used. -- It is possible to use banner parameters in these messages. ['tooltip-blurb-expiry'] = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} until ${EXPIRY}.', ['tooltip-blurb-noexpiry'] = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}.', ['tooltip-fragment-expiry'] = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} until ${EXPIRY},', ['tooltip-fragment-noexpiry'] = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Special explanation blurb -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- An explanation blurb for pages that cannot be unprotected, e.g. for pages -- in the MediaWiki namespace. -- It is possible to use banner parameters in this message. ['explanation-blurb-nounprotect'] = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.' .. ' Please discuss any changes on the ${TALKPAGE}; you' .. ' may ${EDITREQUEST} to ask an' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]] to make an edit if it' .. ' is [[Help:Minor edit#When to mark an edit as a minor edit' .. '|uncontroversial]] or supported by [[Wikipedia:Consensus' .. '|consensus]].', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Protection log display values -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- These messages determine the display values for the protection log link -- or the pending changes log link produced by the ${PROTECTIONLOG} parameter. -- It is possible to use banner parameters in these messages. ['protection-log-display'] = 'protection log', ['pc-log-display'] = 'pending changes log', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Current version display values -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- These messages determine the display values for the page history link -- or the move log link produced by the ${CURRENTVERSION} parameter. -- It is possible to use banner parameters in these messages. ['current-version-move-display'] = 'current title', ['current-version-edit-display'] = 'current version', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Talk page -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- This message determines the display value of the talk page link produced -- with the ${TALKPAGE} parameter. -- It is possible to use banner parameters in this message. ['talk-page-link-display'] = 'talk page', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Edit requests -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- This message determines the display value of the edit request link produced -- with the ${EDITREQUEST} parameter. -- It is possible to use banner parameters in this message. ['edit-request-display'] = 'submit an edit request', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Expiry date format -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- This is the format for the blurb expiry date. It should be valid input for -- the first parameter of the #time parser function. ['expiry-date-format'] = 'F j, Y "at" H:i e', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Tracking categories -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- These messages determine which tracking categories the module outputs. ['tracking-category-incorrect'] = 'Wikipedia pages with incorrect protection templates', ['tracking-category-template'] = 'Wikipedia template-protected pages other than templates and modules', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Images -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- These are images that are not defined by their protection action and protection level. ['image-filename-indef'] = 'Full-protection-shackle.svg', ['image-filename-default'] = 'Transparent.gif', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- End messages -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- End configuration -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- } pj6zo6l44p4bk4pwax9tlbkyf7cpx34 74322 74321 2026-09-09T16:22:19Z B722N 6898 1 revision imported from [[:en:Module:Protected_page/config]]: Importing Orphan Template 74321 Scribunto text/plain -- This module provides configuration data for [[Module:Protection banner]]. return { -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- BANNER DATA -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --[[ -- Banner data consists of six fields: -- * text - the main protection text that appears at the top of protection -- banners. -- * explanation - the text that appears below the main protection text, used -- to explain the details of the protection. -- * tooltip - the tooltip text you see when you move the mouse over a small -- padlock icon. -- * link - the page that the small padlock icon links to. -- * alt - the alt text for the small padlock icon. This is also used as tooltip -- text for the large protection banners. -- * image - the padlock image used in both protection banners and small padlock -- icons. -- -- The module checks in three separate tables to find a value for each field. -- First it checks the banners table, which has values specific to the reason -- for the page being protected. Then the module checks the defaultBanners -- table, which has values specific to each protection level. Finally, the -- module checks the masterBanner table, which holds data for protection -- templates to use if no data has been found in the previous two tables. -- -- The values in the banner data can take parameters. These are specified -- using ${TEXTLIKETHIS} (a dollar sign preceding a parameter name -- enclosed in curly braces). -- -- Available parameters: -- -- ${CURRENTVERSION} - a link to the page history or the move log, with the -- display message "current-version-edit-display" or -- "current-version-move-display". -- -- ${EDITREQUEST} - a link to create an edit request for the current page. -- -- ${EXPLANATIONBLURB} - an explanation blurb, e.g. "Please discuss any changes -- on the talk page; you may submit a request to ask an administrator to make -- an edit if it is minor or supported by consensus." -- -- ${IMAGELINK} - a link to set the image to, depending on the protection -- action and protection level. -- -- ${INTROBLURB} - the PROTECTIONBLURB parameter, plus the expiry if an expiry -- is set. E.g. "Editing of this page by new or unregistered users is currently -- disabled until dd Month YYYY." -- -- ${INTROFRAGMENT} - the same as ${INTROBLURB}, but without final punctuation -- so that it can be used in run-on sentences. -- -- ${PAGETYPE} - the type of the page, e.g. "article" or "template". -- Defined in the cfg.pagetypes table. -- -- ${PROTECTIONBLURB} - a blurb explaining the protection level of the page, e.g. -- "Editing of this page by new or unregistered users is currently disabled" -- -- ${PROTECTIONDATE} - the protection date, if it has been supplied to the -- template. -- -- ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} - the protection level, e.g. "fully protected" or -- "semi-protected". -- -- ${PROTECTIONLOG} - a link to the protection log or the pending changes log, -- depending on the protection action. -- -- ${TALKPAGE} - a link to the talk page. If a section is specified, links -- straight to that talk page section. -- -- ${TOOLTIPBLURB} - uses the PAGETYPE, PROTECTIONTYPE and EXPIRY parameters to -- create a blurb like "This template is semi-protected", or "This article is -- move-protected until DD Month YYYY". -- -- ${VANDAL} - links for the specified username (or the root page name) -- using Module:Vandal-m. -- -- Functions -- -- For advanced users, it is possible to use Lua functions instead of strings -- in the banner config tables. Using functions gives flexibility that is not -- possible just by using parameters. Functions take two arguments, the -- protection object and the template arguments, and they must output a string. -- -- For example: -- -- text = function (protectionObj, args) -- if protectionObj.level == 'autoconfirmed' then -- return 'foo' -- else -- return 'bar' -- end -- end -- -- Some protection object properties and methods that may be useful: -- protectionObj.action - the protection action -- protectionObj.level - the protection level -- protectionObj.reason - the protection reason -- protectionObj.expiry - the expiry. Nil if unset, the string "indef" if set -- to indefinite, and the protection time in unix time if temporary. -- protectionObj.protectionDate - the protection date in unix time, or nil if -- unspecified. -- protectionObj.bannerConfig - the banner config found by the module. Beware -- of editing the config field used by the function, as it could create an -- infinite loop. -- protectionObj:isProtected - returns a boolean showing whether the page is -- protected. -- protectionObj:isTemporary - returns a boolean showing whether the expiry is -- temporary. -- protectionObj:isIncorrect - returns a boolean showing whether the protection -- template is incorrect. --]] -- The master banner data, used if no values have been found in banners or -- defaultBanners. masterBanner = { text = '${INTROBLURB}', explanation = '${EXPLANATIONBLURB}', tooltip = '${TOOLTIPBLURB}', link = '${IMAGELINK}', alt = 'Page ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}' }, -- The default banner data. This holds banner data for different protection -- levels. -- *required* - this table needs edit, move, autoreview and upload subtables. defaultBanners = { edit = {}, move = {}, autoreview = { default = { alt = 'Page protected with pending changes', tooltip = 'All edits by unregistered and new users are subject to review prior to becoming visible to unregistered users', image = 'Pending-protection-shackle.svg' } }, upload = {} }, -- The banner data. This holds banner data for different protection reasons. -- In fact, the reasons specified in this table control which reasons are -- valid inputs to the first positional parameter. -- -- There is also a non-standard "description" field that can be used for items -- in this table. This is a description of the protection reason for use in the -- module documentation. -- -- *required* - this table needs edit, move, autoreview and upload subtables. banners = { edit = { blp = { description = 'For pages protected to promote compliance with the' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons' .. '|biographies of living persons]] policy', text = '${INTROFRAGMENT} to promote compliance with' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons' .. "|Wikipedia's&nbsp;policy on&nbsp;the&nbsp;biographies" .. ' of&nbsp;living&nbsp;people]].', tooltip = '${TOOLTIPFRAGMENT} to promote compliance with the policy on' .. ' biographies of living persons', }, deceased = { description = 'For user pages of Wikipedia users who are deceased', text = '${INTROFRAGMENT} to prevent vandalism of a deceased' .. ' Wikipedian\'s user page.' .. ' A family member who wishes to edit this user page can use this' .. ' user\'s ${TALKPAGE} or submit a request to [[Wikipedia:VRT|the' .. ' Volunteer Response Team]].', tooltip = '${TOOLTIPFRAGMENT} because this Wikipedian is deceased' }, dmca = { description = 'For pages protected by the Wikimedia Foundation' .. ' due to [[Digital Millennium Copyright Act]] takedown requests', explanation = function (protectionObj, args) local ret = 'Pursuant to a rights owner notice under the Digital' .. ' Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) regarding some content' .. ' in this article, the Wikimedia Foundation acted under' .. ' applicable law and took down and restricted the content' .. ' in question.' if args.notice then ret = ret .. ' A copy of the received notice can be found here: ' .. args.notice .. '.' end ret = ret .. ' For more information, including websites discussing' .. ' how to file a counter-notice, please see' .. " [[Wikipedia:Office actions]] and the article's ${TALKPAGE}." .. "'''Do not remove this template from the article until the" .. " restrictions are withdrawn'''." return ret end, image = 'Office-protection-shackle.svg', link = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#office', }, dispute = { description = 'For pages protected due to editing disputes', text = function (protectionObj, args) -- Find the value of "disputes". local display = 'disputes' local disputes if args.section then disputes = string.format( '[[%s:%s#%s|%s]]', mw.site.namespaces[protectionObj.title.namespace].talk.name, protectionObj.title.text, args.section, display ) else disputes = display end -- Make the blurb, depending on the expiry. local msg if type(protectionObj.expiry) == 'number' then msg = '${INTROFRAGMENT} or until editing %s have been resolved.' else msg = '${INTROFRAGMENT} until editing %s have been resolved.' end return string.format(msg, disputes) end, explanation = "This protection is '''not''' an endorsement of the" .. ' ${CURRENTVERSION}. ${EXPLANATIONBLURB}', tooltip = '${TOOLTIPFRAGMENT} due to editing disputes', }, ecp = { description = 'For articles in topic areas authorized by' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Arbitration Committee|ArbCom]] or' .. ' meets the criteria for community use', alt = 'Extended-protected ${PAGETYPE}', }, mainpage = { description = 'For pages protected for being displayed on the [[Main Page]]', text = 'This file is currently' .. ' [[Wikipedia:This page is protected|protected]] from' .. ' editing because it is currently or will soon be displayed' .. ' on the [[Main Page]].', explanation = 'Images on the Main Page are protected due to their high' .. ' visibility. Please discuss any necessary changes on the ${TALKPAGE}.' .. '<br /><span style="font-size:90%;">' .. "'''Administrators:''' Once this image is definitely off the Main Page," .. ' please unprotect this file, or reduce to semi-protection,' .. ' as appropriate.</span>', }, office = { description = 'For pages protected by the Wikimedia Foundation', text = function (protectionObj, args) local ret = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is currently under the' .. ' scrutiny of the' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Office actions|Wikimedia Foundation Office]]' .. ' and is protected.' if protectionObj.protectionDate then ret = ret .. ' It has been protected since ${PROTECTIONDATE}.' end return ret end, explanation = "If you can edit this page, please discuss all changes and" .. " additions on the ${TALKPAGE} first. '''Do not remove protection from this" .. " page unless you are authorized by the Wikimedia Foundation to do" .. " so.'''", image = 'Office-protection-shackle.svg', link = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#office', }, reset = { description = 'For pages protected by the Wikimedia Foundation and' .. ' "reset" to a bare-bones version', text = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is currently under the' .. ' scrutiny of the' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Office actions|Wikimedia Foundation Office]]' .. ' and is protected.', explanation = function (protectionObj, args) local ret = '' if protectionObj.protectionDate then ret = ret .. 'On ${PROTECTIONDATE} this ${PAGETYPE} was' else ret = ret .. 'This ${PAGETYPE} has been' end ret = ret .. ' reduced to a' .. ' simplified, "bare bones" version so that it may be completely' .. ' rewritten to ensure it meets the policies of' .. ' [[WP:NPOV|Neutral Point of View]] and [[WP:V|Verifiability]].' .. ' Standard Wikipedia policies will apply to its rewriting—which' .. ' will eventually be open to all editors—and will be strictly' .. ' enforced. The ${PAGETYPE} has been ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} while' .. ' it is being rebuilt.\n\n' .. 'Any insertion of material directly from' .. ' pre-protection revisions of the ${PAGETYPE} will be removed, as' .. ' will any material added to the ${PAGETYPE} that is not properly' .. ' sourced. The associated talk page(s) were also cleared on the' .. " same date.\n\n" .. "If you can edit this page, please discuss all changes and" .. " additions on the ${TALKPAGE} first. '''Do not override" .. " this action, and do not remove protection from this page," .. " unless you are authorized by the Wikimedia Foundation" .. " to do so. No editor may remove this notice.'''" return ret end, image = 'Office-protection-shackle.svg', link = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#office', }, sock = { description = 'For pages protected due to' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Sock puppetry|sock puppetry]]', text = '${INTROFRAGMENT} to prevent [[Wikipedia:Sock puppetry|sock puppets]] of' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] or' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Banning policy|banned users]]' .. ' from editing it.', tooltip = '${TOOLTIPFRAGMENT} to prevent sock puppets of blocked or banned users from' .. ' editing it', }, template = { description = 'For [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|high-risk]]' .. ' templates and Lua modules', text = 'This is a permanently [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|protected]] ${PAGETYPE},' .. ' as it is [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|high-risk]].', explanation = 'Please discuss any changes on the ${TALKPAGE}; you may' .. ' ${EDITREQUEST} to ask an' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]] or' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Template editor|template editor]] to make an edit if' .. ' it is [[Help:Minor edit#When to mark an edit as a minor edit' .. '|uncontroversial]] or supported by' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Consensus|consensus]]. You can also' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection|request]] that the page be' .. ' unprotected.', tooltip = 'This high-risk ${PAGETYPE} is permanently ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}' .. ' to prevent vandalism', alt = 'Permanently protected ${PAGETYPE}', }, usertalk = { description = 'For pages protected against disruptive edits by a' .. ' particular user', text = '${INTROFRAGMENT} to prevent ${VANDAL} from using it to make disruptive edits,' .. ' such as abusing the' .. ' &#123;&#123;[[Template:unblock|unblock]]&#125;&#125; template.', explanation = 'If you cannot edit this user talk page and you need to' .. ' make a change or leave a message, you can' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection' .. '#Current requests for edits to a protected page' .. '|request an edit]],' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection' .. '#Current requests for reduction in protection level' .. '|request unprotection]],' .. ' [[Special:Userlogin|log in]],' .. ' or [[Special:UserLogin/signup|create an account]].', }, vandalism = { description = 'For pages protected against' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]]', text = '${INTROFRAGMENT} due to [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]].', explanation = function (protectionObj, args) local ret = '' if protectionObj.level == 'sysop' then ret = ret .. "This protection is '''not''' an endorsement of the" .. ' ${CURRENTVERSION}. ' end return ret .. '${EXPLANATIONBLURB}' end, tooltip = '${TOOLTIPFRAGMENT} due to vandalism', } }, move = { dispute = { description = 'For pages protected against page moves due to' .. ' disputes over the page title', explanation = "This protection is '''not''' an endorsement of the" .. ' ${CURRENTVERSION}. ${EXPLANATIONBLURB}', image = 'Move-protection-shackle.svg' }, vandalism = { description = 'For pages protected against' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Vandalism#Page-move vandalism' .. ' |page-move vandalism]]' } }, autoreview = {}, upload = {} }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- GENERAL DATA TABLES -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Protection blurbs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- This table produces the protection blurbs available with the -- ${PROTECTIONBLURB} parameter. It is sorted by protection action and -- protection level, and is checked by the module in the following order: -- 1. page's protection action, page's protection level -- 2. page's protection action, default protection level -- 3. "edit" protection action, default protection level -- -- It is possible to use banner parameters inside this table. -- *required* - this table needs edit, move, autoreview and upload subtables. protectionBlurbs = { edit = { default = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is currently [[Wikipedia:Protection policy#full|' .. 'protected]] from editing', templateeditor = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is currently [[Wikipedia:Protection policy#template' .. '|protected]] from editing', autoconfirmed = 'Editing of this ${PAGETYPE} by [[Wikipedia:User access' .. ' levels#New users|new]] or [[Wikipedia:User access levels#Unregistered' .. ' users|unregistered]] users is currently [[Wikipedia:Protection' .. ' policy#semi|disabled]]', extendedconfirmed = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is currently under [[Wikipedia:Protection' .. ' policy#extended|extended confirmed protection]]', }, move = { default = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is currently [[Wikipedia:Protection policy#Move' .. ' protection|protected]] from [[Help:Moving a page|page moves]]' }, autoreview = { default = 'All edits made to this ${PAGETYPE} by' .. ' [[Wikipedia:User access levels#New users|new]] or' .. ' [[Wikipedia:User access levels#Unregistered users|unregistered]]' .. ' users are currently' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Pending changes|subject to review]]' }, upload = { default = 'Uploading new versions of this ${PAGETYPE} is currently disabled' } }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Explanation blurbs -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- This table produces the explanation blurbs available with the -- ${EXPLANATIONBLURB} parameter. It is sorted by protection action, -- protection level, and whether the page is a talk page or not. If the page is -- a talk page it will have a talk key of "talk"; otherwise it will have a talk -- key of "subject". The table is checked in the following order: -- 1. page's protection action, page's protection level, page's talk key -- 2. page's protection action, page's protection level, default talk key -- 3. page's protection action, default protection level, page's talk key -- 4. page's protection action, default protection level, default talk key -- -- It is possible to use banner parameters inside this table. -- *required* - this table needs edit, move, autoreview and upload subtables. explanationBlurbs = { edit = { autoconfirmed = { subject = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details. If you' .. ' cannot edit this ${PAGETYPE} and you wish to make a change, you can' .. ' ${EDITREQUEST}, discuss changes on the ${TALKPAGE},' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection' .. '#Current requests for reduction in protection level' .. '|request unprotection]], [[Special:Userlogin|log in]], or' .. ' [[Special:UserLogin/signup|create an account]].', default = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details. If you' .. ' cannot edit this ${PAGETYPE} and you wish to make a change, you can' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection' .. '#Current requests for reduction in protection level' .. '|request unprotection]], [[Special:Userlogin|log in]], or' .. ' [[Special:UserLogin/signup|create an account]].', }, extendedconfirmed = { default = 'Extended confirmed protection prevents edits from all unregistered editors' .. ' and registered users with fewer than 30 days tenure and 500 edits.' .. ' The [[Wikipedia:Protection policy#extended|policy on community use]]' .. ' specifies that extended confirmed protection can be applied to combat' .. ' disruption, if semi-protection has proven to be ineffective.' .. ' Extended confirmed protection may also be applied to enforce' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Arbitration Committee|arbitration sanctions]].' .. ' Please discuss any changes on the ${TALKPAGE}; you may' .. ' ${EDITREQUEST} to ask for uncontroversial changes supported by' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Consensus|consensus]].' }, default = { subject = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.' .. ' Please discuss any changes on the ${TALKPAGE}; you' .. ' may ${EDITREQUEST} to ask an' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]] to make an edit if it' .. ' is [[Help:Minor edit#When to mark an edit as a minor edit' .. '|uncontroversial]] or supported by [[Wikipedia:Consensus' .. '|consensus]]. You may also [[Wikipedia:Requests for' .. ' page protection#Current requests for reduction in protection level' .. '|request]] that this page be unprotected.', default = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.' .. ' You may [[Wikipedia:Requests for page' .. ' protection#Current requests for edits to a protected page|request an' .. ' edit]] to this page, or [[Wikipedia:Requests for' .. ' page protection#Current requests for reduction in protection level' .. '|ask]] for it to be unprotected.' } }, move = { default = { subject = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.' .. ' The page may still be edited but cannot be moved' .. ' until unprotected. Please discuss any suggested moves on the' .. ' ${TALKPAGE} or at [[Wikipedia:Requested moves]]. You can also' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection|request]] that the page be' .. ' unprotected.', default = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.' .. ' The page may still be edited but cannot be moved' .. ' until unprotected. Please discuss any suggested moves at' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requested moves]]. You can also' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection|request]] that the page be' .. ' unprotected.' } }, autoreview = { default = { default = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.' .. ' Edits to this ${PAGETYPE} by new and unregistered users' .. ' will not be visible to readers until they are accepted by' .. ' a reviewer. To avoid the need for your edits to be' .. ' reviewed, you may' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection' .. '#Current requests for reduction in protection level' .. '|request unprotection]], [[Special:Userlogin|log in]], or' .. ' [[Special:UserLogin/signup|create an account]].' }, }, upload = { default = { default = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.' .. ' The page may still be edited but new versions of the file' .. ' cannot be uploaded until it is unprotected. You can' .. ' request that a new version be uploaded by using a' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Edit requests|protected edit request]], or you' .. ' can [[Wikipedia:Requests for page protection|request]]' .. ' that the file be unprotected.' } } }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Protection levels -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- This table provides the data for the ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} parameter, which -- produces a short label for different protection levels. It is sorted by -- protection action and protection level, and is checked in the following -- order: -- 1. page's protection action, page's protection level -- 2. page's protection action, default protection level -- 3. "edit" protection action, default protection level -- -- It is possible to use banner parameters inside this table. -- *required* - this table needs edit, move, autoreview and upload subtables. protectionLevels = { edit = { default = 'protected', templateeditor = 'template-protected', extendedconfirmed = 'extended-confirmed-protected', autoconfirmed = 'semi-protected', }, move = { default = 'move-protected' }, autoreview = { }, upload = { default = 'upload-protected' } }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Images -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- This table lists different padlock images for each protection action and -- protection level. It is used if an image is not specified in any of the -- banner data tables, and if the page does not satisfy the conditions for using -- the ['image-filename-indef'] image. It is checked in the following order: -- 1. page's protection action, page's protection level -- 2. page's protection action, default protection level images = { edit = { default = 'Full-protection-shackle.svg', templateeditor = 'Template-protection-shackle.svg', extendedconfirmed = 'Extended-protection-shackle.svg', autoconfirmed = 'Semi-protection-shackle.svg' }, move = { default = 'Move-protection-shackle.svg', }, autoreview = { default = 'Pending-protection-shackle.svg' }, upload = { default = 'Upload-protection-shackle.svg' } }, -- Pages with a reason specified in this table will show the special "indef" -- padlock, defined in the 'image-filename-indef' message, if no expiry is set. indefImageReasons = { template = true }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Image links -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- This table provides the data for the ${IMAGELINK} parameter, which gets -- the image link for small padlock icons based on the page's protection action -- and protection level. It is checked in the following order: -- 1. page's protection action, page's protection level -- 2. page's protection action, default protection level -- 3. "edit" protection action, default protection level -- -- It is possible to use banner parameters inside this table. -- *required* - this table needs edit, move, autoreview and upload subtables. imageLinks = { edit = { default = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#full', templateeditor = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#template', extendedconfirmed = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#extended', autoconfirmed = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#semi' }, move = { default = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#move' }, autoreview = { default = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#pending' }, upload = { default = 'Wikipedia:Protection policy#upload' } }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Padlock indicator names -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- This table provides the "name" attribute for the <indicator> extension tag -- with which small padlock icons are generated. All indicator tags on a page -- are displayed in alphabetical order based on this attribute, and with -- indicator tags with duplicate names, the last tag on the page wins. -- The attribute is chosen based on the protection action; table keys must be a -- protection action name or the string "default". padlockIndicatorNames = { autoreview = 'pp-autoreview', default = 'pp-default' }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Protection categories -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --[[ -- The protection categories are stored in the protectionCategories table. -- Keys to this table are made up of the following strings: -- -- 1. the expiry date -- 2. the namespace -- 3. the protection reason (e.g. "dispute" or "vandalism") -- 4. the protection level (e.g. "sysop" or "autoconfirmed") -- 5. the action (e.g. "edit" or "move") -- -- When the module looks up a category in the table, first it will will check to -- see a key exists that corresponds to all five parameters. For example, a -- user page semi-protected from vandalism for two weeks would have the key -- "temp-user-vandalism-autoconfirmed-edit". If no match is found, the module -- changes the first part of the key to "all" and checks the table again. It -- keeps checking increasingly generic key combinations until it finds the -- field, or until it reaches the key "all-all-all-all-all". -- -- The module uses a binary matrix to determine the order in which to search. -- This is best demonstrated by a table. In this table, the "0" values -- represent "all", and the "1" values represent the original data (e.g. -- "indef" or "file" or "vandalism"). -- -- expiry namespace reason level action -- order -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 -- 2 0 1 1 1 1 -- 3 1 0 1 1 1 -- 4 0 0 1 1 1 -- 5 1 1 0 1 1 -- 6 0 1 0 1 1 -- 7 1 0 0 1 1 -- 8 0 0 0 1 1 -- 9 1 1 1 0 1 -- 10 0 1 1 0 1 -- 11 1 0 1 0 1 -- 12 0 0 1 0 1 -- 13 1 1 0 0 1 -- 14 0 1 0 0 1 -- 15 1 0 0 0 1 -- 16 0 0 0 0 1 -- 17 1 1 1 1 0 -- 18 0 1 1 1 0 -- 19 1 0 1 1 0 -- 20 0 0 1 1 0 -- 21 1 1 0 1 0 -- 22 0 1 0 1 0 -- 23 1 0 0 1 0 -- 24 0 0 0 1 0 -- 25 1 1 1 0 0 -- 26 0 1 1 0 0 -- 27 1 0 1 0 0 -- 28 0 0 1 0 0 -- 29 1 1 0 0 0 -- 30 0 1 0 0 0 -- 31 1 0 0 0 0 -- 32 0 0 0 0 0 -- -- In this scheme the action has the highest priority, as it is the last -- to change, and the expiry has the least priority, as it changes the most. -- The priorities of the expiry, the protection level and the action are -- fixed, but the priorities of the reason and the namespace can be swapped -- through the use of the cfg.bannerDataNamespaceHasPriority table. --]] -- If the reason specified to the template is listed in this table, -- namespace data will take priority over reason data in the protectionCategories -- table. reasonsWithNamespacePriority = { vandalism = true, }, -- The string to use as a namespace key for the protectionCategories table for each -- namespace number. categoryNamespaceKeys = { [ 2] = 'user', [ 3] = 'user', [ 4] = 'project', [ 6] = 'file', [ 8] = 'mediawiki', [ 10] = 'template', [ 12] = 'project', [ 14] = 'category', [100] = 'portal', [828] = 'module', }, protectionCategories = { ['all|all|all|all|all'] = 'Wikipedia fully protected pages', ['all|all|office|all|all'] = 'Wikipedia Office-protected pages', ['all|all|reset|all|all'] = 'Wikipedia Office-protected pages', ['all|all|dmca|all|all'] = 'Wikipedia Office-protected pages', ['all|all|mainpage|all|all'] = 'Wikipedia fully protected main page files', ['all|all|all|extendedconfirmed|all'] = 'Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages', ['all|all|ecp|extendedconfirmed|all'] = 'Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages', ['all|template|all|all|edit'] = 'Wikipedia fully protected templates', ['all|all|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia semi-protected pages', ['indef|all|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages', ['all|all|blp|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected biographies of living people', ['temp|all|blp|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia temporarily semi-protected biographies of living people', ['all|all|dispute|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia pages semi-protected due to dispute', ['all|all|sock|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia pages semi-protected from banned users', ['all|all|vandalism|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism', ['all|category|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia semi-protected categories', ['all|file|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia semi-protected files', ['all|portal|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia semi-protected portals', ['all|project|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia semi-protected project pages', ['all|talk|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia semi-protected talk pages', ['all|template|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia semi-protected templates', ['all|user|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia semi-protected user and user talk pages', ['all|all|all|templateeditor|move'] = 'Wikipedia template-protected pages other than templates and modules', ['all|all|all|templateeditor|edit'] = 'Wikipedia template-protected pages other than templates and modules', ['all|template|all|templateeditor|edit'] = 'Wikipedia template-protected templates', ['all|template|all|templateeditor|move'] = 'Wikipedia template-protected templates', -- move-protected templates ['all|all|blp|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia indefinitely protected biographies of living people', ['temp|all|blp|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia temporarily protected biographies of living people', ['all|all|dispute|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia pages protected due to dispute', ['all|all|sock|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia pages protected from banned users', ['all|all|vandalism|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia pages protected against vandalism', ['all|category|all|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia fully protected categories', ['all|file|all|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia fully protected files', ['all|project|all|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia fully protected project pages', ['all|talk|all|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia fully protected talk pages', ['all|template|all|extendedconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected templates', ['all|template|all|extendedconfirmed|move'] = 'Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected templates', ['all|template|all|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia fully protected templates', ['all|user|all|sysop|edit'] = 'Wikipedia fully protected user and user talk pages', ['all|module|all|all|edit'] = 'Wikipedia fully protected modules', ['all|module|all|templateeditor|edit'] = 'Wikipedia template-protected modules', ['all|module|all|extendedconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected modules', ['all|module|all|autoconfirmed|edit'] = 'Wikipedia semi-protected modules', ['all|all|all|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia move-protected pages', ['indef|all|all|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages', ['all|all|dispute|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia pages move-protected due to dispute', ['all|all|vandalism|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia pages move-protected due to vandalism', ['all|portal|all|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia move-protected portals', ['all|project|all|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia move-protected project pages', ['all|talk|all|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia move-protected talk pages', ['all|template|all|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia move-protected templates', ['all|user|all|sysop|move'] = 'Wikipedia move-protected user and user talk pages', ['all|all|all|autoconfirmed|autoreview'] = 'Wikipedia pending changes protected pages', ['all|file|all|all|upload'] = 'Wikipedia upload-protected files', }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Expiry category config -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- This table configures the expiry category behaviour for each protection -- action. -- * If set to true, setting that action will always categorise the page if -- an expiry parameter is not set. -- * If set to false, setting that action will never categorise the page. -- * If set to nil, the module will categorise the page if: -- 1) an expiry parameter is not set, and -- 2) a reason is provided, and -- 3) the specified reason is not blacklisted in the reasonsWithoutExpiryCheck -- table. expiryCheckActions = { edit = nil, move = false, autoreview = true, upload = false }, reasonsWithoutExpiryCheck = { blp = true, template = true, }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Pagetypes -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- This table produces the page types available with the ${PAGETYPE} parameter. -- Keys are namespace numbers, or the string "default" for the default value. pagetypes = { [0] = 'article', [6] = 'file', [10] = 'template', [14] = 'category', [828] = 'module', default = 'page' }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Strings marking indefinite protection -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- This table contains values passed to the expiry parameter that mean the page -- is protected indefinitely. indefStrings = { ['indef'] = true, ['indefinite'] = true, ['indefinitely'] = true, ['infinite'] = true, }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Group hierarchy -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- This table maps each group to all groups that have a superset of the original -- group's page editing permissions. hierarchy = { sysop = {}, reviewer = {'sysop'}, filemover = {'sysop'}, templateeditor = {'sysop'}, extendedconfirmed = {'sysop'}, autoconfirmed = {'reviewer', 'filemover', 'templateeditor', 'extendedconfirmed'}, user = {'autoconfirmed'}, ['*'] = {'user'} }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Wrapper templates and their default arguments -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- This table contains wrapper templates used with the module, and their -- default arguments. Templates specified in this table should contain the -- following invocation, and no other template content: -- -- {{#invoke:Protection banner|main}} -- -- If other content is desired, it can be added between -- <noinclude>...</noinclude> tags. -- -- When a user calls one of these wrapper templates, they will use the -- default arguments automatically. However, users can override any of the -- arguments. wrappers = { ['Template:Protected page'] = {}, ['Template:Extended confirmed–protected'] = {'ecp'}, ['Template:Protected biography of a living person'] = {'blp'}, ['Template:Protected due to a dispute'] = {'dispute'}, ['Template:Move-protected'] = {action = 'move', catonly = 'yes'}, ['Template:Move-protected due to a dispute'] = {'dispute', action = 'move', catonly = 'yes'}, ['Template:Move-protected due to vandalism'] = {'vandalism', action = 'move', catonly = 'yes'}, ['Template:Office-protected'] = {'office'}, ['Template:Pending changes–protected'] = {action = 'autoreview', small = true}, ['Template:Semi-protected indefinitely'] = {small = true}, ['Template:Protected due to sockpuppetry'] = {'sock'}, ['Template:Template-protected'] = {'template', small = true}, ['Template:Upload-protected'] = {action = 'upload'}, ['Template:Protected talk page of a blocked user'] = {'usertalk'}, ['Template:Protected due to vandalism'] = {'vandalism'}, }, -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- -- MESSAGES -- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- msg = { -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Intro blurb and intro fragment -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- These messages specify what is produced by the ${INTROBLURB} and -- ${INTROFRAGMENT} parameters. If the protection is temporary they use the -- intro-blurb-expiry or intro-fragment-expiry, and if not they use -- intro-blurb-noexpiry or intro-fragment-noexpiry. -- It is possible to use banner parameters in these messages. ['intro-blurb-expiry'] = '${PROTECTIONBLURB} until ${EXPIRY}.', ['intro-blurb-noexpiry'] = '${PROTECTIONBLURB}.', ['intro-fragment-expiry'] = '${PROTECTIONBLURB} until ${EXPIRY},', ['intro-fragment-noexpiry'] = '${PROTECTIONBLURB}', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Tooltip blurb -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- These messages specify what is produced by the ${TOOLTIPBLURB} parameter. -- If the protection is temporary the tooltip-blurb-expiry message is used, and -- if not the tooltip-blurb-noexpiry message is used. -- It is possible to use banner parameters in these messages. ['tooltip-blurb-expiry'] = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} until ${EXPIRY}.', ['tooltip-blurb-noexpiry'] = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}.', ['tooltip-fragment-expiry'] = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is ${PROTECTIONLEVEL} until ${EXPIRY},', ['tooltip-fragment-noexpiry'] = 'This ${PAGETYPE} is ${PROTECTIONLEVEL}', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Special explanation blurb -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- An explanation blurb for pages that cannot be unprotected, e.g. for pages -- in the MediaWiki namespace. -- It is possible to use banner parameters in this message. ['explanation-blurb-nounprotect'] = 'See the [[Wikipedia:Protection policy|' .. 'protection policy]] and ${PROTECTIONLOG} for more details.' .. ' Please discuss any changes on the ${TALKPAGE}; you' .. ' may ${EDITREQUEST} to ask an' .. ' [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]] to make an edit if it' .. ' is [[Help:Minor edit#When to mark an edit as a minor edit' .. '|uncontroversial]] or supported by [[Wikipedia:Consensus' .. '|consensus]].', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Protection log display values -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- These messages determine the display values for the protection log link -- or the pending changes log link produced by the ${PROTECTIONLOG} parameter. -- It is possible to use banner parameters in these messages. ['protection-log-display'] = 'protection log', ['pc-log-display'] = 'pending changes log', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Current version display values -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- These messages determine the display values for the page history link -- or the move log link produced by the ${CURRENTVERSION} parameter. -- It is possible to use banner parameters in these messages. ['current-version-move-display'] = 'current title', ['current-version-edit-display'] = 'current version', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Talk page -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- This message determines the display value of the talk page link produced -- with the ${TALKPAGE} parameter. -- It is possible to use banner parameters in this message. ['talk-page-link-display'] = 'talk page', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Edit requests -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- This message determines the display value of the edit request link produced -- with the ${EDITREQUEST} parameter. -- It is possible to use banner parameters in this message. ['edit-request-display'] = 'submit an edit request', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Expiry date format -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- This is the format for the blurb expiry date. It should be valid input for -- the first parameter of the #time parser function. ['expiry-date-format'] = 'F j, Y "at" H:i e', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Tracking categories -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- These messages determine which tracking categories the module outputs. ['tracking-category-incorrect'] = 'Wikipedia pages with incorrect protection templates', ['tracking-category-template'] = 'Wikipedia template-protected pages other than templates and modules', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Images -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- These are images that are not defined by their protection action and protection level. ['image-filename-indef'] = 'Full-protection-shackle.svg', ['image-filename-default'] = 'Transparent.gif', -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- End messages -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- } -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- End configuration -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- } pj6zo6l44p4bk4pwax9tlbkyf7cpx34 Category:Ebivuga by'e Ghana 14 15751 74336 2026-09-09T17:19:11Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 74336 wikitext text/x-wiki Bino bye bivuga by'e Ghana. 17m7sdfmxy38kkcfn2ttjwbk1hvw04y Category:Ennyimba z'e Mozambique 14 15752 74337 2026-09-09T17:19:53Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 74337 wikitext text/x-wiki Zino z'ennyimba z'e Mozambique. bu82yeayvgin69sr7tqeochuo2984cf Category:Ebivuga bya Uganda 14 15753 74338 2026-09-09T17:20:25Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 74338 wikitext text/x-wiki Bibo by'ebivuga bya Uganda. nrf8lnm9y8c0rulojpu8sfp7wyx4zt8 Category:Ebivuga bya Zambia 14 15754 74339 2026-09-09T17:21:24Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 74339 wikitext text/x-wiki bino by'ebivuga bya Zambia. qf19yhw7gycwecxz6mbsr8k840re32i Category:Ebivuga by'omu bivvulu ne mu bbandi 14 15755 74340 2026-09-09T17:22:11Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Added a description 74340 wikitext text/x-wiki Bino by'ebivuga by'omu bivvulu ne mu bbandi. op4xj7xlw89nd53v7j4xvp0m7l75bns Ekisaawe ky'ennyonyi eky'Entebbe 0 15756 74341 2026-09-09T17:44:09Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369509896|Entebbe International Airport]]" 74341 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Ekisaawe ky'ennyonyi eky'Entebbe''' ( kye kisaawe ky'ennyonyi kyokka eky'ensi yonna mu [[Uganda]]. Kisangibwa kiromita 6 ( mayiro 3.7 ) mu bukiikaddyo bw’obugwanjuba bw’ekibuga [[Entebbe]], ku bukiikakkono bw'olubalama [[Nnalubaale|lw’ennyanja Victoria]]. Kino kiweza kiromita 40 (25 mi) ku luguudo oluva mu bukiikaddyo bw’amaserengeta g’ekitundu ky’ebyobusuubuzi wakati mu [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda. Ekitebe ky’ekitongole ky’ennyonyi ekya Civil Aviation Authority of Uganda ekikulu kikyusiddwa ne kitwalibwa mu kifo ekipya okuva ku luguudo olukulu olw’ekisaawe ky’ennyonyi ( [[Entebbe–Kampala Expressway]] ne Tunnel Road), kyokka nga kiriraanye ebifo ebisimbye mu kisaawe ky’ennyonyi. [[Category:Entebbe]] ngir5tz76e9ru4ry8y0mz2ugl1kxyx7 74342 74341 2026-09-09T17:44:44Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369509896|Entebbe International Airport]]" 74342 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Ekisaawe ky'ennyonyi eky'Entebbe''' ( kye kisaawe ky'ennyonyi kyokka eky'ensi yonna mu [[Uganda]]. Kisangibwa kiromita 6 ( mayiro 3.7 ) mu bukiikaddyo bw’obugwanjuba bw’ekibuga [[Entebbe]], ku bukiikakkono bw'olubalama [[Nnalubaale|lw’ennyanja Victoria]]. Kino kiweza kiromita 40 (25 mi) ku luguudo oluva mu bukiikaddyo bw’amaserengeta g’ekitundu ky’ebyobusuubuzi wakati mu [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda. Ekitebe ky’ekitongole ky’ennyonyi ekya Civil Aviation Authority of Uganda ekikulu kikyusiddwa ne kitwalibwa mu kifo ekipya okuva ku luguudo olukulu olw’ekisaawe ky’ennyonyi ( [[Entebbe–Kampala Expressway]] ne Tunnel Road), kyokka nga kiriraanye ebifo ebisimbye mu kisaawe ky’ennyonyi. == Ebyafaayo byakyo == [[Category:Entebbe]] 3fs890h1rjixwj7cvb8zq19lfyn9u3o 74351 74342 2026-09-09T17:52:33Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369509896|Entebbe International Airport]]" 74351 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Ekisaawe ky'ennyonyi eky'Entebbe''' ( kye kisaawe ky'ennyonyi kyokka eky'ensi yonna mu [[Uganda]]. Kisangibwa kiromita 6 ( mayiro 3.7 ) mu bukiikaddyo bw’obugwanjuba bw’ekibuga [[Entebbe]], ku bukiikakkono bw'olubalama [[Nnalubaale|lw’ennyanja Victoria]]. Kino kiweza kiromita 40 (25 mi) ku luguudo oluva mu bukiikaddyo bw’amaserengeta g’ekitundu ky’ebyobusuubuzi wakati mu [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda. Ekitebe ky’ekitongole ky’ennyonyi ekya Civil Aviation Authority of Uganda ekikulu kikyusiddwa ne kitwalibwa mu kifo ekipya okuva ku luguudo olukulu olw’ekisaawe ky’ennyonyi ( [[Entebbe–Kampala Expressway]] ne Tunnel Road), kyokka nga kiriraanye ebifo ebisimbye mu kisaawe ky’ennyonyi. == Ebyafaayo byakyo == [[File:Uganda._Entebbe._Plane_landed_on_aerodrome_LOC_matpc.17429_(cropped).jpg|left|thumb| A Handley Olupapula HP42 olwa Imperial Airways e Entebbe, 1936]] [[Category:Entebbe]] pqv272gsml1rxjxlvk4dsx43i01vxsy 74362 74351 2026-09-09T18:03:02Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369509896|Entebbe International Airport]]" 74362 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Ekisaawe ky'ennyonyi eky'Entebbe''' ( kye kisaawe ky'ennyonyi kyokka eky'ensi yonna mu [[Uganda]]. Kisangibwa kiromita 6 ( mayiro 3.7 ) mu bukiikaddyo bw’obugwanjuba bw’ekibuga [[Entebbe]], ku bukiikakkono bw'olubalama [[Nnalubaale|lw’ennyanja Victoria]]. Kino kiweza kiromita 40 (25 mi) ku luguudo oluva mu bukiikaddyo bw’amaserengeta g’ekitundu ky’ebyobusuubuzi wakati mu [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda. Ekitebe ky’ekitongole ky’ennyonyi ekya Civil Aviation Authority of Uganda ekikulu kikyusiddwa ne kitwalibwa mu kifo ekipya okuva ku luguudo olukulu olw’ekisaawe ky’ennyonyi ( [[Entebbe–Kampala Expressway]] ne Tunnel Road), kyokka nga kiriraanye ebifo ebisimbye mu kisaawe ky’ennyonyi. == Ebyafaayo byakyo == [[File:Uganda._Entebbe._Plane_landed_on_aerodrome_LOC_matpc.17429_(cropped).jpg|left|thumb| A Handley Olupapula HP42 olwa Imperial Airways e Entebbe, 1936]] Ekisaawe kino kyaggulwawo abakulu b'amatwale ga Bungereza. Okusinziira ku mukutu gwa Uganda Civil Aviation Authority, olw’okubeera ekisaawe kino ku [[Nnalubaale|nnyanja Victoria]] n’ebifo ebiriwo, gavumenti y’amatwale yasalawo nti ekifo ekisinga okunyumira entambula y’ennyonyi kyali Entebbe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Entebbe International Airport |url=https://caa.go.ug/about-entebbe-international-airport/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601025935/https://caa.go.ug/about-entebbe-international-airport/ |archive-date=1 June 2023 |access-date=21 May 2023 |publisher=[[Uganda Civil Aviation Authority]]}}</ref> [[Category:Entebbe]] ac6ty27bbeedqiajmtyu9l3mxe8eujl 74363 74362 2026-09-09T18:07:44Z NKINZIK MARIE 7432 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369509896|Entebbe International Airport]]" 74363 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Ekisaawe ky'ennyonyi eky'Entebbe''' ( kye kisaawe ky'ennyonyi kyokka eky'ensi yonna mu [[Uganda]]. Kisangibwa kiromita 6 ( mayiro 3.7 ) mu bukiikaddyo bw’obugwanjuba bw’ekibuga [[Entebbe]], ku bukiikakkono bw'olubalama [[Nnalubaale|lw’ennyanja Victoria]]. Kino kiweza kiromita 40 (25 mi) ku luguudo oluva mu bukiikaddyo bw’amaserengeta g’ekitundu ky’ebyobusuubuzi wakati mu [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda. Ekitebe ky’ekitongole ky’ennyonyi ekya Civil Aviation Authority of Uganda ekikulu kikyusiddwa ne kitwalibwa mu kifo ekipya okuva ku luguudo olukulu olw’ekisaawe ky’ennyonyi ( [[Entebbe–Kampala Expressway]] ne Tunnel Road), kyokka nga kiriraanye ebifo ebisimbye mu kisaawe ky’ennyonyi. == Ebyafaayo byakyo == [[File:Uganda._Entebbe._Plane_landed_on_aerodrome_LOC_matpc.17429_(cropped).jpg|left|thumb| A Handley Olupapula HP42 olwa Imperial Airways e Entebbe, 1936]] Ekisaawe kino kyaggulwawo abakulu b'amatwale ga Bungereza. Okusinziira ku mukutu gwa Uganda Civil Aviation Authority, olw’okubeera ekisaawe kino ku [[Nnalubaale|nnyanja Victoria]] n’ebifo ebiriwo, gavumenti y’amatwale yasalawo nti ekifo ekisinga okunyumira entambula y’ennyonyi kyali Entebbe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Entebbe International Airport |url=https://caa.go.ug/about-entebbe-international-airport/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601025935/https://caa.go.ug/about-entebbe-international-airport/ |archive-date=1 June 2023 |access-date=21 May 2023 |publisher=[[Uganda Civil Aviation Authority]]}}</ref> Nga 10 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1951, ekisaawe kyaggulwawo mu butongole oluvannyuma lw’okugaziya ebifo byakyo. Runway 12/30 kati yali ffuuti 9,900 (mayiro 3,000), nga beetegekera obuweereza obukolebwa de Havilland Comet.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Movietone |date=10 December 1951 |title=Africa's Largest Airport |url=http://www.movietone.com/N_search.cfm?ActionFlag=back2ResultsView&start=1&pageStart=1&totalRecords=1&V_DateType=3&V_DECADE=1929&V_FromYear=1928&V_QualifySubject=&V_storyNumber=&V_TermsToOmit=&V_ToYear=1980&V_searchType=1&V_MainSubject=Entebbe&V_Year=1951&V_resultsPerPage=30 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123035304/http://www.movietone.com/N_search.cfm?ActionFlag=back2ResultsView&start=1&pageStart=1&totalRecords=1&V_DateType=3&V_DECADE=1929&V_FromYear=1928&V_QualifySubject=&V_storyNumber=&V_TermsToOmit=&V_ToYear=1980&V_searchType=1&V_MainSubject=Entebbe&V_Year=1951&V_resultsPerPage=30 |archive-date=23 November 2015 |access-date=10 June 2018 |publisher=Movietone.com |format=Archived from the Original}}</ref> Ekizimbe ekipya ekikulu eky’ekisaawe kino kyakolebwa omukubi w’ebifaananyi Omuyugoslav Montenegro Aleksandar Keković era ne kizimbibwa kkampuni ya Energoprojekt holding mu kiseera kya 1972-1973. [[Category:Entebbe]] 2x3x9dktm85l4lyp3ls0qbqc24im3g8 Category:Wooteri ezatekebwawo mu 2006 14 15757 74377 2026-09-10T04:46:40Z ESTHER NAKITENDE 9175 Created page with "zino ziba wooteri ezazimbibwa mu 2006" 74377 wikitext text/x-wiki zino ziba wooteri ezazimbibwa mu 2006 k6zmhn4m2as0f9mdzhhrdawtg4t2i04 Category:Wooteri eziri mu kampala 14 15758 74378 2026-09-10T04:47:32Z ESTHER NAKITENDE 9175 Created page with "zino woooteri zona ezisangibwa mu kampala" 74378 wikitext text/x-wiki zino woooteri zona ezisangibwa mu kampala ezeexskzbvtltrl0g6yhkr8cca1ccvs Template:The Leading Hotels of the World 10 15759 74379 2026-09-10T04:48:30Z ESTHER NAKITENDE 9175 Created page with "Big hotels in uganda" 74379 wikitext text/x-wiki Big hotels in uganda o4d2pdxxfgzfzq3kmor5rmzife0szsa Aga Khan Development Network 0 15760 74380 2026-09-10T04:49:29Z ESTHER NAKITENDE 9175 Created page with "Kino kibiina" 74380 wikitext text/x-wiki Kino kibiina 3i7ff5czi2urokpapp2zwt0ygbtdqmg New Vision 0 15761 74381 2026-09-10T04:50:06Z ESTHER NAKITENDE 9175 Created page with "Luno lupapula lwa mawulire" 74381 wikitext text/x-wiki Luno lupapula lwa mawulire 6q9mcqn77v4wsvehclmhw52zh78u3et Serena Hotels 0 15762 74382 2026-09-10T04:51:05Z ESTHER NAKITENDE 9175 Created page with "Wooteri eziyitibwa serena ezenjawulo" 74382 wikitext text/x-wiki Wooteri eziyitibwa serena ezenjawulo 8y693cj8tkrizjqj9o8g0wvoerz4vnl Grand Imperial Hotel 0 15763 74389 2026-09-10T05:38:58Z ESTHER NAKITENDE 9175 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344548038|Grand Imperial Hotel]]" 74389 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Grand Imperial Hotel''' eri mu [[Kampala]] ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu [[Uganda]]. Grand Imperial y’emu ku wooteeri ezaasookeraddala okuzimbibwa mu Uganda ey’amatwale ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa eky’amakumi abiri. Eriko ebisenge by’abagenyi 103, ekidiba ekiwugirwamu, ekifo aw'okulira emmere bibiri, ebbaala bbiri, ekifo eky’amaduuka, ne jjiimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=UHOA |title=Kampala Hotels: Grand Imperial Hotel |url=http://www.hotels-uganda.org/en/index.php/members/kampala/6-members/central-kampala/38-grand-imperial-hotel |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714205245/http://www.hotels-uganda.org/en/index.php/members/kampala/6-members/central-kampala/38-grand-imperial-hotel |archive-date=14 July 2014 |access-date=12 July 2014 |publisher=Uganda Hotel Owners' Association (UHOA)}}</ref> Wooteeri eno esangibwa ku luguudo lwa Speke, ku [[Nakasero kasozi|Nakasero Hill]], wakati mu kitundu kya Kampala ekiddukanya bizinensi. Ebifo ebiriraanyewo mulimu East African Development Bank, [[Bank of Uganda]], [[Sheraton Kampala Hotel|Kampala Sheraton Hotel]], n'ekitebe kya Standard Chartered Bank mu Uganda. Wooteeri eno eri mu kibiina kya Imperial Hotels Group ekirina wooteeri ssatu mu Kampala ate ssatu e [[Entebbe]]. == Ebiwandiiko ebikozeseddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100606234449/http://www.imperialhotels.co.ug/grandimperialoverview.html Omukutu gwa Hotel Homepage] * Overview at Hotelsinuganda.com [[Category:Wooteri mu kampala]] [[Category:Wooteri ezazimbibwa mu 1920]] 3fwt6drv66fdwi71vure8mc7uyxt2v9 74390 74389 2026-09-10T05:41:15Z ESTHER NAKITENDE 9175 ntaddeko databox 74390 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} '''Grand Imperial Hotel''' eri mu [[Kampala]] ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu [[Uganda]]. Grand Imperial y’emu ku wooteeri ezaasookeraddala okuzimbibwa mu Uganda ey’amatwale ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa eky’amakumi abiri. Eriko ebisenge by’abagenyi 103, ekidiba ekiwugirwamu, ekifo aw'okulira emmere bibiri, ebbaala bbiri, ekifo eky’amaduuka, ne jjiimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=UHOA |title=Kampala Hotels: Grand Imperial Hotel |url=http://www.hotels-uganda.org/en/index.php/members/kampala/6-members/central-kampala/38-grand-imperial-hotel |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714205245/http://www.hotels-uganda.org/en/index.php/members/kampala/6-members/central-kampala/38-grand-imperial-hotel |archive-date=14 July 2014 |access-date=12 July 2014 |publisher=Uganda Hotel Owners' Association (UHOA)}}</ref> Wooteeri eno esangibwa ku luguudo lwa Speke, ku [[Nakasero kasozi|Nakasero Hill]], wakati mu kitundu kya Kampala ekiddukanya bizinensi. Ebifo ebiriraanyewo mulimu East African Development Bank, [[Bank of Uganda]], [[Sheraton Kampala Hotel|Kampala Sheraton Hotel]], n'ekitebe kya Standard Chartered Bank mu Uganda. Wooteeri eno eri mu kibiina kya Imperial Hotels Group ekirina wooteeri ssatu mu Kampala ate ssatu e [[Entebbe]]. == Ebiwandiiko ebikozeseddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100606234449/http://www.imperialhotels.co.ug/grandimperialoverview.html Omukutu gwa Hotel Homepage] * Overview at Hotelsinuganda.com [[Category:Wooteri mu kampala]] [[Category:Wooteri ezazimbibwa mu 1920]] h5xdm85i412m0a43laqhrxd9obyxfk6 Category:Wooteri ezazimbibwa mu 1920 14 15764 74391 2026-09-10T05:42:41Z ESTHER NAKITENDE 9175 Created page with "zino Wooteri ezazimbibwa mu 1920" 74391 wikitext text/x-wiki zino Wooteri ezazimbibwa mu 1920 kw7h62e830q298kfkouyy41syzvg0dl