Wikipedia lgwiki https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olupapula_Olusooka MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.21 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Kenya 0 2997 75281 74374 2026-09-25T02:41:03Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75281 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Kenya''', mu butongole Republic of Kenya,[b] nsi esangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. N’omuwendo gw’abantu abateeberezebwa okuba nga basukka mu bukadde 53.3 mu makkati ga 2025,<ref>{{cite web |date=2021-12-23 |title=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics - Kenya's Top Data Site |url=https://www.knbs.or.ke/ |access-date=2025-01-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> Kenya ekwata kifo kya 27 mu mawanga agasinga abantu abangi mu nsi yonna ate mu Afirika ekwata kya musanvu. Ekibuga ekikulu era ekisinga obunene mu Kenya ye Nairobi. Ekibuga eky’okubiri mu bunene era ekisinga obukadde mu Kenya ye Mombasa, ekibuga ky’omwalo ekisangibwa ku kizinga kya Mombasa. Ebibuga ebirala ebikulu mu Kenya mulimu Kisumu, Nakuru ne Eldoret. Ng'odda ku kkono, Kenya eriraanye South Sudan mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Ethiopia mu Bukiikakkono, Somalia mu Buvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba, Tanzania mu Bukiikakkonobwobuggwanjuba, n'Ennyanja Nnalubaale eya Uganda mu Bugwanjuba. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omu nsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Mu bitundu ebirala mulimu ebyafaayo by'ekyeya, ekyeya, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Ebyafaayo byayo, embeera y'obudde n'abantu byawukana. Mu masaza agali mu kiwonvu kya Rift Valley, ebyafaayo birimu obunnyogovu, ensozi ezirimu omuzira (nga Batian, Nelion, ne Point Lenana ku Lusozi Kenya) nga ziriraanye ebibira, ebisolo by'omunsiko, n'ebitundu by'obulimi n'obulunzi mu mbeera y'obudde ey'ekigero. Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya mwalimu abamu ku bantu abaasooka okuva mu bajjajja baabwe ab'ekika kya Homo. Obujulizi bungi obw'ebisigalira by'ebintu ebyo ebikwata ku byafaayo by'obulamu bw'abantu buzuuliddwa mu Koobi Fora. Oluvannyuma, Kenya yabeeramu abayizzi era nga bano be baasooka okubeera mu Kenya ng'abantu ba Hadza mu kaseera kano.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=African Hunter-Gatherers: Survival, History and Politics of Identity |url=https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104052710/https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/68396/1/ASM_S_26_257.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2018 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The East African Bushmen |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200619/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271694891_The_Myth_of_the_East_African_%27Bushmen%27 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=2021-10-18 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza kw'ebyafaayo ebikwata ku bintu ebyakozesebwanga n'ebisigalira by'amagumba, aboogezi b'Olucusha be baasooka okubeera mu kitundu kino eky'ettale wakati w'omwaka gwa 3,200 ne 1,300 BC, ekiseera ekimanyiddwa nga Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic. Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic (abazadde b'aboogezi b'Olunilotic mu Kenya) baatandika okuva mu South Sudan ey'omu kiseera kino okudda mu Kenya awo nga mu mwaka gwa 500 BC.<ref name="EhretCHS">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera ennimi ez’ekibantu baasenga ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ne mu bitundu by’omunda wakati w’omwaka 250 BC ne 500 AD.<ref>{{cite web |title=Wonders Of The African World |url=http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019091759/http://www.pbs.org/wonders/Episodes/Epi2/swahi_2.htm |archive-date=19 October 2019 |access-date=18 October 2021 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Okukwatagana kw’Abazungu kwatandika mu 1500 AD n’Obwakabaka bwa Portugal, era okufuga Kenya okw’omulembe kwatandika mu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okulambula kw’Abazungu mu Afirika. Kenya ey’omulembe yava mu bukulembeze bwa matwaale, obwatandikibwawo Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza mu 1895, era Kenya ey'etwaale yatandiika mu 1920. Mombasa kye kyali ekibuga eky'etwaale ly'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza.<ref>{{cite web |date=2025-01-10 |title=Mombasa {{!}} History, Map, Location, Population, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mombasa |access-date=2025-01-11 |website=www.britannica.com}}</ref> nga mulimu ebisinga obungi ku ebyo ebiri mu Kenya leero ne mu BukiikaddyobwObugwanjuba bwa Somalia, okuva mu 1889 okutuuka mu 1907. Obutakkaanya wakati wa Bungereza n'ekitundu ekyo kyaviirako okutandikawo ekibiina kya Mau Mau, ekyatandika mu 1952, era n'okulangirira obwetwaze bwa Kenya mu 1963. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yasigala nga memba mu Commonwealth of Nations. Kenya ggwanga elikulemberwa Pulezidenti ng'ono alondebwa bulondebwa saako n'ababaka abalondebwa okukiikirira abantu era pulezidenti y'akulira gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2007 |title=Victorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Table of ContentsVictorian Electronic Democracy – Final Report – Glossary |url=http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071213045132/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/SARC/E-Democracy/Final_Report/Glossary.htm |archive-date=13 December 2007 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba mu bitongole eby'enjawulo ebiwerako nga eky'amawanga amagatte ekya United Nations, Commonwealth, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, COMESA, International Criminal Court, awamu ne bitongole ebirala bingi eby’ensi yonna. Era lye limu ku mawanga agasinga obunene mu East ne Central Africa, nga Nairobi ekola ng’ekibuga ekikulu eky’obusuubuzi mu kitundu.<ref name="largest-economy">{{cite news|url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/2045350/africa-richest-country-kenya-overtake-ethiopia|title=One of Africa's 'richest' countries set to be overtaken by neighbour - £12bn more|work=Express|date=27 April 2025|accessdate=29 April 2025|author=Robinson, Rebecca}}</ref> Nga buli muntu alina ebyenfuna bya ddoola 2,110,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) – Kenya |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KE&year_high_desc=true |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=worldbank.org |publisher=World Bank |archive-date=18 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250918234851/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD?locations=KE&year_high_desc=true |url-status=dead }}</ref> eggwanga liri mu byenfuna bya wansi. Obulimi n'obulunzi bye bisinga okuwagira eby'enfuna by'eggwanga; eby'okunywa nga kyayi ne kaawa bye birime eby'ennono eby'okutunda, so ng'ate ebimuli byo byeisinga okukula naddala mu kubitunda ebweru w'eggwanga. Ekitongole ky'obuweereza, naddala eby'obulambuzi, nakyo kimu ku bintu ebisinga okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna by'eggwanga. Kenya mmemba mu East African Community trade bloc,<ref>{{cite web |title=East African Community |url=https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224100426/https://www.eala.org/uploads/The_Treaty_for_the_Establishment_of_the_East_Africa_Community_2006_1999.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eala.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=East African Federation |url=https://www.eac.int/political-federation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231215003829/https://www.eac.int/political-federation |archive-date=15 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=eac.int}}</ref> wadde ng'ebitongole ebimu eby'ensi yonna ebikola ku by'obusuubuzi bigitwala ng'emu ku nsi eziri mu Greater Horn of Africa.<ref>Maxwell, Daniel, and Ben Watkins. "Humanitarian information systems and emergencies in the Greater Horn of Africa: logical components and logical linkages." Disasters 27.1 (2003): 72–90.</ref> Afirika ye katale akaasinga obunene mu Kenya, nga kakulembeddwamu Omukago gwa Bulaaya.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mwangi S. Kimenyi |last2=Francis M. Mwega |last3=Njuguna S. Ndung'u |date=May 2016 |title=The African Lions: Kenya country case study |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527210738/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2016/05/16-kenya-country-case-study/kenya-country-case.pdf |archive-date=27 May 2016 |access-date=23 May 2016 |publisher=The Brookings Institution}}</ref> == Ennyanjula == Republic of Kenya erinnya lyayo liva ku lusozi Kenya. Erinnya eryasooka okuwandiikibwa mu kyasa kya 19 lyali "Kĩ-Nyaa" oba "Kĩlĩma- Kĩinyaa", ob'olyawo kubanga enkula y'olwazi oluddugavu n'omuzira ku ntikko zaalwo zaamujjukiza ebyoya bya maaya ensajja.<ref name="sullivan">{{cite book |last=Sullivan |first=Paul |year=2006 |title=Kikuyu Districts |publisher=Mkuki na Nyota Publishers |location=Dar es Salaam, Tanzania}}</ref> Mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu olw'edda, ekigambo 'nyaga' oba nga bwe kitera okukozesebwa 'manyaganyaga' kikozesebwa okunnyonnyola ekintu ekyaka ennyo. Abagikuyu, ababeera mu bisulo bya Mt. Kenya, bakiyita Kĩrĩma Kĩrĩnyaga (mu bujjuvu 'olusozi olwaka ennyo') mu lulimi lw'Abakikuyu, so ng'ate Abembu bakiyita "Ki-nyaga" oba Kirima Kinyaga. Amannya gano gonna gasatu galina amakulu ge gamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526191351/http://www.kenyaembassy.com/aboutkenyahistory.html |archive-date=26 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016}}</ref> Ludwig Krapf yawandiika erinnya nga Kenia ne Kegnia.<ref name="Krapf">{{cite book |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |year=1860 |title=Travels, Researches, and Missionary Labours in Eastern Africa |publisher=Frank Cass & Co. Ltd |location=London}}</ref><ref name="krapf_452">{{cite journal |last=Krapf |first=Johann Ludwig |author-link=Johann Ludwig Krapf |date=13 May 1850 |title=Extract from Krapf's diary |journal=Church Missionary Intelligencer |volume=i |page=452}}</ref><ref name="foottit">{{Cite book |last=Foottit |first=Claire |year=2006 |title=Kenya |url=https://archive.org/details/kenya0000foot |publisher=Bradt Travel Guides Ltd |isbn=978-1-84162-066-4 |series=The Brade Travel Guide |orig-year=2004}}</ref> Abamu bagambye nti kino kyali kiwandiiko ekituufu eky’eddoboozi lya Afirika /ˈkɛnjə/.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ratcliffe, B. J. |date=January 1943 |title=The Spelling of Kenya |journal=Journal of the Royal African Society |volume=42 |issue=166 |pages=42–44 |jstor=717465}}</ref> Mmaapu eyakubibwa mu 1882 nga yakubibwa Joseph Thompsons, munnassaayansi Omusikooti era omunoonyereza ku butonde, yalaga Mt. Kenya nga Mt. Kenia. Erinnya ly'olusozi ly'akkirizibwa, pars pro toto, ng'erinnya ly'eggwanga. Teryakozesebwa nnyo mu biseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale, eggwanga bwe lyali liyitibwa East African Protectorate. Erinnya ly'eggwanga lyakyusibwa ne lifuuka Ettwaale lya Kenya mu 1920. == Ebyafaayo == '''Ebyafaayo aby'edda''' Ebika bya Hominid, gamba nga Homo habilis (fl. 1.8 okutuuka ku myaka obukadde 2.5 emabega) ne Homo erectus (fl. obukadde 1.9 okutuuka ku myaka 350,000 emabega), oboolyawo bajjajja ba Homo sapiens ow'omulembe guno, baali babeera mu Kenya mu kiseera kya Pleistocene.<ref name="Isaac">{{Cite book |last=Glynn Llywelyn Isaac |first=Barbara Isaac |year=1977 |title=Olorgesailie: archeological studies of a Middle Pleistocene lake basin in Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-38483-2 |page=xiii |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415094804/https://books.google.com/books?id=qwEoAQAAMAAJ&pg=PAxiii |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> East Africa, omuli ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebisinga okuba eby'edda gye balowooza nti abantu ab'omulembe guno (Homo sapiens) baabeeranga. Mu 1984, mu kiseera ky'okuziikuula eby'edda ku Nnyanja Turkana, munnabyafaayo Richard Leakey, ng'ayambibwako Kamoya Kimeu, yazuula Omulenzi w'e Turkana, ekiwuduwudu kya Homo erectus eky'emyaka obukadde 1.6. East Africa, nga mw'otwalidde ne Kenya, y'emu ku bitundu ebyasooka abantu ab'omulembe (Homo sapiens) gye bateebereza okuba nga baabeerangamu. Obujulizi obulala obukwata ku byafaayo bya Kenya eby'edda byazuulibwa mu 2018, nga muno mwe muli okweyoleka kw'ebikolwa eby'omulembe, omuli okusuubulagana okw'ewala (okwali kuzingiramu ebyamaguzi nga obsidian), okukozesa langi ez'enjawulo, era oboolyawo n'okukola obusaale obukubibwa, emyaka nga 320,000 egiyise. Abawandiisi b'okunoonyereza kwa mirundi esatu okwakolebwa mu 2018 ku kifo kino bagamba nti ebikolwa eby’ekikugu era eby’omulembe byali byatandika dda mu Afirika awo nga mu kiseera eky’okweyoleka kwa Homo sapiens.<ref name="NPR-593591796">{{Cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Rhitu|author-link=Rhitu Chatterjee|date=15 March 2018|title=Scientists Are Amazed By Stone Age Tools They Dug Up In Kenya|work=[[NPR]]|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180315193655/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/03/15/593591796/scientists-are-amazed-by-stone-age-tools-they-dug-up-in-kenya|archive-date=15 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="The Atlantic-555674">{{Cite news|last=Yong|first=Ed|author-link=Ed Yong|date=15 March 2018|title=A Cultural Leap at the Dawn of Humanity – New finds from Kenya suggest that humans used long-distance trade networks, sophisticated tools, and symbolic pigments right from the dawn of our species.|work=[[The Atlantic]]|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|url-status=live|access-date=15 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117002023/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2018/03/a-deeper-origin-of-complex-human-cultures/555674/|archive-date=17 November 2020}}</ref><ref name="Brooks">{{Cite journal |vauthors=Brooks AS, Yellen JE, Potts R, Behrensmeyer AK, Deino AL, Leslie DE, Ambrose SH, Ferguson JR, d'Errico F, Zipkin AM, Whittaker S, Post J, Veatch EG, Foecke K, Clark JB |year=2018 |title=Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age |journal=Science |volume=360 |issue=6384 |pages=90–94 |bibcode=2018Sci...360...90B |doi=10.1126/science.aao2646 |issn=0036-8075 |pmid=29545508 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abantu abaasooka okubeera mu Kenya eya leero baali bajjajja abayizzi era abakunguzi, abafaanana n’aboogera Olukhoisan olw’omulembe guno. Oluvannyuma beegattibwako abayizzi era abakunguzi ab’omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotic, gamba nga Abaogiek, abaateekawo enkolagana ey’amaanyi era ey’obuwangwa mu bibira by’omu nsozi ebbanga ddene nga abantu abalala abasenguka tebannatuuka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Survival |title=Ogiek |url=https://www.survivalinternational.org/peoples/ogiek |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=www.survivalinternational.org |language=en}}</ref><ref name="EhretC18">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abantu bano oluvannyuma baasikizibwa abalimi era abalunzi abava mu Cushitic (abazadde b'abo aboogera Olucushitic mu Kenya), abaava mu Kkono lya Afirika.<ref name="EhretHRSC">Ehret, C. (1980) ''The historical reconstruction of Southern Cushitic phonology and vocabulary'', Kölner Beiträge zur Afrikanistik 5, Bd., Reimer, Berlin.</ref> Mu kiseera ekya mu Holocene, embeera y'obudde mu kitundu kino yakyuka okuva mu mbeera ey'ekyeya okudda mu mbeera ey'obunnyogovu. Kino kyawa omukisa okukulaakulanya obuwangwa nga obulimi n'okulunda mu mbeera ennungi.<ref name="EhretC182">Ehret, C. (2002) ''The Civilizations of Africa: a History to 1800'', University Press of Virginia, {{ISBN|0-8139-2085-X}}.</ref> Abalunzi aboogera Olunilotic baatandika okusengukira mu Kenya okuva mu Nile Valley ne Ethiopian Highlands nga bukyali nga mu 2000 BC. Abaasooka okutuuka baali Southern Nilotes (abajjajja b’Abakalenjin), nga baddirirwa amayengo g’Abanilotic ab’Ebuvanjuba n’ab’Ebugwanjuba.<ref>{{Citation|last=Shinnie|first=P. L.|chapter=The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia, c. 660 bc to c. ad 600|date=1979|title=The Cambridge History of Africa: Volume 2: From c.500 BC to AD 1050|volume=2|pages=210–271|editor-last=Fage|editor-first=J. D.|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-africa/nilotic-sudan-and-ethiopia-c-660-bc-to-c-ad-600/D5BD637ADF06F3E53E0C57C7FB526D2E|access-date=2026-02-05|series=The Cambridge History of Africa|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-21592-3}}</ref><ref name="EhretCHS2">Ehret, C. (1983) ''Culture History in the Southern Sudan'', J. Mack, P. Robertshaw, Eds., British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi, pp. 19–48, {{ISBN|1-872566-04-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseALR">Ambrose, S.H. (1982). "Archaeological and linguistic reconstructions of history in East Africa." In Ehert, C., and Posnansky, M. (eds.), ''The archaeological and linguistic reconstruction of African history'', University of California Press, {{ISBN|0-520-04593-9}}.</ref><ref name="AmbroseSG">Ambrose, S.H. (1986) ''Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika'' 7.2, 11.</ref> Leero, amawanga g'Abanilotic mu ggwanga mulimu Abakalenjin, Abasamburu, Abaluo, Abaturkana, Abamasaai n'abalala.<ref name="ILO">{{cite book |date=2000 |title=Traditional occupations of indigenous and tribal peoples: Emerging trends |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=_84Gg-o5BhYC|page=55}} |publisher=International Labour Organization |isbn=9789221122586}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka AD, abalimi aboogera Olubantu baali basenguse ne bayingira mu kitundu ekyo, mu kusooka ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya.<ref name="EhretACA">Ehret, C. (1998) ''An African Classical Age : Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400.'', University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, pp. xvii, 354, {{ISBN|0-8139-2057-4}}.</ref> Abantu aboogera Olubantu baali bavudde mu Bugwanjuba bwa Africa okwetooloola Omugga Benue mu kifo ekiri kati mu Buvanjuba bwa Nigeria ne mu Bugwanjuba bwa Cameroon.<ref name="WayneSmith">Smith, C. Wayne (1995) ''Crop Production: Evolution, History, and Technology'', John Wiley & Sons, p. 132, {{ISBN|0-471-07972-3}}.</ref> Okusenguka kw'Abantu kwaleeta enkulaakulana empya mu byobulimi n'okukola ebyuma mu kitundu ekyo.[1] Leero, ebibinja by'Abantu mu ggwanga mwe muli Kikuyu, Luhya, Kamba, Kisii, Meru, Kuria, Aembu, Ambeere, Wadawida-Watuweta, Wapokomo, ne Mijikenda, n'ebirala bingi. Ebifo ebikulu eby'edda ennyo mu Kenya mulimu ekifo (ekiyinza okuba nga kyekuusa ku bya ssaayansi ne kubala emmunyeenye) Namoratunga ku luuyi lw'eBugwanjuba olw'Ennyanja Turkana ne kibuga Thimlich Ohinga mu Kaunti ya Migori. '''Ekiseera ky'obusuubuzi bwa Swahili.''' Olubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya lwali amaka g'abantu abaweesa ebyuma n'abalimi Ababantu abalima emmere ey'okulya awaka, abayizzi, n'abavubi abawangiranga eby'enfuna by'ekitundu nga bayita mu bulimi, obuvubi, okuweesa ebyuma, n'okusuubulagana n'amawanga ag'ebweru. Ebitundu bino bye byakola ebibuga ebyasooka mu kitundu kino, ebyali bimanyiddwa nga Azania.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Abantu Abaswayiri baali ba mawanga ag’enjawulo mu Afirika ne Asia (naddala Persia) nga ebyava mu ndagabutonde bwe byalaga.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brielle |first1=E.S. |last2=Fleisher |first2=J. |last3=Wynne-Jones |first3=S. |display-authors=etal |year=2023 |title=Entwined African and Asian genetic roots of mediaeval peoples of the Swahili coast |journal=Nature |volume=615 |issue=7954 |pages=866–873 |bibcode=2023Natur.615..866B |doi=10.1038/s41586-023-05754-w |pmc=10060156 |pmid=36991187 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Mu kyasa ekyasooka CE, ebisinga obungi ku bibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo, gamba nga [[Mombasa]], [[Malindi]], ne [[Zanzibar]], byatandika okussaawo enkolagana ey'obusuubuzi n'Abawalabu. Kino kyaviirako enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna mu mawanga ga Swahili, okuleetawo Obusiraamu, engeri Abawalabu gye baakosaamu olulimi lwa Swahili, okusaasaanya ebyobuwangwa, awamu n'ebibuga n'obwakabaka obw'omu kitundu ekyo okufuuka abantu abali mu kibiina ekinene eky'obusuubuzi.<ref>{{cite web |title=History and Origin of Swahili – Jifunze Kiswahili |url=http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621021817/http://www.swahilihub.com/JifunzeKiswahili/-/1306806/1333292/-/jbyx02z/-/index.html |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=swahilihub.com}}</ref><ref name="Nanjira">{{cite book |last=Nanjira |first=Daniel Don |date=2010 |title=African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy from Antiquity to the 21st Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9780313379826 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153548/https://books.google.com/books?id=LZuxGsXVPoMC&pg=PA114 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Bannabyafaayo bangi baali bamaze ebbanga nga bakkiriza nti ebibuga byali bitandikiddwawo abasuubuzi Abawalabu oba Abaperusi, naye obujulizi bw'ebyafaayo buviiriddeko abayivu okutegeera ebibuga ng'ekintu ekyava mu ggwanga eryo era wadde nga lyakosebwa nnyo abasuubuzi olw'okusuubulagana, lyasigala nga lirina ebyobuwangwa by'Ababantu.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Spear, Thomas |year=2000 |title=Early Swahili History Reconsidered |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=257–290 |doi=10.2307/220649 |jstor=220649}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebisinga obukadde ebyawandiikibwa mu biseera ebyo. Okugeza, waliwo ekiwandiiko ekya ddewo mu Msikiti wa Pwani mu Lamu nga kirina ebiseera bya 1370 oba 1371 AD (772 AH).<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bino eby'edda nga tebannaba kufugibwa Bazungu byawandiikibwa mu lulimi Oluwalabu naye nga birimu ebigambo by'Oluswayiri, nga bwe kiragibwa mu kiwandiiko eky'omu 1462 AD (866 AH) eky'okuziika Mwana wa Bwana binti Mwidani ku Kizinga ky'e Mombasa.<ref name=":5" /> Obwakabaka bwa Kilwa Sultanate bwali bwakabaka obwaliwo mu biseera eby'edda nga businga kubeera mu Kilwa, mu Tanzania ow'omulembe guno. Obuyinza bwabwo bwe bwali businga obunene, obuyinza bwabwo bwali busukka mu buwanvu bwonna obw'olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, omwo nga mwe muli ne Kenya.<ref>شاكر مصطفى, ''موسوعة دوال العالم الأسلامي ورجالها الجزء الثالث'', (دار العلم للملايين: 1993), p. 1360</ref> Okutandika mu kyasa eky'ekkumi, abafuzi b'omu Kilwa baali bagenda kuzimba emizikiti egy'ebbeeyi era batandikewo n'ensimbi ez'ekikomo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Nicolini |first=Beatrice |date=1 January 2004 |title=Makran, Oman, and Zanzibar: Three-Terminal Cultural Corridor in the Western Indian Ocean, 1799–1856 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=9789004137806 |page=62 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180826/https://books.google.com/books?id=kVwhcDDhHQkC&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Oluswayiri, olulimi olw'abantu abava mu lubu lw'aba Bantu abalina ebigambo by'Olwalabu, Oluperusi, n'ebigambo ebirala eby'omu Buwalabu ow'omu Masekkati ne South Asia, oluvannyuma olwakulaakulanyizibwa ng'olulimi olwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi wakati w'abantu ab'enjawulo.<ref name="WayneSmith" />Okuva ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa ekya 20, Oluswayiri era lwakulaakulanya ebigambo bingi n'ebigambo ebirala ebiva mu Lungereza, bingi ku byo nga byava mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale g'Abangereza.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gower |first=R.H. |date=April 1952 |title=Swahili Borrowings from English |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |url-status=live |journal=Africa |volume=22 |issue=2 |pages=154–157 |doi=10.2307/1156242 |jstor=1156242 |s2cid=146513246 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813062137/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1156242 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> '''Abapotigo abasookawo''' Abaswayiri baazimba Mombasa ne bagifuula ekibuga eky'omwalo ekikulu ne batandikawo enkolagana y'ebyobusuubuzi n'ebibuga ebirala ebiri okumpi, wamu n'ebifo by'ebyobusuubuzi mu Persia, Arabia, ne India.<ref>{{cite book |last=Alsayyad, Nezar |date=30 March 2001 |title=Hybrid Urbanism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-275-96612-6 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180717/https://books.google.com/books?id=6u3CRDloG-YC&pg=PA22 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'etaano, omuvuzi w'eryato Omupotugo Duarte Barbosa yawandiika nti "Mombasa kifo kya bizinensi nnyingi era kirina omwalo omulungi ogubeeramu amaato amatono aga buli ngeri era n'amaato amanene, byombi ebiva e Sofala n'ebirala ebiva e Cambay ne Melinde n'ebirala ebisala okugenda ku kizinga Zanzibar." <ref>{{cite book |last=Ali, Shanti Sadiq |year=1996 |title=The African Dispersal in the Deccan |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=3CPc22nMqIC|page=24}} |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-0485-1}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Ekibuga ekikulu ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ya Kenya ye Malindi. Kibadde kifo kikulu eky'Abaswayiri okuva mu kyasa 14, era ekibuga kino lumu kyavuganya ne Mombasa mu kufuga ekitundu kya African Great Lakes. Malindi okuviira ddala mu byafaayo ebadde ekibuga ekirimu omukwano eri amawanga ag'ebweru. Mu 1414, omusuubuzi era omunoonyereza Omuchina Zheng He, ng'akiikirira Obwakabaka bwa Ming, yalambula olubalama lw'ennyanja y'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika ku emu ku ŋŋendo ze ez'okunoonya eby'obugagga.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 January 2001 |title=PBS website |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/ancient-chinese-explorers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151008050639/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ancient/ancient-chinese-explorers.html |archive-date=8 October 2015 |access-date=12 October 2015 |publisher=[[PBS]]}}</ref> Malindi era y'ayaniriza omunoonyerezi Omupotugo Vasco da Gama mu 1498. Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omusanvu, olubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili lwa wambibwa Abawalabu aba Omani, abaagaziya okusuubula abaddu okusobola okutuukiriza eby'etaago by'ennimiro mu Oman ne Zanzibar.<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies Slavery (sociology)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602182633/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|date=2 June 2015}}". ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Online.</ref> Mu kusooka, abasuubuzi bano baali basinga kuva Oman, naye oluvannyuma bangi baava Zanzibar (gamba nga Tippu Tip).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html Swahili Coast] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119091452/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/data/2001/10/01/html/ft_20011001.6.html|date=19 January 2018}}. ''National Geographic''.</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, Abapotigo baatandika okugula abaddu okuva mu basuubuzi Abawalabu aba Omani ne Zanzibar mu kwanukula okutaataaganyizibwa okwaleetebwa Abangereza abaali bawakanya okusuubula abaddu. '''Ekyaasa ekya 18 ne 19''' Mu kyasa eky'ekkumin'omunaana n'eky'ekkumin'omwenda, abantu Abamasai baasengukira mu bitundu bya Kenya eby'omu Masekkati n'eby'omu Bukiikaddyo bw'ekiwonvu, nga bava mu kitundu ekiri mu Bukiikakkono bw'Ennyanja Rudolf (kati Ennyanja Turkana). Wadde nga baali batono, baasobola okuwamba ettaka ddene mu bitundu ebyo, abantu gye batalwaana nnyo oba okuwalira. Abantu b'omu Nandi baasobola okuziyiza Abamasai, so ng'ate abantu b'omu Taveta baddukira mu bibira ebiri ku luuyi lw'eBuvanjuba olw'Olusozi Kilimanjaro, wadde nga oluvannyuma baawalirizibwa okuva ku ttaka olw'okutiisibwatiisibwa okuleetebwa obulwadde bwa kawumpuli. Okubalukawo kw'ekimu ku bino; eddwadde z'ebisolo (rinderpest) oba endwadde z'amawuggwe (pleuropneumonia) kwakosa nnyo ente z'Abamasai, so ng'ate ekirwadde kya kawumpuli kyakosa nnyo Abamasai b'ennyini. Oluvannyuma lw'okufa kwa Masai Mbatian, omukulu laibon (omusawo w'ekinnansi), Abamasai baayawukana ne batandiika okulwanagana. Abamasai baaleetawo obukuubagano bungi mu bitundu bye baawambanga; wadde kyali kityo, waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.[1] Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja nga abantu ba Luo, abantu ba Luhya, n'abantu ba Gusii. Enkolagana eno yeeyolekera mu bigambo ebifaanagana ebikozesebwa ku bintu eby'omulembe n'enkola z'ebyenfuna ezifaanagana.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Ndeda |first=Mildred |year=2019 |title=Population movement, settlement and the construction of society to the east of Lake Victoria in precolonial times: the western Kenyan case |url=https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |url-status=live |journal=The East African Review |issue=52 |pages=83–108 |doi=10.4000/eastafrica.473 |s2cid=198396394 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063130/https://journals.openedition.org/eastafrica/473 |archive-date=13 August 2022 |access-date=13 August 2022 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Wadde nga abasuubuzi Abawalabu baasigala mu kitundu ekyo, emikutu gy'obusuubuzi gyataataaganyizibwa Abamasai ab'obulabe, wadde nga waaliwo enkolagana wakati w'ebibinja bino ebyaali byeyawudde nga basuubuligana naddala amasanga.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Beachey |first=R.W. |date=1967 |title=The East African Ivory Trade in the Nineteenth Century |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-african-history_1967_8_2/page/269 |journal=The Journal of African History |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=269–290 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007052 |s2cid=162882930}}</ref> Abagwira abaasooka okuyita ku Masai be Johann Ludwig Krapf ne Johannes Rebmann, abaminsani Abagirimaani babiri abaateekawo omulimu mu Rabai, si kya wala nnyo okuva e Mombasa. Ababiri bano be abasooka okulaba Olusozi Kenya.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Johannes Rebmann|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063129/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Rebmann|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Etwaale lya Bugirimaani (1885-1890)''' Obwakabaka bwa Bugirimaani bwassaawo obukuumi ku by'obugagga Sultan wa Zanzibar bye yali alina ku mwalo mu 1885, nga kino ky'agobererwa okutuuka kw'ekitongole Imperial British East Africa Company mu 1888. Okuvuganya kw'amatwale kwaziyizibwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa eya Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty, kale Bugirimaani n'ewaayo ebifo byayo eby'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja eri Bungereza mu 1890. '''Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890-1906)''' Olutalo lw'aba Nandi (1890–1906), era lumanyiddwa nga Olutalo lwa Kalenjin, kwe kwali okulwana okwasinga okumala ebbanga eddene mu okuzimba obufuzi bw'amatwale mu East Africa. Okumala emyaka nga 20, abantu ba Nandi ne Kipsigis—nga bakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei baalwanirira ettaka lyabwe mu bitundu by'ebugwanjuba ebirimu ensozi mu Kenya's Rift Valley. Nga bakozesa olutalo olw'ekiyekera n'okusaanyaawo okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka eya Uganda, baasobola okulemesa obukulembeze bw'Abangereza okumala emyaka egisukka mu abiri.<ref>{{Cite news|last=TOO|first=-TITUS|title=Koitalel Samoei: Nandi legend who fought colonialists|url=http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107012352/http://standardgroup.co.ke/?articleID=2000095797&story_title=koitalel-samoei-nandi-legend-who-fought-colonialists&pageNo=2|archive-date=2016-11-07|access-date=2026-02-05|work=Standard Digital News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=A. T. Matson |date=1972 |title=Nandi resistance to british rule 1890-1906 |url=http://archive.org/details/nandiresistancet0000atma |publisher=East african publishing house |others=Internet Archive}}</ref> Newankubadde waaliwo "okulumba okw'okubonereza abagyeemu," Abangereza baali tebasobola kutuuka ku buwanguzi obwa bulijjo mu by'amagye ku balwanyi Abakalenjin. Olutalo lw'akomekkerezebwa oluvannyuma lw'okuyita mu bbago lya Treachery nga 19 Ogwomwenda, 1905, nga Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen yasendasenda Samoei okugenda mu lukiiko olwali lugendereddwamu okuleetawo emirembe naye n'amutta. Oluvannyuma lw'ekyo, omulambo gwa Samoei gwatemwako omutwe era omutwe gwe gwatwalibwa e London ng'ekijjukizo ky'amatwale, nga kino kyali kikomo ku bulumbaganyi bw'amaggye obw'obukambwe obwakolebwa Abakalenjin era ne kisobozesa Abangereza okuteekawo obukulembeze mu kitundu ekyo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CardBiz.ca |url=https://cardbiz.ca/ |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=cardbiz.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Koitalel Arap Samoei: The Story of the Greatest Nandi Orkoiyot |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/koitalel-arap-samoei-the-story-of-the-greatest-nandi-orkoiyot/cwVx0MJXzdrAKA |access-date=2026-02-05 |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> '''British Kenya (1888-1962)''' Okuskyusibwa okuva e Bugirimaani okudda e Bungereza kwaddirirwa okuzimba egaali y'omuka eya Uganda Railway ng'eyita mu ggwanga.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</ref> Okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka kwawakanyizibwa ebika by'abantu ebimu—nga bwe kiri ku Nandi, eyakulemberwa Orkoiyot Koitalel Arap Samoei okuva mu 1890 okutuuka mu 1900—naye Abangereza oluvannyuma baaluzimba. Aba Nandi be baali ekika ky'abantu ekyasooka okuteekebwa mu kkuumiro ly'abantu ab'obuwangwa okubalemesa okutaataaganya okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kiseera ky'okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka, waaliwo okuleeta abakozi Abayindi, abaawa omulimu omunene ogw'abakozi abakugu abaali beetaagibwa mu kuzimba.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005">[[R. Mugo Gatheru]] (2005) ''Kenya: From Colonization to Independence, 1888–1970'', McFarland, {{ISBN|0-7864-2199-1}}</ref> Bano n'abasinga obungi ku bazzukulu baabwe oluvannyuma baasigala mu Kenya era ne bafuuka omutima gw'ebitundu by'Abayindi eby'enjawulo, gamba ng'ekitundu ky'Abayindi Abasiraamu Abaismaili n'Abasikh. Wadde nga baazimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka okuyita mu Tsavo, abasinga obungi ku bakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abayindi n'abakozi b'eggaali y'omukka Abafirika baalumbibwa empologoma bbiri ezaali zimanyiddwa nga empologoma ezaali zimanyiddwa nga Tsavo maneaters.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ismaili muslim |url=http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103151208/http://www.magicalkenya.com/default.nsf/doc21/4YQ4W3FZEI64?opendocument&l=1&e=7&s=1 |archive-date=3 January 2009 |access-date=16 April 2010 |publisher=Magicalkenya.com}}</ref> Mu kiseera eky'okubalukawo kw'olutalo lwa Ssematalo eyasooka mu Gwomunaana 1914, ba gavana b'amatwale ga Bungereza mu East Africa (nga bwe kyali kimanyiddwa mu kiseera ekyo) ne German East Africa mu kusooka bakkiriziganya okussaawo emirembe nga bagezaako okukuuma amatwale amatono obutayingira mu lutalo. Naye Lieutenant Colonel Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, omuduumizi w'amagye ga Bugirimaani, yasalawo okusiba nga bwe kisoboka eby'obugagga bya Bungereza. Nga yeeyawudde ddala ku Bugirimaani, Lettow-Vorbeck yakola kakuyege ow’amaanyi mu lutalo lw’abayeekera, nga beeyimirizaawo ku ttaka, nga bakwata eby'okulwanyisa bya Bungereza, era nebasigala nga tebawangulwanga. Oluvannyuma yawangangusibwa mu Rhodesia ey'Obukiikakkono (leero Zambia) oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 14 oluvannyuma lw’endagaano ey’okukomya olutalo okuteekebwako omukono mu 1918.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Okugoba von Lettow, Abangereza baasindika amagye ga British Indian Army okuva e Buyindi naye nga beetaaga abasituzi b'ebintu abangi okusobola okuvvuunuka obuzibu obw'amaanyi obw'okutambuza ebintu okutuuka ewala mu bitundu by'omunda nga bakozesa bigere. Ekitongole kya Carrier Corps kyatondebwawo era oluvannyuma kyasobola okukunga abantu abasukka mu 400,000 okuva mu Afirika, ekyaviirako okwongera okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Mu 1920, East Africa Protectorate yafuulibwa ettwale era n'eddamu okuyitibwa Kenya oluvannyuma lw'olusozi lwaayo olusingayo obuwanvu.<ref name="Encyclopædia Britannica" /> Mu kitundu ekisooka eky'ekyasa ekya 20, ekitundu eky'omunda mu nsozi eziri wakati, kyali kibeeramu abalimi Abangereza n'abalimi abalala okuva mu Bulaaya, abaafuuka abagagga nga balima emmwanyi n'amajaani.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090211070504/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901759-3,00.html "We Want Our Country"]. ''Time''. 5 November 1965</ref> Ekifaananyi ekimu eky'ekiseera kino eky'enkyukakyuka okuva ku ndowooza y'omufuzi w'amatwale kisangibwa mu kitabo ekiyitibwa Out of Africa ekyawandiikibwa omuwandiisi Omudanish Baroness Karen von Blixen-Finecke, ekyakubibwa mu 1937. Omwaka gwa 1930 we gwatuukira, abantu abeeru nga 30,000 baali babeera mu kitundu ekyo era baafuna eddoboozi ery'ebyobufuzi olw'obuyambi bwe baawa mu by'enfuna.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Ebitundu by'ensozi byali bifuuse maka eri abantu abasoba mu kakadde ab’ekika kya Kikuyu, ng’abasinga ku bo tebaalina ttaka mu ngeri y’Abazungu era baabeeranga mu kulunda okw’okutambula. Okusobola okukuuma ebyetaago byabwe, abasenze baawera okulima emmwanyi era ne batandikawo omusolo gw’amayumba, era abatalina ttaka baaweebwa ettaka ttono ddala nga basasulwa olw'emirimu gyabwe gye baali babakolera. Abantu bangi nnyo baasengukira mu bibuga olw’okuba obusobozi bwabwe obw’okweyimirizaawo nga bakozesa ettaka bwakendeera.<ref name="R. Mugo Gatheru 2005" /> Omwaka gwa 1950 we gwatuukira, waaliwo abasenze abazungu 80,000 abaali babeera mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite book |last=Firestone |first=Matthew |date=15 September 2010 |title=Kenya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |publisher=Lonely Planet Publications |isbn=9781742203553 |page=28 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180737/https://books.google.com/books?id=R-r3g6OdLEUC&pg=PA28 |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Okuyita mu Ssematalo II, Kenya yali nsibuko nkulu ey'abaserikale abatwalibwa okulwana mu lutalo n'ebyobulimi eri Bungereza. Kenya y'ennyini ye yali ekifo eky'okulwaniramu wakati w'amaanyi ag'omukago n'eggye lya Italy mu 1940–41, amagye ga Italy bwe gaalumba. Wajir ne Malindi nabyo byakubwa bbomu. '''Okubalukawo kwa Mau Mau''' Okuva mu Gwekkumi 1952 okutuuka mu Gwekkumineebiri 1959, Kenya yali mu mbeera ey’akatyabaga nga kino ky'avaamu olutalo lw'obuyeekera olwa Mau Mau okulwanyisa obufuzi bw’Abangereza. Aba Mau Mau, era abamanyiddwa nga Kenya Land and Freedom Army, baali basinga kubeera Bantu ab’omu Kikuyu, Embu ne Meru. Mu kiseera ky'okunyigirizibwa kw'obufuzi bw'amatwale, abalwanyi abasukka mu 11,000 baali battiddwa, awamu n'abajaasi 100 Abangereza n'abajaasi 2,000 Abakenya abeesigwa. Emisango gy'entalo gyakolebwa ku njuyi zombi ez'olutalo, omuli okutta abantu mu lujjudde okwali mu Lari ne mu Hola. Gavana yasaba era n'afuna amagye ga Bungereza n'aga Afirika, omwo nga mwe muli King's African Rifles. Abangereza baatandika ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera. Mu Gwokutaano 1953, Genero Sir George Erskine yatwala obuvunaanyizibwa ng'omuduumizi w'amagye g'amatwale, ng'awagirwa Winston Churchill.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993">Maloba, Wunyabari O. (1993) ''Mau Mau and Kenya: An Analysis of Peasant Revolt'', Indiana University Press, 0852557450.</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Waruhiu Itote (nom de guerre "General China") nga 15 Ogusookam1954 n’okubuuzibwa okwaddirira kyaviirako okutegeera obulungi enkola y’obukulembeze bwa Mau Mau eri Abangereza. Ekikwekweto Anvil kyaggulwawo nga 24 Ogwokuna 1954, oluvannyuma lw’okuteekateeka okumala wiiki eziwerako amagye nga galina olukusa okuva mu kakiiko akakwasaganya entalo aka War Council. Ekikwekweto kino kyateeka Nairobi mu kuzingizibwa kw'amagye. Abantu ababeera mu Nairobi baakeberwa, era abateeberezebwa okuba abawagizi ba Mau Mau baasengukira mu nkambi z’abasibe. Abantu abasukka mu 80,000 Abakikuyu baateekebwa mu nkambi z’abasibe nga tebawozeseddwa, era nga batera okutulugunyizibwa mu ngeri ey’obukambwe.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 August 2016|title=Uncovering the brutal truth about the British empire|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|url-status=live|access-date=22 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601152655/https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/aug/18/uncovering-truth-british-empire-caroline-elkins-mau-mau|archive-date=1 June 2019}}</ref>A bakuumi be baakola omulimu omukulu mu nkola ya gavumenti kubanga baali bakolebwa mu Bafirika abeesigwa, so si mu maggye g’abagwira nga British Army ne King's African Rifles.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Mau Mau|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|access-date=15 August 2022|edition=Online|archive-date=13 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813063630/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mau-Mau|url-status=live}}</ref> Okukwatibwa kwa Dedan Kimathi nga 21 Ogwekkumi 1956 mu Nyeri kyategeeza okuwangulwa kw’ekibiina ky'abayeekera elya Mau Mau era kino kyakomya obulumbaganyi obwakolebwa amagye.<ref name="Wunyabari O. Maloba 1993" /> Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu gavumenti ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zakyusibwa. Mu kiseera kino, enkyukakyuka za gavumenti ez'amaanyi ezikwata ku bwannannyini ku ttaka zaaliwo. Ekisinga obukulu mu zino kye kyali enteekateeka ya Swynnerton, eyakozesebwa okusiima abo abaali abeesigwa era n'okubonereza abo abaali benyigidde mu buyeekera bw'ekibinja kya Mau Mau. Kino kyaleka nga kimu kya kusatu ku bantu Abakikuyu nga tebalina nteekateeka yonna ey'okubeera ku ttaka era nga tebalina kintu kyonna mu kiseera ky'ameefuga.<ref>{{cite book |last=Anderson |first=David |year=2005 |title=Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |publisher=Weidenfeld and Nicolson |isbn=0-393-05986-3 |location=London |access-date=13 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180724/https://books.google.com/books?id=9-LhkJxuaXYC |archive-date=18 May 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> '''Abasomaliya ab'omu Kenya baakuba akalulu, 1962.''' Kenya nga tennafuna bwetwaze bwayo, abantu ab'eggwanga lya Somali mu Kenya eriwo kati mu bitundu bya Northern Frontier Districts baasaba Gavumenti ya Her Majesty obutabateeka mu Kenya. Gavumenti y'amatwale yasalawo okukola akalulu ka Kenya akasooka mu 1962 okukebera obumalirivu bw'Abasomali mu Kenya okwegatta ku Somalia.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Castagno |first=A.A. |year=1964 |title=The Somali-Kenyan Controversy: Implications for the Future |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-modern-african-studies_1964-06_2_2/page/165 |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=165–188 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00003980 |jstor=158817 |s2cid=154443409}}</ref> Ebyava mu kikungo byalaga nti Abasomali 86% mu Kenya baali baagala okwegatta ku Somalia, kyokka obufuzi bwa Bungereza obw'amatwale bwagaana ebyava mu kikungo era Abasomali ne basigala mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=NORTHERN FRONTIER DISTRICT OF KENYA (Hansard, 3 April 1963) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015183914/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/lords/1963/apr/03/northern-frontier-district-of-kenya |archive-date=15 October 2019 |access-date=31 December 2019 |website=api.parliament.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya, 1962: Enumeration Forms in English |url=https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204114833/https://www.waikato.ac.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/117476/Kenya-1962-en.pdf |archive-date=4 February 2019 |access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref> '''Nga bakafuna obwetwaze''' Okulonda okwasooka okw'abannansi ba Kenya mu Lukiiko lw'eggwanga kwaliwo mu 1957. Newankubadde ng'Abangereza baali basuubira okuwa obuyinza eri abo abatali bannalukalala, era kyali kibiina kya Kenya African National Union (KANU) ekya Jomo Kenyatta ekyakola gavumenti eyakulembera mu kiseera ekyo, Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Obwakabaka bwa Kenya n'Obukuumi bwa Kenya byakoma nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963, nga bafunye obwetwaze ku Kenya yonna. Bungereza yalekera Kenya obuyinza. Ssaabasajja wa Zanzibar (Sultan) yakkiriza nti mu kiseera kye kimu n'ameefuga g'eggwanga yandirekedde awo okuba n'obuyinza ku Protectorate of Kenya, Kenya yonna efuuke eggwanga limu eririna obwetwaze.<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762">"Commonwealth and Colonial Law" by [[Kenneth Roberts-Wray]], London, Stevens, 1966. p. 762</ref><ref>HC Deb 22 November 1963 vol 684 cc1329-400 wherein the UK Under-Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations and for the Colonies stated: "An agreement was then signed on the 8th October 1963, providing that on the date when Kenya became independent the territories comprising the Kenya Coastal Strip would become part of Kenya proper."</ref> Mu ngeri eno, Kenya yafuuka eggwanga ery'etongodde wansi w'etteeka lya Kenya Independence Act 1963 erya Bungereza. Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Kenya yafuuka repubuliki wansi w'erinnya "Republic of Kenya".<ref name="Kenneth Roberts-Wray 1966. P. 762" /> Mu kiseera kye kimu, amagye ga Kenya gaalwana olutalo lwa Shifta nga balwanyisa abayeekera Abasomali ab'ekika ekimu abaali babeera mu Northern Frontier District abaali baagala okwegatta ku b'eŋŋanda zaabwe mu Somali Republic mu Bukiikakkono.<ref>Bruce Baker, ''Escape from Domination in Africa: Political Disengagement & Its Consequences'', (Africa World Press: 2003), p.83</ref> Oluvannyuma emirembe gyatuukibwako oluvannyuma lw'okussa omukono ku kiwandiiko kya Arusha Memorandum mu Gwomwenda 1967, naye obutali butebenkevu bwaliwo okutuuka mu 1969.<ref name="Hogg1986">{{cite journal |last=Hogg |first=Richard |year=1986 |title=The New Pastoralism: Poverty and Dependency in Northern Kenya |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_africa-uk_1986_56_3/page/319 |journal=Africa: Journal of the International African Institute |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=319–333 |doi=10.2307/1160687 |jstor=1160687 |s2cid=146312775}}</ref><ref name="Howell1968">{{cite journal |last=Howell |first=John |date=May 1968 |title=An Analysis of Kenyan Foreign Policy |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=29–48 |doi=10.1017/S0022278X00016657 |jstor=158675 |s2cid=154605094}}</ref> Okusobola okukendeeza ku bulumbaganyi obulala, Kenya yassa omukono ku ndagaano y’ebyokwerinda ne Ethiopia mu 1969, era ekyo kikyaliwo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume E–6, Documents on Africa, 1973–1976 - Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162911/https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1969-76ve06/d183 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=history.state.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kabukuru |first=Wanjohi |date=2015-02-26 |title=The Kenya-Ethiopia Defence Pact: Is Somalia a pawn? |url=https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162913/https://newafricanmagazine.com/10026/ |archive-date=26 March 2023 |access-date=2023-03-26 |website=New African Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref> '''Pulezidenti eyasooka''' Nga 12 Ogwekkumineebiri 1964, Republic of Kenya yalangirirwa, era Jomo Kenyatta yafuuka pulezidenti wa Kenya eyasooka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Permanent Mission of the Republic of Kenya to the United Nations |year=2002 |title=Kenya at the United Nations |url=http://kenyaun.org/polhistory.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090608141216/http://kenyaun.org/polhistory.html |archive-date=8 June 2009 |access-date=15 February 2010 |publisher=Consulate General of Kenya in New York}}</ref> Wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta, obulyi bw'enguzi bwasaasaana mu gavumenti yonna, abakozi ba gavumenti, n'abasuubuzi. Kenyatta n'ab'omu maka ge baakwatagana n'obulyi bw'enguzi buno nga beeyongera okugaggawala nga bagula ebintu bingi oluvannyuma lwa 1963. Okugula ebintu mu Central, Rift Valley, ne mu bibuga by'okumyalo kyaleetawo obusungu bungi mu Bannakenya abatalina ttaka. Famire ye yakozesa ekifo kye nga Pulezidenti okwewala ebizibu eby'amateeka oba eby'obukulembeze mu kufuna ebintu. Famire ya Kenyatta era yateeka ssente nnyingi mu bizineesi z'ebifo ebisanyukirwamu ebiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja, nga Kenyatta kennyini yalinawo wooteeri eyitibwa Leonard Beach Hotel.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Boone |first=Catherine |date=April 2012 |title=Land Conflict and Distributive Politics in Kenya |url=https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/2152/19778/2/Boone_AfricanStudiesReview.pdf |journal=African Studies Review |volume=55 |issue=1 |pages=75–103 |doi=10.1353/arw.2012.0010 |hdl=2152/19778 |issn=0002-0206 |s2cid=154334560 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ebyafaayo bya Kenyatta eby'enjawulo byalagibwa ku mukolo ogw'okujjukira emyaka kkumi bukya Kenya efuna obwetwaze. Ekitundu ekyawandiikibwa mu The New York Times mu Gwekkumineebiri 1973 kyasiima obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta ne Kenya olw'okufuuka ekyokulabirako mu kukola ebintu mu ngeri ey'amagezi era ey'obuwangwa. GDP ya Kenya yali eyongedde ku sipiidi ya buli mwaka eya 6.6%, nga eri waggulu ku sipiidi y'abantu okweyongera eya waggulu ku bitundu 3%.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mohr|first=Charles|title=Kenya, 10 Years Independent, Emerges as a Model of Stability|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|url-status=live|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=16 December 1973|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127081501/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/12/16/archives/kenya-10-years-independent-emerges-as-a-model-of-stability-the.html|archive-date=27 November 2020}}</ref> Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ku kitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Naye Amnesty International yayanukula ekitundu kino nga egamba ku bbeeyi y'obutebenkevu mu ngeri y'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu. Ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekivuganya kyatandikibwawo Oginga Odinga—Kenya People's Union (KPU)—yawerebwa mu 1969 oluvannyuma lw'ekittabantu ekyali e Kisumu era abakulembeze ba KPU baali bakyasibiddwa nga tebawozeseddwa mu ngeri ey'okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu.<ref name="sproul">{{cite news|date=16 January 1974|title=Letters to the Editor|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/16/archives/letters-to-the-editor-birth-rates-and-energy-use-the-questionable.html|url-status=live|access-date=19 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130233151/https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/16/archives/letters-to-the-editor-birth-rates-and-energy-use-the-questionable.html|archive-date=30 November 2020}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |date=January 1974 |title=Amnesty International Annual Report 1973–1974. Available from |url=https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL100011974ENGLISH.PDF |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121125801/https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/POL100011974ENGLISH.PDF |archive-date=21 January 2021 |access-date=19 November 2020}}</ref> Ekibiina ekitaba abayizi ekya Kenya Students Union, Abajulirwa ba Yakuwa n'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebivuganya byawerebwa.<ref name=":0" /> Kenyatta yakulembera Kenya okutuusa lwe yafa mu Gwomunaana 1978.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ndegwa |first=Stephen N. |date=1999 |title=Multi-Party Politics in Kenya: the Kenyatta and Moi States and the Triumph of the System in the 1992 Election (review) |journal=Africa Today |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=146–148 |doi=10.1353/at.1999.0008 |issn=1527-1978 |s2cid=145810474}}</ref> '''Omulembe gwa Moi''' Oluvannyuma lwa Kenyatta okufa, Daniel arap Moi yafuuka pulezidenti. Yasigaza obwa pulezidenti, y'esimbawonga tavuganyiziddwa mu kulonda okwaliwo mu 1979, 1983 (okulonda okw'amangu), ne 1988, byonna ebyaliwo byali wansi wa Ssemateeka w'ekibiina ekimu. Okulonda kwa 1983 kwaliwo omwaka gumu nga bukyali, era kwava butereevu ku kulemererwa kw'ekyewuunyo ky'amagye nga 2 Ogwomunaana 1982. Okuwamba gavumenti okwa 1982 kwategekebwa omujaasi w'omu bbanga ow'eddaala erya wansi, Senior Private Hezekiah Ochuka, era okuwamba okwo okusinga kwakolebwa abajaasi ab'eddaala erya wansi mu ggye ery'omu bbanga. Kyazikirizibwa mangu amagye agaali gakulirwa Chief of General Staff Mahamoud Mohamed, omukungu w'amagye nazilwanako w'e Somali.<ref>{{Cite book |year=1992 |title=Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3MctAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA12 |publisher=Nyamora Communications Limited |page=12 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506160202/https://books.google.com/books?id=3MctAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA12 |archive-date=6 May 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Mwalimu ekitongole kya General Service Unit (GSU)—ekitongole ky'amagye ekya poliisi—n'oluvannyuma police y'abulijjo. Oluvannyuma lw'ekittabantu eky'e Garissa mu 1980, amagye ga Kenya g'enyigira mu kittabantu eky'e Wagalla mu 1984 ku bikumi n'ebikumi by'abantu ba bulijjo mu Ssaza lye Wajir. Okunoonyereza okw'obutongole ku bikolobero bino oluvannyuma kwaweebwa ekiragiro mu 2011.<ref>{{Cite news|date=11 February 2011|title=Wagalla massacre: Raila Odinga orders Kenya probe|publisher=BBC|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12463001|url-status=live|access-date=14 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622041516/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12463001|archive-date=22 June 2014}}</ref> Okulonda okwaliwo mu 1988 kwaleeta enkola ya ''mlolongo'' (okusimba ennyiriri) eyali egamba nti abalonzi baalina okusimba ennyiriri emabega w’abo be baali baagala okusinga okulonda mu kyama.<ref>Harden, Blaine (25 February 1988) [https://web.archive.org/web/20110215084715/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1241691.html Many Voters Stay Home as Kenya Drops Secret Ballot in Parliamentary Election], ''[[The Washington Post]]''.</ref> Kino kyatwalibwa ng'entikko y'obufuzi obutali bwa dimokulasiya era kyaviirako okwekalakaasa okw'amaanyi olw'okukyusa mu ssemateeka. Ebikwatagana ebitali bimu, omuli n'ekyo ekyali kikkiriza ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi kimu kyokka, byakyusibwa mu myaka egyaddirira.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Handbook on Religious Liberty Around the World |publisher=The Rutherford Institute |editor-last=Moreno, Pedro C. |location=Charlottesville, VA |chapter=Kenya |chapter-url=http://religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu/rihand/Kenya.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100629014936/http://religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu/rihand/Kenya.html |archive-date=29 June 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> '''Okukyusa okudda mu demokulasiya ow'ebibiina by'obufuzi ebingi.''' Mu 1991, Kenya yakyusa okudda ku nkola y’ebyobufuzi ey’ebibiina ebingi oluvannyuma lw’emyaka 26 egy’obukulembeze bw’ekibiina ekimu. Nga 28 Ogwekkumi 1992, Moi yasattulula Paalamenti, emyezi etaano nga kisanja kye tekinnagwaako. N’ekyavaamu, enteekateeka z’okulonda ebifo byonna mu Paalamenti awamu ne pulezidenti zaatandika. Okulonda kwali kutegekeddwa okubaawo nga 7 Ogwekkumineebiri 1992, naye okulwawo kwaleetera okwongezebwayo okutuuka nga 29 Ogwekkumineebiri. Ng’oggyeko KANU, ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza, ebibiina ebirala ebyali bikiikiriddwa mu kulonda mwalimu FORD Kenya ne FORD Asili. Okulonda kuno kwali kwetobeseemu enkola y'okutiisatiisa abo abaali babavuganya n'okutulugunya abakungu b'eby'okulonda. Kino kyaleetawo ekizibu ky'ebyenfuna ekyaleetebwa obutabanguko obw'omu mawanga nga pulezidenti avunaanibwa okubba ebyava mu kulonda asobole okusigaza obuyinza.<ref name="Keith">{{Cite book |last=Keith. |first=Kyle |date=1999 |title=Politics of the independence of Kenya |publisher=Macmillan |isbn=978-0333720080 |oclc=795968156}}</ref><ref name="Goldsworthy">{{Cite journal |last=Goldsworthy |first=David |date=March 1982 |title=Ethnicity and Leadership in Africa: the 'Untypical' Case of Tom Mboya |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-modern-african-studies_1982-03_20_1/page/107 |journal=The Journal of Modern African Studies |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=107–126 |doi=10.1017/s0022278x00000082 |issn=0022-278X |s2cid=154841201}}</ref><ref name="ParliamentKe">{{Cite web |title=KENYA: parliamentary elections National Assembly, 1992 |url=http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2167_92.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817091746/http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2167_92.htm |archive-date=17 August 2018 |access-date=29 January 2019 |website=archive.ipu.org}}</ref> Okulonda kuno kwali kwa njawulo eri Kenya kubanga kwali kutandika kw'okukomekkereza obukulembeze bwa Moi n'obufuzi bwa KANU. Moi yasigala nga pulezidenti era George Saitoti n'afuuka omummyuka wa pulezidenti. Wadde nga yasigala mu buyinza, KANU yawangula ebifo 100 era n'efiirwa ebifo 88 eri ebibiina mukaaga eby'oludda oluvuganya gavumenti.<ref name="Keith" /><ref name="ParliamentKe" /> Okulonda kwa 1992 kwateekawo entandikwa y'ebyobufuzi eby'ebibiina ebingi oluvannyuma lw'emyaka egisukka mu 25 egy'obufuzi bwa KANU.<ref name="Keith" /> Oluvannyuma lw'obukuubagano obwaddirira oluvannyuma lw'okulonda, abantu 5,000 battibwa ate abalala 75,000 ne basengulwa okuva mu maka gaabwe.<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2007 |title=Clashes, elections and land – church keeps watch in Molo |url=http://www.irinnews.org/report/73319/kenya-clashes-elections-and-land-church-keeps-watch-molo |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171217115300/http://www.irinnews.org/report/73319/kenya-clashes-elections-and-land-church-keeps-watch-molo |archive-date=17 December 2017 |access-date=29 January 2019 |website=IRIN}}</ref> Mu myaka etaano egyaddirira, ebibiina by'obufuzi bingi byatandikibwawo nga beetegekera okulonda okuddako. Mu myaka etaano egyaddako, enkolagana nnyingi ez'ebyobufuzi zaatondebwawo nga beetegekera okulonda okali kuddako. Mu 1994, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga yafa era ebibiina bingi byegatta ku kibiina kye ekya FORD Kenya okutondawo ekibiina ekipya, United National Democratic Alliance. Ekibiina kino kyalimu obutakkanya bungi. Mu 1995, Richard Leakey yatondawo ekibiina kya Safina, naye kyagaanibwa okuwandiisibwa okutuusa mu Gwekkuminogumu 1997.<ref name="BBCKenyaHist">{{Cite news|date=31 January 2018|title=Kenya profile|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13682176|url-status=live|access-date=29 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130010047/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13682176|archive-date=30 January 2019}}</ref> Mu 1996, KANU yaddamu okwekenneenya Ssemateeka okukkiriza Moi okusigala nga Pulezidenti mu kisanja ekirala. Oluvannyuma, Moi yeesimbawo ku kisanja ekirala era yawangula ekisanja eky'okutaano mu 1997.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kenya History Timeline – historic overview of Kenya, Africa |url=https://crawfurd.dk/africa/kenya_timeline.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223160656/https://crawfurd.dk/africa/kenya_timeline.htm |archive-date=23 December 2018 |access-date=29 January 2019 |website=Crawfurd Homepage}}</ref> Obuwanguzi bwe bwavumirirwa nnyo abo abaali bamuvuganya ennyo, Kibaki ne Odinga, nga bagamba nti obuwanguzi bwe bwali bwa bulimba.<ref name="BBCKenyaHist" /><ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite journal |last=Anderson |first=David M. |year=2003 |title=Kenya's Elections 2002 – The Dawning of a New Era? |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_african-affairs_2003-04_102_407/page/331 |journal=African Affairs |volume=102 |issue=407 |pages=331–342 |doi=10.1093/afraf/adg007}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okuwangula okwo, Moi yagaanibwa mu Ssemateeka okuddamu okwesimbawo ku bwa Pulezidenti. Okutandika mu 1998, yagezaako okukyusa enkola y'ebyobufuzi n'okuwanyisa obuyinza mu ggwanga okusobozesa Uhuru Kenyatta okulondebwa mu kulonda kwa 2002.<ref>{{Cite web |last=AfricaNews |date=25 October 2017 |title=A look at Kenya's elections history since independence in 1964 |url=http://www.africanews.com/2017/10/25/a-look-at-kenya-s-elections-history-since-independence-in-1964/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130000204/http://www.africanews.com/2017/10/25/a-look-at-kenya-s-elections-history-since-independence-in-1964/ |archive-date=30 January 2019 |access-date=29 January 2019 |website=Africanews}}</ref> === Pulezidenti Kibaki n'olugenda lwa Ssemateeka omugya === Enteekateeka ya Moi ey'okudda mu bigere bya Uhuru Kenyatta yalemererwa, era Mwai Kibaki, eyali avuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti mu kibiina "National Rainbow Coalition" (NARC), yalondebwa nga Pulezidenti. David Anderson (2003) alipoota nti okulonda kwatwalibwa okuba okw’amazima n’obwenkanya okusinziira ku balabi ab’omu kitundu ne mu nsi yonna, era ne kirabika ng’ekyakyusa ennyo mu nkulaakulana ya demokulasiya mu Kenya.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> Mu 2005, Bannakenya baagaana enteekateeka ey'okukyusa Ssemateeka w'obwetwaze owa 1963 n'endala empya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Of Oranges and Bananas: The 2005 Kenya Referendum on the Constitution |url=http://www.cmi.no/publications/2368-of-oranges-and-bananas |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160512022757/http://www.cmi.no/publications/2368-of-oranges-and-bananas |archive-date=12 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016 |website=CMI – Chr. Michelsen Institute}}</ref> N'ekyavaamu, okulonda kwa 2007 kwaliwo nga bagoberera enkola eyali eteekeddwawo mu Ssemateeka eyaliwo. Kibaki yaddamu okulondebwa mu kulonda okwali okw'amaanyi nga kujjudde obutabanguko bwe by'onufuzi n'ebibinja by'embu z'abantu mu Kenya. Omukulembeze w'oludda oluvuganya gavumenti asinga obukulu, Raila Odinga, yagamba nti okulonda kwalimu emivuyo n'okubba era nti ye yali Pulezidenti eyalondebwa mu butuufu. Mu butabanguko obwaddirira, abantu 1,500 battibwa ate abalala 600,000 ne basengulwa mu Kenya, kino ne kifuuka obutabanguko obwasinga obubi mu Kenya oluvannyuma lw'okulonda. Okusobola okukomya okufa n'okusengulwa kw'abantu, Kibaki ne Odinga bakkiriziganya okukolera awamu, ng'oluvannyuma Odinga yakkiriza okubeera nga ye Ssabaminisita.<ref>{{Cite news|date=12 April 2008|title=Deal to end Kenyan crisis agreed|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7344816.stm|url-status=live|access-date=29 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080415174110/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7344816.stm|archive-date=15 April 2008}}</ref> Kino kyafuula Odinga Ssabaminisita wa Kenya ow'okubiri. Mu Gwoluberyeberye 2010, Kenya yakolagana n'amawanga amalala ag'omu Buvanjuba bwa Africa okukola akatale akapya aka East African Common Market mu East African Community.<ref>{{Cite news|date=1 July 2010|title=FACTBOX-East African common market begins|work=Reuters|url=https://af.reuters.com/article/kenyaNews/idAFLDE65T2AJ20100701|url-status=dead|access-date=29 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100708233236/http://af.reuters.com/article/kenyaNews/idAFLDE65T2AJ20100701|archive-date=8 July 2010}}</ref> Mu 2011, Kenya yatandika okusindika amagye mu Somalia okulwanyisa ekibinja ky'abatujju ekya Al-Shabaab.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 March 2012 |title=The Standard {{!}} Online Edition :: Somalia government supports Kenyan forces' mission |url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/agriculture/InsidePage.php?id=2000045933&cid=4& |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314153558/http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/agriculture/InsidePage.php?id=2000045933&cid=4& |archive-date=14 March 2012 |access-date=29 January 2019}}</ref> Mu makkati ga 2011, sizoni z'enkuba ebbiri ezaali zitalabise z'aviirako ekyeya ekyasingayo obubi mu East Africa mu myaka 60. Ekitundu ky’omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bwa Turkana kyakosebwa nnyo,<ref name="RedCross">{{Cite web |last=Koech, Dennis |date=25 July 2011 |title=Red Cross warns of catastrophe in Turkana |url=http://www.kbc.co.ke/news.asp?nid=71528 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104173650/http://www.kbc.co.ke/news.asp?nid=71528 |archive-date=4 January 2012 |access-date=7 August 2011 |publisher=Kbc.co.ke}}</ref> ng’amasomero g’omu kitundu gaggalwawo olw’ensonga eyo.<ref name="Kscafthit">{{Cite web |date=28 July 2011 |title=Kenya: schools close as famine takes hold in Turkana |url=http://www.indcatholicnews.com/news.php?viewStory=18686 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111019172150/http://www.indcatholicnews.com/news.php?viewStory=18686 |archive-date=19 October 2011 |access-date=7 August 2011 |publisher=Indcatholicnews.com}}</ref> Kyategeezeddwa nti ekizibu kyaggwaawo ku ntandikwa ya 2012 olw’okukolera awamu mu kugaba obuyambi. Ebitongole ebikola ku by’obuyambi oluvannyuma byakyusa essira ne balissa ku kuyamba abantu okuddamu okuzimba obulamu bwabwe, omuli okusima emikutu egitambuza amazzi n’okugaba ensigo z’ebimera.<ref name="Unsfisiobrr">Gettleman, Jeffrey (3 February 2012) [https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/04/world/africa/un-says-famine-in-somalia-is-over-but-risks-remain.html U.N. Says Famine in Somalia Is Over, but Risks Remain] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107082519/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/04/world/africa/un-says-famine-in-somalia-is-over-but-risks-remain.html|date=7 November 2016}}. ''The New York Times''.</ref> Mu Gwomunaana 2010, Bannakenya baakuba akalulu era ne bayisa Ssemateeka omupya, eyakendeeza ku buyinza bwa Pulezidenti era n'egabanyaamu gavumenti eya wakati.<ref name="BBCKenyaHist" /> Oluvannyuma lw'okuyisa Ssemateeka omupya, Kenya yafuuka republic, nga Pulezidenti wa Kenya ye mukulembeze w'eggwanga era omutwe gwa gavumenti, era nga y'akulira enkola y'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi. Ssemateeka omupya era alaga nti obuyinza obw’okuddukanya eggwanga bukozesebwa ekitongole ekiddukanya eggwanga, ekikulemberwa pulezidenti, atuula ku ntebe ya kabineeti erimu abantu abalondeddwa okuva ebweru wa Paalamenti. Obuyinza obw’okukola amateeka buweebwa Paalamenti yokka. Ekitongole ekiramuzi kya ddembe okuva ku kitongole ekiddukanya eggwanga ne Paalamenti. === '''Obukulembeze bwa Kenyatta ne Ruto''' === [[File:Uhuru Kenyatta.jpg|thumb|Uhuru Kenyatta]] Mu 2013, Kenya yategeka okulonda kwayo okwasooka okubaawo wansi wa Ssemateeka wa 2010. Uhuru Kenyatta yawangula, wadde ng'ebyava mu kulonda byawakanyizibwa mu kkooti ensukkulumu eya Kenya, ng'omukulembeze w'oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, Raila Odinga, ye yali akulembeddemu okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Supreme Court upholds Uhuru's election as president |url=https://www.nation.co.ke/news/politics/1064-1734782-jlg2e7/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130055614/https://www.nation.co.ke/news/politics/1064-1734782-jlg2e7/index.html |archive-date=30 January 2019 |access-date=29 January 2019 |website=Daily Nation}}</ref> Uhuru Kenyatta yaddamu okulondebwa mu 2017 mu kulonda okulala okwali kubuusibwabuusibwa. Odinga yavunaana ekitongole kya Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission olw'okuddukanya obubi okulonda ne Kenyatta ne kibiina kye olw'okubba obululu. Kkooti ensukkulumu yasazaamu ebyava mu kulonda mu nsala ey'amaanyi eyassaawo ekifo kyayo ng'omuntu eyeetengeredde okukebera pulezidenti.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Burke|first=Jason|date=25 October 2017|title=Kenya election rerun to go ahead after court fails to rule on delay|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/25/kenya-presidential-election-rerun-to-go-ahead-supreme-court|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128001939/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/25/kenya-presidential-election-rerun-to-go-ahead-supreme-court|archive-date=28 January 2019|access-date=29 January 2019|work=The Guardian|issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2017 |title=Kenya court decision demonstrates respect for rule of law {{!}} IDLO |url=https://www.idlo.int/kenya-court-decision-demonstrates-respect-rule-of-law |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130110210/https://www.idlo.int/kenya-court-decision-demonstrates-respect-rule-of-law |archive-date=30 January 2019 |access-date=29 January 2019 |website=idlo.int}}</ref> Mu kulonda okwaddibwamu, Kenyatta yawangula oluvannyuma lwa Odinga okugaana okwetaba mu kulonda, ng'agamba nti waaliwo obutali butuukirivu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=Standard |title=President Uhuru Kenyatta declared winner of repeat presidential election |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001258851/uhuru-kenyatta-wins-repeat-election-with-7-4-million-votes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130000122/https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001258851/uhuru-kenyatta-wins-repeat-election-with-7-4-million-votes |archive-date=30 January 2019 |access-date=29 January 2019 |website=The Standard}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Moore|first=Jina|date=30 October 2017|title=President Uhuru Kenyatta declared winner of repeat presidential election|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/30/world/africa/kenya-election-kenyatta-odinga.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725033311/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/30/world/africa/kenya-election-kenyatta-odinga.html|archive-date=25 July 2018|access-date=29 January 2019|work=The New York Times}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2018, okukwatagana mu ngalo wakati wa Kenyatta ne Odinga kyategeeza ekiseera eky’okutabagana nga kino kyaddirirwa okweyongera mu by'enfuna n’obutebenkevu obweyongera.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wilson |first=Tom |date=1 November 2019 |title=Handshake ends crisis and leads to signs of progress in Kenya |url=https://www.ft.com/content/59339450-d555-11e9-8d46-8def889b4137 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514095330/https://www.ft.com/content/59339450-d555-11e9-8d46-8def889b4137 |archive-date=14 May 2021 |access-date=27 June 2021 |website=Financial Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2018-05-31 |title=The Handshake that Shaped a Nation |url=https://kenyaconnection.org/the-handshake-that-shaped-a-nation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423095259/https://kenyaconnection.org/the-handshake-that-shaped-a-nation/ |archive-date=23 April 2021 |access-date=21 June 2021 |website=Kenya Connection |language=en-US}}</ref> Wakati wa 2019 ne 2021, ababiri bano baagatta amaanyi okutumbula enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu Ssemateeka wa Kenya, ezaayitibwa "Building Bridges Initiative" (BBI). Baagamba nti kaweefube waabwe yali wa kutumbula nkwatagana n’okuvvuunuka enkola y’okulonda mu Kenya eyateranga okuvaamu obutabanguko oluvannyuma lw’okulonda.<ref name="bbi_blocked_2021_05_14_bbc">Omondi, Ferdinand: [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-57094387 "Kenya's BBI blocked in scathing court verdict for President Kenyatta"], {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514132005/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-57094387|date=14 May 2021}} 14 May 2021, [[BBC News]] (Africa), retrieved 14 May 2021</ref><ref name="kenyan_court_2021_05_13_reuters">Miriri, Duncan: [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kenya-politics-idAFKBN2CU24L "Kenyan court slams brakes on president's constitutional changes"], {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514144827/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-kenya-politics-idAFKBN2CU24L|date=14 May 2021}} 13 May 2021, [[Reuters News Service]], retrieved 14 May 2021</ref> Ekirowoozo kya BBI kyali kyetaagisa okugaziya ennyo ekitongole ekikola amateeka n'ekitongole ekikola ku nsonga ez'enjawulo, nga mw'otwalidde n'okutondawo ssaabaminisita ng'alina abamyuka babiri n'omukulembeze ow'enkalakkalira ow'oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, nga kino kikomyawo enkola ey'okulonda ba minisita okuva mu bammemba ba Paalamenti abalonde. Okutondawo Konsityuwensi empya 70, n'okwongerako abantu 300 abatalondebwa mu Paalamenti (wansi w'enteekateeka eyitibwa "affirmative action" plan).<ref name="bbi_blocked_2021_05_14_bbc" /><ref name="kenyan_court_2021_05_13_reuters" /> [[File:President Ruto Potrait 2022.jpg|thumb|William Ruto]] Abavumirira baalaba kino ng'okugezaako okuwa ebirabo amaka g'ebyobufuzi era n'okukendeeza ku kufuba kw'omummyuka wa Pulezidenti William Ruto okunoonya obwa pulezidenti, n'okugaziya gavumenti ku bbeeyi eya waggulu eri eggwanga eririmu amabanja amangi. Mu nkomerero, mu Gwokutaano 2021, Kkooti Enkulu eya Kenya yasalawo nti BBI kyali kikontana n'etteeka, kubanga kyali kigendererwa kya gavumenti okusinga okuba ekyetaago ky'abantu. Kkooti yavumirira Kenyatta, n'eraga ensonga lwaki yali asobola okuwawaabirwa oba n'okuggyibwa mu woofiisi. Okusalawo kuno kwatwalibwa ng'okufiirwa okw'amaanyi eri Kenyatta ne Odinga, naye nga kyongera ku mikisa gya Odinga mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti okw'omu maaso, Ruto. Mu Gwomunaana 2021, Kkooti ya Kenya ejulirwamu yakkiriza ensala ya Kkooti Enkulu mu kujulira okuva mu BBI Secretariat.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 August 2021 |title=Kenyan court rejects disputed bid to change constitution |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/20/kenyan-court-rejects-disputed-bid-to-change-constitution |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210826074033/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/20/kenyan-court-rejects-disputed-bid-to-change-constitution |archive-date=26 August 2021 |access-date=27 August 2021 |website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> Ruto yawangula akalulu k'obwa pulezidenti aka 2022, ng'awangudde Odinga okufuuka pulezidenti wa Kenya ow'okutaano..<ref>{{cite news|date=15 August 2022|title=Kenya election result: William Ruto wins presidential poll|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-62554210|access-date=19 August 2022|archive-date=15 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815164106/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-62554210|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Obulutsa|first1=George|last2=Mersie|first2=Ayenat|date=13 September 2022|title=William Ruto sworn in as Kenya's fifth president|publisher=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/william-ruto-be-sworn-kenyas-president-2022-09-13/|access-date=13 September 2022|archive-date=5 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005113113/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/william-ruto-be-sworn-kenyas-president-2022-09-13/|url-status=live}}</ref> Mu 2024, Ruto ne Kenya Kwanza coalition baayolekaganye n'okwekalakaasa okw'amaanyi olw'etteeka lya Kenya Finance Bill 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 June 2024 |title=Protests in Nairobi over Kenya government's tax hikes &#124; BBC News |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y1Scqw5epho |via=YouTube}}</ref> == Obutonde bwayo == Ku 580,367 km2 (224,081 sq mi),<ref name="cia">{{Cite web |last=Central Intelligence Agency |author-link=Central Intelligence Agency |year=2012 |title=Kenya |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kenya/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210124224025/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kenya/ |archive-date=24 January 2021 |access-date=28 May 2013 |website=[[The World Factbook]]}}</ref> Kenya ekwata ekifo kya 47 mu nsi ezisinga obunene mu nsi yonna (oluvannyuma lwa Madagascar). Esangibwa wakati wa latitudi 5°N ne 5°S, ne longitudi 34° ne 42°E. Okuva ku lubalama lwa Ssemayanja Indian Ocean, olusenyi olwansi lulinnya okutuuka ku nsozi ez'omu masekkati agayawulwamu ekiwonvu ekinene, era waliwo ebitundu ebirimu ettaka eggimu ku njuyi zombi, okwetooloola [[Ennyanja Nalubaale|Ennyanja Nnalubaale]] n'Ebuvanjuba.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Murayama |first1=Yuji |date=2017-03-29 |title=Urban Development in Asia and Africa: Geospatial Analysis of Metropolises |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C_6ODgAAQBAJ&dq=Kenya+fertile+plateau+east&pg=PA296 |last2=Kamusoko |first2=Courage |last3=Yamashita |first3=Akio |last4=Estoque |first4=Ronald C. |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-981-10-3241-7 |access-date=27 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506160203/https://books.google.com/books?id=C_6ODgAAQBAJ&dq=Kenya+fertile+plateau+east&pg=PA296 |archive-date=6 May 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Stokes |first=Jamie |date=2009 |title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=stl97FdyRswC&dq=Kenya+fertile+plateau+east&pg=PA364 |publisher=Infobase Publishing |isbn=978-1-4381-2676-0 |access-date=27 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415153550/https://books.google.com/books?id=stl97FdyRswC&dq=Kenya+fertile+plateau+east&pg=PA364 |archive-date=15 April 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ebitundu bya Kenya eby'Ensozi bye bimu ku bitundu ebisinga okufulumya eby'obulimi mu Afirika.<ref name=":02">{{cite book |author=CIA |year=2010 |title=The World Factbook |publisher=Potomac Books, Inc. |isbn=978-1-59797-541-4 |page=336}}</ref> Ensozi ze zisangibwa ekifo ekisinga obuwanvu mu Kenya n'olusozi olw'okubiri olusinga obuwanvu ku ssemazinga: Olusozi Kenya, olutuuka ku buwanvu bwa m 5,199 (futi 17,057) era nga we wali omuzira. Olusozi Kilimanjaro (m 5,895 oba futi 19,341) lusobola okulabibwa okuva e Kenya okutuuka mu Bukiikaddyo bw'ensalo ya Tanzania. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde mu Kenya ekyukakyuka okuva ku kitundu ekirimu ebbugumu eringi okumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja, okudda ku kitundu ekirimu ebbugumu eringi mu masekkati g'eggwanga, okudda ku kitundu ekirimu ekyeya mu Bukiikakkono n'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bw'eggwanga. Ekitundu kino kifuna omusana mungi buli mwezi. Emirundi egisinga obudde buba bwa bunnyogovu ekiro ate ku makya nga bukyali bwa bunnyogovu mu masekkati g'eggwanga, ate mu bukiikakkono n'obukiikakkono bw'obuvanjuba bw'eggwanga, obudde buba bwa bbugumu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kenya – Pride Nature Safaris |url=https://pridenaturesafaris.com/our-destinations/kenya/ |access-date=2026-04-09 |website=pridenaturesafaris.com}}</ref> "Enkuba ey'ekiseera ekiwanvu" etuuka okuva mu Gwokusatu/Gwokuna okutuuka mu Gwokutaano/Gwomukaaga. Sizoni "y'enkuba entono" etuuka okuva mu Gwekkumi okutuuka mu Gwekkuminogumu/Gwekkumineebiri. Enkuba oluusi eba nnyingi era etera okutonnya mu ttuntu n'olw'eggulo. Enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ekyusa enkola y'obutonde ey'ekiseera ky'enkuba, ekireeta enkuba okutonnya entono – ekivuddeko amataba –<ref>{{cite book |last=Salih |first=Mohamed |year=2012 |title=Local Climate Change and Society |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9780415627153 |page=119}}</ref> n'okukendeeza ku kyeya okuva ku buli myaka kkumi okudda ku buli mwaka, ekivirako ekyeya eky'amaanyi nga ekyeya ekyabalukwo mu Kenya ekya 2008–09.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Peck |first1=Dannele E. |year=2015 |title=Climate Variability and Water Dependent Sectors: Impacts and Potential Adaptations |last2=Peterson |first2=Jeffrey M. |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-61427-2}}</ref> Ebbugumu lisigala nga lya waggulu mu myezi gino egy'enkuba mu kitundu ky'ekibira. Ekiseera ekisinga okuba eky'ebbugumu kibaawo mu Gwokubiri n'Ogwokusatu, nga kino kye kiseera ky'enkuba ennyingi, ate ekiseera ekisinga okuba eky'obunnyogovu kibaawo mu Gwomusanvu, okutuusa mu makkati go Gwomunaana.<ref name=":3">{{cite web |title=Kenya climate: average weather, temperature, precipitation, best time |url=https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802230142/https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/kenya |archive-date=2 August 2020 |access-date=2020-01-15 |website=climatestotravel.com}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsiko''' Kenya erina ettaka ddene eriweereddwayo okubeeramu ebifo ebibeeramu ebisolo by'omu nsiko, omuli n'ekkuumiro ly'ebisolo erya Tsavo ne Masai Mara, awabeera blue wildebeest n'ebika by'ebisolo ebirala ebibeera mu nsiko ebibeera mu kibinja ekinene buli mwaka. Wildebeest ezisukka mu kakadde kamu n'entugga 200,000 ze zibeera mu kibinja kino nga ziyita ku mugga Mara..<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 January 2012 |title=Wildebeest Migration |url=https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/wildebeest-migration/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160612175545/http://nationalgeographic.org/media/wildebeest-migration/ |archive-date=12 June 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016 |website=National Geographic Society}}</ref> Ensolo za Africa eziyitibwa "Ensolo ennene ettaano" mwe muli empologoma, engo, embogo, envubu, n'ejjovu, zisangibwa mu Kenya era naddala mu Masai Mara. Omuwendo omunene ogw'ensolo endala ez'omu nsiko, ebyewalula, n'ebinyonyi bisangibwa mu mbuga z'eggwanga ne mu bifo ebirala ebikuumibwamu ebisolo mu ggwanga. Okusenguka kw'ebisolo okwa buli omwaka kubaawo wakati w'Ogwomukaaga n'Ogwomwenda nga bukadde na bukadde bw'ebisolo bwe busenguka, ne kisikiriza eby'obulambuzi eby'omuwendo okuva ebweru w'eggwanga. Obukadde bubiri bw'ebisolo ebiyitibwa wildebeest biddukira olugendo lwa kiromita 2,900 (1,802 mi) okuva mu Serengeti mu Tanzania eriraanyeewo okudda mu Masai Mara<ref>{{cite web |last=Bashir |first=Hanif |date=27 May 2015 |title=Masai Mara Safari – The Migration &#124; Tour Packages |url=https://www.kenyatraveltips.com/masai-mara-safari/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302014643/https://www.kenyatraveltips.com/masai-mara-safari/ |archive-date=2 March 2021 |access-date=3 March 2021 |work=Kenya Travel Tips}}</ref> mu Kenya, nga buli kiseera bigenda mu maaso nga bwe bikyuka, nga binoonya emmere n'amazzi. Okusenguka kw'ebisolo ebiyitibwa wildebeest mu Serengeti byawandiikibwa mu by'ewuunyo omusanvu eby'obutonde mu Afirika.<ref>{{cite news|last=Pflanz|first=Mike|date=2010-06-13|title=New road threatens Africa's 'wonder of the world' wildebeest migration|language=en-GB|work=The Daily Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/tanzania/7824876/New-road-threatens-Africas-wonder-of-the-world-wildebeest-migration.html|url-status=live|access-date=2020-01-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200115133738/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/tanzania/7824876/New-road-threatens-Africas-wonder-of-the-world-wildebeest-migration.html|archive-date=15 January 2020|issn=0307-1235}}</ref> '''Okukuuma obutonde''' Kenya yalina omuwendo gwa 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ogwa 4.2/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 133 mu nsi yonna ku nsi 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{Cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> Conservation International ekola mu Kenya okuyita mu Conservation International Kenya, pulogulaamu y'eggwanga eyatandikibwawo mu 2014 eraga alipoota ku mirimu egikolebwa ku yiika obukadde 4.9, omuli okukuuma ebibira n'ebifo ebisolo we birundira n'okubizzaawo, eby'obulambuzi, n'ebikolebwa okukendeeza ku mbeera y'obudde nga REDD+.<ref name="CIKenyaPlaces">{{cite web |title=Kenya |url=https://www.conservation.org/places/kenya |website=Conservation International}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'eby'obufuzi == [[File:President Ruto Potrait 2022.jpg|thumb|William Ruto Pulezidenti]] [[File:Kithure Kindiki.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti]] Kenya nsi eya demokulasiya era erina enkola y'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi. Pulezidenti ye mukulembeze w'eggwanga era ye mukulembeze wa gavumenti. Obuyinza obukola ku nsonga ez'enjawulo bukolebwa gavumenti. Obuyinza obukola ku mateeka buweebwa gavumenti, Paalamenti y'eggwanga n'Olukiiko lw'eggwanga. Ekitongole ekiramuzi ky'etongola okuva ku kakiiko akakulembeze ne Paalamenti. Wabaddewo okweraliikirira okweyongera, naddala mu kiseera ky'obukulembeze bwa pulezidenti eyaliko Daniel arap Moi, nti ekikola ku nsonga z'eggwanga kyali kyeyongera okweyingiza mu nsonga z'ekitongole ekiramuzi.<ref>{{cite web |last=Novak |first=Andrew |title=The Criminal Justice System and Eroding Democracy After Independence – Page 12 |url=http://racism.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1448:mandatorydeathpenalty03&catid=140&Itemid=155&showall=&limitstart=11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160603102544/http://racism.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1448:mandatorydeathpenalty03&catid=140&Itemid=155&showall=&limitstart=11 |archive-date=3 June 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016 |website=racism.org}}</ref> Kenya erina obulyi bw'enguzi bungi okusinziira ku Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), omuwendo ogugezaako okupima obunene bw'obuli bw'enguzi mu bitongole bya gavumenti mu nsi ez'enjawulo. Mu 2019, eggwanga lyali mu kifo kya 137 ku nsi 180 mu lukalala, n'obubonero 28 ku 100.<ref>{{cite web |date=24 January 2020 |title=Corruption Perceptions Index 2019 |url=https://www.transparency.org/cpi2019?/news/feature/cpi-2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200512190641/https://www.transparency.org/cpi2019?%2Fnews%2Ffeature%2Fcpi-2019 |archive-date=12 May 2020 |access-date=20 February 2020 |website=transparency.org |publisher=[[Transparency International]]}}</ref> Naye waliwo ebintu bingi eby'enkizo ebikoleddwa okusobola okukendeeza obuli bw'enguzi mu gavumenti ya Kenya, gamba ng'okutandikawo akakiiko akapya era aketengeredde akalwanyisa enguzi aka Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission (EACC).<ref>{{cite web |title=Business Corruption in Kenya |url=http://www.business-anti-corruption.com/country-profiles/sub-saharan-africa/kenya/business-corruption-in-kenya.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140406012851/http://www.business-anti-corruption.com/country-profiles/sub-saharan-africa/kenya/business-corruption-in-kenya.aspx |archive-date=6 April 2014 |access-date=4 April 2014 |publisher=Business Anti-Corruption Portal}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okulonda okwaliwo mu 1997, etteeka erya Constitution of Kenya Review Act, eryali litegekeddwa okutereeza obulungi mu ssemateeka wa Kenya, lyayisibwa Paalamenti ya Kenya.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121030152612/http://www.kenyaconstitution.org/history/ A short history of the 2010 Kenya constitution] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030152612/http://www.kenyaconstitution.org/history/|date=30 October 2012}}. kenyaconstitution.org</ref> Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2002, Kenya yafuna okulonda okw'amazima n'obwenkanya, okwalabibwa ng'okw'amazima era okw'obwenkanya okusinziira ku balabi b'ensi yonna<ref>{{cite news|title=International observers declare Kenyan elections fair|work=cbc.ca|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/international-observers-declare-kenyan-elections-fair-1.349882|url-status=live|access-date=13 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530210357/http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/international-observers-declare-kenyan-elections-fair-1.349882|archive-date=30 May 2016}}</ref> TOkulonda kwa 2002 kwali kwa makulu nnyo era nga kulaga enkyukakyuka. Okulonda kwa 2002 kwali kwa mugaso nnyo mu kukyusa enkola ya demokulasiya mu Kenya mu ngeri nti obuyinza bwakyusibwa mu mirembe okuva mu Kenya African National Union (KANU), eyali efuze eggwanga okuva ku bwetwaze, okudda mu National Rainbow Coalition (NARC), omukago gw'ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi. Wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Mwai Kibaki, omukago omupya ogufuga gwasuubiza okussa amaanyi gaagwo ku kuleetawo enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna, okulwanyisa obuli bw'enguzi, okulongoosa eby'enjigiriza, n'okuddamu okuwandiika Ssemateeka waagwo. Ebimu ku bisuubizo bino bituukiriziddwa. Waliwo okusoma kwa pulayimale okw'obwereere.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Turning Point: Free Primary Education in Kenya – NORRAG |url=https://resources.norrag.org/resource/view/40/162 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204085234/https://resources.norrag.org/resource/view/40/162 |archive-date=4 February 2021 |access-date=21 December 2020 |website=norrag.org}}</ref> Mu 2007, gavumenti yafulumya ekiwandiiko ng'erangirira nti okuva mu 2008, okusoma kwa sekendule tekwali kwa kusasulirwa ssente nnyingi, nga gavumenti esasula ebisale by'essomero byonna.<ref>{{Cite news|date=11 February 2008|title=Africa &#124; Free secondary schools for Kenya|work=BBC News|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7239577.stm|url-status=live|access-date=26 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203081815/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7239577.stm|archive-date=3 December 2012}}</ref> '''Okulonda kwa 2013 ne gavumenti empya''' Mu Ssemateeka omupya era ne Pulezidenti Kibaki yagaanibwa olw'ekkomo ku bisanja obutaddamu kwesimbawo mu kisanja eky'okusatu, Omumyuka wa Ssaabaminisita Uhuru Kenyatta yeesimbawo mu woofiisi. Yawangula n'ebitundu 50.51% eby'obululu mu Gwokusatu 2013. Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2014, Pulezidenti Kenyatta yassa omukono ku tteeka erikwata ku by’okwerinda eryali likyusiddwaamu, abawagizi b’etteeka lino abaali balikkiririzaamu baagamba nti lyali lyetaagisa okukuuma abantu okuva ku bibinja by’abayeekera. Bannabyabufuzi ab’oludda oluvuganya gavumenti, ebibiina ebirwanirira eddembe ly’obuntu, n’amawanga mwenda ag’omu Bulaaya baavumirira etteeka eryo, nga bagamba nti lyali likosa eddembe ly’obuntu. Gavumenti ya America, Bungereza, Bugirimaani, ne Bufaransa nazo zaawera ekiwandiiko ky'awamu eri bannamawulire nga balabula ku ngeri etteeka lino gye liyinza okukosaamu abantu. Okuyitira mu Jubilee Coalition, etteeka lino oluvannyuma lyayisibwa nga 19 Ogwekkumineebiri mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga mu mbeera embi ennyo.<ref>{{Cite news|date=19 December 2014|title=Kenya president signs tough 'anti-terror' law|publisher=Al Jazeera|url=https://en-maktoob.news.yahoo.com/kenya-passes-divisive-anti-terror-law-090047236.html|url-status=dead|access-date=22 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141222200412/https://en-maktoob.news.yahoo.com/kenya-passes-divisive-anti-terror-law-090047236.html|archive-date=22 December 2014}}</ref> '''Enkolagana n'amawanga g'ebweru''' [[File:President Obama's visit to Kenya (20062221510).jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Obama ng'akyaddeko mu Kenya]] Enkolagana ne Somalia ebadde nzibu nnyo mu byafaayo, wadde nga wabaddewo okukolera awamu mu by'amagye okulwanyisa abayeekera ab'obusiraamu. Kenya erina enkolagana ennungi ne Bungereza.<ref name="upenn">[http://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/kforeignrelation.htm Kenya – Foreign Relations] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160423011916/http://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/kforeignrelation.htm|date=23 April 2016}}. Retrieved on 16 January 2015.</ref> Kenya y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okuwagira Amerika mu Afirika, n'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 June 2006 |title=Opinion of the United States |url=http://www.pewglobal.org/database/indicator/1/country/113/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405225516/https://www.pewglobal.org/database/indicator/1/country/113/ |archive-date=5 April 2019 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=Pewglobal.org}}</ref> Nga ennaku z’okuwozesebwa mu kkooti y’ensi yonna zitegekeddwa mu 2013 ku Pulezidenti Kenyatta n’omumyuka we Pulezidenti William Ruto ku bikwata ku byava mu kulonda kwa 2007, Pulezidenti wa Amerika Barack Obama, alina obuzaale bwa Kenya, yasalawo obutakyalako mu ggwanga eryo mu lukyala lwe olw’omu makkati ga 2013 mu Afirika.<ref>Epatko, Larisa, [https://web.archive.org/web/20140121185125/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/2013/06/africa-tour.html "Why Obama Is Visiting Senegal, South Africa and Tanzania But Not Kenya"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140121185125/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/2013/06/africa-tour.html|date=21 January 2014}}, ''[[PBS NewsHour]]'', 25 June 2013. Retrieved 18 August 2013.</ref> Oluvannyuma mu biseera by'omusana, Kenyatta yakyalira China ku kuyitibwa kwa Pulezidenti Xi Jinping oluvannyuma lw'okuyimirirako mu Russia era nga yali tannakyalako mu United States nga pulezidenti.<ref name="wp01">Raghavan, Sudarsan, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/in-snub-to-washington-kenyan-president-visits-china-russia-in-first-official-visit-outside-africa/2013/08/17/baaed162-06a4-11e3-bfc5-406b928603b2_story.html "In snub to Washington, Kenyan president visits China, Russia first"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129115608/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/in-snub-to-washington-kenyan-president-visits-china-russia-in-first-official-visit-outside-africa/2013/08/17/baaed162-06a4-11e3-bfc5-406b928603b2_story.html|date=29 November 2014}}, ''The Washington Post'', 17 August 2013. Ambassador Liu's comments at capitalfm.co.ke linked to [https://web.archive.org/web/20130818125924/http://www.capitalfm.co.ke/eblog/2013/08/16/kenya-and-china-achieving-shared-dreams-hand-in-hand/ capitalfm.co.ke] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818125924/http://www.capitalfm.co.ke/eblog/2013/08/16/kenya-and-china-achieving-shared-dreams-hand-in-hand/|date=18 August 2013}}. Retrieved 18 August 2013.</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu 2015, Obama yakyalira Kenya, pulezidenti wa America eyasooka okukyalira eggwanga eryo ng'akyali mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |last=George Kegoro |title=Circumstances created need that made visit possible |url=http://www.nation.co.ke/oped/Opinion/Barack-Obama-Visit-Uhuru-Kenyatta-William-Ruto-ICC/-/440808/2808378/-/dmt8p2/-/index.html |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828050809/http://www.nation.co.ke/oped/Opinion/Barack-Obama-Visit-Uhuru-Kenyatta-William-Ruto-ICC/-/440808/2808378/-/dmt8p2/-/index.html |archive-date=28 August 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=Nation.co.ke}}</ref> Ekitongole kya British Army Training Unit Kenya (BATUK) kikozesebwa mu kutendeka amagye ga Bungereza agalwanyira ku ttaka mu bitundu eby'ekyeya era ebirimu ensozi mu Great Rift Valley.<ref>"[https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2001/jul/01/politics.world Britain's secret killing fields] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806113032/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2001/jul/01/politics.world|date=6 August 2019}}". ''The Guardian''. 1 July 2001</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The British Army in Africa |url=http://www.army.mod.uk/operations-deployments/22724.aspx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630055845/http://www.army.mod.uk/operations-deployments/22724.aspx |archive-date=30 June 2016 |access-date=20 June 2016 |website=army.mod.uk/ |publisher=Ministry of Defence}}</ref> '''Amagye''' Amagye ga Kenya Defence Forces ge gakuuma Kenya. Amagye ga Kenya, Amagye ga Kenya ag'okumazzi, n'amagye agalwanira mu bbanga ge gakola amagye g'Eggwanga gonna. Amagye ga Kenya agaliwo kati gaatandikibwawo, era enkola yaago n'erambikibwa, mu Kawaayiro 241 ak'endagaano ya 2010 eya Ssemateeka wa Kenya; eggye lya KDF lifugibwa etteeka lya Kenya Defence Forces Act erya 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Defence |title=Kenya Defence Forces Act – No. 25 of 2012 |url=http://www.mod.go.ke/pubs/kdfAct.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003132740/http://www.mod.go.ke/pubs/kdfAct.pdf/ |archive-date=3 October 2018 |access-date=6 May 2014 |publisher=National Council for Law Reporting}}</ref> Pulezidenti wa Kenya ye muduumizi w'amagye maggye gonna. Amagye gatera okusindikibwa okukuuma emirembe okwetooloola ensi yonna. Okugatta ku ekyo, oluvannyuma lw'okulonda okwaliwo mu Gwekkumineebiri 2007 n'obutabanguko obwaddirira, akakiiko akanoonyereza, Akakiiko ka Waki, kaasiima obwetegefu bwako era ne kakalangirira nti "kakoze obulungi omulimu gwako."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Commission of Inquiry into the Post Election Violence |url=http://www.eastandard.net/downloads/Waki_Report.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220154028/http://www.eastandard.net/downloads/Waki_Report.pdf |archive-date=20 December 2008}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, wabaddewo okwemulugunya okw'amaanyi ku kutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu, okusinga gye buvuddeko nga bakola ebikwekweto by'okulwanyisa abayeekera mu kitundu kya Mt Elgon<ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya National Commission on Human Rights |url=http://www.knchr.org/dmdocuments/Mt%20Elgon%20.PDF |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214072227/http://www.knchr.org/dmdocuments/Mt%20Elgon%20.PDF |archive-date=14 February 2012}}</ref> era ne mu Masekkati ga Disitulikiti y'e Mandera.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170703143833/http://www.nation.co.ke/News/-/1056/486206/-/view/printVersion/-/15cwkg8/-/index.html Security men accused of torture and rape] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703143833/http://www.nation.co.ke/News/-/1056/486206/-/view/printVersion/-/15cwkg8/-/index.html|date=3 July 2017}} Daily Nation. 11 January 2008.</ref> Amagye ga Kenya, okufaananako ebitongole bya gavumenti ebirala mu ggwanga, gakwatiddwako nnyo olw'ebigambibwa nti gaalya enguzi. Olw'okuba emirimu gy'amagye gibadde gikolebwa mu nkukutu olw'okutya nti gisobola okutaataaganyizibwa, obulyi bw'enguzi buno bubadde bukwekeddwa okuva mu bantu, era nga tebusobola kulabibwa bantu, era nga tebumanyiddwa. Kino kikyuse gye buvuddeko awo. Mu ebyo ebitalabwangako mu Kenya, mu 2010, waliwo ebyayogerwa ku buli bw'enguzi ebikwata ku kuwa abantu emirimu<ref>The Standard 31 October 2010 Activists give military 5 days to re-admit recruit INTERNET [http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/InsidePage.php?id=2000021408&catid=159&a=1 standardmedia.co.ke] {{dead link|date=December 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} Cited on 3 January 2011</ref> n'okugula ebidduka ebiriko eby'okulwanyisa. Okugatta ku ekyo, amagezi n'okukola okusalawo okulungi eri eby'okulwanyisa ebigulibwa bibadde by'emulugunyizibwako mu lujjudde. '''Engabanya y'obukulembeze.''' Kenya egabanyizibwamu amasaza 47 agalina obwetwaze obutonotono agakulemberwa bagavana. Amasaza gano 47 ge gakola ebitundu bya Kenya ebisookerwako. Ebifo ebisembayo obutono mu Kenya biyitibwa locations. Ebifo bino bitera okuba nga bye bimu n'ebitundu by'okulonderamu. Ebifo bino bitera okutuumibwa amannya g'ebibuga oba ebyalo ebiri mu masekkati gaabyo. Ebibuga ebinene birimu ebifo bingi. Buli kifo kirina omukulu, alondebwa gavumenti. Konsityuwensi bye bifo ebironderwamu, nga buli Ssaza lirimu omuwendo gw'ebifo ebironderwamu. Akakiiko k'ensalo akaakaseera katondebwawo mu 2010 okwekenneenya ebifo ebironderwamu era mu alipoota yaako, kyasemba okutondawo Konsityuwensi endala 80 ezironderwamu. Nga okulonda kwa 2013 tekunnabaawo, waaliwo Konsityuwensi ebironderwamu 210 mu Kenya.<ref>Kenya Roads Board [https://web.archive.org/web/20080113052023/http://www.krb.go.ke/constituency.php Constituency funding under the RMLF]</ref> '''Eddembe ly'obuntu''' Ebikolwa by'okulya ebisiyaga tebikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu Kenya era bitera okubonerezebwa n'okusibwa emyaka 14.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=Laws on Homosexuality in African Nations |url=https://www.loc.gov/law/help/criminal-laws-on-homosexuality/african-nations-laws.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170619211045/http://www.loc.gov/law/help/criminal-laws-on-homosexuality/african-nations-laws.php |archive-date=19 June 2017 |access-date=3 June 2017 |website=Library of Congress}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2020 okwakolebwa ekitongole kya Pew Research Center, ebitundu 83% ebya Bannakenya bakkiriza nti okulya ebisiyaga tekulina kukkirizibwa mu bantu.<ref name="pewresearch.org">{{Cite web |last1=Poushter |first1=Jacob |last2=Kent |first2=Nicholas |date=25 June 2020 |title=The Global Divide on Homosexuality Persists |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2020/06/25/global-divide-on-homosexuality-persists/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701105248/https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2020/06/25/global-divide-on-homosexuality-persists/ |archive-date=1 July 2022 |access-date=6 August 2022 |publisher=Pew Research Center}}</ref> Mu lukungaana lwa bannamawulire olwali wamu ne Pulezidenti Barack Obama mu 2015, Pulezidenti Kenyatta yagaana okukakasa obumalirivu bwa Kenya eri eddembe ly'abalyi b'ebisiyaga, ng'agamba nti "ensonga y'eddembe ly'abalyi b'ebisiyaga ddala si nsonga... Naye waliwo ebintu ebimu bye tulina okukkiriza nti tetubirina era tetubigabana. Obuwangwa bwaffe, abantu baffe tebakkiriza."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Holmes|first1=Kristen|last2=Scott|first2=Eugene|title=Obama lectures Kenyan president on gay rights|url=https://www.cnn.com/2015/07/25/politics/obama-kenya-kenyatta/index.html|url-status=live|publisher=CNN|date=25 July 2017|access-date=24 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515205038/https://www.cnn.com/2015/07/25/politics/obama-kenya-kenyatta/index.html|archive-date=15 May 2020}}</ref> Mu Gwekkuminogumu 2008, WikiLeaks yaleeta okumanyibwa okw'ensi yonna mu alipoota ya ''The Cry of Blood'', eraga okutta abamenyi b'amateeka okw'ebweru w'amateeka okwakolebwa poliisi ya Kenya. Mu alipoota eno, ekitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku ddembe ly'obuntu ekya Kenya National Commission on Human Rights (KNCHR) kyawaayo okunoonyereza kwakyo mu kuzuula kwakyo okukulu "e)", nga kigamba nti okubula kw'abantu n'okutta abantu okw'ebweru w'amateeka byalabika ng'ebiragiro bya gavumenti ebyawagirwa abakulembeze b'ebyobufuzi ne poliisi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 September 2008 |title='The Cry of Blood' — Report on Extra-Judicial Killings and Disappearances |url=http://www.ediec.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Kenia/KNCHR_REPORT_ON_POLICE.pdf |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101214044349/http://www.ediec.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Kenia/KNCHR_REPORT_ON_POLICE.pdf |archive-date=14 December 2010 |access-date=29 December 2010 |publisher=[[Kenya National Commission on Human Rights]]/Enforced Disappearances Information Exchange Center}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1 April 2017 |title=Was extra-judicial killing of Eastleigh 'thugs' justified? Kenyans divided » Capital News |url=http://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2017/04/was-extra-judicial-killing-of-eastleigh-thugs-justified-kenyans-divided/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170619115319/http://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2017/04/was-extra-judicial-killing-of-eastleigh-thugs-justified-kenyans-divided/ |archive-date=19 June 2017 |access-date=29 June 2017}}</ref> == Eby'enfuna == Eby'enfuna bya Kenya biraze okukulaakulana okw'amaanyi mu myaka egiyise, okusingira ddala okuva mu pulojekiti z'enguudo, egaali y'omukka, eby'entambula ey'omu bbanga n'eku mazzi, awamu n'okusiga ensimbi mu tekinologiya ow'empuliziganya n'okutereka obubaka. Eby'enfuna bya Kenya bye bisinga obunene mu East Africa. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze, Kenya yakulaakulanya eby'enfuna byayo mu bwangu ng'eyita mu kusiga ssente za gavumenti, okukubiriza okulima okw'abalimi abatonotono era n'okuteekawo embeera ennungi ey'okusiga ensimbi mu makolero ag'obwannannyini. Kenya y'esinga okutambuza ebyamaguzi n'ensimbi mu East Africa. Ekitongole ky'ebyensimbi mu Kenya kikola bulungi, kikulaakulanye era kirimu eby'enfuna eby'enjawulo nga kino kye kisinga okubaamu abantu abeeyunira eby'enfuna mu kitundu kino era ne mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kenyan Economy – The National Treasury |url=https://www.treasury.go.ke/kenya-economy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228125720/https://www.treasury.go.ke/kenya-economy/ |archive-date=28 February 2024 |access-date=2024-02-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> Okusiga ensimbi okuva ebweru mu Kenya kusigala nga kunafu nnyoo bw'ogeraageranya n'obunene bw'ebyenfuna byakyo n'omutindo gw'enkulaakulana yaakyo. Mu 2022, omuwendo gwa FDI yonna mu Kenya gwali obuwumbi bwa ddoola za Amerika 10.4, nga kino kikola ebitundu 9.5% byokka ebya GDP y'eggwanga.<ref>{{cite web |title=Foreign direct investment (FDI) in Kenya – International Trade Portal |url=https://www.lloydsbanktrade.com/en/market-potential/kenya/investment |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240228125720/https://www.lloydsbanktrade.com/en/market-potential/kenya/investment |archive-date=28 February 2024 |access-date=2024-02-28 |website=www.lloydsbanktrade.com}}</ref> Kenya erina Human Development Index (HDI) ya 0.628 (omutono), ng'eri mu kifo kya 143 ku bifo 193 mu nsi yonna mu 2023. Mu 2022, 25.4% ku Bannakenya baali babeera ku ssente ezitasukka $2.15 buli lunaku. Okusinziira ku bubaka obupya okuva mu 2022, ebitundu 25.4% ku bantu bakosebwa obwavu obw’engeri ez’enjawulo era n’abalala 26.4% nga bali mu katyabaga k’okubufuna. Mu 2017, Kenya yali mu kifo kya 92 mu nsi Banka y'ensi yonna ng'ensi ennyangu okukoleramu bizinesi ng'erinnya okuva mu kifo kya 113 mu 2016 (ku nsi 190).<ref>{{cite web |title=Doing Business in Kenya – World Bank Group |url=http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/kenya |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910125004/http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/kenya |archive-date=10 September 2018 |access-date=14 January 2017 |website=doingbusiness.org}}</ref> Ekitongole ky'ebyobulimi ekikulu ennyo kikozesa abakozi ng'ebitundu 30% ku bakozi bonna.<ref>{{cite web |title=World Bank Open Data |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS?locations=KE |access-date=2025-05-15 |website=World Bank Open Data}}</ref> Kenya etera okutwalibwa ng'akatale ak'omu maaso oba oluusi akatale akavaamu, era y'emu ku nsi ezikyakula. Eby'enfuna birabye okugaziwa okw'amaanyi, nga kino kirabibwa mu nkola ennungi mu by'obulambuzi, eby'enjigiriza ebya waggulu n'eby'empuliziganya era n'ebivaamu ebirungi mu by'obulimi oluvannyuma lw'ekyeya, naddala mu kitongole ky'amajaani ekikulu.<ref name="lcweb2.loc.gov">{{cite web |date=June 2007 |title=Country Profile: Kenya |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Kenya.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505051609/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Kenya.pdf |archive-date=5 May 2015 |access-date=23 April 2011 |website=Federal Research Division |publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref> Eby'enfuna bya Kenya byakula ebitundu ebisukka mu 7% mu 2007, era amabanja gaayo ag'ebweru gaakendeezebwa nnyo.<ref name="lcweb2.loc.gov2">{{cite web |date=June 2007 |title=Country Profile: Kenya |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Kenya.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505051609/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Kenya.pdf |archive-date=5 May 2015 |access-date=23 April 2011 |website=Federal Research Division |publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref> Kino kyakyuka amangu ddala oluvannyuma lw'okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwali okw'okubuusabuusa mu Gwekkumineebiri 2007, oluvannyuma lw'akavuyo akaaliiwo mu ggwanga. Eby'empuliziganya n'ebyensimbi mu myaka ekkumi egiyise kati bye bisinga okukola ebitundu 62% ebya GDP. Ebitundu 22% ebya GDP bikyava mu by'obulimi ebitali bya lubeerera ebikozesa ebitundu 75% eby'abakozi (ekintu ekirabika mu mawanga agakyakula agatannatuuka ku kufuna mmere emala). Ekitundu ky'abantu ekitono ennyo kyesigama ku buyambi bw'emmere.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=Food Assistance Fact Sheet – Kenya |url=https://www.usaid.gov/kenya/food-assistance |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610135707/https://www.usaid.gov/kenya/food-assistance |archive-date=10 June 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016 |website=[[USAID]]}}</ref> Amakolero n'okukola ebintu bye bisinga obutono, nga bikola ebitundu 16% ebya GDP. Eby'obuweereza, amakolero n'okukola ebintu bikozesa abakozi ebitundu 25% byokka naye nga biwa ebitundu 75% ebya GDP.[1] Kenya era etunda ebintu eby'engoye ebisukka mu bukadde bwa ddoola 400 wansi wa AGOA. Okutunda kampuni za gavumenti nga eyali eya Kenya Post and Telecommunications Company, ekyavaamu kkampuni esinga okukola amagoba mu East Africa—Safaricom, kireetedde okuzzaawo kampuni zino olw'okusiga ensimbi okw'amaanyi okw'abantu ssekinnoomu. Mu Gwokutaano 2011, embeera y'ebyenfuna yali nnungi ng'okweyongera kwa GDP kusuubirwa okuba ebitundu 4–5%, okusingira ddala olw'okugaziwa mu by'obulambuzi, eby'empuliziganya, eby'entambula, okuzimba, n'okudda engulu mu by'obulimi. Banka y'Ensi Yonna yateebereza okweyongera kwa 4.3% mu 2012.<ref name="WorldBanki">{{cite web |last=Fengler |first=Wolfgang |date=5 December 2012 |title=Kenya Economic Update |url=http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2012/12/05/energizing-kenya-s-economy-and-creating-quality-jobs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130309030739/http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2012/12/05/energizing-kenya-s-economy-and-creating-quality-jobs |archive-date=9 March 2013 |access-date=29 May 2013 |publisher=The [[World Bank]]}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 1996 ba Pulezidenti ba Kenya, Tanzania, ne Uganda baddamu okutandikawo omukago gwa East African Community (EAC). Ebigendererwa bya EAC mulimu okutereeza emisolo n'ebikwata ku misolo, okutambula kw'abantu awatali kusibibwa n'okutumbula ebintu ebikozesebwa mu kitundu. Mu Gwokusatu 2004, amawanga asatu ag'omu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika gaassa omukono ku Ndagaano y'omukago gw'omusolo eya Customs Union Agreement. Kenya erina ekitongole ky'ebyensimbi ekikulaakulanye okusinga baliraanwa baayo. Akatale k'emigabo aka Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) ke kali mu kifo eky'okuna mu Afirika mu by'obugagga bw'akatale. Enkola ya banka mu Kenya erabirirwa Banka Enkulu eya Kenya (CBK). Mu Gwomusanvu 2004, enkola eno yalimu banka z'ebyobusuubuzi 43 (nga zino zaali zikendedde okuva ku 48 mu 2001) ne bitongole ebitali bya banka ebiwerako omuli kampuni eziterekera abantu ssente, ebibiina bina ebiteekamu ssente n'okwewola era ne bizinensi nnyingi ezikyusa ssente.<ref name="lcweb2.loc.gov3">{{cite web |date=June 2007 |title=Country Profile: Kenya |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Kenya.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505051609/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Kenya.pdf |archive-date=5 May 2015 |access-date=23 April 2011 |website=Federal Research Division |publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref> Wiiki y'okutandikawo enkola empya mu Kenya eya Kenya Innovation Week (KIW) yatandikibwawo mu 2021, okuva nga 6 Ogwekkumineebiri okutuuka nga 10, 2021, ku Kenya School of Government mu Lower Kabete, Nairobi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya Innovation Week - About |url=https://kenyainnovationweek.com/about |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724013113/https://kenyainnovationweek.com/about |archive-date=24 Jul 2025 |access-date=19 August 2025 |website=kenyainnovationweek.com}}</ref> '''Eby'obulambuzi''' Eby'obulambuzi biyingiza mu Kenya ebitundu nga 6% ku by'enfuna byayo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Travel & Tourism in Kenya Injected KES 1TN to the national economy last year |url=https://wttc.org/news/travel-and-tourism-in-kenya-injected-kes-1tn-to-the-national-economy-last-year |access-date=2025-05-16 |website=wttc.org |language=en-GB}}</ref> Eby'obulambuzi mu Kenya bye bisinga okuvaamu ssente eziva ebweru, nga ziddirirwa ssente eziva mu bantu ababeera ebweru w'eggwanga n'ebyobulimi.<ref>{{cite web |date=20 January 2023 |title=Diaspora remittances now Kenya's largest foreign exchange earner |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/business/kenya-s-diaspora-remittances-rise-to-usd4-027bn-4093616 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227081004/https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/business/kenya-s-diaspora-remittances-rise-to-usd4-027bn-4093616 |archive-date=27 February 2024 |access-date=27 February 2024 |work=The East African}}</ref> Ekitongole kya Kenya Tourism Board kivunaanyizibwa ku kukuuma obubaka obukwata ku by'obulambuzi mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya Tourism Board |url=http://www.ktb.go.ke/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170219014534/http://ktb.go.ke/ |archive-date=19 February 2017 |access-date=2 March 2017 |website=KTB.go.ke}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya Law: January 2017 |url=http://www.kenyalaw.org/klr/index.php?id=811 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130805200519/http://www.kenyalaw.org/klr/index.php?id=811 |archive-date=5 August 2013 |access-date=2 March 2017 |website=KenyaLaw.org}}</ref> Ebintu ebisinga okusikiriza abalambuzi mulimu okulambula ebifo eby'enjawulo nga bayita mu kkuumiro ly'ebisolo 60 n'ebifo ebirala ebikuumibwamu ebisolo. Ebifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo mulimu Maasai Mara Game Reserve, Samburu National Reserve, Solio Game Reserve, Shaba National Reserve, Buffalo Springs National Reserve n'ebirala. Ebintu ebirala ebisikiriza mulimu okusenguka kw'ebisolo ebiyitibwa wildebeest ku Masaai Mara; emizikiti gy'ebyafaayo, n'ebigo ebyazimbibwa mu kiseera ky'amatwale e Mombasa, Malindi, ne Lamu; ebifo ebimanyiddwa ennyo gamba nga olusozi Kenya olweru n'ekiwonvu kya Great Rift Valley; ennimiro z'amajaani e Kericho; ennimiro z'emmwanyi e Thika; okulaba obulungi olusozi Kilimanjaro okusala ensalo okuyingira [[Tanzania]]; n'ebbiici eziri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Swahili, mu Indian Ocean. Abalambuzi, abasinga obungi nga bava mu Bugirimaani ne Bungereza, basikirizibwa nnyo ku bbiici eziri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja n'amakuumiro g'ebisolo, okusingira ddala, East ne Tsavo West National Park, 20,808 square kilometres (8,034 sq mi) mu Bukiikaddyobwobuvanjuba. '''Eby'obulimi''' Obulimi n'obulunzi kye ky'okubiri mu kuleeta amagoba mu Kenya oluvannyuma lw'ekitongole ky'obuweereza. Mu 2005, obulimi n'obulunzi, nga mw'otwalidde n'ebibira n'okuvuba, byakola ebitundu 24% ebya GDP, awamu n'ebitundu 18% eby'emirimu egisasulwa era ebitundu 50% eby'ensimbi eziva mu by'amaguzi ebifulumizibwa ebweru w'eggwanga. Ebirime ebikulu ebivaamu ssente z'amajaani, ebirime ebirimibwa mu nnimiro, ne kaawa. Ebirime ebirimibwa mu nnimiro y'amajaani bye bitundu ebisinga okukula era nga byombi bye bisinga okuba eby'omuwendo mu byonna eby'ebweru bya Kenya. Okulima emmere enkulu nga kasooli kusinziira ku nkyukakyuka y'obudde. Okukendeera kw'ebirime ebivaamu emmere kitera okwetaagisa obuyambi bw'emmere—okugeza mu 2004, olw'ekimu ku kyeya kya Kenya ekitera okubaawo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2005 |title=Drought leaves two million Kenyans in need of food aid |url=http://wfp.org/news/news-release/drought-leaves-two-million-kenyans-need-food-aid |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814052428/http://www.wfp.org/news/news-release/drought-leaves-two-million-kenyans-need-food-aid |archive-date=14 August 2016 |access-date=5 August 2016 |website=United Nations World Food Programme}}</ref> Ekitongole ekikulemberwa International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) kifunye obuwanguzi obumu mu kuyamba abalimi okulima empiinamiti mu kifo kya kasooli naddala mu bitundu ebikalu. Empiinamiti ky'ekimera ekisobola okusimattuka embeera y'ekyeya, n'olwekyo asobola okulimibwa mu bitundu ebifuna enkuba etali waggulu wa mmiliita 650 (inchi 26) buli mwaka. Pulojekiti ez'enkizo zikubirizza okutunda ebimera eby'ensigo nga zikubiriza okukulaakulanya ensigo ez'omu kitundu n'obukolagano bw'abalimi n'abasuubuzi okugaba n'okutunda. Omulimu guno, ogwazingiramu okugatta abalimi ku batunda ebintu mu bungi, kyayamba okwongeza emiwendo gy'abalimi mu kitundu ekyo ebitundu 20–25% mu Nairobi ne Mombasa. Okutunda empinnamiti kisobozesa abalimi abamu okugula ebintu eby'enjawulo okuva ku masimu ag'omu ngalo okutuuka ku ttaka n'ebisolo, era kibagguliddewo emikisa okuva mu bwavu.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140718193632/http://exploreit.icrisat.org/page/eastern_and_southern_africa/887/329 Pigeonpea in Eastern and Southern Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718193632/http://exploreit.icrisat.org/page/eastern_and_southern_africa/887/329|date=18 July 2014}}. [[ICRISAT]] Posted 10 October 2012. Downloaded 26 January 2014.</ref> Amajaani, kaawa, ekigooggwa, senturuma, kasooli, ne ŋŋaano birimibwa mu bitundu eby'obusozi ebirimu ettaka eggimu, ekimu ku bitundu ebisinga okulimibwamu mu Afirika.<ref name=":03">{{cite book |author=CIA |year=2010 |title=The World Factbook |publisher=Potomac Books, Inc. |isbn=978-1-59797-541-4 |page=336}}</ref> Okulunda ebisolo kwe kukulembera mu savanna eri mu Bukiikakkono n'Ebuvanjuba. Kooko, ennaanansi, ppamba, ebikajjo, senturuma, ne kasooli birimibwa mu bitundu ebiri ku madaala aga wansi. Kenya tennatuuka ku mutindo gw’okusiga ensimbi n’okukola obulungi mu by'obulimi n’obulunzi ebiyinza okukakasa obukuumi bw’emmere, era nga kino kigattiddwako obwavu obuvaamu (abantu 53 ku buli kikumi babeera wansi w’omutindo gw’obwavu), ekitundu ky’abantu kinene buli kiseera kifa njala era nga kyesigama nnyo ku buyambi bw’emmere.<ref name=":12">{{cite web |title=Food Assistance Fact Sheet – Kenya |url=https://www.usaid.gov/kenya/food-assistance |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610135707/https://www.usaid.gov/kenya/food-assistance |archive-date=10 June 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016 |website=[[USAID]]}}</ref> Enguudo embi, entambula y’eggaali y’omukka etatuukiridde, entambula y’oku mazzi etakozesebwa bulungi, n’entambula y’ennyonyi ey’ebbeeyi ebasudde ebitundu ebisinga obukalu n’ebitali bya nkalakkalira, era abalimi mu bitundu ebirala emirundi mingi basuula emmere mu nnimiro kubanga tebasobola kutuuka ku butale. Kino kyasembyeyo okulabibwa mu Gwomunaana ne mu Gwomwenda 2011, ne kireetera abantu ba Kenya okutandikawo enteekateeka ya Kenya for Kenya eyakolebwa ekitongole kya Red Cross.<ref>[http://conferences.ifpri.org/2020africaconference/program/day1summaries/kinyua.pdf Towards Achieving Food Security in Kenya] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126003110/http://conferences.ifpri.org/2020africaconference/program/day1summaries/kinyua.pdf|date=26 January 2012}}. Joseph Kinyua, Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Agriculture, Kenya; 1 April 2004, Kampala, Uganda</ref> Eby'okufukirira mu Kenya bigabanyizibwamu ebika by'entegeka bisatu: entegeka entonotono ez'abalimi kinnoomu, entegeka za gavumenti eziddukanyizibwa wakati, n'entegeka z'obwannannyini/ezikola bizinensi ez'okufukirira. Enteekateeka z'okufukirira ez'abalimi abatono zibeera za bantu kinnoomu oba ebibinja by'abalimi abakola ng'abakozesa amazzi oba ebibinja eby'eyamba saako n'okwewanirira. Okufukirira kukolebwa ku faamu z'abantu kinnoomu oba ku faamu z'ebibinja nga buli emu eba ya 0.1–0.4 ha. Waliwo enteekateeka z'okufukirira ez'abalimi abatono nga 3,000 ezibikka ettaka lya 47,000 ha. Eggwanga lirina enkola ennene musanvu ezifukirira, ezikolebwa mu makkati, nga ze Mwea, Bura, Hola, Perkera, West Kano, Bunyala, ne Ahero, nga zikwata ku ttaka lya yiika 18,200 era nga buli nkola ekwata ku yiika 2,600. Enkola zino ziddukanyizibwa National Irrigation Board era nga ze zisinga okufukirira ettaka mu Kenya ebitundu 18%. Ffaamu z'obwannannyini ez'amaanyi ezikolerwamu eby'obusuubuzi zirimu yiika 45,000, nga ze zikola ebitundu 40% eby'ettaka erifukirirwa. Zikozesa tekinologiya ow'amaanyi era ne zivaamu ebirime eby'omuwendo ennyo eby'okutunda ebweru w'eggwanga, naddala ebimuli n'enva endiirwa.<ref>Republic of Kenya, Ministry of Water and Irrigation (2009) ''National Irrigation and Drainage Policy'':3–4.</ref> Kenya y'ensi ey'okusatu mu nsi yonna mu kutunda ebimuli ebisaliddwa ebweru w'eggwanga.<ref name="kenya-flower-industry">{{Cite web |last=Veselinovic |first=Milena |date=16 March 2015 |title=Got roses this Valentine's Day? They probably came from Kenya |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/16/africa/kenya-flower-industry/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160714194025/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/16/africa/kenya-flower-industry/ |archive-date=14 July 2016 |access-date=17 July 2016 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> Kumpi ekitundu kimu kyakubiri ku faamu z'ebimuli 127 mu Kenya zisangibwa okumpi n'Ennyanja Naivasha, kilomita 90 mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bwa Nairobi.<ref name="kenya-flower-industry" /> Okwanguya okutunda kwabwe ebweru w'eggwanga, ekisaawe ky'ennyonyi ekya Nairobi kirina ekifo ekikola ku ntambuza y'ebimuli n'enva endiirwa.<ref name="kenya-flower-industry" /> '''Amakolero n'okufulumya ebintu''' Wadde nga Kenya nsi eri ku ddaala erya wansi mu by'enfuna, eby'amakolero bitwala ebitundu 14% ebya GDP, ng'emirimu gy'amakolero gikolebwa mu bibuga ebisatu ebisinga obunene, Nairobi, Mombasa, ne Kisumu, era nga gisinga kutwalibwa makolero agakola emmere nga okusa emmere, okukola omwenge, okusiba omuwemba, n'okukola ebintu ebyettanirwa abantu, gamba nga emmotoka okuva mu bitundutundu. Kenya nayo erina amakolero agakola seminti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 September 2015 |title=Cement production keeps pace with growing demand |url=http://www.constructionkenya.com/2431/kenya-cement-industry-outlook/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513234924/http://www.constructionkenya.com/2431/kenya-cement-industry-outlook/ |archive-date=13 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016 |website=Construction Business Review}}</ref> Kenya erina ekkolero ly'amafuta erikola ku mafuta agaleetebwa okuva ebweru okugafuula ebintu ebikolebwamu amafuta, okusingira ddala okukozesebwa mu ggwanga. Okugatta ku ekyo, ekitongole ekitali mu butongole ekimanyiddwa nga jua kali kikola ebintu ebitonotono mu maka, ebitundu by'emmotoka, n'ebyuma ebikozesebwa mu kulima.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2 August 2005 |title=Kenya: Employers' organizations taking the lead on linking the informal sector to formal Kenyan enterprises |url=http://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/features/WCMS_075529/lang--en/index.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605021700/http://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/features/WCMS_075529/lang--en/index.htm |archive-date=5 June 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016 |website=ilo.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=13 November 2015 |title=Jua Kali sector plays key role in economic development and job creation |url=http://www.mygov.go.ke/?p=5038 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160610135631/http://www.mygov.go.ke/?p=5038 |archive-date=10 June 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016 |website=MyGov}}</ref> Okuteeka Kenya mu abo abaganyulwa mu tteeka lya Gavumenti ya Amerika erya African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) kiyambye nnyo mu by'amakolero mu myaka egyakayita. Okuva AGOA lwe yatandika mu 2000, Kenya bye yatunda mu ngoye mu United States by'eyongera okuva ku bukadde bwa ddoola 44 okutuuka ku bukadde bwa ddoola 270 (2006).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kamau |first=Pithon |title=Industry |url=http://www.brandkenya.go.ke/2012-12-16-16-05-26/75-industry |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160604180631/http://www.brandkenya.go.ke/2012-12-16-16-05-26/75-industry |archive-date=4 June 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016 |website=Brand Kenya Board}}</ref> Enteekateeka endala ez'okunyweza eby'okukola ebintu mwe muli enkola ya gavumenti empya ey'okusonyiwa omusolo, omuli n'okuggyawo omusolo ku byuma ebikozesebwa mu makolero n'ebintu ebirala ebikozesebwa mu kukola ebintu..<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kenya |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/e/eb/rls/othr/ics/2010/138092.htm?goMobile=0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803022046/https://2009-2017.state.gov/e/eb/rls/othr/ics/2010/138092.htm?goMobile=0 |archive-date=3 August 2020 |access-date=10 June 2016}}</ref> Mu 2023, Kenya eri mu nteekateeka y'okuzimba paaka z'amakolero ttaano ezijja okukola nga tezisasula misolo, nga zisuubirwa okumalirizibwa mu 2030. Waliwo ebigendererwa by'okukulaakulanya paaka endala 20 ez'amakolero mu biseera eby'omu maaso.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2024-01-02|title=How to get rich in the 21st century|newspaper=The Economist|url=https://www.economist.com/finance-and-economics/2024/01/02/how-to-get-rich-in-the-21st-century|access-date=2024-01-03|issn=0013-0613|archive-date=3 January 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240103101233/https://www.economist.com/finance-and-economics/2024/01/02/how-to-get-rich-in-the-21st-century|url-status=live}}</ref> '''Eby'entambula''' Amakubo g'emmotoka aga Trans-African abiri gayita mu Kenya okuli: Cairo-Cape Town Highway ne Lagos-Mombasa Highway, n'olwekyo eggwanga lirina enguudo ez'amaanyi omuli ennime/ enkole saako n'ezo ezitali nnime oba nkole. Enkola y'eggaali y'omukka mu Kenya ekwataganya emikutu gy'oku mwalo n'ebibuga ebikulu, nga kigigatta ku muliraano [[Uganda]]. Waliwo ebisaawe by'ennyonyi 15 ebirina enguudo enkole/ enzimbe. '''Amasanyalaze''' [[File:Worker in Olkaria Kenya.jpg|thumb|Abakozi b'amasanyalaze ku Olkaria Geothermal Power Plant]] kitundu ekisinga obunene eky'amasannyalaze ga Kenya kiva mu ttaka,,<ref>[https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-tools/energy-statistics-data-browser?country=KENYA&fuel=Energy%20supply&indicator=ElecGenByFuel Electricity in Kenya] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811133300/https://www.iea.org/statistics/statisticssearch/report/?country=Kenya&product=electricityandheat|date=2015}}. IEA 2014</ref> ne kigobererwa amasannyalaze g'amasannyalaze agakolebwa mu mazzi g'omugga Tana ogw'omu Bukiikakkono, awamu ne Turkwel Gorge Dam mu Bugwanjuba. Ekkolero ly'amafuta agookya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja, ebifo ebikozesa amasannyalaze g'omu ttaka mu Olkaria (okumpi ne Nairobi), n'amasannyalaze agaleetebwa okuva e Uganda bye bikola ekitundu ekisigaddeyo. Oluguudo lw'amasannyalaze olwa MW 2,000 okuva e Ethiopia lwamalirizibwa mu 2022. E Kenya obusobozi obuteereddwawo bweyongera okuva ku megawatts 1,142 wakati wa 2001 ne 2003 okutuuka ku 2,341 mu 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Peak Demands – Summary of Electricity Sub Sector Statistics |url=http://energy.go.ke/?p=510 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207063902/http://energy.go.ke/?p=510 |archive-date=7 December 2019 |access-date=11 November 2019 |publisher=Kenya Ministry of Energy}}</ref> Ekitongole kya gavumenti ekya Kenya Electricity Generating Company (KenGen), ekyatandikibwawo mu 1997 nga kiyitibwa Kenya Power Company, kye kikola ku kukola amasannyalaze, Kenya Electricity Transmission Company kikola ku kusaasaanya amasannyalaze ate Kenya Power and Lighting ekola ku kusaasaanya amasannyalaze mu ggwanga. Ebbula ly'amasannyalaze libaawo buli luvannyuma lw'ekiseera, ekyeya bwe kikendeeza ku ntambula y'amazzi. Okusobola okufuna amasannyalaze agamala, Kenya etaddewo amasannyalaze g'empewo n'amasannyalaze g'enjuba (buli limu lya MW 300), era erina ekiruubirirwa eky'okuzimba ekkolero ly'amasannyalaze ga nukiriya mu 2027.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 December 2017 |title=Kenya plans nuclear plant by 2027 |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Kenya-plans-to-set-up-nuclear-plant-by-2027/2560-4215876-14gd00jz/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227121952/http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Kenya-plans-to-set-up-nuclear-plant-by-2027/2560-4215876-14gd00jz/index.html |archive-date=27 December 2017 |access-date=26 December 2017 |website=The East African |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>McGregor, Sarah (20 September 2010) [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-09-20/kenya-aims-to-build-a-nuclear-power-plant-by-2017-minister-nyoike-says.html Kenya Aims to Build a Nuclear Power Plant by 2017] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131115140634/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-09-20/kenya-aims-to-build-a-nuclear-power-plant-by-2017-minister-nyoike-says.html|date=15 November 2013}}. Bloomberg L.P.</ref> Kenya erina amafuta agakakasiddwa mu Turkana. Tullow Oil eteebereza nti amafuta agali mu ggwanga gali mu bipipa kumpi akawumbi kamu.<ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-08-19/kenya-from-nowhere-plans-east-africa-s-first-oil-exports-energy.html Kenya From Nowhere Plans East Africa's First Oil Exports: Energy] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725035553/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-08-19/kenya-from-nowhere-plans-east-africa-s-first-oil-exports-energy.html|date=25 July 2014}}. Bloomberg L.P.</ref> Okunoonyereza kukyagenda mu maaso okulaba oba nga waliwo amafuta amalala. Kenya mu kiseera kino egula amafuta gonna aga crude petroleum ge yeetaaga. Okuva mu 2013 gavumenti yasalawo okugula amafuta aga white petroleum agakoleddwa. Kenya Pipeline Company y'ekitongole kya gavumenti ekivunaanyizibwa ku kutereka n'okutambuza amafuta ga white petroleum. Ekitongole ekitambuza amafuta ekya Kenya Pipeline Company ye parastatal eya gavumenti ng'erina obuvunaanyizibwa bw'okutereka n'okutambuza amafuta ameeru. Gye buvuddeko awo gavumenti yagiggyako obwannannyini nga gavumenti erina omugabo mitono. Kenya terina tterekero lya mafuta era yeesigama ku bitongole ebikola ku by'amafuta ebyatereka amafuta agamala ennaku 21 nga kino kyetaagisa mu mateeka g'amakolero. Amafuta gakola ebitundu 20%-ku-25% ku by'amaguzi byonna ebigulibwa okuva ebweru w'eggwanga.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120619062331/http://af.reuters.com/article/investingNews/idAFJOE74J0F220110520?pageNumber=1&virtualBrandChannel=0 Kenya plans strategic oil reserve]. Reuters (10 November 2011).</ref> '''Ba musiga nsimbi aba China n'obusuubuzi''' Ebyafulumizibwa ku mukutu gwa Capital FM owa Kenya nga byawandiikibwa Liu Guangyuan, omubaka wa China mu Kenya, mu kiseera Pulezidenti Kenyatta we yagendera e Beijing mu 2013, byagamba nti, "Okusiga ensimbi kwa China mu Kenya ... kwatuuka ku bukadde bwa ddoola 474, nga kino kye kyali ensibuko y'okusiga ensimbi okuva ebweru eyali esinga obunene mu Kenya, era ... eby'obusuubuzi wakati w'amawanga gombi ... byatuuka ku bukadde bwa ddoola 2.84" mu 2012. Kenyatta yali "awerekeddwa abasuubuzi ba Kenya 60 [era nga yali asuubira] ... okufuna obuwagizi okuva mu China ku nteekateeka y'eggaali y'omukka eya ddoola obuwumbi 2.5 okuva ku mwalo gw'e Mombasa mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Kenya okutuuka ku Uganda ey'oku muliraano, awamu ne daamu ya ddoola obuwumbi 1.8", okusinziira ku kiwandiiko okuva mu ofiisi ya pulezidenti, era mu kiseera ky'olugendo luno.<ref name="wp01" /> Base Titanium, ekitongole ekya Base Resources eky'omu Australia, kyasindika mu China ebintu byakyo eby'omuwendo ebisooka. Tani nga 25,000 eza ilmenite zaasimbula okuva mu kibuga ky'e Kenya ekiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja ekiyitibwa Kilifi. Ebintu ebyasooka okuleetebwa ku mwalo byali bisuubirwa okuvaamu ssente za Kenya eziri mu buwumbi bwa KSh.15–20/= mu magoba.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Jackson Okoth |last2=Philip Mwakio |date=14 February 2014 |title=Standard Digital News : : Business – Kenya joins mineral exporters as first titanium cargo leaves port |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/business/article/2000104631/kenya-joins-mineral-exporters-as-first-titanium-cargo-leaves-port |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128083340/http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/business/article/2000104631/kenya-joins-mineral-exporters-as-first-titanium-cargo-leaves-port |archive-date=28 January 2015 |access-date=15 February 2015 |website=Standard Digital News}}</ref> Mu 2014, pulojekiti y'eggaali y'omukka eya China okuva e Nairobi okutuuka e Mombasa yayimirizibwa olw'obutakkaanya ku kusasula/ okuliyirira abantu bannanyini ettaka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shem Oirere |date=23 October 2014 |title=Construction of Kenyan standard-gauge line suspended |url=http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/africa/construction-of-kenyan-standard-gauge-line-suspended.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150129170952/http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/africa/construction-of-kenyan-standard-gauge-line-suspended.html |archive-date=29 January 2015 |access-date=15 February 2015}}</ref> '''Vision 2030''' Mu 2007, gavumenti ya Kenya yatongoza Vision 2030, enteekateeka y'enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna gy'esuubira okuteeka eggwanga mu kifo kye kimu n'Amawanga ga Asia ag'eby'enfuna ag'amaanyi mu 2030. Mu 2013, yatongoza National Climate Change Action Plan, oluvannyuma lw'okukkiriza nti okubuusa amaaso embeera y'obudde ng'ensonga enkulu mu Vision 2030 kyali kibulamu. Enteekateeka eno ey'empapula 200, eyakolebwa n'obuyambi okuva mu Climate & Development Knowledge Network, eteekawo okwolesebwa kwa Gavumenti ya Kenya ku nkulaakulana ey'engeri y'okukendeeza ku kaboni mu ngeri ey'obuvunaanyizibwa ku mbeera y'obudde. Mu kutongoza mu Gwokusatu 2013, Omuwandiisi wa Minisitule y’Enteekateeka, Enkulaakulana ey’Eggwanga, ne Vision 2030 yaggumiza nti embeera y’obudde yandibadde nsonga nkulu mu nteekateeka ya Medium-Term eyali egenda okutongozebwa mu myezi egigenda okujja. Kino kyandireeseewo enkola ennungi ey’okutuusa ku bantu enteekateeka ey’Ebikolwa era ne kikakasa nti enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y’obudde ekwatibwa ng’ensonga ekwata ku by'enfuna byonna..<ref>[http://cdkn.org/2013/03/news-kenyas-national-climate-change-action-plan-is-officially-launched/ NEWS: Kenya's National Climate Change Action Plan is officially launched] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514075422/http://cdkn.org/2013/03/news-kenyas-national-climate-change-action-plan-is-officially-launched/|date=14 May 2013}}, Climate & Development Knowledge Network, 28 March 2013</ref> Ate era, Kenya yaweereza NDC ey’omulembe, eyalimu ebiruubirirwa eby’amaanyi nga 24 Ogwekkumineebiri 2020, ng’erimu okweyama okukendeeza ku gasi ezitega olubugumu ku nsi ebitundu 32 ku buli kikumi mu 2030 bw’ogeraageranya n’embeera eya bulijjo era ng’ekwatagana n’enteekateeka yaayo ey’enkulaakulana ey’olubeerera n’embeera zaayo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kenya Climate Change Country Profile |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/resources/kenya-climate-change-country-profile |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211231230420/https://www.climatelinks.org/resources/kenya-climate-change-country-profile |archive-date=31 December 2021 |access-date=2022-04-14 |website=climatelinks.org}}</ref> '''Okuvumbula amafuta''' Kenya ezuddeyo amafuta mu Ssaza lye Turkana. Pulezidenti Mwai Kibaki yalangirira nga 26 Ogwokusatu 2012 nti kampuni ya Tullow Oil, ey'Abangereza n'Abayiruki abanoonyereza ku mafuta, yali ezuddeyo amafuta, naye obusobozi bwago okuvaamu ssente n'okugakozesa byali byakutwala emyaka nga esatu okukakasibwa.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-17513488 Kenya oil discovery after Tullow Oil drilling] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318140249/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-17513488|date=18 March 2018}}. BBC News. 26 March 2012.</ref> Ku ntandikwa ya 2006, pulezidenti wa China Hu Jintao yassa omukono ku ndagaano y'okunoonyereza ku mafuta ne Kenya, nga kino kye kimu ku by'obusuubuzi ebyakolebwa okusobozesa eby'obugagga bya Afirika okugenda mu maaso okuweereza China eyali egaziya ennyo mu by'enfuna. Endagaano eno yakkiriza kampuni ya China eya CNOOC okusima amafuta mu Kenya, era nga kino kyali kitandika okusima amafuta mu bitundu bya Sudan n'ekitundu ekiriko enkaayana mu North Eastern Province, ku nsalo ne Somalia n'ebitundu ebiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Waliwo okuteebereza okw'ekikugu okukwata ku bungi bw'amafuta agasobola okuzuulibwa.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Barber|first1=Lionel|last2=England|first2=Andrew|date=10 August 2006|title=China's scramble for Africa finds a welcome in Kenya|work=Financial Times|url=https://www.ft.com/content/a51a39d2-280c-11db-b25c-0000779e2340|url-status=live|access-date=27 June 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100513072549/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/a51a39d2-280c-11db-b25c-0000779e2340.html|archive-date=13 May 2010}}</ref> '''Ebikolwa by'okulwanyisa okwonoona obutonde bw'ensi''' Mu 2017, Kenya yawera obuveera obukozesebwa omulundi ogumu. Okusinziira ku kitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku butonde bw'ensi, ebitundu 80% eby'abantu bagondera etteeka/okuwera kuno. Oluvannyuma, mu 2020, okuwera obuveera obukozesebwa omulundi ogumu kwa yongezebwayo mu bifo ebikuumibwa, omuli ebibira n'amakuumiro g'ebisolo.<ref name=":4">{{cite news|last=Kimeu|first=Caroline|date=2023-05-30|title=After a plastic bag ban, Kenya takes another shot at its pollution problem|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2023/may/30/kenya-wrestles-with-its-plastic-pollution-problem|access-date=2023-10-06|issn=0261-3077|archive-date=18 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240518180647/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2023/may/30/kenya-wrestles-with-its-plastic-pollution-problem|url-status=live}}</ref> tteeka eryayisibwa mu Gwomusanvu 2023 liragira kampuni okukendeeza ku bucaafu n’okukosa obutonde bw’ensi ebiva mu bintu bye baleeta mu katale ka Kenya, kinnoomu oba nga bayita mu nteekateeka ez’awamu. Obutafaananako n’ebyakolebwa emabega, bizinensi kati zirina okw'enyigira mu nteekateeka ez’okukungaanya kasasiro n’okuddamu okukozesa ebintu, gamba nga enteekateeka ya Petco eyassibwawo gavumenti mu 2018.<ref name=":4" /> '''Emirimu n'abakozi''' Kenya erina abakozi obukadde nga 24 n'omuwendo gw'abakola ogw'awamu gwa 74%, omuwendo gw'abatalina mirimu mu 2022 gwateeberezebwa okubeera ku biundu 5.6%<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Bank Open Data |url=https://data.worldbank.org/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526025607/https://data.worldbank.org/ |archive-date=26 May 2023 |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=World Bank Open Data}}</ref> Okusinziira ku alipoota ya Banka y'Ensi Yonna eya 2019 Human Capital Index (HCI), eyapima obusobozi bw'abantu mu mulembe oguddako, Kenya yali esinga mu mawanga agali mu Sub-Saharan Africa n'obubonero bwa HCI obwa 0.52. Alipoota eno yagatta wamu ebintu eby'enjawulo ebikulu, omuli okusoma, okutaasa abaana, omutindo gw'okusoma, okukula obulungi n'okuwangaala kw'abantu abakulu mu alipoota emu eri wakati wa 0–1.<ref>{{cite web |date=2020-12-21 |title=Kenya beats sub-Saharan Africa peers in World Bank global human capital index |url=https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/data-hub/kenya-beats-sub-saharan-africa-peers-in-world-bank-global-human-capital-index-2254280 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401153950/https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/data-hub/kenya-beats-sub-saharan-africa-peers-in-world-bank-global-human-capital-index-2254280 |archive-date=1 April 2024 |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=Business Daily}}</ref> '''Bbanka eziwola ensimbi''' Ebitongole ebisukka mu 20 biwa looni z'ebyobusuubuzi ku kigero ekinene, looni z'ebyobulimi, looni z'ebyenjigiriza, ne looni ez'ebigendererwa ebirala. Okwongereza ku ekyo, waliwo: * looni ez'amangu, ezisingako okuba ez'ebbeeyi mu kigero ky'amagoba, naye nga zifunika mangu * looni z'ebibinja ebitono (abali wakati wa bana ne bataano) n'ebibinja ebinene (okutuuka ku bantu 30) * looni z'abakyala, nga nazo zisobola okufunibwa ne mu bibinja by'abakyala Mu bantu abali mu bukadde nga 40 mu Kenya, obukadde nga 14 tebasobola kufuna buweereza bwa byanfuna okuyitira mu kusaba kw'okwewola mu butongole, ate obukadde obulala 12 tebalina we bayinza kufuna buweereza bwe by'enfuna. Okugatta ku ekyo, Bannakenya akakadde 1 be beesigama ku bibinja ebitali bya bitongole okufuna obuyambi mu by'enfuna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kenya |url=http://mfi-upgrading-initiative.org/000001985b0d93482/00000198660ae2e07/032d539c050945b02/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603203238/http://www.mfi-upgrading-initiative.org/000001985b0d93482/00000198660ae2e07/032d539c050945b02/index.html |archive-date=3 June 2013 |access-date=25 September 2015 |website=MFI Upgrading and Rating Initiative of the Development Bank of Austria}}</ref> Okusobola okukendeeza ku kizibu kino, enkola ya mobile banking service M-Pesa yatandikibwawo mu 2007 Vodafone ne Safaricom, nga bakolera wamu okuva mu Financial Deepening Challenge Fund competition eyatandikibwawo ekitongole kya UK government's Department for International Development. M-Pesa esobozesa abagikozesa okuteekako ssente, okuggyayo ssente, okusindika ssente, okusasula ebintu n’obuweereza (Lipa na M-Pesa), okufuna looni n’okutereka, byonna nga bakozesa masimu,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Saylor |first=Michael |year=2012 |title=The Mobile Wave: How Mobile Intelligence Will Change Everything |url=https://archive.org/details/mobilewavehowmob0000sayl |publisher=Perseus Books/Vanguard Press |isbn=978-1593157203 |page=202; 304 |url-access=registration}}</ref> esobozesezza obukadde n’obukadde bw’Abakenya abali mu mbeera y’obwavu okufuna enkola za digito.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tavneet Suri, and |first=William Jack |date=2016 |title=The Long-run Poverty and Gender Impacts of Mobile Money |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_science_2016-12-09_354_6317/page/1288 |journal=Science |volume=354 |issue=6317 |pages=1288–1292 |bibcode=2016Sci...354.1288S |doi=10.1126/science.aah5309 |pmid=27940873 |s2cid=42992837}}</ref> == Ebibalo by'abantu == Okubala abantu okwakolebwa ekitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku kubala abantu ekya [[Kenya National Bureau of Statistics]] mu 2019 kwategeeza nti omuwendo gw'abantu mu Kenya guli 47,564,296.<ref name=":2" /> Eggwanga lirina abantu abakyali abato, nga ebitundu 73% ku batuuze bali wansi w'emyaka 30 olw'okweyongera kw'omuwendo gw'abantu okw'amangu,<ref>"[https://www.csmonitor.com/2008/0114/p17s01-wmgn.html Why a new president may slow population growth] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215203953/http://www.csmonitor.com/2008/0114/p17s01-wmgn.html|date=15 February 2009}}". ''The Christian Science Monitor''. 14 January 2008.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zinkina J. |last2=Korotayev A. |year=2014 |title=Explosive Population Growth in Tropical Africa: Crucial Omission in Development Forecasts (Emerging Risks and Way Out) |url=https://www.academia.edu/6823642 |url-status=live |journal=World Futures |volume=70 |issue=2 |pages=120–139 |citeseerx=10.1.1.691.8612 |doi=10.1080/02604027.2014.894868 |s2cid=53051943 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220109200646/https://www.academia.edu/6823642 |archive-date=9 January 2022 |access-date=11 January 2020}}</ref> okuva ku bukadde 2.9 okutuuka ku bantu 40 mu kyasa ekiyise.<ref>"[https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/17/opinion/17iht-edheinsohn.1.9292632.html Exploding population] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715084143/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/17/opinion/17iht-edheinsohn.1.9292632.html|date=15 July 2014}}". ''The New York Times''. 7 January 2008.</ref> Nairobi maka eri Kibera, ekimu ku bitundu ebisinga okubeeramu abantu abangi mu nsi yonna. Ekibuga kino kirimu obuyumba obubi ennyo kigambibwa okubeeramu abantu wakati wa 170,000<ref name="nation1">{{cite news|last=Karanja|first=Muchiri|date=3 September 2010|title=Myth shattered: Kibera numbers fail to add up|work=[[Daily Nation]]|url=http://www.nation.co.ke/News/Kibera%20numbers%20fail%20to%20add%20up/-/1056/1003404/-/13ga38xz/-/index.html|url-status=live|access-date=4 September 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206103830/https://www.nation.co.ke/News/Kibera%20numbers%20fail%20to%20add%20up/-/1056/1003404/-/13ga38xz/-/index.html|archive-date=6 December 2018}}</ref> ne 1,000,000.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 March 2010 |title=World Water Day Focus on Global Sewage Flood |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/03/100322/swimming-in-sewage-for-world-water-day/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120115082027/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/03/100322/swimming-in-sewage-for-world-water-day/ |archive-date=15 January 2012 |access-date=10 February 2012 |website=National Geographic}}</ref> Ekitebe kya UNHCR mu Dadaab mu Bukiikakkono kirimu abantu nga 500,000.<ref name="DadaabPop">[http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/search?page=search&docid=4e579df59&query=dadaab The UN Refugee Agency] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111223114925/http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/search?page=search&docid=4e579df59&query=dadaab|date=23 December 2011}}. Unhcr.org.</ref> '''Embu z'abantu''' Kenya erimu abantu ab'enjawulo abazingiramu abangi ku bika by'abantu ebikulu mu Afirika n'ennimi. Wadde nga tewali lukalala lwa butongole olw'ebika bya Bannakenya, omuwendo gw'ebika by'abantu n'ebibinja ebirala ebisengekeddwa mu kubala abantu mu ggwanga lino gukyuse nnyo mu bbanga, nga gweyongedde okuva ku 42 mu 1969 okutuuka ku 120 mu 2019.<ref name="Balaton-Chrimes2020">{{cite journal |last=Balaton-Chrimes |first=Samantha |year=2020 |title=Who are Kenya's 42(+) tribes? The census and the political utility of magical uncertainty |journal=Journal of Eastern African Studies |volume=15 |pages=43–62 |doi=10.1080/17531055.2020.1863642 |issn=1753-1055 |s2cid=231681524 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Abatuuze abasinga ba Bantus (60%) oba Nilotes (30%).<ref name="Asongumarr">{{cite book |last1=Asongu, J.J. |year=2007 |title=Doing Business Abroad: A Handbook for Expatriates |last2=Marr, Marvee |publisher=Greenview Publishing Co. |isbn=978-0-9797976-3-7 |pages=12, 112}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu kika kya Cushitic nabo bakola akatundu katono ku bantu abasinga obutono, nga bwe kiri ku Bawalabu, Abayindi, n'Abazungu.<ref name="Asongumarr" /><ref name="Okothndaloh">{{cite book |title=Peak Revision K.C.P.E. Social Studies |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=bfT2njyPThgC|page=60}} |publisher=East African Publishers |isbn=9789966254504}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku kubala emiwendo gy'abantu ekya Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS), amawanga agaali gasinga obunene mu 2019 gaali Kikuyu (8,148,668), Luhya (6,823,842), Kalenjin (6,358,113), Luo (5,066,966), Kamba (4,663,910), Somali (2,780,502), Kisii (2,703,235), Mijikenda (2,488,691), Meru (1,975,869), Maasai (1,189,522), ne Turkana (1,016,174). Ekitundu ky'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Kenya, ekyali kimanyiddwa nga NFD, kisingamu Basomali. Abantu abava mu mawanga amalala mulimu Abawalabu, Abaasiya, n’Abazungu. '''Ennimi''' Amawanga ga Kenya gatera okwogera ennimi zaabwe ez'obuzaaliranwa mu bitundu byabwe. Ennimi ebbiri ezikozesebwa mu butongole, Olungereza n'Oluswayiri, zikozesebwa mu ngeri ez'enjawulo okuwuliziganya n'abantu abalala. Olungereza lusinga kwogerwa mu by'obusuubuzi, mu masomero, ne mu gavumenti.<ref name="Cugrwed">{{cite book |last=Proquest Info & Learning (COR) |year=2009 |title=Culturegrams: World Edition |isbn=978-0-9778091-6-5 |page=98}}</ref> Abantu ababeera okumpi n'ebibuga ne mu byalo tebatera kwogera nnimi nnyingi, ng'abasinga mu byalo boogera nnimi zaabwe ez'obuzaaliranwa zokka.<ref name="Broassim">{{cite book |last1=Brown, E.K. |year=2006 |title=Encyclopedia of language & linguistics, Volume 1, Edition 2 |last2=Asher, R.E. |last3=Simpson, J.M.Y. |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-0-08-044299-0 |page=181}}</ref> Olungereza olw'Abangereza lusinga kukozesebwa mu Kenya. Okwongereza ku ekyo, olulimi olw'omu kitundu olw'enjawulo, Olungereza olw'omu Kenya, lukozesebwa ebitundu ebimu mu ggwanga, era lulimu ebintu eby'enjawulo ebyava mu nnimi z'Abantu ab'omu kitundu nga Kiswahili ne Kikuyu.<ref name="Cliike">{{cite web |last=Nyaggah |first=Lynette Behm |title=Cross-linguistic influence in Kenyan English: The impact of Swahili and Kikuyu on syntax |url=http://phdtree.org/pdf/24677752-cross-linguistic-influence-in-kenyan-english-the-impact-of-swahili-and-kikuyu-on-syntax/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226102504/http://phdtree.org/pdf/24677752-cross-linguistic-influence-in-kenyan-english-the-impact-of-swahili-and-kikuyu-on-syntax/ |archive-date=26 December 2016 |access-date=8 August 2014 |publisher=University of California}}</ref> Lwali lukulaakulana okuva mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale era lulimu ebintu ebimu ebiri mu Lungereza olw'omu Amerika. Lubadde lukulaakulana okuva mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bw'amatwale era lulimu n'ebintu ebimu ebiri mu Lungereza lwa Amerika. Mu Gwoluberyeberye 2026, Kenya yali ku kifo kya 3 mu nsi ezisinga okwogera Olungereza mu Afirika emabega wa South Africa ne Zimbabwe era yali ku kifo kya 9 mu nsi yonna okusinziira ku English Proficiency Index (2025). Sheng lwe lulimi olw'esigamiziddwa ku Kiswahili olwogerwa mu bitundu ebimu eby'omu bibuga. Okusingira ddala nga lwe lufaanana nga Swahili n'Olungereza, kyakulabirako kya kukyusa mu nnimi.<ref name="Nphil">{{Cite book |last=Derek Nurse |first=Gérard Philippson |date=2006 |title=Bantu Languages |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M8cHBAAAQBAJ |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-79683-9 |page=197 |access-date=20 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803182122/https://books.google.com/books?id=M8cHBAAAQBAJ |archive-date=3 August 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ennimi 69 ze zoogerwa mu Kenya. Ennimi ezisinga obungi ziva mu nnimi bbiri ennene: Niger-Congo (ettabi ly'aba Bantu) ne Nilo-Saharan (Nilotic branch), ezoogerwa abantu ab'omu Kenya ab'omu mawanga ga Bantu ne Nilotic. Abantu abatono ab'omu Cushitic ne Arab boogera ennimi eziva mu Afroasiatic family, ate abantu abava mu Buyindi n'abazungu boogera ennimi eziva mu Indo-European family.<ref name="Ethnken">[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=KE Languages of Kenya] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121123235120/http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=KE|date=23 November 2012}}. Ethnologue.com.</ref> '''Eddiini''' Abakennya abasinga bakkiriza (85.5%), nga 33.4% Bapolotesitante, 20.6% Bakatoliki ate 20.4% Banzikiriza y'ekivangeliko. Ekkereziya y'Abakatoliki y'ekkanisa y'Abakkiriza esinga obunene mu Kenya, ng'erina abantu abawera obukadde 10.<ref name="Cugrwed" /> Ekkanisa ya Presbyterian Church of East Africa erina abagoberezi obukadde busatu mu Kenya ne mu nsi eziriraanyeewo..<ref>[http://www.reformiert-online.net/adressen/detail.php?id=1390&lg=eng Address data base of Reformed churches and institutions] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130403024055/http://www.reformiert-online.net/adressen/detail.php?id=1390&lg=eng|date=3 April 2013}}. Reformiert-online.net. Retrieved 16 April 2013.</ref> Waliwo amakanisa amatono aga conservative Reformed churches, Africa Evangelical Presbyterian Church,<ref>{{Deprecated archive|url=https://archive.today/20130416052147/http://www.wrfnet.org/c/portal/layout?p_l_id=PUB.1.24&p_p_id=62_INSTANCE_119G&p_p_action=0&p_p_state=maximized&p_p_mode=view&p_p_col_id=&p_p_col_pos=0&p_p_col_count=0&_62_INSTANCE_119G_struts_action=/journal_articles/view&_62_INSTANCE_119G_groupId=1&_62_INSTANCE_119G_articleId=479&_62_INSTANCE_119G_version=1.0|title=The World Reformed Fellowship – Promoting Reformed Partnerships Worldwide – News}}. Wrfnet.org. Retrieved 16 April 2013.</ref> Independent Presbyterian Church in Kenya, ne Reformed Church of East Africa. Obukristaayo obw'Abasodokisi bulina abagoberezi 621,200.<ref>{{cite web |date=3 February 2008 |title=Kenya |url=http://www.oikoumene.org/en/member-churches/regions/africa/kenya.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080311215546/http://www.oikoumene.org/en/member-churches/regions/africa/kenya.html |archive-date=11 March 2008 |access-date=26 February 2013 |publisher=Oikoumene.org}}</ref> Kenya y'esinga okubaamu Abakwakka mu nsi yonna, ng'erina Abakwakka nga 146,300.<ref>{{cite web |last=Samuel |first=Bill |title=World Distribution of Quakers, 2012 – QuakerInfo.com |url=http://www.quakerinfo.com/memb2012.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190117115311/http://www.quakerinfo.com/memb2012.shtml |archive-date=17 January 2019 |access-date=24 December 2018 |website=quakerinfo.com}}</ref> Essinzizo ly'Abayudaaya lyokka mu ggwanga liri mu Nairobi. Obusiraamu ddiini ey'okubiri mu bunene, ng'erimu ebitundu 11% eby'abantu. Abasiraamu 60% mu Kenya babeera mu Coastal Region, erimu ebitundu 50% eby'abantu bonna ababeerayo, so ng'ate ekitundu ekya waggulu eky'Ebuvanjuba bwa Kenya kirimu Abasiraamu 10% ab'eggwanga, gye bali ng'ekibiina ky'eddiini ekisinga obunene.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2008 |title=Kenya: International Religious Freedom Report 2008 |url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2008/108374.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419081919/http://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2008/108374.htm |archive-date=19 April 2010 |access-date=16 April 2010 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> Eddiini z'ekinnansi zikolebwa ebitundu 0.7% eby'abantu, wadde ng'Abakristaayo n'Abasiraamu bangi abeeyita bwe batyo bakuuma enzikiriza n'obulombolombo obumu obw'ekinnansi. Abantu abatalina ddiini mu Kenya bali ebitundu 1.6% eby'abantu.<ref name="Cugrwed" /> Abahindu abamu nabo babeera mu Kenya. Omuwendo gubalirirwa okubeera nga guli 60,287, oba ebitundu 0.13% eby'abantu bonna.<ref name="Cugrwed" /> '''Eby'obulamu''' Eby'obulamu kimu ku bitongole ebitali bya nkizo nnyo mu Kenya era byaweebwa ebitundu 4.8% ebya bajeti y'eggwanga mu 2019/2020 oba ebitundu 4.59% ebya GDP bw'ogeraageranya n'ebitongole ebirala ebya nkizo ennyo nga eby'enjigiriza ebyaweebwa ebitundu ebisukka mu 25%. Kino kiri wansi w'ebitundu 4.98% ebya bulijjo mu Sub-Saharan Africa ne 9.83% ebyasaasaanyizibwako mu nsi yonna. Okusinziira ku kwekenneenya kw'embalirira y'ebyobulamu eya National and County Health Budget Analysis FY 2020/21, ennyonyolwa ensaasaanya y'ebyobulamu ku mutendera gw'Essaza ng'eri ku bitundu 58% ku Policy Planning and Administrative Support Services, 28% ku Curative and Rehabilitative Health Services, 8% ku Preventive and Promotive Health Services ne 7% ku pulogulaamu endala. Obujjanjabi busasulirwa nnyo bantu ssekinnoomu n'ab'omu maka gaabwe oba abakozesa nga bayita mu kusasula obutereevu abasawo, mu nkola emanyikiddwa nga National Health Insurance Fund oba eri kampuni za yinsuwa z'ebyobujjanjabi. Okusasulirwa okulala kuva mu bitundu, ebweru w'eggwanga n'enteekateeka za gavumenti ezimu ez'okulabirira abantu. Amalwaliro gabaamu ebisale by'obujjanjabi era nga gakola ssente nnyingi eziva mu ggwanga ne mu gavumenti z'ebitundu ne zifuula amalwaliro gano okubeera ag'ebyobufuzi era ag'obuli bw'enguzi.<ref>{{citation|title=Sectoral Perspectives on Corruption in Kenya: The Case of Public Health Care Delivery|date=February 2010|url=https://eacc.go.ke/default/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/health-report.pdf|access-date=16 February 2023|publisher=Kenya Anti-Corruption Commission|archive-date=19 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230119100332/https://eacc.go.ke/default/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/health-report.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Amalwaliro ag'obwannannyini ga njawulo, gakyukakyuka nnyo, era mazibu okuteeka mu biti/, obutafaananako n'amalwaliro ga gavumenti, agasobola okuteekebwa mu biti omuli obujjanjabi obusookerwako (omutendera I) obukolebwa abasawo b'ebyalo; amaduuka agatunda eddagala (ebifo eby'omutendera II), ebikolebwa abasawo; amalwaliro (ebifo eby'omutendera III), ebikolebwa abasawo abakugu; amalwaliro ga sub-county (ebifo eby'omutendera IV), ebiyinza okukolebwa abasawo abakugu oba abasawo abakugu; amalwaliro g'Essaza (ebifo eby'omutendera V), ebiyinza okukolebwa abasawo abakugu; n'amalwaliro ag'eggwanga amanene (ebifo eby'omutendera VI), ebiyinza okukolebwa abasawo abakugu mu bujjuvu. Ba nnansi be bantu abasinga obungi mu baweereza abali ku mwanjo mu by'obulamu mu bitongole byonna, nga baddirirwa abakozi b'omu ddwaliro, abasawo abakugu, n’abo abasoma obusawo. Bano baweebwa emirimu mu buweereza bwa gavumenti okusinziira ku nteekateeka y’emirimu gy’abasawo (2014), Enkyukakyuka mu nteekateeka y’emirimu gy’abasawo (2020) ne Enkyukakyuka mu nteekateeka y’emirimu gy’abasawo n’abasawo b’amannyo (2016). Abasawo b'ekinnansi (abakugu mu ddagala ly'ekinnansi, abasawo b'ekinnansi, n'abasawo b'enzikiriza) webali mu bungi, beesigika, era batera okwebuuzibwako ng'abasawo abasookerwako oba abasembayo okwebuuzibwako abantu ababeera mu byalo n'ababeera mu bibuga. Wadde nga waliwo ebintu bingi ebikoleddwa mu kisaawe ky'eby'obulamu, Kenya ekyalina okusoomoozebwa kungi. Okuteebereza okw’obulamu obusuubirwa okuwangaala kwalinnya mu 2009 okutuuka ku myaka nga 55 — emyaka etaano wansi w’omutindo gwa 1990.<ref>[http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/kenya_statistics.html#85 UNICEF Statistics: Kenya] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190604143317/https://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/kenya_statistics.html#85|date=4 June 2019}}. Unicef.org.</ref> Omuwendo gw’abaana abafa nga bato gwali waggulu nnyo nga kumpi abaana 44 ku buli baana 1,000 be baafa mu 2012.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200802233410/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2091rank.html?countryName=Kenya&countryCode=ke&regionCode=afr&rank=53#ke Infant Mortality ranks] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802233410/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2091rank.html?countryName=Kenya&countryCode=ke&regionCode=afr&rank=53#ke|date=2 August 2020}}. ''The World Factbook''</ref> Ekitongole ky'ensi yonna ekivunanyizibwa ku by'obulamu mu ekya WHO kyateebereza mu 2011 nti ebitundu 42% byokka eby’abaana abaali bazaalibwa be baalabirirwa omukugu mu by'obulamu.<ref>{{cite web |title=WHO Health-Related Millennium Development Goals Report 2011 |url=https://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/EN_WHS2011_Part1.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617072744/http://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/EN_WHS2011_Part1.pdf |archive-date=17 June 2012}}</ref> Endwadde eziva ku bwavu zikwatagana butereevu n'engeri y'eby'enfuna by'eggwanga gye bikolamu n'okugabanya eby'obugagga: Mu 2015/16, Bannakenya ebitundu 35.6% baali babeera wansi w'omutindo gw'obwavu.<ref name="Poverty Incidence in Kenya">{{cite book |title=Poverty Incidence in Kenya Declined Significantly, but Unlikely to be Eradicated by 2030 |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/kenya/publication/kenya-economic-update-poverty-incidence-in-kenya-declined-significantly-but-unlikely-to-be-eradicated-by-2030 |access-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326162911/https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/kenya/publication/kenya-economic-update-poverty-incidence-in-kenya-declined-significantly-but-unlikely-to-be-eradicated-by-2030 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Endwadde eziziyizibwa nga omusujja gw'ensiri, akawuka akaleeta mukenenya, lubyamira, ekiddukano, n'endya embi bye bizibu ebisinga obunene, abatta abaana abangi, era ebiviirako abantu bangi okulwala; enkola embi, obuli bw'enguzi, abasawo abatamala, obukulembeze obunafu mu kitongole ky'ebyobulamu, bingi ebivunaanyizibwa. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2009, abantu abakulu abalina akawuka ka HIV/AIDS bali ebitundu 6.3% ku bantu bonna abakulu.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190329123741/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2155rank.html?countryName=Kenya&countryCode=ke&regionCode=afr&rank=11#ke CIA World Factbook: HIV/AIDS – Adult Prevalence Rate Rankings] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329123741/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2155rank.html?countryName=Kenya&countryCode=ke&regionCode=afr&rank=11#ke|date=29 March 2019}}. Cia.gov. Retrieved 23 April 2012.</ref> Kyokka, alipoota ya UNAIDS eya 2011 eraga nti ekizibu ky’akawuka ka HIV kiyinza okuba nga kigenda kikendeera mu Kenya, ng’abalina akawuka ka HIV bakendeera mu bavubuka (emyaka 15–24) ne mu bakyala abali embuto.<ref>[http://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/unaidspublication/2011/JC2216_WorldAIDSday_report_2011_en.pdf World AIDS Day Report 2011] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601011732/http://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/unaidspublication/2011/JC2216_WorldAIDSday_report_2011_en.pdf|date=1 June 2013}}. UNAIDS</ref> Kenya yalina abantu abateeberezebwa okuba obukadde 15 abaafuna omusujja gw’ensiri mu 2006.<ref>[https://www.who.int/malaria/publications/country-profiles/2009/mal2009_kenya_0025.pdf "Kenya"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228111430/http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/country-profiles/2009/mal2009_kenya_0025.pdf|date=28 February 2021}}, pp. 111–113 in ''World Malaria report 2009''. WHO.</ref> Akafuba bulwadde bwa maanyi eri eby'obulamu by’abantu. Omuntu omu alina akafuba mu Kenya alina obulwadde buno emirundi egisukka mu ena okusinga mu 1990 ne 2015.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Makori |first1=Linet |last2=Gichana |first2=Haggray |last3=Oyugi |first3=Elvis |last4=Nyale |first4=George |last5=Ransom |first5=James |date=2021 |title=Tuberculosis in an urban hospital setting: Descriptive epidemiology among patients at Kenyatta National Hospital TB clinic, Nairobi, Kenya |journal=International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences |volume=15 |doi=10.1016/j.ijans.2021.100308 |doi-access=free |article-number=100308}}</ref> Enjala mu Nsi Yonna ey'omwaka 2024 kyawa Kenya obubonero 25.0, nga kiraga nti obubi bw'enjala buli ku "ddala lya maanyi".<ref>{{cite web |title=Global Hunger Index Scores by 2024 GHI Rank |url=https://www.globalhungerindex.org/ranking.html |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=Global Hunger Index (GHI) – peer-reviewed annual publication designed to comprehensively measure and track hunger at the global, regional, and country levels}}</ref> '''Abakyala''' Omuwendo gw'abaana omukazi omu gw'azaala mu Kenya gwali gubalirirwa okuba abaana 4.49 buli mukazi mu 2012.<ref>{{cite web |title=IFs Forecast – Version 7.00 – Google Public Data Explorer |url=https://www.google.com/publicdata/explore?ds=n4ff2muj8bh2a_&ctype=l&strail=false&bcs=d&nselm=h&met_y=TFR&fdim_y=scenario:1&scale_y=lin&ind_y=false&rdim=world&idim=country:KE&ifdim=world&tstart=1106895600000&tend=2842498800000 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407115910/http://www.google.com/publicdata/explore?ds=n4ff2muj8bh2a_&ctype=l&strail=false&bcs=d&nselm=h&met_y=TFR&fdim_y=scenario:1&scale_y=lin&ind_y=false&rdim=world&idim=country:KE&ifdim=world&tstart=1106895600000&tend=2842498800000 |archive-date=7 April 2015 |access-date=15 February 2015}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwakolebwa gavumenti ya Kenya mu 2008–09, omuwendo gw'abaana omukazi omu gw'azaala gwali ebitundu 4.6% ate omuwendo gw'abakazi abakozesa enkola za kizaalaggumba gwali ebitundu 46%.<ref>[http://statistics.knbs.or.ke/nada/index.php/catalog/23 Kenya – Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2008–09] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102045335/http://statistics.knbs.or.ke/nada/index.php/catalog/23|date=2 January 2019}}. Kenya National Data Archive (KeNADA)</ref> Okufa kw'abakyala abazaala kuli waggulu, olw'okukomolebwa kw'abakyala,<ref name="lcweb2.loc.gov4">{{cite web |date=June 2007 |title=Country Profile: Kenya |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Kenya.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505051609/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Kenya.pdf |archive-date=5 May 2015 |access-date=23 April 2011 |website=Federal Research Division |publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref> nga kumpi ebitundu 27% ku bakyala baakikola.<ref>{{cite web |title=WHO – Female genital mutilation and other harmful practices |url=https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/fgm/prevalence/en/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101029201427/http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/topics/fgm/prevalence/en/ |archive-date=29 October 2010 |access-date=15 February 2015}}</ref> Kyokka, ekikolwa kino kikendedde ng'eggwanga lyeyongera okukulaakulana, era mu 2011 kyawerebwa mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite news |last=Boseley |first=Sarah |date=8 September 2011 |title=FGM: Kenya acts against unkindest cut |url=https://www.theguardian.com/society/sarah-boseley-global-health/2011/sep/08/women-africa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170617091857/https://www.theguardian.com/society/sarah-boseley-global-health/2011/sep/08/women-africa |archive-date=17 June 2017 |access-date=7 January 2012 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Abakazi baaweebwa amaanyi n'omwagaanya mu by'enfuna nga tebannafugibwa bafuzi b'amatwale. Okuyita mu kugabana ettaka, abakazi baafiirwa obusobozi bw'okufuna n'okufuga ettaka.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |title=Women's participation in the kenyan society |url=http://www.cipe.org/essay/Women's%20participation%20in%20Kenyan%20Society%20-%20Claris%20Kariuki.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110111134944/http://www.cipe.org/essay/Women%27s%20participation%20in%20Kenyan%20Society%20-%20Claris%20Kariuki.pdf |archive-date=11 January 2011 |access-date=2 February 2018 |website=Center for International Private Enterprise}}</ref> Baafuuka ba maanyi mu by'enfuna nga beesigama ku basajja.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> Enteekateeka y'ekikula ky'abantu ey'amatwale yajjawo nga abasajja babuutikira abakazi.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> Emyaka egiri wakati w'obufumbo obusooka gyeyongera n'okweyongera mu by'enjigiriza.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Demographic and Health Survey 2014 |url=https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/fr308/fr308.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403000621/https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/fr308/fr308.pdf |archive-date=3 April 2019 |access-date=2 February 2018 |website=Kenya National Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> Okukabasanya n'okukaka omukwano, okusobya ku baana abatanneetuuka, n'okukuba tebitera kulabibwa nga misango gya maanyi.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |title=MAKING JUSTICE WORK FOR WOMEN Kenya Country Report |url=https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au//bitstream/2123/15632/2/Kenya%20Summary.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203005725/https://ses.library.usyd.edu.au//bitstream/2123/15632/2/Kenya%20Summary.pdf |archive-date=3 February 2018 |access-date=2 February 2018 |website=Sydney eScholarship Repository}}</ref> Alipoota ezikwata ku kutulugunyizibwa oba okukabasanya tezitera kutwalibwa nga nkulu.<ref name="auto2" /> '''Abavubuka''' Akawayiro 260 mu Ssemateeka wa Kenya owa 2010 kannyonnyola abavubuka ng’abo abali wakati w’emyaka 18 ne 34.<ref>{{cite web |title=Const2010 |url=http://www.kenyalaw.org/lex/actview.xql?actid=Const2010#KE/CON/Const2010/chap_16 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180607042248/http://www.kenyalaw.org/lex/actview.xql?actid=Const2010#KE/CON/Const2010/chap_16 |archive-date=7 June 2018 |access-date=2022-02-25 |website=kenyalaw.org}}</ref> Okusinziira ku bibalo by’omuwendo gw’abantu n’okubala abantu okwa 2019, ebitundu 75 ku buli kikumi ku bantu obukadde 47.6 bali wansi w’emyaka 35, ekifuula Kenya eggwanga ly’abavubuka.<ref>{{cite web |date=2020-02-21 |title=Out of 47.6 million Kenyans, 35.7 million are under the age of 35 |url=https://www.citizen.digital/news/out-of-47-6-million-kenyans-35-7-million-are-under-the-age-of-35-323822 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207193147/https://www.citizen.digital/news/out-of-47-6-million-kenyans-35-7-million-are-under-the-age-of-35-323822 |archive-date=7 February 2022 |access-date=2022-02-25 |website=Citizen Digital}}</ref> Ebbula ly’emirimu mu bavubuka n’okukola emirimu egitasasula bulungi mu Kenya kifuuse ekizibu.<ref name="auto3">{{cite web |last=D.G |first=Kabata |title=Why youth unemployment problem require more than a strait jacket solution |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/letters/article/2001391660/youth-unemployment-puzzle-requires-innovative-solutions |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225160550/https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/letters/article/2001391660/youth-unemployment-puzzle-requires-innovative-solutions |archive-date=25 February 2022 |access-date=2022-02-25 |website=The Standard}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kitongole ekivunanyizibwa ku kubala abantu mu Kenya ekya Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS), abantu nga 1.7 baafiirwa emirimu gyabwe olw’ekirwadde kya COVID-19, ekyaggyawo emirimu egimu egitawandiisiddwa era ne kireetera eby'enfuna okukendeera.<ref name="auto3" /> Gavumenti ya Kenya etaddewo enkola okukwasaganya ensonga y'ebbula ly'emirimu mu bavubuka ng'eteeka mu nkola enteekateeka ez'enjawulo ez'okuyamba abantu n'enteekateeka ez'enjawulo omuli: National Youth Service, The National Youth Enterprise Development Fund,<ref>{{cite web |title=Youth Enterprise Development Fund |url=http://www.youthfund.go.ke/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316024321/https://www.youthfund.go.ke/ |archive-date=16 March 2022 |access-date=2022-02-25 |language=en-US}}</ref> The Women Enterprise Fund,<ref>{{cite web |title=Women Enterprise Fund – Kenya – 50 Million African Women Speak |url=https://www.womenconnect.org/web/kenya/access-to-capital/-/asset_publisher/H9h9sCCMQ8ue/content/women-enterprise-fu-3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225160553/https://www.womenconnect.org/web/kenya/access-to-capital/-/asset_publisher/H9h9sCCMQ8ue/content/women-enterprise-fu-3 |archive-date=25 February 2022 |access-date=2022-02-25 |website=womenconnect.org}}</ref> ''Kazi Mtaani, Ajira Digital, Kikao Mtaani'',<ref>{{cite web |title=Kikao Mtaani |url=https://youth.go.ke/kikao-3/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225160553/https://youth.go.ke/kikao-3/ |archive-date=25 February 2022 |access-date=2022-02-25 |website=youth.go.ke |language=en-US}}</ref> ''Uwezo fund'',<ref>{{cite web |title=The Uwezo Fund – A flagship programme for vision 2030 |url=https://www.uwezo.go.ke/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225160553/https://www.uwezo.go.ke/ |archive-date=25 February 2022 |access-date=2022-02-25 |language=en-US}}</ref> ''Future Bora''<ref>{{cite web |title=Home {{!}} Future Bora Innovation Challenge |url=https://www.futurebora.go.ke/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225162053/https://www.futurebora.go.ke/ |archive-date=25 February 2022 |access-date=2022-02-25 |website=Future Bora}}</ref> ne ''Studio mashinani''<ref>{{cite web |last=PLC |first=Standard Group |title=studio mashinani |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/topic/studio-mashinani |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225160551/https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/topic/studio-mashinani |archive-date=25 February 2022 |access-date=2022-02-25 |website=The Standard}}</ref> ezizzaamu abavubuka amaanyi, okubawa emirimu n'okutumbula omutindo gw'obulamu bw'omuntu. '''Eby'enjigiriza''' [[File:MSc student at Kenyatta University.jpg|thumb|Omuyizi w'obusawo mu Yunivasite ys Kenyatta mu Nairobi]] Abaana basomera mu masomero ga nasale oba aga kindergarten ag'obwannannyini, okutuusa nga bawezezza emyaka etaano. Kino kimala emwaka gumu okutuuka ku esatu (KG1, KG2 ne KG3) era kisasulirwa bantu kinnoomu kubanga tewabangawo tteeka lya gavumenti ku kusomesa abaana abatanneetuuka okutuusa gye buvuddeko.<ref>{{cite web |last=Reporter |first=Standard |title=Government to review Early Childhood Development policy |url=http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2000188257/government-to-review-early-childhood-development-policy |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822022539/http://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2000188257/government-to-review-early-childhood-development-policy |archive-date=22 August 2016 |access-date=23 June 2016 |website=Standard Digital News}}</ref> Okusoma okwa bulijjo kutandika ku myaka mukaaga era kumala emyaka 12, nga mulimu emyaka munaana mu pulayimale n’ena mu sekendule. Essomero lya pulayimale lya bwereere mu masomero ga gavumenti era abo abalisomeramu basobola okwegatta ku matendekero g’ebyemikono aga youth/village polytechnic, oba okukola enteekateeka zaabwe ku lwabwe ez’okutendekebwa mu mirimu egy’enjawulo ne bayiga emirimu nga okutunga, okubajja, okukanika emmotoka, okukuba amatoffaali n’okuzimba okumala emyaka nga ebiri.<ref name=":22">{{cite web |title=Primary School Education in Kenya |url=http://kenyapage.net/education/primary.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170412165404/http://kenyapage.net/education/primary.html |archive-date=12 April 2017 |access-date=10 June 2016 |website=kenyapage.net}}</ref> Abo abamaliriza siniya basobola okuyingira mu matendekero ga politekiniki oba amatendekero amalala ag'ebyemikono ne basomera emyaka esatu, oba okugenda butereevu ku ssettendekero ne basomera emyaka ena. Abamaliriza okuva mu matendekero ga politekiniki ne mu matendekero amalala basobola okuyingira mu mirimu n'oluvannyuma ne bafuna dipulooma ey'enjawulo oluvannyuma lw'okwongerako omwaka gumu oba ebiri ogw'okutendekebwa, oba okugenda ku ssettendekero—nga mu mwaka ogw'okubiri oba ogw'okusatu ogw'essomo lyabwe eribabeeramu. Dipulooma ey'awaggulu ekkirizibwa abakozesa bangi mu kifo kya diguli eya bachelor's era okuyingira butereevu oba okwanguyirwa okugenda mu misomo egya waggulu kisoboka mu ssettendekero ezimu. [[File:Masai girl at school doing maths.jpg|thumb|Omuwala omu Masai ku ssomero]] Ssettendekero za gavumenti mu Kenya zafuuka z'ansimbi era zitunda nnyo era batono nnyo ku abo abamalirizza emisomo gyabwe mu siniya abakkirizibwa okusomera ku sikaala za gavumenti mu pulogulaamu ze baagala. Abasinga bakkirizibwa mu bya ssaayansi ezikwata ku bantu, ezitwala ssente entono okuddukanya, oba ng'abayizi abeeteeseteese okusasulira ddala ebisale by'okusoma kwabwe. Abayizi abasinga abatuukiriza ebisaanyizo naye ne balemererwa okufuna ebifo basalawo okusoma dipulooma ez'omutendera ogwa wakati mu ssettendekero za gavumenti oba ez'obwannannyini, amatendekero, ne mu matendekero ga politekiniki. Mu 2018, ebitundu 18.5 ku buli kikumi eby'abantu abakulu mu Kenya baali tebamanyi kusoma na kuwandiika, era nga guno gwe gwali omuwendo ogusinga obunene ogw'abantu abasobola okusoma n'okuwandiika mu East Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) – Kenya {{!}} Data |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.LITR.ZS?locations=KE |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128112128/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.LITR.ZS?locations=KE |archive-date=28 January 2021 |access-date=2021-01-22 |website=data.worldbank.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) – Sub-Saharan Africa {{!}} Data |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.LITR.ZS?locations=ZG&most_recent_value_desc=false |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416224534/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.LITR.ZS?locations=ZG&most_recent_value_desc=false |archive-date=16 April 2021 |access-date=2021-01-22 |website=data.worldbank.org}}</ref> Waliwo enjawulo ennene mu bitundu: okugeza, Nairobi yalina omutindo gw'okusoma n'okuwandiika ogusinga obunene nga guli ku bitundu 87.1 ku buli kikumi, bw'ogeraageranya n'Essaza ly'Obukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, eryali lisembayo wansi, ku bitundu 8.0 ku buli kikumi. Preschool, ekiruubirira abaana okuva ku myaka esatu okutuuka ku etaano, kitundu kikulu mu nkola y'ebyenjigiriza era kye kyetaagisa okuyingira mu Standard One (First Grade). Ku nkomerero y'okusoma kwa pulayimale, abayizi batuula ebigezo bya Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (KCPE), ekisalawo abo abagenda mu siniya oba okutendekebwa mu by'emikono. Ebiva mu bigezo bino byetaagisa okusobola okusindikibwa mu siniya.<ref name=":23">{{cite web |title=Primary School Education in Kenya |url=http://kenyapage.net/education/primary.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170412165404/http://kenyapage.net/education/primary.html |archive-date=12 April 2017 |access-date=10 June 2016 |website=kenyapage.net}}</ref> Essomero lya pulayimale lya bayizi abali wakati w'emyaka 6/7-13/14. Abo abagenda mu siniya, waliwo ebigezo by'eggwanga lyonna ku nkomerero ya siniya Ey'okuna – Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE), ekisalawo abo abagenda mu yunivasite, okutendekebwa okulala okw'ekikugu, oba emirimu. Abayizi batuula ebigezo mu masomo munaana ge balonze. Kyokka, Olungereza, Kiswahili, n'okubala bye masomo ag'obuwaze. Ekitongole kya Kenya Universities and Colleges Central Placement Service (KUCCPS), ekyali ekiyitibwa Joint Admissions Board (JAB), kye kivunaanyizibwa ku kulonda abayizi abayingira mu yunivasite za gavumenti. Ng'oggyeeko amasomero ga gavumenti, waliwo amasomero mangi ag'obwannannyini, okusingira ddala mu bitundu by'ebibuga. Mu ngeri y'emu, waliwo amasomero mangi ag'ensi yonna agakola ku nkola z'ebyenjigiriza ez'enjawulo ez'ensi z'ebweru. Kenya yali mu kifo kya 102 mu Global Innovation Index mu 2025.<ref>{{cite web |title=GII Innovation Ecosystems & Data Explorer 2025 |url=https://www.wipo.int/gii-ranking/en/kenya |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=WIPO}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Dutta |first=Soumitra |year=2025 |title=Global Innovation Index 2025: Innovation at a Crossroads |url=https://www.wipo.int/web-publications/global-innovation-index-2025/en/index.html |last2=Lanvin |first2=Bruno |publisher=[[World Intellectual Property Organization]] |isbn=978-92-805-3797-0 |page=19 |doi=10.34667/tind.58864 |access-date=2025-10-17}}</ref> == Obuwangwa == Obuwangwa bwa Kenya buzingiramu obulombolombo obw'enjawulo okuva mu mawanga 42 (+).[1] Kenya terina buwangwa bumanyiddwa nnyo. Wabula elimu obuwangwa obw'enjawulo mu bitundu eby'enjawulo. Abantu abamanyiddwa ennyo mulimu Abaswayiri ku lubalama lw'ennyanja, abantu abalala ab'ekika kya Bantu mu bitundu bya wakati ne mu Bugwanjuba, n'abantu ab'ekika kya Nilotic mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba. Obuwangwa bw'Abamaasai bumanyiddwa nnyo mu by'obulambuzi, wadde nga bantu batono nnyo mu bantu abali mu Kenya. Bamanyiddwa olw'okwesiiga n'okwambala eby'omuwendo eby'okwewunda. Kenya erina ennyimba, ttivvi, n'ebifo ebisanyukirwamu bingi. '''Ebiwandiiko''' [[File:Nation media house.jpg|thumb|Ekitebe kya Nation Media House ekikulembera Nation Media Group]] [[File:Ngugi wa Thiong'o - Festivaletteratura 2012.JPG|thumb|Omuwandiisi Munnakenya [[:en:Ngũgĩ_wa_Thiong'o|Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]]]] [[Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] y'omu ku bawandiisi ba Kenya abasinga okumanyibwa. Ekitabo kye ''Weep Not'', Child kiraga obulamu mu Kenya mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bwa Bungereza. Emboozi eno eraga ebizibu bya Mau Mau ku bulamu bw'Abannakenya. Okugattika kw'ebigambo ebirimu—obufuzi bw'amatwale, okusoma, n'okwagala—kyayamba okukifuula kimu ku bitabo by'Abafirika ebisinga okumanyibwa. Akatabo ka [[M.G. Vassanji]] aka 2003 ''The In-Between World of Vikram Lall'' kaawangula ekirabo kya Giller Prize mu 2003. Kino kiwandiiko eky'ekikungu ak'Omunnakennya ow'obuzaale bw'Abayindi ne famire ye nga bwe bagezaako okumanyiira embeera z'ebyobufuzi ezikyukakyuka mu Kenya ey'amatwale n'oluvannyuma lw'amatwale. Okuva mu 2003, akatabo k'ebiwandiiko akayitibwa ''Kwani?'' kabadde kafulumya ebiwandiiko bya Bannakenya eby'omulembe guno. Kenya era ezimbye abawandiisi abapya abalina obusobozi obw'enjawulo nga Paul Kipchumba (Kipwendui, Kibiwott) abalaga endowooza ya Afirika yonna.<ref>{{cite book |date=3 December 2017 |title=Africa in China's 21st Century: In Search of a Strategy |publisher=Independently published |isbn=978-1973456803}}</ref> '''Ennyimba''' Kenya erina ennyimba ez'enjawulo ezimanyiddwa ennyo, okwongereza ku ngeri z'ennyimba ez'ekinnansi ez'enjawulo okusinziira ku njawulo y'ennimi ezisukka mu 40 ez'ebitundu.<ref>[http://www.wipo.int/wipo_magazine/en/2007/04/article_0001.html On the Beat – Tapping the Potential of Kenya's Music Industry] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103130711/http://www.wipo.int/wipo_magazine/en/2007/04/article_0001.html|date=3 November 2011}}, [[WIPO]] Magazine (July 2007).</ref> [[File:Juacali 1.jpg|thumb|Muyimbi Munnakenya amanyikiddwa ennyo]] Engoma ze zisinga okukozesebwa mu nnyimba za Kenya ezimanyiddwa ennyo. Ennyimba z'engoma ziba nzibu nnyo era zirimu ennyimba z'ekinnansi n'ezo ezireeteddwa okuva ebweru, naddala ez'ekika kya cavacha eza Congo. Ennyimba za Kenya ezimanyiddwa ennyo zitera okubaamu ennyimba ez'enjawulo ezikwatagana, era ennaku zino, waliwo n'ennyimba za gita eziwuniikiriza. Era waliwo abayimbi ba hip-hop abawera, omuli Jua Cali; ebibiina bya Afro-pop nga Sauti Sol; n'abayimbi abazannya ennyimba ez'ekinnansi nga Benga, nga Akothee. Ebigambo ebiri mu nnyimba zino bitera kubeera mu Luswayiri oba mu Lungereza. Waliwo n'ekintu ekirala ekigenda kyeyongera mu Lingala ekiggyibwa ku bayimbi b'omu Congo. Ebigambo era biwandiikibwa mu nnimi ennansi. Leediyo z'omu bibuga zitera kuwuliriza nnyimba za Lungereza zokka, wadde nga waliwo ne leediyo endala ezikozesa ennimi ennansi. Zilizopendwa kika kya nnyimba z'omu bibuga ezaakwatibwa mu myaka gya 1960, 70, ne 80 abayimbi nga Daudi Kabaka, Fadhili William, ne Sukuma Bin Ongaro, era nga zisinga kunyumirwa bantu abakulu—nga zaamanyibwa nnyo olw'okuweerezebwa ku mpewo za Kenya Broadcasting Corporation's Kiswahili service (edda eyayitibwanga Voice of Kenya oba VOK). Isukuti ge mazina ag'amaanyi agakolebwa ebika by'Abaluha ab'omu Luhya nga bakuba engoma ey'ekinnansi eyitibwa Isukuti ku mikolo mingi nga okuzaalibwa kw'omwana, obufumbo, oba okuziika. Amazina amalala ag'ennono mulimu Ohangla mu Balo, Nzele mu Bamiikenda, Mugithi mu Bakikuyu, ne Taarab mu Baswayiri. Kenya erina ennyimba z'eddiini ezilyowa emyoyo. Abayimbi b'ennyimba z'ekkanisa abamanyifu mu ggwanga mulimu ekibiina kya Kenyan Boys Choir. Ennyimba za benga zibadde zimanyiddwa okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1960, naddala mu kitundu ekiriraanye Ennyanja Nalubaale. Ekigambo ''benga'' oluusi kikozesebwa okutegeeza ekika kyonna eky'ennyimba za pop. Bass, guitar, n'okukuba ebivuga bye bintu ebitera okukozesebwa. '''Eby'emizannyo''' [[File:2012 Summer Olympics – Womens 5000 metres heat 1 - 1.jpg|thumb|Jepkosgei Kipyego ne Jepkemoi Cheruiyot mu mpaka za London Olympics 2012]] Kenya yeenyigira mu mizannyo mingi egy'enjawulo omuli cricket, okuvuga emmotoka z'empaka, omupiira, rugby, field hockey, n'ebikonde. Eggwanga limanyiddwa nnyo olw'obuwanguzi bwayo mu misinde egy'okwetooloola ekisaawe n'egy'okwetooloola ebbanga eddene, nga bulijjo libadde livaamu bannantameggwa mu mizannyo gya Olimpiki ne mu mizannyo gya Commonwealth Games mu misinde egy'enjawulo, naddala mu mita 800, 1,500, 3,000 steeplechase, 5,000, 10,000, n'emisinde mubuna byalo. Abaddusi ba Kenya (naddala Kalenjin), beeyongera okufuga ensi y'okudduka emisinde emiwanvu, wadde nga okuvuganya okuva e Morocco ne Ethiopia kukendeezezza obukulu buno. Abamu ku baddusi ba Kenya abamanyiddwa ennyo mulimu omuwanguzi w'empaka z'abakazi eza Boston Marathon emirundi ena era omuwanguzi w'ensi yonna emirundi ebiri [[Catherine Ndereba]], omuwanguzi w'ensi yonna ow'obudde bwa mita 800 [[David Rudisha]], eyaliko omuwanguzi w'ensi yonna mu misinde gy'okwetooloola ebyalo [[Paul Tergat]], ne [[John Ngugi]] eyawangula omudaali gwa zaabu mu misinde gya 5000m mu Olympics. Omuddusi wa Kenya asinga okuweebwa ebirabo ye [[Eliud Kipchoge]], eyawangula emidaali gya zaabu emirundi esatu mu Olympics era eyawangula emisinde gy'ensi yonna emirundi kkumi na gumu. Kenya yawangula emidaali mingi mu mizannyo gya Olimpiki egya Beijing nga baawangula emidaali gya: zaabu mukaaga, feeza nnya, ne kikomo nnya, ne kigifuula eggwanga lya Afirika erisinga okuba n'obuwanguzi mu mizannyo gya Olimpiki egya 2008. Abazannyi abapya baafuna ettutumu, gamba nga Pamela Jelimo, omuwanguzi w'omudaali gwa zaabu mu mmita 800 eyagenda mu maaso n'okuwangula IAAF Golden League jackpot, ne Samuel Wanjiru, eyawangula emisinde gy'abasajja egy'amubuna byalo. Kipchoge Keino eyawummula eyawangula Olimpiki ne Common Wealth Games yayamba okutandikawo obuwanguzi mu misinde mu myaka gya 1970 era n'agobererwa Henry Rono eyawangula Common Wealth Champion's spectacular string of world record performances. Gye buvuddeko awo, wabaddewo obutakkaanya mu baddusi b'omu Kenya, ng'abaddusi ba Kenya bangi baddukira mu mawanga amalala, okusingira ddala Bahrain ne Qatar.<ref name="IAAF">IAAF: {{usurped|[https://web.archive.org/web/20130509091352/http://www.iaaf.net/mm/Document/imported/42196.pdf Changes of Allegiance 1998 to 2005]}}</ref> Minisitule y'ebyemizannyo mu Kenya egezezzaako okukomya okudduka mu mawanga, naye beeyongeddeyo, nga Bernard Lagat gwe basembyeyo, okusalawo okukiikirira Amerika.<ref name="IAAF" />Abaddusi ba Kenya abasinga obungi abadduka mu mawanga gaabwe baddukira mu mawanga malala, kiva ku nsonga za byanfuna oba ebyensimbi.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mynott |first=Adam |date=20 May 2005 |title=Kenya examines track star defections |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4566821.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417231056/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4566821.stm |archive-date=17 April 2016 |access-date=10 June 2016 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Okusalawo kwa gavumenti ya Kenya okussa omusolo ku nnyingiza y'abaddusi nakyo kiyinza okuba nga kye kibasindiikiriza.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 January 2014 |title=Furious Kenyans threaten to defect over taxes |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-athletics-kenya-taxes-idUSBREA0L1OM20140122 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805120245/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-athletics-kenya-taxes-idUSBREA0L1OM20140122 |archive-date=5 August 2016 |access-date=10 June 2016 |work=Reuters}}</ref> Abaddusi ba Kenya abasinga obungi abatasobola kuyitamu ku ttiimu y'eggwanga ey'amaanyi basanga obuzibu okuyitamu nga badduka ku ttiimu z'amawanga amalala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why the defections? |url=http://mobile.nation.co.ke/Sports/Why+the+defections/-/1951244/1957996/-/format/xhtml/-/hpgsnf/-/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818074600/http://mobile.nation.co.ke/Sports/Why+the+defections/-/1951244/1957996/-/format/xhtml/-/hpgsnf/-/index.html |archive-date=18 August 2016 |access-date=10 June 2016 |website=mobile.nation.co.ke}}</ref> [[File:David Rudisha Daegu 2011.jpg|thumb|Omuwanguzi w'emisinde gya mita 800, David Rudisha]] Kenya ebadde n'amaanyi mangi mu muzannyo gw'abakyala ogwa volleyball mu Afirika, nga kiraabu ne ttiimu y'eggwanga ziwangula empaka ez'enjawulo ku ssemazinga mu myaka ekkumi egiyise.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 June 2015 |title=Kenya women's volleyball caps three decades of excellence {{!}} Kenya Page Blog |url=http://kenyapage.net/commentary/kenya-sports-commentary/kenya-womens-volleyball-caps-four-decades-of-excellence/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160612121336/http://kenyapage.net/commentary/kenya-sports-commentary/kenya-womens-volleyball-caps-four-decades-of-excellence/ |archive-date=12 June 2016 |access-date=10 June 2016 |website=kenyapage.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 June 2015 |title=Volleyball: Champions Kenya Scoop Major Continental Awards {{!}} |url=http://www.chimpreports.com/volleyball-kenya-crowned-african-nations-champions/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803233901/http://www.chimpreports.com/volleyball-kenya-crowned-african-nations-champions/ |archive-date=3 August 2016 |access-date=10 June 2016 |website=chimpreports.com}}</ref> Ttiimu y'abakyala ezannye mu Olimpiki ne mu mpaka z'ensi yonna, wadde nga tebadde na buwanguzi bwa maanyi. Cricket gwe muzannyo omulala ogumanyiddwa ennyo, era nga gwe gusinga okuba n'obuwanguzi mu mizannyo gy'ebibinja. Kenya ezannye mu Cricket World Cup okuva mu 1996. Baakubaamu ezimu ku ttiimu ezisinga obulungi mu nsi era ne batuuka ku ddaala lya semi-finals mu mpaka za 2003. Baawangula World Cricket League Division 1 eyasooka eyali mu Nairobi era ne beetaba mu World T20. Era beetaba mu ICC Cricket World Cup 2011. Kapiteeni waabwe aliwo kati ye Rakep Patel.<ref>{{Cite web |title=:: Cricket Kenya |url=http://www.cricketkenya.co.ke/senior_men.php#&panel1-1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328200749/http://cricketkenya.co.ke/senior_men.php#&panel1-1 |archive-date=28 March 2016 |access-date=10 June 2016 |website=cricketkenya.co.ke}}</ref> [[File:Roshan Ali.jpg|thumb|Roshan Ali eyaliko omukuumi wa goolo ku ttiimu ya Kenya eya Hockey]] Rugby yeeyongera okumanyibwa, naddala n’empaka za Safari Sevens ezibaawo buli mwaka. Ttiimu ya Kenya eya Sevens yali mu kifo kya 9 mu IRB Sevens World Series mu sizoni ya 2006. Mu 2016, ttiimu yakuba Fiji mu mpaka za Singapore Sevens ez’akamalirizo, ekyaleetera Kenya okubeera eggwanga ery’okubiri mu Afirika oluvannyuma lwa South Africa okuwangula empaka za World Series.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 April 2016 |title=Kenya win Singapore Sevens title |url=http://www.supersport.com/rugby/sevens/news/160417/Kenya_win_Singapore_Sevens_title |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160621175817/http://www.supersport.com/rugby/sevens/news/160417/Kenya_win_Singapore_Sevens_title |archive-date=21 June 2016 |access-date=10 June 2016 |work=SuperSport}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Kenya beat Fiji to win their first Sevens World Series title |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-union/36067269 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420153557/http://www.bbc.com/sport/rugby-union/36067269 |archive-date=20 April 2016 |access-date=10 June 2016 |work=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sport |first=Telegraph |date=17 April 2016 |title=HSBC World Rugby Sevens Series: Kenya shock Fiji and win maiden title in Singapore |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/rugby-sevens/2016/04/17/hsbc-world-rugby-sevens-series-kenya-shock-fiji-and-win-maiden-t/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160619110410/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/rugby-sevens/2016/04/17/hsbc-world-rugby-sevens-series-kenya-shock-fiji-and-win-maiden-t/ |archive-date=19 June 2016 |access-date=10 June 2016 |work=The Telegraph}}</ref> Kenya nayo yali eggwanga ery'amaanyi mu mupiira mu kitundu. Kyokka, obuyinza bwayo bukendedde olw'enkaayana mu kibiina ekyali kiddukanya omupiira mu kenya ekya Kenya Football Federation ekitakyaliwo,<ref>New Vision, 3 June 2004: [http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/30/364022 Wrangles land Kenya indefinite FIFA ban] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080110015009/http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/30/364022|date=10 January 2008}}</ref> ekiviiriddeko okugobebwa FIFA mu Gwokusatu 2007. Mu mpaka z'emmotoka ez'empaka, Kenya y'ewaka w'empaka za Safari Rally ezimanyiddwa mu nsi yonna, ezimanyiddwa ng'emu ku mpaka ezisinga okuba enzibu mu nsi yonna.<ref>The Auto Channel, 21 July 2001: [http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2001/07/22/025841.html FIA RALLY: Delecour takes points finish on Safari Rally debut] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071210095507/http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2001/07/22/025841.html|date=10 December 2007}}</ref> Empaka zino zaasooka kubaawo mu 1953, era zaali kitundu ku mpaka za World Rally Championship okumala emyaka mingi okutuusa lwe zaagibwamu oluvannyuma lw'empaka za 2002 olw'ebizibu by'ensimbi. Abamu ku bavuzi b'empaka z'emmotoka abasinga obulungi mu nsi yonna beenyigidde mu mpaka zino era ne baziwangula, gamba nga Björn Waldegård, Hannu Mikkola, Tommi Mäkinen, Shekhar Mehta, Carlos Sainz, ne Colin McRae. Empaka za Safari Rally zaakomawo mu mpaka za nsi yonna mu 2021, oluvannyuma lw'empaka za 2003–2019 okutegekebwa ng'ekitundu ku African Rally Championship. Nairobi etegeseeko emizannyo mingi egy'amaanyi ku ssemazinga, omuli empaka za FIBA Africa Championship 1993, ttiimu y'eggwanga ey'omupiira gw'ensero bwe yamalira mu bana abasooka, nga kino kye kyali ekisingayo obulungi okutuusa kati.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171008174937/http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/sid/2405/tid/312/_/1993_African_Championship_for_Men_/index.html 1993 FIBA Africa Championship for Men] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008174937/http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/event/p/sid/2405/tid/312/_/1993_African_Championship_for_Men_/index.html|date=8 October 2017}}, ARCHIVE.FIBA.COM. Retrieved 24 January 2016.</ref> Kenya nayo erina ttiimu yaayo ey'omuzannyo gwa ice hockey, eyitibwa Kenya Ice Lions.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220527112254/https://www.nhl.com/news/color-of-hockey-kenya-ice-lions-ready-to-roar/c-316726578 Color of Hockey: Kenya Ice Lions ready to roar] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527112254/https://www.nhl.com/news/color-of-hockey-kenya-ice-lions-ready-to-roar/c-316726578|date=27 May 2022}} – [[NHL]]</ref> Ekisaawe kya ttiimu eno ekikulu kiyitibwa Solar Ice Rink ku Panari Sky Centre mu Nairobi,<ref>[https://www.iihf.com/en/news/18709/hockey-visit-to-kenya Hockey visit to Kenya] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527112254/https://www.iihf.com/en/news/18709/hockey-visit-to-kenya|date=27 May 2022}} – [[IIHF]]</ref><ref>[https://www.panarihotels.com/hotel-nairobi/ice-rink.html Solar Ice Rink] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707142634/http://panarihotels.com/hotel-nairobi/ice-rink.html|date=7 July 2022}} – The Panari Hotel</ref> nga kino kye kisaawe ky'omuzannyo guno eky'asooka era ekisinga obunene mu Afirika yonna.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 December 2005 |title=Kenyan skaters flock to East Africa's first ice rink |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2005-12-26-kenyan-skaters-flock-to-east-africas-first-ice-rink/ |website=The Mail & Guardian}}</ref> Ttiimu y'eggwanga ey'abasajja ey'omuzannyo gwa Hockey yali emu ku ttiimu ezisinga mu nsi mu myaka gya 1960 ne 1970. Kenya yali mu kifo kyamukaaga mu mpaka za Summer Olympics hockey ez'omu 1964 ate mu 1971 yali mu kifo kya kuna mu mpaka z'abasajja eza FIH Hockey World Cup. '''Emmere yaabwe''' [[File:Ugali & Sukuma Wiki.jpg|thumb|Ugali ne Sukuma wiki emu ku emmere esinga okulibwa mu kenya]] Bannakenya okutwaliza awamu balya emirundi esatu olunaku—ekyenkya (kiamsha kinywa), ekyemisana (chakula cha mchana), n'ekyeggulo (chakula cha jioni oba simply chajio). Mu makkati, banywa caayi ow'essaawa 10 (chai ya saa nne) ne caayi ow'essaawa 10 ez'olweggulo (chai ya saa kumi). Ekyenkya kitera kuba caayi oba obuugi n'omugaati, chapati, mahamri, lumonde omufumbe, oba amayuuni. Githeri mmere ya bulijjo eliibwa nga eky'emisana mu maka agawerako, so nga ate Ugali n'enva endiirwa, amata (mursik), ennyama, eby'ennyanja, oba enva endala zitera kuliibwa abantu abasinga obungi nga ky'emisana oba eky'eggulo. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Kenya, mu bantu abayitibwa Luo, eby'ennyanja kye kijjulo ekisinga okuliibwa; mu bantu abayitibwa Kalenjin, abasinga obungi mu kitundu kya Rift Valley Region, mursik—amata kye ky'okunywa ekisinga okunywebwa. Cheese afuuse wa ttutumu mu Kenya, ng'okugirya kweyongedde naddala mu bantu ab'omutendera ogw'okubiri.<ref>[http://www.africanews.com/2016/09/04/kenyans-are-gradually-loving-cheese/ Kenyans are gradually loving cheese] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114041844/http://www.africanews.com/2016/09/04/kenyans-are-gradually-loving-cheese/|date=14 November 2017}}, africanews.com, 4 September 2016.</ref><ref>[https://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/entrepreneur-grows-her-hobby-into-a-successful-cheese-making-business/ Entrepreneur grows her hobby into a successful cheese making business] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171114040913/https://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/entrepreneur-grows-her-hobby-into-a-successful-cheese-making-business/|date=14 November 2017}}, howwemadeitinafrica.com, 23 August 2013.</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Amawanga ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] * [[Olukalala lw'amasaza ga Kenya]] * [[Olukalala lw'aBannakenya]] * Enkolagana ya Kenya n'amawanga amalala * Okubunyisa amazzi mu Kenya n'obuyonjo == Ebijuliziddwa == [[be-x-old:Кенія]] [[na:Kenya]] [[nah:Quenia]] [[nv:Kénya]] [[roa-rup:Kenia]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga ag'etaba mu mpaka za Commonwealth]] [[Category:Abaafuna emidaali mu mpaka za African Games 2019]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda]] [[Category:Eddiini mu Buganda]] [[Category:Omupiira mu Uganda]] [[xal:Кенимудин Орн]] po5bqno14y90k35orp649m7oq42tm2j Buloba 0 5619 75267 74833 2026-09-24T23:49:25Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75267 wikitext text/x-wiki {{stub}} Buloba kitundu kya kibuga mu Disitulikiti y'e [[Wakiso (disitulikit)|Wakiso]] mu [[Buganda]] e [[Uganda]].<ref name="2R">{{cite web |author=Uganda Travel Guide |date=12 July 2018 |title=Profile of Wakiso District |url=http://www.ugandatravelguide.com/wakiso-district.html |access-date=12 July 2018 |publisher=Uganda Travel Guide |location=Kampala |archive-date=5 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705235556/http://www.ugandatravelguide.com/wakiso-district.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ekitundu kino okusinga kitundu kya bantu ba mutindo gwa wakati.<ref name="3R">{{cite web |last=Kato |first=Joseph |date=15 October 2014 |title=Buloba: One of Wakiso’s Urban Centres |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/HomesandProperty/One-of-Wakiso-s-urban-centres/689858-2486134-pwt3e3z/index.html |access-date=12 July 2018 |location=Kampala}}</ref>{{Databox}} == Ekifo == Buloba eri ku luguudo lwa Kampala–Mityana oluliko kolaasi. Eri mu kiromita nga 22 (mayiro 14), bwoba ogoberedde oluguudo, mu bugwanjuba bwa Kampala, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda era ekibuga ekisinga obunene.<ref name="4R">{{google maps|url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Uganda+Post+Office,+Plot+35+Kampala+Road,+Kampala+P.O.BOX+7106,+KAMPALA/Buloba+police+station,+8CCR%2BC5X,+A109,+Buloba/@0.3294105,32.4728929,12.25z/data=!4m15!4m14!1m5!1m1!1s0x177dbc808cc2ab43:0x7dd3e9e39634c3b!2m2!1d32.58138!2d0.3137559!1m5!1m1!1s0x177da78b7a67d9f3:0x49576b95f98eaf31!2m2!1d32.4405138!2d0.3211251!3e0!5i1|title=Road Distance Between Uganda Post Office, Kampala Road, Kampala, Uganda and Buloba, Wakiso District, Uganda|access-date=13 August 2022}}</ref> Ensengeka za Buloba Main, amangu ddala mu bukiikakkono bwa Poliisi y'e Buloba ziri 0°19'30.0"N, 32°27'26.0"E (Latitude:0.325000; Longitude:32.457222).<ref name="5R">{{google maps|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/0%C2%B019'30.0%22N+32%C2%B027'26.0%22E/@0.325494,32.4548128,648m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d0.325!4d32.4572222|title=Location of Buloba, Wakiso District, Uganda|access-date=12 July 2018}}</ref> Kisangibwa ku buwanvu bwa mita 1,170 (fuuti 3,839), waggulu w'obugulumivu bw'ennyanja.<ref name="6R">{{cite web |author=Elevationmap.net |date=12 July 2018 |title=The Elevation of Buloba, Wakiso District, Uganda |url=https://elevationmap.net/buloba-wakiso-busiiro-ug-1002033858 |access-date=12 July 2018 |work=Elevationmap.net}}</ref> == Okutwalira awamu == Buloba egabanyizibwamu zoni nnya ez'obufuzi, okuva ebuvanjuba okutuuka mu bugwanjuba: * (a) Buloba ku Mwenda ("Buloba Nine Miles"), nga kiromita 14 mu bugwanjuba bwa Kampala * (b) Buloba Kasero, mayiro nga 10.5 (17 km) mu bugwanjuba bwa Kampala * (c) Buloba Main, mayiro nga 12 (19 km) mu bugwanjuba bwa Kampala ne * (d) Buloba Kiweesa, . nga mayiro 14 (kiromita 23) mu bugwanjuba bwa Kampala.<ref name="7R">{{cite web |author=Lcmt.Org |date=12 July 2018 |title=Villages in Buloba Parish |url=http://www.lcmt.org/uganda/wakiso/wakiso/buloba |access-date=12 July 2018 |publisher=Lcmt.Org}}</ref> Ekitundu kya Buloba kibalirirwamu hectares 1,295 (yiika 3,200) oba km2 13.<ref name="3R2">{{cite web |last=Kato |first=Joseph |date=15 October 2014 |title=Buloba: One of Wakiso’s Urban Centres |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/HomesandProperty/One-of-Wakiso-s-urban-centres/689858-2486134-pwt3e3z/index.html |access-date=12 July 2018 |location=Kampala}}</ref> Ekyuma ekirongoosa amafuta ekya Uganda bwe kinaazimbibwa, kisuubirwa nti Hoima–Kampala Petroleum Products Pipeline, amafuta agalongooseddwa gajja kuyisibwa mu payipu mu kifo ekiriraanye Buloba, okugabibwa munda mu Kampala n’ebibuga ebirala nga Entebbe.<ref name="8R">{{cite web |author=Oil Review Africa |date=27 May 2013 |title=Uganda to Build Petroleum Distribution Terminal and Two New Pipelines |url=http://www.oilreviewafrica.com/downstream/downstream/uganda-to-build-petroleum-distribution-terminal-and-two-new-pipelines |access-date=12 July 2018 |publisher=Oil Review Africa |location=London}}</ref><ref name="9R">{{cite web |last=Ssekika |first=Edward |date=21 May 2013 |title=Government to Build Oil Terminal in Wakiso District |url=http://observer.ug/business/38-business/25414-government-to-build-oil-terminal-in-wakiso |access-date=22 November 2015 |newspaper=[[The Observer (Uganda)]] |location=Kampala |archive-date=23 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123045518/http://observer.ug/business/38-business/25414-government-to-build-oil-terminal-in-wakiso |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ebintu ebikwata ku nsonga eno == Poliisi y'e Buloba, ekitongole kya Poliisi ya Uganda, esangibwa mu "Buloba Main". Ebifo by'ebyobulamu mulimu Buloba Health Center ne Lynaset Health Care Services.<ref name="3R3">{{cite web |last=Kato |first=Joseph |date=15 October 2014 |title=Buloba: One of Wakiso’s Urban Centres |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/HomesandProperty/One-of-Wakiso-s-urban-centres/689858-2486134-pwt3e3z/index.html |access-date=12 July 2018 |location=Kampala}}</ref> Ekitundu kino era kirimu essomero lya Buloba High School, Buloba Teacher’s Training College, Buloba Vocational Institute n’ekibangirizi kya Africa Renewal University. Ekkanisa ya Kasero Church of Uganda ne St. Peter Catholic Church nazo zisangibwa wano.<ref name="3R4">{{cite web |last=Kato |first=Joseph |date=15 October 2014 |title=Buloba: One of Wakiso’s Urban Centres |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/HomesandProperty/One-of-Wakiso-s-urban-centres/689858-2486134-pwt3e3z/index.html |access-date=12 July 2018 |location=Kampala}}</ref> == Ebijulizidwa == [[Category:Ebitundu bya Uganda eby'enjawulo]] 6hcj9058dy5ow1ncffhwb6job4b4gwi Raphael Magyezi 0 7985 75262 70471 2026-09-24T19:29:04Z ~2026-51547-00 11843 converted reference 75262 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Raphael Magyezi yazaalibwa ng'''<nowiki/>'ennaku z'omwezi 27 omwezi ogw'omusanvu mu mwaka gwa 1960. Ye [[mubaka mu paalamenti]] akiikirira Igara West okuva mu mwaka gwa 2011era yalondebwa ku lukiiko olukulembera Uganda n'aweebwa obwa minisita wa gavumenti ez'ebitundu mu mwaka gwa 2020 nga obukulu buno bwamuweebwa pulezidenti<ref>https://kampalapost.com/content/my-ministerial-appointment-merit-raphael-magyezi</ref>.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Vision |title=2021 polls: Prof Kabwegyere, MP Gaffa fight Minister Magyezi |url=https://www.newvision.co.ugnull/ |access-date=2026-09-24 |website=New Vision}}</ref> == okusoma kwe == Yafuna dipulooma mu katigondo seminary mu mwaka gwa 1983. N'afuna BSc mu ohilosophy okuva mu Urban University ey'eRome mu 1984 Era n'afuna diguli endala okuva mu Nakawa for business studies mu 1990. yafuna diguli mu by'okubalirira okuva mu makerere University mu mu 1992. Yafuna ebbaluwa mu Human Resource Management mu 1996. Mu 1998 Magyezi yafuna diguli ey'okubiri mu Economic and management nu 1998. Mu 2004 yafuna yagenda yagenda e Norway gye yawangulira dipulooma mu local management studies okuva mu Kristians and college e Norway.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=251 |access-date=2021-09-04 |archive-date=2021-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429004238/https://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=251 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Yakolako ng'omubalirizi omukulu ku lukiiko lwa disitulikiti y'eMukono okuva mu 1991 okutuuka mu 1998, n'akola ng'omubalirizi omukulu ku lukiiko lwa Local Gorvernment okuva mu 1997 okutuuka mu 1998 era n'akolako nga ssaabawandiisi w'ekibiina kya Local Governments Associaton okuva mu 1998 okutuuka mu 2010. Mu mwaka gwe gumu, yeesogga Paalamenti era n'alondebwa nga Mininsita wa Local Governmentmu mwaka gwa 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=251 |access-date=2021-09-04 |archive-date=2021-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429004238/https://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=251 |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Emirimu gy'akoze mu Paalamenti. === Yasinga kumanyika nyo ng'omutandisi wa Private members Bill akakola ku kutereeza mu ssemateeka akakola eteeka eryagyawo ekkomo ku myaka gya pulezidenti mu mwaka gwa 2917.<ref>https://parliamentwatch.ug/mp-magyezi-tables-age-limit-bill-for-first-reading/</ref><ref>https://www.pmldaily.com/news/politics/2020/08/minister-magyezi-opts-out-of-race-for-igara-west-mp-seat.html</ref> == Akakiiko akaabaga etteeka eryagyawo ekkomo ku myaka aka 2017 == Eteeka eryagyawo ekkomo ku myaka gya pulezidenti lyaleetebwa lAkakiiko Rapheal Magyezi owa Igara West: akawayiro aka 102(b) ak'eteeka lino kaayisibwa kkooti ya ssemateeka .Oluvanyuma lw'okuyisa eteeka lino pulezidenti yamulonda okubeera Minisita wa local government mu mwaka gwa 2019 era nga kino yakikola olw'okumusiima<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Vision |title=Magyezi given hero's welcome as Kamukama sworn in |url=https://www.newvision.co.ugnull/ |access-date=2026-09-24 |website=New Vision}}</ref> Ebyava mu konoonyereza byalaga nti ebitundu 85 ku buli kikumi eby'abntu baawagira akawaayiro kano ak'okugyawo ekkomo ku myaka gy'obukulembeze,wabula ebitundu 15 ku buli kikumi bokka be baawakanya etteeka lino nga bawagirwa akabinja akateekebwawo okuwuliriza endowooza z'abatono. Bwe katyo nno kaakola okwebuuza bannansi abaawerera emitwalo etaano nga okuva constituencies 100. nga ku bano abantu 27,503 baali basajja so ng'ate emitwalo 22,926 be beebuuzibwako. mu bukiika ddyo ebitundu 95 ku buli kikumi be baalabika okuba nga bawakanya akawayiro kano,mu mambuka ebitundu 86 ku buli kikumi be baakawakanya so ng'ate mu kiika kkono ebitundu 76 ku buli kikumi be baakawakanya olwo no mu massekkati ne biwera ebitundu 66 ku buli kikumi eby'abantu abaali batayagalira ddala kuwuliza kawaayiro ako akaggya ekkomo ku myaka gy'omukulembeze nga kayisibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Innocent |first=Nabaasa |date=2017-12-09 |title=New survey: 85% in Igara West oppose age-limit amendment |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/5199/new-survey-85-in-igara-west-magyezi-oppose-age-limit-amendment |access-date=2026-09-24 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref> == Akalulu ka 2021 == Magyezi yakawangammula bwe yategeeza aba Radio Network nga bwe yali tagenda kuddamu kwesimbawo ku bubaka bwa paalamenti.Yateggeza nti oluvannyuma lw'okuweerereza emyaka ekkumi yali asazeewo awummule mu by'obufuzi naye nga yali waakudda gye buggya mu maaso. Kyokka nga Magyezi teyawa nsonga ya ssimba lwaki yali asazeewo okugira ng'awummula eby'obufuzi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Independent |first=The |date=2020-08-02 |title=I am taking a rest from elective politics - Magyezi |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/i-am-taking-a-rest-from-elective-politics-magyezi/ |access-date=2026-09-24 |website=The Independent Uganda: |language=en-US}}</ref> <references /> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda]] nm6q3j43bacm6sfi9o03wqu67ybyb5l Geofrey Kusuro 0 8261 75274 56544 2026-09-25T01:09:30Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75274 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Geofrey Kusuro''' (yazaalibwa nga 12 Ogwokubirir 1989) munnayuganda [[:en:Long-distance_runner|omuddusi w'embiri empanvu]]. Yavuganya ku misinde gya [[:en:2008_Summer_Olympics|2008 Summer Olympics]] mu mbiro z'abasajja eza mmita 5000, wabula teyatuuka ku mbiro z'akamalirizo.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200418082209/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ku/geoffrey-kusuro-1.html</ref> Ku misinde gya [[:en:2012_Summer_Olympics|2012 Summer Olympics]], yavuganya mu mbiro z'[[:en:Athletics_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_5000_metres|abasajja eza mmita 5000]], era n'amalira mu kifo kya 37 mu lawundi eyasooka, nga kino ky'amulemesa okuyitamu ku mpaka z'akamalirizo. Era yakiikirira Uganda mu mpaka z'ensi yonna eza 2009 ne 2011 .<ref>https://www.iaaf.org/athletes/uganda/geofrey-kusuro-205669</ref> Yazaalibwa mu itundu ky'e [[:en:Mutishet|Mutishet]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ku/geoffrey-kusuro-1.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-17 |archive-date=2020-04-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418082209/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ku/geoffrey-kusuro-1.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> Yawangula embiro za [[:en:2009_World_Mountain_Running_Championships|2009 World Mountain Running Championships]], era nga kino ky'amufuula munnayuganda eyasooka okuwangula engule eyo.<ref>https://www.iaaf.org/athletes/uganda/geofrey-kusuro-205669</ref> == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}}{{authority control}} 9kaestf6ltxjqare4gn2tvvr1t4a0s0 John Akii-Bua 0 8265 75277 72744 2026-09-25T01:57:37Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75277 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Akii-Bua 1972.jpg|thumb|John Akii Bua]]   '''John Akii-Bua''' (3 Ogwekkuminebiri 1949 &#x2013; 20 Ogwomukaaga 1997) yali muddusi wa [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] [[:en:Hurdles|omubuusi w'obusenge]] era omuwanguzi w'[[:en:Olympic_Games|emisinde]] gino eyasooka mu ggwanga lye Uganda ne Afrika okutwaliza awamu.<ref>https://worldathletics.org/news/news/uganda-to-remember-olympic-hurdler-john-akii</ref> Mu 1986, yeyawangula omudaala gwa ffeeza ogw'emisinde gya [[:en:Olympic_Order|Olympic Order]].<ref>https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/77062</ref> == Ebimukwatako == Akii-Bua yakuzibwa mu famire y'abaana 43 okuva mu taata omu n'ebakyala munaana,<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times</ref><ref name="sr">{{Cite web |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ak/john-akii-bua-1.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-17 |archive-date=2015-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150722173151/http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ak/john-akii-bua-1.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> Akii-Bua yatandika emisinde nga muddusi w'embiro enyimpi ez'okubuuka obusenge naye yalemererwa okuyitamu okugenda mu misinde gya 1968.<ref name="sr" /> Nga atendekebwa omutendesi enzalwa ya bungereza [[:en:Malcolm_Arnold_(athletics_coach)|Malcolm Arnold]], yaddizibwa ku misinde gy'okubuuka obusenge mu mmita 400.<ref name="Inzikuru">http://www.iaaf.org/news/kind=100/newsid=45202.html</ref> Oluvanyuma lw'okumalira mu ky'okuna mu mizannyo gya 1970 [[:en:Commonwealth_Games|Commonwealth Games]] n'okuddukira mu budde obw'edakiika 1971, ssi yeyayagalwa ennyo mu misinde gya [[:en:1972_Summer_Olympics|1972 Summer Olympics]] mu [[:en:Munich|Munich]], olw'obutaba n'abumanyirivu mu kuvuaganya. ng'ebyo bizze ku bbali, empaka ezo yeziwangula era nateekawo likodi y'ensi yonna ey'eddakiika 47.82 newankubadde yaddukira mu lukuubo lw'omunda. Yasubwa empaka za [[:en:1976_Summer_Olympics|1976 Olympics]] era n'okubisana n'omuddusi wa Amerika [[:en:Edwin_Moses|Edwin Moses]] olw'okwegolima okwaliwo mu Uganda n'ensi endala ez'omu Afrika.<ref name="sr" /> Ng'omukwasi w'amateeka, Akii-Bua y'alinyisibwa eddaala omukulembeze w'eggwanga [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]] era n'aweebwa ennyumba ng'ekirabo olw'obukugu bwe mu misinde. Gavumenti ya Amin bweyagibwawo, yagenda ne famire mu [[:en:Kenya|Kenya]] olw'okutya okulabibwa nga eyali akolagana n'omulabe era nga kino ky'ava ku ye okuba mmemba w'ekika ky'aba [[:en:Langi_people|Lango]], nga abangi kubbo baali baatulugunyizibwa Amin,<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times</ref> wabula Amin ye yalaba Akii-Bua ng'ekyokulabirako ekirungi eky'aba Lango. Mu Kenya, yateekebwa mu nkambi y'ababundabunda era okuva eyo, yagyibwayo kkampuni y'engato zeyali ayambala eya [[:en:Puma_SE|Puma]] era n'abeera mu [[:en:Germany|Germany]]. Yakolera Puma emyaka 3–4. Yakiikirira Uganda n'ate mu misinde gya [[:en:1980_Summer_Olympics|1980 Summer Olympics]].<ref name="sr"/> Oluvanyuma yakomawo mu Uganda n'afuuka omutendesi.<ref name="BBC">http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00d1fjt</ref> Akii-Bua y'afa ssemwandu, ku myaka 47, n'abaana bakawonawo kkuminomu. Yaziikibwa mu kitiibwa.<ref name="Inzikuru"/> Kizibwe we musambi wa mupiira mu mawanga g'ebulaaya [[:en:David_Obua|David Obua]], ne mugandawe [[:en:Lawrence_Ogwang|Lawrence Ogwang]] yavuganya mu kubuuka okukolebwa ku musenyu okuyitibwa long jump ne triple jump mu misinde gya 1956.<ref name="sr"/> Ekigambo kya "''akii-buas''" ky'atuuka okutegeeza "okudduka" mu Uganda.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Crothers</ref> == Ebijuliziddwamu == <references responsive="1"></references> == Ebijuliziddwamu eby'ebweru wa Wikipediya == * [http://www.sporting-heroes.net/athletics-heroes/displayhero.asp?HeroID=1405 Profile] [[Category:Omupiira mu Uganda]] l1wkwzkgztu39j51rbgf08mjegtuijo Maurice Kirya 0 8445 75283 58013 2026-09-25T03:22:10Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75283 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Maurice Kirya.jpg|thumb|Maurice Kirya]]<ref name=":0"/>'''Maurice Kirya''' yazaalibwa (nga 4 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1984) e Jinja n’akulira e Najjanakumbi [https://www.independent.co.ug/maurice-kirya-i-share-traits-with-bob-marley/] mu maka ga Tonny Munobbi ne Sophie Baguma (Sophie yafa nga 9 Ogw'omunaana 2015).<ref name=":0"/> Munnayuganda omuyimbi, omuwandiisi w'ennyimba, munnakatemba, era omuyambi wa bantu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/42-entertainment/46068-shades-of-dull-grey-in-entertainment-awards |access-date=2023-11-18 |archive-date=2023-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828140219/https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/42-entertainment/46068-shades-of-dull-grey-in-entertainment-awards |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/11902/entertainment/music/singer-maurice-kirya-talks-rwanda-trip-conservation-new-album-mental-health</ref> Ye mutandisi era omulungamya mu kkampuni ekola kaawa eya ‘The Sound Cup Coffee’ nga eno baagitandika nga ekiriiro ky'emmere mu 2013. Era ye Mutandisi w'ekibiina kya 'Piz & Pots', mu Uganda. Piz & Pots era ye kampuni eddukanya ebivvulu by’okuyimba ebya Kiryalive ebitegekebwa buli mwaka mu Kampala.<ref name=":2"/> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe. == Maurice yasomera mu masomero mukaaga aga ppulayimale nga kyava ku kutambula ennyo okwa bazaddenga gano mulimu; Kabojja Preparatory School Mugwanya, Shimoni Educational School, DK primary school Masajja, Najjanankumbi Seventh Day Adventist Church Primary School, Mirembe Primary School, era ekibiina eky'omusanvu yakimalira mu Nakivubo Blue Primary School mu 1997.<ref name=":2">https://www.independent.co.ug/maurice-kirya-i-share-traits-with-bob-marley/</ref><ref name=":1"/> Mu 1999 yayingira essomero lya St Josephs Secondary School mu Ndeeba, gyeyali okutuusa lwe yamaliriza siniya ey'okuna era oluvannyuma nadda ku Kampala Citizens College gyeyamaliririza siniya ey'omukaaga.<ref name=":1"/> oluvannyuma nyeegatta ku ssomero erisomesa ebya firimu erya Maisha Film School.<ref name=":3"/><ref name=":3">https://www.independent.co.ug/queen-katwe-shows-power-dreams/</ref> == Ennyimba ze == Famire bwe yali eyita mu kusoomoozebwa, Maurice yasaba bazadde be okutandika okuyimba era naabasuubiza okusigala mu ssomero era nookubayambako nga asasulako ekitundu ky'ebisale bye, era abazadde baakikkiriza.<ref name=":2"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.observer.ug/entertainment-news/26716-maurice-kirya-the-mwoyo-visionary |access-date=2023-11-20 |archive-date=2023-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828133942/https://www.observer.ug/entertainment-news/26716-maurice-kirya-the-mwoyo-visionary |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2000 Maurice yakola olutambi lw'ennyimba ngali ne mukwano gwe ayitibwa Gil Martin (Martin Galiwango), ebyembi leediyo tezaakuba nnyimba ze olwensonga yookukolera ennyimba mu kidongo ekitaali kikye era nga eno ensobi yali ekolebwa nnyo abayimbi abatandika. Oluvannyuma yatandika okuyimba nookuzinira ku nguudo. Mu kiseera ekyo mweyasangira endongo ayali eyiddeko ekitundu era eno yasalawo okugitereezanga ali ne mukwano gwe eyali ayitibwa Cosmas, era yakozesa waya za kkulaaki ya mmotoka nga waya z<nowiki>'endongo. Mukulu we Elvis Kirya ''Vampino'' yateranga okumutwala okuyimba mu bbaala nga baayimbanga babiri wala Maurice mu kiraabu era nga bayimbanga babiri, nga bayimba ennyimba z'</nowiki>ekidongo ezaali zaayimbibwa abayimbi omwali [[Buju Banton]] ne [[Red Rat]].<ref name=":1"/> Mukulu we ddala <nowiki>''Alex Kirya''</nowiki> (amanyiddwa nga Saba saba)<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> omu ku baatandikawo Hip Hop mu Uganda mu kibiina kya Bataka Underground( [[Ekibinja kya Bataka|Bataka squad]] )<ref name=":0"/> yamuyitanga okuzina era nookulaba ebintu bwebitambuzibwa. Mu mwaka gwa 2002 yali era ayimbira ne mu kibiina ky<nowiki>'abalokole ekya ''</nowiki> [[Evolutionary psychology|EVOLUTION]] <nowiki>''</nowiki><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=10948:star-trail-navio-on-r-kelly-song&catid=65:star-trail&Itemid=94 |access-date=2023-11-20 |archive-date=2023-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829154137/https://observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=10948:star-trail-navio-on-r-kelly-song&catid=65:star-trail&Itemid=94 |url-status=dead }}</ref> era wamuin nookuyimba ennyimba ezensi era nga yali atalaaga amasomero nga kino yakigendereramu okusanyusa abaana abavubuka. Yali wabweru wa bbaala ya DV8 lwe yasisinkana Steve Jean era nga ono mukozi wa nnyimba mu Kampala, era ono yeeyakola oluyimba lwe olwasooka okukyaka olwa <nowiki>''STOP''</nowiki> [https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1132164/maurice-kirya-steps]<ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1132164/maurice-kirya-steps</ref><ref name=":4">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/entertainment/maurice-kirya-a-star-returns-to-stage-4362546</ref> Mu 2003 yafulumya oluyimba lwa <nowiki>''Beera Naabo''</nowiki> olwafulumizibwa Andrew Kiwanuka mu situudiyo za VR. Mu 2003 yeegatta ku muyimbi Munnayuganda Richard Kawesa<ref name=":0"/> ng’ono yali mukubi wa ndongo era nga muyimbi. Bombi baasobola okugenda e Rwanda gyebaayimbiranga ku mikolo egy'ekikungu era kino kyayamba Maurice Kirya okufuna obumanyirivu bwe yali yeetaaga okulinnyisa omutindo gwe. [[File:Maurice Kirya 2.jpg|left|thumb|Maurice Kirya 2.jpg]] Mu 2005 ennyimba ze zaasiimibwa omuyimbi w<nowiki>'ennyimba z'ekika kya Hip Hop ow'amanyi mu Tanzania ''AY'' (Ambwene Yesaya), era baakola oluyimba bombi olwa ''BINADAMU''</nowiki><ref name=":0"/> nga lwafulumizibwa Hemdee Kiwanuka nga yalukolera mu situudyo ya <nowiki>''</nowiki> [https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1075531/halima-radio No End Studio] <nowiki>''</nowiki>. Maurice yalinnya ennyonyi omulundi gwe ogwasooka era nga yali agenda kuyimba noomuyimbi ono AY, era kino kyamuyamba okufuna abawagizi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa. 'Binadamu'(Abantu) lwakyaka nnyo mu Buvanjuba bwaAfrica era lwateekebwayo okuvuganya mu mpaka za awaadi eza Kora.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2008/06_june/19/swahili.shtml</ref> Mu 2005 Kirya yategeka ekivvulu kye ekyasooka nga ayimba yekka mu kifo kya Steak Out mu Kampala, era naakitwala okuba ekiraga entandikwa y’abawagizi abeesigwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.kampalasun.co.ug/i-got-sh300000-at-my-first-concert/ |access-date=2023-11-20 |archive-date=2023-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828143722/https://www.kampalasun.co.ug/i-got-sh300000-at-my-first-concert/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu 2005 era yeetaba mu mpaka zookuwangula awaadi ya [[KISIMA Award|KISIMA]] mu Kenya.<ref name=":0"/> Yeegatta mu masomo ga firimu agaali nga ku ssomero lya firimu erya Maisha Film School mu Uganda okukulaakulanya obukugu bwe mu kuzannya firimu. Mu 2008 yasobola okuzannyira mu kifo ekikulu omulundi gwe ogwasooka era yazannya nga <nowiki>''Joseph'' mu firimu ya ''Live Joseph''</nowiki> nga yali firimu nnyimpi eyawandiikibwa aba Ghetto Film School Of New York. Era mu 2008 yatandika okutegeka ebivvulu ebitono bweyayita ''The Maurice Kirya Experience''<ref name=":0">https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined</ref> bino byalingawo mu kiro ky'olwokubiri olusembayo mu mwezi, era muno yayitanga abayimbi, abatontomi, ku bbaala ya Club Rouge ebbaala eyali emanyiddwa ennyo mu kukola ekiro mu Uganda.<ref name=":0" /> Mu Gw<nowiki>'ekkumineebiri gwa 2009, yafulumya olutambi lwe olwasooka lwe yayita ''Misubbaawa'' ne lusiimibwa nnyo. Mu lutambi luno mwalimu ennyimba nga ''</nowiki>BodaBoda, Wooye, Malika ne Misubbaawa. Kirya yalondeddwa ng’omubaka wa ''Wild Aid'' olw’okwagala ennyo okukuuma ebisolo by’omu nsiko.<ref name="newvision">{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/music/artists/20e59c0b-27b7-4ffc-9285-35bf17805cb3 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-12-09 |archive-date=2015-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925082741/http://www.bbc.co.uk/music/artists/20e59c0b-27b7-4ffc-9285-35bf17805cb3 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="newvision"/> Ng’omuyimbi era omuzannyi,<ref name="frimusic">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.rfimusic.com/news-music/20101028-maurice-kirya-bridging-cultures |access-date=2022-12-09 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924090930/http://www.rfimusic.com/news-music/20101028-maurice-kirya-bridging-cultures |url-status=dead }}</ref> yawangula engule ya RFI(Radio France International) eya Discoveries Music Award mu 2010.<ref name="ambafrance">http://www.ambafrance-ug.org/Maurice-Kirya-winner-of-the-2010</ref><ref name="englishrfi">http://www.english.rfi.fr/africa/20100917-ugandas-maurice-kirya-scoops-rfi-music-prize</ref> Yakola ebivvulu mu kibuga kya Paris n’agattako okulambula Afrika okumala omwaka mulamba mwe yalambula amawanga agasukka mu 35.<ref name="rfi-music">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://channelo.dstv.com/2012/10/spotlight-on-maurice-kirya/ |access-date=2022-12-09 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303232530/http://channelo.dstv.com/2012/10/spotlight-on-maurice-kirya/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yasunsulwamu okuvuganya ku vidiyo ya afro pop esinga ebitone mu mwaka mu mpaka za channel O video music awards eza 2012.<ref name="urbanhype">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://urbanhype.net/maurice-kirya-unveiled-third-ugandan-artiste-tribe-one-festival-joins-keko-naava-grey/ |access-date=2022-12-09 |archive-date=2022-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209142906/http://urbanhype.net/maurice-kirya-unveiled-third-ugandan-artiste-tribe-one-festival-joins-keko-naava-grey/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ono y’omu ku bayimbi ba Uganda abasatu abaayimbira mu kivvulu kya Tribe One Festival ekitegekebwa buli mwaka, mu South Africa.<ref name="urbanhype"/> Abadde mu firimu za Hollywood nga Queen of katwe nga "Theo"-nga ali wamu ne [[Lupita Nyong'o|lupita Nyongo]] ne David Oyelowo. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230829163920/https://observer.ug/lifestyle/46445-queen-of-katwe-receives-standing-ovation-in-toronto] [[Lupita Nyong'o|Nnabagereka w'eKatwe]] Yazannya mu firimu ya "The Last king of scotland" [https://web.archive.org/web/20230829161209/https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/star-strail/36712-star-trail-maurice-kirya-for-hollywood] nga ye kennyini ng'azannya nga Forest whittaker,Kerry washington ne David Oyelowo. Eyo oluvannyuma lw'okuzannya mu "The Girl in the Yellow Jumper" [https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/entertainment/loukman-alis-the-girl-in-the-yellow-jumper-wh-120411] firimu eyalagirwa [[Loukman Ali|Louqman Ali.]] Yakolagana n’abayimbi ab’ensi yonna nga [https://web.archive.org/web/20230829153924/https://observer.ug/lifestyle/42-entertainment/39323-ne-yo-to-record-with-maurice-kirya Neyo],omuyimbi Omugirimaani Mark forster n’omuwanguzi w’ebifaananyi by’Amerika Jordin sparks. [https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1012394/kirya-duet-jordin-sparks] Asinga kumanyibwa olw'obuwangwa bwe obw'okuyimba omwoyo gwe bayita "Mwooyo" [https://web.archive.org/web/20230829154027/https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/36590-maurice-kirya-releases-mwooyo] abavubuka ba uganda era ebivvulu bye biweebwa ekitiibwa mu mawanga agasukka mu 35. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160305120545/http://www.rfimusic.com/news-music/20110207-maurice-kirya-under-malabo-s-charm] Ng’omulwanirizi w’ebyobulamu n’abavubuka mu kiseera kino akolagana n’ebibiina nga [[HIJRA|Hijra]] [[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|,UNHCR i]] n uganda mu kaweefube w’okukuuma eddembe n’obulamu bw’ababundabunda. [https://www.unhcr.org/ie/news/stories/2021-nansen-refugee-award-celebrates-bravery-and-dedication-yemeni-aid-group] == Discography == === Album z'abayimbi === * Misubbaawa, 2009. Omuwandiisi w’ebitabo * Ekitabo kya Kirya, 2012 * Mwooyo, 2015. Omuwandiisi w’ebitabo * Ebirooto eby'obwereere, 2017 * Okusukka Nze,2019 * Oluguudo E Kirya,2022 === Abatali bafumbo === * Okukwagala * Munonde * Gimme Ekitangaala * Kale Omunnyogovu * Busaabala * Teyagalibwangako * Njagala gwe * Njagala gwe Rmx * Beera Naabo * Beera Naabo Rmx * Binadamu ng'ali ne AY * Tugende! * Okulekera * Yimirirawo RMX * Boda Boda * Mbulira * Omuwala w'ekyalo ng'ali ne Valerie Kimani * Abantu b’omu kitundu n’enzaalwa feat Indigenous * Okwewaggula * Revolution Rmx feat olugero lwa Navio & Da * Ekiro Ekisirise * Kikolere * Bemoola * Ensimbi * Kwata ku n'omwoyo omutukuvu ft [[Ruyonga]] == Okukwata firimu == * <nowiki><i id="mwqQ">Kabaka Asembayo mu Scotland</i></nowiki> * ''Nnabagereka wa Katwe'' nga "Theo". * ''Omuwala mu Jumper ya Yellow'' * ''[[Live Joseph|Mulamu Yusufu]]'' * ''[[Sins Of The Parents|Ebibi Bya Bazadde]]'' * Omuzannyo gwa ''Hostel'' TV nga ''Luke Okwalinga".'' == Ebijuliziddwa == <references responsive="1"></references> [[Category:Articles with short description]] [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Pages using infobox musical artist with associated acts]] [[Category:Abayimbi]] d45oeqft9ubol1z9ul940rfbvcvwsme Ibrahim Sekagya 0 8508 75275 72655 2026-09-25T01:29:51Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75275 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Final of the 2011–12 Austrian Cup (73).jpg|thumb|ibrahim Sekagya 2.jpg ]]   '''Ibrahim Sekagya''' yazalibwa nga 19 mu Gwekumineebiri mu 1980, nga munayuganda eyaliko [[:en:Association_football|omusambi w'omupiira]] ng'era yali azannya n[[:en:Centre_back|g'omuzibizi ayimirira mu maaso g'entabwe ya ggoolo]]. Esaawa eno ye mutendesi omukulu owa [[:en:New_York_Red_Bulls_II|New York Red Bulls II]] ey'ekibinja kya Amerika ekya [[:en:MLS_Next_Pro|MLS Next Pro.]] == Kiraabu z'azze azannyiramu == Yazaalibwa mu Kawempe e [[:en:Kampala|Kampala,]] ng'omulenzi, Sekagya yatandika okuzannya omupiira ku kisaawe ekitaaliko yadde obusubu e Kawempe gyebatera okuyita ku kataka nga tanaba kwegata ku kiraabu ya State House ne kiraabu y'ewaka enene emannyikidwa nga Kampala City Council FC (KCC FC). Sekagya yatandika okuzannya omupiira gw'ekikulu oguliko ekigendererwa ne [[:en:Kampala_City_Council_FC|Kampala City Council]] mu 1992, nga tanaba kugenda mu [[:en:Argentina|Argentina]] mu 1998, okusobola okutandika obulamu bw'okusamba omupiira ng'agutwala ng'omulimu. Kiraabu ye eyasooka mu Argentine yali [[:en:Atlético_de_Rafaela|Atlético de Rafaela]] mu kibinja kya [[:en:Primera_B_Nacional|Primera B Nacional.]] Mu 2002, yagenda okwegata ku [[:en:Ferro_Carril_Oeste|Ferro Carril Oeste]] mu kibinja kya [[:en:Primera_B_Metropolitana|Primera B Metropolitana,]] oluvannyuma n'abayamba ttiimu eyo okuwangula liigi n'okusumusibwa okugenda mu kibinja ekiddako ekya Primera B Nacional. Mu 2005, yaweebwa endagaano abakiraabu ya [[:en:Arsenal_de_Sarandí|Arsenal de Sarandí]] ey'ekibinja kya Argentine ekya [[:en:Argentine_Primera_División|Primera División,]] gyeyamala sizoni bbiri. Mu 2007 Ogwomukaaga, Sekagya yateeka omukono kundagaano ey'emyaka esatu ne kiraabu ya [[:en:FC_Red_Bull_Salzburg|Red Bull Salzburg]], abaali ba kyampiyoni bw'ekibinja kya [[:en:Austrian_Football_Bundesliga|Austria ekyababinywera]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.uefa.com/footballeurope/news/kind=2/newsid=551618.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-07-12 |archive-date=2007-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071010011141/http://www.uefa.com/footballeurope/news/kind=2/newsid=551618.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> Yazannya omupiira gwe ogwali gusooka mu kibnja kino ekya Bundesliga nga 11 Ogwomusanvu mu 2007 mu kuwangula kwa Salzburg okwa 4–1 ng'ekuba [[:en:SC_Rheindorf_Altach|SC Rheindorf Altach,]] n'ateeba ggoolo ya liigi eyasooka nga 22 Ogwomusanvu mu 2007 okuyamba Salzburg okukola amaliri ga 2–2 ng'egenze ku bugenyi ewa [[:en:FK_Austria_Wien|FK Austria Wien.]] Mubwangu yeekwata ekifo ky'okubeera ng'atandika ng'omuzannyi mu kiraabu eno nga yamalako sizoni eyasooka ng'azannya emipiira 34 mu kibinja kya Bundesliga, ng'ateebye ggoolo satu mu liigi.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120928101330/http://www.weltfussball.de/spieler_profil/ibrahim-sekagya/aut-bundesliga-2007-2008/rb-salzburg/3/</ref> Mu sizoni omukaaga zeyamala mu kiraabu eno, Sekagya yazannya emipiira 165 egya liigi, n'ateeba ggoolo mukaaga.Mukaseera ako, yabayamba okuwangula ebikopo bya [[:en:Austrian_Football_Bundesliga|liigi y'eggwanga lya Austria eyababinywera]] bisatu n'ekikopo ky'empaka za [[:en:Austrian_Cup|Austrian Cup.]] [[File:Final_of_the_2011–12_Austrian_Cup_(129).jpg|left|thumb|240x240px|Fayinolo ya 2011–12 ey'empaka za Austrian Cup ]] Nga 11 Ogwomusanvu mu 2013, Sekagya yeegata ku [[:en:Major_League_Soccer|liigi ya Amerika eyababinywera]] mu kiraabu ya [[:en:New_York_Red_Bulls|New York Red Bulls]] ku bweereere, oluvannyuma lw'okuva mu [[:en:FC_Red_Bull_Salzburg|Red Bull Salzburg]] ng'eni mwanyina wa kiraabu gyeyali agenzeemu.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20141111171112/http://www.newyorkredbulls.com/news/2013/07/red-bulls-sign-defender-ibrahim-sekagya</ref> Nga 4 Ogwomunaana mu 2013 Sekagya yazannya omupiira gwe ogwali gusooka mu New York nga yatandika ng'omuwuwuttanyi eyali azibira mu mupiira gwebaawangula 3–2 nga bakuba [[:en:Sporting_Kansas_City|Sporting Kansas City.]] Nga 27 Ogwekumi mu 2013, Sekagya yateeba ggoolo eyali ebatwala mu maaso mu mupiira ogwali gusembayo mu sizoni nga bazannya [[:en:Chicago_Fire_SC|Chicago Fire]] ku kisaawe kya [[:en:Red_Bull_Arena_(New_Jersey)|Red Bull Arena]] , ekyayamba ttiimu ye okuwangula 5–2 nekibafuula ba [[:en:Supporters'_Shield|kyampiyoni]] mu sizoni eyali entegeke. Kyekyali ekikopo kya kiraabu eky'amannyi ekyali kisooka mu byafaayo byabwe eby'emyaka 17.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151001065221/http://www.mlssoccer.com/news/article/2013/10/27/new-york-red-bulls-5-chicago-fire-2-mls-match-recap</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151001065234/http://www.mlssoccer.com/news/article/2013/10/27/curse-broken-new-york-red-bulls-win-2013-supporters-shield</ref> Wabula, Sekagya yasuula omupiira ogwavaamu Houston okufuna ggoolo ey'ekyenkanyi era nebabakuba ggoolo 2–1, nekiwandula New York okuva mu kikopo kya [[:en:2013_MLS_Cup_Playoffs|2013 ekisalawo agenda ku luzannya oluddako]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20131110201624/http://www.mlssoccer.com/matchcenter/2013-11-06-ny-v-hou/recap</ref> Mu sizoni ya 2014, Sekagya yafuuka omuzannyi eyali atandika emipiira gya New York, n'abayamba okutuusa kiraabu eno mu mpaka ezisalawo agenda kuluzannya oluddako (MLS Cup playoffs). Sekagya yawumula okuva mu mupiira gw'ensiimbu muntandikwa ya 2015. == Ku mutendera gw'ensi == Sekagya yasambirako ne [[:en:Uganda_national_football_team|ttiimu ya Uganda ey'eggwanga]], gyeyali nga kapiteeni wa ttiimu. Yabazannyira emipiira munaana, mweyateebera ggoolo emu mu z'okusunsula abaali bagenda okwetaba mu [[:en:2006_FIFA_World_Cup|z'ekikopo ky'ensi yonna ekya 2006]], wamu n'emirundi esatu ne ggoolo emu, mu z'okusunsula abaali bagenda okwetaba mu [[:en:2010_FIFA_World_Cup|kikopo ky'ensi yonna ekya 2010]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120928101345/http://www.weltfussball.de/spieler_profil/ibrahim-sekagya/4/</ref> === Ggoolo z'ateebye kumuntera gw'ensi === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align: left;" !# !Enaku z'omwezi !Ekifo !Gwebaali bazannya !Ggoolo ezaalimu !Engeri gyegwagwamu !Empaka |- |1 |Nga 6 Ogwomukaaga mu 2004 |[[Ekisaawe ky'eggwanga ekya Mandela|Nelson Mandela National Stadium]], [[Kampala]], Uganda | DR Congo | align="center" |'''1''' – 0 | align="center" |1–0 |Ez'okusunsula abaali bagenda okwetaba mu kikopo ky'ensi yonna ekya 2006. |- |2 |31 Ogwokutaano mu 2008 |[[Ekisaawe ky'eggwanga ekya Mandela|Nelson Mandela National Stadium]], [[Kampala]], Uganda | Niger | align="center" |'''1''' – 0 | align="center" |1–0 |Ez'okusunsula abaali bagenda okwetaba mu kikopo ky'ensi yonna ekya 2010. |} == Ogw'obutendesi == Oluavnnyuma lw'okuwumula, Sekagya yeetaga ku batandeka kiraabu ya [[:en:New_York_Red_Bulls|New York Red Bulls.]]<ref>https://www.mlssoccer.com/news/new-york-red-bulls-hire-recently-retired-defender-ibrahim-sekagya-assistant-coac</ref> Nga 2 Ogwomusanvu mu 2022, Sekagya yaweebwa eky'omutendesi omukulu ow'ekiseera ku Red Bulls'ey'ekibinja kya [[:en:USL_Championship|USL Championship]] ne [[:en:New_York_Red_Bulls_II|New York Red Bulls II]].<ref>https://www.newyorkredbulls.com/news/ibrahim-sekagya-named-interim-head-coach-of-new-york-red-bulls-ii</ref> == Awaadi == * '''[[:en:Primera_B_Metropolitana|Ekikopo ky'ekibinja kya Primera B Metropolitana]]''' Alina kimu ekya sizoni ya 2002–03 * '''[[:en:Austrian_Football_Bundesliga|Ekikopo ky'ekibinja kya Austria ekyababinywera]]''' alina bisatu ** [[:en:Austrian_Football_Bundesliga_2008–09|2008–09,]] [[:en:Austrian_Football_Bundesliga_2009–10|2009–10,]] [[:en:2011–12_Austrian_Football_Bundesliga|2011–12]] * '''[[:en:Austrian_Cup|Empaka za Austrian Cup]]''' alina kimu ** 2012 * '''[[:en:MLS_Supporters'_Shield|Empaka za MLS Supporters' Shield]]''' alina kimu ** 2013 === By'akozi ku kiraabu === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! colspan="3" |Bwakozi ku kiraabu ! colspan="2" |Liigi ! colspan="2" |Cup ! colspan="2" |League Cup ! colspan="2" |Ku semazinga ! colspan="2" |Omugatte |- !Sizoni !Kiraabu !Liigi !Emipiira gy'abasambidde !Goals !Emirundi gy'abazannyidde !Ggoolo !Emirundi gy'abazannyidde !Ggoolo !Emirundi gy'abazannyidde !Ggoolo !Emirundi gy'abazannyidde !Ggoolo |- ! colspan="3" |Argentina ! colspan="2" |Liigi ! colspan="2" |Copa Argentina ! colspan="2" |Copa de Liga ! colspan="2" |Empaka ezetabibwamu kiraabu z'omubukiika kkono bwa Amerika ! colspan="2" |Omugatte |- |2001–02 | rowspan="1" |Atlético Rafaela | rowspan="1" |Primera B Nacional |38 |2 | - | - | - | - | - | - |38 |2 |- |2002–03 | rowspan="3" |Ferro Carril Oeste | rowspan="3" |Primera B Metropolitana |30 |2 | - | - | - | - | - | - |30 |2 |- |2003–04 |34 |2 | - | - | - | - | - | - |34 |2 |- |2004–05 |32 |0 | - | - | - | - | - | - |32 |0 |- |2005–06 | rowspan="2" |Arsenal | rowspan="2" |Primera División |29 |1 | - | - | - | - | - | - |29 |1 |- |2006–07 |33 |1 | - | - | - | - | - | - |33 |1 |- ! colspan="3" |Austria ! colspan="2" |Austrian Bundesliga ! colspan="2" |ÖFB-Cup ! colspan="2" |Ebiralala ! colspan="2" |Mu bulaaya ! colspan="2" |Omugatte |- |2007–08 | rowspan="6" |Kiraabu ya Red Bull Salzburg | rowspan="6" |Ekibinja kyababinywera |34 |3 | - | - | - | - |5 |0 |39 |3 |- |2008–09 |34 |1 |2 |1 | - | - |6 |1 |42 |3 |- |2009–10 |24 |0 |2 |1 | - | - |11 |0 |37 |1 |- |2010–11 |30 |0 |1 |0 | - | - |12 |0 |43 |0 |- |2011–12 |26 |1 |4 |1 | - | - |11 |1 |41 |3 |- |2012–13 |17 |1 |3 |1 | - | - |1 |0 |21 |2 |- ! colspan="3" |Amerika ! colspan="2" |Liigi ! colspan="2" |US Open Cup ! colspan="2" |MLS Cup Playoffs ! colspan="2" |Mu bukiika ddyo bwa Amerika ! colspan="2" |Omugatte |- |2013 | rowspan="2" |Kiraabu ya New York Red Bulls | rowspan="2" |Ekibinja kyababunywera |8 |2 | - | - |2 |0 | - | - |10 |2 |- |2014 |25 |0 |1 |0 |5 |0 | - | - |31 |0 |- ! rowspan="3" |Eggwanga ! colspan="2" |Argentina !196 !8 !- !- !- !- !- !- !196 !8 |- ! colspan="2" |Austria !165 !6 !12 !4 !- !- !46 !2 !223 !12 |- ! colspan="2" |Amerika !33 !2 !1 !0 !7 !0 !- !- !41 !2 |- ! colspan="3" |Omugatte !394 !16 !13 !4 !7 !0 !46 !2 !460 !22 |} == Ebijuliziddwamu == <references responsive="1"></references> == Ewalala w'oyinza okubigya ==   * Ibrahim Sekagya – likodi y'empaka ezitegekebwa ekibiina ekidukanya emipiira munsi yonna ekya FIF (byaterekebwa) * Ibrahim Sekagya – likodi y'empaka ezitegekebwa ekibiina ekidukanya emipiira munsi yonna ekya FIFA (byaterekebwa) * Ibrahim Sekagya at National-Football-Teams.com * [http://www.football-lineups.com/players/player.php?route=4738 Ibrahim Sekagya at Football Lineups] * Ibrahim Sekagya at WorldFootball.net * [https://web.archive.org/web/20121002014511/http://guardian.touch-line.com/StatsCentre.asp?Lang=0&CTID=4&CPID=8&pStr=Player&PLID=111767&TEID=264 Guardian Football Stats] byaterekebwa nga 2 Ogwekumi mu 2012 ku byuma bya Wayback. [[Category:Omupiira mu Uganda]] 7yi92nj3aoc6qb2gdm0ydwj9vayywi5 Caroline Kamusiime 0 9615 75269 68424 2026-09-25T00:11:31Z Halimah Nampiima 11015 ngaseeko references ne edits 75269 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Caroline Kamusiime''' (yazaalibwa 23 November 1982) [[:en:Legislator|mubaka]] wa Uganda omukyala akiikirira abantu b'omu [[:en:Rukiga_District|disitulikiti y'e Rukiga]] nga Omubaka omukyala mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|palamenti ya Uganda]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Job Namanya |date=2017-08-23 |title=Rukiga elects NRM flag bearers |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1460360/rukiga-elects-nrm-flag-bearers}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 September 2017 |title=Woman member of parliament rukiga district |url=https://www.ec.or.ug/election/woman-member-parliament-rukiga-district |access-date=2020-04-17 |website=ELECTORAL COMMISSION}}</ref> Mmemba w'ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Samuel Amanya |date=2017-08-23 |title=Minister mutuuzo, Caroline Kamusiime win nrm party ticket |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/caroline-kamusiime-muhwezi-wins-rukiga-nrm-parliamentary-seat |access-date=2020-04-17 |website=Uganda radio network}}</ref>ekibiina eky'eby'obufuzi mu Uganda ekikubiriizbwa [[Yoweri Museveni|Yoweri Kaguta Museveni]] pulezidenti [[Yuganda|wa Uganda]] .<ref>{{Cite web |title=National resistance movement |url=https://www.nrm.ug/ |website=NATIONAL RESISTANCE MOVEMENT}}</ref> Kamusiime abadde mu kaweefube w’okunoonya eky’okugonjoola obutakkaanya n’enkolagana ennunggamu wakati wa [[Rwanda]] ne Uganda,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-05-28 |title=Uganda and Rwanda officials disagree at body handover |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/uganda-rwanda-officials-disagree-at-body-handover/ |access-date=2020-04-16 |website=The independent}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=URN |date=2019-05-28 |title=Museveni sends shs 10m to Rwanda murder victim's family |url=https://observer.ug/news/headlines/60841-gov-t-sends-shs-10m-to-rwanda-murder-victim-s-family |access-date=2020-04-17 |work=Observer}}</ref> Rwanda lwe yaggalawo ensalo zaayo eri Uganda ng’elumiriza Uganda okuvugirira ebintu ebyagala okusuula gavumenti ye Rwanda.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Catehrine Byaruhanga |date=2019-03-09 |title=How the Rwanda-Uganda border crossing came to a halt |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-47495476 |access-date=2020-04-17 |work=BBC}}</ref> Mu 2021, yaddamu okulondebwa ku bwammemba bwa palamenti<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kamusiime Caroline - Rukiga Woman MP By Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/sep-2017-rukiga-woman-mp-by-election/candidates/kamusiime-caroline-3067/ |access-date=2023-02-10 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kamusiime Caroline - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/kamusiime-caroline-10677/ |access-date=2023-02-10 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2026 omwwezi omubelyebelye mukulonda kwa boona ,yafilwa ekifo kye eri Dr Sylvia Arinaitwe eyalondebwa era nalayira nga omubaka omukyala owa paliyamenti owa Rukiga Disiturikiti mupaliyamenti ya 12th eya Uganda.<ref>{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AV-IHouBtmE|title=DR. SYLVIA ALINEITWE {{!}}{{!}} RUKIGA WOMAN MP ELECT|date=2026-04-28|last=SHUTAMA NA NYAMWIZA|access-date=2026-08-18|via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-05-13 |title=NBS Television (@Fireliglntfi) on X |url=https://x.com/Fireliglntfi/status/2054435519354790261 |access-date=2026-08-18 |work=X (formerly Twitter) |language=en-US}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe no'kusoma kwe == Kamusiime yazalibbwa mu mwezi gwekummi nogumu yasoma O'level okuva [https://www.gou.go.ug/content/kololo-high-school kololo high school] gye yatuulira [[:en:Uganda_Certificate_of_Education|Uganda certificate of education]] (UCE) mu 1997. Oluvannyuma yaweebwa ekifo mu bishop comboni college kanungu gye yamalira [[:en:Uganda_Advanced_Certificate_of_Education|Uganda advanced certificate of education]] (UACE) mu 1999. Oluvannyuma yafuna diguli esooka mu [[:en:Information_technology|bya tekinologiya]] okuva mu [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|yunivasite y’e Makerere]] mu 2010.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Uganda members of the 10th parliament. |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=549 |access-date=2020-04-16 |website=Parliament of uganda}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Kamusiime abadde mubaka wa [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|palamenti ya Uganda]] okuva mu 2017 n’okutuusa kati.<ref name=":03">{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Uganda members of the 10th parliament. |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=549 |access-date=2020-04-16 |website=Parliament of uganda}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Find an mp |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/find-an-mp |access-date=2020-04-16 |website=Parliament of the republic of Uganda}}</ref> Yaliko omukungu [[:en:Information_technology|wa tekinologiya]] mu [[:en:MTN_Uganda|MTN Uganda]] okuva mu 2011 okutuuka mu 2016.<ref name=":04">{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Uganda members of the 10th parliament. |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=549 |access-date=2020-04-16 |website=Parliament of uganda}}</ref> Era yaliko atuukirwako abagenyi mu [[:en:British_American_Tobacco|British American tobacco]] Uganda okuva mu 2006 okutuuka mu 2010<ref name=":05">{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Uganda members of the 10th parliament. |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=549 |access-date=2020-04-16 |website=Parliament of uganda}}</ref> era yaliko omubalirizi w’ebitabo mu kkampuni ya [[:en:Caltex|caltex Uganda]] okuva mu 2000 okutuuka mu 2006.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Uganda members of the 10th parliament. |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=549 |access-date=2020-04-16 |website=Parliament of uganda}}</ref> Mu palamenti ya Uganda, akola ku [https://parliamentwatch.ug/committee/committee-on-legal-and-parliamentary-affairs-2/ kakiiko akakola ku nsonga z'amateeka ne palamenti]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Olive Nakatude |date=2017-11-29 |title=6 more mps join legal committee |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/6-more-mps-join-legal-committee |access-date=2020-04-17 |website=Uganda radio network}}</ref> == Ebijjuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Abaasomera ku Makerere University]] o4nde39rhqhq3nrc4xvw1cr1mkdlri4 75271 75269 2026-09-25T00:18:55Z Halimah Nampiima 11015 Ngaseeko Amatuluba 75271 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Caroline Kamusiime''' (yazaalibwa 23 November 1982) [[:en:Legislator|mubaka]] wa Uganda omukyala akiikirira abantu b'omu [[:en:Rukiga_District|disitulikiti y'e Rukiga]] nga Omubaka omukyala mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|palamenti ya Uganda]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Job Namanya |date=2017-08-23 |title=Rukiga elects NRM flag bearers |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1460360/rukiga-elects-nrm-flag-bearers}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 September 2017 |title=Woman member of parliament rukiga district |url=https://www.ec.or.ug/election/woman-member-parliament-rukiga-district |access-date=2020-04-17 |website=ELECTORAL COMMISSION}}</ref> Mmemba w'ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Samuel Amanya |date=2017-08-23 |title=Minister mutuuzo, Caroline Kamusiime win nrm party ticket |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/caroline-kamusiime-muhwezi-wins-rukiga-nrm-parliamentary-seat |access-date=2020-04-17 |website=Uganda radio network}}</ref>ekibiina eky'eby'obufuzi mu Uganda ekikubiriizbwa [[Yoweri Museveni|Yoweri Kaguta Museveni]] pulezidenti [[Yuganda|wa Uganda]] .<ref>{{Cite web |title=National resistance movement |url=https://www.nrm.ug/ |website=NATIONAL RESISTANCE MOVEMENT}}</ref> Kamusiime abadde mu kaweefube w’okunoonya eky’okugonjoola obutakkaanya n’enkolagana ennunggamu wakati wa [[Rwanda]] ne Uganda,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-05-28 |title=Uganda and Rwanda officials disagree at body handover |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/uganda-rwanda-officials-disagree-at-body-handover/ |access-date=2020-04-16 |website=The independent}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=URN |date=2019-05-28 |title=Museveni sends shs 10m to Rwanda murder victim's family |url=https://observer.ug/news/headlines/60841-gov-t-sends-shs-10m-to-rwanda-murder-victim-s-family |access-date=2020-04-17 |work=Observer}}</ref> Rwanda lwe yaggalawo ensalo zaayo eri Uganda ng’elumiriza Uganda okuvugirira ebintu ebyagala okusuula gavumenti ye Rwanda.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Catehrine Byaruhanga |date=2019-03-09 |title=How the Rwanda-Uganda border crossing came to a halt |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-47495476 |access-date=2020-04-17 |work=BBC}}</ref> Mu 2021, yaddamu okulondebwa ku bwammemba bwa palamenti<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kamusiime Caroline - Rukiga Woman MP By Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/sep-2017-rukiga-woman-mp-by-election/candidates/kamusiime-caroline-3067/ |access-date=2023-02-10 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kamusiime Caroline - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/kamusiime-caroline-10677/ |access-date=2023-02-10 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2026 omwwezi omubelyebelye mukulonda kwa boona ,yafilwa ekifo kye eri Dr Sylvia Arinaitwe eyalondebwa era nalayira nga omubaka omukyala owa paliyamenti owa Rukiga Disiturikiti mupaliyamenti ya 12th eya Uganda.<ref>{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AV-IHouBtmE|title=DR. SYLVIA ALINEITWE {{!}}{{!}} RUKIGA WOMAN MP ELECT|date=2026-04-28|last=SHUTAMA NA NYAMWIZA|access-date=2026-08-18|via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2026-05-13 |title=NBS Television (@Fireliglntfi) on X |url=https://x.com/Fireliglntfi/status/2054435519354790261 |access-date=2026-08-18 |work=X (formerly Twitter) |language=en-US}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe no'kusoma kwe == Kamusiime yazalibbwa mu mwezi gwekummi nogumu yasoma O'level okuva [https://www.gou.go.ug/content/kololo-high-school kololo high school] gye yatuulira [[:en:Uganda_Certificate_of_Education|Uganda certificate of education]] (UCE) mu 1997. Oluvannyuma yaweebwa ekifo mu bishop comboni college kanungu gye yamalira [[:en:Uganda_Advanced_Certificate_of_Education|Uganda advanced certificate of education]] (UACE) mu 1999. Oluvannyuma yafuna diguli esooka mu [[:en:Information_technology|bya tekinologiya]] okuva mu [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|yunivasite y’e Makerere]] mu 2010.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Uganda members of the 10th parliament. |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=549 |access-date=2020-04-16 |website=Parliament of uganda}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Kamusiime abadde mubaka wa [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|palamenti ya Uganda]] okuva mu 2017 n’okutuusa kati.<ref name=":03">{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Uganda members of the 10th parliament. |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=549 |access-date=2020-04-16 |website=Parliament of uganda}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Find an mp |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/find-an-mp |access-date=2020-04-16 |website=Parliament of the republic of Uganda}}</ref> Yaliko omukungu [[:en:Information_technology|wa tekinologiya]] mu [[:en:MTN_Uganda|MTN Uganda]] okuva mu 2011 okutuuka mu 2016.<ref name=":04">{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Uganda members of the 10th parliament. |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=549 |access-date=2020-04-16 |website=Parliament of uganda}}</ref> Era yaliko atuukirwako abagenyi mu [[:en:British_American_Tobacco|British American tobacco]] Uganda okuva mu 2006 okutuuka mu 2010<ref name=":05">{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Uganda members of the 10th parliament. |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=549 |access-date=2020-04-16 |website=Parliament of uganda}}</ref> era yaliko omubalirizi w’ebitabo mu kkampuni ya [[:en:Caltex|caltex Uganda]] okuva mu 2000 okutuuka mu 2006.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Uganda members of the 10th parliament. |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=549 |access-date=2020-04-16 |website=Parliament of uganda}}</ref> Mu palamenti ya Uganda, akola ku [https://parliamentwatch.ug/committee/committee-on-legal-and-parliamentary-affairs-2/ kakiiko akakola ku nsonga z'amateeka ne palamenti]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Olive Nakatude |date=2017-11-29 |title=6 more mps join legal committee |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/6-more-mps-join-legal-committee |access-date=2020-04-17 |website=Uganda radio network}}</ref> == Ebijjuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Abaasomera ku Makerere University]] [[Category:Abakyaala aba Paliyamenti ya Uganda]] [[Category:Ababaka ba paliyamenti ya Uganda eyo 11th]] 1d1urwgfkzr7xar12tpvvpfhxgql703 Ayeta Anne Wangusa 0 9649 75265 53878 2026-09-24T23:29:15Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75265 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ayeta Anne Wangusa''' yazaalibwa [[Kampala]], Uganda, nga 9 Ogwomwenda 1971) munayuganda omuwandiisi era omulwanirizi w'eddembe. Y'omu ku batandisi (1995) ba [[:en:FEMRITE|FEMRITE]], Uganda Women Writers Association, Wangusa yasooka kufuna ettutumu mu bitabo olw'akatabo ke akiyitibwa Memoirs of a Mother (1998).<ref>[http://www.africanbookscollective.com/books/memoirs-of-a-mother ''Memoirs of a Mother'']. African Books Collective.</ref><ref name="video-nazareth">[https://archive.today/20121212131443/http://digital.lib.uiowa.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/vwu&CISOPTR=2208&REC=7 "Interview with Peter Nazareth"], Iowa University, 1998. Retrieved 22 August 2011.</ref> Era y'omu kuba mmemba (2009) b'ekibiina ekya [[:en:African_Writers_Trust|African Writers Trust]], nga mu kiseera kino (okuva mu 2018) ng'aweereza ku kakiiko k'abawi b'amagezi.<ref name="AWT-board">[http://www.africanwriterstrust.org/advisory-board "Advisory Board"], African Writers Trust. Retrieved 24 August 2011.</ref> Y'omu ku abo abawaayo ekitabo ekiyitibwa [[:en:Daughters_of_Africa#New_Daughters_of_Africa|New Daughters of Africa]] ekyasunsulwa[[:en:Margaret_Busby|Margaret Busby]] mu 2019.<ref>Odhiambo, Tom (18 January 2020), [https://www.nation.co.ke/lifestyle/weekend/New-Daughters-of-Africa-a-must-read-for-women-writers/1220-5422114-s2c04fz/index.html "'New Daughters of Africa' is a must read for aspiring young women writers"], ''Daily Nation'' (Kenya).</ref> Ng'oggyeko omulimu gwe ogw'okuwandiika ebitabo, omuli n'okusunsula ne [[:en:Violet_Barungi|Violet Barungi]] Tears of Hope: A Collection of Short Stories by Ugandan Rural Women (2002), Wangusa abadde n'omulimu gwe gumu mu nkulaakulana z'abantu, obukulembeze, n'eddembe ly'abakyala.<ref>[http://www.africanbookscollective.com/books/tears-of-hope ''Tears of Hope: A Collection of Short Stories by Ugandan Rural Women'']. African Books Collective.</ref> == Emirimu gye ng'omuntu == Okuva mu Gwomusanvu 2009, Wangusa abadde akola ne [[:en:SNV_Netherlands_Development_Organisation|SNV - Netherlands Development Organization]] mu [[:en:Tanzania|Tanzania]] ng'omuwi w'amagezi ku gavumenti (ku by'empuliziganya) ku Public Accountability [[Tanzania]] Initiative. Emabegako, yakolera ne SNV mu Tanzania ng'omuwi w'amagezi mu Ogw'omusanvu 2006 okutuuka mu Ogwomusanvu 2009. Okuva mu Ogw'omwenda 2004 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2006, Wangusa yaweereza nga Project Officer Development and Implementation, Open Knowledge Network, ne [[:en:African_Medical_and_Research_Foundation|African Medical and Research Foundation]] (AMREF) mu Tanzania. Okuva mu Ogwekumminebiri 1996 okutuuka mu Deesonda 2003, Wangusa yakola ne New Vision Printing and Publishing Corporation, Uganda, ng'omusunsuzi w'emboozi empanvu, era mu Ogwomunaana okutuuka mu Ogwekuminebiri 1996 yaweereza ng'omusunsuzi w'obutabo obwa Fountain Publishers Ltd, Uganda. == Ebitiibwa, okulondebwa ne awaadi == Okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2011, Wangusa yaweereza ng'omukwanaganya w'ekitongole eky'ekikula ky'abantu n'abakyala mu Commonwealth Peoples' Forum, [[:en:Perth|Perth]], [[:en:Australia|Australia]], ne Commonwealth Civil Society Advisory Committee Member (CSAC), ng'akiikirira ekitundu kya East Africa. Wangusa yalondebwa [[:en:New_Partnership_for_Africa's_Development|New Partnership for Africa's Development]] (NEPAD) okubeera omu ku bakugu ku Capacity Development and Knowledge Exchange, mu Gwomusanvu 2011. Mu 2005, Wangusa yali mukiise w'abakyala abawandiisi mu kibiina kya [[:en:International_PEN|PEN]] Uganda Chapter. Mu Ogwomwenda - Ogwekkumi 2003, Wangusa yenyigira mu mpaka za [[:en:Cheltenham_Literature_Festival|Cheltenham Literature Festival]] mu Bungereza nga Across Continents Project.<ref name="bbc-cheltenham">[https://web.archive.org/web/20040505112343/http://www0.bbc.co.uk/gloucestershire/festivals/2003/08/chelt_lit/cheltlit_continents.shtml "Literature festival crosses continents"], BBC. Retrieved 22 August 2011.</ref> Era mu 2003, yaweereza ng'omulamuzi w'ekirabo eky'omuwendo ekya [[:en:Commonwealth_Writers'_Prize|Commonwealth Writers' Prize]] (African Region), ekyawagirwa [[:en:Commonwealth_Foundation|Commonwealth Foundation]] wamu ne Pulof. [[Mary Kolawole]] owa Nigeria ne Prof. [[Andries Oliphant]] ow'e South Africa. Mu Ogwomunaana- Ogwekkumi 1998, Wangusa yeetaba mu [[:en:International_Writers_Program|International Writers Program]], [[:en:University_of_Iowa|University of Iowa]], era n'aweebwa ekirabo kya Honorary Fellowship in Writing okuva mu University of Iowa.<ref name="video-nazareth"/> Mu Gwokusatu 2002, Wangusa yaweereza ng'omulamuzi mu mpaka z'okuwandiika ezaategekebwa American Centre (Uganda) okujjukira omwezi gw'ebyafaayo eby'omufirika omumerika . Mu Ogwomukaaga 2002, yaweerezako ng'omuweereza omukulu owebyali bigenda mu maaso mu lukungaana lw'abakyala olw'omulundi ogwa 8 mu Kampala Uganda olwa International Inter-disciplinary Congress on Women. Wangusa era abadde ku kakiiko akafuzi aka Women Writing Africa, Eastern Africa project of the Feminist Press (New York, USA). == Okusoma == * Bachelor of Arts (Hons) - Literature And Sociology, [[:en:Makerere_University|Makerere University]], 1990-93. * Master of Arts in Literature, Makerere University 1994 Nin 97. * Master of Arts in New Media, Governance and Democracy, [[:en:University_of_Leicester|University of Leicester]], UK, 2009[citation needed] == Ebitabo == * [http://www.africanbookscollective.com/books/memoirs-of-a-mother ''Ebyafaayo bya Maama'']. [Obugambo obuli wansi] * Ng'omuwandiisi, wamu ne Violet Barungi, [http://www.africanbookscollective.com/books/tears-of-hope ''Tears of Hope'']: A Collection of Short Stories by Ugandan Rural Women, Kampala, Uganda: Femrite Publications Limited, 2002.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-9970700028|978-9970700028]] == Ebyawandiikibwa == {{Reflist|30em}}{{Authority control}} 7qxa6jxickdz1x4g662wi2ffageyemi Omukyala Flavia Nabugere Munaaba 0 10181 75260 70769 2026-09-24T19:09:27Z Kabugo reagan 11810 removed external links 75260 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Flavia Nabugera Munaaba''' [[:en:Uganda|munayuganda]] eyeyingira [[:en:Politician|muby'obufuzi]]. Esaawa eno ye [[:en:Environmental_policy|minista omubeezi mu kabineeti ya Uganda avunaanyzibwa ku by'etolodde oba abantu webawangalira]] mu [[:en:Cabinet_of_Uganda|kabineeti ya Uganda]]. Yaweebwa ekifo ekyo ng'enaku z'omwezi 27, mu mwezi ogw'okutaano, mu mwaka gwa 2011.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessica_Eriyo[http://newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/755941 Museveni Names New Cabinet] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211084313/http://newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/755941|date=December 11, 2014}}</ref> Yadira [[Jessica Eriyo]], eyasulibwa okuva mu kabineti. Okugata kukubeera minista wa kabineeti, Flavia Munaaba era yaliko mu kifo ky'okubeera [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|omubaka wa palamenti.]] == Ebigatako ebirala == * Olukalala olujuvu olwa kabineeti y'aba minista ba Uganda ey'omwezi ohgw'okutaano, mu mwaka gwa 2011 == Laba ne == * [[:en:Cabinet_of_Uganda|Kabineeti ya Uganda]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda]] 05vw2nvnpykx0oufeu42w0yky0kyeew Omukutu gw'abakyala mu Uganda 0 10210 75284 75134 2026-09-25T04:10:10Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75284 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:WOUGNET logo.png|thumb|Logo]] Ekitongole kya '''Uganda Women's Network ''' ('''UWONET''') [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] [[:en:Non-governmental_organization|kitongole ky'obwannakyewa]] (NGO) ekikola okukyusa ku [[:en:Women's_rights|eddembe ly'abakyala]]. [[:en:Umbrella_organisation|kitongole ekikolewa wansi w'ebitongole ebirala]] eby'abakyala n'abantu ssekinnomu abakolera mu [[:en:East_Africa|East Africa]]. Ng'akikulira ye [[:en:Rita_Aciro|Rita H. Aciro-Lakor]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.ntv.co.ug/news/lifestyle/04/aug/2015/women-and-power-rita-aciro-executive-director-uwonet-7917#sthash.fzBDOq68.dpbs |access-date=2023-05-26 |archive-date=2017-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170801054612/http://www.ntv.co.ug/news/lifestyle/04/aug/2015/women-and-power-rita-aciro-executive-director-uwonet-7917#sthash.fzBDOq68.dpbs |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Category:Pages using infobox organization with motto or pledge]] == Ebyafaayo == UWONET ky'atondebwawo oluvannyuma lw'olukungaana lwa 1993 East African Women's Conference, olw'ategekebwa mu [[:en:Kampala,_Uganda|Kampala, Uganda]], mu nteekateeka y'amawanga amagate mu [[:en:Fourth_World_Conference_on_Women|lukungaana lw'ensi yonna olw'okuna ku bakyala]] mu 1995.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Network (UWONET) |first=Uganda Women's |title=Who We Are |url=https://www.uwonet.or.ug/about/who-we-are |access-date=2026-09-22 |website=Uganda Women's Network (UWONET) |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="UWO5">{{Cite book |date=2026-08-02 |title=Globe Pequot Publishing Group |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Globe_Pequot_Publishing_Group&oldid=1367409817 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.globalgrassroots.org/blog/2011/03/01/uganda-update-meetings%E2%80%A6 |access-date=2023-05-26 |archive-date=2023-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529185649/http://www.globalgrassroots.org/blog/2011/03/01/uganda-update-meetings%E2%80%A6/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Ebbago ly'etteeka ku ttaka erya 1998 === Mu biseera by'ekyasa ky'abiri mu ogumu, abakyala mu Buggwanjuba bwa Africa baali bakola ebitundu 85 ku buli kikumi ku murimu gye [[:en:Agricultural|y'obulimi]], songa baali balina obuyinza bw'abitundu 7 ku buli kikumi ku ttaka.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Jacqueline |first=Asiimwe, |date=2001 |title=Making Women's Land Rights a Reality in Uganda: Advocacy for Co-Ownership by Spouses |url=https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/yhrdlj/vol4/iss1/8/ |journal=Yale Human Rights and Development Law Journal |language=en |volume=4 |issue=1 |issn=1548-2596 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021163352/https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/yhrdlj/vol4/iss1/8/ |archive-date=2020-10-21 |access-date=2026-09-22 |url-status=live}}</ref> Ebitongole by'abakyala ebiwerako saako n'abantu ssekinnomu, abaali bamalibwamu amaanyi ebibiina ebirala ebyali bitatuukiriza kuleeta bakyala mu by'obufuzi, baatandika okwegata ku UWONET – naddala kakuyege waabwe ku nsonga z'ettaka ey'atandika mu 1995.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |date=2026-08-31 |title=Shireen Hassim |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shireen_Hassim&oldid=1372377837 |language=en}}</ref> UWONET, wamu ne Uganda Land Alliance, bamatiza [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti]] mu 1998 ku ddembe ly'abakyala [[:en:Inheritance|okusikira]] ettaka mu Uganda.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Benschop |first=Marjolein |date=2002 |title=Rights and reality: are women's equal rights to land, housing and property implemented in East Africa? |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9211316634 |publisher=United Nations Human Settlements Programme |others=United Nations Human Settlements Programme |isbn=978-92-1-131663-6 |location=Nairobi}}</ref> Mu 1998, etteeka ku ttaka ly'ayisibwa ng'alitekeddwamu eddembe eri abakyala.<ref name=":0" /> Kakuyege ono y'ateerawo eky'okulabirako eri abakyala mu Uganda "okukolera awamu n'okuddukirira ensonga mu budde n'emungeri ey'okulemerako."<ref name=":2" /> === Manifesito z'abantu === Mu 2000, UWONET yafulumya "People's Manifesto", ekyalimu emiramwa ku nkyukakyuka ez'omunda mu UWONET era "n'obwetaavu okuteekawo engeri y'okukwasaganya ebyetaago by'abakyala" ku ddaala ly'obukulembeze mu Uganda.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2005 |title=Readings in gender in Africa |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0852558716 |publisher=Indiana University Press ; James Currey |isbn=978-0-85255-871-3 |editor-last=Cornwall |editor-first=Andrea |location=Bloomington : Oxford |editor-last2=International African Institute}}</ref> Mu lw'okaano lw'akalulu k'obwa Pulezidenti n'ababaka ba Paalamenti mu 2001, UWONET yakulembera enkola eyali esoomoza ebbula lya demokulasiya mu kisinde kya Gavumenti. Wamu n'ebitongole bwe bafaananya ebigendererwa, UWONET yagatta manifesito y'empapula 26 eyatuumibwa "People's Manifesto" okwangya eddembe ly'abantu n'ebbulwa ly'abo ab'egwanyiza entebe y'obwa Pulezidenti.<ref name="UWO5"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Museveni Launches 'Peoples Manifesto'. {{!}} HighBeam Business: Arrive Prepared |url=https://business.highbeam.com/3548/article-1G1-68317675/museveni-launches-peoples-manifesto |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312075343/https://business.highbeam.com/3548/article-1G1-68317675/museveni-launches-peoples-manifesto |archive-date=2016-03-12 |access-date=2026-09-22 |website=business.highbeam.com}}</ref> Era bafulumya manifesito eri "leka ababaka ba Paalamenti mu kulonda kwa 2002 mu Ogwokusatu bategeere ebyetaago abakyala bye bagaala bikolebweko."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://asq.africa.ufl.edu/tripp_spring04 |access-date=2023-05-26 |archive-date=2023-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527033932/https://asq.africa.ufl.edu/tripp_spring04/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Manifesto y'abakyala === Mu 2015, UWONET, wamu n'ebitongole ebirala wansi w'ekibiina ky'abakyala ekya The Women's Democracy Group, balonkinga ekiwandiiko ku by'obufuzi, "The Women's Manifesto 2016–2021", ekyateekawo obwetaavu okuva mu [[:en:Cross-sectional_data|kibiina ekinene]] eky'abakyala mu bibuga ne mu byalo. N'ebirala eby'atuukibwako, ekiwandiiko ky'akola ebyetaago bitaano: okulongoosa mu by'obulamu by'abakyala, eddembe ly'abaana ab'obuwala eri ettaka n'eby'obugagga, eby'emisomo, enkulakulana mu by'enfuna bya bakyala, n'okusalawo mu by'obufuzi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-07 |title=Women’s Manifesto 2016-2021: What’s in it for you? |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/full-woman/women-s-manifesto-2016-2021-what-s-in-it-for-you--1619174 |access-date=2026-09-22 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://uwonet.or.ug/2015/07/16/launch-of-the-womens-manifesto-2016-2021-2 |access-date=2023-05-26 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304043744/http://uwonet.or.ug/2015/07/16/launch-of-the-womens-manifesto-2016-2021-2/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Emigaso gy'ekibiina == UWONET ekubiriza "okukolera awamu" mu ba mmemba b'ayo okusaawo omwenkanonkano mu Uganda.<ref name=":3" /> Okuva UWONET bw'eyatandikibwawo, abakyala babadde bawaayo nnyo mu by'enfuna<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.busiweek.com/index1.php?Ctp=2&pI=3224&pLv=3&srI=68&spI=107 |access-date=2023-05-26 |archive-date=2023-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526100142/http://www.busiweek.com/index1.php?Ctp=2&pI=3224&pLv=3&srI=68&spI=107 |url-status=dead }}</ref> era bawangudde eddembe okusikira ettaka okuva mu kawaayiro k'ettaka aka 1998.<ref name=":2"/> Okusinzira ku Dayilekita Lakor, n'ewankubadde biri bityo, waky'aliwo olugendo luwanvu nnyo olw'okutuukako ku mwenkano nkano. === Ebifo omukolerwa Pulogulaamu z'ayo === Emirimu gya UWONET gitekeddwa mu nkola mu bitundu bino eby'enjawulo omuli: * Obwenkanya mu by'enfuna n'okuwa abalala obuyinza. Wansi wa Pulogulaamu eno, UWONET enoonya: okuwanjagira omulanga mu nkola z'eby'obusuubuzi awatali kwawulamu mu kikula; okulwanirira okukkirizibwa kw'abakyala, obwannanyini, n'okubeera n'obuyinza okufuga eby'enfuna; n'okwongera amaanyi mu kulwanirira enkola ezirwanyisa enkola y'okuboola mu kikula okusobola okusaawo omwenkanonkano mu kufuna eby'obugagga.<ref name=":3"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://uwonet.or.ug/womens-economic-justice-and-empowerment |access-date=2023-05-26 |archive-date=2018-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180215170639/http://www.uwonet.or.ug/womens-economic-justice-and-empowerment/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Eddembe ku bwenkanya. Ebigendererwa mu nkola eno kwali kuwanjagira n'okussa mu nkola amateeka ne Pulogulaamu ezirwanirira n'okukuuma eddembe ly'abakyala n'eri eby'obulamu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.actionaid.org/uganda/what-we-do/womens-rights-and-gender-equity |access-date=2023-05-26 |archive-date=2019-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190205121653/http://www.actionaid.org/uganda/what-we-do/womens-rights-and-gender-equity |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Obukulembeze bwa Demokulasiya. Ebigendererwa mu nkola eno by'ali: okwongera busobozi bwa bakyala mu bukulembeze ku ddaala lya Disitulikiti n'eggwanga okwetaba mu kusalawo, okulwanirira abakyala okweyongera okwetaba mu by'obufuzi n'okwongera amaanyi mu bantu babulijjo mu mbeera y'abulijjo n'enkola ya Ssemateeka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.cewigo.org/event/leadership-skills-training-lc5-women-councillors-south-western-uganda |access-date=2023-05-26 |archive-date=2016-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919085257/http://www.cewigo.org/event/leadership-skills-training-lc5-women-councillors-south-western-uganda |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.openaiddata.org/purpose/285/151/918 |access-date=2023-05-26 |archive-date=2016-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009072331/http://www.openaiddata.org/purpose/285/151/918/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Enkulakulana mu matendekero n'okwongera amaanyi mu bitongole. Mu pulogulaamu eno, UWONET enoonya: okussa mu nkola n'okukulakulanya enkola mu bukulembeze bwa matendekero n'okwongera okulaga emirimu n'okwetaba kw'omukutu guno.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://uwonet.or.ug/institutional-development-and-organizational-strengthening |access-date=2023-05-26 |archive-date=2023-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230530093133/http://www.uwonet.or.ug/institutional-development-and-organizational-strengthening/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Membership == Omukutu guno gwatandikibwawo ba mmemba mwenda naye gulinye okutuuka ku bitongole bakyala kkuminamukaaga n'abantu mwenda ssekinnomu abalwanirizi b'eddembe. mulimu:  <ref name="UWO5" /> == Laba na bino == * [[:en:Forum_of_Women's_NGOs|Forum of Women's NGOs]] * [[:en:World_Social_Forum|World Social Forum]] * [[:en:Sister_Namibia|Sister Namibia]] == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ebijuliziddwamu eby'ebweru wa Wikipediya == * Human Rights House {{DEFAULTSORT:Uganda Women's Network}} 5iwvc3vafcbj5ixu3ci0g0gc8zhz8a3 Irshad Manji 0 10490 75276 60665 2026-09-25T01:32:35Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75276 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Irshad Manji 2012 (cropped).png|thumb|'''Irshad Manji 2012''']]   '''Irshad Manji''' (yazaalibwa mu 1968) Mu Canada ezaalwa y'e Uganda era Musomesa. Yemuwandiisi w'akatba ka ''[[:en:The_Trouble_with_Islam_Today|The Trouble with Islam Today]]'' (2004) ne ''Allah, Liberty and Love'' (2011), ng'ebitabo bino by'ombi byaweeebwa mu mawanga g'Abasiraamu.<ref name="Bedell">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian</ref><ref>https://www.hrw.org/news/2012/05/31/malaysia-reverse-book-ban</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170801195549/https://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/05/19/215087.html</ref> Era yafulumya filimu ey'okuvumbula eya [[:en:Public_Broadcasting_Service|PBS]] mu filimu z'obutundu eza ''[[:en:America_at_a_Crossroads|America at a Crossroads]]'', nga yagituuma ''Faith Without Fear'', ng'eno yalondebwa mu awaadi za [[:en:Emmy_Award|Emmy Award]] mu 2008.<ref name="Bedell" /><ref name="Emmy">https://web.archive.org/web/20190723023527/http://emmyonline.com/news_29th_nominations</ref> Yali munnamawulire era muweereza w'oku Telefayina, Manji mulwanirizi w'enkyukakyuka mu ddiini y'Obusiraamu ekiyitibwa [[:en:Liberalism_and_progressivism_in_the_Muslim_world#Reform|reformist interpretation of Islam]] era avumirira [[:en:Literalistic_interpretation_of_Islam|entaputa egoberera ekitabo]] ky'Obusiraamu ekitukuvu ekya [[:en:Qur'an|Qur'an]].  Ekitabo kye ekyasembayo kyali, ''Don't Label Me'' (2019), ekirimu engeli y'okujjanjabamu abakosebwa olw'enjawukana Olw'ebyobufuzi, ekikula ky'abantu n'ennono. Ebirowoozo ebiri ku katabo ke yabijja mu pulojekiti ye eya Moral Courage Project, nga kino Manji ye yakitandikawo mu [[:en:New_York_University|Yunivasite ya New York]] mu 2008 nakibunya okutuuka mu [[:en:University_of_Southern_California|University of Southern California]] (USC) mu 2016, bweyali akyali kitundu ku [[:en:Annenberg_Center_on_Communication_Leadership_&_Policy|Annenberg Center on Communication Leadership & Policy]].<ref name="USC Annenberg">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://communicationleadership.usc.edu/fellows/senior/irshad-manji/ |access-date=2024-04-01 |archive-date=2020-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222222806/https://communicationleadership.usc.edu/fellows/senior/irshad-manji/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Oluvanyuma lw'okuva mu USC, yatandikawo wssomero lya Moral Courage College n'ekigendererwa eky'okusomesa "abavubuka okwekwasaganyiza ensonga ez'enjawulo okusinga okweswaza n'okwebuulirira".<ref>https://www.persuasion.community/p/hating-the-hateful</ref> Manji asomesa ku milamwa egy'enjawulo ng'omunoonyereza mu kakiiko akakwasaganya eddembe ly'obuntu aka Oxford Initiative for Global Ethics and Human Rights.<ref>https://www.oxfordglobalethics.org/fellows</ref> == Obuto bwe n'emisomo gyen == Manji yazaalibwa mu 1968 kumpi nekibuga [[:en:Kampala|Kampala]], [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]].<ref>https://vancouversun.com/news/local-news/canada-150-irshad-manji-challenging-muslim-doctrine</ref> Maama we ava mu [[:en:Egyptian_people|Egypt]] ate Taata we asibuka mu [[:en:India|Buyindi]].<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/03/opinion/brave-young-and-muslim.html</ref> [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]] bweyalagira [[:en:Expulsion_of_Asians_from_Uganda|Okugobebwa kw'abayindi]] n'abalala abataali Bafirika okuva mu Uganda mu myaka gya 1970,<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=4tY_Rk0BTGMC&pg=PA93</ref><ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/04/international/americas/04FPRO.html</ref> Manji ne Famire ye bagenda mu [[:en:Canada|Canada]] ng'abanoonyi b'obubudamu nga wa myaka ena.<ref>https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303918204577446170153730122</ref> Basalawo okubeera mu [[:en:Richmond,_British_Columbia|Richmond, British Columbia]], okuliraana ekibuga [[:en:Vancouver|Vancouver]].<ref name="Todd">https://vancouversun.com/news/staff-blogs/the-trouble-with-irshad-manji</ref><ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/27/weekinreview/27gewen.html</ref> Manji yasomera ku masomero ag'enjawulo nga buli lwamukaaga yasomeranga ku ssomero lya ([[:en:Madrasa|madrasa]]). Manji agamba ku myaka 14 yanyonyola nti yagobebwa okuva mu somero olw'okubuuza ebibuuzo ebingi.<ref name="Popescu">https://literaryreview.co.uk/irshad-manji</ref><ref>https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/the-muslim-refusenik/article772583/</ref><ref>https://vancouversun.com/news/local-news/canada-150-irshad-manji-challenging-muslim-doctrine</ref> Mu 1990, Manji yafuna Diguli ey'okusukkuluma ku balala eya [[:en:Honours_degree#Canada|bachelor's degree with honours]] mu [[:en:History_of_ideas|history of ideas]] okuva mu Yunivasite ya [[:en:University_of_British_Columbia|University of British Columbia]], era yawangula omudaali oguweebwa asinze okusoma mu ssomo eryo ogwa [[:en:Governor_General's_Academic_Medal|Governor General's Academic Medal]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20171104065136/http://www.fondationtrudeau.ca/en/community/irshad-manji</ref> Mu 2002, Manji yatandika okusomesa mu [[:en:University_of_Toronto|University of Toronto]]'s [[:en:Hart_House_(University_of_Toronto)|Hart House]], ng'eno gyeyatandikira okuwandiika akatabo ka ''[[:en:The_Trouble_with_Islam_Today|The Trouble with Islam Today]]''.<ref>https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/irshad-manji-challenges-islam</ref> Yalina enkolagana ne [[:en:Yale_University|Yale University]] mu Pulogulaamu z'emisomo ku by'okwelinda mu nsi yonna mu 2006<ref>http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/09/18/freespeech/main2017202.shtml</ref> era yali munwanyi nnyo oowa Brussels-based [[:en:European_Foundation_for_Democracy|European Foundation for Democracy]] okuva mu 2006 okutuusa 2012.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20191212223356/http://www.gmfus.org/events/reconciling-islam-freedom</ref><ref>https://newrepublic.com/article/103301/islam-censorship-efd-manji-suppression</ref> == Emirimu gye == Manji yatandiika emirimu gye mu Byobufuzi mu 1990. Yali om[[:en:Legislative_aide|kubabaga amateeka]] mu [[:en:Canadian_parliament|Paalamenti ya Canada]] ku lw'omubaka omugya ow'ekibiina kya [[:en:New_Democratic_Party_of_Canada|New Democratic Party]] [[:en:Dawn_Black|Dawn Black]], n'oluvanyuma [[:en:Press_secretary|omuwandiisi w'abannamawulire]]<nowiki/>mu [[:en:Ontario_government|Gavumenti ya Ontario]] ku lwa Kabinenti Minisita wa [[:en:Ontario_New_Democratic_Party|Ontario New Democratic Party]] [[:en:Marion_Boyd|Marion Boyd]],<ref>https://vancouversun.com/news/staff-blogs/the-trouble-with-irshad-manji</ref> n'oluvanyuma omuwandiisi w'ebinayogerwa okulembera ekibiina kya NDP [[:en:Audrey_McLaughlin|Audrey McLaughlin]]. Ku myaka 24, yafuuka omusunsuzi w'ensonga z'Eggwanga ku lw'''[[:en:Ottawa_Citizen|Abatuuze ba Ottawa]]''<ref name="Popescu"/> era nga memba omuto ku [[:en:Editorial_board|kakiiko akasunsuzi]] akakwasaganya amawulire ga Canada. Yaliko omuwandiisi w'omuko mu lupapula lwa Ottawa olupya olwa [[:en:Gay_media|LGBT newspaper]] ''[[:en:Capital_Xtra!|Capital Xtra!]]''<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20090303223005/http://www.xtra.ca/public/Ottawa/Looking_back_on_issue_1_of_Capital_Xtra-6265.aspx</ref> Yaweerezako mu kanyomero ka "Friendly Fire" akaali kawerezebwa ku [[:en:TVOntario|TVOntario]] mu ''[[:en:Studio_2|Situdiyo 2]]'' okuva mu 1992 okutuusa 1994, nga yali aweereza ne [[:en:Michael_Coren|Michael Coren]].<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=tMvzNiHF-XIC&pg=PA70</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://rrj.ca/a-talking-contradiction/ |access-date=2024-04-01 |archive-date=2024-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227134320/https://rrj.ca/a-talking-contradiction/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Manji yaweereza ku pulogulaamu ez'enjawulo ku TV ezikwata ku [[:en:Public_affairs_(broadcasting)|nsonga za Gavumenti]] omuli, ''Q-Files'' for [[:en:CP24#CHUM_era|Pulse24]] saako n'eyagiddira mu bigere eya ''[[:en:QT:_QueerTelevision|QT: QueerTelevision]]'' ku TV esangibwamu kibuga kya TorontoCitytv mu myaka gya 1990.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=nwFuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA65</ref><ref>https://www.vancouverobserver.com/5-minutes-with/irshad-manji%C3%A2%E2%82%AC%E2%84%A2s-moral-courage</ref> Bweyalekulira pulogulaamu, Manji yatona ebintu by'eyali akozesa ku TV "big Q" eri aba [[:en:Pride_Library|Pride Library]] ku [[:en:University_of_Western_Ontario|Yunivasite ya Western Ontario]].<ref>https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/30559/1/Cooper_Danielle_201111_MI_thesis.pdf#page=41</ref> Alabikiddeko ku mikutu gya TV egy'enjawulo okwetoloola ensi nga [[:en:Al_Jazeera_English|Al Jazeera]], aba [[:en:Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation|CBC]], [[:en:BBC|BBC]], [[:en:MSNBC|MSNBC]], [[:en:C-SPAN|C-SPAN]], [[:en:CNN|CNN]], [[:en:Public_Broadcasting_Service|PBS]], aba [[:en:Fox_News_Channel|Fox News Channel]], [[:en:CBS|CBS]], ne [[:en:HBO|HBO]].<ref>https://www.youtube.com/user/IrshadManjiTV</ref> Yali musomesa ku [[:en:New_York_University|New York University]] (NYU) okuva mu 2008 okutuusa 2015.<ref>https://wagner.nyu.edu/community/faculty/irshad-manji</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://kwese.espn.com/olympics/summer/2012/story/_/id/8157338/ioc-bar-saudi-arabia-olympics-women-added-team |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-04-01 |archive-date=2018-09-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913002250/http://kwese.espn.com/olympics/summer/2012/story/_/id/8157338/ioc-bar-saudi-arabia-olympics-women-added-team |url-status=dead }}</ref> Manji yegatta ku NYU [[:en:Robert_F._Wagner_Graduate_School_of_Public_Service|Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service]] okutandiikawo pulojekii eey'okutumbule ebyempisa mu bavubuka saako n'okwogera amazima okuwangula emitima gy'abantu b'omu bitudu by'abwe.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120901122500/https://www.irshadmanji.com/Moral-Courage-Project</ref> Essomo lye ly'ali ligenderera "okuyigiriza abavubuka okukola okusalawo okwobwannakyewa ku lw'obulungi bw'endowooza zaabwe, n'obukugu".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://wagner.nyu.edu/leadership/affiliates |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-04-01 |archive-date=2013-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131123092304/http://wagner.nyu.edu/leadership/affiliates |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu Gwokuna 2013, TV ya Moral Courage (ku mukutu gwa [[:en:YouTube|YouTube]]), gwatongozebwa Manji ne [[:en:Cornel_West|Cornel West]], ng'ono mukenkufu era mulwanirizi w'eddembe ly'abantu.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J7GguSvt-Ow</ref> West yayogera ku mirimu gya Manji nga "amaanyi agatereddwawo ku lw'obulungi."<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J7GguSvt-Ow</ref> Mu 2015, Manji yatandikawo "the West Coast presence of Moral Courage" ku [[:en:Annenberg_Center_on_Communication_Leadership_&_Policy|Annenberg Center on Communication Leadership & Policy]] mu [[:en:University_of_Southern_California|Yunivasite ya Southern California]].<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annenberg_Center_on_Communication_Leadership_&_Policy</ref> == Ebitabo bye y'awandiika == === ''The Trouble with Islam Today'' ===   Akatabo ka Manji aka ''The Trouble with Islam Today'' (nga muntandikwa yali akatuumye ''The Trouble with Islam'') kaali kafulumizibwa aba [[:en:St._Martin's_Press|St. Martin's Press]] mu 2004. Akatabo kano kasooka kufulumizibwa mu Canada wansi w'omutwe ogwasooka mu Gwomwenda 2003.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=IWUEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA27</ref> Okuva kw'olwo kabadde nga kavvunulwa mu nnimi ezisoba mo 30. Manji yawaayo obutabo obwali buvvunuddwa mu nnimi nga [[:en:Arabic_language|Arabic]], [[:en:Persian_language|Persian]], ne [[:en:Urdu|Urdu]] ookubuwanulira ku bwerere okuva ku Webusayiti ye.<ref name="Jerusalem Post">https://www.jpost.com/Features/Manji-Young-Muslims-want-change</ref> Mu katabo ka ''The Trouble with Islam Today'', Manji yanoonyereza ku ntaputa empya ey'ekitabo ekitukuvu Qur'an ky'akkiriza nti kituukira ddala n'omulembe gw'Ekyaasa kya 21.<ref>https://www.irishexaminer.com/analysis/role-of-women-central-to-necessary-reforms-within-islam-441608.html</ref> Ekitabo kino kisomeddwa abantu omuli abakikungiriza saako n'abakivumirira omuli Abasiraamu n'abatali basiraamu. Abantu ab'enjawulo ababadde be kkanya ekitabo kino bakiyise "ekitabo ekizaamu amaanyi"<ref>https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Calling-all-believers-to-a-conversation-on-Islam/articleshow/1326998.cms</ref> oba "ekyali kyalindilirwa okuva edda"<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Sullivan</ref> songa abalala bagamba kyawandiikibwa okuvoola abasiraamu.<ref>http://www.democracynow.org/2006/2/7/freedom_of_speech_or_incitement_to</ref> [[:en:Tarek_Fatah|Tarek Fatah]], omusiraamu okuva mu Canada okuva mu ntandikwa y'avumirira ekitabo kya ''The Trouble With Islam'',<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20050207112221/http://canpalnet-ottawa.org/fatah.html</ref> yazza enjogera egamba nti Manji ali "yali mutuufu olw'enkola ey'obusosoze mu nsi y'abasiraamu" era nti "mwalimu ensonga nyingi ezaali zisinzira ku kumanya kwe".<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20090107225747/http://www.thespec.com/Opinions/article/392889</ref> ''Akatabo ka The Trouble with Islam Today'' kaawerebwa mu mawanga awerako. Okuva mu Gwomusanvu 2009, ekitabo kino era kyawerebwa ne mu Malaysia.<ref name=":3">https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2012/05/24/home-ministry-bans-irshad-manjis-book</ref> === ''Faith without Fear'' === Mu 2007 Manji yafulumya olutambi lwa [[:en:Public_Broadcasting_Service|PBS]], ''Faith without Fear''. kigoberera olugendo lwe okuzza okukkiriza n'emirembe. ng'otadde ku bbali ebyo ebyamusoomuza ng'akyali musiraamu. yavumbula bingi ku [[:en:Islamism|Busiraamu]] mu Yemen, Europe n'Obukiikakkono bwa America, wamu n'ebyafaayo ku [[:en:Critical_thinking|ndowooza y'ekika ekyawagguli]] ey'obusiraamu mu Spain n'amawanga amalala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.pbs.org/weta/crossroads/about/show_faith_without_fear.html |access-date=2024-04-01 |archive-date=2022-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209190230/https://www.pbs.org/weta/crossroads/about/show_faith_without_fear.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''Faith Without Fear'' kyalondebwa mu mpaka za [[:en:Emmy|Emmy]] era yeyawangula Awaadi y'empaka za [[:en:National_Film_Board|National Film Board]] of Canada [[:en:Gemini_Award|Gemini Award]].<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Film_Board_of_Canada</ref> K'ekatongoza ebikujjuko bya 2008 [[:en:Muslim_Film_Festival|Muslim Film Festival]], ebyategekebwa aba [[:en:American_Islamic_Congress|American Islamic Congress]]<ref>https://archive.today/20080416235659/http://www.muslimfilm.org/schedule.html</ref> era ne kawangula zaabu mu bikujjuko bya [[:en:New_York_Television_Festival|New York Television Festival]]. === ''Allah, Liberty and Love'' ===   Mu 2011, Manji yafulumya akatabo ka ''Allah, Liberty and Love''. Mu katabo ke, anyonyola butya Aabasiraamu bweyayinza okuvvunula ekitabo ekitukuvu ekya Qur'an, okwogera n'eddembe n'okwelowooleza. Mu ngeri y'okuwagira ebiwandiiko bye, Manji ajuliza ''[[:en:Ijtihad|ijtihad]]'', ennono y'obusiraamu ey'okulowooza okwokwefumitiriza naddala mu kuvvunula [[:en:List_of_Islamic_texts|ebiwandiiko by'obusiraamu]] n'ebisomesebwa.<ref name="Doughty">https://web.archive.org/web/20170705121430/http://www.innovation.cc/book-reviews/rev_doughty_assay_manji18vi1a13.pdf</ref><ref name="Kaylan">https://www.newsweek.com/irshad-manji-challenges-muslims-follow-their-conscience-67465</ref> Manji akikkatiriza nti enkyukakyuka yonna mu ekuuma omutindo gw'obusiraamu essobola kuva mu bbo b'ennyini era tebisobola kuggibwa walala.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times_of_India</ref> Manji akkiriziganya n'enkola ey'okufumbiriganwa wakati w'[[:en:Interfaith_marriage|abagalana ab'enzikiriza ez'enjawulo]] naddala okufumbiriganwa wakati w'Abasiraamu n'aatali basiraamu, abakyala Abasiraamu okufumbirwa abasajja abatali Basiraamu nga basinzira ku birowoozo bya Khaleel Mohammed owa [[:en:San_Diego_State_University|San Diego State University (SDSU)]], mu San Diego, California.<ref>https://freethinkingstokie.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/eng_bothpages.pdf</ref> Nga bwekiri mu biwandiiko bya Manji ebirala, ''Allah, Liberty and Love'' byafuna ebirowoozo ebirungi n'ebibi. Rayyan Al Shawaf, aomuwandiisi asangibwa mu Beirut, anyonyola ekigendererwa kya Manji ku butya Qur'an bweyinza okuvvunulwa mu kitiibwa ky'obusiraamu so ssi ku butya bwekiyinza okukugirwa eri ekitabo kya Qur'an. Era awakanya ekya Manji okutumbula ijtihad ng'abuusa amaaso ku "''ijtihad'' kitala ekitula okuva ku njuyi zombi."<ref name="Al-Shawaf">{{Cite web |url=https://www.boston.com/ae/books/articles/2011/06/25/manjis_allah_implores_muslims_to_think_freely/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-04-01 |archive-date=2016-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305000030/http://www.boston.com/ae/books/articles/2011/06/25/manjis_allah_implores_muslims_to_think_freely/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> Al-Shawaf naye agamba nti Manji essira aliteeka ku "butya Quran bweyinza okuvunulwa mu kitiibwa okwawukana ku kyokuteekawo amateeka agakugira."<ref name="Al-Shawaf" /> Mu kwogera kwa Melik Kaylan mu ''[[:en:Newsweek|Newsweek]]'' anyonyola akatabo nga "kakuyege y'okukaaba kwa abasiraamu" era nga kujjudde "okusikiriza abalala okubawulira era bitambulira mu njogera ezitalina makulu nga bino biwaawaza amatu g'abawagizi be." Omar Sultan Haque, omusomesa era omunonyereza ku mu ssomero ly'abasawo mu Yunivasite ya Harvard University Medical School, agamba nti newankubadde ekitabo kya Manji ky'amakulu mu kumanyisa abantu, "tekikwatagana n'abibuuza ebimu ebiyinza okufuula ebiseera by'eddini y'obusiraamu ey'amazima."<ref name="Haque">http://www.tnr.com/book/review/allah-liberty-love-irshad-manji</ref> Haque anyonyola ekirowooza kya Manji nga "enneyisa eraga okusiima naye mu busukkulumu". Howard A. Doughty, Pulofeesa w'emisomo gy'ensimbi n'ebyobufuzi ku ssomero lya [[:en:Seneca_College|Seneca College]], kino akinyonyola n'ekyawandiikibwa kya Haque: "Katonda wa Manji afaananira ddala omuwabuzi ow'amaanyi okuva mu ttendekero erya waggulu."<ref name="Haque" /> Doughty, mu afunza okulaba kwe ku biwandiiko bya Manji agamba nti abayizi abamu (nga yegyemu) abuusabusa oba "Manji anaasobola okuggusa ensonga ze era n'assa ebiwandiiko bye mu nkola." Wabula yewaayo okukuuma ebigambo bye nayongerezaako nti "abamuwakanya kyebatamanyi nti enjogera ye, enkolagana ye n'abantu, okumaanya kwe ku by'ensimbi n'ebyobufuzi bye bimusobozesa okukyusa endowooza ye okugizza ku bikolwa bya bantu."<ref name="Doughty" /> Okutongozebwa kwa kitabo kya ''Allah, Liberty and Love'' okw'ensi yonna kwalimu ebitakwatagana. Mu Gwekkuminogumu 2011, Abasiraamu abakuukutivu balumbagana ekitabo kya Manji nga kitongozebwa mu [[:en:Amsterdam|Amsterdam]];<ref name=":2">https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/irshad-manji-book-tour-in-indonesia-runs-into-trouble-with-islamic-thugs</ref> Abasajja abasiraamu abiri mu babiri balumbagana Manji nebagezaako okutyoboola.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://israelbehindthenews.com/we-made-the-jerusalem-post-with-this-irshad-manji-speaking-the-truth/8343/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-04-01 |archive-date=2016-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808224230/http://israelbehindthenews.com/we-made-the-jerusalem-post-with-this-irshad-manji-speaking-the-truth/8343/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu kaseera w'eyali abunya akatabo ke, Poliisi yamusazaamu okwogera kwe mu Jakarta olw'ekibiina ky'abagagga ekya [[:en:Islamic_Defenders_Front|Islamic Defenders Front]] okuva mu Indonesia.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160308024014/http://jakartaglobe.beritasatu.com/archive/indonesian-hardline-group-urges-govt-to-deport-liberal-canadian-muslim-activist/</ref> Oluvanyuma lw'ennaku, abasajja nkumi na nkumi okuva mu kakiiko ka [[:en:Indonesian_Mujahedeen_Council|Indonesian Mujahedeen Council]] bavvoola tiimu ya Manji n'abawagizi be mu [[:en:Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta]]. Abantu ab'ejawulo bakosebwa era tewali n'omu yaweebwa bujjanjabi mu ddwaliro.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130310112512/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/05/10/irshad-manji-injured-mob-attack-yogya.html</ref><ref name=":2" /> Oluvanyuma lw'ebyo, Gavumienti ya Malaysia yawera ekitabo kya ''Allah, Liberty and Love''. Naye mu Gwomwenda 2013, Kkooti ya wagguli mu [[:en:Kuala_Lumpur|Kuala Lumpur]] yakisazaamu.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20131004213928/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/ban-on-irshad-manjis-book-lifted</ref> Omwaka ogwali guwedde, Nik Raina Nik Abdul Aziz, omukyala okuva mu Malaysia era nga yali omu kuba Maneja ba [[:en:Borders_Group|Borders Bookstore]], yakwatibwa olwokutunda akitabo kya Manji ekyali kyavvunulwa ng'eggwanga telinnaba kulangirira nvumbo.<ref>http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2012/08/2012867105109271.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20171029023305/http://antarapos.com/en/index.php?q9nan56SpKPkoObnaNGXpVvZn7WkcZFjZQ</ref> Oluvanyuma lw'emyaka esatu ng'atoa n'ebannamteeka, Kkooti ya Malaysia yagoba okuwaaba kwa Gavumenti.<ref>http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/nik-rainas-nightmare-finally-over-as-federal-court-dismisses-jawis-prosecut</ref><ref>http://www.themalaymailonline.com/malaysia/article/judges-slam-islamic-authority-for-premature-raid-on-borders</ref> === ''Don't Label Me'' === Mu nteekateeka z'okufulumya ekitabo ekikyasembyeyo, ''Don't Label Me: An Incredible Conversation for Divided Times'', Manji yeyali omwogezi ku lunaku lwa Discovery, Dialogue & Action event ekya [[:en:Washington_University_in_St._Louis|Washington University in St. Louis]] nga 19 Ogwokubiri 2019.<ref>https://source.wustl.edu/2019/02/honest-diversity-moral-courage-and-shedding-labels-a-qa-with-irshad-manji/</ref> ''Don't Label Me'' kyafulumizibwa aba [[:en:St._Martin's_Press|St. Martin's Press]] nga 26 Ogwokubiri.<ref name=":0">https://www.newsweek.com/2019/03/08/irshad-manji-interview-dont-label-me-diversity-black-lives-matters-1335894.html</ref> Ekitabo kyawandiikibwa ng'emboozi ey'okutebereza ne Lily, embwa ya Manji eyasooka, nga yaffa era nga yalabikirako mu [[:en:Devil's_advocate|Devil's advocate]].<ref name=":1">https://vancouversun.com/entertainment/books/listening-is-the-best-way-to-get-your-point-across-says-irshad-manji</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |url=https://areomagazine.com/2019/05/01/irshad-manjis-dont-label-me-book-review/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-04-01 |archive-date=2023-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111031748/https://areomagazine.com/2019/05/01/irshad-manjis-dont-label-me-book-review/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Okusinziira ku Dana Gee owa ''[[:en:Vancouver_Sun|Vancouver Sun]]'', "kirabika nga ekitalina mulamwa naye nga kikola". Manji akozesa emboozi eno okumanyisa abantu [[:en:Tribalism|busosoze mu mawanga]] saako n'enkolagana wakati w'abo abawakanya by'eyawandiika.<ref name=":1" /> Mu katambi akafulumizibwa aba ''[[:en:Time_(magazine)|Time]]'' magazine mu Gwokusatu 2019, Manji agamba nti "Ndiwano okuleeta ekiteeso, mu kaseera nga amasomero gasomesa abaana okwenyiiza, balina okubasomesa engeri y'okunyiza abalala".<ref>https://people.com/human-interest/schools-kids-how-not-to-be-offended-irshad-manji/</ref> Munnakatemba [[:en:Chris_Rock|Chris Rock]], nga muwagizi wa Manji,<ref name=":0" /> naye yatumbula ekitabo ng'ayita ku kibanja kye ekya Twitter ng'ekitabo yakiyita "genius".<ref>https://hiddenforces.io/podcasts/irshad-manji-diversity-culture-wars/</ref><ref>https://twitter.com/chrisrock/status/1100499552933724165</ref> Mu kwekennenya ekitabo kya ''Don't Label Me'' ekyakolebwa aba ''Areo Magazine'', Samuel Kronen yawandiika nti "Manji eleeta enkolagana enungi, okwekilirizamu, obwesimbu era ateddewo okumanya ku bizibu abantu by'ebasanga."<ref name=":4" /> == Ebyamutuukako == Manji afunye okutiisibwatiisibwa okuwerako olw'endowooza ye.<ref>http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/irshad-manji-islams-marked-woman-58908.html</ref> Nga akyabeera mu Toronto, amadirisa ge yagakola nga tegayitamu masasi olw'ebyokwerinda.<ref name="Todd" /> Manji anyonyolwa nga [[:en:Quranist|Quranist]].<ref>Kaminski, Joseph J. (2017). "Introduction: Determining the Basis for Political Discourse for the Next Generation". ''The Contemporary Islamic Governed State''. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. pp.&nbsp;1–28.</ref> Mu mboozi ey'akafubo n'aba ''[[:en:The_Jerusalem_Post|The Jerusalem Post]]'', ng'anyonyola eby'obufuzi, Manji yagamba, "siri wa ku luuyi lwa kkono, siri wa ku luuyi lwa Ddyo, ndi mutume". Awakanyiza ebigambibwa mbu Entalo za Amerika zileetawo enkola ya [[:en:Islamic_extremism|Islamic extremism]].<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/16/opinion/16manji.html</ref> Manji butereevu yetaba mu ntalo ezaali wakati wa Amerika mu [[:en:Iraq_War|Iraq]] ne [[:en:War_in_Afghanistan_(2001–present)|Afghanistan]], era n'olutalo lw'obukulembeze olwa [[:en:George_W._Bush|George W. Bush]] [[:en:War_on_Terror|War on Terror]].<ref name="Aroon">https://foreignpolicy.com/2007/04/19/on-tv-tonight-osama-bin-ladens-worst-nightmare/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/missionary-position/ |access-date=2024-04-01 |archive-date=2018-09-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910181407/https://www.thenation.com/article/missionary-position/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Cole">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://nowtoronto.com/art-and-books/q-and-a-irshad-manji/ |access-date=2024-04-01 |archive-date=2018-09-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911002456/https://nowtoronto.com/art-and-books/q-and-a-irshad-manji/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Duff-Brown">https://www.chron.com/news/nation-world/article/Rebellious-writer-s-criticism-of-Islam-stirring-1628637.php</ref> Mu 2006, obuweereza bwe mu lutalo lwa Iraq lwafuuka lw'amaanyi eri Gavumenti ya Bush.<ref name="Jerusalem Post" /> Ku Iraq, yagamba nti "yalowooza offiisi onkulu yalina okumanyisibwa okumala oksobola okukola okusalawo."<ref name="Cole" /> Era yagamba nti, "mbadde nebuuza mu lujjudde ku mirimu egy'omu Afghanistan n'abiki ebinakivaamu."<ref name="Cole" /> Akikkatiriza nti aba [[:en:Palestinians|Palestine]] basanga emirimu ebiri: ekisooka ebikolebwa aba [[:en:Hamas|Hamas]] eri abakyala n[[:en:LGBT|'abalya ebisiyaga]] n'endala ey'[[:en:Israel_Defense_Forces|amaggye ga Israeli]] mu ba Palestine bonna.<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/discussion/2007/04/18/DI2007041801507.html</ref> == Ebimukwatako eby'omunda == Mu 2016, Manji n'omwagalwa we, Laura Albano, mafumbiriganwa mu Hawaii.<ref>http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2016/05/10/irshad-manji-marries-partner-laura-albano/</ref> Bawangalira eyo n'embwa zaabwe. Abagalana bano bayawukana.<ref>https://irshadmanji.com/divorcing-courageously/</ref> == Awaadi n'ebitiibwa by'eyafuna == * 1997 – omulwanirizi w'omwenkano mu bakyala mu kyaasa ekya 21 nga yatuumibwa aba ''[[:en:Ms._Magazine|Ms. Magazine]]''<ref>September/October 1997 issue of ''Ms.'', p. 104</ref> * Awaadi za 2004 – [[:en:Oprah_Winfrey|Oprah Winfrey]] eri asinze obuvumu, amaanyi n'okwewayo"<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.pbs.org/weta/crossroads/about/show_faith_without_fear_film.html |access-date=2024-04-01 |archive-date=2021-08-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210826234805/https://www.pbs.org/weta/crossroads/about/show_faith_without_fear_film.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * 2005 – Named by ''The Jakarta Post'' as one of three women making a positive change in Islam today.<ref>https://www.huffingtonpost.com/author/irshad-manji</ref> * 2006 – Young Global Leader selected by the [[:en:World_Economic_Forum|World Economic Forum]]<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140813024501/http://www.weforum.org/content/pages/ygl-alumni-community</ref> * 2007 – Global Vision Prize, [[:en:Immigration_Equality|Immigration Equality]]'s highest honour<ref>2007 Annual Benefit, New York City.</ref> * 2008 – Honorary Doctorate [[:en:University_of_Puget_Sound|University of Puget Sound]]<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20080609034250/http://www.ups.edu/x27840.xml</ref> * 2009 – Muslim Leader of Tomorrow from the [[:en:American_Society_for_Muslim_Advancement|American Society for Muslim Advancement]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://asmasociety.typepad.com/mlt/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-04-01 |archive-date=2008-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080604012926/http://asmasociety.typepad.com/mlt/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * 2012 – The [[:en:Ethical_Humanist_Award|Ethical Humanist Award]] from New York [[:en:Society_for_Ethical_Culture|Society for Ethical Culture]]'s highest honour * 2014 – [[:en:Honorary_Doctorate|Honorary Doctorate]] [[:en:Bishop's_University|Bishop's University]]<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140701055759/http://www.ubishops.ca/about-bu/bu-news/details.html?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=457&cHash=425754d146460b625ca0d0491daf1ae7</ref> * 2015 – [[:en:Lantos_Human_Rights_Prize|Lantos Human Rights Prize]]<ref>https://www.voanews.com/a/three-women-muslim-countries-us-human-right-award/3098387.html</ref> == Ebimukwatako == * 1997 – ''Risking Utopia: On the Edge of a New Democracy'', (Douglas and McIntyre  ) * 2003 – ''[[:en:The_Trouble_with_Islam_Today|The Trouble with Islam Today]]'' (St. Martin's Press,  ) * 2011 – ''Allah, Liberty and Love: The Courage to Reconcile Faith and Freedom''<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4516-4520-0</ref> (Atria Books,  ,  ) * 2019 – ''Don't Label Me: An Incredible Conversation for Divided Times'' (St. Martin's Press,  ) == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwamu eby'ebweru wa Wikipediya ==   * Omukutu gwa webusayiti omutongole * Irshad Manji ku IMDb * Okulabika kwe ku C-SPAN {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Manji, Irshad}} [[Category:Abasomesa]] jgtenvkfwnyx7plp50rj35u3l6whjcg Dorothy Okello 0 10493 75270 68478 2026-09-25T00:16:12Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75270 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dorothy Okello''' Munnayuganda omukugu mu bya masanyalaze, era Pulofeesa amanyikiddwa olw'okutandikawo ekibiina ky'abakyala ekya Women of Uganda Network or [[:en:WOUGNET|WOUGNET]].<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=EofNE4lpPb0C&pg=PA376</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=jMyeBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA304</ref> Mu 2016, yafuuka Pulezidenti omukyala eyasooka ow'ettendekero lya [[:en:Uganda_Institution_of_Professional_Engineers|Uganda Institution of Professional Engineers]]<ref name=":0">https://www.independent.co.ug/interview-engineer-dr-dorothy-okello-sparkles-male-dominated-profession/</ref> == Emisomo gye == Alina Diguli mu byamasanyalaze eya BSc in Electrical Engineering okuva ku [[:en:Makerere_University|Yunivasite y'e Makerere]], mu [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]], nga yagifuna mu 1992, ne M.S. in Electrical Engineering (1999) okuva ku [[:en:University_of_Kansas|University of Kansas]] ng'eno yali asomera [[:en:Fulbright_Program|sikaala ya Gavumenti]],<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220316201814/https://www.ucc.co.ug/eng-dr-dorothy-okello/</ref> saako ne Ph.D. mu by'okukanika amasanyalaze (2004) okuva ku [[:en:McGill_University|McGill University]] mu Montreal, Canada (ng'eno gyeyafunira sikaal ya [[:en:Commonwealth_Scholarship|Commonwealth Scholarship]]).<ref>http://www.unisa.ac.za/contents/conferences/Heltasa2013/docs/DorothyOkelloShortProfile_June2013.pdf</ref> Akoze bukubirire okutuubula abakyala n'ebyalo okunyikira okwagala okumanya.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=H_xiDgAAQBAJ&dq=%22Dorothy+Okello%22+-wikipedia&pg=PT148</ref> == Emirimu gye == Y'akwasisa empisa mu ssomero ly'ebyamasanyalaze ku [[:en:Makerere_University|Yunivasite y'e Makerere]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://cedat.mak.ac.ug/academics/schools/soe/department-of-civil-and-environmental-engineering/ |access-date=2024-04-01 |archive-date=2024-04-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240415221449/https://cedat.mak.ac.ug/academics/schools/soe/department-of-civil-and-environmental-engineering/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ye mukyala eyasooka mu Africa okuwangula eky'omukyala atawunyikamu mu kukola n'okukozesa omutimbagano nga ekirabo kino kyamuweebwa ku mikolo gya Africa ICT Days gala egyali egyakamalirizo egyabaawo nga 16 Ogwekkuminogumu mu Yaoundé, Cameroon.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20151222152638/http://digitalwomanaward.com/2013/11/17/african-digital-woman-announced/</ref> Mu Gwekkumi 2012, Okello yaweebwa Awaadi ya Women Achievers Award olw'obuweerezabwe mu kutumbula abakyala n'abawala nga ayita mu Sayansi ne Tekinologiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://cedat.mak.ac.ug/news/dr-dorothy-okello-wins-women-achievers-award |access-date=2024-04-01 |archive-date=2018-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304121756/http://cedat.mak.ac.ug/news/dr-dorothy-okello-wins-women-achievers-award/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Okello yalondebwa nga Pulezidenti omukyala eyasooka ow'ettendekero lya Uganda Institution of Professional Engineers egyayindira ku ttendekero lya institution AGM nga 29 Ogwokuna 2016.<ref>http://eagle.co.ug/2016/05/02/eng-kabagajju-new-engineers-boss.html</ref> Nga 2 Ogwomukaaga 2016 ebbaluwa emuyozayoza okuva ewa Pulezidenti wa Irish Michael D. Higgins yamutuusibwako Ambasada wa Irsh mu Uganda Dónal Cronin olw'okubeera Pulezidenti omukyala ow'ettendekero eyali asoose.<ref>Kamoga, Jonathan (6 June 2016). "Engineer's president to push for more science students". the Observer (Uganda).</ref> == Ebitabo ebyafulumya emirimu gye'yanonyerezaako == Aweebwa ekitiibwa mu by'okunoonyereza era emirimu gye egisinga agikoledde ku mukutu gwa netLabs!UG, senta y'okunonyereza mu dipaatimenti ye'byamasanyalaze n'ebyuma bikalimagezi ku Yunivasite.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220316201814/https://www.ucc.co.ug/eng-dr-dorothy-okello/</ref> Emirimu gye gifulumiziddwa mu mpapula z'amawulire ne magazine ezenjawulo nga (1) Coverage and rate of low density ABS assisted vertical heterogeneous network akafulumizibwa mu 2022 IEEE 33rd Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)<ref>https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/189864/1/1570799776%20final.pdf</ref> (2) Unmanned aerial vehicles: opportunities for developing countries and challenges which was published in the 2020 IST-Africa Conference (IST-Africa)<ref>https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9144040</ref> (3) A deep reinforcement learning-based algorithm for reliability-aware multi-domain service deployment in smart ecosystems.<ref>https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-020-05372-x</ref> (4) Effect of different organic substrates on reproductive biology, growth rate and offtake of the African night crawler earthworm (''Eudrilus eugeniae'').<ref>https://doi.org/10.1007/s13165-020-00284-5</ref> (5) Resource-aware workload orchestration for edge computing published in 2020 28th Telecommunications Forum (TELFOR).<ref>https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9306551</ref> (6) Leveraging the technology of unmanned aerial vehicles for developing countries published in SAIEE Africa Research Journal.<ref>https://doi.org/10.23919%2FSAIEE.2020.9194383</ref> (7) Rebuilding the internet exchange point in Uganda published by the 2017 28th Irish Signals and Systems Conference (ISSC).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7983601 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-04-01 |archive-date=2022-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225161803/https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7983601 |url-status=dead}}</ref> (8) Regulatory and broadband industry responses to COVID-19: cases of Uganda, Peru, and the Caribbean.<ref>https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/978-1-80262-049-820231007/full/html</ref> (9) Enabling models of Internet eXchange Points for developing contexts.<ref>https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.deveng.2020.100057</ref> (10) Co-designing with engineers for community engagement in rural Uganda published by Oxford University Press.<ref>https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fdsj.2023.10</ref> == Ebikwata ku Famile ye == Okello mufumbo era alina abaana basatu. == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Abaasomera ku Makerere University]] kdost5we3m57lujkyylcip57gvxc0mx Godiva Akullo 0 10519 75261 60494 2026-09-24T19:15:07Z Kabugo reagan 11810 converted reference 75261 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Godiva Akullo''' advocate wa Kooti Enkulu eya Uganda era omulwanirizi w'eddembe ly'abakyala.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Godiva Akullo |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/author/godiva-akullo |access-date=2026-09-24 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> Ab'ekibinja kya LGBTQ n'abalwanirizi b'eddembe lya bakyala mu Uganda,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ugandafeministforum.org/team-member/godiva-monica-akullo/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-04-03 |archive-date=2024-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222195435/http://ugandafeministforum.org/team-member/godiva-monica-akullo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=McArdle |first=Elaine |title=LL.M.s for LGBT Rights |url=https://hls.harvard.edu/today/ll-m-s-for-lgbt-rights/ |access-date=2026-09-24 |website=Harvard Law School |language=en-us}}</ref> gwebebuzaako ku nsonga za Sexuality, Gender n'amateeka, n'eddembe ly'abantu, era musomesa w'amateeka.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web}}</ref> == Emisomo == Basomera ku [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Yunivasitte ye Makerere]] mu Uganda era nebatikibwa ne diguli ye by'amateeka, Dipulooma mu Legal Practice okuva mu [[:en:Law_Development_Centre|Law Development]] mu Uganda(LDC). Balina Diguli y'Obukugu mu Mateeka okuva mu[[:en:Harvard_University|Yunivasitte ya Havard]].<ref name=":1">https://africanfeminism.com/inspiring-african-feminists-interview-with-godiva-akullo/</ref> == Article ezi fulumiziddwa == Godiva Akullo yafulumya artice nyingi omuli; * ''Omulundi omulala: Bannabyabufuzi ba Uganda Politicians Stoking Anti-LGBTQ+ Sentiment okusigala mu buyinza''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-21 |title=Muck Rack {{!}} For journalists and public relations |url=https://muckrack.com/godiva-akullo/articles |access-date=2026-09-24 |website=muckrack.com |language=en}}</ref> * ''Uganda: Eteekamu amaanyi mu anti-LGBTQI sentiment okusigala mu buyinza''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kagumire |first=Godiva Akullo,Rosebell |title=Uganda: Fueling anti-LGBTQI sentiment to stay in power |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2021/6/19/the-ugandan-government-pernicious-use-of-anti-lgbtqi-policies |access-date=2026-09-24 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> * ''Abo b'akiliisa maanyi n'abatta abakyala naawe bajya kuta''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-29 |title=Those who rape and kill women will murder you too |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/oped/commentary/those-who-rape-and-kill-women-will-murder-you-too-1743600 |access-date=2026-09-24 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Laba ne == # [[Dorcus Acen]] # [[:en:Kasha_Jacqueline_Nabagesera|Kasha Jacqueline Nabagesera]] # [[Stella Nansikombi Makubuya]] # [[Clare Byarugaba]] # [[:en:Richard_Lusimbo|Richard Lusimbo]] # [[:en:Julie_Mutesasira|Julie Mutesasira]] == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Bannayuganda abasomesa]] [[Category:Abasomesa]] s9gmh0o8cwqhmv4db0eeqjwect1cnmp Annettee Nakimuli 0 10537 75264 73642 2026-09-24T23:19:41Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75264 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Annettee Olivia Nakimuli''' Munnayuganda omujanjabi w'abaana abazaaliddwa ne ba maama baabwe (obstetrician), musaawo w'abakyala, munoonyereza ku by'amadagala, muyivu, administrator w'abayivu. Okuva 17 Ogwokubiri 2021, aweereza nga [[:en:Dean_(education)|Dean]] wa [./Https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makerere_University_School_of_Medicine Makerere University School of Medicine], e ttendekero ly'abasawo elisinga obukulu mu [[:en:East_Africa|East Africa]]. Aweereza nga omukulu wa Dipaatimenti ya Obstetrics ne Gynecology mu somero ely'amadagala ly'elimu, ekiffo ky'aweerezaamu okuva mu mwaka gwa 2016.<ref name="1R">https://web.archive.org/web/20210723225053/http://som.mak.ac.ug/dr-nakimuli-takes-over-leadership-of-school-of-medicine/</ref> Ye Pulezidenti wa [[:en:ECSACOG|East, Central and Southern Africa College of Obstetrics and Gynecology]].<ref>https://ecsacog.org/ecsacog-council/</ref> == Ebyayita n'emisomo == Yazaalibwa mu [[:en:Central_Region,_Uganda|Bitundu bya Buganda mu Uganda]]. Nga amaliriza okusoma mu masomero ga Pulayimale ne Siniya, yayingizibwa mu [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Yunivasitti ya Makerere]] okusomesa amadagala g'abantu. Diguli ye eyasooka yali ya [[:en:Bachelor_of_Medicine_and_Bachelor_of_Surgery|Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery]] (MBChB). Diguli ye eya [[:en:Master_of_Medicine|Master of Medicine]] in [[:en:Obstetrics|Obstetrics]] and [[:en:Genecology|Genecology]] (MMed Obs & Gyn) yagifunira Makerere. Oluvanyuma, yatikibwa diguli ya[[:en:Doctor_of_Philosophy|Doctor of Philosophy]] (PhD) okuva mu Yunivasitte ya Makerere University nga ekwatagana ne [[:en:University_of_Cambridge|University of Cambridge]].<ref name="2R"/> Dissertation ye eya PhD thesis yatuumibwa ''"The Role of Natural Killer Cells in Pre-eclampsia in an African Population"''.<ref name="3R">https://web.archive.org/web/20230112153153/https://mesau.mak.ac.ug/content/dr-annettee-olivia-nakimuli-phd-defence-role-natural-killer-cells-pre-eclampsia-african-popu</ref> == Emirimu == Nakimuli munnonyereza ku nzijamjaba y'abantu mu buzibu bw'embuto, nga yetegereza [[:en:Pre-eclampsia|pre-eclampsia]] ne [[:en:Eclampsia|eclampsia]] eziri mu ba sub-Saharan African women. Emilimu gye, ne baakolagana nabo okuva mu [[:en:University_of_Cambridge|University of Cambridge]] bazuula genetic locus, eyekwasaganya n'obukuumi obuva mu pre-eclampsia (Nakimuli et al., PNAS 2015). Ekitundu ky'anssomabuzaale kino kinyonyoddwa okuba mwabo abantu bokka ab'obujaja bwa Afirika. Emirimu emirala gikyagenda mu maaso mu kifo kino.<ref name="2R"/> == Obuvunaanyizibwa obulala == Mu busobozi bwe nga dean we somero ly'amadagala ku Makerere University Medical School, mu ttendekoro lya Yunivasitte ye Makerere elya Sayansi w'obulamu, Nakimuli aweereza nga sentebe wa dipaatimenti ya obstetrics ne gynecology mu somero ly'elimu elya madagala. Bamwebuuzaako mu nsonga za obstetrics ne gynecology mu [[:en:Mulago_National_Referral_Hospital|Mulago National Referral Hospital]], eddwaliro elisomesa elya [[:en:Makerere_University_School_of_Medicine|Makerere University School of Medicine]].<ref name="2R">https://web.archive.org/web/20210926061346/https://som.mak.ac.ug/our_team/dr-annet-olivia-nakimuli/</ref> Aweereza ku committee ez'enjawulo ezomumawanga ge bweru ne munda mu gwanga, including: * Uganda Maternal and Newborn Technical working group, Steering Committee of the MultiOmics for Mothers and Infants (MOMI) Consortium at the [[:en:Bill_and_Melinda_Gates_Foundation|Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation]].<ref name="2R"/> * Yaweerezaako nga omumyuuka wa Pulezidenti wa East Central and Southern Africa College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (ECSACOG) elyagulwaawo mu mwaka gwa 2017".<ref name="2R"/> == Enkulaakulana ez'akabaawo == Mu fourth quarter ya calendar year 2021, Associate Professor Nakimuli yaweebwa five-year research grant eya US$1 million, okuva mu [[:en:Gates_Foundation|Gates Foundation]]. Fellowship ya ''Calestous Juma Science Leadership Fellowship'', enoonyereza ku "Great Obstetrical Syndromes"(GOS), omuli intrauterine growth retardation, okuzaala abaana abafu(stillbirth), okuzaala abaana aba tanetuuka(preterm birth), pre-eclampsia and eclampsia, mu bakyaala b'ensibuko ya[[Afirika]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://news.mak.ac.ug/2021/11/assoc-prof-annettee-nakimuli-wins-us1m-grant-for-maternal-health-research/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-04-05 |archive-date=2024-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513171838/https://news.mak.ac.ug/2021/11/assoc-prof-annettee-nakimuli-wins-us1m-grant-for-maternal-health-research/ |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://news.mak.ac.ug/2021/11/assoc-prof-annettee-nakimuli-wins-us1m-grant-for-maternal-health-research/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-04-05 |archive-date=2024-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240513171838/https://news.mak.ac.ug/2021/11/assoc-prof-annettee-nakimuli-wins-us1m-grant-for-maternal-health-research/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ebiwaandiko ebilondedwamu == *  Annettee Nakimuli; Olympe Chazara; Susan E Hilby; et al. (5 Ogusooka 2015), "A KIR B centromeric region eli mu ba Firika naye si mu Bangereza eziyiza abakyala b'enbuto eri pre-eclampsia<nowiki>''</nowiki>. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the Unites States of America. 112 (3): 845_850. Bibcode:2015PNAS..112..845N. doi:10.1073/PNAS.1413453112.ISSN 0027-8424.PMC 4311823. PMID 25561558. Wikidata Q35031374. * Voices from the frontline: eby'azuulibwa okuva mu thematic analysis of a rapid online global survey of maternal and newborn health professionals facing the COVID-19 pandemic. Omusomo guno gw'azuula amabanga agaliwo mu kulagirira mu nkwasaganya y'ensonga z'abembuto ezilimu n'ezitaliimu COVID-19.<ref>https://gh.bmj.com/content/5/6/e002967</ref> * Okwetaba kw'abaami mu biseera by'olubuto n'okuzaala: endowooza z'abaami, ebikolwa n'obukugu mu bissera by'okulabirira abakazi abafuna obuzibu mu kuzaala mu Ddwalro lye Mulago, Uganda. Omusomo guno gwaleeta amamuwulire ku ngeri obuvaanizibwa gy'ebulabirwamu, ebisuubilwa, okumanya n'ebizibu ebiyitibwamu abasajja abandiyagadde okwetaba mu nsonga z'obulamu mu benbuto, okusingila ddala mu kissera ky'olubuto n'okuzaala.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3916059</ref> * A Risk prediction model for the assessment and triage of women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in low-resourced settings: The miniPIERS (Pre-eclampsia Integrated Estimate of RiSk) multi-country prospective cohort study. Ekiwandiiko kyazuula obusobozi okuzuula abakazi ku buzbu obweyongeddemu nsonga enenen ez'abenbuto eze kwasaganya ku hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3897359</ref> * Engeri COVID-19 jyakosamu ab'enbutto, abaana bawere(neonatal), abato, n'empeereza ya sexual ne reproductive health services mu Kampala, Uganda.<ref>https://gh.bmj.com/content/6/8/e006102</ref> * Okukuuma obuwanguzi bwa ba maama n'abaana abakazaalibwa mu nsi ezitanakulaakulana n'ezikula obukuzi mu maaso ga COVID-19: okuyita kw'obuwereza bw'obukuumi. Omusomo gw'ateesa okugaba obuyambi okubezaawo ensonga z'obuwereza enkulu wano n'enteekateeka ez'ebikolwa eby'amanagu ebya COVID-19 by'etaagisa okuleeta obwangu mu kukwata n'okutereeza mu mpeereza y'ebintu mu kudamu eri embeela ez'enjawulu mu nkuuka kyuuka ne mu siteegi z'ekilwadde.<ref>https://gh.bmj.com/content/5/6/e002754</ref> * Embuto, parturition ne preeclampsia mu bakyala abasibuks mu Afirika. Mu birala omusomo gwategeeza nti mulimu pulesa ez'amanyi mu biseera by'embuto n'okuzaala mu ba Firika.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4046649</ref> * Okutegeera ku bubunero obubi ku lubuto kilaga obwetegefu mu kuzaala? Endowooza z'abakyala abawereddwa ebitanda nga embuto zaabwe zilina obuzibu. Pmusomo gw'ateeka esira ku nsonga z'okusooka okudikira ensonga ezitalinda/okwetegekera embuto eziliko obulemu mu biseera by'okunweramu eddagala.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4197291</ref> * Abaana abafiira mu buto nga tebanazalibwa, abaana abafa nga tebanazalibwa ne neonatal near miss cases (case z'abaana abazalibwa nga baliko obuzibu bungi) bivudde ku buzibu obunji mu obstetric: Okunoonyereza okukolebwa mu ma lwaaliro amanene mu Uganda. Omusomo guno gwalaga nti antepartum hemorrhage, ruptured uterus, severe preeclampsia, eclampsia, and the syndrome of Hemolysis, Elevated Liver Enzymes, Low Platelets (HELLP syndrome), byongeza okufa mu baana abawere (abaana abafiira mu lubuto nga tebanazaalibwa oba abafa nga bakazaalibwa).<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4416266</ref> * Abakyala okufiira mu leeba or nga bakazaala (Maternal near misses) mu ma lwaliro amanene abiri mu Uganda: Esomo eriri ku incidence, determinants and prognostic factors.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4731977</ref> * Obuzito obuva mu kuzaala (maternal morbidity and mortality) obuva ku buzibu obuleetebwa nga entunnunsi ziri waggulu nyo (hypertensive disorders) mu biseera by'olubuto: Okunoonyereza okukolebwa mu Uganda.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4973370</ref> * ‘Tetugenda ku galawo, kubanga tetusobola kwongezaayo mbuto: omusomo g'okulabirira abakyala b'embuto mu waadi mukaaga enene munsi nya ez'omu sub-Saharan African countries mu biseera by'ekirwadde kya COVID-19.<ref>https://gh.bmj.com/content/7/2/e008063</ref> * KIR2DS5 allotypes that recognize the C2 epitope of HLA-C bisangibwa mu ba Firika nga tebiri mu bangereza. Esomo lino lyazuula nti ''KIR2DS5*005'' has the ''KIR2DS5'' consensus sequence and was the only allele found at both centromeric and telomeric locations of ''KIR2DS5.''<ref>http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iid3.178</ref> * Variations in killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor and human leukocyte antigen genes and immunity to malaria.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7294524</ref> * Effect of a novel vital sign device on maternal mortality and morbidity in low-resource settings: a pragmatic, stepped-wedge, cluster-randomised controlled trial.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6379820</ref> * Time trends in and factors associated with repeat adolescent birth in Uganda: Analysis of six demographic and health surveys.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7156070</ref> * Relative impact of pre-eclampsia on birth weight in a low resource setting: A prospective cohort study.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7450268</ref> == Laba ne == * [[:en:Uganda_Ministry_of_Health|Minisitule y'ebyobulamu mu Uganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == == Ebijuliziddwa wa bweru wa Wikipediya == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240419083710/https://chs.mak.ac.ug/ Website of Makerere University College of Health Sciences] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Makerere University]] [[Category:Buganda]] p2dm2h1c5y89313aouwl2qoh60sfo88 BBC News 0 10800 75266 66797 2026-09-24T23:31:08Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75266 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''BBC News''' kitongole kya bizinensi ekikola emirimu <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 2014 |title=News Group Senior Management |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230043836/http://www.bbc.co.uk/aboutthebbc/insidethebbc/managementstructure/bbcstructure/journalism.html |archive-date=30 December 2016 |access-date=21 December 2014 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> eky’ekitongole kya Bungereza ekikola ku mpewo ekya [[British Broadcasting Corporation]] (BBC) ekivunaanyizibwa ku kukungaanya n’okuweereza amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu Bungereza n’ensi yonna. Ekitongole kino kye kitongole ekisinga obunene mu nsi yonna mu kuweereza amawulire ku mpewo era buli lunaku kikola ku leediyo ne ttivvi okumala essaawa nga 120, wamu n’okuweereza amawulire ku yintaneeti. <ref name="Boaden">{{Cite news |last=Boaden |first=Helen |date=18 November 2004 |title=NewsWatch – About BBC News – This is BBC News |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217084131/http://news.bbc.co.uk/newswatch/ukfs/hi/newsid_3970000/newsid_3975900/3975913.stm |archive-date=17 February 2011 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Content |url=http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070227135731/http://www.westminsterjournalism.co.uk/Broadcast06/BBC/BBCNewsIntro.html |archive-date=27 February 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Empeereza eno erina bannamawulire abasoba mu 5,500 abakola mu bifulumizibwa byayo byonna omuli ne mu bitongole by’amawulire eby’ebweru 50 ng’abawandiisi b’amawulire ab’ebweru abasoba mu 250 be basimbye.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Herbert J |first=John |date=11 February 2013 |title=Practising Global Journalism: Exploring Reporting Issues Worldwide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=9781136029868 |at=Chapter 1, Page 24 |access-date=6 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132749/https://books.google.com/books?id=2fFsAAAAQBAJ&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&pg=PA24#v=snippet&q=the%20bbc%20has%20correspondents%20in%20nearly%20every%20country&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Deborah Turness]] y’abadde akulira eby'amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso okuva mu Gwomwenda 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A message to staff from Deborah Turness, CEO BBC News and Current Affairs |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206162356/https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2022/bbc.com/mediacentre/articles/2022/deborah-turness-message-to-staff-first-day/ |archive-date=6 December 2022 |access-date=6 December 2022 |publisher=BBC |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2019, kyategeezebwa mu lipoota ya [[Ofcom]] nti BBC yasaasaanya obukadde bwa pawundi 136 ku mawulire mu kiseera ky'Ogwokuna 2018 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 October 2019 |title=Review of BBC news and current affairs |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504045751/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/173734/bbc-news-review.pdf |archive-date=4 May 2020 |access-date=8 June 2022 |publisher=Ofcom |page=31}}</ref> Ebitongole bya BBC News eby’amawulire ag’omunda, mu nsi yonna ne ku yintaneeti bibeera mu kisenge ekisinga obunene eky’amawulire ekikola obutereevu mu Bulaaya, mu [[Broadcasting House]] mu masekkati ga London. Ebikwatibwa ku paalamenti bifulumizibwa era ne biragibwa ku mpewo okuva mu situdiyo mu kibuga London. Nga bayita mu mikutu gy'ebitundu by'omu Bungereza ogwa [[BBC English Regions]], BBC era erina ebifo by’ebitundu okwetoloola Bungereza n’ebifo eby’amawulire eby’eggwanga mu Northern Ireland, Scotland ne Wales. Amawanga gonna n’ebitundu by’Abangereza bikola pulogulaamu zaago ez’amawulire ez’omu kitundu n’enteekateeka endala ezikwata ku bigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga n’ebyemizannyo. BBC [[kitongole ekyetwaala mu ngeri emu]] nga obuyinza obw'okuba n'obwetwaze buno obw'ekitundu bw'akiweebwa [[obuyinza okuva mu bwakabaka]] ekigifuula nga yeetongodde ku gavumenti mu nkola. We bwatuukira mu 2024, BBC yatuuka ku bantu obukadde 450 buli wiiki, nga BBC World Service ekola abantu obukadde 320.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-22 |title=BBC's global reach "remains resilient" |url=https://www.advanced-television.com/2024/07/22/bbcs-global-reach-remains-resilient/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Telecompaper |url=https://www.telecompaper.com/news/bbc-increases-global-audience-to-450-million-people-a-week--1507128 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Telecompaper}}</ref> '''<big>Emyaka egyasooka</big>''' Kkampuni ya Bungereza eno eya [[British Broadcasting Company]] yakola ku mpewo era yafulumya eggulire lyayo eryasooka ku leediyo okuyita ku leediyo ya [[2LO]] nga 14 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1922. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Burke |first=Professor of Cultural History and Fellow of Emmanuel College Peter |date=29 July 2005 |title=A Social History of the Media: From Gutenberg to the Internet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132 |last2=Briggs |first2=Asa |last3=Burke |first3=Peter |publisher=Polity |isbn=978-0-7456-3511-8 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132653/https://books.google.com/books?id=OoxsKnfVzLwC&q=The+British+Broadcasting+Company+broadcast+its+first+radio+bulletin+from+radio+station+2LO+on+14+November+1922&pg=PA132#v=snippet&q=The%20British%20Broadcasting%20Company%20broadcast%20its%20first%20radio%20bulletin%20from%20radio%20station%202LO%20on%2014%20November%201922&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Olw’okwagala okwewala okuvuganya, abaali bafulumya empapula z’amawulire abalala baamatiza gavumenti okuwera BBC okuweereza amawulire ng’essaawa emu tezinnatuuka, n’okugikaka okukozesa [[News agency|wire service]] copy mu kifo ky’okukola lipoota ku bwayo. [ 11 ] . BBC yagenda efuna eddembe okukola entereeza ku mpapula zaayo era mu 1934, yatondawo ekitongole kyayo eky’amawulire. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=1950s British TV Milestones |url=http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070427124228/http://www.whirligig-tv.co.uk/tv/history/history.htm |archive-date=27 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Wabula teyasobola kuweereza mawulire nga ssaawa kkuminabbiri tezinntuuka okutuusa mu [[Ssematalo II]].[11]. Ng’oggyeeko amawulire, Gaumont British ne Movietone cinema [[newsreels]] zaali ziragibwa ku mpeereza ya TV okuva mu 1936, nga BBC efulumya pulogulaamu yaayo eyenkanankana ne ''[[Television Newsreel]]'' okuva mu Gwoluberebrye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Martin |date=October 2004 |title=The Development of Communication Between the Government, the Media and the People in Britain, 1945–51 |url=http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601040326/http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1759/1/U192411.pdf |archive-date=1 June 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The London School of Economics and Political Science}}</ref> Ekitongole ''ky’amawulire ekya Children’s Newsreel'' ekya buli wiiki kyatongozebwa nga 23 Ogwokuna 1950, eri abantu nga 350,000 abaali bafuna amawulire. <ref name=":02" /> Omukutu guno gwatandika okuweereza amawulire gaagwo ku leediyo mu kiseera kye kimu ne ku ttivvi mu 1946, nga guliko ekifaananyi kya [[Big Ben]] . <ref name="crisell1997">{{Cite book |last=Crisell, Andrew |year=1997 |title=An Introductory History of British Broadcasting |url=https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415-12802-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/introductoryhist00cris/page/n31 15], 26–27, 92 |url-access=limited}}</ref> Ebiwandiiko ebyali bifulumira ku ttivvi byatandika nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954, nga biragibwa okuva mu situdiyo ezaali zipangisibwa munda mu [[Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] mu London. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexandra Palace – A History of the Palace |url=http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070404014257/http://www.alexandrapalace.com/history.html |archive-date=4 April 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Abantu okwagala ennyo ttivvi eno n'ebyali biragibwako, obutereevu kwava nnyo ku okutuuzibwa kwa [[Elizabeth II]] ku ntebe mu 1953. Kiteeberezebwa nti okutuuka ku bukadde 27 obw'abantu <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV Landmark Dates |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070506033602/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/landmark.html |archive-date=6 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> baalaba pulogulaamu eno mu Bungereza, ne basinga abawuliriza ba leediyo abaali obukadde 12 omulundi ogwasooka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1953 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070525193855/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1953.htm |archive-date=25 May 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007 |website=[[Chronomedia]] |publisher=Terra Media}}</ref> Ebifaananyi ebyo obutereevu byali biva kkamera 21 mu masekkati ga London okutuuka [[Alexandra Palace television station|mu lubiri lwa Alexandra]] okubitambuza, n’oluvannyuma ne bitwalibwa ku byuma ebirala ebya Bungereza ne biggulwawo mu budde olw’omukolo guno. <ref>{{Cite web |title=1950 |url=http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927204504/http://www.thevalvepage.com/tvyears/articals/coronation/arrangements/arrangements.htm |archive-date=27 September 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> Omwaka ogwo, waaliwo [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom (historical)#Number of licences issued|Layisinsi za TV eziwera obukadde bubiri ezaakuumibwa mu Bungereza]], ne zirinnya okutuuka ku bukadde obusukka mu busatu omwaka ogwaddako, ate obukadde buna n’ekitundu we bwatuukira mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Owens |first=Edward |date=2019 |title=The Family Firm: monarchy, mass media and the British public, 1932–53 |url=https://archive.org/details/4153371f-f303-486d-ba0c-40aba377b9b1 |publisher=University of London Press |isbn=978-1-909646-94-0 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/4153371f-f303-486d-ba0c-40aba377b9b1/page/331 331]–372 |chapter='This time I was THERE taking part' |jstor=j.ctvkjb3sr.12}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1950''' Amawulire ga ttivvi wadde nga mu kulaba awo gaawukana ku ga leediyo, gaali gakyafugibwa nnyo amawulire ga leediyo mu myaka gya 1950. Abawandiisi baawa lipoota ku mikutu gyombi, era ekiwandiiko ekyasooka okulagibwa ku ttivvi, ekyalagibwa nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 1954 ku [[BBC One|mpeereza ya ttivvi ya BBC]] mu kiseera ekyo era nga kyanjulwa [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]], kyalimu okuwa kwe okunyonnyola ku biba ebweru w’olutimbe ng’eno ebifaananyi biragibwa. <ref>{{Cite news |title=The BBC performs painful internal surgery |url=https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521142154/https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/01/30/the-bbc-performs-painful-internal-surgery |archive-date=21 May 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}</ref> Kino olwo kyaddirirwa ''Television Newsreel'' ey’ennono n’okunnyonnyola okwakwatibwa okwakolebwa [[John Snagge]] (era ku mirundi emirala [[Andrew Timothy]] ). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Snagge |first=AUTHOR: John |title=Announcing from the inside |url=https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251107122045/https://transdiffusion.org/2016/12/12/announcing-from-the-inside/ |archive-date=7 November 2025 |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Transdiffusion |language=en-GB}}</ref> Abaali basomera amawulire ku ttivi baayanjulwa oluvannyuma lw’omwaka gumu mu 1955 – [[Kenneth Kendall]] (eyasooka okulabika), [[Robert Dougall]], ne [[Richard Baker (broadcaster)|Richard Baker]] —nga wabulayo wiiki ssatu [[ITN]] etongoze nga 21 Ogwomwenda 1955. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2012 |title=Obituary: Kenneth Kendall, newsreader and presenter |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001204817/https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-kenneth-kendall-newsreader-and-presenter-1596900 |archive-date=1 October 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Scotsman |language=en}}</ref> Enkola ya ttivvi enkulu yali etandise okuva mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra mu 1950 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1950 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016210036/http://terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1950.htm |archive-date=16 October 2007 |access-date=8 October 2007}}</ref> okugenda mu bifo ebinene, okusinga mu [[Lime Grove Studios|Situdiyo za Lime Grove]] mu [[Shepherd's Bush|Shepherd’s Bush]], mu Bugwanjuba bwa London, okufuna ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga (mu kiseera ekyo ekyali kimanyiddwa nga Talks Department) nayo. Wano we wava ''[[Panorama (TV series)|Panorama]]'' eyasooka, pulogulaamu empya ey'ebiwandiiko, n'efulumizibwa nga 11 Ogwekkuminoogumu 1953, nga [[Richard Dimbleby]] yeeyafuuka omuweereza waayo mu 1955. <ref>{{Cite news |title=In pictures: Past Faces of Panorama |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820055940/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/pop_ups/08/programmes_past_faces_of_panorama/html/1.stm |archive-date=20 August 2017 |access-date=9 April 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1958, [[Hugh Carleton Greene]] yafuuka akulira ekitongole ky'Amawulire n'Ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=In+1958,+Hugh+Carleton+Greene+became+head+of+News+and+Current+Affairs&pg=PA78 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1960''' Nga 1 Ogwolubereberye 1960, Greene yafuuka [[Director general|Dayirekita Omukulu]] . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Tight |first=Malcolm |date=2012 |title=Education for Adults |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-68517-7 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132647/https://books.google.com/books?id=DRPPJqqHTQoC&q=On+1+January+1960,+Greene+became+Director-General+and+brought+about+big+changes+at+BBC+Television+and+BBC+Television+News&pg=PA46#v=onepage&q=On%201%20January%201960%2C%20Greene%20became%20Director-General%20and%20brought%20about%20big%20changes%20at%20BBC%20Television%20and%20BBC%20Television%20News&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> Greene yakola enkyukakyuka ezaali zigendereddwamu okufuula amawulire ga BBC okufaananako naag’omuvuganya waayo ITN, eyali efunyiddwako ekipimo ekinene okusinziira ku bibiina by’okunoonyereza ebyali ebya Greene. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://archive.org/details/publicissueradio0000chig |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK |isbn=978-0-230-34645-1 |editor-last=Chignell |editor-first=Hugh |pages=[https://archive.org/details/publicissueradio0000chig/page/80 80]–100 |language=en |chapter=The Reinvention of Radio – The 1960s |doi=10.1057/9780230346451_5}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kyatondebwawo mu lubiri lwa Alexandra, abasasi ba ttivvi ne bawandiikibwa ne baweebwa omukisa okuwandiika n’okuwata amaloboozi g'ebiwanddiko byabwe byabwe, nga tebalina kuwandiika mboozi ne ku leediyo . <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC at Alexandra Palace < Alexandra Palace |url=https://www.alexandrapalace.com/our-history/bbc-at-the-palace/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=Alexandra Palace |language=en-GB}}</ref> Nga 20 Ogwomukaaga 1960, [[Nan Winton]], omukyala eyasooka okuba omusomi w'amawulire ku mutimbagano gwa BBC, yalabika mu mpewo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2019 |title=Nan Winton, the first woman to read the national news on BBC television |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200330185500/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/nan-winton-death-age-bbc-newsreader-female-age-cause-dead-obituary-a8929606.html |archive-date=30 March 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> 19 Ogwomwenda 1960 lwe lwatandika pulogulaamu y'amawulire ga leediyo n'ensonga ezikwata ku mulembe ''The Ten O'clock News'' . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Chignell |first=Hugh |date=2 September 2011 |title=Public Issue Radio: Talks, News and Current Affairs in the Twentieth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kviak52wjXsC&q=bbc+news+the+start+of+the+radio+news+and+current+affairs+programme+The+Ten+O'clock+News&pg=PA83 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-0-230-24739-0 |language=en}}</ref> [[BBC Two|BBC2]] yatandika okuweereza nga 20 Ogwokuna 1964 era n'etandika okuweereza pulogulaamu empya nga ''[[Newsroom (BBC programme)|Newsroom]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |title=House of Lords – Communications – Minutes of Evidence |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160952/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200708/ldselect/ldcomuni/122/8040202.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> ''[[The World at One]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu biseera by’ekyemisana, yatandika nga 4 Ogwekkumi, 1965 ku Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, era omwaka nga tegunnatuuka ''News Review'' yali etandikidde ku ttivvi. ''News Review'' yali mu bufunze amawulire agaabanga gafudde wiiki mu bufunze, agasooka okulagibwa ku Ssande, 26 Ogwokuna 1964 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronomedia: 1964 |url=http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303014530/http://www.terramedia.co.uk/Chronomedia/years/1964.htm |archive-date=3 March 2007 |access-date=3 April 2007}}</ref> ku BBC 2 era nga gadda mu kifo kya ''Newsreel Review of the Week eyali eya'' buli wiiki, eyafulumizibwa okuva mu 1951, okuggulawo pulogulaamu ku Ssande akawungeezi–enjawulo eri nti okulaga kuno kwalina ebigambo ebitonotono ebyalagibwanga waggulu nga biyamba bakiggala n’abatawulira bulungi. Nga guno bwe gwali emyaka kkumi nga tegunnabaawo kukola biwandiiko biwandiikiddwa byuma bikalimagezi, buli superimposition ("super") yalina okufulumizibwa ku lupapula oba kaadi, okukwatagana nesitudiyo n'obutambi [[Footage|bw'amawulire]], okwewaayo okukwata ku butambi mu biseera by'emisana, n'okulagibwa ku mpewo akawungeezi nga bukyali. Ekyavaamu Ssande terwali lunaku lwa kasiriikiriro ku nsonga z'amawulire mu [[Alexandra Palace|Lubiri lwa Alexandra]] . Enteekateeka eno yagenda mu maaso okutuusa mu myaka gya 1980 <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516061628/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=16 May 2007 |access-date=16 August 2007}}</ref>  nga olwo baakozesa ebigambo ebiwandiikiddwa ku byuma bikalimagezi, ebimanyiddwa nga Anchor – okusikizibwa [[Ceefax]] subtitling (enkola ya [[Teletext]] efaananako bwetyo), n’okussa omukono ku pulogulaamu nga ''[[See Hear]]'' (okuva mu 1981). Ku Ssande nga 17 Ogwomwenda 1967, ''[[The World This Weekend]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ebigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga eya buli wiiki, yatongozebwa ku kifo ekyali kiyitibwa Home Service mu kiseera ekyo, naye nga mu bbanga ttono yali egenda kubeera [[Radio 4]] . Enteekateeka z’okukola langi zaatandika mu ssizoni eyitibwa Autumn eya 1967 era ku Lwokuna nga 7 Ogwokusatu 1968 nga ''Newsroom'' ku BBC2 yakyusibwa n’egenda mu kifo eky’akawungeezi nga bukyali, n’efuuka pulogulaamu y’amawulire mu Bungereza esoose okuweebwa mu langi <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090424053328/http://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 5] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424053328/http://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1960s.pdf|date=24 April 2009}} BBC Heritage 1960s.</ref>  okuva mu Situdiyo A mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra. ''News Review'' ne ''Westminster'' (ekisembayo kwekenneenya buli wiiki ebigenda mu maaso mu [[Palace of Westminster|Palamenti]] ) "zaali za langi" nga wayiseewo akaseera katono. Naye, bingi ku bintu ebiyingizibwa byali bikyali mu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru, nga mu kusooka ekitundu kyokka ku firimu ezikwata ku firimu ezaakubwa mu London n’ebitundu ebiriraanyewo kyali ku [[Film stock|sitooka]] [[Reversal film|ya firimu ezikyusa]] langi, era byonna ebyaweebwayo mu kitundu n’ensi yonna byali bikyali mu muddugavu n’omweru. Ebifo ebya langi mu Lubiri lwa Alexandra byali bitono nnyo mu by’ekikugu okumala emyezi kkumi na munaana egyaddirira, kubanga yalina ekyuma kimu kyokka ekya [[RCA Corporation|RCA]] color [[Quadruplex videotape]] machine era, okukkakkana nga [[Pye Ltd.|Pye]] [[Diode gun Plumbicon#Plumbicon|plumbicon]] color [[Telecine|telecines]] bbiri –wadde nga empeereza ya langi z’amawulire yatandika n’emu yokka. Ebiwandiiko by'eggwanga eby'omu langi enzirugavu n’enjeru ku BBC 1 byagenda mu maaso n'okusibuka mu Studio B ku nnaku za wiiki, wamu ne ''Town and Around'', pulogulaamu ya London regional " [[opt out]] " eyalagibwa mu myaka gya 1960 gyonna (era pulogulaamu y'amawulire mu kitundu eya BBC eyasooka ku Bukiikaddyo bw'obuvanjuba), okutuusa lwe yatandika okukyusibwamu ''[[Nationwide (TV programme)|mu ggwanga lyonna]]'' ku Lwokubiri okutuuka ku Lwokuna okuva mu Lime Grove Studios ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomwenda 1969. ''Town and Around'' teyali ya kugenda mu Television Center, mu kifo ky’ekyo yafuuka ''London This Week'' eyalagibwanga ku Mmande n’Olwokutaano lwokka, okuva mu situdiyo za TVC empya. <ref>''London This Week'' had started in early 1969 as a once per week "opt out" replacing the Friday edition of ''Town and Around'' {{Cite web |title=TV & Radio Bits: BBC South East: History |url=http://www.tvradiobits.co.uk/ |access-date=21 June 2007}}</ref> Okugenda kuno okudda mu situdiyo entono ng’erina ebikozesebwa ebirungi eby’ekikugu kyasobozesa ''Newsroom'' ne ''News Review'' okukyusa [[back projection]] ne [[Colour-separation overlay|zibikkako okwawula langi]]. Mu myaka gya 1960, [[Communications satellite|empuliziganya ya setilayiti]] yali esoboka; <ref>{{Cite web |title=British TV History – Early Satellite <!--here only the homepage title says "Broadcast" instead (is it better?):-->Relays to/from Britain |url=http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510052949/http://www.tvhistory.btinternet.co.uk/html/early_satellite.html |archive-date=10 May 2011}}</ref> wabula, waaliwo emyaka egiwerako nga okukyusa layini ya digito-store tennasobola kukola nkola eno awatali kusoberwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Farry |first=James |last2=Kirby |first2=David A. |date=2012 |title=The Universe will be televised: space, science, satellites and British television production, 1946–1969 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |url-status=live |journal=History and Technology |volume=28 |issue=3 |pages=311–333 |doi=10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |issn=0734-1512 |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407003253/http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07341512.2012.722795 |archive-date=7 April 2015 |access-date=16 October 2025}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1970''' Nga 14 Ogwomwenda 1970, g'''[[Amawulire g'essaawa esatu]]'' agasooka gaalagibwa ku ttivvi. Robert Dougall yayanjula wiiki esooka okuva mu situdiyo N1 <ref name="Dougall">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>  eyannyonnyolwa ''[[The Guardian]]'' <ref name="bbcnews1">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> nga "ekika ky'obutoffaali obuliko polystyrene padded cell" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Northern Echo: Archive |url=http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092219/http://archive.thenorthernecho.co.uk/2004/7/3/46772.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=17 August 2007}}</ref> amawulire okuba nga gaakyusaibwa okuva ku budde obwasooka obwa ssaawa bbriri ezeekiro ng'okuddamu ku bipimo ebyatuukibwako ITN eby' ''[[ITV News at Ten|amawulire ku ssaawa nnya]]'', eyali yatongozebwa emyaka esatu emabega ku ITV eyali ebavuganya. Richard Baker ne Kenneth Kendall baawaayo wiiki ezaddirira, bwe batyo ne baddamu ebiwandiiko ebyo ebyasooka ku ttivvi eby’omu makkati g’emyaka gya 1950. [[Angela Rippon]] yafuuka omukyala eyasooka okusoma amawulire ku saaawa ssatu mu 1975. Omulimu gwe yali akola ebweru w’amawulire gwali tegukwatagana mu kiseera ekyo, yalabikira ku ''pulogulaamu ya The [[Morecambe and Wise|Morecambe ne Wise]] Christmas Show'' mu 1976 ng’ayimba n’okuzina. <ref name="Dougall2">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=About the Ten O'Clock News |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064328/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/ten/2655185.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=15 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref>Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972. Omuko ogwasooka ogwa ''[[John Craven]] ogwa Newsround'', mu kusooka gwali gugendereddwamu okuba omumpi kyokka oluvannyuma ne gutuumibwa erinnya lya ''[[Newsround]]'', nga gwava mu situdiyo ya N3 nga 4 Ogwokuna 1972.Ebiwandiiko by’amawulire ebya ttivvi eby’emisana mu makkati n’enkomerero y’emyaka gya 1970 byalagibwanga okuva mu kisenge ky’amawulire ekya BBC kyennyini, okusinga mu emu ku situdiyo z’amawulire essatu. Omusomi w’amawulire yasomeranga ku kkamera ng’atudde ku mabbali g'emmeeza; emabega we abakozi baali balabibwa nga bakola emirimu mingi ku mmeeza zaabwe. Ekiseera kino kyali kikwatagana n’ekiseera ag'esaawa essatu lwe gaafuna enkyukakyuka yaago eyaddako, era nga gandikozesezza ekifaanayi ky'emabega ekya CSO ey’ekisenge ky’amawulire okuva mu kkamera eyo yennyini buli wiiki akawungeezi. Era mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1970, amawulire ag’ekiro ku BBC2 gaakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa mu bufunze ''Newsnight'', naye kino tekyali kya kuwangaala, oba okuba pulogulaamu y’emu nga bwe tumanyi leero – nti yanditongozeddwa mu 1980  era mu bbanga ttono kyadda mu bufunze bw'amawulire gokka ng'amawulire ga BBC2 ag'akawungeezi gaagaziwa ne gafuuka ''Newsday''. Amawulire ku leediyo gaali ga kukyuka mu myaka gya 1970, n’okusingira ddala ku leediyo 4, nga gaaleetebwa okutuuka kw’omuwandiisi omupya Peter Woon okuva mu mawulire ga ttivvi n’okussa mu nkola lipoota ya ''Broadcasting in the Seventies''. Mu bino mwalimu okuyingiza abawandiisi mu biwandiiko by’amawulire nga emabegako omusomi w’amawulire yekka ye yandibadde ayanjula, wamu n’okussaamu ebirimu ebikung’aanyiziddwa mu nteekateeka. Pulogulaamu empya nazo zaayongerwa ku nteekateeka ya buli lunaku, ''[[PM (Radio 4)|PM]]'' ne ''[[The World Tonight]]'' ng'ezimu ku nteekateeka za ttivi okufuuka "omukutu gw'okwogera wonna". <ref name="bbcnews12">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1970s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064331/http://news.bbc.co.uk/aboutbbcnews/spl/hi/history/noflash/html/1970s.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''[[Newsbeat]]'' yatongozebwa nga empeereza y'amawulire ku [[BBC Radio 1|Radio 1]] nga 10 Ogwomwenda 1973. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf History of the BBC – key dates page 4] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000032/https://www.bbc.co.uk/heritage/more/pdfs/1970s.pdf|date=14 June 2007}} BBC Heritage 1970s.</ref> Nga 23 Ogwomwenda 1974, enkola ya [[teletext]] eyatongozebwa okuleeta amawulire ku ntimbe za ttivvi nga bakozesa ebiwandiiko byokka. Mu kusooka bayinginiya baatandika okukola enkola ng’eyo okusobola okutuusa amawulire eri abalabi abatawulira, naye enkola eyo yagaziwa. Empeereza ya [[Ceefax]] yafuuka ya njawulo nnyo nga tennakoma nga 23 Ogwekkumi 2012: teyakoma ku kuba na biwandiiko bitonotono ku mikutu gyonna, era yawa n’amawulire ng’ag'rmbeera y'obudde, ebiseera by’ennyonyi n’okukebera firimu. Emyaka ekkumi we gyaggweerako, enkola y’okukuba ebifaananyi ku firimu okusobola okuyingiza ebintu mu mawulire yali egenda ekendeera, nga tekinologiya wa [[Electronic news gathering|ENG]] yayingizibwa mu Bungereza. Ebyuma ebyo byali byakukendeeza mu kukaluba mu nkozesa yaabyo nga wano BBC okusooka okugezaako kwali kukozesa kkamera ya langi [[Philips|ya Philips]] ng’erina base station y’omu mugongo n’ekyuma ekikwata ebifaananyi [[Sony|ekya Sony]] [[U-matic]] recorder eky’enjawulo mu kitundu ky’emyaka ekkumi eky'emabega. '''Emyaka gya 1980''' Mu 1980, [[Iranian Embassy Siege|okuzingiza ekitebe kya Iran]] kwali kwakubiddwa mu byuma bikalimagezi ttiimu [[Outside broadcasting|y’okuweereza ku mpewo eya BBC Television News Outside]], era omulimu gw’omusasi [[Kate Adie]], ng’aweereza butereevu okuva ku [[South Kensington|Prince’s Gate]], gwasunsulwa okufulumizibwa mu BAFTA actuality, naye ku mulundi guno gwakubwa ITN ku ngule ya 1980. <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA awards 1981] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts.</ref> ''[[Newsnight]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire n’ensonga ezigenda mu maaso mu ggwanga, yali ya kugenda ku mpewo nga 23 Ogwoluberebrye 1980, wadde ng’obutakkaanya mu bibiina by’abakozi bwategeeza nti okugitongoza okuva e Lime Grove kwayongezebwayo wiiki emu. <ref name="bbcnews2">{{Cite news |title=About BBC NEWS – Timeline of events – 1980s |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070208122541/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/newswatch/history/noflash/html/1980s.stm |archive-date=8 February 2007 |access-date=25 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 27 Ogwomunaana 1981 [[Moira Stuart]] yafuuka omukyala omusomi w'amawulire mu Caribbean eyasooka okulabikira ku ttivvi y'e Bungereza. Mu mwaka gwa 1982, tekinologiya wa ENG yali afuuse eyeesigika ekimala okusobozesa Bernard Hesketh okukozesa kkamera ya [[Ikegami Tsushinki|Ikegami]] okukwata o[[Falklands War|lutalo lw'e Falklands]], n'okubunyisa amawulire era ne kimusobozesa okuwangula engule ya " [[Royal Television Society]] Cameraman of the Year" eyaweebwa omukwasi w'ebifaananyi ow'omwaka<ref>{{Cite web |title=RTS Hall of Fame – page 46 |url=http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf#page=36 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060924233153/http://www.rts.org.uk/servedoc.asp?filename=AWARDS1.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007}}</ref> n'okusunsulwa mu [[BAFTA]] <ref>[http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981 BAFTA 1981 awards] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160224131452/http://awards.bafta.org/keyword-search?keywords=1981|date=24 February 2016}} [http://www.bafta.org British Academy of Film and Television Arts] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110831045105/http://www.bafta.org/|date=31 August 2011}}.</ref> omulundi ogwasooka nga BBC News yeesigamye ku kkamera ey'ebyuma, okusinga firimu, mu kitundu ekirimu entalo. BBC News yawangula BAFTA olw'okubunyisa amawulire amatuufu, <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf BAFTA 1982 – page 10] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051210100448/http://www.bafta.org/site/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/import/TV_and_%20Craft_Winners_1980-1989.pdf|date=10 December 2005}} British Academy of Film and Television Arts (PDF).</ref> wabula omukolo guno gufuuka ogujjukirwa mu bigambo bya ttivvi olw'okuwandiika amawulire ga [[Brian Hanrahan]] mwe yayiiya ebigambo "Sikkirizibwa kwogera nnyonyi mmeka ezeegatta ku kikwekweto, naye zonna nnazibala era zonna nga zigenda era nnazibala nga zikomawo" <ref>Barnes, Julian (25 February 2002), [https://www.theguardian.com/falklands/story/0,,657871,00.html "The worst reported war since the Crimean"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132746/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/feb/25/broadcasting.falklands|date=24 November 2023}}, ''The Guardian''.</ref> okuyita mu kulemesebwa olw'obukwakkulizo, era ekifuuse ekijulizibwa ng'ekyokulabirako ky'okukola lipoota ennungi wansi w'okutya okungi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm Media & War – The Falklands Conflict] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929160659/http://www.iwm.org.uk/upload/package/29/mediawar/technolfalk.htm|date=29 September 2006}} Imperial War Museum.</ref> Pulogulaamu ya ttivvi y’ekyenkya eya BBC eyasooka eya ''[[Breakfast Time (British TV programme)|Breakfast Time]]'' nayo yatongozebwa mu myaka gya 1980, nga 17 Ogwolubereberye 1983 okuva mu Lime Grove Studio E era nga wabulayo wiiki bbiri evuganya ne [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] [[TV-am]] . [[Frank Bough]], [[Selina Scott]], ne [[Nick Ross]] baayamba okuzuukusa abalabi n’omusono ogw’okuweereza mu bukkakkamu.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 January 1983 |title=BBC on this day – 17 January. 1983: BBC wakes up to morning TV |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061219140555/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/17/newsid_2530000/2530363.stm |archive-date=19 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> ''Six O'Clock News'' yasooka kulagibwa nga 3 Ogwomwenda 1984, okukkakkana ng'efuuse pulogulaamu y'amawulire esinga okulabibwa mu Bungereza (naye okuva mu 2006 ebadde esukkulumye ku ''[[BBC News at Ten|BBC News ku Ten]]'' ). Mu Gwekkumi 1984, ebifaananyi by’obukadde n’obukadde bw’abantu abaali bafa enjala mu [[1983–1985 famine in Ethiopia|njala eyagwa mu Ethiopia]] byalagibwa mu alipoota za [[Michael Buerk]] owa ''Six O’Clock News'' <ref name="BBCLiveAid">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm "Live Aid: The show that rocked the world"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205000805/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/702700.stm|date=5 December 2008}}.</ref> Aba BBC News be baasooka okuwandiika enjala eno, nga lipoota ya Buerk nga 23 Ogwekkumi egamba nti "enjala eyogerwako Baibuli mu kyasa eky'amakumi abiri" era "ekintu ekisinga okumpi ne ggeyeena ku Nsi". <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Higgins marvels at change in Ethiopia's Tigray province |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918134554/https://www.irishtimes.com/news/ireland/irish-news/higgins-marvels-at-change-in-ethiopia-s-tigray-province-1.1992467 |archive-date=18 September 2018 |access-date=7 January 2018 |work=The Irish Times}}</ref> Alipoota ya BBC News yawuniikiriza Bungereza, n’ekubiriza bannansi baayo okujjuza ebitongole ebidduukirira abantu, nga [[Save the Children]], n’obuyambi, n’okussa essira mu nsi yonna ku buzibu obuli mu Ethiopia. <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 January 2018 |title=Live Aid: Against All Odds: Episode 1 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200524001908/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0078x3n |archive-date=24 May 2020 |access-date=20 December 2019 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Lipoota y'amawulire era yalabibwa [[Bob Geldof]], eyategeka oluyimba lw'abazirakisa olwa " [[Do They Know It's Christmas?]] " okusonda ssente z'okudduukirira enjala nga zigobererwa ekivvulu kya [[Live Aid]] mu Gwomusanvu 1985. <ref name="BBCLiveAid" /> Okutandika mu 1981, BBC yawa omulamwa ogw'awamu mu mawulire gaayo amakulu n'emitwe emipya n'obukuubo obwali bukoleddwa kompyuta nga bukola omwetooloolo <ref>The circle had been a recurring theme of the BBC1 news logo since the start of the ''Nine'' in 1970, as it was thought to fit in nicely with the long-running BBC 1 globe ident, and clock face which normally precedes news broadcasts.</ref> ku kifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu nga kuliko ekiwandiiko "BBC News" ekirabika wansi w'ebifaananyi eby'enkulungo, n'oluyimba lw'omulamwa olulimu ekikomo ne keyboards. Aba ''Omwenda'' baakozesanga ennamba 9 efaananako bwetyo (erimu obukuubo). Ekifaananyi ky'emabega ekimyufu kyakyusibwa n’ekifuulibwa kya bbulu okuva mu 1985 okutuuka mu 1987. Mu mwaka gwa 1987, BBC yali esazeewo okuddamu okussaako akabonero ku mawulire gaayo era n'eddamu okuteekawo okukodyo obw'enjawulo ku buli limu nga galina emitwe n'ennyimba ez'enjawulo, amawulire ga wiikendi n'ennaku enkulu nga ziwandiikiddwa mu sitayiro efaananako ne ''Nine'', wadde nga ennyanjula ya "obukuubo" yasigala ekozesebwa okutuusa mu 1989 ku mirundi ekiwandiiko ky'amawulire we kyalagibwanga okuva mu nsengeka y'enteekateeka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TV Ark: BBC News Report: Zeebrugge ferry disaster from 6&nbsp;March 1987 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095542/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/bbcnews/bbcnationalnewsother.html |archive-date=29 September 2007 |access-date=1 October 2007}}</ref> Mu 1987, [[John Birt, Baron Birt|John Birt]] yazuukiza enkola y’abawandiisi abakolera ku ttivvi ne leediyo ng’atandikawo bannamawulire abakozesa emikutu gy’amawulire ebiri. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Forgan |first=Liz |date=17 October 2000 |title=Comment: Liz Forgan on BBC radio at White City |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153440/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2000/oct/17/broadcasting.bbc |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 1990''' Mu myaka gya 1990, empeereza ez'enjawulo zaatandika okuweebwa BBC News, nga [[BBC World Service Television]] eyayawulwamu n'efuuka [[BBC World]] (amawulire n'ebigenda mu maaso), ne [[BBC Prime]] (eby'amasanyu ebitonotono). Bw’atyo ebirimu ku mukutu gw’amawulire ogw’essaawa 24 byali byetaagisa, ne bigobererwa mu 1997 n’okutongoza omukutu gw’amawulire ogwenkanankana mu ggwanga [[BBC News 24|ogwa BBC News 24]]. Mu kifo ky’okuteekawo amawulire, alipoota ezigenda mu maaso n’okubunyisa amawulire byali byetaagisa okukuuma emikutu gyombi nga gikola era nga kitegeeza nti essira ddene okuteekebwa ku mbalirira ya byombi kyali kyetaagisa. Mu 1998, oluvannyuma lw’emyaka 66 mu Broadcasting House, ekikwekweto kya '''BBC Radio News''' kyasengukira mu [[BBC Television Centre|BBC Television Center]]. <ref>{{Cite news |date=26 June 1998 |title=BBC NEWS – New era for BBC radio news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217064359/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/120791.stm |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=18 August 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Tekinologiya omupya, eyaweebwa [[Silicon Graphics]], yatandika okukozesebwa mu 1993 okuddamu okutongoza amawulire amakulu aga BBC 1, n’akola ekibinja ekirabika (virtual set) ekyalabika ng’ekinene ennyo okusinga bwe kyali mu buliwo. Okuddamu okutongoza era kwaleeta amawulire gonna mu sitayiro y’emu eya set nga waliwo enkyukakyuka entonotono zokka mu langi, emitwe n’ennyimba okwawula buli emu. Ekibumbe kya kompyuta ekyakolebwa mu ndabirwamu ezisaliddwa ek'ekifaanayi kya [[BBC coat of arms|BBC]] kye kyali ekikulu mu mitwe gya pulogulaamu eno okutuusa kkampuni ennene lwe zakyusa erinnya ly’amawulire mu 1999. Mu Gwekkuminoogumu 1997, [[BBC News Online]] yatongozebwa, nga egoberera emikutu gya yintaneeti egy'omuntu ku ssekinnoomu egy'amawulire amakulu nga [[1996 Olympic Games|emizannyo gya Olympics egya 1996]], [[1997 United Kingdom general election|okulonda kwa bonna okwa 1997]], n'okufa [[Death of Diana, Princess of Wales|kw'Omumbejja Diana]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=13 December 2007 |title=10 years of the BBC News website |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200628042938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/629/629/7057140.stm |archive-date=28 June 2020 |access-date=21 September 2022 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu 1999, okuddamu okutongoza okusinga kwaliwo, nga amawulire ga BBC One, BBC World, BBC News 24, ne [[BBC News Online]] byonna byatwala obukodyo obufaanagana. Ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezisinga obukulu kwe kutwala ekifaananyi ky’ekitongole mpolampola mu [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu eza BBC]], nga ziwa sitayiro ey’awamu mu mawulire ga ttivvi za BBC ez’omu kitundu, ez’eggwanga n’ez’ensi yonna. Kuno era kwalimu ''[[Newyddion]]'', pulogulaamu y’amawulire enkulu ey’omukutu [[Welsh language|gw’olulimi Olu Welsh]] [[S4C]], ogwakolebwa BBC News Wales. '''Emyaka gya 2000''' Oluvannyuma lw'okuddamu okutongoza BBC News mu 1999, emitwe gy'amawulire egy'omu kitundu gyateekebwa ku ntandikwa y'amawulire ga BBC One mu 2000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC One London – 1 January 2000 – BBC Genome |url=https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301172301/https://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/schedules/bbcone/london/2000-01-01 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Wabula ebitundu by’e Bungereza byafiirwa eddakiika ttaano ku nkomerero y'amawulire gaabwe, olw’omutwe omupya ogwali gukubiddwa ku ssaawa 18:55. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kevin |first=Deirdre |title=Snapshot: regional and local television in the United Kingdom |url=https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418003313/https://www.vau.net/system/files/documents/GB_Regional_TV_in_the_UK_April2015.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2021 |website=vau.net}}</ref> Mu 2000 era mwe mwali n'ekya amawulire g'essaawa essatu okudda ku ssaawa nnya oba 22:00. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McQueen |first=David |title=A very conscientious brand: A case study of the BBC's current affairs series, Panorama |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204192014/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/4898275.pdf |archive-date=4 December 2017 |website=core.ac.uk}}</ref> Kino kyali mu kwanukula ITN eyali yaakakyusa pulogulaamu yaabwe emanyiddwa ennyo ''[[ITV News at Ten|eya News at Ten]]'' oba Amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okutuuka ku ssaawa 23:00. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 October 2001 |title=BBC news move 'halts decline' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411062848/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1600622.stm |archive-date=11 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |language=en-GB}}</ref> ITN yazzaayo amawulire ku ssaawa nnya okumala akaseera katono kyokka oluvannyuma lw’okuweebwa obubonero obubi bwe yattunka n'amawulire ga BBC ag'essaawa ennya, ekiwandiiko kya ITN kyakyusibwa ne kidda ku ssaawa 22:30, gye kyasigala okutuusa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2008. Okuwummula kwa [[Peter Sissons]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2019 |title=Remembering Peter Sissons, the TV news presenter with unflappable onscreen authority |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418020258/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/peter-sissons-death-tv-news-presenter-itn-bbc-channel-4-question-time-a9142781.html |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> mu 2009 n'okuva kwa [[Michael Buerk]] mu mawulire ku ssaawa nnya<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2002 |title=Buerk quits BBC Ten o'Clock News |url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418011151/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2002/jun/07/bbc.tvnews1 |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=8 March 2021 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> kyavaako enkyukakyuka mu ttiimu eyawaayo obubaka bwa BBC One nga 20 Ogwolubereberye 2003. Amawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri gaafuuka g'akusomwa abantu babiri , [[George Alagiah]] ne [[Sophie Raworth]] oluvannyuma lwa [[Huw Edwards (journalist)|Huw Edwards]] ne [[Fiona Bruce]] okugenda ku g'essaawa ennya. Dizayini empya ey'ekifo awasomerwa amawulire nga kirimu olutimbe olulaga ekifo ekisomerwamu oluyiiye lwatongozebwa, ne luddirirwa nga 16 Ogwokubiri 2004 emitwe gya pulogulaamu empya okukwatagana n’egya BBC News 24. BBC News 24 ne BBC World zaaleeta sitayiro empya ey’okulaga mu mwezi Ogwolubereberye 2003, eyakyusibwamu katono nga 5 Ogwomusanvu 2004 okujjukira emyaka 50 egya BBC Television News. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Heard |first=Chris |date=5 July 2004 |title=Fifty years of TV news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061222142448/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3829605.stm |archive-date=22 December 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Nga 7 Ogwokusatu 2005 dayirekita omukulu [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]] yatongoza pulojekiti ya " [[Creative Futures (BBC)|Creative Futures]] " okuddamu okutegeka ekitongole kino. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 March 2005 |title=BBC starts work on editorial blueprint for the future |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250724171051/https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2005/03_march/07/futures.shtml |archive-date=24 July 2025 |access-date=17 July 2025 |website=BBC}}</ref> Ebifo eby’omuntu ssekinnoomu ku kuba omutereeza w’amawulire g’essaawa ''omusanvu'' ne n'o''mukaaga'' byakyusibwa ne bifuulibwa ekifo ekipya eby’emisana mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2005. Kevin Bakhurst yafuuka Omufuzi eyasooka owa BBC News 24, n’adda mu kifo ky’omuwandiisi. Amanda Farnsworth eyafuuka omuwandiisi w'emisana ate [[Craig Oliver (media executive)|Craig Oliver]] oluvannyuma n'alondebwa okuba omuwandiisi w'amawulire ''g'essaawa ennya.'' Amawulire gaafuna emitwe emipya n’okukola awasomerwa awapya mu Gwokutaano 2006, okusobozesa ''Breakfast'' okusenguka mu situdiyo enkulu omulundi ogwasooka okuva mu 1997. Awasomerwa amawulire awapya waaliwo sikuliini za [[Barco NV|Barco]] eza vidiyo nga kuliko ekifaananyi ky'eggulu lya London emabega eryakozesebwa mu mawulire amakulu era mu kusooka kyali kifaananyi ky'ebire bya cirrus nga biri ku ggulu erya bbulu ku ''ky'enkya'' . Kino oluvannyuma kyakyusibwa oluvannyuma lw’okuyisibwamu amaaso abalabi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=5 June 2006 |title=Breakfast's new look |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061120095948/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/breakfast/5048764.stm |archive-date=20 November 2006 |access-date=3 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Situdiyo eno yafaanagana ne [[ITV News]] eyafulumizibwa ITN mu 2004, wadde nga ITN ekozesa situdiyo [[Colour-separation overlay|ya CSO]] [[Virtual studio|ezitaliiwo mu buliwo]] okusinga screens ezaddala ku BBC News. BBC News yafuuka ekitundu ku kibiina ekipya ekya BBC Journalism mu Gwekkuminoogumu 2006 ng’emu ku nteekateeka z’okuddamu okutegeka BBC. Eyali Dayirekita wa BBC News mu kiseera ekyo, [[Helen Boaden]] yawa alipoota eri omumyuka wa Dayirekita omukulu mu kiseera ekyo era akulira ekibiina kya bannamawulire, [[Mark Byford]] okutuusa lwe yaggyibwa ku mulimu mu 2010. <ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html ''BBC's Mark Byford made redundant'', Neil Midgley, Daily Telegraph,11 October 2010] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013235402/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/tvandradio/bbc/8057696/BBCs-Mark-Byford-made-redundant.html|date=13 October 2017}}.</ref> Nga 18 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2007, ED Mark Thompson yalangirira enteekateeka y'emyaka omukaaga, "Delivering Creative Futures" (esinziira ku pulojekiti ye eyatandika mu Gwokusatu 2005), ng'agatta ekitongole kya ttivvi ekikola ku nsonga z'ebifa mu ggwanga mu kitundu ekipya ekya "News Programmes". <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=Radical reform to deliver a more focused BBC |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020051207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/10_october/18/reform.shtml |archive-date=20 October 2007 |publisher=BBC Press Office}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Hewlett |first=Steve |date=22 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts: look on the bright side |url=http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024120744/http://blogs.guardian.co.uk/organgrinder/2007/10/post_51.html |archive-date=24 October 2007 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Thompson okulangirira, ng’ayanukula olw'enkendeera mu buvujjirizi obwa pawundi obuwumbi bubiri, yagamba nti, tuweerereza ku "BBC entono naye nga nnungi" mu mulembe gwa digito, nga tusala ku musaala gwayo era, mu 2013, n'atunda [[BBC Television Centre|Television Center]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=18 October 2007 |title=BBC cuts back programmes and jobs |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020035603/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7050440.stm#tables |archive-date=20 October 2007 |access-date=25 October 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ebisenge by’amawulire eby’enjawulo eby’emirimu gya ttivvi, leediyo ne ku yintaneeti byagattibwa ne bifuuka ekisenge kimu eky’amawulire eky’emikutu emingi. Okukola pulogulaamu munda mu bisenge by’amawulire kwagattibwa wamu okukola ekitongole ekikola pulogulaamu ez’emikutu emingi. Dayirekita wa [[BBC World Service|BBC World Service,]] Peter Horrocks yagamba nti enkyukakyuka zino zigenda kufuna omugaso mu kiseera kino eky’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya mu BBC. Mu bye yawandiika ku mikutu gye emigatta bantu, yawandiika nti okukozesa eby’obugagga bye bimu mu mikutu egy’enjawulo egy’okuweereza ku mpewo kitegeeza nti emboozi ntono ezisobola okufulumizibwa, oba okugoberera emboozi nnyingi, wandibaddewo engeri ntono ez’okuziweereza ku mpewo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=12 November 2007 |title=Multimedia News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115103603/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2007/11/multimedia_news.html |archive-date=15 November 2007 |access-date=19 December 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Enkola empya ey’okuzannya ebifaananyi ne vidiyo yatongozebwa okufulumya ebiwandiiko bya ttivvi mu Gwolubereberye 2007. Kino kyakwatagana n’ensengeka empya mu mawulire ga BBC World News, abafulumya ebitabo nga baagala ekitundu ekiweereddwayo okwekenneenya amawulire agafulumizibwa. Ekiwandiiko ekipya ekya BBC News ekyasooka okuva ku mawulire g'essaawa ekkuminebbiri kyalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2007 oluvannyuma lw’okuwozesebwa obulungi mu Midlands. <ref>{{Cite news |date=11 July 2007 |title=BBC One gets extra news bulletin |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714232708/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/6291338.stm |archive-date=14 July 2007 |access-date=11 July 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu bufunze, obumala sekondi 90, bubadde bulagibwa ku ssaawa 20:00 ku nnaku za wiiki okuva mu Gwekkumineebiri 2007 era nga bufaanagana ne ''[[60 Seconds]]'' ku [[BBC Three]], kyokka nga mulimu n’emitwe okuva mu bitundu bya BBC eby’enjawulo n’okuwa mu bufunze embeera y’obudde. Ng’emu ku nteekateeka y’okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya ey’ekiseera ekiwanvu, amawulire gakyusibwa ne gatuumibwa ''BBC News ku ssaawam Muanvu'', kkuminabbiri n'ennya mu Gwokuna 2008 ate BBC News 24 n’ekyusibwa erinnya BBC News n’egenda mu situdiyo y’emu ne bulletin ku BBC Television Centre. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Gadher |first=Dipesh |date=13 April 2008 |title=BBC rings changes with news revamp |url=http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907171053/http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/media/article3735982.ece |archive-date=7 September 2008 |access-date=30 April 2009 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC News Channel – 2008 |url=http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510021938/http://www2.tv-ark.org.uk/news/bbcnews24/2008.html |archive-date=10 May 2011 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=TV Ark}}</ref> BBC World yakyusibwa erinnya lya ''BBC World News'' era pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu kitundu nazo zaddamu okulongoosebwa n’engeri empya ey’okulaga, eyakolebwa [[Lambie-Nairn]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Peter Horrocks |date=21 April 2008 |title=BBC NEWS – The Editors Blog – New News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805003251/https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2008/04/new_news.html |archive-date=5 August 2020 |access-date=30 April 2009 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> 2008 era yafuna emikutu esatu egyatongozebwa ku TV, leediyo, ne ku yintaneeti. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uncorrected Evidence m274 |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726153245/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/memo/annual/ucm27402.htm |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom}}</ref> Okusenguka mu situdiyo era kwategeeza nti Studio N9 eyali ekozesebwa ku BBC World yaggalwa, era emirimu gyasenguka ne gigenda mu situdiyo eyasooka eya BBC News 24. Oluvannyuma situdiyo N9 yaddamu okuteekebwateekebwa okutuukana n’akabonero akapya, era n’ekozesebwa mu [[2009 United Kingdom local elections|kulonda kwa BBC okwa Bungereza mu bitundu by’e Bungereza]] n’okulaga [[2009 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom|okulonda kwa Bulaaya]] ku ntandikwa y'Ogwomukaaga 2009. '''Emyaka gya 2010''' Okwekenneenya enkola ya BBC mu Gwokusatu 2010, kwakakasa nti okubeera ne "eby'amawulire ebisinga mu nsi yonna" kyandikoze emu ku nkola etaano enkulu ez'okuwandiika, ng'ekimu ku nkyukakyuka ezirina okwebuuza ku bantu n'okukkirizibwa [[BBC Trust]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 March 2010 |title=BBC 6 Music and Asian Network face axe in shake-up |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100303054531/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8544150.stm |archive-date=3 March 2010 |access-date=2 March 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’ekiseera ng’eyimiriziddwa ku nkomerero ya 2012, Helen Boaden yalekera awo okubeera Dayirekita wa BBC News. <ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396 ''Helen Boaden becomes director of BBC Radio'', BBC News, 14 February 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404060207/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-21455396|date=4 April 2018}}.</ref> Nga 16 Ogwokuna 2013, [[Director-General of the BBC|Dayirekita wa]] BBC omuggya [[Tony Hall, Baron Hall of Birkenhead|Tony Hall]] yayita [[James Harding (journalist)|James Harding]], eyali omutereeza w’olupapula lw’amawulire olwa ''[[The Times]]'' of London ng'amuyita Dayirekita w’Amawulire n’Ebifa mu ggwanga.<ref name="harding">[http://www.mediaweek.co.uk/news/rss/1178458/Former-Times-editor-James-Harding-news-boss-BBC/ ''Former Times editor James Harding to be news boss at BBC'', Gordon MacMillan, MediaWeek, London, 16 April 2013] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132757/https://www.campaignlive.co.uk//|date=24 November 2023}}.</ref> Okuva mu Gwomunaana 2012 okutuuka mu Gwokusatu 2013, emirimu gyonna egy’amawulire gyava mu Television Center ne gigenda mu bifo ebipya mu [[Broadcasting House]] eyaddaabirizibwa era n’egaziyizibwa, mu [[Portland Place]] . Enkola eno yatandika mu Gwekkumi 2012, era nga mulimu ne BBC World Service eyasenguka okuva mu [[Bush House]] oluvannyuma lwa liizi ya BBC okuggwaako. Okugaziya kuno okupya okugenda mu bukiikakkono n'obuvanjuba, okuyitibwa "New Broadcasting House", kulimu situdiyo za leediyo ne ttivvi empya eziwerako ez'omulembe nga zeetoolodde atrium ey'emyaliiro 11. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Sabbagh |first=Dan |date=7 September 2012 |title=The news from the BBC: its £1bn new base is finally coming on air |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180911114538/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/sep/07/bbc-1bn-new-base-broadcasting |archive-date=11 September 2018 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=The Guardian |location=London}}</ref> Enkola eno yatandika ne pulogulaamu y'omunda mu ggwanga eya ''[[The Andrew Marr Show]]'' nga 2 Ogwomwenda 2012, era yakomekkerezebwa n'okusenguka kw'omukutu gwa BBC News n'amawulire g'omunda nga 18 Ogwokusatu 2013. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Coomes |first=Phil |date=6 July 2012 |title=Goodbye Television Centre |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130203151813/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-18627051 |archive-date=3 February 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |work=BBC News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 July 2012 |title=BBC News begins move into Broadcasting House |url=http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117060101/http://www.newscaststudio.com/blog/2012/07/09/bbc-news-begins-move-into-broadcasting-house/ |archive-date=17 January 2013 |access-date=26 December 2012 |publisher=Newscast Studio}}</ref> <ref name="Last move">{{Cite news |date=18 March 2013 |title=BBC TV Centre broadcasts last network news bulletins |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-21818963 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231012440/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-21818963 |archive-date=31 December 2020 |access-date=18 March 2013 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Ekisenge ky’amawulire kirimu amawulire gonna ag’omunda mu ggwanga ne pulogulaamu ku ttivvi ne leediyo, wamu n’emikutu gya leediyo egy’ensi yonna egya [[BBC World Service]] n’omukutu gwa ttivvi ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]] . BBC News ne [[CBS News]] baatandikawo omukago n’okutereeza n'okukungaanya amawulire mu 2017, ne badda mu kifo ky’omukago ogwali gumaze ebbanga wakati wa BBC News ne [[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 July 2017 |title=BBC changes US news partner |url=https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331150107/https://www.digitaltveurope.com/2017/07/17/bbc-changes-us-news-partner/ |archive-date=31 March 2024 |access-date=31 March 2024}}</ref> Mu kunoonyereza [[Simmons Research|okwakolebwa aba Simmons Research]] mu Gwekkumi 2018 ku bitongole by’amawulire 38, BBC News yakwata ekifo eky’okuna mu kitongole ky’amawulire ekisinga okwesigika mu Bamerica, emabega wa CBS News, ABC News ne ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Benton |first=Joshua |author-link=Joshua Benton |date=5 October 2018 |title=Here's how much Americans trust 38 major news organizations (hint: not all that much!) |url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208001945/https://www.niemanlab.org/2018/10/heres-how-much-americans-trust-38-major-news-organizations-hint-not-all-that-much/ |archive-date=8 December 2020 |access-date=29 December 2022 |website=[[Nieman Lab]]}}</ref> '''Emyaka gya 2020''' '''<br />'''Mu Gwolubereberye gwa 2020 BBC yalangirira nti BBC News yali esuubira okutereka ssente za pawundi obukadde 80 buli mwaka, 2022 we gunaatuukira, nga kino kizingiramu okukendeeza ku bakozi nga 450 okuva ku 6,000 abaliwo kati. Dayirekita wa BBC ow’amawulire n’ensonga eziri mu ggwanga [[Fran Unsworth]] yagambye nti wagenda kubaawo okugenda mu maaso n’okuweereza [[Digital broadcasting|ku mpewo mu ngeri ya digito]], mu kitundu okusikiriza abalabi abato okuddayo, n’okugatta bannamawulire okusingawo okukomya ttiimu ez’enjawulo okubunyisa amawulire ge gamu. <ref name="bbc-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=BBC News to close 450 posts as part of £80m savings drive |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215000003/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-51271168 |archive-date=15 December 2020 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=BBC News}}</ref><ref name="telegraph-20200129">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=Budget cuts will not solve the BBC's problems |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/opinion/2020/01/29/budget-cuts-will-not-solve-bbcs-problems/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |access-date=14 December 2020 |work=The Daily Telegraph}}</ref> Okukendeeza ku bakozi abalala 70 kwalangirirwa mu Gwomusanvu 2020. <ref name="guardian-20200715">{{Cite news |last=Waterson |first=Jim |date=15 July 2020 |title=BBC announces further 70 job cuts in news division |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101031912/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2020/jul/15/bbc-announces-further-70-job-cuts-in-news-division |archive-date=1 November 2020 |access-date=15 December 2020 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> [[BBC Three]] yatandika okuweereza pulogulaamu y’amawulire ''eya The Catch Up'' mu Gwokubiri 2022. Eweerezebwa Levi Jouavel, Kirsty Grant, ne Callum Tulley era nga egenderera okufuna abantu omukutu guno be gugenderera (ab'emyaka 16 okutuuka ku 34) okukola amakulu mu nsi ebabeetoolodde ate nga era liraga emboozi ezirina essuubi.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Kahn|first=Ellie|date=31 January 2022|title=BBC3 preps 'shareable' news bulletin|url=https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|url-access=subscription|magazine=[[Broadcast (magazine)|Broadcast]]|id={{ProQuest|2624210115}}|accessdate=16 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094756/https://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/bbc/bbc3-preps-shareable-news-bulletin/5167083.article|archivedate=16 May 2024}}</ref> Bw’ogeraageranya n'eyasooka eya ''[[60 Seconds|sekonda 60]]'', ''The Catch Up'' esingako emirundi esatu, etambula okumala eddakiika nga ssatu ate nga tefulumira ku mpewo ku wiikendi.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bryan |first=Scott |date=2 February 2022 |title='The whole launch show is a pre-record': we watched BBC Three's return to TV – so you didn't have to |url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516094726/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/feb/02/the-whole-launch-show-is-a-pre-record-we-watched-bbc-threes-return-to-tv-so-you-didnt-have-to |archive-date=16 May 2024 |access-date=16 May 2024 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Okusinziira ku lipoota yaayo ey’omwaka we bwatuukira mu 2021 , Buyindi y’esinga okukozesa empeereza za BBC mu nsi yonna. [1] Mu Gwokutaano 2025, oluvannyuma lwa musisi eyakuba Myanmar ne Thailand, ekiwandiiko kya ttivvi (BBC News Myanmar) okuva mu mpeereza ya Burma nga kikozesa sseetilayiti ya [[Voice of America]] yatandika okuweereza.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lokalna wesja BBC News ruszy w DTH |url=https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513171919/https://satkurier.pl/news/243440/lokalna-wersja-bbc-news-ruszy-w-dth.html |archive-date=13 May 2025 |access-date=13 May 2025 |work=satkurier.pl |language=Polish}}</ref> == Okukola pulogulaamu n’okukola alipoota == Mu Ogwekkuminoogumu 2023, BBC News yeegatta ku kibiina ky’ensi yonna ekya [[International Consortium of Investigative Journalists]], {{Interlanguage link|Paper trail media|lt=Paper Trail Media|de}}, ne kkampuni z'ammawulire ze baakolagananga nazo omwali [[:en:Distributed_Denial_of_Secrets|Distributed Denial of Secrets]] and the [[:en:Organised_Crime_and_Corruption_Reporting_Project|Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project]] (OCCRP) era bannamawulire abaasukka mu 270 mu nsi 55 n'amatwale <ref name=":022">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Inside Cyprus Confidential: The data-driven journalism that helped expose an island under Russian influence – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130214812/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/leaked-data-journalism-methodology/ |archive-date=30 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Distributed Denial of Secrets|​]] <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=About the Cyprus Confidential investigation – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231121093552/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/about-cyprus-confidential-investigation/ |archive-date=21 November 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Cyprus Confidential|​]][[Vladimir Putin|​]] okufulumya alipoota ya '[[:en:Cyprus_Confidential|Cyprus Confidential]]' okulaga entambula y'ebyensimbi ekiwagira obufuzi bwa [[:en:Vladimir_Putin|Vladimir Putin]], okusinga nga alina abantu mu Cyprus era n'eraga nti alina abantu baakolagana nabo eenyo ab’oku ntikko mu Kremlin, abamu ku bo baaweebwa envumbo. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential: Leaked Roman Abramovich documents raise fresh questions for Chelsea FC: ICIJ-led investigation reveals how Mediterranean island ignores Russian atrocities and western sanctions to cash in on Putin's oligarchs |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231115073523/https://www.irishtimes.com/business/financial-services/2023/11/15/cyprus-confidential-leaked-roman-abramovich-documents-raise-fresh-questions-for-chelsea-fc/ |archive-date=15 November 2023 |access-date=15 November 2023 |work=The Irish Times |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus Confidential – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224150800/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=14 November 2023 |website=icij.org}}</ref> Abakungu ba gavumenti omuli pulezidenti wa Cyprus [[Nikos Christodoulides]] <ref name=":72">{{Cite web |date=15 November 2023 |title=Cypriot president pledges government probe into Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214203142/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cypriot-president-pledges-government-probe-into-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> n’ababaka ba Palamenti mu Bulaaya <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2023 |title=Lawmakers call for EU crackdown after ICIJ's Cyprus Confidential revelations – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114123/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/lawmakers-call-for-eu-crackdown-after-icijs-cyprus-confidential-revelations/ |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> baatandika okwanukula ebizuuliddwa mu kunoonyereza mu ssaawa ezitakka wansi wa 24,<ref name=":72" /> nga basaba ennongoosereza n’okutongoza okunoonyereza.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=14 November 2023 |title=Cyprus ignores Russian atrocities, Western sanctions to shield vast wealth of Putin allies – ICIJ |url=https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231214002320/https://www.icij.org/investigations/cyprus-confidential/cyprus-russia-eu-secrecy-tax-haven/ |archive-date=14 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Finance Minister perturbed over 'Cyprus Confidential' |url=https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224114126/https://knews.kathimerini.com.cy/en/news/finance-minister-perturbed-over-cyprus-confidential |archive-date=24 December 2023 |access-date=24 December 2023 |website=knews.com.cy}}</ref> '''<br />Ttivvi yaabwe''' BBC News y’evunaanyizibwa ku pulogulaamu z’amawulire n’ebiwandiiko ku mikutu gya ttivvi za BBC egy’awamu, wamu n’okufulumya amawulire ku mukutu gwa BBC News Channel mu Bungereza, n’okukola pulogulaamu ez’essaawa 22 ku mukutu gw’ekitongole kino ogw’ensi yonna [[BBC World News|ogwa BBC World News]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC World Service {{!}} WNYC {{!}} New York Public Radio, Podcasts, Live Streaming Radio, News |url=https://www.wnyc.org/shows/bbc-world-service/about |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=WNYC |language=en |archive-date=2025-11-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251107122458/https://www.wnyc.org/shows/bbc-world-service/about |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-13 |title=How it works… BBC World TV and Radio |url=https://roxhillmedia.com/resources/pr-insights/how-it-works-bbc-world-tv-and-radio/ |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=roxhillmedia.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Okuwandiika ku [[BBC Parliament|Palamenti ya BBC]] kukolebwa ku lwa BBC mu [[Millbank]] Studios, wadde nga BBC News egaba ebikwata ku bafulumya n’amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Parliament |url=https://www.freeview.co.uk/get-freeview-play/channels/bbc-parliament |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=www.freeview.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> Ebirimu bya BBC News era bifulumizibwa ku ttivvi za BBC eza digito ezikwatagana wansi w’akabonero ka [[BBC Red Button]], era okutuusa mu 2012, ku nkola ya [[Ceefax]] [[teletext]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Perraudin |first=Frances |date=16 September 2019 |title=BBC to switch off Red Button information service in 2020 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714143124/https://www.theguardian.com/media/2019/sep/16/bbc-to-switch-off-red-button-2020 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Ennyimba ku pulogulaamu zonna ez'amawulire ku ttivvi za BBC gwatongozebwa mu 1999 era nga zaayimbibwa [[David Lowe (television and radio composer)|David Lowe]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=3 November 2015 |title=Column: David Lowe – the man who changed news music forever |url=https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160751/https://www.newscaststudio.com/2015/11/03/column-david-lowe-the-man-who-changed-news-music-forever/?og=1 |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=NewscastStudio |language=en-US}}</ref> Yali emu ku kuddamu okussaako akabonero akaatandika mu 1999 era nga kuliko ' [[BBC Pips]] '.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=23 September 2019 |title=What is the music used in TV news programmes? {{!}} Classical-Music.com |url=http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925114905/http://www.classical-music.com/article/what-music-used-tv-news-programmes |archive-date=25 September 2019 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=BBC Music Magazine}}</ref> Omulamwa ogw’awamu gwakozesebwa ku mawulire ku [[BBC One]], News 24, BBC World ne pulogulaamu z’amawulire ez’omu ggwanga mu BBC’s [[:Category:BBC Regional News shows|Nations and Regions]] .<ref name=":2" /> Lowe era ye yali avunaanyizibwa ku nnyimba zino ku Radio One's ''[[Newsbeat]]'' .<ref name=":2" /> Omulamwa guno gubadde n’enkyukakyuka eziwerako okuva mu 1999, eyasembyeyo mu Gwokusatu 2013.<ref name=":1" /> Omukutu gw'amawulire [[BBC Arabic Television|ogwa BBC Arabic Television]] gwatongozebwa nga 11 Gwokusatu 2008,<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2008 |title=BBC Arabic-language television channel to be launched 11 March |url=https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726160936/https://www.arabmediasociety.com/bbc-arabic-language-television-channel-to-be-launched-11-march/ |archive-date=26 July 2020 |access-date=31 May 2020 |website=Arab Media & Society |language=en-US}}</ref> [[BBC Persian Television|omukutu ogw'olulimi Olupersia]] gwagobererwa nga 14 Ogwolubereberye 2009,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Committee |first=Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: Foreign Affairs |date=2009 |title=Foreign and Commonwealth Office annual report 2007-08: report, together with formal minutes, oral and written evidence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101 |publisher=The Stationery Office |isbn=978-0-215-52627-4 |language=en |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132819/https://books.google.com/books?id=8L81HYbAUfQC&q=bbc+news+a+Persian-language+channel+followed+on+14+January+2009&pg=PA101#v=snippet&q=bbc%20news%20a%20Persian-language%20channel%20followed%20on%2014%20January%202009&f=false |archive-date=24 November 2023 |url-status=live}}</ref> nga guweereza okuva mu kiwayi kya Peel ekya Broadcasting House; byombi birimu amawulire, okwekenneenya, okubuuza ebibuuzo, ebyemizannyo n’eby’obuwangwa eby’amaanyi era nga biddukanyizibwa [[BBC World Service]] era nga biweebwa ssente okuva mu nsimbi eziweebwayo okuva mu [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office|ofiisi ya Bungereza ey’ensonga z’ebweru]] (so si [[Television licensing in the United Kingdom|layisinsi ya ttivvi]] ).<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 April 2007 |script-title=fa:آگهی استخدام در تلویزیون فارسی بی بی سی |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080915193131/http://www.bbc.co.uk/persian/news/story/2007/04/070426_adverttv.shtml |archive-date=15 September 2008 |access-date=4 January 2009 |work=BBC News |language=fa}}</ref> Empeereza ya [[BBC Verify]] yatongozebwa mu 2023 okukebera amawulire [[Fact-check|amatuufu]], n’eddirirwa BBC Verify Live mu 2025.<ref name="live">{{Cite web |last=Turness |first=Deborah |date=2 June 2025 |title=BBC Verify Live |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/mediacentre/articles/2025/bbc-verify-live |publisher=BBC}}</ref> '''Leediyo''' '''yaayo''' BBC Radio News efulumya amawulire agakwata ku leediyo z’eggwanga eza BBC era egaba obubaka ku lwa leediyo za BBC ez’omu ggwanga ng’eyita mu General News Service (GNS), empeereza y’okusaasaanya mawulire ey’omunda mu BBC <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith, Mort |date=23 October 2012 |title=Ceefax: The early days |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811184649/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20032531 |archive-date=11 August 2018 |access-date=21 June 2018 |publisher=BBC}}</ref>. BBC News tefulumya mawulire ga BBC agakwata ku bitundu, agafulumizibwa amawanga ssekinnoomu aga BBC n’ebitundu byennyini. Ekitongole kya BBC World Service kiweereza abantu nga 150 abantu obukadde mu Lungereza awamu n’ennimi 27 okwetoloola ensi yonna.<ref name="About WS">{{Cite web |title=About the World Service |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130318055140/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldserviceradio/help |archive-date=18 March 2013 |access-date=18 March 2013 |website=Help |publisher=BBC}}</ref> BBC Radio News ye muyambi w'ekitongole kya [[Radio Academy]].<ref>The Radio Academy [http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/ "Patrons"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100107234239/http://www.radioacademy.org/about/patrons/|date=7 January 2010}}.</ref> '''Ku mukutu emigatta bantu''' BBC News Online gwe mukutu gw'amawulire ogwa BBC Gwatongozebwa mu Gwekkumineebiri 1997,<ref>{{Cite news |date=2 December 2005 |title=BBC News Interactive's new editor |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106140827/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4492820.stm |archive-date=6 January 2008 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> naye gw’egumu ku mikutu gy’amawulire egisinga okwettanirwa,<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2022 |title=Top Websites Ranking for News & Media Publishers in the world |url=https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430115953/https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/category/news-and-media/ |archive-date=30 April 2021 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=SimilarWeb}}</ref> nga gwalina akawumbi 1.2 ak'abantu abaagukyaliranga we bwatuukira mu Gwokuna 2021,<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2021 |title=New data shows BBC is the world's most visited news site |url=https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250112113236/https://www.bbc.com/mediacentre/worldnews/2021/new-data-shows-bbc-is-the-worlds-most-visited-news-site/ |archive-date=12 January 2025 |access-date=12 January 2025 |website=BBC News |language=en |quote=The BBC's online news brands .. came in first place with a combined 1.2 billion website visits in April 2021.}}</ref> nga kwotadde n’okukozesebwa ebitundu 60% ku abo bakozesa yintaneeti mu Bungereza okufuna amawulire.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2022 |title=News Consumption in the UK: 2022 |url=https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019163415/https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0027/241947/News-Consumption-in-the-UK-2022-report.pdf |archive-date=19 October 2022 |access-date=23 October 2022 |website=Ofcom}}</ref> Omukutu guno gulimu amawulire ag’ensi yonna awamu n’amawulire agakwata ku by’amasanyu, emizannyo, ssaayansi n’ebyobufuzi.<ref>{{Cite news |date=28 November 2003 |title=Help – About our site |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070328040313/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/ |archive-date=28 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> [[Apu z’oku ssimu]] ez’enkola za [[Android]], [[iOS]] ne [[Windows Phone]] ziweereddwayo okuva mu 2010.<ref>{{Cite news |date=23 July 2010 |title=BBC News iPhone and iPad app launches in the UK |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150125142437/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-10738882 |archive-date=25 January 2015 |access-date=1 February 2015 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Pulogulaamu nnyingi eza ttivvi ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa ku mpeereza za [[BBC iPlayer]] ne [[BBC Sounds]] . Omukutu gwa BBC News nagwo gusobola okulabwa essaawa 24 buli lunaku, ate vidiyo ne leediyo nazo zisangibwa mu mikutu gy’amawulire egy’oku yintaneeti.<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 August 2006 |title=Help – Your guide to the BBC News Player |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315183757/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/5286426.stm |archive-date=15 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumi 2019, BBC News Online yatongoza endabirwamu ku mukutu gwa [[dark web]] anonymity network [[ogwa Tor]] mu kaweefube w’okwewala okusengejjebwa. == <big>Okukomelerwa Abantu</big> == '''Obwetwaze mu byobufuzi n’ebyobusuubuzi''' BBC eragiddwa mu ndagaano yaayo egikkiriza okukola mu bujjuvu obutaba na buyinza bwa byabufuzi na byabusuubuzi era ng’eddamu abalabi n’abawuliriza bokka. Obugenderevu buno obw’ebyobufuzi oluusi bubuusibwabuusibwa. Okugeza, ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' (3 Ogwomunaana 2005) yatwala ebbaluwa okuva ew'omuntu w'ekitongole kya [[KGB]] [[Oleg Gordievsky]], ng'agiyita "The Red Service". Ebitabo biwandiikiddwa ku nsonga eno omuli ebitabo ebiwakanya BBC nga ''Truth Betrayed'' eya WJ West ne ''The Truth Twisters'' eya Richard Deacon. Ababaka ba Palamenti aba Conservative baabalumiriza okuba ne kyekubiira<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 February 2020 |title=BBC licence fee: Tory MPs warn No 10 against fight |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604190724/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-51530752 |archive-date=4 June 2021 |access-date=4 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekitabo kya BBC ekiyitibwa Editorial Guidelines on Politics and Public Policy kigamba nti wadde nga "amaloboozi n'endowooza z'ebibiina ebivuganya gavumenti birina okufulumizibwa bulijjo n'okusoomoozebwa", "gavumenti eri mu buyinza y'etera okuba ensibuko y'amawulire enkulu".<ref name="BBCEditorialGuidelines">[https://web.archive.org/web/20130307235004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt "Editorial Guidelines Extracts"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307235004/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/assets/files/pdf/review_report_research/impartiality_21century/f_editorial_guidelines_extracts.txt|date=7 March 2013}}, [[BBC]].</ref> BBC bulijjo gavumenti erumiriza olw’okwekubira ng’ewagira ab’oludda oluvuganya ate n’abavuganya gavumenti ne baginenya nga bagamba nti yeekubira ku ludda lwa gavumenti. Mu ngeri y’emu, mu biseera by’olutalo, BBC etera okulumirizibwa gavumenti ya Bungereza, oba abawagizi ab’amaanyi aba kampeyini z’amagye ga Bungereza, nti esaasira nnyo ku ndowooza y’omulabe. Omuko ogwa ''[[Newsnight]]'' ku ntandikwa [[Falklands War|y'olutalo lw'e Falklands]] mu 1982 gwayogerwako nga "kumpi ogw'okulya mu nsi olukwe" [[John Page (MP for Harrow West)|John Page]], omubaka wa Palamenti, eyawakanya [[Peter Snow]] ng'agamba nti "bwe tukkiriza Abangereza".<ref name="Falklands Newsnight">Denis Taylor, "BBC broadcasts jammed", ''The Times'', 4 May 1982, p. 2.</ref> Mu lutalo lwa [[Gulf War]] olwasooka, abaavumirira BBC baatandika okukozesa erinnya ery'okusaaga erya "Baghdad Broadcasting Corporation".<ref name="news24">{{Cite news |date=21 July 2003 |title=BBC versus British government |url=http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0,,2-10-1462_1390672,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309115833/http://www.news24.com/News24/World/News/0%2C%2C2-10-1462_1390672%2C00.html |archive-date=9 March 2008 |publisher=News 24}}</ref> Mu [[Kosovo War|lutalo lw'e Kosovo]], BBC zaayitibwa ba minisita ba Bungereza "Belgrade Broadcasting Corporation" (ekiraga nti baali bawagira gavumenti ya [[FR Yugoslavia]] okusinga abayeekera ab'amawanga [[Albanians|ga Albania]] ) <ref name="news24" /> wadde nga [[Slobodan Milosević]] (mu kiseera ekyo pulezidenti wa FRY) yagamba nti ebiwandiiko bya BBC byali bisosola eggwanga lye.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 August 2002 |title=Milosevic attacks BBC 'bias' |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040708024137/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2220904.stm |archive-date=8 July 2004 |access-date=1 January 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Okwawukanako n'ekyo, abamu ku abo abeeyisa nga abawakanya entalo mu Bungereza oba abaawakanya entalo z'amawanga amalala baalumirizza BBC okwekubira mu mateeka oba okugaana okuwa amaloboozi "agalwanyisa entalo". Oluvannyuma lw’okulumba Iraq mu 2003, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya Cardiff University School of Journalism ku lipoota y’olutalo kwazuula nti ku buli kkumi ebigambo mwenda ebikwata ku by’okulwanyisa bi nnamuzisa mu kiseera ky’olutalo byalowooza nti Iraq yabirina, era omu yekka ku buli 10 ye yabuusabuusa enteebereza eno. Era yakizuukira nti, mu mikutu gya Bungereza emikulu egyali gikwata olutalo, BBC ye yalabika okusinga okukozesa gavumenti n’amagye ga Bungereza ng’ensibuko yaayo ey'amawulire. Era ye yali esuubirwa ekitono ennyo okukozesa ensonda ezeetongodde, nga Red Cross, ezaali zisinga okuvumirira olutalo. Bwe kyatuuka ku kuwa alipoota ku bantu abafiira mu Iraq, okunoonyereza kuno kwazuula alipoota ntono ku BBC okusinga ku mikutu emirala esatu emikulu. Omuwandiisi wa alipoota eno, [[Justin Lewis (media scholar)|Justin Lewis]], yawandiika nti "Ewala ennyo okuva ku kulaga nti BBC ewakanya olutalo, bye tuzudde bitera okuwa obwesige eri abo abaawakanya BBC olw'okulumirirwa ennyo gavumenti mu kukwata amawulire g'entalo zaayo. Mu ngeri yonna, kyeyoleka lwatu nti okulumiriza BBC okwekubira mu lutalo kulemererwa okuyimirirawo okwekenneenya kwonna okw'amaanyi oba okuwangaala." <ref>{{Cite book |last=McNair |first=Brian |date=18 February 2009 |title=News and Journalism in the UK |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HlB8AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA79 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1134128846 |page=79 |access-date=17 March 2014}}</ref> Okulondebwa kwa BBC okwamaanyi buli kiseera kwekenneenyezebwa emikutu gy’amawulire n’ebyobufuzi mu Bungereza okulaba oba waliwo obubonero obulaga nti balina kyekubiira mu byobufuzi. Okulondebwa kwa [[Greg Dyke]] ku bwa Dayirekita omukulu kwayogerwako ensonda mu mawulire kubanga Dyke yali mmemba w’ekibiina kya Labour Party era nga yali mulwanirizi w’addembe ly’obuntu, nga kw’otadde n'okuba mukwano gwa [[Tony Blair]] . Eyali omuwandiisi w’ebyobufuzi mu BBC, [[Nick Robinson (journalist)|Nick Robinson]], emyaka egiyise yali ssentebe w’ekibiina kya [[Young Conservatives (UK)|Young Conservatives]] era ekyavaamu, yasikiriza okunenya okutali kutongole okuva mu gavumenti eyasooka eya Labour, kyokka [[Andrew Marr]] eyamusooka yayolekagana n’okuwoza okufaananako okuva ku ddyo kubanga yali muwandiisi wa ''[[The Independent]]'', olupapula lw’amawulire olw’eddembe, nga tannalondebwa mu 2000. [[Mark Thompson (television executive)|Mark Thompson]], eyali Dayirekita omukulu owa BBC, yakkiriza nti ekibiina kino kyali kyekubira " okudda ku kkono" emabegako. Yagamba nti, "Mu BBC gye nneegattako emyaka 30 egiyise, waaliwo, mu bintu bingi ebigenda mu maaso, mu byobufuzi by'abantu ssekinnoomu, ebyali eby'olwatu, ku kwekubira okw'amaanyi eri kkono".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Yesawich |first=Avi |title=Report: BBC dir.-gen. admits previous organizational bias |url=https://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511111244/http://www.jpost.com/Headlines/Article.aspx?id=186893 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Awo n'agattako nti, "Ekibiina kyalwanira ddala mu kiseera ekyo n'obuteekubira. Kati mulembe gwa njawulo ddala. Waliwo obusosoze bw'ebika obutono ennyo obw'olwatu mu bannamawulire abato abakolera BBC." Oluvannyuma lw’akalulu [[Brexit|ka EU]] mu 2016, abamu ku baavumirira baagamba nti BBC yalina oludda ng’ewagira okuva mu mukago gwa EU. Okugeza mu 2018, BBC yafuna okwemulugunya okuva mu bantu abaatwala ensonga nti BBC teyakwata kimala ku kutambula okulwanyisa Brexit ate ng’ewa emikolo emitonotono egyategekebwa eyali omukulembeze wa UKIP Nigel Farage obudde bungi ku mpewo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Galsworthy |first=Mike |title=What's actually going on with the BBC and Brexit bias? |url=https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032408/https://www.politics.co.uk/comment-analysis/2018/04/17/what-s-actually-going-on-with-the-bbc-and-brexit-bias |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=politics.co.uk}}</ref> Ate okunoonyereza okwafulumizibwa YouGov kwalaga nti abantu 45% abaalonda okuva mu mukago gwa EU baalowooza nti BBC ‘ewakanya nnyo Brexit’ bw’ogeraageranya n’abalonzi 13% ab’ekika kye kimu abaalowooza nti BBC yali ewagira Brexit.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Matthew |title=Is BBC News pro-Brexit or anti-Brexit? |url=https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329032405/https://yougov.co.uk/topics/politics/articles-reports/2018/02/22/bbc-news-pro-brexit-or-anti-brexit |archive-date=29 March 2019 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=YouGov}}</ref> '''<big>E buyindi</big><big><br /></big>'''Mu 2008, [[BBC News|BBC Hindi]] yavumirira emikutu gy'amawulire egimu egy'Abayindi olw'okuyita abatujju abaakola [[obulumbaganyi bw'e Mumbai mu 2008]] nti "abakubi b'emmundu".<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Dec222008/editpage20081221108056.asp Mealy-mouthed BBC]{{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The BBC cannot see the difference between a criminal and a terrorist |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908211553/http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/dec/14mumterror-mj-akbar-slams-bbc-for-biased-coverage-of-mumbai-terror-attack.htm |archive-date=8 September 2013 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> Eky’okuddamu ku kino kyayongera okunenya okwasooka okuva mu bamu ku baawa endowooza zaabwe ku nsonga Abayindi nga bagamba nti BBC eyinza okuba n’okwekubira mu [[Indophobic]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 March 2004 |title=BBC coverage biased, say British Hindus |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515113814/http://www.indianexpress.com/storyOld.php?storyId=42169 |archive-date=15 May 2011 |access-date=22 September 2011 |website=The Indian Express}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2015, BBC yavumwa olw’ekiwandiiko kya BBC [[Storyville (TV series)|''Storyville'']] nga kibuuza omu ku baasobya ku bakazi mu Buyindi. Wadde nga kkooti enkulu ya Buyindi yakiwera, <ref>{{Cite news |last=Madison Park and Harmeet Shah Singh |date=4 March 2015 |title=Indian court bans controversial interview with convicted rapist |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150424230948/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/03/asia/india-rape-comment-outrage/index.html |archive-date=24 April 2015 |access-date=9 May 2015 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> BBC ekyalaga ekiwandiiko kya " [[India's Daughter|Muwala wa Buyindi]] " ebweru wa Buyindi. '''Okubuuliriza kwa Hutton''' BBC News yali wakati mu butakkaanya mu byobufuzi oluvannyuma lw'[[okulumba Iraq mu 2003]]. Alipoota ssatu eza BBC News ( [[Andrew Gilligan]] ’s on ''Today'', Gavin Hewitt’s on ''The Ten O’Clock News'' n'endalaku ''Newsnight'' ) zaajuliza ensonda etaategeerekeka mannya eyagamba nti gavumenti ya Bungereza (naddala ofiisi ya Ssaabaminisita) yayooyoota Dossier y'Ogwomwenda n’okusaakiriza ekya Iraq okuba n'e [[by'okulwanyisa binnamuzisa]]. Gavumenti yavumirira amawulire gano era n’elumiriza ekitongole kino okukola amawulire obubi. Mu wiiki ezaddirira ekitongole kino kyayimirira ku alipoota eno, ne kigamba nti kyalina ensonda eyeesigika. Oluvannyuma lw’okuteeberezebwa okw’amaanyi mu mawulire, [[David Kelly (weapons expert)|David Kelly]] yaweebwayo mu mawulire ng’ensibuko y’emboozi ya Gilligan eya nga 9 Ogwomusanvu 2003. Kelly yasangibwa ng’afudde, nga yeetuze, mu nnimiro okumpi n’amaka ge ku makya nga 18 Ogwomusanvu. Okunoonyereza okwakulemberwa [[Brian Hutton, Baron Hutton|Lord Hutton]] kwalangirirwa gavumenti ya Bungereza enkeera okunoonyereza ku mbeera eyaviirako Kelly okufa, ne bamaliriza nti "Dr. Kelly yetta bwessi." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vikram Dodd |date=16 July 2013 |title=Dr David Kelly: 10 years on, death of scientist remains unresolved for some |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170324180323/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2013/jul/16/david-kelly-death-10-years-on |archive-date=24 March 2017 |access-date=24 March 2017}}</ref> Mu lipoota ye nga 28 Ogwolubereberye 2004, Lord Hutton yamaliriza agamba nti Gilligan bye yasooka okulumirizibwa tebyalina musingi era enkola ya BBC ey'okuwandiika n'okuddukanya emirimu gyayo yali "erimu obuzibu". Okusingira ddala, yavumirira nnyo olujegere lw’abaddukanya emirimu olwaleetera BBC okulwanirira emboozi yaayo. Dayirekita wa BBC, [[Richard Sambrook]], alipoota egamba nti yali akkirizza ekigambo kya Gilligan nti emboozi ye ntuufu wadde ng’ebiwandiiko bye tebyatuukirira. Olwo Davies yali ategeezezza olukiiko lwa BBC Olw'okuntikko oba Board of Governors nti musanyufu n’emboozi eno era n’ategeeza Ssaabaminisita nti okunoonyereza okw’omunda okumatiza kwaliwo. Olukiiko olufuzi, wansi w’okulungamizibwa ssentebe, [[Gavyn Davies]], lwakkirizza nti okwongera okunoonyereza ku kwemulugunya kwa Gavumenti kwali tekwetaagisa. Olw’okunenya okwali mu alipoota ya Hutton, Davies yalekulira ku lunaku lwe yafulumizibwa. BBC News yafuna kugezesebwa okukulu, ne yeekolako alipoota n'okugifulumya , kyokka olw'okukkiriza okwawamu (okw'olukiiko olwokuntikko) kino yakiddukanya "mu bwetwaze, awatali kyekubiira era mu bwesimbu".<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC Iraq war coverage criticised |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060315044309/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3890821.stm |archive-date=15 March 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Davies okulekulira kwaddirirwa okulekulira kwa [[Dayirekita General]], [[Greg Dyke]], enkeera, n’okulekulira kwa Gilligan nga 30 Ogwolubereberye . Wadde nga awatali kubuusabuusa kyali kizibu nnyo eri ekitongole kino, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ICM mu Gwokuna 2003 kwalaga nti kyali kikuumye ekifo kyakyo ng’ekitongole ekisinga obulungi era ekyesigika mu kuwa amawulire.<ref>{{Cite news |date=13 July 2004 |title=BBC report 2004: At a glance |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040715042305/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3889595.stm |archive-date=15 July 2004 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Douglas Davis, omusasi wa London owa ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]'', ayogedde ku BBC okuwandiika ku [[lutalo lw’Abawalabu ne Yisirayiri]] nga “okulaga okutasalako, okw’oludda olumu ku Yisirayiri ng’eggwanga erya sitaani, ery’abamenyi b’amateeka n’Abayisirayiri ng’abanyigiriza abalala mu bukambwe ekirimu obubonero bwonna obwa kampeyini ey’okuvumaganya abantu, mu kumanya oba , obutamanya erina ekikolwa eky’okuggya eggwanga ly’Abayudaaya mu kugoberera amateeka n’ozuukusa obukyayi obw'edda obw'ekizikiza obw'Abazungu obwali tebugumiikiriza kwogera linnya lyabwo okumala ekitundu ky'ekyasa ekyayita."<ref name="Davis130">Davis, Douglas.</ref> Wabula okunoonyereza okunene okwe mirundi ebiri okwetongodde, okumu okwakolebwa Loughborough University ate okulala okwakolebwa Glasgow University’s Media Group era kwawunzika kugamba nti endowooza za Yisirayiri ziweebwa okufulumizibwa okusingawo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Downey |first=John |last2=Deacon |first2=David |last3=Golding |first3=Peter |last4=Oldfield |first4=B |last5=Wring |first5=Dominic |year=2006 |title=The BBC's reporting of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict |url=https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250823214715/https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/online_resource/The_BBC_s_reporting_of_the_Israeli-Palestinian_conflict/9471353?file=17095769 |archive-date=23 August 2025 |access-date=21 May 2025 |website=Loughborough University Institutional Repository}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Read |first=James |date=22 June 2004 |title=Palestine issue confuses Britons |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090123001938/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/3827207.stm |archive-date=23 January 2009 |access-date=27 September 2010 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Abavumirira BBC bagamba nti lipoota ya Balen ekakasa nti erimu kyekubiira mu nkola entegeke ku Yisirayiri mu pulogulaamu z’amawulire agakola emitwe. The ''[[Daily Mail]]'' ne ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' baavumirira BBC olw’okusaasaanya obutitimbe bwa pawundi ez’abawi b’omusolo mu Bungereza okulemesa lipoota eno okufulumizibwa eri abantu.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081013035628/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece BBC fights to suppress internal report into allegations of bias against Israel] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013035628/http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/legal/article2398870.ece|date=13 October 2008}} by Andy McSmith (''The Independent'') 28 March 2007.</ref><ref>T''Telegraph'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20061018094538/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/10/15/nbeeb15.xml BBC mounts court fight to keep 'critical' report secret], 15 October 2006.</ref> [[Jeremy Bowen]], Omutereeza w'amawulire ga BBC world news, mu Middle East, yaggyibwayo aba [[BBC Trust]] olwa kyekubiira era baasalawo nti yamenya "ebiragiro bya BBC ku butuufu n'obutaba na ludda."<ref name="ind160409">''[[The Independent]]'', 16 April 2009, [https://web.archive.org/web/20090418210846/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/tv-radio/bowen-breached-rules-on-impartiality-1669278.html Bowen 'breached rules on impartiality'].</ref> Akakiiko akeetongodde akaalondebwa ekitongole kya [[BBC Trust]] kaatandikibwawo mu 2006 okwekenneenya obutasosola mu ngeri BBC gye yafulumya ku butakkaanya wakati wa Yisirayiri ne Palestine.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Impartiality Review: Israeli-Palestinian Conflict |url=http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000035/http://www.bbcgovernorsarchive.co.uk/docs/reviews/panel_report_final.pdf |archive-date=14 June 2007 |access-date=14 May 2007 |website=BBC Governors}}</ref> Okwekenneenya kw'akakiiko kwali nti "ng'oggyeeko ebisobyo by'omuntu ssekinnoomu, tewaaliwo nsonga y'amaanyi eyali ereetera abantu okugamba nti obwakyekubiira bwali bugenderere." Wadde nga bategeera "okwewaayo okubeera abatuufu mu bwenkanya era nga tebalina kyekubiira" n'okutendereza ebingi ku biwandiiko bya BBC akakiiko akeetongodde kaamaliriza "nti ebifulumizibwa BBC tebiwa bulijjo ebifa mu lutalo mu bujjuvu era mu bwenkanya. Mu ngeri ezimu ekifaananyi tekituukiridde era, mu ngeri eyo, kibuzaabuza." Etegeeza nti, "okulemererwa okutuusa obulungi enjawulo mu bumanyirivu bwa Yisirayiri ne Palestine, [kiraga] nti oludda olumu lwe lufuga ate olulala lubeera wansi w'obuwambe". Ng’awandiika mu lupapula lwa ''Financial Times'', [[Philip Stephens (journalist)|Philip Stephens]], omu ku bakubaganya b'ebirowoozo ku kakiiko, oluvannyuma yanenya dayirekita wa BBC Mark Thompson, olw'okubuzaabuza bye baasalawo ku kakiiko kano. Yayongera okuwa endowooza ye nga agamba nti "Endowooza yange eri nti okuwandiika amawulire ga BBC nakyo kifiiriddwa obweyamo bwakyo obw'obutaba na ludda obwali obw'amaanyi, n'okussa ekitiibwa ekyetaagisa eri enkola ya demokulasiya. Bwemba ndi mutuufu, BBC, nayo, ebuze".<ref>Philip Stephens: BBC is losing public service plot, ''Financial Times'', 20 June 2006.</ref> Mark Thompson yafulumya ekiwandiiko ekyegaana mu lupapula lwa FT enkeera waalwo.<ref>The BBC's success story has a public service plot, Mark Thompson, ''Financial Times'', 21 June 2006.</ref> Ennyonyola y’omusasi omu owa BBC ng’awandiika ku kuziika kwa [[Yassir Arafat]] nti yali alese amaziga mu maaso ge. Ebigambo ebyo byaleetawo ebibuuzo ebirala eby’obutaba na kyekubiira, naddala okuva ewa Martin Walker <ref name="Walker">{{Cite news |last=Walker |first=Martin |date=11 May 2006 |title=The BBC pro-Israeli? Is the Pope Jewish?-Comment-Columnists-Guest contributors |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,1072-2174641,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001075902/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,1072-2174641,00.html |archive-date=1 October 2006 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=The Times |location=London}}</ref> mu kitundu ky’okuwa endowooza y’omugenyi mu pulogulaamu ya ''[[The Times]]'', eyaggyayo omusango ogulabika ogwa Fayad Abu Shamala, omusasi wa [[BBC Arabic]] Service, eyategeeza olukungaana lwa [[Hamas]] nga 6 Ogwokutaano 2001, nti bannamawulire mu Gaza baali "bakola kampeyini zino nga bali wamu n'abantu ba Palestine".<ref name="Walker" /> [[Tom Gross]], ng'awandiika mu ''[[National Review]]'', yavumirira BBC okukwata [[abantu ba Hamas abeetulisizaako bbomu]] <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100628025507/http://old.nationalreview.com/comment/gross200406181018.asp Tom Gross on BBC] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628025507/http://old.nationalreview.com/comment/gross200406181018.asp|date=28 June 2010}} National Review Online.</ref> n'okuyita kwayo okwa [[Jenny Tonge]] ne [[Tom Paulin]] ng'abagenyi ab'pkwogera ku nsonga, n'agamba nti Paulin "yageraageranya abasenze Abayudaaya n'Abanazi". Paulin emabegako yali yategeeza nti [[Israeli settlers|abasenze mu Yisirayiri]] baalina "okukubwa amasasi bafe", era n'agamba nti yali asobola "okutegeera engeri abeetulisizaako bbomu gye baali bawuliramu".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hall |first=Sarah |date=13 April 2002 |title=Death to Jewish settlers, says anti-Zionist poet |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/apr/13/israel.booksnews |access-date=4 November 2024 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> BBC era yayolekera okunenyezebwa olw’obutalaga ku mpewo kulaajana kwa buyambi bwa [[kakiiko k’ebyigwa bitalaze]] eri Abapalestine abaabonaabona mu Gaza mu lutalo olw’ennaku 22 eyo wakati w’enkomerero ya 2008 n’okutandika kwa 2009. Emikutu emirala emikulu egya Bungereza egisinga gyakola ku mpewo okujulira kuno, naye Sky News eyali evuganya nayo teyakukola.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Percival |first=Jenny |last2=Holmwood |first2=Leigh |last3=Lewis |first3=Paul |date=26 January 2009 |title=Sky and BBC refuse to air Gaza appeal |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/jan/26/gaza-israel-palestinians-bbc |access-date=20 April 2025 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Munnamawulire w’e Bungereza [[Julie Burchill]] yalumiriza BBC okuleeta “embeera y’okutya” eri [[Abayudaaya b’e Bungereza]] olw’okulaga Yisirayiri okwali kuyitiridde bw’ogeraageranya n’amawanga amalala.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burchill |first=Julie |date=18 June 2010 |title=How the British media get their kicks |url=https://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/Article.aspx?id=178724 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024041913/http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Columnists/Article.aspx?id=178724 |archive-date=24 October 2012 |access-date=5 July 2012 |website=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Olw’olutalo lw’e [[Gaza war|Gaza]], BBC yayimiriza bannamawulire Abawalabu musanvu ku bigambibwa nti baali bawagira Hamas nga bayita ku mikutu gya yintaneeti.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2023 |title=BBC Suspends, Investigates 7 Arab Journalists over Hamas Support |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bbc-urgently-investigating-group-arab-173746683.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124132822/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/bbc-urgently-investigating-group-arab-173746683.html |archive-date=24 November 2023 |access-date=22 October 2023}}</ref> BBC ne ABC bagabana ebitundu bya vidiyo n’abasasi nga bwe kyetaagisa mu kufulumya amawulire gaabwe. BBC eraga ''[[ABC World News Tonight]] ne [[David Muir]]'' mu Bungereza. Wabula mu Gwomusanvu 2017, BBC yalangirira enkolagana empya ne [[CBS News]] eyasobozesa ebibiina byombi okugabana vidiyo, ebirimu mu biwandiiko, n’ebintu ebirala eby’okukung’aanya amawulire mu New York, London, Washington n’ensi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=13 July 2017 |title=CBS News and BBC News join forces around the globe |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-bbc-join-forces/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713124235/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/cbs-bbc-join-forces/ |archive-date=13 July 2017 |access-date=13 July 2017 |publisher=CBS News}}</ref> BBC News ewandiika ku mpeereza za waya okuva mu bitongole by’ensi yonna ebikulembedde omuli [[PA Media]] (eyali Press Association), [[Reuters]], ne [[Agence France-Presse]] . Mu Gwokuna 2017, BBC yasuula [[Associated Press]] n’ewagira empeereza eyali erinnyisiddwa omutindo okuva mu AFP <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2017 |title=The BBC drops AP for AFPTV – read the AP Statement |url=https://photoarchivenews.com/news/the-bbc-drops-ap-for-afptv-ap-statement/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011231855/https://photoarchivenews.com/news/the-bbc-drops-ap-for-afptv-ap-statement/ |archive-date=11 October 2017 |access-date=21 July 2017}}</ref> '''<big>Endowooza ya gavumenti z’amawanga amalala</big>''' Abasasi ba BBC News n’empeereza ku mpewo mu biseera bino n'ebyemabega baawerebwa mu mawanga agawerako okusinga olw’okufulumya amawulire agazze gawakanya gavumenti eziba mu buyinza. Ng’ekyokulabirako, abawandiisi b’amawulire baali bawereddwa gavumenti eyali ey’obusosoze mu mawanga ga South Africa. BBC yawerebwa mu [[Zimbabwe ku mulembe gwa Mugabe]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Broadcasting of BBC in Zimbabwe stopped |url=http://www.afrol.com/News2002/zim040_joytv_bbc.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930180629/http://www.afrol.com/News2002/zim040_joytv_bbc.htm |archive-date=30 September 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |publisher=afrol – African News Agency}}</ref> okumala emyaka munaana ng'ekibiina ky'abatujju okutuusa lwe yakkirizibwa okuddamu okukola oluvannyuma lw'omwaka ogusukka mu gumu ng'okulonda kwa 2008 kuwedde.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Resuming operations in Zimbabwe |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2009/07/resuming_operations_in_zimbabw.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202055243/http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/theeditors/2009/07/resuming_operations_in_zimbabw.html |archive-date=2 February 2019 |access-date=29 July 2009}}</ref> BBC yawerebwa mu Burma ( Myanmar) oluvannyuma lw’okuwandiika n’okunnyonnyola ku kwekalakaasa okwaliwo nga bawakanya gavumenti eyo mu Gwomwenda 2007. Envumbo eno yaggyibwawo oluvannyuma lw’emyaka ena mu Gwomwenda wa 2011. Abalala abaabateekako envumbo kwaliko Uzbekistan,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Whitlock |first=Monica |date=5 November 2005 |title=BBC NEWS – Programmes – From Our Own Correspondent – Uzbeks banish BBC after massacre reports |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/4407086.stm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314044208/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/4407086.stm |archive-date=14 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=BBC News}}</ref> China,<ref>{{Cite web |title=AsiaMedia : China : Censor blocks sensitive issues in BBC series |url=http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=21745 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070310194208/http://www.asiamedia.ucla.edu/article.asp?parentid=21745 |archive-date=10 March 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007}}</ref> ne Pakistan.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4437494.stm BBC Urdo taken off Pakistan radio] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051231214057/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4437494.stm|date=31 December 2005}} – BBC News: 15 November 2005.</ref> BBC Persian, omukutu gwa BBC ogw'amawulire mu lulimi [[Oluperusi]], gwaziyizibwa ku yintaneeti ya Iran mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Smith |first=James F. |last2=Barnard |first2=Anne |date=18 December 2006 |title=Iran bloggers test regime's tolerance |url=http://archive.boston.com/news/world/middleeast/articles/2006/12/18/iran_bloggers_test_regimes_tolerance/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016191018/http://boston.com/news/world/articles/2006/12/18/iran_bloggers_test_regimes_tolerance/ |archive-date=16 October 2007 |access-date=11 April 2007 |work=The Boston Globe}}</ref> Omukutu gwa BBC News gwaddamu okufulumizibwa mu China mu Gwokusatu 2008,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090408024616/http://abclive.in/abclive_global/bbc-news-website-china.html BBC News Website Gets Access in China] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090408024616/http://abclive.in/abclive_global/bbc-news-website-china.html|date=8 April 2009}} Dinesh Singh-Rawat, ABC Live, 25 March 2008.</ref> naye we bwatuukira mu Gwekkumi 2014 , yaddamu okugaanibwa.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20191208041921/http://www.bbc.co.uk/corporate2/mediacentre/statements/website-china BBC statement regarding China blocking BBC News website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208041921/http://www.bbc.co.uk/corporate2/mediacentre/statements/website-china|date=8 December 2019}} ''BBC News'' 25 October 2014</ref> Mu Gwomukaaga 2015, gavumenti ya Rwanda yassaawo envumbo etaliiko kiseera ku mpewo za BBC oluvannyuma lw’okulaga ekiwandiiko ekyalimu okusika omuguwa ku [[Rwandan genocide|kittabantu ekyaliwo mu Rwanda]] mu 1994, mu lugero lwa ''Rwanda’s Untold Story'', olwalagibwa ku BBC2 nga 1 Ogwekkumi 2014. Ofiisi ya Bungereza ey'ensonga z'ebweru yategeera "obulumi obwateekebwa mu Rwanda olw'ebitundu ebimu eby'olugero luno".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Baird |first=Dugald |date=1 June 2015 |title=Rwanda places indefinite ban on BBC broadcasts over genocide documentary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/jun/01/rwanda-places-indefinite-ban-on-bbc-broadcasts-over-genocide-documentary |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128025853/http://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/jun/01/rwanda-places-indefinite-ban-on-bbc-broadcasts-over-genocide-documentary |archive-date=28 January 2016 |access-date=10 January 2016 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Mu Gwokubiri 2017, bannamawulire okuva mu BBC (nga kw’otadde ne ''[[Daily Mail]]'', ''[[The New York Times]]'', [[Politico]], [[CNN]], n’endala) baagaanibwa okuyingira mu lukiiko lwa Amerika olwa White House.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Siddiqui |first=Sabrina |date=25 February 2017 |title=Trump press ban: BBC, CNN and Guardian denied access to briefing |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/feb/24/media-blocked-white-house-briefing-sean-spicer |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731190705/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/feb/24/media-blocked-white-house-briefing-sean-spicer |archive-date=31 July 2017 |access-date=25 February 2017 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Mu 2017, [[BBC News|BBC India]] yawerebwa okumala emyaka etaano obutakola ku [[makuumiro g'ebisolo ag’eggwanga gonna]] mu Buyindi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2017 |title=Kaziranga film: BBC banned for 5 years from all national parks, sanctuaries |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/kaziranga-film-bbc-banned-for-5-years-from-all-national-parks-sanctuaries-4613758/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418160439/https://indianexpress.com/article/india/kaziranga-film-bbc-banned-for-5-years-from-all-national-parks-sanctuaries-4613758/ |archive-date=18 April 2021 |access-date=18 April 2021 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okuggyibwako layisinsi ya [[CGTN (TV channel)|CGTN]] ey'okuweereza ku mpewo mu Bungereza nga 4 Gwokubiri 2021 nga [[Ofcom]],<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 February 2021 |title=Ofcom revokes Chinese broadcaster CGTN's UK licence |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-55931548 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210320110450/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-55931548 |archive-date=20 March 2021 |access-date=4 February 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> China yawera BBC News okuweereza mu China.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 February 2021 |title=China bans BBC News after UK pulls CGTN's license |url=https://edition.cnn.com/videos/business/2021/02/12/bbc-news-banned-china-cgtn-uk.cnnbusiness |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213225430/https://edition.cnn.com/videos/business/2021/02/12/bbc-news-banned-china-cgtn-uk.cnnbusiness |archive-date=13 February 2021 |access-date=13 February 2021}}</ref> == <small>Laba ne</small> == * [[:Category:Abasomi b'amawulire ne bannamawulire ba BBC]] * [[:Category:Emikutu gy'amawulire ku ttivvi ya BBC]] * [[Olukalala lw'abasomi b'amawulire n'abasasi ba BBC mu kiseera kino]] * [[Olukalala lw'abaali abasomi b'amawulire ne bannamawulire ba BBC]] == <small>Ebijuliziddwa</small> == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa ebweru wa Wikipedia == * {{Official website}} * {{Onion Official site|bbcnewsd73hkzno2ini43t4gblxvycyac5aw4gnv7t2rccijh7745uqd}} * [https://www.theguardian.com/media/gallery/2008/apr/18/bbc.television?picture=333595256 BBC News in focus: Photos from the past six decades] [[:en:The_Guardian|The Guardian]] * [[iarchive:TV-BBCNEWS|BBC NEWS Internet Arc]] [[Category:Ebyatandikibwawo mu Bungereza mu 1922]] [[Category:Obuweereza bw'amawulire mu nnimi ez'enjawulo]] [[Category:Amawulire ku ttivvi mu Bungereza]] [[Category:Ebitongole bya BBC]] [[Category:Abawanguzi b'awaadi za Peabody Awards]] [[Category:Abawanguzi b'awaadi za International Emmy Awards Current Affairs & News]] [[Category:Obuweereza bwa Tor Onion Services]] [[Category:Emikutu gya YouTube egyatongozebwa mu 2006]] 2pie9xh5wmkeggzwgohj2swzxjhvj2d Lwakhakha, Uganda 0 10932 75282 75197 2026-09-25T02:59:24Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75282 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Lwakhakha''' kibuga mu [./Eastern_Regionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Region,_Uganda bitundu by'obuvanjuba] bwa [[Yuganda|Uganda]] . Ky'ekimu ku bitundu byomu munisipaali ye [[Manafwa (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Manafwa]]. Ekibuga kino kiri emitala w’ensalo y’ensi yonna okuva [[:en:Lwakhakha,_Kenya|e Lwakhakha mu Kenya .]] == Abantu ab’amaanyi == * [[:en:Amos_Wekesa|Amos Masaba Wekesa]], omutandisi, nnannyini era maneja wa kkampuni wa ''Great Lakes Safaris Limited'', yazaalibwa wano mu 1973.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Villa-Clarke |first=Angelina |title=From Poverty To CEO: Ugandan Founder Of ‘Great Lakes Safaris’ Looks Back On 20 Years Of Success |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/angelinavillaclarke/2021/04/23/from-poverty-to-ceo-ugandan-founder-of-great-lakes-safaris-looks-back-on-20-years-of-success/?sh=3a10d75e947e |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125022059/https://www.forbes.com/sites/angelinavillaclarke/2021/04/23/from-poverty-to-ceo-ugandan-founder-of-great-lakes-safaris-looks-back-on-20-years-of-success/?sh=3a10d75e947e |archive-date=2025-01-25 |access-date=2026-09-24 |work=Forbes |language=en |url-status=live}}</ref> <references /> [[Category:Ebitundu mu Uganda]] om4fugnutnmz7yd4qqldjk9moh99qkd Kale Kayihura 0 11051 75279 75045 2026-09-25T02:27:56Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75279 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Edward Kalekezi Kayihura''' amanyiddwa ennyo nga '''Kale Kayihura''' [[:en:Lawyer|munnamateeka]] mu Uganda,era munamaje eyagawummulira ku ddala lya [[:en:Military_officer|Genero]] nga aweerezza okumala emyaka 41, yaliko [[:en:Policeman|omupoliisi]] era najidduumira ku ddala lya [[:en:Inspector_General|Ssabaddumizi]] wa [[:en:Uganda_Police_Force|Poliisi ya Uganda]] okuva mu 2005 okutuuka nga 5 March 2018. <ref>https://nilepost.co.ug/news/170217/gen-kayihura-finally-retires-from-updf-after-41-years</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/gen-kayihura-10-others-exit-army-4354734</ref> == Ebimukwatako == Kale Kayihura yazaalibwa mu [[Kisoro (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Kisoro]], mu bugwanjuba bwa Uganda, nga 26 Ogwekuminebiri 1955. Kayihura mutabani wa Catherine Mukarwamo ne Johnson Komuluyange Kalekezi omu ku Bannayuganda abaalwanirira obwetwaze bw’eggwanga Uganda bwelyafuna nga 9 Ogwekumi 1962. Kitaawe yafiira mu kabenje k’ennyonyi mu kibuga [[:en:Kiev|Kiev]] ekya [[:en:Ukraine|Ukraine]] nga 17 Ogwomunaana 1960 era nga mu budde buno yali Kayihura yali wa myaka ena gyokka. Nnyina ye mwana omubereberye owa Nyamihana eyali omutaka w’ekyalo Nyakabande era nga yali azaalibwa n'omulamuzi Joseph Mulenga Nyamihana, eyaliko Pulezidenti wa [[:en:East_African_Court_of_Justice|kooti yamawanga agali mu mukago gw'obuvanjuba bwa Afirika]] era kojja wa Kayihura ono yafa nga 29 Ogwomunaana 2012. <ref name="Man">http://williamkituuka.blogspot.com/2012/08/kaihura-smack-ob.html</ref> == Okusoma kwe == Kayihura emisomo gya pulayimale yajitandikira ku Gasiza Primary School mu [[Kisoro (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kisoro]] . oluvannyuma gyeyava okwegatta ku ssomero lya Buhinga Primary School mu [[Kabarole (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kabarole]] . Oluvannyuma lwokumaliriza pulayimale yagenda ku Mutolere Secondary School, e [[:en:Mutolere|Mutolere]], mu Disitulikiti y’e Kisoro, gyeyamalira siniya eyokuna era nga yabeeranga ne jjajjaawe azaala nnyina nga ono ye mugenzi ''Sofia Nyamihana'' . Kayihura yali mugezi nnyo mu kibiina era kino kyasikiriza kitaawe omuto ''Frank Gasasira'' ono yali omu ku bakozi ba gavumenti abagundiivu okusalawo okumuwereera. Mu 1974, Kale Kayihura yaweebwa ekifo ku ssomero li [[:en:St._Mary's_College_Kisubi|St. Marys college Kisubi]] gyeyasomera era eno yasoma amasomo okwali [[:en:Drama|Katemba (Drama)]], [[:en:History|Ebyafaayo]] (History), [[:en:English_Literature|Olulimi Olungereza]](English literature) kwossa [[:en:Economics|n'Eby'enfuna]] . Yakola bulungi era bweyamaliriza emisomo e Kisubi yegatta ku [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|yunivasite e Makerere]] okusoma diguli mu mateeka eya [[:en:Bachelor_of_Laws|Bachelor of Laws]] (LLB) era natikkirwa mu mwaka 1978 n’agenda ku [[:en:London_School_of_Economics|London School of Economics]] gye yatikkirwa diguli eyokubiri mu mateeka eya [[:en:Master_of_Laws|''Master of Laws'']] (LLM), mu 1982, nga aweza emyaka 26 gyokka. == Emisomo egikwatagana n'ebyekijaasi == General Kayihura yali mu matendekero gabanamaje agenjawulo era nasoma emisomo egyenjawulo okuli; <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140513095022/http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=25566%3A-new-army-big-wigs-who-are-they</ref> * Emisomo mu kuduumira amaje mu ttendekero ly’abaduumizi b’amagye, e [[:en:Nanjing|Nanjing]] mu ggwanga lya [[Cayina|China]] * ''The combined arms course'' guno gukwata ku nkwata na nkozesa ya byakulwanyisa nga emmundu. * ''The Brigade/Battalion Commander's Course'' omusomo gwabadduumizi b'ebibinja bya maje. * Omusomo gw'okugonjoola obukuubagano n'enzirukanya yemirimu ku [[:en:Nasser_Military_Academy|Nasser Military Academy]]<nowiki/>e [[:en:Cairo|Cairo]] mu [[Egypt|Misiri]] (''Conflict Resolution and Management Course'') * ''The Command and Staff Course'' ku [[:en:Maxwell_Air_Force_Base|Maxwell Air Force Base]], [[:en:Montgomery,_Alabama|Montgomery, Alabama]], [[Amerika]], okuva mu 2000 okutuuka mu 2001. == Obuweereza bwe mu gavumenti == Kayihura nga ali London ku misomo yeggatta ku kibiina kya bba mwoyo gwa Afirika ki ''<nowiki/>'Pan African activists''' Mu 1982, oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza diguli ye ey'okubiri mu mateeka mu gwanga lya Bungereza yasalawo okwegatta ku bayeekera ba [[:en:National_Resistance_Army|National Resistance Army]], abaali baggude olutalo ku gavumenti ya [[Milton Obote|Milton Obote II]] gyebalanga okubba akalulu mu akakubwa mu mwaka 1980. Abayeekera bano abaali bakulirwa [[Yoweri Museveni]] bawamba obuyinza mu mwaka 1986 era okuva olwo Kayihura natandika mu butongole obuweereza mu maje ga Uganda ne gavumenti okutwaliza awamu era bino byebimu kubifo byeyaweerezaamu;<ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/how-gen-kale-kayihura-became-so-powerful-4326874 </ref><ref>https://dailyexpress.co.ug/2023/07/04/who-is-kale-kayihura-the-retiring-nra-bush-war-general/</ref> * [[:en:Aide_de_Camp|Omuyambi omukulu]] eri [[Salim Saleh]] Omuduumizi w'ekibinja kyabayekera ekya ''Mobile Brigade'', okuva mu 1982 okutuuka mu 1986. * Avunaanyizibwa ku bakozi mu ofiisi ya Minisita omubeezi ow’ebyokwerinda, okuva mu 1986 okutuuka mu 1988. * Avunaanyizibwa ku nsonga z'ebyobufuzi n'okusoma mu kibinja kyabayeekera ekya [[:en:National_Resistance_Army|National Resistance Army]] . * Yadduumirako ebikwekweeto byamaje ga UPDF mu [[:en:Ituri_Province|ssaza Ituri]] mu ggwanga lya [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]] * Yaliko omuyambi wa [[Pulezidenti wa Uganda]] ku nsonga z'ekijaasi era nga akulembera ekitongole ekirwanyisa okukukusa ebintu ekya ''Special Revenue Police Services''. Yaliko Omuddumizi ow'okuntikko owa [[:en:Uganda_Police_Force|Poliisi ya Uganda]] . <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140314210401/http://www.independent.co.ug/cover-story/8648-gen-kayihuras-moment-has-come</ref> Ekifo kya ssabadduumizi wa Poliisi yakijjamu oluvanyuma lwokusikira [[Katumba Wamala|General Edward Katumba Wamala]] mu mwaka 2005 era nakibeeramu okutuuka mu mwaka 2018. Ono ye mujaasi (munamaje) owokubiri okuweereza nga omuduumizi wa poliisi ya Uganda mu byafaayo by’eggwanga lino. Ono yannyuka amaje mu butongole mu mwaka 2023 <ref>https://nilepost.co.ug/news/170217/gen-kayihura-finally-retires-from-updf-after-41-years</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20131126165827/http://observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=25947:ssemujju-nganda-should-the-police-celebrate-kayihura-promotion&catid=93:columnists </ref> == Obukuubagano == Kale Kayihura okutwaliza awamu yalabibwanga omusajja wa Pulezidenti Museveni eyali amaliridde okukola buli ekisoboka okulaba nga ebiruubirirwa bya mukama we [[Yoweri Museveni]] bituukirira n'okulemesa bannabyabufuzi ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti okwetaaya. Mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2016 Kayihura nga ayita mu teeka erya ''Public Order Management Act'' (POMA) Palamenti ya Uganda lyeyali eyisizza mu mwaka 2013 yalinnyirira nnyo eddembe lya banna Uganda naddala ery'okukungaana ku nkungaana z'ebyobufuzi era Poliisi gyeyali adduumira yakozesa obukambwe obwamanyi ku banna Uganda abakungaanira ku nkungaana z'ebyobufuzi naddala ez'oludda oluvuganya gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://chapterfouruganda.org/timelines/public-order-management-act-2013-timeline/parliament-passes-public-order-management-bill |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-09-30 |archive-date=2023-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331220621/https://chapterfouruganda.org/timelines/public-order-management-act-2013-timeline/parliament-passes-public-order-management-bill |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/police-block-besigye-rally-as-one-is-killed-scores-injured-1640590</ref> <ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-23587166</ref> Eteeka lino Kayihura kweyasinziiranga okugumbulula enkungaana za bannabyabufuzi naddala abali ku ludda oluvuganya oluvanyuma lyazuulwa nga lyalimu obuwaayiro obumenya ssemateeka wa Uganda naddala kuddembe ly'okukungaana era bwetyo kooti ya ssemateeka mu Uganda nesazaamu obuwaayiro obwo mu mwaka 2020 yadde nga gavumenti ya Uganda yajulira mu Kooti ensukkulumu.<ref>https://www.csostandard.org/cso-standard/constitutional-cort-nullifies-the-public-order-management-act-in-the-republic-of-uganda/</ref><ref>https://cepiluganda.org/news-blog/constitutional-court-finds-section-8-of-the-public-order-management-act-2013-unconstitutional/ </ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/government-appeals-constitutional-court-ruling-on-poma-1885510</ref> <ref>https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/constitutional-court-nullifies-a-section-under-poma-act-</ref>Kayihura era yalabika nga omuntu eyali omukambwe ekisukkiridde era ataalina kisa naddala ku nsonga z'okugumbulula abeekalakaasi ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti. Lumu Kayihura yatuuza olukiiko lwa banna mawulire nabategeeza mu lwatu nti poliisi ye gye yali adduumira ye yali ajiragidde okukuba emiggo abawagizi b'omukulembeze w'oludda oluvuganya gavumenti mu budde obwo era munna FDC Dr. [[Kizza Besigye]].<ref>http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Police-okayed-beating-of-citizens--says-Kayihura/688334-3295338-v2yu4vz/index.html</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/officers-accused-of-beating-besigye-supporters-removed-from-their-positions-1659590</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://redpepper.co.ug/police-severely-beat-kizza-besigye-supporters/67243/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-09-30 |archive-date=2024-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241207201606/https://redpepper.co.ug/police-severely-beat-kizza-besigye-supporters/67243/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wabula oluvannyuma Kayihura bannansi bamusaako akazito era namenyawo ebigambo ebyo era naasubiza okukola okunoonyereza ku baserikale era abanaazuulibwa nga beetabye mu kikolwa ekyo bakkangavvulwe.<ref>https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/kayihura-suspends-commanders-charged-for-beating-besigye-supporters-</ref><ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/video-police-put-trial-besigye-supporters-beating/</ref> Kayihura yassaawo akakiiko nekanoonyereza ku baserikale abanokolwayo era abamu emisango gyabasinga era nebaweebwa ebibonerezo yadde nga abamu ku banna Uganda omwali ne Dr Besigye baagamba nti ebibonerezo tebyali bikakali kimala kukoma ku baserikale bano kukomya kutulugunya bantu. <ref>https://chimpreports.com/besigye-decries-light-punishments-for-officers-who-beat-his-supporters/</ref><ref>https://eagle.co.ug/2016/09/06/police-tormentors-besigye-supporters-case-answer-police-says/</ref><ref>https://chimpreports.com/police-reshuffle-is-kayihura-under-pressure-over-besigye-supporters/</ref>Ekikolwa kya Kayihura okukangavvula basajja be nabamu okubasa amaddaala tekyalobera bamu ku bannamateeka kukuba Kayihura n’abaduumizi abalala ab’oku ntikko mu Poliisi ya Uganda mu kooti olw'okukuba abantu okwaliwo mu Gwomusanvu 2016. Kooti e Makindye omusango gyegwawabwa yafulumya ebbaluwa eziyita Kayihura ne banne abalala musanvu okulabikako mu kkooti beewozeeko ku emisango gy’okutulugunya abantu kyokka bonna tebaalabikako mu kkooti.<ref>https://www.watchdoguganda.com/news/20160811/2434/gen-kayihura-i-didnt-snub-court-i-wasnt-just-served-with-summons.html</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/gen-kayihura-snubs-court-as-his-supporters-overwhelm-security--1661834 </ref> Ku lunaku Kayihura lwatalabikako mu kooti waaliiwo akavuyo abavubuka abeeyita abawagizi be bwebajja mu bunji ku kooti nebakola effujjo nga bawakanya ekya kooti okuyita omuntu waabwe. Kayihura mu kwewozaako lwaki yali talabise mu kooti yategeeza nti yali tafunye mpapula zimuyita mu kooti nga n'olwekyo yali tayina nsonga emutwalayo.<ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/was-kayihura-served-criminal-summons--1662200</ref><ref>https://www.en.umuseke.rw/gen-kayihura-snubs-court-as-his-supporters-overwhelm-security.html</ref> Emisango egyali givunaanibwa Kayihura oluvannyuma gyayimirizibwa eyali omumyuka wa Ssaabalamuzi wa Uganda mu budde obwo Steven Kavuma mu ngeri etateegerekeka bulunji yadde nga ne ssabawaabi wa gavumenti yali amaze okuteekamu okusaba okweddiza emisango gyegimu.<ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/dpp-moves-to-take-over-kayihura-case-1661938</ref><ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/dep-chief-justice-issues-interim-court-order-stop-prosecution-igp-kayihura/</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/justice-kavuma-stops-kayihura-prosecution-1663986</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170307084415/https://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2016/af/265314.htm</ref> Nga 13 Ogwomukaaga 2018 oluvannyuma lw'okugobwa ku bwa ssabaddumizi wa Poliisi Kayihura yakwatibwa ku bigambibwa nti yali ateeberezebwa okuba n'omukono mu kufa kweyali omwogezi wa poliisi ya Uganda [[:en:Andrew_Felix_Kaweesi|Andrew Felix Kaweesi]] mu Gwokusatu 2017. <ref>http://www.africanews.com/2018/06/14/uganda-ex-police-chief-arrested-over-police-spokesman-s-killing/</ref> Kale Kayihura yalabikako mu kkooti y’amaje mu Kampala mu Uganda nga 24 Ogwomunaana 2018 oluvannyuma nayimbulwa ku kakalu ka kkooti oluvannyuma lw’okumala ennaku 76 mu busibe ku misango gy’okulemererwa okukuuma ebyokulwanyisa ebikozesebwa mu ntalo n’okuyambako mu kuwamba abantu naddala bannansi b'eggwanga lya [[Rwanda]]. Oluvannyuma oludda oluwaabi emisango gino lwagigyamu enta era Kayihura nayimbulwa<ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/state-drops-charges-against-gen-kayihura-s-men-4546764</ref> <ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/military-court-frees-ex-police-boss-gen-kayihura-4352474</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.voanews.com/africa/ugandas-former-police-chief-released-bail |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-09-30 |archive-date=2021-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423092545/https://www.voanews.com/africa/ugandas-former-police-chief-released-bail |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Okugobwa ku bwa Ssabaduumizi wa Poliisi == Nga 4 Ogwokusatu 2018, Pulezidenti [[Yoweri Museveni]] yakuza [[Martin Okoth Ochola]], eyali amyuuka okufuuka ssabaduumizi wa Poliisi ya Uganda omujjuvu. Mu nkyukakyuuka z'ezimu ne ''Lieutenant General'' [[Henry Tumukunde]] yagobwa ku bwa Minisita w'obutebenkevu mu ggwanga.<ref>https://www.myuganda.co.ug/kale-kaihura-tukukunde-fired/</ref><ref>https://observer.ug/news/headlines/57086-museveni-fires-police-boss-kayihura-security-minister-tumukunde.html</ref> Kino kyaddirira embeera y'ebyokwerinda okuba nga yali edoboonkanye nnyo nga abantu bawambibwa, abamu batulugunyizibwa, abalala batemulwa ate nga abakola ebikolobero ebyo tebakwatibwa ekintu ekyayolesa obunafu mu bitongole by'ebyokwerinda mu Uganda. <ref name="Out">http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Museveni-fires-Kayihura--Tumukunde/688334-4328396-8ig9p9z/index.html</ref> == Obulamu obwabulijjo == Kayihura musajja mufumbo era mukyala we ye Angella Kayihura, [[Kenya|Munsi wa kenya]] asibuka mu ggwanga lya [[Rwanda]] . omukyala ono alina oluganda ku [[:en:Rudahigwa|Rudahigwa]], omu ku bakulembeze ab'ennono abafuganga mu ggwanga lya Rwanda nga terinafuna mefuga. Kayihura ne mukyala we balina baana babiri. Era alina ne faamu mu kitungu ekiyitibwa kasagama mu [[Lyantonde (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Lyantonde]], gyeyawummulira oluvannyuma lw'okuwummula emirimu gyamaje ne Poliisi era nga eno alinayo embuzi, ebirime, ente kwossa n'okukola ebintu ebiva mu bulimu nga ''Yoghurt''. == Envumbo okuva mu Amerika == Nga 13 Ogwomwenda 2019, Kayihura yassibwako envumbo okuva mu gavumenti ya America nga eyita mu kitongole kya ''Department of Treasury'' nga bamulanga kutyoboola ennyo eddembe ly’obuntu bwe yali adduumira [[:en:Uganda_Police_Force|Poliisi ya Uganda]] (UPF). Envumbo zino zeekuusa ku Kayihura okwenyigira mu okudduumira ekitongole ki ''Flying Squad Unit'' okutulugunya Bannayuganda mu bifo ebyenjawulo nga amakomera n'obuddukulu kwossa ebifo omwasibirwanga abantu ebyayitibwanga ''safe house'' mu bimu ku bifo ebyanokolwayo mwalimu '''''Nalufenya Special Investigations Centre''''' e [[Jinja]] mu buvanjuba bwa Uganda. Envumbo zino era zatwaliramu okukwata n'okubowa eby'obugagga bya Kayihura byonna mu ggwanga lya Amerika kwossa nebyo byalina mu makampuni nga yasinzamu emigabo obo ebyo ebyabantu abali ennyo ku lusegere lwe. <ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/us-imposes-sanctions-on-kayihura-1847586</ref><ref>https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sm775</ref> == Laba ne == * [[:en:Uganda_National_Police|Poliisi ya Uganda]] * [[:en:List_of_military_schools_in_Uganda|Olukalala lw'amatendekero g'amaje mu Uganda]] * [[:en:Luke_Kercan_Ofungi|Luke Kercan Ofungi]] * [[Kisoro (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kisoro]] * [[:en:Johnson_Omuhunde_Rwashote_Byabashaija|Johnson Byabashaija]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == [[Category:Abaasomera ku Makerere University]] [[Category:Bannamateeka ba Uganda]] [[Category:Bannayuganda bannamagye]] <references /> [[Category:Bassaabaduumizi ba Poliisi (Yuganda)]] [[Category:Poliisi ya Yuganda]] [[Category:Abakungu ba gavumenti mu Yuganda]] [[Category:Aba poliisi ba Yuganda]] c9nex4px088b0ybldyq9eqxwe28x2zs Kassim Ouma 0 11313 75280 72853 2026-09-25T02:36:54Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75280 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Kassim Ouma''' yazaalibwa Ogwekumineebiri nga 12 mu 1978) Munnayuganda [[:en:Professional_boxer|omuzannyi w'ebikonde eby'ensiimbi]]. Yawangulako engule y'ensi yonna eya [[:en:International_Boxing_Federation|IBF]] [[:en:Junior_middleweight|ey'abali mu buzito bwa wakati]] okuva mu 2004 okutuusa mu 2005, era avuganyiza ku ngule y'obuzito bwa wakati mu 2006 ne 2011. == Obulamu bwe == Yazaalibwa mu bwavu, ku myaka mukaaga yasengulwa olutalo era n'akomekerera ng’akuumibwa amagye g’abayeekera agaaliwo ebiseera ebyo aga [[:en:National_Resistance_Army|National Resistance Army]] ng'era yamala akabanga nga talaba ku famire ye okumala emyaka etaano. Ouma ye mwana ow'omusanvu ku 13, nga kuno kuliko baganda bbe abalenzi 7, nebannyina 5. Banganda bbe abalenzi 4 beebakyaali abalamu. == Nga akyali kyakayiga == Ng'avudde mu magye, Ouma yatandika okuzannya ebikonde n'akungaanya likodi nga kyakayiga ez'okuwanguzi 62 n'okubwa okw'emirundi 3. Yalondebwa okubeera ku ttiimu y'eggwanga lya Uganda ey'ebikonde ng'era yalina okulwana mu mpaka [[:en:1996_Summer_Olympics|z'Olympics ez'omukyeya mu 1996]] mu [[:en:Atlanta,_Georgia|Atlanta, Georgia]], wabula nga teyazetabaamu olw'okubeera nga yali talina bulungi ssente. == Nga azannya eby'ekikugu == Ku lugendo lwa ttiimu y’eggwanga eya Uganda ey'abakyakayiga mu [[Amerika]], Ouma yasalawo okusigalayo atandike okuzannya ebikonde eby'ensiimbi kimusobozese okulabirira famire ye eyali mu Uganda. Ouma oluvannyuma yawangula engule y’ensi yonna mu buzito bwa wakati eya [[:en:International_Boxing_Federation|International Boxing Federation]] (IBF). Ouma yaliko nnantameggwa era eyavuganya ku mutendera gw'obuzito bwa [[:en:Light_Middleweight|Light Middleweight]] . Alina obuwanguzi obw’omutindo ku Jason Papillion, [[:en:Juan_Carlos_Candelo|Juan Carlos Candelo,]] ne [[:en:Verno_Phillips|Verno Phillips]], ng'obuwanguzi bwe obw'okubiri ku ye bwebwamufunisa engule ya [[:en:International_Boxing_Federation|IBF]] Light Middleweight. Ouma yediza engule ye oluvannyuma lwa lawundi 12 ezaliko okusalawo kw'abantu abasuka mu omu bweyali alwana ne [[:en:Kofi_Jantuah|Kofi Jantuah]] okuva e [[Ghana]]. Oluvannyuma Ouma yafiirwa engule ye olw'okusalawo kw'abantu abaali basuka mu omu ng'akubiddwa [[:en:Roman_Karmazin|Roman Karmazin]], mu lulwana olutongole Ouma mwebamutekera wansi emirundi ebbiri. Gwali mulundi gwakubiri gwokka ng’akubwa mu bulamu bwe. Okuva mu lulwaana lwa Karmazin, Ouma asigadde mu buzito bwa Light Middleweight, n’afuna obuwanguzi bwa mirundi esatu, ebbiri nga gya tonzirira nga. Mu Gwokutaano nga 6, 2006 Ouma yawangula [[:en:Marco_Antonio_Rubio|Marco Antonio Rubio]] mu kusalawo okwali okwokweyawulamu newankubadde ng'ono yali yakubiddwa n'agwa mu lawundi esooka. Ouma yakomawo mu liingi n’obuwanguzi obwali bumatiza ng'azannya [[:en:Sechew_Powell|Sechew Powell]] mu Gwomunaana 5, 2006 eyali takubwa ngako, ng'asoosa mukono ddyo n'ekigere mu maaso ng'alwana ka kkono. Powell yali ava mu Brooklyn, NY ng'olulwana lwaliwo mu kifo ekimannyikiddwa nga [[:en:Madison_Square_Garden|Madison Square Garden]]. Obubonero obutongole bwali 90-100, 93-97, ne 94-96 nga bwonna bubwa wa Kassim Ouma mu kusalawo okwali okw'abantu abaali basuka mu omu. Ouma yafiirwa engule y'obuzito bwa wakati eri [[:en:Jermain_Taylor|Jermain Taylor]] mu Gwekumineebiri nga 9, 2006. Amaanyi ga Taylor n'engeri gyeyapima ngamu ebmikono gye byakuumira nga Ouma obutakasuka bikonde bingi nga bw’atera okukikola. Wadde nga yamira ng'enguumi nnyingi ezaali ez'amaanyi, Ouma teyagwa wansi. Olulwana lwagendera ddala paka ku lawundi 12 ezijjuvu, era Ouma n’awangulwa mu kusalawo okwali okw'abantu abasuka mu omu. Abalamuzi baayawuzaamu obubonero bw'olulwana nga bagamba nti 118-110, 117-111 ne 115-113 ku Taylor eyali ewaka mu [[:en:Little_Rock,_Arkansas|kibuga Little Rock ekya Arkansas .]] Oluvannyuma lw’olulwana lwa Taylor, Ouma yakubwa emirundi egidiringana mu kusalawo ng'alwana ne Saul Roman mu Gwekumi mu 2007 ne Cornelius Bundrage mu Gwokusatu 2008. Mu Gwomwenda nga 25, 2010, Ouma yayimiriza [[:en:Joey_Gilbert|Joey Gilbert]] mu lawundi ey’omukaaga mu lulwana lwabwe olwa lawundi 10 olw’engule ya NABA eky’obuzito bwa wakati etaaliko nannyini yo, mu lulwaana olwali mu [[:en:Grand_Sierra_Resort|Grand Sierra Resort]] e Reno, Nevada. == Obulamu bwe == Bwe yali mu Uganda teyakubwaako ku masasi wadde nga yali mu magye. Kyokka oluvannyuma lw’okusenga mu Amerika yakubwa amasasi emirundi ebiri mu [[:en:Florida|Florida]] mu Gwekumineebiri mu 2002. Okusinziira ku Ouma, kitaawe yakubwa amagye ga Uganda n’afa nga beesasuza olw’okuva mu ggwanga lino. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://observer.guardian.co.uk/osm/story/0,,2134281,00.html |title="The Big Interview" at Guardian unlimited |access-date=2025-07-30 |archive-date=2007-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070810012506/http://observer.guardian.co.uk/osm/story/0,,2134281,00.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>[http://kassimouma.org/Bio.html Biograph at Ouma's website]{{dead link|date=January 2018|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Akataambi akakwatibwa nga kayitibwa ''Kassim the Dream'' kyakolebwa mu 2008. Kaali ku bumu obwalondebwa mu butongole mu bikujuko bya ffirimu ebiwerako. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Kassim The Dream|url=http://www.kassimthedream.com/|access-date=2021-08-18|website=www.kassimthedream.com|archive-date=2021-07-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727054205/http://kassimthedream.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Laba ne bino == * [[:en:List_of_kidnappings|Olukalala lw’abantu abawambibwa]] * [[:en:List_of_solved_missing_person_cases:_pre-2000|Olukalala lw’emisango gy’abantu abaabula egyagonjolebwa]] == Likodi zze mu ebikonde eby’ensiimbi == {{BoxingRecordSummary|draws=1|nc=1|ko-wins=18|ko-losses=4|dec-wins=11|dec-losses=14|dq-wins=|dq-losses=}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !Namba !Ebyavaamu !Likodi !Gweyali alwana naye !Ekika !Lawundi n'obudde !Eanaku z'omwezi !Gyebaali !Ebiwandiiko |- |49 |{{no2}}Loss |29–18–1 (1) | style="text-align:left;" |Fedor Michel |UD |6 |Ogwokutaano, 25 2022 | style="text-align:left;" |Felsenkeller, Traunreut, Germany | |- |48 |{{no2}}Loss |29–17–1 (1) | style="text-align:left;" |Ryno Liebenberg |UD |8 |Ogwokusatu 26, 2022 | style="text-align:left;" |Westfalenhalle, Dortmund, Germany | |- |47 |{{no2}}Loss |29–16–1 (1) | style="text-align:left;" |Ibrahima Diallo |RTD |4 (8), 3:00 |Ogwekumineebiri 4, 2021 | style="text-align:left;" |Sartory Saele, Cologne, Germany | |- |46 |{{no2}}Loss |29–15–1 (1) | style="text-align:left;" |Tony Browne |UD |8 |Ogwokusatu 28, 2021 | style="text-align:left;" |Claridge Events, Brussels, Belgium | |- |45 |{{no2}}Loss |29–14–1 (1) | style="text-align:left;" |Ashley Theophane |UD |10 |Ogwekumi 5, 2019 | style="text-align:left;" |Gilleleje Hallen, Gilleleje, Denmark | |- |44 |{{no2}}Loss |29–13–1 (1) | style="text-align:left;" |Fiodor Czerkaszyn |TKO |2 (8), 2:10 |Ogwokusatu 23, 2019 | style="text-align:left;" |Hala Sportowa im. Olimpijczykow, ul. Ksieznej Anny 18, Lomza, Poland | |- |43 |{{no2}}Loss |29–12–1 (1) | style="text-align:left;" |Pavel Semjonov |UD |8 |Ogwekuminoogumu 16, 2011 | style="text-align:left;" |Kalev, Tallinn, Estonia | |- |42 |{{no2}}Loss |29–11–1 (1) | style="text-align:left;" |Ilias Essaoudi |UD |8 |Ogwekumineebiri 3 2017 | style="text-align:left;" |Hamburg, Germany | |- |41 |{{no2}}Loss |29–10–1 (1) | style="text-align:left;" |Kamil Szeremeta |UD |10 |Ogwomunaana 20, 2016 | style="text-align:left;" |Amfiteatr, Misdroy, Poland | |- |40 |{{yes2}}Win |29–9–1 (1) | style="text-align:left;" |Adam Katumwa |TKO |6 (8) |Ogwokuna 22, 2016 | style="text-align:left;" |Okapi Hotel Kigali, Rwanda | |- |39 |{{no2}}Loss |28–9–1 (1) | style="text-align:left;" |Igor Selivanov |UD |8 |Ogwekuminoogumu 29, 2015 | style="text-align:left;" |Club A2, Saint Petersburg, Russia | |- |38 |{{yes2}}Win |28–8–1 (1) | style="text-align:left;" |Rahman Mustafa Yusubov |UD |6 |Ogwekumineebiri 11, 2013 | style="text-align:left;" |EconoLodge, Allentown, Pennsylvania, US | |- |37 |{{no2}}Loss |27–8–1 (1) | style="text-align:left;" |Gennady Golovkin |TKO |10 (12), 1:57 |Ogwomukaaga 17, 2011 | style="text-align:left;" |Roberto Durán Arena, Panama City, Panama | style="text-align:left;" |For WBA (Regular) middleweight title |- |36 |{{yes2}}Win |27–7–1 (1) | style="text-align:left;" |Joey Gilbert |TKO |6 (10), 0:59 |Ogwomwenda 25, 2010 | style="text-align:left;" |Grand Sierra Resort, Reno, Nevada, US | style="text-align:left;" |Won vacant WBA–NABA middleweight title |- |35 |{{no2}}Loss |26–7–1 (1) | style="text-align:left;" |Vanes Martirosyan |UD |10 |Ogusooka 16, 2010 | style="text-align:left;" |The Joint, Paradise, Nevada, US | style="text-align:left;" |For WBO–NABO and NABF light middleweight titles |- |34 |{{no2}}Loss |26–6–1 (1) | style="text-align:left;" |Gabriel Rosado |SD |10 |Ogwokuna 24, 2009 | style="text-align:left;" |Prudential Center, Newark, New Jersey, US | |- |33 |{{yes2}}Win |26–5–1 (1) | style="text-align:left;" |Martinus Clay |TKO |6 (10), 1:38 |Ogwekumi 4, 2008 | style="text-align:left;" |32nd Street Armory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US | |- |32 |{{no2}}Loss |25–5–1 (1) | style="text-align:left;" |Cornelius Bundrage |UD |10 |Ogwokusatu, 28, 2008 | style="text-align:left;" |Seneca Allegany Casino, Salamanca, New York, US | |- |31 |{{no2}}Loss |25–4–1 (1) | style="text-align:left;" |Saúl Román |SD |10 |Ogwekuminoogumu 2, 2007 | style="text-align:left;" |Morongo Casino Resort & Spa, Cabazon, California, US | |- |30 |{{no2}}Loss |25–3–1 (1) | style="text-align:left;" |Jermain Taylor |UD |12 |Ogwekumineebiri 9, 2009 | style="text-align:left;" |Alltel Arena, North Little Rock, Arkansas, US | style="text-align:left;" |For WBC, WBO, and The Ring middleweight titles |- |29 |{{yes2}}Win |25–2–1 (1) | style="text-align:left;" |Sechew Powell |UD |10 |Ogwomunaana 5, 2006 | style="text-align:left;" |Madison Square Garden, New York City, New York, US | |- |28 |{{yes2}}Win |24–2–1 (1) | style="text-align:left;" |Marco Antonio Rubio |SD |12 |Ogwokutaano 6, 2006 | style="text-align:left;" |MGM Grand Garden Arena, Paradise, Nevada, US | style="text-align:left;" |Retained WBO–NABO light middleweight title |- |27 |{{yes2}}Win |23–2–1 (1) | style="text-align:left;" |Francisco Antonio Mora |TKO |8 (12), 2:34 |Ogusooka, 27, 2006 | style="text-align:left;" |Desert Diamond Casino, Tucson, Arizona, US | style="text-align:left;" |Won vacant WBO–NABO light middleweight title |- |26 |{{yes2}}Win |22–2–1 (1) | style="text-align:left;" |Alfredo Cuevas |RTD |4 (10), 3:00 |Ogwekumi 13, 2005 | style="text-align:left;" |Borgata Hotel Casino & Spa, Atlantic City, New Jersey, US | |- |25 |{{no2}}Loss |21–2–1 (1) | style="text-align:left;" |Roman Karmazin |UD |12 |Ogwomusanvu 14, 2005 | style="text-align:left;" |The Orleans, Paradise, Nevada, US | style="text-align:left;" |Lost IBF light middleweight title |- |24 |{{yes2}}Win |21–1–1 (1) | style="text-align:left;" |Kofi Jantuah |UD |12 |Ogusooka 29, 2005 | style="text-align:left;" |Boardwalk Hall, Atlantic City, New Jersey, US | style="text-align:left;" |Retained IBF light middleweight title |- |23 |{{yes2}}Win |20–1–1 (1) | style="text-align:left;" |Verno Phillips |UD |12 |Ogwekumi 2, 2004 | style="text-align:left;" |Caesars Palace, Paradise, Nevada, US | style="text-align:left;" |Won IBF light middleweight title |- |22 |{{yes2}}Win |19–1–1 (1) | style="text-align:left;" |Juan Carlos Candelo |TKO |10 (12), 0:15 |Ogusooka 3, 2004 | style="text-align:left;" |Foxwoods Resort Casino, Ledyard, Connecticut, US | |- |21 |{{yes2}}Win |18–1–1 (1) | style="text-align:left;" |Carlos Bojorquez |TKO |8 (10), 0:35 |Ogwomunaana 22, 2003 | style="text-align:left;" |Silver Star Hotel & Casino, Choctaw, Mississippi, US | |- |20 |{{yes2}}Win |17–1–1 (1) | style="text-align:left;" |Ángel Hernández |SD |12 |Ogwokutaano 30, 2003 | style="text-align:left;" |Foxwoods Resort Casino, Ledyard, Connecticut, US | style="text-align:left;" |Won vacant USBA light middleweight title |- |19 | style="background:#DDD" |NC |16–1–1 (1) | style="text-align:left;" |Darrell Woods |TKO |11 (12), 0:25 |Ogwekumi 4, 2002 | style="text-align:left;" |Dover Downs, Dover, Delaware, US | style="text-align:left;" |USBA light middleweight title at stake;Originally a TKO win for Ouma, later ruled an NC after he failed a drug test |- |18 |{{yes2}}Win |16–1–1 | style="text-align:left;" |Jason Papillion |RTD |8 (12), 3:00 |Ogwokutaano 10, 2002 | style="text-align:left;" |Dover Downs, Dover, Delaware, US | style="text-align:left;" |Won vacant USBA light middleweight title |- |17 |{{yes2}}Win |15–1–1 | style="text-align:left;" |Michael Lerma |UD |10 |Ogwokubiri 15, 2002 | style="text-align:left;" |Museum of Art, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US | |- |16 |{{yes2}}Win |14–1–1 | style="text-align:left;" |Pedro Ortega |RTD |4 (10), 3:00 |Ogwekumineebiri 13, 2001 | style="text-align:left;" |Mohegan Sun Arena, Montville, Connecticut, US | |- |15 |{{yes2}}Win |13–1–1 | style="text-align:left;" |Verno Phillips |UD |10 |Ogwomukaaga 29, 2001 | style="text-align:left;" |Magic Casino, Hankinson, North Dakota, US | |- |14 |{{yes2}}Win |12–1–1 | style="text-align:left;" |Tony Marshall |UD |10 |Ogwomukaaga 29, 2001 | style="text-align:left;" |Grand Casino, Gulfport, Mississippi, US | |- |13 |{{draw}}Draw |11–1–1 | style="text-align:left;" |James Coker |TD |2 (12), 1:46 |Ogwokuna 26, 2001 | style="text-align:left;" |Hilton Anatole, Dallas, Texas, US | style="text-align:left;" |For vacant WBC Continental Americas light middleweight title;TD after Coker was cut from an accidental head clash |- |12 |{{yes2}}Win |11–1 | style="text-align:left;" |Quvonchbek Toygonbayev |UD |6 |Ogwekumi 13, 2000 | style="text-align:left;" |Foxwoods Resort Casino, Ledyard, Connecticut, US | |- |11 |{{yes2}}Win |10–1 | style="text-align:left;" |Alex Bunema |RTD |4 (8), 3:00 |Ogwokutaano 4, 2000 | style="text-align:left;" |Dallas, Texas, US | |- |10 |{{no2}}Loss |9–1 | style="text-align:left;" |Agustin Silva |TKO |1 (4) |Ogwekuminoogumu 20, 1999 | style="text-align:left;" |Miccosukee Resort & Gaming, Miami, Florida, US | |- |9 |{{yes2}}Win |9–0 | style="text-align:left;" |Angel Villegas |TKO |8 (8) |Ogwomukaaga 18, 1999 | style="text-align:left;" |Robert and Mary Montgomery Armory Art Center, West Palm Beach, Florida, US | |- |8 |{{yes2}}Win |8–0 | style="text-align:left;" |Emiliano Valdez |PTS |6 |Ogusooka 30, 1999 | style="text-align:left;" |Miccosukee Resort & Gaming, Miami, Florida, US | |- |7 |{{yes2}}Win |7–0 | style="text-align:left;" |Victor Ramos |TKO |5 (12), 2:50 |Ogusooka 15, 1999 | style="text-align:left;" |Order Sons of Italy, Lake Worth, Florida, US | style="text-align:left;" |Won vacant Florida light middleweight title |- |6 |{{yes2}}Win |6–0 | style="text-align:left;" |Jerry Smith |TKO |3 (8), 2:37 |Ogwekuminoogumu 20, 1998 | style="text-align:left;" |Southeastern Livestock Pavilion, Ocala, Florida, US | |- |5 |{{yes2}}Win |5–0 | style="text-align:left;" |Rodney Weston |KO |1 (6), 2:54 |Ogwekuminoogumu 7, 1998 | style="text-align:left;" |Order Sons of Italy, Lake Worth, Florida, US | |- |4 |{{yes2}}Win |4–0 | style="text-align:left;" |Renan Reyes |KO |1 (6), 1:44 |Ogwekumi 16, 1998 | style="text-align:left;" |War Memorial Auditorium, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, US | |- |3 |{{yes2}}Win |3–0 | style="text-align:left;" |Joseph Ragusa |KO |1 (4), 0:27 |Ogwomwenda 12, 1998 | style="text-align:left;" |Order Sons of Italy, Lake Worth, Florida, US | |- |2 |{{yes2}}Win |2–0 | style="text-align:left;" |Alton Madison |TKO |3 (4), 2:19 |Ogwomusanvu 27, 1998 | style="text-align:left;" |Order Sons of Italy, Lake Worth, Florida, US | |- |1 |{{yes2}}Win |1–0 | style="text-align:left;" |Napoleon Middlebrooks |TKO |1 (4), 1:20 |Ogwomusanvu 10, 1998 | style="text-align:left;" |War Memorial Auditorium, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, US | |} == Ebijuliziddwaamu == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ewalala w'oyinza okubigya == * Boxing record for Kassim Ouma from BoxRec (registration required) {{s-start}} {{s-sports}} {{s-text|style=background:#C1D8FF; font-weight: bold;|text=Regional boxing titles}} {{s-break}} {{s-vac|last=Johnny Gutierrez}} {{s-ttl|title=Florida [[light middleweight]] champion|years=15 January 1999 – April 2001<br>Vacated}} {{s-vac|next=Inka Laleye}} {{s-break}} {{s-vac|last=[[Winky Wright]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[United States Boxing Association|USBA]] light middleweight champion|years=10 May 2002 – October 2002<br>Stripped}} {{s-vac|next=Himself}} {{s-break}} {{s-vac|last=Himself}} {{s-ttl|title=USBA light middleweight champion|years=30 May 2003 – June 2003<br>Vacated}} {{s-vac|next=Tybius Flowers}} {{s-break}} {{s-vac|last=Joe Wyatt}} {{s-ttl|title=[[World Boxing Organization|WBO]]–[[North American Boxing Organization|NABO]]<br>light middleweight champion|years=27 January 2006 – December 2006<br>Vacated}} {{s-vac|next=Charles Whittaker}} {{s-break}} {{s-vac|last=Renan St Juste}} {{s-ttl|title=[[World Boxing Association|WBA]]–[[North American Boxing Association|NABA]]<br>light middleweight champion|years=25 September 2010 – May 2011<br>Vacated}} {{s-vac|next=[[Andy Lee (boxer)|Andy Lee]]}} {{s-text|style=background:#C1D8FF; font-weight: bold;|text=World boxing titles}} {{s-bef|before=[[Verno Phillips]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[List of IBF world champions#Junior middleweight|IBF light middleweight champion]]|years=2 October 2004 – 14 July 2005}} {{s-aft|after=[[Roman Karmazin]]}} {{s-end}} [[Category:Omuzannyo gw'Ebikonde mu Uganda]] 0v71n1zripa6n344suqmksvne3y4v39 Pio Zirimu 0 11449 75286 75144 2026-09-25T04:39:38Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75286 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Pio Zirimu''' (yafa 1977) yali [[:en:Ugandan|Munnayuganda]] omukugu mu nnimi, omukenkufu era omukugu mu by'ebiwandiiko. Aweebwa ekitiibwa olw'okuyiiya ekigambo "orature" ng'eky'okudda mu kigambo ekyali kikozesebwa nga, " [[:en:Oral_literature|oral literature]] " <ref name="ohio">{{Cite journal |last=Thiong'o |first=Ngũgĩ Wa |date=2007-11-30 |title=Notes towards a Performance Theory of Orature |url=http://www.ohio.edu/people/hartleyg/ref/Ngugi_Orature.html |journal=Performance Research |volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=4–7 |doi=10.1080/13528160701771253 |issn=1352-8165 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920000340/http://www.ohio.edu/people/hartleyg/ref/Ngugi_Orature.html |archive-date=2016-09-20}}</ref> ekikozesebwa okutegeeza ennono z'Afirika ezitali mpandiike. Zirimu era yali mukulu nnyo mu kutereeza emisomo gy’ebiwandiiko mu[[:en:Makerere_University|Ssettendekero wa Makerere]] okussa essira ku biwandiiko n’obuwangwa bw’Afirika mu kifo ky’okussa essira ku mateeka g’Olungereza. <ref name="The Columbian guide">{{Cite book |last=Gikandi |first=Simon |date=2007 |title=The Columbia guide to East African literature in English since 1945 |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0231125208 |last2=Mwangi |first2=Evan |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-12520-8 |series=The Columbia guides to literature since 1945 |location=New York}}</ref> == Obuto bwe n'emisomo gye == Zirumu yazaalibwa mu [[:en:Buganda|Buganda]] . Emisomo gye egya siniya yagisomera ku [[King's College, Budo|King's College Budo]], n'oluvannyuma n'agenda mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|Ssettendekero wa Makerere]] ne [[:en:University_of_Leeds|University of Leeds]], nga yali era asoma ne [[:en:Ngũgĩ_wa_Thiong'o|Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] . Zirimu bwe yali e Makerere, yasisinkana omutontomi era omuzannyi wa katemba Munnayuganda [[:en:Elvania_Namukwaya_Zirimu|Elvania Namukwaya Zirimu]] . Baali ba kufumbiriganwa oluvannyuma era obufumbo buno bwavaamu omwana ow'obuwala. == Emirimu gye egy'obusomesa == Oluvannyuma Zirimu yasomesa mu bbanguliro ly'ennimi mu Ssettendekero wa Makerere erya Institute of Languages Studies, gye y'enyigira mu kuteekawo emitendera egy’okusalawo ebiwandiiko by’Afirika ebyaliwo myaka gya 1960. Yali mu [[:en:African_Writers_Conference|lukungaana lw'abawandiisi b'Afirika]] olwatuula e Makerere nga 1 Ogwomukaaga 1962 — mu butongole olwayitibwa "Conference of African Writers of English Expression", nga luno lwe lwali lukuŋŋaana olunene olw'ensi yonna olwasooka olw'abawandiisi n'abavumirira ebiwandiiko bya Afirika ku ssemazinga wa Afrika. <ref name="NewEra">{{Cite web |url=https://www.newera.com.na/2008/04/18/namibian-literatureat-the-cross-roads/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-08-08 |archive-date=2016-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160724201903/http://www.newera.com.na/2008/04/18/namibian-literatureat-the-cross-roads/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=H-Net Discussion Networks - CfP: African Literature Conference At Makerere University |url=http://h-net.msu.edu/cgi-bin/logbrowse.pl?trx=vx&list=H-Africa&month=1111&week=d&msg=pfag46ADWp/rx2gi8SBY5Q&user=&pw= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130412071034/http://h-net.msu.edu/cgi-bin/logbrowse.pl?trx=vx&list=H-Africa&month=1111&week=d&msg=pfag46ADWp/rx2gi8SBY5Q&user=&pw= |archive-date=2013-04-12 |access-date=2026-09-23 |website=h-net.msu.edu |url-status=live}}</ref> Era gwali mu abawandiisi bangi abamanyifu mu Afirika abagwetabamu, omwali [[:en:Chinua_Achebe|Chinua Achebe]], [[:en:Wole_Soyinka|Wole Soyinka]], [[:en:John_Pepper_Clark|John Pepper Clark]], [[:en:Ezekiel_Mphahlele|Ezekiel Mphahlele]], [[:en:Bloke_Modisane|Bloke Modisane]], [[:en:Lewis_Nkosi|Lewis Nkosi]], [[:en:Ngũgĩ_wa_Thiong'o|Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o]] (mu kiseera ekyo yali amanyiddwa nga James Ngugi), [[:en:Ezekiel_Mphahlele|Ezekiel Mphahlele]], [[:en:Robert_Serumaga|Robert Serumaga]], [[:en:Rajat_Neogy|Rajat Neogy]] (omutandisi w'akatabo ka... ''[[:en:Transition_Magazine|Transition Magazine]]'' ), [[:en:Okot_p'Bitek|Okot p'Bitek]] ne [[:en:David_Rubadiri|David Rubadiri]] . <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.90.mak.ac.ug/timeline/first-makerere-african-writers-conference-1962 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-08-08 |archive-date=2013-12-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227185921/http://www.90.mak.ac.ug/timeline/first-makerere-african-writers-conference-1962 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Kurtz |first=John Roger |date=1998 |title=Urban Obsessions, Urban Fears: The Postcolonial Kenyan Novel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6Mdei1-NHu0C&dq=african+writers+conference+1962&pg=PA16 |publisher=Africa World Press |isbn=978-0-86543-657-2 |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="NewEra" /> == Emirimu gye egifulumiziddwa == * "An approach to Black Aesthetics", in  <cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFPio_ZirimuAndrew_Gurr1973">(1973). ''Black Aesthetics: Papers from a Colloquium Held at the University of Nairobi, June, 1971''. East African Literature Bureau. ISBN&nbsp;<nowiki><bdi>978-0860702573</bdi></nowiki>.</cite> * "Oracy as a tool of development", in  <cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFPio_ZirimuAndrew_Gurr1973">(1973). ''Black Aesthetics: Papers from a Colloquium Held at the University of Nairobi, June, 1971''. East African Literature Bureau. </cite><cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFPio_ZirimuAndrew_Gurr1973">ISBN&nbsp;<nowiki><bdi>978-0860702573</bdi></nowiki>.</cite> with [[Austin Bukenya]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa w'abweru wa Wikipedia == *   *   * "Definitions and understandings of oral literature" * "Uganda Poetry Anthology 2000. (Uganda)."  [[Category:Buganda]] fsdq3d1qgrgr5o34hvwijc77g21fgzd Joseph Kibweteere 0 11487 75257 40588 2026-09-24T13:33:48Z Kisakye Jane 9195 Nterezeeza mu ndabika y′ekiwandiiko. 75257 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Joseph Kibweteere''' (16 ogwekuminogumu 1932 – yabula 17 March 2000) y’omu ku bakulembeze b’ekibiina [[Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God|ekigatta ekibiina ekigatta]] amateeka ekkumi ekya Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God, ekibiina ekyakutuka ku [[Ekereziya Katolika mu Uganda|Klezia Katolika mu Uganda]] ne kifuuka eky’ettutumu oluvannyuma lw’abantu [[Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God#Apocalypse|baayo 778 okusangibwa nga bafudde]] . Wadde Kibweteere yateeberezebwa okufiira mu kabenje kano, poliisi ya Uganda waayise akaseera katono n’efulumya ekiragiro ky’okukwata abakulembeze b’ekibiina kino abalala. Mu 2014 [[Uganda National Police|Poliisi ya Uganda]] yafulumya amawulire agalaga nti Kibweteere yali yeekukumye mu [[Malawi]] . == Ebikwata ku bulamu bwe == Owa Kibweteere yava mu famire nga [[Catholic|Bakatoliki]] abakukuutivu era nga kirabika yali mugagga okusinziira ku mutindo gwa Uganda. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2025)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Mu 1960 yawasa Tereza Kuribakanya (1934 – 10 April 2025), eyali omuwandiisi w’akakiiko [[Uganda Land Commission|k’ebyettaka mu Uganda]] . Baazaala abaana munaana.<ref>[[Credonia Mwerinde]]</ref> Yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1980 era yalina ettaka erimala okuwaayo ettaka okuzimba essomero lye yakola dizayini ye. Essomero ly’Abakatuliki lye yatandikawo era lye yakulembera lyali lya orthodox era mu kiseera ekyo yalina ekifaananyi ekirungi mu kitundu. Mu bulamu bwe, Uganda yafuna entalo z’eddiini n’ebyobufuzi, era nga zamukwatako. Ekyasinga okumukwatako byali bibiina by'addiini ebyassa essira ku byamagero n'okwolesebwa [[Marian apparitions|kwa Maria]] . Mu 1984 yagamba nti yali [[Visions of Jesus and Mary|alaba Bikira Maria]] . Okwolesebwa kuno kwali kumuleeteddwa [[Credonia Mwerinde]] . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2025)">okujuliza kwetaagisa</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Ebikolwa by’eddiini == Nga mu mwaka gwa 1989 yakwatagana n’omukazi ayitibwa [[Credonia Mwerinde]], malaaya eyagamba nti yali anoonya kwenenya olw’ebibi bye. Yalina ensibuko y’ebyo bye yayitamu ng’agamba nti yava edda okusinga Kibweteere. Credonia yagamba nti yali asobola okulaba Maliyamu embeerera ng’atunuulira ejjinja mu nsozi. Kirabika ejjinja eryo lyali lifaanagana nnyo n’ebifaananyi ebyaliwo ebya Bikira Maria. Kitaawe yali agamba nti yafuna okwolesebwa ku muwala we eyafa, Evangelista, nga mu 1960. Abaana be n’abazzukulu be baali bagenda kukosebwa kino. Mu 1989 we gwatuukira, Credonia ne mwannyina Ursula baali batambula mu Uganda nga babunyisa obubaka bw’amaka. Credonia bwe yasisinkana Kibweteere mu [[Kanungu (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Kanungu]] mu maserengeta ga Uganda, yamwaniriza bulungi era n’amubuulira ku by’ayitamu. Kino kyabaviirako okukola [[Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God|ekibiina ky'okuzzaawo amateeka ga Katonda ekkumi]] . Oluvannyuma lwa kitaawe wa Credonia okufa, Kibweteere yafuuka omukulembeze wekibiina kino. Mu mwaka gwa 1990 ekibiina kino kyassa nnyo essira [[Apocalypticism|ku kuzikirizibwa]] mu katabo kaabwe ''A Timely Message from Heaven: The End of the Present Time'' . Era yakulembera ekibinja ky’abakulu abaalimu abasajja mukaaga n’abakazi mukaaga abaali batwalibwa okuba “abatume abapya.” Abatume bano baalina omuwendo gw’abakazi ogw’enkanankana olw’okussa essira ku [[Mother Mary|Nnyaffe Maliyamu]] ng’ekubo eribatuusa mu ggulu. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Ekibinja kyalangirira enkomerero y’ensi ennaku eziwera ; naye, ennaku zatuuka newataba kabonero konna kalaga nti waliwo okuzikirizibwa. Kigambibwa nti Kibweteere yategeezezza nti omwaka 2000 gugenda kugobererwa "omwaka ogusooka ogw'ensi empya." Ebintu bino n’ebirala ebyayogerwa tebyalina kinene kye byakosa nsi yonna. Okusinga, yasigala nga muntu atamanyiddwa mu Uganda era teyeyawula ku Klezia Katolika. == Okubula == Mu March 2000 ekibiina kino kyatandika okusala ente n’okugula [[Coca-Cola]] mungi nnyo . Bino tekusooka tebyaleeta kweraliikirira, wabula baali beetegekera ekijjulo nga tebannafa. Nga March 17, Kibweteere kirabika yafiira mu [[2000 Uganda cult massacres|ttemu ly’ekibinja ky’abantu]] . Omu ku ba famire ya Kibweteere yategeezezza nti ebikolwa by’omukulembeze byakulemberwa Credonia Mwerinde. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">okujuliza kwetaagisa</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Bingi bikyali tebikakasibwa bulungi ku mboozi ne ntambula ye. BBC yategeezezza nti Kibweteere yali amaze okujjanjabibwa [[Bipolar disorder|obulwadde bw’okuwuguka ng’ebula]] omwaka gumu oba okusingawo ekibinja kino okwetta.<ref name="BBCNews2000a">[[2000 Uganda cult massacres]]</ref> Mu kiseera ekyo, ab’obuyinza mu Uganda baali bamutwala ng’omutolosi era omutemu kubanga baali balowooza nti yasimattuse. Olunaku n’engeri y’okuzikirizibwa kw’ekibiina kino kwe kyali kisuubira bibadde bikubaganyizibwako ebirowoozo. Waliwo enkambi emu eraga nti baali balowooza nti ejja kujja mu 1999 era nti okwetta mu 2000 kwava ku kulemererwa kw’obunnabbi obwo. Kino kyandirabise nga kikakasibwa ebimu ku bikolwa byabwe ebya 1999, naye, mu biwandiiko byabwe, omwaka 2000 gutera okulabibwa nga "omwaka ogw'enkomerero". Obutonde bw’omulimu gwe n’amakulu ge eri ebibaddewo nabyo bikaayanirwa. Olw’embeera, eby’okuddamu ebimatiza mu bibuuzo bino n’ebirala biyinza obutabaawo. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">okujuliza kwetaagisa</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Wadde Kibweteere yateeberezebwa okuba nga yafiira mu kabenje kano, poliisi ya Uganda wayise akaseera katono y’afulumya ekiragiro ky’okukwata abakulembeze b’ekibiina kino abalala.<ref name="NYT2000">[[2000 Uganda cult massacres]]</ref> Mu 2014 [[Uganda National Police|Poliisi y'eggwanga lya Uganda]] yafulumya amawulire agalaga nti Kibweteere yeekukumye mu [[Malawi]].<ref name=":0">[[2000 Uganda cult massacres]]</ref> == Laba ne == == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == g40wojabhiyselu2j7y4nkj7ij0p112 Kato Serwanga 0 11490 75253 72695 2026-09-24T13:22:47Z Kisakye Jane 9195 Ntaddemu databox 75253 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''[[:en:New_England_Patriots|Kato]]''' E. Serwanga (Ogw'omusanvu 23,1976- Ogw'omwenda 25,2025) yali munnayuganda [[:en:American_football|omumerika omukugu mu kuzannya omupiira ogw'ebigere]]<nowiki/>ng'azannyira okusinga mu [[:en:Cornerback|koona]] mu mpaka eza [[:en:National_Football_League|National Footbal League]](NFL). Oluvannyuma lwa famire ye okugenda mu Amerika ng’aweza emyaka esatu, yazannyirako [[:en:College_football|omupiira gw’amatendekero aga waggulu]] mu [[:en:Sacramento_State_Hornets_football|Sacramento State Hornets]], [[:en:Pacific_Tigers_football|Pacific Tigers]] ne [[:en:California_Golden_Bears_football|California Golden Bears]] . Yakola endagaano ne [[:en:New_England_Patriots|New England Patriots]] ng’omuzannyi [[:en:Free_agent#Undrafted_free_agent|akiika]] mu 1998 era n’agizannyira mu sizoni ya 1999 ne 2000. Oluvannyuma yazannyira mu [[:en:Washington_Redskins|Washington Redskins]] okuva mu 2001 okutuuka mu 2002 ate mu [[:en:New_York_Giants|New York Giants]] okuva mu 2002 okutuuka mu 2003 nga tannamaliriza mupiira gwe nga mmemba wa [[:en:Indianapolis_Colts|Indianapolis Colts]] mu 2004. Yali muganda wa muzannyi munne wa NFL [[:en:Wasswa_Serwanga|Wasswa Serwanga]] . == Obulamu n’emirimu == === Obulamu obwasooka n’okusoma === Serwanga yazaalibwa Ogw'omusanvu 23, 1976, mu [[Kampala]], Uganda.<ref name="auto7">{{Cite web |title=Kato Serwanga Stats |url=https://profootballarchives.com/players/s/serw00200.html |access-date=September 26, 2025 |website=Pro Football Archives}}</ref> Alina baganda be basatu ne bannyina babiri, okuli ne mulongo munne, [[:en:Wasswa_Serwanga|Wasswa]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Isaac Serwanga |url=https://goprincetontigers.com/sports/mens-basketball/roster/isaac-serwanga/9194 |publisher=[[Princeton Tigers]]}}</ref><ref name="auto9">{{Cite web |last=Lynch, Kevin |date=November 12, 2000 |title='Rugby with a costume' has been way to better life for Serwangas |url=https://www.sfgate.com/sports/article/Rugby-with-a-costume-has-been-way-to-better-3050964.php |website=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]}}</ref> Yazaalibwa nga wayise eddakiika 15 oluvannyuma lwa munne era; erinnya lye, lyatulwa "Kah-TOE", eritegeeza "omulongo omuto". Yagenda mu Amerika n'aba famile ye ku myaka esatu.<ref name="auto9" /> Okusalawo kuno kwatuukwakwo oluvannyuma w'abakitaabe abato basatu okuttibwa ku mulembe gwa [[Idi Amin]] olw’okuba baali bagagga; kitaawe Patrick yatunda ebintu bye ng’awaanyisiganya tikiti z’ennyonyi okuleeta famile ye mu Amerika<ref name="auto9" /><ref name="auto5">{{Cite news|accessdate=54, [https://www.newspapers.com/image/328530170/ 66]}}</ref> Patrick yennyini yawonera watono okuttibwa gavumenti ya Amin, era y’awona okuttibwa bweyabuuka okuvamu motoka ye ng'etambula.<ref name="auto5" /> Famile yatuuka mu [[:en:Sacramento,_California|Sacramento, California]], era Patrick bweyagezaako okugoba okufuna ku sente ze naye teyasobola kuzifuna.<ref name="auto9" /> Kitaawe wa Serwanga yakolanga gwa kwoza masowaani okusobola okubezaawo amakaage, nga basula mu kazigo akatono akaalimu ebitanda bibiri byokka.<ref name="auto9">{{Cite web |last=Lynch, Kevin |date=November 12, 2000 |title='Rugby with a costume' has been way to better life for Serwangas |url=https://www.sfgate.com/sports/article/Rugby-with-a-costume-has-been-way-to-better-3050964.php |website=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLynch,_Kevin2000">Lynch, Kevin (November 12, 2000). [https://www.sfgate.com/sports/article/Rugby-with-a-costume-has-been-way-to-better-3050964.php "'Rugby with a costume' has been way to better life for Serwangas"]. ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]''.</cite></ref><ref name="auto5">{{Cite news|accessdate=54, [https://www.newspapers.com/image/328530170/ 66]}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLowitt,_Bruce2001">Lowitt, Bruce (January 4, 2001). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.newspapers.com/image/328529856/?match=1&terms=wasswa%20serwanga "Talk about a twin-twin situation"]</span>. ''[[Tampa Bay Times]]''. pp.&nbsp;54, [https://www.newspapers.com/image/328530170/ 66] &#x2013; via [[Newspapers.com]].</cite></ref> Serwanga yasooka kugezesa [[:en:American_football|mupiira ogw'ebigere]] ku myaka mwenda, oluvannyuma lw'okulaba mukulu we James ng'azannya [[:en:Sandlot_football|omupiira ogw'omusenyu]] .<ref name="auto5" /> Ye ne muganda we baazannya omupiira nga basomera mu [[:en:Sacramento_Charter_High_School|Sacramento Charter High School]], bombi gye baali bazannyira ennyo mu [[:en:Cornerback|koona.]]. Mu 1992, Wasswa yali atandise era Kato n’akola nga backup we. Abalongo bano baali bavuganya nnyo ne bannaabwe. <ref name="auto9" /> <ref name="auto2">{{Cite news|accessdate=37, [https://www.newspapers.com/image/158297656/ 40]}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lwa sizoni ya 1993, bombi ye ne muganda we baayitibwa All-Metro League. Bombi baakola endagaano okuzannya [[:en:College_football|omupiira gw'amatendekero aga waggulu]] mu [[:en:Sacramento_State_Hornets_football|Sacramento State Hornets]] . Abalongo bombi baatandikira mu Sacramento State [[:en:Freshman|ng'abayizi ba Yunivaasite abagya]] mu 1994 era Kato [[:en:Interception|yateekayo okugaana okweyongerayo n'emisomo]] emirundi ena omwaka ogwo. Wabula bombi baakyusibwa ne bagenda mu [[:en:Pacific_Tigers_football|Pacific Tigers]] oluvannyuma lwa sizoni emu, essomero bwe lyasooka okusalawo okusuula omupiira.<ref name="auto3" /> Baafuna obudde obuwera okuzannyira mu Tigers mu 1995, kuba zombi zaalabikira mu mipiira munaana (nga batuula ebweru egiwerako olw’amateeka g’okukyusa), nga Kato omugatte gwa tackles 33 nga tayambiddwa n’okusiba nnya. <ref name="auto6">{{Cite news|accessdate=21, [https://www.newspapers.com/image/608518954/ 24]}}</ref> Interceptions ze ennya ze zikulembera ttiimu. Oluvannyuma lwa sizoni ya 1995, kyalangirirwa nti Pacific yali ekomya ttiimu yaayo ey'omupiira olw'ensonga z'ebyensimbi. <ref>{{Cite news|accessdate=11, [https://www.newspapers.com/image/387249056/ 14]}}</ref> Baali balina okuddamu okukyusa, nga Wasswa yeewaayo mu UCLA Bruins ate Kato n'agenda mu California Golden Bears, omulundi ogwasooka abalongo bano okubeera ku ttiimu ez'enjawulo. <ref name="auto6" /> Serwanga yali muzannyi atandise mu Golden Bears okuva mu 1996 okutuuka mu 1997, ng’azannya nga nickelback . <ref name="auto6">{{Cite news|accessdate=21, [https://www.newspapers.com/image/608518954/ 24]}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFThomas,_Jim1996">Thomas, Jim (October 25, 1996). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.newspapers.com/image/608518919/?match=1&terms=wasswa%20serwanga "Mirror Image"]</span>. ''[[News-Pilot]]''. pp.&nbsp;21, [https://www.newspapers.com/image/608518954/ 24] &#x2013; via [[Newspapers.com]].</cite></ref> 5''​'' ) n’obuzito ( 190 pounds (86 kkiro) ). <ref name="auto6" /> Kato yakulembera California n'akwata ekifo eky'okusatu mu Pac-12 Conference n'okusiba emirundi ena mu 1996, n'ayamba ttiimu okutuuka ku likodi ya 6-6 n'okulabika mu 1996 Aloha Bowl . [ <ref>{{Cite web |title=1996 California Golden Bears Stats |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/california/1996.html |access-date=September 28, 2025 |website=[[Sports Reference]]}}</ref> <ref name="auto2">{{Cite news|accessdate=37, [https://www.newspapers.com/image/158297656/ 40]}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHodges,_Jim1997">Hodges, Jim (October 21, 1997). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.newspapers.com/image/158297483/?match=1&terms=wasswa%20serwanga "Brothers, Friends and Foes"]</span>. ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''. pp.&nbsp;37, [https://www.newspapers.com/image/158297656/ 40] &#x2013; via [[Newspapers.com]].</cite></ref> <ref name="auto4">{{Cite web |title=Kato Serwanga College Stats |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/kato-serwanga-1.html |access-date=September 28, 2025 |website=[[Sports Reference]]}}</ref> <ref name="auto4" />​ <ref name="auto4" /> [[Category:Omupiira mu Uganda]] 3l9riosdw7rlk3cjwbzh6l58veeqjsw 75254 75253 2026-09-24T13:28:06Z Kisakye Jane 9195 Nterezeeza mu ndabika y′ekiwandiiko. 75254 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''[[:en:New_England_Patriots|Kato]]''' E. Serwanga (Ogw'omusanvu 23,1976- Ogw'omwenda 25,2025) yali munnayuganda [[:en:American_football|omumerika omukugu mu kuzannya omupiira ogw'ebigere]]<nowiki/>ng'azannyira okusinga mu [[:en:Cornerback|koona]] mu mpaka eza [[:en:National_Football_League|National Footbal League]](NFL). Oluvannyuma lwa famire ye okugenda mu Amerika ng’aweza emyaka esatu, yazannyirako [[:en:College_football|omupiira gw’amatendekero aga waggulu]] mu [[:en:Sacramento_State_Hornets_football|Sacramento State Hornets]], [[:en:Pacific_Tigers_football|Pacific Tigers]] ne [[:en:California_Golden_Bears_football|California Golden Bears]] . Yakola endagaano ne [[:en:New_England_Patriots|New England Patriots]] ng’omuzannyi [[:en:Free_agent#Undrafted_free_agent|akiika]] mu 1998 era n’agizannyira mu sizoni ya 1999 ne 2000. Oluvannyuma yazannyira mu [[:en:Washington_Redskins|Washington Redskins]] okuva mu 2001 okutuuka mu 2002 ate mu [[:en:New_York_Giants|New York Giants]] okuva mu 2002 okutuuka mu 2003 nga tannamaliriza mupiira gwe nga mmemba wa [[:en:Indianapolis_Colts|Indianapolis Colts]] mu 2004. Yali muganda wa muzannyi munne wa NFL [[:en:Wasswa_Serwanga|Wasswa Serwanga]] . == Obulamu n’emirimu == === Obulamu obwasooka n’okusoma === Serwanga yazaalibwa Ogw'omusanvu 23, 1976, mu [[Kampala]], Uganda.<ref name="auto7">{{Cite web |title=Kato Serwanga Stats |url=https://profootballarchives.com/players/s/serw00200.html |access-date=September 26, 2025 |website=Pro Football Archives}}</ref> Alina baganda be basatu ne bannyina babiri, okuli ne mulongo munne, [[:en:Wasswa_Serwanga|Wasswa]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Isaac Serwanga |url=https://goprincetontigers.com/sports/mens-basketball/roster/isaac-serwanga/9194 |publisher=[[Princeton Tigers]]}}</ref><ref name="auto9">{{Cite web |last=Lynch, Kevin |date=November 12, 2000 |title='Rugby with a costume' has been way to better life for Serwangas |url=https://www.sfgate.com/sports/article/Rugby-with-a-costume-has-been-way-to-better-3050964.php |website=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]}}</ref> Yazaalibwa nga wayise eddakiika 15 oluvannyuma lwa munne era; erinnya lye, lyatulwa "Kah-TOE", eritegeeza "omulongo omuto". Yagenda mu Amerika n'aba famile ye ku myaka esatu.<ref name="auto9" /> Okusalawo kuno kwatuukwakwo oluvannyuma w'abakitaabe abato basatu okuttibwa ku mulembe gwa [[Idi Amin]] olw’okuba baali bagagga; kitaawe Patrick yatunda ebintu bye ng’awaanyisiganya tikiti z’ennyonyi okuleeta famile ye mu Amerika<ref name="auto9" /><ref name="auto5">{{Cite news|accessdate=54, [https://www.newspapers.com/image/328530170/ 66]}}</ref> Patrick yennyini yawonera watono okuttibwa gavumenti ya Amin, era y’awona okuttibwa bweyabuuka okuvamu motoka ye ng'etambula.<ref name="auto5" /> Famile yatuuka mu [[:en:Sacramento,_California|Sacramento, California]], era Patrick bweyagezaako okugoba okufuna ku sente ze naye teyasobola kuzifuna.<ref name="auto9" /> Kitaawe wa Serwanga yakolanga gwa kwoza masowaani okusobola okubezaawo amakaage, nga basula mu kazigo akatono akaalimu ebitanda bibiri byokka.<ref name="auto9">{{Cite web |last=Lynch, Kevin |date=November 12, 2000 |title='Rugby with a costume' has been way to better life for Serwangas |url=https://www.sfgate.com/sports/article/Rugby-with-a-costume-has-been-way-to-better-3050964.php |website=[[San Francisco Chronicle]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLynch,_Kevin2000">Lynch, Kevin (November 12, 2000). [https://www.sfgate.com/sports/article/Rugby-with-a-costume-has-been-way-to-better-3050964.php "'Rugby with a costume' has been way to better life for Serwangas"]. ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]''.</cite></ref><ref name="auto5">{{Cite news|accessdate=54, [https://www.newspapers.com/image/328530170/ 66]}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLowitt,_Bruce2001">Lowitt, Bruce (January 4, 2001). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.newspapers.com/image/328529856/?match=1&terms=wasswa%20serwanga "Talk about a twin-twin situation"]</span>. ''[[Tampa Bay Times]]''. pp.&nbsp;54, [https://www.newspapers.com/image/328530170/ 66] &#x2013; via [[Newspapers.com]].</cite></ref> Serwanga yasooka kugezesa [[:en:American_football|mupiira ogw'ebigere]] ku myaka mwenda, oluvannyuma lw'okulaba mukulu we James ng'azannya [[:en:Sandlot_football|omupiira ogw'omusenyu]].<ref name="auto5" /> Ye ne muganda we baazannya omupiira nga basomera mu [[:en:Sacramento_Charter_High_School|Sacramento Charter High School]], bombi gye baali bazannyira ennyo mu [[:en:Cornerback|koona.]]. Mu 1992, Wasswa yali atandise era Kato n’akola nga backup we. Abalongo bano baali bavuganya nnyo ne bannaabwe.<ref name="auto9" /><ref name="auto2">{{Cite news|accessdate=37, [https://www.newspapers.com/image/158297656/ 40]}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lwa sizoni ya 1993, bombi ye ne muganda we baayitibwa All-Metro League. Bombi baakola endagaano okuzannya [[:en:College_football|omupiira gw'amatendekero aga waggulu]] mu [[:en:Sacramento_State_Hornets_football|Sacramento State Hornets]] . Abalongo bombi baatandikira mu Sacramento State [[:en:Freshman|ng'abayizi ba Yunivaasite abagya]] mu 1994 era Kato [[:en:Interception|yateekayo okugaana okweyongerayo n'emisomo]] emirundi ena omwaka ogwo. Wabula bombi baakyusibwa ne bagenda mu [[:en:Pacific_Tigers_football|Pacific Tigers]] oluvannyuma lwa sizoni emu, essomero bwe lyasooka okusalawo okusuula omupiira.<ref name="auto3" /> Baafuna obudde obuwera okuzannyira mu Tigers mu 1995, kuba zombi zaalabikira mu mipiira munaana (nga batuula ebweru egiwerako olw’amateeka g’okukyusa), nga Kato omugatte gwa tackles 33 nga tayambiddwa n’okusiba nnya.<ref name="auto6">{{Cite news|accessdate=21, [https://www.newspapers.com/image/608518954/ 24]}}</ref> Interceptions ze ennya ze zikulembera ttiimu. Oluvannyuma lwa sizoni ya 1995, kyalangirirwa nti Pacific yali ekomya ttiimu yaayo ey'omupiira olw'ensonga z'ebyensimbi.<ref>{{Cite news|accessdate=11, [https://www.newspapers.com/image/387249056/ 14]}}</ref> Baali balina okuddamu okukyusa, nga Wasswa yeewaayo mu UCLA Bruins ate Kato n'agenda mu California Golden Bears, omulundi ogwasooka abalongo bano okubeera ku ttiimu ez'enjawulo.<ref name="auto6" /> Serwanga yali muzannyi atandise mu Golden Bears okuva mu 1996 okutuuka mu 1997, ng’azannya nga nickelback.<ref name="auto6">{{Cite news|accessdate=21, [https://www.newspapers.com/image/608518954/ 24]}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFThomas,_Jim1996">Thomas, Jim (October 25, 1996). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.newspapers.com/image/608518919/?match=1&terms=wasswa%20serwanga "Mirror Image"]</span>. ''[[News-Pilot]]''. pp.&nbsp;21, [https://www.newspapers.com/image/608518954/ 24] &#x2013; via [[Newspapers.com]].</cite></ref> 5''​'' ) n’obuzito ( 190 pounds (86 kkiro).<ref name="auto6" /> Kato yakulembera California n'akwata ekifo eky'okusatu mu Pac-12 Conference n'okusiba emirundi ena mu 1996, n'ayamba ttiimu okutuuka ku likodi ya 6-6 n'okulabika mu 1996 Aloha Bowl.<ref>{{Cite web |title=1996 California Golden Bears Stats |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/schools/california/1996.html |access-date=September 28, 2025 |website=[[Sports Reference]]}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{Cite news|accessdate=37, [https://www.newspapers.com/image/158297656/ 40]}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHodges,_Jim1997">Hodges, Jim (October 21, 1997). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[https://www.newspapers.com/image/158297483/?match=1&terms=wasswa%20serwanga "Brothers, Friends and Foes"]</span>. ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''. pp.&nbsp;37, [https://www.newspapers.com/image/158297656/ 40] &#x2013; via [[Newspapers.com]].</cite></ref><ref name="auto4">{{Cite web |title=Kato Serwanga College Stats |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/kato-serwanga-1.html |access-date=September 28, 2025 |website=[[Sports Reference]]}}</ref><ref name="auto4" />​<ref name="auto4" /> [[Category:Omupiira mu Uganda]] 4w5bc2xqujax85j5wp36jp0k4ixqgil Solomon Male 0 11520 75289 72401 2026-09-25T05:49:58Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75289 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Moses Solomon Male''' (lyatulwa nga ‘mal-eh’) mubuulizi w'ekkanisa y'aba [[:en:Pentecostal|Pentekooti]] mu [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] era nga ye dayirekita w’ekibiina kya Arising For Christ. Mwogezi nnyo era avumirira ebikolwa by'obuli bw'enguzi mu kkanisa naddala ezo ezitumbula [[:en:Prosperity_theology|eby'eddiini by'okukulaakulana]] <ref name="newvision">http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/645168</ref> <ref name="FTmag">John Lloyd, "The riches of heaven", FT Weekend magazine, 25 October 2008.</ref> by'ayita "enjiri y'okunyaga". == Ebimukwatako == Male yazaalibwa nga 17 Ogwomunaana 1962, era [[:en:Conversion_to_Christianity|n’afuuka]] Omukristaayo nga 31 Ogwekkumi 1987. === Obuweereza bwe === Mu 1988 yafuuka omu ku baweereza b'ekkanisa eya Holy Church of Christ, "New Chapter" ey'addamu n'etuumibwa erinnya lya The Synagogue Church of All Nations, ng'abakulembeze baayo n'abasabirayo baali bagoberezi ba John [[:en:Obiri_Yeboah|Obiri Yeboah]], eyali Faaza w'Abakatuliki Omunnaghana eyajja mu Uganda. Male yava mu kkanisa eyo mu 1992, n’agivumirira nti [[:en:Cult|baali basinza muntu]] <ref>http://www.religionnewsblog.com/19614/false-pastors</ref> Mu 1993 Male yakwatibwa olw’okulumiriza ekkanisa, kyokka oluvannyuma n’ayimbulwa era omusango ne gumuggyibwawo. <ref name="desecration">http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/120/126/134692</ref> Mu 1999 yatandikawo ekibiina ky’Abakristaayo ekya Arising for Christ (ARCH). <ref name="Monitor2008Jan">https://web.archive.org/web/20080602143409/http://www.monitor.co.ug/artman/publish/sun_news/City_pastor_held_over_defilement.shtml</ref> Ekibiina ekigambibwa okutandiikobwa mu Gusooka 2008 nga kyali kyakuŋŋaanya olukalala lw’abakkiriza 300 abalumiriza abasumba b'abalokole okubba ssente, okufera, okubakabasanya ng'abaddu mu n’emisango emirala. <ref name="Monitor2008Jan" /> Mu mboozi ey’akafubo n'aba ''[[:en:Financial_Times|Financial Times]]'', Male yeewozezzaako nti yali agoberera [[:en:Martin_Luther|Martin Luther]] ebyasa bingi emabega eyali avumirira ebikolwa eby’obugwenyufu, okwegyalabya n’obuli bw’enguzi mu bannaddiini banne. Agerageranya okukozesa obubi abalwadde nga babasasuza ssente okubasabira ku kutuka [[:en:Indulgence|okubaguzisa by'ebateetaaga]] : <blockquote>"Omusajja eyayimirira okulwanyisa obubi mu kkanisa yali Martin Luther, kubanga yali awakanya okutunda ebintu ebitaliimu mugaso ebyali bikutaasa okuva mu geyena. Akaseera ke yatandika [[:en:Protestant_Reformation|ekibiina ky'Abapolotesitante]], kyawa essuubi nti ekintu bwe kiba ekikyamu, waliwo obusobozi okukitereeza."</blockquote>Nga "akulira abavumirira enkola y'ebisiyaga" mu Uganda, <ref name="AdelaideRandall">https://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/bernard-randalls-trial-highlights-ugandas-homophobe-in-chief-pastor-solomon-male/news-story/4e52124e5f4e2f417619af0f584dd2ae</ref> mmemba w'ekibinja ky'abasumba ab'amaanyi abakola kampeyini z'okulwanyisa ebisiyaga. <ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/feb/04/gay-people-uganda-love-run</ref> == Kampeyini zeyakola n'emisango gy'eyalwanako == Frances Adroa omulwadde wa siriimu, mu Gwomusanvu 2005 yasendebwasendebwa okuwaayo mmotoka ye eri abakulembeze b’ekkanisa ya [[:en:Universal_Church_of_the_Kingdom_of_God|Universal Church of the Kingdom of God]] mu Kampala ng’abamusuubiza okumuwonya mukenenya mu Kampeyini y’ekkanisa eya Church's Mount Sinai. Teyawonyezebwa. Mu kiseera embeera y’obulamu bwe yali yeeyongera okwonooneka, yasaba mmotoka ye emuddizibwe. Abakulembeze b’ekkanisa eno omwali Omulabirizi Gilson Costa n’omusumba Gerald Nkayi baasaba ssente (miliyooni bbiri) [[:en:Ugandan_shilling|USh&nbsp;]]2,000,000/ ( doola za Amerika ezisoba mu 1,200), mbu okusobola okugiddabiriza ensimbi z'atalina. Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2007, yawulira Omusumba Male ku leediyo oluvannyuma n’amukubira essimu n’amusaba okumusisinkana amunyonyole engeri gye yafiirwamu mmotoka ye. Bwe yagasimbagana n’abakulembeze b’ekkanisa, okukkakkana nga bagimuddiza ng’eyonoonese. Male bwe yalangirira okuzzibwa kw'emmotoka mu mpapula z’amawulire n’emikutu emirala mu 2007, abakulembeze baamuwawaabira ne Adroa nga bamulanga kutyoboola erinnya lye. <ref name="VOA">{{Cite web |url=http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2007-05/2007-05-27-voa7.cfm |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-08-12 |archive-date=2008-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423235441/http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2007-05/2007-05-27-voa7.cfm |url-status=dead}}</ref> Okuvunaana olw'okuvvoola kwalemererwa mu 2010, era enjuyi zombi zaalekebwa okwetikka emigugu gy'agyo. Adroa yali azzeemu okusaba okuddaabiriza emmotoka ye, kyokka kino nakyo kyagaana olw'ensonga nti omulamuzi yali tayagala kutondawo nkola eri abawaayo ssente okusaba ebirabo byabwe okubaddizibwa singa essaala eba tetuukiriziddwa. <ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/201006230808.html</ref> Solomon Male akola kampeyini z’okulaga embalirira z'ebyensimbi mu kkanisa. Agamba nti enkola y'okuwa abasumba ettaka, emmotoka oba ebintu by'omu nnyumba eri abasumba n'essuubi ly'okubawa emikisa, ekimanyiddwa nga "okusiga ensigo z'okukkiriza", ebunye wonna mu Uganda, era okutwalira awamu tegiyingizibwa mu biwandiiko by'amakanisa. Ategeeza nti obuyambi obw’engeri eno tebuloopebwa wadde mu bukiiko oba ababalirizi b’ebitabo, wabula butwalibwa okusasulwa kw’abasumba ssekinnoomu. Nga bagoberera alipoota ye, olupapula lw’amawulire ''olwa Sunday Vision'' lwakebera ebikwata ku kkanisa z’Abapentekooti kkumi na bbiri, ng’ezimu ku zo zaali zimanyiddwa olw’omuze guno; tewali n'omu yalangirira ssente zonna okuva mu "kusiga", newankubadde nga baali bafuna obuwumbi n;obuwumbi bwa sillingi, [[:en:Kampala_Pentecostal_Church|Kampala Pentecostal Church]] ne Redeemed Church zokka ze zaali zirina akawunti [[:en:Audit|ezibaliriddwa]] mu ngeri ey'ekikugu . <ref name="accounts">{{Cite web |url=http://www.sundayvision.co.ug/detail.php?mainNewsCategoryId=7&newsCategoryId=123&newsId=582090 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-08-12 |archive-date=2012-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313103144/http://www.sundayvision.co.ug/detail.php?mainNewsCategoryId=7&newsCategoryId=123&newsId=582090 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Male yasaba omulamuzi anoonyerezebwe ku musango gwa Susan Walusimbi, eyali yasendebwasendebwa omusumba okuganza omusajja ekkanisa gwe yali egamba nti yawonya mukenenya. Walusimbi agamba nti oluvannyuma omusajja ono yafa mukenenya; kati naye kennyini [[:en:HIV_positive|alina akawuka ka siriimu]], era akozesa [[:en:Anti-retroviral_drugs|eddagala eriweweeza ku siriimu]] okusobola okusigala nga mulamu bulungi. == Okukwatibwa kwe n’okusingisibwa omusango == Mu Gwomunaana 2009, n’abasumba abalala bataano, yavunaanibwa abavubuka 6 okukuma omuliro mu bantu okuwa [[:en:False_testimony|obujulizi obw’obulimba]] obw’okukabasanya abaana ku Musumba [[:en:Robert_Kayanja|Robert Kayanja]] . <ref> https://allafrica.com/stories/200908100318.html </ref> Mu Gwekkumi 2012, baasingisibwa omusango gw'[[:en:Defamation|okutattana erinnya lye]] nga bagenderera okutyoboola erinnya ly’Omusumba Kayanja. <ref> https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1307919/pastor-kayanja-sodomy-accusers-convicted</ref> Male ne banne baasasula engassi ya kakadde kamu aka sillingi bumu buli omu (nga doola za Amerika 390) era ne basalirwa ekibonerezo ky’okuweereza abantu okumala essaawa kikumi. Oluvannyuma lw’okujulira kwaabwe okwagaanibwa, omusango guno gwayongezebwayo mu kkooti enkulu mu Gwokubiri 2014. <ref> https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/high-court-upholds-sentence-granted-to-pastor-ssempa-and-colleagues-1566056</ref> == Eby'amunenyezebwako == Ekibiina kya National Fellowship ky'egaana Male mu lujjudde mu 2006. Yaddamu n'ebbaluwa ng'avumirira "Omukulembeze w'eddiini" yaabwe John [[:en:Obiri_Yeboah|Obiri Yeboah]] n'abakulembeze abalala. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110725013600/http://www.arisingforchrist.org/?p=27</ref> Mu 2009 ekibinja ky'abasumba okuva mu bibinja bina eby'Abapentekooti baalangirira mu lujude Male nti "omulumiriza w'ab'oluganda ayogera nga taweereddwa buyinza". <ref name="Cephas">{{Cite web |url=http://www.cephas-library.com/allnations/allnations_arise_in_Christ_uganda_moses.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-08-12 |archive-date=2011-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612012434/http://www.cephas-library.com/allnations/allnations_arise_in_Christ_uganda_moses.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/200905070557.html</ref> Mu 2013, yawakanya eky’okugattululwa n’okuddamu okufumbirwa kw’Omulabirizi David Kiganda, ng'akkaatiriza nti ekikolwa kino kyali kikontana n’enjigiriza ya Baibuli. Ng’ayanukula ebigambibwa ng’ebyo, omusumba w’Abapentekooti Bishop David Kiganda, ssentebe wa disitulikiti y’e Kampala ow’ekibiina ekigatta amakanisa g'abalokole Ggwanga ekya National Fellowship of Born Again Churches, agamba nti abasumba b’Abapentekooti abatonotono be beenyigira mu mirimu egibuusibwabuusibwa. Ye n'ekibiina kya National Fellowship baakola pulogulaamu eyitibwa Operation Clean the House okuggya ababuulizi abatali beesimbu mu kibiina kino, era baalangirira amakanisa gaabwe 15 nga "abasinza omuntu." == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}}  [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] [[Category:Eddiini mu Buganda]] 3doofpx5qtfvb1mppw08ux8201zu17y Apollo Kironde 0 11563 75251 71814 2026-09-24T13:16:14Z Kisakye Jane 9195 Nterezeeza mu ndabika y′ekiwandiiko. 75251 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Apollo Kironde''' (1915 – 21 Ogwokuna 2007) yali Munnayuganda munnamateeka era ye Ambasada wa Uganda eyasooka mu kibiina ky’amawanga amagatte.<ref>Anne Mugisa, [http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/561287 "Diplomat Kironde is dead"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100531141520/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/561287|date=31 May 2010}}, ''New Vision'', 22 April 2007.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kironde |first=Apollo K. |date=1963-01-08 |title=Apollo K Kironde, First Permanent Representative of Uganda |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3834184}}</ref> === Obuvo bwe === Yali muzzukulu mu famire y’abakulu ab’edda ab’e Nsenene. Jjajjaawe, Apollo Kaggwa, yali minisita mu bwakabaka bwa Buganda Abangereza webaatuukira, era n’aweereza ng'omukulembeze ow'ekiseera eri kabaka wa [[Buganda]] eyali omuto Daudi Chwa okutuusa mu 1914, oluvannyuma y’asigala nga katikkiro wa Buganda okutuusa mu 1926. Olw’okufuba kwe, yaweebwa ekitiibwa kya knighting by Queen Victoria, n’afuuka Omufirika eyasooka okuweebwa ekitiibwa ky'obwa knight.<ref name=":0">{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/shorts/tuWrXeiTAUw|title=Apollo Kironde {{!}} Uganda's first ambassador to the United Nations. #uganda #obote #amin #history|language=en|access-date=2025-12-16|via=www.youtube.com}}</ref> Muzzukulu we era bwe bafaanaganya erinnya, Apollo Kironde, yali mutabani wa kubiri eri mutabani we eyasooka Assanasio Sentenza ne Bladina Kironde owookubiri. Ku myaka emito omuvubuka Apollo yalaga esuubi lingi era n’asindikibwa ebweru w’eggwanga okusoma. Yasoma okubeera omusomesa era oluvannyuma lw'emyaka mingi ng'asomesa yagenda e Bungereza n'asoma amateeka mu Middle Temple. Yadda mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]] era ye Mufirika eyasooka okuyita omutendera ogwo. [[Kabaka wa Buganda]] [[Ssekabaka Mutesa II|Mutesa II]] bwe yawang’angusibwa mu Bungereza oluvannyuma lw’okukaayana ne gavumenti y’amatwale, ye Apollo Kironde eyagenda e Bungereza okufuna eddembe lye. Oluvannyuma yayitibwa okubeera minisita mu gavumenti y’amatwale, ekitiibwa kino kyali kya Bangereza bokka. [[Yuganda|Uganda]] bwe yawangula obwetwaze, yalondebwa okuba omubaka waayo eyasooka mu kibiina ky’amawanga amagatte. === Obulamu bwe === ==== Obufumbo n'abaana ==== Kironde yawasa emirundi egiwera naye obufumbo bwe obwasokera ddala bwali ne Santa okuva mu famire ya Bakaluba eyekitiibwa mu 1945. Bano baazaala abaana babiri. * Kaddumukasa Kironde: Munnabyamawulire amnyiddwa ennyo mu Uganda. Obufumbo obuwera bwaletera Kironde okubeera * Katiti Kironde: Abeera Amerika ng'ono yafuuka omutwe omukulu ku magaziini ya bakyala. Eky'ennaku, Santa yaffa nga azaala mu 1954. Obufumbo obw'emirundi egiwera bwaletera Kironde okubeera n'amakka abiri mu Amerika ne mu Bungereza. Omu ku bakyala be abo'luvannyuma yali Josephine Hawkins, gwe yawasa mu Newark, [[:en:New_Jersey|New Jersey]], mu 1966 ng'awereeza nga ambasada w'Ekibiina kya mawanga amagatte.<ref>{{Cite news|date=Aug 27, 1966|title=Apollo K. Kironde Weds Miss Hawkins|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1966/08/27/archives/apollo-k-kironde-weds-miss-hawkins.html|work=The New York Times Archives}}</ref> Awamu, yalina abaana abawerera ddala 16. === Okusoma kwe === * '''[[:en:King's_College,_Budo|King's College Budo]]''': Yamaliriza siniya ye kulino essomero. * '''[[:en:Makerere_University|Makerere College]] (University)''': Kironde yasooka kusoma busomesa ne sociology ku [[:en:Makerere_College|Makerere College]] (now [[:en:Makerere_University|Makerere University]]), ng'atendekebwa muntandikwa ng'omusomesa. * '''[[:en:University_of_Fort_Hare|University of Fort Hare]]''': HYeeyongerayo n'emisomo gye ku [[:en:University_of_Fort_Hare|yunivasite y'e Fort Hare]] mu [[:en:South_Africa|South Africa]], gyeyasomera n'eyali pulezidenti wa [[:en:South_African_Republic|South Africa]] [[:en:Presidency_of_Nelson_Mandela|Nelson Mandel]]<nowiki/>a. * Middle Temple, London: Kironde yagenda e Bugengereza okusoma amateeka, okuva ku limu ku makooti anna mu London. * '''[[:en:University_of_London|University of London]]''': Yafuna diguli mu mateeka okuva ku [[:en:University_of_London|yunivasite y'e London]] Oluvannyuma lw'omulundi gwe ogwasooka mu Amerika, Kironde yadda e [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] era yayitibwa ku [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] bar mu Gwokuna 1953, nafuuka Omufirika asoose okwegezaamu nga munnamateeka mu ggwanga. Ekifaananyi kya muwalawe Katiti Kironde kyafulumira ku magazini ya women's magazine. === Omukululo === Appolo Kironde yaffa nga 21 Ogwokuna 2007 ku myaka 92. Mu myaka gye egy'oluvannyuma, yali amanyikiddwa nga omu ku bantu abalina ettaka eddene mu Buganda era yafuna situlesi olw'enkaayana z'ettaka. == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Makerere University]] [[Category:Bannamateeka ba Uganda]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda]] [[Category:Buganda]] 4vkana7s1yp3cf05ay519uzij7psnpg 75252 75251 2026-09-24T13:18:22Z Kisakye Jane 9195 Ntaddemu ettuluba 75252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Apollo Kironde''' (1915 – 21 Ogwokuna 2007) yali Munnayuganda munnamateeka era ye Ambasada wa Uganda eyasooka mu kibiina ky’amawanga amagatte.<ref>Anne Mugisa, [http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/561287 "Diplomat Kironde is dead"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100531141520/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/561287|date=31 May 2010}}, ''New Vision'', 22 April 2007.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Kironde |first=Apollo K. |date=1963-01-08 |title=Apollo K Kironde, First Permanent Representative of Uganda |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3834184}}</ref> === Obuvo bwe === Yali muzzukulu mu famire y’abakulu ab’edda ab’e Nsenene. Jjajjaawe, Apollo Kaggwa, yali minisita mu bwakabaka bwa Buganda Abangereza webaatuukira, era n’aweereza ng'omukulembeze ow'ekiseera eri kabaka wa [[Buganda]] eyali omuto Daudi Chwa okutuusa mu 1914, oluvannyuma y’asigala nga katikkiro wa Buganda okutuusa mu 1926. Olw’okufuba kwe, yaweebwa ekitiibwa kya knighting by Queen Victoria, n’afuuka Omufirika eyasooka okuweebwa ekitiibwa ky'obwa knight.<ref name=":0">{{Cite AV media|url=https://www.youtube.com/shorts/tuWrXeiTAUw|title=Apollo Kironde {{!}} Uganda's first ambassador to the United Nations. #uganda #obote #amin #history|language=en|access-date=2025-12-16|via=www.youtube.com}}</ref> Muzzukulu we era bwe bafaanaganya erinnya, Apollo Kironde, yali mutabani wa kubiri eri mutabani we eyasooka Assanasio Sentenza ne Bladina Kironde owookubiri. Ku myaka emito omuvubuka Apollo yalaga esuubi lingi era n’asindikibwa ebweru w’eggwanga okusoma. Yasoma okubeera omusomesa era oluvannyuma lw'emyaka mingi ng'asomesa yagenda e Bungereza n'asoma amateeka mu Middle Temple. Yadda mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]] era ye Mufirika eyasooka okuyita omutendera ogwo. [[Kabaka wa Buganda]] [[Ssekabaka Mutesa II|Mutesa II]] bwe yawang’angusibwa mu Bungereza oluvannyuma lw’okukaayana ne gavumenti y’amatwale, ye Apollo Kironde eyagenda e Bungereza okufuna eddembe lye. Oluvannyuma yayitibwa okubeera minisita mu gavumenti y’amatwale, ekitiibwa kino kyali kya Bangereza bokka. [[Yuganda|Uganda]] bwe yawangula obwetwaze, yalondebwa okuba omubaka waayo eyasooka mu kibiina ky’amawanga amagatte. === Obulamu bwe === ==== Obufumbo n'abaana ==== Kironde yawasa emirundi egiwera naye obufumbo bwe obwasokera ddala bwali ne Santa okuva mu famire ya Bakaluba eyekitiibwa mu 1945. Bano baazaala abaana babiri. * Kaddumukasa Kironde: Munnabyamawulire amnyiddwa ennyo mu Uganda. Obufumbo obuwera bwaletera Kironde okubeera * Katiti Kironde: Abeera Amerika ng'ono yafuuka omutwe omukulu ku magaziini ya bakyala. Eky'ennaku, Santa yaffa nga azaala mu 1954. Obufumbo obw'emirundi egiwera bwaletera Kironde okubeera n'amakka abiri mu Amerika ne mu Bungereza. Omu ku bakyala be abo'luvannyuma yali Josephine Hawkins, gwe yawasa mu Newark, [[:en:New_Jersey|New Jersey]], mu 1966 ng'awereeza nga ambasada w'Ekibiina kya mawanga amagatte.<ref>{{Cite news|date=Aug 27, 1966|title=Apollo K. Kironde Weds Miss Hawkins|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1966/08/27/archives/apollo-k-kironde-weds-miss-hawkins.html|work=The New York Times Archives}}</ref> Awamu, yalina abaana abawerera ddala 16. === Okusoma kwe === * '''[[:en:King's_College,_Budo|King's College Budo]]''': Yamaliriza siniya ye kulino essomero. * '''[[:en:Makerere_University|Makerere College]] (University)''': Kironde yasooka kusoma busomesa ne sociology ku [[:en:Makerere_College|Makerere College]] (now [[:en:Makerere_University|Makerere University]]), ng'atendekebwa muntandikwa ng'omusomesa. * '''[[:en:University_of_Fort_Hare|University of Fort Hare]]''': HYeeyongerayo n'emisomo gye ku [[:en:University_of_Fort_Hare|yunivasite y'e Fort Hare]] mu [[:en:South_Africa|South Africa]], gyeyasomera n'eyali pulezidenti wa [[:en:South_African_Republic|South Africa]] [[:en:Presidency_of_Nelson_Mandela|Nelson Mandel]]<nowiki/>a. * Middle Temple, London: Kironde yagenda e Bugengereza okusoma amateeka, okuva ku limu ku makooti anna mu London. * '''[[:en:University_of_London|University of London]]''': Yafuna diguli mu mateeka okuva ku [[:en:University_of_London|yunivasite y'e London]] Oluvannyuma lw'omulundi gwe ogwasooka mu Amerika, Kironde yadda e [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] era yayitibwa ku [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] bar mu Gwokuna 1953, nafuuka Omufirika asoose okwegezaamu nga munnamateeka mu ggwanga. Ekifaananyi kya muwalawe Katiti Kironde kyafulumira ku magazini ya women's magazine. === Omukululo === Appolo Kironde yaffa nga 21 Ogwokuna 2007 ku myaka 92. Mu myaka gye egy'oluvannyuma, yali amanyikiddwa nga omu ku bantu abalina ettaka eddene mu Buganda era yafuna situlesi olw'enkaayana z'ettaka. == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Makerere University]] [[Category:Bannamateeka ba Uganda]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda]] [[Category:Bannayuganda bannamateeka abasajja.]] j0ug1coombebz6kwymwuj6447eysddo Shirish Korde 0 11611 75288 46899 2026-09-25T05:46:32Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 5 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75288 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shirish Korde''' yazaalibwa mu Gwomukaaga 18, 1945),[[Yuganda|Munnayuganda]] awandiika muziki akwatagana ku buvo bwa famire oba obuwangwa [[:en:India|bw'abayindi]] . Ye Ssentebe w’ekitongole ky’ennyimba mutendekero lya [[:en:College_of_the_Holy_Cross|College of the Holy Cross]] (Worcester, MA) era ng'abaddeko mu kunaaniro erimu mutendekero lya [[:en:Berklee_College_of_Music|Berklee College of Music]], mu [[:en:New_England_Conservatory|New England Conservatory]], ne [[:en:Brown_University|Brown University]] . Korde yasoma [[:en:Jazz|jazz]] n’okuyiiya mu Berklee College of Music, okwekenneenya n’okuyiiya mu New England Conservatory, ne [[:en:Ethnomusicology|ethnomusicology]] mu Brown University. == Emirimu == Mu mirimu gye mulimu: * ''Tenderness of Cranes'', for solo flute, kyasikirizibwa obukodyo bwa shakuhachi [[Japan|obw’e Japan]] * ''Time Grids'', kundoongo n'olutambi olunywezeddwa * ''Constellations,'', ey’ekibiina kya saxophone quartet * ''Drowned Woman of the Sky'', oluyimba olwetoloolera nga kusinziira ku bitontome bya [[:en:Pablo_Neruda|Pablo Neruda]] * ''Nesting Cranes'' (2006), ey’okuyimba entongooli yokka n’enkoba, eyasooka okulagibwa Jennifer Gunn n’ekibiina [[:en:Chicago_Symphony_Orchestra|kya Chicago Symphony Orchestra]] wansi wa [[:en:Ludovic_Morlot|Ludovic Morlot]] * ''Svara-Yantra'' (2005), ekivvulu kya violin ekyasooka okulagibwa ekibiina kya [[:en:Narodowa_Orkiestra_Symfoniczna_Polskiego_Radia|Polish National Radio Symphony Orchestra]] nga kirimu omuyimbi omu yekka Joanna Kurkowicz, naye eyakuba ekivvulu kya Amerika ekyasooka <ref>boston.com: [https://web.archive.org/web/20080907092135/http://www.boston.com/news/globe/living/articles/2007/10/22/colors_of_india_cascade_from_violin_tabla_and_philharmonic/ Matthew Guerrieri, "Colors of India cascade from violin, tabla, and Philharmonic," October 22, 2007], accessed April 26, 2010</ref> * ''Songs of Ecstasy'' (2008) . * ''Zikhr: Songs of Longing''(2009) eza soprano, entongooli, string trio, ennaanga, tabla n’ekivuga kya percussion, okufulumizibwa [[:en:Chameleon_Arts_Ensemble_of_Boston|ekibiina kya Chameleon Arts Ensemble eky’e Boston]] <ref>Boston Musical Intelligencer: [http://classical-scene.com/2009/05/18/standing-stillness-smashing-success/ David Patterson, "Standing Stillness, Smashing Success," May 18, 2009], accessed April 26, 2010</ref> <ref>boston.com: [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061246/http://www.boston.com/ae/music/articles/2009/05/18/a_smart_eclectic_closer/ David Weininger, "A smart, eclectic closer," May 18, 2009], accessed April 26, 2010</ref> Korde ayiyiza muziki w'okusiteegi omunene wa mirundi etaano: * ''Chitra'' (2003), eyalagirwa [[:en:Boston_Musica_Viva|Boston Musica Viva]] era n’etongozebwa ekibiina ekyo mu kivvulu ekyawagirwa ekibiina kya [[:en:Celebrity_Series_of_Boston|Celebrity Series of Boston]] * ''Rasa'' (1999) . * ''Bhima's Journey'' * ''The Separate Prison'' * ''The Conquistadors'' * ''Phoolan Devi: The Bandit Queen'' (2010), opera erimu emikutu mingi nga yeesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bwa [[:en:Phoolan_Devi|Phoolan Devi]] nga yeesigamiziddwa ku libretto gye yawandiika ne Lynn Kremer, eyalagirira emizannyo egyasooka egya [[:en:Boston_Musica_Viva|Boston Musica Viva]] mu [[:en:Boston_University|Boston University]] 's [[:en:Tsai_Performance_Center|Tsai Performance Center.]]<ref>boston.com: [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303214620/http://www.boston.com/ae/music/articles/2010/04/23/shirish_kordes_opera_of_india_premieres_tonight_at_boston_musica_viva/ David Weininger, "India's Bandit Queen onstage," April 23, 2010], accessed April 26, 2010</ref> <ref>boston.com: [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064122/http://www.boston.com/ae/theater_arts/articles/2010/04/26/bandit_queen_chronicles_a_complicated_heroine/ Matthew Guerrieri, "'Bandit Queen' chronicles a complicated heroine," April 26, 2010], accessed April 26, 2010</ref> <ref>boston.com: [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064122/http://www.boston.com/ae/theater_arts/articles/2010/04/26/bandit_queen_chronicles_a_complicated_heroine/ Matthew Guerrieri, "'Bandit Queen' chronicles a complicated heroine," April 26, 2010], accessed April 26, 2010</ref> <ref>Boston Musical Intelligencer: [http://classical-scene.com/2010/04/25/dancing-most-convincing-element-of-phoolan-devi%E2%80%99s-journey-to-boston/ Tom Schnauber, "Dancing Most Convincing Element of Phoolan Devi’s Journey to Boston," April 25, 2010], accessed April 26, 2010</ref> * ''Aède Of The Ocean And Land'' (esinziira ku muzannyo gwa Noor Inayat Khan ogw’erinya lyerimu) yasooka kulagibwa butereevu ne Athens esiinziira ku ODC Ensemble n’abazannyi 20 okuva mu mawanga 4 ag’enjawulo mu Gwomwenda 2020 Emirimu gino gyayoleka ebikolwa eby’engeri z’emizannyo n’ennyimba ez’okusemaziga wa Asia, naddala [[:en:Balinese_people|Balinese]] [[:en:Gamelan|gamelan]] ne [[:en:Shadow_puppet|shadow pupperty]], ennyimba za Vedic, ennyimba [[:en:Tuva|z’Abatuva]] okuva [[:en:Central_Asia|mu masekkati ga Asia]], [[:en:North_Indian|North Indian]] [[:en:Tala_(music)|Tala]], n’ennyimba za shakuhachi. Ebintu bya Jazz n’obukodyo bw’okugatta amaloboozi ga kompyuuta nabyo biyingizibwa mu bikolwa bye eby’omuziki ne katemba. Korde era yayiiya KA, ku Boston Musica Viva, omulimu gwa cello n’eddoboozi (omuyimbi wa cello Jan Müller-Szerwas ne Deepti Navaratna, soprano) – Anusvara, Fifith Prism. Yayiiya n’ekivvulu ky'endongo gyebasuna ekya Nada Ananda kyeyafulumizako olutaambi ng'ali mu ne Simon Thacker n’ekibiina kye. Mu 2021, Korde yalina kyeyali akolako ng'asikirizibwa nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde, ekyali kimannyikiddwa nga " Oceans Rising for the South Asian Symphony Orchestra." <ref>{{Cite web |title=Shirish Korde Composer {{!}} About |url=https://www.shirishkorde.com/about |access-date=2022-01-02 |website=Shirish Korde |language=en}}</ref> Era yali muyiiya omutuuze mu kivvulu kya Seal Bay Festival ekya 2021. Yayogerwako abakatabo ka [[:en:Computer_Music_Journal|Computer Music Journal]] ng'omu ku batono "abayimbi ab'omulembe guno abakwatibwako ennyo ennyimba z'obuwangwa obutali bwa Bugwanjuba, jazz, ne tekinologiya wa kompyuuta era eyatonda olulimi gw'okuyiiya ogw'amaanyi era oluwuliziganya." Korde ye mutandisi wa kkampuni efulumye nnyimba eyitibwa [[:en:Neuma_Records|Neuma Records]] . == Engule n’ensimbi eziweebwayo == * The National Flute Association * Composers Inc. * The Fuller Foundation * The Lef Foundation * The Fromm Foundation * The Massachusetts Council for the Arts * New England Foundation for the Arts * The Mellon Foundation * The Artists Foundation * Saint Botolph Club Foundation Award * Mass Cultural Council- 2021 Artist Fellowship Awards == Ebijuliziddwaamu == {{Reflist}} == Ewalala w'oyinza okubigya == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250814144504/http://neumarecords.com/ Ebiwandiiko bya Neuma] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250714110115/http://www.thebanditqueen.com/ ''Phoolan Devi: Nnabagereka w’Ababbi''] jg5c5fnz8qtbw76g0fcwigr8ze1em8b Kachumbari 0 12571 75278 44770 2026-09-25T02:26:18Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75278 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Kachumbari''' ye saladi ey’ennyaanya n'obutungulu era nga [[:en:Relish|yettanirwa]] nnyo mu mmere y’omu kitundu [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|ky’ennyanja ennene mu Afrika]] . Eno y'e mmere ya saladi etafumbibwa nga mulimu ennyanya ezisalasaliddwa, obutungulu ne kaamulali. Ebika bya kachumbari eby'enjawulo zisobola okusangibwa mu [[:en:Kenya|Kenya]], [[:en:Tanzania|Tanzania]], [[:en:Rwanda|Rwanda]], [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]], [[:en:Burundi|Burundi]] ne mu mawanga g'amaserengeta ga Afrika okuli Malawi ne Congo. <ref>https://www.dispatch.com/story/lifestyle/2021/03/17/riziki-swahili-grill-tasty-culinary-trip-africa-northland-columbus/6946782002/</ref> Ekigambo [[:en:Swahili_language|ky'oluswayiri]] ''kachumbari'' kyasibuka mu kigambo [[:en:India|ky'oluyindi]] ''[[:en:Cachumber|cachumber]]'' . Kacuhumbali akolebwa mu butungulu obubisi obusalesale nga bugattiddwa mu nnyaanya embisi, nga mumansiddwaamu amatondo g'enniimu oba vinegar n’omunnyo omutonotono. == Enkozesa == Kachumbari akozesebwa nga saladi ateekebwa ku mmere oba aliibwa ng'emmere enkulu. Mu Kenya, [[Condiment|agabulibwa ne ''pilau'']], <ref name="Bala">{{Cite web |last=Bala |first=Nithu |title=Kachumbari - East African Salad |url=https://www.nithubala.com/2010/04/kachumbari-eastern-african-salad.html |access-date=24 July 2012 |publisher=nithubala.com |archive-date=26 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181126005432/http://www.nithubala.com/2010/04/kachumbari-eastern-african-salad.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[:en:Mukimo|omuchmo]], <ref>https://www.dispatch.com/story/lifestyle/2021/03/17/riziki-swahili-grill-tasty-culinary-trip-africa-northland-columbus/6946782002/</ref> oba ''[[:en:Nyama_choma|enyama enjokye]]'' n'akawunga . Mu Tanzania, ziriibwa n’omuceere gwa pilau oba ''[[:en:Biryani|biryani]]'' . Mu Malawi, zitera okuliibwa ku bwazo ng’emmere endala yonna eya saladi, ate mu Uganda etera okuliibwa ne ''nyama enjokye''. == Enjawulo == Ebirungo ebirala, gamba ng'ennimaawa oba enniimu, [[:en:Cilantro|kotimiiri]], parsley, ovakedo, oba cucumber, ate mu mbeera ezimu [[:en:Vodka|walagi]], nabyo bisobola okutekebwaamu, abamu bakyusaamu mu nteekateeka y’emmere eno nebateekamu [[:en:Habanero|kaamulali]] ow'enjawulo. <ref name="Bala"/> Kachumbari yettanirwa nnyo mu kitundu ekya African Great Lakes kyonna era zisobola okuliibwa n'omuceere gwa pilau wa Africa ne ''biryani'' ya Africa . Mu [[:en:Malawi|Malawi]], ziyitibwa ''sumu'' oba ''shum'' oba salad z'ennyaanya n'obutungulu. == Era laba ==   * Afghan salad, saladi efaananako bwetyo okuva mu Afghanistan * Arab salad, saladi efaananako bwetyo okuva mu nsi z’Abawalabu * Çoban salatası, saladi efaananako bwetyo okuva mu Butuluuki * Greek salad, saladi efaananako bwetyo okuva mu Buyonaani * Israeli salad, saladi efaananako bwetyo okuva mu Yisirayiri * Kachumber, saladi efaananako bwetyo okuva e Buyindi * Pico de gallo, salsa efaananako bwetyo okuva e Mexico * Serbian salad, saladi efaananako bwetyo okuva e Serbia * Shirazi salad, saladi efaananako bwetyo okuva e Iran * Shopska salad, saladi efaananako bwetyo okuva e Bulgaria * Olukalala lw'emmere y'Afirika * Olukalala lw’emmere y’obutungulu 50lseqbjkr7nnd37lxl2o0o31ktggu8 Yasmin Alibhai-Brown 0 13798 75290 72873 2026-09-25T07:05:51Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75290 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Yasmin Alibhai-Brown''' FRSL ( ''née'' '''Damji''' ; yazaalibwa 10 Ogwekkumineebiri 1949) munnamawulire era omuwandiisi Omuzungu. Omuwandiisi w’amawulire mu lupapula lwa ''The i Paper'' ne ''Evening Standard'',<ref name="cardiff">{{cite web |title=Yasmin Alibhai-Brown |url=http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/jomec/contactsandpeople/honorary/alibhai-brown-yasmin.html |access-date=20 April 2009 |publisher=[[Cardiff University]]}}</ref> muwandiisi w’ensonga z’okuyingira mu nsi, enjawulo, n’obuwangwa obw’enjawulo .<ref name="mcdonagh">{{cite news|last=McDonagh|first=Melanie|title=The New Statesman Profile – Yasmin Alibhai-Brown|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/200010230023|work=[[New Statesman]]|date=23 October 2000|access-date=20 April 2009}}</ref><ref name="smallman">{{cite news|last=Smallman|first=Etan|title=Independent Woman|url=http://www.epigram.org.uk/view.php?id=1245|publisher=Epigram|date=4 December 2006|access-date=20 April 2009|archive-date=27 September 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927215131/http://www.epigram.org.uk/view.php?id=1245|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ye yali omutandisi w’ekibiina ky’Abasiraamu ekya Bungereza ekya Secular Democracy.<ref name="ahmad">{{cite news|title=Representing ourselves better|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=1 May 2008|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2008/may/01/representingourselvesbetter|access-date=15 August 2012|location=London|first=Imran|last=Ahmad}}</ref> Era yali muyambi w'ekirabo ky'ebiwandiiko ekya SI Leeds.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141113195227/http://sileedsliteraryprize.wordpress.com/patrons/ Patrons] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113195227/http://sileedsliteraryprize.wordpress.com/patrons/|date=13 November 2014}}, SI Leeds Literary Prize.</ref> == Obulamu obuto n’amaka == Yasmin Damji yazaalibwa mu 1949 mu [[Abayindi mu Uganda|Bayindi]] e [[Kampala]] mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]] .<ref name="alibhai-brown-50s">{{cite web |last=Alibhai-Brown |first=Yasmin |date=26 September 2008 |title=Love in Your Fifties |url=http://www.alibhai-brown.com/archive/article.php?id=165 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707111643/http://www.alibhai-brown.com/archive/article.php?id=165 |archive-date=7 July 2011 |access-date=20 April 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=10 December 1949 |title=Ms Yasmin Alibhai-Brown Authorised Biography |url=http://www.debretts.com/people/biographies/search/results/21664/Yasmin%20ALIBHAI-BROWN.aspx |access-date=28 June 2014 |work=Debrett's People of Today |publisher=[[Debrett's]]}}</ref> Famire ye yali ya ttabi lya Nizari Ismaili<ref name="chatterjee">{{cite news|last=Chatterjee|first=Sonali Jha|title=Ismailis in the News: Yasmin Alibhai-Brown, Writer and Journalist|work=Ismaili Mail|url=http://ismailimail.wordpress.com/2007/02/17/ismailis-in-the-news-yasmin-alibhai-brown-writer-and-journalist/|date=17 February 2007|access-date=20 April 2009}}</ref> ery'enzikiriza y'Obusiraamu bw'Abashia,<ref>{{cite news|last=Alibhai-Brown|first=Yasmin|title=The suffering of Shia Muslims is heartbreaking|work=The Independent|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/commentators/yasmin-alibhai-brown/the-suffering-of-shia-muslims-is-heartbreaking-537667.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/commentators/yasmin-alibhai-brown/the-suffering-of-shia-muslims-is-heartbreaking-537667.html|archive-date=7 May 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|date=31 August 2003|access-date=10 August 2016}}</ref> era yeetwala ng'Omusiraamu Omushiya .<ref name="Alibhai-Brown">{{cite news|last=Alibhai-Brown|first=Yasmin|title=Wearing the burqa is neither Islamic nor socially acceptable|work=The Independent|location=London|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/commentators/yasmin-alibhai-brown/yasmin-alibhaibrown-wearing-the-burqa-is-neither-islamic-nor-socially-acceptable-1743375.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/commentators/yasmin-alibhai-brown/yasmin-alibhaibrown-wearing-the-burqa-is-neither-islamic-nor-socially-acceptable-1743375.html|archive-date=7 May 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|date=13 July 2009|access-date=28 June 2014}}</ref> Maama we yazaalibwa mu East Africa era kitaawe yasenguka okuva e Bungereza mu Buyindi mu myaka gya 1920.<ref name="golding">{{cite news|last=Golding|first=Rosalind|title=A Nest Egg – What's That Then?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/money/2001/jan/21/observercashsection.theobserver18|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=21 January 2001|access-date=20 April 2009|location=London}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’okutikkirwa mu biwandiiko by’Olungereza mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]] mu 1972, Alibhai-Brown yava mu Uganda n’agenda e Bungereza, wamu ne muwala wa muganda we, [[Farah Damji]], ng’ebula mbale [[Idi Amin]] agobe Ba Asia Abannayuganda, era n’amaliriza diguli eyookubiri mu by’obufirosoofo mu by’ebiwandiiko mu Linacre College, Oxford, University of Oxford, mu 1975.<ref name="cardiff" /> Oluvannyuma lw’okukola ng’omusomesa, naddala ng’ali n’abagwiira n’ababundabunda, yagenda mu by’amawulire ng’ali mu myaka gye egy’obukulu amakumi asatu.<ref name="chatterjee" /> Alibhai-Brown mufumbo ne Colin Brown, eyali ssentebe w’akakiiko akakola ku nsonga z’abakozesa mu kitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku by’ensimbi, gwe yasisinkana mu 1988.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/life_style/arts_ents/13209461.yasmin-alibhai-brown-lefty-liberal-anti-racist-feminist-muslim-inveterate-rule-breaker/|title=Yasmin Alibhai-Brown: a 'lefty-liberal, anti-racist, feminist Muslim' and inveterate rule-breaker|date=12 April 2015|newspaper=The Herald|first=Vicky|last=Allan}}</ref> Abafumbo bano balina omwana omuwala, ate Alibhai-Brown alina omwana ow’obulenzi okuva mu bufumbo bwe yalina emabega.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/feb/28/yasmin-alibhai-brown-cookbook|title=A taste of my past|first=Yasmin|last=Alibhai-Brown|newspaper=The Guardian|date=28 February 2009}}</ref> Alibhai-Brown yeeyogerako nga "omuntu wa mukono ogwa kkono akkiriza abantu okukola kye baagala, Omulwanirizi w'okubuusabuusa n'okusosola mu mawanga, ''Omukyala omulwanirizi w'eddembe ly'abakakyala'', Omusiramu, Omu ku kitundu Omupakistani".<ref>{{cite news|last=Alibhai-Brown|first=Yasmin|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/yasmin-alibhai-brown/yasmin-alibhai-brown-jack-straw-is-right-to-ask-hard-questions-about-asian-men-2180318.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/yasmin-alibhai-brown/yasmin-alibhai-brown-jack-straw-is-right-to-ask-hard-questions-about-asian-men-2180318.html|archive-date=7 May 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|work=The Independent|title=Jack Straw is right to ask hard questions about Asian men|date=10 January 2011}}</ref> == Omulimu n’endowooza == Munnamawulire mu magazini ya ''New Statesman'' ku ntandikwa y’emyaka gya 1980, Alibhai-Brown awaayo omuko buli wiiki mu ''The Independent'' .<ref>{{cite news|title=Yasmin Alibhai-Brown|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/yasmin-alibhai-brown//|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/yasmin-alibhai-brown//|archive-date=7 May 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|work=The Independent|location=London}}</ref> Era awandiise mu lupapula lwa ''The Guardian'', ''The Observer'', ''The New York Times'', magazini ya ''Time'', ''Newsweek'', ne ''Daily Mail'',<ref name="alibhai-brown-bio">{{cite web |last= |first= |title=Yasmin Alibhai-Brown |url=https://www.journalismfestival.com/speaker/yasmin-alibhai-brown |access-date=3 October 2022 |website=International Journalism Festival}}</ref> era alabiseeko ku pulogulaamu za ttivvi ezikwata ku nsonga eziriwo mu kiseera kino ''Dateline London'' ne ''The Wright Stuff'' . Alibhai-Brown awangudde engule mu by’amawulire, omuli Media Personality of the Year mu 2000 (eyaweebwa ekitongole kya Ethnic Multicultural Media Academy (EMMA)), George Orwell Prize for Political Journalism mu 2002, n’ekirabo kya EMMA Award for Journalism mu 2004.<ref name="cardiff" /> Alibhai-Brown yali munoonyereza mu Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR), ekibiina ekinoonyereza ku New Labour, okuva mu 1996 okutuuka mu 2001.<ref>{{cite web |date=November 2008 |title=Shaping Interculturalism in Youthwork – Yasmin Alibhai-Brown |url=https://www.intercultural.ie/articles/yasmin-alibhai-brown/ |access-date=20 April 2009 |publisher=NYCI (National Youth Council of Ireland)}}</ref> Yakomya enkolagana ye n’ekibiina kya Labour Party olw’olutalo olwali mu Iraq mu 2003 n’ensonga endala, era n’awagira aba Liberal Democrats mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2005 ne 2010 .<ref name="alibhai-brown-vote">{{cite news|last=Alibhai-Brown|first=Yasmin|title=Vote Liberal Democrat, Get Left-wing Activists|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/telegraph-view/3616630/Vote-Liberal-Democrat-get-Left-wing-activists.html|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=3 May 2005|access-date=20 April 2009|location=London}}</ref><ref name="totalpolitics-20110505">{{cite news|url=http://www.totalpolitics.com/articles/157837/in-conversation-with-yasmin-alibhaibrown.thtml|title=In conversation with... Yasmin Alibhai-Brown|newspaper=Total Politics|date=5 May 2011|access-date=8 October 2012}}</ref> Ye muyambi omukulu mu kunoonyereza mu Foreign Policy Center,<ref>{{cite web |title=Foreign Policy Centre: Staff |url=http://fpc.org.uk/staff/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090711181840/http://fpc.org.uk/staff/ |archive-date=11 July 2009 |access-date=20 April 2009}}</ref> omu ku bantu abali mu kakiiko ak'ekitiibwa mu Liverpool John Moores University,<ref name="alibhai-brown-bio" /> era nga ye pulofeesa omugenyi ow'ekitiibwa mu Cardiff<ref name="cardiff" /> ne Lincoln<ref name="alibhai-brown-bio" /> University. Mu mpaka za New Year Honors 2001, Alibhai-Brown yalondebwa okubeera Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) "olw'obuweereza eri bannamawulire". Mu 2003, Benjamin Zephaniah okugaana OBE mu lujjudde kyamuwaliriza okuzzaayo engule eno . Yawandiika nti okusalawo kwe kwali kukoleddwa ekitundu mu mwoyo ogweyongera ogw'obufuzi bwa repubulika ate ekitundu mu kwekalakaasa gavumenti ya Labour naddala engeri gye yatambuzaamu olutalo mu Iraq,<ref>{{cite news|last=Alibhai-Brown|first=Yasmin|title=Why I Have Decided to Give Back My Gong|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/yasmin-alibhai-brown/why-i-have-decided-to-give-back-my-gong-585320.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/yasmin-alibhai-brown/why-i-have-decided-to-give-back-my-gong-585320.html|archive-date=7 May 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|work=[[The Independent]]|date=1 December 2003|access-date=20 April 2009|location=London}}</ref> era okuva olwo azze avumirira enkola y' ebitiibwa mu Bungereza nti "kyonooneddwa nnyo ne kitasobola kuddamu kuddabirizibwa".<ref>{{cite news|last=Alibhai-Brown|first=Yasmin|title=These Shameless Honours Dishonour Us All|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/yasmin-alibhai-brown/yasmin-alibhaibrown-these-shameless-honours-dishonour-us-all-404665.html|work=The Independent|date=19 June 2006|access-date=20 April 2009|location=London}}</ref> Mu 2005, yakola omuzannyo gwe ogw'omukazi omu ogw'obulamu bwe ogwa ''Tales of an Extravagant Stranger'' mu Soho Theatre, wansi w'obulabirizi bwa kampuni ya Royal Shakespeare.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/theatre-dance/reviews/nowhere-to-belong-tales-of-an-extravagant-stranger-soho-theatre-london-527075.html|title=Nowhere to Belong: Tales of an Extravagant Stranger, Soho Theatre, London|first=Paul|last=Taylor|date=4 March 2005|newspaper=The Independent}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lifestyle/story/tales-of-my-father-50335-2009-06-18|title=Tales of my father|newspaper=India Today|first=Yasmin|last=Alibhai-Brown|date=19 June 2009}}</ref> Mu 2006, ekitongole ky'obwannakyewa ekya British Muslims for Secular Democracy kyatandikibwawo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=BRITISH MUSLIMS FOR SECULAR DEMOCRACY |title=SUBMISSION BY BRITISH MUSLIMS FOR SECULAR DEMOCRACY: registered charity (no.1122730) |url=https://committees.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/69566/html/#:~:text=British%20Muslims%20for%20Secular%20Democracy%20(BMSD)%3A,more%20obscurantist%20individuals%20and%20groups. |access-date=24 Oct 2024}}</ref> Omuwandiisi [[Imran Ahmad (writer)|Imran Ahmad]], eyali omulala ku kakiiko akaasooka, ajuliza Alibhai-Brown ng’omutandisi w’ekibiina kino. Stephen Pollard yamulumiriza okusosola mu mawanga era n'ayita endowooza ze "embi ennyo" mu ''lupapula lwa The Jewish Chronicle'' mu Gwomukaaga 2008 oluvannyuma lw'okuyita abawagizi b'ekibiina kya Conservative Party abaddugavu n'aba Asia nti " Uncle Toms ".<ref>{{cite news|last=Pollard|first=Stephen|title=Yasmin Alibhai-Brown Is a Disgrace|url=http://www.thejc.com/node/9732|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140624053309/http://www.thejc.com/node/9732|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 June 2014|work=[[The Jewish Chronicle]]|date=2 June 2008|access-date=24 September 2014}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumi 2009, Luciana Berger, omubaka era mu kiseera ekyo dayirekita wa Labour Friends of Israel (LFI), yanenya Alibhai-Brown olw'okuwandiika mu mboozi ye nti: "Ebibiina byonna ebisatu byasanyusibwa nnyo aba Friends of Israel abaali basukkiridde obuyinza." Berger yagamba nti Alibhai-Brown teyali ku mukolo gwa LFI wadde okuwa obujulizi bwonna okunyweza ekigambo kye. Berger yagamba nti okusembeza abagenyi ("omwenge gw'omu nnyumba oba omubisi gw'emicungwa ne chips. Crisps n'entangawuuzi singa otuuka mu bbakuli mu budde") tezaali za kitiibwa.<ref>{{cite web |last=Elgot |first=Jessica |date=14 October 2009 |title=Independent columnist slammed by LFI |url=http://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/20897/independent-columnist-slammed-lfi |access-date=24 September 2014 |work=The Jewish Chronicle |archive-date=14 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091014235443/http://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/20897/independent-columnist-slammed-lfi |url-status=dead}}</ref> Mu Gwokutaano 2011, Alibhai-Brown yawandiika mu ''lupapula lwa The Independent'' nti Abasiraamu n'abalala balina okulekera awo okussa essira ku bikolwa ebikyamu byokka ebya Yisirayiri, n'agamba nti: "Ffe Abasiraamu naffe twetaaga okukkiriza emigugu gyaffe." Era yagamba nti: "Tekikyali kya bwenkanya mu mpisa bannakyewa okutunuulira Yisirayiri yokka ne babuusa amaaso oba ne bafuna ensonga z'abafuzi b'ekinnansi Abawalabu abalya enguzi, abatemu. Okulonda okw'ekika ekyo kutyoboola abakulembeze ba kampeyini abawagira Palestina era kutyoboola emisingi gy'okwenkanankana n'eddembe ly'obuntu." <ref name="Stop">{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/commentators/yasmin-alibhai-brown/yasmin-alibhaibrown-stop-blaming-israel-for-every-grievance-in-the-middle-east-2277726.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/commentators/yasmin-alibhai-brown/yasmin-alibhaibrown-stop-blaming-israel-for-every-grievance-in-the-middle-east-2277726.html|archive-date=7 May 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=Yasmin Alibhai-Brown: Stop blaming Israel for every grievance in the Middle East|work=The Independent|first=Yasmin|last=Alibhai-Brown|date=2 May 2011|access-date=29 May 2014}}</ref> Brown emabegako yavumirira abakola kampeyini z'amawanga amatono okulwanyisa obusosoze mu mawanga okulemererwa okwogera ku bazungu abakoseddwa ebikolobero ebiva ku mawanga, nga kiraga nti baalina omusango gw'emitendera ebiri . Ng'alaga emisango ng'okuttibwa kwa Ross Parker, Alibhai-Brown yawandiika nti: "Empisa zaffe tezirina mugaso okuggyako nga bonna abakoseddwa okufa kuno okutaliimu makulu balina kyenkanyi", n'agattako "okutwala abamu abakoseddwa ng'abasaanira okuvumirira okusinga abalala tekisonyiyibwa era kulya mu nsi olukwe mu kulwanyisa obusosoze mu mawanga kwennyini".<ref name="Evening Standard">{{cite news|last=Alibhai Brown|first=Yasmin|title=When the victim is white, does anyone care?|url=http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-9282049/When-the-victim-is-white.html|access-date=28 July 2011|work=[[Evening Standard]]|date=26 October 2006|location=London}}</ref><ref name="Independent1">{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/yasmin-alibhai-brown/black-racism-is-every-bit-as-bad-as-white-racism-596435.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100131192554/https://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/yasmin-alibhai-brown/black-racism-is-every-bit-as-bad-as-white-racism-596435.html|archive-date=31 January 2010|url-status=live|location=London|work=The Independent|first=Yasmin|last=Alibhai-Brown|title=Black racism is every bit as bad as white racism|date=3 February 2003|access-date=28 July 2011}}</ref> Mu Gwokutaano 2012, Alibhai-Brown yafuna ebbaluwa ey’emiko esatu etamanyiddwa mannya ng’egamba nti ng’omusindika yali muwala wa ssomero mu myaka gya 1970 ye (eyasindika atamanyiddwa mannya) yali atulugunyizibwa omukozi wa BBC omukugu Stuart Hall . Oluvannyuma lwa Alibhai-Brown okuyisa ebbaluwa eno ku poliisi, okunoonyereza kwatandikibwawo, okutuuka ku ntikko Hall n’akwatibwa n’aggulwako emisango mingi egy’okusobya ku mwana. Nga 16 Ogwokuna 2013, Hall yakkiriza omusango gw’okusobya ku bawala 13, okuva ku myaka mwenda okutuuka ku 17, mu kiseera kya 1967–86. Poliisi yasiima ebikolwa bya Alibhai-Brown bye byayamba nnyo okuleetawo okunoonyereza ku bulamu bwa Hall obwayita.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/how-i-exposed-stuart-halls-sex-abuse-yasmin-alibhaibrown-on-the-letter-that-kickstarted-the-investigation-8601517.html|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/how-i-exposed-stuart-halls-sex-abuse-yasmin-alibhaibrown-on-the-letter-that-kickstarted-the-investigation-8601517.html|archive-date=7 May 2022|url-access=subscription|url-status=live|title=How I exposed Stuart Hall's sex abuse: Yasmin Alibhai-Brown on the letter that kick-started the investigation|work=The Independent|date=3 May 2012|access-date=3 May 2013|author=Alibhai-Brown, Yasmin}}</ref> Mu 2016, Alibhai-Brown yawangula engule ya Columnist of the Year Broadsheet mu mpaka za British Press Awards.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ltd |first=Magstar |title=Press Awards |url=http://www.pressawards.org.uk/page-view.php?pagename=winners-2016 |access-date=29 March 2017 |website=www.pressawards.org.uk |language=EN-GB}}</ref> Mu 2017, yafuna engule ya "Outstanding Contribution to Media Award" mu mpaka za Asian Media Awards, ezaaweebwa Sarfraz Manzoor.<ref>{{cite web |date=30 October 2017 |title=Yasmin Alibhai-Brown presented with Outstanding Contribution to Media Award 2017 |url=https://www.asianmediaawards.com/yasmin-alibhai-brown-presented-outstanding-contribution-media-award-2017/ |access-date=6 June 2024 |website=Asian Media Awards}}</ref> Alibhai-Brown yalondebwa okuba Fellow w'ekibiina kya Royal Society of Literature mu 2022.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Shaffi|first=Sarah|last2=Knight|first2=Lucy|date=2022-07-12|title=Adjoa Andoh, Russell T Davies and Michaela Coel elected to Royal Society of Literature|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/jul/12/adjoa-andoh-russell-t-davies-and-michaela-coel-elected-to-royal-society-of-literature|access-date=2023-06-23|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> == Londa ensengeka y’ebitabo == * ''Langi y’omukwano: Enkolagana y’amawanga agatabuddwa'' (ne Anne Montague) (1992). London: Virago . * ''Obusosoze mu mawanga (Endowooza)'', (ne Colin Brown) (1992). Hodder Wayland nga ye . [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/1-85210-651-4|<bdi>1-85210-651-4</bdi>]] * ''Tewali Kifo Nga Awaka'' (1995). London: Virago . [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/1-85381-642-6|<bdi>1-85381-642-6</bdi>]] * ''Langi Entuufu'' (1999). London: Ekitongole ekikola ku kunoonyereza ku nkola ya gavumenti . [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/1-86030-083-9|<bdi>1-86030-083-9 ku ssimu</bdi>]] * ''Tulowooza nti Tuli Ani? Okulowooza ku Bungereza Empya'' (2000). London: Ensolo ekika kya Penguin . [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-14-025598-2|<bdi>0-14-025598-2</bdi>]] * ''Oluvannyuma lw’obuwangwa obw’enjawulo'' (2000). London: Ekitongole ekikola ku nsonga z’ebweru . [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-9535598-8-2|<bdi>0-9535598-8-2 ku ssimu</bdi>]] * ''Enneewulira ezitabuliddwa: Obulamu Obuzibu obw’Abangereza ab’amawanga agatabuddwa'' (2001). London: Ekitongole ky’amawulire eky’abakyala . [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-7043-4706-7|<bdi>0-7043-4706-7 ku ssimu</bdi>]] * ''Abamu ku mikwano gyange egy’oku lusegere Be...'' (2004). London: Ekitongole kya Politico . [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/1-84275-107-7|<bdi>1-84275-107-7 ku ssimu</bdi>]] * ''Ekitabo ky’okufumba ky’omusenze: Ekijjukizo ky’omukwano, okusenguka n’emmere'' (2008). Ebitabo bya Portobello . Ekitabo ekipya (2010) Ebitabo bya Granta . [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1846270840|<bdi>978-1846270840 ku ssimu</bdi>]] * ''Okugaana Okubikka'' (2014). Ekitongole ky'okufulumya ebitabo ekya Biteback . * ''Bungereza ey’enjawulo; Okukola Eggwanga ery’okwegomba'' (2015). Ebitabo bya Portobello. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1846274190|<bdi>978-1846274190 ku ssimu</bdi>]] * ''Mu Kulwanirira Obutuufu bw'Ebyobufuzi'' (2018). Ekitongole ky’okufulumya ebitabo ekya Biteback. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1785904141|<bdi>978-1785904141 ku ssimu</bdi>]] * ''Abakyala abakuba ebikonde: Abakyala ataano abakulembeze nga emboozi zaabwe olina okumanya'' (2020). Ekitongole ky’okufulumya ebitabo ekya Biteback. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1785904769|<bdi>978-1785904769 ku ssimu</bdi>]] == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == * [https://www.independent.co.uk/author/yasmin-alibhai-brown Empagi] ku lupapula lwa ''The Independent'' * [https://www.theguardian.com/profile/yasminalibhaibrown Etterekero ly’empagi ku lupapula] lwa ''The Guardian'' * [https://www.newstatesman.com/author/yasmin-alibhai-brown Yasmin Alibhai-Brown mu] firimu ya ''New Statesman'' * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160916060539/http://journalisted.com/yasmin-alibhaibrown Emiko gyafulumizza] ku Journalisted * Yasmin Alibhai-Brown [[Category:Abaasomera ku Makerere University]] [[Category:Omuzannyo gw'Ebikonde mu Uganda]] czziclfked75g9qstl95qbs13ntuwe5 Titus Ssematimba 0 13858 75244 72576 2026-09-24T12:21:46Z Lillylove256 10862 ntereezeza empandiika 75244 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Titus Ssematimba''' (yazaalibwa 15 Ogwomunaana 2003) [[Munnayuganda]] muzannyi w'omupiira azannyira [[National Enterprise Corporation FC|NEC FC]] mu Uganda Premier League ne ku [[Uganda Cranes ettiimu y'eggwanga|Ttiimu y'eggwanga]] ng'omuwuwuttanyi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-23 |title=Titus Ssematimba completes move to another UPL side |url=https://swiftsportsug.com/2025/06/23/titus-ssematimba-completes-move-to-another-upl-side/ |access-date=2025-08-27 |website=Swift Sports Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last=Strack-Zimmermann |first=Benjamin |title=Titus Ssematimba (Player) |url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/88657/Titus_Ssematimba.html |website=www.national-football-teams.com}}</ref> Mu 2022 CECAFA U-20 Championship mu Sudan, Ssematimba yalondebwa okuba omuzannyi asinze mu mpaka ezo.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Titus Ssematimba named U20 CECAFA player of tournament &#124; Swift Sports Uganda |url=https://swiftsportsug.com/blog/titus-ssematimba-named-u20-cecafa-player-of-tournament/ |access-date=2022-12-15 |publisher=Swiftsportsug.com |archive-date=2022-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112212240/https://swiftsportsug.com/blog/titus-ssematimba-named-u20-cecafa-player-of-tournament/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Emirimu gye == === Wakiso Giants FC === Mu Gwomwenda 2021, Ssematimba yalangirirwa mu butongole ku Wakiso Giants FC okuva mu Black Star FC ey'omubendobendo ly'omu Kampala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome Tito! Ssematimba joins us from Black Star FC |url=https://wakisogiantsfc.com/news/welcome-tito-ssematimba-joins-us-from-black-star-fc |website=wakisogiantsfc.com |access-date=2026-05-27 |archive-date=2023-04-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401193217/https://wakisogiantsfc.com/news/welcome-tito-ssematimba-joins-us-from-black-star-fc |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nga 3 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2021, yazannyira ttiimu ye eya Wakiso Giants FC omulundi ogusooka ng'ekuba [[Kilaabu ya SC Villa|SC Villa]] 3-1 ku Kavumba Recreation Center gye yateebera ggoolo bbiri mu mupiira ogwo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aheebwa |first=Brian |date=November 5, 2021 |title=Kasule, Ssematimba extend bromance to Wakiso Giants |url=https://football256.com/47322-2/ |access-date=May 27, 2026 |archive-date=April 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401193214/https://football256.com/47322-2/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Wakiso Giants FC Condemns SC Villa to First Season Loss |url=https://blizz.co.ug/7279/Wakiso-Giants-FC-Condemns-SC-Villa-to-First-Season-Loss |website=blizz.co.ug}}</ref> === Ttiimu y'eggwanga === ==== Uganda U20 ==== Ssematimba yazannyira Uganda U20 mu mpaka za CECAFA U-20 Championship eza 2022 ezaali e [[Sudaani|Sudan]] mu 2022. Yasooka kugizannyira nga 29 Ogwekkumi 2022, ng'ezannya Tanzania U20 mu kisaawe kya Al-Hilal, Omdurman.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Match Report of Uganda U20 vs Tanzania U20 - 2022-10-29 - CECAFA U-20 Championship - Global Sports Archive |url=https://globalsportsarchive.com/match/soccer/2022-10-29/uganda-u20-vs-tanzania-u20/2846895/ |website=globalsportsarchive.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 26, 2022 |title=AFCON U20 Zonal Qualifiers: Uganda Hippos final travelling squad to Sudan named |url=https://fufa.co.ug/afcon-u20-zonal-qualifiers-uganda-hippos-final-travelling-squad-to-sudan-named/}}</ref> ==== Ttiimu ya Uganda ey'eggwanga ey'omupiira ==== Nga 21 Ogwomwenda 2022, Ssematimba lwe yasooka okuzannyira [[Uganda Cranes ettiimu y'eggwanga|Uganda]] mu mpaka za Tri-national ng'ezannya [[Libya]].<ref name="auto"/> ==== Ggoolo ku ddaala ly'ensi yonna ==== : ''Ebyava mu mupiira n'okugatta ggoolo za Uganda.'' <ref name="auto"/> {| class="wikitable" !Omuw. ! Ennaku z'omwezi ! Ekifo ! Omuvuganya ! Okuteeba ! Alizaati ! Empaka |- | 1. | 21 Ogwomwenda 2022 | Martyrs of February Stadium, Benina,[[Libya]] | Lebanon | align="center" | '''0''' –0 | align="center" | 0–0 | Empaka za Tri Nations |- | 2. | rowspan="2" | 24 Ogwomwenda 2022 | rowspan="2" | Martyrs of February Stadium, Benina,[[Libya]] | rowspan="2" | Tanzania | align="center" | '''1''' –0 | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | 1–0 | rowspan="2" | Empaka za Tri Nations |} == Ebitiibwa == '''Omuzannyi asinze mu mpaka za U20 CECAFA''' <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Titus Ssematimba named U20 CECAFA player of tournament &#124; Swift Sports Uganda |url=https://swiftsportsug.com/blog/titus-ssematimba-named-u20-cecafa-player-of-tournament/#:~:text=Titus%20Ssematimba%20was%20named%20U20,to%20retain%20the%20CECAFA%20trophy |access-date=2022-12-15 |publisher=Swiftsportsug.com |archive-date=2022-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112212240/https://swiftsportsug.com/blog/titus-ssematimba-named-u20-cecafa-player-of-tournament/#:~:text=Titus%20Ssematimba%20was%20named%20U20,to%20retain%20the%20CECAFA%20trophy |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == * [[:en:Template:NFT_player|Titus Ssematimba at National-Football-Teams.com]] * [[:en:Template:Soccerway|Titus Ssematimba at Soccerway]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Ssematimba, Titus}} [[Category:Bazannyi b'omupiira Abannayuganda]] [[Category:Omupiira mu Uganda]] l39d4dg0yj89igvcvsueflcr4i4fwbo 75245 75244 2026-09-24T12:22:35Z Lillylove256 10862 added [[Category:Bannayuganda abazannyi b'omupiira abami]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 75245 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Titus Ssematimba''' (yazaalibwa 15 Ogwomunaana 2003) [[Munnayuganda]] muzannyi w'omupiira azannyira [[National Enterprise Corporation FC|NEC FC]] mu Uganda Premier League ne ku [[Uganda Cranes ettiimu y'eggwanga|Ttiimu y'eggwanga]] ng'omuwuwuttanyi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-23 |title=Titus Ssematimba completes move to another UPL side |url=https://swiftsportsug.com/2025/06/23/titus-ssematimba-completes-move-to-another-upl-side/ |access-date=2025-08-27 |website=Swift Sports Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last=Strack-Zimmermann |first=Benjamin |title=Titus Ssematimba (Player) |url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/88657/Titus_Ssematimba.html |website=www.national-football-teams.com}}</ref> Mu 2022 CECAFA U-20 Championship mu Sudan, Ssematimba yalondebwa okuba omuzannyi asinze mu mpaka ezo.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Titus Ssematimba named U20 CECAFA player of tournament &#124; Swift Sports Uganda |url=https://swiftsportsug.com/blog/titus-ssematimba-named-u20-cecafa-player-of-tournament/ |access-date=2022-12-15 |publisher=Swiftsportsug.com |archive-date=2022-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112212240/https://swiftsportsug.com/blog/titus-ssematimba-named-u20-cecafa-player-of-tournament/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Emirimu gye == === Wakiso Giants FC === Mu Gwomwenda 2021, Ssematimba yalangirirwa mu butongole ku Wakiso Giants FC okuva mu Black Star FC ey'omubendobendo ly'omu Kampala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome Tito! Ssematimba joins us from Black Star FC |url=https://wakisogiantsfc.com/news/welcome-tito-ssematimba-joins-us-from-black-star-fc |website=wakisogiantsfc.com |access-date=2026-05-27 |archive-date=2023-04-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401193217/https://wakisogiantsfc.com/news/welcome-tito-ssematimba-joins-us-from-black-star-fc |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nga 3 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2021, yazannyira ttiimu ye eya Wakiso Giants FC omulundi ogusooka ng'ekuba [[Kilaabu ya SC Villa|SC Villa]] 3-1 ku Kavumba Recreation Center gye yateebera ggoolo bbiri mu mupiira ogwo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aheebwa |first=Brian |date=November 5, 2021 |title=Kasule, Ssematimba extend bromance to Wakiso Giants |url=https://football256.com/47322-2/ |access-date=May 27, 2026 |archive-date=April 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401193214/https://football256.com/47322-2/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Wakiso Giants FC Condemns SC Villa to First Season Loss |url=https://blizz.co.ug/7279/Wakiso-Giants-FC-Condemns-SC-Villa-to-First-Season-Loss |website=blizz.co.ug}}</ref> === Ttiimu y'eggwanga === ==== Uganda U20 ==== Ssematimba yazannyira Uganda U20 mu mpaka za CECAFA U-20 Championship eza 2022 ezaali e [[Sudaani|Sudan]] mu 2022. Yasooka kugizannyira nga 29 Ogwekkumi 2022, ng'ezannya Tanzania U20 mu kisaawe kya Al-Hilal, Omdurman.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Match Report of Uganda U20 vs Tanzania U20 - 2022-10-29 - CECAFA U-20 Championship - Global Sports Archive |url=https://globalsportsarchive.com/match/soccer/2022-10-29/uganda-u20-vs-tanzania-u20/2846895/ |website=globalsportsarchive.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 26, 2022 |title=AFCON U20 Zonal Qualifiers: Uganda Hippos final travelling squad to Sudan named |url=https://fufa.co.ug/afcon-u20-zonal-qualifiers-uganda-hippos-final-travelling-squad-to-sudan-named/}}</ref> ==== Ttiimu ya Uganda ey'eggwanga ey'omupiira ==== Nga 21 Ogwomwenda 2022, Ssematimba lwe yasooka okuzannyira [[Uganda Cranes ettiimu y'eggwanga|Uganda]] mu mpaka za Tri-national ng'ezannya [[Libya]].<ref name="auto"/> ==== Ggoolo ku ddaala ly'ensi yonna ==== : ''Ebyava mu mupiira n'okugatta ggoolo za Uganda.'' <ref name="auto"/> {| class="wikitable" !Omuw. ! Ennaku z'omwezi ! Ekifo ! Omuvuganya ! Okuteeba ! Alizaati ! Empaka |- | 1. | 21 Ogwomwenda 2022 | Martyrs of February Stadium, Benina,[[Libya]] | Lebanon | align="center" | '''0''' –0 | align="center" | 0–0 | Empaka za Tri Nations |- | 2. | rowspan="2" | 24 Ogwomwenda 2022 | rowspan="2" | Martyrs of February Stadium, Benina,[[Libya]] | rowspan="2" | Tanzania | align="center" | '''1''' –0 | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | 1–0 | rowspan="2" | Empaka za Tri Nations |} == Ebitiibwa == '''Omuzannyi asinze mu mpaka za U20 CECAFA''' <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Titus Ssematimba named U20 CECAFA player of tournament &#124; Swift Sports Uganda |url=https://swiftsportsug.com/blog/titus-ssematimba-named-u20-cecafa-player-of-tournament/#:~:text=Titus%20Ssematimba%20was%20named%20U20,to%20retain%20the%20CECAFA%20trophy |access-date=2022-12-15 |publisher=Swiftsportsug.com |archive-date=2022-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112212240/https://swiftsportsug.com/blog/titus-ssematimba-named-u20-cecafa-player-of-tournament/#:~:text=Titus%20Ssematimba%20was%20named%20U20,to%20retain%20the%20CECAFA%20trophy |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == * [[:en:Template:NFT_player|Titus Ssematimba at National-Football-Teams.com]] * [[:en:Template:Soccerway|Titus Ssematimba at Soccerway]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Ssematimba, Titus}} [[Category:Bazannyi b'omupiira Abannayuganda]] [[Category:Omupiira mu Uganda]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abazannyi b'omupiira abami]] b5fmhpk4y0w2fsoz95omz88rp776ofe 75246 75245 2026-09-24T12:23:03Z Lillylove256 10862 added [[Category:Abantu abasibuka mu Disitulikiti y'e Kampala]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 75246 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Titus Ssematimba''' (yazaalibwa 15 Ogwomunaana 2003) [[Munnayuganda]] muzannyi w'omupiira azannyira [[National Enterprise Corporation FC|NEC FC]] mu Uganda Premier League ne ku [[Uganda Cranes ettiimu y'eggwanga|Ttiimu y'eggwanga]] ng'omuwuwuttanyi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-23 |title=Titus Ssematimba completes move to another UPL side |url=https://swiftsportsug.com/2025/06/23/titus-ssematimba-completes-move-to-another-upl-side/ |access-date=2025-08-27 |website=Swift Sports Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last=Strack-Zimmermann |first=Benjamin |title=Titus Ssematimba (Player) |url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/88657/Titus_Ssematimba.html |website=www.national-football-teams.com}}</ref> Mu 2022 CECAFA U-20 Championship mu Sudan, Ssematimba yalondebwa okuba omuzannyi asinze mu mpaka ezo.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Titus Ssematimba named U20 CECAFA player of tournament &#124; Swift Sports Uganda |url=https://swiftsportsug.com/blog/titus-ssematimba-named-u20-cecafa-player-of-tournament/ |access-date=2022-12-15 |publisher=Swiftsportsug.com |archive-date=2022-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112212240/https://swiftsportsug.com/blog/titus-ssematimba-named-u20-cecafa-player-of-tournament/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Emirimu gye == === Wakiso Giants FC === Mu Gwomwenda 2021, Ssematimba yalangirirwa mu butongole ku Wakiso Giants FC okuva mu Black Star FC ey'omubendobendo ly'omu Kampala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome Tito! Ssematimba joins us from Black Star FC |url=https://wakisogiantsfc.com/news/welcome-tito-ssematimba-joins-us-from-black-star-fc |website=wakisogiantsfc.com |access-date=2026-05-27 |archive-date=2023-04-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401193217/https://wakisogiantsfc.com/news/welcome-tito-ssematimba-joins-us-from-black-star-fc |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nga 3 Ogwekkuminoogumu 2021, yazannyira ttiimu ye eya Wakiso Giants FC omulundi ogusooka ng'ekuba [[Kilaabu ya SC Villa|SC Villa]] 3-1 ku Kavumba Recreation Center gye yateebera ggoolo bbiri mu mupiira ogwo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aheebwa |first=Brian |date=November 5, 2021 |title=Kasule, Ssematimba extend bromance to Wakiso Giants |url=https://football256.com/47322-2/ |access-date=May 27, 2026 |archive-date=April 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401193214/https://football256.com/47322-2/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Wakiso Giants FC Condemns SC Villa to First Season Loss |url=https://blizz.co.ug/7279/Wakiso-Giants-FC-Condemns-SC-Villa-to-First-Season-Loss |website=blizz.co.ug}}</ref> === Ttiimu y'eggwanga === ==== Uganda U20 ==== Ssematimba yazannyira Uganda U20 mu mpaka za CECAFA U-20 Championship eza 2022 ezaali e [[Sudaani|Sudan]] mu 2022. Yasooka kugizannyira nga 29 Ogwekkumi 2022, ng'ezannya Tanzania U20 mu kisaawe kya Al-Hilal, Omdurman.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Match Report of Uganda U20 vs Tanzania U20 - 2022-10-29 - CECAFA U-20 Championship - Global Sports Archive |url=https://globalsportsarchive.com/match/soccer/2022-10-29/uganda-u20-vs-tanzania-u20/2846895/ |website=globalsportsarchive.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 26, 2022 |title=AFCON U20 Zonal Qualifiers: Uganda Hippos final travelling squad to Sudan named |url=https://fufa.co.ug/afcon-u20-zonal-qualifiers-uganda-hippos-final-travelling-squad-to-sudan-named/}}</ref> ==== Ttiimu ya Uganda ey'eggwanga ey'omupiira ==== Nga 21 Ogwomwenda 2022, Ssematimba lwe yasooka okuzannyira [[Uganda Cranes ettiimu y'eggwanga|Uganda]] mu mpaka za Tri-national ng'ezannya [[Libya]].<ref name="auto"/> ==== Ggoolo ku ddaala ly'ensi yonna ==== : ''Ebyava mu mupiira n'okugatta ggoolo za Uganda.'' <ref name="auto"/> {| class="wikitable" !Omuw. ! Ennaku z'omwezi ! Ekifo ! Omuvuganya ! Okuteeba ! Alizaati ! Empaka |- | 1. | 21 Ogwomwenda 2022 | Martyrs of February Stadium, Benina,[[Libya]] | Lebanon | align="center" | '''0''' –0 | align="center" | 0–0 | Empaka za Tri Nations |- | 2. | rowspan="2" | 24 Ogwomwenda 2022 | rowspan="2" | Martyrs of February Stadium, Benina,[[Libya]] | rowspan="2" | Tanzania | align="center" | '''1''' –0 | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | 1–0 | rowspan="2" | Empaka za Tri Nations |} == Ebitiibwa == '''Omuzannyi asinze mu mpaka za U20 CECAFA''' <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Titus Ssematimba named U20 CECAFA player of tournament &#124; Swift Sports Uganda |url=https://swiftsportsug.com/blog/titus-ssematimba-named-u20-cecafa-player-of-tournament/#:~:text=Titus%20Ssematimba%20was%20named%20U20,to%20retain%20the%20CECAFA%20trophy |access-date=2022-12-15 |publisher=Swiftsportsug.com |archive-date=2022-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112212240/https://swiftsportsug.com/blog/titus-ssematimba-named-u20-cecafa-player-of-tournament/#:~:text=Titus%20Ssematimba%20was%20named%20U20,to%20retain%20the%20CECAFA%20trophy |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == * [[:en:Template:NFT_player|Titus Ssematimba at National-Football-Teams.com]] * [[:en:Template:Soccerway|Titus Ssematimba at Soccerway]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Ssematimba, Titus}} [[Category:Bazannyi b'omupiira Abannayuganda]] [[Category:Omupiira mu Uganda]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abazannyi b'omupiira abami]] [[Category:Abantu abasibuka mu Disitulikiti y'e Kampala]] kmm4rh4d4b25tqmkvnr39kgrok6ez75 Peace Oliver Amuge 0 13881 75285 69293 2026-09-25T04:29:54Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75285 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peace Olive Amuge''' [[:en:Demographics_of_Uganda|Munnayuganda]] [[:en:Policy_analysis|mukugu mu kw'ekenneenya amateeka]], omukugu mu by'empuliziganya, [[:en:Advocate|omulwanirizi w'eddembe]] ly'abantu mu [[:en:Gender|kikula]] n'eddembe ku [[:en:Digital_rights|mikutu migattabantu]]. Alwanirira okubunyisa okumanyisa abantu ku ngeri abantu gyebatulugunyizibwamu ku mitumbagano mu kimanyikiddwa nga Tech Facilitated Gender Based Violence (TFGBV) okutumbula obukuumi bw’abakyala n’abawala nga bakozesa [[:en:Digital_platform_(infrastructure)|emikutu emigattabantu]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Amuge, Peace Oliver {{!}} Internet Governance Forum (IGF) |url=https://www.intgovforum.org/en/content/amuge-peace-oliver |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=www.intgovforum.org}}</ref> Yaliko [[:en:Executive_director|Nnankulu]] w'ekitongole kya [[:en:WOUGNET|Women of Uganda Network]]. Era akola ng'akawasaganya eby'empuliziganya mu kitongole kya Africa Regional Strategy Lead for Association for Progressive Communication, era mmemba ku lukiiko olufuzi mu olwekkenneenya amateeka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=wougnet |date=2023-06-05 |title=Women of Uganda Network (WOUGNET) at RightsCon 2023 |url=https://wougnet.org/women-of-uganda-network-wougnet-at-rightscon-2023/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=WOUGNET |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=AfricanFeminism |date=2020-06-18 |title=Countering Nonconsensual Sharing of Intimate Images: How far do Uganda’s Laws Go? - African Feminism (AF) |url=https://africanfeminism.com/countering-nonconsensual-sharing-of-intimate-images-how-far-do-ugandas-laws-go/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-10 |title=Bridging the gender digital divide in Uganda |url=https://civictech.africa/bridging-the-gender-digital-divide-in-uganda/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=CTIN |language=en-ZA |archive-date=2026-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260531182619/https://civictech.africa/bridging-the-gender-digital-divide-in-uganda/ |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://wougnet.org/about-us/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=WOUGNET |language=en-US}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Peace Olive Amuge akolera mu kitongole kya [[:en:Association_for_Progressive_Communications|Association for Progressive Communications]]. Mmemba w’akakiiko akawabula abakwatibwako ennyo mu lukiiko lw'[[:en:United_Nations|amawanga amagatte]] [[:en:Internet_Governance_Forum|olufuga yintaneeti]] era ayambako mu kukola amateeka g’ensi yonna ku ddembe lya digito n’[[:en:Digital_inclusion|okuteeka abantu bonna ku nkola ya digito]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=peace |url=https://www.apc.org/en/profile/peace |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=www.apc.org |language=en}}</ref> Peace muntu asinga okutunuulirwa ng’akulembera essomero lya Africa School ku nzirukanya ya yintaneeti, pulogulaamu y’ekitundu ng'atendeka banne n’abakwatibwako mu kitundu ku nkola ya tekinologiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=African School on Internet Governance (AfriSIG) |url=https://www.isocfoundation.org/project/african-school-on-internet-governance-afrisig/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=Internet Society Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-05-25 |title=Association for Progressive Communications Opens Call for Nominations for 14th Edition of African School on Internet Governance - Media Rights Agenda |url=https://mediarightsagenda.org/association-for-progressive-communications-opens-call-for-nominations-for-14th-edition-of-african-school-on-internet-governance/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |language=en-US}}</ref> Yaliko omusomesa/ omutendesi ku Open Internet for Democracy Initiative era yaweereza nga mmemba omuwabuzi mu kibiina kya Open Internet for Democracy Advisory Group, enteeketeeka eyateekebwawo aba Center for International Private Enterprise (CIPE). == Laba na bino == * [[Prudence Nyamishana]] * [[Sarah Bireete]] * [[Stella Nyanzi]] * [[Vanessa Nakate]] * [[Anna Ebaju Adeke]] * [[Monicah Amoding]] == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> ouc0hdu0y0qf3qw6i7p920lgx3vd06d America 0 14984 75263 72254 2026-09-24T23:09:17Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75263 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Template:Infobox country/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox Country|image_flag=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg}}<templatestyles src="Template:Infobox country/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox Country|image_flag=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg}}'''United States of America''' ('''USA'''), era emanyiddwa nga '''United States'''( '''U.S.''' ) oba '''Amerika''', nsi okusinga esangibwa mu [[North America|Bukiikakkono bwa America]] . Lino ggwanga eririna federo eririmu amasaza 50 ne disitulikiti enkulu eya federo, eya Washington, DC Amasaza 48 agakwatagana gali ku nsalo ya Canada mu bukiikakkono ne [[Mexico]] mu bukiikaddyo, nga mu bukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba gali kitundu kya Alaska [[n’ekizinga]] kya Hawaii mu [[Pacific Ocean]]. Amerika era okuwa eddembe ku bwannannyini ku bitundu by'ebizinga ebikulu ebitaano n'ebizinga eby'enjawulo ebitaliimu bantu mu Oceania ne Caribbean.[ i ] Ensi erimu ebintu ebyenjawulo, nga eri mu kifo kyakusatu mu nsi yonna mu bunene bw'ettaka[ c ] n'ekitundu [[eky'okusatu mu bungi bw'abantu]], nga bano basukka mu bukadde 341.[ j ]. Abantu abayitibwa ba Paleo-Indians baasooka kusenguka okuva mu Bukiikakkono bwa Asia ne bagenda mu Bukiikakkono bwa America waakiri emyaka 15,000 egiyise, era ne batandika obugunjufu obw'enjawulo. Abazungu okuzuula Abamerika kwatandika mu 1492, era okufuga kwa Bungereza kw'ekwaddirira wamu n’okusenga mu 1607 mu Virginia, eyasooka ku Matwale Ekkuminaasatu. Enzikiriza y'Amerika eyabuna mu matwale gonna mu kyasa eky'e 18 yatwala enkola ya repubulika n'enkola ey'eddembe ng'ekikulu . Enkaayana n’Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza olw’okusolooza omusolo nga tewali kikiikirirwa mu palamenti n’okugaana eddembe eddala ery’Olungereza zaavaamu Enkyukakyuka mu Amerika, eyavaako ekiteeso ekyayisibwa ekya LEE nga 2 Ogwomusanvu, 1776, okulangirira mu butongole obwetwaze okuva ku Bungereza. Nga wayise ennaku bbiri, nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, Okulangirira kw’Obwetwaze kyayisibwa era ne kifulumizibwa mu lujjudde. Obuwanguzi mu lutalo lw’enkyukakyuka olwa 1775–1783 bwaleeta okukkiriza kw’ensi yonna ku ddembe ly'eggwanga lino . Amerika yagaziya mangu amatwale gaayo okudda mu bugwanjuba ng’egula, esenga ng’oewamba ebitundu eby’enjawulo ebyali biifugibwa Abazungu n’Abantu bannansangwa. Nga amawanga amalala gayingizibwa mu Bwegassi, enjawukana okuva mu Bukiikakkono n'Obukiikaddyo yabalukawo nga eva ku kukozesa baddu era yaleetera amawanga 11 ag’obukiikaddyo okulangirira okwekutula ne geegatta nga Confederate States of America okusobola okukuuma obuddu eyo. Amasaza gano gaalwanagana n’Obwegassi mu lutalo lw’omunda mu Amerika olwa 1861&#x2013;1865 era ne gawangulwa. Amerika bwe yawangula n’okuddamu okwegatta, obuddu bwaggyibwawo mu ggwanga lyonna. Mu mwaka gwa 1900, eggwanga lino lyali lyenyweza ng’amawanga ag'amaanyi ekifo ekyo ne kinywezebwa oluvannyuma lw’okwenyigira mu Ssematalo Eyasooka. Oluvannyuma lwa Japan okulumba Pearl Harbor mu 1941, Amerika yayingira Ssematalo Owookubiri ku ludda lw'amawanga ag'omukago . Ebyava mu lutalo luno byaleka Amerika ne Soviet Union nga amawanga amanene agavuganya, nga gavuganya ku bufuzi bw'endowooza n'obuyinza bw'ensi yonna mu kiseera kya Ssematalo ow'endowooza. Soviet Union okugwa mu 1991 kyaleka Amerika ng'eggwanga ery'amaanyi erimu lyokka mu nsi yonna, wadde nga [[Cayina|China]] ebadde eyogerwako nnyo okuva mu myaka gya 2020 ng'eyinza okutuuka ku ddaala ly'erimu. Gavumenti eya federo ye demokulasiya ekiikirira abantu ng’erina pulezidenti ne ssemateeka akola okwawula obuyinza wakati w’amasiga asatu: erya ssemateeka, erifuzi, n’eddamuzi. Congress lukiiko lw’ababaka ba palamenti olw’eggwanga olulimu enkiiko bbiri nga lulimu olukiiko lw’ababaka ( olukiiko olwa wansi okusinziira ku bungi bw’abantu) ne Senate ( olukiiko olwa waggulu olwesigama ku kukiikirira okw’enkanankana ku buli ssaza). Enfuga ya Federo ewa amawanga 50 obwetwaze obw’amaanyi . Ensi eyakulaakulana eno eya Amerika eri ku kifo kya waggulu mu kuvuganya mu by’enfuna, obuyiiya, n’ebyenjigiriza ebya waggulu. Nga ekola ekitundu ekisukka mu kimu kyakuna ku GDP y’ensi yonna emanyiddwa, ebyenfuna byayo bye bibadde ebisinga obunene mu nsi yonna okuva nga mu mwaka gwa 1890. Y'ensi esinga obugagga, ng’esinga ensimbi z’amaka ezikozesebwa buli muntu mu mawanga ga OECD, wadde ng’obutenkanankana bwayo mu by’obugagga bweyoleka nnyo. Obuwangwa bwa Amerika nga bukoleddwa olw'ebyasa ebiyise nga abantu ab'enjawulo bayingira mu ggwanga eryo, bwa njawulo era bukwata ku nsi yonna. Olw’okuba eggwanga lino likola kumpi kimu kya kusatu ku nsaasaanya y’amagye mu nsi yonna, abantu bangi batwalibwa ng’erina amagye agasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna era nga ye yasooka okukola n’okukozesa ebyokulwanyisa bya nukiriya(nuclear). Nga Mmemba w’ebibiina by’ensi yonna ebingi omuli n’olukiiko lw’amawanga amagatte olw’ebyokwerinda, ekola kinene mu nsonga z’ebyobufuzi, eby’obuwangwa, eby’enfuna, n’eby’amagye mu nsi yonna. == Obuvo bw'erinnya lyalyo == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>Enkozesa y'ekigambo "United States of America" mu biwandiiko eva dda mu 2 Ogwolubereberye, 1776. Ku lunaku olwo, Stephen Moylan, omuyambi w'amagye ga Continental Army eri General [[George Washington]], yawandiika ebbaluwa eri Joseph Reed, eyali omuwandiisi wa Washington ow'ekyama, ng'ayagala okugenda "n'obuyinza obujjuvu era obumala okuva mu Amerika okutuuka e Spain" okunoonya obuyambi mu kaweefube w'olutalo lw'enkyukakyuka . <ref name="DeLear-20132">{{cite news|last=DeLear|first=Byron|date=July 4, 2013|title=Who coined 'United States of America'? Mystery might have intriguing answer|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2013/0704/Who-coined-United-States-of-America-Mystery-might-have-intriguing-answer|work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{cite web |last=Fay |first=John |date=July 15, 2016 |title=The forgotten Irishman who named the 'United States of America' |url=https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/The-forgotten-Irishman-who-named-the-United-States-of-America.html |work=[[IrishCentral]]}}</ref>​​''​'' Okukozesebwa kwabyo mu bantu okwasooka kwafulumira mu kiwandiiko ekyafulumizibwa mu lupapula lw'amawulire ga [[Williamsburg]] olwa ''[[The Virginia Gazette]]'' nga 6 Ogwokuna 1776.<ref name="DeLear-20132" /> Ekiseera ekimu nga 11 oba oluvannyuma lwawo Ogwomukaaga 1776,[[Thomas Jefferson]] yawandiika ekigambo "United States of America" mu kiwanddiiko kyeyali atereeza mu kulaangirira obwetwaze,​<ref name="DeLear-20132" />​ era nga kyatwalibwa aba [[Second Continental Congress]] nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, 1776. <ref name="Davis72">[[:en:United_States#Davis96|Davis 1996]], p. 7.</ref> Ekigambo "United States" n'ennyiriri zaakyo ezisookerwako "US", ezikozesebwa ng'amannya oba ng'ebigambo ebiraga ebigambo mu Lungereza, mannya mampi aga bulijjo ag'eggwanga. Ennyiriri ezisookerwako "USA", erinnya, nazo za bulijjo.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Is USA A Noun Or Adjective? |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920175638/https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |access-date=July 3, 2025 |website=Dictionary.com}}</ref> "Amerika" ne "US" bye bigambo ebiteereddwawo mu gavumenti ya Amerika yonna eya federo, nga biriko amateeka agalagiddwa. [ k ] "Amawanga" ekimpi ekiteereddwawo eky'enjogera y'erinnya, ekikozesebwa naddala okuva ebweru w'eggwanga;<ref name=":2">{{cite web |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Is USA A Noun Or Adjective? |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920175638/https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |access-date=July 3, 2025 |website=Dictionary.com}}</ref> "stateside" kigambo ekikwatagana.<ref name=":3">{{Cite dictionary|date=September 27, 2024|title=Stateside|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stateside|access-date=October 4, 2024|dictionary=[[Merriam-Webster]]}}</ref> "America" ye engeri y'ekikazi ey'okuyita ey'erinnya erisooka erya {{Lang|la|Americus Vesputius}}, erinnya ery’Olulattini ery’omuvumbuzi Omuyitale Amerigo Vespucci (1454–1512); [ l ] yasooka kukozesebwa ng’erinnya ly’ekifo abakugu mu kukola maapu Abagirimaani Martin Waldseemüller ne Matthias Ringmann mu 1507.<ref name=":8">{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/626894/Amerigo-Vespucci|title=Amerigo Vespucci|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=July 7, 2011|archive-date=July 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710004308/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/626894/Amerigo-Vespucci|url-status=live}}</ref>[ m ] Vespucci yaleeta ekiteeso nti West Indies ezazuulibwa Christopher Columbus mu 1492 zaali kitundu kya ttaka eritamanyiddwa edda so si mu Indies ku nsalo y’ebuvanjuba bwa Asia.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Szalay |first1=Jessie |date=September 20, 2017 |title=Amerigo Vespucci: Facts, Biography & Naming of America |url=https://www.livescience.com/42510-amerigo-vespucci.html |access-date=June 23, 2019 |publisher=[[Live Science]]}}</ref><ref name="locnamingofamerica">{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=Erin |date=July 4, 2016 |title=How Did America Get Its Name? |url=https://blogs.loc.gov/loc/2016/07/how-did-america-get-its-name/#:~:text=America%20is%20named%20after%20Amerigo,part%20of%20a%20separate%20continent |access-date=September 3, 2020 |website=Library of Congress Blog}}</ref> Mu Lungereza, ekigambo "America" (ekikozesebwa nga tekirina qualifier) tekitera kwogera ku miramwa egitakwatagana na Amerika. " America " kye kigambo eky'awamu okutegeeza omugatte gwa ssemazinga za [[North America|North]] ne [[South America]]. == Ebyafaayo byalyo == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Abantu baamu bannansangwa ===   [[File:Extreme_Makeover,_Mesa_Verde_Edition_-_panoramio.jpg|right|thumb|Cliff Palace, ekifo eky’okusenga kwa bajjajja b’abantu b’omu Amerika enzaalwa z’e Pueblo mu Montezuma County, Colorado, ekyazimbibwa wakati wa c. 1200 ne 1275 ]] Abatuuze abaasooka mu Bukiikakkono bwa America baasenguka okuva e Siberia emyaka nga 15,000 egiyise, nga basomoka olutindo lw’oku ttaka olwa Bering oba ku lubalama lw’ennyanja kati olwabbira mu bbalaafu. Obuwangwa bwa Clovis, obwalabika nga 11,000 BCE mu Bukiikakkono bwa America, kirowoozebwa nti bwe buwangwa obwasooka okusaasaana mu Amerika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera, obuwangwa bw'Abantu enzaalwa z'omu Bukiikakkono bwa America bweyongera okubeera obw'omulembe, era obumu, gamba ng'obuwangwa bwa Mississippi, bwakulaakulanya ebyobulimi, pulaani z'ebizimbe, n'ebitundu ebizibu. Mu kiseera eky'oluvannyuma lw'edda, obuwangwa bwa Mississippian bwali mu bitundu by'amasekkati g'obugwanjuba, ebuvanjuba, n'obukiikaddyo, n'aba Algonquian mu kitundu ky'ennyanja Ennene ne ku lubalama lwa Eastern Seaboard, ate obuwangwa bwa Hohokam ne bannannsangwa aba Puebloan baali babeera mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwajuba Okubalirira kw’omuwendo gw’abantu enzaalwa mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Amerika nga abafuzi b’amatwale Abazungu tebannatuuka kuva ku bantu nga 500,000 okutuuka kumpi obukadde 10. === Okunoonyereza kw’Abazungu, okufugibwa ab'amatwale n’okulwanagana kwabwe (1513 &#x2013; 1765) === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> [[File:Nouvelle-France_map-en.svg|left|thumb|Ebitundu ebyatwalibwa ab’amatwale ga Bungereza (Amatwale Ekkumi n’Asatu mu langi ya pinki n’amalala mu langi ya kakobe), Bufalansa (mu bbulu), ne [[Spain]] (mu langi ya kacungwa) mu Bukiikakkono bwa America, 1750]] Christopher Columbus yatandika okunoonyereza ku Caribbean ku lwa Spain mu 1492, ekyaviirako abantu aboogera Olu Spanish okusenga n’obuminsani okuva mu bitundu kati ebiyitibwa Puerto Rico ne Florida okutuuka e New Mexico ne California. Ettundutundu lya Spain eryasooka mu ssemazinga wa Amerika leero lyali Spanish Florida, eryatwalibwa mu 1513.<ref>{{cite book |author=Florida Center for Instructional Technology |date=2002 |title=A Short History of Florida |url=https://fcit.usf.edu/florida/lessons/menendz/menendz1.htm |publisher=University of South Florida |chapter=Pedro Menendez de Aviles Claims Florida for Spain}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okulemererwa okusenga okuwerako eyo olw'enjala n'endwadde, ekibuga kya Spain ekyasooka eky'enkalakkalira kyali kya, Saint Augustine, kyatandikibwawo mu 1565.<ref>{{cite web |date=February 28, 2015 |title=Not So Fast, Jamestown: St. Augustine Was Here First |url=https://www.npr.org/2015/02/28/389682893/not-so-fast-jamestown-st-augustine-was-here-first |access-date=March 5, 2021 |publisher=NPR |language=en}}</ref> Bufalansa yatandikawo ebifo byayo eby’okubeeramu mu Florida ya Bufalansa mu 1562, naye byasuulibwa (Charlesfort, 1578) oba byasaanawo olw’ebikwekweto by’Abaspanish ( Fort Caroline, 1565). Ebifo eby’enkalakkalira eby’Abafaransa byatandikibwawo oluvannyuma ennyo ku mabbali g’ennyanja Ennene ( Fort Detroit, 1701), omugga Mississippi ( [[Saint Louis City, Missouri|St. Louis]], 1764) n’okusingira ddala Gulf of Mexico ( New Orleans, 1718). Amatwale ga Bulaaya agaasooka era mwalimu ettundutundu lya Budaaki eryali likulaakulana erya New Nederland (eryasengebwamu mu 1626, nga leero ye New York) n’ettwale ettono erya Sweden erya New Sweden (eryasenga mu 1638 mu kitundu ekyafuuka Delaware). Okufuga kwa Bungereza ku lubalama lw’ebugwanjuba kwatandika n’ettwale lya Virginia (1607) ne ttwale lya Plymouth (Massachusetts, 1620). <ref>{{Harvnb|Bellah|Madsen|Sullivan|Swidler|Tipton|1985|p=220}}</ref> Endagaano ya Mayflower mu Massachusetts ne Fundamental Orders of Connecticut zassaawo entandikwa y’okukiikirirwa kw’abakiise b’ebitundu n’enkola ya ssemateeka eyandikulaakulanye mu matwale ga Amerika gonna. Abazungu abasenze mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Amerika baafuya obutakkaanya n’Abamerika bannansangwa, era beenyigira mu by’obusuubuzi, nga bawanyisiganya ebikozesebwa by’Abazungu n’emmere n’amaliba g’ebisolo. [ n ] Enkolagana yava ku nkolagana ey’oku lusegere okutuuka ku ntalo n’ettemu. Abafuzi b’amatwale baatera okugoberera enkola ezaawaliriza Abazaale b’omu Amerika okuyiga obulamu bw’Abazungu, nga mw’otwalidde n’okukyuka ne bafuuka Abakulisitu. Ku lubalama lw'ennyanja olw'ebuvanjuba, abasenze baakukusanga Abafirika nga bayita mu kusuubula abaddu mu Atlantic, okusinga okukola emirimu egy'amaanyi ku nnimiro ennene. Amatwale Ekkuminaasatu agaasooka [ o ] oluvannyuma agaali gagenda okukola Amerika gaali gafugibwa wansi w'obuyinza bw'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza nga bufugibwa ba gavana abaalondebwa Kabaka, newankubadde nga gavumenti z'ebitundu zaakola okulonda okuggule eri bannannyini bintu abasajja abazungu abasinga obungi. Omuwendo gw’abantu abafuzi b’amatwale gwakula mangu okuva e Maine okutuuka e Georgia, ne gusaanikira omuwendo gw’abantu enzaalwa z’omu Amerika; mu myaka gya 1770, okweyongera kw’abantu mu kuzaala kwali kwa maanyi nnyo nga n’Abamerika abatonotono bokka be baali bazaalibwa emitala w’amayanja. Obuwanvu bw'olugendo bw'ettwale lino okuva ku Bungereza bwayanguyiza okusimba emirandira mu kwefuga, era embeera eyatuumibwa the [[First Great Awakening]], nga eno yalimu abaali bawakanya Onbukulisitu, kwayongera amaanyi mu kwagala eddembe okw’amatwale erikakasibwa. === Enkyukakyuka ya Amerika ne republic eyasooka (1765 &#x2013; 1800) . ===   [[File:Declaration_independence.jpg|alt=See caption.|thumb|Ekifaananyi ''ky’Okulangirira kw’Obwetwaze'' kiraga Akakiiko k’Abataano nga kayanjula Ekirangiriro ekyo mu lukiiko lwa Continental Congress nga 28 Ogwomukaaga, 1776, mu Philadelphia .]] Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwayo mu lutalo lwa Bufalansa ne Buyindi, Bungereza yatandika okukakasa nti yali efuga nnyo ensonga z’ekitundu mu Matwale Ekkumi n’Asatu, ekyavaamu okuziyiza okw’ebyobufuzi okweyongera . Ekimu ku byali bisinga okusoomooza abafuzi b'amatwale kwe kugaana eddembe lyabwe ng'Abangereza naddala eddembe ly'okukiikirira mu gavumenti ya Bungereza eyabasolooza omusolo. Okulaga obutali bumativu bwabwe n'obumalirivu bwabwe, First Continental Congress yatuula mu 1774 era n'eyisa Continental Association, okugoba ebintu by'Abangereza mu matwale okwassibwa mu nkola "obukiiko bw'obukuumi " obw'omu kitundu ekyalaga nti kikola bulungi. Olwo okugezaako kw'Abangereza okuggyako abafuzi b'amatwale ebyokulwanyisa kwavaamu entalo z'e Lexington ne Concord mu 1775, ne zikuma omuliro mu lutalo lw'Amerika olw'enkyukakyuka . Mu lukiiko lwa Continental Congress olwokubiri, amatwale gaalonda George Washington omuduumizi w'amagye ga Continental, era ne gakola akakiiko akaatuuma Thomas Jefferson erinnya okuwandiika ekiwandiiko ekirangirira obwetwaze . Nga wayise ennaku bbiri nga Second Continental Congress eyisizza ekiteeso kya Lee okutondawo eggwanga eryetongodde, ery’obwetwaze, Ekirangiriro kyayisibwa nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, 1776. Empisa z’ebyobufuzi ez’enkyukakyuka ya Amerika zaava ku bujeemu obw’emmundu obwali busaba ennongoosereza munda mu bwakabaka okutuuka ku nkyukakyuka eyatondawo enkola empya ey’embeera z’abantu n’okufuga eyassibwa ku kulwanirira eddembe n’okukuuma eddembe ly'obutonde eritaggyibwako ; obwenkanya wansi w'amateeka ; obufuzi bw'abantu ; <ref>Yick Wo vs. Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356, 370</ref> repubulika ku bwakabaka, abakulu, n'obuyinza obulala obw'ebyobufuzi obw'obusika; empisa ennungi ez'obwannakyewa ; n'obutagumiikiriza nguzi mu by'obufuzi. Abatandisi ba Amerika, nga muno mwe mwali Washington, Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, James Madison, Thomas Paine, n'abalala bangi, baali baasikirizibwa endowooza eri Classical , eya [[Renaissance]] ne Enlightement eddiini n'eby'okutegeera.<ref>Becker et al (2002), ch 1</ref><ref name="SEoP-2006">{{cite web |date=June 19, 2006 |title=Republicanism |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/republicanism/ |access-date=September 20, 2022 |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy}}</ref> Wadde nga mu nkola okuva lwe zaawandiikibwa mu 1777, Ennyingo z’Omukago zakakasibwa mu 1781 era ne zitandikawo mu butongole gavumenti eyasaasaanyizibwa eyakola okutuusa mu 1789. Oluvannyuma lw’Abangereza okuwanika mu kuzingiza Yorktown mu 1781, obufuzi bwa Amerika bwakkirizibwa mu nsi yonna mu ndagaano ya Paris (1783), Amerika mwe yayita okugaziya ekitundu kyayo okudda mu bugwanjuba okudda ku Mugga Mississippi, ne mu bukiikakkono okutuuka mu Canada nga leero bweyitibwa, n’obukiikaddyo okutuuka mu Spanish Florida.<ref>{{cite web |editor-last=Miller |editor-first=Hunter |title=British-American Diplomacy: The Paris Peace Treaty of September 30, 1783 |url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/paris.asp |publisher=The Avalon Project at Yale Law School}}</ref> Etteeka ly’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba (1787) lyassaawo enkola ekitundu ky’eggwanga mwe kyandigaziyiziddwa nga kiyingiziddwamu amawanga amapya, okusinga okugaziya amawanga agaaliwo. Ssemateeka wa Amerika yakolebwa mu lukiiko lwa Ssemateeka olwatuula mu 1787 okuvvuunuka obukwakkulizo obumu obulliu Nnyingo. Yatandika okukola mu 1789, n’etondawo gavumenti eya federo eyafugibwa amatabi asatu ag’enjawulo nga gonna awamu gakola enkola y’okutereezaokutebenkeza. George Washington yalondebwa okuba pulezidenti w'eggwanga eyasooka wansi wa Ssemateeka, era ebbago ly'eddembe (embeera eyalimu omugatte gw'ennongoosereza ekkumi mu Ssemateeka) ly'ayisibwa mu 1791 okukkakkanya okweraliikirira kw'abaali babuusabuusa obuyinza bwa gavumenti obwali obungi ennyo. Okulekulira kwa Washington ku bw'Omuduumizi omukulu oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'enkyukakyuka n'oluvannyuma lw'okugaana okwesimbawo ku kisanja eky'okusatu nga pulezidenti w'eggwanga eyasooka kyassaawo entandikwa y'obukulu bw'obuyinza bw'obwannakyewa mu Amerika n'okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe. <ref name="BoyerJr.20072">[[:en:United_States#Boyer|Boyer, 2007]], pp. 192–193</ref> === Okugaziwa okudda mu Bugwanjuba n’olutalo lw’omunda (1800 &#x2013; 1865) . === [[File:U.S._Territorial_Acquisitions.png|alt=Historical territorial expansion of the United States|thumb|Okugaziya ebitundu bya Amerika]] Ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’e 18, abasenze mu Amerika baatandika okugaziwa nga bagenda mu bugwanjuba mu bungi, era bangi baali bawulira nti baali balagiddwa entuuko yaabwe. Okuggyibwa kwa Louisiana okwa 1803 okuva mu Bufalansa kumpi kwakubisaamu emirundi ebiri ettaka lya Amerika. <ref>{{cite web |title=Louisiana Purchase |url=https://www.nps.gov/jeff/historyculture/upload/louisiana_purchase.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329214632/https://www.nps.gov/jeff/learn/historyculture/upload/louisiana_purchase.pdf |archive-date=March 29, 2015 |access-date=March 1, 2011 |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harriss |first=Joseph A. |title=How the Louisiana Purchase Changed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the-louisiana-purchase-changed-the-world-79715124/ |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref> Ensonga ezaali zisigaddewo ne Bungereza zaasigalawo, ekyavaako olutalo lwa 1812, olwalwanibwa okutuuka ku maliri. Spain yawaayo Florida n'ettaka lyayo erya Gulf Coast mu 1819. Endagaano ya Missouri eya 1820, eyakkiriza Missouri ng’eggwanga ly’abaddu ate Maine ng’eggwanga ery’eddembe, yagezaako okutebenkeza okwagala kw’amasaza g’obukiikakkono okulemesa okugaziwa kw’obuddu mu bitundu ebipya n’obw’amasaza g’obugwanjuba okubugaziya eyo. Okusinga, okukkaanya kwawera obuddu mu nsi endala zonna eza Louisiana Purchase mu bukiikakkono bwa 36°30′ parallel. Abamerika bwe beeyongera okugaziwa mu bitundu omwali Abamerika Abazaaliranwa, gavumenti eya federo yassa mu nkola enkola z’okuggyawo oba okuyingiza Abayindi mu nsi. Etteeka eryasinga obukulu mwekyo lyali tteeka ely'okuggyawo Abayindi erya 1830, enkola enkulu eya Pulezidenti Andrew Jackson . Kyavaamu Trail of Tears oba olugendo lw'amaziga (1830–1850), nga mu kino bannansangwa ab’omu Amerika ababalirirwamu 60,000 abaali babeera ebuvanjuba bw’omugga Mississippi baggyibwawo mu ngeri ey’amaanyi ne basengulwa ne batwalibwa mu nsi eziri ewala ennyo mu bugwanjuba, ekyaviirako abantu 13,200 ku 16,700 okufa mu kugobwa okwo okwali okukake. Okugaziwa kw’abasenze awamu n’okugobwa kuno okw’Abantu enzaalwa okuva mu Buvanjuba kwavaamu Entalo z’Abayindi n'ab’Amerika mu bugwanjuba bwa Mississippi. Mu kiseera ky’amatwale, obuddu bwakkirizibwa mu mateeka mu matwale gonna Ekkumi n’esatu, era mu mwaka gwa 1770 bwe bwali businga okuvaamu abakozi mu kisaawe ky'ebyobulimi ekyali ekigazi, kisaawe ky'ebyobulimi ekyali ekigazimu by’enfuna mu bitundu gye baali beesigama ennyo ku by'obulimi mu,matwale g'omu Bukiikaddyo okuva e Maryland okutuuka e Georgia. Enkola eno yatandika okubuusibwabuusibwa ennyo mu kiseera ky’Enkyukakyuka ya Amerika, [ 92 ] era nga kiwumuddwamu omutwe ekibiina ekikola ennyo okuggyawo obuddu ekyali kizzeemu okuvaayo mu myaka gya 1830, amawanga mu Bukiikakkono gaateekao amateeka agawera obuddu mu nsalo zaago. Mu kiseera ekyo, Okuwangira obuddu kwali kusaasaanidde ekitundu ekigazi mu bitundu by'obukiikaddyo,olw'ensonga nti waaliwo okussa ssente mu kulima ppamba (1793)​ ekyaleetera obuddu okuba nga bufuna nnyo amagoba eri abayivu b'omu bukiikaddyo. Amerika yawamba Republic of Texas mu 1845, era endagaano ya Oregon eya 1846 yaviirako Amerika okufuga ekitundu kya Amerika eky’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba obw’ensangi zino. Enkaayana ne Mexico ku Texas zaavaako olutalo lwa Mexico ne Amerika (1846 &#x2013; 1848). Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwa Amerika, Mexico yakkiriza obufuzi bwa Amerika mu Texas, New Mexico, ne California mu ndagaano ya Mexico; ettaka ly’okuweebwayo mu ndagaano eyo mwalimu n’amasaza ag’omu maaso aga Nevada, Colorado ne Utah . Okunoonya zaabu mu California okwaliwo mu 1848–1849 kwaleetera abazungu okusenguka ennyo okugenda ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Pacific, ekyavaako n’okulwanagana okusingawo n’abantu Abazaaliranwa. Ekimu ku bittabantu ebyasinga okuba ebibi mu California nga kyafiiramu nkumi n’ankumi ez’abatuuze Abazaaliranwa, kyatambula okutuuksa mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1870. Ebitundu ebirala eby’obugwanjuba. [[File:US_SlaveFree1858.gif|left|thumb|Amawanga g’abaddu n’amawanga ag’eddembe mu 1858]] Mu myaka gya 1850 gyonna, enkaayana z’ebitundu ezikwata ku buddu zaayongera okukuma omuliro mu mateeka g’eggwanga mu lukiiko lwa Amerika olwa Congress n’okusalawo kwa Kkooti Enkulu. Mu Congress, etteeka erikwata ku buddu erya Fugitive Slave Act erya 1850 lyalagira abantu abaali baddukira mu masaza agataalina baddu mu Bukiikakkono okuddizibwa mu ngeri ey’amaanyi eri bakama baabwe, ate etteeka lya Kansas–Nebraska erya 1854 lyaggyawo ebisaanyizo eby’okulwanyisa obuddu eby’endagaano ya Missouri. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 12, 2021 |title=Milestone documents: Kansas&ndash;Missouri Act (1854) |url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/kansas-nebraska-act |access-date=January 5, 2025 |agency=National Archives (Washington, D.C.)}}</ref> Mu kusalawo kwayo okwa Dred Scott okwa 1857, Kkooti Enkulu yasalawo nga ewakanya omuntu omuddu okuleetebwa mu kitundu ekitaalimu baddu, mu kiseera kye kimu n’elangirira nti Endagaano ya Missouri yonna tekwatagana na ssemateeka. Ebintu bino n’ebirala byayongera okusika omuguwa wakati w’obukiikakkono n’obukiikaddyo okwandivuddemu olutalo lw’omunda mu Amerika (1861–1865). Okutandika ne South Carolina, gavumenti 11 ez’amasaza agaalimu abaddu zaakuba akalulu okwekutula ku Amerika mu 1861, ne geegatta okutondawo omukago gwa Confederate States of America . Gavumenti z'amasaza endala zonna zaasigala nga nneesigwa eri Omukago guno.[ p ] Olutalo lwabalukawo mu Ogwokuna, 1861 oluvannyuma lw'Omukago okukuba bbomu mu Fort Sumter. Oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira eddembe nga 1 Ogwolubereberye, 1863, abaddu bangi abaali bateereddwa beegatta ku ggye ly'Obwegassi. <ref>{{cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=The Fight for Equal Rights: Black Soldiers in the Civil War |url=https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/blacks-civil-war/ |work=[[National Archives and Records Administration|U.S. National Archives and Records Administration]] |quote=By the end of the Civil War, roughly 179,000 black men (10% of the Union army) served as soldiers in the U.S. Army and another 19,000 served in the Navy.}}</ref> Olutalo lwatandika okukyukira ku ludda lw'Obwegassi oluvannyuma lw'okuzingiza Vicksburg mu 1863, n'olutalo lwa Gettysburg, era ab'Omukago beewaayo mu 1865 oluvannyuma lw'obuwanguzi bw'Obwegassi mu lutalo lw'e Appomattox Court House.<ref>Davis, Jefferson. </ref> === Okuddamu okuzimba, omulembe gwa zaabu, n’omulembe ogw’okukulaakulana (1866 &#x2013; 1917) === [[File:Emigrants_(i.e._immigrants)_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm|thumb|Firimu ya Edison Studios eraga abagwiira nga batuuka ku kizinga Ellis mu mwalo gw'e New York, ekifo ekikulu abasenguka Abazungu we baayingiranga ku nkomerero y'ekyasa eky'ekkumi n'omwenda n'okutandika kw'ekyasa eky'amakumi abiri <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 4, 2020 |title=Overview + History {{!}} Ellis Island |url=https://www.statueofliberty.org/ellis-island/overview-history/ |access-date=September 10, 2021 |website=Statue of Liberty & Ellis Island}}</ref>]] Kaweefube w’okuddamu okuzimba mu Obukiikaddyo obwali bwekutuddeko yali atandise mu 1862, naye oluvannyuma lwa Pulezidenti Lincoln okuttibwa, ennongoosereza essatu ez’okuddamu okuzimba mu Ssemateeka zakakasibwa okukuuma eddembe ly’obuntu. Ennongoosereza zino zaateeka mu mateeka mu ggwanga lyonna okuggyibwawo kw'obuddu obutali bwa kyeyagalire okuggyako ng’ekibonerezo, ne zisuubiza obukuumi obwenkanankana mu mateeka eri abantu bonna, era ne ziwera okusosola olw’amawanga oba okufuuka abaddu emabegako. <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Senate: Landmark Legislation: Thirteenth, Fourteenth, & Fifteenth Amendments |url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/CivilWarAmendments.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230082340/https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/CivilWarAmendments.htm |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=January 3, 2021 |website=www.senate.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |url=https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xv |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230082444/https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xv |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=January 3, 2020 |website=National Constitution Center – The 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |language=en}}</ref> N’ekyavaamu, Abafirika abaali bafunye obutuuze mu Amerika baatwala omulimu munene mu byobufuzi mu mawanga agaali ga Confederate mu myaka ekkumi egyaddirira olutalo lw’omunda. Amawanga agaali ga Confederate gaddamu okuyingizibwa mu mukago guno, nga gatandika ne Tennessee mu 1866 ne gamaliriza ne Georgia mu 1870.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Glass|first1=Andrew|title=Tenn. is readmitted to the Union July 24, 1866|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2008/07/tenn-is-readmitted-to-the-union-july-24-1866-011990|access-date=May 11, 2021|work=Politico|date=July 24, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Glass|first1=Andrew|title=Georgia is readmitted to Union July 15, 1870|date=July 15, 2014|work=Politico|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2014/07/georgia-civil-war-108886|access-date=April 12, 2025}}</ref> Ebintu ebikozesebwa mu ggwanga, omuli amasimu n’enguudo z'eggaali z’omukka eziyita wonna ku ssemazinga, byaleetawo enkulaakulana mu Amerika. Kino kyayanguwa olw’etteeka lya Homestead Acts, nga kumpi ebitundu 10 ku buli 100 ku ttaka lyonna erya Amerika lyaweebwa ku bwereere eri abatuuze obukadde 1.6 okubeerako. Okuva mu 1865 okutuuka mu 1917, omuwendo omunene ogw’abagwira ogutabangawo gwatuuka mu Amerika, nga kuliko obukadde 24.4 okuva e Bulaaya. Ebisinga byajja nga biyita ku mwalo gw'e New York, ng'ekibuga New York n'ebibuga ebirala ebinene ku lubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba ne bifuuka amaka g'Abayudaaya, Abayindi, n'Abayitale abangi. Abazungu bangi ab'omu Bukiikakkono awamu n'omuwendo omunene ogw'Abagirimaani n'Abazungu abalala ab'omu masekkati baagenda mu Masekkatin g'omu Bugwanjuba. Mu kiseera kye kimu, Abafaransa nga akakadde kamu aba Canada baasenguka okuva e Quebec ne bagenda mu New England . Mu kiseera ky'okusenguka okunene, obukadde n'obukadde bw'Abafirika Abamerika baava mu byalo eby'obukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu bibuga mu Bukiikakkono. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2021 |title=The Great Migration (1910–1970) |url=https://www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/migrations/great-migration |publisher=National Archives}}</ref> [[Alaska yagulibwa]] okuva ku [[Rwasha|Russia]] mu 1867. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Purchase of Alaska, 1867 |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/alaska-purchase |access-date=December 23, 2014 |website=Office of the Historian |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> [[Okutwalira awamu endagaano ya 1877]] etwalibwa ng’enkomerero y’omulembe gw’okuzimba, kubanga yagonjoola ekizibu ky’okulonda oluvannyuma [[lw’okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 1876]] era n’eviirako Pulezidenti [[Rutherford B. Hayes]] okukendeeza ku mulimu gw’amagye ga federo mu Bugwanjuba. Amangu ago, [[Abanunuzi]] [[baatandika]] okugoba bali [[Abagwira abajja okutwala obuyinza]] ku mpaka era mangu ne baddamu okutwala obuyinza mu kitundu ku byobufuzi by'obukiikaddyo mu linnya [[ly'obukulu bw'abazungu]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Drew Gilpin Faust |author-link=Drew Gilpin Faust |last2=Eric Foner |author-link2=Eric Foner |last3=Clarence E. Walker |author-link3=Clarence E. Walker |title=White Southern Responses to Black Emancipation |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/reconstruction-white-southern-responses-black-emancipation/ |website=[[American Experience]]}}</ref> Abafirika abaali baafuuse abatuuze mu Amerika baagumira ekiseera eky’obusosoze mu mawanga obw’amaanyi, obw’olwatu oluvannyuma lw’Okuzimba Obuggya, ekiseera ekitera okutwalibwa ng’eky’okusosola [[mu mawanga mu Amerika]]. Ensala za Kkooti Enkulu eziddiriŋŋana, omuli ''[[Plessy v. Ferguson]]'', zaggyamu [[ennongoosereza]] [[ey’ekkumi n’ennya]] n’ey’ekkumi n’ettaano mu maanyi gaabwe, ne zikkiriza amateeka ga Jim Crow mu Bukiikaddyo, ebibuga bya [[sundown towns]] mu Masekkati g'Obugwanjuba, n’okwawukana [[mu bitundu okwetoloola eggwanga]], ekyandinywezeddwa ekitundu olw’enkola [[y'okugaana abaddugavu okuwolebwa ssente]] oluvannyuma eyayisibwa federo [[Ekitongole ekiwola ssente za bannannyini mayumba]] . [[Okubalukawo kw’enkulaakulana ya tekinologiya]], nga kuddirirwa okukozesa abakozi abasenge mu ggwanga ab’ebbeeyi entono, kwaleetawo okugaziwa okw’amangu mu by’enfuna mu kiseera kya [[Gilded]] ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’ekkuminoomwenda. Kyagenda mu maaso okutuuka ku ntandikwa y’ekya 20, Amerika bwe yali,emaze okusinga Bungereza, Bufalansa ne Girimaani mu byenfuna byonna awamu. [[Abagagga]] baakulembera eggwanga okugaziya mu makubo [[g’eggaali y’omukka]], [[amafuta]], [[n’ebyuma]], nga Amerika evaayo ng’eyasooka mu [[mulimu gw’okukola emmotoka]].<ref>{{cite web |author1=The Pit Boss |date=February 26, 2021 |title=The Pit Stop: The American Automotive Industry Is Packed With History |url=https://pitstop.rumbleon.com/american-automotive-history |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425053945/https://pitstop.rumbleon.com/american-automotive-history |archive-date=April 25, 2021 |access-date=December 5, 2021 |website=Rumble On}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Maddison |first1=Angus |title=The World Economy: Historical Statistics |url=https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2003/09/the-world-economy_g1gh38a7/9789264104143-en.pdf |access-date=February 16, 2026 |website=OECD}}</ref>[[Robber baron (industrialist)|​]][[Trust (business)|​]][[Monopoly|​]] Kino kyavaamu okweyongera mu maanyi mu by'obufuzi n'eby'enfuna mu abo abaali mu by'amakolero abatono ekyabaviiramu okufuna obwesige n'okuwamba akatale okwewala okubbinkana n'abalala.Enkyukakyuka zino zaavaamu okweyongera okw’amaanyi mu butali bwenkanya mu by’enfuna, embeera z’omugotteko, n’obutabanguko mu bantu, ne kireetawo embeera ennungi ebibiina by’abakozi okukulaakulana era, ku kigero ekitono ennyo, ebibiina by’obweegassi.<ref>Tindall, George Brown and Shi, David E. (2012).</ref>[[Progressive Era|​]] Ekiseera kino kyaggwa oluvannyuma lw'okuja kw'omulembe gw'Enkulaakulana, ogwalimu enkyukakyuka mu by'enfuna, embeera z'abantu, n'amatteeka.<ref name="Aldrich2">Aldrich, Mark.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Progressive Era to New Era, 1900-1929 {{!}} U.S. History Primary Source Timeline {{!}} Classroom Materials at the Library of Congress {{!}} Library of Congress |url=https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/united-states-history-primary-source-timeline/progressive-era-to-new-era-1900-1929/overview/ |access-date=November 11, 2023 |website=Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA}}</ref> Abantu abaali bawagira Amerika mu Hawaii basuula obwakabaka bw'omu Hawaii; ebizinga byagattibwa mu 1898. Mu mwaka gwe gumu, [[Puerto Rico]], [[Philippines]], ne [[Guam]] Spain yabiwa Amerika oluvannyuma lw’okuwangulwa Amerika mu [[lutalo lwa Spain ne Amerika]]. (Philippines yaweebwa obwetwaze obujjuvu okuva mu Amerika nga 4, Ogwomusanvu 1946, oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II. Puerto Rico ne Guam byasigala nga nga bitundu bya Amerika).<ref>{{cite web |title=The Spanish–American War, 1898 |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/spanish-american-war |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=Office of the Historian |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> [[American Samoa]] yafunibwa Amerika mu 1900 oluvannyuma [[lw'olutalo olw'okubiri olw'omunda mu Samoa]].<ref>Ryden, George Herbert.</ref> [[Ebizinga bya Virgin ebya Amerika]] byafunibwa okuva ku [[Denimaaka|Denmark]] mu 1917 oluvannyuma lw'abalonzi ba Denmark okukkiriza okugitunda mu [[kalulu ka 1916]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Virgin Islands History |url=https://www.vinow.com/general_usvi/history/ |access-date=January 5, 2018 |publisher=Vinow.com}}</ref> == '''Ssematalo I, Okugwa mu byenfuna okwamaanyi, ne Ssematiro II (1917-1945)''' == Amerika [[American entry into World War I|yayingira Ssematalo I]] ng'eri wamu [[Allies of World War I|n'amawanga ag'omukago]] mu 1917 ng'eyamba okukyusa embeera okulwanyisa [[Central Powers|amawanga ag'omu masekkati]].<ref>McDuffie, Jerome; Piggrem, Gary Wayne; Woodworth, Steven E. (2005).</ref> Mu 1920, [[Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka]] yawa [[Women's suffrage in the United States|abakyala eddembe ly'okulonda]] mu ggwanga lyonna . Mu myaka gya 1920 ne 1930, leediyo [[Mass communication|ey’empuliziganya ey’abantu abangi]] ne ttivvi eyasooka z'akyusa empuliziganya mu ggwanga lyonna. [[Wall Street Crash of 1929|Okugwa kwa Wall Street okwa 1929]] kwali kuleese [[Great Depression in the United States|okusereba kw'eby'enfuna]], Pulezidenti [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] kwe yaddamu n'enteekateeka ya [[New Deal]] eya "ennongoosereza, okudda engulu n'okudduukirira", omuddirirwa gw'enteekateeka [[Alphabet agencies|z'okuzzaawo embeera ezitabangawo]] era ezisukkiridde ne [[Works Progress Administration|pulojekiti z'okudduukirira abantu ku mirimu]] nga zigatta wamu [[Regulatory economics|n'ennongoosereza mu by'ensimbi n'ebiragiro]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!-- Staff writer(s); no by-line. --> |year=2013 |title=Mass Exodus From the Plains |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/surviving-the-dust-bowl-mass-exodus-plains/ |access-date=October 5, 2014 |website=American Experience |publisher=WGBH Educational Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fanslow |first=Robin A. |date=April 6, 1997 |title=The Migrant Experience |url=https://memory.loc.gov/ammem/afctshtml/tsme.html |access-date=October 5, 2014 |website=American Folklore Center |publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref> [[United States non-interventionism before entering World War II|Eyali terina ludda]] mu ntandikwa mu kiseera kya [[Military history of the United States during World War II|Ssematalo II]], Amerika yatandika [[Lend-Lease|okugabira]] [[Allies of World War II|amawanga ag'omukago mu Ssematalo II]] ebikozesebwa mu lutalo mu Gwokusatu 1941 era [[American entry into World War II|n'eyingira olutalo]] mu Gwekkumineebiri oluvannyuma lwa [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] [[Attack on Pearl Harbor|okulumba Pearl Harbor]].<ref name="Pearl Harbor2">{{Cite web |last=Yamasaki |first=Mitch |title=Pearl Harbor and America's Entry into World War II: A Documentary History |url=https://www.hawaiiinternment.org/static/ush_yamasaki_documentary_history.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213122046/https://www.hawaiiinternment.org/static/ush_yamasaki_documentary_history.pdf |archive-date=December 13, 2014 |access-date=January 14, 2015 |publisher=World War II Internment in Hawaii}}</ref> Olw'okukkiriza enkola ya " [[Europe first|Bulaaya yeesooka]] ", Amerika yassa essira ku baali bakolagana ne Japan [[Fascist Italy|Yitale]] ne [[Nazi Germany|Girimaani]] mu kiseera ky'olutalo okutuusa lwe baabawangula mu Gwokutaano 1945. Amerika [[Manhattan Project|yakola ebyokulwanyisa bya nukiriya ebyasooka]] [[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|n'abikozesa okulwanyisa ebibuga bya Japan ebya Hiroshima ne Nagasaki]] mu Gwomunaana 1945, era n'amaliriza olutalo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Why did Japan surrender in World War II?|language=en|newspaper=The Japan Times|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2016/08/06/commentary/japan-surrender-world-war-ii/|access-date=February 8, 2017|last=Kingston|first=Jeff|date=August 6, 2016}}</ref><ref>Pacific War Research Society (2006).</ref> Amerika yali emu ku " [[Four Policemen|Abapoliisi Abana]] " abaasisinkana okuteekateeka [[Aftermath of World War II|ensi ey'oluvannyuma lw'olutalo]], nga baali wamu ne [[Bungereza]], [[Soviet Union]] ne [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]]. Amerika yavaayo nga tefunye buzibu bwonna mu lutalo, ng'erina [[Economic power|amaanyi amangi ennyo mu by'enfuna]] n'obuyinza [[Sphere of influence|bw'ebyobufuzi mu nsi yonna]].<ref>Kennedy, Paul (1989).</ref> == Ssematalo ow’endowooza n’enkyukakyuka mu mbeera z’abantu (1945 &#x2013; 1991) . == [[Ssematalo II]] bwe yaggwa mu 1945 yaleka Amerika ne [[Soviet Union]] nga ge [[amawanga amanene]], nga buli limu lirina [[obuyinza]] bwalyo mu by’obufuzi, eby’amagye, ne mu by’enfuna. Okusika omuguwa mu byobufuzi wakati w'amawanga gombi amanene mu bbanga ttono kwavaako [[Ssematalo ow'endowooza]].<ref name="Blakemore-20192">{{cite web |last=Blakemore |first=Erin |date=March 22, 2019 |title=What was the Cold War? |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401192349/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/ |archive-date=April 1, 2019 |access-date=August 28, 2020 |website=National Geographic |language=en}}</ref><ref>Mark Kramer, "The Soviet Bloc and the Cold War in Europe," in {{Cite book |year=2014 |title=A Companion to Europe Since 1945 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EyNcCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT174 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-118-89024-0 |editor-last=Larresm |editor-first=Klaus |page=79}}</ref> Amerika yassa mu nkola enkola y’okuziyiza [[abantu]] egenderera okukomya ekitundu kya Soviet Union; yeenyigira mu [[nkyukakyuka mu nfuga okulwanyisa gavumenti ezilowoozebwa nti zikwatagana n'Abasoviyeti]]; era n’awangula mu mpaka z’omu bbanga, ezaatuuka ku ntikko [[n’okukka ku Mwezi okwasooka okw’abakozi]] mu 1969. Munda mu eggwanga, ly'Amerika ly[[Post–World War II economic expansion|afuna enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna]], [[Urbanization in the United States|okugenda mu bibuga]], n’okukula [[Mid-20th century baby boom|kw’abantu oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II]]. [[Civil rights movement|Ekibiina ky’eddembe ly’obuntu]] kyavaayo, nga [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] afuuka omukulembeze omututumufu ku ntandikwa y’emyaka gya 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Civil Rights Movement |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/eyesontheprize-milestones-civil-rights-movement/ |access-date=January 5, 2019 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Enteekateeka [[Great Society|y'ekibiina ekinene]] eky'obufuzi ku bwa Pulezidenti bwa [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] yavaamu amateeka, enkola n'okukyusa [[Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution|mu ssemateeka]] okumenyawo n'okugaziya okulwanyisa ebimu ku bisinga obubi ebyava mu [[Institutional racism|kusosola mu mawanga okw'ebitongole]] okwaliwo. [[Ekibiina ekyali kikontana n’obuwangwa]] mu Amerika kyaleeta enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu mbeera z’abantu, omuli n’okuteekawo eddembe mu [[kukozesa ebiragalalagala mu kwesanyusaamu]] [[n’okwegatta]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 25, 2022 |title=Playboy: American Magazine |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Playboy |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |quote=...the so-called sexual revolution in the United States in the 1960s, marked by greatly more permissive attitudes toward sexual interest and activity than had been prevalent in earlier generations.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Svetlana Ter-Grigoryan |date=February 12, 2022 |title=The Sexual Revolution Origins and Impact |url=https://study.com/learn/lesson/sexual-liberation-movement-origin-timeline-impact-revolution.html |access-date=April 27, 2023 |website=study.com}}</ref> Era yakubiriza abantu okujeemera okuyingira amagye (okutuusa ku nkomerero y'okuyingira amagye mu 1973).<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=Selective Service Records |url=https://www.archives.gov/st-louis/selective-service |access-date=June 15, 2025 |website=National Archives |language=en}}</ref> n'[[okuwakanya okw'amaanyi]] ekya Amerika okuyingira mu Vietnam, nga Amerika evaayo mu 1975.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Levy|first=Daniel|date=January 19, 2018|title=Behind the Protests Against the Vietnam War in 1968|url=https://time.com/5106608/protest-1968/?amp=true|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=May 5, 2021|archive-date=October 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211014120640/https://time.com/5106608/protest-1968/?amp=true|url-status=dead}}</ref>Enkyukakyuka mu mirimu gy'abakyala ye yaviirako okweyongera kw'abakazi abakola emirimu egisasulwa okuva mu myaka gya 1970 era mu 1985 abakyala b'omu Amerika abasinga obungi ab'emyaka 16 n'okusingawo baatandika okukola.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2013 |title=Women in the Labor Force: A Databook |url=https://www.bls.gov/cps/wlf-databook-2012.pdf |access-date=March 21, 2014 |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |page=11}}</ref> Okugwa kw’Obukomunisiti n’okusasika kwa [[Soviet Union]] okuva mu 1989 okutuuka mu 1991 kwalaga nti [[Ssematalo ow’endowooza]] yaggwaawo era n’aleka Amerika ng’eggwanga lyokka ery’amaanyi ennyo mu nsi yonna. <ref>{{Harvnb|Gaĭdar|2007|p=102}}; {{Harvnb|Howell|2006|p=352}}; {{Harvnb|Kissinger|2011|pp=781–884}}; {{Harvnb|Mann|2009|p=432}}{{Harvnb|Hayes|2009}}</ref> Kino kyanyweza obuyinza bwa Amerika mu nsi yonna, ne kinyweza endowooza ya " [[American Century]] " nga Amerika efuga ensonga z'ensi yonna ez'ebyobufuzi, eby'obuwangwa, eby'enfuna, n'eby'amagye. <ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Frum|first=David|date=December 24, 2014|title=The Real Story of How America Became an Economic Superpower|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/12/the-real-story-of-how-america-became-an-economic-superpower/384034/|access-date=December 10, 2024|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.politifact.com/texas/statements/2014/jun/13/ken-paxton/us-army-was-smaller-army-portugal-world-war-ii/|title=U.S. army was smaller than the army for Portugal before World War II|work=Politifact|access-date=January 23, 2018|archive-date=December 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209073422/https://www.politifact.com/texas/statements/2014/jun/13/ken-paxton/us-army-was-smaller-army-portugal-world-war-ii/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Omulembe gwa kati (1991 &#x2013; kati) == Emyaka gya 1990 gyalimu [[1990s United States boom|okugaziwa kw'ebyenfuna okusinga obugazi mu byafaayo bya Amerika]], [[Crime in the United States#Crime over time|okukendeera okw'amaanyi mu miwendo gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka mu Amerika]], n'okukulaakulana [[Technological and industrial history of the United States#Computers and information networks|mu tekinologiya]]. Mu myaka gino gyonna ekkumi, obuyiiya bwa tekinologiya nga [[World Wide Web]], enkulaakulana ya [[Pentium (original)|Pentium]] microprocessor okusinziira ku [[Moore's law|tteeka lya Moore]], bbaatule za [[:en:Lithium-ion_battery|lithium-ion batteries]] nga zino zaakolebwa okugezesa [[:en:Gene_therapy|gene therapy]] okwasooka n'[[Gene therapy|okukola ebintu oba cloning]], kwakolebwanga mu Amerika oba byalongoosebwayo. Mu myaka gya 1990, [[Human Genome Project|pulojekiti ya Human Genome Project]] yatongozebwa, ate [[Nasdaq]] n’efuuka akatale k’emigabo akaasooka mu Amerika okusuubula ku mitimbagano.<ref>{{Cite web |last=((CFI Team)) |title=NASDAQ |url=https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/nasdaq/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211163114/https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/nasdaq/ |archive-date=December 11, 2023 |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=[[Corporate Finance Institute]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu [[Gulf War|lutalo lwa Gulf]] mu 1991, [[Coalition of the Gulf War|omukago gw'amawanga ogw'ensi yonna ogwakulemberwa Amerika]] gwagoba eggye [[Ba'athist Iraq|lya Iraq]] eryali liwambye [[Kuwait]] ku muliraano. [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|Ennumba za 11 Ogwomwenda]] 2001 obwakolebwa ku Amerika nga bwakolebwa ekibiina [[Pan-Islamism|ky'abatujju ekya]] [[War on terror|al]] [[Iraq War|-]] [[Al-Qaeda|Qaeda]]. <ref>{{cite news|author=Walsh, Kenneth T.|date=December 9, 2008|title=The 'War on Terror' Is Critical to President George W. Bush's Legacy|newspaper=U.S. News & World Report|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2008/12/09/the-war-on-terror-is-critical-to-president-george-w-bushs-legacy|access-date=March 6, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Wong|first=Edward|date=February 15, 2008|title=Overview: The Iraq War|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/ref/timestopics/topics_iraq.html|access-date=March 7, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Johnson |first=James Turner |year=2005 |title=The War to Oust Saddam Hussein: Just War and the New Face of Conflict |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SF7U27JsLC4C&q=iraq+invasion+removes+hussein |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978-0-7425-4956-2 |page=159 |access-date=October 25, 2015}}</ref> [[2000s United States housing bubble|Ekizibu ky’amayumba mu Amerika]] kyatuuka ku ntikko mu 2007 n’okusereba [[Great Recession|kw’eby’enfuna]], okukendeera kw’ebyenfuna okusinga obunene okuva mu kusereba kw’eby’enfuna kuli okwali okw'ammanyi.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Hilsenrath|first1=Jon|last2=Ng|first2=Serena|last3=Paletta|first3=Damian|date=September 18, 2008|title=Worst Crisis Since '30s, With No End Yet in Sight|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122169431617549947|url-status=live|url-access=subscription|access-date=July 28, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225040616/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122169431617549947|archive-date=December 25, 2014}}</ref> Okutandikira mu myaka gya 2010, n’okugenda mu maaso mu gya 2020, Amerika efunye [[Political polarization in the United States|okwekutula kw’ebyobufuzi okweyongedde]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Murray |first=Mark |last2=Marquez |first2=Alexandra |date=June 15, 2023 |title=Here's what's driving America's increasing political polarization |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/meetthepressblog/s-s-driving-americas-increasing-political-polarization-rcna89559 |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> n’okudda [[emabega okw’amaanyi mu demokulasiya]].<ref name="Grumbach 2021">{{Harvnb|Grumbach|2021}}.</ref> Okukutula eggwanga lino kwalabikira nnyo mu [[bulumbaganyi obwaliwo mu Gwolubereberye 2021 mu Capitol]], <ref name="Kleinfeld-2023">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> ekibinja ky'abayeekera <ref name="Pape-2022">{{Cite web |last=Pape |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Pape |date=January 5, 2022 |title=American Face of Insurrection: Analysis of Individuals Charged for Storming the US Capitol on January 6, 2021 |url=https://cpost.uchicago.edu/publications/american_face_of_insurrection/ |access-date=September 13, 2024 |website=cpost.uchicago.edu |publisher=[[University of Chicago]], Chicago Project on Security and Threats}}</ref> abawagira Pulezidenti [[Donald Trump]] bwe baayingira mu [[United States Capitol|Capitol ya Amerika]] ne banoonya okulemesa okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> mu [[kugezaako okuwamba gavumenti]]. Gwali [[mulundi gwa pulezidenti ogwasooka okugaana]] [[okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe]]. <ref name="Multiple Sources"><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{multiref2|{{Cite book |last=Harvey |first=Michael |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003110361-1/introduction-michael-harvey |title=Donald Trump in Historical Perspective |date=2022 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-003-11036-1 |editor-last=Harvey |editor-first=Michael |chapter=Introduction: History's Rhymes |doi=10.4324/9781003110361-1 |quote=As with the Beer Hall Putsch, a would-be leader tried to take advantage of an already scheduled event (in Hitler's case, Kahr's speech; in Trump's, Congress's tallying of the electoral votes) to create a dramatic moment with himself at the center of attention, calling for bold action to upend the political order. Unlike Hitler's coup attempt, Trump already held top of office, so he was attempting to hold onto power, not seize it (the precise term for Trump's intended action is a 'self-coup' or 'autogolpe'). Thus, Trump was able to plan for the event well in advance, and with much greater control, including developing the legal arguments that could be used to justify rejecting the election's results.}} (p. 3)|{{cite journal |last1=Pion-Berlin |first1=David |last2=Bruneau |first2=Thomas |last3=Goetze |first3=Richard B. Jr. |date=April 7, 2022 |title=The Trump self-coup attempt: comparisons and civil–military relations |journal=Government and Opposition |volume=58 |issue=4 |pages=789–806 |doi=10.1017/gov.2022.13 |s2cid=248033246 |doi-access=free |hdl=10945/72654 |hdl-access=free}}|{{cite journal |author1-last=Castañeda |author1-first=Ernesto |author2-last=Jenks |author2-first=Daniel |date=April 17, 2023 |title=January 6th and De-Democratization in the United States |editor-last1=Costa |editor-first1=Bruno Ferreira |editor-last2=Parton |editor-first2=Nigel |journal=Social Sciences |publisher=[[MDPI]] |volume=12 |issue=4 |page=238 |doi=10.3390/socsci12040238 |doi-access=free |issn=2076-0760 |quote=What the United States went through on January 6th was an attempt at a self-coup, where Trump would use force to stay as head of state even if abandoning democratic practices in the U.S. Some advised Trump to declare martial law to create a state of emergency and use that as an excuse to stay in power.}}|{{Cite report |url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/trump-on-trial/ |title=Trump on Trial: A Guide to the January 6 Hearings and the Question of Criminality |last1=Eisen |first1=Norman |last2=Ayer |first2=Donald |date=June 6, 2022 |publisher=Brookings Institution |language=en-US |quote=[Trump] tried to delegitimize the election results by disseminating a series of far fetched and evidence-free claims of fraud. Meanwhile, with a ring of close confidants, Trump conceived and implemented unprecedented schemes to{{snd}}in his own words{{snd}}"overturn" the election outcome. Among the results of this "Big Lie" campaign were the terrible events of January 6, 2021{{snd}}an inflection point in what we now understand was nothing less than an attempted coup. |last3=Perry |first3=Joshua |last4=Bookbinder |first4=Noah |last5=Perry |first5=E. Danya |access-date=December 16, 2023}}|{{cite court |litigants=Eastman v Thompson, et al. |opinion=8:22-cv-00099-DOC-DFM Document 260 |pinpoint=44 |court=S.D. Cal. |date=May 28, 2022 |url=https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840.260.0.pdf |access-date=December 16, 2023 |quote=Dr. Eastman and President Trump launched a campaign to overturn a democratic election, an action unprecedented in American history. Their campaign was not confined to the ivory tower{{snd}}it was a coup in search of a legal theory. The plan spurred violent attacks on the seat of our nation's government, led to the deaths of several law enforcement officers, and deepened public distrust in our political process... If Dr. Eastman and President Trump's plan had worked, it would have permanently ended the peaceful transition of power, undermining American democracy and the Constitution. If the country does not commit to investigating and pursuing accountability for those responsible, the Court fears January 6 will repeat itself.}}|{{Cite web |last=Graham |first=David A. |date=January 6, 2021 |title=This Is a Coup |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106224049/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/ |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}|{{Cite web |last=Musgrave |first=Paul |date=January 6, 2021 |title=This Is a Coup. Why Were Experts So Reluctant to See It Coming? |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106235812/https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/ |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=Foreign Policy}}|{{Cite web |last=Solnit |first=Rebecca |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Call it what it was: a coup attempt |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107000436/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt |archive-date=January 7, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=The Guardian}}|{{Cite web |last=Coleman |first=Justine |date=January 6, 2021 |title=GOP lawmaker on violence at Capitol: 'This is a coup attempt' |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106212600/https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]}}|{{Cite web |last=Jacobson |first=Louis |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Is this a coup? Here's some history and context to help you decide |url=https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/jan/06/coup-heres-some-history-and-context-help-you-decid/ |access-date=January 7, 2021 |website=[[PolitiFact]] |quote=A good case can be made that the storming of the Capitol qualifies as a coup. It's especially so because the rioters entered at precisely the moment when the incumbent's loss was to be formally sealed, and they succeeded in stopping the count.}}|{{Cite news |last1=Barry |first1=Dan |last2=Frenkel |first2=Sheera |date=January 7, 2021 |title='Be There. Will Be Wild!': Trump All but Circled the Date |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |url-access=registration |url-status=live |access-date=December 16, 2023}}|{{cite encyclopedia |last=Duignan |first=Brian |date=August 4, 2021 |title=January 6 U.S. Capitol attack |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack |url-status=live |access-date=September 22, 2021 |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |quote=Because its object was to prevent a legitimate president-elect from assuming office, the attack was widely regarded as an insurrection or attempted coup d'état. |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117232629/https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack |archive-date=January 17, 2023}}}}</ref> Abayivu mu bugazi bagamba nti Amerika eri mu kukyuka okuva mu byobufuzi bya [[demokulasiya ow'eddembe]] okudda mu [[nfuga ey'ekintabuli]] okuva mu 2025. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> We bwatuukira mu 2026, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya [[London School of Economics]] kwazuula nti bannassaayansi b'ebyobufuzi abasinga obungi abaabuuzibwa tebaali bakkiriza nti [[okulonda kwa Amerika okwa 2026]] kwandituukiriza ebisaanyizo by'okubeera " [[eby'eddembe era eby'obwenkanya]] ".<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2026, eggwanga lino era lyajaguza [[emyaka 250 bukya litandikibwawo]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> == Enkula y’ensi == Amerika y’ensi [[eyookusatu mu bunene]] mu nsi yonna okusinziira ku bunene bwonna ng’eddiridde Russia ne Canada. [ c ] [[Amasaza 48 ne Disitulikiti ya Columbia]] byonna awamu gali ku bugazi bwa 3,119,885 square miles ( sikweya kiromita 8,080,470) . <ref name="CensusGov2010HTML">Areas of the 50 states and the District of Columbia but not Puerto Rico nor other island territories per {{cite web |date=August 2010 |title=State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates |url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/2010/geo/state-area.html |access-date=March 31, 2020 |work=[[Census.gov]] |quote=reflect base feature updates made in the MAF/TIGER database through August, 2010.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Field Listing: Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#as |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707180005/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#as |archive-date=July 7, 2020 |access-date=April 21, 2020 |website=The World Factbook |publisher=cia.gov}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2021, Amerika yalina ebitundu 8% ku nnimiro n’amalundiro ag’enkalakkalira ku Nsi kuno ate ebitundu 10% ku ttaka lyayo ery’ebirime. <ref>{{cite web |last=Lew |first=Alan |title=PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE US |url=https://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch2.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409112252/https://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch2.html |archive-date=April 9, 2016 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=GSP 220—Geography of the United States |publisher=North Arizona University}}</ref> Okutandikira mu buvanjuba, olusenyi lw’oku lubalama lw’ennyanja Atlantic luwa ekifo ebibira ebiri munda mu nsi n’obusozi obuyiringisibwa mu kitundu ky’olusenyi lwa Piedmont . [1] Ensozi za Appalachian ne Adirondack Massif zaawula olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba ku Nnyanja Ennene n'omuddo ogw'omu maserengeta ga Midwest . [2] Enkola y'emigga Mississippi, enkola y'emigga ey'okuna mu nsi yonna mu buwanvu, esinga kutambula mu bukiikakkono–obugwanjuba okuyita mu makkati g'eggwanga. Ekiwonvu ekipapajjo era ekigimu eky’omu Great Plains kibuna mu maserengeta, era nga kitaataaganyizibwa ekitundu eky’ensozi mu bukiikaddyo obw’obuvanjuba.[2] Ensozi z’amayinja, mu bugwanjuba ga Great Plains, ziwanvuwa okuva mu bukiikakkono okutuuka mu bukiikaddyo okwetoloola eggwanga, era nga zituukira ku ffuuti14,000 (mmita 4,300 ) mu [[Colorado]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harms |first=Nicole |title=Facts About the Rocky Mountain Range |url=https://traveltips.usatoday.com/rocky-mountain-range-11967.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212094150/https://traveltips.usatoday.com/rocky-mountain-range-11967.html |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=USA Today}}</ref> [[Supervolcano|Olusozi olusozi oluwanda omuliro olukulu]] oluli wansi wa Yellowstone National Park mu nsozi z'amayinja, [[Yellowstone Caldera]], lwe lusozi oluwanda omuliro olusinga obunene ku semazinga ono. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Hanlon |first=Larry |date=March 14, 2005 |title=America's Explosive Park |url=https://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050314034001/https://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html |archive-date=March 14, 2005 |access-date=April 5, 2016 |publisher=Discovery Channel}}</ref> Ewala mu bugwanjuba waliwo [[Great Basin|ekiwonvu ekinene]] eky’amayinja n’eddungu lya [[Chihuahuan Desert|Chihuahuan]], [[Sonoran Desert|Sonoran]], n'eddungu lya [[Mojave Desert|Mojave]]. Mu nsonda ey’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba bwa [[Arizona]], eyayoolwa [[Colorado River|omugga Colorado]], waliwo [[Grand Canyon]], ekiwonvu ekiriko enjuyi empanvu era ekifo eky’obulambuzi ekimanyiddwa ennyo <ref>{{Cite web |title=Executive Summary of Grand Canyon Tourism |url=http://www.nau.edu/hrm/ahrrc/reports/G_C_EXEC_SUMMARY.pdf#search=grandcanyon |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100928184338/http://www.nau.edu/hrm/ahrrc/reports/G_C_EXEC_SUMMARY.pdf#search=grandcanyon |archive-date=September 28, 2010 |access-date=January 4, 2007 |publisher=Northern Arizona University |format=PDF}}</ref> ekimanyiddwa olw’obunene bwakyo obw’okulaba obusukkiridde n’ebifo ebizibu, ebya langi. Ensozi za [[Cascade Range|Cascade]] ne [[Sierra Nevada]] zitambulira kumpi n'olubalama [[West Coast of the United States|lw'ennyanja Pacific]]. [[Extreme points of the United States|Ebifo ebisinga wansi n’okugulumizibwa mu Amerika eririraanyewo]] biri mu Ssaza ly’e California,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mount Whitney, California |url=https://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=2829 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |publisher=Peakbagger}}</ref> nga mayiro 84 ( kiromita 135) nga baawukanye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Find Distance and Azimuths Between 2 Sets of Coordinates (Badwater 36-15-01-N, 116-49-33-W and Mount Whitney 36-34-43-N, 118-17-31-W) |url=https://transition.fcc.gov/fcc-bin/distance?dlat=36&mlat=15&slat=01&ns=1&dlon=116&mlon=49&slon=33&ew=1&dlat2=36&mlat2=34&slat2=43&sn=1&dlon2=118&mlon2=17&slon2=31&we=1&iselec=1 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |publisher=Federal Communications Commission}}</ref>Ku buwanvu bwa ffuuti 20,310 ( mayiro 6,190.5 ), [[Denali]] mu Alaska (era eyitibwa Mount McKinley) ye ntikko esinga obuwanvu mu ggwanga ne ku ssemazinga ono.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Poppick |first=Laura |date=August 28, 2013 |title=US Tallest Mountain's Surprising Location Explained |url=https://www.livescience.com/39245-us-tallest-mountain-location-explained.html |access-date=May 2, 2015 |publisher=LiveScience}}</ref> [[List of volcanoes in the United States|Ensozi eziwanda omuliro ezikola mu Amerika]] zitera okubeera mu bizinga byonna ebya Alaska ebya [[Alexander Archipelago|Alexander]] ne [[Aleutian Islands|Aleutian]]. Ekizinga kino ekya Hawaii ekisangibwa ebweru wa North America yonna, kirimu ebizinga ebirimu ensozi eziwanda omuliro [[Physical geography|mu bifaananyi]] [[Ethnology|n’amawanga]] kitundu kya kitundu kya [[Polynesia]] ekya [[Oceania]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 12, 2018 |title=Is Hawaii a Part of Oceania or North America? |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/is-hawaii-a-part-of-oceania-or-north-america.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711143815/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/is-hawaii-a-part-of-oceania-or-north-america.html |archive-date=July 11, 2019 |access-date=June 24, 2019 |website=WorldAtlas}}</ref> Ng’oggyeeko obugazi bw’ettaka lyayo lyonna, Amerika erina ekimu ku bitundu ebisinga obunene mu nsi yonna eby’ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo ebikwata ku nnyanja ebibunye square miles nga obukadde 4.5 (11.7 million km <sup>2</sup> ) ez’ennyanja. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The United States is an Ocean Nation |url=https://www.gc.noaa.gov/documents/2011/012711_gcil_maritime_eez_map.pdf |access-date=September 14, 2025 |website=[[NOAA]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Marine Regions · United States Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) |url=https://www.marineregions.org/gazetteer.php?p=details&id=8456 |access-date=September 15, 2025 |website=www.marineregions.org}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Olw’obunene bwayo n’ebifo eby’enjawulo, Amerika erimu ebika by’embeera y'obudde ebisinga obungi. Ebuvanjuba bwa [[100th meridian]], embeera y’obudde etandikira ku kika ekiyitibwa [[Humid continental climate|Humid continental]] mu bukiikakkono okutuuka ku kya [[Humid subtropical climate|humid tropical]] mu bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{cite web |last=Boyden |first=Jennifer |title=Climate Regions of the United States |url=https://traveltips.usatoday.com/climate-regions-united-states-21570.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212094152/https://traveltips.usatoday.com/climate-regions-united-states-21570.html |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |work=USA Today}}</ref> Ebiwonvu ebinene ebiyitibwa The western Great Plains eby'obugwanjuba biba mu kika kya [[Semi-arid climate|semi-arid]]. Ebitundu bingi eby'ensozi mu bugwanjuba bwa Amerika birina [[Alpine climate|embeera y'obudde ey'ensozi]] . Embeera y’obudde [[Desert climate|nkalu]] mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwanjuba, [[Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean]] mu [[Coastal California|lubalama lw’essaza lya California]], ate eri [[Oceanic climate|oceanic]] mu lubalama lw’e[[Oregon]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], n’obukiikaddyo bwa [[Alaska]] . Ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Alaska kiri mu kitundu kya [[Subarctic climate|subarctic]] oba [[Polar climate|polar]]. [[Hawaii]], [[ekitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwa Florida]] n'ebitundu bya Amerika mu [[Caribbean]] ne [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] biri mu mbeera ya [[Tropical climate|Tropical]].<ref>{{cite web |title=World Map of Köppen–Geiger Climate Classification |url=https://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126115149/http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf |archive-date=January 26, 2022 |access-date=August 19, 2015}}</ref> Amerika efuna ebizibu [[by’embeera y'obudde ebisukkiridde]] ebikosa ennyo okusinga mu mawanga amalala gonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rice |first=Doyle |title=USA has the world's most extreme weather |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/weather/2013/05/16/extreme-weather-north-america/2162501/ |access-date=May 17, 2020 |website=USA Today |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Borenstein |first=Seth |date=April 2, 2023 |title=Why the U.S. is leading the world in extreme weather catastrophes |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/why-the-u-s-is-leading-the-world-in-extreme-weather-catastrophes |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=PBS News |language=en-us}}</ref> Amasaza agali ku nsalo ya [[Gulf of Mexico]] gatera okubeera n'embuyaga, era ensoke ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna [[zibeera mu ggwanga lino]], okusinga mu [[Tornado Alley]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Perkins, Sid|date=May 11, 2002|title=Tornado Alley, USA|url=https://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20020511/bob9.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701131631/https://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20020511/bob9.asp|archive-date=July 1, 2007|access-date=September 20, 2006|work=Science News}}</ref> [[Olw’enkyukakyuka mu m,beera y’obudde|Olw’enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y’obudde]], embeera y’obudde embi efuuse ya bulijjo mu Amerika mu kyasa 21, ng’omuwendo [[Heat waves|gw’ebbugumu]] ogwaweebwako alipoota gukubisaamu emirundi esatu bw’ogeraageranya n’emyaka gya 1960. <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=March 26, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Weather and Climate |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/weather-climate |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250530120153/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/weather-climate |archive-date=May 30, 2025 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=April 18, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Heat Waves |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512213757/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-date=May 12, 2021 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=April 18, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Heat Waves |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512213757/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-date=May 12, 2021 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> Okuva mu myaka gya 1990, ekyeya mu [[Bukikkaddyo bw'obugwanjuba bwa Amerika]] kyeyongera okubeera eky’amaanyi era nga kitwala ekiseera ekiwanvu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=US EPA |first=OAR |date=December 2024 |title=A Closer Look: Temperature and Drought in the Southwest |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/southwest |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170105075435/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/southwest |archive-date=2017-01-05 |access-date=June 19, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> Ebitundu ebitwalibwa ng’ebisinga okusikiriza abantu bye bisinga okubeera mu bulabe. <ref>{{cite web |last1=Waldron |first1=Lucas |last2=Lustgarten |first2=Abrahm |date=November 10, 2020 |title=Climate Change Will Make Parts of the U.S. Uninhabitable. Americans Are Still Moving There. |url=https://www.propublica.org/article/climate-change-will-make-parts-of-the-u-s-uninhabitable-americans-are-still-moving-there |access-date=November 25, 2024 |website=Propublica |publisher=Rhodium Group}}</ref> == Ebitonde eby’enjawulo n’enkuuma yaabyo == US y’emu ku [[nsi 17 ez’enjawulo]] ezirimu ebika by'ebitonde ebingi ebibeera mu kitundu kino : ebika [[Vascular plant|by’ebimera]] nga 17,000 bibeera mu Amerika ne Alaska, era ebika [[by’ebimera ebirina ebimuli]] ebisukka mu 1,800 bisangibwa mu Hawaii, ebitono ku byo bibeera ku lukalu. <ref>{{cite web |author=Morin, Nancy |title=Vascular Plants of the United States |url=https://www.fungaljungal.org/papers/National_Biological_Service.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724222726/https://www.fungaljungal.org/papers/National_Biological_Service.pdf |archive-date=July 24, 2013 |access-date=October 27, 2008 |website=Plants |publisher=National Biological Service}}</ref> Amerika erimu ebika by'ebisolo [[Mammal|ebizaala]] 428, ebinyonyi 784, ebisolo ebyewalula oba reptiles 311, ekika kya [[Amphibians]] 295, <ref name="Current Results # of native species in the US">{{Cite web |last=Osborn |first=Liz |title=Number of Native Species in United States |url=https://www.currentresults.com/Environment-Facts/Plants-Animals/number-of-native-species-in-united-states.php |access-date=January 15, 2015 |publisher=Current Results Nexus}}</ref> n'ebika by'ebiwuka nga 91,000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Numbers of Insects (Species and Individuals) |url=https://www.si.edu/Encyclopedia_SI/nmnh/buginfo/bugnos.htm |access-date=January 20, 2009 |publisher=Smithsonian Institution}}</ref> Waliwo [[amakuumiro g'ebisolo 63]], n’ebikumi n’ebikumi by’ebijjukizo ebirala ebiddukanyizibwa gavumenti eya wakati, ebibira, n’ebitundu by’eddungu, ebiddukanyizibwa ekitongole kya [[National Park Service]] n’ebitongole ebirala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Park FAQ |url=https://www.nps.gov/aboutus/national-park-system.htm/index.htm |access-date=May 8, 2015 |website=nps |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> Ebitundu nga 28% ku ttaka ly'eggwanga lino lya gavumenti era liddukanyizibwa gavumenti eya wakati,<ref name="NYTimes Federal Land">{{cite news|last1=Lipton|first1=Eric|last2=Krauss|first2=Clifford|title=Giving Reins to the States Over Drilling|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/24/us/romney-would-give-reins-to-states-on-drilling-on-federal-lands.html?pagewanted=2&_r=0|access-date=January 18, 2015|newspaper=The New York Times|date=August 23, 2012}}</ref> okusinga mu masaza g'amawanga g'obugwanjuba . <ref name="AKLeg CRS Federal Land">{{Cite report|url=https://www.akleg.gov/basis/get_documents.asp?session=31&docid=47224|title=Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data|publisher=Congressional Research Service|date=March 3, 2017|access-date=June 18, 2020|last1=Vincent|first1=Carol H.|last2=Hanson|first2=Laura A.|last3=Argueta|first3=Carla N.|page=2}}</ref> [[Protected areas of the United States|Ettaka lino erisinga likuumibwa]], wadde ng’erimu lipangisibwa okukozesebwa mu by’obusuubuzi, era eritakka wansi wa kimu ku buli kikumi likozesebwa mu by’amagye. <ref name="Federal Land Ownership">{{cite web |last1=Gorte |first1=Ross W. |last2=Vincent |first2=Carol Hardy. |last3=Hanson |first3=Laura A. |last4=Marc R. |first4=Rosenblum |title=Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42346.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150124032234/http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42346.pdf |archive-date=January 24, 2015 |access-date=January 18, 2015 |website=fas.org |publisher=Congressional Research Service}}</ref><ref name="Fed Land Uses">{{Cite web |title=Chapter 6: Federal Programs to Promote Resource Use, Extraction, and Development |url=https://www.doi.gov/pmb/oepc/wetlands2/v2ch6.cfm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318005744/https://www.doi.gov/pmb/oepc/wetlands2/v2ch6.cfm |archive-date=March 18, 2015 |access-date=January 19, 2015 |website=doi.gov |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior}}</ref> Ensonga z'obutonde bw'ensi mu Amerika mulimu okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku by'obugagga ebitazzibwa buggya [[n'amaanyi ga nukiriya]], obwonoona kw'empewo n'amazzi, ebitonde eby'enjawulo, okutema emiti n'okutema [[Deforestation in the United States|ebibira]], <ref>{{Cite web |last=The National Atlas of the United States of America |date=January 14, 2013 |title=Forest Resources of the United States |url=https://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/biology/a_forest.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507195541/https://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/biology/a_forest.html |archive-date=May 7, 2009 |access-date=January 13, 2014 |publisher=Nationalatlas.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |year=2003 |title=Land Use Changes Involving Forestry in the United States: 1952 to 1997, With Projections to 2050 |url=https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/gtr587.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228031404/https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/gtr587.pdf |archive-date=2008-02-28 |access-date=January 13, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Climate change in the United States|n'enkyukakyuka y'obudde]] . <ref>[[United States#Daynes|Daynes & Sussman, 2010]], pp. 3, 72, 74–76, 78</ref> <ref>Hays, Samuel P. (2000).</ref> Ekitongole kya America ekikuuma obutonde bwensi ekya [[Environmental Protection Agency]]<nowiki/>i (EPA) kye kitongole kya gavumenti eya wakati ekivunaanyizibwa ku [[Environmental policy of the United States|nsonga ezisinga ezikwata ku butonde bw'ensi]]. [[Endowooza y’ettale]] ebadde ewa enzirukanya y’ettaka ly’olukale okuva mu 1964, n’etteeka [[Wilderness Act|ly’ettale]]. <ref>Turner, James Morton (2012).</ref> [[Endangered Species Act of 1973|Etteeka ly’ebika by'ebitonde ebiri mu katyabaga k’okusaanawo erya 1973]] liwa engeri y’okukuuma ebika ebiri mu katyabaga n’ebisangibwa mu katyabaga k’okusaanawo n’ebifo mwe bibeera. Ekitongole kya Amerika ekivunaanyizibwa ku byennyanja n’ebisolo by’omu nsiko ekya [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service]] kissa mu nkola etteeka lino era ne lissa mu nkola. <ref name="Office">{{cite book |year=2003 |title=Endangered species Fish and Wildlife Service |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a8BEuUPJb58C&pg=PA1 |publisher=General Accounting Office, Diane Publishing |isbn=978-1-4289-3997-4 |pages=1–3, 42 |access-date=October 25, 2015}}</ref> Mu 2024, Amerika yakwata ekifo kya 35 mu mawanga 180 mu [[muwendo gw'enkola ku butonde bw'ensi]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 10, 2024 |title=Environmental Performance Index |url=https://epi.yale.edu/measure/2024/EPI |access-date=July 10, 2024 |website=epi.yale.edu}}</ref> == Gavumenti n’ebyobufuzi byayo == Amerika ggwanga lya federo eririmu amasaza 50 n’essza ekkulu erya federo, erya Washington, DC. Amerika ekakasa obwannannyini ku bitundu bitaano ebitali mu mateeka n’ebintu by’ebizinga ebiwerako ebitaliimu bantu. <ref name="HRI-2012">{{multiref2|{{Cite web |publisher=U.S. State Department |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/179780.htm |title=Common Core Document to U.N. Committee on Human Rights |date=December 30, 2011 |at=Item 22, 27, 80 |access-date=April 6, 2016}}|{{Cite web |publisher=U.S. General Accounting Office Report |url=https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf |title=U.S. Insular Areas: application of the U.S. Constitution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103093032/https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf |archive-date=November 3, 2013 |date=November 1997 |pages=1, 6, 39n |access-date=April 6, 2016}} }}</ref> Y'ensi erimu federo esinga obukadde mu nsi yonna, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Desjardins |first=Jeff |date=August 8, 2019 |title=Mapped: The world's oldest democracies |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/08/countries-are-the-worlds-oldest-democracies/ |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=[[World Economic Forum]]}}</ref> era [[enkola yaayo ey'obwa pulezidenti]] eya gavumenti eya federo ebadde etwalibwa, mu bulambalamba oba mu kitundu, amawanga mangi agaba gaakafuna obwetwaze mu nsi yonna oluvannyuma lw'[[okuva mu mikono gy'abafuzi b'amatwale]]. Ssemateeka wa Amerika akola nga [[ekiwandiiko ky'amateeka eky'oku ntikko]] mu ggwanga. Amerika ye yali esinga okumanyika [[Liberal democracy|mu demokulasiya ow’eddembe]] okumala ekitundu ekinene eky’ekyasa eky’abiri n’okutandika kw’ekyasa kyabirimwekimu, naye ebadde n’okudda [[Democratic backsliding in the United States|emabega okw’amaanyi mu demokulasiya]] n’okukyuka okudda mu [[Hybrid regime|nfuga ey’ekintabuli]] nga muno mulimu enkola y’ebyobufuzi egatta ebintu [[Authoritarianism|eby’obwannakyewa]] ne [[Democracy|demokulasiya]]. <ref name="Grumbach 20212">{{Harvnb|Grumbach|2021}}.</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=March 17, 2026 |title=DEMOCRACY REPORT 2026: Unraveling The Democratic Era? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/75/V-Dem_Institute_Democracy_Report_2026_lowres.pdf |access-date=March 22, 2026 |website=[[V-Dem Institute]] |quote=One notable shift is the transformation of the Republican Party to endorsing a far-right, nationalist, and anti-pluralist agenda. Nationalist, anti-liberal, far-right parties and leaders have largely driven the “third wave of autocratization.” Yet the USA stands out as the only case where such movement seized control over one party in a rigid two-party system.}}</ref> [[Gerrymandering in the United States|Gerrymandering]], nga kino kirimu okukozesa obubi disitulikiti olw’okuganyulwa mu byobufuzi, kusaasaanidde nnyo era nga kibadde kivugibwa ensala za kkooti ey’oku ntikko mu myaka gya 2010 ne 2020. <ref name=":52">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> Waliwo okukubaganya ebirowoozo okugenda mu maaso mu bannassaayansi b’ebyobufuzi oba eggwanga lino lisinga kuteekebwa mu kibinja kya [[Electoral autocracy|demokulasiya ow’eddembe mu kulonda]] oba [[Illiberal democracy|demokulasiya atali mu ddembe]], nga batono abakyalowooza nti etuukana n’embeera ya demokulasiya ow’eddembe omunywevu. <ref name=":62">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|last=Langfitt|first=Frank|date=2025-04-22|title=Hundreds of scholars say U.S. is swiftly heading toward authoritarianism|url=https://www.npr.org/2025/04/22/nx-s1-5340753/trump-democracy-authoritarianism-competive-survey-political-scientist|access-date=2026-05-25|work=[[NPR]]|language=en|quote=A survey of more than 500 political scientists finds that the vast majority think the United States is moving swiftly from liberal democracy toward some form of authoritarianism.}}</ref> <ref name=":52" /> == Gavumenti ya federo == Gavumenti ya federo erimu amatabi asatu, nga gonna ekitebe kyago ekikulu kisangibwa mu Washington, DC. Gavumenti ye gavumenti y'eggwanga lya Amerika. Ssemateeka wa Amerika assaawo [[Separation of powers|okwawula obuyinza]] okugendereddwamu okussaawo enkola y’okukebera [[Checks and balances|n’okutebenkeza]] okutangira amatabi gonna ku asatu okufuuka ag’oku ntikko. <ref>{{cite web |author=Killian, Johnny H. Ed |title=Constitution of the United States |url=https://www.senate.gov/civics/constitution_item/constitution.htm |access-date=February 11, 2012 |publisher=The Office of the Secretary of the Senate}}</ref> Enkola y’amatabi asatu emanyiddwa nga [[Presidential system|enkola ya pulezidenti]], okwawukana ku [[Parliamentary system|nkola ya palamenti]] ng’ekitongole ekifuzi ekitundu ku kakiiko k’amateeka. Amawanga mangi okwetoloola ensi yonna gaakwata ensonga eno eya Ssemateeka wa Amerika eya 1789 naddala mu Amerika [[Postcolonialism|ezaaliwo oluvannyuma lw’abafuzi b'amatwale]]. == Olukiiko lw’ababaka ba Palamenti == [[Olukiiko lwa Amerika]] olwa Congress lukiiko luliko enjuyi z'ababaka bbiri olwa [[Senate]] [[n'olukiiko lw'ababaka]]. Senate erina bammemba 100 nga mulumi abatuuze babiri okuva mu buli ssaza era nga balondebwa abalonzi b’essaza eryo okumala ekisanja kya myaka mukaaga. Olukiiko lw’ababaka ba Palamenti lulimu abakiise 435, nga balondebwa okumala ekisanja kya myaka ebiri okuva mu kitundu kya [[disitulikiti ya congress]] gye babeera. [[Olukiiko lw’ababaka ba palamenti olw’essaza lwe]] lusalawo ensalo za disitulikiti, ezikwatagana mu ssaza. Buli disitulikiti ya Amerika mu lukiiko lwa Congress erimu abantu abenkanankana era esindika omukiise omu mu lukiiko lwa Congress.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Senate and the House of Representatives: lesson overview (article) |url=https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-government-and-civics/us-gov-interactions-among-branches/us-gov-congress-the-senate-and-the-house-of-representatives/a/lesson-summary-the-senate-and-the-house-of-representatives |website=Khan Academy |language=en}}</ref> Emyaka gy’okulonda eri aba senate gikyusibwakyusibwa ne kiba nti kimu kya kusatu kyokka ku bo kye kijja okubeera mu kulondebwa buli luvannyuma lwa myaka ebiri. <ref>{{Cite web |title=US midterm election: What you need to know – DW – 11/07/2022 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/us-midterm-election-what-you-need-to-know/a-63656210 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216134445/https://www.dw.com/en/us-midterm-election-what-you-need-to-know/a-63656210 |archive-date=February 16, 2024 |access-date=February 16, 2024 |website=Deutsche Welle}}</ref> Ababaka ba Amerika bonna bagenda kulondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu buli luvannyuma lwa myaka ebiri. Olukiiko lwa Amerika lukola amateeka ga federo, lulangirira olutalo, luyisa endagaano, lulina obuyinza bw’ensawo,<ref>{{cite web |title=The Legislative Branch |url=https://usa.usembassy.de/government-legislative.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115122604/https://usa.usembassy.de/government-legislative.htm |archive-date=November 15, 2021 |access-date=August 20, 2012 |publisher=United States Diplomatic Mission to Germany}}</ref> era lulina obuyinza bw’okugoba omuntu mu ntebe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Process for impeachment |url=https://library.thinkquest.org/25673/process.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408102119/https://library.thinkquest.org/25673/process.htm |archive-date=April 8, 2013 |access-date=August 20, 2012 |publisher=ThinkQuest}}</ref> Ogumu ku mirimu gyayo egisinga obukulu egitali mu mateeka bwe buyinza okunoonyereza n’okulabirira ekitongole ekifuzi.<ref name="tws2010Sep11t11">{{Cite web |title=US midterm election: What you need to know – DW – 11/07/2022 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/us-midterm-election-what-you-need-to-know/a-63656210 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216134445/https://www.dw.com/en/us-midterm-election-what-you-need-to-know/a-63656210 |archive-date=February 16, 2024 |access-date=February 16, 2024 |website=Deutsche Welle}}</ref> Okulondoola kwa Congress kutera okuweebwa obukiiko era kuyimirizibwawo obuyinza bwa Congress okufulumya ebiragiro.<ref name="tws2010Sep11t13">{{cite news|author=Ferraro|first=Thomas|date=April 25, 2007|title=House committee subpoenas Rice on Iraq|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN2518728220070425|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114214442/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN2518728220070425|archive-date=January 14, 2021|access-date=September 11, 2010|work=Reuters}}</ref> Emirimu mingi egya Congress gikolebwa okukuŋŋaanyizibwa kw’obukiiko, nga buli kalondebwa olw’ekigendererwa oba omulimu ogw’enjawulo. Obwammemba bw’akakiiko buba bwa nnono n’amateeka g'enkola ya bipartisan, naye obukiiko bwonna bukubirizibwa mmemba aw’ekibiina ekisingamu abantu abangi, y’ateekawo enteekateeka y’akakiiko.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rules – Committee on Standards of Official Conduct |url=http://ethics.house.gov/Media/PDF/110th%20Committee%20Rules.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707024139/http://ethics.house.gov/Media/PDF/110th%20Committee%20Rules.pdf |archive-date=July 7, 2010 |access-date=August 23, 2010 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Akakiko kaalyo akakulu == Pulezidenti wa Amerika ye [[Head of state|mukulembeze w’eggwanga]], [[Commander-in-chief|omuduumizi]] w’okuntikko, era [[Head of government|akulira gavumenti eya federo]]. Pulezidenti alonda [[Cabinet of the United States|abakiise ba kabineti]], nga Senate ekkirizibwa, era n’atuuma amannya g’abakungu abalala abaddukanya n’okussa mu nkola amateeka n’enkola ya federo nga bayita mu [[List of federal agencies in the United States|bitongole byabwe]] . <ref>{{cite web |title=The Executive Branch |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/about-the-white-house/our-government/the-executive-branch/ |access-date=February 11, 2017 |website=The White House}}</ref> Pulezidenti alina obusobozi okukuba akalulu [[Bill (law)|ku biteeso by'amateeka]] okuva mu lukiiko lwa Amerika olwa Congress nga tegannafuuka mateeka. Wabula [[Veto power in the United States|obuyinza bwa pulezidenti obw’okukuba akalulu]] buyinza okusasulwa n’obululu [[Supermajority#Use in governments around the world|obw’ebitundu]] bibiri ku bisatu mu bibiina byombi ebya Congress. Pulezidenti era alina obuyinza bw'okusonyiwa emisango gya federo era [[Federal pardons in the United States|asobola okufulumya okusonyiwa]] . N'ekisembayo, pulezidenti alina obuyinza okufulumya " [[Executive orders|ebiragiro by'abakulira emirimu]] " ebigazi mu bitundu by'enkola ebiwerako, nga bigenda [[Judicial review in the United States|kwekenneenyezebwa abalamuzi]] . Abeesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti batera okunoonya akalulu [[Running mate|n’omumyuka]] wa pulezidenti gwe baba balonze, era bombi batera okulondebwa awamu, oba okuwangulwa awamu, mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Okwawukanako n’obululu obulala mu byobufuzi bya Amerika, kuno mu by’ekikugu [[Indirect election|kulonda okutali kwa butereevu]] nga muno omuwanguzi y’agenda okusalibwawo [[United States Electoral College|ekitongole ky’ebyokulonda mu Amerika]]. Eyo, obululu bukubwa mu butongole abalonzi ssekinnoomu abaalondebwa [[State legislature (United States)|olukiiko lw’ababaka ba gavumenti mu ssaza lyabwe]]. <ref>{{cite web |title=Interpretation: Article II, Section 1, Clauses 2 and 3 {{!}} Constitution Center |url=https://constitutioncenter.org/the-constitution/articles/article-ii/clauses/350 |website=National Constitution Center – constitutioncenter.org |language=en}}</ref> Kyokka mu nkola, buli limu ku masaza 50 lironda ekibinja ky’abalonzi ba pulezidenti abeetaagibwa mu mateeka g’amasaza okukakasa omuwanguzi w’akalulu k’abantu bonna mu ssaza lyabwe. Buli ssaza liweebwa abalonzi babiri nga kwogasse n’omulonzi omu omulala ku buli disitulikiti ya ttabamiruka mu ssaza lino, mu butuufu nga kino kigatta okwenkana omuwendo gw’abalonde essaza ly’esindika mu lukiiko lwa Congress. Disitulikiti y’e Columbia, etaliimu bakiise wadde ba senate, eweebwa obululu busatu obw’okulonda. Pulezidenti n’omumyuka wa pulezidenti bombi bakola ekisanja kya myaka ena, era pulezidenti ayinza okuddamu [[Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution|okulondebwa mu ofiisi omulundi gumu gwokka]], okumala ekisanja ekirala eky’emyaka ena.[ q ]. == Essiga eddamuzi == [[Federal judiciary of the United States|Essiga eddamuzi erya Amerika erya federo]], ng’abalamuzi baalyo bonna balondebwa pulezidenti obulamu bwabwe bwonna nga Senate ekiwagidde, okusinga kirimu [[Supreme Court of the United States|kkooti ensukkulumu mu Amerika]], [[United States courts of appeals|kkooti ezijulirwamu mu Amerika]], ne [[United States district court|kkooti za disitulikiti mu Amerika]]. Omutendera ogusinga wansi mu kitongole ekiramuzi ekya federo ye kkooti ya disitulikiti eya federo, esalawo emisango gyonna egitwalibwa okuba wansi wa" [[Original jurisdiction#Federal and state courts|obuyinza obw'olubereberye]]", gamba ng'amateeka ga federo, amateeka ga ssemateeka, oba [[International treaties|endagaano z'ensi yonna]]. Oluvannyuma lwa kkooti ya disitulikiti eya federo okusalawo omusango, ensala yaayo eyinza okuvuganyizibwa n’esindikibwa mu kkooti enkulu, kkooti ejulirwamu eya federo. Enkola y’ekiramuzi mu Amerika ey’ebitundu 12 ebya federo byawula eggwanga lino mu bitundu 12 eby’enjawulo ebifuga eby’ettaka okusalawo ku kujulira. Kkooti eddako era esinga obukulu mu nkola eno ye Kkooti Ensukkulumu mu Amerika. <ref name="FedJud">{{cite news|title=Beyond politics: Why Supreme Court justices are appointed for life|first=Roger|last=Cossack|url=https://archives.cnn.com/2000/LAW/07/columns/cossack.scotus.07.12/|work=CNN|date=July 13, 2000|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712085825/https://archives.cnn.com/2000/LAW/07/columns/cossack.scotus.07.12|archive-date=July 12, 2012}}</ref> Kkooti eno evvuunula amateeka n'ekyusa [[Judicial review in the United States|amateeka g'esanga nga tegakwatagana na ssemateeka]].<ref name="FedJud" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Supreme Court Procedure |url=https://www.scotusblog.com/supreme-court-procedure/ |access-date=October 20, 2024 |website=SCOTUSblog |language=en-US}}</ref>. Kkooti Eno efuna okusaba nga 7,000 okwa [[writs of certiorari]] [[Chief Justice of the United States|buli]] mwaka, naye n’ekkiriza nga 80 zokka. Wadde erina ba mmemba 9 nga bakulirwa Ssabalamuzi wa America,kkooti eno ekola ensala yaayo nga esinziira ku muwendo omunene kye gusazeew. Mu musango gw’okuggyamu omuntu obwesige omusango gw’okugoba pulezidenti mu lukiiko lwa Senate, ssabalamuzi y’akubiriza. Nga bwe kiri ku balamuzi abalala bonna aba federo, abakiise balondebwa pulezidenti ali mu ntebe obulamu bwabwe bwonna nga Senate ekkirizza ng’ekifo kifuuse ekikalu.<ref>{{cite news|title=Beyond politics: Why Supreme Court justices are appointed for life|first=Roger|last=Cossack|url=https://archives.cnn.com/2000/LAW/07/columns/cossack.scotus.07.12/|work=CNN|date=July 13, 2000|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712085825/https://archives.cnn.com/2000/LAW/07/columns/cossack.scotus.07.12|archive-date=July 12, 2012}}</ref> == Ebitundu byayo ebitonotono == Mu [[Federalism in the United States|nkola ya Amerika eya federo]], obuyinza obw’obwannannyini bugabanyizibwa wakati w’emitendera esatu egya gavumenti egyalambikibwa mu Ssemateeka: gavumenti eya federo, amasaza, n’ebika by’Abayindi. Amerika era ekakasa obwannannyini ku bitundu bitaano ebibeeramu abantu bannansangwa: [[American Samoa]], [[Guam]], [[Northern Mariana Islands]], [[Puerto Rico]], ne [[United States Virgin Islands|US Virgin Islands]].<ref name="HRI-20122">{{multiref2|{{Cite web |publisher=U.S. State Department |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/179780.htm |title=Common Core Document to U.N. Committee on Human Rights |date=December 30, 2011 |at=Item 22, 27, 80 |access-date=April 6, 2016}}|{{Cite web |publisher=U.S. General Accounting Office Report |url=https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf |title=U.S. Insular Areas: application of the U.S. Constitution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103093032/https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf |archive-date=November 3, 2013 |date=November 1997 |pages=1, 6, 39n |access-date=April 6, 2016}} }}</ref> Abatuuze b’amasaza 50 bafugibwa gavumenti y’amasaza gye balonda, wansi wa [[State constitutions in the United States|ssemateeka w’amasaza akwatagana ne ssemateeka w’eggwanga]], ne [[Local government in the United States|gavumenti z’ebitundu]] ezirondebwa nga zino ze bitundu ebifuga eby’essaza. <ref>{{cite web |last1=Levy |first1=Robert A. |date=October 2011 |title=Rights, Powers, Dual Sovereignty, and Federalism |url=https://www.cato.org/policy-report/september/october-2011/rights-powers-dual-sovereignty-federalism# |access-date=January 13, 2024 |website=Cato Institute}}</ref> Amasaza gagabanyizibwamu amagombolola oba ageefaananyiriza amagombolola, nga (okuggyako mu Hawaii) gasobola okukkiriza okutondebwawo kwa munisipaali ezeetongodde eziddukanyizibwa abalonde baago. Disitulikiti ya Columbia, [[Federal district of the United States|disitulikiti ya federo]] erimu ekibuga ekikulu ekya Amerika, [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] <ref>{{usc|8|1101}}(a)(36) and {{usc|8|1101}}(a)(38) U.S. Federal Code, Immigration and Nationality Act.</ref> Disitulikiti ya federo kitundu kya gavumenti eya federo ekifuga. == Ebibiina byayo eby’obufuzi == Ssemateeka asirise ku bibiina by’obufuzi. Wabula baakulaakulana nga beetongodde mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’omunaana n’ebibiina bya Federo n’ebya [[Anti-Federalist]] . Okuva olwo, Amerika yakola nga enkola ya ''de facto'' [[Ey’ebibiina ebibiri|ey’ebibiina]] [[Ey’ebibiina ebibiri|ebibiri]], wadde ng’ebibiina byakyuka okumala ekiseera.<ref name="Blake-2021">{{cite news|last1=Blake|first1=Aaron|date=November 25, 2021|title=Why are there only two parties in American politics?|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/04/27/why-are-there-only-two-parties-in-american-politics/|access-date=May 4, 2024|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> Okuva mu makkati g’ekyasa eky’ekkumi n’omwenda, ebibiina by’eggwanga ebibiri ebikulu bibadde [[Democratic Party]] ne [[Republican Party]]. Bannasayansi w’ebyobufuzi n’okunoonyereza ku byobufuzi okugeraageranya bassa ekibiina kya Democratic Party eky’omulembe guno ng’ekibiina eky’eddembe ng’omusingi gwakyo ogw’ebyobufuzi guyimiridde okumpi n’amasekkati g’endowooza z’ebyobufuzi eby'enjuyi zombi,<ref>{{Harvnb|Martone|Piccio|2023|p=167}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite news|last=Chinoy|first=Sahil|date=2019-06-26|title=What Happened to America's Political Center of Gravity?|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/06/26/opinion/sunday/republican-platform-far-right.html,%20https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/06/26/opinion/sunday/republican-platform-far-right.html|access-date=2026-04-26|work=[[The New York Times]]|quote=The Republican Party leans much further right than most traditional conservative parties in Western Europe and Canada, according to an analysis of their election manifestos. It is more extreme than Britain's Independence Party and France's National Rally (formerly the National Front), which some consider far-right populist parties. The Democratic Party, in contrast, is positioned closer to mainstream liberal parties.}}</ref> n’ekibiina kya Republican Party eky’omulembe guno ng’ekibiina eky’oku ddyo ekiwagira abantu n’eggwanga ng’ekibiina kyakyo eky’ebyobufuzi kiri ku ddyo okudda ku ddyo ennyo.<ref name=":42">{{Cite web |date=March 17, 2026 |title=DEMOCRACY REPORT 2026: Unraveling The Democratic Era? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/75/V-Dem_Institute_Democracy_Report_2026_lowres.pdf |access-date=March 22, 2026 |website=[[V-Dem Institute]] |quote=One notable shift is the transformation of the Republican Party to endorsing a far-right, nationalist, and anti-pluralist agenda. Nationalist, anti-liberal, far-right parties and leaders have largely driven the “third wave of autocratization.” Yet the USA stands out as the only case where such movement seized control over one party in a rigid two-party system.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=An International Far-Right Alliance? A Comparative Analysis of the Linkages Between the Republican Party and European Far-Right Parties |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4739346 |access-date=April 26, 2026 |ssrn=4739346 |quote=Norris's findings conveyed that the Republican Party is as far-right ideologically as many prominent European far-right parties. The Republican Party was measured to be more conservative in comparison to various mainstream European parties. More specifically, the Republican Party was valued to be as economically conservative as the Swiss People's Party and as socially conservative as the German Alternative for Germany (AfD).}}</ref><ref name=":7" /> == Enkolagana n’amawanga amalala == Amerika erina ensengeka eteereddwawo ey’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala, ng’ekwata [[ekifo ekyokubiri mu nsi yonna mu bunene bw’abakungu]] we bwatuukira mu 2024. Eggwanga lino kkiise mu [[ery'enkalakkalira mu lukiiko lw'amawanga amagatte olw'ebyokwerinda]]<ref>{{cite web |date=June 28, 2022 |title=Where is the G7 Headed? |url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/where-g7-headed |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718145403/https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/where-g7-headed |archive-date=July 18, 2022 |access-date=July 15, 2022 |work=[[Council on Foreign Relations]] |location=New York City}}</ref> era nga mwe muli [[ekitebe ky'ekibiina ky'Amawanga Amagatte]]. Amerika mmemba w'ebibiina bya gavumenti ebya [[G7]],<ref>{{cite web |date=June 28, 2022 |title=Where is the G7 Headed? |url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/where-g7-headed |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718145403/https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/where-g7-headed |archive-date=July 18, 2022 |access-date=July 15, 2022 |work=[[Council on Foreign Relations]] |location=New York City}}</ref> [[G20]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 6, 2022 |title=The United States and G20: Building a More Peaceful, Stable, and Prosperous World Together |url=https://www.state.gov/the-united-states-and-g20-building-a-more-peaceful-stable-and-prosperous-world-together/ |access-date=July 15, 2022 |website=[[United States Department of State]]}}</ref> ne [[OECD]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our global reach |url=https://www.oecd.org/about/members-and-partners/ |access-date=July 15, 2022 |website=[[OECD]]}}</ref> [[Kumpi amawanga gonna galina ebitebe byago]] era mangi galina ba consulates (abakungu abakiikira) mu ggwanga lino. Mu ngeri y’emu, kumpi amawanga gonna gakyaza [[emisomo emitongole egy’ababaka]] ne Amerika, okuggyako [[Iran]],<ref>{{cite report|last1=Fialho|first1=Livia Pontes|last2=Wallin|first2=Matthew|title=Reaching for an Audience: U.S. Public Diplomacy Towards Iran|date=August 1, 2013|publisher=American Security Project|jstor=resrep06070}}</ref> [[North Korea]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-42351336|title=Which are the countries still talking to North Korea?|newspaper=[[BBC News]]|location=London|date=December 19, 2017|access-date=July 15, 2022|last1=Oliver|first1=Alex|last2=Graham|first2=Euan}}</ref> ne [[Bhutan]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://thediplomat.com/2014/12/the-case-for-a-stronger-bhutanese-american-relationship/|title=The Case for Stronger Bhutanese-American Ties|newspaper=[[The Diplomat (magazine)|The Diplomat]]|date=December 22, 2014|last=Ferraro|first=Matthew F.|access-date=July 15, 2022}}</ref> Wadde [[Taiwan]] terina nkolagana ntongole ya bubaka ne Amerika, ekuuma enkolagana ey’oku lusegere etali ntongole.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 28, 2022 |title=US will continue to strengthen 'unofficial ties' with Taiwan, says Harris |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3194126/us-will-continue-strengthen-unofficial-ties-taiwan-vice |access-date=September 28, 2022 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}</ref> Amerika bulijjo [[egabira Taiwan ebikozesebwa mu magye]] okuziyiza obulumbaganyi bwa China obuyinza okubaawo.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/09/22/915818283/formal-ties-with-u-s-not-for-now-says-taiwan-foreign-minister|title=Formal Ties With U.S.? Not For Now, Says Taiwan Foreign Minister|publisher=[[NPR]]|date=September 22, 2020|last=Ruwitch|first=John|access-date=July 15, 2022}}</ref> Okufaayo kw'eggwanga lino mu by'obufuzi kweyongedde okudda ku Indo-Pacific, Amerika gye yeegatta ku Quadrilateral Security Dialogue ne [[AUKUS]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saaliq |first=Sheikh |date=2026-05-26 |title=Quad ministers announce new Indo-Pacific initiatives on maritime security and energy |url=https://apnews.com/article/india-quad-rubio-1c7426e104b7663ed01a727f943c9715 |access-date=2026-05-26 |website=[[Associated Press]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Li |first=Wentong |date=2025-12-05 |title=AUKUS and the Reconfiguration of Indo-Pacific Security: An Analysis of the Trilateral Security Partnership |url=https://www.thediplomaticaffairs.com/2025/12/05/aukus-and-the-reconfiguration-of-indo-pacific-security-an-analysis-of-the-trilateral-security-partnership/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=thediplomaticaffairs.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Amerika erina "Enkolagana ey'enjawulo " [[ne Bungereza]] n'enkolagana ey'amaanyi ne [[Canada]], <ref>{{cite web |author1=Ek, Carl |last2=Fergusson |first2=Ian F. |name-list-style=amp |date=September 3, 2010 |title=Canada–U.S. Relations |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/96-397.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113064224/https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/96-397.pdf |archive-date=January 13, 2020 |access-date=August 28, 2011 |publisher=Congressional Research Service}}</ref> [[Australia (ssemazinga)|Australia]], [[New Zealand]], <ref>{{cite web |author=Vaughn, Bruce |date=May 27, 2011 |title=New Zealand: Background and Bilateral Relations with the United States |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL32876.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122111903/https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL32876.pdf |archive-date=January 22, 2021 |access-date=August 28, 2011 |publisher=Congressional Research Service}}</ref> [[Philippines]], <ref>{{cite web |author=Lum, Thomas |date=January 3, 2011 |title=The Republic of the Philippines and U.S. Interests |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33233.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813201651/https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33233.pdf |archive-date=August 13, 2021 |access-date=August 3, 2011 |publisher=Congressional Research Service}}</ref> [[Japan]], [ <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chanlett-Avery, Emma |display-authors=etal |date=June 8, 2011 |title=Japan-U.S. Relations: Issues for Congress |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33436.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113063914/https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33436.pdf |archive-date=January 13, 2020 |access-date=August 28, 2011 |publisher=Congressional Research Service}}</ref> [[South Korea]], <ref>{{cite web |last1=Manyin |first1=Mark E. |last2=Chanlett-Avery |first2=Emma |last3=Nikitin |first3=Mary Beth |date=July 8, 2011 |title=U.S.–South Korea Relations: Issues for Congress |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41481.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113064241/https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41481.pdf |archive-date=January 13, 2020 |access-date=August 28, 2011 |publisher=Congressional Research Service}}</ref> Israel, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zanotti, Jim |date=July 31, 2014 |title=Israel: Background and U.S. Relations |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL33476.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305033453/https://fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL33476.pdf |archive-date=March 5, 2019 |access-date=September 12, 2014 |publisher=Congressional Research Service}}</ref> n'amawanga agawerako ag'omukago gwa Bulaaya nga [[Bufalansa]], [[Yitale]], [[Girimane|Girimaani]], [[Spain]], ne [[Poland–United States relations|Poland]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 20, 2021 |title=U.S. Relations With Poland |url=https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-poland/ |access-date=June 19, 2023 |website=State.gov}}</ref> Amerika ekolagana nnyo n'emikwano gyayo egya [[NATO]] ku nsonga z'amagye n'ebyokwerinda by'eggwanga, era n'amawanga agali mu Amerika ng'eyita mu kibiina ky'amawanga ga Amerika n'endagaano ya Amerika–Mexico–Canada Free Trade Agreement . Amerika ekozesa obuyinza obujjuvu mu by'okwerinda mu nsi yonna n'obuvunaanyizibwa ku [[Micronesia]], [[ebizinga bya Marshall]] ne [[Palau]] ng'eyita mu ndagaano ya Compact of Free Association.<ref name="FedJud2">{{cite news|title=Beyond politics: Why Supreme Court justices are appointed for life|first=Roger|last=Cossack|url=https://archives.cnn.com/2000/LAW/07/columns/cossack.scotus.07.12/|work=CNN|date=July 13, 2000|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712085825/https://archives.cnn.com/2000/LAW/07/columns/cossack.scotus.07.12|archive-date=July 12, 2012}}</ref> Eyongedde okukola enkolagana ey’ekigendererwa ne [[Buyindi]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=INDO- PACIFIC STRATEGY OF THE UNITED STATES |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/U.S.-Indo-Pacific-Strategy.pdf |access-date=February 3, 2022 |publisher=White House}}</ref> ate ng’enkolagana yaayo ne China yeeyongera okukendeera.<ref>{{cite report|last=Meidan|first=Michal|title=US-China: The Great Decoupling|date=July 1, 2019|publisher=[[Oxford Institute for Energy Studies]]|jstor=resrep33982}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bala |first=Sumathi |date=March 28, 2023 |title=U.S.-China relations are going downhill with 'no trust' on either side, Stephen Roach says |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/03/28/us-china-ties-on-dangerous-path-with-no-trust-on-both-sides-roach-cohen.html |access-date=May 7, 2023 |publisher=CNBC |language=en}}</ref> Okutandika ne 2014, Amerika yali efuuse omukwano omukulu ogwa Ukraine. <ref>{{cite news|last1=Rumer|first1=Eugene|last2=Sokolsky|first2=Richard|url=https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2019/06/thirty-years-of-us-policy-toward-russia-can-the-vicious-circle-be-broken?lang=en|title=Thirty Years of U.S. Policy Toward Russia: Can the Vicious Circle Be Broken?|newspaper=[[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace]]|location=Washington, D.C.|date=June 20, 2019|access-date=July 14, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Macias |first=Amanda |date=June 17, 2022 |title=Here's a look at the $5.6 billion in firepower the U.S. has committed to Ukraine in its fight against Russia |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/06/17/russia-ukraine-war-summary-of-weapons-us-has-given-to-ukraine.html |access-date=September 28, 2022 |publisher=CNBC |language=en}}</ref> == Amaje gaayo == Pulezidenti ye [[Commander-in-Chief of the United States|muduumizi w’amagye ow'okuntikko]] mu Amerika era yaalonda abakulembeze baago, [[United States Secretary of Defense|omuwandiisi w’ebyokwerinda]] n’abakulira bann[[Joint Chiefs of Staff|amagye]] . [[United States Department of Defense|Ekitongole ky’ebyokwerinda]], ekitebe kyayo kiri ku [[The Pentagon|Pentagon]] okumpi ne Washington, DC, nga kino kiddukanya amatabi ataano ku mukaaga ag’obuweereza, nga gano galimu [[United States Army|eggye lya Amerika]], [[United States Marine Corps|Marine Corps]], [[United States Navy|Navy]], [[United States Air Force|Air Force]], ne [[United States Space Force|Space Force]] . <ref>{{cite web |title=Our Forces |url=https://www.war.gov/about/our-forces |access-date=July 12, 2024 |publisher=[[United States Department of Defense]]}}</ref> [[United States Coast Guard|Abakuumi b’oku nnyanja]] baddukanyizibwa [[United States Department of Homeland Security|ekitongole ky’ebyokwerinda mu ggwanga]] mu biseera by’emirembe era nga basobola okukyusibwa ne batwalibwa mu [[United States Department of the Navy|kitongole ky’amagye g’oku mazzi]] mu biseera by’olutalo.<ref>{{cite web |last=Lindsay |first=James M. |date=August 4, 2021 |title=Happy 231st Birthday to the United States Coast Guard! |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/happy-231st-birthday-united-states-coast-guard |access-date=July 16, 2022 |publisher=[[Council on Foreign Relations]] |quote=During peacetime it is part of the Department of Homeland Security. During wartime, or when the president or Congress so direct, it becomes part of the Department of Defense and is included in the Department of the Navy. |location=New York City}}</ref> Amagye gonna awamu gali nga akakadde 1.3 nga bano be bakola obutereevu okwo n'oteekako ne 400,000 ab'okwekuumisa. Amagye ga Amerika wangi gatwalibwa ng’amagye agasinga amaanyi era ag’omulembe mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite news|date=January 27, 2012|title=United States country profile|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-16761057|access-date=July 6, 2025|work=BBC News|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last1=Ryan|first1=Missy|last2=Jeong|first2=Andrew|last3=Masih|first3=Niha|last4=Sands|first4=Leo|last5=Somasundaram|first5=Praveena|last6=Wu|first6=Daniel|last7=Haspel|first7=Tamar|last8=Dougherty|first8=Jesse|last9=Nusbaum|first9=Spencer|date=April 1, 2021|title=The U.S. system created the world's most advanced military. Can it maintain an edge?|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/china-us-military-technology/2021/03/31/acc2d9f4-866c-11eb-8a67-f314e5fcf88d_story.html|access-date=July 6, 2025|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> Amerika yasaasaanya obuwumbi bwa ddoola 954 ku magye gaayo mu 2025, guno muwendo ogusinga obunji mu nsi yonna, nga zikola ebitundu 33% ku nsaasaanya y’amagye mu nsi yonna era nga zikola ebitundu 3.1% ku nnyingiza y’eggwanga lino.'''''<ref name="SIPRI-20202">{{Cite web |date=April 2026 |title=Trends in Military Expenditure 2025 |url=https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2026-04/2604_milex_2025.pdf#page=2 |access-date=26 April 2026 |publisher=[[Stockholm International Peace Research Institute]]}}</ref>''''' Amerika erina ebitundu 42% ku by’okulwanyisa bya nukiriya mu nsi yonna nga ekwata ekifo ekyokubiri oluvannyuma lw’eya Russia.<ref name="Stockholm International Peace Research Institute-20242">{{Cite web |date=June 17, 2024 |title=Role of nuclear weapons grows as geopolitical relations deteriorate—new SIPRI Yearbook out now {{!}} SIPRI |url=https://www.sipri.org/media/press-release/2024/role-nuclear-weapons-grows-geopolitical-relations-deteriorate-new-sipri-yearbook-out-now |access-date=June 18, 2024 |website=Stockholm International Peace Research Institute |language=en}}</ref> Amerika erina amagye agakwata ekifo eky'okusatu mu bunene, nga eddirira amagye ga [[People's Liberation Army|China People's Liberation Army]] [[Indian Armed Forces|n'amagye ga Buyindi]]. Ng’oggyeeko omukutu omunene ogw’enkambi z’amagye ku ttaka lyayo, Amerika ekuuma ebifo ebirala nga 800 okwetoloola ensi yonna,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harris |first=Johnny |date=May 18, 2015 |title=Why does the US have 800 military bases around the world? |url=https://www.vox.com/2015/5/18/8600659/military-bases-united-states |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924114313/https://www.vox.com/2015/5/18/8600659/military-bases-united-states |archive-date=September 24, 2020 |access-date=September 23, 2020 |website=Vox}}</ref> era eteeka abakozi abasukka mu 100 abakola emirimu mu buli emu ku nsi 25 ez’ebweru.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 31, 2010 |title=Active Duty Military Personnel Strengths by Regional Area and by Country (309A) |url=https://siadapp.dmdc.osd.mil/personnel/MILITARY/history/hst1003.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724211511/https://siadapp.dmdc.osd.mil/personnel/MILITARY/history/hst1003.pdf |archive-date=July 24, 2013 |access-date=October 7, 2010 |publisher=Department of Defense}}</ref> Amerika yeenyigira mu bikolwa by’amagye ebisukka mu 400 okuva lwe yatandikibwawo mu 1776, nga ebitundu ebisukka mu kitundu ku bino byaliwo wakati wa 1950 ne 2019 ate 25% byaliwo mu mulembe ogw’oluvannyuma lw’olutalo olw’endowooza. [[Amagye g’amasaza|Amagye g’amasaa]] oba [[State defense forces]] (SDFs) bibinja by’amagye ebikola wansi w’obuyinza bwa gavumenti y’essaza yokka. SDFs zikkirizibwa mu mateeka g'amasaza ne federo naye nga ziduumirwa [[gavana w'essaza]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 17, 2024 |title=StateDefenseForce.com |url=https://statedefenseforce.com/ |website=StateDefenseForce.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=State Guard Association of the United States – Supporting the State Defense Forces of the United States |url=https://sgaus.org/ |website=sgaus.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=32 U.S. Code § 109 - Maintenance of other troops |url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/32/109 |website=LII / Legal Information Institute}}</ref> Okwawukana ku ekyo, ebibiina 54 [[eby’abakuumi b’eggwanga lya Amerika|ey’abakuumi b’eggwanga lya Amerika]] [ r ] bigwa wansi w’obuyinza obubiri obwa gavumenti z’amasaza oba ez’ebitundu ne gavumenti eya federo ; ebibinja byabwe nabyo zisobola okufuuka ebitongole ebya federo, naye SDF teziyinza kufuuka za federo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Guard: FAQ |url=https://www.nationalguard.mil/About-the-Guard/Army-National-Guard/FAQ/ |access-date=August 23, 2025 |publisher=[[United States National Guard]] |archive-date=September 9, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250909195612/https://www.nationalguard.mil/About-the-Guard/Army-National-Guard/FAQ/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Abakozi mu by'okwerinda ab'eggwanga oba ab'essaza oba ekitundu basobola okufuuka aba federo nga kino kikolebwa pulezidenti wansi w'ennongoosereza mu [[tteeka ly'ebyokwerinda mu ggwanga erya 1933]] ; etteeka lino lyatonda ekitongole ky’ebyokwerinda era ligatta ebibinja by’abakuumi b’eggwanga n’abakuumi b’omu bbanga n’abakozi mu magye ga Amerika ne (okuva mu 1947) eggye ly’omu bbanga erya Amerika.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2013 |title=Legal Basis of the National Guard |url=http://www.arng.army.mil/aboutus/history/Pages/ConstitutionalCharteroftheGuard.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521130934/http://www.arng.army.mil/aboutus/history/Pages/ConstitutionalCharteroftheGuard.aspx |archive-date=May 21, 2013 |access-date=May 17, 2013 |publisher=Army National Guard}}</ref> Omuwendo gwonna ogwa bammemba ba National Guard guli nga 430,000, ate nga amaanyi ga SDFs agabalirirwamu omugatte oguli wansi w'omu 10,000. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=2023 Demographics Profile of the Military Community |url=https://download.militaryonesource.mil/12038/MOS/Reports/2023-demographics-report.pdf |access-date=May 18, 2026 |website=Military OneSource}}</ref> == Okukwasisa amateeka n’okunoonya obwenkanya ku misango == Mu Amerika mulimu ebitongole bya poliisi mu nga 18,000 okuva ku mutendera gw’ekitundu okutuuka ku mutendera gw’eggwanga lyonna. Amateeka mu Amerika gasinga kussibwa mu nkola ebitongole bya poliisi eby’omu kitundu n’ebitongole bya [[sheriff]] mu bitundu byabwe ebya munisipaali oba mu masaza. Ebitongole bya [[poliisi mu ssaza]] birina obuyinza mu ssaza lyabyo, era ebitongole bya federo nga [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) ne [[US Marshals Service]] birina obuyinza bw’eggwanga n’emirimu egy’enjawulo, gamba ng’okukuuma [[eddembe ly’obuntu]], ebyokwerinda by’eggwanga, okussa mu nkola ensala za [[kkooti za Amerika eza federo]] n’amateeka ga federo, n’emirimu gy’obumenyi bw’amateeka wakati w’amasaza. <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Federal Law Enforcement Agencies, Who Governs & What They Do |url=https://www.chiff.com/police/federal-police-agencies.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140210040432/https://www.chiff.com/police/federal-police-agencies.htm |archive-date=February 10, 2014 |access-date=November 10, 2021 |publisher=Chiff.com}}</ref> [[Kkooti z’amasaza]] zikola kumpi emisango gyonna egy'abantu baabulijjo n'abamenyi b'amateeka, ate kkooti za federo zisala emisango emitono ennyo egy'abantu baabulijjo n'abamenyi b'amateeka egyekuusa ku mateeka ga federo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 7, 2014 |title=Introduction To The Federal Court System |url=https://www.justice.gov/usao/justice-101/federal-courts |access-date=July 14, 2022 |website=[[United States Attorney]] |publisher=[[United States Department of Justice]]}}</ref> Mu Amerika mulimu ebitongole bya poliisi mu nga 18,000 okuva ku mutendera gw’ekitundu okutuuka ku mutendera gw’eggwanga lyonna. Amateeka mu Amerika gasinga kussibwa mu nkola ebitongole bya poliisi eby’omu kitundu n’ebitongole [[Sheriffs in the United States|bya sheriff]] mu bitundu byabwe ebya munisipaali oba mu masaza. Ebitongole bya [[State police (United States)|poliisi mu ssaza]] [[Police power (United States constitutional law)|birina obuyinza mu ssaza lyabyo]], era [[Federal law enforcement in the United States|ebitongole bya federo]] nga [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) ne [[United States Marshals Service|US Marshals Service]] birina obuyinza bw’eggwanga n’emirimu egy’enjawulo, gamba ng’okukuuma [[Civil rights|eddembe ly’obuntu]], [[National security of the United States|ebyokwerinda by’eggwanga]], okussa mu nkola ensala za [[U.S. federal courts|kkooti za Amerika eza federo]] n’amateeka ga federo, n’emirimu gy’obumenyi bw’amateeka wakati w’amasaza. <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Federal Law Enforcement Agencies, Who Governs & What They Do |url=https://www.chiff.com/police/federal-police-agencies.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140210040432/https://www.chiff.com/police/federal-police-agencies.htm |archive-date=February 10, 2014 |access-date=November 10, 2021 |publisher=Chiff.com}}</ref> [[State court (United States)|Kkooti z’amasaza]] zikola kumpi emisango gyonna egy'abantu baabulijjo n'abamenyi b'amateeka, ate kkooti za federo [[Subject-matter jurisdiction|zisala emisango emitono ennyo egy'abantu baabulijjo n'abamenyi b'amateeka egyekuusa ku mateeka ga federo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 7, 2014 |title=Introduction To The Federal Court System |url=https://www.justice.gov/usao/justice-101/federal-courts |access-date=July 14, 2022 |website=[[United States Attorney]] |publisher=[[United States Department of Justice]]}}</ref> Wadde nga waliwo enkola ez’enjawulo ez’okusiba abantu, ebitongole bina ebikulu bye bifuga: amakomera ga federo, amakomera g’amasaza, amakomera g’omu kitundu, n’ebifo [[awagunjulirwa abaana abato]] . <ref name="National Academies Press-2014">{{Cite book |date=April 24, 2014 |title=The Growth of Incarceration in the United States: Exploring Causes and Consequences |url=http://www.nap.edu/catalog/18613 |publisher=National Academies Press |isbn=978-0-309-29801-8 |location=Washington, D.C. |bibcode=2014nap..book18613N |doi=10.17226/18613}}</ref> Amakomera ga federo gaddukanyizibwa ekitongole ky'amakomera ekiyitibwa [[Federal Bureau of Prisons]] era nga gakwata abasibe nga tebannawozesebwa wamu n’abantu abasingisiddwa emisango gya federo. <ref name="National Academies Press-2014" /> Amakomera g’amasaza, agaddukanyizibwa ekitongole ky’okutereeza abantu mu buli ssaza, gakwata abantu abasaliddwa ebibonerezo era n’okusibwa (ebiseera ebisinga okumala omwaka gumu) olw’emisango eminene. <ref name="National Academies Press-2014" /> Amakomera g’omu kitundu bye bifo by’amasaza oba munisipaali ebisiba abawawaabirwa nga tebannawozesebwa; era bakwata abo abamala ebibonerezo ebimpi (ebiseera ebisinga nga tebannaweza mwaka mulamba). <ref name="National Academies Press-2014" /> Ebifo ebitereeza abaana abato biddukanyizibwa gavumenti z’ebitundu oba ez’amasaza era bikola ng’ebifo eby’ekiseera ekiwanvu eri omwana yenna [[omuto asaliddwawo ng’abadde akola emisango]] era n’alagirwa omulamuzi okusibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Foundation |first=The Annie E. Casey |date=November 14, 2020 |title=Juvenile Detention Explained |url=https://www.aecf.org/blog/what-is-juvenile-detention |access-date=July 6, 2023 |website=The Annie E. Casey Foundation |language=en}}</ref> Mu Gwolubereberye 2023, Amerika ye yali ekwata ekifo eky’omukaaga mu nsi yonna mu kusiba abantu era nga erina bantu 531 ku buli bantu baamu 100,000 era nga ye yali esinga obunene mu makomera n’amakomera mu nsi yonna, ng’abantu abasoba mu bukadde 1.9 be basibibwa.<ref name="Sawyer-2025">{{Cite web |last=Sawyer |first=Wendy |last2=Wagner |first2=Peter |date=March 11, 2025 |title=Mass Incarceration: The Whole Pie 2025 |url=https://www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/pie2025.html |access-date=May 19, 2025 |website=Prison Policy Initiative |language=en}}</ref> <ref>[http://www.prisonstudies.org/country/united-states-america United States of America].</ref><ref name="WorldPrisonBrief">[https://web.archive.org/web/20231118142542/https://www.prisonstudies.org/highest-to-lowest/prison-population-total Highest to Lowest].</ref>[[World Health Organization|​]] [[Gun deaths in the United States|Okwekenneenya kwakolebwa ekitongole ky'ensi yonna ekikola ku By'obulamu]] nga kikozesa obubaka obukwata ku kufa okugeza okuva okuva mu 2010 kyalaga nti okuttingana mu maka kwali kwekubisizzaamu emirundi mukaaga okusinga ku kw'omumawanga agayingiza ennyonga kino kireetebwa okuttingana n'emmundu omuwendo kwagwo okwalinnya okutuuka mu muwendo gwa mirundi 25 okusingawo". Enkola y'amateeka mu ggwanga lino abamu ku bannassaayansi b'ebyobufuzi n'abakugu mu by'amateeka bagiteeka mu kibinja ky'abakoera wansi w'enkola ya "partial [[rule of law]] ", okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okw'emirundi ebiri okw'omu 2026 okwakolebwa [[Bright Line Watch]] ne [[London School of Economics]].<ref name=":53">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> == Ebyenfuna byayo == Amerika erina ebyenfuna ebyebika ebibiri ebikulaakulana ennyo,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moffatt |first=Mike |date=January 27, 2020 |title=A Mixed Economy: The Role of the Market |url=https://www.thoughtco.com/overview-of-a-mixed-economy-1147547 |access-date=May 30, 2025 |website=ThoughtCo |language=en |quote="The US has a mixed economy because both private businesses and the government are important."}}</ref> ebibadde ebisinga obunene mu nsi yonna mu bwatiikirivu okuva nga 1890 . Ennyingiza yaayo mu 2024 [ e ] eyali esukka mu buwumbi bwa ddoola 29<ref>{{Cite web |title=United States Datasets |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/USA |access-date=February 10, 2025 |website=International Monetary Fund}}</ref> yakola ebitundu ebisukka mu 25% ku bifulumizibwa mu by’enfuna by’ensi yonna, oba 15% ku bungi bw’amaanyi g’okugula (PPP). Okuva mu 1983 okutuuka mu 2008, okukula kwa GDP okwa Amerika okwa ddala okwagattibwa buli mwaka kwali 3.3%, bw’ogeraageranya n’obuzito bwa 2.3% mu bitundu ebirala ebya [[G7]] . Eggwanga likwata ekifo ekisooka mu nsi yonna okusinziira ku kweyongera kw'ennyingiza<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 30, 2023 |title=Gross Domestic Product, Fourth Quarter and Year 2022 (Third Estimate), GDP by Industry, and Corporate Profits |url=https://www.bea.gov/news/2023/gross-domestic-product-fourth-quarter-and-year-2022-third-estimate-gdp-industry-and |website=U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis |publisher=[[United States Department of Commerce|U.S. Department of Commerce]]}}</ref> ekwata kyakubiri bwe kitereezebwa okusinziira ku miwendo gy’amaanyi g’okugula (PPP), ate mu kifo kya mwenda okusinziira ku nnyingiza ya ssekinnoomu. Mu Gwokubiri 2024, ebbanja lyonna erya gavumenti eya wakati wa Amerika lyali obuwumbi bwa ddoola 34.4.<ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Ku kkampuni 500 ezisinga obunene mu nsi yonna okusinziira ku nfuna yaazo, [[138 zaali n’ebibebe byazo mu Amerika]] mu 2025,<ref name="Fortune-2025">{{Cite web |title=Global 500 |url=https://fortune.com/ranking/global500/ |access-date=October 25, 2025 |website=[[Fortune Global 500]] |language=en}}</ref> omuwendo ogusinga obunene mu nsi yonna. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hyam |first=Benji |date=November 29, 2023 |title=Most Profitable Companies: U.S. vs. Rest of the World, 2023 |url=https://www.growandconvert.com/research/most-profitable-fortune-500-companies-in-2023/ |access-date=July 16, 2024 |website=www.growandconvert.com |language=en-US}}</ref> [[United States dollar|Ddoola ya Amerika]] ye ssente esinga okukozesebwa [[mu nkolagana y'ensi yonna]] era ye ssente esinga mu nsi yonna okuterekebwa, nga ekyo kiva ku maanyi g'ebyenfuna by'eggwanga, [[United States Armed Forces|amagye gaayo]], enkola ya [[petrodollar]], akatale kaayo akanene ak'eggwanika lya Amerika, ne [[Eurodollar]] yaayo ekwatagana. <ref name="federalreserve.gov">{{Cite web |title=The Implementation of Monetary Policy – The Federal Reserve in the International Sphere |url=http://www.federalreserve.gov/pf/pdf/pf_4.pdf |access-date=August 24, 2010}}</ref> Amawanga agawerako gagikozesa nga ssente zaago entongole, ate mu ndala ye [[De facto currency|ssente ''entuufu'']]. <ref name="Benjamin J. Cohen 2006, p. 17">Benjamin J. Cohen, ''The Future of Money'', Princeton University Press, 2006, {{ISBN|978-0-691-11666-2}}; ''cf''.</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 31, 2014 |title=US GDP Growth Rate by Year |url=http://www.multpl.com/us-gdp-growth-rate/table/by-year |access-date=June 18, 2014 |website=multpl.com |publisher=US Bureau of Economic Analysis}}</ref> Amerika erina endagaano z'ebyobusuubuzi eby'eddembe n'amawanga agawerako omuli ne USMCA . <ref>{{Cite web |title=United States free trade agreements |url=https://ustr.gov/trade-agreements/free-trade-agreements |access-date=May 31, 2019 |website=[[Office of the United States Trade Representative]]}}</ref> Newankubadde nga Amerika etuuse ku ddaala ery’enkulaakulana y’ebyenfuna oluvannyuma lw’okukulaakulanya amakolero,<ref name="Collins-2023">{{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Michael |date=August 11, 2023 |title=The Post-Industrial Service Economy Isn't Working for the Middle Class |url=https://www.industryweek.com/the-economy/data-and-statistics/article/21271497/the-post-industrial-service-economy-isnt-working |access-date=August 10, 2024 |website=[[IndustryWeek]] |language=en}}</ref> era etera okuyogerwako ng’erina ebyenfuna by’obuweereza,<ref name="Collins-2023" /><ref name="Econ">{{Cite web |title=USA Economy in Brief |url=https://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/economy-in-brief/page3.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080312123609/https://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/economy-in-brief/page3.html |archive-date=March 12, 2008 |publisher=U.S. Dept. of State, International Information Programs}}</ref> ekyali y'amaanyi mu by’amakolero<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2010 |title=The State of Manufacturing in the United States |url=http://trade.gov/manufactureamerica/facts/tg_mana_003019.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130226011512/http://trade.gov/manufactureamerica/facts/tg_mana_003019.asp |archive-date=February 26, 2013 |access-date=March 10, 2013 |publisher=International Trade Administration}}</ref> nga mu 2024, ekitongole ky’amakolero mu Amerika kyali kyakubiri mu nsi yonna mu bunene mu kwongera muwendo ku bifuluma oluvannyuma lwa [[China]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manufacturing, Value Added (Current US$) |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NV.IND.MANF.CD?most_recent_value_desc=true |access-date=October 25, 2025 |publisher=[[World Bank]]}}</ref> [[Ekibuga New York]] kye [[kifo ekikulu eky'ebyensimbi]] mu nsi yonna,<ref /><ref name="NYCFintechAndFinancialCapitalWorld">{{Cite web |date=March 21, 2024 |title=The Global Financial Centres Index 35 |url=https://www.longfinance.net/publications/long-finance-reports/the-global-financial-centres-index-35/ |access-date=May 1, 2024 |publisher=Long Finance}}</ref> era ekitundu kyakyo ekinene kye [[List of cities by GDP|kisinga obunene mu by'enfuna]] mu nsi yonna.<ref name="NYCEpicenterUSMetroEconomy">{{Cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Iman |date=September 24, 2020 |title=This 3D map shows the U.S. cities with the highest economic output |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/09/united-states-america-economic-output-new-york-la/ |access-date=March 5, 2023 |publisher=World Economic Forum |quote=The New York metro area dwarfs all other cities for economic output by a large margin.}}</ref> [[New York Stock Exchange]] ne [[Nasdaq]], zombi ezisangibwa mu kibuga New York, ze [[List of stock exchanges|zisinga obunene]] mu nsi yonna okusinziira ku katale n'ebyensimbi [[n'obusuubuzi]].<ref /><ref name="sfc.hk">[http://www.sfc.hk/web/doc/EN/research/stat/a01.pdf Table A – Market Capitalization of the World's Top Stock Exchanges (As at end of June 2012)].</ref> Amerika eri ku mwanjo mu nkulaakulana ya tekinologiya n'obuyiiya mu bintu bingi eby'ebyenfuna naddala mu [[Artificial intelligence|by'obwakalimagezi]]; [[eby'amasannyalaze]] ne kompyuta; n'eddagala ly'ebyobujjanjabi; n’ebikozesebwa mu by’obujjanjabi, eby’omu bwengula [[Military equipment|n’eby’amagye]].<ref name="CIA-2018">{{Cite web |title=The World Factbook: United States |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-states/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107073924/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-states/ |archive-date=January 7, 2021 |access-date=November 10, 2018 |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Ebyenfuna by'eggwanga bifukibwako amafuta olw'eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka ebingi, [[Infrastructure policy of the United States|ebikozesebwa]] ebikulaakulanye obulungi, n'ebibala bingi.<ref name="Wright, Gavin 2007 p. 185">Wright, Gavin, and Jesse Czelusta, "Resource-Based Growth Past and Present", in ''Natural Resources: Neither Curse Nor Destiny'', ed.</ref> Abasinga okusuubulagana ne Amerika b'eboomu mukago [[gwa Bulaaya]], Mexico, Canada, China, Japan, South Korea, Bungereza, Vietnam, Buyindi, ne Taiwan.<ref /> Amerika ye nsi esinga okuyingiza ebintu mu nsi yonna era y'ekwata ekifo ekyokubiri mu kufulumya ebweru . [ s ] Ye nsi esinga okutunda obuweereza ebweru w'eggwanga mu nsi yonna.<ref /> Abamerika be basinga [[List of countries by average wage|okuyingiza ssente]] mu [[Household income|maka]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Income |url=http://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/topics/income/ |access-date=September 28, 2019 |website=Better Life Index |publisher=OECD |quote=In the United States, the average household net adjusted disposable income per capita is USD 45 284 a year, much higher than the OECD average of USD 33 604 and the highest figure in the OECD.}}</ref> n’abakozi mu mawanga agali mu mukago gwa OECD, era be basinga [[Median income|okuyingiza ssente mu maka era baali mu kifo]] kyakuna mu 2023, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Median Income by Country 2023 |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/median-income-by-country/ |access-date=July 28, 2023 |website=Wisevoter |language=en-US}}</ref> okuva mu kifo eky’omukaaga mu 2013.<ref name="Household Income">{{Cite journal |date=March 18, 2014 |title=Society at a Glance 2014 |url=http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issues-migration-health/society-at-a-glance-2014_soc_glance-2014-en |journal=Society at a Glance 2014: OECD Social Indicators |publisher=OECD Publishing |doi=10.1787/soc_glance-2014-en |isbn=978-92-64-20072-2 |access-date=May 29, 2014 |doi-access=free |archive-date=May 28, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528162558/http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issues-migration-health/society-at-a-glance-2014_soc_glance-2014-en |url-status=dead}}</ref> Nga [[Consumer spending|ensaasaanya y’ensimbi]] z’omuntu ku buwumbi bwa doola ezisukka mu buwumbi 18.5 mu 2023,<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 28, 2024 |title=Personal Consumption Expenditures |url=https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/PCECA |access-date=July 24, 2024 |website=fred.stlouisfed.org |language=en}}</ref> Amerika erina nnyo ssente [[Consumer economy|ezitambulira mu baguzi]] nga bano beebaaatambuza [[Consumer economy|ebyenfuna]] era nga ye [[List of largest consumer markets|katale akasinga obunene mu nsi yonna abakozesa]]. Amerika [[List of countries by number of billionaires|yasooka mu muwendo gwa ba buwumbi]] [[List of countries by number of millionaires|n’obukadde]] bwa ddoola mu 2023, nga balina obuwumbi 735 ne kumpi obukadde 22.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Napoletano |first=E. |date=October 20, 2023 |title=Here's How Many Billionaires And Millionaires Live In The U.S. – Forbes Advisor |url=https://www.forbes.com/advisor/retirement/how-many-billionaires-and-millionaires-live-in-the-u-s/#:~:text=As%20of%202023,%20there%20are,your%20own%20definition%20of%20wealth. |access-date=November 20, 2023 |website=Forbes}}</ref> [[Obugagga mu Amerika]] bungi nnyo; mu 2011, abantu abakulu 10% abaasinga obugagga baalina ebitundu 72% ku bugagga bw’amaka g’eggwanga, ate ebitundu 50% ebya wansi baalina ebitundu 2% byokka. Obutali bwenkanya mu by’obugagga mu Amerika bweyongera nnyo okuva ku nkomerero y’emyaka gya 1980, era obutafaanagana mu nfuna mu Amerika bwatuuka ku likodi mu 2019. <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2024, eggwanga lino lyalina ebimu ku bisinga obunene mu bugagga n’ennyingiza mu mawanga ga [[OECD]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 20, 2024 |title=Society at a glance 2024: OECD social indicators |url=https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/society-at-a-glance-2024_918d8db3-en/full-report/income-and-wealth-inequalities_7ac4178f.html |access-date=April 12, 2025 |website=OECD}}</ref> Okuva mu myaka gya 1970, wabaddewo okukutula kw’amagoba g’emisaala gya Amerika okuva ku kukola kw’abakozi.<ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Waaliwo abantu nga 771,480 abatalina mwasirizi mu Amerika mu 2024.<ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2022, abaana obukadde 6.4 baafuna obutaba na mmere emala. <ref name="ers.usda.gov">{{Cite web |title=USDA ERS – Key Statistics & Graphics |url=http://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/food-nutrition-assistance/food-security-in-the-us/key-statistics-graphics |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119024909/https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/food-nutrition-assistance/food-security-in-the-us/key-statistics-graphics.aspx |archive-date=January 19, 2020 |access-date=December 4, 2019 |website=ers.usda.gov}}</ref> Ekitongole kya [[Feeding America]] kyabalirira nti abaana nga omu ku buli bataano, oba obukadde nga 13, bafuna enjala mu Amerika era tebamanyi wa oba ddi lwe banaafuna emmere yaabwe eddako. <ref name="FactsAbout">{{Cite web |title=Facts About Child Hunger in America {{!}} Feeding America |url=https://www.feedingamerica.org/hunger-in-america/child-hunger-facts |access-date=December 4, 2019 |website=feedingamerica.org}}</ref> Era mu mwaka gwa 2022, abantu nga obukadde 37.9, oba 11.5% ku bantu ba Amerika, baali babeera mu bwavu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Poverty in America Awareness Month: January 2023 |url=https://www.census.gov/newsroom/stories/poverty-awareness-month.html |website=Census.gov}}</ref> Amerika erina eggwanga ettono [[Welfare state|eririmu abantu abatali mu jmbeera nnungi]] era eddaamu okugabanya ensimbi entono okuyita mu bikolwa bya gavumenti okusinga [[World Bank high-income economy|amawanga amalala agasinga obungi agafuna ssente ennyingi]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joumard |first=Isabelle |last2=Pisu |first2=Mauro |last3=Bloch |first3=Debbie |year=2012 |title=Tackling income inequality The role of taxes and transfers |url=https://www.oecd.org/eco/public-finance/TacklingincomeinequalityTheroleoftaxesandtransfers.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513203915/https://www.oecd.org/eco/public-finance/TacklingincomeinequalityTheroleoftaxesandtransfers.pdf |archive-date=2014-05-13 |access-date=May 21, 2015 |publisher=OECD |url-status=live }}</ref> Lye gwanga lyokka elirina enkulaakulana eyaawaggulu era nga abakozi mu lyo ekyokubeera nga bausasulwa mu mpumula kyabulijjo, <ref>{{Cite news|date=The United States is the only advanced economy that does not federally mandate any paid vacation days or holidays.}}</ref>[[Parental leave in the United States|​]] wamu n'okuba erimu ku mawanga amatono agatalina ky'akusasula bantu bagenda mu kuwumulamu ko okuva ku mirimu ne famire zaabwe nga tteeka.<ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Amerika erina ebitundu by’abakozi [[Working class in the United States|abafuna]] ssente entono okusinga kumpi ensi endala zonna ezaakulaakulana, okusinga olw’enkola ennafu [[Collective bargaining|ey’okuteesa okw’omuggundu]] n’obutaba na buwagizi bwa gavumenti eri abakozi abali mu bulabe.<ref>{{cite news|last=Van Dam|first=Andrew|date=July 4, 2018|title=Is it great to be a worker in the U.S.? Not compared with the rest of the developed world.|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2018/07/04/is-it-great-to-be-a-worker-in-the-u-s-not-compared-to-the-rest-of-the-developed-world/?noredirect=on|access-date=July 12, 2018}}</ref> == Sayansi ne tekinologiya waayo == Amerika ebadde ekulembedde mu kuyiiya okwa tekinologiya okuva ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’ekkumi n’omwenda n’okunoonyereza kwa ssaayansi okuva mu makkati g’ekyasa eky’amakumi abiri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mowery |first=David |title=Technological Change and the Evolution of the U.S. "National Innovation System", 1880-1990 |url=https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/en/articles/technological-change-and-the-evolution-of-the-u-s-national-innovation-system-1880-1990/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127224449/https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/en/articles/technological-change-and-the-evolution-of-the-u-s-national-innovation-system-1880-1990/ |archive-date=January 27, 2022 |access-date=July 10, 2024 |website=OpenMind |language=en-US}}</ref> Enkola z’okukola ebitundu ebikyusibwakyusibwa n’okutandikawo amakolero g’ebyuma ebikozesebwa mu byuma byasobozesa okukola ebintu mu Amerika mu bungi ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’ekkumi n’omwenda. Ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa eky'amakumi abiri, okussa amasannyalaze mu makolero, okuleetebwawo kwa layini y'okukuŋŋaanya, n'obukodyo obulala obw'okukekkereza abakozi byatonda enkola y'okufulumya ebintu mu bungi.<ref>{{Hounshell1984}}.</ref> Mu kyasa 21, Amerika ekyagenda mu maaso okuba emu ku mawanga agasinga mu nsi yonna mu bya ssaayansi, wadde nga China evuddeyo ng’evuganya ennyo mu bintu ebingi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. science no longer leads the world. Here's how top advisers say the nation should respond |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/u-s-science-no-longer-leads-world-here-s-how-top-advisers-say-nation-should-respond |access-date=February 10, 2025 |website=www.science.org |language=en}}</ref> Amerika y’esinga okusaasaanya ssente mu kunoonyereza n’enkulaakulana okusinga ensi yonna endala,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desjardins |first=Jeff |date=December 18, 2018 |title=Innovators wanted: these countries spend the most on R&D |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/12/how-much-countries-spend-on-r-d/ |access-date=May 22, 2024 |website=www.weforum.org}}</ref> era eri mu kifo kya mwenda okusinziira ku nnyingiza.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fleming |first=Sean |date=November 16, 2020 |title=These countries spend the most on research and development |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/11/countries-spending-research-development-gdp/ |access-date=May 22, 2024 |website=www.weforum.org}}</ref> Mu 2022, Amerika ye yali (oluvannyuma lwa China) ensi eyakwata ekifo ekyokubiri mu mpapula za ssaayansi ezifulumizibwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=SJR – International Science Ranking |url=https://www.scimagojr.com/countryrank.php?order=itp&ord=desc&year=2020 |access-date=February 5, 2022 |website=Scimagojr.com |language=en-uk}}</ref> Mu 2021, Amerika yakwata kyakubiri (nayo oluvannyuma lwa China) mu muwendo gw’okusaba patent, n’ekyokusatu mu kusaba kw’obubonero bw’obusuubuzi n’okukola dizayini yz’amakolero (oluvannyuma lwa China ne Germany), okusinziira ku [[World Intellectual Property Indicators]]. <ref>{{Cite book |last=World Intellectual Property Organization. |year=2021 |title=World Intellectual Property Indicators 2021 |url=https://www.wipo.int/publications/en/details.jsp?id=4571&plang=EN |publisher=World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) |isbn=978-92-805-3329-3 |series=World IP Indicators (WIPI) |language=en |doi=10.34667/tind.44461 |access-date=April 27, 2022}}</ref> Mu 2025 <ref>{{Cite web |title=GII Innovation Ecosystems & Data Explorer 2025 |url=https://www.wipo.int/gii-ranking/en/united-states-of-america |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=WIPO}}</ref> Amerika yakwata ekifo eky'okusatu (oluvannyuma lwa Switzerland ne Sweden) mu muwendo gw'obuyiiya mu nsi yonna . Amerika etwalibwa ng’ekulembedde mu nsi yonna mu kukulaakulanya tekinologiya wa [[Artificia Intelligence]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 21, 2024 |title=Global AI Power Rankings: Stanford HAI Tool Ranks 36 Countries in AI |url=https://hai.stanford.edu/news/global-ai-power-rankings-stanford-hai-tool-ranks-36-countries-ai |access-date=January 1, 2025 |website=hai.stanford.edu |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2023, Amerika yakwata ekifo ekyokubiri mu nsi yonna mu tekinologiya (oluvannyuma lwa South Korea) okuva mu magazini ya ''Global Finance'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Getzoff |first=Marc |date=December 1, 2023 |title=Most Technologically Advanced Countries In The World 2023 |url=https://gfmag.com/data/non-economic-data/most-advanced-countries-in-the-world/ |access-date=July 29, 2024 |website=Global Finance Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> == Okulambula kwayo mu bwengula == Amerika ekuumye enteekateeka y'obwengula okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1950, okutandika n'okutandikawo ekitongole kya [[National Aeronautics and Space Administration]] (NASA) mu 1958.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 26, 2023 |title=65 Years Ago: The National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 Creates NASA – NASA |url=https://www.nasa.gov/history/65-years-ago-the-national-aeronautics-and-space-act-of-1958-creates-nasa/#:~:text=President%20Eisenhower%20signed%20the%20National,of%20the%20International%20Geophysical%20Year. |access-date=September 6, 2024 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 4, 2024 |title=National Aeronautics and Space Administration {{!}} US Space Agency & Exploration Achievements {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/NASA |access-date=September 5, 2024 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> Mu 1961, Amerika yafuuka ensi eyookubiri (oluvannyuma lwa USSR) [[okusindika obulungi omuntu mu bwengula]] . [[Enteekateeka ya NASA eya Apollo]] (1961 &#x2013; 1972) yatuuka ku [[kugwa ku Mwezi]] okwasooka nga kuliko abakozi n’omulimu gwa [[Apollo 11]] ogwa 1969; kikyali kimu ku bikulu mu kitongole kino. <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 29, 2024 |title=Apollo {{!}} History, Missions, Significance, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Apollo-space-program |access-date=September 5, 2024 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 4, 2019 |title=The Apollo Missions |url=https://www.ibm.com/thought-leadership/the-apollo-missions/ |access-date=September 5, 2024 |website=The Apollo Missions |language=en-US}}</ref> ebirala ebyamaanyi ebyakolwa NASA mulimu pulogulaamu eyatuumibwa [[Space Shuttle program]] (1981–2011) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Space Shuttle – NASA |url=https://www.nasa.gov/space-shuttle/ |access-date=September 5, 2024 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Space Shuttle program|​]][[Voyager program|​]] ne pulogulaamu ya [[Voyager program]] (1972&#x2013;leero), eya [[Hubble]] n'eya [[James Webb]] [[space telescopes]] [[Hubble Space Telescope|​]][[James Webb Space Telescope|​]]<nowiki/>nga zino 9zaatongozebwa mu 1990 ne 2011 nga bwe zeddiringana)[[Space telescope|​]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Quick Facts |url=https://hubblesite.org/quick-facts |access-date=September 5, 2024 |website=HubbleSite |language=en}}</ref> ne wabaayo n'eyakolebwa nga erimu emirimu mingi eya [[Mars Exploration Program]] (''[[Spirit]]'', ''[[Opportunity]]'', ''[[Curiosity]]'', and ''[[Perseverance]]'') <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 12, 2024 |title=Quick Facts |url=https://webbtelescope.org/quick-facts |access-date=September 5, 2024 |website=Webb |language=en}}</ref>[[Mars Exploration Program|​]]''[[Spirit (rover)|​]][[Opportunity (rover)|​]]'', <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 27, 2008 |title=Mars Exploration – NASA Science |url=https://science.nasa.gov/planetary-science/programs/mars-exploration/ |access-date=September 5, 2024 |website=science.nasa.gov |language=en-US}}</ref> NASA kye kimu ku bitongole bitaano ebikolaganira ku kitongole ekigatta abakolera okunoonyereza mu bwebungula ekya [[International Space Station]] (ISS); <ref>{{Cite web |title=International Space Station Facts and Figures – NASA |url=https://www.nasa.gov/international-space-station/space-station-facts-and-figures/ |access-date=September 5, 2024 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ebikozesebwa Amerika byekola mu kitongole kino mulimu emirimu egiwera nga, ''[[Destiny]]'' (2001), ''[[Harmony]]'' (2007), ne ''[[Tranquility]]'' (2010), wamu n’obuyambi obugenda mu maaso mu nteekateeka n’emirimu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Howell |first=Elizabeth |date=August 24, 2022 |title=International Space Station: Facts, History & Tracking |url=https://www.space.com/16748-international-space-station.html |access-date=September 5, 2024 |website=Space.com |language=en |edition=updated, last}}</ref> Ebitongole by'obwannannyini mu Amerika bye bifuga ekisaawe ky'okutambulira mu bwengula okuvaamu ssente. <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Aba Amerika abamanyiddwa ennyo mu kukola ennyonyi mu bwengula mulimu [[Blue Origin]], [[Boeing]], [[Lockheed Martin]], [[Northrop Grumman]], ne [[SpaceX]]. Enteekateeka za NASA nga Commercial Crew Program, [[Commercial Resupply Services]], Commercial Lunar Payload Services, ne NextSTEP ziyanguyizza okwenyigiramu kw’ebitongole by’obwannannyini okweyongera mu nnyonyi z’omu bwengula mu Amerika.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Commercial Space – NASA |url=https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/commercial-space/ |access-date=September 5, 2024 |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2023, Amerika yafuna amasannyalaze gaayo ebitundu nga 84% okuva mu bisigalira oba fossil fuel, era ensibuko y’amasannyalaze gaayo esinga obunene yali [[y'amafuta ga mafuta]] (38%), n’eddirirwa [[ggaasi ow’obutonde]] (36%),eza [[renewable sources]] (9%), [[amanda]] (9%), [[n’amasannyalaze ga nukiriya]] (9%).<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. energy facts explained – consumption and production – U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) |url=https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/us-energy-facts/ |access-date=November 21, 2023 |website=eia.gov}}</ref> <ref name="visu">{{Cite web |date=March 2022 |title=Energy Flow Charts: Charting the Complex Relationships among Energy, Water, and Carbon |url=https://flowcharts.llnl.gov/ |access-date=May 16, 2023 |publisher=Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory}}</ref> Mu 2022, Amerika yakola ebitundu nga 4% ku [[bantu b'ensi yonna]], naye [[yakozesa ebitundu nga 16%]] ku masannyalaze g'ensi yonna.<ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Amerika ekwata ekifo kyakubiri mu kufulumya omukka ogwonoona obutonde oluvannyuma lwa China. <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |first=OAR |date=February 8, 2017 |title=Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks |url=https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/inventory-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions-and-sinks |access-date=December 3, 2020 |website=US EPA |language=en}}</ref> Amerika ye nsi [[Nuclear power by country|esinga okufulumya amasannyalaze ga nukiriya]] mu nsi yonna, ng’ekola ebitundu nga 30% ku masannyalaze ga nukiriya mu nsi yonna. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuclear Power in the USA - World Nuclear Association |url=https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-t-z/usa-nuclear-power |access-date=March 1, 2025 |website=world-nuclear.org}}</ref> Era erina omuwendo gwa riyaaktori z’amasannyalaze ga nukiriya ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rouse |first=Sabina |date=November 5, 2019 |title=Where are the world's 449 nuclear reactors? |url=https://www.weforum.org/stories/2019/11/countries-that-have-the-most-nuclear-power-alternative-energy-electricity-climate-change/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250214075151/https://www.weforum.org/stories/2019/11/countries-that-have-the-most-nuclear-power-alternative-energy-electricity-climate-change/ |archive-date=February 14, 2025 |access-date=March 1, 2025 |website=World Economic Forum |language=en}}</ref> Okuva mu mwaka gwa 2024, Amerika eteekateeka okukubisaamu emirundi esatu amasannyalaze aga nukiriya mu mwaka gwa 2050. <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 12, 2024 |title=U.S. Sets Targets to Triple Nuclear Energy Capacity by 2050 |url=https://www.energy.gov/ne/articles/us-sets-targets-triple-nuclear-energy-capacity-2050 |access-date=March 1, 2025 |website=Energy.gov |language=en}}</ref> Amerika erina enguudo eziweza mayiro obukadde buna ( obukadde bwa kiromita 6.4 ), kumpi zonna za gavumenti z’amasaza n’ez’ebitundu, oukutu gwazo gwe [[List of countries by road network size|gusinga obuwanvu]] mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Roadways – The World Factbook |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/roadways/country-comparison |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712201909/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/roadways/country-comparison |archive-date=July 12, 2021 |access-date=July 15, 2021 |website=Cia.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Public Road and Street Mileage in the United States by Type of Surface |url=https://www.rita.dot.gov/bts/sites/rita.dot.gov.bts/files/publications/national_transportation_statistics/html/table_01_04.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102141414/https://www.rita.dot.gov/bts/sites/rita.dot.gov.bts/files/publications/national_transportation_statistics/html/table_01_04.html |archive-date=January 2, 2015 |access-date=January 13, 2015 |website=United States Department of Transportation}}</ref>[[List of U.S. state and insular area departments of transportation|​]][[Interstate Highway System|​]] Enkola eno eyongera okugaziyizibwa [[State highway#United States|enguudo za gavumenti]] [[Toll road|n'enguudo ezimu ez'obwannannyini]] ezisasulwa . Amerika y’emu ku nsi ekkumi ezisinga okubeera [[List of countries by vehicles per capita|n’embeera y'abuli muntu okuba n'emmotoka eyiye]] (emmotoka 850 ku buli bantu 1,000) mu 2022. Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2022 kwazuula nti ebitundu 76% ku basabaze mu Amerika bavuga bokka ate 14% bavuga obugaali, omuli bannannyini ddigi n’abakozesa emikutu [[Bike-sharing|gy’okugabana obugaali]]. Ebitundu nga 11% bakozesa engeri emu ey’entambula ey’olukale. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 19, 2022 |title=Cars still dominate the American commute |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/05/commute-america-sustainability-cars/ |access-date=May 21, 2023 |website=World Economic Forum |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Humes |first=Edward |date=April 12, 2016 |title=The Absurd Primacy of the Automobile in American Life |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/04/absurd-primacy-of-the-car-in-american-life/476346/ |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412125602/https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/04/absurd-primacy-of-the-car-in-american-life/476346/ |archive-date=April 12, 2016 |access-date=July 12, 2023 |website=[[The Atlantic]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Public transportation in the United States|Entambula ey’olukale mu Amerika]] erina enkulaakulanalana ennungi mu bitundu by’ebibuga ebisinga obunene, naddala mu kibuga New York, Washington, DC, Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago, ne San Francisco Bay Area; bwe kitaba ekyo, okutwalira awamu okusaasaana kwayo si kungi nga mu nsi endala ezikyakula. Amerika nayo erina ebitundu bingi [[Car-dependent|ebyesigama ku mmotoka]] . Olugendo oluwanvu wakati w’ebibuga lusinga kukolebwa kkampuni z’ennyonyi, naye okutambula n’eggaali y’omukka kusinga kubeera ku luguudo lwa [[Northeast Corridor]], [[High-speed rail in the United States|eggaali y’omukka yokka ey’amaanyi mu Amerika]] etuukana n’omutindo gw’ensi yonna gy’ekola. [[Amtrak]], kkampuni y’eggaali y’omukka ey’eggwanga ey’abasaabaze eyambibwako gavumenti y’eggwanga lino, erina omukutu mutono bw’ogeraageranya n’ogw’amawanga ga Bulaaya ey’Obugwanjuba. <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Empeereza esinga mu Northeast, California, Midwest, ne Pacific Northwest. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-16 |title=Amtrak Five Year Service Line Plans |url=https://www.amtrak.com/content/dam/projects/dotcom/english/public/documents/corporate/businessplanning/Amtrak-Service-Line-Plans-FY20-24.pdf#page=5 |access-date=2026-07-04 |website=[[Amtrak]]}}</ref> [[Rail transport in the United States|Omukutu gw'entambula y'eggaali y'omukka mu ggwanga lino]], [[List of countries by rail transport network size|ogusinga obuwanvu]] mu nsi yonna ku 182,412.3 mi (293,564.2). km), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Railways – The World Factbook |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/railways/country-comparison |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124012056/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2121rank.html |archive-date=November 24, 2018 |access-date=July 14, 2022 |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]}}</ref> esinga kukola [[Freight transport|ku by’emigugu]] <ref>{{Cite web |year=2021 |title=Seasonally Adjusted Transportation Data |url=https://www.transtats.bts.gov/osea/seasonaladjustment/?PageVar=RAIL_PM |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422132507/https://www.transtats.bts.gov/osea/seasonaladjustment/?PageVar=RAIL_PM |archive-date=April 22, 2021 |access-date=February 16, 2021 |publisher=Bureau of Transportation Statistics}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> (okwawukana ku ggaali y’omukka esinga okutambuza abasaabaze mu Bulaaya <ref>{{Cite web |last=The Antiplanner |date=May 13, 2016 |title=Comparing European and American Transport |url=https://ti.org/antiplanner/?p=11847}}</ref> ). Olw’okubaemirimu gitera okubae gy’obwannannyini, eggaali y’omukka mu Amerika zisigaliddemudde emabega mu nsi yonna mu by’amasannyalaze. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Maddock |date=March 7, 2023 |title=US Railroads Lag Behind the World in Railroad Electrification, and the Reason is Private Ownership |url=https://brownpoliticalreview.org/us-railroads-lag-behind-the-world-in-railroad-electrification-and-the-reason-is-private-ownership/ |access-date=March 9, 2025}}</ref> Amerika erina omukutu omunene ogw’entambula y’ennyonyi. [[List of airlines of the United States|Ennyonyi za Amerika ez’abantu baabulijjo]] zonna za bwannannyini. Ennyonyi essatu ezisinga obunene mu nsi yonna, okusinziira ku muwendo gw’abasaabaze bonna abatambuzibwa, zisangibwa mu Amerika; [[American Airlines]] yafuuka ekulembedde mu nsi yonna oluvannyuma lw'okwegatta ku kkampuni ya [[US Airways]] mu 2013 . <ref>{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=Scheduled Passengers Carried |url=https://www.iata.org/publications/pages/wats-passenger-carried.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102034843/https://www.iata.org/publications/pages/wats-passenger-carried.aspx |archive-date=January 2, 2015 |access-date=February 17, 2012 |publisher=International Air Transport Association (IATA)}}</ref> Ku bisaawe by'ennyonyi 50 ebisingamu abantu abangi mu nsi yonna, 16 biri mu Amerika, awamu n'ebitaano ku 10 ebisinga okubeera n'abantu abangi <ref name="PANYNJ 2021 report">{{Cite web |date=April 2022 |title=2021 Airport Traffic Report |url=https://www.panynj.gov/content/dam/airports/statistics/statistics-general-info/annual-atr/ATR_2021.pdf |website=Port Authority of New York and New Jersey |page=32}}</ref> Ekisaawe ky'ennyonyi ekisinga okubeera n'abantu abangi mu nsi yonna okusinziira ku bungi bw'abasaabaze ye [[Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport|Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International]] mu [[Atlanta|Atlanta, Georgia]] . <ref name="BusyAirport">{{Cite web |last=Hunter |first=Marnie |date=April 11, 2022 |title=This US airport has reclaimed its title as the world's busiest |url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/worlds-busiest-airports-2021/index.html |website=CNN}}</ref> <ref name="PANYNJ 2021 report" /> Mu mwaka gwa 2022, [[List of airports in the United States|ebisaawe by’ennyonyi ebisinga ku 19,969 eby’omu Amerika]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Number of U.S. Airports |url=https://www.bts.gov/content/number-us-airportsa |access-date=December 15, 2023 |publisher=Bureau of Transportation Statistics}}</ref> byali bya gavumenti ez’ebitundu era nga biddukanyizibwa, era waliwo n’ebisaawe by’ennyonyi ebimu eby’obwannannyini. Nga 5,193 ziwandiikiddwa nga "okukozesebwa abantu bonna", omuli [[General aviation|n'ennyonyi eza bulijjo]] . [[Transportation Security Administration|Ekitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku by’okwerinda mu by’entambula ekya Transportation Security Administration]] (TSA) kibadde kiwa obukuumi ku bisaawe by’ennyonyi ebinene ebisinga okuva mu 2001. [[Inland waterways of the United States|Amakubo g'okumazzi ag’eggwanga lino agali munda mu ggwanga]] ge gakwata [[List of countries by waterways length|ekifo eky’okutaano mu buwanvu]] mu nsi yonna, nga gonna awamu gali 25,482 mi (41,009) nga bwe km) . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Waterways – The World Factbook |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/waterways/country-comparison |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412005407/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/waterways/country-comparison |archive-date=April 12, 2022 |access-date=July 14, 2022 |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]}}</ref> Zikozesebwa nnyo mu kutambuza emigugu, okwesanyusaamu, n’okutambuza abasaabaze abatono. Ku [[List of busiest container ports|myalo 50 egy’okutwala abantu abangi]] mu nsi yonna, ena giri mu Amerika, ng’esinga okubeera n’abantu abangi mu ggwanga lino gwe [[Port of Los Angeles|mwalo gw’e Los Angeles]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Top 50 Container Ports |url=https://www.worldshipping.org/top-50-ports |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813193707/https://www.worldshipping.org/top-50-ports |archive-date=August 13, 2021 |access-date=July 14, 2022 |website=[[World Shipping Council]]}}</ref> == Ebikwata ku bungi bw’abantu baayo == '''<big>Obungi bw'abantu</big>''' Ekitongole ky’okubala abantu mu Amerika kyategeeza nti abantu 331,449,281 baali batuuze nga 1 Ogwokuna, 2020, [ t ] <ref name="2020CENSUS">{{Cite web |title=Census Bureau's 2020 Population Count |url=https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2021/2020-census-apportionment-results.htmlpid=2020CENSUS&src=pt |access-date=April 26, 2021 |website=[[United States Census]]}}</ref> ekifudde Amerika ensi ey’okusatu mu nsi yonna mu bungi bw’abantu, oluvannyuma lwa Buyindi ne China. <ref>{{Cite web |title=World Population Dashboard |url=https://www.unfpa.org/data/world-population-dashboard |access-date=February 12, 2026 |publisher=United Nations Population Fund}}</ref> Okubalirira kw'abantu mu butongole okwa 2025 ekitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku kubala abantu kwali 341,784,857, nga kino kyeyongera ebitundu 3.1% okuva mu kubala abantu okwakolebwa mu 2020. <ref name="Vintage2025">{{Cite web|date=January 27, 2025 |title=National Population Totals and Components of Change: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2025 |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-national-total.html |access-date=January 28, 2025 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> Okusinziira ku ssaawa ya Bureau's [[US Population Clock]], nga 1 Ogwomusanvu, 2024, omuwendo gw'abantu mu Amerika gwafuna okweyongera kw'amuntu omu buli sikonda 16, oba abantu nga 5400 buli lunaku. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Population Clock |url=https://www.census.gov/popclock/ |website=Census.gov}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2023, 51% ku Bamerika ab’emyaka 15 n’okudda waggulu baali bafumbo, 6% baali [[bannamwandu]], 10% baali baawukanye, ate 34% baali tebafumbirwangako. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Table MS-1. Marital Status of the Population 15 Years Old and Over, by Sex, Race and Hispanic Origin: 1950 to Present |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/families/marital.html |access-date=September 11, 2019 |website=Historical Marital Status Tables |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> Mu 2023, omuwendo gw'obusobozi bwokuzaala mu America gwali gwa abaana1.6 ku buli mukazi,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saric |first=Ivana |date=April 25, 2024 |title=Births dropped in 2023, ending pandemic baby boom |url=https://www.axios.com/2024/04/25/us-births-drop-2023 |access-date=July 1, 2024 |publisher=Axios |language=en}}</ref>[[Single parents in the United States|​]][[Total fertility rate|​]] era ku bitundu 23%, yeeyalina omuwendo gw'abaana abaali babeera n'abazadde abaayawukana mu maka mu 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 12, 2019 |title=U.S. has world's highest rate of children living in single-parent households |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/12/12/u-s-children-more-likely-than-children-in-other-countries-to-live-with-just-one-parent/ |access-date=March 17, 2020 |website=Pew Research Center |language=en}}</ref>[[Suburb|​]] Abamerika abasinga babeera mu njegooyego z'ebifo ebikulu. Amerika erina abantu ab’enjawulo; [[American ancestries|Ebibinja ebigatta abafaanaganya obuvo]] 37 birina bammemba abasoba mu kakadde kamu. <ref name="An2000">{{Cite web |date=June 2004 |title=Ancestry 2000 |url=https://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/c2kbr-35.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20041204015245/https://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/c2kbr-35.pdf |archive-date=December 4, 2004 |access-date=December 2, 2016 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> [[Non-Hispanic whites|Abazungu Abamerika]] abava mu Bulaaya, Middle East, oba North Africa be basinga obungi [[Race (human classification)|mu mawanga]] [[Ethnic group|n'olubu lw'eggwanga]] nga 57.8% ku bantu ba Amerika. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Chance That Two People Chosen at Random Are of Different Race or Ethnicity Groups Has Increased Since 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2021/08/2020-united-states-population-more-racially-ethnically-diverse-than-2010.html |website=Census.gov |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Table 52. Population by Selected Ancestry Group and Region: 2009 |url=https://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2012/tables/12s0052.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121225031832/https://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2012/tables/12s0052.pdf |archive-date=December 25, 2012 |access-date=February 11, 2017 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Aba Hispanic ne Latino Americans]] be bakola ekibinja ekyokubiri mu bunene era nga bali 18.7% ku bantu ba Amerika. [[African Americans|Abafirika Abamerika]] be bakola ekibinja eky’okusatu mu bunene mu ggwanga lino era nga bali 12.1% ku bantu bonna mu Amerika. <ref name="An2000" /> Abamerika abava mu Asia be kibinja eky'okuna mu bunene mu ggwanga lino, nga bakola ebitundu 5.9% ku bantu ba Amerika. Abamerika bannansangwa bakola obukadde 3.7 mu ggwanga lino era bye ebitundu nga 1%, <ref name="An2000" /> era ebika binnansangwa nga 574 bimanyiddwa gavumenti eya federo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Federally recognized American Indian tribes and Alaska Native entities {{!}} USAGov |url=https://www.usa.gov/indian-tribes-alaska-native |access-date=April 5, 2024 |website=www.usa.gov |language=en}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2024, [[Median age|emyaka gya wakati]] egy'abantu mu Amerika gyali gya myaka 39.1. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wilder |first=Kristie |last2=Mackun |first2=Paul |title=Median Age in 192 Metro Areas Higher Than National Median of 39.1 |url=https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2025/06/metro-areas-median-age.html |access-date=July 4, 2025 |website=Census.gov |language=en}}</ref> == Okukula kw'ebibuga == Abamerika nga 82% babeera mu [[kumbi n'ebifo eby'amaanyi]] naddala mu [[njegooyego z'ebibuga]] ne mu [[Exurb|byalo]]; <ref name="CIA-20182">{{Cite web |title=The World Factbook: United States |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-states/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107073924/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-states/ |archive-date=January 7, 2021 |access-date=November 10, 2018 |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> nga kitundu ku abo babeera mu bibuga ebirimu abantu abasukka mu 50,000. [[Los Angeles|[]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=United States—Urban/Rural and Inside/Outside Metropolitan Area |url=https://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&-state=gct&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&-_box_head_nbr=GCT-P1&-mt_name=&-_caller=geoselect&-geo_id=&-format=US-1&-_lang=en |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20090403024532/https://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&-state=gct&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&-_box_head_nbr=GCT-P1&-mt_name=&-_caller=geoselect&-geo_id=&-format=US-1&-_lang=en |archive-date=April 3, 2009 |access-date=September 23, 2008 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> Mu 2024, munisipaali ezaali zigattiddwa zaalina abantu abaali basukka mu 100,000[[List of United States cities by population#50 states and District of Columbia|​]][[Chicago|​]][[Houston|​]], ebibuga 11 byalimu abatuuze abaali basukka mu kakadde kamu, era ebibuga bina omuli [[New York City,]] [[Los Angeles,]] [[Chicago]], ne [[Houston County, Texas|Houston]] byalina abantu abaali basukka mu bukadde obubiri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=City and Town Population Totals: 2020-2022 |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-cities-and-towns.html |access-date=November 26, 2023 |website=Census.gov}}</ref> Ebifo ebyamaaanyi mu Amerika nga 56 [[Metropolitan statistical areas#United States|birina abatuuze akakadde kamu oba okusingawo]]. Ebbanga ttono emabega ebitundu ebyalimu abantu abangi n'okukula byali mu Bukiikaddyo, lwakuba nga ebitundu by'omu bukiikaddyo eby'ensalosalo za Mexico ne Gulf Coast ziri mu kabi ak'okulumbibwa omuyaga ogwamaanyi era omuwendo gw'abantu gwakendeera nnyo mu 2025. Ekibuga kya New York ekyali kyafuna ennyo abasenze mu 2024, kyaddirira nekidda mu kifo kye 13 olwensonga z'okukendeeramu mu bantu abaali bayingira eggwanga. N'olwekyo ebifo eisingamu abantu byasigala biri Houston ne Dallas-Fort Worth, ne kuddako Atlanta, Phoenix ne Charlotte. == Olulimi lwabwe == Wadde ng’ennimi [[n’enjogera]] nnyingi mu Amerika, [[Olungereza]] lwe lusinga okwogerwa n’okuwandiikibwa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaur |first=Harmeet |date=May 20, 2018 |title=FYI: English isn't the official language of the United States |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/20/us/english-us-official-language-trnd/index.html |access-date=May 11, 2023 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> Olungereza olw'ekika kya ''[[De facto]]'', lwe [[lulimi olutongole]] mu Amerika, era mu 2025, [[Executive Order 14224]] yalangirira Olungereza ng'olutongole. <ref name="EOWP">{{Cite news}}</ref> Wabula Amerika tebangako na lulimi lutongole oluteekebwawo mu mateeka, anti Congress teyisangako tteeka kulaga Lungereza nga lutongole ku matabi gonna asatu aga federo. Amateeka agamu, gamba nga US naturalization requirements, wadde kiri kityo, gassa Olungereza ku mutindo. Amasaza 28 n’ebizinga [[bya Amerika ebya Virgin Islands]] galina amateeka agalaga Olungereza ng’olulimi lwokka olutongole; Amasaza 19 ne [[District of Columbia]] tegalina lulimi lutongole. <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Amasaza asatu n’ebitundu bina ebya Amerika bikkirizza ennimi z’omu kitundu oba enzaaliranwa ng’oggyeeko Olungereza: Hawaii ( Oluhawaiian ), <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 7, 1978 |title=The Constitution of the State of Hawaii, Article XV, Section 4 |url=https://www.hawaii.gov/lrb/con/conart15.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724231656/https://hawaii.gov/lrb/con/conart15.html |archive-date=July 24, 2013 |access-date=June 19, 2007 |publisher=Hawaii Legislative Reference Bureau}}</ref> Alaska ( ennimi amakumi abiri ez’Enzaalwa ), [ u ] <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> South Dakota ( Sioux ), <ref name="LakotaCommon">{{Cite web |title=South Dakota recognizes official indigenous language |url=https://eu.argusleader.com/story/news/politics/2019/03/22/south-dakota-recognizes-official-indigenous-language-governor-noem/3245113002/ |access-date=March 26, 2019 |publisher=[[Argus Leader]]}}</ref> American Samoa ( [[Samoan]] ), Puerto Rico ( [[Spanish]] ), Guam ( [[Chamorro]] ), n’ebizinga by’obukiikakkono bwa Mariana ( [[Carolinian]] ne Chamorro ). Okutwalira awamu, ennimi z’Abamerika enzaaliranwa 169 ze zoogerwa mu Amerika. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Siebens |first=Julie |last2=Julian |first2=Tiffany |date=December 2011 |title=Native North American Languages Spoken at Home in the United States and Puerto Rico: 2006–2010 |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2011/acs/acsbr10-10.pdf |access-date=April 5, 2024 |website=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> Mu Puerto Rico, Olusipeyini lwogerwa nnyo okusinga Olungereza. <ref name="PuertoRicoTranslation">{{Cite web |title=Translation in Puerto Rico |url=https://www.puertorico.com/translation/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233259/http://www.puertorico.com/translation/ |archive-date=December 30, 2013 |access-date=December 29, 2013 |website=Puerto Rico Channel}}</ref> Okusinziira ku [[kunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu Amerika]] (2020), <ref name="ACS2021">{{Cite web |title=ACS B16001 |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=B16001:+LANGUAGE+SPOKEN+AT+HOME+BY+ABILITY+TO+SPEAK+ENGLISH+FOR+THE+POPULATION+5+YEARS+AND+OVER&g=0100000US&tid=ACSDT1Y2021.B16001&moe=true |access-date=December 26, 2022 |website=ACS B16001 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> abantu nga obukadde 245.4 mu Amerika ab’emyaka etaano n’okudda waggulu baali boogera Olungereza lwokka awaka. Abantu obukadde nga 41.2 be boogera [[Olusipeyini]] awaka, ekifuula olulimi olwokubiri mu kusinga okukozesebwa. Ennimi endala ezoogerwa awaka abantu akadde kamu oba okusingawo mulimu [[Oluchina]] (obukadde 3.40), [[Olutagalog]] (obukadde 1.71), [[Oluviyetnam]] (obukadde 1.52), [[Oluwarabu]] (obukadde 1.39), [[Olufaransa]] (obukadde 1.18), [[Olukorea]] (obukadde 1.07), [[n’Olurussia]] (obukadde 1.04). [[Olugirimaani]], olwayogerwa abantu obukadde 1 awaka mu 2010, lwagwa okutuuka ku bantu 881,000 abaabalirirwamu bonna awamu mu 2020. <ref>{{cite report|author=U.S. Census Bureau|title=Language spoken at home by ability to speak English for the population 5 years and over|website=data.census.gov|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDT5Y2020.B16001?q=B16001&y=2020|access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref> == Okuyingira mu nsi == Omuwendo gw’abasenze mu Amerika gwe gusinga obungi mu nsi yonna mu ngeri entuufu . <ref name="UNdef">{{Cite web |last=((United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division)) |date=August 2019 |title=International Migrant Stock 2019 Documentation |url=https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/data/estimates2/docs/MigrationStockDocumentation_2019.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917201246/https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/data/estimates2/docs/MigrationStockDocumentation_2019.pdf |archive-date=2019-09-17 |access-date=June 19, 2023 |publisher=United Nations |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=UN Migrant Stock Total 2019 |url=https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/data/estimates2/data/UN_MigrantStockTotal_2019.xlsx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917201247/https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/data/estimates2/data/UN_MigrantStockTotal_2019.xlsx |archive-date=2019-09-17 |access-date=June 19, 2023 |publisher=United Nations |url-status=live }}</ref> Mu 2022, mu Amerika mwalimu abasenze obukadde 87.7 n’abaana b’abasenze abazaalibwa mu Amerika, nga bano bakola kumpi ebitundu 27% ku bantu bonna mu Amerika. <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Mu 2017, ku bantu Abamerika abaazaalibwa ebweru w’eggwanga, nga 45% ( obukadde 20.7 ) baali bannansi abasibukayo mu butonde, 27% (obukadde 12.3 ) baali batuuze ab’enkalakkalira mu mateeka, 6% (obukadde 2.2 ) baali batuuze mu mateeka ab’ekiseera, ate 23% (obukadde 10.5 ) baali [[basenze abatakkirizibwa]] . <ref name="KeyFindings">{{Cite web |date=June 17, 2019 |title=Key findings about U.S. immigrants |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/06/17/key-findings-about-u-s-immigrants/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617180226/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/06/17/key-findings-about-u-s-immigrants/ |archive-date=2019-06-17 |publisher=Pew Research Center |access-date=2026-07-23 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2019, amawanga agasinga okusibukamu abagwiira gaali Mexico (24% ku basenze), Buyindi (6%), China (5%), Philippines (4.5%), ne El Salvador (3%).<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 21, 2021 |title=Immigrants in the United States |url=https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/immigrants_in_the_united_states_0.pdf |access-date=August 18, 2023 |website=americanimmigrationcouncil.org}}</ref> Mu mwaka gw’ebyensimbi 2022, abagwira abasukka mu kakadde kamu (abasinga obungi ku bo baayingira nga bayita mu kugatta amaka ) baweebwa obutuuze mu mateeka.<ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Omuwendo gw’abagwira abatalina biwandiiko mu Amerika gwatuuka ku likodi ya bukadde 14 mu 2023.<ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> == Eddiini == [[First Amendment to the United States Constitution|Ennongoosereza esooka]] ekakasa [[Free Exercise Clause|okusoma eddiini mu ddembe mu ggwanga]] era egaana Congress okuyisa amateeka agassa ekitiibwa mu [[Establishment Clause|kugitandikawo]]. <ref name="Donadio-2021">{{Cite web |last=Donadio |first=Rachel |date=November 22, 2021 |title=Why Is France So Afraid of God? |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2021/12/france-god-religion-secularism/620528/ |access-date=March 25, 2023 |website=The Atlantic |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=First Amendment |url=https://constitution.congress.gov/constitution/amendment-1/#:~:text=Congress%20shall%20make%20no%20law,for%20a%20redress%20of%20grievances. |website=Constitution Annotated |publisher=[[United States Congress]]}}</ref> Enkola y’eddiini esaasaanidde nnyo, mu [[List of countries by ethnic and cultural diversity level|zisinga okuba ez’enjawulo]] mu nsi yonna, era zijjudde nnyo.<ref name="pewreligion">{{Cite web |last=Fahmy |first=Dalia |date=July 31, 2018 |title=Americans are far more religious than adults in other wealthy nations |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/07/31/americans-are-far-more-religious-than-adults-in-other-wealthy-nations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200109160911/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/07/31/americans-are-far-more-religious-than-adults-in-other-wealthy-nations/ |archive-date=January 9, 2020 |access-date=January 23, 2020 |website=[[Pew Research Center]]}}</ref> Eggwanga lino [[Christianity by country|lisingamu Abakrisitaayo]] mu nsi yonna, nga muno mwe muli [[Catholic Church by country|n'ekifo eky'okuna mu bungi bw'Abakatoliki]] . <ref name="Global Christianity">{{Cite web |last=ANALYSIS |date=December 19, 2011 |title=Global Christianity |url=https://www.pewforum.org/Christian/Global-Christianity-exec.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730062627/http://www.pewforum.org/christian/global-christianity-exec.aspx |archive-date=July 30, 2013 |access-date=August 17, 2012 |publisher=Pewforum.org}}</ref> Enzikiriza endala ez'amaanyi mulimu [[Judaism|enzikiriza z'Ekiyudaaya]], [[Buddhism|Buddha]], [[Hinduism|Hindu]], [[Islam|Obusiraamu]], [[New Age]], [[Native American religions|n'amadiini g'Abamerika bannansangwa]]. Enkola y’eddiini eyawukana nnyo okusinziira ku bitundu.<ref name="Williams-2023">{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Daniel |date=March 1, 2023 |title='Christian America' Isn't Dying. It's Dividing. |url=https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2023/february-web-only/christianity-america-pew-research-statistics-minority.html |access-date=March 25, 2023 |website=[[Christianity Today]] |language=en}}</ref> " [[Ceremonial deism]] " ya bulijjo mu buwangwa bw'Abamerika. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Merriam |first=Jesse |last2=Lupu |first2=Ira |last3=Elwood |first3=F |last4=Davis |first4=Eleanor |date=August 28, 2008 |title=On Ceremonial Occasions, May the Government Invoke a Deity? |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2008/08/28/on-ceremonial-occasions-may-the-government-invoke-a-deity/ |access-date=March 31, 2023 |website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Abamerika]] abasinga obungi bakkiririza mu maanyi oba amaanyi ag’omwoyo agasingako, beenyigira mu bikolwa eby’omwoyo ng’okusaba, era beetwala okuba ab’eddiini oba [[ab’omwoyo]] . <ref name="Kallo-2023">{{Cite web |last=Kallo |first=Becka |display-authors=etal |date=December 7, 2023 |title=Spirituality Among Americans |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2023/12/07/spirituality-among-americans/ |access-date=December 8, 2023 |website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu " [[Bible Belt]] " ey'obukiikaddyo bwa Amerika, Obupolotesitante obw'enjiri bukola kinene mu buwangwa; [[New England]] ne Western America zitera okuba ez'ensi . <ref name="Williams-20232">{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Daniel |date=March 1, 2023 |title='Christian America' Isn't Dying. It's Dividing. |url=https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2023/february-web-only/christianity-america-pew-research-statistics-minority.html |access-date=March 25, 2023 |website=[[Christianity Today]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fahmy |first=Dalia |last2=Smith |first2=Gregory A. |last3=Cooperman |first3=Alan |last4=Alper |first4=Becka A. |last5=Mohamed |first5=Besheer |last6=Rotolo |first6=Chip |last7=Tevington |first7=Patricia |last8=Nortey |first8=Justin |last9=Kallo |first9=Asta |last10=Diamant |first10=Jeff |date=February 26, 2025 |title=Decline of Christianity in the U.S. Has Slowed, May Have Leveled Off |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2025/02/26/decline-of-christianity-in-the-us-has-slowed-may-have-leveled-off/ |access-date=April 22, 2025 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Mormonism]], ekibiina ky’aba [[Restorationist]] ekyatandikibwawo mu Amerika mu 1847, ye ddiini esinga mu Utah era ddiini enkulu mu Idaho. == Eby'obulamu byayo == Okusinziira ku [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|kitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku kulwanyisa endwadde ekya Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC), emyaka omuntu gyasuubirwa okubeera ku nsi (life expectancy) mu Amerika gyatuuka ku myaka 79.0 mu 2024, nga guno gwe muwendo ogusinga obunene ogwawandiikibwa. Kino kyali kyeyongedde emyaka 0.6 okusinga omwaka 2023. Ekitongole kino ki CDC kyavudde ku kukendeera okw’amaanyi mu muwendo [[Drug overdose|gw’eddagala erisukkiridde eritta]] abantu mu ggwanga lino, ne kitegeeza nti “obulwadde bw’omutima bukyagenda mu maaso n’okutta abantu mu Amerika, nga buddirirwa [[Kokolo|kookolo]] n’obuvune obutaba bugenderere.” <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 29, 2026 |title=U.S. life expectancy hits record high as drug overdose deaths decline in 2024 |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db548.htm |access-date=February 1, 2026 |website=U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention}}</ref> Mu 2024, emyaka abasajja Abamerika gye basuubirwa okubeera ku nsi gyalinnya okutuuka ku myaka 76.5 (+0.7 emyaka bw’ogeraageranya ne 2023), ate bw’abakyala giri 81.4 (+0.3 years). Okutandika mu 1998, emyaka gye basuubirwa okubeera ku nsi mu Amerika gyagwa [[List of countries by life expectancy|emabega w'amawanga amalala agagagga agakulaakulanye mu by'amakolero]], era ekituli ky'Abamerika "obuzibu mu bulamu" kibadde kyeyongera okuva olwo.<ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Ekitongole kya Commonwealth Fund kyategeeza mu 2020 nti Amerika ye yasinga okubaamu embeera z'okwetta mu [[mawanga agalina ennyingiza eyaawaggulu]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 30, 2020 |title=New International Report on Health Care: U.S. Suicide Rate Highest Among Wealthy Nations {{!}} Commonwealth Fund |url=https://www.commonwealthfund.org/press-release/2020/new-international-report-health-care-us-suicide-rate-highest-among-wealthy |access-date=March 17, 2020 |website=Commonwealthfund.org |language=en}}</ref> Nga kimu kya kusatu eky’abantu abakulu mu Amerika balina omugejjo, ate ekirala kya kusatu bazito nnyo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity Among Adults: United States, 2003–2004 |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/pubs/pubd/hestats/overweight/overwght_adult_03.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090110002418/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/pubs/pubd/hestats/overweight/overwght_adult_03.htm |archive-date=2009-01-10 |access-date=June 5, 2007 |publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics |url-status=live }}</ref> Ensaasaanya ku y’ebyobulamu mu Amerika esinga nnyo ey’ensi endala yonna, epimiddwa mu nsaasaanya ya buli muntu n’ebitundu ku kikumi ku GDP, naye efuna ebivaamu mu by’obulamu ebibi bw’ogeraageranya n’amawanga ga bannaabwe olw’ensonga ezikubaganyizibwako ebirowoozo. <ref>{{Cite web |year=2001 |title=The U.S. Healthcare System: The Best in the World or Just the Most Expensive? |url=https://dll.umaine.edu/ble/U.S.+HCweb.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070309142240/https://dll.umaine.edu/ble/U.S.%20HCweb.pdf |archive-date=March 9, 2007 |access-date=November 29, 2006 |publisher=University of Maine |url-status=dead }}</ref> Amerika ye nsi yokka eyakulaakulana etalina nkola ya bulamu bwa bonna, era ekitundu ekinene eky'abantu abatalina yinsuwa y'ebyobulamu. Enkola y'okutuusa eby'obulamu ku baavu (Okusasulwa ssente okuva mu gavumenti eri abaavu ( [[Medicaid]] ) n’abo ab’emyaka 65 n’okudda waggulu ( [[Medicare]] ) weeri eri Abamerika abatuukiriza ebisaanyizo by’enyingiza oba emyaka gya pulogulaamu. Mu 2010, Pulezidenti [[Barack Obama]] yayisa etteeka eryayitibwa [[Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act]] . [ v ''[[Roe v. Wade|<nowiki>]</nowiki>]]'' ''[[Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization|​]]''[[Abortion in the United States|​]] [ w ] <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-02 |title=Abortion regulations by state |url=https://ballotpedia.org/Abortion_regulations_by_state |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260616004753/https://ballotpedia.org/Abortion_regulations_by_state |archive-date=2026-06-16 |access-date=2026-06-16 |website=[[Ballotpedia]] |quote=HIGHLIGHTS {{blist|As of April 2, 2026, 41 states restricted abortions at specific stages of pregnancy. |The remaining nine states and Washington, D.C., did not. |Of the 41 states that restricted abortion, 12 restricted abortion beginning at the stage of fetal viability, which was defined in ''Roe v. Wade''. |Thirteen states restricted abortion after conception.}}}}</ref>Okuva kkooti enkulu lwe yasalawo mu 2022 ng'eyita mu ''Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, kino kyasinga ekya [[Roe v. Wade]] (1973) ekyali ku kuggyamu embuto tekikyakkirizibwa mu mateeka ga federo naye okukolebwa kwakyo kwekuusa ku mateeka agagobererwa mu masaza ag'enjawulo.'' == Eby'enjigiriza byayo == Ebyenjigiriza bya Amerika ebya pulayimale ne siniya, ebimanyiddwa mu Amerika nga [[K–12]] ("kindergarten through 12th grade"), biri mikono gya gavumeti wamu n'abobwannannyini. Enkola z’amasomero ziddukanyizibwa gavumenti z’amasaza, ez’ebitundu, n’oluusi eza munisipaali era nga zifugibwa ekitongole ky’ebyenjigiriza mu Amerika. Okutwaliza awamu, abaana balina okugenda ku ssomero oba [[essomero ly’awaka erikkirizibwa]] okuva ku myaka etaano oba mukaaga ( [[kindergarten]] oba [[first grade]] ) okutuusa lwe baweza emyaka 18. Kino kitera okuleeta abayizi okuyita mu [[siniya ey’ekkumi n’ebiri]], omwaka ogusembayo mu ssomero lya siniya erya Amerika, naye amasekkati n’ebitundu ebimu bibakkiriza okuva mu ssomero nga bukyali, ku myaka 16 oba 17. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ages for Compulsory School Attendance ... |url=https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d02/dt150.asp |access-date=June 10, 2007 |publisher=U.S. Dept. of Education, National Center for Education Statistics}}</ref> Amerika esaasaanya ssente nnyingi ku by’enjigiriza ku buli muyizi okusinga ensi endala yonna, <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> nga buli mwaka buli muyizi wa gavumenti eya pulayimale ne siniya mu 2020–2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 2020 |title=Fast Facts: Expenditures |url=https://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=66 |access-date=August 29, 2020 |website=nces.ed.gov |language=EN}}</ref> Mu Bamerika ab’emyaka 25 n’okudda waggulu, 92.2% baatikkirwa mu siniya, 62.7% baagenda mu ttendekero erimu, 37.7% baafuna [[diguli esooka]], ate 14.2% baafuna diguli.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Educational Attainment in the United States: 2022 |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2022/demo/educational-attainment/cps-detailed-tables.html |access-date=July 20, 2024 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> [[Omuwendo gw’abamanyi okusoma n’okuwandiika mu Amerika]] kumpi gwa bonna.<ref name="CIA-20183">{{Cite web |title=The World Factbook: United States |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-states/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107073924/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-states/ |archive-date=January 7, 2021 |access-date=November 10, 2018 |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref>For more detail on U.S. literacy, see [https://nces.ed.gov/NAAL/PDF/2006470.PDF A First Look at the Literacy of America's Adults in the 21st century], U.S. Department of Education (2003).</ref> Amerika efulumizza [[abawanguzi b'ekirabo kya Nobel abasinga obungi mu nsi yonna]], nga [[List of American Nobel laureates|411]] (ewangudde engule 413).<ref>{{Cite web |title=All Nobel Prizes |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-prizes |publisher=Nobel Foundation}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=2022–2023 Best Global Universities Rankings |url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/rankings |access-date=April 27, 2023 |website=[[U.S. News & World Report]]}}</ref> Amatendekero aga waggulu mu Amerika gafunye erinnya mu nsi yonna. Yunivasite nnyingi ez’oku ntikko mu nsi yonna, nga bwe ziwandiikiddwa [[State university system|ebibiina]] eby’enjawulo ebikola ensengeka, ziri mu Amerika, nga ku 25 ezisinga 19 ku zo ziri mu America <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fink |first=Jenni |date=October 22, 2019 |title=U.S. Schools Take 8 of 10 Top Spots on U.S. News' Best Global Universities |url=https://www.newsweek.com/us-news-best-global-universities-american-schools-dominate-top-10-1466768 |access-date=April 18, 2023 |website=Newsweek |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 19, 2023 |title=Best Countries for Education: North American and European countries are seen as offering the best opportunities for education. |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/best-countries/best-countries-for-education |website=U.S. News & World Report}}</ref> Amatendekero g’awaggulu mu America agasinga ga gavumenti wadde nga ag'obwannayini gayingiza abayizi Abamerika ebitundu 20%. KKolegi ez'omu kitundu okutwalira awamu gawa okuyingira mu lujjudde, ebisale ebitono, n’okukola emisomo egivaamu diguli ey’emyaka ebiri ey’omuyambi oba satifikeeti etali ya diguli.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pannoni |first=Alexandra |last2=Kerr |first2=Emma |date=July 14, 2020 |title=Everything You Need to Know About Community Colleges: FAQ |url=https://www.usnews.com/education/community-colleges/articles/2015/02/06/frequently-asked-questions-community-college |access-date=July 9, 2022 |website=[[U.S. News & World Report]]}}</ref> Ku nsaasaanya ya gavumenti ku by’enjigiriza ebya waggulu, Amerika esaasaanya ssente nnyingi ku buli muyizi okusinga ku kigero kya [[OECD]], ate Abamerika basaasaanya ssente nnyingi okusinga amawanga gonna mu nsaasaanya ya gavumenti n’ey’obwannannyini wamu.<ref name="education spending">{{Cite news}}</ref> Amatendekero ga kkolegi ne yunivasite agaweebwa ssente butereevu okuva mu gavumenti eya federo era tezisasula ssente za kusoma era zitwala bantu bamu omuli bannamagye n'abakozi ba gavumenti, omuli: abayivu mu by'obuweereza mu Amerika, essomero lya Naval Postgraduate School, n'amatendekero g'abakozi b'amagye. Wadde nga waliwo enteekateeka ezimu ez’okusonyiwa ebbanja ly’abayizi, <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Biden administration cancelled $9.5B in student loan debt. Here's who it affects. |url=https://usafacts.org/articles/the-biden-administration-cancelled-95b-in-student-loan-debt-heres-who-it-affects/ |access-date=July 15, 2022 |website=USAFacts |language=en}}</ref> [[ebbanja lya looni y’abayizi]] lyeyongera ebitundu 102% wakati wa 2010 ne 2020, <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> era ne lisukka doola akawumbi 1.7 mu mwaka gwa 2022.<ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> == Obuwangwa n’embeera z’abantu == Amerika maka ga, embu z'amawanga, obuwangwa, n'ennono ez’enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite news}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jackson |first=Lucas |date=August 22, 2014 |title=America's Tipping Point: Most Of U.S. Now Multicultural, Says Group |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/americas-tipping-point-most-u-s-now-multicultural-says-group-n186206 |access-date=July 30, 2024 |website=[[NBC News]] |language=en}}</ref> Eggwanga lino libadde lyogerwako ng'erina empisa z'okwefaako kwa ssekinnoomu n'okwefuga kw'omuntu, <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> wamu n'empisa z'emirimu ez'amaanyi [[n'okuvuganya]] . [[Okufaayo]] ku balala nga kyeyagalire nakyo kikola kinene; <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 9, 2022 |title=World Giving Index 2022 |url=https://good2give.ngo/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/2022-CAF-World-Giving-Index.pdf |access-date=April 27, 2023 |website=[[Charities Aid Foundation]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Country-level estimates of altruism |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-variation-in-altruism |access-date=March 14, 2023 |website=Our World in Data}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marsh |first=Abigail |date=February 5, 2018 |title=Could A More Individualistic World Also Be A More Altruistic One? |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/13.7/2018/02/05/581873428/could-a-more-individualistic-world-also-be-a-more-altruistic-one |access-date=March 14, 2023 |publisher=[[NPR]]}}</ref> okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2016 okwakolebwa ekitongole kya [[Charities Aid Foundation]], Abamerika baawaayo 1.44% ku nnyingiza yaabwe yonna eri abazirakisa , nga gwe omuwendo [[List of countries by charitable donation|ogusinga obunene]] mu nsi yonna n’enjawulo ennene. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 2016 |title=GROSS DOMESTIC PHILANTHROPY: An international analysis of GDP, tax and giving |url=https://www.cafonline.org/docs/default-source/about-us-policy-and-campaigns/gross-domestic-philanthropy-feb-2016.pdf |access-date=July 18, 2022 |publisher=[[Charities Aid Foundation]]}}</ref> Abamerika okuva edda [[Stereotypes of Americans|babadde bamanyiddwa]] olw'enzikiriza y'ebyobufuzi ebagatta mu " American Creed " essa essira ku kukkiriza kw'abafugibwa, eddembe, obwenkanya wansi w'amateeka, [[demokulasiya]], [[obwenkanya mu bantu]], [[eddembe ly'obwannannyini]], n'okwagala [[gavumenti eriko ekkomo]]. [ x ]<ref>Hoeveler, J. David, ''Creating the American Mind: Intellect and Politics in the Colonial Colleges'', Rowman & Littlefield, {{ISBN|978-0-7425-4839-8}}, 2007, p. xi.</ref> Amerika efunye obuyinza obw'amaanyi amakalubo era n'amagonvu okuyita mu buyinza bwayo obw'obwenkanya, amaanyi gaayo mu by'enfuna, emikago gy'amagye, n'okutunda ebweru w'eggwanga eby'obuwangwa nga firimu z'Amerika, ennyimba, emizannyo gya vidiyo, emizannyo, n'emmere.<ref>{{Cite magazine|last1=Fergie|first1=Dexter|date=March 24, 2022|title=How American Culture Ate the World|url=https://newrepublic.com/article/165836/american-culture-ate-world-righteous-smokescreen-globalization-review|access-date=July 3, 2022|magazine=[[The New Republic]]|issn=0028-6583}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Enkola ya Amerika mu kuleetera ensi endala okugifaanana ng'eyita mu maanyi amagonvu eyitibwa [[Americanization]]. Kumpi Abamerika bonna abaliwo oba bajjajjaabwe baava mu [[Bulaaya, Afirika, oba Asia]] (" [[Old World|Ensi Enkadde]] ") mu byasa bitaano ebiyise. Obuwangwa bwa Amerika [[obukulu]] buwangwa bwa mawanga g’obugwanjuba okusinga obusibuka mu nnono z’abasenguka Abazungu nga bulina ebikwatibwako okuva mu nsonda endala nnyingi, gamba [[ng’ennono ezaaleetebwa abaddu okuva mu Africa]]. Okusenguka okusembyeyo okuva mu [[Asia]] n’okusingira ddala [[Latin American culture|Latin America]] kwongera ku kutabula kw’obuwangwa okubadde okwogerwako ng’ensuwa esaanuuka, n’ebbakuli [[Salad bowl (cultural idea)|ya kachumbaali]] ow’enjawulo, ng’abasenguka bayamba, emirundi mingi [[Assimilation (phonology)|okugatta]] mu buwangwa bwa Amerika obukulu. Mu [[nnongoosereza eyasooka mu Ssemateeka]], Amerika etwalibwa ng'erina [[obukuumi obw'amaanyi obw'eddembe ly'okwogera okusinga ensi endala yonna]] . Okutyoboola bendera, okwogera eby'obukyayi, okuvvoola, okuyisa amaaso mu mukulembeze w'eggwanga byonna ngeri za kwolesa okukuumibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 19, 2012 |title=Held Dear In U.S., Free Speech Perplexing Abroad |url=https://www.npr.org/2012/09/19/161439562/held-dear-in-u-s-free-speech-perplexing-abroad |access-date=March 4, 2023 |publisher=[[NPR]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Liptak |first=Adam |date=June 11, 2008 |title=Hate speech or free speech? What much of West bans is protected in U.S. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/11/world/americas/11iht-hate.4.13645369.html |url-access=limited |access-date=February 21, 2023 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Durkee |first=Alison |date=April 25, 2018 |title=What if we didn't... have the First Amendment? |url=https://www.mic.com/articles/188402/what-if-we-didnt-have-the-first-amendment |access-date=February 6, 2023 |website=Mic |language=en}}</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya Pew Research Center mu 2016 kwazuula nti Abamerika be basinga okuwagira eddembe ly’okwogera mu byobufuzi byonna ebipimiddwa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wike |first=Richard |date=October 12, 2016 |title=Americans more tolerant of offensive speech than others in the world |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/10/12/americans-more-tolerant-of-offensive-speech-than-others-in-the-world/ |access-date=February 6, 2023 |website=Pew Research Center |language=en-US}}</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, be "basinga okuwagira eddembe ly'amawulire n'eddembe ly'okukozesa yintaneeti awatali kusengejja gavumenti". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gray |first=Alex |date=November 8, 2016 |title=Freedom of speech: which country has the most? |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/11/freedom-of-speech-country-comparison/ |access-date=February 6, 2023 |website=World Economic Forum |language=en}}</ref> Amerika nsi ekulaakulanye mu mbeera z'abantu <ref>{{Harvnb|Norris|2023}}.</ref> ng'erina endowooza ey'okuguminkiriza ezeetoolodde kikula ky'abantu . <ref name="Derks-2020">{{Harvnb|Derks|van den Berg|2020|p=338}}.</ref> Eddembe lya LGBTQ mu Amerika lye limu ku lisinga ly'awaggulu okusinziira ku mutindo gw’ensi yonna. <ref name="Derks-2020" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Leveille |first=Dan |date=December 4, 2009 |title=LGBT Equality Index: The most LGBT-friendly countries in the world |url=https://www.equaldex.com/equality-index |access-date=January 26, 2023 |website=[[Equaldex]] |quote=13.) United States}}</ref> <ref>{{Harvnb|Garretson|2018}}.</ref> Ekirooto ky’Amerika, oba endowooza nti Abamerika banyumirwa emitendera egy’okuyukakyuka mu bantu, kikola kinene mu kusikiriza abagwira. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Clifton |first=Jon |date=March 21, 2013 |title=More Than 100 Million Worldwide Dream of a Life in the U.S. More than 25% in Liberia, Sierra Leone, Dominican Republic want to move to the U.S. |url=https://www.gallup.com/poll/161435/100-million-worldwide-dream-life.aspx |access-date=January 10, 2014 |publisher=Gallup}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kulkarni |first=Jay |date=January 12, 2022 |title=Attracting Immigrant Talent With A New American Dream |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesbusinesscouncil/2022/01/12/attracting-immigrant-talent-with-a-new-american-dream/ |access-date=July 24, 2024 |website=[[Forbes]] |language=en}}</ref> Okuba kw'endowooza eno entuufu ebadde nsonga ya kukubaganyako birowoozo. <ref name="socialmobility">{{Cite web |year=2010 |title=A Family Affair: Intergenerational Social Mobility across OECD Countries |url=https://www.oecd.org/tax/public-finance/chapter%205%20gfg%202010.pdf |access-date=September 20, 2010 |website=Economic Policy Reforms: Going for Growth |publisher=OECD}}</ref> <ref name="CAP">{{Cite web |date=April 26, 2006 |title=Understanding Mobility in America |url=https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/economy/news/2006/04/26/1917/understanding-mobility-in-america/ |website=Center for American Progress}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gould |first=Elise |date=October 10, 2012 |title=U.S. lags behind peer countries in mobility |url=https://www.epi.org/publication/usa-lags-peer-countries-mobility/ |access-date=July 15, 2013 |website=[[Economic Policy Institute]]}}</ref> Wadde ng’obuwangwa obukulu bugamba nti Amerika nsi etaliimu madaala g'awula bantu, abakenkufu balaba enjawulo ennene wakati w'amadaala g’abantu mu ggwanga, ekikosa [[enkolagana y’abantu]], olulimi, n’empisa. Abamerika batera okutwala ennyo ebituukiddwaako mu by’enfuna by'abantu ng’ekikulu, naye okubeera owa bulijjo oba owa wakati kitumbulwa abamu ng’embeera ey’ekikungu nayo. [[Ekitongole kya National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities]] kitongole kya gavumenti ya Amerika eya federo ekyatandikibwawo mu 1965 n'ekigendererwa eky'oku "kulaakulanya n'okutumbula enkola y'eggwanga eyalowoozebwa mu bugazi ey'okuwagira eby'obuntubulamu n'eby'emikono mu Amerika, n'olw'ebitongole ebikuuma eby'obuwangwa bya Amerika." <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities |url=https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/national-foundation-on-the-arts-and-the-humanities |access-date=October 1, 2022 |website=[[Federal Register]]}}</ref> == Ebyagiwandiikibwako == Abawandiisi b’Amerika ab’amatwale baakwatibwako [[John Locke]] n’abawi b'endowooza abalala . Ekiseera ky'enkyukakyuka mu Amerika (175–1783) kyeyoleka nnyo olw'ebiwandiiko by'ebyobufuzi ebya [[Benjamin Franklin]], [[Alexander Hamilton]], [[Thomas Paine]], ne [[Thomas Jefferson]] . Akaseera katono [[ng’olutalo lw’enkyukakyuka terunnabaawo]], olupapula luno lwalinnya mu ttutumu, ne lujjuza obwetaavu bw’ebiwandiiko by’eggwanga ebyali biwakanya Bungereza. <ref>Mulford, Carla.</ref> Omuzannyo ogwasooka gwe gwa [[William Hill Brown]] ogwa ''[[The Power of Sympathy]]'', ogwafulumizibwa mu 1791. Omuwandiisi era omuvumirira [[John Neal]] ku ntandikwa okutuuka mu makkati g’ekyasa eky’ekkuminoomwenda yayamba okutumbula Amerika okutuuka ku biwandiiko n’obuwangwa obw’enjawulo ng’avumirira abasooka nga [[Washington Irving]] olw’okukoppa bannaabwe ab’e Bungereza, era ng’akwata ku bawandiisi nga [[Edgarn Poe]], eyatwala ebitontome by’Amerika n’ebitontome ebimpi mu makubo amapya. [[Ralph Waldo Emerson]] ne [[Margaret Fuller be]] baatandikawo ekibiina kya [[Transcendentalism]] ekyalina amaanyi mu bantu; <ref>{{Cite web |last=Finseth |first=Ian Frederick |title=The Emergence of Transcendentalism |url=http://xroads.virginia.edu/~ma95/finseth/trans.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718205554/http://xroads.virginia.edu/~MA95/finseth/trans.html |archive-date=July 18, 2023 |access-date=November 9, 2014 |website=American Studies @ The University of Virginia |publisher=[[The University of Virginia]]}}</ref> [[Henry David Thoreau]], omuwandiisi w'ekitabo ''[[Walden]]'', yasikirizibwa ekibiina kino. Enkaayana ezaali zeetoololera ku [[enkola y’okuggyawo abaddu|nkola y’okuggyawo abaddu]] zaaluŋŋamya abawandiisi, nga [[Harriet Beecher Stowe]], n’abawandiisi abaali boogera ku baddu, nga [[Frederick Douglass]] . Ekitabo kya [[Nathaniel Hawthorne]] ekiyitibwa ''[[The Scarlet Letter]]'' (1850) kyanoonyereza ku ludda olw’ekizikiza mu byafaayo bya Amerika, nga bwe kyali mu kitabo kya [[Herman Melville]] ekya ''[[Moby-Dick]]'' (1851). Abayimbi abakulu mu Amerika ab’omu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okuzzaawo eddiini y’Amerika kuliko [[Walt Whitman]], Melville, ne [[Emily Dickinson]]. [[Mark Twain]] ye muwandiisi omukulu Omumerika eyasooka okuzaalibwa mu mawanga g'obugwanjuba. [[Henry James]] yafuna okusiimibwa mu nsi yonna n’ebitabo bye nga ''[[The Portrait of a Lady]]'' (1881). Ng’omuwendo gw’abamanyi okusoma n’okuwandiika gweyongera, aba periodicals baafulumyanga byafulumya emboozi endala ezaali zeetooloolera ku bakozi mu makolero, abakyala, n’abaavu ab’omu byalo. Enzikiriza y’obutonde ([[Naturalism]]) enkola y’ebitundu, ([[regionalism]]) n’enkola ey’amazima ( [[realism]]) bye byali ebibiina ebikulu omwaggyibwanga emiramwa mu biwandiiko mu kiseera ekyo.   Wadde ng’okutwalira awamu [[enkola y’omulembe]] yafuna okusaasaana mu nsi yonna, abawandiisi ab’omulembe abaali bakola munda mu Amerika baali batera okusimba emirandira gy’emirimu gyabwe mu bitundu, abantu, n’obuwangwa ebimu. Oluvannyuma lw’okusenguka okwamaanyi okugenda mu bibuga eby’obukiikakkono, abawandiisi Abafirika-Abamerika n’abaddugavu [[aba West Indian]] ab’omulembe gw’okuzzaawo eddiini mu Harlem baakola ennono eyetongodde ey’ebiwandiiko eyavumirira ebyafaayo ebyalimu enjawukana mu madaala g'abantu era nga bakuza obuwangwa bw’abaddugavu. Ekikulu eky'obuwangwa okutunda ebweru w'eggwanga mu [[kiseera kya Jazz]], ebiwandiiko bino byali bikulu nnyo ku ''[[Négritude]]'', nga eno yali ndowooza eyajja gya 1930 mu bawandiisi aba francophone ab'omu Afirika abali mu nsi endala.<ref>[[Hortense Spillers|Spillers, Hortense]].</ref>[[Great American Novel|​]] [[Beat Generation|​]] <ref>{{harvnb|Lauter|1994b|pp=1975–1977}}.</ref> Mu myaka gya 1950, ekirowoozo ky'okuba n'embeera ezifaanagana yaleetera abawandiisi bangi okugezaako okuwandiika ekitabo ekya [[Great American Novel]],nga omulembe gwa [[Beat Generation]] bo baagaana endowooza eno nga bakozesa engeri ezaasitula ebyali biva mu kwogera ebitaali bya kukola bikolwa okunnyonnyola okukozesa ebiragalalagala, embeera z'ekikula, n'okulemwa mu bantu. Ebiwandiiko eby’omulembe guno bitunuulira nnyo ebintu mu bungi okusinga mu mirembe egyayita, ng’ekintu ekisinga okuba okumpi n’ekintu ekigatta abantu gwe muze gw’okugezesa olulimi . Aba Amerika 12 abawangula baabawa ekirabo kya [[Nobel Prize in Literature]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=All Nobel Prizes in Literature |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-prizes-in-literature/all/ |access-date=August 6, 2024 |website=The Nobel Prize |publisher=Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2024}}</ref> == Ebyempuliziganya byayo == Ebitongole ebina ebikulu ebiweereza ku mpewo mu Amerika byebya; kampuni ya [[National Broadcasting Company]] (NBC), [[Columbia Broadcasting System]] (CBS), [[American Broadcasting Company]] (ABC), ne [[Fox Broadcasting Company]] (Fox). Emikutu gya ttivvi ena emikulu egy’okuweereza ku mpewo gyonna gya bya busuubuzi. Ekitongole kya [[Public Broadcasting Service]] (PBS) kye kitongole ekinene mu ggwanga ekiweereza ku mpewo z'olukale ezitali za bya busuubuzi ; <ref name="About PBS">{{Cite web |title=About PBS – Overview |url=http://pbs.org/about/about-pbs/overview/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907224131/http://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/overview/ |archive-date=September 7, 2018 |access-date=September 10, 2018 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> era egaba pulogulaamu z’ebyenjigiriza ng’eyita mu ndaga PBS ez’omu kitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Terbo |first=William |title=Video Documentaries |url=https://www.teslamemorialsociety.org/TMSud_Documentaries.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326025950/http://www.teslamemorialsociety.org/TMSud_Documentaries.htm |archive-date=March 26, 2023 |access-date=June 26, 2023 |website=Tesla Memorial Society |quote="Tesla, Master of Lightning", New Voyage Communications for PBS Television Network, 2000, 90 minutes.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ray Suarez |url=https://www.carnegiecouncil.org/people/ray-suarez |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612035410/https://www.carnegiecouncil.org/people/ray-suarez |archive-date=June 12, 2022 |access-date=July 14, 2022 |website=Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs |quote=Suarez joined the PBS NewsHour in 1999 and was a senior correspondent for the evening news program on the PBS television network until 2013.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=PBS Television Broadcasts |url=https://www.insidepeacemovie.com/pbs/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628122359/https://www.insidepeacemovie.com/pbs/ |archive-date=June 28, 2022 |access-date=July 14, 2022 |website=Inside Peace |quote=We are pleased to announce the release of Inside Peace throughout the PBS television network in the United States.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Federal Funding for Public Broadcasting |url=https://www.wfyi.org/federal-funding-for-public-broadcasting |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111083755/https://www.wfyi.org/federal-funding-for-public-broadcasting |archive-date=November 11, 2021 |access-date=October 26, 2021 |publisher=WFYI}}</ref> Enkola ya [[U.S. cable television system]] egaba ebikumi n’ebikumi by’emikutu egikola ku bifo eby’enjawulo. <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Mu 2021, nga 83% ku Abamerika abasukka mu myaka 12 baawuliriza [[leediyo ku mpewo]], ate nga 40% baawuliriza [[podcasts]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 29, 2021 |title=Audio and Podcasting Fact Sheet |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/journalism/fact-sheet/audio-and-podcasting/ |access-date=July 3, 2022 |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]]}}</ref> Mu mwaka ogwali guyise, waaliwo leediyo 15,460 ezaalina layisinsi okukola wonna mu Amerika okusinziira ku kakiiko k’ebyempuliziganya aka Federal Communications Commission (FCC). <ref>{{Cite web |title=BROADCAST STATION TOTALS AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 2020 |url=https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DOC-367270A1.pdf |website=docs.fcc.gov}}</ref> Okuweereza ku leediyo z'olukale kusinga kuweebwa [[leediyo ya ggwanga]] (NPR), eyassibwawo mu Gwokubiri 1970 wansi [[w'etteeka ly'okuweereza ku mpewo mu lujjudde erya 1967]] . <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Empapula z'amawulire mu Amerika ezituuse mu nsi yonna era ezimanyiddwa ennyo mulimu ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', ''[[The New York Times]]'', ''[[The Washington Post]]'', ne ''[[USA Today]]'' . [[List of Spanish-language newspapers published in the United States|Ebiwandiiko nga 800]] bifulumizibwa mu lulimi Olusipeyini. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Spanish Newspapers in United States |url=https://www.w3newspapers.com/usa/spanish |access-date=August 5, 2014 |publisher=W3newspapers}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Spanish Language Newspapers in the USA: Hispanic Newspapers: Periódiscos en Español en los EE.UU |url=https://www.onlinenewspapers.com/usstate/spanish-language-newspapers-usa.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140626114455/https://www.onlinenewspapers.com/usstate/spanish-language-newspapers-usa.htm |archive-date=June 26, 2014 |access-date=August 5, 2014 |publisher=Onlinenewspapers.com}}</ref> Ng’oggyeeko abatono, empapula z’amawulire za bwannannyini, oba enjegere ennene nga [[Gannett Company|Gannett]] oba [[The McClatchy Company|McClatchy]], ezirina empapula z’amawulire amakumi oba n’ebikumi; nga bakozesa enjegere entonotono ezirina empapula entonotono; oba mu mbeera eyeeyongera okubeera etali ya bulijjo, mu bantu ssekinnoomu oba amaka. Ebibuga ebinene bitera okuba n’empapula [[z’amawulire endala]] okujjuuliriza empapula z’amawulire enkulu eza buli lunaku, gamba nga ''[[The Village Voice]]'' mu kibuga New York ne ''[[LA Weekly]]'' mu Los Angeles. Emikutu etaano egisinga okukyalibwa mu nsi yonna ye [[Google]], [[YouTube]], [[Facebook]], [[Instagram]], ne [[ChatGPT]] &#x2014; gyonna gya Amerika. Emikutu emirala egyamanyiddwa ennyo egyakozesebwa mulimu [[X (social network)|X]] (eyali Twitter) ne [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] . <ref name="alexa-topsitesus">{{Cite web |year=2021 |title=Top Sites in United States |url=https://www.alexa.com/topsites/countries/US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621221154/https://www.alexa.com/topsites/countries/US |archive-date=June 21, 2020 |access-date=October 6, 2021 |publisher=Alexa}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 9, 2026 |title=Similarweb Top Websites Ranking |url=https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/ |access-date=January 9, 2026 |website=[[Similarweb]]}}</ref> Mu 2025, Amerika ye yali ekwata ekifo ekyokubiri mu nsi yonna mu katale k'emizannyo gya vidiyo okusinziira ku nfuna (oluvannyuma lwa China). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Top countries and markets by video game revenues |url=https://newzoo.com/resources/rankings/top-10-countries-by-game-revenues |access-date=October 28, 2025 |website=Newzoo}}</ref> Mu 2015, ekitongole ky’emizannyo gya vidiyo mu Amerika kyalimu kkampuni 2,457 ezaawa abantu emirimu nga 220,000 era nga ziyingiza obuwumbi bwa ddoola 30.4. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Takahashi |first=Dean |date=February 15, 2017 |title=The U.S. game industry has 2,457 companies supporting 220,000 jobs |url=https://gamesbeat.com/the-u-s-game-industry-has-2457-companies-supporting-220000-jobs/ |access-date=July 4, 2025 |website=GamesBeat |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu California yokka mulimu abafulumya emizannyo, abagizimba, n’abakola ebyuma ebikozesebwa mu kukola emizannyo 444. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 20, 2017 |title=California (CA) |url=https://www.theesa.com/video-game-impact-map/state/california/ |access-date=December 14, 2022 |website=ESA Impact Map |language=en-US}}</ref> Okusinziira ku [[Game Developers Conference|lukungaana lwa Game Developers Conference]] (GDC), Amerika kye kifo ekisinga okukulaakulanya emizannyo gya vidiyo, nga 58% ku [[bakola emizannyo]] mu nsi yonna baali basinziira eyo mu 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 25, 2025 |title=Number of Devs Aged 45 or Older Has Tripled Since 2015 |url=https://80.lv/articles/number-of-devs-aged-45-or-older-has-tripled-since-2015 |access-date=July 4, 2025 |website=80.lv |language=en}}</ref> [[Eddembe ly'emikutu gy'amawulire]] lyateekebwa mu kibinja kya "ekirimu ebizibu" ekitongole ekya [[Reporters Without Borders]] mu 2026, era abamanyi bakirabye nti okusengejja n'okwesengejja kwa ssekinnoomu kweyongedde nnyo mu myaka egiyise. <ref name=":32">{{Cite web |title=Index 2026 – Global score |url=https://rsf.org/en/index?year=2026 |access-date=2026-05-01 |website=[[Reporters Without Borders]] |language=en}}</ref> Amerika emanyiddwa nnyo olw’ebifo awazannyirwa katemba. Ekifo ekikulu mu Amerika kiva mu nnono ya katemba enkadde ey'Abazungu era abadde akwatibwako nnyo [[katemba w'Abangereza]]. Mu makkati g’ekyasa eky’ekkuminoomwenda, Amerika yali etonzeewo engeri empya ez’enjawulo ez’emizannyo mu [[Tom Shows]], [[Showboat|showboat theatre]] ne minstrel show.<ref>Meserve, Walter J. An Outline History of American Drama, New York: Feedback/Prospero, 1994.</ref> Ekifo ekisinga obukulu awazannyirwa katemba mu Amerika ye Theatre District mu Manhattan, ng'erina enjawulo zaayo okuli [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]], [[off-Broadway]], ne [[off-off-Broadway]]. Bangi ku [[basereebu]] ba firimu ne ttivvi bafunye empummula zabwe ennene nga bakola mu kufulumya kw'omu New York. Ebweru w’ekibuga New York, ebibuga bingi birina kkampuni za katemba ez’ekikugu ez’omu kitundu oba ez’abatuuze ezikola sizoni zaazo. Ebikolwa bya katemba ebisinga okubeera ku mbalirira biba bya nnyimba. Katemba wa Amerika alina obuwangwa bwa katemba w’ekitundu obukola.<ref>Stephen Watt, and Gary A. Richardson, ''American Drama: Colonial to Contemporary'' (1994).</ref> [[Tony Awards]] zisiima okukola obulungi mu katemba wa Broadway obutereevu era nga ziweebwa ku awaadi za mukolo ogutegekebwa buli mwaka mu [[kibuga Manhattan]] . Engule zino ziweebwa ku pulodyusoni za Broadway n’okuyimba. Ekimu era kiweebwa ku [[katemba w'ekitundu]] . <ref>Staff (undated).</ref> == Ebifaananyi n'ebisiige byayo == [[Ebifaananyi n'ebisiige ebikwata ku buuvo bw'abantu]] mu [[Colonial america|Amerika ey’abafuzi b'amatwale]] byakula okuva mu [[Workmanship|by’emikono]] mu bitundu ebyasobozesa abantu abatendekeddwa bulijjo okulaga kyebasobola ssekinnoomu. Byali bya njawulo ku nnono ya Bulaaya ey’ebifaananyi [[eby’ekika ekya waggulu]], nga byo bali bizibu nnyo okusanga era okutwalira awamu nga tebirina nnyo mugaso eri abasenze b’Abamerika abaasooka. <ref>American folk art the art of the common man in America, 1750-1900.</ref> Enteekateeka z’ebyobuwangwa mu by’emikono mu Amerika ey’amatwale okutwalira awamu zaali zisigadde mabega w’ezo ez'obugwanjuba bwa Bulaaya. Ng’ekyokulabirako, omusono ogw’omulembe ogw’omu makkati ogw’[[okukola embaawo]] [[n’okubumba]] eby’edda gwafuuka gwa mugaso nnyo mu by’emikono eby’abantu ab’omu Amerika ebyaggyangayo obuvo, wadde [[ng’emisono gy’okuzzaawo eddiini]] gyavaayo mu Bungereza ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’ekkumi n’omukaaga n’okutandika kw’ekyasa eky’ekkuminoomusanvu. Emisono emipya egy’Abangereza gyandibadde gyeyambisibwa nga bukyali okusobola okukola kinene ku by’emikono eby’abantu b’omu Amerika, naye emisono n’engeri z’Abamerika zaali zannyikira dda mu bantu n’amaanyi. Emisono tegyakoma ku kukyuka mpola mu Amerika eyasooka, naye waaliwo omuze gw’abakozi b’emikono ab’omu byalo eyo okugenda mu maaso n’engeri zaabwe ez’ennono okumala ebbanga eddene okusinga bannaabwe ab’omu bibuga era nga ng'ekiseera kyali kiwanvu nnyo okusinga ekyabo ab'omu Bugwanjuba bwa Bulaaya. Essomero lya [[Hudson River School]] lyali kibiina eky’omu makkati g’ekyasa eky’ekkuminoomwenda mu nnono y’ebifaananyi [[eby’obutonde]] bw’Abazungu . [[Omwoleso gw’eby’okulwanyisa ogwategekebwa]] mu kibuga New York mu 1913,gwali omwoleso ow’ebifaananyi [[Modern art|eby’omulembe]] eby’Abazungu, gwawuniikiriza abantu era ne gukyusa ekifo ky’ebyemikono mu Amerika. [[American Realism]] ne [[American Regionalism]] zaafuba okwefumiitiriza n’okuwa Amerika engeri empya ez’okwetunuulira. [[Georgia O'Keeffe|Georgia O’Keeffe]], [[Marsden Hartley]], n’abalala baagezesa emisono emipya era egy’omuntu ssekinnoomu, egyandimanyiddwa nga [[American modernism]] . Enteekateeka ennene ez’eby’emikono nga [[abstract expressionism]] eya [[Jackson Pollock]] ne [[Willem de Kooning]] n’enkola ya [[pop art]] eya [[Andy Warhol]] ne [[Roy Lichtenstein]] zaakulaakulana nnyo mu Amerika. Abakubi b'ebifaananyi abakulu kuliko [[Alfred Stieglitz]], [[Edward Steichen]], [[Dorothea Lange]], [[Edward Weston]], [[James Van Der Zee]], [[Ansel Adams]] ne [[Gordon Parks]] . Omuyaga [[Modernism|gw’ebyomulembe]] n’ebyaddirira oluvannyuma [[Postmodernism|lw’omulembe]] guleese ettutumu mu nsi yonna eri abakubi b’ebifaananyi ab’omu Amerika, omuli [[Frank Lloyd Wright]], [[Philip Johnson]], ne [[Frank Gehry]]. [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] mu [[Manhattan]] lye [[Art museum|kkaddiyizo ly’ebyemikono]] erisinga obunene mu Amerika <ref name="METLargestArtMuseum">{{Cite news |last=Lester |first=Alfred |date=December 6, 1993 |title=Letter: The Louvre: tourism on the grand scale |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/letter-the-louvre-tourism-on-the-grand-scale-1465736.html |access-date=December 2, 2023 |work=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> era lye [[List of largest art museums|lyokuna]] mu nsi yonna. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 30, 2017 |title=The Largest Art Museums In The World |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-largest-art-museums-in-the-world.html |website=WorldAtlas}}</ref> Ennyimba z’abantu mu Amerika ez'obuwangwa zizingiramu ebika by’ennyimba bingi, eby’enjawulo ebimanyiddwa nga ennyimba ez’ekinnansi, ennyimba z’obuwangwa, ennyimba z’abantu ez’omulembe, oba ennyimba z’obuvo. Ennyimba nnyingi ez’ennono ziyimbibwa mu ttuluba ge gamu oba mu kibiina ky’abantu okumala emirembe, era oluusi zidda mu nsibuko ng’[[ebizinga by’e Bungereza]], [[Bulaaya enkulu]], oba [[Afirika]]. <ref name="afc">{{Cite web |title=Folk Music and Song: American Folklife Center: An Illustrated Guide (Library of Congress) |url=https://www.loc.gov/folklife/guide/folkmusicandsong.html |website=Loc.gov}}</ref> Emisono gy’ennyimba naddala egy’ennyimba z’Abafirika-Abamerika gifudde ku nnyimba z'Abamerika. <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 22, 2016 |title=Musical Crossroads: African American Influence on American Music |url=https://music.si.edu/story/musical-crossroads |access-date=April 14, 2023 |website=Smithsonian}}</ref> [[Banjo]] zaaleetebwa mu Amerika nga ziyita mu kusuubula abaddu. [[Ebivvulu bya Minstrel]] okuyingiza ekivuga kino mu bikolwa byabwe era kyakiviirako okwettanirwa ennyo n’okufulumizibwa ennyo mu kyasa eky’ekkuminoomwenda. [[Electric guitar|Endongo ey’amasannyalaze]], eyasooka okuyiiyizibwa mu myaka gya 1930, era n’ekolebwa mu bungi mu myaka gya 1940, yalina kinene nnyo kye yakola ku nnyimba ezimanyiddwa ennyo, naddala [[rock and roll]] . <ref name="axe">{{Cite web |date=April 18, 2014 |title=The Invention of the Electric Guitar |url=https://invention.si.edu/invention-electric-guitar |website=Lemelson Center Studies in Invention and Innovation |publisher=Smithsonian Institution}}</ref> The [[synthesizer]], [[turntablism]], ne [[electronic music]] nabyo byakolebwa nnyo mu Amerika. Emiramwa egy'enjawulo egyaggyibwa mu bisoko by'obuwangwa bw’abantu nga [[blues]] n’ennyimba ez’edda byatwalibwa ne bifuulibwa [[ennyimba ez’ettutumu]] eri abalabi ab’ensi yonna. [[Jazz]] yakula okuva mu blues ne [[ragtime]] ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa eky'amakumi abiri, n'ekulaakulana okuva mu buyiiya n'okukwata ennyimba z'abayimbi nga [[W.C. Handy|WC Handy]] ne [[Jelly Roll Morton]] . [[Louis Armstrong]] ne [[Duke Ellington]] baayongera okwettanirwa ku dikwa y’ekyasa eky’amakumi abiri. Ennyimba eziyitibwa[[country music]] zaakyaka mu myaka gya 1920, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stoia |first=Nicholas |date=October 21, 2014 |title=Early blues and country music |url=https://blog.oup.com/2014/10/early-blues-country-music/ |website=OUP blog |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> eza[[Bluegrass music|bluegrass]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bluegrass music |url=https://www.britannica.com/art/bluegrass-music |access-date=June 19, 2020 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> and [[rhythm and blues]] mu myaka gya 1940, ne rock and roll mu myaka gya 1950. <ref name="axe2">{{Cite web |date=April 18, 2014 |title=The Invention of the Electric Guitar |url=https://invention.si.edu/invention-electric-guitar |website=Lemelson Center Studies in Invention and Innovation |publisher=Smithsonian Institution}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1960, [[Bob Dylan]] yava mu [[American folk music revival|kuvumirira ennyimba ennansi]]<nowiki/>n’afuuka omu ku bawandiisi b’ennyimba abasinga okumanyika mu ggwanga. <ref>{{cite magazine|date=April 10, 2020|title=No. 1 Bob Dylan|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/interactive/lists-100-greatest-songwriters/#bob-dylan|magazine=Rolling Stone|access-date=January 29, 2021}}</ref> Ebika by’ennyimba ebya [[Punk rock|punk]] ne [[hip hop]] byombi byasibuka mu Amerika mu myaka gya 1970. Amerika y’erina [[List of largest recorded music markets|akatale k’ennyimba akasinga obunene]] mu nsi yonna, ng’omuwendo gwa ddoola obuwumbi 15.9 mu 2022, <ref>{{Cite web |title=2022 Year-End Music Industry Revenue Report |url=https://www.riaa.com/reports/2022-year-end-music-industry-revenue-report-riaa/ |access-date=November 26, 2023 |publisher=Record Industry Association of America |language=en-US}}</ref> era y’esinga okutunda ennyimba ebweru w’eggwanga. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Posada |first=Susana Pérez |date=2025-11-06 |title=Made in the USA: American artists rule Spotify at home and abroad |url=https://www.bellinghamherald.com/entertainment/article312069840.html |access-date=2026-05-28 |publisher=[[The Bellingham Herald]] |quote=America exports more music than any other country.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Savage |first=Mark |date=2021-06-16 |title=British music exports reach a record high |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-57486272 |access-date=2026-05-28 |publisher=[[BBC]] |language=en-GB |quote=According to the BPI, the UK is still the largest exporter of music in the world, after the USA [...]}}</ref> [[Record label#Major labels|Kkampuni ezisinga ezikola ddisiki]] mu nsi yonna zisangibwa mu Amerika; bakiikirirwa ekibiina ekigatta amakolero agakwata ennyimba ekya [[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hennessy |first=Eoin |date=March 27, 2014 |title=How American Music Took Over the World |url=https://universitytimes.ie/2014/03/how-american-music-took-over-the-world/ |access-date=April 28, 2023 |website=[[The University Times]]}}</ref> Abayimbi ba Pop mu Amerika mu makkati g’ekyasa eky’amakumi abiri, nga [[Frank Sinatra]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2015 |title=10 ways that Frank Sinatra changed the world |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/music/2015/12/08/10-ways-frank-sinatra-changed-world/76381754/ |access-date=June 24, 2021 |website=USA Today}}</ref> ne [[Elvis Presley]], <ref>{{Cite news |date=April 12, 2022 |title=Universal Music can't help falling for Elvis Presley, to manage song catalog |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-universal-music-elvis-idCAKCN2M40UH |access-date=April 12, 2022 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> baafuuka [[Superstar|basereebu mu nsi yonna]] [[List of best-selling music artists|n’abayimbi abasinga okutunda ennyimba]], nga n’abayimbi ab’oku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’amakumi abiri, nga [[Michael Jackson]], <ref name="RIAA">{{Cite web |date=December 16, 2015 |title=Michael Jackson's 'Thriller' First Ever 30X Multi-Platinum RIAA Certification |url=https://www.riaa.com/michael-jacksons-thriller-first-ever-30x-multi-platinum-riaa-certification/ |access-date=December 17, 2021 |publisher=Recording Industry Association of America}}</ref> [[Madonna]], <ref>{{Cite news |last=Marcos |first=Carlos |date=August 17, 2022 |title=Madonna has been scandalizing people for 40 years, and nobody's going to stop her |url=https://english.elpais.com/culture/2022-08-17/madonna-has-been-scandalizing-people-for-40-years-and-nobodys-going-to-stop-her.html |access-date=August 17, 2022 |work=[[El País]]}}</ref> [[Whitney Houston]], <ref name="Rolling Stone-2023">{{cite magazine|date=January 1, 2023|title=The 200 Greatest Singers of All Time|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/best-singers-all-time-1234642307/whitney-houston-11-1234643211/|magazine=Rolling Stone|access-date=January 2, 2023}}</ref> ne [[Mariah Carey]], <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mariah Carey To Receive Global Impact Award At Recording Academy Honors Presented By The Black Music Collective |url=https://grammy.com/news/mariah-carey-global-impact-award-recording-academy-honors-black-music-collective |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202011657/https://www.grammy.com/news/mariah-carey-global-impact-award-recording-academy-honors-black-music-collective |archive-date=February 2, 2024 |access-date=February 2, 2024 |publisher=Grammy Awards}}</ref> n’aba ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa 21, nga [[Eminem]], <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 12, 2017 |title=11 Guinness World Records Eminem Still Holds |url=http://www.southpawer.com/2017/09/12/eminem-guinness-world-records |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914224707/http://www.southpawer.com/2017/09/12/eminem-guinness-world-records/ |archive-date=September 14, 2017}}</ref> [[Britney Spears]], [[Lady Gaga]], [[Katy Perry]], [[Taylor Swift]] ne [[Beyoncé]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=September 14, 2023 |title=Taylor Swift and Beyoncé reporters wanted by biggest newspaper chain in US |url=https://news.sky.com/story/taylor-swift-and-beyonce-reporters-wanted-by-biggest-newspaper-chain-in-us-12960828 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109015600/https://news.sky.com/story/taylor-swift-and-beyonce-reporters-wanted-by-biggest-newspaper-chain-in-us-12960828 |archive-date=November 9, 2023 |access-date=November 8, 2023 |publisher=[[Sky News]]}}</ref> == Emisono gyabwe == Amerika y’esinga akatale [[Apparel|k’engoye]] mu nsi yonna okusinziira ku nfuna. <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 19, 2024 |title=Global Apparel Industry Statistics (2024) |url=https://www.uniformmarket.com/statistics/global-apparel-industry-statistics |access-date=August 25, 2024 |website=uniformmarket.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Apart from professional [[business attire]], emisono gy’Abamerika gya njawulo era nga gisinga kuba gya mu butongole. Emirandira gy’obuwangwa egy’enjawulo egy’Abamerika gyeyolekera mu ngoye zaabwe; wabula, [[Sneaker|enkampa]], [[Jeans|jjiini]], [[T-shirts|ebiteeteeyi]], [[Baseball cap|n’enkoofiira za baseball]] kabonero ka sitayiro z’Abamerika. <ref name="AmericanClassicFashion">{{Cite web |title=American Classics How seven everyday clothing items became American style staples. |url=https://www.cnn.com/interactive/2019/01/style/american-style-classics/ |access-date=December 4, 2023 |publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref> New York, ne [[New York Fashion Week|wiiki yaayo ey'emisono]], etwalibwa ng'emu ku "Big Four" [[Fashion capital|ebibuga ebikulu eby'emisono]] mu nsi yonna, wamu ne [[Paris Fashion Week|Paris]], [[Milan Fashion Week|Milan]], ne [[London Fashion Week|London]] . Okunoonyereza kwalaga nti okutwalira awamu okubeera okumpi [[Garment District, Manhattan|n’ekitundu ky’engoye mu Manhattan]] kibadde kikwatagana n’emisono gy’Abamerika okuva lwe gyatandikibwawo ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa eky’amakumi abiri. <ref name="GarmentDistrictNYCFashionSymbolUS">{{Cite web |last=Caplin |first=John |date=September 1, 2021 |title=Made In New York: The Future Of New York City's Historic Garment District |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johncaplan/2021/09/01/made-in-new-york-the-future-of-new-york-citys-historic-garment-district/ |access-date=December 5, 2023 |website=[[Forbes]] |quote=Spanning just about 20 square blocks between [[Times Square]] and [[Penn Station (New York)|Penn Station]] along [[Seventh Avenue (Manhattan)|Seventh Avenue]] (also known as "Fashion Avenue"), the vibrant and always-busy neighborhood has a long and rich history that has become synonymous with American fashion since its inception more than a century ago.}}</ref> [[Designer label|Abayimbi abamanyiddwa ennyo abakola engoye]] abawerako nga mu bano mulimu [[Tommy Hilfiger (company)|Tommy Hilfiger]], [[Ralph Lauren Corporation|Ralph Lauren]], [[Tom Ford (brand)|Tom Ford]] ne [[Calvin Klein (fashion house)|Calvin Klein]], ekitebe kyabwe kibeera mu [[Manhattan]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=About Calvin Klein, Inc. |url=https://www.calvinklein.us/en/about-us.html |access-date=June 8, 2025 |website=calvinklein.us |archive-date=June 8, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250608132020/https://www.calvinklein.us/en/about-us.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=About US – Polo Ralph Lauren |url=https://corporate.ralphlauren.com/our-company |access-date=June 8, 2025 |website=[[Ralph Lauren Corporation]]}}</ref> Labels cater to [[Niche market|niche markets]], gamba nga abaana abato. [[New York Fashion Week|Wiiki y’emisono mu New York]] y’emu ku mwoleso gw’emisono ogusinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna, era buli mwaka gutegekebwa emirundi ebiri mu Manhattan; <ref name="USNYCFashionWeekGlobalIndustryTonesetter">{{Cite news |last=Juarez |first=Diana |date=October 4, 2023 |title=The Economic Impact of New York Fashion Week |url=https://thefordhamram.com/93053/news/fashion-week/ |access-date=December 5, 2023 |work=The Fordham Ram}}</ref> ekivvulu kya [[Met Gala]] ekitegekebwa buli mwaka, era nga kiri mu Manhattan, kibadde kiyitibwa "ekiro ekisinga obunene mu nsi y'emisono". <ref name="MetGalaFashion'sBiggestNight1">{{Cite web |last=Bauman |first=Ali |date=May 1, 2023 |title=Met Gala 2023: Fashion's biggest night honors Karl Lagerfeld |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/newyork/news/met-gala-2023-red-carpet/ |access-date=April 30, 2024 |publisher=[[CBS News]]}}</ref> <ref name="MetGalaFashion'sBiggestNight2">{{Cite web |date=April 29, 2024 |title=Met Gala 2024: How to Watch Fashion's Biggest Night |url=https://www.glamour.com/story/met-gala-2024-how-to-watch |access-date=April 30, 2024 |publisher=[[Glamour (magazine)|Glamour]]}}</ref> == Firimu zaabwe == Ekisaawe kya firimu mu Amerika kirina [[Global Hollywood|obuyinza mu nsi yonna era kirina abagoberezi]] . [[Hollywood, Los Angeles|Hollywood]], disitulikiti eri mu masekkati ga Los Angeles, ekibuga ekyokubiri mu ggwanga mu bungi bw’abantu, nakyo [[Metonymous|kimanyiddwa nnyo]] mu mulimu gw’okukola firimu mu Amerika. <ref>{{Cite book |year=1914 |title=Annual Report of the Controller of the City of Los Angeles, California |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1VbOAAAAMAAJ&q=Hollywood+merged+with+City+of+Los+Angeles+in+1910&pg=PA193 |publisher=By[[Office controller|Office of Controller]] Los Angeles, CA (1914) |access-date=February 22, 2014}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |year=1913 |title=Report of the Auditor of the City of Los Angeles California of the Financial Affairs of the Corporation in Its Capacity as a City for the Fiscal Year |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cPo2AQAAMAAJ&q=Hollywood+merged+with+City+of+Los+Angeles+in+1910&pg=PA173 |publisher=By [[State auditor|Auditor's Office]] of Los Angeles, CA (1913) |access-date=February 22, 2014}}</ref> <ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=30707|title=Nigeria surpasses Hollywood as world's second-largest film producer|publisher=United Nations|date=May 5, 2009|access-date=February 17, 2013}}</ref> [[Major film studios|Situdiyo za firimu ennene]] mu Amerika ze zisinga okuvaamu firimu [[List of highest-grossing films|ezisinga okukola obulungi mu by’obusuubuzi]] ezisinga okutunda tikiti mu nsi yonna.   Okusinga nga yeesigamiziddwa mu kitundu ky’ekibuga New York okuva ku ntandikwa yaakyo ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’ekkumi n’omwenda okutuuka mu myaka egyasooka egy’ekyasa eky’amakumi abiri, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kannapell, Andrea |date=October 4, 1998 |title=Getting the Big Picture; The Film Industry Started Here and Left. Now It's Back, and the State Says the Sequel Is Huge. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/10/04/nyregion/getting-big-picture-film-industry-started-here-left-now-it-s-back-state-says.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219034718/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/10/04/nyregion/getting-big-picture-film-industry-started-here-left-now-it-s-back-state-says.html |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |access-date=January 19, 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Market Data |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/market/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515002140/https://www.the-numbers.com/market/ |archive-date=2011-05-15 |access-date=July 11, 2024 |website=The Numbers |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Amith, Dennis |date=January 1, 2011 |title=Before Hollywood There Was Fort Lee, N.J.: Early Movie Making in New Jersey (a J!-ENT DVD Review) |url=https://j-entonline.com/before-hollywood-there-was-fort-lee-n-j-early-movie-making-in-new-jersey-a-j-ent-dvd-review/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222043615/http://j-entonline.com/blu-ray-dvd-reviews/dvd-reviews-film-tv/before-hollywood-there-was-fort-lee-n-j-early-movie-making-in-new-jersey-a-j-ent-dvd-review/ |archive-date=December 22, 2019 |access-date=January 19, 2023 |publisher=J!-ENT |language=en-US |quote=When Hollywood, California, was mostly orange groves, Fort Lee, New Jersey, was a center of American film production.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rose, Lisa |date=April 29, 2012 |title=100 years ago, Fort Lee was the first town to bask in movie magic |url=http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2012/04/100_years_ago_fort_lee_was_the.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929115649/https://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2012/04/100_years_ago_fort_lee_was_the.html |archive-date=September 29, 2018 |access-date=January 19, 2023 |publisher=[[NJ.com]] |language=en-US |quote=Back in 1912, when Hollywood had more cattle than cameras, Fort Lee was the center of the cinematic universe. Icons from the silent era like Mary Pickford, Lionel Barrymore, and Lillian Gish crossed the Hudson River via ferry to emote on Fort Lee back lots.}}</ref> okuva olwo omulimu gwa firimu mu Amerika gubadde gusinga kwesigama mu Hollywood n’ebitundu ebiriraanyewo. Wadde kiri kityo, kkampuni za firimu mu Amerika zibadde zifugibwa amaanyi g’[[okugatta ensi yonna]] mu kyasa 21, era omuwendo gwa firimu ogweyongera okukolebwa awalala. <ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/john-landis-rails-studios-theyre-659222|title=John Landis Rails Against Studios: 'They're Not in the Movie Business Anymore'|magazine=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=January 24, 2015}}</ref> Awaadi za [[Academy Awards]], ezimanyiddwa ennyo nga "the Oscars", zibadde zitegekebwa buli mwaka [[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] okuva mu 1929, era [[Golden Globes]] zibadde zitegekebwa buli mwaka okuva mu January 1944. Omulimu guno gwatuuka ku ntikko mu kiseera ekitera okuyitibwa " [[Classical Hollywood cinema|Golden Age of Hollywood]] ", okuva mu kiseera ky'amaloboozi ekyasooka okutuuka ku ntandikwa y'emyaka gya 1960, <ref>{{Cite news |last=Matthews |first=Charles |date=June 3, 2011 |title=Book explores Hollywood 'Golden Age' of the 1960s-'70s |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/book-explores-hollywood-golden-age-of-the-1960s-70s/2011/02/10/AGh5xJIH_story.html |access-date=August 6, 2015 |work=The Washington Post}}</ref> nga bannakatemba ba screen nga [[John Wayne]] ne [[Marilyn Monroe]] bafuuka abantu abamanyiddwa. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Banner |first=Lois |date=August 5, 2012 |title=Marilyn Monroe, the eternal shape shifter |url=https://www.latimes.com/opinion/la-xpm-2012-aug-05-la-oe-0805-banner-marilyn-monroe-icon-biography-20120805-story.html |access-date=August 6, 2015 |work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rick |first=Jewell |date=August 8, 2008 |title=John Wayne, an American Icon |url=https://www.usc.edu/uscnews/stories/15465.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080822102812/https://www.usc.edu/uscnews/stories/15465.html |archive-date=August 22, 2008 |access-date=August 6, 2015 |publisher=University of Southern California}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1970, " [[New Hollywood]] ", oba "Hollywood Renaissance", yannyonnyolwa firimu ezisingako obugumu ezakwatibwako ebifaananyi eby'amazima eby'Abafaransa n'Abayitale [[Aftermath of World War II|eby'ekiseera eky'oluvannyuma lw'olutalo]] . Ekyasa 21 kibadde kimanyiddwa nnyo olw’okulinnya [[kw’emikutu gy’Amerika egy’okutambuza amawulire]], egyajja okuvuganya ne sinema ez’ennono. <ref name="RE">{{Cite news |last=Seitz |first=Matt Zoller |author-link=Matt Zoller Seitz |date=April 29, 2019 |title=What's Next: Avengers, MCU, Game of Thrones, and the Content Endgame |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/mzs/avengers-mcu-and-the-content-endgame |access-date=July 21, 2021 |work=[[RogerEbert.com]] |publisher=Ebert Digital LLC}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Avery |first=Hannah |date=January 18, 2023 |title=US streaming market growth continues, despite changes in the industry |url=https://www.kantar.com/inspiration/technology/us-streaming-market-growth-continues-despite-changes-in-the-industry |access-date=April 29, 2023 |website=[[Kantar Group]]}}</ref> == Ebika by'emmere yaabwe == Abasenze abaasooka baayingizibwa mu Amerika enzaalwa emmere nga [[Turkey as food|enkoko]] [[Lumonde awusse|enzungu, amatooke]], [[Maize|kasooli]], [[Cucurbita|squash]] ne [[maple syrup]] . Ku byokulabirako ebisinga okuwangaala era ebibunye buli wamu bye bikyukakyuka mu mmere enzaaliranwa eyitibwa [[succotash]] . Abaasooka okusenga n’oluvannyuma abasenguka bino baagatta n’emmere gye baali bamanyidde ddala, gamba [[Wheat flour|ng’obuwunga bw’eŋŋaano]], <ref name="Wheat">{{Cite web |title=Wheat Info |url=https://www.wheatworld.org/wheat-info/fast-facts/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091011012758/https://www.wheatworld.org/wheat-info/fast-facts/ |archive-date=October 11, 2009 |access-date=January 15, 2015 |website=Wheatworld.org}}</ref> ennyama y’ente, n’amata, ne bakola emmere ey’enjawulo ey’Abamerika. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Traditional Indigenous Recipes |url=https://aihd.ku.edu/recipes/index.html |access-date=September 15, 2014 |publisher=American Indian Health and Diet Project}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Akenuwa |first=Ambrose |date=July 1, 2015 |title=Is the United States Still the Land of the Free and Home to the Brave? |url=https://books.apple.com/us/book/is-the-united-states-still-the-land-of-the/id1017814038 |publisher=Lulu Press |isbn=978-1-329-26112-9 |pages=92–94 |access-date=November 20, 2020}}</ref> [[New World crops|Ebirime by’ensi empya]], naddala [[Pumpkin|entangawuuzi]], kasooli, [[Potatoes|amatooke]], n’enkoko enganda ng’emmere enkulu kitundu ku mmenyu y’eggwanga egabanyizibwa ku [[Thanksgiving (United States)|lunaku lw’okwebaza]], ng’Abamerika bangi bateekateeka oba bagula emmere ey’ekinnansi okujaguza omukolo guno. [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] [[Category:Eddiini mu Buganda]] <references /> tpz51xhz4f6kad6mn7ykcyqhjm33dsa James Okello 0 15561 75243 73012 2026-09-24T12:12:20Z Lillylove256 10862 ntereezeza empandiika 75243 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{databox}} '''James Okello''' (yazaalibwa 26 Ogwolubereberye 1990) Munnayuganda muzannyi wa nsero (basketball), azannyira mu tiimu ya [[City Oilers]] ne [[Uganda men's national basketball team|ttiimu y'eggwanga lya Uganda basketball]]. == Obuto bwe n'obulamu bwe obwomunda == Kitaawe yazaala mu bakazi bangi abenjawulo, James Okello yali wa mukaaga ku baana mwenda mu maama we.<ref name="Nsimber">[https://observer.ug/sports/63514-mister-city-oilers Mister City Oilers!] John Vianney Nsimbe ([[The Observer (Uganda)|The Observer]]), 13 February 2020. Accessed 29 June 2021</ref> Weyali ku ssomero, ng’oggyeeko ensero, yali yeenyigira mu mizannyo emirala nga emisinde (ng’omuddusi w’embiro ) [[Omupiira ogw'ebigere|n’omupiira]]. Kaweefube wa Okello 0kwennyigira mu mizannyo naddala ogw'ensero ngayita mu masomero gwamufunira sikaala mu Crane High School okumala emyaka etaano. Mu 2010, yafuna diguli ye eyo. Mu ggwekkuminogumu gwa 2013, James Okello bwe yali wakati ddala mu mpaka z’eggwanga eza ‘playoffs’, kitaawe yaffa. Okuva olwo, James Okello natandika okulabirira amaka ago. Alina Dipulooma mu by'okugula ebintu okuva ku Makerere University Business School. Omuzannyi ow'amanyi owa ttiimu y'eggwanga lya Uganda eya Rugby [[Philip Wokorach|Phillip Wokorach]] muganda wa Okello. Bombi bambala omujoozi nnamba 15. Okello bwe yawangula empaka z'eggwanga eza 2019, Wokorach yateeka ku mikutu gya yintaneeti nti "Nnamba 15 y'efuga eggwanga." == Omulimu ku kiraabu == James Okello yayingizibwa ttiimu ya [[City Oilers]] mu 2012. Kino kkwali kuwagira na kuteesa kw’omutendesi wa Okello owomusiniya, Justus Mugisha, nga, okuva ku ntandikwa ya 2020 abadde akola ng’omuyambi w’omutendesi mu Oilers. Mu 2019, Okello yalondebwa ng'omuzannyi wensero omusajja ow'omwaka mu kibiina kya Uganda Sports Press Association . Ekyo kyaliwo nga tannasikiriza Oilers okuwangula ekikopo kya National Basketball League (NBL) omulundi ogw’omusanvu ogw’omuddiring’anwa ekitabangawo. Mu mpaka zakamalirizo eza 2019–20 eza ‘playoffs’ ne UCU Canons, Oilers yabulwa abazannyi abakulu: [[Stephen Omony]] ne Francis Azolibe eyayingizibwa okuva [[Nigeria|mu Nigeria]]. Ekirala, Jonathan Egau tebazannya. Tony Drileba ne Daniel Jjuuko baazannya ku ddagala eriweweeza ku bulumi. Wabula Okello yakakasa nti emisinde gya Oilers egy’obuwanguzi tegigenda kuggwaawo nga bw’akulembedde ttiimu ye n’ewangula ggoolo 4-3 ez’omuddiring’anwa. Mu mpaka zakamalirizo eza 2018 eza ‘playoff’ nga battunka ne Betway Power, Oilers yakubwa omupiira ogusooka ku ggoolo 66–85. Mu mupiira ogwokubiri, akatundu akasooka kagenda okugwaako nga Okello avaamu omusaayi, oluvannyuma lw’emimwa gye egya wansi okukutukamu ebitundu bibiri. Wabula yazannya ng’ayita mu bulumi era n’ayamba Oilers okuwangula ggoolo 78-71. Oluvannyuma Oilers yaddamu okuwangula ekikopo ku ggoolo 4-1. Tewali muzannyi amaze ebbanga mu City Oilers okusinga James Okello. Okutwalira awamu, yayamba ttiimu eno okufuna empaka z’eggwanga musanvu. == Omulimu gwa ttiimu y’eggwanga == Yayamba [[Uganda men's national basketball team|ttiimu ya Uganda]] okuwangula empaka za Africa Zone Five bbiri mu 2017 ne 2018. Oluvannyuma, yali kitundu ku ttiimu y’emipiira gy’okusunsulamu abagenda okuzannya mu mpaka za AfroBasket 2021 nga battunka ne Misiri, Morocco ne Cape Verde.<ref name="Kaweru">[https://kawowo.com/2021/02/10/okello-optimistic-ahead-of-afrobasket-2021-qualifiers/ Okello optimistic ahead of AfroBasket 2021 Qualifiers] Franklin Kaweru ([[Kawowo Sports]]), 10 February 2021. Accessed 29 June 2021.</ref> == Ebikwata ku muzannyi == James Okello asinga kuzannya kifo kya mu maaso,<ref name="Kaweru" /> mu mbeera ezimu naye azannya amakatti . Hamza Nyambogo, eyali omutendesi omukulu owa KIU Titans yakkaatirizza ebitakwatibwako Okello: “Simanyi muzannyi yenna leero ateekawo omubiri gwe gwonna ku layini ku ttiimu yaabwe nga Okello bw’akola ate nga buli kimu kisinziira ku kyo. Wabula mu Nsero, Okello takkiriza kuwangulwa.” == Ebibalo by’emirimu gya BAL == {{BAL player statistics legend}}{{BAL player statistics start}} |- | style="text-align:left;"|[[2023 BAL season|2023]] | style="text-align:left;"|[[2022–23 City Oilers season|City Oilers]] | 5 || 0 || 14.2 || .143 || .000 || .667 || 2.0 || .8 || .4 || .0 || 1.2 |- | style="text-align:left;"|[[2024 BAL season|2024]] | style="text-align:left;"|[[2023–24 City Oilers season|City Oilers]]|| 6 || 0 || 13.0 || .462 || .000 || .000 || 1.3 || 0.8 || 0.2 || 0.0 || 2.0 |- {{s-end}} == Ebiwandiiko ebikozeseddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] [[Category:Abazannyi bemizannyo mu kampala]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] [[Category:Omupiira mu Uganda]] 8ewgsd3ggm3nlitdvekx89ljk1uc4ma Okaasai Sidronius Opolot 0 15593 75255 71658 2026-09-24T13:29:33Z B722N 6898 removed duplicated link using the suggestion tool 75255 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox|item=Q139555018}} '''<big>Okaasai Sidronius Opolot</big>''' era amanyiddwa nga Sidronius Opolot Okasai (15 Ogwokutaano 1958) [[Munnayuganda]] munnabyabufuzi akola nga mmemba wa [[Paalamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti]] akiikirira essaza lya Kumi mu [[Kumi (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kumi]] mu Palamenti ya Uganda era Minisita omubeezi mu Minisitule y'amasannyalaze n'eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka mu [[Uganda]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6ImJ6TTBrT1l5eEdwc2U4K1ZBb3JjQUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMDVBMTBjcjZwM01iUXNJRG9kMGJTZz09IiwibWFjIjoiMDY2MDQ5ZTI4NGY0ZjNlMzk1OWM2OTk0YjFjZWUyOWRhYzZhYjk0MDFjMzY2NTBiMzBiMTk0NDQyOWE0ZWVhMyIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-07-25 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-22 |title=Women have helped me sail through, says retained minister |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/women-have-helped-me-sail-through-says-retained-minister-4565648 |access-date=2026-07-25 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-22 |title=Women have helped me sail through, says retained minister |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/women-have-helped-me-sail-through-says-retained-minister-4565648 |access-date=2026-07-25 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-09 |title=Final cabinet list: Jessica Alupo new vice president |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/final-cabinet-list-jessica-alupo-new-vice-president-3430616 |access-date=2026-08-25 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Obuyigirize bwe == Opolot yasomera siniya ye ku [[Teso College Aloet]] mu 1980 era gyeyava neeyegatta ku [[Bukalasa Agricultural Training Institute|Bukalasa Agricultural College]], gyeyasomera ebyobulimi era teyamalako pulogulaamu eyo olw'obulumbaganyi obwatukaawo mu Luwero Triangle. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Editor |first=Flash Uganda |last2=Uganda |first2=Flash |date=2022-10-02 |title=Okaasai Sidronius Opolot: Biography, Family and Wife |url=https://flashugnews.com/okaasai-sidronius-opolot-biography-age-education-family-wife/ |access-date=2026-08-25 |website=Flash Uganda Media |language=English}}</ref> Okuva awo, yeegatta ku Nkumba College, gye yafunira dipulooma mu by’okubala ebitabo ne diguli mu kukuuma ebimera, ng'essira liri mukusimba ebimera, okuva mu yunivasite y'e Al-Fateh e Tripoli, mu [[Libya]] nga tannafuna diguli eyookubiri mu by’okujjanjaba endwadde z’ebimera okuva mu yunivasite y'e Wales, Aberystwyth, mu [[Great Britain|Bungereza]].<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Africa |first=CEO East |date=2022-07-12 |title=KNOW YOUR MINISTER: Meet the men and women making up the current Ugandan Cabinet {{!}} CEO East Africa |url=https://www.ceo.co.ug/know-your-minister-meet-the-men-and-women-making-up-the-current-ugandan-cabinet/ |access-date=2026-08-25 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":02" /> == Emirimu gye == Opolot omulimu gwe yagutandikira mu by’obulimi bya Uganda mu 1983 era mu 2003, yafuuka Assistant Commissioner for Plant Protection mu minisitule y’ebyobulimi, amakolero g’ebisolo n’obuvubi (MAAIF) wamu n’omukulembeze wa pulojekiti mu kaweefube w’okulwanirira ebimera.<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":02" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Uganda's mobile 'plant clinics' answer emergency call |url=https://www.scidev.net/global/news/ugandas-mobile-plant-clinics-answer-emergency-c/ |access-date=2026-08-25 |website=SciDev.Net |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 2010, yafuuka Dayirekita w’ebirime mu minisitule y’ebyobulimi, amakolero g’ebisolo n’obuvubi (MAAIF). Oluvannyuma lw’okuweereza mu by’obulimi, Opolot yayingira ebyobufuzi eby’okulonda era n’alondebwa okukiikirira essaza lya Kumi mu Paalamenti ey’ekkumi n’emu (2021–2026). Mu 2021, yalondebwa okuba Minisita w’eggwanga ow’amasannyalaze. Yaddamu okulondebwa mu Paalamenti ey’ekkumi n’ebbiri (2026–2031) n’asigala nga Minisita w’eggwanga ow’amasannyalaze.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kugonza |first=David |date=2017-03-16 |title=Maize army worm invades Uganda - 93.3 KFM |url=https://www.kfm.co.ug/maize-army-worm-invades-uganda/ |access-date=2026-08-25 |work=93.3 KFM - Better Information Best Music |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-10 |title=New ministers speak out on their plans |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/new-ministers-speak-out-on-their-plans-3432208 |access-date=2026-08-25 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-10 |title=New ministers speak out on their plans |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/new-ministers-speak-out-on-their-plans-3432208 |access-date=2026-08-25 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Muhoozi |first=Nelson Mandela |date=2026-02-20 |title=News: Health experts urge artisanal miners to use protective gear |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/health-experts-urge-artisanal-miners-to-use-p-NV_228386_062026 |access-date=2026-07-26 |website=New Vision}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Muhoozi |first=Nelson Mandela |date=2026-02-20 |title=News: Health experts urge artisanal miners to use protective gear |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/health-experts-urge-artisanal-miners-to-use-p-NV_228386_062026 |access-date=2026-07-26 |website=New Vision}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-14 |title=Mining and mineral sector: Lack of transparency worries minister |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/oil-and-gas-extraction-lack-of-transparency-worries-minister-4303162 |access-date=2026-08-25 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Tress Bucyanayandi]] * [[Frank Tumwebaze]] * [[Wilberforce Kisamba Mugerwa]] * [[Mary Goretti Kitutu]] == Ebijuliziddwa == fic4dlrvxdp6el1u87nde1lkx4jiq0n 75256 75255 2026-09-24T13:30:08Z B722N 6898 added short description 75256 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Short description|Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi}}{{Databox|item=Q139555018}} '''<big>Okaasai Sidronius Opolot</big>''' era amanyiddwa nga Sidronius Opolot Okasai (15 Ogwokutaano 1958) [[Munnayuganda]] munnabyabufuzi akola nga mmemba wa [[Paalamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti]] akiikirira essaza lya Kumi mu [[Kumi (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kumi]] mu Palamenti ya Uganda era Minisita omubeezi mu Minisitule y'amasannyalaze n'eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka mu [[Uganda]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Members of Parliament {{!}} Parliament |url=https://mpsdb.parliament.go.ug/home/mp/eyJpdiI6ImJ6TTBrT1l5eEdwc2U4K1ZBb3JjQUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMDVBMTBjcjZwM01iUXNJRG9kMGJTZz09IiwibWFjIjoiMDY2MDQ5ZTI4NGY0ZjNlMzk1OWM2OTk0YjFjZWUyOWRhYzZhYjk0MDFjMzY2NTBiMzBiMTk0NDQyOWE0ZWVhMyIsInRhZyI6IiJ9 |access-date=2026-07-25 |website=mpsdb.parliament.go.ug}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-22 |title=Women have helped me sail through, says retained minister |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/women-have-helped-me-sail-through-says-retained-minister-4565648 |access-date=2026-07-25 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-22 |title=Women have helped me sail through, says retained minister |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/women-have-helped-me-sail-through-says-retained-minister-4565648 |access-date=2026-07-25 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-09 |title=Final cabinet list: Jessica Alupo new vice president |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/final-cabinet-list-jessica-alupo-new-vice-president-3430616 |access-date=2026-08-25 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Obuyigirize bwe == Opolot yasomera siniya ye ku [[Teso College Aloet]] mu 1980 era gyeyava neeyegatta ku [[Bukalasa Agricultural Training Institute|Bukalasa Agricultural College]], gyeyasomera ebyobulimi era teyamalako pulogulaamu eyo olw'obulumbaganyi obwatukaawo mu Luwero Triangle. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Editor |first=Flash Uganda |last2=Uganda |first2=Flash |date=2022-10-02 |title=Okaasai Sidronius Opolot: Biography, Family and Wife |url=https://flashugnews.com/okaasai-sidronius-opolot-biography-age-education-family-wife/ |access-date=2026-08-25 |website=Flash Uganda Media |language=English}}</ref> Okuva awo, yeegatta ku Nkumba College, gye yafunira dipulooma mu by’okubala ebitabo ne diguli mu kukuuma ebimera, ng'essira liri mukusimba ebimera, okuva mu yunivasite y'e Al-Fateh e Tripoli, mu [[Libya]] nga tannafuna diguli eyookubiri mu by’okujjanjaba endwadde z’ebimera okuva mu yunivasite y'e Wales, Aberystwyth, mu [[Great Britain|Bungereza]].<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Africa |first=CEO East |date=2022-07-12 |title=KNOW YOUR MINISTER: Meet the men and women making up the current Ugandan Cabinet {{!}} CEO East Africa |url=https://www.ceo.co.ug/know-your-minister-meet-the-men-and-women-making-up-the-current-ugandan-cabinet/ |access-date=2026-08-25 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":02" /> == Emirimu gye == Opolot omulimu gwe yagutandikira mu by’obulimi bya Uganda mu 1983 era mu 2003, yafuuka Assistant Commissioner for Plant Protection mu minisitule y’ebyobulimi, amakolero g’ebisolo n’obuvubi (MAAIF) wamu n’omukulembeze wa pulojekiti mu kaweefube w’okulwanirira ebimera.<ref name=":12" /><ref name=":02" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Uganda's mobile 'plant clinics' answer emergency call |url=https://www.scidev.net/global/news/ugandas-mobile-plant-clinics-answer-emergency-c/ |access-date=2026-08-25 |website=SciDev.Net |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 2010, yafuuka Dayirekita w’ebirime mu minisitule y’ebyobulimi, amakolero g’ebisolo n’obuvubi (MAAIF). Oluvannyuma lw’okuweereza mu by’obulimi, Opolot yayingira ebyobufuzi eby’okulonda era n’alondebwa okukiikirira essaza lya Kumi mu Paalamenti ey’ekkumi n’emu (2021–2026). Mu 2021, yalondebwa okuba Minisita w’eggwanga ow’amasannyalaze. Yaddamu okulondebwa mu Paalamenti ey’ekkumi n’ebbiri (2026–2031) n’asigala nga Minisita w’eggwanga ow’amasannyalaze.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kugonza |first=David |date=2017-03-16 |title=Maize army worm invades Uganda - 93.3 KFM |url=https://www.kfm.co.ug/maize-army-worm-invades-uganda/ |access-date=2026-08-25 |work=93.3 KFM - Better Information Best Music |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-10 |title=New ministers speak out on their plans |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/new-ministers-speak-out-on-their-plans-3432208 |access-date=2026-08-25 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-10 |title=New ministers speak out on their plans |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/new-ministers-speak-out-on-their-plans-3432208 |access-date=2026-08-25 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Muhoozi |first=Nelson Mandela |date=2026-02-20 |title=News: Health experts urge artisanal miners to use protective gear |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/health-experts-urge-artisanal-miners-to-use-p-NV_228386_062026 |access-date=2026-07-26 |website=New Vision}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Muhoozi |first=Nelson Mandela |date=2026-02-20 |title=News: Health experts urge artisanal miners to use protective gear |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/health-experts-urge-artisanal-miners-to-use-p-NV_228386_062026 |access-date=2026-07-26 |website=New Vision}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-14 |title=Mining and mineral sector: Lack of transparency worries minister |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/oil-and-gas-extraction-lack-of-transparency-worries-minister-4303162 |access-date=2026-08-25 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Tress Bucyanayandi]] * [[Frank Tumwebaze]] * [[Wilberforce Kisamba Mugerwa]] * [[Mary Goretti Kitutu]] == Ebijuliziddwa == obhnbxshwt0xpclyvrpsi9ybk5byg1v William Omaria Lo Arapai 0 15594 75258 72890 2026-09-24T14:01:43Z B722N 6898 added short description 75258 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Munnayuganda munnabyabufuzi}}{{Databox|item=Q141177620}} '''<big>William Omaria Lo Arapai</big>''' era amanyiddwa nga '''Colonel William Omaria''' Munnayuganda eyali munnamagye era munnabyabufuzi eyaweereza nga mmemba wa [[Paalamenti ya Uganda|Paalamenti]] akiikirira essaza ly'e Soroti mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey’omukaaga(1996–2001).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Vision |title=‘Rebel’ Got At Omaria Town Site |url=https://www.newvision.co.ugnull/ |access-date=2026-08-25 |website=New Vision}}</ref><ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Vision |title=Omaria eyes Soroti chair |url=https://www.newvision.co.ugnull/ |access-date=2026-08-25 |website=New Vision}}</ref> == Obuyigirize bwe == William Omaria yasomera ku [[Teso College Aloet]], gye yafuuka omukulembeze w'abayizi n’oluvannyuma n’asigala nga yeenyigira mu mirimu gy’abayizi abaaliwo mu ssomero lino era oluvannyuma n’akola omulimu mu magye ga Uganda n’alinnya ku ddaala lya colonel.<ref>https://www.tesocollegealoet.sc.ug/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Teso-College-%4061-Years-the-Pelican-Exported.pdf</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Alumni |url=https://www.tesocollegealoet.sc.ug/alumni/ |access-date=2026-08-25 |website=Teso College Aloet |language=en-US}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Omaria yeenyigira mu ntalo za Uganda ez'ebyobufuzi n'amagye mu kiseera ky'okusuula [[Idi Amin]]. Yali akwatagana n’ekibiina kya Save Uganda Movement, ekimu ku bibiina ebyenyigira mu lutalo lw’okulwanyisa gavumenti ya Amin. Oluvanyuma lw’okugobwa kwa Amin mu Gwokuna 1979, Omaria yafuuka mmemba ku kakiiko k’amagye aka Uganda National Liberation Front Military Commission.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ministry of Defence and Veterans Affairs (MODVA) {{!}} UPDF |url=https://www.defence.go.ug/joint-updf-services/updf-leadership/our-history/ |access-date=2026-08-25 |website=Ministry of Defence and Veteran Affairs (MODVA) |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-09 |title=Key numbers that changed Uganda |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/people-power/key-numbers-that-changed-uganda-1735386 |access-date=2026-08-25 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-09 |title=Key numbers that changed Uganda |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/people-power/key-numbers-that-changed-uganda-1735386 |access-date=2026-08-25 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mukholi |first=David |date=2026-04-13 |title=Blogs: Our history: How NRM picked UNLF umbrella |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/blogs/our-history-how-nrm-picked-unlf-umbrella-NV_231699_082026 |access-date=2026-08-25 |website=New Vision}}</ref> Mu 1980, yali ku kakiiko k’amagye, akaafuganga Uganda mu kiseera eky’enkyukakyuka oluvannyuma lw’okugobwa kwa Idi Amin. Akakiiko kano kaalondoola enkyukakyuka mu gavumenti ya bantu baabulijjo n’okulonda kwa bonna okwaliwo mu Gwekkumineebiri 1980, okwazza [[Milton Obote]] mu buyinza.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Vision |title=Farewell to a statesman who fought for unity |url=https://www.newvision.co.ugnull/ |access-date=2026-08-25 |website=New Vision}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Vision |title=Farewell to a statesman who fought for unity |url=https://www.newvision.co.ugnull/ |access-date=2026-08-25 |website=New Vision}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-02 |title=Obote, the elephant in the room, shifts uneasily as Binaisa is shown the door |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/obote-the-elephant-in-the-room-shifts-uneasily-as-binaisa-is-shown-the-door-1528560 |access-date=2026-08-25 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Mu 1980, yayingira ebyobufuzi by’okulonda ng’avuganya ku kifo kya paalamenti eky'essaza ly'e Soroti ng’avuganya ne [[Ateker Ejalu]], gwe yawangula. Mu 1996, yakomawo mu Paalamenti oluvannyuma lw’okuddamu okuwangula Ejalu era n’akiikirira essaza ly'e Soroti mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey’omukaaga (1996–2001). Mu kulonda kwa paalamenti okwa 2001, Omaria yaddamu okuvuganya ku kifo ky’ekimu kyokka nataddamu kulondebwa mu Palamenti ey’omusanvu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Vision |title=Ejalu, Egunyu in joint rallies |url=https://www.newvision.co.ugnull/ |access-date=2026-08-25 |website=New Vision}}</ref><ref name=":02" /> Mu 2002, Omaria yavuganya ku kifo kya ssentebe wa [[Soroti (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Soroti]] era n’afuna obululu 12,252 bw’atyo n’amalira mu kyokusatu mu mpaka zino. Okuva awo, abadde akwatagana ne Soroti Golf Club era yaweereza ku lukiiko lwayo olufuzi.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Vision |title=Omaria not too old for office |url=https://www.newvision.co.ugnull/ |access-date=2026-08-25 |website=New Vision}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Soroti Golf Club Gets Board of Trustees After 58 Years : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/soroti-golf-club-gets-board-of-trustees-after-58-years |access-date=2026-08-25 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Vision |title=Soroti LC5 campaigns ended successfully |url=https://www.newvision.co.ugnull/ |access-date=2026-08-25 |website=New Vision}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Yoweri Museveni]] * [[Paulo Muwanga]] * [[Tito Okello]] * David Oyite-Ojok == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Bannayuganda bannamagye]] 4ukfrbwasb790h38qyvbvzrkw5cgcxs Obulwadde bwa kabootongo 0 15601 75259 72948 2026-09-24T14:12:01Z B722N 6898 added short description 75259 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Obulwadde obusiigibwa mu by'okwegatta}}{{Databox}} '''Obulwadde''' '''bwa kabootongo''' bulwadde obusiigibwa mu by'okwegatta obuva ku [[Bakitiiriya|buwuka obuyitibwa]] ''Treponema pallidum'' subspecies ''pallidum''.<ref name="Goldman2020">{{Cite book|last=Ghanem|first=Khalil G.|last2=Hook|first2=Edward W.|editor-last=Goldman|editor-first=Lee|editor-last2=Schafer|editor-first2=Andrew I.|title=[[Goldman-Cecil Medicine]]|date=2020|publisher=Elsevier|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-323-55087-1|pages=1983–1989|edition=26th|volume=2|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7pKqDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1983|language=en|chapter=303. Syphilis|access-date=8 May 2023|archive-date=30 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630075942/https://books.google.com/books?id=7pKqDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1983|url-status=live}}</ref> Tewayinza kubaawo bubonero bwonna.<ref name="WHO21May2024">{{Cite web|title=Syphilis|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/syphilis|website=www.who.int|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=16 August 2024|language=en|date=21 May 2024|archive-date=17 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240817212041/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/syphilis|url-status=live}}</ref> Bwe kitaba ekyo, zaawukana okusinziira ku mitendera ki ku ena egiriwo (egya pulayimale, ey’okubiri, egy’ekyama, n’egy’okusatu).<ref name="Ferri2022" /> Omutendera ogusookerwako mu ngeri ya kikula gulaga ne chancre emu ( amabwa g’olususu aganywevu, agataliimu bulumi, agatali gasiiwa ebiseera ebisinga wakati wa 1 cm ne 2 cm mu buwanvu) wadde nga wayinza okubaawo amabwa agawera.<ref name="CDC2015Fact">{{Cite web|title=Syphilis – CDC Fact Sheet (Detailed)|url=https://www.cdc.gov/std/syphilis/stdfact-syphilis-detailed.htm|website=CDC|access-date=3 February 2016|date=November 2, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206003059/http://www.cdc.gov/std/syphilis/stdfact-syphilis-detailed.htm|archive-date=6 February 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Mu bulwadde bwa kabootongo obw’okubiri, wabaawo ekizimba ekisaasaana, ekitera okukwata engalo z’emikono n’engalo z’ebigere.<ref name="CDC2015Fact" /> Wayinza n’okubaawo amabwa mu kamwa oba mu bukyala.<ref name="CDC2015Fact" /> Mu bulwadde bwa kabootongo obukwekebwa, obuyinza okumala emyaka, obubonero buba butono oba tebuliiwo.<ref name="CDC2015Fact" /> Mu bulwadde bwa kabootongo obw’okusatu, waliwo ennyindo (okukula okugonvu, okutali kwa kookolo), obuzibu mu busimu oba obubonero bw’omutima.<ref name="Kent08">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Kent ME, Romanelli F|title=Reexamining syphilis: an update on epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and management|journal=Annals of Pharmacotherapy|volume=42|issue=2|pages=226–36|date=February 2008|pmid=18212261|doi=10.1345/aph.1K086|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_annals-of-pharmacotherapy_2008-02_42_2/page/226}}</ref> Obulwadde bwa kabootongo bubadde bumanyiddwa nga " omugeegeenzi omukulu " kuba buyinza okuleeta obubonero obufaananako n'endwadde endala nnyingi.<ref name="Ferri2022">{{Cite book|last=Ferri|first=Fred F.|title=Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2022|date=2022|publisher=Elsevier|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-323-75571-9|pages=1452=1454|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VW4yEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1452|language=en|chapter=Syphilis|access-date=7 May 2023|archive-date=1 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701145038/https://books.google.com/books?id=VW4yEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1452|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="CDC2015Fact" /> Obulwadde bwa kabootongo businga kusaasaana nga buyita mu kwegatta.<ref name="CDC2015Fact" /> Era kiyinza okusiigibwa okuva ku maama okutuuka ku mwana ng’oli lubuto oba ng’azaalibwa, ekivaamu obulwadde bwa kabootongo obuzaalibwa nabwo.<ref name="CDC2015Fact" /><ref name="Wood09">{{Cite journal|last=Woods CR|title=Congenital syphilis-persisting pestilence|journal=Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.|volume=28|issue=6|pages=536–7|date=June 2009|pmid=19483520|doi=10.1097/INF.0b013e3181ac8a69|url=}}</ref> Endwadde endala ezireetebwa obuwuka bwa ''Treponema'' mulimu yaws (subspecies ''pertenue'' ), pinta (subspecies ''carateum'' ), ne nonvenereal endemic syphilis (subspecies ''endemicum'' ).<ref name="Kent08" /> Endwadde zino essatu tezitera kukwatibwa mu kaboozi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pinta|url=https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/pinta/|website=NORD|access-date=13 April 2018|archive-date=16 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816031132/https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/pinta/|url-status=live}}</ref> Okuzuula obulwadde butera okukolebwa nga bakozesa okukebera omusaayi ; obuwuka buno era busobola okuzuulibwa nga tukozesa enkola ya dark field microscopy.<ref name="CDC2015Fact" /> Ekitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku kulwanyisa endwadde ekya Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US) kiteesa nti abakyala bonna ab’embuto bakeberebwe.<ref name="CDC2015Fact" /> Obulabe bw'okusiiga obulwadde bwa kabootongo mu by'okwegatta busobola okukendeezebwa ng'okozesa kondomu ya latex oba polyurethane.<ref name="CDC2015Fact" /> Obulwadde bwa kabootongo busobola okujjanjabibwa obulungi n'eddagala eritta obuwuka.<ref name="CDC2015Tx">{{Cite web|title=Syphilis|url=https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/syphilis.htm|website=CDC|access-date=3 February 2016|date=June 4, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221200405/http://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/syphilis.htm|archive-date=21 February 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Eddagala eritta obuwuka erisinga okukozesebwa ye benzathine benzylpenicillin eriyisibwa mu kinywa.<ref name="CDC2015Tx" /> Mu abo abalina allergy ey’amaanyi ku penicillin, doxycycline oba tetracycline eyinza okukozesebwa.<ref name="CDC2015Tx" /> Mu abo abalina obulwadde bwa neurosyphilis, kirungi okuweebwa eddagala lya benzylpenicillin oba ceftriaxone mu misuwa.<ref name="CDC2015Tx" /> Mu kiseera ky’obujjanjabi abantu bayinza okufuna omusujja, okulumwa omutwe, n’okulumwa ebinywa, enkola emanyiddwa nga Jarisch–Herxheimer.<ref name="CDC2015Tx" /> Mu mwaka gwa 2022 waaliwo abantu obukadde 8 abapya abakwatibwa kabootongo mu bantu abakulu ab’emyaka 15-49 mu nsi yonna.<ref name="WHO21May2024" /> Emyaka 20 egiyise gibaddemu okweyongera okw’amaanyi mu nsi yonna mu muwendo gw’abalwadde.<ref name="Ghanem2020">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Ghanem KG, Ram S, Rice PA|title=The Modern Epidemic of Syphilis|journal=N. Engl. J. Med.|volume=382|issue=9|pages=845–54|date=February 2020|pmid=32101666|doi=10.1056/NEJMra1901593}}</ref> Mu 2015, nga 45.4&nbsp;abantu obukadde baakwatibwa obulwadde bwa kabootongo,<ref name="GBD2015Pre">{{Cite journal|last=GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence|first=Collaborators.|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.|journal=Lancet|date=8 October 2016|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–1602|pmid=27733282|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6|pmc=5055577}}</ref> n’abapya obukadde mukaaga.<ref name="New2015">{{Cite journal|last=Newman|first=L|last2=Rowley|first2=J|last3=Vander Hoorn|first3=S|last4=Wijesooriya|first4=NS|last5=Unemo|first5=M|last6=Low|first6=N|last7=Stevens|first7=G|last8=Gottlieb|first8=S|last9=Kiarie|first9=J|last10=Temmerman|first10=M|title=Global Estimates of the Prevalence and Incidence of Four Curable Sexually Transmitted Infections in 2012 Based on Systematic Review and Global Reporting.|journal=PLOS One|date=2015|volume=10|issue=12|pages=e0143304|pmid=26646541|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0143304|pmc=4672879|bibcode=2015PLoSO..1043304N}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2015, yafa abantu nga 107,000, nga kino kyakendeera okuva ku bantu 202,000 mu 1990.<ref name="GBD2015Death">{{Cite journal|last=GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death|first=Collaborators.|title=Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.|journal=Lancet|date=8 October 2016|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1459–1544|pmid=27733281|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1|pmc=5388903}}</ref><ref name="Loz2012">{{Cite journal|last=Lozano|first=R|title=Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.|journal=Lancet|date=15 December 2012|volume=380|issue=9859|pages=2095–128|pmid=23245604|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0|hdl=10536/DRO/DU:30050819|url=https://zenodo.org/record/2557786|access-date=14 July 2020|archive-date=19 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519152712/https://zenodo.org/record/2557786|url-status=live}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’okukendeera ennyo ng’eddagala lya penicillin liriwo mu myaka gya 1940, emiwendo gy’abakwatibwa obulwadde buno gyeyongedde okuva ku ntandikwa y’emyaka lukumi mu nsi nnyingi, emirundi mingi nga bwegattibwa wamu n’akawuka akaziyiza obusimu obuziyiza endwadde (HIV).<ref name="Kent08" /><ref name="Music08">{{Cite journal|last=Franzen|first=C|title=Syphilis in composers and musicians--Mozart, Beethoven, Paganini, Schubert, Schumann, Smetana|url=https://archive.org/details/european-journal-clinical-microbiology_2008-12_27_12/page/1151|journal=[[European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases]]|date=December 2008|volume=27|issue=12|pages=1151–7|pmid=18592279|doi=10.1007/s10096-008-0571-x}}</ref> Kino kirowoozebwa nti kiva ku kitundu ku kweyongera kw’obukaba, obwamalaaya, okukendeeza ku kukozesa kondomu, n’okwegatta okutali kwa bukuumi mu basajja abeegatta n’abasajja.<ref name="Coffin2010">{{Cite journal|last=Coffin|first=L. S.|last2=Newberry|first2=A.|last3=Hagan|first3=H.|last4=Cleland|first4=C. M.|last5=Des Jarlais|first5=D. C.|last6=Perlman|first6=D. C.|title=Syphilis in Drug Users in Low and Middle Income Countries|journal=The International Journal on Drug Policy|date=January 2010|volume=21|issue=1|pages=20–7|pmid=19361976|doi=10.1016/j.drugpo.2009.02.008|pmc=2790553}}</ref><ref name="Gao2009">{{Cite journal|last=Gao|first=L|last2=Zhang, L|last3=Jin, Q|title=Meta-analysis: prevalence of HIV infection and syphilis among MSM in China|journal=Sexually Transmitted Infections|date=September 2009|volume=85|issue=5|pages=354–8|pmid=19351623|doi=10.1136/sti.2008.034702}}</ref><ref name="Karp2009">{{Cite journal|last=Karp|first=G|last2=Schlaeffer, F|last3=Jotkowitz, A|last4=Riesenberg, K|title=Syphilis and HIV co-infection|journal=European Journal of Internal Medicine|date=January 2009|volume=20|issue=1|pages=9–13|pmid=19237085|doi=10.1016/j.ejim.2008.04.002}}</ref> == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == <references /> [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] tr5hhq8u2a8gcbz90r47kr0cj6xo7q2 Cornelius Boza-Edwards 0 15911 75268 75105 2026-09-25T00:01:09Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75268 wikitext text/x-wiki Cornelius Boza-Edwards (eyazaalibwa nga Cornelius Bbosa; 27 May 1956) yali omuzannyi w’ebikonde omukugu era yali WBC Super Featherweight champion w’ensi yonna.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mugalu |first=Moses |title=Ex-world champ Boza humbled by hospitality |url=https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=19030:-ex-world-champ-boza-humbled-by-hospitality |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528091552/https://www.observer.ug/component/content/article?id=19030:-ex-world-champ-boza-humbled-by-hospitality |archive-date=2023-05-28 |access-date=2026-09-22 |work=The Observer - Uganda |language=en-gb |url-status=live}}</ref> Yazaalibwa mu [[Kampala]], [[Uganda]], era yazannyira mu super-featherweight ne lightweight divisions. Yava mu Uganda n’agenda mu Bungereza, gy’abeera okumala ekiseera kiwanvu. Kati abeera mu United States, gy’atendeka abazannyi abalala. == Omulimu gw'okwesanyusaamu == Boza-Edwards yatandika okuzannya boxing nga wa myaka mwenda mu Uganda wamu n’abalwanyi abalala abamanyiddwa nga [[Ayub Kalule]] ne John Mugabi. Yagenda mu Bungereza ne mentor we Jack Edwards era n’agenda mu maaso n’okuzannya boxing mu New Enterprise club e Tottenham ne Fitzroy Lodge club mu South London. Yazannyira mu Bungereza naye n'atafunibwa kuteekebwa ku ttiimu ya olimpiki oluvannyuma lw'okukubwa Pat Cowdell mu mpaka za ABA mu 1976. Boza-Edwards yaweebwa omukisa omulala bwe yategekebwa okuvuganya nga featherweight boxer wa Uganda mu Olympics e Montreal mu 1976. Naye, Uganda yagaana okwetaba mu Olympics e Montreal, nga n’amawanga amalala mangi ag’Afrika bwe gaakola. Okugaana okwetaba kwamulemesa okufuna omukisa ogw’okuvuganya mu Olympics.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Ring - Official Boxing Rankings, News & Champions |url=https://www.ringmagazine.com// |access-date=2026-09-22 |website=The Ring |language=en-US}}</ref> == Omulimu ogw'ekikugu == Mu 1976, Boza-Edwards yafuuka omukugu ng'alina Mickey Duff nga maneja we ne George Francis nga omutendesi we. Yakyusa erinnya lye ery’ekika n’alifuula Boza olw’okusembebwa kwa Mickey Duff. Kubanga lyali erinnya ekyangu eri abawagizi okujjukira era n’ayongerako Edwards ng’awa ekitiibwa eri Jack Edwards, omutendesi we.[3] Boza-Edwards yawangula empaka ze ezisooka mwenda nga tannawangulwa Des Gwilliam bwe yafuna ekisago ku liiso. Oluvannyuma yagenda mu lukungaana lw’empaka 18 nga awangula era n’aweebwa omukisa okuzannya nga substitute ne Alexis Arguello. Yateekawo okukola okw’amaanyi naye n’awummuzibwa corner ye ku nkomerero y’omuzannyo ogw’omulundi ogw’omunaana. Arguello yasiima Boza-Edwards n’agamba nti yalowooza nti ajja kufuuka champion oluvannyuma lw’okukyuka mu buzito okudda mu lightweight division. Boza-Edwards yali azannya mu lightweight division mu kiseera ekyo naye n’akyuka n’adda mu super-featherweight division. == WBC Super-Featherweight Champion == Mu 1981, Boza-Edwards yawangula WBC World Super-Featherweight Title okuva ku Rafael "Bazooka" Limón n’obuwanguzi bwa round kkumi n’etaano mu Stockton, California. Limón, Omumexico, yali yakoze ekigambo kye ekimanyiddwa ennyo “Omanyi ekibaawo ku bamenyi ba boxing Abangereza bwe balwana n’Abamexico.” Kino kyali kyogera ku lutalo wakati wa Lupe Pintor ne Johnny Owen, oluvannyuma Owen n’afa. Yawangula Bobby Chacon oluvannyuma lwa Chacon okuwummula ku nkomerero y’omuzannyo ogw’ekkumi n’essatu mu kukuuma kwe okwasooka era okwokka okwawangula. Yafiirwa ekikopo emyezi esatu oluvannyuma mu kuzannyo okwewuunyisa okwawangulwa Rolando Navarrete, nga yawangulwa knockout mu round ey’okutaano. Navarrete yayingira nga substitute wa Limón era n’ewuunyisa Boza-Edwards ng’amukuba wansi emirundi esatu, omulundi ogwasembayo n’abalibwa nga avudde mu muzannyo. == Omulimu ogw'oluvannyuma == Mu 1982, Boza-Edwards yawangula ekikopo kya European Super-featherweight bwe yawangula Carlos Hernandez owa Spain oluvannyuma lw’okuleka omuzannyo mu round ey’okuna. Oluvannyuma yabeera mu United States era n’afuuka omu ku baali basinga okwagalibwa ku mikutu gya ttivvi olw’engeri ye ey’okulwana ennyo. Yali ategekeddwa okulwana ne Bobby Chacon ku WBC World Super-Featherweight Title mu 1983 naye ebyobufuzi by’okubooking byaleetera WBC okuggyawo okumanya ku lutalo olwo, newankubadde nga lutalo lwagenda mu maaso. Chacon yawangula ku points mu lutalo mwe bombi baakubwa wansi naye ne beetaaga stitches 40 oluvannyuma. Olutalo luno lwaweebwa ekirabo kya The Ring magazine Fight of the Year 1983. Oluvannyuma lw’okufiirwa eri Chacon, yalwana ne Rocky Lockridge eyali WBA super-featherweight champion era n’awangulwa ku points mu round kkumi. Boza-Edwards yagenda mu lightweight division era n’afuna omukisa okuwangula Héctor Camacho mu 1986 ku WBC World Lightweight Title, gye yafiirwa mu kusalawo mu round kkumi n’ebbiri. Omulundi gwe ogwasembayo ku title gwali mu 1987 ng’alwana ne José Luis Ramírez e Paris era yakubwa knockout mu round ey’okutaano mu lutalo lwa WBC World Lightweight Title. Oluvannyuma lw’okukubwa kuno, yava mu boxing n’afuuka omutendesi. == Obulamu obw'omuntu ku bubwe == Omukyala wa Boza-Edwards eyasooka Jackie yafa olw’okulemererwa kw’ensigo emyezi mukaaga oluvannyuma lw’okuzaala muwala waabwe Michelle mu UK. Yali kumpi okuva mu muzannyo gwa boxing olw’ennaku ye naye yasalawo okweyongera mu maaso.[5] Yaddamu okuwasa oluvannyuma lw’okugenda mu US era ye ne mukyala we Rumiko balina abaana babiri abawala, Dominique ne Jenna. == Mayweather Boxing Club == Boza-Edwards kati akulira ekibiina kya Mayweather Boxing Club mu Las Vegas, NV. [6] Yayingizibwa mu Nevada Boxing Hall of fame mu 2014. [7] == Laba era == * Olukalala lw'abawangula b'ebikonde mu buzito bwa super-featherweight. == Ebyogerwako == ijvhancza9ute8naluiwvcw1zf8tkyz Shadir Musa Bwogi 0 15938 75287 75179 2026-09-25T05:44:16Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75287 wikitext text/x-wiki Shadir Musa Bwogi (yazaalibwa nga 25 October 1996) ye boxer w’omu [[Uganda]] era kati ye captain wa Bombers, ttiimu y’eggwanga ey’okubaka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=2020-02-14 |title=Minister Obua urges Ugandan boxers to fight for the available Olympics slots |url=https://kawowo.com/2020/02/14/minister-obua-urges-ugandan-boxers-to-fight-for-the-available-olympics-slots/ |access-date=2026-09-23 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Olympedia – Shadir Bwogi |url=https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/146999 |access-date=2026-09-23 |website=www.olympedia.org}}</ref> Akola mu welterweight era ye southpaw.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-21 |title=Money woes: Bombers uncertain as last Olympics window draws close |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/boxing/money-woes-bombers-uncertain-as-last-olympics-window-draws-close--1880834 |access-date=2026-09-23 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Yavuganya mu men’s welterweight mu 2020 Summer Olympics.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2026-06-03 |title=Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tokyo_Organising_Committee_of_the_Olympic_and_Paralympic_Games&oldid=1357596453 |language=en}}</ref> == Emabega n'obuyigirize == Bwogi yazaalibwa mu Naguru Musa Kimera, eyali omukubi w'ebikonde, ne Jamirah Mbabazi Ayikoru.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Kalyango |first=Fredrick |date=2020-03-09 |title=Who is Shadir Musa Bwogi; Bombers Captain who bagged Uganda’s Tokyo 2020 Olympics slot? |url=https://www.watchdoguganda.com/sports/20200309/88763/who-is-shadir-musa-bwogi-bombers-captain-who-bagged-ugandas-tokyo-2020-olympics-slot.html |access-date=2026-09-23 |website=Watchdog Uganda |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Omulimu gw'okukuba ebikonde == Bwogi yagamba nti yatandika okukuba ebikonde mu 2009 bwe yayingira East Coast Boxing Club nga akulemberwa kitaawe, gyeyatendekera wansi wa Hassan Waswa Kalili ne Hussain Kato Kalili.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Vision |title=BIG INTERVIEW: Shadir Bwogi eyeing glory at Olympics |url=https://www.newvision.co.ugnull/ |access-date=2026-09-23 |website=New Vision}}</ref> Okulabikako kwe okwasooka ku ttiimu y’eggwanga kwali mu 2014 mu light welterweight division, gyeyakiikirira Uganda mu [[Tanzania]] mu Nyerere Cup.<ref name=":1" /> Bwogi okuva olwo abadde akiikirira Uganda mu mpaka za African Championships mu 2017 e Congo-Brazzaville gy’awangulwa mu preliminaries eri Namibia’s Jonas Junias.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-10 |title=Captain Shadir faces African silver medallist |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/score/captain-shadir-faces-african-silver-medallist-1749304 |access-date=2026-09-23 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Yali mu ttiimu ya Uganda mu 2019 African Games e Rabat, [[Morocco]] gy’awangulwa Silungwe Nkungu owa Zimbabwe.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-13 |title=Boxing: UBF names squad for All African games |url=https://pmldaily.com/sports/2019/08/boxing-ubf-names-squad-for-all-african-games.html |access-date=2026-09-23 |website=PML Daily |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Uganda's All Africa games campaign suffers boxing setback |url=https://www.ntv.co.ug/news/sports/Uganda-s-All-Africa-games-campaign-suffers-boxing-setback/4522368-5247066-c7hi1h/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241223100419/https://www.ntv.co.ug/news/sports/Uganda-s-All-Africa-games-campaign-suffers-boxing-setback/4522368-5247066-c7hi1h/index.html |archive-date=2024-12-23 |access-date=2026-09-23 |work=NTV Uganda |language=en |url-status=live}}</ref> Mu kitundu, ye wa Kampala City Council Authority (KCCA) Boxing Club era atendekwa Vincent Byarugaba, eyali omutendesi w’eggwanga.<ref name=":2" /> Bwogi era ye muwanguzi w’eddimu eryasooka erya Shadow Boxing Challenge eyategekebwa Uganda Boxing Federation (UBF).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=2020-07-02 |title=Bwogi wins inaugural UBF Shadow Boxing Challenge |url=https://kawowo.com/2020/07/02/bwogi-wins-inaugural-ubf-shadow-boxing-challenge/ |access-date=2026-09-23 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> === Emizannyo gya Commonwealth === Mu mizannyo gya Commonwealth egya 2018 egyali ku Gold Coast, [[Australia (ssemazinga)|Australia]], yawangula Merven Clair owa Mauritius n’afuna ekifo mu quarterfinals z’abasajja 69 kg era oluvannyuma n’awangulwa Pat McCormack owa England.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Boxing {{!}} Athlete Profile: Musa BWOGI - Gold Coast 2018 Commonwealth Games |url=https://results.gc2018.com/en/boxing/athlete-profile-n6031762-musa-bwogi.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521061600/https://results.gc2018.com/en/boxing/athlete-profile-n6031762-musa-bwogi.htm |archive-date=2022-05-21 |access-date=2026-09-23 |website=results.gc2018.com |language=en-AU |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Vision |title=Commonwealth boxing: Uganda's Simbwa joins Bwogi in quarterfinals |url=https://www.newvision.co.ugnull/ |access-date=2026-09-23 |website=New Vision}}</ref> Ng’ategeka emizannyo gya Commonwealth egya 2022 e Birmingham, England, yali baton bearer mu Queen’s Baton Relay, eyatuuka mu ggwanga lye mu November 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-12 |title=Commonwealth Sport |url=https://www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/www.commonwealthsport.com/commonwealth-games/birmingham-2022 |access-date=2026-09-23 |website=Commonwealth Sport |language=en}}</ref> === Emizannyo gya Olympic === Mu February 2020, Bwogi yatuuka ku mutendera gwa 2020 Summer Olympics e Tokyo oluvannyuma lw’okuwangula Jesse Lartey owa Ghana mu welterweight box-off ku lunaku olwasembayo mu mpaka za 2020 African Boxing Olympic Qualification Tournament ezaali mu Diamniadio, Senegal. Ku Games, yawangulwa 3–1 Eskerkhan Madiev owa Georgia. == Laba era == * Uganda at the 2020 Summer Olympics * 2020 African Boxing Olympic Qualification Tournament * Uganda at the 2018 Commonwealth Games * Uganda at the 2019 African Games == Ebyokulabirako == e4fybwbl8a036xohnfcr8jj9682s8tn Titus Odeke 0 15962 75238 2026-09-24T12:01:29Z Lillylove256 10862 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376154478|Titus Odeke]]" 75238 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Titus Odeke''' era amanyiddwa nga Titus Lual Odeke (yazaalibwa 29 Ogwekkumineebiri 1998)<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2022-03-26 |title=Lual happy to lead UCU Canons chase for elusive championship |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/score/lual-happy-to-lead-ucu-canons-chase-for-elusive-championship-3761022 |access-date=2026-09-21 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Titus Odeke - Uganda - Player Profile - FIBA Basketball World Cup 2027 African Qualifiers {{!}} FIBA Basketball |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/events/fiba-basketball-world-cup-2027-african-qualifiers/teams/uganda/289760-titus-odeke |access-date=2026-09-21 |website=www.fiba.basketball |language=en}}</ref>[[Munnayuganda]] muzannyi wa mupiira ogw'ensero azannya nga omuweereza mu ttiimu ya UCU Canons<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Independent |date=2020-01-18 |title=UCU canons defeat city oilers |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/ucu-canons-defeat-city-oilers/ |access-date=2026-09-21 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> ne [[City Oilers|City]] [[City Oilers|Oilers]] mu Uganda National basketball league.<ref name="monitor.co.ug">{{Cite web |date=2022-03-26 |title=Lual happy to lead UCU Canons chase for elusive championship |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/score/lual-happy-to-lead-ucu-canons-chase-for-elusive-championship-3761022 |access-date=2026-08-20 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Obuto n'obuyigirize bwe == Titus yazaalibwa 29 Ogwekkumineebiri 1998<ref name=":1" /> mu [[Uganda]]. Yasomera ku [[Uganda Christian University]] (UCU), gye yazannyira ensero mu ttiimu ya UCU Canons.<ref name=":2" /> == Omulimu gwa kiraabu == Titus yatandika omupiira gw'ensero mu ttimu ya UCU Canons okuva mu 2019 okutuuka mu 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaweru |first=Franklin |date=2019-08-17 |title=UCU Canons shootdown Warriors to all but seal top spot |url=https://kawowo.com/2019/08/17/ucu-canons-shootdown-warriors-to-all-but-seal-top-spot/ |access-date=2026-09-21 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> gye yaweereza nga kapiteeni wa ttiimu era nakiikirira Uganda Christian University mu mpaka za FISU 3×3 World Cup eza 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2022 FISU University World Cup 3x3 Basketball |url=https://play.fiba3x3.com/events/67593cc9-bc06-4470-aea6-6c325eeffbcb/teams |access-date=2026-09-21 |website=play.fiba3x3.com}}</ref> Mu Gwolubereberye 2023, yava mu UCU Canons n’agenda mu [[City Oilers]], gye yakiikirira kiraabu eno mu mpaka za kiraabu z’awaka ne mu Afrika, omuli Road to BAL.<ref name="monitor.co.ug" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mutebi |first=Charles |date=2026-01-28 |title=Sports: City Oilers blend experience and youth in bid to reclaim NBL crown |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/city-oilers-blend-experience-and-youth-in-bid-NV_227040_082026 |access-date=2026-08-20 |website=New Vision}}</ref> == Emipiira gyayazannyira kiraabu wabweru w'eggwanga == Titus akiikirira ttiimu ya Silverbacks<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-07 |title=UCU trio earn summons as Silverbacks regroup |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/ucu-trio-earn-summons-as-silverbacks-regroup-2459376 |access-date=2026-09-15 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Baluku |first=Chrispus |date=2026-02-17 |title=Sports: Silverbacks announce squad for FIBA World Cup 2027 qualifiers |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/silverbacks-announce-squad-for-fiba-world-cup-NV_228212_082026 |access-date=2026-09-15 |website=New Vision}}</ref> ttiimu y'eggwanga eya Uganda national basketball. Yayingizibwa mu ttiimu ya Uganda ey’ekiseera mu mpaka za FIBA Afro Basket 2021 Qualifiers<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-14 |title=Every step counts for Ikong |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/every-step-counts-for-ikong-3290848 |access-date=2026-09-15 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> ng’azannya emipiira esatu mu kampeyini z’okusunsulamu. Yakiikirira Uganda mu mpaka za FIBA Basketball World Cup World Cup African Qualifiers eza 2023, mwe yazannyira emipiira esatu era mu 2026, yasigala akiikirira Uganda mu mpaka za FIBA Basketball World Cup 2027 African Qualifiers, ng’azannya ne Angola, Mali ne Misiri. == Awaadi == <blockquote>Mu Gwokutaano 2022, Titus yasunsulwamu okuwangula awaadi ya Forte bet Real Stars Monthly Award mu mutendera gw'ensero ogw’omutindo gwe yayolesa mu Gwokuna;<ref>{{Cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=2022-05-06 |title=Five disciplines to be rewarded at April 2022 Real Stars Sports Monthly Awards |url=https://kawowo.com/2022/05/06/five-disciplines-to-be-rewarded-at-april-2022-real-stars-sports-monthly-awards/ |access-date=2026-09-21 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> wabula awaadi eno yawangulwa munne mu yunivasite, Jerry Kayanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-11 |title=Nabangi aims for continental glory |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/nabangi-aims-for-continental-glory-3811818 |access-date=2026-09-21 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Yawangula awaadi ya Forte bet Real Stars Monthly Award ey'ensero mu Gwekkumineebiri 2023,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=2023-12-12 |title=Six sports personalities rewarded for best of November 2023 {{!}} Real Stars Sports Awards |url=https://kawowo.com/2023/12/12/six-sports-personalities-rewarded-for-best-of-november-2023-real-stars-sports-awards/ |access-date=2026-09-21 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> oluvannyuma lw'omutindo gwe yayolesa mu Gwekkuminoogumu yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=2022-05-06 |title=Five disciplines to be rewarded at April 2022 Real Stars Sports Monthly Awards |url=https://kawowo.com/2022/05/06/five-disciplines-to-be-rewarded-at-april-2022-real-stars-sports-monthly-awards/ |access-date=2026-09-21 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> </blockquote> == Laba ne == * [[James Okello]] * Jalen Watson * [[Ivan Muhwezi]] == Ebijulizizddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] k1kggwp2aobwsd2905bbka5d58yeqof 75239 75238 2026-09-24T12:03:11Z Lillylove256 10862 Ngasseeko Databox 75239 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q134885226}} '''Titus Odeke''' era amanyiddwa nga Titus Lual Odeke (yazaalibwa 29 Ogwekkumineebiri 1998)<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2022-03-26 |title=Lual happy to lead UCU Canons chase for elusive championship |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/score/lual-happy-to-lead-ucu-canons-chase-for-elusive-championship-3761022 |access-date=2026-09-21 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Titus Odeke - Uganda - Player Profile - FIBA Basketball World Cup 2027 African Qualifiers {{!}} FIBA Basketball |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/events/fiba-basketball-world-cup-2027-african-qualifiers/teams/uganda/289760-titus-odeke |access-date=2026-09-21 |website=www.fiba.basketball |language=en}}</ref>[[Munnayuganda]] muzannyi wa mupiira ogw'ensero azannya nga omuweereza mu ttiimu ya UCU Canons<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Independent |date=2020-01-18 |title=UCU canons defeat city oilers |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/ucu-canons-defeat-city-oilers/ |access-date=2026-09-21 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> ne [[City Oilers|City]] [[City Oilers|Oilers]] mu Uganda National basketball league.<ref name="monitor.co.ug">{{Cite web |date=2022-03-26 |title=Lual happy to lead UCU Canons chase for elusive championship |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/score/lual-happy-to-lead-ucu-canons-chase-for-elusive-championship-3761022 |access-date=2026-08-20 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Obuto n'obuyigirize bwe == Titus yazaalibwa 29 Ogwekkumineebiri 1998<ref name=":1" /> mu [[Uganda]]. Yasomera ku [[Uganda Christian University]] (UCU), gye yazannyira ensero mu ttiimu ya UCU Canons.<ref name=":2" /> == Omulimu gwa kiraabu == Titus yatandika omupiira gw'ensero mu ttimu ya UCU Canons okuva mu 2019 okutuuka mu 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaweru |first=Franklin |date=2019-08-17 |title=UCU Canons shootdown Warriors to all but seal top spot |url=https://kawowo.com/2019/08/17/ucu-canons-shootdown-warriors-to-all-but-seal-top-spot/ |access-date=2026-09-21 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> gye yaweereza nga kapiteeni wa ttiimu era nakiikirira Uganda Christian University mu mpaka za FISU 3×3 World Cup eza 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2022 FISU University World Cup 3x3 Basketball |url=https://play.fiba3x3.com/events/67593cc9-bc06-4470-aea6-6c325eeffbcb/teams |access-date=2026-09-21 |website=play.fiba3x3.com}}</ref> Mu Gwolubereberye 2023, yava mu UCU Canons n’agenda mu [[City Oilers]], gye yakiikirira kiraabu eno mu mpaka za kiraabu z’awaka ne mu Afrika, omuli Road to BAL.<ref name="monitor.co.ug" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mutebi |first=Charles |date=2026-01-28 |title=Sports: City Oilers blend experience and youth in bid to reclaim NBL crown |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/city-oilers-blend-experience-and-youth-in-bid-NV_227040_082026 |access-date=2026-08-20 |website=New Vision}}</ref> == Emipiira gyayazannyira kiraabu wabweru w'eggwanga == Titus akiikirira ttiimu ya Silverbacks<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-07 |title=UCU trio earn summons as Silverbacks regroup |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/ucu-trio-earn-summons-as-silverbacks-regroup-2459376 |access-date=2026-09-15 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Baluku |first=Chrispus |date=2026-02-17 |title=Sports: Silverbacks announce squad for FIBA World Cup 2027 qualifiers |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/silverbacks-announce-squad-for-fiba-world-cup-NV_228212_082026 |access-date=2026-09-15 |website=New Vision}}</ref> ttiimu y'eggwanga eya Uganda national basketball. Yayingizibwa mu ttiimu ya Uganda ey’ekiseera mu mpaka za FIBA Afro Basket 2021 Qualifiers<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-14 |title=Every step counts for Ikong |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/every-step-counts-for-ikong-3290848 |access-date=2026-09-15 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> ng’azannya emipiira esatu mu kampeyini z’okusunsulamu. Yakiikirira Uganda mu mpaka za FIBA Basketball World Cup World Cup African Qualifiers eza 2023, mwe yazannyira emipiira esatu era mu 2026, yasigala akiikirira Uganda mu mpaka za FIBA Basketball World Cup 2027 African Qualifiers, ng’azannya ne Angola, Mali ne Misiri. == Awaadi == <blockquote>Mu Gwokutaano 2022, Titus yasunsulwamu okuwangula awaadi ya Forte bet Real Stars Monthly Award mu mutendera gw'ensero ogw’omutindo gwe yayolesa mu Gwokuna;<ref>{{Cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=2022-05-06 |title=Five disciplines to be rewarded at April 2022 Real Stars Sports Monthly Awards |url=https://kawowo.com/2022/05/06/five-disciplines-to-be-rewarded-at-april-2022-real-stars-sports-monthly-awards/ |access-date=2026-09-21 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> wabula awaadi eno yawangulwa munne mu yunivasite, Jerry Kayanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-11 |title=Nabangi aims for continental glory |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/nabangi-aims-for-continental-glory-3811818 |access-date=2026-09-21 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Yawangula awaadi ya Forte bet Real Stars Monthly Award ey'ensero mu Gwekkumineebiri 2023,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=2023-12-12 |title=Six sports personalities rewarded for best of November 2023 {{!}} Real Stars Sports Awards |url=https://kawowo.com/2023/12/12/six-sports-personalities-rewarded-for-best-of-november-2023-real-stars-sports-awards/ |access-date=2026-09-21 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> oluvannyuma lw'omutindo gwe yayolesa mu Gwekkuminoogumu yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=2022-05-06 |title=Five disciplines to be rewarded at April 2022 Real Stars Sports Monthly Awards |url=https://kawowo.com/2022/05/06/five-disciplines-to-be-rewarded-at-april-2022-real-stars-sports-monthly-awards/ |access-date=2026-09-21 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> </blockquote> == Laba ne == * [[James Okello]] * Jalen Watson * [[Ivan Muhwezi]] == Ebijulizizddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] q1b5s7pc7eu2xhpezwuv3gemf4rzvpe 75240 75239 2026-09-24T12:04:03Z Lillylove256 10862 added [[Category:Abantu abaasomerako ku Uganda Christian University]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 75240 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q134885226}} '''Titus Odeke''' era amanyiddwa nga Titus Lual Odeke (yazaalibwa 29 Ogwekkumineebiri 1998)<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2022-03-26 |title=Lual happy to lead UCU Canons chase for elusive championship |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/score/lual-happy-to-lead-ucu-canons-chase-for-elusive-championship-3761022 |access-date=2026-09-21 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Titus Odeke - Uganda - Player Profile - FIBA Basketball World Cup 2027 African Qualifiers {{!}} FIBA Basketball |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/events/fiba-basketball-world-cup-2027-african-qualifiers/teams/uganda/289760-titus-odeke |access-date=2026-09-21 |website=www.fiba.basketball |language=en}}</ref>[[Munnayuganda]] muzannyi wa mupiira ogw'ensero azannya nga omuweereza mu ttiimu ya UCU Canons<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Independent |date=2020-01-18 |title=UCU canons defeat city oilers |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/ucu-canons-defeat-city-oilers/ |access-date=2026-09-21 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> ne [[City Oilers|City]] [[City Oilers|Oilers]] mu Uganda National basketball league.<ref name="monitor.co.ug">{{Cite web |date=2022-03-26 |title=Lual happy to lead UCU Canons chase for elusive championship |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/score/lual-happy-to-lead-ucu-canons-chase-for-elusive-championship-3761022 |access-date=2026-08-20 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Obuto n'obuyigirize bwe == Titus yazaalibwa 29 Ogwekkumineebiri 1998<ref name=":1" /> mu [[Uganda]]. Yasomera ku [[Uganda Christian University]] (UCU), gye yazannyira ensero mu ttiimu ya UCU Canons.<ref name=":2" /> == Omulimu gwa kiraabu == Titus yatandika omupiira gw'ensero mu ttimu ya UCU Canons okuva mu 2019 okutuuka mu 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaweru |first=Franklin |date=2019-08-17 |title=UCU Canons shootdown Warriors to all but seal top spot |url=https://kawowo.com/2019/08/17/ucu-canons-shootdown-warriors-to-all-but-seal-top-spot/ |access-date=2026-09-21 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> gye yaweereza nga kapiteeni wa ttiimu era nakiikirira Uganda Christian University mu mpaka za FISU 3×3 World Cup eza 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2022 FISU University World Cup 3x3 Basketball |url=https://play.fiba3x3.com/events/67593cc9-bc06-4470-aea6-6c325eeffbcb/teams |access-date=2026-09-21 |website=play.fiba3x3.com}}</ref> Mu Gwolubereberye 2023, yava mu UCU Canons n’agenda mu [[City Oilers]], gye yakiikirira kiraabu eno mu mpaka za kiraabu z’awaka ne mu Afrika, omuli Road to BAL.<ref name="monitor.co.ug" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mutebi |first=Charles |date=2026-01-28 |title=Sports: City Oilers blend experience and youth in bid to reclaim NBL crown |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/city-oilers-blend-experience-and-youth-in-bid-NV_227040_082026 |access-date=2026-08-20 |website=New Vision}}</ref> == Emipiira gyayazannyira kiraabu wabweru w'eggwanga == Titus akiikirira ttiimu ya Silverbacks<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-07 |title=UCU trio earn summons as Silverbacks regroup |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/ucu-trio-earn-summons-as-silverbacks-regroup-2459376 |access-date=2026-09-15 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Baluku |first=Chrispus |date=2026-02-17 |title=Sports: Silverbacks announce squad for FIBA World Cup 2027 qualifiers |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/silverbacks-announce-squad-for-fiba-world-cup-NV_228212_082026 |access-date=2026-09-15 |website=New Vision}}</ref> ttiimu y'eggwanga eya Uganda national basketball. Yayingizibwa mu ttiimu ya Uganda ey’ekiseera mu mpaka za FIBA Afro Basket 2021 Qualifiers<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-14 |title=Every step counts for Ikong |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/every-step-counts-for-ikong-3290848 |access-date=2026-09-15 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> ng’azannya emipiira esatu mu kampeyini z’okusunsulamu. Yakiikirira Uganda mu mpaka za FIBA Basketball World Cup World Cup African Qualifiers eza 2023, mwe yazannyira emipiira esatu era mu 2026, yasigala akiikirira Uganda mu mpaka za FIBA Basketball World Cup 2027 African Qualifiers, ng’azannya ne Angola, Mali ne Misiri. == Awaadi == <blockquote>Mu Gwokutaano 2022, Titus yasunsulwamu okuwangula awaadi ya Forte bet Real Stars Monthly Award mu mutendera gw'ensero ogw’omutindo gwe yayolesa mu Gwokuna;<ref>{{Cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=2022-05-06 |title=Five disciplines to be rewarded at April 2022 Real Stars Sports Monthly Awards |url=https://kawowo.com/2022/05/06/five-disciplines-to-be-rewarded-at-april-2022-real-stars-sports-monthly-awards/ |access-date=2026-09-21 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> wabula awaadi eno yawangulwa munne mu yunivasite, Jerry Kayanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-11 |title=Nabangi aims for continental glory |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/nabangi-aims-for-continental-glory-3811818 |access-date=2026-09-21 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Yawangula awaadi ya Forte bet Real Stars Monthly Award ey'ensero mu Gwekkumineebiri 2023,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=2023-12-12 |title=Six sports personalities rewarded for best of November 2023 {{!}} Real Stars Sports Awards |url=https://kawowo.com/2023/12/12/six-sports-personalities-rewarded-for-best-of-november-2023-real-stars-sports-awards/ |access-date=2026-09-21 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> oluvannyuma lw'omutindo gwe yayolesa mu Gwekkuminoogumu yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=2022-05-06 |title=Five disciplines to be rewarded at April 2022 Real Stars Sports Monthly Awards |url=https://kawowo.com/2022/05/06/five-disciplines-to-be-rewarded-at-april-2022-real-stars-sports-monthly-awards/ |access-date=2026-09-21 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> </blockquote> == Laba ne == * [[James Okello]] * Jalen Watson * [[Ivan Muhwezi]] == Ebijulizizddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] [[Category:Abantu abaasomerako ku Uganda Christian University]] pajwb0wiihltsf1wk8tjaxmjwriwr7i 75241 75240 2026-09-24T12:04:45Z Lillylove256 10862 added [[Category:Abantu abazaalibwa mu 1998]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 75241 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q134885226}} '''Titus Odeke''' era amanyiddwa nga Titus Lual Odeke (yazaalibwa 29 Ogwekkumineebiri 1998)<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2022-03-26 |title=Lual happy to lead UCU Canons chase for elusive championship |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/score/lual-happy-to-lead-ucu-canons-chase-for-elusive-championship-3761022 |access-date=2026-09-21 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Titus Odeke - Uganda - Player Profile - FIBA Basketball World Cup 2027 African Qualifiers {{!}} FIBA Basketball |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/events/fiba-basketball-world-cup-2027-african-qualifiers/teams/uganda/289760-titus-odeke |access-date=2026-09-21 |website=www.fiba.basketball |language=en}}</ref>[[Munnayuganda]] muzannyi wa mupiira ogw'ensero azannya nga omuweereza mu ttiimu ya UCU Canons<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Independent |date=2020-01-18 |title=UCU canons defeat city oilers |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/ucu-canons-defeat-city-oilers/ |access-date=2026-09-21 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> ne [[City Oilers|City]] [[City Oilers|Oilers]] mu Uganda National basketball league.<ref name="monitor.co.ug">{{Cite web |date=2022-03-26 |title=Lual happy to lead UCU Canons chase for elusive championship |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/score/lual-happy-to-lead-ucu-canons-chase-for-elusive-championship-3761022 |access-date=2026-08-20 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Obuto n'obuyigirize bwe == Titus yazaalibwa 29 Ogwekkumineebiri 1998<ref name=":1" /> mu [[Uganda]]. Yasomera ku [[Uganda Christian University]] (UCU), gye yazannyira ensero mu ttiimu ya UCU Canons.<ref name=":2" /> == Omulimu gwa kiraabu == Titus yatandika omupiira gw'ensero mu ttimu ya UCU Canons okuva mu 2019 okutuuka mu 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaweru |first=Franklin |date=2019-08-17 |title=UCU Canons shootdown Warriors to all but seal top spot |url=https://kawowo.com/2019/08/17/ucu-canons-shootdown-warriors-to-all-but-seal-top-spot/ |access-date=2026-09-21 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> gye yaweereza nga kapiteeni wa ttiimu era nakiikirira Uganda Christian University mu mpaka za FISU 3×3 World Cup eza 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2022 FISU University World Cup 3x3 Basketball |url=https://play.fiba3x3.com/events/67593cc9-bc06-4470-aea6-6c325eeffbcb/teams |access-date=2026-09-21 |website=play.fiba3x3.com}}</ref> Mu Gwolubereberye 2023, yava mu UCU Canons n’agenda mu [[City Oilers]], gye yakiikirira kiraabu eno mu mpaka za kiraabu z’awaka ne mu Afrika, omuli Road to BAL.<ref name="monitor.co.ug" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mutebi |first=Charles |date=2026-01-28 |title=Sports: City Oilers blend experience and youth in bid to reclaim NBL crown |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/city-oilers-blend-experience-and-youth-in-bid-NV_227040_082026 |access-date=2026-08-20 |website=New Vision}}</ref> == Emipiira gyayazannyira kiraabu wabweru w'eggwanga == Titus akiikirira ttiimu ya Silverbacks<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-07 |title=UCU trio earn summons as Silverbacks regroup |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/ucu-trio-earn-summons-as-silverbacks-regroup-2459376 |access-date=2026-09-15 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Baluku |first=Chrispus |date=2026-02-17 |title=Sports: Silverbacks announce squad for FIBA World Cup 2027 qualifiers |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/silverbacks-announce-squad-for-fiba-world-cup-NV_228212_082026 |access-date=2026-09-15 |website=New Vision}}</ref> ttiimu y'eggwanga eya Uganda national basketball. Yayingizibwa mu ttiimu ya Uganda ey’ekiseera mu mpaka za FIBA Afro Basket 2021 Qualifiers<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-14 |title=Every step counts for Ikong |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/every-step-counts-for-ikong-3290848 |access-date=2026-09-15 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> ng’azannya emipiira esatu mu kampeyini z’okusunsulamu. Yakiikirira Uganda mu mpaka za FIBA Basketball World Cup World Cup African Qualifiers eza 2023, mwe yazannyira emipiira esatu era mu 2026, yasigala akiikirira Uganda mu mpaka za FIBA Basketball World Cup 2027 African Qualifiers, ng’azannya ne Angola, Mali ne Misiri. == Awaadi == <blockquote>Mu Gwokutaano 2022, Titus yasunsulwamu okuwangula awaadi ya Forte bet Real Stars Monthly Award mu mutendera gw'ensero ogw’omutindo gwe yayolesa mu Gwokuna;<ref>{{Cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=2022-05-06 |title=Five disciplines to be rewarded at April 2022 Real Stars Sports Monthly Awards |url=https://kawowo.com/2022/05/06/five-disciplines-to-be-rewarded-at-april-2022-real-stars-sports-monthly-awards/ |access-date=2026-09-21 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> wabula awaadi eno yawangulwa munne mu yunivasite, Jerry Kayanga.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-11 |title=Nabangi aims for continental glory |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/nabangi-aims-for-continental-glory-3811818 |access-date=2026-09-21 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Yawangula awaadi ya Forte bet Real Stars Monthly Award ey'ensero mu Gwekkumineebiri 2023,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=2023-12-12 |title=Six sports personalities rewarded for best of November 2023 {{!}} Real Stars Sports Awards |url=https://kawowo.com/2023/12/12/six-sports-personalities-rewarded-for-best-of-november-2023-real-stars-sports-awards/ |access-date=2026-09-21 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> oluvannyuma lw'omutindo gwe yayolesa mu Gwekkuminoogumu yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=2022-05-06 |title=Five disciplines to be rewarded at April 2022 Real Stars Sports Monthly Awards |url=https://kawowo.com/2022/05/06/five-disciplines-to-be-rewarded-at-april-2022-real-stars-sports-monthly-awards/ |access-date=2026-09-21 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> </blockquote> == Laba ne == * [[James Okello]] * Jalen Watson * [[Ivan Muhwezi]] == Ebijulizizddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] [[Category:Abantu abaasomerako ku Uganda Christian University]] [[Category:Abantu abazaalibwa mu 1998]] 0f5sxqj0jekwqt7sion73vgg9oomhxm Category:Abantu abazaalibwa mu 1998 14 15963 75242 2026-09-24T12:06:03Z Lillylove256 10862 Ngasseeko amatuluba 75242 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be bantu abazaalibwa mu 1998 j10naay0c9ou5pz6e6tfto2dwqk95a0 Gideon Angiro 0 15964 75247 2026-09-24T12:35:36Z Lillylove256 10862 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369633176|Gideon Angiro]]" 75247 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gideon Angiro Nespal''' (yazaalibwa 2 Ogwokubiri 2000)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gideon Angiro Nespal |url=https://caanathletics.com/player/gideon-angiro-nespal/ |access-date=July 27, 2025 |website=Caan Athletics |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Munnayuganda]] muzannyi wa volleyball azannya ng'omuteebi ow'ebweru mu Rwanda Energy Group Volleyball Club e Rwanda. Gideon Angiro yeetaba mu mpaka za Volleyball ez’amawanga ga Afrika eza 2021, ezaali mu kibuga Kigali ekya Rwanda.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Omusunsuzi |first=Bukedde |date=July 22, 2021 |title=Omutendesi wa ttiimu y'eggwanga eya Volleyball ayungudde abazannyi 18 |url=https://www.bukedde.co.ug/ebyemizannyo/BUK_104682/omutendesi-wa-ttiimu-yeggwanga-eya-volleyball |access-date=July 27, 2025 |website=Bukedde Online |lang=lg}}</ref> == Emirimu gye kiraabu == Gideon yatandika emirimu gya kiraabu egy’abakulu ne Nemostars mu 2018–2019, ng’azannya ng’omuteebi ow’ebweru mu liigi ya Uganda ey’awaka.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Gideon Angiro Nespal » clubs :: Volleybox |url=https://volleybox.net/gideon-angiro-nespal-p72929/clubs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240715140641/https://volleybox.net/gideon-angiro-nespal-p72929/clubs |archive-date=July 15, 2024 |access-date=July 27, 2025 |website=Volleybox |language=en}}</ref> Okuva mu 2020 okutuuka mu 2021, Gideon yagenda mu KCCA, gye yalondebwa mu ttiimu y’eggwanga ey’empaka z’amawanga ga Afrika mu 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Abdusalam |first=Kigozi |date=July 21, 2021 |title=Volleyball Cranes Squad for African Nations Championship Named |url=https://chimpreports.com/volleyball-cranes-squad-for-african-nations-championship-named/ |access-date=July 27, 2025 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Yazannya volleyball mu [[Albania]] mu ttiimu ya Partizani Tirana mu sizoni ya 2021/22.<ref name=":0" /> Ku ntandikwa ya 2023, Gideon yeegatta ku UCU Doves n’afuuka kapiteeni wa ttiimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sports |first=Pulse |date=April 23, 2023 |title=UCU Doves smash KAVC to reach National Volleyball League finals |url=https://www.pulsesports.ug/volleyball/story/ucu-doves-smash-kavc-to-reach-national-volleyball-league-finals-2023042318561590508 |access-date=July 27, 2025 |website=Pulse Sports Uganda |language=en}}</ref> Mu Gwokutaano 2023, yassa omukono ku ndagaano ya ITC ey’ekiseera ekitono ey’emyezi esatu ne ttiimu ya APR, ttiimu ya volleyball y’amagye ga Rwanda.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sports |first=Pulse |date=May 17, 2023 |title=UCU Doves captain Gideon Angiro joins Rwanda's APR |url=https://www.pulsesports.ug/volleyball/story/ucu-doves-captain-gideon-angiro-joins-rwandas-apr-2023051710093405373 |access-date=July 27, 2025 |website=Pulse Sports Uganda |language=en}}</ref> Mu Gwolubereberye 2025, Gideon yeegatta ku Rwanda Energy Group Volleyball Club e Rwanda.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 29, 2023 |title=Rwanda’s REG raids Uganda for top volleyball talent |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/other-sport/rwanda-s-reg-raids-uganda-for-top-volleyball-talent-4448832 |access-date=July 27, 2025 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Emipiira gyazannyira kiraabu wabweru w'eggwanga == Gideon Angiro yazannyira ttiimu ya Uganda ey’eggwanga eya volleyball mu mpaka z’amawanga ga Afrika eza 2021.<ref>{{Citation |title=2021 Men's African Nations Volleyball Championship |date=June 25, 2024 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2021_Men%27s_African_Nations_Volleyball_Championship&oldid=1230937195 |access-date=July 27, 2025 |language=en}}</ref> == Ebituukiddwaako n’ebitiibwa == MVP era omulumbaganyi asinga mu mpaka z'ensi yonna eza NSSF KAVC eza 2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 6, 2024 |title=Angiro shines for REG |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/other-sport/angiro-shines-for-reg-4716264 |access-date=July 27, 2025 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Gideon yawangula ekikopo kya Rwanda Liberation Cup ne APR Volleyball Club mu Gwomusanvu 2023<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sports |first=Pulse |date=July 10, 2023 |title=Uganda’s Ainembabazi, Angiro shine in Rwanda Liberation Cup |url=https://www.pulsesports.ug/volleyball/story/ugandas-ainembabazi-angiro-shine-in-rwanda-liberation-cup-2023071007304425275 |access-date=July 27, 2025 |website=Pulse Sports Uganda |language=en}}</ref> Yazannya mu mpaka za Volleyball ez'amawanga ga Afrika eza 2021 ezategekebwa mu [[Kigali|kibuga Kigali]] ekya [[Rwanda]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Abdusalam |first=Kigozi |date=August 24, 2021 |title=Volleyball Cranes: Final Roster for African Championship Named |url=https://chimpreports.com/volleyball-cranes-final-roster-for-african-championship-named/ |access-date=July 27, 2025 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] kryajfvazgf7met24vcdsxeag0i6c0f 75248 75247 2026-09-24T12:36:23Z Lillylove256 10862 Ngasseeko Databox 75248 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q134630468}} '''Gideon Angiro Nespal''' (yazaalibwa 2 Ogwokubiri 2000)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gideon Angiro Nespal |url=https://caanathletics.com/player/gideon-angiro-nespal/ |access-date=July 27, 2025 |website=Caan Athletics |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Munnayuganda]] muzannyi wa volleyball azannya ng'omuteebi ow'ebweru mu Rwanda Energy Group Volleyball Club e Rwanda. Gideon Angiro yeetaba mu mpaka za Volleyball ez’amawanga ga Afrika eza 2021, ezaali mu kibuga Kigali ekya Rwanda.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Omusunsuzi |first=Bukedde |date=July 22, 2021 |title=Omutendesi wa ttiimu y'eggwanga eya Volleyball ayungudde abazannyi 18 |url=https://www.bukedde.co.ug/ebyemizannyo/BUK_104682/omutendesi-wa-ttiimu-yeggwanga-eya-volleyball |access-date=July 27, 2025 |website=Bukedde Online |lang=lg}}</ref> == Emirimu gye kiraabu == Gideon yatandika emirimu gya kiraabu egy’abakulu ne Nemostars mu 2018–2019, ng’azannya ng’omuteebi ow’ebweru mu liigi ya Uganda ey’awaka.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Gideon Angiro Nespal » clubs :: Volleybox |url=https://volleybox.net/gideon-angiro-nespal-p72929/clubs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240715140641/https://volleybox.net/gideon-angiro-nespal-p72929/clubs |archive-date=July 15, 2024 |access-date=July 27, 2025 |website=Volleybox |language=en}}</ref> Okuva mu 2020 okutuuka mu 2021, Gideon yagenda mu KCCA, gye yalondebwa mu ttiimu y’eggwanga ey’empaka z’amawanga ga Afrika mu 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Abdusalam |first=Kigozi |date=July 21, 2021 |title=Volleyball Cranes Squad for African Nations Championship Named |url=https://chimpreports.com/volleyball-cranes-squad-for-african-nations-championship-named/ |access-date=July 27, 2025 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Yazannya volleyball mu [[Albania]] mu ttiimu ya Partizani Tirana mu sizoni ya 2021/22.<ref name=":0" /> Ku ntandikwa ya 2023, Gideon yeegatta ku UCU Doves n’afuuka kapiteeni wa ttiimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sports |first=Pulse |date=April 23, 2023 |title=UCU Doves smash KAVC to reach National Volleyball League finals |url=https://www.pulsesports.ug/volleyball/story/ucu-doves-smash-kavc-to-reach-national-volleyball-league-finals-2023042318561590508 |access-date=July 27, 2025 |website=Pulse Sports Uganda |language=en}}</ref> Mu Gwokutaano 2023, yassa omukono ku ndagaano ya ITC ey’ekiseera ekitono ey’emyezi esatu ne ttiimu ya APR, ttiimu ya volleyball y’amagye ga Rwanda.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sports |first=Pulse |date=May 17, 2023 |title=UCU Doves captain Gideon Angiro joins Rwanda's APR |url=https://www.pulsesports.ug/volleyball/story/ucu-doves-captain-gideon-angiro-joins-rwandas-apr-2023051710093405373 |access-date=July 27, 2025 |website=Pulse Sports Uganda |language=en}}</ref> Mu Gwolubereberye 2025, Gideon yeegatta ku Rwanda Energy Group Volleyball Club e Rwanda.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 29, 2023 |title=Rwanda’s REG raids Uganda for top volleyball talent |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/other-sport/rwanda-s-reg-raids-uganda-for-top-volleyball-talent-4448832 |access-date=July 27, 2025 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Emipiira gyazannyira kiraabu wabweru w'eggwanga == Gideon Angiro yazannyira ttiimu ya Uganda ey’eggwanga eya volleyball mu mpaka z’amawanga ga Afrika eza 2021.<ref>{{Citation |title=2021 Men's African Nations Volleyball Championship |date=June 25, 2024 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2021_Men%27s_African_Nations_Volleyball_Championship&oldid=1230937195 |access-date=July 27, 2025 |language=en}}</ref> == Ebituukiddwaako n’ebitiibwa == MVP era omulumbaganyi asinga mu mpaka z'ensi yonna eza NSSF KAVC eza 2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 6, 2024 |title=Angiro shines for REG |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/other-sport/angiro-shines-for-reg-4716264 |access-date=July 27, 2025 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Gideon yawangula ekikopo kya Rwanda Liberation Cup ne APR Volleyball Club mu Gwomusanvu 2023<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sports |first=Pulse |date=July 10, 2023 |title=Uganda’s Ainembabazi, Angiro shine in Rwanda Liberation Cup |url=https://www.pulsesports.ug/volleyball/story/ugandas-ainembabazi-angiro-shine-in-rwanda-liberation-cup-2023071007304425275 |access-date=July 27, 2025 |website=Pulse Sports Uganda |language=en}}</ref> Yazannya mu mpaka za Volleyball ez'amawanga ga Afrika eza 2021 ezategekebwa mu [[Kigali|kibuga Kigali]] ekya [[Rwanda]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Abdusalam |first=Kigozi |date=August 24, 2021 |title=Volleyball Cranes: Final Roster for African Championship Named |url=https://chimpreports.com/volleyball-cranes-final-roster-for-african-championship-named/ |access-date=July 27, 2025 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] 7lju7npwikzfhy9pyhroogu2r4yw542 75249 75248 2026-09-24T12:37:07Z Lillylove256 10862 added [[Category:Abantu abazaalibwa mu 2000]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 75249 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q134630468}} '''Gideon Angiro Nespal''' (yazaalibwa 2 Ogwokubiri 2000)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gideon Angiro Nespal |url=https://caanathletics.com/player/gideon-angiro-nespal/ |access-date=July 27, 2025 |website=Caan Athletics |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Munnayuganda]] muzannyi wa volleyball azannya ng'omuteebi ow'ebweru mu Rwanda Energy Group Volleyball Club e Rwanda. Gideon Angiro yeetaba mu mpaka za Volleyball ez’amawanga ga Afrika eza 2021, ezaali mu kibuga Kigali ekya Rwanda.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Omusunsuzi |first=Bukedde |date=July 22, 2021 |title=Omutendesi wa ttiimu y'eggwanga eya Volleyball ayungudde abazannyi 18 |url=https://www.bukedde.co.ug/ebyemizannyo/BUK_104682/omutendesi-wa-ttiimu-yeggwanga-eya-volleyball |access-date=July 27, 2025 |website=Bukedde Online |lang=lg}}</ref> == Emirimu gye kiraabu == Gideon yatandika emirimu gya kiraabu egy’abakulu ne Nemostars mu 2018–2019, ng’azannya ng’omuteebi ow’ebweru mu liigi ya Uganda ey’awaka.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Gideon Angiro Nespal » clubs :: Volleybox |url=https://volleybox.net/gideon-angiro-nespal-p72929/clubs |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240715140641/https://volleybox.net/gideon-angiro-nespal-p72929/clubs |archive-date=July 15, 2024 |access-date=July 27, 2025 |website=Volleybox |language=en}}</ref> Okuva mu 2020 okutuuka mu 2021, Gideon yagenda mu KCCA, gye yalondebwa mu ttiimu y’eggwanga ey’empaka z’amawanga ga Afrika mu 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Abdusalam |first=Kigozi |date=July 21, 2021 |title=Volleyball Cranes Squad for African Nations Championship Named |url=https://chimpreports.com/volleyball-cranes-squad-for-african-nations-championship-named/ |access-date=July 27, 2025 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Yazannya volleyball mu [[Albania]] mu ttiimu ya Partizani Tirana mu sizoni ya 2021/22.<ref name=":0" /> Ku ntandikwa ya 2023, Gideon yeegatta ku UCU Doves n’afuuka kapiteeni wa ttiimu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sports |first=Pulse |date=April 23, 2023 |title=UCU Doves smash KAVC to reach National Volleyball League finals |url=https://www.pulsesports.ug/volleyball/story/ucu-doves-smash-kavc-to-reach-national-volleyball-league-finals-2023042318561590508 |access-date=July 27, 2025 |website=Pulse Sports Uganda |language=en}}</ref> Mu Gwokutaano 2023, yassa omukono ku ndagaano ya ITC ey’ekiseera ekitono ey’emyezi esatu ne ttiimu ya APR, ttiimu ya volleyball y’amagye ga Rwanda.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sports |first=Pulse |date=May 17, 2023 |title=UCU Doves captain Gideon Angiro joins Rwanda's APR |url=https://www.pulsesports.ug/volleyball/story/ucu-doves-captain-gideon-angiro-joins-rwandas-apr-2023051710093405373 |access-date=July 27, 2025 |website=Pulse Sports Uganda |language=en}}</ref> Mu Gwolubereberye 2025, Gideon yeegatta ku Rwanda Energy Group Volleyball Club e Rwanda.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 29, 2023 |title=Rwanda’s REG raids Uganda for top volleyball talent |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/other-sport/rwanda-s-reg-raids-uganda-for-top-volleyball-talent-4448832 |access-date=July 27, 2025 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Emipiira gyazannyira kiraabu wabweru w'eggwanga == Gideon Angiro yazannyira ttiimu ya Uganda ey’eggwanga eya volleyball mu mpaka z’amawanga ga Afrika eza 2021.<ref>{{Citation |title=2021 Men's African Nations Volleyball Championship |date=June 25, 2024 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2021_Men%27s_African_Nations_Volleyball_Championship&oldid=1230937195 |access-date=July 27, 2025 |language=en}}</ref> == Ebituukiddwaako n’ebitiibwa == MVP era omulumbaganyi asinga mu mpaka z'ensi yonna eza NSSF KAVC eza 2024<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 6, 2024 |title=Angiro shines for REG |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/other-sport/angiro-shines-for-reg-4716264 |access-date=July 27, 2025 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Gideon yawangula ekikopo kya Rwanda Liberation Cup ne APR Volleyball Club mu Gwomusanvu 2023<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sports |first=Pulse |date=July 10, 2023 |title=Uganda’s Ainembabazi, Angiro shine in Rwanda Liberation Cup |url=https://www.pulsesports.ug/volleyball/story/ugandas-ainembabazi-angiro-shine-in-rwanda-liberation-cup-2023071007304425275 |access-date=July 27, 2025 |website=Pulse Sports Uganda |language=en}}</ref> Yazannya mu mpaka za Volleyball ez'amawanga ga Afrika eza 2021 ezategekebwa mu [[Kigali|kibuga Kigali]] ekya [[Rwanda]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Abdusalam |first=Kigozi |date=August 24, 2021 |title=Volleyball Cranes: Final Roster for African Championship Named |url=https://chimpreports.com/volleyball-cranes-final-roster-for-african-championship-named/ |access-date=July 27, 2025 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] [[Category:Abantu abazaalibwa mu 2000]] rkopnil7327rkzeuohes1l1gspo4uug Category:Abantu abazaalibwa mu 2000 14 15965 75250 2026-09-24T12:37:32Z Lillylove256 10862 Ngasseeko amatuluba 75250 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano be bantu abazaalibwa mu 2000 hnphrhbv5443fecw1wr78orwae2knyv Category:Abakyaala aba Paliyamenti ya Uganda 14 15966 75272 2026-09-25T00:20:41Z Halimah Nampiima 11015 ngaseeko etuluba 75272 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano bebabaka a bakyala abakikirila mu paliamenti ya Uganda fg80yl0fktcbcetrqgn0mn00pug689r Category:Ababaka ba paliyamenti ya Uganda eyo 11th 14 15967 75273 2026-09-25T00:22:20Z Halimah Nampiima 11015 ngaseeko etuluba 75273 wikitext text/x-wiki Bano bebabaka abakirira mu paliyamenti ya Uganda eyo 11th pidxc9i4v0hh554yvy21j39ngw0225k