Wikipedia lgwiki https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olupapula_Olusooka MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.22 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 3863 75712 34895 2026-09-30T18:19:11Z Wiki.lukron 11854 /* */ I have edited the text in the article 75712 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Woman harvesting peanuts.jpg|thumb|Okulima_ebinyeebwa.]] Okulima ebinyeebwa m'uganda kimu kubyoyinza okuyitamu okufuuka binojjo. ENSIMBA YEBINYEEBWA. 1 Bwoba ogenda okusimba ebinyeebwa ewantu w'obisimba walina okuba nga wajjimu 2.Ewantu w'ogenda okusimba ebinyeebwa olina okusooka nokabalawo bulunji kisobozese ebinyeebwa okugejja n'okweyagarila muttaka obulungi. ENDABIRILA YEBIYEEBWA. Ebinyeebwa olina okubikoola emirundi ebiri (2) mpaka lwebituuka okukungula. Omulundi ogusooka olina okusooka nobikulamu omuddo Omulundi ogwokubbiri olina okubitemera 9xd8tjyxlj9y9axq2ro0flu7nk00dp3 0 8171 75800 75659 2026-10-01T04:55:15Z Berniter 10779 /* Okusoma kwe */ 75800 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Eleanor Vaal Nansibo Nabwiso'''<ref>Eleanor Nabwiso</ref>(yazaalibwa 24 Ogwokubiri 1989) [[:en:Uganda|munayuganda]] omuzannyi wa firimu, mukozi wa  firimu,mutereeza wa firimu era muntu amanyiddwa ennyo ku ttivvi.Amanyiddwa nnyo olw’emirimu gye yakola nga director mu The Hostel, Rain, Beneath the Lies – Series, ne Bed of Thorns.”Alina kampuni ekola firimu eyitibwa Nabwiso Films gye yatandikawo wamu n’omwami we Matthew Nabwiso. [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Eddiini mu Buganda]] == Obuvo nobulamu bwe == Nabwiso yazaalibwa mu ddwaaliro lya Sir Albert Cook Mengo, eri Rev. Dr. Kefa Sempangi, Munabyabufuzi eyamumula ne Jane Frances Nakamya.Nabwiso ye mwana ow'okusatu ku baana abataano. Kitaawe ye yatandikawo Ekkanisa ya Presbyterian mu Uganda.Yali muntu wa mugaso nnyo mu buweereza bw’okuyamba abaana ababeera ku nguudo mu Uganda 1971, wansi w’omukago gwa The Africa Foundation. == Okusoma kwe == Nabwiso yamaliriza emisomo gye egya pulayimale ku ssomero lya Namagunga Girls' Primary School.Oluvannyuma, Yegatta ku Seeta High School Mukono, gye yasomera siniya eyokuna ne yomukaaga.Yegatta ku Sikkim Manipal University gye yafunira Ddiguli mu bya tekinologiya. == Awaadi n'okulondebwa == Yawangula ekirabo kya Best Actress in TV Drama mu [[:en:Uganda_Film_Festival_Awards|Uganda Film Festival Awards]] 2019,<ref>Eleanor Nabwiso</ref> era yalondebwa era n'awangula ekirabo ca London Arthouse Film Festivale Award, Africa Focus Award for Best Feature Film, byombi olw'omuzannyo Bed of Thorns.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Eleanor-and-Matthew-Nabwiso-s-fairytale/689842-1906064-37mfmk/index.html|title=Eleanor and Matthew Nabwiso's fairytale|website=Daily Monitor|language=en|access-date=2020-03-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe == Yafumbirwa omuzannyi wa firimu era omuyimbi [[:en:Matthew_Nabwiso|Matthew Nabwiso]] era balina abaana bana.<ref>Eleanor Nabwiso</ref><ref>Eleanor Nabwiso</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references responsive="1"></references> 0fnij778u9b48zekq7a0pigrhdzhnkc 75801 75800 2026-10-01T05:03:37Z Berniter 10779 /* Awaadi n'okulondebwa */ 75801 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Eleanor Vaal Nansibo Nabwiso'''<ref>Eleanor Nabwiso</ref>(yazaalibwa 24 Ogwokubiri 1989) [[:en:Uganda|munayuganda]] omuzannyi wa firimu, mukozi wa  firimu,mutereeza wa firimu era muntu amanyiddwa ennyo ku ttivvi.Amanyiddwa nnyo olw’emirimu gye yakola nga director mu The Hostel, Rain, Beneath the Lies – Series, ne Bed of Thorns.”Alina kampuni ekola firimu eyitibwa Nabwiso Films gye yatandikawo wamu n’omwami we Matthew Nabwiso. [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Eddiini mu Buganda]] == Obuvo nobulamu bwe == Nabwiso yazaalibwa mu ddwaaliro lya Sir Albert Cook Mengo, eri Rev. Dr. Kefa Sempangi, Munabyabufuzi eyamumula ne Jane Frances Nakamya.Nabwiso ye mwana ow'okusatu ku baana abataano. Kitaawe ye yatandikawo Ekkanisa ya Presbyterian mu Uganda.Yali muntu wa mugaso nnyo mu buweereza bw’okuyamba abaana ababeera ku nguudo mu Uganda 1971, wansi w’omukago gwa The Africa Foundation. == Okusoma kwe == Nabwiso yamaliriza emisomo gye egya pulayimale ku ssomero lya Namagunga Girls' Primary School.Oluvannyuma, Yegatta ku Seeta High School Mukono, gye yasomera siniya eyokuna ne yomukaaga.Yegatta ku Sikkim Manipal University gye yafunira Ddiguli mu bya tekinologiya. == Omulimu == Yawangula ekirabo kya Best Actress in TV Drama mu [[:en:Uganda_Film_Festival_Awards|Uganda Film Festival Awards]] 2019,<ref>Eleanor Nabwiso</ref> era yalondebwa era n'awangula ekirabo ca London Arthouse Film Festivale Award, Africa Focus Award for Best Feature Film, byombi olw'omuzannyo Bed of Thorns.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Eleanor-and-Matthew-Nabwiso-s-fairytale/689842-1906064-37mfmk/index.html|title=Eleanor and Matthew Nabwiso's fairytale|website=Daily Monitor|language=en|access-date=2020-03-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe == Yafumbirwa omuzannyi wa firimu era omuyimbi [[:en:Matthew_Nabwiso|Matthew Nabwiso]] era balina abaana bana.<ref>Eleanor Nabwiso</ref><ref>Eleanor Nabwiso</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references responsive="1"></references> 14s7ymne0q7fd7lpo2ryti1gidjl787 75803 75801 2026-10-01T05:06:35Z Berniter 10779 /* Omulimu */ 75803 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Eleanor Vaal Nansibo Nabwiso'''<ref>Eleanor Nabwiso</ref>(yazaalibwa 24 Ogwokubiri 1989) [[:en:Uganda|munayuganda]] omuzannyi wa firimu, mukozi wa  firimu,mutereeza wa firimu era muntu amanyiddwa ennyo ku ttivvi.Amanyiddwa nnyo olw’emirimu gye yakola nga director mu The Hostel, Rain, Beneath the Lies – Series, ne Bed of Thorns.”Alina kampuni ekola firimu eyitibwa Nabwiso Films gye yatandikawo wamu n’omwami we Matthew Nabwiso. [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Eddiini mu Buganda]] == Obuvo nobulamu bwe == Nabwiso yazaalibwa mu ddwaaliro lya Sir Albert Cook Mengo, eri Rev. Dr. Kefa Sempangi, Munabyabufuzi eyamumula ne Jane Frances Nakamya.Nabwiso ye mwana ow'okusatu ku baana abataano. Kitaawe ye yatandikawo Ekkanisa ya Presbyterian mu Uganda.Yali muntu wa mugaso nnyo mu buweereza bw’okuyamba abaana ababeera ku nguudo mu Uganda 1971, wansi w’omukago gwa The Africa Foundation. == Okusoma kwe == Nabwiso yamaliriza emisomo gye egya pulayimale ku ssomero lya Namagunga Girls' Primary School.Oluvannyuma, Yegatta ku Seeta High School Mukono, gye yasomera siniya eyokuna ne yomukaaga.Yegatta ku Sikkim Manipal University gye yafunira Ddiguli mu bya tekinologiya. == Omulimu == Olugendo lwe olw'okuzannya n'okukola firimu lwatandika ng'akyali mu myaka gya buvubuka. == Obulamu bwe == Yafumbirwa omuzannyi wa firimu era omuyimbi [[:en:Matthew_Nabwiso|Matthew Nabwiso]] era balina abaana bana.<ref>Eleanor Nabwiso</ref><ref>Eleanor Nabwiso</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references responsive="1"></references> 32caw3o6xlo1hcfr0qvpqizy9s6pswj 75804 75803 2026-10-01T05:23:01Z Berniter 10779 /* Omulimu */ 75804 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Eleanor Vaal Nansibo Nabwiso'''<ref>Eleanor Nabwiso</ref>(yazaalibwa 24 Ogwokubiri 1989) [[:en:Uganda|munayuganda]] omuzannyi wa firimu, mukozi wa  firimu,mutereeza wa firimu era muntu amanyiddwa ennyo ku ttivvi.Amanyiddwa nnyo olw’emirimu gye yakola nga director mu The Hostel, Rain, Beneath the Lies – Series, ne Bed of Thorns.”Alina kampuni ekola firimu eyitibwa Nabwiso Films gye yatandikawo wamu n’omwami we Matthew Nabwiso. [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Eddiini mu Buganda]] == Obuvo nobulamu bwe == Nabwiso yazaalibwa mu ddwaaliro lya Sir Albert Cook Mengo, eri Rev. Dr. Kefa Sempangi, Munabyabufuzi eyamumula ne Jane Frances Nakamya.Nabwiso ye mwana ow'okusatu ku baana abataano. Kitaawe ye yatandikawo Ekkanisa ya Presbyterian mu Uganda.Yali muntu wa mugaso nnyo mu buweereza bw’okuyamba abaana ababeera ku nguudo mu Uganda 1971, wansi w’omukago gwa The Africa Foundation. == Okusoma kwe == Nabwiso yamaliriza emisomo gye egya pulayimale ku ssomero lya Namagunga Girls' Primary School.Oluvannyuma, Yegatta ku Seeta High School Mukono, gye yasomera siniya eyokuna ne yomukaaga.Yegatta ku Sikkim Manipal University gye yafunira Ddiguli mu bya tekinologiya. == Omulimu == Olugendo lwe olw'okuzannya n'okukola firimu lwatandika ng'akyali mu myaka gya buvubuka.Yalondebwa okuweereza  pulogulaamu ya wiikendi K-Files ku WBS TV.Yazannya mu The hostel ,film ya Uganda nga yakolebwa Sabiiti "MMC" Moses ne Emmanuel "BUUBA"Egwel nga ekwata ku bulamu bw'abayizi ba Yunivasite mu bisulo byabwe. == Obulamu bwe == Yafumbirwa omuzannyi wa firimu era omuyimbi [[:en:Matthew_Nabwiso|Matthew Nabwiso]] era balina abaana bana.<ref>Eleanor Nabwiso</ref><ref>Eleanor Nabwiso</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references responsive="1"></references> ji2c1xrz531kw6ujdzjr73ym673surc 75808 75804 2026-10-01T05:50:40Z Berniter 10779 /* Omulimu */ 75808 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Eleanor Vaal Nansibo Nabwiso'''<ref>Eleanor Nabwiso</ref>(yazaalibwa 24 Ogwokubiri 1989) [[:en:Uganda|munayuganda]] omuzannyi wa firimu, mukozi wa  firimu,mutereeza wa firimu era muntu amanyiddwa ennyo ku ttivvi.Amanyiddwa nnyo olw’emirimu gye yakola nga director mu The Hostel, Rain, Beneath the Lies – Series, ne Bed of Thorns.”Alina kampuni ekola firimu eyitibwa Nabwiso Films gye yatandikawo wamu n’omwami we Matthew Nabwiso. [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Eddiini mu Buganda]] == Obuvo nobulamu bwe == Nabwiso yazaalibwa mu ddwaaliro lya Sir Albert Cook Mengo, eri Rev. Dr. Kefa Sempangi, Munabyabufuzi eyamumula ne Jane Frances Nakamya.Nabwiso ye mwana ow'okusatu ku baana abataano. Kitaawe ye yatandikawo Ekkanisa ya Presbyterian mu Uganda.Yali muntu wa mugaso nnyo mu buweereza bw’okuyamba abaana ababeera ku nguudo mu Uganda 1971, wansi w’omukago gwa The Africa Foundation. == Okusoma kwe == Nabwiso yamaliriza emisomo gye egya pulayimale ku ssomero lya Namagunga Girls' Primary School.Oluvannyuma, Yegatta ku Seeta High School Mukono, gye yasomera siniya eyokuna ne yomukaaga.Yegatta ku Sikkim Manipal University gye yafunira Ddiguli mu bya tekinologiya. == Omulimu == Olugendo lwe olw'okuzannya n'okukola firimu lwatandika ng'akyali mu myaka gya buvubuka.Yalondebwa okuweereza  pulogulaamu ya wiikendi K-Files ku WBS TV.Yazannya mu The hostel ,film ya Uganda nga yakolebwa Sabiiti "MMC" Moses ne Emmanuel "BUUBA"Egwel nga ekwata ku bulamu bw'abayizi ba Yunivasite mu bisulo byabwe.Yazannya mu mu Kyaddala, omuzannyo gwa pan-Africa eyakolebwa Emmanuel Ikubese ku lwa Emmanuel Ikubese Films ne Reach a Hand Uganda, ng’azannya nga Bursar Family (Hashtag Family) TV series nga Jackie Mpanga, Beneath The Lies omuzannyo gwa ttivvi ogw’ebyama ogwakolebwa Nana Kagga Macpherson nga Nancy, Watch Over Me nga Lynnet. Bed of Thorns (#Tosirika)  firimu yabakyala  oyakolebwa era n’ekukulemberwa ye, nga yakolebwa ku Nabwiso Films. == Obulamu bwe == Yafumbirwa omuzannyi wa firimu era omuyimbi [[:en:Matthew_Nabwiso|Matthew Nabwiso]] era balina abaana bana.<ref>Eleanor Nabwiso</ref><ref>Eleanor Nabwiso</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references responsive="1"></references> 65fekctcdzpccrmwwbqb0cdvrolkejr 75809 75808 2026-10-01T05:53:17Z Berniter 10779 /* Omulimu */ 75809 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Eleanor Vaal Nansibo Nabwiso'''<ref>Eleanor Nabwiso</ref>(yazaalibwa 24 Ogwokubiri 1989) [[:en:Uganda|munayuganda]] omuzannyi wa firimu, mukozi wa  firimu,mutereeza wa firimu era muntu amanyiddwa ennyo ku ttivvi.Amanyiddwa nnyo olw’emirimu gye yakola nga director mu The Hostel, Rain, Beneath the Lies – Series, ne Bed of Thorns.”Alina kampuni ekola firimu eyitibwa Nabwiso Films gye yatandikawo wamu n’omwami we Matthew Nabwiso. [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Eddiini mu Buganda]] == Obuvo nobulamu bwe == Nabwiso yazaalibwa mu ddwaaliro lya Sir Albert Cook Mengo, eri Rev. Dr. Kefa Sempangi, Munabyabufuzi eyamumula ne Jane Frances Nakamya.Nabwiso ye mwana ow'okusatu ku baana abataano. Kitaawe ye yatandikawo Ekkanisa ya Presbyterian mu Uganda.Yali muntu wa mugaso nnyo mu buweereza bw’okuyamba abaana ababeera ku nguudo mu Uganda 1971, wansi w’omukago gwa The Africa Foundation. == Okusoma kwe == Nabwiso yamaliriza emisomo gye egya pulayimale ku ssomero lya Namagunga Girls' Primary School.Oluvannyuma, Yegatta ku Seeta High School Mukono, gye yasomera siniya eyokuna ne yomukaaga.Yegatta ku Sikkim Manipal University gye yafunira Ddiguli mu bya tekinologiya. == Omulimu == Olugendo lwe olw'okuzannya n'okukola firimu lwatandika ng'akyali mu myaka gya buvubuka.Yalondebwa okuweereza  pulogulaamu ya wiikendi K-Files ku WBS TV.Yazannya mu The hostel ,film ya Uganda nga yakolebwa Sabiiti "MMC" Moses ne Emmanuel "BUUBA"Egwel nga ekwata ku bulamu bw'abayizi ba Yunivasite mu bisulo byabwe.Yazannya mu mu Kyaddala, omuzannyo gwa pan-Africa eyakolebwa Emmanuel Ikubese ku lwa Emmanuel Ikubese Films ne Reach a Hand Uganda, ng’azannya nga Bursar Family (Hashtag Family) TV series nga Jackie Mpanga, Beneath The Lies omuzannyo gwa ttivvi ogw’ebyama ogwakolebwa Nana Kagga Macpherson nga Nancy, Watch Over Me nga Lynnet. Bed of Thorns (#Tosirika)  firimu yabakyala  oyakolebwa era n’ekukulemberwa ye, nga yakolebwa ku Nabwiso Films. == Awaadi n'okulondebwa == Yafumbirwa omuzannyi wa firimu era omuyimbi [[:en:Matthew_Nabwiso|Matthew Nabwiso]] era balina abaana bana.<ref>Eleanor Nabwiso</ref><ref>Eleanor Nabwiso</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references responsive="1"></references> bjzea0ngdm2l4lzns1dgk672hgrxd9l 75811 75809 2026-10-01T06:48:26Z Berniter 10779 /* Awaadi n'okulondebwa */ 75811 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Eleanor Vaal Nansibo Nabwiso'''<ref>Eleanor Nabwiso</ref>(yazaalibwa 24 Ogwokubiri 1989) [[:en:Uganda|munayuganda]] omuzannyi wa firimu, mukozi wa  firimu,mutereeza wa firimu era muntu amanyiddwa ennyo ku ttivvi.Amanyiddwa nnyo olw’emirimu gye yakola nga director mu The Hostel, Rain, Beneath the Lies – Series, ne Bed of Thorns.”Alina kampuni ekola firimu eyitibwa Nabwiso Films gye yatandikawo wamu n’omwami we Matthew Nabwiso. [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Eddiini mu Buganda]] == Obuvo nobulamu bwe == Nabwiso yazaalibwa mu ddwaaliro lya Sir Albert Cook Mengo, eri Rev. Dr. Kefa Sempangi, Munabyabufuzi eyamumula ne Jane Frances Nakamya.Nabwiso ye mwana ow'okusatu ku baana abataano. Kitaawe ye yatandikawo Ekkanisa ya Presbyterian mu Uganda.Yali muntu wa mugaso nnyo mu buweereza bw’okuyamba abaana ababeera ku nguudo mu Uganda 1971, wansi w’omukago gwa The Africa Foundation. == Okusoma kwe == Nabwiso yamaliriza emisomo gye egya pulayimale ku ssomero lya Namagunga Girls' Primary School.Oluvannyuma, Yegatta ku Seeta High School Mukono, gye yasomera siniya eyokuna ne yomukaaga.Yegatta ku Sikkim Manipal University gye yafunira Ddiguli mu bya tekinologiya. == Omulimu == Olugendo lwe olw'okuzannya n'okukola firimu lwatandika ng'akyali mu myaka gya buvubuka.Yalondebwa okuweereza  pulogulaamu ya wiikendi K-Files ku WBS TV.Yazannya mu The hostel ,film ya Uganda nga yakolebwa Sabiiti "MMC" Moses ne Emmanuel "BUUBA"Egwel nga ekwata ku bulamu bw'abayizi ba Yunivasite mu bisulo byabwe.Yazannya mu mu Kyaddala, omuzannyo gwa pan-Africa eyakolebwa Emmanuel Ikubese ku lwa Emmanuel Ikubese Films ne Reach a Hand Uganda, ng’azannya nga Bursar Family (Hashtag Family) TV series nga Jackie Mpanga, Beneath The Lies omuzannyo gwa ttivvi ogw’ebyama ogwakolebwa Nana Kagga Macpherson nga Nancy, Watch Over Me nga Lynnet. Bed of Thorns (#Tosirika)  firimu yabakyala  oyakolebwa era n’ekukulemberwa ye, nga yakolebwa ku Nabwiso Films. == Awaadi n'okulondebwa == Yawangula ekirabo ky’Omuzannyi Omukyala Asinga mu filimu  za TV mu mpaka za Uganda Film Festival Awaadi 2019 Yafumbirwa omuzannyi wa firimu era omuyimbi [[:en:Matthew_Nabwiso|Matthew Nabwiso]] era balina abaana bana.<ref>Eleanor Nabwiso</ref><ref>Eleanor Nabwiso</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references responsive="1"></references> dqt6hl1opgyaktrrw4j50oaszf8rgw2 75812 75811 2026-10-01T06:51:25Z Berniter 10779 /* Awaadi n'okulondebwa */ 75812 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Eleanor Vaal Nansibo Nabwiso'''<ref>Eleanor Nabwiso</ref>(yazaalibwa 24 Ogwokubiri 1989) [[:en:Uganda|munayuganda]] omuzannyi wa firimu, mukozi wa  firimu,mutereeza wa firimu era muntu amanyiddwa ennyo ku ttivvi.Amanyiddwa nnyo olw’emirimu gye yakola nga director mu The Hostel, Rain, Beneath the Lies – Series, ne Bed of Thorns.”Alina kampuni ekola firimu eyitibwa Nabwiso Films gye yatandikawo wamu n’omwami we Matthew Nabwiso. [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Eddiini mu Buganda]] == Obuvo nobulamu bwe == Nabwiso yazaalibwa mu ddwaaliro lya Sir Albert Cook Mengo, eri Rev. Dr. Kefa Sempangi, Munabyabufuzi eyamumula ne Jane Frances Nakamya.Nabwiso ye mwana ow'okusatu ku baana abataano. Kitaawe ye yatandikawo Ekkanisa ya Presbyterian mu Uganda.Yali muntu wa mugaso nnyo mu buweereza bw’okuyamba abaana ababeera ku nguudo mu Uganda 1971, wansi w’omukago gwa The Africa Foundation. == Okusoma kwe == Nabwiso yamaliriza emisomo gye egya pulayimale ku ssomero lya Namagunga Girls' Primary School.Oluvannyuma, Yegatta ku Seeta High School Mukono, gye yasomera siniya eyokuna ne yomukaaga.Yegatta ku Sikkim Manipal University gye yafunira Ddiguli mu bya tekinologiya. == Omulimu == Olugendo lwe olw'okuzannya n'okukola firimu lwatandika ng'akyali mu myaka gya buvubuka.Yalondebwa okuweereza  pulogulaamu ya wiikendi K-Files ku WBS TV.Yazannya mu The hostel ,film ya Uganda nga yakolebwa Sabiiti "MMC" Moses ne Emmanuel "BUUBA"Egwel nga ekwata ku bulamu bw'abayizi ba Yunivasite mu bisulo byabwe.Yazannya mu mu Kyaddala, omuzannyo gwa pan-Africa eyakolebwa Emmanuel Ikubese ku lwa Emmanuel Ikubese Films ne Reach a Hand Uganda, ng’azannya nga Bursar Family (Hashtag Family) TV series nga Jackie Mpanga, Beneath The Lies omuzannyo gwa ttivvi ogw’ebyama ogwakolebwa Nana Kagga Macpherson nga Nancy, Watch Over Me nga Lynnet. Bed of Thorns (#Tosirika)  firimu yabakyala  oyakolebwa era n’ekukulemberwa ye, nga yakolebwa ku Nabwiso Films. == Awaadi n'okulondebwa == Yawangula ekirabo ky’Omuzannyi Omukyala Asinga mu filimu  za TV mu mpaka za Uganda Film Festival Awaadi 2019. Yafumbirwa omuzannyi wa firimu era omuyimbi [[:en:Matthew_Nabwiso|Matthew Nabwiso]] era balina abaana bana.<ref>Eleanor Nabwiso</ref><ref>Eleanor Nabwiso</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references responsive="1"></references> 49fvdruuxzz6zesqputr3d29nsr48pz 75813 75812 2026-10-01T06:51:39Z Berniter 10779 /* Awaadi n'okulondebwa */ 75813 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Eleanor Vaal Nansibo Nabwiso'''<ref>Eleanor Nabwiso</ref>(yazaalibwa 24 Ogwokubiri 1989) [[:en:Uganda|munayuganda]] omuzannyi wa firimu, mukozi wa  firimu,mutereeza wa firimu era muntu amanyiddwa ennyo ku ttivvi.Amanyiddwa nnyo olw’emirimu gye yakola nga director mu The Hostel, Rain, Beneath the Lies – Series, ne Bed of Thorns.”Alina kampuni ekola firimu eyitibwa Nabwiso Films gye yatandikawo wamu n’omwami we Matthew Nabwiso. [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Eddiini mu Buganda]] == Obuvo nobulamu bwe == Nabwiso yazaalibwa mu ddwaaliro lya Sir Albert Cook Mengo, eri Rev. Dr. Kefa Sempangi, Munabyabufuzi eyamumula ne Jane Frances Nakamya.Nabwiso ye mwana ow'okusatu ku baana abataano. Kitaawe ye yatandikawo Ekkanisa ya Presbyterian mu Uganda.Yali muntu wa mugaso nnyo mu buweereza bw’okuyamba abaana ababeera ku nguudo mu Uganda 1971, wansi w’omukago gwa The Africa Foundation. == Okusoma kwe == Nabwiso yamaliriza emisomo gye egya pulayimale ku ssomero lya Namagunga Girls' Primary School.Oluvannyuma, Yegatta ku Seeta High School Mukono, gye yasomera siniya eyokuna ne yomukaaga.Yegatta ku Sikkim Manipal University gye yafunira Ddiguli mu bya tekinologiya. == Omulimu == Olugendo lwe olw'okuzannya n'okukola firimu lwatandika ng'akyali mu myaka gya buvubuka.Yalondebwa okuweereza  pulogulaamu ya wiikendi K-Files ku WBS TV.Yazannya mu The hostel ,film ya Uganda nga yakolebwa Sabiiti "MMC" Moses ne Emmanuel "BUUBA"Egwel nga ekwata ku bulamu bw'abayizi ba Yunivasite mu bisulo byabwe.Yazannya mu mu Kyaddala, omuzannyo gwa pan-Africa eyakolebwa Emmanuel Ikubese ku lwa Emmanuel Ikubese Films ne Reach a Hand Uganda, ng’azannya nga Bursar Family (Hashtag Family) TV series nga Jackie Mpanga, Beneath The Lies omuzannyo gwa ttivvi ogw’ebyama ogwakolebwa Nana Kagga Macpherson nga Nancy, Watch Over Me nga Lynnet. Bed of Thorns (#Tosirika)  firimu yabakyala  oyakolebwa era n’ekukulemberwa ye, nga yakolebwa ku Nabwiso Films. == Awaadi n'okulondebwa == Yawangula ekirabo ky’Omuzannyi Omukyala Asinga mu filimu  za TV mu mpaka za Uganda Film Festival Awaadi 2019. == Ebijuliziddwa == <references responsive="1"></references> a96qxz8yooz6jo9qnibr7yv3twy5x88 75823 75813 2026-10-01T09:11:50Z Berniter 10779 /* Awaadi n'okulondebwa */ 75823 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Eleanor Vaal Nansibo Nabwiso'''<ref>Eleanor Nabwiso</ref>(yazaalibwa 24 Ogwokubiri 1989) [[:en:Uganda|munayuganda]] omuzannyi wa firimu, mukozi wa  firimu,mutereeza wa firimu era muntu amanyiddwa ennyo ku ttivvi.Amanyiddwa nnyo olw’emirimu gye yakola nga director mu The Hostel, Rain, Beneath the Lies – Series, ne Bed of Thorns.”Alina kampuni ekola firimu eyitibwa Nabwiso Films gye yatandikawo wamu n’omwami we Matthew Nabwiso. [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Eddiini mu Buganda]] == Obuvo nobulamu bwe == Nabwiso yazaalibwa mu ddwaaliro lya Sir Albert Cook Mengo, eri Rev. Dr. Kefa Sempangi, Munabyabufuzi eyamumula ne Jane Frances Nakamya.Nabwiso ye mwana ow'okusatu ku baana abataano. Kitaawe ye yatandikawo Ekkanisa ya Presbyterian mu Uganda.Yali muntu wa mugaso nnyo mu buweereza bw’okuyamba abaana ababeera ku nguudo mu Uganda 1971, wansi w’omukago gwa The Africa Foundation. == Okusoma kwe == Nabwiso yamaliriza emisomo gye egya pulayimale ku ssomero lya Namagunga Girls' Primary School.Oluvannyuma, Yegatta ku Seeta High School Mukono, gye yasomera siniya eyokuna ne yomukaaga.Yegatta ku Sikkim Manipal University gye yafunira Ddiguli mu bya tekinologiya. == Omulimu == Olugendo lwe olw'okuzannya n'okukola firimu lwatandika ng'akyali mu myaka gya buvubuka.Yalondebwa okuweereza  pulogulaamu ya wiikendi K-Files ku WBS TV.Yazannya mu The hostel ,film ya Uganda nga yakolebwa Sabiiti "MMC" Moses ne Emmanuel "BUUBA"Egwel nga ekwata ku bulamu bw'abayizi ba Yunivasite mu bisulo byabwe.Yazannya mu mu Kyaddala, omuzannyo gwa pan-Africa eyakolebwa Emmanuel Ikubese ku lwa Emmanuel Ikubese Films ne Reach a Hand Uganda, ng’azannya nga Bursar Family (Hashtag Family) TV series nga Jackie Mpanga, Beneath The Lies omuzannyo gwa ttivvi ogw’ebyama ogwakolebwa Nana Kagga Macpherson nga Nancy, Watch Over Me nga Lynnet. Bed of Thorns (#Tosirika)  firimu yabakyala  oyakolebwa era n’ekukulemberwa ye, nga yakolebwa ku Nabwiso Films. == Awaadi n'okulondebwa == Yawangula ekirabo ky’Omuzannyi Omukyala Asinga mu filimu  za TV mu mpaka za Uganda Film Festival Awaadi 2019.Era yalondebwa n'awangula ekirabo kya London Arthouse Film Festival Awaadi, Africa Focus Awaadi eya ilimu etali ya butundutundu  , byombi ku firimu ya Bed of Thorns. == Ebijuliziddwa == <references responsive="1"></references> f42iq3i61z2636m9vld16is2xk95r29 75824 75823 2026-10-01T09:13:30Z Berniter 10779 /* Awaadi n'okulondebwa */ 75824 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Eleanor Vaal Nansibo Nabwiso'''<ref>Eleanor Nabwiso</ref>(yazaalibwa 24 Ogwokubiri 1989) [[:en:Uganda|munayuganda]] omuzannyi wa firimu, mukozi wa  firimu,mutereeza wa firimu era muntu amanyiddwa ennyo ku ttivvi.Amanyiddwa nnyo olw’emirimu gye yakola nga director mu The Hostel, Rain, Beneath the Lies – Series, ne Bed of Thorns.”Alina kampuni ekola firimu eyitibwa Nabwiso Films gye yatandikawo wamu n’omwami we Matthew Nabwiso. [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Eddiini mu Buganda]] == Obuvo nobulamu bwe == Nabwiso yazaalibwa mu ddwaaliro lya Sir Albert Cook Mengo, eri Rev. Dr. Kefa Sempangi, Munabyabufuzi eyamumula ne Jane Frances Nakamya.Nabwiso ye mwana ow'okusatu ku baana abataano. Kitaawe ye yatandikawo Ekkanisa ya Presbyterian mu Uganda.Yali muntu wa mugaso nnyo mu buweereza bw’okuyamba abaana ababeera ku nguudo mu Uganda 1971, wansi w’omukago gwa The Africa Foundation. == Okusoma kwe == Nabwiso yamaliriza emisomo gye egya pulayimale ku ssomero lya Namagunga Girls' Primary School.Oluvannyuma, Yegatta ku Seeta High School Mukono, gye yasomera siniya eyokuna ne yomukaaga.Yegatta ku Sikkim Manipal University gye yafunira Ddiguli mu bya tekinologiya. == Omulimu == Olugendo lwe olw'okuzannya n'okukola firimu lwatandika ng'akyali mu myaka gya buvubuka.Yalondebwa okuweereza  pulogulaamu ya wiikendi K-Files ku WBS TV.Yazannya mu The hostel ,film ya Uganda nga yakolebwa Sabiiti "MMC" Moses ne Emmanuel "BUUBA"Egwel nga ekwata ku bulamu bw'abayizi ba Yunivasite mu bisulo byabwe.Yazannya mu mu Kyaddala, omuzannyo gwa pan-Africa eyakolebwa Emmanuel Ikubese ku lwa Emmanuel Ikubese Films ne Reach a Hand Uganda, ng’azannya nga Bursar Family (Hashtag Family) TV series nga Jackie Mpanga, Beneath The Lies omuzannyo gwa ttivvi ogw’ebyama ogwakolebwa Nana Kagga Macpherson nga Nancy, Watch Over Me nga Lynnet. Bed of Thorns (#Tosirika)  firimu yabakyala  oyakolebwa era n’ekukulemberwa ye, nga yakolebwa ku Nabwiso Films. == Awaadi n'okulondebwa == Yawangula ekirabo ky’Omuzannyi Omukyala Asinga mu filimu  za TV mu mpaka za Uganda Film Festival Awaadi 2019.Era yalondebwa n'awangula ekirabo kya London Arthouse Film Festival Awaadi, Africa Focus Awaadi eya ilimu etali ya butundutundu  , byombi ku firimu ya Bed of Thorns. == Obulamu bwe Obwomunda == == Ebijuliziddwa == <references responsive="1"></references> oly4oskl2wqj2epg9jytkomt31jepkl 75826 75824 2026-10-01T09:22:50Z Berniter 10779 /* Obulamu bwe Obwomunda */ 75826 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Eleanor Vaal Nansibo Nabwiso'''<ref>Eleanor Nabwiso</ref>(yazaalibwa 24 Ogwokubiri 1989) [[:en:Uganda|munayuganda]] omuzannyi wa firimu, mukozi wa  firimu,mutereeza wa firimu era muntu amanyiddwa ennyo ku ttivvi.Amanyiddwa nnyo olw’emirimu gye yakola nga director mu The Hostel, Rain, Beneath the Lies – Series, ne Bed of Thorns.”Alina kampuni ekola firimu eyitibwa Nabwiso Films gye yatandikawo wamu n’omwami we Matthew Nabwiso. [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Eddiini mu Buganda]] == Obuvo nobulamu bwe == Nabwiso yazaalibwa mu ddwaaliro lya Sir Albert Cook Mengo, eri Rev. Dr. Kefa Sempangi, Munabyabufuzi eyamumula ne Jane Frances Nakamya.Nabwiso ye mwana ow'okusatu ku baana abataano. Kitaawe ye yatandikawo Ekkanisa ya Presbyterian mu Uganda.Yali muntu wa mugaso nnyo mu buweereza bw’okuyamba abaana ababeera ku nguudo mu Uganda 1971, wansi w’omukago gwa The Africa Foundation. == Okusoma kwe == Nabwiso yamaliriza emisomo gye egya pulayimale ku ssomero lya Namagunga Girls' Primary School.Oluvannyuma, Yegatta ku Seeta High School Mukono, gye yasomera siniya eyokuna ne yomukaaga.Yegatta ku Sikkim Manipal University gye yafunira Ddiguli mu bya tekinologiya. == Omulimu == Olugendo lwe olw'okuzannya n'okukola firimu lwatandika ng'akyali mu myaka gya buvubuka.Yalondebwa okuweereza  pulogulaamu ya wiikendi K-Files ku WBS TV.Yazannya mu The hostel ,film ya Uganda nga yakolebwa Sabiiti "MMC" Moses ne Emmanuel "BUUBA"Egwel nga ekwata ku bulamu bw'abayizi ba Yunivasite mu bisulo byabwe.Yazannya mu mu Kyaddala, omuzannyo gwa pan-Africa eyakolebwa Emmanuel Ikubese ku lwa Emmanuel Ikubese Films ne Reach a Hand Uganda, ng’azannya nga Bursar Family (Hashtag Family) TV series nga Jackie Mpanga, Beneath The Lies omuzannyo gwa ttivvi ogw’ebyama ogwakolebwa Nana Kagga Macpherson nga Nancy, Watch Over Me nga Lynnet. Bed of Thorns (#Tosirika)  firimu yabakyala  oyakolebwa era n’ekukulemberwa ye, nga yakolebwa ku Nabwiso Films. == Awaadi n'okulondebwa == Yawangula ekirabo ky’Omuzannyi Omukyala Asinga mu filimu  za TV mu mpaka za Uganda Film Festival Awaadi 2019.Era yalondebwa n'awangula ekirabo kya London Arthouse Film Festival Awaadi, Africa Focus Awaadi eya ilimu etali ya butundutundu  , byombi ku firimu ya Bed of Thorns. == Obulamu bwe Obwomunda == Mufumbo eri Matthew Nabwiso nga   muzannyi wa firimu era muyimbi  nga  balina abaana bana. == Ebijuliziddwa == <references responsive="1"></references> ahdt36l0zhjdr7khjcyub4ofkw1wnz9 0 8185 75713 37638 2026-09-30T18:25:50Z Wiki.lukron 11854 Converted link 75713 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" |+ class="infobox-title fn org" id="4" |WOUGNET | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div>Women of Uganda Network</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" |[[File:WOUGNET_logo.png|frameless]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Mu bumpiimpi | class="infobox-data nickname" |WOUGNET |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Yatandikibwa | class="infobox-data note" |May 2000 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Omutandisi | class="infobox-data" |Dorothy Okello |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Gyebagitandikira | class="infobox-data" |Kampala, Central Region |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Omugaso | class="infobox-data" |To develop the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) among women as tools to share information and address issues collectively. |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Ekitebe kyayo | class="infobox-data" |Kampala, Uganda |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Gyesingaanibwa | class="infobox-data label" |<div class="plainlist"> * <span class="country-name">Uganda</span> </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Ekitundu | class="infobox-data" |East Africa |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Ba memba | class="infobox-data" |30 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Senkulu | class="infobox-data" |Sandra Aceng |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Akakiiko olw'okuntiiko | class="infobox-data" |Angela Nakafeero<br /><br />Peace Musiimenta<br /><br />Ednah Karamagi<br /><br />Julie Agum<br /><br />James Oriekot<br /><br />Fridah Mutesi<br /><br />Shubey Nantege Luzinda |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Banamikago | class="infobox-data" |Warm Hearts Foundation (WHF)<br /><br />Katosi Women Development Trust (KWDT)<br /><br />Ntulume Village Women Development Association (NVIWODA)<br /><br />Uganda Women Entrepreneurs Association (UWEAL)<br /><br />Comfort Community Empowerment Network (COCENET)<br /><br />Local Sustainable Communities Organizations (LOSCO)<br /><br />St Bruno Doll Making Group<br /><br />Hope Case Foundation (HCF)<be>Kigezi Women in Development (KWID)<br /><br />Tusubira Women's Group (TUWOGRO)<br /><br />Reach out Wives of Soldiers’ Association (ROWOSA)<br /><br />Uganda Muslim Women Vision (UMWV)<br /><br />Grassroots Women's Association for Development (GWAD)<br /><br />Disabled Women in Development (DIWODE)<br /><br />Karma Rural Women's Development Organization (KRUWODO)<br /><br />Community action for sustainable livelihood (CASUL)<br /><br />Slum Aid Project (SAP)<br /><br />Ibanda Women's Guild (IWOGU)<br /><br />Gabula Atudde Women Group (GABULA ATUDDE) |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Abakozi | class="infobox-data" |18 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Ekibanja | class="infobox-data" |https://wougnet.org/ |} '''Women of Uganda Network''' ('''WOUGNET''') [[:en:Non-governmental_organization|kitongole ky'obwa nakyewa ekisinganibwa mu Uganda]] ekyatandikibwawo okuyamba abakyala n'ebitongole byabwe mu [[:en:Information_and_communication_technologies|nkozesa y'obubaka n'ebyepuliziganya bwa tekinologiya]] nga engeri y'okugabana obubaka n'okugonjoola ensonga mu butuufu bwabyo.<ref>{{Cite web}}https://web.archive.org/web/20220924112345/https://www.womenconnect.org/web/uganda/mentors/-/asset_publisher/4KhjxQB8GffJ/content/women-of-uganda-network-wougnet-</ref> WOUGNET memba wa [[:en:Association_for_Progressive_Communications|Association for Progressive Communications]] (APC) okuva mu 2005 omwezi ogusooka 2005,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web}}https://www.apc.org/en/member/women-uganda-network-wougnet-1</ref> Abawala sibagole okuva nga 25 ogw'okusatu mu 2012,<ref>{{Cite web}}https://www.girlsnotbrides.org/our-partnership/member-directory/women-of-uganda-network-wougnet/</ref> The Global Network Initiative (GNI) okuva mu 2019<ref>{{Cite web}}https://globalnetworkinitiative.org/participants/wougnet/</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web}}https://web.archive.org/web/20220924112348/https://globalnetworkinitiative.org/wougnet-joins-gni/</ref> ne Digital Human Rights Lab okuva 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |title=WOUGNET |url=https://digitalhumanrightslab.org/community/wougnet/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924112344/https://digitalhumanrightslab.org/community/wougnet/ |archive-date=2022-09-24 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Digital Human Rights Lab |language=en}}</ref> Eyali akikulira yali [[:en:Dorothy_Okello|Dorothy Okello]].<ref>{{Cite web}}https://web.archive.org/web/20220924112348/https://www.gfar.net/organizations/women-uganda-network</ref> Senkulu wa WOUGNET's omugya okuva mu mwezi gw'ekumi 2020 okutuusa kati ye Peace Oliver Amuge.<ref>{{Cite web}}https://web.archive.org/web/20220924112348/https://www.gfar.net/organizations/women-uganda-network</ref> == Ebyafaayo == WOUGNET yatandikibwawo ekitongol ky'abakyala okuva mu [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] mu 2000 omwezi ogw'okutaano .<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal}}https://web.archive.org/web/20220403082129/https://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/57503</ref> Olukalala lwayo lukuumibwa [[:en:Kabissa|Kabissa]]. Ekirubirirwa kyabwe WOUGNET " kyakutumbuula enkozesa [[:en:Information_and_communication_technologies|yabubaka ne tekinologiya y'eby'epuliziganya]] eri abakazi n'abawala okubayamba ku mwenkanonkano n'eby'enkulakulana.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://womenintheworld.org/solutions/entry/women-of-uganda-network-wougnet/ |access-date=2022-09-24 |archive-date=2021-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227064623/https://womenintheworld.org/solutions/entry/women-of-uganda-network-wougnet/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ekigendererwa kyakwongera ku mbeera y'obulamu y'abakyala abanayuganda, nga boongera ku busobozi n'emikisa olw'enkyuka kyuka, enkwatagana n'okugabana obubaka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://womenintheworld.org/solutions/entry/women-of-uganda-network-wougnet/ |access-date=2022-09-24 |archive-date=2021-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227064623/https://womenintheworld.org/solutions/entry/women-of-uganda-network-wougnet/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ekirubirirwa kya WOUGNET kyakuzingiramu ebitundu abakazi n'abawala kibasobozese okukozesa ebyatekinologiya kibayambe munkulakulana. Emirimu gya WOUGNET bagikolera mu pulogulaamu satu: okugabana obubaka n'enkwatagana, okubakwatirako mu by'ekikugu, ekikula ky'abantu n'okulwanirira ebya tekinologiya. Mu pulogulaamu zino, ekitongole kisuubira okukola n'obuteebalira kunkozesa ya tekinologiya mu Uganda, munyiriri y'ekirubirirwa ky'omusingi <nowiki>''</nowiki>ky'amagezi enkulakulana ya Uganda n'obukulmebezze nga bwongezebwa sipiidi mukaseera mpaawo kaagaga okubayamba okufuna obubaka n'okukozesa tekinologiya".<ref name=":3" /> Ekitongole kikolera mu bibuga ne mu byalo okuyita mu Uganda yonna. Yafeesi za WOUGNET zisingaanibwa mu bukiika kono ne mu buvanajuba bwa Uganda mu Kubere Information Centre (KIC Apac) ne Tororo Information Centre. KIC Apac yatandikibwawo mu 2005 n'obuyambi okuva mu Centre for Technical Assistance of Netherlands plan n'ekirubirira eky'okubeera n'ekifo ky'obubaka obw'enjawulo nga kiwa obuyamba munkulakulana, ng'esira baliteeka ku by'obulimu, n'obubaka obukulakulanya ekibuga..<ref>{{Cite web}}https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/farming/apac-women-learn-farming-techniques-1482474?view=htmlamp</ref><ref>{{Cite web}}https://web.archive.org/web/20220810133629/https://webfoundation.org/about/funding-partners/wougnet/</ref><ref name=":2" /> WOUGNET meemba wa ICT4 Democracy (ICT4D) network and Women's Rights Online (WRO) network ekidukanyizibwa World Wide Web Foundation'''.'''<ref>{{Cite web}}https://web.archive.org/web/20220924112347/https://www.missingperspectives.com/home/wougnet</ref> == Ebikozesebwa == WOUGNET esira basinga kuliteeka mu kukozesa y'obusimu bw'omungalo, meyiro n'ekibanja ky'okumutimbagano, nga ky'agala nnyo eby'enkozesa by'engeri enkadde okuli, [[:en:Radio|leediyo]], [[:en:Video|vidiyo]] [[:en:Printing|n'okukuba mu kyapa]] okulaba nga bituuka ku bantu abali ewala mu ngeri ey'enjawulo. Mu kwongerako, ekitongole kikozesa ebintu nga ttivi, meyiro emikutu gimukwanira wala n'ekyapa ne yintaneeti okusobozesa abantu okugabana obubaka n'eby'empuliziganya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.missingperspectives.com/home/wougnet |access-date=2022-09-24 |archive-date=2022-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924112347/https://www.missingperspectives.com/home/wougnet |url-status=dead }}</ref>Okusaba enyiriri za meyiro ku WOUGNET, okuva ku bantu okwetoloola ensi kikuze okuva ku 50 mu mwaka gwa 2000 paka ku 1,292 (kweyongedde munkalala biri, WOUGNET mailing list ne WOUGNET update newsletter) mu 2006 mu mwezi ogw'ekuminebiri. WOUGNET yenyigira mu: (1) kuwa obubaka ku mikutu egy'enjawulo okusobozesa eby'enfulumya, (2) okuyamba abantu okwanguya okufuna obubaka, okukozesa tekinologiya, (3) okuyamba okuteeka munkola eby'ekikula ky'abantu ku bya pulogulaamu za tekinologiya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.missingperspectives.com/home/wougnet |access-date=2022-09-24 |archive-date=2022-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924112347/https://www.missingperspectives.com/home/wougnet |url-status=dead }}</ref> WOUGNET edukanyizibwa eby'enkizo bina okusobozesa;<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.missingperspectives.com/home/wougnet |access-date=2022-09-24 |archive-date=2022-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924112347/https://www.missingperspectives.com/home/wougnet |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Ekikula ky'abantu n'eddembe litekebwa mu pulogulaamu za gavumeenti ezifuga ebya tekinologiya. * Abakazi n'abawala bafuna obubaka mu kibuga ne mubyaalo nga bayita mu kukozesa tekinologiya. * Ebitundu bifuna amaanyi olw'okukozesa tekinologita n'okusaba eddembe ly'emikutu. * Okubeera ekitongole eky'amaanyi, WOUGNET ekiwulikika, n'okubeera n'omusingi gw'ekikula ky'abantu n'enkulakulana ya tekinologiya mu Afrika. == Pulojekiti == Pulojekiti za WOUGNET ezaaliwo, ezirwo kuliko:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.missingperspectives.com/home/wougnet |access-date=2022-09-24 |archive-date=2022-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924112347/https://www.missingperspectives.com/home/wougnet |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Civil Society in Uganda Digital Support Programme (CUSDS) supported by the Women Peace and Humanitarian Fund which responded to COVID-19 emergency in Uganda by strengthening the institutional digital capacity of her 23 member organisations in 2020 to remain resilient during a situation where COVID-19 erected roadblocks and restrictions on movement of staff. * Women's Rights Online Media Campaigns in Uganda supported by Association for Progressive Communications (APC) in 2020 under All Women Count Project. * Enhancing Women's Rights Online through Inclusive and effective response to online gender-based violence in Uganda. supported by Digital Human Rights Lab in 2021. * Our Voices, Our Futures (OVOF) funded by Association for Progressive Communications (APC) from 2021 to 2025. * Saving Women's Journalists from Online harassment in Uganda by Improving Legislation on Freedom of Expression in the Digital Spaces and Tackling Online harassment (SWIFT) supported by Urgent Action Funds in 2021. * Promoting Smart Policy Options in Closing Gender Digital Divide in Uganda, in partnership with CfMA supported by World Wide Web Foundation in 2020–2021. * Strengthening Uganda's Rights to Freedom of Expression through Policy Advocacy and Media (SURFACE) supported by International Centre for Not-for-Profit Law (ICNL) in 2021. * Marker-Assisted Breeding of selected Native Chickens in Mozambique and Uganda in partnership with Eduardo Mondlane Mozambique, Makerere University, Gulu University and International Rural Poultry Centre- Kyeema Foundation (Mozambique) supported by African Union from 2019 to 2022. * Strengthening use of ICTs and social media for Citizen Engagement and improved Service Delivery supported by SIDA in Eastern and Indigo Trust UK in Northern Uganda. * Strengthening use of ICTs and Social media for citizen engagement and improved service delivery, funded by Indigo Trust UK. * Increasing women's decision making and influence in Internet Governance and ICT policy for the realization of women's rights in Africa, implemented with WomensNet in Uganda and South Africa and supported by UN Women Fund for Gender Equality. == Obwa memba == WOUGNET egata ebitongole ebirwanirira eddembe ly'abakyala ebitaliiko bwa memba. Ekitongole kikuziza obwa memba bwakyo okuva wekyagongyebwawo. Ba memba ba WOUGNET kuliko: * Warm Hearts Foundation (WHF) * Katosi Women Development Trust (KWDT) * Ntulume Village Women Development Association (NVIWODA) * Uganda Women Entrepreneurs Association (UWEAL) * Comfort Community Empowerment Network (COCENET) * Local Sustainable Communities Organizations (LOSCO) * St Bruno Doll Making Group * Hope Case Foundation (HCF) * Kigezi Women in Development (KWID) * Tusubira Women's Group (TUWOGRO) * Reach out Wives of Soldiers’ Association (ROWOSA) * Uganda Muslim Women Vision (UMWV) * Grassroots Women's Association for Development (GWAD) * Disabled Women in Development (DIWODE) * Karma Rural Women's Development Organization (KRUWODO) * Community action for sustainable livelihood (CASUL) * Slum Aid Project (SAP) * Ibanda Women's Guild (IWOGU) * Gabula Atudde Women Group (GABULA ATUDDE) == Laba == * [[:en:Association_for_Progressive_Communications|Association for Progressive Communications]] * [[:en:Global_Network_Initiative|Global Network Initiative]] * [[:en:Dorothy_Okello|Dorothy Okello]] d8ukfchmjd6l1ghy7xyewskpoq4x33a 0 8191 75705 70635 2026-09-30T12:45:45Z P.Kay256 11926 Converted references 75705 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fortunate Nantongo''' yazaalibwa mu 1996 nga [[:en:Lawyer|munamateeka]], [[:en:Politician|munabyabufuzi]] [[:en:Uganda|Omunayuganda]] era atuula ku [[:en:Legislator|kakiiko akakola amateeka]]. Y'akiikirira abantu ba [[:en:Kyotera_District|Disitulikiti ya Kyotera]] nga Omubaka omukyala owa Paalamenti, mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]]. Yawangula eky'omubaka ng'ali ku tikiti Democratic Party (DP).<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Independent |date=2021-01-18 |title=DP pleased with performance in parliamentary elections |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/dp-pleased-with-performance-in-parliamentary-elections/ |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=The Independent Uganda: |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Nantongo Fortunate Rose - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/nantongo-fortunate-rose-10472/ |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>https://chimpreports.com/dp-celebrates-getting-9-mps-in-last-weeks-polls/</ref> Ye Minisita Ow'ekisikirize avunaanyizibwa ku by'ekikula ky'abantu, emirimu wamu n'enkulakulanya y'ebitundu ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti.<ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/shadow-cabinet-niwagaba-nyeko-and-bwanika-picked/</ref><ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/parliament-confirms-shadow-cabinet/</ref><ref>https://www.galaxyfm.co.ug/2021/07/14/parliament-approves-shadow-cabinet/</ref> == Obulamu bwe n'okusoma kwe == Nantongo yatandika okusoma pulayimale ku Bright grammar primary school erisinganibwa e [[:en:Masaka|Masaka]], oluvannyuma n'agenda ku Mt. St Mary's college Namagunga gyeyatuulira S4, gyeyava okugenda ku St. Mary's Kitende gyeyamalira S6.<ref name=":0" /><ref>http://stmaryskitende.com/2021/01/18/big-wins-for-kitende-in-2021-elections/</ref> Oluvannyuma yeeyongerayo okusoma Diguli mu By'amateeka okuva [[:en:Uganda_Christian_University|Uganda Christian University]] gyeyatikirwa mu 2018 kweyayongereza ne Dipulooma mu by'okwenyigira mu ateeka okuva kutendekero lya [[:en:Law_Development_Centre|law development center]] in 2019.<ref name=":0"/> Maama wa Nantongo Robinah Nakasirye Ssentongo, eyasooka okubeeta Omubaka Omukyala owa Disitulikiti ye Kyotera bweyafa nga tewali akisuubira mu masekati g'okukuba kakuyege mu Gwekumineebiri nga 18 2020, olwa COVID-19, Nantongo yalondebwa aba DP okumudira mu bigere.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=BATTE |first=BAKER |date=2021-04-06 |title=In just 10 days, Kyotera’s Rose Nantongo buried her mother, father and aunt |url=https://observer.ug/news/in-just-10-days-kyotera-s-rose-nantongo-buried-her-mother-father-and-aunt/ |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=The Observer Media Ltd |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/kyotera-nrm-cadres-support-dps-nantongo-for-district-woman-mp/</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://witness.co.ug/how-fortune-nantongo-got-the-dp-flag-for-kyotera/ |access-date=2022-09-24 |archive-date=2022-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924142704/https://witness.co.ug/how-fortune-nantongo-got-the-dp-flag-for-kyotera/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ntv.co.ug/ug/news/sparktv-news/abogobereze-b-eby-obufuzi-balabudde-ebibiina-ku-okusikiza-bannabyafuzi-3235948 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-24 |archive-date=2022-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924135700/https://www.ntv.co.ug/ug/news/sparktv-news/abogobereze-b-eby-obufuzi-balabudde-ebibiina-ku-okusikiza-bannabyafuzi-3235948 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://redpaperdaily.com/daughter-to-replace-mother-in-kyotera |access-date=2022-09-24 |archive-date=2020-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220074639/http://redpaperdaily.com/daughter-to-replace-mother-in-kyotera |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nantongo, nga ye mwana ow'okubiri okuzaalibwa maama we ne taata we, yafiirwa maama we, kitaawe ne ssenga we mu kabanga ka naku 10.<ref name=":4"/> Kino kyawaliriza abalonzi okumukwatibwa ekisa era nebamulonda okugenda mu Paalamenti.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":5">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/mp-ssentongo-laid-to-rest-as-dp-fronts-daughter-to-take-up-mantle-3234822</ref> == Emirimu gye == Mu kaseera maama we weyafiira, Nantongo yeeyali amuyambako ku by'obufuzi. Yeeyali adukanya n'eby'ensiimbi za maama we, nga yamukolera okunoonyereza ku by'emirimu gya Paalamenti n'okudukanya pulojekiti mu konsitituweensi ku lulwe. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Yalondebwa nga eyali agenda okwesimbawo ku lwa DP enaku bbiri oluvannyuma lwa maama we okuzikibwa, olw'okuba kakuyege w'okunoonya akalulu ka bonna aka 2021 yali asigazaayo obutaweza na mwezi okugwaako.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/><ref name=":3"/><ref name=":5"/> Mu kulonda, yafuna obululu 49,019, nga eyali asinga okumuvuganya Rachel Nakitende eyali owa [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] yafuna obululu 26,137.<ref name=":2"/><ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/kyotera-nrm-cadres-support-dps-nantongo-for-district-woman-mp/</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ELWRS13S4c</ref> Nantongo yawerezaako ku kakiiko akadukanya eby'amateeka n'ensonga za Paalamenti<ref>https://parliamentwatch.ug/committees/committee-on-legal-and-parliamentary-affairs/</ref> wamu n'akavunaanyizibwa ku by'ekikula ky'abantu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://upfsp.org/gender-committee-pledges-to-work-with-the-forum-on-push-for-social-protection-system/ |access-date=2024-03-31 |archive-date=2023-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509231333/https://upfsp.org/gender-committee-pledges-to-work-with-the-forum-on-push-for-social-protection-system/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwaamu == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda]] kh8ze2u8u922t5nydef00k85hodlch0 75706 75705 2026-09-30T12:51:14Z P.Kay256 11926 Converted references 75706 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fortunate Nantongo''' yazaalibwa mu 1996 nga [[:en:Lawyer|munamateeka]], [[:en:Politician|munabyabufuzi]] [[:en:Uganda|Omunayuganda]] era atuula ku [[:en:Legislator|kakiiko akakola amateeka]]. Y'akiikirira abantu ba [[:en:Kyotera_District|Disitulikiti ya Kyotera]] nga Omubaka omukyala owa Paalamenti, mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]]. Yawangula eky'omubaka ng'ali ku tikiti Democratic Party (DP).<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Independent |date=2021-01-18 |title=DP pleased with performance in parliamentary elections |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/dp-pleased-with-performance-in-parliamentary-elections/ |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=The Independent Uganda: |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Nantongo Fortunate Rose - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/nantongo-fortunate-rose-10472/ |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>https://chimpreports.com/dp-celebrates-getting-9-mps-in-last-weeks-polls/</ref> Ye Minisita Ow'ekisikirize avunaanyizibwa ku by'ekikula ky'abantu, emirimu wamu n'enkulakulanya y'ebitundu ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Independent |first=The |date=2021-06-25 |title=SHADOW CABINET: Niwagaba, Nyeko and Bwanika picked |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/shadow-cabinet-niwagaba-nyeko-and-bwanika-picked/ |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=The Independent Uganda: |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Independent |first=The |date=2021-07-14 |title=Parliament confirms Shadow Cabinet |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/parliament-confirms-shadow-cabinet/ |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=The Independent Uganda: |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Achom |first=Pamela |date=2021-07-14 |title=Parliament Approves Shadow Cabinet |url=https://www.galaxyfm.co.ug/2021/07/14/parliament-approves-shadow-cabinet/ |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Galaxy FM 100.2 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe n'okusoma kwe == Nantongo yatandika okusoma pulayimale ku Bright grammar primary school erisinganibwa e [[:en:Masaka|Masaka]], oluvannyuma n'agenda ku Mt. St Mary's college Namagunga gyeyatuulira S4, gyeyava okugenda ku St. Mary's Kitende gyeyamalira S6.<ref name=":0" /><ref>http://stmaryskitende.com/2021/01/18/big-wins-for-kitende-in-2021-elections/</ref> Oluvannyuma yeeyongerayo okusoma Diguli mu By'amateeka okuva [[:en:Uganda_Christian_University|Uganda Christian University]] gyeyatikirwa mu 2018 kweyayongereza ne Dipulooma mu by'okwenyigira mu ateeka okuva kutendekero lya [[:en:Law_Development_Centre|law development center]] in 2019.<ref name=":0"/> Maama wa Nantongo Robinah Nakasirye Ssentongo, eyasooka okubeeta Omubaka Omukyala owa Disitulikiti ye Kyotera bweyafa nga tewali akisuubira mu masekati g'okukuba kakuyege mu Gwekumineebiri nga 18 2020, olwa COVID-19, Nantongo yalondebwa aba DP okumudira mu bigere.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=BATTE |first=BAKER |date=2021-04-06 |title=In just 10 days, Kyotera’s Rose Nantongo buried her mother, father and aunt |url=https://observer.ug/news/in-just-10-days-kyotera-s-rose-nantongo-buried-her-mother-father-and-aunt/ |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=The Observer Media Ltd |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Independent |first=The |date=2021-01-10 |title=Kyotera NRM cadres support DP’s Nantongo for district woman MP |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/kyotera-nrm-cadres-support-dps-nantongo-for-district-woman-mp/ |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=The Independent Uganda: |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://witness.co.ug/how-fortune-nantongo-got-the-dp-flag-for-kyotera/ |access-date=2022-09-24 |archive-date=2022-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924142704/https://witness.co.ug/how-fortune-nantongo-got-the-dp-flag-for-kyotera/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ntv.co.ug/ug/news/sparktv-news/abogobereze-b-eby-obufuzi-balabudde-ebibiina-ku-okusikiza-bannabyafuzi-3235948 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-24 |archive-date=2022-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924135700/https://www.ntv.co.ug/ug/news/sparktv-news/abogobereze-b-eby-obufuzi-balabudde-ebibiina-ku-okusikiza-bannabyafuzi-3235948 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://redpaperdaily.com/daughter-to-replace-mother-in-kyotera |access-date=2022-09-24 |archive-date=2020-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220074639/http://redpaperdaily.com/daughter-to-replace-mother-in-kyotera |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nantongo, nga ye mwana ow'okubiri okuzaalibwa maama we ne taata we, yafiirwa maama we, kitaawe ne ssenga we mu kabanga ka naku 10.<ref name=":4"/> Kino kyawaliriza abalonzi okumukwatibwa ekisa era nebamulonda okugenda mu Paalamenti.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2020-12-20 |title=MP Ssentongo laid to rest as DP fronts daughter to take up mantle |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/mp-ssentongo-laid-to-rest-as-dp-fronts-daughter-to-take-up-mantle-3234822 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Mu kaseera maama we weyafiira, Nantongo yeeyali amuyambako ku by'obufuzi. Yeeyali adukanya n'eby'ensiimbi za maama we, nga yamukolera okunoonyereza ku by'emirimu gya Paalamenti n'okudukanya pulojekiti mu konsitituweensi ku lulwe. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Yalondebwa nga eyali agenda okwesimbawo ku lwa DP enaku bbiri oluvannyuma lwa maama we okuzikibwa, olw'okuba kakuyege w'okunoonya akalulu ka bonna aka 2021 yali asigazaayo obutaweza na mwezi okugwaako.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/><ref name=":3"/><ref name=":5"/> Mu kulonda, yafuna obululu 49,019, nga eyali asinga okumuvuganya Rachel Nakitende eyali owa [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] yafuna obululu 26,137.<ref name=":2"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Independent |first=The |date=2021-01-10 |title=Kyotera NRM cadres support DP’s Nantongo for district woman MP |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/kyotera-nrm-cadres-support-dps-nantongo-for-district-woman-mp/ |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=The Independent Uganda: |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=BBS TEREFAYINA |date=2021-05-18 |title=Wuuno omubaka Rose Fortunate Nantongo eyaddira maama we omugenzi mu bigere |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ELWRS13S4c |access-date=2026-09-30}}</ref> Nantongo yawerezaako ku kakiiko akadukanya eby'amateeka n'ensonga za Paalamenti wamu n'akavunaanyizibwa ku by'ekikula ky'abantu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Committee on Legal and Parliamentary Affairs – Parliament Watch |url=https://parliamentwatch.ug/committees/committee-on-legal-and-parliamentary-affairs/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260116100423/https://parliamentwatch.ug/committees/committee-on-legal-and-parliamentary-affairs/ |archive-date=2026-01-16 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=parliamentwatch.ug |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://upfsp.org/gender-committee-pledges-to-work-with-the-forum-on-push-for-social-protection-system/ |access-date=2024-03-31 |archive-date=2023-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509231333/https://upfsp.org/gender-committee-pledges-to-work-with-the-forum-on-push-for-social-protection-system/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda]] rhb8rdmne1t8xr4fb661f1b3di73kiv 75797 75706 2026-10-01T02:55:08Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75797 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Fortunate Nantongo''' yazaalibwa mu 1996 nga [[:en:Lawyer|munamateeka]], [[:en:Politician|munabyabufuzi]] [[:en:Uganda|Omunayuganda]] era atuula ku [[:en:Legislator|kakiiko akakola amateeka]]. Y'akiikirira abantu ba [[:en:Kyotera_District|Disitulikiti ya Kyotera]] nga Omubaka omukyala owa Paalamenti, mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]]. Yawangula eky'omubaka ng'ali ku tikiti Democratic Party (DP).<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Independent |date=2021-01-18 |title=DP pleased with performance in parliamentary elections |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/dp-pleased-with-performance-in-parliamentary-elections/ |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=The Independent Uganda: |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Nantongo Fortunate Rose - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/nantongo-fortunate-rose-10472/ |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>https://chimpreports.com/dp-celebrates-getting-9-mps-in-last-weeks-polls/</ref> Ye Minisita Ow'ekisikirize avunaanyizibwa ku by'ekikula ky'abantu, emirimu wamu n'enkulakulanya y'ebitundu ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Independent |first=The |date=2021-06-25 |title=SHADOW CABINET: Niwagaba, Nyeko and Bwanika picked |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/shadow-cabinet-niwagaba-nyeko-and-bwanika-picked/ |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=The Independent Uganda: |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Independent |first=The |date=2021-07-14 |title=Parliament confirms Shadow Cabinet |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/parliament-confirms-shadow-cabinet/ |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=The Independent Uganda: |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Achom |first=Pamela |date=2021-07-14 |title=Parliament Approves Shadow Cabinet |url=https://www.galaxyfm.co.ug/2021/07/14/parliament-approves-shadow-cabinet/ |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Galaxy FM 100.2 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe n'okusoma kwe == Nantongo yatandika okusoma pulayimale ku Bright grammar primary school erisinganibwa e [[:en:Masaka|Masaka]], oluvannyuma n'agenda ku Mt. St Mary's college Namagunga gyeyatuulira S4, gyeyava okugenda ku St. Mary's Kitende gyeyamalira S6.<ref name=":0" /><ref>http://stmaryskitende.com/2021/01/18/big-wins-for-kitende-in-2021-elections/</ref> Oluvannyuma yeeyongerayo okusoma Diguli mu By'amateeka okuva [[:en:Uganda_Christian_University|Uganda Christian University]] gyeyatikirwa mu 2018 kweyayongereza ne Dipulooma mu by'okwenyigira mu ateeka okuva kutendekero lya [[:en:Law_Development_Centre|law development center]] in 2019.<ref name=":0"/> Maama wa Nantongo Robinah Nakasirye Ssentongo, eyasooka okubeeta Omubaka Omukyala owa Disitulikiti ye Kyotera bweyafa nga tewali akisuubira mu masekati g'okukuba kakuyege mu Gwekumineebiri nga 18 2020, olwa COVID-19, Nantongo yalondebwa aba DP okumudira mu bigere.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=BATTE |first=BAKER |date=2021-04-06 |title=In just 10 days, Kyotera’s Rose Nantongo buried her mother, father and aunt |url=https://observer.ug/news/in-just-10-days-kyotera-s-rose-nantongo-buried-her-mother-father-and-aunt/ |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=The Observer Media Ltd |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Independent |first=The |date=2021-01-10 |title=Kyotera NRM cadres support DP’s Nantongo for district woman MP |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/kyotera-nrm-cadres-support-dps-nantongo-for-district-woman-mp/ |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=The Independent Uganda: |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://witness.co.ug/how-fortune-nantongo-got-the-dp-flag-for-kyotera/ |access-date=2022-09-24 |archive-date=2022-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924142704/https://witness.co.ug/how-fortune-nantongo-got-the-dp-flag-for-kyotera/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ntv.co.ug/ug/news/sparktv-news/abogobereze-b-eby-obufuzi-balabudde-ebibiina-ku-okusikiza-bannabyafuzi-3235948 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-24 |archive-date=2022-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924135700/https://www.ntv.co.ug/ug/news/sparktv-news/abogobereze-b-eby-obufuzi-balabudde-ebibiina-ku-okusikiza-bannabyafuzi-3235948 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://redpaperdaily.com/daughter-to-replace-mother-in-kyotera |access-date=2022-09-24 |archive-date=2020-12-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220074639/http://redpaperdaily.com/daughter-to-replace-mother-in-kyotera |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nantongo, nga ye mwana ow'okubiri okuzaalibwa maama we ne taata we, yafiirwa maama we, kitaawe ne ssenga we mu kabanga ka naku 10.<ref name=":4"/> Kino kyawaliriza abalonzi okumukwatibwa ekisa era nebamulonda okugenda mu Paalamenti.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2020-12-20 |title=MP Ssentongo laid to rest as DP fronts daughter to take up mantle |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/mp-ssentongo-laid-to-rest-as-dp-fronts-daughter-to-take-up-mantle-3234822 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Mu kaseera maama we weyafiira, Nantongo yeeyali amuyambako ku by'obufuzi. Yeeyali adukanya n'eby'ensiimbi za maama we, nga yamukolera okunoonyereza ku by'emirimu gya Paalamenti n'okudukanya pulojekiti mu konsitituweensi ku lulwe. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2022)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Yalondebwa nga eyali agenda okwesimbawo ku lwa DP enaku bbiri oluvannyuma lwa maama we okuzikibwa, olw'okuba kakuyege w'okunoonya akalulu ka bonna aka 2021 yali asigazaayo obutaweza na mwezi okugwaako.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/><ref name=":3"/><ref name=":5"/> Mu kulonda, yafuna obululu 49,019, nga eyali asinga okumuvuganya Rachel Nakitende eyali owa [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] yafuna obululu 26,137.<ref name=":2"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Independent |first=The |date=2021-01-10 |title=Kyotera NRM cadres support DP’s Nantongo for district woman MP |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/kyotera-nrm-cadres-support-dps-nantongo-for-district-woman-mp/ |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=The Independent Uganda: |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=BBS TEREFAYINA |date=2021-05-18 |title=Wuuno omubaka Rose Fortunate Nantongo eyaddira maama we omugenzi mu bigere |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ELWRS13S4c |access-date=2026-09-30}}</ref> Nantongo yawerezaako ku kakiiko akadukanya eby'amateeka n'ensonga za Paalamenti wamu n'akavunaanyizibwa ku by'ekikula ky'abantu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Committee on Legal and Parliamentary Affairs – Parliament Watch |url=https://parliamentwatch.ug/committees/committee-on-legal-and-parliamentary-affairs/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260116100423/https://parliamentwatch.ug/committees/committee-on-legal-and-parliamentary-affairs/ |archive-date=2026-01-16 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=parliamentwatch.ug |language=en-US |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://upfsp.org/gender-committee-pledges-to-work-with-the-forum-on-push-for-social-protection-system/ |access-date=2024-03-31 |archive-date=2023-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509231333/https://upfsp.org/gender-committee-pledges-to-work-with-the-forum-on-push-for-social-protection-system/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda]] qxbmqr4ui7apli1oejn76ymkvcoybi8 0 8268 75815 75588 2026-10-01T07:40:01Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75815 wikitext text/x-wiki Uganda, ekwata kyakusatu mu nsi ezisinga okuyimba n'okusanyusa abantu mu Afrika yonna. Uganda erimu [[:en:Tribes|amawanga]] 65 agavaamu abantu aboogera ennimi ez'enjawulo,<ref>Uganda Bureau of Statistics (2016), The National Population and Housing Census 2014 – Main Report, Kampala, Uganda</ref> era muno mwe muva ennyimba eziyimbibwa abantu ba nnansangwa.<ref name="facemusicch">{{Cite web |title=Uganda the country and the people - text in English |url=http://www.face-music.ch/inform/poeple_uganda_en.html |access-date=2026-09-26 |website=www.face-music.ch}}</ref> [[Baganda|Abaganda]], ly'eggwanga erisinga okuvaamu abayimbi ab'amaanyi era ab'ettutumu mu Uganda, batunze nnyo obuwangwa bwabwe n'okubuutikira ekisaawe ky'okuyimba mu Uganda mu byasa ebibiri (2) ebisembyeyo. [[File:Fred Masagazi.jpg|thumb|Fred Masagazi]] Ekika ky'ennyimba ekyasooka okututumuka nga kivaamu ne ssente mu Uganda kye kya [[:en:Kadongo_Kamu|Kadongo Kamu]] nga kyava mu nnyimba ya Baganda ey'eŋŋoma Eŋŋanda. Okuva mu myaka gya 1980 okutuuka mu gya 1990, [[:en:Kadongo_Kamu|Kadongo Kamu]] yabuutikirwa nnyo abayimbi nga Peterson Mutebi, Dan Mugula, Sebadduka Toffa, Fred Ssonko, Livingstone Kasozi, Fred Masagazi, Baligidde, Abuman Mukungu, Gerald Mukasa, Sauda Nakakaawa, Matia Luyima, Herman Basudde, ne Paulo Kafeero.<ref name="Kadongo Kamu Musicians">{{Cite web |last=+256752399999 |title=Download Ugandan Music 2020 {{!}} Top Ugandan Artists 2020, Ugandan Music Downloads 2020 {{!}} Free Ugandan MP3, Audio {{!}} Top Artists In Uganda {{!}} Watch Ugandan Movies Free {{!}} Ugandan Songs Mp3 {{!}} Ugandan Videos {{!}} Uganda Music Download Mp3 {{!}} DJ Erycom: Kadongo Kamu - DJErycom.com |url=https://www.djerycom.com/genre?g=kadongo-kamu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201005180445/https://www.djerycom.com/genre?g=kadongo-kamu |archive-date=2020-10-05 |access-date=2026-09-26 |website=djerycom.com |url-status=live}}</ref> ne bakifuula ekika ky'ennyimba ekyasinga okucaaka mu Uganda. Ng'emyaka gya 1980 giggwaako, omugenzi Philly Lutaaya yafulumya olutambi lwe olwa "Born In Africa' oluvannyuma olw'efuga amayengo g'empewo. Lutaaya yayongerako olutambi olulala lwe yatuuma "Merry Christmas" olwaliko ennyimba 8. Olutambi luno lukyali lwa ttutumu okutuusa leero era ennyimba za Philly Lutaaya teziva ku mimwa gya Bannayuganda abaagazi b'ennyimba. Ku ntandikwa y'emyaka gya 1990, ekika ky'ennyimba ekirala kyayingirawo nga kiyitibwa Afro ragga oba kye bayita Ek''idandali'' mu Luganda nga kireetebwa abantu okwali: Rasta Rob, Kid Fox, Ras Khan, Messe, Shanks Vivid, Menton Summer, Ragga Dee, [[:en:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]] ne [[:en:Jose_Chameleone|Jose Chameleone]], [[Bobi Wine]] kw'ossa Steve Jean - ng'oluvannyuma ye yafuuka akola ennyimba z'abalala mu sityudiyo. Mu 1997, Emperor Orlandoh ne Menton Summer be baali ku mumwa gwa Bannayuganda abasinga obungi oluvannyuma lw'okufulumya oluyimba lwabwe lwe baatuuma "Sirikawo Baby" olwacaaka mu Uganda yonna. Mu 1998, Red Banton yajja n'oluyimba lwe olwa "Noonya Money". Yafuuka omuyimbi wa Uganda eyasooka okugenda e Bungereza ng'agendedde ku Visa ya muyimbi (Artist Visa). Olw'okwagala okutuuka ku mutindo ogw'ensi yonna n'enkyukakyuka yaayo, Uganda nga bwe kiri mu mawanga ga Afrika amalala ezze efuna enkyukakyuka mu ngeri gy'ekolamu ennyimba. Kino kivuddeko Bannayuganda bangi okuyimba ng'Abazungu mu bika nga [[:en:Dancehall|Dancehall]] ne [[:en:Hip_Hop|Hip Hop]]. DJ wa Uganda asinze okutambula mu bitundu by'ensi yonna eby'enjawulo era omu ku ba DJ abasinga nga ye DJ, Erycom era amanyiddwa nga Mutebi Erycom, ye Munnayuganda eyasooka okutondawo omukutu ku Youtube era y'omu ku Bannayuganda ababiri abaasooka okusaasaanya ennyimba za Uganda ku mitimbagano. DJ Erycom akozesezza okubeerawo kwa yintaneeti okutumbula okuyimba kwa Uganda n'abayimbi ba Uganda, era olw'ensonga eno, ennyimba za Uganda zituuse ku buli nsonda y'ensi yonna awatuuka emitimbagano. Abayimbi mu Uganda abawerako beegasse ku kibiina ekirwanirira eddembe lyabwe n'okukuuma ebiyiiye byabwe ekya [[:en:Uganda_Performing_Right_Society|Uganda Performing Rights Society]] ekitumbudde ennyo ennyimba zaabwe n'okubaganyula nga kikola omulimu gw'okukuuma obwannanyini bwe balina ku nnyimba zaabwe. == Ennyimba ez'obuwangwa obw'enjawulo okusinziira ku bitundu bya Uganda eby'enjawulo == Uganda eyawulwamu ebitundu bina (4) omuli; Amasekkati, Obukiikakkono, Obuvanjuba n'Obugwanjuba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.gou.go.ug/about-uganda/sector/maps-regions |access-date=2022-11-17 |archive-date=2022-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022042316/https://www.gou.go.ug/about-uganda/sector/maps-regions |url-status=dead }}</ref> Buli kitundu kirina ennyimba ez'engeri ez'enjawulo okusinziira ku buwangwa obukirimu n'amawanga agasangibwayo. Ennyimba mu Uganda zisinga kwesigamizibwa nnyo ku mikolo egy'enjawulo era nga kino bwe kiri ne mu mawanga ga Afrika agasinga obungi. Kino kitegeeza nti okuyimba okusinga obunene kulina emikolo egy'enjawulo kwe kugendera okugeza, obufumbo oba embaga, okwalula abaana, emikolo gy'abakulembeze ab'ennono, amakungula, ennyimba ez'omu ntalo n'endala nnyingi. Ennyimba zino zikubibwa n'okuyimbibwa abakugu abatendeke mu buwangwa obw'enjawulo ne mu bivuga mwe bayimbira ennyimba ezikwata ku buwangwa bwabwe n'amazina gaabwe ag'enjawulo. === Amasekkati === [[File:Mesach Ssemakula and Rema.jpg|thumb|Rema Namakula 4.jpg]]  Abaganda basangibwa mu Bwakabaka bwa Buganda mu kitundu ky'Amasekkati ga Uganda; ly'eggwanga ly'abantu abasinga obungi mu Uganda.<ref name="afritorial">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://afritorial.com/tribe-the-baganda-ugandas-royal-kingdom-past-present/ |access-date=2022-11-17 |archive-date=2018-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181128204858/http://afritorial.com/tribe-the-baganda-ugandas-royal-kingdom-past-present/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Obwakabaka bukulemberwa omukulembeze w'ensikirano ayitibwa [[Kabaka wa Buganda|Kabaka]]. Kabaka ye muyima w'ebyokuyimba mu Buganda. Ebimu ku bivuga Abaganda bye bakozesa mu kuyimba mulimu: eŋŋoma nga zikola ettundutundu dddene mu nnyimba z'Abaganda.<ref>https://www.allmusic.com/album/mw0000113606</ref> Eŋŋoma z'Obwakabaka ze zimu ku ŋŋoma za Buganda ezikubwa mu nnyimba. E''ngalabi'' y'emu ku ŋŋoma ez'ettutumu nga y'esinga obuwanvu kyokka eddoboozi lyayo lifulumira mabega nga n'abamu kye bava bagiyita Omusekerannyuma.<ref name="face-musich">http://www.face-music.ch/instrum/uganda_drumen.html</ref> Eŋŋoma zikozesebwa omulundi gumu n'ebivuga ebirala omuli amadinda, endingidi, emirere, ''entongooli'', n'ebiralala bingi. Ennyimba zizannyibwa abantu bazizinireko mu ngeri [[:en:Call_and_response|ey'ayimba okusooka ate abamuwagira ne bamwanukula]] ng'enkola eyo eri nnyo mu mawanga ga ba Bantu<ref name="face-music">http://www.face-music.ch/catalog/tradmusicug_songsen06.html</ref> era ebaddewo okuva mu myaka gy'ekyasa ekya 19.<ref>https://www.doi.org/10.1080/00020186808707298</ref> Abaganda balina amazina ag'enjawulo agagenda n'enkuba z'ebivuga ezikyukana, muno mulimu aga ''baakisimba agasinga okuzinibwa.'' Mu malala mulimu aga ''nankasa'' n'''amaggunju''. Amaggunju mazina ga kitiibwa agaatandikira mu lubiri lwa Kabaka.<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=rMnkcZsv_eEC&q=music+in+Buganda&pg=PA128</ref>  Mu Bukiikokkono bwa Uganda mu kitundu kya Acholi waaliyo omuyimbi ow'amaanyi ng'ayitibwa Ojara Eddy we bwatuukira mu ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1980. === Mu Buvanjuba === Okusobola okukwawulira ekitundu ky'Obuvanjuba bwa Uganda ku bitundu ebirala. Kino kirimu amawanga ag'enjawulo omuli: Abagwere, Abasoga, Abanyoli, Abagisu, Abajapadhola, Abateeso, Abasabin, Abasamya era buli buwangwa bulina ennyimba yaabwo. Mu myaka gya 1990 amawanga gano gaakolanga ennyimba nga gakozesa bivuga byago byokka bye beekoleranga, okugeza Abagwere baalina ekivuga ekiyitibwa kongo, Abasoga nga balina amadinda ge bayita mbeire, ate Abajapadhola n'Abanyoli nga balina ekya fumbo, Abateeso nga balina adungu era ennyimba zaabwe zaayawukananga nnyo mu nvuga n'engeri gye baaziyiiyangamu. Mu kyasa ekya 20, mangi ku mawanga gano gaagenda gakyusa ennyimba yaago nga gakoppa ennyimba ey'ekizungu kyokka bakyayimbira mu nnimi zaabwe. Waliyo abayimbi bangi abamanyiddwa mu mawanga ago okugeza, Abagwere balina Waisana, Benenego, Rapper sky dee, Area b, Waikere, Bluzman n'abalala, . Abagisu balina San Sea, Ben, Nutty Neithan n'abalala, Abasoga balina Crazy mc, Racheal Magola, Maro, Yaled, General Megadi n'abalala. Amawanga gano agasinga galina abakulembeze b'ensikirano abayambyeko okutumbula eby'okuyimba byabwe. Omukulembeze w'Abagwere ayitibwa Ikumbania, owa Bugisu ye Omukuka, owa Busoga ayitibwa Kyabazinga, owa Teeso ye Emorimori n'abalala. === Obugwanjuba === Ekitone ky'okuyimba kizze kikula mu kitundu kino okuviira ddala ku bayimbi nga [[:en:Sister_Charity|Sister Charity]], Chance Kahindo ne Rasta Charz abaddirirwa [[:en:Ray_G|Ray G]], Jolow, [[:en:Allan_Toniks|Allan Toniks]], Seyo, T Bro, Emily Kikazi, Muzz Joe, T Paul, Rachael T, Mat Henry, CJ Champion ne baddirirwa abalala omuli Penny Patra, Amani Amaniga, Carol Kay, Prettie Immaq n'abalala bangi abazze. Oluvannyuma lw'okucaaka kw'oluyimba lwa "Omusheshe" olwayimbibwa Ray G ne Spice Diana, Olunyankole lwayongera okutuuka mu bitundu ebirala ebya Uganda. Abayimbi abava mu Buganda nabo baayongera okukola ennyimba ne bannaabwe okuva e Bugwanjuba ne bayimba ennyimba nga "True man hood" olwa ba Allstars abaayimba ne T Bro, "Tikikushemerire" olwa Gen Geeon ne Jose Chameleon, "Yeele" olwa Geosteady ne Ray G, "Ninkukunda" olwa Ray G ne Voltage music, "Mbarara boy" olwa Mc Kacheche ne [[John Blaq]], "Elevate" olwa Rachael T ne Colifixe, "Sagala" olwa T Paul ne Cosign. Okukula kwa ba 'deejay' kwatandika n'abantu nga DJs Alberto 43, Dj Mats, DJ Sky,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://feezah.com/ |access-date=2022-11-17 |archive-date=2022-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211142410/https://feezah.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Riddim Selecta, Starcent Dj, Jahlive, DJ Emma, DJ Bristol ne ba 'deejay' abali wansi w'ekibinja kya [https://web.archive.org/web/20220506234558/http://xldeejayz.com/ XL Deejayz] , Street Deejays, Massive effect Deejays, 43 Effect Deejays n'abalala bangi. Abatumbula ekisaawe ky'okuyimba. Mu bano mulimu abakolera ku mitimbagano n'abatagiriiko, omuli: [https://web.archive.org/web/20221211142410/https://feezah.com/ Feezah music uganda] Alpha Promotions, Bantu Hits,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://ictguy.com/download-ugandan-music-websites/ |access-date=2022-11-17 |archive-date=2022-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206120057/https://ictguy.com/download-ugandan-music-websites/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [https://web.archive.org/web/20220710154241/https://ugandadjs.com/ Uganda Djs Online Radio] Karen Promotions, D3 Promotions, Lala Promotions, Patra Promotions, JKG Promotions, MOK Alozius Promotions n'abalala; Mu balala mulimu abantu ssekinnoomu okuli: Dely Derick, Mc Katala, Mr vybs live n'abalala bangi Leediyo ne Terefayina nazo zikoze omulimu gwa maanyi okusitula ebitone. okutandikibwawo kwa leediyo ez'ebitundu nga "Voice of Tooro" , Radio West, [https://web.archive.org/web/20220516042409/https://messiahradio.co.ug/ Messiah Radio ey'e Kasese], Voice of Kigezi, Endigyito, Voice of Kamwenge, [https://kaseseguideradio.com/ Kasese Guide Radio], Rwenzori FM, BFM, Hits FM, n'endala omuli Crooze FM, Boona FM, K Town Radio, Ngabu FM ne Street Deejays Radio (ey'oku mutimbagano) ziyambyeko nnyo ekisaawe ky'okuyimba okukula mu Bugwanjuba bwa Uganda. Emikutu gya TV gikuze mu ngeri ya kasoobo mu kitundu kino kyokka okujja kwa TV West, ne Bunyoro TV nakyo kiyambyeko. TV zino zombi zaafuuka ekifo awazannyirwa vidiyo z'ennyimba zaabwe abantu ne baziraba. Okuyita mu leediyo ne TV abantu abapya baacaaka omuli Mc Kacheche, Kunana MC, Lithan MC, Mr Jay n'abalala. Okukula kw'ebivvulu by'ennyimba naddala mu bbaala z'ebibuga nga Mbarara, Rukungiri, Kabale, Fort Portal, Ishaka, Kasese ne Kamwenge biwa omwagaanya abayimbi abato okufuna we bayimbira abantu ne babategeera. == Ennyimba ezicaase ennyo ne zikola ssente == Olw'embeera y'obutali butebenkevu eyali mu Uganda okuva emabega, tewaaliwo budde bumala kisaawe kya kuyimba kusajjakula okutuusa jjo lya balamu eggwanga lwe lyaddamu emirembe ng'emyaka gya 1980 giggwaako. Mu kiseera ekyo [[:en:Philly_Lutaaya|Philly Lutaaya]], [[:en:Afrigo_Band|Afrigo Band]], ne [[:en:Elly_Wamala|Elly Wamala]] be boogerwako ng'abaavaayo mu kisaawe ky'okuyimba. [[Jimmy Katumba]] n'ekibiina kye ekya Ebonies nabo baamanyika nnyo mu biseera ebyo, ng'egya 1990 gitandika. Abayimbi nga, Carol Nakimera, Kezia Nambi, Fred Maiso, Kads Band, Rasta Rob, Menton Summer ba baaliko mu Uganda wakati wa 1990 ne 1997. Abalala nga, Livingstone Kasozi, Herman Basudde ne Paulo Kafeero nabo baakola kinene okusembeza ennyimba eri abantu n'okukola ebivvulu nga bayimbira ku siteegi. Okusinziira ku mutunzi w'ennyimba za Uganda nnakinku era amaze ebbanga mu bwa DJ, DJ Erycom, 1998 gwe mwaka ekisaawe ky'okuyimba mu Uganda lwe kyasinga okufuna enkyukakyuka ey'omuggundu. Yeebaza abayimbi nga Red Banton eyaleeta akayimba ka Noonya Money akaabuna Uganda yonna. agamba nti Red Banton yali ku ntikko y'okuyimba mu Uganda okutuuka mu 2000 Jose Chameleone lwe yadda okuva e [[Kenya]] n'oluyimba lwa "Mama Mia" kyenkana olwafuuka oluyimba lw'eggwanga mu Uganda ne East Africa okutwaliza awamu. Mu myaka gya 1990 Uganda yatandika okulaga nga bwe yali enyumirwa [[:en:Dancehall|ennyimba z'e Jamaica]] abayimbi ab'enjawulo omwali Shanks Vivi Dee, Ragga Dee, n'abalala bwe bajja n'enkuba ey'ekijamaica nga beefaananyirizaako [[:en:Shabba_Ranks|Shabba Ranks]]. Baayingiza wano ennyimba ez'ekika kya [[:en:Ragga|Ragga]] mu Uganda nga newankubadde baafuna okuvuganyizibwa n'ebika Ebifirika ebirala nga [[:en:Soukous|Soukous]] okuva e Congo ne [[:en:Kwaito|Kwaito]] okuva e South Africa. Embeera eno ye yaliwo okutuusa mu kyasa ekya 21 abayimbi nga [[:en:Chameleone|Chameleone]] bwe bajja ne bawamba. We bwatuukira mu 2007, waaliwo abayimbi abapya bangi abaali bazze nga bayimba ebika by'ennyimba eby'enjawulo olwo ng'ennyimba z'e [[Bulaaya]], ez'e Congo ne South Africa zaali tezikyavuga mu Uganda. Leero, abayimbi nga [[:en:Iryn_Namubiru|Iryn Namubiru]] ne King Saha be bamu ku b'oyinza okwogerako, abalala nga Radio & Weasel aba [[:en:Goodlyfe_Crew|Goodlyfe Crew]], nabo baali ba maanyi nnyo nga Radio tannafa, nga baavuganyaako ne mu mpaka za za ssemazinga wa Afrika yonna eza [[:en:MTV_Africa_Music_Awards|MTV Base awards]] mu 2010 n'eza BET awards mu 2013. Mu Gwomukaaga 2015, [[:en:Eddy_Kenzo|Eddy Kenzo]] yawangula awaadi y'omuyimbi omupya asinga mu nsi yonna eya "Best new international artist" mu mpaka za [[:en:BET_Awards_2015|2015 BET music awards.]] === Kadongo Kamu === [[File:Tune In (28990737).jpeg|left|thumb|Guiter]] Ekigambo "Kadongo Kamu" kigambo kya [[Luganda]] ekitegeeza "endongo emu". Ennyimba ez'engeri eno zaaweebwa erinnya eryo olw'omulimu omukulu ogukolebwa jjita ey'eddoboozi eddene eya [[:en:Bass_guitar|bass guitar]], ng'olumu yokka gye bababakuba nga bayimba. Kirowoozebwa nti omuyimbi eyasooka okumanyika n'okucaaka ye [[:en:Fred_Masagazi|Fred Masagazi]] eyo mu myaka gya 1960.<ref name="voanews">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://blogs.voanews.com/music-time-in-africa/2008/02/05/kadongo-kamu-from-uganda/ |access-date=2022-11-17 |archive-date=2022-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801121338/https://blogs.voanews.com/music-time-in-africa/2008/02/05/kadongo-kamu-from-uganda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Omugenzi Elly Wamala naye yakola kinene mu kukyusa mu kadongo kamu n'amwongerako omutindo era ennyimba ze zaawulirwanga nga za njawulomu. Christopher Sebadduka yatutumusa nnyo kadongokamu nga y'ensonga alwaki bangi bamuyita Jjajja wa Kadongo kamu. Ennyimba za Wamala ez'imulembe zaamuleeera okufuna abawagizi bangi era y'omu ku baafuna omukisa okuyimba ku bijaguzo by'ameefuga ga Uganda mu 1962. Bano baagobererwa abayimbi abalala bangi.<ref name="voanews" /> [[:en:Herman_Basudde|Herman Basudde]] yali muyimbi wa kadongo kamu eyacaaka ennyo wakati w'emyaka gya 1980 ne 1990. Kino bwe kyali ne ku [[:en:Bernard_Kabanda|Bernard Kabanda]] ne Dan Mugula ono ye ng'akyaliwo. Fred Sebatta ne [[:en:Paulo_Kafeero|Paulo Kafeero]] baali ba maanyi nnyo mu myaka gya 1990. We butuukidde olwaleero nga Kadongokamu yakendeera amaanyi olw'ebika by'ennyimba ebirala ebivuganya ku mutendera gw'ensi yonna kyokka akyatwalibwa nga sitayiro y'ennyimba ey'ekitiibwa, erimu okuwuliriza obubaka, okubuulirira n'okusanyusa abakulembeze mu Buganda.<ref name="monitorco">[http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Entertainment/Down-the-memory-lane-with-Kadongo-kamu-greats/812796-1522878-kms8yc/index.html "Down the memory lane with Kadongo kamu greats". monitor.co.ug. Retrieved January 31, 2017]</ref> === Ennyimba 50 ezikyasinze amaanyi mu Uganda okuvamu 1990 ===   Okusinziira ku DJ Erycom, luno lwe lukalala lw'ennyimba ezikyasinze amaanyi mu Uganda. Born In Africa olwa Philly Lutaaya, Land of Anaka olwa Geoffrey Oryema, Bus Dunia olwa Herman Basudde, Sirikawo Baby olwa Menton Summer ne Emperor Orlando, Wipolo olwa Pastor George Okudi, Noonya Money olwa Red Banton, Mama Mia olwa Jose Chameleone, Mbawe olwa Ragga Dee, Tindatine olwa Lady Mariam, Kapapaala olwa David Lutalo, Bamidomo, Midomo olwa Da Twinz, Mu Ggulu Teriyo Mwenge olwa Menton Kronno & Gen Mega Dee, Mic Ya Ziggy Dee, Badda lwa Bobi Wine, Jamila olwa Jose Chameleone, Ani Akumanyi olwa Grace & Gatimo, Swimming Pool olwa Abdu Mulaasi, Angela olwa Sizza Man, Dippo Nazigala olwa Paulo Kafeero, Nakudata olwa Radio & Weasel, Ekinaigeria olwa Harriet Kisaakye, Siggwe Ansimira olwa Mesach Semakula, Mwana Muwala Nga Walaba olwa Mega Dee, Stamina olwa Eddy Kenzo, Wendi olwa Bobi Wine, Kasepiki olwa Bebe Cool, Nabikoowa olwa Juliana Kanyomozi, Mbakwekule olwa Sheebah, Ndigida olwa Ragga Dee, Champion olwa AK47, Maria Roza olwa Eddy Kenzo, Ginkeese olwa Qute Kaye, Oli Wange olwa Rema, Tuli Kubunkenke olwa Ronald Mayinja, Mazongoto olwa Dr Hilderman, Bread & Butter olwa Radio & Weasel, Jangu olwa Obsessions, Nakatudde olwa Madox Semanda Ssematimba, Maama Brenda olwa Sweet Kid, Neera Neera olwa Mowzey Radio, Omusono Gwa Mungu olwa Abdu Mulaasi, Obangaina olwa Racheal Magoola, Juicy olwa Radio & Weasel, Manzi Wa Nani olwa Clever J, Sikulimba olwa Afrigo Band, Nkuumira Omukwano olwa Aziz Azion, Omusheshe olwa Chance Nalubega, Bbaala olwa Daxx Kartel, Ekimbeewo olwa Halimah Namakula, Basiima Ogenze olwa Jose Chameleone, Ddole Y'omwana olwa Fred Sebatta, Sweet Wange olwa Phoebe Nassolo, Kyarenga olwa Bobi Wine, Beera Nange olwa Judith Babirye, Kani olwa Pastor Wilson Bugembe, Amaaso olwa Pallaso, Radio & Weasel, Walumbe Remix olwa Gravity Omutujju, Muliranwa olwa King Saha, Sitya Loss olwa Eddy Kenzo, Ngenda Kusiba Farm olwa Abdu Mulaasi, Badilisha olwa Jose Chameleone, Bogolako olwa Bebe Cool, Maama Mbire olwa Bobi Wine & Juliana ne Mbiro Mbiro olwa Eddy Kenzo. === Kidandali ===   Ennyimba ez<nowiki>'ekika ky'Ekidandali ze zisinze okuwamba mu Uganda ensangi zino. Kyokka erinnya "kidandali" terikkaanyizibwako buli omu ng'abamu bagamba nti ennyimba ez'ekika kino zandibadde ziyitibwa ''ennyimba za bbandi''</nowiki>, ate abalala bateesanti ekika kino kiyitibwe [[:en:Afrobeat|Afrobeat]]. Ennyiba ez'engeri eno ensibuko yaazo yava mu bbandi ezaasookawo mu Uganda nga yaakafuna obwetwaze mu 1962. Bbandi ya Cranes Band, oluvannyuma eyasattulukuka n'evaamu eya [[:en:Afrigo_Band|Afrigo Band]], eyogerwako nga bbandi eyasooka okuvaamu ennyimba ez'engeri eno. Mu kusooka ennyimba zaabwe zaali zaagala okufaanaganamu ez'ekika kya [[:en:Soukous|Soukous]] n'ez'abayimbi b'e congo nga Franco ezaaliko mu budde obwo. Baakubanga nnyo n'ebivuga ebikola ennyimba za [[:en:Jazz|Jazz]]. Ebiseera bwe byagenda bitambula, waabalukawo bbandi endala nga Rwenzori Band, Big Five Band ne Simba Ngoma Band. Naye Afrigo Band ye yasinga okumanyika n'okubuutikira endala naddala mu kiseera ky'obutabanguko n'obutali butebenkevu obwaliwo mu myaka gya 1970 okutuuka mu gya 1990. We bwatuukira mu makkati g'emyaka gya 1990, Afrigo Band yali ekyayimba ennyimba eziva mu kika kya Soukous music, eyali ow'ettutumu ennyo mu Afrika yonna. Abayimbi nga Joanita Kawalya ne Rachael Magoola baali kitundu ku Afrigo Band era be baatandikirwako ekika ky'ennyimba kati eziyitibwa Kidandali, kw'ossa bbandi endala nga Kaads Band. Kyokka enkyukakyuka ssinziggu yaggyawo bwe waatondebwawo ekibiina ekiralala ekyatuumibwa Eagles Production ekyaleeta abayimbi nga Mesach Semakula, Geoffrey Lutaaya, Ronald Mayinja , Haruna Mubiru n'abalala bangi. Bano baatwala ekya Afrigo Band ne bakyongeramu ebirungo wamma ne gujabagira. Mu myaka gya 2000, enika ky'ennyimba kino kyasinga kumanyika ku bbandi ya Eagles Production. Bano baayongera okusitula ebitone ebipya omwali: Roy Kapale, Maureen Nantume, Phionah Mukasa, Mariam Mulinde, Queen Florence, omugenzi Harriet Kisaakye Cathy Kusasira, Irene Namatovu ne [[:en:Stecia_Mayanja|Stecia Mayanja]]. Ate entaanya endala yaliwo mu 2008 omuyimbi [[:en:David_Lutalo|David Lutalo]] lwe yajja n'akayimba ka Kapapaala n'ateekawo essuula empya okuva ku nnyimba za bbandi ezaali zimanyiddwa omwali Eagles Production, Diamond Production, Kads Band, Backeys Band, Kats Production, The Hommies n'endala nnyingi. Mu 2003, Uganda yafunda omuyimbi omupya eyawamba ekisaawe ky'okuyimba, Abdu Mulaasi. Ono eyajja n'oluyimbba lwe olwabuna eggwanga lyonna olwa "Omusono Gwa Mungu", Abdu Mulaasi yayogerwangako kyenkana mu buli nju n'atwalibwa okuba omu ku bayimbi ab'amaanyi mu Uganda. Abdu Mulaasi yeeyongera okufulumya ennyimba ezaacaaka nga: Swimming Pool, Njagal Ebbere, Ekyaapa, Obuffumbo Bwa Liizi, Ngenda Kusiba Farm ne Omuchaina. Enkulu Tenywa lwe lumu ku nnyimba ezaasinga okukwatayo era ne lumu kuumira ku ntikko. We bwatuukira mu 2010, Abdu Mulaasi yali akyusizza enkuba ya KadongoKamu ng'afuuse Kadongo kamu omulongooseemu oba abamu gwe bayita Urban Kadongo Kamu. DJ Erycom, y'omu ku ba DJ abaasooka abaasooka okuzannya, okubunyisa n'okutumbula ennyimba za Kadongokamu mu bbaala, ne mu bifo ebirala ebisanyukirwamu mu Uganda n'ebweru. Mu kiseera ekyo tekinologiya ow'entambi yali ayongedde okukula ng'ennyimba zikolebwa byuma ebiri mu kompyuta si si bino bye bakubirawo nga kino kyali kyatuuka dda ne mu nnyimba eza bbandi.Situdio ezikola ennyimba ezaaliko mu kiseera ekyo kuliko: Kann, Dream Studios, Mozart n'eya Paddyman. Abayimbi abalala bangi bazze bayimba ennyimba z'ekidandali omuli Dr Tee, Martin Angume ne [[:en:Chameleone|Chameleone]] yennyini. Abayimbi b'ennyimba zino abapya mulimu [[:en:Papa_Cidy|Papa Cidy]], ne Chris Evans ng'ono oluusi ayimbirako n'ez'ekika kya Dancehall era muyimbi mututumufu mu Uganda. === Ennyimba za Dancehall === Ennyimba za Dancehall mu Uganda zaagala okwefaananyirizaako ezo eza [[:en:Dancehall|Dancehall w'e Jamaica]]. Y'emu ku kika ky'ennyimba ekirina ekifo eky'oku mwanjo mu kisaawe ky'okuyimba mu Uganda. Ebirala byonna bifaanagana n'eby'Abajamaica ekyawukana kyokka lwe lulimi nga Bannayuganda bayimba nnyi mu nnimi zaabwe ennansi. Newankubadde bayimba mu nnimi zaabwe, okugeza [[Luganda]], era waliwo obugambo bwe bakoppa mu Lujamaica nga bagoberera [[:en:Patois|engeri gye baatulamu Olujamaica]]. Kinajjukirwa nti ku ntandikwa y'emyaka gya 1990 ne mu makkati gaagyo, ennyimba z'ebweru ezaasinga okunyumira Bannayuganda z'ezo ez'e Jamaica ezaayitibwanga [[:en:Raggamuffin_music|Raggamuffin music]] mu biseera eby. Abayimbi nga [[:en:Shabba_Ranks|Shabba Ranks]] ne [[:en:Buju_Banton|Buju Banton]] baafuuka ekyokulabirako eri abayimbi b'e Uganda nga Shanks Vivi D, [[:en:Ragga_Dee|Ragga Dee]], Menton Sama ne Rasta Rob. Ekidongo abayibi b'e Uganda kye baasinga okuyiiyizaamu ennyimba ky'eky'oluyimba lwa[[:en:Reggaeton#Dem_Bow|Dem Bow]] olwayimbibwa Shabba Ranks oluvannyuma ne kiddirirwa ekidongo kya [[:en:Reggaeton|Reggaeton]]. Ng'emyaka gya 1990 giggwaako abayimbi abapya baasituka mu Uganda omwali Mega Dee ne Emperor Orlando nga bakuba ennyimba ez'ekika kino.<ref name="newvisioon">http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1330970/dancehall-influence-ugandan-music</ref> Ekyasa ekya 20 we kyaggweerako, ng'ennyimba za dancehall oba ezitera okuyitibwa ragga zaali zisaasaanye ne mu nkuba endala. Abayimbi abapya nga [[:en:Chameleone|Chameleone]], [[:en:Bebe_Cool|Bebe Cool]] ne [[Bobi Wine]] baayingirawo era ne bawamba ekisaawe ky'okuyimba nga bakuba ennyimba ez'ekika kino. Kyokka tebalina nnyo kye baayongera ku kika kya nnyimba eno naddala mu kwongera ku mutindo gw'envuga oba okwongeramu ebivuga ebirala wabula baasigala ku nvuga ey'ekidongo kya Dem Bow kwe baazimbiranga ennyimba zaabwe. Kyokka ebiseera bwe byeyongera omutindo gwagenda gukyukamu era Chameleone ye yasooka okuba omuyimbi wa dancehall eyagattamu envuga endala omuli eya Soukous ne [[:en:Kadongo_Kamu|Kadongo Kamu]]. We bwatuukira mu 2006, abayimbi bangi baali bakoze ekintu kye kimu.<ref name="musicinafricaa">http://musicinafrica.net/reggae-uganda?language=en</ref> Mu kiseera kino enkuba y'Ekijamaica yali ekyuseemu okuva ku nkadde eya "ragga" nga wazzeewo emypa eyaleetebwa [[:en:Deejays|ba DJ]] ba dancehall omwali [[:en:Vybz_Kartel|Vybz Kartel]] ne [[:en:Busy_Signal|Busy Signal.]] Abayimbi nga Dr Hilderman bajja n'ennyimba empya nga Double bed Mazongoto ne zivuga okumala ebbanga. Kyokka oluvannyuma Uganda yafuna abayimbi omujiji omupya nga Rabadaba, Sizza Man ne Fidempa abaakola ennyimba za dancehall omulongooseemu. Abayimbi ba Uganda aba dancehall bangi bamufunyeemu era kati bagagga abali mu bulamu obw'okwejalabya.<ref name="theguardian">https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2014/oct/30/the-playlist-reggae-dancehall-and-soca-from-kingston-to-kampala</ref> === Ennyimba za Hip Hop ne R&B === Ennyimba za Hip Hop mu Uganda zeefaananyirizaako ezo eza [[:en:Hip_Hop|Hip Hop]] w'omu Amerika abamu ze bayita ez'okutontoma. Olw'okukula kwa tekinologiya, ne Bannayuganda ennyimba za Hip Hop ze bakola nnengooseemu nga teziri wala nnyo n'ezikolebwa mu Amerika. Enjawulo ennene eriwo eri nti mu Uganda, nga bwe kiri ne mu mawanga ga Afrika amalala, okusinga abayimbi bayimba mu nnimi nnansi/nzaaliranwa. Okusingira ddala bayimba mu [[Luganda]] ng'ab'ennyimba zino baafunayo n'ekigambo ekiralala ekya "Lugaflow" kye bakozesa okutegeeza ennyimba eno efaananako ey'okutontoma mu Uganda.<ref name="editioncnn">http://edition.cnn.com/2015/05/18/africa/ugandadn-hip-hop/</ref> Ennyimba eya Hip hop y'emu ku zikyali empya mu Uganda nga yatandika n'ebibinja by'abayimbi bibiri (2) omuli ekya [[:en:Klear_Kut|Klear Kut]] ne Bataka Squad ebyatandika eyo ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1990 naye nga mu kiseera ekyo Bannayuganda baali tebannazitegeera. Mu bayimbi abalala abajja nga bayimba ennyimba ez'ekika kino mulimu [[:en:Navio_(rapper)|Navio (rapper)]], Babaluku, Sylvester ne Abramz ,'abalala bangi.<ref name="kellogg">https://web.archive.org/web/20160724010258/http://kellogg.nd.edu/students/etw/experience_killen.shtml</ref> Abayimbi abalala beeyalula okuva mu 2005 omwali Rocky Giant ne GNL Zamba eyajja 2008 ennyimba za Hip Hop ne zisensera Bannayuganda. Abayimbi abalala bajja nga bagoberera GNL omuli Jay-P, keko, Gravity Omutujju, Victor Kamenyo, Felister de Superstar, Fresh Kid, MunG n'abalala bangi ababunyizza ennyimba eno mu Bannayuganda ne batuuka ne ku mikutu egy'amaanyi nga [[:en:MTV|MTV]].<ref name="newvision.co.ug">http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1419328/status-quo-ugandan-hip-hop-industry</ref> Nga bwe kiri ku Hip Hop, ennyimba za R&B mu Uganda nazo zigoberera ezo eza [[:en:R&B|R&B]] okuva mu Amerika. Zino tezirina nnyo byafaayo mu Uganda kyokka nga zaasooka kuyimbibwa Steve Jean mu Uganda ng'emyaka gya 1990 giggwaako. Yaddirirwa Michael Ross eyajja mu 2002 n'ennyimba nga How Do You Love ne Sinorita. Kyokka mu 2008, abayimbi bangi beeyongera okuyimba R&B omwali Myco Chris ne Baby Joe abawangaalira mu mawanga g'ebweru. Mu balala mulimu aba Blu3, ne [[:en:Aziz_Azion|Aziz Azion]]. Baagobererwa abalala nga [[:en:Nick_Nola|Nick Nola]], Richy, Pallaso, Woodz ne Yoyo abaayongera ennyimba eno mu maaso.<ref name="newvision.co.ug" /> === Ennyimba z'eddiini/ez'okusinza n'okutendereza Katonda === [[:en:Gospel_music|Ennyimba z'okusinza n'okutendereza]] mu Uganda zaatandika na kkwaya za mu makanisa ne Eklezia kw'ossa bbandi ez'enjawulo. Zino zaali nnyo mu b'enzikiriza y'Ekirokole /[[:en:Balokole|Abalokole]]. Abayimbi nga Fiona Mukasa eyajja mu makkati g'emyaka gya 1990 y'omu ku baasooka okukuba ennyimba z'eddiini okuzifulumya amasinzizo ne zituuka ku bantu bonna. Ennyimba zino zaalimu nnyo enkuba ey'ennyimba z'e Congo eya [[:en:Soukous|Soukous]] eyaliko mu budde obwo. Waaliwo n'ekibinja kya Limit X ekyacaaka ennyo mu budde obwo.<ref name="nsoul">[https://web.archive.org/web/20221022042303/http://nsoul.com/artists/limits "Limit X Biography". nsoul.com. Retrieved 4 July 2015]{{dead link|date=December 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Oluvannyuma ennyimba za 'Gospel' zaakyukamu oluvannyuma lw'okujja kw'ebibinja nga Sauti,<ref name="newvisionn">https://web.archive.org/web/20200919024306/https://www.newvision.co.ug/D/9/507/462860</ref> n'eya First Love. Abalala nga George Okudi ne Father Musaala baakuba ennyimba ezaakwatayo. Kyokka ennyimba za Gospel, zaatandika okwegazaanya mu kisaawe ky'okuyimba mu Uganda, [[:en:Judith_Babirye|Judith Babirye]] bwe yayingirawo mu 2007. Babirye, eyayimbanga mu ngeri y'emu n'eya Mukasa, kyokka ye yafulumyanga ennyimba ez'okumukumu ate nga zonna zikwatayo omwali ne "Beera Nange".<ref name="About">http://allafrica.com/stories/201407211632.html</ref> Omulala eyadda ku Babirye ye [[:en:Wilson_Bugembe|Wilson Bugembe]] nga naye ennyimba ze zaasiimibwa abantu n'ayatiikirira. Bono bazze beegattibwako abayimbi abalala nga [[:en:Levixone|Levixone]] eyayimba olwa "mbeera" ne Grace Morgan olwali olwamaanyi mu 2021. == Ennyimba za Classical == Ennyimba ez'engeri eno ntono nnyo mu Uganda,era abazitegeera okusinga bali mu kibuga ekikulu Kampala. Amatendekero g'ebyennyimba mu Kampala kuliko: [https://web.archive.org/web/20250708204840/https://www.kampalamusicschool.com/ Kampala Music School], [https://web.archive.org/web/20251007174413/https://www.musicinafrica.net/taxonomy/term/6794 MusiConnexions Uganda] and [https://esom-music.com/ Esom Music School]. Newankubadde amatendekero gano tegaliimu bivuga byonna ebyetaagisa olwa ssente entono, gatendeka abantu mu by'okuyimba ebisookerwako. Waliko okuyimba okw'Ekizungu okwayigirizibwa Bannayuganda Abaminsane we bajjira mu Uganda. Kino tekitegeeza nti nga tebajjaggya tewaaliwo kuyimba naye balina bye baayongereza ku ebyo bye baasangawo.<ref>Music in Africa Magazine, by Benon Kigozi</ref> Era ennyimba za [[:en:Classical_music|Classical music]] zigenda zikula mpolampola. == Embeera y'ekisaawe ky'okuyimba == [[:en:Music_industry|Okuyimba mu Uganda]] kye kimu ku bisaawe ebisinga okuba eby'omugaso mu mbeera z'abantu eza bulijjo n'okukyusa ebyenfuna by'abo abakwetabamu. Abayimbi be basinga okubeera [[:en:Celebrities|bassereebu]] mu Uganda, era n'ebyo ebifulumira mu mawulire nga bikwata ku byamasanyu bisinga kubeera ku nnyimba ne ku bayimbi. Ebikwata ku bayimbi bigobererwa nnyo abaamawulire era bikola nnyo amawulire mu Uganda. [[:en:Concerts|Ebivvulu by'ennyimba]] oba okutongoa entambi z'ennyimba kye kimu ku biwagirwa ennyo Bannayuganda. Kkampuni nnyingi ziteeka ssente mu bivvulu bino okubitegeka n'okubiranga ku leediyo ne TV. Abayimbi bakola nnyo ebivvulu kubanga batono ku bo abatunda antambi/ennyimba zaabwe ne zivaamu ssente, nga basigalira ku kya kutegeka bivvulu ne bavunamu ku ssente ze basolooza okubiyingira. Tewaliiwo [[:en:Record_labels|kkampuni zikola nnyimba entongole]] era ezitera okuyitibwa kkampuni ezikola ennyimba zibeera zikulembera bayimbi kye kyokka. Eno y'ensonga lwaki abayimbi basanga obuzibu mu kufuna ssente mu nnyimba zaabwe n'okukaluubirizibwa okukola ennyimba eziri ku mutindo. Wabaddewo ne kaweefube w'okutereeza ekisaawe ky'okuyimba okuyita mu bitongole nga ekya Uganda Performing Rights Society (UPRS), Bryan Morel Publications n'ekya Uganda Musicians Association ekizze kitegeka awaadi z'abayimbi ez'enjawulo omuli [[:en:Africa_Awards_for_Entrepreneurship|AFRIMA Awards]], [[:en:Pearl_of_Africa_Music_Awards|PAM Awards]] ne HiPipo Music Awards. Okufuba kw'ebibiina bino okuyambako abayimbi okufuna mu nnyimba zaabwe nga basitula etteeka ly'obwannannyini ku biyiiye omuli n'ennyimba erya [[:en:Copyright_law|copyright law]] kuzze kugwa butaka. Kino kikyali kimu ku bizibu abayimbi bye basanga mu nsi yonna. == Okutunda n'okutumbula ennyimba za Uganda == Okusinziira ku muwandiisi Jones, A.M (1954),ennyimba ennansi ekyali ya maanyi mu bantu ba bulijjo naddala mu byalo era agamba nti Uganda erina ebivuga ebitasangikasangika ebizze bikozesebwa ne mu nnyimba ezikolebwa ennaku zino. Kampuni ennene ezitwala abayimbi n'okubakolera ennyimba omuli eya [[:en:Blackmarket_Records|Black Market Records]] n'ebitongole by'ensi yonna omuli n'ekya [https://www.singingwells.org/ Singing Wells] ne [http://selam.se/eng/about-us Selam] okuva e UK nazo ziyambyeko okutumbula ennyimba za Uganda. Mu ntandikwa zaalina ekigendererwa ky'okutumbula ennyimba za hip-hop mu Uganda ne zizzaako okutendeka abakola ennyimba n'okusomesa ku tteeka lya copyright Law) okuyita mu buyambi obuva mu kitongole kya Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA). Bano bagenderera n'okutumbula ebika by'ennyimba omuli Larakaraka okuva e Gulu, Bukusu nga kino ekika kiyimbibwa Mbale kw'ossa Kandongo Kamu nga bizze bigattibwamu enkuba ya reggae ne ragga.<ref>https://doi.org/10.21504%2Famj.v1i1.228</ref> Abayimbi ba Uganda okusinga bakozesezza leediyo ne TV okutumbula ennyimba zaabwe. Bangi bategese ebivvulu ate abalala bayimba ku mikolo ng'okwanjula, embaga n'obubaga obulala. Abalala bakozesa emikutu gya yintaneeti omuli n'egya Social Media okutumbula ennyimba zaabwe era bafunyeemu ssente. Kyokka abayimbi bangi mu Uganda tebannatandika kukozesa bulungi mikitu gino okugiganyulwamu ng'abagikozesa baasinga kuzuukukira mu kiseera kya ky'omuggalo gwa Covid-19. Abayimbi nga [[:en:Desire_Luzinda|Desire Luzinda]], [[:en:Navio_(rapper)|Navio]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://kampalasun.co.ug/2020/04/17/navio-to-stage-online-concert-during-covid-19-lockdown/ |access-date=2022-11-17 |archive-date=2020-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200426012212/https://kampalasun.co.ug/2020/04/17/navio-to-stage-online-concert-during-covid-19-lockdown/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[:en:Iryn_Namubiru|Iryn Namubiru]], [[Bobi Wine]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://kampalasun.co.ug/2020/05/11/bobi-wines-online-concert-lives-up-to-hype-marred-by-poor-network/ |access-date=2022-11-17 |archive-date=2020-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201202455/https://kampalasun.co.ug/2020/05/11/bobi-wines-online-concert-lives-up-to-hype-marred-by-poor-network/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[:en:Gabriel_K|Gabriel K]],<ref>https://bigeye.ug/gabriel-k-in-concert/</ref> [[:en:Jose_Chameleone|Jose Chameleone]] n'abategesi b'ebivvulu nga Bryan Morel Publications, Promoter Musa<ref>http://www.imdb.com/name/nm11777770/bio</ref> Ivan Jay [[:en:Music_promoter|Music Promoter]]<ref>https://www.google.com/maps/dir//Bulamu+Rd,+Kasangati/@0.3796251,32.5876834,11z/data=!4m7!4m6!1m1!4e2!1m2!1m1!1s0x177db16786a4e2d7:0x87568ea2423514a2!3e0</ref> ne Fezah baakyusa entegeka y'ebivvulu nga baakolako n'ebyoku mutimbagano (online concerts) oluvannyuma ebyasaasaaniranga ku mikutu gya TV.<ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1519157/online-normal-post-covid-19</ref><ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1518193/ugandan-artistes-resort-online-afloat</ref> == Laba na bino == * [[:en:Baganda_music|Baganda music]] * [[:en:Bigwala|Bigwala]] * [[:en:Kadongo_Kamu|Kadongo Kamu]] * [[:en:Kidandali|Kidandali]] * [[:en:Ray_G|Ray G]] == Ebijuliziddwamu == <references responsive="1"></references> == External links == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20221211142410/https://feezah.com/ Feezah Music Uganda - Buy, Download & Listen to Ugandan music worldwide.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20221106124925/https://www.kampalafm.com/ List of Top Ugandan Songs.] - Official Ugandan Music Website * [https://web.archive.org/web/20201005144850/https://www.djerycom.com/music Download Ugandan Music – ERYCOM] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20201005155556/https://www.djerycom.com/profiles Full List Of Top Ugandan Artists] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20201005144850/https://www.djerycom.com/music Most Recently Added Ugandan Music] * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p005xlb4 BBC: Information about Buganda royal court music.] * [http://www.howwe.biz Howwe] * [http://www.hipipo.com HiPipo] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130118091642/http://musicuganda.com/ Music Uganda] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100515124508/http://www.uprs.biz/ Uganda Publishing Rights Society] * [http://sounds.bl.uk/World-and-traditional-music/Peter-Cooke-Uganda Field recordings made in Uganda by ethnomusicologist, Peter Cooke] * [http://sounds.bl.uk/World-and-traditional-music/Wachsmann Field recordings made in Uganda by ethnomusicologist, Klaus Wachsmann] * [http://sounds.bl.uk/World-and-traditional-music/Ken-Gourlay-Uganda Field recordings made in by ethnomusicologist, Kenneth Gourlay] [[Category:Buganda]] 27ihky40e9d6cy5wf4c8vqefggkv6tj 0 8335 75710 70171 2026-09-30T18:11:14Z Wiki.lukron 11854 Converted links and removed duplicate links 75710 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Prime Minister Rugunda.png|thumb|Dr.Ruhakana Rugunda]] '''Livingstone Ruhakana Rugunda''' oba Ndugu nga bwatera okuyitibwa. Musajja munna Uganda omusawo omutendeke ate nga era munnabyabufuzi omugundiivu eyaliko [[:en:Prime_Minister_of_Uganda|ssabaminisita]] wa [[:en:Uganda|Yuganda]] okuva mu 2014 okutuuka 2021 nga tannafuuka ssabaminisita era yali aweerezzaako mu bifo ebyenjawulo mu gavumenti ya pulezidenti wa Uganda ow'omwenda General [[:en:Yoweri_Museveni|Yoweri Museveni]] eyakwata obuyinza mu mwaka1986. Ebifo bino byeyaweerezamu mulimu okukola nga minisita avunanyizibwa ku nsonga z'amawanga amalala okuva 1994 okutuusa 1996, minisita ow'ensonga z'omunda muggwanga okuva 2003 okutuuka 2009. Oluvannyuma yaliko omukiise wa Uganda ow'enkalakkalira mu [[:en:United_Nations|mukago gwa mawanga amagatte]] okuva 2009 okutuusa 2011 era minisita w'ebyobulamu wakati wa 2013 okutuuka 2014.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Vision |title=Uganda ready for Security Council chair |url=https://www.newvision.co.ugnull/ |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=New Vision}}</ref> [[File:Day 1 MC10 - Opening Session (23144516913).jpg|thumb]] Yalondebwa okubeera ssabaminisita wa Uganda nga 18 Sebutemba 2014 okutuuka 21 ogw'omukaaga 2021.Ono okutuuka ku buvunaanyizibwa buno yaddira [[:en:Amama_Mbabazi|Amama Mbabazi]] mu bigere oluvannyuma lw'okusuulibwa omukulembeze wa Uganda [[Yoweri Museveni]] .<ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Vision |title=Ruhakana Rugunda new Prime Minister |url=https://www.newvision.co.ugnull/ |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=New Vision}}</ref> era nga bweyanyuka obuweereza buno yasikirwa omukyala [[Robinah Nabbanja|Robinah Nabbanja Musaafiiri]].<ref>https://opm.go.ug/the-prime-minister/</ref> == Obuzaale bwe n'emisomo gye == Ruhakana Rugunda yazaalibwa mu [[:en:Kabale_District|disitulikiti y'eKabale]] mu bugwanjuba bwa Uganda nga 7 Novemba 1947. Mu buto Rugunda yatuulanga nasomera kitaawe Surumani Rugunda empapula zamawulire ,era bweyakula kino kyamuleetera okwagala okwenyigira mu by'obufuzi . Rugunda yasomera [[:en:Kigezi_High_School|Kigezi High School]] ne [[:en:Busoga_College_Mwiri|Busoga College Mwiri]] gye yaweereza nga omukulembeze wa bayizi bonna nga tanneegatta ku [[:en:Makerere_University_Medical_School|Makerere University Medical School]] n'oluvannyuma [[:en:University_of_Zambia|University of Zambia]] gye yasomera eddagala , natikkirwa diguli mu [[:en:Bachelor_of_Medicine_and_Bachelor_of_Surgery|Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery]]. Oluvannyuma yasomera ku [[:en:University_of_California,_Berkeley|University of California, Berkeley]] naafuna diguli eyookubiri mu [[:en:Master_of_Science|Master of Science]] in public health.<ref name="1R"/><ref name="3R">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.statehouse.go.ug/people/rt-hon-dr-ruhakana-rugunda |access-date=2022-11-26 |archive-date=2021-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416113632/https://statehouse.go.ug/people/rt-hon-dr-ruhakana-rugunda |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nga tannayingira byabufuzi bya Uganda, Rugunda yakola nga [[:en:Physician|medical officer]] mu [[:en:Zambia|Zambia]], omusawo mu [[:en:District_of_Columbia_General_Hospital|disitulikiti ya Columbia General Hospital]] mu [[:en:Washington,_D._C.|Washington, D. C.]], ne ku [[:en:Kenyatta_National_Hospital|Kenyatta National Hospital]] e [[:en:Nairobi,_Kenya|Nairobi, Kenya]].<ref name="1R"/><ref name="3R"/> == Eby'obufuzi == Ng'asoma ku Makerere University mu Uganda, Rugunda,yali asinga kumanyibwa nga "Ndugu" ([[:en:Swahili_language|kyalu Swahili]] ekitegeeza "muganda wange ") , yaweerezanga pulezidenti wa National Union of Students of Uganda (NUSU), ekibiina kya bavubuka eky'obufuzi.<ref name="4R">Bryan Langlands (1977). "Students and Politics in Uganda". ''African Affairs''. '''76''' (302): 3–20. JSTOR&nbsp;722010.</ref> Nga munnabyabufuzi omuvubuka, Rugunda yali kitundu ku Uganda People's Congress (UPC) era kigambibwa yali kulusegere nnyo olwa pulezidenti [[:en:Milton_Obote|Apollo Milton Obote]].Ebimu ku bibuuzo ebyamubuuzibwa nga tanaffa , Obote yannyonnyola lwaki Rugunda yafunamu obutategeeregana ne [[:en:Yoweri_Museveni|Yoweri Museveni]] n'ekibiina ki [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]]. Rugunda yali omu kwabo abatono abaali Obote beyalaba abali ab'okukulembera ekibiina wamu n'eggwanga.<ref name="4R" /> Mu 1985 yasisinkanaabakulembeze [[:en:Uganda|bannayuganda]] [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) ku inn "Zum grünen Jäger"mu Unterolberndorf, Austria, mu lukiiko lw'okukwatagana mu bubba okwogera ku nteekateeka z'obufuzi ez'okununula [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]]. Museveni bweyatwala obuyinza mu 1986, Rugunda yafuna obukulembeze obw'enjawulo obw'obwomuddiringanwa : yali minisita w'eby'obulamu okuva 1986 okutuuka 1988, minisita w'emirimu , entambula n'empuliziganya okuva 1988 okutuuka 1994,minisita w'ensonga z'ebweru okuva 1994 okutuuka 1996, minisita w'amawulire okuva 1996 okutuuka 1998,minisita w'bwa pulezidenti okuva 1998 okutuuka 2001, minisita w'amazzi , ettaka n'obutonde okuva 2001 okutuuka 2003, ne minisiter w'ensonga z'omuggwanga munda okuva 2003 okutuusa 2009.<ref name="1R"/><ref name="2R"/> Yaweerezaako nga ssentebe w'olukiiko lwa NRM olulonzi, nga [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|omubaka wa palamenti owa munisipaali y'e Kabale era yaweereza nga]] [[:en:United_Nations_Environment_Program|pulezidenti w'olukiiko olufuzi olwa United Nations Environment Program]] (UNEP).Mu Julayi 2006, Rugunda yakulemberamu ttimu ya Uganda okuteesa ne [[:en:Juba|Juba]] okussaawo emirembe n'aksbinja kabayeekera aka [[:en:Lord's_Resistance_Army|Lord's Resistance Army]].<ref name="5R">https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1166009/rugunda-lra-meet-peace-talks-plan</ref><ref name="6R">https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1166009/rugunda-lra-meet-peace-talks-plan</ref> Mu mwezi ogusooka 2009, yalondebwa nga omukiise wa Uganda ow'enkalakkalira mu mukago gwa mawanga amagatte . Mu kiseera kyekimu ekifo kyalinnyisibwa nadda ku ddala ly'o bwaminisita mu Uganda. Yaweerezaako nga [[:en:President_of_the_Security_Council|pulezidenti w'olukiiko olukuumi]] mu Julayi 2009 ne mu Octoba 2010 [[:en:Security_Council|olukiiko olukuumi]] lwe lwali olw'ekkekwa okumala emyaka 2.<ref name="7R">https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1211928/uganda-ready-security-council-chair</ref> Rugunda yalondebwa nga Katikkiro nga 18 Septemba 2014.<ref name="1R"/><ref name="2R"/> == Obulamu bwe == [[File:The Prime Minister of Uganda, Mr. Ruhakana Rugunda and his spouse, Mrs. Jocelyn Rugunda calling on the Vice President, Shri M. Hamid Ansari, in New Delhi on March 10, 2017. Smt. Salma Ansari is also seen.jpg|thumb| '''Ruhakana Rugunda ne mukyala we ,Jocelyn Rugunda ne vice pulezidenti shri M Ansari mu New Delhi''']] Rugunda yawasa Jocelyn Rugunda era nga bazadde ba baana abalenzi 4 .Mu biseera bye eby'eddembe anyumirwa [[:en:Reading_(process)|okusoma]], [[:en:Tennis|okuzannya tenis]]<nowiki/>i [[:en:Chess_(game)|n'omweso]]. == Na bino == * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] * [[:en:Cabinet_of_Uganda|Olukiiko llw'eggwanga Uganda]] * [[:en:Kabale_District|Disitulikiti y'e Kabale]] == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}} == External links == * [http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/1170806/-/c0y8sbz/-/index.html Full List of Cabinet Ministers May 2011] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20161007121926/http://www.monitor.co.ug/blob/view/-/3235304/data/1345443/-/3o16hn/-/Museveni%27s+cabinet.pdf Museveni’s New Cabinet List At 6 June 2016] {{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=[[Amama Mbabazi]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Prime Minister of Uganda]]|years=2014–2020}} {{s-aft|after=[[Robinah Nabbanja]]}} {{s-end}}{{UgandaPMs}}{{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rugunda, Ruhakana}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda]] mxnp0v24f819bx8qnes1lieo1yxqg9t 0 8527 75796 75605 2026-10-01T02:19:48Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75796 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Emmanuel Arnold Okwi''' eyazaalibwa nga 25 Ogwekuminebiri mu 1992, munayuganda [[:en:Association_football|azannya omupiira]] gw'ensiimbi ng'ayita kuludda lwa kkono mu [[:en:Egyptian_Premier_League|liigi yababinywera eya Misiri]] mu kiraabu ya [[:en:Al_Ittihad_Alexandria_Club|Al Ittihad Alexandria Club]] ne [[:en:Uganda_national_football_team|ttiimu y'eggwanga lya Uganda.]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-15 |title=Player Profile: Emmanuel Okwi |url=https://sports.mtn.co.ug/2023/06/15/player-profile-emmanuel-okwi/ |access-date=2026-09-28 |website=MTN Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> == Kiraabu z'abaddemu == Okwi yazannyirako mu kiraabu ya [[:en:SC_Villa|SC Villa]] [[:en:Uganda_Premier_League|ey'ekibinja kya babinywera ekya Uganda]], nga tanaba kwegata ku [[:en:Simba_S.C.|Simba S.C]] ttiimu y'e Tanzania ku muwendo gwa 40,000 owa doola za ssente za Amerika.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiyonga |first=Ismael |title=Emma Okwi set to join Orlando Pirates in a record transfer |url=http://kawowo.com/index.php/football/1492-emma-okwi-to-tranfer-to-south-africa.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120623091057/http://kawowo.com/index.php/football/1492-emma-okwi-to-tranfer-to-south-africa.html |archive-date=2012-06-23 |access-date=2026-09-28 |website=Kawowo Sports Media |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu mu 2013 Ogwolubereberye, ttiimu y'e Tunisia emannyikiddwa nga [[:en:Étoile_Sportive_du_Sahel|Étoile Sportive du Sahel]] yawa Okwi endagaano ku muwendo ogwatekawo lidi mu Tanzania ogwa doola za ssente za Amerika 300,000.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Okwi Joins Etoile Du Sahel |url=https://www.supersport.com/football/tanzania/news/130116/Okwi_Joins_Etoile_Du_Sahel |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190227060214/https://www.supersport.com/football/tanzania/news/130116/Okwi_Joins_Etoile_Du_Sahel |archive-date=2019-02-27 |access-date=2026-09-28 |language=en-ZA |url-status=live}}</ref> Wabula ttiimu yalemererwa okusasula ssente zino eri Simba S.C. Yeegyerezebwa abakakiiko ka [[:en:FIFA|FIFA]] akavunaanyizibwa ku bikwatagana n'abasambi mu 2013 Ogwekumineebiri ekyamuleetera okukomawo mu SC Villa<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tanzania's Simba claims to 'own' Okwi |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/mobile/Detail.aspx?NewsID=648729&CatID=5 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150712062755/http://www.newvision.co.ug/mobile/Detail.aspx?NewsID=648729&CatID=5 |archive-date=2015-07-12 |access-date=2026-09-28 |website=www.newvision.co.ug |url-status=live}}</ref>, nga wadde bamutereeza oluvannyuma lw'emyezi ebbiri okusobola okuzannyira aba [[:en:Young_Africans_S.C.|Young Africans S.C.]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.redpepper.co.ug/okwi-delighted-after-fifa-clearance |access-date=2022-12-12 |archive-date=2022-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212175858/https://redpepper.co.ug/okwi-delighted-after-fifa-clearance/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> nga wadde Simba S.C. yali ereetawo kiremya s protests.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.redpepper.co.ug/kiiza-fifa-cleared-okwi-move-to-tanzanian-club |access-date=2022-12-12 |archive-date=2022-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212175850/https://redpepper.co.ug/kiiza-fifa-cleared-okwi-move-to-tanzanian-club/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Okwi rejoined Simba S.C. in August 2014 under a six-month contract, explaining that Young Africans S.C. had terminated his contract by failing to pay the US$50,000 owed to him. Okwi refused to play the last five games of the 2013–14 season for Young Africans because of the payment controversy.<ref name="Plug" /> Young Africans vigorously protested the transfer to Simba S.C. and claimed that the contract was still in effect.<ref name="Plug" /> The Tanzania Football Federation rejected that claim in September 2014. Mu 2015, Ogwomusanvu, kiraabu ya [[:en:SønderjyskE_Fodbold|SønderjyskE Fodbold]] yawa Okwi endagaano ya myaaka etaano,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.kawowo.com/index.php/football/item/22550-emmanuel-okwi-signs-for-sonderjyske-fodbold.html |access-date=2023-07-13 |archive-date=2015-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711035935/http://www.kawowo.com/index.php/football/item/22550-emmanuel-okwi-signs-for-sonderjyske-fodbold.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ng'afunye olukusa okuva mu kiraabu ya Simba S.C.,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://news.ugo.co.ug/okwi-signs-five-year-contract-with-sonderjyske-of-denmark |access-date=2022-12-12 |archive-date=2022-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306201204/http://news.ugo.co.ug/okwi-signs-five-year-contract-with-sonderjyske-of-denmark |url-status=dead }}</ref> teyali ey'okuwangaala okutuusa mu 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=soenderjyske.dk – soenderjyske.dk |url=https://soenderjyske.dk/ |access-date=2026-09-28 |website=soenderjyske.dk}}</ref> Mu 2017 Ogwolubereberye, Okwi yakiriziganya okusazaamu endagaano eno. Yali yakateeba ggoolo ggoolo bbiri mu nzannya omukaaga.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Emmanuel Okwi joins Simba |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1456388/emmanuel-okwi-joins-simba |access-date=2026-09-28 |work=New Vision |language=en-UG}}</ref> Nga yakava mu Denmark, Okwi ryaddamu okwegata ku kiraabu gyeyalimu eya SC Villa, kwetateekera omukono kunagaano ey'emyaka omukaaga. Yateeba ggoolo 10 mu mipiira gya liigi ya Uganda eya babinywera 13.<ref name="villa3">{{cite web|last1=Ssenoga|first1=Shafik|title=Emmanuel Okwi joins Simba|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1456388/emmanuel-okwi-joins-simba|publisher=New Vision|access-date=16 July 2019|date=26 June 2017}}</ref> Mu 2017 ogwoukaaga, Okwi yateeka omukono kundagaano ne kiraabu ya Simba S.C. omulundi ogw'okusatu mu by'emirimu gye, nga bakiriziganyiza endagaano ya myaka ebbiri.<ref name="villa3"/> Mu 2019 Ogwomusanvu, oluvannyuma l[[:en:2019_Africa_Cup_of_Nations|w'okukakasa mu mpaka ezeetabibwamu amawanga g'okulukalo lwa Afrika eza 2019]], Okwi yeegata ku [[:en:Egyptian_Premier_League|liigi ya Misiri eyababinywera]] mu kiraabu ya [[:en:Al_Ittihad_Alexandria_Club|Al Ittihad]] kundagaano ya myaka ebbiri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Egypt's Ittihad of Alexandria sign Uganda striker Okwi - Egyptian Football - Sports |url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/6/51/342051/Sports/Egyptian-Football/Egypts-Ittihad-of-Alexandria-sign-Uganda-striker-O.aspx |access-date=2026-09-28 |website=Ahram Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Egypt's Ittihad of Alexandria sign Uganda striker Okwi - Egyptian Football - Sports |url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/6/51/342051/Sports/Egyptian-Football/Egypts-Ittihad-of-Alexandria-sign-Uganda-striker-O.aspx |access-date=2026-09-28 |website=Ahram Online}}</ref> == Ku ttiimu y'Eggwanga == Okwi yasooka okukiikirira Uganda ku daala ly'abakulu mu 2009. Yali wakubiri mu baasinga okuteeba mu mpaka ezeetabibwamu [[:en:2010_CECAFA_Cup|amawanga okuva mu buvanjuba ne mumasekati ga Afrika mu 2010,]] ng'ateebye ggoolo nnya mu mipiira etaano,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/30/740959|title=Tanzania are CECAFA champions|author=Mubiru, Abdallah|work=New Vision|location=Uganda|date=13 December 2010|access-date=5 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101216021411/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/30/740959|archive-date=16 December 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> nga yasibagana n'omuzannyi enzaalwa za Rwanda [[:en:Meddie_Kagere|Meddie Kagere]] ne kapiteeni waabwe [[:en:Olivier_Karekezi|Olivier Karekezi]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/index.php?i=14836&a=10942|title=Third time unlucky|author=Mugabe, Bonnie|work=The New Times|location=Rwanda|date=11 December 2011|access-date=2 December 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203023734/http://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/index.php?i=14836&a=10942|archive-date=3 December 2013}}</ref>Yalangireiera mu butongole nga bwawummude okuzannyira ttiimu y'Eggwanga nga 18 Ogwokusatu 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-20 |title=Okwi, another case of unfulfilled potential |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/okwi-another-case-of-unfulfilled-potential--4973188 |access-date=2026-09-28 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe == Okwi yakula yeegomba okubeera nga [[:en:Thierry_Henry|Thierry Henry,]] ng'era muwagizi wa [[:en:Arsenal_F.C.|Arsenal F.C.]] Okwi yazaalinwa mu maka agalimu [[:en:Roman_Catholic_Church|ediini y'abakatuliki b'e Rooma,]] naye nga kumyaka emito, maama [[:en:Born_Again_Christian|weyalokoka]] era n'akuza abaana bbe munzikiriza eyo.Okwi yawasa omuwala gweyali aludde naye nga baagalana Florence Nakalegga nga bombi balina omwaka omu.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xtheline.co.uk/football-emmanuel-okwi/|publisher=Cross The Line|title=Ugandan striker, Emmanuel Okwi: "People thought I have this mohawk because I use witchcraft"|first=Liam|last=Flint|date=12 March 2017|access-date=7 June 2017|archive-date=16 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516164028/http://www.xtheline.co.uk/football-emmanuel-okwi/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Okwi yazannya omupiira ng'omulenzi omuto bweyali akyasomera ku [[:en:St._Henry's_College_Kitovu|St. Henry's College Kitovu]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=2019-07-09 |title=Emmanuel Okwi: Uganda Cranes top scorer at AFCON in advanced talks with top tier United Arab Emirates club |url=https://kawowo.com/2019/07/10/uganda-cranes-top-scorer-at-afcon-2019-okwi-in-advanced-talks-with-top-tier-united-arab-emirates-club/ |access-date=2026-09-28 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebibalo gy'abadde azannyira == === Ku mutendera gw'ensi yonna === {{updated|match played 18 June 2023}}<ref name="NFT">{{NFT|30515|access-date=31 August 2017}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Emipiira gy'azannyidde ttiimu y'eggwanga ne ggoolo z'ateebye wamu n'omwaka !Ttiimu y'eggwanga !Omwaka !Emirundi gy'azannye !Ggoolo z'ateebye |- | rowspan="15" |Uganda |2009 |7 |1 |- |2010 |6 |4 |- |2011 |6 |5 |- |2012 |12 |3 |- |2013 |10 |5 |- |2014 |5 |0 |- |2015 |0 |0 |- |2016 |6 |0 |- |2017 |8 |1 |- |2018 |8 |2 |- |2019 |11 |5 |- |2020 |2 |0 |- |2021 |6 |0 |- |2022 |4 |2 |- |2023 |4 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Omugatte !95 !28 |} : ''Ggoolo z'ateebye n'olukalala lwa ggoolo z'ateebedde Uganda, olunyiriri olusooka lulaga buli ggoolo Okwi gy'ateebye.'' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Olukalalal lwa ggoolo ezaatebebwa Emmanuel Okwi ! scope="col" |Namba ! scope="col" |Enaku z'omwezi ! scope="col" |Ekifo ! scope="col" |Gwebaali bazannya ! scope="col" |Ggoolo ezaateebwa ! scope="col" |Engeri gyegwagwaamu ! scope="col" |Competition |- | align="center" |1 |Nga 13, Ogwekumineebiri mu 2009 |Nyayo National Stadium, Nairobi, Kenya | Rwanda | align="center" |2–0 | align="center" |2–0 |2009 CECAFA Cup |- | align="center" |2 |Nga 2, Ogwekumineebiri mu 2010 |Benjamin Mkapa National Stadium, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania | Malawi | align="center" |1–1 | align="center" |1–1 |2010 CECAFA Cup |- | align="center" |3 |Nga 5, Ogwekumineebiri mu 2010 |Benjamin Mkapa National Stadium, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania | Kenya | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |2–1 |2010 CECAFA Cup |- | align="center" |4 |Nga 8 Ogwekumineebiri mu 2010 |Benjamin Mkapa National Stadium, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania | Zanzibar | align="center" |2–1 | align="center" |2–2 |2010 CECAFA Cup |- | align="center" |5 |Nga 12 Ogwekumineebiri mu 2010 |Benjamin Mkapa National Stadium, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania | Ethiopia | align="center" |2–2 | align="center" |4–3 |2010 CECAFA Cup |- | align="center" |6 | rowspan="3" |Nga 28 Ogwekuminoogumu mu 2011 | rowspan="3" |Chamazi Stadium, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania | rowspan="3" | Somalia | align="center" |2–0 | rowspan="3" align="center" |4–0 | rowspan="3" |2011 CECAFA Cup |- | align="center" |7 | align="center" |3–0 |- | align="center" |8 | align="center" |4–0 |- | align="center" |9 |Nga 8, Ogwekumineebiri mu 2011 |Benjamin Mkapa National Stadium, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania | Tanzania | align="center" |2–1 | align="center" |3–1 |2011 CECAFA Cup |- | align="center" |10 |Nga 10, Ogwekumineebiri mu 2011 |Benjamin Mkapa National Stadium, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania | Rwanda | align="center" |2–2 | align="center" |2–2 |2011 CECAFA Cup |- | align="center" |11 |Nga 3, Ogwomukaaga mu 2012 |Estádio 11 de Novembro, Luanda, Angola | Angola | align="center" |1–1 | align="center" |1–1 |2014 FIFA World Cup qualification |- | align="center" |12 |Nga 16, Ogwomukaaga mu 2012 |[[Ekisaawe ky'eggwanga ekya Mandela|Mandela National Stadium]], [[Kampala]], Uganda | Congo | align="center" |4–0 | align="center" |4–0 |2013 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |- | align="center" |13 |Nga 6, Ogwekumineebiri mu 2012 |Mandela National Stadium, Kampala, Uganda | Tanzania | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |3–0 |2012 CECAFA Cup |- | align="center" |14 |Nga 15 Ogwomukaaga mu 2013 |Mandela National Stadium, Kampala, Uganda | Angola | align="center" |1–1 | align="center" |2–1 |2014 FIFA World Cup qualification |- | align="center" |15 | rowspan="2" |Nga 31 Ogwomunaana mu 2013 | rowspan="2" |Botswana National Stadium, Gaborone, Botswana | rowspan="2" | Botswana | align="center" |1–0 | rowspan="2" align="center" |3–1 | rowspan="2" |Friendly |- | align="center" |16 | align="center" |2–0 |- | align="center" |17 | rowspan="2" |Nga 2, Ogwekumineebiri mu 2013 | rowspan="2" |Nairobi City Stadium, Nairobi, Kenya | rowspan="2" | Eritrea | align="center" |1–0 | rowspan="2" align="center" |3–0 | rowspan="2" |2013 CECAFA Cup |- | align="center" |18 | align="center" |3–0 |- | align="center" |19 |Nga 31, Ogwomunaana mu 2017 |Mandela National Stadium, Kampala, Uganda | Egypt | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–0 |2018 FIFA World Cup qualification |- | align="center" |20 | rowspan="2" |Nga 13 Ogwekumi mu 2018 | rowspan="2" |Mandela National Stadium, Kampala, Uganda | rowspan="2" | Lesotho | align="center" |1–0 | rowspan="2" align="center" |3–0 | rowspan="2" |2019 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |- | align="center" |21 | align="center" |3–0 |- | align="center" |22 |Nga 22 Ogwomukaaga mu 2019 |Cairo International Stadium, Cairo, Egypt | DR Congo | align="center" |2–0 | align="center" |2–0 |2019 Africa Cup of Nations |- | align="center" |23 |Nga 26 Ogwomukaaga mu 2019 |Cairo International Stadium, Cairo, Egypt | Zimbabwe | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–1 |2019 Africa Cup of Nations |- | align="center" |24 |Nga 8 Ogwomwenda mu 2019 |Moi International Sports Centre, Nairobi, Kenya | Kenya | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–1 |Friendly |- | align="center" |25 |Nga 13 Ogwekumi mu 2019 |Bahir Dar Stadium, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia | Ethiopia | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–0 |Friendly |- | align="center" |26 |Nga 17, Ogwekuminoogumu mu 2019 |Mandela National Stadium, Kampala, Uganda | Malawi | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |2–0 |2021 Africa Cup of Nations qualification |- | align="center" |27 |Nga 25, Ogwokusatu mu 2022 |Markaziy Stadium, Namangan, Uzbekistan | Tajikistan | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |1–1 |2022 Nowruz Cup |- | align="center" |28 |Nga 29, Ogwokusatu mu 2022 |Markaziy Stadium, Namangan, Uzbekistan | Uzbekistan | align="center" |2–4 | align="center" |2–4 |2022 Nowruz Cup |} == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}} == Ewalala w'oyinza okubigya == * Emmanuel Okwi ku mukutu gwa National-Football-Teams.com 1ndbmn93dnygideh1iyx0ktlh4wq2vc 0 10130 75707 74926 2026-09-30T12:55:02Z P.Kay256 11926 removed external links 75707 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Jessica Eriyo''' (26 Ogwomunaana 1969 – 12 Ogwomunaana 2022) [[Munnayuganda]], musomesa, munnabyabufuzi era akiikirira eggwanga mu ggwanga eddala. Yaweereza nga omumyuka w'omukulembeze w'akakiiko ka [[:en:East_African_Community|East African Community]], (EAC), avunaanyizibwa kulinyisa sekita y'ebyenjigiriza. Yalondebwa mu kifo ekyo nga 30 Ogwokuna 2012. == Obuto bwe n'emisomo gye == Eriyo yazaalibwa mu [[:en:Adjumani_District|Disitulikiti y'e Adjumani]] nga 26 Ogwomunaana 1969. Yafuna Diguli esooka eya Bachelor of Arts in [[:en:Social_science|social science]] ne Dipuloma mu busomesa. Era yalina Satifikeeti bbiri; eya project planning and management ne satifiketi mu byuma bikalimagezi eya certificate in [[:en:Computer_science|computer science]]. Yaweebwa Diguli ey'okubiri mu By'enkulakulana eya Master of Arts degree mu [[:en:Development_studies|development studies]] okuva ku [[:en:Makerere_University|Ssentendekero wa Makerere]].<ref name="Arusha">{{Cite web |url=http://www.eac.int/sg/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=72%3Adsg-productive-and-social-sectors&catid=30%3Adeputy-sgs&Itemid=76 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-29 |archive-date=2015-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217185949/http://www.eac.int/sg/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=72%3Adsg-productive-and-social-sectors&catid=30%3Adeputy-sgs&Itemid=76 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/200607030604.html</ref> == Emirimu gye egy'asooka == Mu 1994, Eriyo yakola ng'omusomesa wa sekendule ku [[:en:Kololo_Senior_Secondary_School|Kololo Senior Secondary School]] [[File:Administration Block at Kololo Senior Secondary School, Kampala.jpg|thumb|'''Administration Block at Kololo Senior Secondary School, Kampala''']] mu [[:en:Kololo|Kololo]], ekisangibwa mu [[Kampala]], ekibuga kya Uganda era ekisinga obunene mu Ggwanga.<ref name="MPs">http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1148030/nominees-await-mps-eur-approval-taking-offices</ref> Wakati wa 1998 ne 1999, yali musomesa ku Our Lady Consolata Senior Secondary School. Yaweereza nga akwasaganya emiwndo gy'abantu mu [[:en:Adjumani_District|Disitulikiti y'e Adjumani]], okuva mu 1999 okutuusa mu 2001. == Emirimu gye egy'ebyobufuzi == Yayingira mu by'obufuzi mu 2001, okuvuganya ku [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|kifo ky'omubaka wa Paalamenti]] omukazi owa Disitulikiti y'e Adjumani. Yawangula era n'addamu nalondebwa mu 2006 ku kaadi yekibiina kya [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]], era yaweereza mu Paalamenti okutuusa 2011. Mu [[:en:2011_Ugandan_general_election|kalulu k'eggwanga aka 2011]], Yafiirwa ekifo kye eri [[:en:Jesca_Ababiku|Jesca Ababiku]], ey'esimbawo ng'atalina kibiina.<ref name="Lost">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/Elections/-/859108/1120380/-/k3lbft/-/index.html |access-date=2023-03-29 |archive-date=2019-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306190322/https://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/Elections/-/859108/1120380/-/k3lbft/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Okulonda kwa 2011 ! colspan="4" |[[:en:2011_Ugandan_general_election|Okulonda kwa Uganda okwa bonna okwa 2011]]: Omubaka omukazi akiikirira [[:en:Adjumani_District|Disitulikiti y'e Adjumani]] |- !Ekibiina !Abeesimbyewo !Obululu !% |- |Talina kibiina |Jesca Ababiku |17,037 |51.38 |- |[[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] |Jesca Osuna Eriyo |14,231 |42.92 |- |[[:en:Forum_for_Democratic_Change|Forum for Democratic Change]] |Hellen Achan |1,145 |3.45 |- |Talina kibiina |Mamawi Josephine Ujjeo |732 |2.21 |} Eriyo yaweereza nga [[:en:Ministry_of_Water_and_Environment_(Uganda)|Minisita omubeezi ow'abutonde]] mu [[:en:Cabinet_of_Uganda|Kabinenti ya Uganda]], okuva mu 2006 okutuusa 2011. Mu kukyusibwa ka Kabinenti nga 27 Ogwokutaano 2011,<ref name="List">{{Cite web |title=Đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký để xem |url=https://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150208384704078&comments |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240729080638/https://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150208384704078&comments |archive-date=2024-07-29 |access-date=2026-09-16 |website=www.facebook.com |language=vi |url-status=live }}</ref> yawandulwa nasikizibwa [[:en:Flavia_Munaaba|Flavia Munaaba]].<ref name="List" /> Mu Gwokuna 2012, Eriyo yalondebwa ku ky'omumyuka w'aomukulembeze w'ebyenkulakulana mu sekita y'ebyenjigiriza mu [[:en:East_African_Community|East African Community]]. Yadda mu bigere bya Beatrice Kiraso, Munnayuganda omulala eyaweereza mu kifo ekyo wakati w'oGwokuna 2006 n'Ogwokuna 2012.<ref name="Arusha" /> == Ebimukwatako eby'omunda == Eriyo yafiira mu Ddwaliro lya Kkookolo erya [[:en:MD_Anderson_Cancer_Center|MD Anderson Cancer Center]] mu [[:en:Houston|Houston]], United States, gye yali afunira obujjanjabi bw'ekirwadde kya Kkookolo nga 12 Ogwomunaana 2022, ku myaka 52.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-13 |title=Former environment minister Jesca Eriyo is dead |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/former-environment-minister-jesca-eriyo-is-dead-3913078 |access-date=2026-09-16 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Laba ne == == Ebikulu == <references group="lower-alpha" responsive="1"></references> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references responsive="1"></references> == External links == * Website of the Parliament of Uganda * Website of the East African Community * Full Ministerial Cabinet List, June 2006  * Full Ministerial Cabinet List, February 2009  * Full Ministerial Cabinet List, May 2011. [[Category:Bannayuganda abasomesa]] [[Category:Abasomesa]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda]] k92libs8spqj7g1ircoz3csmlxrocx5 75708 75707 2026-09-30T12:57:29Z P.Kay256 11926 added a databox 75708 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Jessica Eriyo''' (26 Ogwomunaana 1969 – 12 Ogwomunaana 2022) [[Munnayuganda]], musomesa, munnabyabufuzi era akiikirira eggwanga mu ggwanga eddala. Yaweereza nga omumyuka w'omukulembeze w'akakiiko ka [[:en:East_African_Community|East African Community]], (EAC), avunaanyizibwa kulinyisa sekita y'ebyenjigiriza. Yalondebwa mu kifo ekyo nga 30 Ogwokuna 2012. == Obuto bwe n'emisomo gye == Eriyo yazaalibwa mu [[:en:Adjumani_District|Disitulikiti y'e Adjumani]] nga 26 Ogwomunaana 1969. Yafuna Diguli esooka eya Bachelor of Arts in [[:en:Social_science|social science]] ne Dipuloma mu busomesa. Era yalina Satifikeeti bbiri; eya project planning and management ne satifiketi mu byuma bikalimagezi eya certificate in [[:en:Computer_science|computer science]]. Yaweebwa Diguli ey'okubiri mu By'enkulakulana eya Master of Arts degree mu [[:en:Development_studies|development studies]] okuva ku [[:en:Makerere_University|Ssentendekero wa Makerere]].<ref name="Arusha">{{Cite web |url=http://www.eac.int/sg/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=72%3Adsg-productive-and-social-sectors&catid=30%3Adeputy-sgs&Itemid=76 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-29 |archive-date=2015-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150217185949/http://www.eac.int/sg/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=72%3Adsg-productive-and-social-sectors&catid=30%3Adeputy-sgs&Itemid=76 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/200607030604.html</ref> == Emirimu gye egy'asooka == Mu 1994, Eriyo yakola ng'omusomesa wa sekendule ku [[:en:Kololo_Senior_Secondary_School|Kololo Senior Secondary School]] [[File:Administration Block at Kololo Senior Secondary School, Kampala.jpg|thumb|'''Administration Block at Kololo Senior Secondary School, Kampala''']] mu [[:en:Kololo|Kololo]], ekisangibwa mu [[Kampala]], ekibuga kya Uganda era ekisinga obunene mu Ggwanga.<ref name="MPs">http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1148030/nominees-await-mps-eur-approval-taking-offices</ref> Wakati wa 1998 ne 1999, yali musomesa ku Our Lady Consolata Senior Secondary School. Yaweereza nga akwasaganya emiwndo gy'abantu mu [[:en:Adjumani_District|Disitulikiti y'e Adjumani]], okuva mu 1999 okutuusa mu 2001. == Emirimu gye egy'ebyobufuzi == Yayingira mu by'obufuzi mu 2001, okuvuganya ku [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|kifo ky'omubaka wa Paalamenti]] omukazi owa Disitulikiti y'e Adjumani. Yawangula era n'addamu nalondebwa mu 2006 ku kaadi yekibiina kya [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]], era yaweereza mu Paalamenti okutuusa 2011. Mu [[:en:2011_Ugandan_general_election|kalulu k'eggwanga aka 2011]], Yafiirwa ekifo kye eri [[:en:Jesca_Ababiku|Jesca Ababiku]], ey'esimbawo ng'atalina kibiina.<ref name="Lost">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/Elections/-/859108/1120380/-/k3lbft/-/index.html |access-date=2023-03-29 |archive-date=2019-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306190322/https://www.monitor.co.ug/SpecialReports/Elections/-/859108/1120380/-/k3lbft/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Okulonda kwa 2011 ! colspan="4" |[[:en:2011_Ugandan_general_election|Okulonda kwa Uganda okwa bonna okwa 2011]]: Omubaka omukazi akiikirira [[:en:Adjumani_District|Disitulikiti y'e Adjumani]] |- !Ekibiina !Abeesimbyewo !Obululu !% |- |Talina kibiina |Jesca Ababiku |17,037 |51.38 |- |[[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] |Jesca Osuna Eriyo |14,231 |42.92 |- |[[:en:Forum_for_Democratic_Change|Forum for Democratic Change]] |Hellen Achan |1,145 |3.45 |- |Talina kibiina |Mamawi Josephine Ujjeo |732 |2.21 |} Eriyo yaweereza nga [[:en:Ministry_of_Water_and_Environment_(Uganda)|Minisita omubeezi ow'abutonde]] mu [[:en:Cabinet_of_Uganda|Kabinenti ya Uganda]], okuva mu 2006 okutuusa 2011. Mu kukyusibwa ka Kabinenti nga 27 Ogwokutaano 2011,<ref name="List">{{Cite web |title=Đăng nhập hoặc đăng ký để xem |url=https://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150208384704078&comments |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240729080638/https://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150208384704078&comments |archive-date=2024-07-29 |access-date=2026-09-16 |website=www.facebook.com |language=vi |url-status=live }}</ref> yawandulwa nasikizibwa [[:en:Flavia_Munaaba|Flavia Munaaba]].<ref name="List" /> Mu Gwokuna 2012, Eriyo yalondebwa ku ky'omumyuka w'aomukulembeze w'ebyenkulakulana mu sekita y'ebyenjigiriza mu [[:en:East_African_Community|East African Community]]. Yadda mu bigere bya Beatrice Kiraso, Munnayuganda omulala eyaweereza mu kifo ekyo wakati w'oGwokuna 2006 n'Ogwokuna 2012.<ref name="Arusha" /> == Ebimukwatako eby'omunda == Eriyo yafiira mu Ddwaliro lya Kkookolo erya [[:en:MD_Anderson_Cancer_Center|MD Anderson Cancer Center]] mu [[:en:Houston|Houston]], United States, gye yali afunira obujjanjabi bw'ekirwadde kya Kkookolo nga 12 Ogwomunaana 2022, ku myaka 52.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-13 |title=Former environment minister Jesca Eriyo is dead |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/former-environment-minister-jesca-eriyo-is-dead-3913078 |access-date=2026-09-16 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Laba ne == == Ebikulu == <references group="lower-alpha" responsive="1"></references> == Ebijuliziddwa == <references responsive="1"></references> == External links == * Website of the Parliament of Uganda * Website of the East African Community * Full Ministerial Cabinet List, June 2006  * Full Ministerial Cabinet List, February 2009  * Full Ministerial Cabinet List, May 2011. [[Category:Bannayuganda abasomesa]] [[Category:Abasomesa]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda]] bsm6z20zeb2sb4uadj5tpl8y0ib33io 0 10150 75828 72077 2026-10-01T09:37:28Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75828 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Sarah Ssali''', Munnaganda [[:en:Social_scientist|munnasayansi w'embeela]] (social scientist), [[:en:Researcher|munoonyereza]], [[:en:Academic_administrator|muyivu]] era [[:en:Academic_administrator|mukulembeze w'abayivu]], nga [[:en:Associate_professor|mukenkufu]] (associate professor) era [[:en:Dean_(academic)|dean]] we somero lya School of Gender Studies ku [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Yunivasitte y'eMakerere]], Yunivasitte ya Gavumenti esinga obukulu n'obunene mu Uganda.<ref name="1R">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://chuss.mak.ac.ug/news/dr-sarah-ssali-appointed-ag-dean-school-women-and-gender-studies |access-date=2024-03-28 |archive-date=2024-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240328125659/https://chuss.mak.ac.ug/news/dr-sarah-ssali-appointed-ag-dean-school-women-and-gender-studies |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="2R">http://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Makerere-holds-gender-identity-week-empower-rural-women/689842-4326536-14bay8q/index.html</ref> == Ebimukwatako n'emisomo == Ssali yazaalibwa mu [[:en:Central_Region,_Uganda|bitundu bya Buganda]] mu Uganda. Nga amaliriza emisomo gya Pulayimale ne Siniya, yayingizibwa mu [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Yunivasitte y'eMakerere]], mu kibuga kya Uganda ekikulu, [[Kampala]]. Yatikibwa mu 1992, ne diguli ya [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Bachelor of Arts]] in [[:en:Social_Sciences|Social Sciences]].<ref name="1R"/><ref name="3R">https://www.linkedin.com/in/sarah-ssali-41417125/</ref> Yagenda mu maaso n'okufuna diguli ya [[:en:Master_of_Arts|Master of Arts]] degree in [[:en:Gender_studies|Gender Studies]] ku Yunivasitte y'eMakerere University mu 1999. Oluvannyuma, yafuna diguli ya [[:en:Doctor_of_Philosophy|Doctor of Philosophy]] mu [[:en:International_health|International Health Studies]] okuva mu [[:en:Queen_Margaret_University|Queen Margaret University]], mu [[:en:Scotland|Edinburgh]], Scotland.<ref name="1R"/><ref name="3R"/><ref name="4R">https://web.archive.org/web/20181019001811/https://www.qmu.ac.uk/news-and-events/news/20151123-2-interview-with-qmu-graduate-sarah-ssali/</ref> == Emirimu == Ssali social scientist owolulango alina likodi ennene okutandika mumwaaka gya 1990 egisembayo. Ebifo bye byateekamu esira biri [[:en:AIDS|HIV/AIDS]], Gender, Reproductive Health, Ensengekera z'ebyobulamu (Health Systems), Public Policy and Politics. lisaakyi wa Ssali asinga obunji ateeka nyo esiira kumbeera ezeekwese era eziri non-heteronormative behaviors nekububinja obutono.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://womenstudies.mak.ac.ug/dr-ssali-sarah |access-date=2023-04-01 |archive-date=2021-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428093022/https://womenstudies.mak.ac.ug/dr-ssali-sarah |url-status=dead }}</ref> Lisaakyi we ateleedwa ku nsi ye Uganda, naye abaamu ensi za [[Afirika]] endala n'awanga gewala, omuli Europe ne North America.<ref name="1R"/> Ejyimu ku mirimu gye mwemuli (1) okubuulilrira okw'eddembe ku HIV(Voluntary HIV counselling) n'okweekebeza mubasajja mu byaalo by'ebugwanjuba bwa Uganda: Ebiteekebwa mukola okuziyiza HIV.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2529297</ref> (2) Gender, economic precarity and Uganda government’s covid-19 response.<ref>{{Cite journal|issue=287–308}}</ref> (3) Okukozesa eby'afaanyo bye by'obulamu okwetegereza ensonga z'obutatabanguko mu Disitulikitti ye [[Gulu (disitulikit)|Gulu]], mumambuka ga Uganda: Ebiteekebwawo okuzimba obulamu obujja okuva mu butabanguko.<ref>{{Cite journal|issue=81–98}}</ref> (4) Ensonga lwaki abalwadde baakawuka ka mukenenya baayatula mulujjedde mu Uganda: omusomo gw'okugezesa.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3826576</ref> (5) Eneyisa y'abakozi be by'obulamu muntababuvawamu nga bali wansi w'entababuvobwawamu ezegasse okudukanya endwadde mu batto mu buvanjjuba bwa Uganda.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3480882</ref> (6) Ensengekera z'ebyobulamu bwabantu nzibe? okukebera enzimba buto ey'ensengekera z'obulamu bwa bantu mubifo ebyakosebwa obutabanguko.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6116483</ref> (7) Ebola munsonga yebifo ebyakosebwa mu butabanguko n'ensegenkera z'ebyobulamu: ebisomedwaako ebya mumambuka ga Uganda ne Sierra Leone.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4529686</ref> == Famire == Professor Sarah Ssali muzadde omufumbo.<ref name="4R"/> == Obukiiko bwalimu nga mmemba == * World Bank's Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) Advisory Task Force (UG) * Mengo Hospital Research Review Committee * The National Bio-Safety Committee of the Uganda National Council of Science and Technology * International Association for Feminist Economics * Makerere University Council * Makerere University Appointments Board * Makerere University Quality Assurance Committee * Makerere University Students’ Welfare and Disciplinary Committee (Chair) * South Africa Sociological Association (SASA) * Uganda British Alumni Association (UBAA)<ref name=":0"/> Ku kakiiko ka Yunivasitte y'eMakerere, Ssali akiikirira abasomesa.<ref name="1R"/> Era mmemba wa ReBUILD Research Consortium, eya Queen Mary University mu Edinburgh, Scotland.<ref name="4R"/> Professor Ssali mmemba w'akakiiko akawabuzi aka "The Next Generation Social Sciences in Africa Program", amaanyi agagatiddwa wakati waba na Sayansi mu kunoonyereza n'obuyizi mu Afirika ne United States.<ref name="5R">{{Cite web |url=http://nextgen.ssrc.org/about/advisory-board/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120140948/http://nextgen.ssrc.org/about/advisory-board/ |archive-date=2021-11-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Stella Nyanzi]] * [[Sylvia Tamale]] * [[Zahara Nampewo]] == Ebijulizidwaamu == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Buganda]] htjubhosupl1zzmg5jfi8ek6cc3xc4i 0 10615 75821 40188 2026-10-01T08:47:50Z Wiki.lukron 11854 converted reference and removed a link 75821 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox biography vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;" |<div class="fn" style="display:inline-block">Loy Katali</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Born | class="infobox-data" |12 October 1975 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Nationality | class="infobox-data category" |Ugandan |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Citizenship | class="infobox-data category" |Ugandan |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Education | class="infobox-data" |Bachelor's degree in commerce and Masters of Business Administration from Makerere University |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Occupation(s) | class="infobox-data role" |Politician and Accountant |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Years&nbsp;active | class="infobox-data" |2012-Date |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Political party | class="infobox-data org" |National Resistance Movement (NRM) |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Opponent | class="infobox-data" |Peace Tibyaze |} '''Loy Katali''' (yazaalibwa nga 12 Ogwekumi 1975) [[:en:Ugandan|Munnayuganda]] [[:en:Politician|ow'ebyobufuzi]] era accountant.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Parliament of Uganda |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=358 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20210428094803/https://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=358 |archive-date=2021-04-28 |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=www.parliament.go.ug}}</ref> Ye mubaka omukyaala akiikirira [[:en:Jinja_District|Disitulikitti y'e Jinja]] mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamentti ya Uganda]] ey'ekumi. Ali mu kibiina eky'ebyobufuzi ekya [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] .<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://redpepper.co.ug/2021/02/post-elections-jinja-district-voters-task-tibyaze-on-service-delivery/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-04-14 |archive-date=2022-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707040735/https://redpepper.co.ug/2021/02/post-elections-jinja-district-voters-task-tibyaze-on-service-delivery/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Emisomo == Mu mwaka gwa 2000, she was awarded a bachelor's degree in commerce from [./<nowiki>Https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makerere_University</nowiki> Makerere University].<ref name=":0"/> Mu mwaka gwa 2008, yafuna certificate okuva mu[[:en:Association_of_Chartered_Certified_Accountants|Association of Chartered Certified Accountants]], UK era oluvanyuma n'amaliriza diguli ya masters mu by'okudukanya bizinensi okuva mu [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Yunivasitte y'e Makerere]] mu mwaka gwa 2009.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.mpscanug.com/profile/kataliloy/</ref> == Eby'afaayo ku mirimu == Okuva mu mwaka gwa 2012 okutuusa 2015, yakola nga offiisa w'ebyembalirira ku IGAD era oluvanyuma neyegatta ku [[:en:Ministry_of_Labour,_Public_Service_and_Human_Resource_Development_(South_Sudan)|Ministry of Labour]], Republic ya [[:en:South_Sudan|South Sudan]] nga consultant (financial management specialist) okuva mu mwaka gwa 2009 okutuusa 2011.<ref name=":0"/> Loy yali [[:en:Financial_accounting|financial accountant]] ku [[:en:Microfinance|Microfinance]] Support Centre Ltd okuva mu mwaa gwa 2004 okutuusa 2008. Wakati wa 2003 ne 2004, yali ccountant coordinator ku Directorate of Water Development.<ref name=":0" /> Mu kiseera kya 2001–2003, yaweebwa omulimu nga [[:en:Project_Accountant|Project Accountant]] ku [[:en:Uganda_Bureau_of_Statistics|Uganda Bureau of Statistics]]. Wakati wa 2000 ne 2001, yakola nga [[:en:Management_accountant|management accountant]] ku CELFMARK.<ref name=":0" /> Loy oluvanyuma yegatta ku Paalamentti ya Uganda nga mmemba wa Paalamenti okuva mu mwaka gwa 2016 okutuusa kati.<ref name=":0" /> Bwe yali mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamentti ya Uganda]], yaweereza ku professional body ku ttendekero lya Institute of Certified Public accountants mu Uganda ne Association of Chartered Certified Accountants, UK nga mmemba omujjuvu. Okugatako, yaweereza ku kakiiko k'ebyenfuna, okuteekateeka n'enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna nga omumyuuka wa ssentebbe.<ref name=":0" /> == Obulamu bwe == Mufumbo.<ref name=":0" /> Alina okwagala okungi mu kuyamaba abo abetaaga obuyambi nga ba namwandu ne bamulekwa.<ref name=":0" /> == Laba na bino == * [[:en:List_of_members_of_the_tenth_Parliament_of_Uganda|Olukalala lwa ba mmemba mu Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekumi]] * [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] * [[:en:Jinja_District|Disitulikitti y'e Jinja]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] == Ebijulizidwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijulizidwa wa bweru wa wikipediya == * [https://www.parliament.go.ug/ Website ya Paalamenti ya Uganda] 1gu945rs6jyudo8x6k3m4f80vt1m1ew 0 10808 75816 72730 2026-10-01T08:06:42Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75816 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Omupiira ogw'ebigere''', ogumanyiddwa ennyo nga '''omupiira''' oba '''endiba''', [[:en:Team_sport|muzannyo gwa ttiimu]] oguzannyibwa wakati wa ttiimu bbiri nga buli emu erimu [[:en:Football_player|abazannyi]] 11. Omuzannyo guzanyibwa nga basamba omupiira okwetoloola ekisaawe era nga [[:en:Football_pitch|ekisaawe]] ky'omupiira kiba n'enjuyi nnya. Ekiruubiirirwa ekikulu mu muzannyo guno lwe luuyi olumu [[:en:Scoring_in_association_football|okuteeba]] ggoolo ezikira ku luuyi olulala lwe luba luvuganya nalwo. okusobola okuteeba oba okunyweesa [[:en:Goal_(sports)|ggoolo]] tiimu emu eyina okusaza laama / olukoloboze / layini eba yeetoloddwa ekifo ekirambe oluusi nga kiriko fuleemu oba akatimba era ng’ekuumibwa omukuumi wa ggoolo owa ttiimu evuganya. [[File:Football goal 20050521.jpg|thumb|270x270px|ekifaananyi ekiraga ggoolo y'omupiira ogw'ebigere n'omukuumi waayo]] Omupiira ogw'ebigere mu mbeera ezabulijjo guzannyibwa okumala eddakiika 90. Zino zaawulwamu ebitundu bibiri eby'eddakiika 45 buli kimu era nga oluvanyuma lw'ekitundu kyomuzannyo ekisooka abazannyi bawummulamu.Omuzannyo gw'omupiira gutwalibwa okuba nga gwe muzannyo ogusinga okuba omuganzi okwetoloola ensi era nga gwetabwamu abazannyi abali eyo mu bukadde 240 okwetoloola ensi<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://bestdiplomats.org/most-popular-sports-in-the-world/ |access-date=2024-08-15 |archive-date=2024-08-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240821080358/https://bestdiplomats.org/most-popular-sports-in-the-world/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[File:Adidas Jabulani Official World Cup 2010 (4158450149).jpg|thumb|Omupiira ogwatuumibwa erinnya Jabulani. Guno gwe gwazanyibwa mu [[:en:FIFA_World_Cup|World Cup]] eyasooka ku lukalu lw'omuddugavu Afirika mu mwaka 2010 e [[South Africa]]]] Omuzannyo gw’omupiira guzannyibwa okusinziira ku [[:en:Laws_of_the_Game_(association_football)|Mateeka g’Omuzannyo,]] era nga amateeka gano yadde gazze gakolwamu ennongosereza gabaddewo okuva mu mwaka '''1863''' era nga galabirirwa era negakuumibwa [[:en:International_Football_Association_Board|IFAB]] okuva mu 1886. Omuzannyo guno erinnya lyagwo ligusimbuliza ku mupiira omwekulungirivu ogusambibwa abazannyi okugwetolooza ekisaawe. Ebibinja byabazannyi ebiba byekozeemu tiimu biruubirira okuyingiza omupiira mu ggoolo ya ttiimu endala era nga ttiimu esinga endala okusaza layini ya ggoolo emirundi eminji yewangula omuzannyo oluvannyuma lw'obudde obugere<ref>https://www.thefa.com/football-rules-governance/lawsandrules/laws/football-11-11/law-10---determining-the-outcome-of-a-match</ref>. Mu kiseera nga omupiira guzannyibwa, abazannyi yadde basinga kukozesa bigere byabwe okutambuza, okugaba, oba okusimula omupiira, naye era bayinza okukozesa ekitundu ekirala kyonna eky’emibiri gwabwe, okuleka ekitundu eky'omukono(Kino ky'ekitundu ky'omubiri okuva ku kibegabega okutuuka ku kibatu n'engalo). [[:en:Goalkeeper_(association_football)|Abakuumi ba ggoolo]] bokka (bu luuyi luba n'omu mu muzannyo) be bakirizibwa okukozesa emikono gyabwe nga bazannya kyokka nabo kino bakikolera mu ntabwe(box) wokka.<ref>https://www.bundesliga.com/en/faq/all-you-need-to-know-about-soccer</ref> Yadde nga ggoolo ebalibwa okuba nga eteebeddwa ssinga omupiira gusala olukoloboze mu kifo awali ggoolo, waliwo embeera esobola okulemesa ggoolo okubalibwa, okugeza singa oyo ajiteeba aba 'akuumye'(okuba nga asangiddwa mabega w'omuzannyi asembayo wa tiimu gyavuganya nayo), oba nga waliwo ekisobyo ekikoleddwa mu lulumba oluvuddemu okuteeba ggoolo. Mu muzannyo guno, tiimu bwezisibagana kiyitibwa okukola [[:en:Tie_(draw)#Association_football|amaliri]] era okusinziira ku mpaka kino mwekibeereddewo omupiira gusobola okuggwa gutyo oba omupiira okugenda mu [[:en:Overtime_(sports)#Association_football|budde obw’enjawulo]](obwongerwamu okusukka ku ddakiika 90) oba okugenda mu kusimulagana peneti okufuna omuwanguzi <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110313194624/https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/generic/81/42/36/lawsofthegame_2010_11_e.pdf</ref> Mu nsi yonna, omupiira gw'ebigere gufugibwa [[:en:FIFA|FIFA]] . bwova ku mutendera gwensi yonna ogwa FIFA, waliwo ebibiina ebirala mukaaga nga bivunaanyizibwa ku zi ssemazinga: [[:en:Asian_Football_Confederation|AFC]], [[:en:Confederation_of_African_Football|CAF]], [[:en:CONCACAF|CONCACAF]], [[:en:CONMEBOL|CONMEBOL]], [[:en:Oceania_Football_Confederation|OFC]], ne [[:en:UEFA|UEFA]] .<ref>http://chartsbin.com/view/owq</ref> Ku bibiina bino, CONMEBOL eyatandikibwawo mu 1916 y’esinga obukadde. Buli ggwanga ku mutendera ogwa ssekinnoomu lirina ekibiina kyalyo ekiddukanya ensonga z'omupiira okugeza nga [https://www.fufa.co.ug/ FUFA] mu [[Uganda]] oba [https://www.thefa.com/ The FA] e [[:en:England|Bungereza]]. Mu mupiira mulimu empaka ez'enjawulo era ezitegekebwa ku mitendera egyenjawulo naye ezisinga okuba ku mutendera ogwa waggulu n'obuganzi ze; [[:en:FIFA_World_Cup|FIFA World Cup]] (ekikopo ky'ensi yonna) ne [[:en:FIFA_Women's_World_Cup|FIFA Women's World Cup]] (ekikopo ky'abakyala eky'ensi yonna). Ekikopo ky’ensi yonna eky’abasajja kyekimu ku mizannyo ejisinga okulabibwa mu nsi yonna, era nga kivuganya butereevu [[:en:Olympic_Games|n'emizannyo gya Olympics .]] <ref>https://online.jwu.edu/blog/the-worlds-most-watched-sporting-event-unveiling-the-global-phenomenon/</ref> Ku mutendera ogwa kirabu (ezitali z'amawanga) [[:en:UEFA_Champions_League|UEFA Champions League]] ne [[:en:UEFA_Women's_Champions_League|UEFA Women’s Champions League]], nga zonna mpaka ziwakanirwa kirabu zi kirimegga ku lukalu lwa Bulaaya z'empaka ezisinga obuganzi<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://artoffootballblog.com/best-soccer-trophies/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240815131713/https://artoffootballblog.com/best-soccer-trophies/ |archive-date=2024-08-15 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Amannya ag'enjawulo == Omuzannyo guno mu lulimi oluganda guyina amannya agawerako era nga abamu batera okuguyita eddiba, endiba, omupiira. == Ebyafaayo by'omuzannyo ku ddaala ly'ensi yonna == Empaka z’omupiira ezisinga obukadde mu nsi yonna ze [https://www.thefa.com/competitions/thefacup FA Cup], ezaatandikibwawo omuzannyi w’omupiira era nga yazannyanga ne omuzannyi wa cricket [[:en:Charles_W._Alcock|Charles W. Alcock]], era nga zatandika okuwakanirwa(okuzannyibwa) mu mwaka 1872. Ku mutendera ogwamawanga [[:en:1872_Scotland_v_England_football_match|Omuzannyo omutongole ogwasooka]] gwaliwo mu 1872, wakati wa [[:en:Scotland_national_football_team|Scotland]] ne [[:en:England_national_football_team|Bungereza]] mu kibuga [[:en:Glasgow|Glasgow]]<nowiki/>era nga Alcock yeyawoma omutwe mu ntekateeka eno. Bungereza nga eggwanga era lyelirina [[:en:English_Football_League|liigi y'omupiira]] eyasooka mu nsi yonna, eyatandikibwawo mu [[:en:Birmingham|kibuga Birmingham]] mu 1888 dayirekita wa [[:en:Aston_Villa_F.C.|Aston Villa,]] [[:en:William_McGregor_(football)|William McGregor]] . Liigi eno eyasooka yalimu kiraabu 12 okuva mu [[:en:Midlands|Masekkati]] ne mu [[:en:Northern_England|bukiikakkono bwa Bungereza .]] <ref>https://www.efl.com/about-the-efl/history/</ref> === Abazannyi, ebyuma, n’abakungu === [[File:Finales CAN 2021 (141).jpg|thumb|314x314px|Diifiri n'abayambi be (mu byambalo ebiddugavu) bebalamula omuzannyo gw'omupiira era tebaba naludda]] Buli ttiimu y'omupiira ekirizibwa okubeera nabazannyi abatasukka kkumi n'omu (nga tobaliddeko abo abakozesebwa mu [[:en:Substitute_(association_football)|kukyuusamu]] ), omu ku abo alina okuba [[:en:Goalkeeper_(association_football)|mukwasi wa ggoolo]] . Amateeka g’empaka gasobola okulungamya omuwendo gw’abazannyi ogusinga obutono ogwetaagisa okukola ttiimu era nga gutera okuba musanvu.<ref>https://www.thefa.com/football-rules-governance/lawsandrules/laws/football-11-11/law-3---the-players</ref> [[File:EGY-UGA 2017-01-21.svg|thumb|418x418px|Ensengeka y'abazannyi ba Uganda n'aba Misiri mu mupiira ogwazannyibwa nga 21-01-2017]] Ennyambala entongole oba ''[[:en:Kit_(association_football)|omujoozi]]'' abazannyi gye balina okwambala mulimu essaati, empale (okusinga ziba nnyimpi), sookisi, engatto, n’enkampa [[:en:Shin_guard|ezikuuma amagulu]] , kwossa n'ezambalwa mu ngalo eri abakuumi ba ggoolo . [[:en:Association_football_headgear|Ebikoofiira ebyambalwa ku mutwe]] oluusi byabambalwa okwekuuma okufuna obuvune ku mutwe oba obutasajjula obwo omuzannyi byaba alina naye nga ssi bya buwaze. Abazannyi bakugirwa okwambala oba okukozesa ekintu kyonna eky’obulabe eri bo bennyini oba eri omuzannyi omulala, gamba ng’amajolobero, emikuufu, ebikomo oba essaawa. Omukuumi wa ggoolo alina okwambala engoye ezawukana n'ezo banne zebaba bambadde.<ref>https://www.thefa.com/football-rules-governance/lawsandrules/laws/football-11-11/law-4---the-players-equipment</ref> == '''Ensibuko y'omupiira mu Uganda''' == [[File:Alpha ssali.jpg|thumb|395x395px|Omuzannyi wa Uganda Alpha Ssali mu mujoozi gwa tiimu y'eggwanga eyabali wansi w'emyaka 20 omutongole]]Ebyafaayo by'omupiira mu Uganda ebitongole okusinziira ku biwandiiko bitera okujuliza omwaka 1897 nti gwegwatandiikiriza omuzannyo guno wano ewaffe ku butaka. Era okusinziira ku biwandiiko bya National Council of Sports ebiri ku [https://web.archive.org/web/20240815135029/https://www.ncs.go.ug/funfact/history-football-uganda#:~:text=The%20history%20of%20Football%20in,their%20positions%20nor%20the%20rules. mutimbagano gwayo] Omwami omungereza '''Pilkington''' yatandikiiriza okuyigiriza [[Baganda|Abaganda]] omuzannyo guno ku kasozi Namirembe mu [[Kampala]]. Mu bayigirizibwanga mwalimu n'abakungu mu Bwakabaka bwa Buganda kwossa n'abalangira oluusi abajjanga nabayambi baabwe okubasitulira zi manvuuli omusana guleme kubookya oba okusitula obutebe abalangira batuuleko nga bakooye bino nga kwogasse n'okuba nti abantu Pilkington beyatendekanga omuzannyo amateeka gabalema okukwata byamulumya nnyo omutwe ate oluusi nebimussa enseko. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.ncs.go.ug/funfact/history-football-uganda#:~:text=The%20history%20of%20Football%20in,their%20positions%20nor%20the%20rules. |access-date=2024-08-15 |archive-date=2024-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240815135029/https://www.ncs.go.ug/funfact/history-football-uganda#:~:text=The%20history%20of%20Football%20in,their%20positions%20nor%20the%20rules. |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ekibiina ki [https://www.fufa.co.ug/ FUFA] mu biro ebyo ekyayitibwanga Kampala Football Association kyatandikibwawo mu mwaka 1924 okwongera okusobozesa omuzannyo guno okufuna emisinji eminywevu.<ref>https://kawowo.com/2021/10/06/a-look-into-ugandas-football-history/</ref> Omuzannyo guno era gwaganja nyo mu lulyo olulangira era mu zimu ku ezo empaka ezasooka okutegekebwa mulimu ezo ezayitibwanga '''Kabaka's cup''' era nga wegwatuukira omwaka 1950 nga tiimu eziri eyo mu 30 zivuganya mu kikopo kino. Kabaka wa [[Buganda]] owa 34 [[:en:Daudi_Cwa_II_of_Buganda|Daudi Chwa II]] era yeyasooka okukulembera FUFA mu mwaka 1924 okutuuka 1934<ref>https://www.fufa.co.ug/list-fufa-presidents/</ref> == Laba ne; == [[:en:Football_in_Uganda|Omupiira mu Uganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Buganda]] [[Category:Omupiira mu Uganda]] 3vmwpurvwugsg1kk96gvw5kuhst3oc5 0 10893 75806 71923 2026-10-01T05:38:34Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75806 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kitovu Hospital''' Mu bujjuvu '''St. Joseph's Hospital Kitovu''' ddwaliro erisangibwa ku kasozi Kitovu, mu kibuga [[Masaka]], , [[:en:Central_Region,_Uganda|mu massekkati ga Uganda]] .Eddwaliro lino [[:en:Privately_held_company|lya bwannannyini]] era lijjanjaba nokuwa obuweereza [[:en:Community_hospital|abantu b'omukitundu]] naddala ekibuga [[Masaka]] n’ebitundu ebiriraanyewo. Eddwaliro lino era liyina n'ekitongole eky'abakugu ekivunaanyizibwa ku kujjanjaba n'okubudaabudda abakyala abayina okutonnya oba ekikulukuto ekiva ku kuzaala mu lufuutifuuti ekiyitibwa [[:en:Obstetric_fistula|Fistula]] era nga obuweereza buno bwatandikibwa omusawo Dr. [[:en:Maura_Lynch|Maura Lynch]] . Ebifo ebijjanjaba endwadde eno biri mukaaga byokka okwetoolola eggwanga <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |url=http://www.kitovu-hospital.org/departments/vvf-ward-obstetric-fistula-unit/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-09-05 |archive-date=2020-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108045400/http://www.kitovu-hospital.org/departments/vvf-ward-obstetric-fistula-unit/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Endagiriro == Eddwaliro lino lisangibwa mu kitundu ekiyitibwa ''Kitovu'', mu kibuga Masaka, mu kitundu kya Buganda. Ekifo kino kyesudde kiromita nga musanvu mu mu bugwanjuba okuva ku ddwaliro lya gavumenti li [[:en:Masaka_Regional_Referral_Hospital|Masaka Regional Referral Hospita]], eddwaliro erisinga obunene mu bbendobendo lyemasaka era ewasindikibwa abalwadde ababa betaaga obujanjabi obw'ekikugu ennyo <ref name="2R">https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Kitovu+Hospital,+P.O.Box+413,+Masaka/Masaka+Hospital,+Alex+Ssebowa,+Masaka/@-0.3370905,31.7296948,14z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x19d78efa4685e92f:0x6959a7a70b48be92!2m2!1d31.7573017!2d-0.3442488!1m5!1m1!1s0x19d78ebb9db30b6f:0x3735f21041acd7db!2m2!1d31.7359321!2d-0.3293044!3e0</ref> Eddwaaliro lino era lyesudde kiromita nga 140 okuva mu kibuga ky'eggwanga ekikulu [[Kampala]] ewasangibwa eddwaliro ekkulu li [[Mulago National Specialised Hospital|Mulago National Referral Hospital]].<ref name="3R">https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Kitovu+Hospital,+P.O.Box+413,+Masaka/Mulago+Hospital,+Kampala/@0.0013684,31.6062674,9z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x19d78efa4685e92f:0x6959a7a70b48be92!2m2!1d31.7573017!2d-0.3442488!1m5!1m1!1s0x177dbb0f51509de1:0xea12334542674d8c!2m2!1d32.5761312!2d0.3380637!3e0</ref><ref>https://rotarydoctorbank.co.uk/kitovu-hospital-2/</ref> Ensengeka z'ekitundu okutudde eddwaliro ly'e Kitovu ku maapu ze zino:00°20'36.0"S, 31°45'28.0"E (obusimba:-0.343333; Obukiika:31.757778). <ref name="4R">https://www.google.com/maps/place/0%C2%B020'36.0%22S+31%C2%B045'28.0%22E/@-0.3433333,31.7577778,392m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0</ref> == Ebikwata ku ddwaliro == Kitovu hospital ddwaliro lya [[:en:Privately_held_company|bwannannyini]], [[:en:Non-profit|eritagenderera kukola magoba]], eriweereza abantu b'omukitundu era nga obwa nnanyini bwalyo buli mu mikono gye'[[:en:Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Masaka|ssaza lya Ekeleziya katolika ery'eMasaka]] era nga liyita mu kitongole kya '''Uganda Catholic Medical Bureau''' . Eddwaaliro lino liddukanyizibwa ekibiina ''kya Daughters of Mary Sisters'', ekibiina kyabasiisita nga baana nzalwa ob'omukitundu. Mu ntandikwa, eddwaliro lino lyategekebwa okubaamu ebitanda okujjanjabirwa abalwadde naye nga kati ebibalo biraga nti eddwaliro lino liyina ebitanda 248.<ref>[https://masakamedicalservices.org/works/kitovu-hospital#:~:text=It%20is%20a%20248%20bed,Catholic%20Medical%20Bureau%20(UCMB). https://masakamedicalservices.org/works/kitovu-hospital#:~:text=It%20is%20a%20248%20bed,Catholic%20Medical%20Bureau%20(UCMB).]</ref><ref>https://rotarydoctorbank.co.uk/kitovu-hospital-2/</ref> Eddwaaliro lino lirina enteekateeka y’ebyobulamu ebisookerwako eganyula abantu bonna, omuli n’ekifo awajjanjabirwa n'okubudaabuda abantu abayina akawuka ka mukenenenya akalwaaza siriimu. Ebitongole ebirala eby’enjawulo mu ddwaliro lino mulimu etterekero ly’omusaayi eriweereza ekitundu kya masaka ekigazi, ekitongole ekirabirira [[:en:Neonatal|abaana abaakazaalibwa]], ekitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku bujjanjabi obw'ekuusa ku ndya kwossa n'essomero eritendeka aba abakola mu bifo ewekkenenyezebwa endwadde ('''laboratory'''). Eddwaliro era liyina enkolagana n'essomero ly'abasawo ku yunivasite e Makerere erya [[:en:Makerere_University_School_of_Medicine|Makerere University School of Medicine]] mweliweera abasawo abali mukugesebwa omukisa okutendekebwa mu ddwaliro lino. Obuweereza bw'eddwaliro lino tebukoma Masaka wokka wabula butwaliramu ne distulikiti eziriraanyewo okuli [[Sembabule (disitulikit)|Sembabule]], [[Lyantonde (disitulikit)|Lyantonde]], [[Bukomansimbi (disitulikit)|Bukomansimbi]], [[Kalangala (disitulikit)|Kalangala]], [[Kalungu (disitulikit)|Kalungu]], [[:en:Kyotera_District|Kyotera]], [[Lwengo (disitulikit)|Lwengo]] ne [[Rakai (disitulikit)|Rakai]] . <ref name="6R">[https://masakamedicalservices.org/works/kitovu-hospital#:~:text=It%20is%20a%20248%20bed,Catholic%20Medical%20Bureau%20(UCMB). https://masakamedicalservices.org/works/kitovu-hospital#:~:text=It%20is%20a%20248%20bed,Catholic%20Medical%20Bureau%20(UCMB).]</ref> Eddwaaliro lya Kitovu wamu n'amwaliro amalala nga [[Mulago National Specialised Hospital|Eddwaaliro lya Mulago National Referral Hospital]] , [[:en:Hoima_Regional_Referral_Hospital|Hoima Regional Referral Hospital]] , [[:en:Nsambya_Hospital|Nsambya Hospital]] ,[[:en:Kagando_Hospital|Kagando Hospital]] wamu ne [[:en:Lacor_Hospital|Lacor Hospital]] gayina obusobozi okujjanjaba obulwadde bw'okutonnya okuva ku kuzaala era nga ku bitanda ebiri mu ddwaliro lino 31 byawebwaayo kuwa buweereza obwo. <ref name="7R">https://web.archive.org/web/20140219014612/http://www.fistulacare.org/pages/sites/uganda.php</ref> Waadi ya Fisitula e Kitovu yakyazaako [[Kabaka wa Buganda|Kabaka]] wa Buganda nga 11 Ogw'omukaaga 2019 mu kaweefube gwe yaliko mu kulwanyis obulwadde obwo nga ayita mu misinde gy'amazalibwa ge.<ref>https://africanroyalfamilies.blogspot.com/2019/06/his-majesty-kabaka-of-buganda-visits.html</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Eddwaliro Kitovu hospital lyatandika oluvanyuma lw'omugenzi [[:en:Joseph_Kiwánuka|Ssaabasumba Joseph Kiwanuka]] (1899 - 1966), Omusumba mu Ekelezia y'abakatoliki omuddugavu eyasooka mu [[:en:Sub-Saharan_Africa|mawanga agasangibwa mu maserengeta g'eddungu Sahara]] okuyita abasiisita aba '''Sisters of the ''Medical Missionaries of Mary'' (MMM)''' era nga mu kifo kati ewatudde eddwaliro basooka kuteekawo kifo eky’obujjanjabi obusookerwako (First Aid) mu mwaka1955. Oluvannyuma kyatadika okuwa abalwadde obujanjabi naye nga tekigaba bitanda oba okubasuza era obwetaavu bwebweyongera, empeereza y’abalwadde okusuzibwa mu ddwaliro yatandikibwawo. Abasiisita aba '''MMM Sisters''' baaddukanya eddwaaliro lino okuva mu 1955 okutuuka mu 2001 lwe baalikwasa abaliddukanya leero. <ref name="5R">{{Cite web |url=https://www.eahealth.org/directory/search/organisations/kitovu-hospital |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-09-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240803034233/https://www.eahealth.org/directory/search/organisations/kitovu-hospital |archive-date=2024-08-03 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Laba nabino == * [[Masaka (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Masaka]] * [[Olukangaga lw'amalwaliro mu Uganda|Amalwaliro mu Uganda]] * [[:en:Obstetric_fistula|Obulwadde bwa fisitula]] == Ebiwandiiko ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Abaasomera ku Makerere University]] [[Category:Buganda]] 5vhatkgfu0gfvndf4u6ihjn0t44jwx3 0 11045 75822 36137 2026-10-01T08:57:23Z Wiki.lukron 11854 converted references 75822 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Kamuli Sugar Limited''' ( '''KSL''' ), kkampuni ekola ssukaali mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Vision |title=Eight firms join sugar production |url=https://www.newvision.co.ugnull/ |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=New Vision}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |date=2026-06-21 |title=The Observer (Uganda) |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Observer_(Uganda)&oldid=1360389178 |language=en}}</ref> == Ekifo wesangibwa == Ekitebe ky’ekkolero ne kkampuni eno kisangibwa ku luguudo lwa Jinja-Kamuli-Mbulamuti, nga luli kiro mita12 (7 mi) mu bukiikaddyo bw’ekibuga [[Kamuli]], ekitebe kya disitulikiti we kiri. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Distance between Kamuli, Eastern Region, Uganda and Kamuli Sugar Limited, Bugabula, Eastern Region, Uganda, (Uganda) |url=https://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kamuli,%20Eastern%20Region,%20Uganda&toplace=Kamuli%20Sugar%20Limited,%20Bugabula,%20Eastern%20Region,%20Uganda,&dt1=ChIJs23xd4KpfhcRf5Rjtd-slpI&dt2=ChIJWRBXXP6mfhcRaLaW1NZEuVw |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=distancecalculator.globefeed.com}}</ref> Endagiriro z'ekitebe kya kkampuni eno ze zino: 0°51'07.0"mambuka, 33°07'34.0"buvanjuba (Bukiika ddyo:0.851955; Bukiika kkono:33.126103). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/0%C2%B051%2707.0%22N+33%C2%B007%2734.0%22E/@0.8519604,33.1239197,450m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x0?hl=en |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Google Maps |language=en}}</ref> Kkampuni eno mmemba mu kibiina kya Millers Association of Sugarcane, ekibiina ekigatta amakolero mu ggwanga lyonna eky’abakola ssukaali omutonotono mu Uganda. <ref>{{Cite book |date=2026-09-22 |title=allAfrica |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AllAfrica&oldid=1376123525 |language=en}}</ref> == Okulambika == Kamuli Sugar Limited, eyatandikibwawo mu 2010, <ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/201512080949.html</ref> mmemba mu kibiina kya Pramukh Group of Companies, omuli Pramukh Steel Limited, eyatandikibwawo mu 2007, ne Ajay Cotton Limited, eyatandikibwawo mu 2009. <ref>{{Cite web |title=History of Kamuli {{!}} Kamuli Sugar |url=http://www.kamulisugar.com/history.html |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=www.kamulisugar.com}}</ref> == Laba nabino == * Olukalala lw'abakola ssukaali mu Uganda * [[Kamuli (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Kamuli]] == Ebijuliziddwa == r3f5gla4dmnjy80r9wfz78p4jjq4gho 0 11441 75711 70583 2026-09-30T18:12:45Z Wiki.lukron 11854 Removed a link 75711 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''George Michael Mukula''' amanyiddwa ennyo nga '''Mike Mukula''' [[:en:Businessman|musuubuzi]] Munnayuganda, [[:en:Politician|munnabyabufuzi]] era [[:en:Pilot|muvuzi wa nnyonyi]] omukugu. Yakiikirira Munisipaali y'e [[Soroti]] okuva mu 1996 okutuuka mu 2016 mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|paalamenti ya Uganda]] . Alina ekibiina ekigatta amakampuni 28 wansi w’ekibiina kya Mukula Group of Companies.<ref name="George">{{cite web|accessdate=19 February 2015|url=http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=172.000000&const=Soroti+Municipality&dist_id=26.000000&distname=Soroti|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924064522/http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=172.000000&const=Soroti+Municipality&dist_id=26.000000&distname=Soroti|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 September 2015|title=Profile of Mukula George Michael, Member of Parliament for Soroti Municipality, Soroti District|year=2011|last=POU|publisher=[[Parliament of Uganda]] (POU)}}</ref> Mmemba w’ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza ekya [[National Resistance Movement]] era mu kiseera kino ali mu kifo ky’omumyuka wa Ssentebe (Ekitundu ky’Ebuvanjuba) mu kibiina ekiri mu buyinza ekya National Resistance Movement mu Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Our Leaders {{!}} National Resistance Movement|url=https://www.nrm.ug/our-leaders-0|access-date=2025-07-17|website=www.nrm.ug|archive-date=2025-07-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250714152341/https://www.nrm.ug/our-leaders-0|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Obuto bwe n’okusoma kwe == Mukula yazaalibwa [[Soroti]], [[:en:Teso_sub-region|Teso sub-region]] mu [[:en:Eastern_Region,_Uganda|kitundu ky’Ebuvanjuba bwa Uganda]] nga 27 Ogwoomunaana 1956. Yasomera mu masomero g’omu kitundu nga tannayingizibwa mu Kenya School of Flying ku [[:en:Wilson_Airport_(Kenya)|kisaawe ky’ennyonyi Wilson]] e [[:en:Nairobi,_Kenya|Nairobi, Kenya]]. Yamaliriza emisomo gye egy'okuvuga ennyonyi mu Amerika era n'agenda mu [[:en:IDF_Military_Colleges|matendekero g'amagye ga IDF]] okuva mu 2000 okutuuka mu 2001 n'atikkirwa mu [[:en:Counterterrorism|Kulwanyisa obutujju]]. Yasomerako ne ku [[:en:Harvard_Kennedy_School|Harvard Kennedy School]] mu kibiina kya 2004-2005, gye yakugukira mu nnongoosereza mu by'obufuzi n’ebyenfuna mu gavumenti.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Captain Mukula quits politics {{!}} Monitor|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/captain-mukula-quits-politics-1610500|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524152908/https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/captain-mukula-quits-politics-1610500|access-date=2025-07-17|archive-date=2024-05-24}}</ref> Mu 2005, yaweebwa [[:en:Master_of_Business_Administration|diguli eyookubiri mu by'obusuubuzi]] okuva mu [[:en:Nkumba_University|Yunivasite y'e Nkumba]]. Mu 2009, yafuna diguli eyookusatu ey’ekitiibwa okuva mu Latin University of Theology, esangibwa mu [[:en:Torrance,_California|Torrance, California]], Amerika.<ref name="George" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/9/40/707161|date=15 January 2010|title=Doctor Captain Mike Mukula|last=Newvision Archive|newspaper=[[New Vision]]|accessdate=19 February 2015|location=Kampala|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219081103/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/9/40/707161|archivedate=19 February 2015}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Mukula yakyuka okuva mu by’ennyonyi n’adda mu byobufuzi mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1990. Yavuganya bulungi ku kifo kya paalamenti ekya Munisipaali ya [[Soroti]] mu 1996 era n’addamu okulondebwa mu 2001, 2006, ne 201.<ref name="Leaving">{{cite web|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/668159-capt-mike-mukula-to-quit-politics.html|title=Captain Mike Mukula To Quit Politics|accessdate=7 August 2015|date=10 May 2015|last=Godfrey Ojore|first=and Samuel Ouga|newspaper=[[New Vision]]|location=Kampala}}</ref> Okuva mu 2001 okutuuka mu 2006, yaweereza nga minisita w’eggwanga ow’ebyobulamu.<ref>{{cite web|date=23 May 2006|url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/500150|title=President Museveni Nominates 69 To Cabinet|accessdate=19 February 2015|first=and Felix Osike|last=Henry Mukasa|newspaper=[[New Vision]]|location=Kampala|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206030146/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/12/500150|archivedate=6 February 2015}}</ref> Yalangirira nti yawummula ebyobufuzi eby’okulonda mu May 2015, okutandika ne March 2016, kyokka akyagenda mu maaso n’okuweereza ng’omumyuka wa Ssentebe w’ekibiina ki [[National Resistance Movement]] ow'ekitundu ky’obuvanjuba.<ref name="Leaving" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://mobile.monitor.co.ug/News/News/Captain-Mukula-quits-politics/-/2466686/2712206/-/format/xhtml/-/scej11z/-/index.html|title=Captain Mukula Quits Politics|last=Emwamu|first=Simon Peter|newspaper=[[Daily Monitor]] Mobile|location=Kampala|accessdate=11 May 2015|date=11 May 2015|archive-date=18 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518083215/http://mobile.monitor.co.ug/News/News/Captain-Mukula-quits-politics/-/2466686/2712206/-/format/xhtml/-/scej11z/-/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Mufumbo era taata w’abaana bana. Ono wa kibiina kya byabufuzi ekya [[National Resistance Movement]].<ref name="Leaving" /> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda]] pe5o72chks4j5d6r0ymdtq8of3mftlm 0 11759 75829 72086 2026-10-01T09:38:01Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75829 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sebastian Kakule Kyalwazi''', (Yazaalibwa nga 20 Ogwekkumi 1920 - 25 Ogwoluberyeberye 1992), yali musawo omuwabuzi alongoosa Munnayuganda era nga yakola nga Pulofeesa era akulira eby'okulongoosa mu [[:en:Makerere_University_School_of_Medicine|Banguliro ly'Abasawo erya Yunivasite y'e Makerere]] ate mu kiseera kye kimu nga omulongoosa omuwabuzi omukugu e [[Mulago National Specialised Hospital|Mulago National Referral Hospital]] okuva ku ntandikwa y'emyaka gya 1970 okutuusa lwe yafa ku ntandikwa y'emyaka gya 1990. Kigambibwa nti ye Mufirika enzaalwa eyasooka okutuuka ku bisaanyizo by'okulongoosa mu [[:en:East_Africa|Buvanjuba]] [[:en:Central_Africa|n'amasekkati ga Afirika]].<ref name="1R">{{cite web |author=[[Charles Olweny]] |date=17 April 2017 |title=Dr. Kyalwazi Memorial Lecture: About Prof. Sebastian Kakule Kyalwazi |url=https://www.asou.or.ug/kyalwazi-memorial-lecture/ |access-date=8 July 2023 |work=Association of Surgeons of Uganda |location=Kampala, Uganda |archive-date=8 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708124308/https://www.asou.or.ug/kyalwazi-memorial-lecture/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="2R">{{cite web |author=Christopher Bendana |date=19 May 2012 |title=Prof. Sebastian Kyalwazi : First Ugandan surgeon |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1301778/prof-sebastian-kyalwazi-ugandan-surgeon |access-date=8 July 2023 |work=[[New Vision]] |location=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Kyalwazi yazaalibwa mu [[Masaka (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Masaka]], mu [[:en:Central_Region,_Uganda|bitundu bya Buganda]] mu Uganda, gye yakulira [[:en:Roman_Catholic|ng’Omukatoliki]].<ref name="1R" /> Oluvannyuma lw’okusoma pulayimale mu Kampala ne Masaka, yasomera mu [[:en:St._Mary's_College_Kisubi|St. Mary’s College Kisubi]], gye yafunira satifikeeti ze zombi eza [[:en:GCE_Ordinary_Level|GCE Ordinary Level]] ne [[:en:GCE_Advanced_Level_(United_Kingdom)|GCE Advanced Level]].<ref name="1R" /><ref name="2R" /> Mu 1948, yatikkirwa mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|Yunivasite y’e Makerere]] (mu kiseera ekyo yali kitundu ku [[:en:University_of_London|Yunivasite y'e London]] ), n’afuna diguli esooka eya [[:en:Bachelor_of_Medicine_and_Bachelor_of_Surgery|Bachelor of Medicine ne Bachelor of Surgery]] (MBChB). Oluvannyuma yakola diguli eyookubiri mu [[:en:Edinburgh|Edinburgh]], Scotland, n’atikkirwa nga [[:en:Royal_College_of_Surgeons_of_Edinburgh|Fellow wa Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh]], nga ye Mufirika eyasooka mu Buvanjuba ne mumasekkati ga Afirika okutuuka ku bisaanyizo by’okulongoosa.<ref name="1R" /><ref name="2R" /> Mu 1968, yamala ekiseera ng’asoma mu Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute (Czechoslovakia Cancer Institute) ku sikaala y’ekitongole ky'Ebyobulamu eky'Ensi yonna ki [[:en:World_Health_Organization|World Health Organization]].<ref name="2R" /> == Emirimu == Kyalwazi yalondebwa okuba omusomesa mu by’okulongoosa mu Makerere University Medical School mu 1968. Yalinnya amadaala n’afuuka Pulofeesa era akulira Dipaatimenti y’okulongoosa ku bbanguliro ly’obusawo n’eddwaliro lya yunivasity omusomesebwa, Omufirika eyasooka okutuuka ku ddaala eryo.<ref name="1R" /><ref name="2R" /> Yafaayo okunoonyereza n’okulongoosa endwadde za kookolo ow'amanyi eziwerako, omuli [[:en:Hepatocellular_carcinoma|hepatocellular carcinoma]], [[:en:Penile_cancer|penile cancer]], [[:en:Kaposi's_sarcoma|Kaposi’s sarcoma]] ne [[:en:Cervical_cancer|cervical cancer]] n’endala. Mu kiseera eddwaliro lya [[:en:Uganda_Cancer_Institute|Uganda Cancer Institute]] (UCI) we yatandikibwawo mu 1967, Kyalwazi ye yali akulembeddemu okuteesa ku ludda lwa Uganda era asiimibwa olw’oyambako UCI okutandikawo.<ref name="3R">{{cite web |author=Juliet Waiswa |date=1 April 2023 |title=Uganda Needs People Like Cancer Institute Founder Prof. Kyalwazi |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/uganda-needs-people-like-cancer-institute-fou-157333 |access-date=10 July 2023 |work=[[New Vision]] |location=Kampala, Uganda}}</ref> Mu 1968, yalondebwa nga pulezidenti w'ekibiina ekigatta abasawo abalongoosa mu buvanjuba bwa Afirika, Omufirika eyasooka okuweereza mu kifo ekyo.<ref name="2R" /> == Ebirala by’olina okumanya == Yalondebwa okuba omusawo akulembera abalongoosa ku ttiimu y’abasawo eyalondebwa okujjanjaba [[:en:Pope_Paul_VI|Paapa Paul VI]] ku bugenyi bwa Paapa mu Uganda mu 1969, singa waaliwo obwetaavu.<ref name="1R" /> Kyalwazi yaweereza nga pulezidenti wa ekibiina kya Rotary ekye Kampala ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970.<ref name="1R" /> == Engule n'Awaadi == Eklezia Katolika yawa Kyalwazi [[:en:Order_of_St._Gregory_the_Great|ekirabo ky’Omutukuvu Gregory Omukulu]], ng’esiima obuweereza bwe eri Eklezia n’eri abantu.<ref name="1R" /> Ekibiina ekigatta abasawo abalongoosa mu Uganda kyatondawo omusomo ogw’okujjukira buli mwaka okujjukira omulimu Kyalwazi gwe yakola mu by’obulamu n’okutumbula embeera z’abantu mu Uganda.<ref name="1R" /><ref name="3R" /> == Obulamu bwe ng'omuntu == Yafa nga 25 Ogwoluberyeberye 1992 mu ddwaaliro e London [[:en:Pancreatic_cancer|kookolo w’olubuto]] ku myaka 71. Gavumenti ya Uganda yamuwa ekitiibwa [[:en:State_funeral|ky'okuziikibwa nga kukulembeddwa Gavumenti]].<ref name="1R" /><ref name="2R" /> == Laba ne == * [[:en:Uganda_Cancer_Institute|Eddwaaliro lya Kansa mu Uganda]] * [[:en:Charles_Olweny|Charles Olweny]] * [[Francis Miiro]] * [[:en:Jovan_Kiryabwire|Jovan Kiryabwire]] * [[:en:Oweyegha-Afunaduula_Fred_Charles|Oweyegha-Afunaduula Fred Charles]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20201125171832/https://www.uci.or.ug/ Omukutu gwa Uganda Cancer Institute] * [https://www.asou.or.ug/ Omukutu gw'ekibiina ekigatta abasawo abalongoosa mu Uganda] * [https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/S-K-Kyalwazi-2876640 Ebitabo ebifulumizibwa ku Research Gate] [[Category:Okufa okuva ku kansa w'olubuto mu Bungereza]] [[Category:Abaasomerako ku Yunivasite y'e Makerere]] [[Category:Abantu abasibuka mu Disitulikiti y'e Masaka]] [[Category:Abakatoliki Bannayuganda]] [[Category:Abasawo abalongoosa Bannayuganda]] [[Category:Abaganda]] [[Category:Abaafa mu 1992]] [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1920]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Makerere University]] [[Category:Buganda]] 0ybwtdiuk10rco2j65yue2tu07umc45 0 11854 75810 41406 2026-10-01T06:30:27Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75810 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Mehta Group of Companies''', ekitera okuyitibwa '''Mehta Group''', [[:en:Conglomerate_(company)|kibiina kya]] Buyindi ekisangibwa mu [[:en:Mumbai|kibuga Mumbai]], ng'ekitebe kyayo ekikulu kiri [[:en:Gandhinagar|Gandhinagar]], nga kirina amakampuni gaakyo mu Amerika, Canada, [[Kenya]] ne [[Yuganda|Uganda]]. Ekibiina kino kikozesa abantu abasoba mu 55,000 mu nsi yonna, era nga kirina eby’obugagga ebisukka mu buwumbi bwa ddoola za Amerika 2.1, webwatukira Gwekumineebiri 2024. Bizineensi z’ekibiina kino mulimu okuteeka ssente mu sukaali, semiinti, okutegeka eby'amaguzi, [[:en:Floriculture|okulima ebimuli]], obwayinginiya, waya z’amasannyalaze, okwebuuza, okuddukanya emirimu, yinsuwa, [[:en:International_Trade|eby'obusuuzi kumutendera gw'ensi yonna]] [[:en:International_Finance|n'eby'ensiimbi ku mutendera gwensi yonna]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Economic Times |first=Bureau |date=23 April 2010 |title=In A Tight Spot, Will Jay Mehta Wriggle Through? |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-04-23/news/27615455_1_saurashtra-cement-mehta-group-gujarat-sidhee-cement |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130808135829/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2010-04-23/news/27615455_1_saurashtra-cement-mehta-group-gujarat-sidhee-cement |archive-date=8 August 2013 |access-date=28 July 2014 |publisher=[[The Economic Times]] (New Delhi)}}</ref> == Ebikikwatako == Ekibiina kino kyatandikibwaawo [[Nanji Kalidas Mehta]] mu 1887–1969), eyazaalibwa mu Buyindi ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’ekkumi n’omwenda. Mu 1900, ku myaka 13, yasenguka n’agenda mu [[Yuganda|Uganda]] n’atandika bizineensi ez’enjawulo omuli enimiro ya yebikoola omukolebwa amajaani, ekolero lya ppamba, ennimiro y’ebikajjo n’ekolero lya ssukaali. Mu myaka gya 1930, nga yeenyweza mu Uganda, Mehta yatandika emirimu mu Buyindi. Yatandikawo ekyuma ekikola engoye n'ekolero ly'okukola engoye mu [[:en:Porbandar|Porbandar]] mu [[:en:Gujarat|Gujarat]] ne kampuni y'eby'obusuubuzi mu [[:en:Bombay|kibuga Bombay.]] Oluvannyuma, ekolero lya semiinti eriyitibwa Saurashtra Cement Limited, lyatandikibwawo mu 1956. Mu 1972, [[Idi Amin]], eyali omukulembeze wa Uganda mu kiseera ekyo, [[:en:Expulsion_of_Asians_from_Uganda|yagoba abantu bonna abaali basibuka ku semasinga wa Asia]] bave mu ggwanga; byonna eby’ekibiina kino ebya Uganda byaweebwayo, bingi ne biweebwa [[:en:Uganda_Development_Corporation|ekitongole kya Uganda Development Corporation]] ekifugibwa gavumenti . <ref name="Jørgensen1981">{{Cite book |last=Jørgensen |first=Jan Jelmert |year=1981 |title=Uganda: A Modern History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=09MNAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA288 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-0-85664-643-0 |pages=288–290 |access-date=12 August 2010}}</ref> Ekibinja kino kyasa esira ku bizineensi zaabwe ezitaali zabafrika; okutandikawo ekitongole ekikola ku by’okwebuuza ku bantu mu Buyindi n’ekolero lya pulasitiika mu Canada nga lifuuka ekibiina ky’ensi yonna ekya ddala mu myaka gya 1970. Mu 1979, Amin yaggyibwa mu buyinza era ekibiina ne kikomezebwaawo mu Uganda okwediza eby’obugagga byakyo. Mu biseera by'emyaka gya 1980 ekiwayi kya Agrima Consultancy mu kibiina kino kyagaziwa ne kituuka mu [[Ethiopia]], [[Cameroon]], [[Sudaani|Sudan]], [[Burundi]], [[Nigeria]], [[Nepal]], [[:en:Sri_Lanka|Sri Lanka]] ne [[:en:Myanmar|Myanmar.]] Ekibiina kino kyadaabiriza bizineensi zaakyo zonna eza Uganda mu kiseera kino. Ekolero lya semiinti eky'okubiri kyatandikibwaawo mu Buyindi, nga kimannyikiddwa nga ekitongole kya Gujarat Sidhee Cement Limited. Mu myaka gya 1990 ekibiina kino kyayingira mu by'okudukanya eby’ensiimbi nga kitandikawo kampuni ya Transafrica Assurance Company Limited. Mu kiseera kino, amakolero ga semiinti mu Buyindi gaagaziyizibwa ne gafuuka ag’omulembe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=History of The Mehta Group of Companies |url=http://www.mehtagroup.com/history.html# |access-date=28 July 2014 |publisher=MehtaGroup.Com}}</ref> == Kampuni zebadukanya == Kampuni z’ekibiina kya Mehta Group kuliko, naye tezikoma ku bino wammanga: <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mehta |first=Group |date=2010 |title=The Businesses of The Mehta Group |url=http://www.mehtagroup.com/our_business.html |access-date=28 July 2014 |publisher=MehtaGroup.Com}}</ref> ; Ebuyindi * Kampuni ya Saurashtra Cement Limited – [[:en:Ranavav|Ranavav]], Gujarat mu Buyindi * Ekitongole kya Gujarat Sidhee Cement Limited e Sidheegram, Gujarati mu Buyindi * Ekitongole Agrima Consultants International Limited e [[:en:Mumbai|Mumbai]] mu Buyindi * Kampuni ya Mehta Private Limited e Mumbai Buyindi * [[:en:Kolkata_Knight_Riders|Kolkata Knight Riders]] mu Buyindi * Global Cups & Consumables Private Limited ku [[:en:Kandla_Port|mwalo gw’e Kandla]] e Gujarat mu Buyindi. ; Mu Uganda * Kkampuni ya Transafrica Assurance Company Limited e [[Kampala]] mu Uganda * Ekitongole kya Transafrica Commerce Limited e Kampala mu Uganda * [[Ekitongole kya Sugar Corporation ekya Uganda Limited|Sugar Corporation of Uganda Limited]] (SCOUL) e [[Lugazi]] mu Uganda <ref>{{Cite web |last=Habati |first=Mubatsi Asinja |date=27 August 2011 |title=Mabira: No Storm In Mehta's Tea Cup |url=http://www.independent.co.ug/News/news-analysis/4550-mabira-no-storm-in-mehtas-tea-cup |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728194116/http://www.independent.co.ug/News/news-analysis/4550-mabira-no-storm-in-mehtas-tea-cup |archive-date=28 July 2014 |access-date=28 July 2014 |publisher=[[The Independent (Uganda)]]}}</ref> * [[Essundiro ly'amasannyalaze ery'ebbugumu ery'e Lugazi|Esundiro ly’amasannyalaze e Lugazi]] erisinganibwa mu Lugazi mu Uganda * Ekitongole kya Ugma Engineering Corporation Limited e Lugazi mu Uganda * Cable Corporation Limited e Lugazi mu Uganda * Uganda Hortech Limited e Lugazi mu Uganda ; E Kenya * Kampuni ya Agro Chemical and Food Company Limited mu [[:en:Muhoroni|Muhoroni]] e Kenya * Ekitongole kya Mehta Group Limited mu [[:en:Nairobi|Nairobi]] e Kenya * Kampuni ya Glenn Investments Limited e Nairobi mu ggwanga lya Kenya ; Mu Amerika * Kampuni ya Monarch Plastics Inc. e [[:en:Kenosha,_Wisconsin|Kenosha]] mu [[:en:Wisconsin|Wisconsin]], Amerika == Laba nebino ==   == Ebijjulizidwaamu == {{Reflist}} == Ewalala w'oyinza okubisingaana == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250916195204/https://www.mehtagroup.com/ Omukutu gwa Mehta Group] jrme0zymeg1l3u1pj4d8aj9cv4qq6o3 0 12007 75830 70233 2026-10-01T09:43:27Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75830 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shahla Khatun''' <small>FCPS FRCOG</small> ( {{langx|bn|শাহলা খাতুন}} ) musawo wa Bangladesh era Pulofeesa w'eggwanga . == Early life and family == Khatun yazaalibwa mu maka g'ebyobufuzi [[:en:Bengali_Muslim|ag'Abasiraamu ab'e Bengali]] mu [[:en:Sylhet|kibuga Sylhet]] . Kitaawe ye, [[:en:Abu_Ahmad_Abdul_Hafiz|Abu Ahmad Abdul Hafiz]], mukugu mu bunnamateeka , y’omu ku baatandikawo ettabi lya Sylhet erya [[:en:All-India_Muslim_League|All-India Muslim League]] era yeetaba mu [[:en:Pakistan_Movement|kibiina kya Pakistan Movement]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=সংরক্ষণাগারভুক্ত অনুলিপি |url=http://sylhetsadar.sylhet.gov.bd/site/page/5a02709b-0757-11e7-a6c5-286ed488c766/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%20%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616030203/http://sylhetsadar.sylhet.gov.bd/site/page/5a02709b-0757-11e7-a6c5-286ed488c766/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%20%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC |archive-date=16 June 2018 |access-date=31 December 2018 |website=[[Sylhet Sadar Upazila]] |language=bn}}</ref> Maama we [[:en:Syeda_Shahar_Banu|ye Syeda Shahar Banu]] yali omu ku bakyala abakulembedde mu [[:en:Bengali_language_movement|kibiina ky'olulimi Olubengali]] . Alina baganda be kkumi na basatu okuli [[:en:Abul_Maal_Abdul_Muhith|A. M. Abdul Muhith]] eyali [[:en:Minister_of_Finance_(Bangladesh)|Minisita w’ebyensimbi]] mu Bangladesh, ne [[:en:AK_Abdul_Momen|A. K. Abdul Momen]], [[:en:Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Bangladesh)|Minisita w’ensonga z’ebweru]] w’eggwanga aliko mu ntebe. == Career == Khatun musawo wa bakyala. Abaddeko mu IPGMR, mu kiseera kino [[:en:Bangabandhu_Sheikh_Mujib_Medical_University|mu Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University]] akola nga pulofeesa era akulira ekitongole, ekitongole ky’abazaalisa n’abakyala. Era aweereza mu ddwaaliro lya Green Life Hospital ng’omusawo w’abakyala n’okuzaala. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-09 |title=Prof. Dr. Shahla Khatun |url=https://wheresmydoctor.com/listing/prof-dr-shahla-khatun/ |access-date=2024-02-11 |website=Where's My Doctor? |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240413150512/https://wheresmydoctor.com/listing/prof-dr-shahla-khatun/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yayingizibwa nga [[:en:National_Professor|Pulofeesa w'eggwanga]] [[:en:Government_of_Bangladesh|gavumenti ya Bangladesh]] mu mwaka gwa 2011. Era yasomesa mu [[:en:Bangladesh_Medical_College|ttendekero ly'abasawo erya Bangladesh]] . <ref name="glh"/> == Career == '''Shahla Khatun''' <small>FCPS FRCOG</small> ( {{langx|bn|শাহলা খাতুন}} ) musawo wa Bangladesh era Pulofeesa w'eggwanga . Khatun yazaalibwa mu maka g'ebyobufuzi [[:en:Bengali_Muslim|ag'Abasiraamu ab'e Bengali]] mu [[:en:Sylhet|kibuga Sylhet]] . Kitaawe ye, [[:en:Abu_Ahmad_Abdul_Hafiz|Abu Ahmad Abdul Hafiz]], mukugu mu bunnamateeka , y’omu ku baatandikawo ettabi lya Sylhet erya [[:en:All-India_Muslim_League|All-India Muslim League]] era yeetaba mu [[:en:Pakistan_Movement|kibiina kya Pakistan Movement]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=সংরক্ষণাগারভুক্ত অনুলিপি |url=http://sylhetsadar.sylhet.gov.bd/site/page/5a02709b-0757-11e7-a6c5-286ed488c766/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%20%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616030203/http://sylhetsadar.sylhet.gov.bd/site/page/5a02709b-0757-11e7-a6c5-286ed488c766/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%20%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC |archive-date=16 June 2018 |access-date=31 December 2018 |website=[[Sylhet Sadar Upazila]] |language=bn}}</ref> Maama we [[:en:Syeda_Shahar_Banu|ye Syeda Shahar Banu]] yali omu ku bakyala abakulembedde mu [[:en:Bengali_language_movement|kibiina ky'olulimi Olubengali]] . Alina baganda be kkumi na basatu okuli [[:en:Abul_Maal_Abdul_Muhith|A. M. Abdul Muhith]] eyali [[:en:Minister_of_Finance_(Bangladesh)|Minisita w’ebyensimbi]] mu Bangladesh, ne [[:en:AK_Abdul_Momen|A. K. Abdul Momen]], [[:en:Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Bangladesh)|Minisita w’ensonga z’ebweru]] w’eggwanga aliko mu ntebe. Khatun musawo wa bakyala. Abaddeko mu IPGMR, mu kiseera kino [[:en:Bangabandhu_Sheikh_Mujib_Medical_University|mu Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University]] akola nga pulofeesa era akulira ekitongole, ekitongole ky’abazaalisa n’abakyala. Era aweereza mu ddwaaliro lya Green Life Hospital ng’omusawo w’abakyala n’okuzaala. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-09 |title=Prof. Dr. Shahla Khatun |url=https://wheresmydoctor.com/listing/prof-dr-shahla-khatun/ |access-date=2024-02-11 |website=Where's My Doctor? |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240413150512/https://wheresmydoctor.com/listing/prof-dr-shahla-khatun/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yayingizibwa nga [[:en:National_Professor|Pulofeesa w'eggwanga]] [[:en:Government_of_Bangladesh|gavumenti ya Bangladesh]] mu mwaka gwa 2011. Era yasomesa mu [[:en:Bangladesh_Medical_College|ttendekero ly'abasawo erya Bangladesh]] . <ref name="glh"/> == Omulimu == '''Shahla Khatun''' <small>FCPS FRCOG</small> ( {{langx|bn|শাহলা খাতুন}} ) musawo wa Bangladesh era Pulofeesa w'eggwanga . Khatun yazaalibwa mu maka g'ebyobufuzi [[:en:Bengali_Muslim|ag'Abasiraamu ab'e Bengali]] mu [[:en:Sylhet|kibuga Sylhet]] . Kitaawe ye, [[:en:Abu_Ahmad_Abdul_Hafiz|Abu Ahmad Abdul Hafiz]], mukugu mu bunnamateeka , y’omu ku baatandikawo ettabi lya Sylhet erya [[:en:All-India_Muslim_League|All-India Muslim League]] era yeetaba mu [[:en:Pakistan_Movement|kibiina kya Pakistan Movement]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=সংরক্ষণাগারভুক্ত অনুলিপি |url=http://sylhetsadar.sylhet.gov.bd/site/page/5a02709b-0757-11e7-a6c5-286ed488c766/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%20%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616030203/http://sylhetsadar.sylhet.gov.bd/site/page/5a02709b-0757-11e7-a6c5-286ed488c766/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%20%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC |archive-date=16 June 2018 |access-date=31 December 2018 |website=[[Sylhet Sadar Upazila]] |language=bn}}</ref> Maama we [[:en:Syeda_Shahar_Banu|ye Syeda Shahar Banu]] yali omu ku bakyala abakulembedde mu [[:en:Bengali_language_movement|kibiina ky'olulimi Olubengali]] . Alina baganda be kkumi na basatu okuli [[:en:Abul_Maal_Abdul_Muhith|A. M. Abdul Muhith]] eyali [[:en:Minister_of_Finance_(Bangladesh)|Minisita w’ebyensimbi]] mu Bangladesh, ne [[:en:AK_Abdul_Momen|A. K. Abdul Momen]], [[:en:Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Bangladesh)|Minisita w’ensonga z’ebweru]] w’eggwanga aliko mu ntebe. Khatun musawo wa bakyala. Abaddeko mu IPGMR, mu kiseera kino [[:en:Bangabandhu_Sheikh_Mujib_Medical_University|mu Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University]] akola nga pulofeesa era akulira ekitongole, ekitongole ky’abazaalisa n’abakyala. Era aweereza mu ddwaaliro lya Green Life Hospital ng’omusawo w’abakyala n’okuzaala. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-09 |title=Prof. Dr. Shahla Khatun |url=https://wheresmydoctor.com/listing/prof-dr-shahla-khatun/ |access-date=2024-02-11 |website=Where's My Doctor? |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240413150512/https://wheresmydoctor.com/listing/prof-dr-shahla-khatun/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yayingizibwa nga [[:en:National_Professor|Pulofeesa w'eggwanga]] [[:en:Government_of_Bangladesh|gavumenti ya Bangladesh]] mu mwaka gwa 2011. Era yasomesa mu [[:en:Bangladesh_Medical_College|ttendekero ly'abasawo erya Bangladesh]] . <ref name="glh">{{Cite web |title=National Professor Shahla Khatun |url=https://greenlifehospital.com.bd/consultant/national-professor-shahla-khatun |access-date=16 May 2023 |website=Green Life Hospital |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230517040052/https://greenlifehospital.com.bd/consultant/national-professor-shahla-khatun |archive-date=17 May 2023 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda]] fq7lrrf60hi0xabt0izxbew49kbr5ww 0 12184 75805 61479 2026-10-01T05:28:39Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75805 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kayaga Baroda Watongola''' [[:en:Politician|munnabyabufuzi]] [[:en:Uganda|Omunnayuganda]] era [[:en:Legislator|omu kubakola amateeka mu ggwanga]]. Ye Mubaka wa Paalamenti akiikirira munisipaali y'e Kamuli mu [[Parliament of Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] ey'e 11. Yayingira Paalamenti nga talina kibiina kyeyali agiddemu, okugyako okubeera obwanamunigina. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Benard |first=Don M. |date=2020-11-27 |title=Kyambogo University Finalist Nominated to Contest for Her Fallen Mother's MP Seat |url=https://campusbee.ug/news/kyambogo-university-finalist-nominated-to-contest-for-her-fallen-mothers-mp-seat/ |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=Campus Bee |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2021-02-23 |title=Kamuli Municipality MP Elect Kayanga Embarks on "Non-Violent Youth Project" - |url=https://www.redpepper.co.ug/2021/02/kamuli-mp-elect-kayanga/ |access-date=2022-04-06 |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406224604/https://www.redpepper.co.ug/2021/02/kamuli-mp-elect-kayanga/ |archive-date=2022-04-06 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-05 |title=KAMULI: Hon.Baroda Watongola donates to locals Covid-19 Relief items |url=https://www.nbsgroupuganda.com/kamuli-hon-baroda-watongola-donates-to-locals-covid-19-relief-items/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804232833/https://www.nbsgroupuganda.com/kamuli-hon-baroda-watongola-donates-to-locals-covid-19-relief-items/ |archive-date=2021-08-04 |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=NBS 89.4FM |language=en-US}}</ref> == Obuvo n’Eby'enjigiriza == Baroda Watongola muwala w’omugenzi Hajjat [[Rehema Tiwuwe Watongola]], eyali Omubaka wa Paalamenti ng'akiikirira Munisipaali y’e Kamuli, ne Badiru Watongola, ssentebe w’ekibiina [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) mu Munisipaali y'e Kamuli. <ref name=":2">{{Citation|title=Deceased MP Watongola's daughter joins MP contest for Kamuli municipality|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdEFzCCxOnY|language=en|access-date=2022-04-06}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2020-11-24 |title=Daughter nominated to compete for deceased mother's MP seat in Kamuli Municipality |url=http://nilepost.co.ug/2020/11/24/daughter-nominated-to-compete-for-deceased-mothers-mp-seat-in-kamuli-municipality/ |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=Nile Post |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=URN |title=Late Watongola's daughter Kayaga nominated for Kamuli MP seat |url=https://observer.ug/news/headlines/67492-late-watongola-s-daughter-kayaga-nominated-for-kamuli-mp-seat |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=The Observer - Uganda |language=en-gb}}</ref> <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Watongola's daughter fights for her mother's shoes |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1533437 |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> Baroda Watongola yasomerako ku Kyambogo University, gyeyafunira Diguli mu [[:en:Community-based_rehabilitation|Kulaakulanya Embeera y'Abantu abalina Obulemu ku Mibiri]]. Era alina dipulooma mu koosi y’emu. <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":3"/> <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2020-11-24 |title=Fallen Kamuli MP's daughter joins race to replace her |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/fallen-kamuli-mp-s-daughter-joins-race-to-replace-her-3208374 |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Emirimu == Baroda yadira maama we mu bigere ng'eyavuganya ku kifo kya [[:en:Municipality|Munisipaali]] [[Kamuli|y’e Kamuli]] oluvannyuma lwa nnyina Hajjat Rehema Watongola okufa [[:en:COVID-19|ekirwadde kya Covid 19]] ng’ebula emyezi mitono okulonda kwa bonna mu Uganda okwa 2021 kwe yali agenderera okwetabamu. Abalonzi e Kamuli baalaba Baroda ng'eyali asobola okudira maama we mu bigere. <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":3"/> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-25 |title=Daughter to deceased Kamuli Municipality MP Watongola nominated to "defend" mother's Seat |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/2020/11/25/daughter-to-deceased-kamuli-municipality-mp-watongola-nominated-to-defend-mothers-seat/ |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=Matooke Republic |language=en-US |archive-date=2020-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126204804/https://www.matookerepublic.com/2020/11/25/daughter-to-deceased-kamuli-municipality-mp-watongola-nominated-to-defend-mothers-seat/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":4"/> <ref name=":5"/> <ref name=":6"/> Ono era yafunye okuwagirwa okuva eri pulezidenti w’ekibiina kya [[Olukiiko olw'Enkyukakyuka mu Bufuzi bwa demokulasiya|Forum for Democratic Change (FDC)]] Ying. Patrick Oboi Amuriat wadde nga yali akiikirira endowooza y’ebyobufuzi ey’enjawulo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-12-27 |title=Video: FDC's Amuriat Endorses NRM-leaning Candidate for Kamuli Municipality MP Seat |url=https://chimpreports.com/fdcs-amuriat-endorses-nrm-leaning-candidate-for-kamuli-municipality-mp-seat/ |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2021, Baroda yeegwanyiza ekifo ky’Omubaka nga talina kibiina kyabyabufuzi ky'akiikiridde nga maama we bweyali akikoze. Yawangula Mastula Namatovu owa [[National Resistance Movement]], Mosses Bigirwa owa [[National Unity Platform]] (NUP) ne Ying. Geoffrey Mugoye (omulala eyali talina kibiina kyabyabufuzi kyeyali agiddemu). <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":4"/> <ref name=":5"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The women who trounced men in parliamentary races |url=https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/87058 |access-date=2022-04-06 |website=Bukedde |language=en |archive-date=2024-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127010943/https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/87058 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwaamu == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] ooo85eydb8qq9laduqivqceg9482nyf 0 12238 75817 60575 2026-10-01T08:12:41Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75817 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Opiyo Oloya,''' nzaalwa za Uganda, nga musomesa era omuwandiisi, abeera mu Canada, mu kiseera kino y'amyuuka Omukulembezze ku [[:en:University_of_Western_Ontario|Western University]] avunaanyizibwa ku By'obwenkanya, okuteeka okunyigira abantu mu nsonga ez'enjawulo n'okubasembeza. <ref>''Western News'' 13 July 2021 https://news.westernu.ca/2021/07/opiyo-oloya-to-lead-equity-work/ </ref> Yawandiika akatabo akayitibwa ''Child to Soldier'' akaafulumizibwa ab'empapula za [[:en:University_of_Toronto|University of Toronto]] mu 2013. Akatabo kano kakwata ku bajaasi naye nga baana abaayingizibwa mu magye ga [[Joseph Kony]] . <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Teresa Latchford |date=20 October 2011 |title=Fleet-footed principal leads by example |url=https://www.yorkregion.com/news-story/1463301-fleet-footed-principal-leads-by-example/ |access-date=5 December 2019 |publisher=Yorkregion.com |place=Newmarket, Ontario, Canada |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191007175552/https://www.yorkregion.com/news-story/1463301-fleet-footed-principal-leads-by-example/ |archive-date=7 October 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Obuvo n'obuyigirize == Oloya yazaalibwa mu kyalo Pamin-Yai, mu [[Amuru (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Amuru]] ey’omulembe guno, [[:en:Northern_Region,_Uganda|mu kitundu ky’obukiikakkono, mu Uganda]], mu 1957. <ref name="Father">{{Cite web |last=Oloya |first=Opiyo |date=22 June 2010 |title=Happy Father's Day Mzee Alipayo Oloya! I Salute You |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/20/723474 |access-date=1 April 2015}}</ref> Mu kiseera bwe yazaalibwa, Disitulikiti y’e Amuru kyali kitundu ku [[Gulu (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Gulu]] ebaliraanye kati. Oluvannyuma lw’okusomera ku masomero g'omukitundu ky'ewaabwe, yagenda ku [[:en:Sir_Samuel_Baker_Secondary_School|Sir Samuel Baker Secondary School]] gyeyasomera okuva mu S1 okutuuka ku S3, okuva mu 1973 okutuuka mu 1976. Yakyuka n’agenda mu [[:en:St._Peter's_College_Tororo|St. Peter’s College e Tororo]], gyeyatuulira S.4 ne S.6, okuva mu 1976 okutuuka mu 1979. Mu 1979 yakirizibwa ku [[:en:Makerere_University|Makerere University]] okusoma a diguli mu Sayaansi w'eby'obufuzi. Bwe yali e Makerere, yeenyigira nnyo mu by'obufuzi ng'ali kutendekero lino era n’alondebwa okuba pulezidenti w’Ekibiina E''kigatta Abayizi mu Makerere University''. Endowooza ze zaakontana nga n'ab'obuyinza abaali mu biseera bya [[Milton Obote|Obote II]] eyali mu buyinza mu kiseera ekyo. <ref name="Music">{{Cite web |last=Oloya |first=Opiyo |date=2008 |title=Biography of Opiyo Oloya |url=http://www.rootsworld.com/rw/feature/oloyabio.html |access-date=1 April 2015 |publisher=Rootsworld.com}}</ref> Mu 1981, yaddukira ku muliraano e Kenya, nga tanamaliriza misomo gye egya diguli. <ref>{{cite news|last=Lubega|first=Henry|date=2019|title=He fled Mak a student, returned as a lecturer|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/He-fled-Mak-student-returned-lecturer/688334-5184728-eavhac/index.html|work=Daily Monitor|access-date=7 October 2019}}</ref> Yawaaba omusango gw’obubudamu e Kenya era n’akkirizibwa [[:en:Canada|Canada]], gye yasengukira mu 1981. Yeeyongerayo n'emisomo gye ku [[:en:Queen's_University_at_Kingston|Queen’s University]], n’atikirwa diguli mu [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|By'emisomo Egy'enjawulo Sayansi w’Eby'obufuzi]] mu 1986. Yagenda mu maaso n’afuna diguli ey'Okubiri mu By'okusomesa okuva mu [[:en:University_of_Ottawa|University of Ottawa]] mu 1988. <ref name="Music"/> Mu Gwomukaaga mu 2010, yafuna obuwanguzi bw'okuwolereza ebbaluwa ye ey'okusoma diguli Ey'okusatu okuva mu [[:en:York_University|York University]]. <ref name="Father"/> == Emirimu == Oloya ye muwandiisi wa bitabo ebiwerako, omuli ''Child to Soldier'' ( [[:en:University_of_Toronto_Press|University of Toronto Press]], 2013) ne ''Black Hawks rising: emboozi y’olutalo lwa AMISOM olw’obuwanguzi n’abayeekera ba Somalia, 2007-2014'' . <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hurlbut |first=Joanne |date=2015 |title=Review: Child to Soldier: Stories from Joseph Kony's Lord's Resistance Army |journal=Nova Religio |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=126–8 |doi=10.1525/nr.2015.18.3.126 |jstor=10.1525/nr.2015.18.3.126}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Solomon |first=Hussein |date=2017 |title=Book Review: BLACK HAWKS RISING: THE STORY OF AMISOM'S SUCCESSFUL WAR AGAINST SOMALI INSURGENTS, 2007-2014. |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/smsajms/article/view/160599/150170 |journal=Scientia Militaria: South African Journal of Military Studies |volume=45 |issue=1 |pages=155–7 |doi=10.5787/45-1-1199 |access-date=7 October 2019 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Omulimu omukulu Opiyo Oloya gwe yalonda gwakusomesa. == Laba ne == * [[Amuru (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Amuru]] * [[Gulu]] * [[Betty Oyella Bigombe|Betty Bigombe]] * [[:en:Acholi_sub-region|Ekitundu ekitono ekya Acholi]] == Ebijuliziddwaamu == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannayuganda abasomesa]] [[Category:Abasomesa]] 3ufzup7w06ya3bacpaqyf8r9ju8832s 0 12440 75819 68324 2026-10-01T08:38:36Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75819 wikitext text/x-wiki   Prof. Philippa Musoke musawo munnauganda, musomesa, munoonyereza era pulofeesa mu dipatimenti y’abaana n’ebyobulamu by’abaana, mu yunivasite y’e Makerere era ng’akola okunoonyereza ne MU-JHU,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Philippa Musoke {{!}} EA Health |url=https://www.eahealth.org/users/philippa-musoke |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=www.eahealth.org |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260125022718/https://www.eahealth.org/users/philippa-musoke |archive-date=2026-01-25 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ssentebe wa minisitule y’ebyobulamu, PMTCT n’obukiiko obw’ekikugu obwa Pediatric Antiretroviral Therapy.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Professor Philippa Musoke {{!}} Hic Vac |url=https://www.hic-vac.org/members/members-profiles/professor-philippa-musoke |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=www.hic-vac.org}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2022, Philippa yafuna omudaali gwa The Golden Jubilee Medal ogwamuweebwa ng’alaga obuweereza obw’enjawulo n’obwesigwa eri Uganda okuva mu gwe kumi nga 9th 1962 (Uganda lwe yafuna obwetwaze okuva mu Bungereza) okutuusa kati n’olw’omulimu gwe yakola mu kunoonyereza ku Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) mu Uganda.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Philippa Musoke {{!}} Makerere University College Of Health Sciences {{!}} MakCHS |url=https://chs.mak.ac.ug/team/philippa-musoke |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=chs.mak.ac.ug |archive-date=2025-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250623054752/https://chs.mak.ac.ug/team/philippa-musoke |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2022-01-30 |title=Prof. Philippa Musoke receives Golden Jubilee Medal - MUJHU Research Collaboration |url=https://www.mujhu.org/news/prof-philippa-musoke-receives-golden-jubilee-medal/ |access-date=2025-04-10 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-04 |title=Number of HIV-free babies increases - study |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/number-of-hiv-free-babies-increases-study-3902764 |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Obuvo bwe n’ebyenjigiriza == Philippa Musoke yakulira mu maka amanene ng’alina baganda be kkumi mu [[Kampala|Kampala mu Uganda]], kitaawe gye yali Pulofeesa w’ebyobulamu by’abaana n’ebyobulamu by’abaana mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], mu ddwaaliro e Mulago. Okugoberera ebigere bye si kintu kye yasooka okulowoozaako. “Nnalina ebirowoozo ebirala, nga okubeera ballerina oba omukozi wo munyonyi”, Musoke bw’agamba ''The Lancet Infectious Diseases'' . “Naye oluvannyuma lw’okufuna omuzannyo gw’omusawo ogwateekebwawo ku Ssekukkulu emu, okwagala kwange eri ssaayansi kwatandika, ne kifuula eddagala okulonda okweyoleka”.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kirby |first=Tony |date=2021-12-01 |title=Philippa Musoke—stop mother-to-child HIV transmission |url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(21)00719-2/abstract |journal=The Lancet Infectious Diseases |language=English |volume=21 |issue=12 |pages=1641 |doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00719-2 |issn=1473-3099 |pmid=34838234 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu 1976, Musoke yeegatta ku [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]] gye yakolera diguli eyasooka mu by’obusawo ne duguli mu kuloongosa.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=MedicalS |first=Mak |date=2022-03-14 |title=Medical School Class of 1976 Visits Mak, Applauds Progress & Evolution |url=https://news.mak.ac.ug/2022/03/medical-school-class-of-1976-visits-mak-applauds-progress-evolution/ |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=Makerere University News |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250211060151/https://news.mak.ac.ug/2022/03/medical-school-class-of-1976-visits-mak-applauds-progress-evolution/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Era alina diguli mu by’obusawo n'eyokulongosa, yamaliriza ku ttendekero ly’abaana erya American Academy of Pediatrics, [[:en:Doctor_of_Philosophy|PhD]], [[Makerere University, Uganda|Makerere University]] - [[:en:Johns_Hopkins_University|Johns Hopkins University]] mu nkolagana y’okunoonyereza.<ref name=":7" /> Musoke mukugu mu ndwadde ezisiigibwa abaana, akulira ebyobulamu by’abaana n’abaana mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], College of Health Sciences. Afulumizza nnyo ku kugezesebwa mu malwaliro okuziyiza okusiiga akawuka ka siriimu okuva ku maama okutuuka ku mwana n’okujjanjaba abaana eddagala eriweweeza ku kawuka ka siriimu mu bifo ebitono.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Musoke P - Search Results - PubMed |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Musoke+P&cauthor_id=37506723 |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=PubMed |language=en}}</ref> Abaddeko ng’omuwabuzi w’eby’ekikugu mu [[:en:World_Health_Organization|WHO]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ndyabahika |first=Davidson |date=2024-01-31 |title=Mak Grants Professors David Serwadda, Phillipa Musoke a Lifetime Professor Emeritus Appointment |url=https://news.mak.ac.ug/2024/01/mak-grants-professors-david-serwadda-phillipa-musoke-a-lifetime-professor-emeritus-appointment/ |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=Makerere University News |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250211124625/https://news.mak.ac.ug/2024/01/mak-grants-professors-david-serwadda-phillipa-musoke-a-lifetime-professor-emeritus-appointment/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> era ye Ssentebe w’akakiiko akagaba amagezi ku by’ekikugu aka PMTCT mu ggwanga n’akakiiko akatono aka Pediatric ART mu [[Minisitule Evunaanyizibwa ku By'obulamu mu Uganda|minisitule y’ebyobulamu mu Uganda]] (MOH).<ref name=":0" /> Musoke abadde akulembeddemu munoonyereza ku kugezesebwa kw'obujjanjabi okuwerako okwa NIH DAIDS PMTCT ; HIVNET012, PETRA, HPTN046, SWEN/HIVIGLOB, PROMISE ne [[:en:International_Maternal_Pediatric_Adolescent_AIDS_Clinical_Trials_Group|IMPAACT]] 2010<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Philippa Musoke {{!}} IMPAACT |url=https://www.impaactnetwork.org/about/directory/9794 |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=www.impaactnetwork.org |language=en}}</ref> era era yaweereza nga omunoonyereza akulembera pulojekiti ya PMTCT ekola ng’akozesa banne ‘sengas’ (oba ‘aunties’ abalina obuyinza mu buwangwa) okutumbula okunywerera ku ART n’okusigala mu kulabirira abakyala ab’embuto ku Option B+ mu Kampala ne mu [[Mpigi (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Mpigi]] mu byalo . Oluvannyuma lw’ebyava mu kugezesebwa kwa HIVNET 012 okufulumizibwa mu 1999, Musoke na banonyereza abalala mu MU-JHU baayambako [[Minisitule Evunaanyizibwa ku By'obulamu mu Uganda|MOH]] mu kulinnyisa enkola y’eddagala lya [[:en:Nevirapine|nevirapine]] erya ddoozi emu (NVP) mu ggwanga lyonna eri PMTCT okwetoloola Uganda n’okulongoosa okwaddirira mu nkola y’okusiigibwa okuva mu maama okutuuka ku mwana (MTCT). Ebitundu by’anoonyerezaako mulimu PMTCT, Pediatric HIV infection ne childhood [[Akafuba bulwadde|Tuberculosis (TB)]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pat Flynn and Philippa Musoke {{!}} IMPAACT |url=https://www.impaactnetwork.org/pat-flynn-and-philippa-musoke |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=www.impaactnetwork.org |language=en}}</ref> Era, abadde yeenyigira mu kugezesebwa okuwera okw’obujjanjabi [[:en:HIV|bwa siriimu]] / [[Akafuba bulwadde|TB]] mu baana omuli okunoonyereza [[:en:Pharmacokinetics|ku nkola y’eddagala]] ; P1060, P1070, P1092, P1093, P1115, Odyssey, ARROW, D3 ne SHINE. Era yafuna engule y’obukulembeze mu nsi yonna eya EGPAF (Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation) gye yakola okunoonyereza okuzuula obulungi bw’eddagala ly’abakulu erya fixed-dose combination ART mu baana ng’enkola z’abaana tezifunibwa mangu. Mu kiseera kino y'omukulu wa MU-JHU Care Ltd era nga ye munoonyereza omukulu mu pulojekiti ya Birth Defects Surveillance eyassibwamu ssente [[:en:Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention|CDC]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-17 |title=Prof. Philippa Musoke - MUJHU Research Collaboration |url=https://www.mujhu.org/who-we-are/investigators/prof-philippa-musoke/ |access-date=2025-04-10 |language=en-US}}</ref> Musoke mu kiseera kino ye mumyuka wa ssentebe w’ensi yonna mu [[Amerika]], [[:en:National_Institutes_of_Health|National Institutes of Health]] (NIH), Division of [[Siriimu|AIDS]], [[:en:International_Maternal_Pediatric_Adolescent_AIDS_Clinical_Trials_Group|IMPAACT]] network.<ref name=":3" /> Emiko egisukka mu 150 egyekenneenyeddwa bannaabwe era nga ayanjudde mu nkuŋŋaana z’eggwanga n’ensi yonna eziwera era nga yakola kinene mu kuziyiza akawuka ka siriimu mu nsi yonna. Musoke akyakola nnyo okusomesa, okulabirira n’okubuulirira abayizi abasoma obusawo n’abayizi abasoma diguli eyookubiri mu dipatiment y’abaana n’ebyobulamu by’abaana. Alabirira n’abaana abalwadde mu waadi z’abaana mu ddwaaliro e Mulago.<ref name=":1" /> == Engule == * Engule y'obukulembeze bw'ensi yonna eya EGPAF * Omudaali gwa Jubilee ya Zaabu mu 2022.<ref name=":5" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2022-01-30 |title=Prof. Philippa Musoke receives Golden Jubilee Medal - MUJHU Research Collaboration |url=https://www.mujhu.org/news/prof-philippa-musoke-receives-golden-jubilee-medal/ |access-date=2025-04-10 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-02 |title=About us - MUJHU Research Collaboration |url=https://www.mujhu.org/who-we-are/about-us/ |access-date=2025-04-10 |language=en-US}}</ref> * Engule y’okusiima, olw’ebintu eby’enjawulo bye yakola mu kutumbula okuziyiza okusiiga akawuka ka siriimu mu kiseera ky’okuzaala, Canada mu 1999.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Sciences (TWAS) |first=The World Academy of |title=Musoke, Philippa {{!}} TWAS |url=https://twas.org/directory/musoke-philippa |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=twas.org |language=en}}</ref> * Engule y'eggwanga ey'empisa z'ebiramu, Uganda National Council for Science and Technology, Uganda mu 2017.<ref name=":4" /> * Engule y'empisa mu ggwanga eya ANREC 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-28 |title=Prof. Philippa awarded ANREC 2017 National Ethics Award - MUJHU Research Collaboration |url=https://www.mujhu.org/news/prof-philippa-awarded-anrec-2017-national-ethics-award/ |access-date=2025-04-10 |language=en-US}}</ref> * Fellow mu ttendekero ly’abaana mu Amerika.<ref name=":4" /> * Fellow of Uganda Academy of ssaayansi.<ref name=":4" /> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannayuganda abasomesa]] [[Category:Abasomesa]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Makerere University]] l4edk9hr4048il3mj2403jal9seht9h 0 12574 75818 75608 2026-10-01T08:12:54Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75818 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Otole''' [[:en:War_dance|mazina agabiibizibwa mu lutalo]] ag'obuwangwa bwa [[:en:Acholi_people|Acholi]] . Ekigendererwa kyago kuyigiriza bavubuka ba Acholi ku biki byebalina okusuubira mu kiseera ky’okulwana. Abeetaba mu mazina gano kuliko abasajja n’abakazi ab’amaanyi ab’emyaka wakati wa 30-50. <ref>{{Cite web |title=- New Vision Official |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428104839/https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined |archive-date=2022-04-28 |access-date=2026-09-28 |website=www.newvision.co.ug |language=en |url-status=live}}</ref> == Ebigendererwa == Amazina ga Otole gaalina ebigendererwa ebiwerako, omuli: <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Steinhauer |first=Jason |date=2016-11-28 |title=Dance, Manhood and Warfare Amongst the Acholi People of Northern Uganda {{!}} Insights |url=https://blogs.loc.gov/kluge/2016/11/dance-manhood-and-warfare-amongst-the-acholi-people-of-northern-uganda |access-date=2026-09-28 |website=The Library of Congress}} </ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2024-07-23 |title=Uganda Traditional Dances. Top Cultural Dances In Uganda {{!}} Exclusive African Safaris |url=https://ugandasafariexperts.com/uganda-traditional-dances/ |access-date=2026-09-28 |language=en-US}}</ref> * Okweteekateeka omubiri okulwana * Okwegezaamu mu nsengeka z’okulumba n’obukodyo. * Okwetegekera okuklwana n'efujjo mu birowoozo * Okusitula obuwagizi bw’abantu eri ekiteeso ky’okulwana == Okunnyonnyola == Amazina Otole gategekebwanga ku mulanga gw’omutaka. <ref name=":0"/> Amazina gano mwabangamu okujaguza obuwanguzui n’entalo ez’ebicupuli. Mu kiseera ky’amazina ga Otole, abasajja bayambalanga amaliba g’engo n'ebyooya bya Ssekkokko, era basitulanga [[:en:Horn_(anatomy)|amayembe]], <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Okot |first=Betty J. |date=2019-01-02 |title=Kun Coo Kun Coo – Men for Men and the Curse in a Blessing: Gender and the Orature of War and Peace among the Acholi of Uganda |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/23277408.2018.1510644 |journal=Eastern African Literary and Cultural Studies |publisher=Routledge |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=37–53 |doi=10.1080/23277408.2018.1510644 |issn=2327-7408}}</ref> engabo, n’amafumu. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1"/> Abakazi baasitulanga obubazzi obutono obw'emiti oba emiggo egitalina nkula. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":2" /> Omuyimbi omukazi omukulu atandika amazina [[:en:Ululation|n'enduulu]], era omusajja akulembera n’atandika okugegenya okulwana. <ref name=":2"/> Amazina ga Otole gawerekerwako enggoma, era abeegeetabamu bayimba oba okuleekaana ennyimba z’olutalo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=- New Vision Official |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220428104839/https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined |archive-date=2022-04-28 |access-date=2026-09-28 |website=www.newvision.co.ug |language=en |url-status=live}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Otole Dance -- [Digital Collection of East African Recordings] |url=https://diglib.library.vanderbilt.edu//displayitem.pl?RC=59 |access-date=2026-09-28 |website=diglib.library.vanderbilt.edu}}</ref> Mu mazina gano, abakyala batambulira mu kibinja nga bakuumibwa abasajja ku ma bbali akabonero akalaga nti abasajja bakakasa obukuumi eri abakyala. <ref name=":2"/> == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == 6onq9jjrja4vs3o1v1egin5mvfh621w 0 12660 75799 68340 2026-10-01T03:58:35Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75799 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jackson Orem''' musawo [[:en:Ugandan|omunnayuganda]], akola ku kkansa era munoonyereza. Abadde ddayirekita w'ekitongole kya [[:en:Uganda_Cancer_Institute|Uganda Cancer]], okuva mu mwaka gwa 2004. <ref name="1R"/> == Ensibuko n’obuyigirize == Orem yazaalibwa mu Uganda era yasomera mu masomero ga ppulayimale ne siniya ag'omu kitundu. Kitaawe yali muvuzi wa mmotoka era nga mutunzi. Maama we yali mukyala wa waka. Oluvannyuma [[:en:High_school|lwa siniya]] yayingizibwa mu ssomero ly'obusawo [[:en:Makerere_University_School_of_Medicine|mu yunivasite e Makerere]] erisinga obukadde mu [[:en:East_Africa|buvanjuba bwa Afrika]] . Yatikkirwa diguli y'o [[:en:Bachelor_of_Medicine_and_Bachelor_of_Surgery|busawo n'okulongoosa]] (MBChB). Oluvannyuma lw’okutendekebwa, yaddamu okuyingizibwa mu yunivasite e Makerere okusoma [[:en:Master_of_Medicine|diguli eyookubiri mu by’obusawo]] (MMed), mu [[:en:Internal_Medicine|by’obusawo obw’omunda]], n’atikkirwa ku ntandikwa y’emyaka gya 2000. <ref name="1R"/> Mu mwaka gwa 2002, yava mu Uganda n’agenda e [[:en:Cleveland|Cleveland]], [[:en:Ohio|Ohio]], mu Amerika, okusoma diguli y'o [[:en:Fellowship|kussa ekimu]] ey’emyaka ebiri mu [[:en:Hematology|by’omusaayi]] ne [[:en:Oncology|kookolo]] mu Yunivasite ya [[:en:Case_Western_Reserve_University|Case Western Reserve]] . Oluvannyuma lw’okutikkirwa mu mwaka gwa 2004, yakomawo mu Uganda. Oluvannyuma, yaweebwa diguli ey'okusatu [[:en:Doctor_of_Philosophy|mu bufirosoofe]] (PhD) okuva mu [[:en:Karolinska_Institute|Karolinska Institute]] e [[:en:Solna_Municipality|Solna]], [[:en:Stockholm_County|Stockholm County]] mu Sweden. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Seattle Times |date=16 December 2012 |title=Ugandan Doctor Helping Reshape Cancer Care There |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/ugandan-doctor-helping-reshape-cancer-care-there/ |access-date=3 June 2020}}</ref> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=ecancer Journal |date=3 June 2020 |title=Editorial Board: Dr Jackson Orem, MBChB, MMed, PhD, Medical Director, Uganda Cancer Institute, Kampala, Uganda |url=https://ecancer.org/en/journal/editorial-board/67-dr-jackson-orem#:~:text=Dr%20Orem%20is%20a%20graduate,a%20Senior%20Consultant%20in%20Oncology. |access-date=3 June 2020 |publisher=ecancer Journal}}</ref> == Omulimu == Mu mwaka gwa 2004, Orem yaddayo mu Uganda okukulembera ekitongole kya Uganda Cancer. Ye yekka omutendeke, ng'alina ebisaanyizo [[:en:Oncologist|mu by’obulwadde bwa kkansa]] mu nsi eyalimu abantu obukadde 26 mu kiseera ekyo. Mu ntandikwa omugugu gw’abalwadde be gwali gusukka mu 10,000 buli mwaka. <ref name="1R"/> Mu mwaka gwa 2004, yatandika okukolagana ne Dr. Corey Casper n’abalala okuva mu [[:en:Fred_Hutchinson_Cancer_Research_Center|Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center]] (Fred Hutch), mu [[:en:Seattle,_Washington|Seattle, Washington]], mu Amerika. Enkolagana eyo yaviirako Fred Hutch okuwa abayizi abamaze diguli ya MMed okuva mu Uganda ebifo bibiri buli mwaka, okugenda mu maaso n’okutendekebwa mu by’obujjanjabi bwa kookolo okumala emyaka ebiri mu Seattle. <ref name="1R"/> Dr [[Victoria Walusansa]], eyasooka okutikkirwa mu nteekateeka eyo kati mumyuka wa ddayirekita w’abasawo mu ttendekero lya Uganda Cancer . <ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Mary Engel |date=5 August 2014 |title=A mother's wrenching choice |url=https://www.fredhutch.org/en/news/center-news/2014/08/Mothers-wrenching-choice-Ugandan-doctor-seattle-oncology.html |access-date=3 June 2020 |publisher=[[Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center]]}}</ref> Okunoonyereza kwa Dr. Orem ku kookolo eyeekuusa ku yinfekisoni naddala eyeekuusa ku kawuka. Era ayagala nnyo okujjanjaba kookolo mu bifo ebirimu eby’obugagga ebitono. <ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Joanne Silberner |date=3 December 2012 |editor-last=Sonia Narang |title=Part I: Cancer's Lonely Soldier |url=https://www.pri.org/stories/2012-12-03/part-i-cancers-lonely-soldier |access-date=3 June 2020 |publisher=The Word Podcast}}</ref> == Ebirala by’olina okulowoozaako == Dr Orem mukugu eyebuziibwako mu by'obulwadde bwa kkansa mu [[Minisitule Evunaanyizibwa ku By'obulamu mu Uganda|minisitule y'ebyobulamu mu Uganda]] . Musomesa wa kitiibwa mu [[:en:Makerere_University_College_of_Health_Sciences|ttendekero lya ssayansi w'ebyobulamu e Makerere]], era musomesa wa wabweru mu Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center. Mmemba mu kibiina ekikola ku [[:en:Non-communicable_disease|by’enddwadde ezisigibwa]] mu minisitule y’ebyobulamu mu Uganda era ssentebe w’akakiiko akakola ku bizibu n’okulondoola ebibaawo mu nteekateeka y’okugema akawuka [[:en:Human_papillomavirus_infection|ka HPV]] mu ggwanga. <ref name="2R"/> Dr Orem muyambi wa dayirekita w’omukago gwa UCI/Hutchison Cancer Center Alliance wakati w’ekitongole kya Uganda Cancer n’ekya Fred Hutchison Cancer Research Center. Mmemba w’ekibiina ekigatta abalwadde ba mukenenya (AMC), NCI international BL Clinical Care Committee era munoonyereza omukulu mu [[:en:AIDS_Clinical_Trials_Group|kibiina ekinoonyereza ku mukenenya]] . <ref name="2R"/> == Laba ne bino == * [[Mulago National Specialised Hospital|Eddwaaliro lya Mulago National Referral Hospital]] * [[:en:Uganda_Program_on_Cancer_and_Infectious_Diseases|Enteekateeka ya Uganda ku kookolo n'endwadde ezisiigibwa]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20260224162724/https://uci.or.ug/ Omukutu gwa Uganda Cancer Institute] [[Category:Bannayuganda abasomesa]] [[Category:Abasomesa]] [[Category:Abasawo mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Makerere University]] sw6z2xs9wmsy2mtx76fx2jgl0kv5b97 0 12665 75798 68249 2026-10-01T03:18:01Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75798 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gloria Seruwagi''' [[:en:Demographics_of_Uganda|Munnayuganda]] [[:en:Research|omunoonyereza]], [[:en:Teacher|omusomesa]] era [[:en:Adviser|omuwabuzi]] ku [[:en:Public_health|by'obulamu bw'abantu]] ne ssaayansi w'enneeyisa z'abantu nga ye Ddayirekita mu kitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku by'obulamu n'okutumbula ebyenfuna by'abantu (CHASE-i) era nga musomesa mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite e Makerere]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=April 2025 |title=profile/Gloria-Seruwagi |url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gloria-Seruwagi |website=www.researchgate.net}}</ref> <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Our People – CHASE-i |url=https://www.chasei.org/our-people/ |access-date=2025-04-21 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-12 |title=Struggle to contain COVID-19 |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/struggle-to-contain-covid-19/ |access-date=2025-04-21 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> == Okusoma == Gloria yafuna diguli esooka mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite e Makerere]], yamaliriza diguli ya MSc. eby'obulamu bwa bantu olw'enkulankulana mu [[:en:London_School_of_Hygiene_&_Tropical_Medicine|London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine]] (LSHTM) era naatuka ng’awandiisibwa ku kitundu ekisomesebwa ekya [[:en:Doctor_of_Public_Health|Dokita mu by'obulamu bw'abantu]] (DrPH), ne mu London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, nga tannatandika kukola ku [[:en:Doctor_of_Philosophy|PhD]] mu [[:en:University_of_Huddersfield|Yunivasite y'e Huddersfield]] . <ref name=":1"/> == Omulimu == Gloria yakola okunoonyereza okujjuvu ku butabanguko ku baana mu bifo eby’ababundabunda wansi w’ekibiina ekibagatta ekya Baobab Research Program Consortium n’olukiiko lw’abantu. <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":2"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gloria Seruwagi {{!}} EA Health |url=https://www.eahealth.org/users/gloria-seruwagi |access-date=2025-04-21 |website=www.eahealth.org |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250802182937/https://www.eahealth.org/users/gloria-seruwagi |archive-date=2025-08-02 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Matovu |first=Muhamadi |title=Report reveals high rates of violence against children in Uganda's refugee settlements |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/215906/report-reveals-high-rates-of-violence-against-children-in-ugandas-refugee-settlements |access-date=2025-04-21 |website=Nilepost News |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-14 |title=More boys facing violence in refugee settlements - report |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/more-boys-facing-violence-in-refugee-settlements-report--4762160 |access-date=2025-04-21 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref>​ Akola n'ebitongole bingi, ebakwatibwako ku mitendera mingi mu mbeera bantu n'ebyobulamu omuli ebitongole bya gavvumenti, [[:en:Private_sector|eby'obwannanyini,]] [[:en:Civil_society|obwannakyewa,]] abakolagana mu nkulankulana n'ebitundu bya UN. Ng’oggyeeko Uganda, emirimu gya Gloria gibadde gikwata ku mawanga ag’enjawulo omuli [[Kenya]], Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, [[Democratic Republic of Congo]] (DRC), South Sudan, Ethiopia, Malawi, [[:en:Bangladesh|Bangladesh]] ne Bungereza. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Gloria Seruwagi |url=https://www.elrha.org/profile/gloria-seruwagi-r2hc |access-date=2025-04-21 |website=www.elrha.org |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":2" /> Akulembedde [[:en:Project|ppuulojekiti]] eziwerako omuli; Okulanga emmere n’ebyokunywa eri abaana mu Uganda (FACe-U) agenderera okwekenneenya embeera y’emmere, enkosa yaayo ku [[Enuuni ezimbye|mugejjo]] gw’abaana n’e[[:en:Non-communicable_disease|ndwadde za Uganda ezitasiigibwa]] (NCD), Refugee Lived Experiences, Compliance and Thinking (REFLECT) mu COVID-19, okunoonyereza okwakebera [[:en:Knowledge|okumanya]], endowooza n’enkola (KAP); okunoonyereza ku ndowooza y’ekitundu ku kabi; okuwandiika [[:en:Experience|ebibaddewo]] ; n’okusalawo obusobozi [[:en:Compliance_(psychology)|n’okugoberera]] ebiragiro. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Elrha Projects - REFugee Lived Experiences, Compliance and Thinking (REFLECT) in COVID-19 |url=https://www.elrha.org/projects/reflect-covid-19-uganda |access-date=2025-04-21 |website=www.elrha.org |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Makula |first=Esther |date=2021-04-30 |title=Child Obesity: Scientists Call for Responsible Advertising on Foods |url=https://chimpreports.com/child-obesity-scientists-call-for-responsible-advertising-on-foods/ |access-date=2025-04-21 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebitabo ebifulumizibwa == * Engeri y'okwekenneenya omukutu ogutunuulidde enkola y'amawanga amangi: Ebifumiitiriza okuva mu kwekenneenya omukutu gwomutindo gw'okulabirira (QCN). <ref name=":0"/> * Okunyigirizibwa mu birowoozo n'obuwagizi mu mbeera z'abantu mu babundabunda mu lutalo mu bibuga, n'ebyalo mu Uganda: omugugu n'ebibiina. <ref name=":0" /> * Okunyweza amateeka g'abakugu mu by'obulamu mu Kenya ne Uganda. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 2025 |title=publication/358675187_Strengthening_Health_Professional_Regulation_in_Kenya_and_Uganda |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358675187 |website=www.researchgate.net}}</ref> * Enkolagana y'omuntu kinnoomu mu mutimbagano gw'okulabirira ogw'omutindo gw'okussa mu nkola ogw'amawanga amangi ogw'obulamu bwa bamaama, abalongo n'abaana: Okwekenenya emikutu gy'empuliziganya. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mukinda |first=Fidele Kanyimbu |last2=Djellouli |first2=Nehla |last3=Akter |first3=Kohenour |last4=Sarker |first4=Mithun |last5=Tufa |first5=Asebe Amenu |last6=Mwandira |first6=Kondwani |last7=Seruwagi |first7=Gloria |last8=Kyamulabi |first8=Agnes |last9=Mwaba |first9=Kasonde |last10=Marchant |first10=Tanya |last11=Shawar |first11=Yusra R. |last12=English |first12=Mike |last13=Namakula |first13=Hilda |last14=Gonfa |first14=Geremew |last15=QCN Evaluation Group |date=2023 |title=Individual interactions in a multi-country implementation-focused quality of care network for maternal, newborn and child health: A social network analysis |journal=PLOS Global Public Health |volume=3 |issue=9 |doi=10.1371/journal.pgph.0001769 |issn=2767-3375 |pmc=10513266 |pmid=37733733 |doi-access=free |article-number=e0001769}}</ref> == Pulojekiti ezikolebwa == * Ebintu Ababundabunda bye baayitamu, okugoberera n'okulowooza (jukira) mu COVID-19. <ref name=":3"/> * Enkola y'enkyukakyuka mu nneeyisa okutumbula okumanyisa abantu ku COVID-19. <ref>{{Cite web |title=New Vision - Latest News |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/health/muk-lecturer-designs-behavioral-change-model-NV_91249 |access-date=2025-04-21 |website=www.newvision.co.ug}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Makula |first=Esther |date=2021-02-18 |title=Covid-19: Researchers Develop A-Z Model to Facilitate Behavioural Change among Ugandans |url=https://chimpreports.com/covid-19-researchers-develop-a-z-model-to-facilitate-behavioural-change-among-ugandans/ |access-date=2025-04-21 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> * Okulanga emmere n'ebyokunywa eri abaana mu Uganda (FACe-U). <ref name=":4"/> == Laba ne bino == * [[Jane Aceng|Jane Ruth Aceng, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo]] * [[Lorna Magara]] == Ebijulizo == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannayuganda abasomesa]] [[Category:Abasomesa]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Makerere University]] 76sjmm84zi1nie7blaqvilm5476jbuv 0 13135 75825 48588 2026-10-01T09:17:07Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75825 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ronald Ssebuguzi''' Munnayuganda, muvuzi wa wa mpaka (Rally) avuganya mu mpaka za Uganda National Rally Championship (NRC). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |first=F. M. U. |date=2025-01-22 |title=Uganda National Rally Championship (NRC) Kicks Off in Mbarara |url=https://motorsportuganda.com/uganda-national-rally-championship-nrc-kicks-off-in-mbarara/ |access-date=2025-08-16 |website=Federation of Motorsport Clubs of Uganda |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250829144312/https://motorsportuganda.com/uganda-national-rally-championship-nrc-kicks-off-in-mbarara/ |archive-date=2025-08-29 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Omulimu gw'okuba Rally == Ssebuguzi olugendo lw’empaka zino yalutandika mu 2001 oluvannyuma lw’okusikirizibwa Charlie Lubega, yamalira mu kyakubiri mu mpaka za National Rally Championship (NRC).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=ChimpReports |date=2013-08-13 |title=High Expectations From Local Drivers Ahead Of V-Power Rally |url=https://chimpreports.com/12142-high-expectations-from-local-drivers-ahead-of-v-power-rally/ |access-date=2025-08-16 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 2004 yafuna Charlie Evo 4 gye yakozesa okuwangula empaka za National Rally Championships mu 2006.<ref name=":0" /> Mu 2013, Ronald Ssebuguzi, ng'awagirwa kkampuni ya Jomayi Property, yeetaba mu mpaka za Freedom City Challenge Rally, gye yamalira mu kifo kisooka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiyonga |first=Ismael |date=2013-03-11 |title=Ronald Ssebuguzi clinches the Freedom City Challenge Rally |url=https://kawowo.com/2013/03/11/ssebuguzi-wins-freedom-city-challenge-rally/ |access-date=2025-08-16 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 2014, Ronald Ssebuguzi yeetaba mu mpaka za Masaka Protection Unit (MPU) Rally z'Emasaka, lawundi eyookusatu mu mpaka za National Rally Championship (NRC).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiyonga |first=Ismael |date=2014-05-05 |title=Ssebuguzi extends NRC lead with MPU Rally win |url=https://kawowo.com/2014/05/05/ssebuguzi-extends-nrc-lead-with-mpu-rally-win/ |access-date=2025-08-16 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 2021, Ssebuguzi yeetaba mu mpaka za World Championship Safari Rally, ng’awebwa obutambi bwa ssente obukadde bwa Uganda ugx25 okuva mu [[:en:Shell_V-Power|kkampuni ya Shell V-Power]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-19 |title=Shell V-Power fuels Ronald Sebuguzi participation in the 2021 World Championship Safari Rally {{!}} Showbizuganda |url=https://www.showbizuganda.com/shell-v-power-fuels-ronald-sebuguzi-participation-in-the-2021-world-championship-safari-rally/ |access-date=2025-08-16 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ssebuguzi yavuganya ne mumpaka za Central Motor Club-CMC eza gwakuminagumu 2022 ezategekebwa mu disitulikiti y’e [[:en:Iganga_District|Iganga]], [[:en:Bugweri_District|Bugweri]], ne [[:en:Jinja,_Uganda|Jinja]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ssebuguzi Wins CMC Rally : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/ssebuguzi-wins-cmc-rally |access-date=2025-08-16 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2023, yeetaba mu mpaka za Mbarara Rally n’amalira mu kifo kya kubiri. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=NewVision |date=2023-02-12 |title=Yassin Nasser wins Mbarara Rally in style |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/sports/yassin-nasser-wins-mbarara-rally-in-style-NV_153714 |access-date=2025-08-16 |website=New Vision}}</ref> Mu mpaka za Bugerere Stabex East African Motor Championship (EMC) Rally eza 2025, ezaaliwo okuva nga mugwomusanvu 10–12 okwetoloola disitulikiti y’e Jinja, Kayunga, ne Iganga, Ronald Ssebuguzi yavuganya era n’amalira mu kyokusatu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Atukunda |first=Rogers |date=2025-07-14 |title=Ponsiano Lwakataka Clinches Victory at Bugerere Stabex EMC Rally 2025 |url=https://softpower.ug/ponsiano-lwakataka-clinches-victory-at-bugerere-stabex-emc-rally-2025/ |access-date=2025-08-16 |website=SoftPower News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebitiibwa n’ebituukiddwaako == Ssebuguzi yasangula, National Rally championship eza 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mutalyebwa |first=Abraham |date=2019-01-21 |title=Three-time rally national’ champion Sebuguzi off the shelf |url=https://pmldaily.com/features/celebrity/2019/01/three-time-rally-national-champion-sebuguzi-off-the-shelf.html |access-date=2025-08-16 |website=PML Daily |publisher=PML Daily Staff |language=en-US}}</ref> National Rally championship eza 2009.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2021-02-05 |title=Ssebuguzi wins third NRC crown |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/motor-sport/ssebuguzi-wins-third-nrc-crown-1586908 |access-date=2025-08-16 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> National Rally championship eza 2014.<ref name=":1"/> Ekibiina ekigatta bannamawulire mu by'emizannyo ki Uganda Sports Press Association (USPA) omukugu mu mizannyo ow'omwezi Oggwekkumi 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=2015-11-02 |title=Ssebuguzi/Ssenyange rally crew voted USPA's best in October |url=https://kawowo.com/2015/11/02/ssebuguzi-ssenyange-rally-crew-voted-october-2015-monthly-uspa-s-best/ |access-date=2025-08-16 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> Omuwanguzi w’empaka za Central Motor Club (CMC) eza 2022 Engule y'esinga no eya Fortebet Real Stars (July Motorsport)<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-06 |title=July exploits earn Ssebuguzi, Kiwalabye Fortebet Real Stars Sports Awards |url=https://sportsoceanuganda.com/july-exploits-earn-ssebuguzi-kiwalabye-fortebet-real-stars-sports-awards/ |access-date=2025-08-16 |website=Sports Ocean Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> == Laba ne == * Empaka za Uganda National Rally Championship. * Safari Rally * Shell V-Power Anthony Mugambwa<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramah |first=Sharifah Namagoba |date=2024-11-25 |title=Mugambwa feels fulfilled after securing National Rally co-driver's title |url=https://kawowo.com/2024/11/25/mugambwa-feels-fulfilled-after-securing-national-rally-co-drivers-title/ |access-date=2025-08-18 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> do3y83t2wodh9v3xzcl96umw60ehq5j 0 13761 75814 70492 2026-10-01T07:05:30Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75814 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q58175406}} '''Naana Eyiah''' munnabyabufuzi Omuganda era mmemba mu kibiina kya New Patriotic Party. Yali mubaka wa palamenti owa Gomoa Central Constituency mu Central Region of [[Ghana]].<ref>Nkrumah, Benedict Kweku. [https://www.modernghana.com/news/854369/mp-advocates-for-girl-child-education-in-gomoa-central.html "MP Advocates For Girl-Child Education In Gomoa Central"]. ''Modern Ghana''. Retrieved 2018-11-02.</ref><ref>Agbey, Gilbert Mawuli. [https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/naana-eyiah-supports-gomoa-obuasi-health-centre.html "Naana Eyiah supports Gomoa Obuasi Health Centre"]. ''Daily Graphic''. Accra, Ghana. Retrieved 2018-11-02.</ref><ref>[https://www.newsghana.com.gh/mp-settles-bills-of-55-gyaman-shs-students/ "MP settles bills of 55 Gyaman SHS students | News Ghana"]. ''NewsGhana''. Retrieved 2018-11-02.</ref> Yali omumyuka wa minisita w'ensonga z'omunda.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240623165320/https://www.mint.gov.gh/police-ladies-association-calls-on-interior-deputy-minister/ "Police Ladies Association calls on Interior Deputy Minister"]. ''Ministry of the Interior│Republic of Ghana''. July 30, 2021. Retrieved 2022-12-02.</ref><ref>Agyeman, Nana Konadu (19 June 2021). [https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/ghana-news-parliament-approves-second-batch-deputy-ministerial-appointees.html# "Parliament approves second batch deputy ministerial appointees"]. ''Daily Graphic''. Accra, Ghana. Retrieved 2 December 2022.</ref><ref>GTonline (2022-09-09). [https://www.ghanaiantimes.com.gh/british-royal-army-member-donates-equipment-to-gnfs/ "British Royal Army member donates equipment to GNFS"]. ''Ghanaian Times''. Accra, Ghana. Retrieved 2022-12-02.</ref> == Obulamu bwe obw'obuto n'okusoma kwe == Naana Eyiah yazaalibwa nga 14 Ogwokubiri 1963 era ava mu Gomoa Lome mu Masekkati ga Ghana. Yalina dipulooma mu by'okuddukanya pulojekiti mu 2017.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230328052154/https://parliament.gh/mps?mp=26 "Parliament of Ghana"]. ''www.parliament.gh''. Archived from the original on 2023-03-28. Retrieved 2024-08-29.</ref> == Emirimu == Eyiah ye yali akulira Naaba Company Limited.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230328052154/https://parliament.gh/mps?mp=26 "Parliament of Ghana"]. ''parliament of ghana''. Archived from the original on 2023-03-28. Retrieved 2022-12-02. </ref> == Ebyobufuzi == Naana Eyiah mmemba mu kibiina kya New Patriotic Party.<ref>[https://www.modernghana.com/news/842561/mp-commends-president-akufo-addo-for-creating-gomoa-central.html "MP Commends President Akufo Addo for creating Gomoa Central District Assembly"]. ''Modern Ghana''. Retrieved 2022-12-02.</ref><ref>Allotey, Godwin Akweiteh (2016-10-07). [https://web.archive.org/web/20221202163739/https://citifmonline.com/2016/10/npps-gomoa-central-candidate-cant-unseat-appoh-dce/ "NPP's Gomoa Central candidate can't unseat Appoh – DCE"]. ''Citi 97.3 FM - Relevant Radio. Always''. Retrieved 2022-12-02.</ref> Yali omumyuka wa minisita w'ebyettaka n'ebyobugagga eby'omu ttaka.<ref>Agyeman, Adwoa (2020-12-14). [https://www.adomonline.com/central-region-gets-six-women-parliamentarians/ "Central Region gets six women Parliamentarians"]. ''Adomonline.com''. Retrieved 2022-12-02.</ref><ref>[https://www.myjoyonline.com/deputy-minister-of-lands-and-natural-resources-breaks-ground-for-6-unit-classroom-block/ "Deputy Minister of Lands and Natural Resources breaks ground for 6-unit classroom block - MyJoyOnline.com"]. ''www.myjoyonline.com''. 2020-09-10. Retrieved 2022-12-02.</ref> === Okulonda kwa 2016 === Mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2016 mu Ghana, yawangula ekifo ky'omubaka wa paliyamenti owa Gomoa Central Constituency n'obululu 14,178 ekyamufuula ebitundu 51.6% ku bululu bwonna obwakubibwa, ng'omubaka wa paliyamenti owa NDC Rachel Florence Appoh yalina obululu 12,858 ekyamufuula ebitundu 46.8% ku bululu bwonna obwakubibwa, ate omubaka wa paliyamenti owa CPP Emmanuel Appoh Mensah yalina obululu 280 ekyamufuula ebitundu 1.0% ku bululu bwonna obwakubibwa ate omubaka wa paliyamenti owa PPP Grace Ignophia Appiah yalina obululu 174 ekyamufuula ebitundu 0.6% ku bululu bwonna obwakubibwa.<ref>FM, Peace. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230513002034/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/parliament/central/gomoa_central/ "2016 Election - Gomoa Central Constituency Results"]. ''Ghana Elections - Peace FM''. Archived from the original on 2023-05-13. Retrieved 2022-12-02.</ref> === Okulonda kwa 2020 === Mu kulonda kwa bonna okwa 2020 mu Ghana, yaddamu n'awangula ekifo kya paalamenti ekya Gomoa Central Constituency n'obululu 20,527 ekyamufuula ebitundu 56.81% ku bululu bwonna obwakubibwa ate nga eyeesimba ku kifo kya paalamenti ekya NDC Jonamoah Moses Jehu-Appiah yalina obululu 14,568 ekyamufuula ebitundu 42.32% ku bululu bwonna obwakubibwa, ate nga eyeesimba ku kifo kya paalamenti ekya GUM Hannah Chrissam yalina obululu 561 ekyamufuula ebitundu 1.6% ku bululu bwonna obwakubibwa ate nga eyeesimba ku kifo kya paalamenti ekya NDP Frank Otchere Painstil yalina obululu 476 ekyamufuula ebitundu 1.3% ku bululu bwonna obwakubibwa.<ref>FM, Peace. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230513002250/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/central/gomoa_central/ "2020 Election - Gomoa Central Constituency Results"]. ''Ghana Elections - Peace FM''. Archived from the original on 2023-05-13. Retrieved 2022-12-02.</ref> === Obukiiko === Quansah ali ku kakiiko ka Gavumenti akakakasa n'akakiiko k'ebyobulamu. == Obulamu bw'omuntu == Naana Eyiah yeeyita Omukrisitaayo era mufumbo alina omwana omu.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240928195634/https://ghanamps.com/mps/details.php/?id=5375 "Ghana MPs - MP Details - Eyiah, Naana"]. ''GhanaMps''. Retrieved 2018-11-02.</ref> == Okuyamba == Mu Gwokutaano 2019, yawa abakyala abasukka mu 300 mu kitundu kye engoye, emmere n'ebyokunywa.<ref>[https://www.thepublisheronline.com/mothers-day-gomoa-central-mp-celebrates-mothers-in-grand-style/ "Mothers Day: Gomoa Central MP Celebrates Mothers In Grand Style"]. ''The Publisher Online''. 2019-05-15. Retrieved 2022-12-02.</ref> Mu Gwokubiri 2020, yawa amalwaliro mu Gomoa Central Constituency ebikozesebwa mu byobulamu n'ebikozesebwa mu ofiisi.<ref>[http://ghanahospitals.org/news/details.php?id=2557 "MP donates items to Health Facilities in Gomoa Central | 7th February, 2020 - Ghana Hospitals"]. ''Ghana hospitals online''. Retrieved 2022-12-02.</ref> Mu Gwokuna 2022, yawa abayizi 120 abaatikkirwa mu kitundu kye ebikozesebwa mu masomero nga bayingira mu masomero ga siniya.<ref>hammad (2022-04-17). [https://web.archive.org/web/20221202163916/https://ghanaonlinenews.com/deputy-interior-minister-supports-120-needy-students-in-gomoa-central-2/ "Deputy Interior Minister supports 120 needy students in Gomoa Central -"]. Archived from the original on 2022-12-02. Retrieved 2022-12-02.</ref><ref>[http://www.ghanadistricts.com/Home/ReaderDistrict/6426ed9-5218-4c73-a4 "120 needy students in Gomoa Central get support from MP"]. ''GhanaDistricts''. Retrieved 2022-12-02.</ref> == Ebyokulabirako == [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda]] ku3unxc7z7zhl4lbmipbui2fctsv32i 0 13892 75794 68474 2026-10-01T01:03:01Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75794 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Crispin Kugiza Kaheru''' ( yazaalibwa 20,Ogwokusatu 1983) mulwanirizi wa ddembe lya buntu munnayuganda, mu kiseera aweereza ku bukulembeze bw’akakiiko kano nga mmemba ku [[Akakiiko k’eddembe ly’obuntu mu Uganda|kakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku ddembe ly’obuntu mu Uganda]] . <ref name=":0"/> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-22 |title=Crispin Kaheru |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/crispin-kaheru-3206508 |access-date=2024-07-24 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Crispin Kaheru Archives |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/tag/crispin-kaheru/ |access-date=2024-07-24 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite news|last=KAZIBWE|first=KENNETH|date=24 August 2021|title=Museveni appoints former Minister Lokodo, Crispin Kaheru to Human Rights Commission|url=https://nilepost.co.ug/news/113605/museveni-appoints-former-minister-lokodo-crispin-kaheru-to-human-rights-commission|access-date=24 July 2024|work=Nile Post|pages=1}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Crispin Kaheru Archives - Page 2 of 3 |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/tag/crispin-kaheru/page/2/ |access-date=2024-07-24 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Parts of Beijing locked down due to fresh virus cluster |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_186 |access-date=2024-07-24 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Global forum tipped on people-centered democracy |url=https://www.pmldaily.com/tag/crispin-kaheru |access-date=2024-07-24 |website=PML Daily |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=sabasabaupdates |date=2021-08-24 |title=I will 'Carefully' consider the proposal to serve on Human Rights Commission -Crispin Kaheru |url=https://sabasabaupdates.com/2021/08/24/i-will-carefully-consider-the-proposal-to-serve-on-human-rights-commission-crispin-kaheru/ |access-date=2024-07-24 |website=Sabasaba Updates |language=en-US}}</ref> == Okusoma kwe == Kaheru pulayimale yagisomera Ku Kabalega Primary School oluvannyuma n’agenda e Bungereza, gye yamalira emisomo gye egya siniya ng’ayita mu kusoma awaka. <ref name=":0"/> Oluvannyuma yakomawo natuula ebigezo bye eby'omutendera gwa siniya eyookuna (Uganda Certificate of Education) ku Masindi Academy. <ref name=":0" /> Oluvannyuma yeegatta ku Busoga College Mwiri ku kusoma kwe okwa [[:en:Uganda_Advanced_Certificate_of_Education|satifikeeti ya siniya eyomukaaga]] (Uganda Advanced Certificate of Education) . <ref name=":0" /> Mu 2005, yafuna ddiguli esooka mu byobufuzi okuva mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y'e Makerere]] . <ref name=":0" /> Mu 2009, yafuna dipulooma eddirira ddiguli essooka (Postgraduate Diploma) mu by'emirembe n'ebyokwerinda okuva mu yunivasite y'e [[:en:Complutense_University_of_Madrid|Complutense University of Madrid]] . <ref name=":0" /> Mu 2012, yatikkirwa ddiguli eyookubiri mu by'okuddukanya emirimu gya gavumenti n'okuddukanya emirimu okuva mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y'e Makerere]] . <ref name=":0" /> Mu 2018, yamaliriza omusomo ku kuyiga nga bwokola mu (Problem Driven Iterative Adaptation-PDIA) ku ssomero lya Gavumenti erya John F. Kennedy. <ref name=":0" /> Okugatta ku misomo gye emitongole egyomukibiina, Kaheru yeetaba mu misomo gy’okutendeka enzirukanya y’ebyokulonda egyategekebwa African Union's Department of Political Affairs, the European Union's Election Observation and Democracy Support [[:en:National_Democratic_Institute|National Democratic Institute]] (NDI), [[:en:International_Republican_Institute|International republican Institute]] (IRI), n'ekitongole kya [[:en:Electoral_Institute_for_Sustainable_Democracy_in_Africa|Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa]] (EISA). <ref name=":0" /> Mu 2003, yeetaba mu ttendekero lya [[East African Uongozi Summer Institute]] mu Yunivasite y’e Dar es Salaam. Mu 2005, yali mmemba ku kibinja ekyasooka mu nteekateeka ya British Council's Inter Action Leadership Programme. <ref name=":0" /> == Ebyafaayo eby’obuntu n’eby’emirimu == Yazaalibwa 20, Ogwokusatu 1983, mu [[Masindi (disitulikit)|disitulikiti y’e Masindi,]] eri bazadde be Micheal Stephen Kaheru ne Christine Namakula Kaheru. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Ivan |first=Mubiru |date=2019-10-08 |title=PROFILE: Who is Crispin Kaheru, the former CCEDU Coordinator? |url=https://www.watchdoguganda.com/news/20191008/79547/profile-who-is-crispin-kaheru-the-former-ccedu-coordinator.html |access-date=2024-07-24 |website=Watchdog Uganda |language=en-GB}}</ref> Kitaawe yali addukanya mirimu gya gavumenti ate nnyina yali musomesa. <ref name=":0" /> Mukyala we ye Jemimah Naburri gwe yasisinkana nga 20, Ogwokusatu 2005. Balina abaana babiri ab’obuwala okuli Crystal Kaheru ne Imara Kaheru. <ref name=":0" /> Kaheru yali munna kibiina kya [[:en:Ford_Foundation|Ford Foundation]] mu 2005, bweyali atandise gye yali atandise emirimu gye ku kakiiko ka Uganda ak’ebyokulonda<ref name=":0"/> .Oluvannyuma yeegatta ku International Republican Institute (IRI) mu 2006 nga Program Assistant era n'akuzibwa n'afuulibwa Assistant Program Officer ne Program Officer mu ofiisi za IRI mu Uganda, Bangladesh, Pakistan ne Amerika wakati wa 2006 ne 2009. <ref name=":0" /> Bwe yakomawo mu Uganda mu 2009, yeegatta ku Citizens' Coalition for Electoral Democracy in Uganda (CCEDU) . ng'omukwanaganya waayo era n’alekulira ekifo kye nga 11th October, 2019 oluvannyuma lw’okumala emyaka mwenda mu CCEDU. <ref name=":0" /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-13 |title=Crispin Kaheru resigns as CCEDU National Coordinator |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/crispin-kaheru-resigns-as-ccedu-national-coordinator-1852174 |access-date=2024-07-24 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Crispin Kaheru {{!}} The Kampala Post |url=https://kampalapost.com/index.php/taxonomy/term/1896 |access-date=2024-07-24 |website=kampalapost.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Serugo |first=Geoffery |date=2019-10-08 |title=CCEDU boss Crispin Kaheru resigns after nine years at helm |url=https://eagle.co.ug/2019/10/08/ccedu-boss-crispin-kaheru-resigns-after-nine-years-at-helm/ |access-date=2024-07-24 |website=Eagle Online |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-08 |title=Breaking News: Crispin Kaheru Resigns from CCEDU |url=https://chimpreports.com/breaking-news-crispin-kaheru-resigns-from-ccedu/ |access-date=2024-07-24 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-29 |title=Crispin Kaheru quits CCEDU |url=https://www.ntv.co.ug/ug/news/national/crispin-kaheru-quits-ccedu-2419248 |access-date=2024-07-24 |website=NTV Uganda |language=en |archive-date=2024-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240724125519/https://www.ntv.co.ug/ug/news/national/crispin-kaheru-quits-ccedu-2419248 |url-status=dead }}</ref> memba ku lukiiko olufuzi olwa Media Focus International (MFI) okuva mu 2014, akakiiko k’ebyokulonda ak’ekibiina ekigatta bannamateeka abakyala mu Uganda (FIDA-U) okuva mu 2014, akakiiko akalondoola eby’okulonda mu kibiina ekigatta bannamateeka ekya ssemateeka wa Uganda (ULS) (2015/16), Citizens’ Election Observation Network – Uganda (CEON-U) (2015/16), n’omukago gwa Anti-Corruption Coalition of Uganda (ACCU) okuva mu 2013. <ref name=":0"/> Mu 2023, yalondoola okulonda kwa pulezidenti mu Nigeria ng’omukugu mu by’okulonda eyeetongodde. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-24 |title=Uganda's Crispin Kaheru to observe Nigeria's presidential polls |url=https://www.ntv.co.ug/ug/news/national/uganda-s-crispin-kaheru-to-observe-nigeria-s-presidential-polls-4136166 |access-date=2024-07-24 |website=NTV Uganda |language=en}}</ref> Yalondebwa pulezidenti wa Uganda ng'omu ku bakamisona mu [[Akakiiko k’eddembe ly’obuntu mu Uganda|kakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku ddembe ly'obuntu aka Uganda Human Rights Commission]] . <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":2"/> <ref name=":3"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=We need more human rights defenders - Kaheru |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/NV_169769 |access-date=2024-07-24 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> == Laba ne == * Rosa Malango * [[Lilian Aber|Lilian Aber, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo]] * [[Lamex Omara Apitta|Lamex Omara Apitta, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo]] * [[Shifrah Lukwago]] * [[Miria Matembe]] == Ebijuliziddwa == * [https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/crispin-kaheru-resigns-as-ccedu-national-coordinator?districtId=577 https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/crispin-kaheru-alekulidde-omukwanaganya-wa-gwanga-ccedu?districtId=577] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20251205095435/https://uganda.uk.com/tag/crispin-kaheru/ https://web.archive.org/web/20251205095435/https://uganda.uk.com/tag/crispin-kaheru/ Omuntu w'abantu: Omuntu w'abantu:] <references /> == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == ** [https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/crispin-kaheru-resigns-as-ccedu-national-coordinator?districtId=577 https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/cispin-kaheru-resigns-as-ccedu-national-coordinator?districtId=577] ** https://uganda.uk.com/tag/crispin-kaher [[Category:Bannayuganda abasomesa]] [[Category:Abasomesa]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Makerere University]] mibyiraoe9hr6k25gbgkq7ymebv6288 0 13980 75704 53994 2026-09-30T12:40:40Z ~2026-52596-37 11927 Added References 75704 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''B''' oba '''b''' ( [[Bakaen turanci|furucci]] ) ye nnukuta eyookubiri mu nnyiriri enjeru ekozesebwa mu kuwandiika mu nnimi ez’enjawulo, omuli Tuaranci.<ref>{{citation |title=Oxford English Dictionary, ''2nd ed''. |year=1989 |contribution=B |location=Oxford |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=Merriam-Webster's 3rd New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged |year=1993 |contribution=B}}</ref> 1jpk5hnii4udxf9pofdvo8h8t8yzrlm 0 14529 75856 59720 2026-10-01T11:03:05Z Brenda Namulinda 9846 75856 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Jolly''' Katongole (15 ogwekkumi n'ebiri 1985-14 Ogwokuttaano 2015) yali muzannyi wa bikonde okuva mu Uganda, eyenyigira mu Olympics z'omusana eza 2004 ku lw'ensi gy'azaalibwamu mu [[Afirika|Afirica]][[Yuganda|.]]​[[Afirika|​]]<ref name=":0">Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et&#x20;al. "Jolly Katongole". ''Olympics at Sports-Reference.com''. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2018.</ref> Katongole yasooka okuzannya ne ttiimu y'eggwanga ku myaka 16.<ref name=":1">Abdul-Nasser Ssemugabi (1 June 2016). "Jolly Katongole: how sorcery, drugs knocked out a gem". Daily Monitor.</ref> Yawangula omudaali gw'ekikomo mu mizannyo gya Afirika yonna egyali mu 2003 mu kibuga Abuja ekya Nigeria.<ref name=":1" /> Katongole yayitamu okugenda mu Olympics z'e Athens bwe yawangula omudaali gwa zaabu mu mpaka za AIBA eza 1st African 2004 Olympic Qualifying Tournament mu kibuga Casablanca ekya Morocco. Ku fayinolo y’empaka zino yawangura Redouane Bouchtouk owa Morocco.<ref name=":1" /> Mu Olympics, yayimirizibwa mu kitundu ekisooka eky’obuzito obutono ( &#x2013; 48kg) okugabanyaamu nga [[Buturuki|Turkey]] eyatuuka n'okukwata ekyokubiri Atagün Yalçınkaya.<ref name=":0" /> Oluvanyuma lw'okuwangulwa, Katongole yava mu kibinja kya Uganda n'asigala mu Buyonaani mu ngeri emenya amateeka okutuusa lwe yagobwa mu nsi.<ref name=":1" /> Yalwanagana n'ensonga z'okukozesa ebiragalalagala okutuusa lwe yafa mu 2015, nga kigambibwa nti yalwala [[Okutana|tetanus]].<ref name=":1" /> == Ebijuliziddwa == qiffxogmiuywc444vi6euq0q4ugrv8r 75857 75856 2026-10-01T11:03:23Z Brenda Namulinda 9846 75857 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Jolly''' Katongole (15 ogwekkumi n'ebiri 1985-14 Ogwokuttaano 2015) yali muzannyi wa bikonde okuva mu [[Uganda]], eyenyigira mu Olympics z'omusana eza 2004 ku lw'ensi gy'azaalibwamu mu [[Afirika|Afirica]][[Yuganda|.]]​[[Afirika|​]]<ref name=":0">Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et&#x20;al. "Jolly Katongole". ''Olympics at Sports-Reference.com''. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2018.</ref> Katongole yasooka okuzannya ne ttiimu y'eggwanga ku myaka 16.<ref name=":1">Abdul-Nasser Ssemugabi (1 June 2016). "Jolly Katongole: how sorcery, drugs knocked out a gem". Daily Monitor.</ref> Yawangula omudaali gw'ekikomo mu mizannyo gya Afirika yonna egyali mu 2003 mu kibuga Abuja ekya Nigeria.<ref name=":1" /> Katongole yayitamu okugenda mu Olympics z'e Athens bwe yawangula omudaali gwa zaabu mu mpaka za AIBA eza 1st African 2004 Olympic Qualifying Tournament mu kibuga Casablanca ekya Morocco. Ku fayinolo y’empaka zino yawangura Redouane Bouchtouk owa Morocco.<ref name=":1" /> Mu Olympics, yayimirizibwa mu kitundu ekisooka eky’obuzito obutono ( &#x2013; 48kg) okugabanyaamu nga [[Buturuki|Turkey]] eyatuuka n'okukwata ekyokubiri Atagün Yalçınkaya.<ref name=":0" /> Oluvanyuma lw'okuwangulwa, Katongole yava mu kibinja kya Uganda n'asigala mu Buyonaani mu ngeri emenya amateeka okutuusa lwe yagobwa mu nsi.<ref name=":1" /> Yalwanagana n'ensonga z'okukozesa ebiragalalagala okutuusa lwe yafa mu 2015, nga kigambibwa nti yalwala [[Okutana|tetanus]].<ref name=":1" /> == Ebijuliziddwa == b7w9cd4sns7td6c0hlaz79ct1nf4c6v 75859 75857 2026-10-01T11:04:25Z Brenda Namulinda 9846 75859 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Jolly''' Katongole (15 ogwekkumi n'ebiri 1985-14 Ogwokuttaano 2015) yali muzannyi wa bikonde okuva mu [[Uganda]], eyenyigira mu Olympics z'omusana eza 2004 ku lw'ensi gy'azaalibwamu mu [[Afirika|Afirica]][[Yuganda|.]]​[[Afirika|​]]<ref name=":0">Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et&#x20;al. "Jolly Katongole". ''Olympics at Sports-Reference.com''. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2018.</ref> Katongole yasooka okuzannya ne ttiimu y'eggwanga ku myaka 16.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jolly Katongole Bio, Stats, and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ka/jolly-katongole-1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418094638/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ka/jolly-katongole-1.html |archive-date=2020-04-18 |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Olympics at Sports-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> Yawangula omudaali gw'ekikomo mu mizannyo gya Afirika yonna egyali mu 2003 mu kibuga Abuja ekya Nigeria.<ref name=":1">Abdul-Nasser Ssemugabi (1 June 2016). "Jolly Katongole: how sorcery, drugs knocked out a gem". Daily Monitor.</ref> Katongole yayitamu okugenda mu Olympics z'e Athens bwe yawangula omudaali gwa zaabu mu mpaka za AIBA eza 1st African 2004 Olympic Qualifying Tournament mu kibuga Casablanca ekya Morocco. Ku fayinolo y’empaka zino yawangura Redouane Bouchtouk owa Morocco.<ref name=":1" /> Mu Olympics, yayimirizibwa mu kitundu ekisooka eky’obuzito obutono ( &#x2013; 48kg) okugabanyaamu nga [[Buturuki|Turkey]] eyatuuka n'okukwata ekyokubiri Atagün Yalçınkaya.<ref name=":0" /> Oluvanyuma lw'okuwangulwa, Katongole yava mu kibinja kya Uganda n'asigala mu Buyonaani mu ngeri emenya amateeka okutuusa lwe yagobwa mu nsi.<ref name=":1" /> Yalwanagana n'ensonga z'okukozesa ebiragalalagala okutuusa lwe yafa mu 2015, nga kigambibwa nti yalwala [[Okutana|tetanus]].<ref name=":1" /> == Ebijuliziddwa == jjwewrkktu43fgeetib1ex1p0o1mtzd 75861 75859 2026-10-01T11:05:04Z Brenda Namulinda 9846 75861 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Jolly''' Katongole (15 ogwekkumi n'ebiri 1985-14 Ogwokuttaano 2015) yali muzannyi wa bikonde okuva mu [[Uganda]], eyenyigira mu Olympics z'omusana eza 2004 ku lw'ensi gy'azaalibwamu mu [[Afirika|Afirica]][[Yuganda|.]]​[[Afirika|​]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-19 |title=Jolly Katongole: how sorcery, drugs knocked out a gem |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/jolly-katongole-how-sorcery-drugs-knocked-out-a-gem-1612852 |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Katongole yasooka okuzannya ne ttiimu y'eggwanga ku myaka 16.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jolly Katongole Bio, Stats, and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ka/jolly-katongole-1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418094638/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ka/jolly-katongole-1.html |archive-date=2020-04-18 |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Olympics at Sports-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> Yawangula omudaali gw'ekikomo mu mizannyo gya Afirika yonna egyali mu 2003 mu kibuga Abuja ekya Nigeria.<ref name=":1">Abdul-Nasser Ssemugabi (1 June 2016). "Jolly Katongole: how sorcery, drugs knocked out a gem". Daily Monitor.</ref> Katongole yayitamu okugenda mu Olympics z'e Athens bwe yawangula omudaali gwa zaabu mu mpaka za AIBA eza 1st African 2004 Olympic Qualifying Tournament mu kibuga Casablanca ekya Morocco. Ku fayinolo y’empaka zino yawangura Redouane Bouchtouk owa Morocco.<ref name=":1" /> Mu Olympics, yayimirizibwa mu kitundu ekisooka eky’obuzito obutono ( &#x2013; 48kg) okugabanyaamu nga [[Buturuki|Turkey]] eyatuuka n'okukwata ekyokubiri Atagün Yalçınkaya.<ref name=":0">Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et&#x20;al. "Jolly Katongole". ''Olympics at Sports-Reference.com''. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2018.</ref> Oluvanyuma lw'okuwangulwa, Katongole yava mu kibinja kya Uganda n'asigala mu Buyonaani mu ngeri emenya amateeka okutuusa lwe yagobwa mu nsi.<ref name=":1" /> Yalwanagana n'ensonga z'okukozesa ebiragalalagala okutuusa lwe yafa mu 2015, nga kigambibwa nti yalwala [[Okutana|tetanus]].<ref name=":1" /> == Ebijuliziddwa == 5aifmd65blyswh6yh9h5q1gurgsyinf 75862 75861 2026-10-01T11:05:21Z Brenda Namulinda 9846 75862 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Jolly''' Katongole (15 ogwekkumi n'ebiri 1985-14 Ogwokuttaano 2015) yali muzannyi wa bikonde okuva mu [[Uganda]], eyenyigira mu Olympics z'omusana eza 2004 ku lw'ensi gy'azaalibwamu mu [[Afirika|Afirica]][[Yuganda|.]]​[[Afirika|​]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-19 |title=Jolly Katongole: how sorcery, drugs knocked out a gem |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/jolly-katongole-how-sorcery-drugs-knocked-out-a-gem-1612852 |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Katongole yasooka okuzannya ne ttiimu y'eggwanga ku myaka 16.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Jolly Katongole Bio, Stats, and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ka/jolly-katongole-1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418094638/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ka/jolly-katongole-1.html |archive-date=2020-04-18 |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Olympics at Sports-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> Yawangula omudaali gw'ekikomo mu mizannyo gya Afirika yonna egyali mu 2003 mu kibuga Abuja ekya Nigeria.<ref name=":2" /> Katongole yayitamu okugenda mu Olympics z'e Athens bwe yawangula omudaali gwa zaabu mu mpaka za AIBA eza 1st African 2004 Olympic Qualifying Tournament mu kibuga Casablanca ekya Morocco. Ku fayinolo y’empaka zino yawangura Redouane Bouchtouk owa Morocco.<ref name=":1">Abdul-Nasser Ssemugabi (1 June 2016). "Jolly Katongole: how sorcery, drugs knocked out a gem". Daily Monitor.</ref> Mu Olympics, yayimirizibwa mu kitundu ekisooka eky’obuzito obutono ( &#x2013; 48kg) okugabanyaamu nga [[Buturuki|Turkey]] eyatuuka n'okukwata ekyokubiri Atagün Yalçınkaya.<ref name=":0">Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et&#x20;al. "Jolly Katongole". ''Olympics at Sports-Reference.com''. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2018.</ref> Oluvanyuma lw'okuwangulwa, Katongole yava mu kibinja kya Uganda n'asigala mu Buyonaani mu ngeri emenya amateeka okutuusa lwe yagobwa mu nsi.<ref name=":1" /> Yalwanagana n'ensonga z'okukozesa ebiragalalagala okutuusa lwe yafa mu 2015, nga kigambibwa nti yalwala [[Okutana|tetanus]].<ref name=":1" /> == Ebijuliziddwa == ny1t2s65avdt3c2dxf5iqp2vr3ejznq 75863 75862 2026-10-01T11:05:35Z Brenda Namulinda 9846 75863 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Jolly''' Katongole (15 ogwekkumi n'ebiri 1985-14 Ogwokuttaano 2015) yali muzannyi wa bikonde okuva mu [[Uganda]], eyenyigira mu Olympics z'omusana eza 2004 ku lw'ensi gy'azaalibwamu mu [[Afirika|Afirica]][[Yuganda|.]]​[[Afirika|​]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-19 |title=Jolly Katongole: how sorcery, drugs knocked out a gem |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/jolly-katongole-how-sorcery-drugs-knocked-out-a-gem-1612852 |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Katongole yasooka okuzannya ne ttiimu y'eggwanga ku myaka 16.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Jolly Katongole Bio, Stats, and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ka/jolly-katongole-1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418094638/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ka/jolly-katongole-1.html |archive-date=2020-04-18 |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Olympics at Sports-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> Yawangula omudaali gw'ekikomo mu mizannyo gya Afirika yonna egyali mu 2003 mu kibuga Abuja ekya Nigeria.<ref name=":2" /> Katongole yayitamu okugenda mu Olympics z'e Athens bwe yawangula omudaali gwa zaabu mu mpaka za AIBA eza 1st African 2004 Olympic Qualifying Tournament mu kibuga Casablanca ekya Morocco. Ku fayinolo y’empaka zino yawangura Redouane Bouchtouk owa Morocco.<ref name=":2" /> Mu Olympics, yayimirizibwa mu kitundu ekisooka eky’obuzito obutono ( &#x2013; 48kg) okugabanyaamu nga [[Buturuki|Turkey]] eyatuuka n'okukwata ekyokubiri Atagün Yalçınkaya.<ref name=":0">Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et&#x20;al. "Jolly Katongole". ''Olympics at Sports-Reference.com''. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2018.</ref> Oluvanyuma lw'okuwangulwa, Katongole yava mu kibinja kya Uganda n'asigala mu Buyonaani mu ngeri emenya amateeka okutuusa lwe yagobwa mu nsi.<ref name=":1">Abdul-Nasser Ssemugabi (1 June 2016). "Jolly Katongole: how sorcery, drugs knocked out a gem". Daily Monitor.</ref> Yalwanagana n'ensonga z'okukozesa ebiragalalagala okutuusa lwe yafa mu 2015, nga kigambibwa nti yalwala [[Okutana|tetanus]].<ref name=":1" /> == Ebijuliziddwa == oatw61u9ta3a0jjaenprilpvb49b4br 75864 75863 2026-10-01T11:05:49Z Brenda Namulinda 9846 75864 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Jolly''' Katongole (15 ogwekkumi n'ebiri 1985-14 Ogwokuttaano 2015) yali muzannyi wa bikonde okuva mu [[Uganda]], eyenyigira mu Olympics z'omusana eza 2004 ku lw'ensi gy'azaalibwamu mu [[Afirika|Afirica]][[Yuganda|.]]​[[Afirika|​]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-19 |title=Jolly Katongole: how sorcery, drugs knocked out a gem |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/jolly-katongole-how-sorcery-drugs-knocked-out-a-gem-1612852 |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Katongole yasooka okuzannya ne ttiimu y'eggwanga ku myaka 16.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Jolly Katongole Bio, Stats, and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ka/jolly-katongole-1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418094638/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ka/jolly-katongole-1.html |archive-date=2020-04-18 |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Olympics at Sports-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> Yawangula omudaali gw'ekikomo mu mizannyo gya Afirika yonna egyali mu 2003 mu kibuga Abuja ekya Nigeria.<ref name=":2" /> Katongole yayitamu okugenda mu Olympics z'e Athens bwe yawangula omudaali gwa zaabu mu mpaka za AIBA eza 1st African 2004 Olympic Qualifying Tournament mu kibuga Casablanca ekya Morocco. Ku fayinolo y’empaka zino yawangura Redouane Bouchtouk owa Morocco.<ref name=":2" /> Mu Olympics, yayimirizibwa mu kitundu ekisooka eky’obuzito obutono ( &#x2013; 48kg) okugabanyaamu nga [[Buturuki|Turkey]] eyatuuka n'okukwata ekyokubiri Atagün Yalçınkaya.<ref name=":0">Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et&#x20;al. "Jolly Katongole". ''Olympics at Sports-Reference.com''. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2018.</ref> Oluvanyuma lw'okuwangulwa, Katongole yava mu kibinja kya Uganda n'asigala mu Buyonaani mu ngeri emenya amateeka okutuusa lwe yagobwa mu nsi.<ref name=":2" /> Yalwanagana n'ensonga z'okukozesa ebiragalalagala okutuusa lwe yafa mu 2015, nga kigambibwa nti yalwala [[Okutana|tetanus]].<ref name=":1">Abdul-Nasser Ssemugabi (1 June 2016). "Jolly Katongole: how sorcery, drugs knocked out a gem". Daily Monitor.</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == 7qsmoz18zt3pn7luhikauxu4cvmz4bf 75865 75864 2026-10-01T11:06:02Z Brenda Namulinda 9846 75865 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Jolly''' Katongole (15 ogwekkumi n'ebiri 1985-14 Ogwokuttaano 2015) yali muzannyi wa bikonde okuva mu [[Uganda]], eyenyigira mu Olympics z'omusana eza 2004 ku lw'ensi gy'azaalibwamu mu [[Afirika|Afirica]][[Yuganda|.]]​[[Afirika|​]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-19 |title=Jolly Katongole: how sorcery, drugs knocked out a gem |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/jolly-katongole-how-sorcery-drugs-knocked-out-a-gem-1612852 |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Katongole yasooka okuzannya ne ttiimu y'eggwanga ku myaka 16.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Jolly Katongole Bio, Stats, and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ka/jolly-katongole-1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418094638/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ka/jolly-katongole-1.html |archive-date=2020-04-18 |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Olympics at Sports-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> Yawangula omudaali gw'ekikomo mu mizannyo gya Afirika yonna egyali mu 2003 mu kibuga Abuja ekya Nigeria.<ref name=":2" /> Katongole yayitamu okugenda mu Olympics z'e Athens bwe yawangula omudaali gwa zaabu mu mpaka za AIBA eza 1st African 2004 Olympic Qualifying Tournament mu kibuga Casablanca ekya Morocco. Ku fayinolo y’empaka zino yawangura Redouane Bouchtouk owa Morocco.<ref name=":2" /> Mu Olympics, yayimirizibwa mu kitundu ekisooka eky’obuzito obutono ( &#x2013; 48kg) okugabanyaamu nga [[Buturuki|Turkey]] eyatuuka n'okukwata ekyokubiri Atagün Yalçınkaya.<ref name=":2" /> Oluvanyuma lw'okuwangulwa, Katongole yava mu kibinja kya Uganda n'asigala mu Buyonaani mu ngeri emenya amateeka okutuusa lwe yagobwa mu nsi.<ref name=":2" /> Yalwanagana n'ensonga z'okukozesa ebiragalalagala okutuusa lwe yafa mu 2015, nga kigambibwa nti yalwala [[Okutana|tetanus]].<ref name=":1">Abdul-Nasser Ssemugabi (1 June 2016). "Jolly Katongole: how sorcery, drugs knocked out a gem". Daily Monitor.</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == iicmh1imjo0aq6yojcj1nmuz1l3ekxh 75866 75865 2026-10-01T11:06:13Z Brenda Namulinda 9846 75866 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Jolly''' Katongole (15 ogwekkumi n'ebiri 1985-14 Ogwokuttaano 2015) yali muzannyi wa bikonde okuva mu [[Uganda]], eyenyigira mu Olympics z'omusana eza 2004 ku lw'ensi gy'azaalibwamu mu [[Afirika|Afirica]][[Yuganda|.]]​[[Afirika|​]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-19 |title=Jolly Katongole: how sorcery, drugs knocked out a gem |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/jolly-katongole-how-sorcery-drugs-knocked-out-a-gem-1612852 |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Katongole yasooka okuzannya ne ttiimu y'eggwanga ku myaka 16.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Jolly Katongole Bio, Stats, and Results |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ka/jolly-katongole-1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418094638/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ka/jolly-katongole-1.html |archive-date=2020-04-18 |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Olympics at Sports-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> Yawangula omudaali gw'ekikomo mu mizannyo gya Afirika yonna egyali mu 2003 mu kibuga Abuja ekya Nigeria.<ref name=":2" /> Katongole yayitamu okugenda mu Olympics z'e Athens bwe yawangula omudaali gwa zaabu mu mpaka za AIBA eza 1st African 2004 Olympic Qualifying Tournament mu kibuga Casablanca ekya Morocco. Ku fayinolo y’empaka zino yawangura Redouane Bouchtouk owa Morocco.<ref name=":2" /> Mu Olympics, yayimirizibwa mu kitundu ekisooka eky’obuzito obutono ( &#x2013; 48kg) okugabanyaamu nga [[Buturuki|Turkey]] eyatuuka n'okukwata ekyokubiri Atagün Yalçınkaya.<ref name=":2" /> Oluvanyuma lw'okuwangulwa, Katongole yava mu kibinja kya Uganda n'asigala mu Buyonaani mu ngeri emenya amateeka okutuusa lwe yagobwa mu nsi.<ref name=":2" /> Yalwanagana n'ensonga z'okukozesa ebiragalalagala okutuusa lwe yafa mu 2015, nga kigambibwa nti yalwala [[Okutana|tetanus]].<ref name=":2" /> == Ebijuliziddwa == acvuna5n1zy36qwqmvndqrnyt9ayjgv 0 14854 75793 68446 2026-10-01T00:50:10Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75793 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charlie Lubega''' Munnayuganda eyali omuvuzi wa laale eyawangula ekikopo kya [[Pearl of Africa Rally]] mu 2000, 2003 ne 2004. Alina likodi y’okudduka sipiidi ya wakati (176-km/h) mu mpaka za Afirika Rally Championship.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uganda’s best at the Pearl of Africa Rally – Federation of Motorsport Clubs of Uganda |url=https://motorsportuganda.com/ugandas-best-at-the-pearl-of-africa-rally/ |access-date=2023-07-04 |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704123252/https://motorsportuganda.com/ugandas-best-at-the-pearl-of-africa-rally/ |archive-date=2023-07-04 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=This rally will be exciting - Charlie Lubega |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1191515 |access-date=2023-07-04 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |date=2023-05-03 |title=Jas Mangat Eye Charlie Lubega's Record |url=https://www.the-sportsnation.com/2023/05/03/jas-mangat-eye-charlie-lubegas-record/ |access-date=2023-07-04 |website=Live from ground |language=en |archive-date=2023-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230704123250/https://www.the-sportsnation.com/2023/05/03/jas-mangat-eye-charlie-lubegas-record/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shacki |title=Charles Lubega - rally profile eWRC-results.com |url=https://www.ewrc-results.com/profile/102550-charles-lubega/265 |access-date=2023-07-04 |website=eWRC-results.com |language=en}}</ref> == Okusoma kwe == Lubega yali muyizi mu by'enfuna n'ebyobufuzi mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite e Makerere]].<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/200704251190.html</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=DJ Alberto celebrates 28 years spinning the discs |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1324424 |access-date=2023-07-04 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Eupal |first=Felix |date=2016-04-25 |title=Alberto celebrates 29 years of deejaying |url=https://observer.ug/lifestyle/43877-alberto-celebrates-29-years-of-deejaying |access-date=2023-07-04 |website=The Observer - Uganda |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Abaasomera ku Makerere University]] luzrz3lnxkvn5q108e6vic76mq2odfv 0 15005 75795 75420 2026-10-01T01:30:02Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75795 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[File:Lubaga_cathedral.jpg|thumb|Lutikko y’e Rubaga mu divizoni y’e Rubaga]] '''Rubaga Division''' oba '''Lubaga Division''' y'emu ku divizoni ezikola ekibuga [[Kampala]] [[Uganda|mu Uganda]] . Divizoni eno erinnya lyayo yalijja Rubaga, awali ekitebe kya divizoni eno. == Ekifo == [[File:Rubaga_Road_Junction.jpg|thumb|Amasanganzira g’oluguudo lwa Rubaga]] Divizoni ya Rubaga eri mu bugwanjuba bw'ekibuga, ng’eriranaganye ne [[Wakiso (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Wakiso]] mu maserengeta n’obugwanjuba bwa divizoni eno. Ensalo mu buvanjuba bwa divizoni eno ye Divizoni ya Kampala Central. [[Divizoni y'e Kawempe|Divizoni y’e Kawempe]] eri mu bukiikakkono bwa [[Divizoni y'e Rubaga|Rubaga]]. Emiriraano mu divizoni eno kuliko Mutundwe, Nateete, [[Ndeeba kibuga|Ndeeba]], Kabowa, Najjanankumbi, Lungujja, Busega, [[Lubaga divizoni|Lubaga]], [[Mengo, Uganda|Mengo]], Namungoona, Lubya, Lugala, Bukesa, [[Olusozi Namirembe|Namirembe]], [[Naakulabye]], [[Olusozi Kasubi|Kasubi]], ne Kawaala . == Ebifo eby'enkizo == Ebifo bino wammanga eby'enkizo ebisangibwa mu Divizoni y'e Rubaga: * [[Lutikko ya Rubaga|Lutikko ya Saint Mary Rubaga]] * Amaka ga Kalidinaali wa Kampala * Amaka ga Ssaabalabirizi [[Essaza Ekkulu erya Kampala (Eklezia Katolika)|w’essaza ekkulu ery'e Kampala]] * [[Lubaga Hospital|Eddwaliro ly'e Lubaga]] - Ddwaliro lya bantu bonna era liwereza ddala ebitanda 274 nga lya [[Essaza Ekkulu erya Kampala (Eklezia Katolika)|busumba bw'abakatoliki mu Kampala]] <ref>{{cite web |last=Lori Bollinger |first=John Stover and Vastha Kibirige |date=September 1999 |title=The Economic Impact of AIDS In Uganda |url=http://www.policyproject.com/pubs/SEImpact/uganda.pdf |access-date=18 June 2014 |publisher=The Futures Group International |format=PDF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207070833/http://www.policyproject.com/pubs/SEImpact/uganda.pdf |archive-date=7 December 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Lubiri|Olubiri e Mengo]] - Olubiri lusangibwa mu [[Divizoni y'e Rubaga]] * [[Bulange]] - Mwe muli [[Buganda|Palamenti ya Buganda]] ne ofiisi za [[Kabaka wa Buganda]] == Ebiyungo eby'ebweru == [[File:Lubaga_cathedral.jpg|thumb|Lutikko y’e Rubaga mu divizoni y’e Rubaga]] '''Rubaga Division''' oba '''Lubaga Division''' y'emu ku divizoni ezikola ekibuga [[Kampala]] [[Uganda|mu Uganda]] . Divizoni eno erinnya lyayo yalijja ku Rubaga, awali ekitebe kya divizoni eno.{{Reflist}}{{Kampala District}} [[File:Rubaga_Road_Junction.jpg|thumb|Amasanganzira g’oluguudo lwa Rubaga]] Divizoni ya Rubaga eri mu bugwanjuba bw'ekibuga, ng’eriranaganye ne [[Wakiso (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Wakiso]] mu maserengeta n’obugwanjuba bwa divizoni eno. Ensalo mu buvanjuba bwa divizoni eno ye Divizoni ya Kampala Central. [[Divizoni y'e Kawempe|Divizoni y’e Kawempe]] eri mu bukiikakkono bwa [[Divizoni y'e Rubaga|Rubaga]]. Emiriraano mu divizoni eno kuliko Mutundwe, Nateete, [[Ndeeba kibuga|Ndeeba]], Kabowa, Najjanankumbi, Lungujja, Busega, [[Lubaga divizoni|Lubaga]], [[Mengo, Uganda|Mengo]], Namungoona, Lubya, Lugala, Bukesa, [[Olusozi Namirembe|Namirembe]], [[Naakulabye]], [[Olusozi Kasubi|Kasubi]], ne Kawaala . Ebifo bino wammanga eby'enkizo ebisangibwa mu Divizoni y'e Rubaga: * [[Lutikko ya Rubaga|Lutikko ya Saint Mary Rubaga]] * Amaka ga Kalidinaali wa Kampala * Amaka ga Ssaabalabirizi [[Essaza Ekkulu erya Kampala (Eklezia Katolika)|w’essaza ekkulu ery'e Kampala]] * [[Lubaga Hospital|Eddwaliro ly'e Lubaga]] - Ddwaliro lya bantu bonna era liwereza ddala ebitanda 274 nga lya [[Essaza Ekkulu erya Kampala (Eklezia Katolika)|busumba bw'abakatoliki mu Kampala]] <ref>{{cite web |last=Lori Bollinger |first=John Stover and Vastha Kibirige |date=September 1999 |title=The Economic Impact of AIDS In Uganda |url=http://www.policyproject.com/pubs/SEImpact/uganda.pdf |access-date=18 June 2014 |publisher=The Futures Group International |format=PDF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207070833/http://www.policyproject.com/pubs/SEImpact/uganda.pdf |archive-date=7 December 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Lubiri|Olubiri e Mengo]] - Olubiri lusangibwa mu [[Divizoni y'e Rubaga]] * [[Bulange]] - Mwe muli [[Buganda|Palamenti ya Buganda]] ne ofiisi za [[Kabaka wa Buganda]] * Divizoni eziri mu Kampala * [[Lubaga divizoni|Lubaga]] * [[Mengo, Uganda|Mengo,Uganda]] * [[Nakasero kasozi|Nakasero]] * Google Map ya Divizoni y'e Rubaga mu kibuga Kampala {{Kampala District}}<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|00|18|N|32|33|E|region:UG_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}} == Laba ne == * Divizoni eziri mu Kampala * [[Lubaga divizoni|Lubaga]] * [[Mengo, Uganda|Mengo,Uganda]] * [[Nakasero kasozi|Nakasero]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} * [[Category:Ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi mu kampala]] [[Category:Buganda]] [[Category:Eddiini mu Buganda]] 9yiquqfq12vjte37b9l9md057okkb66 0 15157 75820 63919 2026-10-01T08:47:15Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75820 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ponsiano Lwakataka''' ela amanyiddwa nga Mafu Mafu<ref>{{Cite web |last=Muyita |first=Joel |date=30 April 2018 |title=Lwakataka Reigns In Masaka Rally |url=https://chimpreports.com/lwakataka-reigns-in-masaka-rally/ |access-date=18 August 2025 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> (yazaalibwa nga 11 Ogwokuminogumu 1973)<ref>{{Cite web |last=ChimpReports |date=13 August 2013 |title=High Expectations From Local Drivers Ahead Of V-Power Rally |url=https://chimpreports.com/12142-high-expectations-from-local-drivers-ahead-of-v-power-rally/ |access-date=18 August 2025 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref> muvuzi wa Rally mu Uganda nga avuganya mu mpaka za Uganda National Rally Championship (NRC).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |first=F. M. U. |date=26 January 2025 |title=Ponsiano Lwakataka and Paul Musaazi Triumph in 2025 National Rally Championship Opener |url=https://motorsportuganda.com/ponsiano-lwakataka-and-paul-musaazi-triumph-in-2025-national-rally-championship-opener/ |access-date=18 August 2025 |website=Federation of Motorsport Clubs of Uganda |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250830140345/https://motorsportuganda.com/ponsiano-lwakataka-and-paul-musaazi-triumph-in-2025-national-rally-championship-opener/ |archive-date=30 August 2025 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Obulamu obuto == Lwakataka yazaalibwa Kanabulamu mu [[Rakai (disitulikit)|disitulikiti y’e Rakai]] mu bazadde b’omugenzi Paul Lukwago ne Veronica Namuddu.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Lwakataka, the rally ace |url=http://newvision-web-nuxt3.us-east-1.elasticbeanstalk.com/news/1114167/lwakataka-rally-ace |access-date=18 August 2025 |website=New Vision}}</ref> == Omulimu gw'emotoka == Lwakataka yatandika omulimu ogw'okuvoloma emmotoka ('''rally''') mu '''Gwomwenda 2000''', oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obuvune ku kugulu kwe bwe yali avuga '''motocross'''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mwambazi |date=9 August 2025 |title=Meet Ponsiano Lwakataka Uganda’s Original Motorsport Daredevil |url=https://emc-ug.com/2025/08/meet-ponsiano-lwakataka-ugandas-original-motorsport-daredevil/ |access-date=18 August 2025 |website=Eastern Motor Club (EMC) |language=en-US}}</ref> Yatandika okuvuganya mu '''Total Pearl of Africa Independence Rally''', empaka z'emmotoka ezitegekebwa buli mwaka mu Uganda okujjukira olunaku lw'Obwetwaze bw'eggwanga.<ref name=":0" /> Mu mwaka gwa 2001, yali avuganya mu nkungaana ezitegekeddwa nga Kampala Rally. Mu 2002, yeetaba mu mpaka za Mbarara Rally ezaasooka. Wakati wa 2003 ne 2004, Lwakataka yafuuka omuvuganya mu lawundi za National Rally Championship. Okuva mu 2007 okutuuka mu 2013, Ponsiano Lwakataka yeetaba mu mpaka za Mbarara Rally emirundi esatu. Mu gwekumi ogwa 2011, Lwakataka yeetaba mu mpaka za Pearl of Africa Uganda Rally, ezaali ziwagirwa KCB Bank ng’eziwa ssente obukadde bwa UGX 118 (ddoola za America $50000).<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 February 2021 |title=Lwakataka wins Pearl Rally in dramatic style |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/motor-sport/lwakataka-wins-pearl-rally-in-dramatic-style-1496552 |access-date=18 August 2025 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Nga 27–28 Ogwokusooka 2025, Ponsiano Lwakataka yeetaba mu mpaka za NRC Mbarara Rally eziggulawo era n'awangula.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |first=F. M. U. |date=26 January 2025 |title=Ponsiano Lwakataka and Paul Musaazi Triumph in 2025 National Rally Championship Opener |url=https://motorsportuganda.com/ponsiano-lwakataka-and-paul-musaazi-triumph-in-2025-national-rally-championship-opener/ |access-date=18 August 2025 |website=Federation of Motorsport Clubs of Uganda |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250830140345/https://motorsportuganda.com/ponsiano-lwakataka-and-paul-musaazi-triumph-in-2025-national-rally-championship-opener/ |archive-date=30 August 2025 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Nga 6 April 2025, Ponsiano Lwakataka yeetaba mu mpaka za NRC Round 2 e Masaka era n’awangula ng’akozesa mmotoka ye Subaru Impreza N12B, eyaakazibwako erya “Musota.”<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lawrence |first=Mwambazi |date=28 January 2025 |title=Ponsiano Lwakataka’s ‘Musota’ Strikes in Mbarara Rally |url=https://nnalubaalesports.com/ponsiano-lwakatakas-musota-strikes-in-mbarara/ |access-date=18 August 2025 |website=Nnalubaale Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> Nga 10–12 July 2025, Lwakataka yeetaba mu mpaka za Bugerere EMC Rally (Round 3) era n'awangula.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mwambazi |date=15 July 2025 |title=Lwakataka Tames Bugerere To Jump Back Into NRC Contention |url=https://emc-ug.com/2025/07/lwakataka-tames-bugerere-to-jump-back-into-nrc-contention/ |access-date=18 August 2025 |website=Eastern Motor Club (EMC) |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebitiibwa n’ebituukiddwaako == Lwakataka yawangula, * Empaka z'eggwanga eza Rally eza 2005 (NRC)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lwakataka grabs Independence and NRC titles |url=http://newvision-web-nuxt3.us-east-1.elasticbeanstalk.com/news/1115022/lwakataka-grabs-independence-nrc-titles |access-date=18 August 2025 |website=New Vision}}</ref> * Engule ya Mbarara Rally mu 2007<ref>{{Cite web |last=Team |first=The Observer |date=25 January 2017 |title=Ssebuguzi vows to win Mbarara challenge rally |url=https://observer.ug/sports/ssebuguzi-vows-to-win-mbarara-challenge-rally/ |access-date=18 August 2025 |website=The Observer |language=en-US}}</ref> * Empaka za Pearl of Africa Uganda eza 2011<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 February 2021 |title=Lwakataka wins Pearl Rally in dramatic style |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/motor-sport/lwakataka-wins-pearl-rally-in-dramatic-style-1496552 |access-date=18 August 2025 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> * Olukungaana lwa Mbarara 2013<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 February 2021 |title=Lwakataka wins Mbarara Rally |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/lwakataka-wins-mbarara-rally-1535640 |access-date=18 August 2025 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> * Olukungaana lwa Mbarara 2022 == Laba ne == * [[Ronald Ssebuguzi]] == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] m20u4meiw0lkua78u5wd54i3sucb3db 0 15224 75881 72857 2026-10-01T11:39:49Z Brenda Namulinda 9846 75881 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles> <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Mohammed Kayongo''', eyakazibwako erya ''The African Assassin'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-01-17 |title="Assassin" Kayongo returns to the ring after four year break |url=https://kawowo.com/2013/01/17/mohammed-kayongo-returns-to-the-ring-after-four-year-break/ |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> (yazaalibwa 25 Ogw'ekkumi 1980), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mohammed Kayongo boxer |url=http://www.fightsrec.com/mohammed-kayongo.html |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=www.fightsrec.com}}</ref> mu na Uganda [[:en:Professional_boxing|omuzanyi webikonde omukuggu]] eya wumula <ref>{{Cite news |date=2009-10-19 |title=Todd given IBA world title chance |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/boxing/8314695.stm |access-date=2026-10-01 |language=en-GB}}</ref> . == Obulamu bwe == Kayongo yazaalibwa mu [[Kampala]], [[Uganda]] . Ekifo ky’abeera mu kiseera kino kye [[:en:Minneapolis,_Minnesota|Minneapolis, Minnesota]] . == Essomero lya siniya == Kayongo yasomera O-lever (S1 - S4) ku Kololo High School okuva mu 1993 okutuuka mu 1996, wano we yatandikira omulimu gw’okuzannya Ebikonde. Yakiikirira essomero lye mu mpaka za inter-school ne national opens. Mohammed Kayongo yawangula omudaali gwa ffeeza mu buzito bwa Men's Light Welterweight <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-04-10 |title=Light Fly Miiro maintain's Uganda's fine boxing tradition |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/lightfly-miiro-breaks-ugandas-boxing-jinx/ |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> mu mizannyo gya Commonwealth egyali mu 2002 e Manchester. == Omulimu gw’ekikugu == Kayongo yatandika omupiira gwe [[:en:Knockout|n’okukuba]] Anthony Howard mu lawundi esooka mu April 2003, <ref>{{Cite web |title=BoxRec: Mohammed Kayongo |url=https://boxrec.com/en/proboxer/182954 |access-date=2020-05-24 |website=boxrec.com}}</ref> era yalina likodi entuufu okuyita mu nwana kkumi, nga tannagwa maliri ne Jose Antonio Ojeda mu July 2004. Okukubwa kwe okwasooka kwali mu lulwana lwe olw’ekkumi n’ebiri, ne Shamone Alvarez gwe nantawangulwa mu November 2004. Kayongo okukubwa emirundi ebiri mu mupiira guno kutuuse ku batakubibwa Shamone Alvarez ne Jose Leo Moreno, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo. Kayongo yateeba TKO ya lawundi eyokuna ku James Todd ku ngule y'ensi yonna mu buzito bwa IBA welterweight nga November 20, 2009 <ref> {{Cite web |title=City boxer's world title shot against 'African Assassin' |url=http://www.thisissouthwales.co.uk/sport/City-boxer-s-world-title-shot-African-Assassin/article-1433723-detail/article.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223061046/http://www.thisissouthwales.co.uk/sport/City-boxer-s-world-title-shot-African-Assassin/article-1433723-detail/article.html |archive-date=2012-02-23 |access-date=2009-11-07}} </ref> <ref> {{Cite web |title=Welcome to the Sunday Vision online: Uganda's leading weekly |url=http://www.sundayvision.co.ug/detail.php?mainNewsCategoryId=7&newsCategoryId=129&newsId=698976 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716080951/http://www.sundayvision.co.ug/detail.php?mainNewsCategoryId=7&newsCategoryId=129&newsId=698976 |archive-date=2011-07-16 |access-date=2009-11-08}} </ref> Nga January 19, 2013 Kayongo yawangula okusalawo awatali kuwakanya mu Minneapolis Convention Center mu lutalo lwa lawundi mukaaga ne Gilbert Venagas ow’e buve'enjuba bwa Moline, Illinois. == Laba ne == * [[:en:Ugandan_Americans|Bannayuganda Abamerika]] == Ebiwandiiko == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> <references /> {{Reflist}} [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] [[Category:Omupiira mu Uganda]] [[Category:Omuzannyo gw'Ebikonde mu Uganda]] ttwjvjainwgagyt7de18xtm636n029q 0 15897 75703 74862 2026-09-30T12:02:32Z B722N 6898 removed duplicate references and also added short description template 75703 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Omukama wa Tooro}}{{Databox|item=Q141468259}} '''Edward Rukidi Nyabongo I''', eyazaalibwa '''Edward Rukidi Kijanangoma''', [[Munnayuganda]] mufuzi wa nnono era yaliko munnamawulire. Nga 9 Ogwomwenda 2026 yalondebwa ekika ky’obwakabaka bwa Babiito okudda mu bigere [[Rukidi IV owa Tooro|bya Oyo Nyimba Kabamba Iguru Rukidi IV]] ng'[[Omukama owa Tooro|Omukama wa Tooro]], okusunsulwa okwakakasibwa olukiiko lw’obwakabaka bwa Tooro nga 15 Ogwomwenda. Okutuuzibwa kwe ku ntebe kutegekeddwa nga 29 Ogwomwenda 2026. Okusikira kuno kuwakanyibwa maama w’omugenzi kabaka ne mwannyina, abawa ekiraamo ekiraga omwana ow’obulenzi ng’omusika.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2026-09-12 |title=Tooro’s new King is Edward Kijanangoma, Musuuga declares as royal family steers clear of succession |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/tooro-s-new-king-is-edward-kijanangoma-musuuga-declares-as-royal-family-steers-clear-of-succession-5592728 |access-date=2026-09-16 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Admin |date=2026-09-09 |title=News: Edward Rukidi Kijanangoma named 14th king of Tooro |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/edward-rukidi-kijanangoma-named-14th-king-of-NV_240352_092026 |access-date=2026-09-16 |website=New Vision}}</ref> == Obuto bwe == Kijanangoma yazaalibwa mu lulyo olulangira olwa Babiito eri omulangira Christopher Paul Kijanangoma ne Yusta Asiimwe Kijanangoma Amooti. Ye muzzukulu w'Omukama Sir George David Kamurasi Rukidi III.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Namatovu |first=Jackie |date=2026-09-09 |title=How Tooro Royals Selected Rukidi Kijanangoma as Oyo’s Successor |url=https://chimpreports.com/how-tooro-royals-selected-rukidi-kijanangoma-as-oyos-successor/ |access-date=2026-09-16 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=2026-09-09 |title=Prince Edward Kijanangoma elected new Tooro King |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/prince-edward-kijanangoma-elected-new-tooro-king-5589580 |access-date=2026-09-16 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Excitement in Tooro After Selection of Prince Kijanangoma as New King : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/-excitement-in-tooro-after-selection-of-prince-kijanangoma-as-new-king |access-date=2026-09-16 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite news |last=Mbabazi |first=Joan |date=2026-09-10 |title=Rwanda: Uganda - Tooro Kingdom Elders Pick Media Personality As Next Monarch Amid Disputes |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202609100359.html |access-date=2026-09-16 |work=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> Ono wa mu lunyiriri lw’Obwakabaka bwa Tooro era muzzukulu wa Kaboyo Kasusunkwanzi Olimi I, mu buwangwa atwalibwa ng’omutandisi w’Obwakabaka bwa Tooro. Era yali kizibwe w’omugenzi Omukama Oyo Nyimba Kabamba Iguru Rukidi IV.<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":9">{{Cite web |last=Muhumuza |first=Rodney |date=2026-09-09 |title=A journalist is named king of a Ugandan monarchy that just lost its onetime ‘boy king’ |url=https://apnews.com/article/uganda-tooro-journalist-king-3ce3298a6880deced53039b6e23de24d |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=apnews}}</ref><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":8" /> == Emirimu gye == Nga tannayingira mu bwakabaka, Kijanangoma yakola omulimu mu by’amawulire n’okuweereza ku mpewo. Yakolera mu kitongole kya [[Uganda Broadcasting Corporation]] (UBC) ng'omukozi w'amawulire ku ttivvi era omuwandiisi w'ago. Yafuuka ffeesi emanyiddwa ku ttivvi ya Uganda ng’ayita mu kwanjula amawulire ag’olulimi Olungereza, omuli ne ''UBC News Tonight''. Era yaweerezaako ng’omuwandiisi omukulu ow’amawulire era nga maneja ku UBC.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-09-16 |title=Babiito explains Burial MoU breach: ‘Our mission was to bury Oyo as a king’ |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/babiito-explains-burial-mou-breach-our-mission-was-to-bury-oyo-as-a-king--5596706 |access-date=2026-09-16 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> == Omukama wa Tooro == Oluvanyuma lw’okufa kw’Omukama Oyo Nyimba Kabamba Iguru Rukidi IV nga 27 Ogwomunaana 2026, oluvannyuma lw’obufuzi obwatandikira mu 1995, ab’ekika ky’obwakabaka Babiito baatandika okusunsula omuntu anaamuddira mu bigere. Nga 9 Ogwomwenda 2026, akakiiko akali mu bika by’obwakabaka bwa Babiito 21, nga kakulirwa Omusuuga Charles Kayondo Kamurasi, kaalonda Omulangira Edward Rukidi Kijanangoma okusikira Oyo. Okusunsulwa kwe kwalangiriddwa mu lubiri lwa Karuziika e [[Fort Portal]].<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |date=2026-09-12 |title=News: Tooro King Edward Rukidi Nyabongo completes first traditional ritual |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/tooro-king-edward-rukidi-nyabongo-completes-f-NV_240526_092026 |access-date=2026-09-16 |website=New Vision}}</ref><ref name=":32">{{Cite web |last=Admin |date=2026-09-09 |title=News: Edward Rukidi Kijanangoma named 14th king of Tooro |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/edward-rukidi-kijanangoma-named-14th-king-of-NV_240352_092026 |access-date=2026-09-16 |website=New Vision}}</ref><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /> Oluvannyuma okusalawo kuno kwakkirizibwa olukiiko olw’okuntikko olw’obwakabaka bwa Tooro nga 15 Ogwomwenda 2026. Olukiiko lwakkiriza Kijanangoma ng’omusika wa Oyo era ne luwagira obufuzi bwe wansi w’erinnya Edward Rukidi Nyabongo I. Ekika ky’obwakabaka bwa Babiito n’olukiiko lw’okuntikko olw’obwakabaka bwa Tooro baategeka okumutuuza ku ntebe n’okutuuzibwa ku ntebe nga 29 Ogwomwenda 2026 mu Lubiri lwa Karuziika e Fort Portal.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=2026-09-12 |title=Tooro’s new King is Edward Kijanangoma, Musuuga declares as royal family steers clear of succession |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/tooro-s-new-king-is-edward-kijanangoma-musuuga-declares-as-royal-family-steers-clear-of-succession-5592728 |access-date=2026-09-16 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Tusingwire |first=Jonan |date=2026-09-15 |title=News: Tooro Supreme Council endorses Kijanangoma, CDF Kainerugaba prays for new king |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/tooro-supreme-council-endorses-kijanangoma-cd-NV_240675_092026 |access-date=2026-09-16 |website=New Vision}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=URN |date=2026-09-15 |title=Tooro Supreme Council, Muhoozi 'confirm' Kijanangoma as next king |url=https://observer.ug/news/tooro-supreme-council-muhoozi-confirm-kijanangoma-as-next-king/ |access-date=2026-09-16 |website=The Observer Media Ltd |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":7" /> == Enkaayana ku busika == Okulondebwa kwa Kijanangoma ng'omusika kwaddiridde okusika omuguwa okwali ku ba famire y'omugenzi Omukama Oyo Nyimba Kabamba Iguru Rukidi IV. Omumbejja Ruth Komuntale ne Nnabagereka Maama [[Best Kemigisa]] baasambajja okusunsulwa kuno nga bawa ekiraamo ekigambibwa nti kyakolebwa mu 2022 nga kigambibwa nti Oyo mwe yatuuma omwana ow’obulenzi eyazaalibwa ng’omusika we. Kyokka ekika ky’obwakabaka bwa Babiito kyanyweza nti okusikira kulina okusalibwawo okusinziira ku mpisa n’obulombolombo bwa Tooro.<ref>{{Cite web |last=URN |date=2026-09-10 |title=Tooro Queen Mother denounces King-elect Kijanangoma |url=https://observer.ug/news/tooro-queen-mother-denounces-king-elect-kijanangoma/ |access-date=2026-09-16 |website=The Observer Media Ltd |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":9" /><ref name=":8" /> == Laba ne == * [[Canary Mugume]] * [[Samson Kasumba]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] [[Category:Abantu abasibuka e Fort Portal]] [[Category:Bannayuganda bannamawulire abakozi ku ttivi]] imhy4htshdo3qepdw6bung2nr2dom6f 0 15990 75714 75557 2026-09-30T19:09:45Z MEvalyn 9841 Added citation 75714 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hannah Augusta Darling Jawara''' (eyazaalibwa nga Mahoney; May 1924 – 21 January 1981), yali omusawo, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo n’omulwanirizi w’eddembe ly’abakyala mu [[Gambia]]. Yali mukyala we asooka (okuva 1955 okutuuka 1967) wa Sir Dawda Jawara, Pulezidenti wa Gambia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Marshall |first=Bill |date=2026-01-06 |title=Asana |url=https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.37730315 |publisher=Afram Publications (Ghana) |isbn=978-9964-70-542-8}}</ref> == Obulamu == Hannah Augusta Darling Mahoney yazaalibwa mu maka amakulu ag’Abakristaayo Aku Creole. Yali muwala wa Sir John Mahoney, eyali Ssaabawandiisi w’Olukiiko lw’Amateeka mu Gambia, ne mukyala we Hannah. Mwannyina wa Augusta yali Louise N’Jie. Yasoma ku Mohammedan High School, gyeyasooka okusisinkana omwami we ow’omu maaso, (eyali pulezidenti) Dawda Jawara,[3], nga tannatandika okusoma obusawo mu Edinburgh, Scotland.[4] Mu February 1955, yawasa Dawda Jawara.[5] Omwana waabwe asooka yazaalibwa mu Edinburgh, gyeyali omwami we yali azzeeyo okusoma.[4] Mu 1960, yeesimbawo mu kulonda kwa House of Representatives mu kulonda kwa 1960, ng’alwanira mu Soldier Town e Bathurst naye n’alemwa ku lwa kibiina kya bba, PPP. Bwe kityo, yafuuka omukazi asooka okwesimbawo mu kulonda kwa Gambian national election. Mu 1962, yatandikawo Women's Contemporary Society.[7] Omuzannyo gwe, The African King, gwakolebwa ku Negro Arts Festival e Dakar mu 1966.[8] Mu 1967, ye ne Dawda Jawara baawukana, era n’addamu okudda mu Busiraamu.[9][10] Mu 1968, yafulumya Rebellion - “obulabika nga kye kitabo ekisooka ekiraga obuvumu bw’abakyala n’okulwanirira abaana abawala mu byafaayo by’ebyawandiiko e Gambia.”[8] Rebellion yaafulumizibwa nga yeeyita erinnya eddala, era yali muzannyo ku Nyasta, omuwala omuvubuka mu kyalo ky’omu byalo eyalwanirira okugenda mu maaso n’okusoma kwe mu kifo ky’okufumbirwa mu ngeri etategekeddwa.[11] Mu kiseera we yaafulumizibwa, yali Pulezidenti wa Gambia Women's Federation,[8] gye yayamba okutandikawo okuva mu bibiina by’abakyala mu Greater Banjul Area.[12] == Okufa == Augusta Jawara yafiira mu London nga 21 Janwali 1981, nga wa myaka 56. == Emirimu == Omusawo w'e Gambia === Eby'okuzannya === * ''The African King'', produced 1966. * ''Rebellion'', 1968 === Ebirala === * "The Gambia Women's Federation", ''Women Today'', Vol. 6, No. 4 (1965), pp.&#x20;79–81. == Ebyogerwako == 2i3drs0pmgkuxdjke3n021zxlrjmzbd 75715 75714 2026-09-30T19:10:22Z MEvalyn 9841 Added citation 75715 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hannah Augusta Darling Jawara''' (eyazaalibwa nga Mahoney; May 1924 – 21 January 1981), yali omusawo, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo n’omulwanirizi w’eddembe ly’abakyala mu [[Gambia]]. Yali mukyala we asooka (okuva 1955 okutuuka 1967) wa Sir Dawda Jawara, Pulezidenti wa Gambia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Marshall |first=Bill |date=2026-01-06 |title=Asana |url=https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.37730315 |publisher=Afram Publications (Ghana) |isbn=978-9964-70-542-8}}</ref> == Obulamu == Hannah Augusta Darling Mahoney yazaalibwa mu maka amakulu ag’Abakristaayo Aku Creole. Yali muwala wa Sir John Mahoney, eyali Ssaabawandiisi w’Olukiiko lw’Amateeka mu Gambia, ne mukyala we Hannah. Mwannyina wa Augusta yali Louise N’Jie.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Perfect |first=David |date=2023-04-13 |title=Jawara, Sir Dawda Kairaba (1924–2019), first prime minister and president of The Gambia |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.90000380882 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-861412-8}}</ref> Yasoma ku Mohammedan High School, gyeyasooka okusisinkana omwami we ow’omu maaso, (eyali pulezidenti) Dawda Jawara,[3], nga tannatandika okusoma obusawo mu Edinburgh, Scotland.[4] Mu February 1955, yawasa Dawda Jawara.[5] Omwana waabwe asooka yazaalibwa mu Edinburgh, gyeyali omwami we yali azzeeyo okusoma.[4] Mu 1960, yeesimbawo mu kulonda kwa House of Representatives mu kulonda kwa 1960, ng’alwanira mu Soldier Town e Bathurst naye n’alemwa ku lwa kibiina kya bba, PPP. Bwe kityo, yafuuka omukazi asooka okwesimbawo mu kulonda kwa Gambian national election. Mu 1962, yatandikawo Women's Contemporary Society.[7] Omuzannyo gwe, The African King, gwakolebwa ku Negro Arts Festival e Dakar mu 1966.[8] Mu 1967, ye ne Dawda Jawara baawukana, era n’addamu okudda mu Busiraamu.[9][10] Mu 1968, yafulumya Rebellion - “obulabika nga kye kitabo ekisooka ekiraga obuvumu bw’abakyala n’okulwanirira abaana abawala mu byafaayo by’ebyawandiiko e Gambia.”[8] Rebellion yaafulumizibwa nga yeeyita erinnya eddala, era yali muzannyo ku Nyasta, omuwala omuvubuka mu kyalo ky’omu byalo eyalwanirira okugenda mu maaso n’okusoma kwe mu kifo ky’okufumbirwa mu ngeri etategekeddwa.[11] Mu kiseera we yaafulumizibwa, yali Pulezidenti wa Gambia Women's Federation,[8] gye yayamba okutandikawo okuva mu bibiina by’abakyala mu Greater Banjul Area.[12] == Okufa == Augusta Jawara yafiira mu London nga 21 Janwali 1981, nga wa myaka 56. == Emirimu == Omusawo w'e Gambia === Eby'okuzannya === * ''The African King'', produced 1966. * ''Rebellion'', 1968 === Ebirala === * "The Gambia Women's Federation", ''Women Today'', Vol. 6, No. 4 (1965), pp.&#x20;79–81. == Ebyogerwako == sb4hiqpma8m4o3oodbv7cyx74ksvufx 75716 75715 2026-09-30T19:11:29Z MEvalyn 9841 Added citation 75716 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hannah Augusta Darling Jawara''' (eyazaalibwa nga Mahoney; May 1924 – 21 January 1981), yali omusawo, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo n’omulwanirizi w’eddembe ly’abakyala mu [[Gambia]]. Yali mukyala we asooka (okuva 1955 okutuuka 1967) wa Sir Dawda Jawara, Pulezidenti wa Gambia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Marshall |first=Bill |date=2026-01-06 |title=Asana |url=https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.37730315 |publisher=Afram Publications (Ghana) |isbn=978-9964-70-542-8}}</ref> == Obulamu == Hannah Augusta Darling Mahoney yazaalibwa mu maka amakulu ag’Abakristaayo Aku Creole. Yali muwala wa Sir John Mahoney, eyali Ssaabawandiisi w’Olukiiko lw’Amateeka mu Gambia, ne mukyala we Hannah. Mwannyina wa Augusta yali Louise N’Jie.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Perfect |first=David |date=2023-04-13 |title=Jawara, Sir Dawda Kairaba (1924–2019), first prime minister and president of The Gambia |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.90000380882 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-861412-8}}</ref> Yasoma ku Mohammedan High School, gyeyasooka okusisinkana omwami we ow’omu maaso, (eyali pulezidenti) Dawda Jawara,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchuria Daily News, Issue dated 1931-04-21 |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/36722_mdnc_1931_19310421 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Manchuria Daily News Online}}</ref> nga tannatandika okusoma obusawo mu Edinburgh, Scotland.[4] Mu February 1955, yawasa Dawda Jawara.[5] Omwana waabwe asooka yazaalibwa mu Edinburgh, gyeyali omwami we yali azzeeyo okusoma.[4] Mu 1960, yeesimbawo mu kulonda kwa House of Representatives mu kulonda kwa 1960, ng’alwanira mu Soldier Town e Bathurst naye n’alemwa ku lwa kibiina kya bba, PPP. Bwe kityo, yafuuka omukazi asooka okwesimbawo mu kulonda kwa Gambian national election. Mu 1962, yatandikawo Women's Contemporary Society.[7] Omuzannyo gwe, The African King, gwakolebwa ku Negro Arts Festival e Dakar mu 1966.[8] Mu 1967, ye ne Dawda Jawara baawukana, era n’addamu okudda mu Busiraamu.[9][10] Mu 1968, yafulumya Rebellion - “obulabika nga kye kitabo ekisooka ekiraga obuvumu bw’abakyala n’okulwanirira abaana abawala mu byafaayo by’ebyawandiiko e Gambia.”[8] Rebellion yaafulumizibwa nga yeeyita erinnya eddala, era yali muzannyo ku Nyasta, omuwala omuvubuka mu kyalo ky’omu byalo eyalwanirira okugenda mu maaso n’okusoma kwe mu kifo ky’okufumbirwa mu ngeri etategekeddwa.[11] Mu kiseera we yaafulumizibwa, yali Pulezidenti wa Gambia Women's Federation,[8] gye yayamba okutandikawo okuva mu bibiina by’abakyala mu Greater Banjul Area.[12] == Okufa == Augusta Jawara yafiira mu London nga 21 Janwali 1981, nga wa myaka 56. == Emirimu == Omusawo w'e Gambia === Eby'okuzannya === * ''The African King'', produced 1966. * ''Rebellion'', 1968 === Ebirala === * "The Gambia Women's Federation", ''Women Today'', Vol. 6, No. 4 (1965), pp.&#x20;79–81. == Ebyogerwako == 6rriijgnhzlk6p9knrz036v1csyb1ds 75717 75716 2026-09-30T19:12:23Z MEvalyn 9841 Added citation 75717 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hannah Augusta Darling Jawara''' (eyazaalibwa nga Mahoney; May 1924 – 21 January 1981), yali omusawo, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo n’omulwanirizi w’eddembe ly’abakyala mu [[Gambia]]. Yali mukyala we asooka (okuva 1955 okutuuka 1967) wa Sir Dawda Jawara, Pulezidenti wa Gambia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Marshall |first=Bill |date=2026-01-06 |title=Asana |url=https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.37730315 |publisher=Afram Publications (Ghana) |isbn=978-9964-70-542-8}}</ref> == Obulamu == Hannah Augusta Darling Mahoney yazaalibwa mu maka amakulu ag’Abakristaayo Aku Creole. Yali muwala wa Sir John Mahoney, eyali Ssaabawandiisi w’Olukiiko lw’Amateeka mu Gambia, ne mukyala we Hannah. Mwannyina wa Augusta yali Louise N’Jie.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Perfect |first=David |date=2023-04-13 |title=Jawara, Sir Dawda Kairaba (1924–2019), first prime minister and president of The Gambia |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.90000380882 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-861412-8}}</ref> Yasoma ku Mohammedan High School, gyeyasooka okusisinkana omwami we ow’omu maaso, (eyali pulezidenti) Dawda Jawara,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchuria Daily News, Issue dated 1931-04-21 |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/36722_mdnc_1931_19310421 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Manchuria Daily News Online}}</ref> nga tannatandika okusoma obusawo mu Edinburgh, Scotland.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2021-04-13 |title=Reception Soiree to Mr. Frederick Douglass |url=https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474460415.003.0018 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-1-4744-6041-5 |editor-last=Murray |editor-first=Hannah-Rose |pages=203–205 |editor-last2=McKivigan |editor-first2=John R.}}</ref> Mu February 1955, yawasa Dawda Jawara.[5] Omwana waabwe asooka yazaalibwa mu Edinburgh, gyeyali omwami we yali azzeeyo okusoma.[4] Mu 1960, yeesimbawo mu kulonda kwa House of Representatives mu kulonda kwa 1960, ng’alwanira mu Soldier Town e Bathurst naye n’alemwa ku lwa kibiina kya bba, PPP. Bwe kityo, yafuuka omukazi asooka okwesimbawo mu kulonda kwa Gambian national election. Mu 1962, yatandikawo Women's Contemporary Society.[7] Omuzannyo gwe, The African King, gwakolebwa ku Negro Arts Festival e Dakar mu 1966.[8] Mu 1967, ye ne Dawda Jawara baawukana, era n’addamu okudda mu Busiraamu.[9][10] Mu 1968, yafulumya Rebellion - “obulabika nga kye kitabo ekisooka ekiraga obuvumu bw’abakyala n’okulwanirira abaana abawala mu byafaayo by’ebyawandiiko e Gambia.”[8] Rebellion yaafulumizibwa nga yeeyita erinnya eddala, era yali muzannyo ku Nyasta, omuwala omuvubuka mu kyalo ky’omu byalo eyalwanirira okugenda mu maaso n’okusoma kwe mu kifo ky’okufumbirwa mu ngeri etategekeddwa.[11] Mu kiseera we yaafulumizibwa, yali Pulezidenti wa Gambia Women's Federation,[8] gye yayamba okutandikawo okuva mu bibiina by’abakyala mu Greater Banjul Area.[12] == Okufa == Augusta Jawara yafiira mu London nga 21 Janwali 1981, nga wa myaka 56. == Emirimu == Omusawo w'e Gambia === Eby'okuzannya === * ''The African King'', produced 1966. * ''Rebellion'', 1968 === Ebirala === * "The Gambia Women's Federation", ''Women Today'', Vol. 6, No. 4 (1965), pp.&#x20;79–81. == Ebyogerwako == ip6jy5xvhkihia5m0so3z0cuienk4sq 75718 75717 2026-09-30T19:13:06Z MEvalyn 9841 Added citation 75718 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hannah Augusta Darling Jawara''' (eyazaalibwa nga Mahoney; May 1924 – 21 January 1981), yali omusawo, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo n’omulwanirizi w’eddembe ly’abakyala mu [[Gambia]]. Yali mukyala we asooka (okuva 1955 okutuuka 1967) wa Sir Dawda Jawara, Pulezidenti wa Gambia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Marshall |first=Bill |date=2026-01-06 |title=Asana |url=https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.37730315 |publisher=Afram Publications (Ghana) |isbn=978-9964-70-542-8}}</ref> == Obulamu == Hannah Augusta Darling Mahoney yazaalibwa mu maka amakulu ag’Abakristaayo Aku Creole. Yali muwala wa Sir John Mahoney, eyali Ssaabawandiisi w’Olukiiko lw’Amateeka mu Gambia, ne mukyala we Hannah. Mwannyina wa Augusta yali Louise N’Jie.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Perfect |first=David |date=2023-04-13 |title=Jawara, Sir Dawda Kairaba (1924–2019), first prime minister and president of The Gambia |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.90000380882 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-861412-8}}</ref> Yasoma ku Mohammedan High School, gyeyasooka okusisinkana omwami we ow’omu maaso, (eyali pulezidenti) Dawda Jawara,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchuria Daily News, Issue dated 1931-04-21 |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/36722_mdnc_1931_19310421 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Manchuria Daily News Online}}</ref> nga tannatandika okusoma obusawo mu Edinburgh, Scotland.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2021-04-13 |title=Reception Soiree to Mr. Frederick Douglass |url=https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474460415.003.0018 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-1-4744-6041-5 |editor-last=Murray |editor-first=Hannah-Rose |pages=203–205 |editor-last2=McKivigan |editor-first2=John R.}}</ref> Mu February 1955, yawasa Dawda Jawara. Omwana waabwe asooka yazaalibwa mu Edinburgh, gyeyali omwami we yali azzeeyo okusoma.[4] Mu 1960, yeesimbawo mu kulonda kwa House of Representatives mu kulonda kwa 1960, ng’alwanira mu Soldier Town e Bathurst naye n’alemwa ku lwa kibiina kya bba, PPP. Bwe kityo, yafuuka omukazi asooka okwesimbawo mu kulonda kwa Gambian national election. Mu 1962, yatandikawo Women's Contemporary Society.[7] Omuzannyo gwe, The African King, gwakolebwa ku Negro Arts Festival e Dakar mu 1966.[8] Mu 1967, ye ne Dawda Jawara baawukana, era n’addamu okudda mu Busiraamu.[9][10] Mu 1968, yafulumya Rebellion - “obulabika nga kye kitabo ekisooka ekiraga obuvumu bw’abakyala n’okulwanirira abaana abawala mu byafaayo by’ebyawandiiko e Gambia.”[8] Rebellion yaafulumizibwa nga yeeyita erinnya eddala, era yali muzannyo ku Nyasta, omuwala omuvubuka mu kyalo ky’omu byalo eyalwanirira okugenda mu maaso n’okusoma kwe mu kifo ky’okufumbirwa mu ngeri etategekeddwa.[11] Mu kiseera we yaafulumizibwa, yali Pulezidenti wa Gambia Women's Federation,[8] gye yayamba okutandikawo okuva mu bibiina by’abakyala mu Greater Banjul Area.[12] == Okufa == Augusta Jawara yafiira mu London nga 21 Janwali 1981, nga wa myaka 56. == Emirimu == Omusawo w'e Gambia === Eby'okuzannya === * ''The African King'', produced 1966. * ''Rebellion'', 1968 === Ebirala === * "The Gambia Women's Federation", ''Women Today'', Vol. 6, No. 4 (1965), pp.&#x20;79–81. == Ebyogerwako == 1gx1cf2efey2nl2mvzkmi5rajjw2xrf 75719 75718 2026-09-30T19:14:23Z MEvalyn 9841 75719 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hannah Augusta Darling Jawara''' (eyazaalibwa nga Mahoney; May 1924 – 21 January 1981), yali omusawo, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo n’omulwanirizi w’eddembe ly’abakyala mu [[Gambia]]. Yali mukyala we asooka (okuva 1955 okutuuka 1967) wa Sir Dawda Jawara, Pulezidenti wa Gambia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Marshall |first=Bill |date=2026-01-06 |title=Asana |url=https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.37730315 |publisher=Afram Publications (Ghana) |isbn=978-9964-70-542-8}}</ref> == Obulamu == Hannah Augusta Darling Mahoney yazaalibwa mu maka amakulu ag’Abakristaayo Aku Creole. Yali muwala wa Sir John Mahoney, eyali Ssaabawandiisi w’Olukiiko lw’Amateeka mu Gambia, ne mukyala we Hannah. Mwannyina wa Augusta yali Louise N’Jie.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Perfect |first=David |date=2023-04-13 |title=Jawara, Sir Dawda Kairaba (1924–2019), first prime minister and president of The Gambia |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.90000380882 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-861412-8}}</ref> Yasoma ku Mohammedan High School, gyeyasooka okusisinkana omwami we ow’omu maaso, (eyali pulezidenti) Dawda Jawara,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchuria Daily News, Issue dated 1931-04-21 |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/36722_mdnc_1931_19310421 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Manchuria Daily News Online}}</ref> nga tannatandika okusoma obusawo mu Edinburgh, Scotland.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2021-04-13 |title=Reception Soiree to Mr. Frederick Douglass |url=https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474460415.003.0018 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-1-4744-6041-5 |editor-last=Murray |editor-first=Hannah-Rose |pages=203–205 |editor-last2=McKivigan |editor-first2=John R.}}</ref> Mu February 1955, yawasa Dawda Jawara. Omwana waabwe asooka yazaalibwa mu Edinburgh, gyeyali omwami we yali azzeeyo okusoma.[4] Mu 1960, yeesimbawo mu kulonda kwa House of Representatives mu kulonda kwa 1960, ng’alwanira mu Soldier Town e Bathurst naye n’alemwa ku lwa kibiina kya bba, PPP. Bwe kityo, yafuuka omukazi asooka okwesimbawo mu kulonda kwa Gambian national election.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hughes |first=Arnold |date=2008 |title=Historical dictionary of The Gambia |last2=Perfect |first2=David |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6260-9 |edition=4. ed |series=Historical dictionaries of Africa |location=Lanham, Md.}}</ref> Mu 1962, yatandikawo Women's Contemporary Society.[7] Omuzannyo gwe, The African King, gwakolebwa ku Negro Arts Festival e Dakar mu 1966.[8] Mu 1967, ye ne Dawda Jawara baawukana, era n’addamu okudda mu Busiraamu.[9][10] Mu 1968, yafulumya Rebellion - “obulabika nga kye kitabo ekisooka ekiraga obuvumu bw’abakyala n’okulwanirira abaana abawala mu byafaayo by’ebyawandiiko e Gambia.”[8] Rebellion yaafulumizibwa nga yeeyita erinnya eddala, era yali muzannyo ku Nyasta, omuwala omuvubuka mu kyalo ky’omu byalo eyalwanirira okugenda mu maaso n’okusoma kwe mu kifo ky’okufumbirwa mu ngeri etategekeddwa.[11] Mu kiseera we yaafulumizibwa, yali Pulezidenti wa Gambia Women's Federation,[8] gye yayamba okutandikawo okuva mu bibiina by’abakyala mu Greater Banjul Area.[12] == Okufa == Augusta Jawara yafiira mu London nga 21 Janwali 1981, nga wa myaka 56. == Emirimu == Omusawo w'e Gambia === Eby'okuzannya === * ''The African King'', produced 1966. * ''Rebellion'', 1968 === Ebirala === * "The Gambia Women's Federation", ''Women Today'', Vol. 6, No. 4 (1965), pp.&#x20;79–81. == Ebyogerwako == 25nnndfyhoz5sal0kzgwjjc779xwbe4 75720 75719 2026-09-30T19:15:18Z MEvalyn 9841 Re used citation 75720 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hannah Augusta Darling Jawara''' (eyazaalibwa nga Mahoney; May 1924 – 21 January 1981), yali omusawo, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo n’omulwanirizi w’eddembe ly’abakyala mu [[Gambia]]. Yali mukyala we asooka (okuva 1955 okutuuka 1967) wa Sir Dawda Jawara, Pulezidenti wa Gambia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Marshall |first=Bill |date=2026-01-06 |title=Asana |url=https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.37730315 |publisher=Afram Publications (Ghana) |isbn=978-9964-70-542-8}}</ref> == Obulamu == Hannah Augusta Darling Mahoney yazaalibwa mu maka amakulu ag’Abakristaayo Aku Creole. Yali muwala wa Sir John Mahoney, eyali Ssaabawandiisi w’Olukiiko lw’Amateeka mu Gambia, ne mukyala we Hannah. Mwannyina wa Augusta yali Louise N’Jie.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Perfect |first=David |date=2023-04-13 |title=Jawara, Sir Dawda Kairaba (1924–2019), first prime minister and president of The Gambia |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.90000380882 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-861412-8}}</ref> Yasoma ku Mohammedan High School, gyeyasooka okusisinkana omwami we ow’omu maaso, (eyali pulezidenti) Dawda Jawara,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchuria Daily News, Issue dated 1931-04-21 |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/36722_mdnc_1931_19310421 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Manchuria Daily News Online}}</ref> nga tannatandika okusoma obusawo mu Edinburgh, Scotland.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |date=2021-04-13 |title=Reception Soiree to Mr. Frederick Douglass |url=https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474460415.003.0018 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-1-4744-6041-5 |editor-last=Murray |editor-first=Hannah-Rose |pages=203–205 |editor-last2=McKivigan |editor-first2=John R.}}</ref> Mu February 1955, yawasa Dawda Jawara. Omwana waabwe asooka yazaalibwa mu Edinburgh, gyeyali omwami we yali azzeeyo okusoma.<ref name=":1" /> Mu 1960, yeesimbawo mu kulonda kwa House of Representatives mu kulonda kwa 1960, ng’alwanira mu Soldier Town e Bathurst naye n’alemwa ku lwa kibiina kya bba, PPP. Bwe kityo, yafuuka omukazi asooka okwesimbawo mu kulonda kwa Gambian national election.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hughes |first=Arnold |date=2008 |title=Historical dictionary of The Gambia |last2=Perfect |first2=David |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6260-9 |edition=4. ed |series=Historical dictionaries of Africa |location=Lanham, Md.}}</ref> Mu 1962, yatandikawo Women's Contemporary Society.[7] Omuzannyo gwe, The African King, gwakolebwa ku Negro Arts Festival e Dakar mu 1966.[8] Mu 1967, ye ne Dawda Jawara baawukana, era n’addamu okudda mu Busiraamu.[9][10] Mu 1968, yafulumya Rebellion - “obulabika nga kye kitabo ekisooka ekiraga obuvumu bw’abakyala n’okulwanirira abaana abawala mu byafaayo by’ebyawandiiko e Gambia.”[8] Rebellion yaafulumizibwa nga yeeyita erinnya eddala, era yali muzannyo ku Nyasta, omuwala omuvubuka mu kyalo ky’omu byalo eyalwanirira okugenda mu maaso n’okusoma kwe mu kifo ky’okufumbirwa mu ngeri etategekeddwa.[11] Mu kiseera we yaafulumizibwa, yali Pulezidenti wa Gambia Women's Federation,[8] gye yayamba okutandikawo okuva mu bibiina by’abakyala mu Greater Banjul Area.[12] == Okufa == Augusta Jawara yafiira mu London nga 21 Janwali 1981, nga wa myaka 56. == Emirimu == Omusawo w'e Gambia === Eby'okuzannya === * ''The African King'', produced 1966. * ''Rebellion'', 1968 === Ebirala === * "The Gambia Women's Federation", ''Women Today'', Vol. 6, No. 4 (1965), pp.&#x20;79–81. == Ebyogerwako == 99zzn3sx2gcxlxfo5zpfsh84s9q66hz 75721 75720 2026-09-30T19:16:40Z MEvalyn 9841 Added citation 75721 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hannah Augusta Darling Jawara''' (eyazaalibwa nga Mahoney; May 1924 – 21 January 1981), yali omusawo, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo n’omulwanirizi w’eddembe ly’abakyala mu [[Gambia]]. Yali mukyala we asooka (okuva 1955 okutuuka 1967) wa Sir Dawda Jawara, Pulezidenti wa Gambia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Marshall |first=Bill |date=2026-01-06 |title=Asana |url=https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.37730315 |publisher=Afram Publications (Ghana) |isbn=978-9964-70-542-8}}</ref> == Obulamu == Hannah Augusta Darling Mahoney yazaalibwa mu maka amakulu ag’Abakristaayo Aku Creole. Yali muwala wa Sir John Mahoney, eyali Ssaabawandiisi w’Olukiiko lw’Amateeka mu Gambia, ne mukyala we Hannah. Mwannyina wa Augusta yali Louise N’Jie.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Perfect |first=David |date=2023-04-13 |title=Jawara, Sir Dawda Kairaba (1924–2019), first prime minister and president of The Gambia |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.90000380882 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-861412-8}}</ref> Yasoma ku Mohammedan High School, gyeyasooka okusisinkana omwami we ow’omu maaso, (eyali pulezidenti) Dawda Jawara,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchuria Daily News, Issue dated 1931-04-21 |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/36722_mdnc_1931_19310421 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Manchuria Daily News Online}}</ref> nga tannatandika okusoma obusawo mu Edinburgh, Scotland.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |date=2021-04-13 |title=Reception Soiree to Mr. Frederick Douglass |url=https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474460415.003.0018 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-1-4744-6041-5 |editor-last=Murray |editor-first=Hannah-Rose |pages=203–205 |editor-last2=McKivigan |editor-first2=John R.}}</ref> Mu February 1955, yawasa Dawda Jawara.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hughes |first=Arnold |date=2008 |title=Historical dictionary of The Gambia |last2=Perfect |first2=David |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-5825-1 |edition=4th ed |series=Historical dictionaries of Africa |location=Lanham, Md}}</ref> Omwana waabwe asooka yazaalibwa mu Edinburgh, gyeyali omwami we yali azzeeyo okusoma.<ref name=":1" /> Mu 1960, yeesimbawo mu kulonda kwa House of Representatives mu kulonda kwa 1960, ng’alwanira mu Soldier Town e Bathurst naye n’alemwa ku lwa kibiina kya bba, PPP. Bwe kityo, yafuuka omukazi asooka okwesimbawo mu kulonda kwa Gambian national election.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hughes |first=Arnold |date=2008 |title=Historical dictionary of The Gambia |last2=Perfect |first2=David |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6260-9 |edition=4. ed |series=Historical dictionaries of Africa |location=Lanham, Md.}}</ref> Mu 1962, yatandikawo Women's Contemporary Society.[7] Omuzannyo gwe, The African King, gwakolebwa ku Negro Arts Festival e Dakar mu 1966.[8] Mu 1967, ye ne Dawda Jawara baawukana, era n’addamu okudda mu Busiraamu.[9][10] Mu 1968, yafulumya Rebellion - “obulabika nga kye kitabo ekisooka ekiraga obuvumu bw’abakyala n’okulwanirira abaana abawala mu byafaayo by’ebyawandiiko e Gambia.”[8] Rebellion yaafulumizibwa nga yeeyita erinnya eddala, era yali muzannyo ku Nyasta, omuwala omuvubuka mu kyalo ky’omu byalo eyalwanirira okugenda mu maaso n’okusoma kwe mu kifo ky’okufumbirwa mu ngeri etategekeddwa.[11] Mu kiseera we yaafulumizibwa, yali Pulezidenti wa Gambia Women's Federation,[8] gye yayamba okutandikawo okuva mu bibiina by’abakyala mu Greater Banjul Area.[12] == Okufa == Augusta Jawara yafiira mu London nga 21 Janwali 1981, nga wa myaka 56. == Emirimu == Omusawo w'e Gambia === Eby'okuzannya === * ''The African King'', produced 1966. * ''Rebellion'', 1968 === Ebirala === * "The Gambia Women's Federation", ''Women Today'', Vol. 6, No. 4 (1965), pp.&#x20;79–81. == Ebyogerwako == n6516usl4k7m3dr6zwwfamrbsipxg5l 75722 75721 2026-09-30T19:19:35Z MEvalyn 9841 Added citation 75722 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hannah Augusta Darling Jawara''' (eyazaalibwa nga Mahoney; May 1924 – 21 January 1981), yali omusawo, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo n’omulwanirizi w’eddembe ly’abakyala mu [[Gambia]]. Yali mukyala we asooka (okuva 1955 okutuuka 1967) wa Sir Dawda Jawara, Pulezidenti wa Gambia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Marshall |first=Bill |date=2026-01-06 |title=Asana |url=https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.37730315 |publisher=Afram Publications (Ghana) |isbn=978-9964-70-542-8}}</ref> == Obulamu == Hannah Augusta Darling Mahoney yazaalibwa mu maka amakulu ag’Abakristaayo Aku Creole. Yali muwala wa Sir John Mahoney, eyali Ssaabawandiisi w’Olukiiko lw’Amateeka mu Gambia, ne mukyala we Hannah. Mwannyina wa Augusta yali Louise N’Jie.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Perfect |first=David |date=2023-04-13 |title=Jawara, Sir Dawda Kairaba (1924–2019), first prime minister and president of The Gambia |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.90000380882 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-861412-8}}</ref> Yasoma ku Mohammedan High School, gyeyasooka okusisinkana omwami we ow’omu maaso, (eyali pulezidenti) Dawda Jawara,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchuria Daily News, Issue dated 1931-04-21 |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/36722_mdnc_1931_19310421 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Manchuria Daily News Online}}</ref> nga tannatandika okusoma obusawo mu Edinburgh, Scotland.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |date=2021-04-13 |title=Reception Soiree to Mr. Frederick Douglass |url=https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474460415.003.0018 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-1-4744-6041-5 |editor-last=Murray |editor-first=Hannah-Rose |pages=203–205 |editor-last2=McKivigan |editor-first2=John R.}}</ref> Mu February 1955, yawasa Dawda Jawara.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hughes |first=Arnold |date=2008 |title=Historical dictionary of The Gambia |last2=Perfect |first2=David |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-5825-1 |edition=4th ed |series=Historical dictionaries of Africa |location=Lanham, Md}}</ref> Omwana waabwe asooka yazaalibwa mu Edinburgh, gyeyali omwami we yali azzeeyo okusoma.<ref name=":1" /> Mu 1960, yeesimbawo mu kulonda kwa House of Representatives mu kulonda kwa 1960, ng’alwanira mu Soldier Town e Bathurst naye n’alemwa ku lwa kibiina kya bba, PPP. Bwe kityo, yafuuka omukazi asooka okwesimbawo mu kulonda kwa Gambian national election.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hughes |first=Arnold |date=2008 |title=Historical dictionary of The Gambia |last2=Perfect |first2=David |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6260-9 |edition=4. ed |series=Historical dictionaries of Africa |location=Lanham, Md.}}</ref> Mu 1962, yatandikawo Women's Contemporary Society.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2020 |title=JAWARA, AUGUSTA (May 26, 1924–January 21, 1981) |url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9798881829353-0129 |journal=Women’s Art of the British Empire |pages=67–68 |doi=10.5040/9798881829353-0129}}</ref> Omuzannyo gwe, The African King, gwakolebwa ku Negro Arts Festival e Dakar mu 1966.[8] Mu 1967, ye ne Dawda Jawara baawukana, era n’addamu okudda mu Busiraamu.[9][10] Mu 1968, yafulumya Rebellion - “obulabika nga kye kitabo ekisooka ekiraga obuvumu bw’abakyala n’okulwanirira abaana abawala mu byafaayo by’ebyawandiiko e Gambia.”[8] Rebellion yaafulumizibwa nga yeeyita erinnya eddala, era yali muzannyo ku Nyasta, omuwala omuvubuka mu kyalo ky’omu byalo eyalwanirira okugenda mu maaso n’okusoma kwe mu kifo ky’okufumbirwa mu ngeri etategekeddwa.[11] Mu kiseera we yaafulumizibwa, yali Pulezidenti wa Gambia Women's Federation,[8] gye yayamba okutandikawo okuva mu bibiina by’abakyala mu Greater Banjul Area.[12] == Okufa == Augusta Jawara yafiira mu London nga 21 Janwali 1981, nga wa myaka 56. == Emirimu == Omusawo w'e Gambia === Eby'okuzannya === * ''The African King'', produced 1966. * ''Rebellion'', 1968 === Ebirala === * "The Gambia Women's Federation", ''Women Today'', Vol. 6, No. 4 (1965), pp.&#x20;79–81. == Ebyogerwako == c9a22m5w8jp0nqk7r0qfduwomv85zvt 75723 75722 2026-09-30T19:20:19Z MEvalyn 9841 75723 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hannah Augusta Darling Jawara''' (eyazaalibwa nga Mahoney; May 1924 – 21 January 1981), yali omusawo, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo n’omulwanirizi w’eddembe ly’abakyala mu [[Gambia]]. Yali mukyala we asooka (okuva 1955 okutuuka 1967) wa Sir Dawda Jawara, Pulezidenti wa Gambia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Marshall |first=Bill |date=2026-01-06 |title=Asana |url=https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.37730315 |publisher=Afram Publications (Ghana) |isbn=978-9964-70-542-8}}</ref> == Obulamu == Hannah Augusta Darling Mahoney yazaalibwa mu maka amakulu ag’Abakristaayo Aku Creole. Yali muwala wa Sir John Mahoney, eyali Ssaabawandiisi w’Olukiiko lw’Amateeka mu Gambia, ne mukyala we Hannah. Mwannyina wa Augusta yali Louise N’Jie.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Perfect |first=David |date=2023-04-13 |title=Jawara, Sir Dawda Kairaba (1924–2019), first prime minister and president of The Gambia |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.90000380882 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-861412-8}}</ref> Yasoma ku Mohammedan High School, gyeyasooka okusisinkana omwami we ow’omu maaso, (eyali pulezidenti) Dawda Jawara,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchuria Daily News, Issue dated 1931-04-21 |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/36722_mdnc_1931_19310421 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Manchuria Daily News Online}}</ref> nga tannatandika okusoma obusawo mu Edinburgh, Scotland.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |date=2021-04-13 |title=Reception Soiree to Mr. Frederick Douglass |url=https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474460415.003.0018 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-1-4744-6041-5 |editor-last=Murray |editor-first=Hannah-Rose |pages=203–205 |editor-last2=McKivigan |editor-first2=John R.}}</ref> Mu February 1955, yawasa Dawda Jawara.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hughes |first=Arnold |date=2008 |title=Historical dictionary of The Gambia |last2=Perfect |first2=David |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-5825-1 |edition=4th ed |series=Historical dictionaries of Africa |location=Lanham, Md}}</ref> Omwana waabwe asooka yazaalibwa mu Edinburgh, gyeyali omwami we yali azzeeyo okusoma.<ref name=":1" /> Mu 1960, yeesimbawo mu kulonda kwa House of Representatives mu kulonda kwa 1960, ng’alwanira mu Soldier Town e Bathurst naye n’alemwa ku lwa kibiina kya bba, PPP. Bwe kityo, yafuuka omukazi asooka okwesimbawo mu kulonda kwa Gambian national election.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hughes |first=Arnold |date=2008 |title=Historical dictionary of The Gambia |last2=Perfect |first2=David |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6260-9 |edition=4. ed |series=Historical dictionaries of Africa |location=Lanham, Md.}}</ref> Mu 1962, yatandikawo Women's Contemporary Society.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2020 |title=JAWARA, AUGUSTA (May 26, 1924–January 21, 1981) |url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9798881829353-0129 |journal=Women’s Art of the British Empire |pages=67–68 |doi=10.5040/9798881829353-0129}}</ref> Omuzannyo gwe, The African King, gwakolebwa ku Negro Arts Festival e Dakar mu 1966. Mu 1967, ye ne Dawda Jawara baawukana, era n’addamu okudda mu Busiraamu.[9][10] Mu 1968, yafulumya Rebellion - “obulabika nga kye kitabo ekisooka ekiraga obuvumu bw’abakyala n’okulwanirira abaana abawala mu byafaayo by’ebyawandiiko e Gambia.”[8] Rebellion yaafulumizibwa nga yeeyita erinnya eddala, era yali muzannyo ku Nyasta, omuwala omuvubuka mu kyalo ky’omu byalo eyalwanirira okugenda mu maaso n’okusoma kwe mu kifo ky’okufumbirwa mu ngeri etategekeddwa.[11] Mu kiseera we yaafulumizibwa, yali Pulezidenti wa Gambia Women's Federation,[8] gye yayamba okutandikawo okuva mu bibiina by’abakyala mu Greater Banjul Area.[12] == Okufa == Augusta Jawara yafiira mu London nga 21 Janwali 1981, nga wa myaka 56. == Emirimu == Omusawo w'e Gambia === Eby'okuzannya === * ''The African King'', produced 1966. * ''Rebellion'', 1968 === Ebirala === * "The Gambia Women's Federation", ''Women Today'', Vol. 6, No. 4 (1965), pp.&#x20;79–81. == Ebyogerwako == k7uq3gcekyxnfiefanzoaegw07qhexm 75724 75723 2026-09-30T19:21:46Z MEvalyn 9841 75724 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hannah Augusta Darling Jawara''' (eyazaalibwa nga Mahoney; May 1924 – 21 January 1981), yali omusawo, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo n’omulwanirizi w’eddembe ly’abakyala mu [[Gambia]]. Yali mukyala we asooka (okuva 1955 okutuuka 1967) wa Sir Dawda Jawara, Pulezidenti wa Gambia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Marshall |first=Bill |date=2026-01-06 |title=Asana |url=https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.37730315 |publisher=Afram Publications (Ghana) |isbn=978-9964-70-542-8}}</ref> == Obulamu == Hannah Augusta Darling Mahoney yazaalibwa mu maka amakulu ag’Abakristaayo Aku Creole. Yali muwala wa Sir John Mahoney, eyali Ssaabawandiisi w’Olukiiko lw’Amateeka mu Gambia, ne mukyala we Hannah. Mwannyina wa Augusta yali Louise N’Jie.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Perfect |first=David |date=2023-04-13 |title=Jawara, Sir Dawda Kairaba (1924–2019), first prime minister and president of The Gambia |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.90000380882 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-861412-8}}</ref> Yasoma ku Mohammedan High School, gyeyasooka okusisinkana omwami we ow’omu maaso, (eyali pulezidenti) Dawda Jawara,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchuria Daily News, Issue dated 1931-04-21 |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/36722_mdnc_1931_19310421 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Manchuria Daily News Online}}</ref> nga tannatandika okusoma obusawo mu Edinburgh, Scotland.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |date=2021-04-13 |title=Reception Soiree to Mr. Frederick Douglass |url=https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474460415.003.0018 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-1-4744-6041-5 |editor-last=Murray |editor-first=Hannah-Rose |pages=203–205 |editor-last2=McKivigan |editor-first2=John R.}}</ref> Mu February 1955, yawasa Dawda Jawara.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hughes |first=Arnold |date=2008 |title=Historical dictionary of The Gambia |last2=Perfect |first2=David |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-5825-1 |edition=4th ed |series=Historical dictionaries of Africa |location=Lanham, Md}}</ref> Omwana waabwe asooka yazaalibwa mu Edinburgh, gyeyali omwami we yali azzeeyo okusoma.<ref name=":1" /> Mu 1960, yeesimbawo mu kulonda kwa House of Representatives mu kulonda kwa 1960, ng’alwanira mu Soldier Town e Bathurst naye n’alemwa ku lwa kibiina kya bba, PPP. Bwe kityo, yafuuka omukazi asooka okwesimbawo mu kulonda kwa Gambian national election.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hughes |first=Arnold |date=2008 |title=Historical dictionary of The Gambia |last2=Perfect |first2=David |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6260-9 |edition=4. ed |series=Historical dictionaries of Africa |location=Lanham, Md.}}</ref> Mu 1962, yatandikawo Women's Contemporary Society.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2020 |title=JAWARA, AUGUSTA (May 26, 1924–January 21, 1981) |url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9798881829353-0129 |journal=Women’s Art of the British Empire |pages=67–68 |doi=10.5040/9798881829353-0129}}</ref> Omuzannyo gwe, The African King, gwakolebwa ku Negro Arts Festival e Dakar mu 1966. Mu 1967, ye ne Dawda Jawara baawukana, era n’addamu okudda mu Busiraamu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Perfect |first=David |date=2011-12-08 |title=Jawara, Dawda Kairaba |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.49031 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref>[9][10] Mu 1968, yafulumya Rebellion - “obulabika nga kye kitabo ekisooka ekiraga obuvumu bw’abakyala n’okulwanirira abaana abawala mu byafaayo by’ebyawandiiko e Gambia.”[8] Rebellion yaafulumizibwa nga yeeyita erinnya eddala, era yali muzannyo ku Nyasta, omuwala omuvubuka mu kyalo ky’omu byalo eyalwanirira okugenda mu maaso n’okusoma kwe mu kifo ky’okufumbirwa mu ngeri etategekeddwa.[11] Mu kiseera we yaafulumizibwa, yali Pulezidenti wa Gambia Women's Federation,[8] gye yayamba okutandikawo okuva mu bibiina by’abakyala mu Greater Banjul Area.[12] == Okufa == Augusta Jawara yafiira mu London nga 21 Janwali 1981, nga wa myaka 56. == Emirimu == Omusawo w'e Gambia === Eby'okuzannya === * ''The African King'', produced 1966. * ''Rebellion'', 1968 === Ebirala === * "The Gambia Women's Federation", ''Women Today'', Vol. 6, No. 4 (1965), pp.&#x20;79–81. == Ebyogerwako == 9dlvbvma6zm1ik171pjgqn4yepahi19 75725 75724 2026-09-30T19:22:51Z MEvalyn 9841 75725 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hannah Augusta Darling Jawara''' (eyazaalibwa nga Mahoney; May 1924 – 21 January 1981), yali omusawo, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo n’omulwanirizi w’eddembe ly’abakyala mu [[Gambia]]. Yali mukyala we asooka (okuva 1955 okutuuka 1967) wa Sir Dawda Jawara, Pulezidenti wa Gambia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Marshall |first=Bill |date=2026-01-06 |title=Asana |url=https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.37730315 |publisher=Afram Publications (Ghana) |isbn=978-9964-70-542-8}}</ref> == Obulamu == Hannah Augusta Darling Mahoney yazaalibwa mu maka amakulu ag’Abakristaayo Aku Creole. Yali muwala wa Sir John Mahoney, eyali Ssaabawandiisi w’Olukiiko lw’Amateeka mu Gambia, ne mukyala we Hannah. Mwannyina wa Augusta yali Louise N’Jie.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Perfect |first=David |date=2023-04-13 |title=Jawara, Sir Dawda Kairaba (1924–2019), first prime minister and president of The Gambia |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.90000380882 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-861412-8}}</ref> Yasoma ku Mohammedan High School, gyeyasooka okusisinkana omwami we ow’omu maaso, (eyali pulezidenti) Dawda Jawara,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchuria Daily News, Issue dated 1931-04-21 |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/36722_mdnc_1931_19310421 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Manchuria Daily News Online}}</ref> nga tannatandika okusoma obusawo mu Edinburgh, Scotland.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |date=2021-04-13 |title=Reception Soiree to Mr. Frederick Douglass |url=https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474460415.003.0018 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-1-4744-6041-5 |editor-last=Murray |editor-first=Hannah-Rose |pages=203–205 |editor-last2=McKivigan |editor-first2=John R.}}</ref> Mu February 1955, yawasa Dawda Jawara.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hughes |first=Arnold |date=2008 |title=Historical dictionary of The Gambia |last2=Perfect |first2=David |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-5825-1 |edition=4th ed |series=Historical dictionaries of Africa |location=Lanham, Md}}</ref> Omwana waabwe asooka yazaalibwa mu Edinburgh, gyeyali omwami we yali azzeeyo okusoma.<ref name=":1" /> Mu 1960, yeesimbawo mu kulonda kwa House of Representatives mu kulonda kwa 1960, ng’alwanira mu Soldier Town e Bathurst naye n’alemwa ku lwa kibiina kya bba, PPP. Bwe kityo, yafuuka omukazi asooka okwesimbawo mu kulonda kwa Gambian national election.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hughes |first=Arnold |date=2008 |title=Historical dictionary of The Gambia |last2=Perfect |first2=David |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6260-9 |edition=4. ed |series=Historical dictionaries of Africa |location=Lanham, Md.}}</ref> Mu 1962, yatandikawo Women's Contemporary Society.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2020 |title=JAWARA, AUGUSTA (May 26, 1924–January 21, 1981) |url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9798881829353-0129 |journal=Women’s Art of the British Empire |pages=67–68 |doi=10.5040/9798881829353-0129}}</ref> Omuzannyo gwe, The African King, gwakolebwa ku Negro Arts Festival e Dakar mu 1966. Mu 1967, ye ne Dawda Jawara baawukana, era n’addamu okudda mu Busiraamu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Perfect |first=David |date=2011-12-08 |title=Jawara, Dawda Kairaba |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.49031 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Baum |first=Robert |date=2005-04-07 |title=Jawara, Sir Dawda Kairaba |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.41867 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref> Mu 1968, yafulumya Rebellion - “obulabika nga kye kitabo ekisooka ekiraga obuvumu bw’abakyala n’okulwanirira abaana abawala mu byafaayo by’ebyawandiiko e Gambia.”[8] Rebellion yaafulumizibwa nga yeeyita erinnya eddala, era yali muzannyo ku Nyasta, omuwala omuvubuka mu kyalo ky’omu byalo eyalwanirira okugenda mu maaso n’okusoma kwe mu kifo ky’okufumbirwa mu ngeri etategekeddwa.[11] Mu kiseera we yaafulumizibwa, yali Pulezidenti wa Gambia Women's Federation,[8] gye yayamba okutandikawo okuva mu bibiina by’abakyala mu Greater Banjul Area.[12] == Okufa == Augusta Jawara yafiira mu London nga 21 Janwali 1981, nga wa myaka 56. == Emirimu == Omusawo w'e Gambia === Eby'okuzannya === * ''The African King'', produced 1966. * ''Rebellion'', 1968 === Ebirala === * "The Gambia Women's Federation", ''Women Today'', Vol. 6, No. 4 (1965), pp.&#x20;79–81. == Ebyogerwako == djhyp3l6m80qgqji7dk9gfbbbm5qdpx 75726 75725 2026-09-30T19:23:48Z MEvalyn 9841 75726 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hannah Augusta Darling Jawara''' (eyazaalibwa nga Mahoney; May 1924 – 21 January 1981), yali omusawo, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo n’omulwanirizi w’eddembe ly’abakyala mu [[Gambia]]. Yali mukyala we asooka (okuva 1955 okutuuka 1967) wa Sir Dawda Jawara, Pulezidenti wa Gambia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Marshall |first=Bill |date=2026-01-06 |title=Asana |url=https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.37730315 |publisher=Afram Publications (Ghana) |isbn=978-9964-70-542-8}}</ref> == Obulamu == Hannah Augusta Darling Mahoney yazaalibwa mu maka amakulu ag’Abakristaayo Aku Creole. Yali muwala wa Sir John Mahoney, eyali Ssaabawandiisi w’Olukiiko lw’Amateeka mu Gambia, ne mukyala we Hannah. Mwannyina wa Augusta yali Louise N’Jie.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Perfect |first=David |date=2023-04-13 |title=Jawara, Sir Dawda Kairaba (1924–2019), first prime minister and president of The Gambia |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.90000380882 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-861412-8}}</ref> Yasoma ku Mohammedan High School, gyeyasooka okusisinkana omwami we ow’omu maaso, (eyali pulezidenti) Dawda Jawara,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchuria Daily News, Issue dated 1931-04-21 |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/36722_mdnc_1931_19310421 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Manchuria Daily News Online}}</ref> nga tannatandika okusoma obusawo mu Edinburgh, Scotland.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |date=2021-04-13 |title=Reception Soiree to Mr. Frederick Douglass |url=https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474460415.003.0018 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-1-4744-6041-5 |editor-last=Murray |editor-first=Hannah-Rose |pages=203–205 |editor-last2=McKivigan |editor-first2=John R.}}</ref> Mu February 1955, yawasa Dawda Jawara.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hughes |first=Arnold |date=2008 |title=Historical dictionary of The Gambia |last2=Perfect |first2=David |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-5825-1 |edition=4th ed |series=Historical dictionaries of Africa |location=Lanham, Md}}</ref> Omwana waabwe asooka yazaalibwa mu Edinburgh, gyeyali omwami we yali azzeeyo okusoma.<ref name=":1" /> Mu 1960, yeesimbawo mu kulonda kwa House of Representatives mu kulonda kwa 1960, ng’alwanira mu Soldier Town e Bathurst naye n’alemwa ku lwa kibiina kya bba, PPP. Bwe kityo, yafuuka omukazi asooka okwesimbawo mu kulonda kwa Gambian national election.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hughes |first=Arnold |date=2008 |title=Historical dictionary of The Gambia |last2=Perfect |first2=David |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6260-9 |edition=4. ed |series=Historical dictionaries of Africa |location=Lanham, Md.}}</ref> Mu 1962, yatandikawo Women's Contemporary Society.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2020 |title=JAWARA, AUGUSTA (May 26, 1924–January 21, 1981) |url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9798881829353-0129 |journal=Women’s Art of the British Empire |pages=67–68 |doi=10.5040/9798881829353-0129}}</ref> Omuzannyo gwe, The African King, gwakolebwa ku Negro Arts Festival e Dakar mu 1966. Mu 1967, ye ne Dawda Jawara baawukana, era n’addamu okudda mu Busiraamu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Perfect |first=David |date=2011-12-08 |title=Jawara, Dawda Kairaba |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.49031 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Baum |first=Robert |date=2005-04-07 |title=Jawara, Sir Dawda Kairaba |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.41867 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref> Mu 1968, yafulumya Rebellion - “obulabika nga kye kitabo ekisooka ekiraga obuvumu bw’abakyala n’okulwanirira abaana abawala mu byafaayo by’ebyawandiiko e Gambia.”[8] Rebellion yaafulumizibwa nga yeeyita erinnya eddala, era yali muzannyo ku Nyasta, omuwala omuvubuka mu kyalo ky’omu byalo eyalwanirira okugenda mu maaso n’okusoma kwe mu kifo ky’okufumbirwa mu ngeri etategekeddwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sable Litmag |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/1872-9037_afco_asc_776 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=African Studies Companion Online}}</ref> Mu kiseera we yaafulumizibwa, yali Pulezidenti wa Gambia Women's Federation,[8] gye yayamba okutandikawo okuva mu bibiina by’abakyala mu Greater Banjul Area.[12] == Okufa == Augusta Jawara yafiira mu London nga 21 Janwali 1981, nga wa myaka 56. == Emirimu == Omusawo w'e Gambia === Eby'okuzannya === * ''The African King'', produced 1966. * ''Rebellion'', 1968 === Ebirala === * "The Gambia Women's Federation", ''Women Today'', Vol. 6, No. 4 (1965), pp.&#x20;79–81. == Ebyogerwako == 0p7u4skyv03ttd8wo3ltcojfouriat4 75727 75726 2026-09-30T19:24:45Z MEvalyn 9841 Added citation 75727 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hannah Augusta Darling Jawara''' (eyazaalibwa nga Mahoney; May 1924 – 21 January 1981), yali omusawo, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo n’omulwanirizi w’eddembe ly’abakyala mu [[Gambia]]. Yali mukyala we asooka (okuva 1955 okutuuka 1967) wa Sir Dawda Jawara, Pulezidenti wa Gambia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Marshall |first=Bill |date=2026-01-06 |title=Asana |url=https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.37730315 |publisher=Afram Publications (Ghana) |isbn=978-9964-70-542-8}}</ref> == Obulamu == Hannah Augusta Darling Mahoney yazaalibwa mu maka amakulu ag’Abakristaayo Aku Creole. Yali muwala wa Sir John Mahoney, eyali Ssaabawandiisi w’Olukiiko lw’Amateeka mu Gambia, ne mukyala we Hannah. Mwannyina wa Augusta yali Louise N’Jie.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Perfect |first=David |date=2023-04-13 |title=Jawara, Sir Dawda Kairaba (1924–2019), first prime minister and president of The Gambia |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.90000380882 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-861412-8}}</ref> Yasoma ku Mohammedan High School, gyeyasooka okusisinkana omwami we ow’omu maaso, (eyali pulezidenti) Dawda Jawara,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchuria Daily News, Issue dated 1931-04-21 |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/36722_mdnc_1931_19310421 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Manchuria Daily News Online}}</ref> nga tannatandika okusoma obusawo mu Edinburgh, Scotland.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |date=2021-04-13 |title=Reception Soiree to Mr. Frederick Douglass |url=https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474460415.003.0018 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-1-4744-6041-5 |editor-last=Murray |editor-first=Hannah-Rose |pages=203–205 |editor-last2=McKivigan |editor-first2=John R.}}</ref> Mu February 1955, yawasa Dawda Jawara.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hughes |first=Arnold |date=2008 |title=Historical dictionary of The Gambia |last2=Perfect |first2=David |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-5825-1 |edition=4th ed |series=Historical dictionaries of Africa |location=Lanham, Md}}</ref> Omwana waabwe asooka yazaalibwa mu Edinburgh, gyeyali omwami we yali azzeeyo okusoma.<ref name=":1" /> Mu 1960, yeesimbawo mu kulonda kwa House of Representatives mu kulonda kwa 1960, ng’alwanira mu Soldier Town e Bathurst naye n’alemwa ku lwa kibiina kya bba, PPP. Bwe kityo, yafuuka omukazi asooka okwesimbawo mu kulonda kwa Gambian national election.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hughes |first=Arnold |date=2008 |title=Historical dictionary of The Gambia |last2=Perfect |first2=David |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6260-9 |edition=4. ed |series=Historical dictionaries of Africa |location=Lanham, Md.}}</ref> Mu 1962, yatandikawo Women's Contemporary Society.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2020 |title=JAWARA, AUGUSTA (May 26, 1924–January 21, 1981) |url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9798881829353-0129 |journal=Women’s Art of the British Empire |pages=67–68 |doi=10.5040/9798881829353-0129}}</ref> Omuzannyo gwe, The African King, gwakolebwa ku Negro Arts Festival e Dakar mu 1966. Mu 1967, ye ne Dawda Jawara baawukana, era n’addamu okudda mu Busiraamu.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Perfect |first=David |date=2011-12-08 |title=Jawara, Dawda Kairaba |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.49031 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Baum |first=Robert |date=2005-04-07 |title=Jawara, Sir Dawda Kairaba |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.41867 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref> Mu 1968, yafulumya Rebellion - “obulabika nga kye kitabo ekisooka ekiraga obuvumu bw’abakyala n’okulwanirira abaana abawala mu byafaayo by’ebyawandiiko e Gambia.”[8] Rebellion yaafulumizibwa nga yeeyita erinnya eddala, era yali muzannyo ku Nyasta, omuwala omuvubuka mu kyalo ky’omu byalo eyalwanirira okugenda mu maaso n’okusoma kwe mu kifo ky’okufumbirwa mu ngeri etategekeddwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sable Litmag |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/1872-9037_afco_asc_776 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=African Studies Companion Online}}</ref> Mu kiseera we yaafulumizibwa, yali Pulezidenti wa Gambia Women's Federation,[8] gye yayamba okutandikawo okuva mu bibiina by’abakyala mu Greater Banjul Area.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rich |first=Jeremy |date=2011-12-08 |title=N’jie-Saidy, Isatou |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.49637 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref> == Okufa == Augusta Jawara yafiira mu London nga 21 Janwali 1981, nga wa myaka 56. == Emirimu == Omusawo w'e Gambia === Eby'okuzannya === * ''The African King'', produced 1966. * ''Rebellion'', 1968 === Ebirala === * "The Gambia Women's Federation", ''Women Today'', Vol. 6, No. 4 (1965), pp.&#x20;79–81. == Ebyogerwako == oil0v59ni78d3xwpnvs72hkfxg1u3n8 75728 75727 2026-09-30T19:25:15Z MEvalyn 9841 75728 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hannah Augusta Darling Jawara''' (eyazaalibwa nga Mahoney; May 1924 – 21 January 1981), yali omusawo, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo n’omulwanirizi w’eddembe ly’abakyala mu [[Gambia]]. Yali mukyala we asooka (okuva 1955 okutuuka 1967) wa Sir Dawda Jawara, Pulezidenti wa Gambia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Marshall |first=Bill |date=2026-01-06 |title=Asana |url=https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.37730315 |publisher=Afram Publications (Ghana) |isbn=978-9964-70-542-8}}</ref> == Obulamu == Hannah Augusta Darling Mahoney yazaalibwa mu maka amakulu ag’Abakristaayo Aku Creole. Yali muwala wa Sir John Mahoney, eyali Ssaabawandiisi w’Olukiiko lw’Amateeka mu Gambia, ne mukyala we Hannah. Mwannyina wa Augusta yali Louise N’Jie.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Perfect |first=David |date=2023-04-13 |title=Jawara, Sir Dawda Kairaba (1924–2019), first prime minister and president of The Gambia |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.90000380882 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-861412-8}}</ref> Yasoma ku Mohammedan High School, gyeyasooka okusisinkana omwami we ow’omu maaso, (eyali pulezidenti) Dawda Jawara,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchuria Daily News, Issue dated 1931-04-21 |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/36722_mdnc_1931_19310421 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Manchuria Daily News Online}}</ref> nga tannatandika okusoma obusawo mu Edinburgh, Scotland.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |date=2021-04-13 |title=Reception Soiree to Mr. Frederick Douglass |url=https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474460415.003.0018 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-1-4744-6041-5 |editor-last=Murray |editor-first=Hannah-Rose |pages=203–205 |editor-last2=McKivigan |editor-first2=John R.}}</ref> Mu February 1955, yawasa Dawda Jawara.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hughes |first=Arnold |date=2008 |title=Historical dictionary of The Gambia |last2=Perfect |first2=David |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-5825-1 |edition=4th ed |series=Historical dictionaries of Africa |location=Lanham, Md}}</ref> Omwana waabwe asooka yazaalibwa mu Edinburgh, gyeyali omwami we yali azzeeyo okusoma.<ref name=":1" /> Mu 1960, yeesimbawo mu kulonda kwa House of Representatives mu kulonda kwa 1960, ng’alwanira mu Soldier Town e Bathurst naye n’alemwa ku lwa kibiina kya bba, PPP. Bwe kityo, yafuuka omukazi asooka okwesimbawo mu kulonda kwa Gambian national election.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hughes |first=Arnold |date=2008 |title=Historical dictionary of The Gambia |last2=Perfect |first2=David |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6260-9 |edition=4. ed |series=Historical dictionaries of Africa |location=Lanham, Md.}}</ref> Mu 1962, yatandikawo Women's Contemporary Society.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2020 |title=JAWARA, AUGUSTA (May 26, 1924–January 21, 1981) |url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9798881829353-0129 |journal=Women’s Art of the British Empire |pages=67–68 |doi=10.5040/9798881829353-0129}}</ref> Omuzannyo gwe, The African King, gwakolebwa ku Negro Arts Festival e Dakar mu 1966. Mu 1967, ye ne Dawda Jawara baawukana, era n’addamu okudda mu Busiraamu.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Perfect |first=David |date=2011-12-08 |title=Jawara, Dawda Kairaba |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.49031 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Baum |first=Robert |date=2005-04-07 |title=Jawara, Sir Dawda Kairaba |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.41867 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref> Mu 1968, yafulumya Rebellion - “obulabika nga kye kitabo ekisooka ekiraga obuvumu bw’abakyala n’okulwanirira abaana abawala mu byafaayo by’ebyawandiiko e Gambia.”<ref name=":2" /> Rebellion yaafulumizibwa nga yeeyita erinnya eddala, era yali muzannyo ku Nyasta, omuwala omuvubuka mu kyalo ky’omu byalo eyalwanirira okugenda mu maaso n’okusoma kwe mu kifo ky’okufumbirwa mu ngeri etategekeddwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sable Litmag |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/1872-9037_afco_asc_776 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=African Studies Companion Online}}</ref> Mu kiseera we yaafulumizibwa, yali Pulezidenti wa Gambia Women's Federation,[8] gye yayamba okutandikawo okuva mu bibiina by’abakyala mu Greater Banjul Area.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rich |first=Jeremy |date=2011-12-08 |title=N’jie-Saidy, Isatou |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.49637 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref> == Okufa == Augusta Jawara yafiira mu London nga 21 Janwali 1981, nga wa myaka 56. == Emirimu == Omusawo w'e Gambia === Eby'okuzannya === * ''The African King'', produced 1966. * ''Rebellion'', 1968 === Ebirala === * "The Gambia Women's Federation", ''Women Today'', Vol. 6, No. 4 (1965), pp.&#x20;79–81. == Ebyogerwako == 2vv2h65wskj3mma2jzt9ikhz3dvy2ul 75729 75728 2026-09-30T19:25:39Z MEvalyn 9841 75729 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hannah Augusta Darling Jawara''' (eyazaalibwa nga Mahoney; May 1924 – 21 January 1981), yali omusawo, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo n’omulwanirizi w’eddembe ly’abakyala mu [[Gambia]]. Yali mukyala we asooka (okuva 1955 okutuuka 1967) wa Sir Dawda Jawara, Pulezidenti wa Gambia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Marshall |first=Bill |date=2026-01-06 |title=Asana |url=https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.37730315 |publisher=Afram Publications (Ghana) |isbn=978-9964-70-542-8}}</ref> == Obulamu == Hannah Augusta Darling Mahoney yazaalibwa mu maka amakulu ag’Abakristaayo Aku Creole. Yali muwala wa Sir John Mahoney, eyali Ssaabawandiisi w’Olukiiko lw’Amateeka mu Gambia, ne mukyala we Hannah. Mwannyina wa Augusta yali Louise N’Jie.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Perfect |first=David |date=2023-04-13 |title=Jawara, Sir Dawda Kairaba (1924–2019), first prime minister and president of The Gambia |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.90000380882 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-861412-8}}</ref> Yasoma ku Mohammedan High School, gyeyasooka okusisinkana omwami we ow’omu maaso, (eyali pulezidenti) Dawda Jawara,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchuria Daily News, Issue dated 1931-04-21 |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/36722_mdnc_1931_19310421 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Manchuria Daily News Online}}</ref> nga tannatandika okusoma obusawo mu Edinburgh, Scotland.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |date=2021-04-13 |title=Reception Soiree to Mr. Frederick Douglass |url=https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474460415.003.0018 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-1-4744-6041-5 |editor-last=Murray |editor-first=Hannah-Rose |pages=203–205 |editor-last2=McKivigan |editor-first2=John R.}}</ref> Mu February 1955, yawasa Dawda Jawara.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hughes |first=Arnold |date=2008 |title=Historical dictionary of The Gambia |last2=Perfect |first2=David |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-5825-1 |edition=4th ed |series=Historical dictionaries of Africa |location=Lanham, Md}}</ref> Omwana waabwe asooka yazaalibwa mu Edinburgh, gyeyali omwami we yali azzeeyo okusoma.<ref name=":1" /> Mu 1960, yeesimbawo mu kulonda kwa House of Representatives mu kulonda kwa 1960, ng’alwanira mu Soldier Town e Bathurst naye n’alemwa ku lwa kibiina kya bba, PPP. Bwe kityo, yafuuka omukazi asooka okwesimbawo mu kulonda kwa Gambian national election.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hughes |first=Arnold |date=2008 |title=Historical dictionary of The Gambia |last2=Perfect |first2=David |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6260-9 |edition=4. ed |series=Historical dictionaries of Africa |location=Lanham, Md.}}</ref> Mu 1962, yatandikawo Women's Contemporary Society.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2020 |title=JAWARA, AUGUSTA (May 26, 1924–January 21, 1981) |url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9798881829353-0129 |journal=Women’s Art of the British Empire |pages=67–68 |doi=10.5040/9798881829353-0129}}</ref> Omuzannyo gwe, The African King, gwakolebwa ku Negro Arts Festival e Dakar mu 1966. Mu 1967, ye ne Dawda Jawara baawukana, era n’addamu okudda mu Busiraamu.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Perfect |first=David |date=2011-12-08 |title=Jawara, Dawda Kairaba |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.49031 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Baum |first=Robert |date=2005-04-07 |title=Jawara, Sir Dawda Kairaba |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.41867 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref> Mu 1968, yafulumya Rebellion - “obulabika nga kye kitabo ekisooka ekiraga obuvumu bw’abakyala n’okulwanirira abaana abawala mu byafaayo by’ebyawandiiko e Gambia.”<ref name=":2" /> Rebellion yaafulumizibwa nga yeeyita erinnya eddala, era yali muzannyo ku Nyasta, omuwala omuvubuka mu kyalo ky’omu byalo eyalwanirira okugenda mu maaso n’okusoma kwe mu kifo ky’okufumbirwa mu ngeri etategekeddwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sable Litmag |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/1872-9037_afco_asc_776 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=African Studies Companion Online}}</ref> Mu kiseera we yaafulumizibwa, yali Pulezidenti wa Gambia Women's Federation,<ref name=":2" /> gye yayamba okutandikawo okuva mu bibiina by’abakyala mu Greater Banjul Area.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rich |first=Jeremy |date=2011-12-08 |title=N’jie-Saidy, Isatou |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.49637 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref> == Okufa == Augusta Jawara yafiira mu London nga 21 Janwali 1981, nga wa myaka 56. == Emirimu == Omusawo w'e Gambia === Eby'okuzannya === * ''The African King'', produced 1966. * ''Rebellion'', 1968 === Ebirala === * "The Gambia Women's Federation", ''Women Today'', Vol. 6, No. 4 (1965), pp.&#x20;79–81. == Ebyogerwako == bsfckw59u2r0n1dkkseqz321yjgam1s 75730 75729 2026-09-30T19:27:13Z MEvalyn 9841 75730 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hannah Augusta Darling Jawara''' (eyazaalibwa nga Mahoney; May 1924 – 21 January 1981), yali omusawo, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo n’omulwanirizi w’eddembe ly’abakyala mu [[Gambia]]. Yali mukyala we asooka (okuva 1955 okutuuka 1967) wa Sir Dawda Jawara, Pulezidenti wa Gambia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Marshall |first=Bill |date=2026-01-06 |title=Asana |url=https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.37730315 |publisher=Afram Publications (Ghana) |isbn=978-9964-70-542-8}}</ref> == Obulamu == Hannah Augusta Darling Mahoney yazaalibwa mu maka amakulu ag’Abakristaayo Aku Creole. Yali muwala wa Sir John Mahoney, eyali Ssaabawandiisi w’Olukiiko lw’Amateeka mu Gambia, ne mukyala we Hannah. Mwannyina wa Augusta yali Louise N’Jie.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Perfect |first=David |date=2023-04-13 |title=Jawara, Sir Dawda Kairaba (1924–2019), first prime minister and president of The Gambia |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.90000380882 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-861412-8}}</ref> Yasoma ku Mohammedan High School, gyeyasooka okusisinkana omwami we ow’omu maaso, (eyali pulezidenti) Dawda Jawara,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchuria Daily News, Issue dated 1931-04-21 |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/36722_mdnc_1931_19310421 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Manchuria Daily News Online}}</ref> nga tannatandika okusoma obusawo mu Edinburgh, Scotland.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |date=2021-04-13 |title=Reception Soiree to Mr. Frederick Douglass |url=https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474460415.003.0018 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-1-4744-6041-5 |editor-last=Murray |editor-first=Hannah-Rose |pages=203–205 |editor-last2=McKivigan |editor-first2=John R.}}</ref> Mu February 1955, yawasa Dawda Jawara.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hughes |first=Arnold |date=2008 |title=Historical dictionary of The Gambia |last2=Perfect |first2=David |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-5825-1 |edition=4th ed |series=Historical dictionaries of Africa |location=Lanham, Md}}</ref> Omwana waabwe asooka yazaalibwa mu Edinburgh, gyeyali omwami we yali azzeeyo okusoma.<ref name=":1" /> Mu 1960, yeesimbawo mu kulonda kwa House of Representatives mu kulonda kwa 1960, ng’alwanira mu Soldier Town e Bathurst naye n’alemwa ku lwa kibiina kya bba, PPP. Bwe kityo, yafuuka omukazi asooka okwesimbawo mu kulonda kwa Gambian national election.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hughes |first=Arnold |date=2008 |title=Historical dictionary of The Gambia |last2=Perfect |first2=David |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6260-9 |edition=4. ed |series=Historical dictionaries of Africa |location=Lanham, Md.}}</ref> Mu 1962, yatandikawo Women's Contemporary Society.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2020 |title=JAWARA, AUGUSTA (May 26, 1924–January 21, 1981) |url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9798881829353-0129 |journal=Women’s Art of the British Empire |pages=67–68 |doi=10.5040/9798881829353-0129}}</ref> Omuzannyo gwe, The African King, gwakolebwa ku Negro Arts Festival e Dakar mu 1966. Mu 1967, ye ne Dawda Jawara baawukana, era n’addamu okudda mu Busiraamu.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Perfect |first=David |date=2011-12-08 |title=Jawara, Dawda Kairaba |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.49031 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Baum |first=Robert |date=2005-04-07 |title=Jawara, Sir Dawda Kairaba |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.41867 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref> Mu 1968, yafulumya Rebellion - “obulabika nga kye kitabo ekisooka ekiraga obuvumu bw’abakyala n’okulwanirira abaana abawala mu byafaayo by’ebyawandiiko e Gambia.”<ref name=":2" /> Rebellion yaafulumizibwa nga yeeyita erinnya eddala, era yali muzannyo ku Nyasta, omuwala omuvubuka mu kyalo ky’omu byalo eyalwanirira okugenda mu maaso n’okusoma kwe mu kifo ky’okufumbirwa mu ngeri etategekeddwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sable Litmag |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/1872-9037_afco_asc_776 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=African Studies Companion Online}}</ref> Mu kiseera we yaafulumizibwa, yali Pulezidenti wa Gambia Women's Federation,<ref name=":2" /> gye yayamba okutandikawo okuva mu bibiina by’abakyala mu Greater Banjul Area.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rich |first=Jeremy |date=2011-12-08 |title=N’jie-Saidy, Isatou |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.49637 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref> == Okufa == Augusta Jawara yafiira mu London nga 21 Janwali 1981, nga wa myaka 56.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ceesay |first=Hassoum |date=2014-05-31 |title=Jawara, Hannah Augusta Darling |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.50395 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref> == Emirimu == Omusawo w'e Gambia === Eby'okuzannya === * ''The African King'', produced 1966. * ''Rebellion'', 1968 === Ebirala === * "The Gambia Women's Federation", ''Women Today'', Vol. 6, No. 4 (1965), pp.&#x20;79–81. == Ebyogerwako == f6liruw1jhx43eog2p8mh01e1l2yp1e 75731 75730 2026-09-30T19:27:49Z MEvalyn 9841 75731 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hannah Augusta Darling Jawara''' (eyazaalibwa nga Mahoney; May 1924 – 21 January 1981), yali omusawo, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo n’omulwanirizi w’eddembe ly’abakyala mu [[Gambia]]. Yali mukyala we asooka (okuva 1955 okutuuka 1967) wa Sir Dawda Jawara, Pulezidenti wa Gambia.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Marshall |first=Bill |date=2026-01-06 |title=Asana |url=https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.37730315 |publisher=Afram Publications (Ghana) |isbn=978-9964-70-542-8}}</ref> == Obulamu == Hannah Augusta Darling Mahoney yazaalibwa mu maka amakulu ag’Abakristaayo Aku Creole. Yali muwala wa Sir John Mahoney, eyali Ssaabawandiisi w’Olukiiko lw’Amateeka mu Gambia, ne mukyala we Hannah. Mwannyina wa Augusta yali Louise N’Jie.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Perfect |first=David |date=2023-04-13 |title=Jawara, Sir Dawda Kairaba (1924–2019), first prime minister and president of The Gambia |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.90000380882 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-861412-8}}</ref> Yasoma ku Mohammedan High School, gyeyasooka okusisinkana omwami we ow’omu maaso, (eyali pulezidenti) Dawda Jawara,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchuria Daily News, Issue dated 1931-04-21 |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/36722_mdnc_1931_19310421 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Manchuria Daily News Online}}</ref> nga tannatandika okusoma obusawo mu Edinburgh, Scotland.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |date=2021-04-13 |title=Reception Soiree to Mr. Frederick Douglass |url=https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474460415.003.0018 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-1-4744-6041-5 |editor-last=Murray |editor-first=Hannah-Rose |pages=203–205 |editor-last2=McKivigan |editor-first2=John R.}}</ref> Mu February 1955, yawasa Dawda Jawara.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hughes |first=Arnold |date=2008 |title=Historical dictionary of The Gambia |last2=Perfect |first2=David |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-5825-1 |edition=4th ed |series=Historical dictionaries of Africa |location=Lanham, Md}}</ref> Omwana waabwe asooka yazaalibwa mu Edinburgh, gyeyali omwami we yali azzeeyo okusoma.<ref name=":1" /> Mu 1960, yeesimbawo mu kulonda kwa House of Representatives mu kulonda kwa 1960, ng’alwanira mu Soldier Town e Bathurst naye n’alemwa ku lwa kibiina kya bba, PPP. Bwe kityo, yafuuka omukazi asooka okwesimbawo mu kulonda kwa Gambian national election.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hughes |first=Arnold |date=2008 |title=Historical dictionary of The Gambia |last2=Perfect |first2=David |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6260-9 |edition=4. ed |series=Historical dictionaries of Africa |location=Lanham, Md.}}</ref> Mu 1962, yatandikawo Women's Contemporary Society.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2020 |title=JAWARA, AUGUSTA (May 26, 1924–January 21, 1981) |url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9798881829353-0129 |journal=Women’s Art of the British Empire |pages=67–68 |doi=10.5040/9798881829353-0129}}</ref> Omuzannyo gwe, The African King, gwakolebwa ku Negro Arts Festival e Dakar mu 1966. Mu 1967, ye ne Dawda Jawara baawukana, era n’addamu okudda mu Busiraamu.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Perfect |first=David |date=2011-12-08 |title=Jawara, Dawda Kairaba |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.49031 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Baum |first=Robert |date=2005-04-07 |title=Jawara, Sir Dawda Kairaba |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.41867 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref> Mu 1968, yafulumya Rebellion - “obulabika nga kye kitabo ekisooka ekiraga obuvumu bw’abakyala n’okulwanirira abaana abawala mu byafaayo by’ebyawandiiko e Gambia.”<ref name=":2" /> Rebellion yaafulumizibwa nga yeeyita erinnya eddala, era yali muzannyo ku Nyasta, omuwala omuvubuka mu kyalo ky’omu byalo eyalwanirira okugenda mu maaso n’okusoma kwe mu kifo ky’okufumbirwa mu ngeri etategekeddwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sable Litmag |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/1872-9037_afco_asc_776 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=African Studies Companion Online}}</ref> Mu kiseera we yaafulumizibwa, yali Pulezidenti wa Gambia Women's Federation,<ref name=":2" /> gye yayamba okutandikawo okuva mu bibiina by’abakyala mu Greater Banjul Area.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rich |first=Jeremy |date=2011-12-08 |title=N’jie-Saidy, Isatou |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.49637 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref> == Okufa == Augusta Jawara yafiira mu London nga 21 Janwali 1981, nga wa myaka 56.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ceesay |first=Hassoum |date=2014-05-31 |title=Jawara, Hannah Augusta Darling |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.50395 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref> == Emirimu == Omusawo w'e Gambia === Eby'okuzannya === * ''The African King'', produced 1966. * ''Rebellion'', 1968<ref name=":3" /> === Ebirala === * "The Gambia Women's Federation", ''Women Today'', Vol. 6, No. 4 (1965), pp.&#x20;79–81. == Ebyogerwako == nuqos9lzan22gt7uwkduad9fwqwe06g 75732 75731 2026-09-30T19:29:00Z MEvalyn 9841 75732 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hannah Augusta Darling Jawara''' (eyazaalibwa nga Mahoney; May 1924 – 21 January 1981), yali omusawo, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo n’omulwanirizi w’eddembe ly’abakyala mu [[Gambia]]. Yali mukyala we asooka (okuva 1955 okutuuka 1967) wa Sir Dawda Jawara, Pulezidenti wa Gambia.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Marshall |first=Bill |date=2026-01-06 |title=Asana |url=https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.37730315 |publisher=Afram Publications (Ghana) |isbn=978-9964-70-542-8}}</ref> == Obulamu == Hannah Augusta Darling Mahoney yazaalibwa mu maka amakulu ag’Abakristaayo Aku Creole. Yali muwala wa Sir John Mahoney, eyali Ssaabawandiisi w’Olukiiko lw’Amateeka mu Gambia, ne mukyala we Hannah. Mwannyina wa Augusta yali Louise N’Jie.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Perfect |first=David |date=2023-04-13 |title=Jawara, Sir Dawda Kairaba (1924–2019), first prime minister and president of The Gambia |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.90000380882 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-861412-8}}</ref> Yasoma ku Mohammedan High School, gyeyasooka okusisinkana omwami we ow’omu maaso, (eyali pulezidenti) Dawda Jawara,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchuria Daily News, Issue dated 1931-04-21 |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/36722_mdnc_1931_19310421 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Manchuria Daily News Online}}</ref> nga tannatandika okusoma obusawo mu Edinburgh, Scotland.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |date=2021-04-13 |title=Reception Soiree to Mr. Frederick Douglass |url=https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474460415.003.0018 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-1-4744-6041-5 |editor-last=Murray |editor-first=Hannah-Rose |pages=203–205 |editor-last2=McKivigan |editor-first2=John R.}}</ref> Mu February 1955, yawasa Dawda Jawara.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hughes |first=Arnold |date=2008 |title=Historical dictionary of The Gambia |last2=Perfect |first2=David |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-5825-1 |edition=4th ed |series=Historical dictionaries of Africa |location=Lanham, Md}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Hughes |first=Arnold |date=2008 |title=Historical dictionary of The Gambia |last2=Perfect |first2=David |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-5825-1 |edition=4th ed |series=Historical dictionaries of Africa |location=Lanham, Md}}</ref>Omwana waabwe asooka yazaalibwa mu Edinburgh, gyeyali omwami we yali azzeeyo okusoma.<ref name=":1" /> Mu 1960, yeesimbawo mu kulonda kwa House of Representatives mu kulonda kwa 1960, ng’alwanira mu Soldier Town e Bathurst naye n’alemwa ku lwa kibiina kya bba, PPP. Bwe kityo, yafuuka omukazi asooka okwesimbawo mu kulonda kwa Gambian national election.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hughes |first=Arnold |date=2008 |title=Historical dictionary of The Gambia |last2=Perfect |first2=David |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6260-9 |edition=4. ed |series=Historical dictionaries of Africa |location=Lanham, Md.}}</ref> Mu 1962, yatandikawo Women's Contemporary Society.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2020 |title=JAWARA, AUGUSTA (May 26, 1924–January 21, 1981) |url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9798881829353-0129 |journal=Women’s Art of the British Empire |pages=67–68 |doi=10.5040/9798881829353-0129}}</ref> Omuzannyo gwe, The African King, gwakolebwa ku Negro Arts Festival e Dakar mu 1966. Mu 1967, ye ne Dawda Jawara baawukana, era n’addamu okudda mu Busiraamu.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Perfect |first=David |date=2011-12-08 |title=Jawara, Dawda Kairaba |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.49031 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Baum |first=Robert |date=2005-04-07 |title=Jawara, Sir Dawda Kairaba |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.41867 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref> Mu 1968, yafulumya Rebellion - “obulabika nga kye kitabo ekisooka ekiraga obuvumu bw’abakyala n’okulwanirira abaana abawala mu byafaayo by’ebyawandiiko e Gambia.”<ref name=":2" /> Rebellion yaafulumizibwa nga yeeyita erinnya eddala, era yali muzannyo ku Nyasta, omuwala omuvubuka mu kyalo ky’omu byalo eyalwanirira okugenda mu maaso n’okusoma kwe mu kifo ky’okufumbirwa mu ngeri etategekeddwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sable Litmag |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/1872-9037_afco_asc_776 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=African Studies Companion Online}}</ref> Mu kiseera we yaafulumizibwa, yali Pulezidenti wa Gambia Women's Federation,<ref name=":2" /> gye yayamba okutandikawo okuva mu bibiina by’abakyala mu Greater Banjul Area.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rich |first=Jeremy |date=2011-12-08 |title=N’jie-Saidy, Isatou |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.49637 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref> == Okufa == Augusta Jawara yafiira mu London nga 21 Janwali 1981, nga wa myaka 56.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ceesay |first=Hassoum |date=2014-05-31 |title=Jawara, Hannah Augusta Darling |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.50395 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref> == Emirimu == Omusawo w'e Gambia === Eby'okuzannya === * ''The African King'', produced 1966. * ''Rebellion'', 1968<ref name=":3" /> === Ebirala === * "The Gambia Women's Federation", ''Women Today'', Vol. 6, No. 4 (1965), pp.&#x20;79–81. == Ebyogerwako == 15u7oxdirg3k7rgiyfd8gb9he769mib 75733 75732 2026-09-30T19:32:29Z MEvalyn 9841 75733 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hannah Augusta Darling Jawara''' (eyazaalibwa nga Mahoney; May 1924 – 21 January 1981), yali omusawo, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo n’omulwanirizi w’eddembe ly’abakyala mu [[Gambia]]. Yali mukyala we asooka (okuva 1955 okutuuka 1967) wa Sir Dawda Jawara, Pulezidenti wa Gambia.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Marshall |first=Bill |date=2026-01-06 |title=Asana |url=https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.37730315 |publisher=Afram Publications (Ghana) |isbn=978-9964-70-542-8}}</ref> == Obulamu == Hannah Augusta Darling Mahoney yazaalibwa mu maka amakulu ag’Abakristaayo Aku Creole. Yali muwala wa Sir John Mahoney, eyali Ssaabawandiisi w’Olukiiko lw’Amateeka mu Gambia, ne mukyala we Hannah. Mwannyina wa Augusta yali Louise N’Jie.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Perfect |first=David |date=2023-04-13 |title=Jawara, Sir Dawda Kairaba (1924–2019), first prime minister and president of The Gambia |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.90000380882 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-861412-8}}</ref> Yasoma ku Mohammedan High School, gyeyasooka okusisinkana omwami we ow’omu maaso, (eyali pulezidenti) Dawda Jawara,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchuria Daily News, Issue dated 1931-04-21 |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/36722_mdnc_1931_19310421 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Manchuria Daily News Online}}</ref> nga tannatandika okusoma obusawo mu Edinburgh, Scotland.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |date=2021-04-13 |title=Reception Soiree to Mr. Frederick Douglass |url=https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474460415.003.0018 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-1-4744-6041-5 |editor-last=Murray |editor-first=Hannah-Rose |pages=203–205 |editor-last2=McKivigan |editor-first2=John R.}}</ref> Mu February 1955, yawasa Dawda Jawara.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hughes |first=Arnold |date=2008 |title=Historical dictionary of The Gambia |last2=Perfect |first2=David |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-5825-1 |edition=4th ed |series=Historical dictionaries of Africa |location=Lanham, Md}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Hughes |first=Arnold |date=2008 |title=Historical dictionary of The Gambia |last2=Perfect |first2=David |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-5825-1 |edition=4th ed |series=Historical dictionaries of Africa |location=Lanham, Md}}</ref>Omwana waabwe asooka yazaalibwa mu Edinburgh, gyeyali omwami we yali azzeeyo okusoma.<ref name=":1" /> Mu 1960, yeesimbawo mu kulonda kwa House of Representatives mu kulonda kwa 1960, ng’alwanira mu Soldier Town e Bathurst naye n’alemwa ku lwa kibiina kya bba, PPP. Bwe kityo, yafuuka omukazi asooka okwesimbawo mu kulonda kwa Gambian national election.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hughes |first=Arnold |date=2008 |title=Historical dictionary of The Gambia |last2=Perfect |first2=David |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6260-9 |edition=4. ed |series=Historical dictionaries of Africa |location=Lanham, Md.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hughes |first=Arnold |date=2008 |title=Historical dictionary of The Gambia |last2=Perfect |first2=David |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6260-9 |edition=4. ed |series=Historical dictionaries of Africa |location=Lanham, Md. |page=244}}</ref> Mu 1962, yatandikawo Women's Contemporary Society.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2020 |title=JAWARA, AUGUSTA (May 26, 1924–January 21, 1981) |url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9798881829353-0129 |journal=Women’s Art of the British Empire |pages=67–68 |doi=10.5040/9798881829353-0129}}</ref> Omuzannyo gwe, The African King, gwakolebwa ku Negro Arts Festival e Dakar mu 1966. Mu 1967, ye ne Dawda Jawara baawukana, era n’addamu okudda mu Busiraamu.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Perfect |first=David |date=2011-12-08 |title=Jawara, Dawda Kairaba |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.49031 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Baum |first=Robert |date=2005-04-07 |title=Jawara, Sir Dawda Kairaba |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.41867 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref> Mu 1968, yafulumya Rebellion - “obulabika nga kye kitabo ekisooka ekiraga obuvumu bw’abakyala n’okulwanirira abaana abawala mu byafaayo by’ebyawandiiko e Gambia.”<ref name=":2" /> Rebellion yaafulumizibwa nga yeeyita erinnya eddala, era yali muzannyo ku Nyasta, omuwala omuvubuka mu kyalo ky’omu byalo eyalwanirira okugenda mu maaso n’okusoma kwe mu kifo ky’okufumbirwa mu ngeri etategekeddwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sable Litmag |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/1872-9037_afco_asc_776 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=African Studies Companion Online}}</ref> Mu kiseera we yaafulumizibwa, yali Pulezidenti wa Gambia Women's Federation,<ref name=":2" /> gye yayamba okutandikawo okuva mu bibiina by’abakyala mu Greater Banjul Area.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rich |first=Jeremy |date=2011-12-08 |title=N’jie-Saidy, Isatou |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.49637 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref> == Okufa == Augusta Jawara yafiira mu London nga 21 Janwali 1981, nga wa myaka 56.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ceesay |first=Hassoum |date=2014-05-31 |title=Jawara, Hannah Augusta Darling |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.50395 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref> == Emirimu == Omusawo w'e Gambia === Eby'okuzannya === * ''The African King'', produced 1966. * ''Rebellion'', 1968<ref name=":3" /> === Ebirala === * "The Gambia Women's Federation", ''Women Today'', Vol. 6, No. 4 (1965), pp.&#x20;79–81. == Ebyogerwako == owuomv8kxvmoyf6tb85i8wdmpjjpby6 75734 75733 2026-09-30T19:33:44Z MEvalyn 9841 75734 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hannah Augusta Darling Jawara''' (eyazaalibwa nga Mahoney; May 1924 – 21 January 1981), yali omusawo, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo n’omulwanirizi w’eddembe ly’abakyala mu [[Gambia]]. Yali mukyala we asooka (okuva 1955 okutuuka 1967) wa Sir Dawda Jawara, Pulezidenti wa Gambia.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Marshall |first=Bill |date=2026-01-06 |title=Asana |url=https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.37730315 |publisher=Afram Publications (Ghana) |isbn=978-9964-70-542-8}}</ref> == Obulamu == Hannah Augusta Darling Mahoney yazaalibwa mu maka amakulu ag’Abakristaayo Aku Creole. Yali muwala wa Sir John Mahoney, eyali Ssaabawandiisi w’Olukiiko lw’Amateeka mu Gambia, ne mukyala we Hannah. Mwannyina wa Augusta yali Louise N’Jie.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Perfect |first=David |date=2023-04-13 |title=Jawara, Sir Dawda Kairaba (1924–2019), first prime minister and president of The Gambia |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.90000380882 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-861412-8}}</ref> Yasoma ku Mohammedan High School, gyeyasooka okusisinkana omwami we ow’omu maaso, (eyali pulezidenti) Dawda Jawara,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchuria Daily News, Issue dated 1931-04-21 |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/36722_mdnc_1931_19310421 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Manchuria Daily News Online}}</ref> nga tannatandika okusoma obusawo mu Edinburgh, Scotland.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |date=2021-04-13 |title=Reception Soiree to Mr. Frederick Douglass |url=https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474460415.003.0018 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-1-4744-6041-5 |editor-last=Murray |editor-first=Hannah-Rose |pages=203–205 |editor-last2=McKivigan |editor-first2=John R.}}</ref> Mu February 1955, yawasa Dawda Jawara.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hughes |first=Arnold |date=2008 |title=Historical dictionary of The Gambia |last2=Perfect |first2=David |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-5825-1 |edition=4th ed |series=Historical dictionaries of Africa |location=Lanham, Md|page=113}}</ref> Omwana waabwe asooka yazaalibwa mu Edinburgh, gyeyali omwami we yali azzeeyo okusoma.<ref name=":1" /> Mu 1960, yeesimbawo mu kulonda kwa House of Representatives mu kulonda kwa 1960, ng’alwanira mu Soldier Town e Bathurst naye n’alemwa ku lwa kibiina kya bba, PPP. Bwe kityo, yafuuka omukazi asooka okwesimbawo mu kulonda kwa Gambian national election.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hughes |first=Arnold |date=2008 |title=Historical dictionary of The Gambia |last2=Perfect |first2=David |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6260-9 |edition=4. ed |series=Historical dictionaries of Africa |location=Lanham, Md. |page=244}}</ref> Mu 1962, yatandikawo Women's Contemporary Society.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2020 |title=JAWARA, AUGUSTA (May 26, 1924–January 21, 1981) |url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9798881829353-0129 |journal=Women’s Art of the British Empire |pages=67–68 |doi=10.5040/9798881829353-0129}}</ref> Omuzannyo gwe, The African King, gwakolebwa ku Negro Arts Festival e Dakar mu 1966. Mu 1967, ye ne Dawda Jawara baawukana, era n’addamu okudda mu Busiraamu.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Perfect |first=David |date=2011-12-08 |title=Jawara, Dawda Kairaba |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.49031 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Baum |first=Robert |date=2005-04-07 |title=Jawara, Sir Dawda Kairaba |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.41867 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref> Mu 1968, yafulumya Rebellion - “obulabika nga kye kitabo ekisooka ekiraga obuvumu bw’abakyala n’okulwanirira abaana abawala mu byafaayo by’ebyawandiiko e Gambia.”<ref name=":2" /> Rebellion yaafulumizibwa nga yeeyita erinnya eddala, era yali muzannyo ku Nyasta, omuwala omuvubuka mu kyalo ky’omu byalo eyalwanirira okugenda mu maaso n’okusoma kwe mu kifo ky’okufumbirwa mu ngeri etategekeddwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sable Litmag |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/1872-9037_afco_asc_776 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=African Studies Companion Online}}</ref> Mu kiseera we yaafulumizibwa, yali Pulezidenti wa Gambia Women's Federation,<ref name=":2" /> gye yayamba okutandikawo okuva mu bibiina by’abakyala mu Greater Banjul Area.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rich |first=Jeremy |date=2011-12-08 |title=N’jie-Saidy, Isatou |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.49637 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref> == Okufa == Augusta Jawara yafiira mu London nga 21 Janwali 1981, nga wa myaka 56.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ceesay |first=Hassoum |date=2014-05-31 |title=Jawara, Hannah Augusta Darling |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.50395 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref> == Emirimu == Omusawo w'e Gambia === Eby'okuzannya === * ''The African King'', produced 1966. * ''Rebellion'', 1968<ref name=":3" /> === Ebirala === * "The Gambia Women's Federation", ''Women Today'', Vol. 6, No. 4 (1965), pp.&#x20;79–81. == Ebyogerwako == cg53rda383pypceggum38n9jr99pla3 75735 75734 2026-09-30T19:36:39Z MEvalyn 9841 Added infobox 75735 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q765696}} '''Hannah Augusta Darling Jawara''' (eyazaalibwa nga Mahoney; May 1924 – 21 January 1981), yali omusawo, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo n’omulwanirizi w’eddembe ly’abakyala mu [[Gambia]]. Yali mukyala we asooka (okuva 1955 okutuuka 1967) wa Sir Dawda Jawara, Pulezidenti wa Gambia.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Marshall |first=Bill |date=2026-01-06 |title=Asana |url=https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.37730315 |publisher=Afram Publications (Ghana) |isbn=978-9964-70-542-8}}</ref> == Obulamu == Hannah Augusta Darling Mahoney yazaalibwa mu maka amakulu ag’Abakristaayo Aku Creole. Yali muwala wa Sir John Mahoney, eyali Ssaabawandiisi w’Olukiiko lw’Amateeka mu Gambia, ne mukyala we Hannah. Mwannyina wa Augusta yali Louise N’Jie.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Perfect |first=David |date=2023-04-13 |title=Jawara, Sir Dawda Kairaba (1924–2019), first prime minister and president of The Gambia |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.90000380882 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-861412-8}}</ref> Yasoma ku Mohammedan High School, gyeyasooka okusisinkana omwami we ow’omu maaso, (eyali pulezidenti) Dawda Jawara,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchuria Daily News, Issue dated 1931-04-21 |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/36722_mdnc_1931_19310421 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Manchuria Daily News Online}}</ref> nga tannatandika okusoma obusawo mu Edinburgh, Scotland.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |date=2021-04-13 |title=Reception Soiree to Mr. Frederick Douglass |url=https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474460415.003.0018 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-1-4744-6041-5 |editor-last=Murray |editor-first=Hannah-Rose |pages=203–205 |editor-last2=McKivigan |editor-first2=John R.}}</ref> Mu February 1955, yawasa Dawda Jawara.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hughes |first=Arnold |date=2008 |title=Historical dictionary of The Gambia |last2=Perfect |first2=David |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-5825-1 |edition=4th ed |series=Historical dictionaries of Africa |location=Lanham, Md|page=113}}</ref> Omwana waabwe asooka yazaalibwa mu Edinburgh, gyeyali omwami we yali azzeeyo okusoma.<ref name=":1" /> Mu 1960, yeesimbawo mu kulonda kwa House of Representatives mu kulonda kwa 1960, ng’alwanira mu Soldier Town e Bathurst naye n’alemwa ku lwa kibiina kya bba, PPP. Bwe kityo, yafuuka omukazi asooka okwesimbawo mu kulonda kwa Gambian national election.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hughes |first=Arnold |date=2008 |title=Historical dictionary of The Gambia |last2=Perfect |first2=David |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6260-9 |edition=4. ed |series=Historical dictionaries of Africa |location=Lanham, Md. |page=244}}</ref> Mu 1962, yatandikawo Women's Contemporary Society.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2020 |title=JAWARA, AUGUSTA (May 26, 1924–January 21, 1981) |url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9798881829353-0129 |journal=Women’s Art of the British Empire |pages=67–68 |doi=10.5040/9798881829353-0129}}</ref> Omuzannyo gwe, The African King, gwakolebwa ku Negro Arts Festival e Dakar mu 1966. Mu 1967, ye ne Dawda Jawara baawukana, era n’addamu okudda mu Busiraamu.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Perfect |first=David |date=2011-12-08 |title=Jawara, Dawda Kairaba |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.49031 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Baum |first=Robert |date=2005-04-07 |title=Jawara, Sir Dawda Kairaba |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.41867 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref> Mu 1968, yafulumya Rebellion - “obulabika nga kye kitabo ekisooka ekiraga obuvumu bw’abakyala n’okulwanirira abaana abawala mu byafaayo by’ebyawandiiko e Gambia.”<ref name=":2" /> Rebellion yaafulumizibwa nga yeeyita erinnya eddala, era yali muzannyo ku Nyasta, omuwala omuvubuka mu kyalo ky’omu byalo eyalwanirira okugenda mu maaso n’okusoma kwe mu kifo ky’okufumbirwa mu ngeri etategekeddwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sable Litmag |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/1872-9037_afco_asc_776 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=African Studies Companion Online}}</ref> Mu kiseera we yaafulumizibwa, yali Pulezidenti wa Gambia Women's Federation,<ref name=":2" /> gye yayamba okutandikawo okuva mu bibiina by’abakyala mu Greater Banjul Area.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rich |first=Jeremy |date=2011-12-08 |title=N’jie-Saidy, Isatou |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.49637 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref> == Okufa == Augusta Jawara yafiira mu London nga 21 Janwali 1981, nga wa myaka 56.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ceesay |first=Hassoum |date=2014-05-31 |title=Jawara, Hannah Augusta Darling |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.50395 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref> == Emirimu == Omusawo w'e Gambia === Eby'okuzannya === * ''The African King'', produced 1966. * ''Rebellion'', 1968<ref name=":3" /> === Ebirala === * "The Gambia Women's Federation", ''Women Today'', Vol. 6, No. 4 (1965), pp.&#x20;79–81. == Ebyogerwako == 7gl7lmylavx2rfl56mft4o0kxcg5fa7 75736 75735 2026-09-30T20:36:02Z MEvalyn 9841 75736 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q765696}} '''Hannah Augusta Darling Jawara''' (eyazaalibwa nga Mahoney; May 1924 – 21 January 1981), yali omusawo, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo n’omulwanirizi w’eddembe ly’abakyala mu [[Gambia]]. Yali mukyala we asooka (okuva 1955 okutuuka 1967) wa Sir Dawda Jawara, Pulezidenti wa [[Gambia|Gambi]]<nowiki/>a.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Marshall |first=Bill |date=2026-01-06 |title=Asana |url=https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.37730315 |publisher=Afram Publications (Ghana) |isbn=978-9964-70-542-8}}</ref> == Obulamu == Hannah Augusta Darling Mahoney yazaalibwa mu maka amakulu ag’Abakristaayo Aku Creole. Yali muwala wa Sir John Mahoney, eyali Ssaabawandiisi w’Olukiiko lw’Amateeka mu Gambia, ne mukyala we Hannah. Mwannyina wa Augusta yali Louise N’Jie.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Perfect |first=David |date=2023-04-13 |title=Jawara, Sir Dawda Kairaba (1924–2019), first prime minister and president of The Gambia |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.90000380882 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-861412-8}}</ref> Yasoma ku Mohammedan High School, gyeyasooka okusisinkana omwami we ow’omu maaso, (eyali pulezidenti) Dawda Jawara,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchuria Daily News, Issue dated 1931-04-21 |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/36722_mdnc_1931_19310421 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Manchuria Daily News Online}}</ref> nga tannatandika okusoma obusawo mu Edinburgh, Scotland.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |date=2021-04-13 |title=Reception Soiree to Mr. Frederick Douglass |url=https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474460415.003.0018 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-1-4744-6041-5 |editor-last=Murray |editor-first=Hannah-Rose |pages=203–205 |editor-last2=McKivigan |editor-first2=John R.}}</ref> Mu February 1955, yawasa Dawda Jawara.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hughes |first=Arnold |date=2008 |title=Historical dictionary of The Gambia |last2=Perfect |first2=David |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-5825-1 |edition=4th ed |series=Historical dictionaries of Africa |location=Lanham, Md|page=113}}</ref> Omwana waabwe asooka yazaalibwa mu Edinburgh, gyeyali omwami we yali azzeeyo okusoma.<ref name=":1" /> Mu 1960, yeesimbawo mu kulonda kwa House of Representatives mu kulonda kwa 1960, ng’alwanira mu Soldier Town e Bathurst naye n’alemwa ku lwa kibiina kya bba, PPP. Bwe kityo, yafuuka omukazi asooka okwesimbawo mu kulonda kwa Gambian national election.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hughes |first=Arnold |date=2008 |title=Historical dictionary of The Gambia |last2=Perfect |first2=David |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6260-9 |edition=4. ed |series=Historical dictionaries of Africa |location=Lanham, Md. |page=244}}</ref> Mu 1962, yatandikawo Women's Contemporary Society.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2020 |title=JAWARA, AUGUSTA (May 26, 1924–January 21, 1981) |url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9798881829353-0129 |journal=Women’s Art of the British Empire |pages=67–68 |doi=10.5040/9798881829353-0129}}</ref> Omuzannyo gwe, The African King, gwakolebwa ku Negro Arts Festival e Dakar mu 1966. Mu 1967, ye ne Dawda Jawara baawukana, era n’addamu okudda mu Busiraamu.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Perfect |first=David |date=2011-12-08 |title=Jawara, Dawda Kairaba |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.49031 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Baum |first=Robert |date=2005-04-07 |title=Jawara, Sir Dawda Kairaba |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.41867 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref> Mu 1968, yafulumya Rebellion - “obulabika nga kye kitabo ekisooka ekiraga obuvumu bw’abakyala n’okulwanirira abaana abawala mu byafaayo by’ebyawandiiko e Gambia.”<ref name=":2" /> Rebellion yaafulumizibwa nga yeeyita erinnya eddala, era yali muzannyo ku Nyasta, omuwala omuvubuka mu kyalo ky’omu byalo eyalwanirira okugenda mu maaso n’okusoma kwe mu kifo ky’okufumbirwa mu ngeri etategekeddwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sable Litmag |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/1872-9037_afco_asc_776 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=African Studies Companion Online}}</ref> Mu kiseera we yaafulumizibwa, yali Pulezidenti wa Gambia Women's Federation,<ref name=":2" /> gye yayamba okutandikawo okuva mu bibiina by’abakyala mu Greater Banjul Area.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rich |first=Jeremy |date=2011-12-08 |title=N’jie-Saidy, Isatou |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.49637 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref> == Okufa == Augusta Jawara yafiira mu London nga 21 Janwali 1981, nga wa myaka 56.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ceesay |first=Hassoum |date=2014-05-31 |title=Jawara, Hannah Augusta Darling |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.50395 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref> == Emirimu == Omusawo w'e Gambia === Eby'okuzannya === * ''The African King'', produced 1966. * ''Rebellion'', 1968<ref name=":3" /> === Ebirala === * "The Gambia Women's Federation", ''Women Today'', Vol. 6, No. 4 (1965), pp.&#x20;79–81. == Ebyogerwako == dgzt1un0per0q8lg6nucgki5c0af12k 75737 75736 2026-09-30T20:36:21Z MEvalyn 9841 75737 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q765696}} '''Hannah Augusta Darling Jawara''' (eyazaalibwa nga Mahoney; May 1924 – 21 January 1981), yali omusawo, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo n’omulwanirizi w’eddembe ly’abakyala mu [[Gambia]]. Yali mukyala we asooka (okuva 1955 okutuuka 1967) wa Sir Dawda Jawara, Pulezidenti wa [[Gambia|Gambi]]<nowiki/>a.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Marshall |first=Bill |date=2026-01-06 |title=Asana |url=https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.37730315 |publisher=Afram Publications (Ghana) |isbn=978-9964-70-542-8}}</ref> == Obulamu == Hannah Augusta Darling Mahoney yazaalibwa mu maka amakulu ag’Abakristaayo Aku Creole. Yali muwala wa Sir John Mahoney, eyali Ssaabawandiisi w’Olukiiko lw’Amateeka mu Gambia, ne mukyala we Hannah. Mwannyina wa Augusta yali Louise N’Jie.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Perfect |first=David |date=2023-04-13 |title=Jawara, Sir Dawda Kairaba (1924–2019), first prime minister and president of The Gambia |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.90000380882 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-861412-8}}</ref> Yasoma ku Mohammedan High School, gyeyasooka okusisinkana omwami we ow’omu maaso, (eyali pulezidenti) Dawda Jawara,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manchuria Daily News, Issue dated 1931-04-21 |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/36722_mdnc_1931_19310421 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Manchuria Daily News Online}}</ref> nga tannatandika okusoma obusawo mu Edinburgh, [[Scotland County, Missouri|Scotland]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |date=2021-04-13 |title=Reception Soiree to Mr. Frederick Douglass |url=https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474460415.003.0018 |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-1-4744-6041-5 |editor-last=Murray |editor-first=Hannah-Rose |pages=203–205 |editor-last2=McKivigan |editor-first2=John R.}}</ref> Mu February 1955, yawasa Dawda Jawara.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hughes |first=Arnold |date=2008 |title=Historical dictionary of The Gambia |last2=Perfect |first2=David |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-5825-1 |edition=4th ed |series=Historical dictionaries of Africa |location=Lanham, Md|page=113}}</ref> Omwana waabwe asooka yazaalibwa mu Edinburgh, gyeyali omwami we yali azzeeyo okusoma.<ref name=":1" /> Mu 1960, yeesimbawo mu kulonda kwa House of Representatives mu kulonda kwa 1960, ng’alwanira mu Soldier Town e Bathurst naye n’alemwa ku lwa kibiina kya bba, PPP. Bwe kityo, yafuuka omukazi asooka okwesimbawo mu kulonda kwa Gambian national election.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hughes |first=Arnold |date=2008 |title=Historical dictionary of The Gambia |last2=Perfect |first2=David |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-6260-9 |edition=4. ed |series=Historical dictionaries of Africa |location=Lanham, Md. |page=244}}</ref> Mu 1962, yatandikawo Women's Contemporary Society.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2020 |title=JAWARA, AUGUSTA (May 26, 1924–January 21, 1981) |url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9798881829353-0129 |journal=Women’s Art of the British Empire |pages=67–68 |doi=10.5040/9798881829353-0129}}</ref> Omuzannyo gwe, The African King, gwakolebwa ku Negro Arts Festival e Dakar mu 1966. Mu 1967, ye ne Dawda Jawara baawukana, era n’addamu okudda mu Busiraamu.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Perfect |first=David |date=2011-12-08 |title=Jawara, Dawda Kairaba |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.49031 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Baum |first=Robert |date=2005-04-07 |title=Jawara, Sir Dawda Kairaba |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.41867 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref> Mu 1968, yafulumya Rebellion - “obulabika nga kye kitabo ekisooka ekiraga obuvumu bw’abakyala n’okulwanirira abaana abawala mu byafaayo by’ebyawandiiko e Gambia.”<ref name=":2" /> Rebellion yaafulumizibwa nga yeeyita erinnya eddala, era yali muzannyo ku Nyasta, omuwala omuvubuka mu kyalo ky’omu byalo eyalwanirira okugenda mu maaso n’okusoma kwe mu kifo ky’okufumbirwa mu ngeri etategekeddwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sable Litmag |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/1872-9037_afco_asc_776 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=African Studies Companion Online}}</ref> Mu kiseera we yaafulumizibwa, yali Pulezidenti wa Gambia Women's Federation,<ref name=":2" /> gye yayamba okutandikawo okuva mu bibiina by’abakyala mu Greater Banjul Area.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rich |first=Jeremy |date=2011-12-08 |title=N’jie-Saidy, Isatou |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.49637 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref> == Okufa == Augusta Jawara yafiira mu London nga 21 Janwali 1981, nga wa myaka 56.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ceesay |first=Hassoum |date=2014-05-31 |title=Jawara, Hannah Augusta Darling |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.50395 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-530173-1}}</ref> == Emirimu == Omusawo w'e Gambia === Eby'okuzannya === * ''The African King'', produced 1966. * ''Rebellion'', 1968<ref name=":3" /> === Ebirala === * "The Gambia Women's Federation", ''Women Today'', Vol. 6, No. 4 (1965), pp.&#x20;79–81. == Ebyogerwako == l0ilv03p3svmnjw6emlzmrb83fxc1bl 0 15995 75802 75638 2026-10-01T05:05:58Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75802 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Julie Owono''' yazaalibwa Cameroon mu 1986 kyokka n’akulira mu Russia. ounnamateeka omukyala omufaransa ne Cameroon nga kw’otadde n’okunoonyereza ku by’ensoma, era ennimi nnyingi aweereza nga dayirekita omukulu owa internet without borders(IWB) okuva mu mwaka gwa 2023<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-05-06 |title=Facebook names 20 people to its 'Supreme Court' for content moderation |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/facebook-names-20-people-its-supreme-court-content-moderation-n1201181 |access-date=2026-09-29 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Culliford |first=Elizabeth |date=2020-06-02 |title=Factbox: Who are the first members of Facebook's oversight board? |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/technology/factbox-who-are-the-first-members-of-facebooks-oversight-board-idUSKBN22I2MZ/ |access-date=2026-09-29 |work=Reuters |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=6EvQp2310oHv4Pumk5UwQfv6k7r5Yq |date=2023-07-04 |title=Cambodia bans 22 members of the Board of Directors of Meta Platforms. Inc from entering country |url=https://www.khmertimeskh.com/501318760/cambodia-bans-22-members-of-the-board-of-directors-of-meta-platforms-inc-from-entering-country/ |access-date=2026-09-29 |language=en-US}}</ref>, era nga mmemba asoose ku lukiiko lwa facebook olwetongodde olulondoola emirimu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Career Julie Owono “French-speaking Africa is the area where there are the most needs concerning freedom of speech” – ANA |url=https://www.africanewsagency.fr/parcours-julie-owono-lafrique-francophone-est-la-zone-ou-il-y-a-le-plus-de-besoins-concernant-la-liberte-dexpression/?lang=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126231038/https://www.africanewsagency.fr/parcours-julie-owono-lafrique-francophone-est-la-zone-ou-il-y-a-le-plus-de-besoins-concernant-la-liberte-dexpression/?lang=en |archive-date=2022-01-26 |access-date=2026-09-29 |website=www.africanewsagency.fr |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Announcing the First Members of the Oversight Board {{!}} Oversight Board |url=https://www.oversightboard.com/news/announcing-the-first-members-of-the-oversight-board/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123052204/https://www.oversightboard.com/news/announcing-the-first-members-of-the-oversight-board/ |archive-date=2021-01-23 |access-date=2026-09-29 |website=www.oversightboard.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2025 |title=Julie Owono: Affiliate |url=https://cyber.harvard.edu/people/julie-owono |website=Berkman Klein Center}}</ref> alina akakwate n’ebifo ebikulembedde mu by’ensoma ku nkulungo ya bizinensi, eddembe ly’obuntu, n’obugezi obukozesebwa. == Obulamu obuto n’ebyenjigiriza == Owono yazaalibwa Cameroon naye n’akula mu Russia ne Bufalansa, ne n’okumufuula okubeera amanyi ennimi nnyingi, okwogera obulungi ennimi ttaano ez’enjawulo omuli Olurussia n’Oluewondo, olulimi lwe oluzaaliranwa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sonnemaker |first=Tyler |date=2020-09-26 |title=As Facebook prepares to outsource tough content decisions to its new 'Supreme Court,' experts warn it still operates within a dictatorship and can't legislate a better government |url=https://africa.businessinsider.com/politics/as-facebook-prepares-to-outsource-tough-content-decisions-to-its-new-supreme-court/21mt4nt |access-date=2026-09-29 |website=Business Insider Africa |language=en}}</ref>yafuna diguli eyookubiri okuva mu yunivasite ya La Sorboonne yunivasite e Paris mu Bufalansa mu mateeka g’ensi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Owono |first=Julie |title=Julie Owono on about.me |url=https://about.me/julieowono |access-date=2026-09-29 |website=about.me |language=en}}</ref> yakola nga blogger w’amaloboozi g’ensi yonna era omuwandiisi w’endowooza mu Al-Jazeera, ng’akola ku byobufuzi bya Gulf of Guinea . okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2020 yakola ng’omukenkufu n’omukomentinga w’amawulire g’ensi yonna ku pulogulaamu nnyingi mu Lufalansa n’Olungereza ku France 24 nga eno ye mpewo y’ensi yonna ey’olukale.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Julie Owono · Contributor profile · Global Voices |url=https://globalvoices.org/author/julie-owono/ |access-date=2026-09-29 |website=Global Voices |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Julie Owono |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/author/julie_owono_2011112312305930352 |access-date=2026-09-29 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref> == Intaneeti Nga Tolina Nsalo == Mu makkati g'emyaka gya 2010, Owono yali mujjumbize mu Internet Sans Frontieres, "ekibiina ekitali kya magoba e Paris ekyali kiwagira eddembe ly'okwogera ku yintaneeti", <ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Adeoye |first=Aanu |date=2019-04-24 |title=The country where the internet has been shutdown for one year {{!}} CNN |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/04/24/africa/chad-internet-shutdown-intl/index.html |access-date=2026-09-29 |work=CNN |language=en}}</ref>n'afuuka akulira emmeeza yaakyo eya Afrika.<ref name=":1" /> mu kifo ekyo, yasiima okukula kw'okukula kwa yintaneeti mu mawanga ga Afrika, kyokka n'alabula nti gavumenti zaabwe zirina okwewala okusengejja yintaneeti, n'agamba nti "[a] gavumenti teyinza kugamba nti eyagala kuyingira mu bujjuvu mu by'enfuna bya digito n'okuyisa ebintu ebikulu eby'ebyenfuna ebyo mu ngeri gye tulabye okutuusa kati".<ref name=":1" /> Mu 2018 ne 2019, ye yafuba okussa akazito ku gavumenti ya [[Chad]] okuzzaawo yintaneeti eyabadde esaliddwako ebitundu by’eggwanga ebimu. Owono yalaze nti okuziyiza kuno kwabaddewo "kubanga obutambi bw'okulwanagana okw'amaanyi mu kika ky'e Zaghawa mu bukiikakkono bwa Chad bwali bugabibwa ku WhatsApp".<ref name=":1" />Owono yafuba okusendasenda bannamagye g’amawanga g’obugwanjuba abakolagana nabo okussa akazito ku gavumenti ya Chad okuzzaawo enkola eno kyokka n’aggwaamu essuubi olw’engeri gye yazzeemu. Owono era yalabirira omukolo gw’okusonda ssente okugula bannamawulire n’abalwanirizi b’eddembe ly’obuntu VPN ey’omutindo ogwa waggulu, ogwasonda €2,000 ($2250).<ref name=":1" /> Mu 2020, Owono yali omu ku bantu 20 ssekinnoomu okuva mu nsi yonna abaalondebwa amannya mu lukiiko lwa Facebook Oversight Board, ekibiina ekyatandikibwawo okusalawo ebiddirira mu kusooka ku nsonga z’okutereeza ebirimu ku mikutu gya Facebook ne Instagram.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shead |first=Jessica Bursztynsky,Sam |date=2020-05-06 |title=These are the people Facebook put in charge of deciding whether to delete controversial posts |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/06/facebook-names-first-members-of-oversight-board-for-content-moderation.html |access-date=2026-09-29 |website=CNBC |language=en}}</ref> == Olukiiko olulondoola emirimu gya META == Julie Owono abadde mmemba asoose ku lukiiko olulondoola emirimu gya Meta Oversight Board okuva lwe lwatandikibwawo mu 2020. Mu kifo kino, ayamba ku mulimu gwa Board ogw’okwekenneenya n’okusalawo okusiba ku misango egy’okutereeza ebirimu ebizibu mu mikutu gya Meta gyonna, omuli Facebook ne Instagram. Omulimu gwa Owono guggumiza obukulu bw’okukuuma eddembe ly’okwogera ate nga tukola ku bintu eby’obulabe. Okusukka obuvunaanyizibwa bwe obw’okusalawo, Owono yeenyigira nnyo mu mboozi z’olukale ku nfuga y’ebirimu. Yetaba mu mikolo egy'enjawulo n'okukubaganya ebirowoozo, omuli okulabika ku podcast nga "Wonks and War Rooms", <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dubois |first=Elizabeth |date=2023-03-08 |title=Meta Oversight Board with Julie Owono |url=https://www.polcommtech.com/post/meta-oversight-board-with-julie-owono |access-date=2025-05-09 |website=PolCommTech.ca |language=en}}</ref> gye yanyonyola ku nkola z'olukiiko olulondoola n'okusoomoozebwa kw'okutereeza ebirimu. Okutegeera kwe kuyamba mu mboozi empanvu ku bwerufu, obuvunaanyizibwa, n’obuvunaanyizibwa obukyukakyuka obw’emikutu gy’empuliziganya mu kuddukanya okwogera ku yintaneeti. == Enkolagana n’okunoonyereza == Julie Owono yeenyigira nnyo mu kutumbula ensengekera ya bizinensi, eddembe ly’obuntu, n’obugezi obukozesebwa ng’ayita mu nkolagana ye n’ebitongole by’ebyenjigiriza n’okunoonyereza ebiwerako. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Owono |first=Julie |last2=Lenard |first2=Thomas M. |last3=Wallsten |first3=Scott |date=2025-05-12 |title=Julie Owono on the Importance of Establishing a Democratic Agenda for Content Governance - Publications |url=https://techpolicyinstitute.org/publications/content-moderation/julie-owono-on-the-importance-of-establishing-a-democratic-agenda-for-content-governance/ |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=The Technology Policy Institute |language=en-US}}</ref> Ye munoonyereza mu Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society mu Harvard University, gy’assa essira ku nfuga y’ebirimu, eddembe lya digito, n’empisa ezikwata ku tekinologiya agenda okuvaayo. Ku Berkeley Human Rights Center, ayongera okunoonyereza ku ngeri obugezi obukozesebwa gye bukwata ku bantu abasuuliddwa ku mabbali n’ebyenfuna bya digito mu nsi yonna. Emabegako, Owono yatandikawo <ref>{{Cite web |title=Program on Democracy and the Internet Launches New Content Policy & Society Lab (CPSL) |url=https://pacscenter.stanford.edu/news/pdi-project-launch/ |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=Stanford PACS |language=en-US}}</ref> Content Policy and Society Lab (CPSL) mu Stanford University, laboratory y’okunoonyereza <ref>{{Cite web |title=Articles about Content Policy & Society Lab - The Stanford Daily |url=https://stanforddaily.com/tag/content-policy-society-lab/ |access-date=2025-05-14 |language=en-US}}</ref> eyeewaddeyo okunoonyereza ku nkozesa y’enkola y’abakwatibwako abangi mu nfuga ya tekinologiya agenda okuvaayo (Stanford PACS). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fellow |first=Practitioner |last2=Lab |first2=Digital Civil Society |last3=PACS |first3=Stanford |title=Julie Owono |url=https://pacscenter.stanford.edu/person/julie-owono/ |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=Stanford PACS |language=en-US}}</ref> CPSL yayamba nnyo mu kwekenneenya engeri amaloboozi ag’enjawulo, omuli ebibiina by’obwannakyewa, abakola enkola, ne kkampuni za tekinologiya, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-13 |title=[INTERVIEW] "Exploring different options within Content Policy" with Julie Owono |url=https://www.sciencespo.fr/public/chaire-numerique/en/2022/05/13/interview-exploring-different-options-within-content-policy-with-julie-owono/ |access-date=2025-05-14 |language=en-US}}</ref> gye gayinza okukolagana okukola enkola z’enfuga ezirimu abantu bonna ku AI ne tekinologiya omulala ow’omulembe. Ng’oggyeeko eby’ensoma, Owono ye Dayirekita wa lukiiko omututumufu era mmemba w’olukiiko oluwabula ebibiina by’ensi yonna ebiwerako ebyewaddeyo eri eddembe lya digito, eddembe ly’okwogera, n’okukozesa AI mu mpisa. Ye mmemba ku lukiiko olufuzi olw’akakiiko akakuuma bannamawulire (CPJ), <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-12 |title=CPJ welcomes newsroom and human rights leaders to board of directors |url=https://cpj.org/2024/03/cpj-welcomes-newsroom-and-human-rights-leaders-to-board-of-directors/ |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=Committee to Protect Journalists |language=en-US}}</ref> Witness, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Julie Owono |url=https://www.witness.org/portfolio_page/julie-owono/ |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=WITNESS |language=en-US}}</ref> Meedan, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Core Values & Team |url=https://meedan.com/about-us/team |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=meedan.com |language=en}}</ref> ne Pulojekiti y’okwogera okw’akabi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Team |url=https://www.dangerousspeech.org/team |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=www.dangerousspeech.org |language=en}}</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, aweereza ku lukiiko oluwabula ku Latimer AI, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Latimer: AI for Everyone - Inclusive Language Model |url=https://www.latimer.ai |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=www.latimer.ai |language=en}}</ref> enteekateeka etunuulidde okutondawo enkola za AI ezirimu abantu bonna ezissa ekitiibwa mu ddembe ly’obuntu. Omulimu gwa Owono gulaga okwewaayo kwe okulwanirira enfuga ey’empisa mu mulembe gwa AI, okulaba nga tekinologiya agenda okuvaayo akolebwa era n’ateekebwa mu nkola mu ngeri ezikuuma omutindo gw’eddembe ly’obuntu mu nsi yonna <ref>{{Cite web |title=How the internet and ChatGPT will cause the rise or fall of our society with Julie Owono - The Executive Appeal with Alex D. Tremble |url=https://the-executive-appeal.captivate.fm/episode/93-how-the-internet-and-chatgpt-will-casuse-the-rise-or-fall-of-our-societywith-julie-owono |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=the-executive-appeal.captivate.fm |language=en}}</ref> ate nga guyingizaamu endowooza ez’enjawulo, ez’abakwatibwako abangi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Julie Owono |url=https://www.weforum.org/people/julie-owono/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502214826/https://www.weforum.org/people/julie-owono/ |archive-date=2025-05-02 |access-date=2025-05-14 |website=World Economic Forum |language=en}}</ref> == Engule & Ebitiibwa == Julie Owono abadde asiimibwa olw’emirimu gye egy’amaanyi mu by’obusuubuzi, eddembe lya Digital, enfuga ya yintaneeti, n’eddembe ly’obuntu. Wansi waliwo olukalala lw’engule n’ebitiibwa bye ebikulu: * '''2019-2021''' : Omukugu mu kukola emirimu, Digital Civil Society Lab, Stanford PACS, Yunivasite ya Stanford <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fellow |first=Practitioner |last2=Lab |first2=Digital Civil Society |last3=PACS |first3=Stanford |title=Julie Owono |url=https://pacscenter.stanford.edu/person/julie-owono/ |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=Stanford PACS |language=en-US}}</ref> * '''2019-2020''' : Munnaffe, Berkman Klein Center, Yunivasite ya Harvard <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Julie Owono {{!}} Berkman Klein Center |url=https://cyber.harvard.edu/people/julie-owono |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=cyber.harvard.edu |language=en}}</ref> * '''2020''' : Omu ku Bannayuganda 100 abasinga obuyinza, New African Magazine <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-03 |title=100 Most Influential Africans hector |url=https://100.newafricanmagazine.com/2020/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603104329/https://100.newafricanmagazine.com/2020/ |archive-date=3 June 2023 |access-date=2025-05-18}}</ref> * '''2021''' : Yawandiikibwa Nob Hill Gazette ow'e San Francisco ng'omu ku bakyala abasinga amaanyi <ref>{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Written by Jennifer Massoni Pardini {{!}} Photography by Spencer |date=2022-03-04 |title=Women In Power: Future/Female |url=https://www.nobhillgazette.com/people/profile/women-in-power-future-female/article_e8cef9f6-8f1b-551a-9cf4-8d336117463c.html |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=nobhillgazette.com |language=en}}</ref> * '''2022''' : Omuntu w'abasuubuzi ow'omwaka, ekibiina ky'abasuubuzi mu Bufalansa-Amerika ekya San Francisco <ref>{{Cite web |last=Labriet-Gross |first=Hélène |date=2022-05-24 |title=FABA : les gagnants de l'édition 2022 sont... |url=https://www.frenchmorning.com/faba-les-gagnants-de-ledition-2022-sont/?slug=628630-82306-9802a1&token=a600710f7f02ef6b4bcffb82a70858be678b7ca744f0e620063934c332aadbe9 |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=French Morning US |language=fr-FR}}</ref> * '''2022''' : Fellow, Enteekateeka ya Demokulasiya ne yintaneeti, Stanford PACS, Yunivasite ya Stanford <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fellow |last2=Democracy |first2=Program on |last3=Internet |first3=the |title=Julie Owono |url=https://pacscenter.stanford.edu/person/julie-owono-2/ |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=Stanford PACS |language=en-US}}</ref> * '''2024''' : Fellow, Ekitongole ky'Eddembe ly'Obuntu, Yunivasite y'e California, Berkeley <ref>{{Cite web |title=Julie Owono |url=https://humanrights.berkeley.edu/people/julie-owono/ |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=Berkeley Human Rights Center |language=en}}</ref> == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == {{Reflist}} == Enkolagana ez’ebweru == * {{Cite web |last=Stanford Engineering Staff |date=2021-03-16 |title=Julie Owono: How local voices will shape the global internet |url=https://engineering.stanford.edu/magazine/article/julie-owono-how-local-voices-will-shape-global-internet |access-date=2021-05-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503221516/https://engineering.stanford.edu/magazine/article/julie-owono-how-local-voices-will-shape-global-internet |archive-date=2021-05-03 |url-status=dead}} [[Category:Abantu Abalamu]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] [[Category:CS1 Lufalansa-language sources (fr)]] 4nc0rvn526mfwmpabacvyv5su95rfjo 0 15996 75807 75639 2026-10-01T05:49:06Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 75807 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|2|15|04|N|32|49|16|W}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Yunivasite ya Lira''' ( '''LU''' ) emu ku yunivasite za gavumenti mu Lira mu Uganda . Y’emu ku yunivasite za gavumenti ekkumi n’emu n’amatendekero agagaba diguli mu ggwanga. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Agnes Nantambi |date=14 September 2019 |title=MUBS, Lira University Sign MOU To Enhance Collaboration |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1507056/mubs-lira-university-sign-mou-enhance-collaboration |access-date=15 September 2019}}</ref> Yasooka kutandikibwawo mu 2009 ng’ettendekero erifuga [[Ssettendekero wa Gulu|Yunivasite y’e Gulu]] era n’efuna obwetwaze nga yunivasite ya gavumenti enzijuvu ng’eyita mu tteeka lya [[Paalamenti ya Uganda|Palamenti]] wansi w’etteeka erya Statutory Instrument 2015 No. 35 nga 16 July 2015 . Yunivasite ya Lira yatandikibwawo ng’essira erisinga kulissa ku ssaayansi w’ebyobulamu era nga y’etegeka eddwaliro ly’okusomesa yunivasite erisoose mu Uganda. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=About Lira University |url=https://lirauni.ac.ug/about-lira-university/ |access-date=21 November 2024 |website=Lira university |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250514023414/https://lirauni.ac.ug/about-lira-university/ |archive-date=14 May 2025 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ekifo == Ekibangirizi yunivasite kiri ku ttaka eriweza yiika nga 621 ( hectares 251.3 ), mu bukiika kkono bw’amaserengeta g’ekibuga wakati ekya Lira, ku 500 acres (202 ha) z’ettaka, kiromita 68.7 okuva e Kamdini. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Distance between Lira Post Office, Obote Avenue, Lira, Uganda and Lira University, Erute, Northern Region, Uganda |url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Lira+Post+Office,+Obote+Avenue,+Lira/Lira+University/@2.1738094,32.9156467,9.25z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x1770ba794bfa5f65:0x7a9648beab004933!2m2!1d32.8942772!2d2.2371671!1m5!1m1!1s0x1770bb92b7b8c36d:0xcc7e812a09d97f5a!2m2!1d32.8210473!2d2.2509766!3e0 |access-date=26 December 2020}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=About |url=https://lirauni.ac.ug/about/ |access-date=16 March 2026 |website=Lira university |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Lira/Kamdini/@2.2658003,32.2810643,88956m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m13!4m12!1m5!1m1!1s0x1770b09fcc01830f:0xddfcd30f83eb2797!2m2!1d32.8902699!2d2.2596365!1m5!1m1!1s0x177062f5727aeaa9:0xe5a23db07d2b8678!2m2!1d32.3320088!2d2.2458645?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDMxMS4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw== |access-date=16 March 2026 |website=Google Maps |language=en}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Yunivasite ya Lira yasooka kuggulwawo mu August wa 2012 ng’erina abayizi 100. Mu kiseera ekyo, ettendekero lino lyali ttendekero lya [[Ssettendekero wa Gulu|Yunivasite ya Gulu]] era nga limanyiddwa nga [[Gulu]] University Constituent College Lira mu 2009. <ref name="CCL">{{Cite web |date=October 2012 |title=Gulu University Constituent College Lira (GUCCL) |url=http://www.gu.ac.ug/l-campus |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329052623/http://gu.ac.ug/l-campus |archive-date=29 March 2014 |access-date=29 January 2016 |publisher=[[Gulu University]]}}</ref> <ref name=":0" /> Era kyayogerwako nga Lira University College. <ref>{{Cite web |last=John Otim |last2=Ekkehard Doehring |date=November 2013 |title=Pioneering a young University: one year on at Lira University College |url=http://nilejournal.net/education/pioneering-young-university-lira-university-college |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205095426/http://nilejournal.net/education/pioneering-young-university-lira-university-college |archive-date=5 February 2016 |website=Nilejournal.net}}</ref> Mu June 2015, minisitule y’ebyenjigiriza [[Uganda|mu Uganda]] yasitula ettendekero lino okutuuka ku ddaala lya yunivasite, okutandika n’omwaka gw’ebyenjigiriza 2016-2017 ogwatandika mu August 2016. <ref name="LKS">{{Cite web |last=Okello |first=Dickens |date=26 June 2015 |title=Lira, Kabale, Soroti now Public Universities |url=http://www.chimpreports.com/lira-kabale-soroti-now-public-universities |access-date=8 December 2017 |publisher=Chimpreports.com}}</ref> == Abaddukanya emirimu egy’amaanyi ku yunivasite ya lira == * [[Benjamin Josses Odoki|Benjamin Joses Odok]] nga Chancellor wa yunivasite ya Lira * Jasper Watson Ogwal‐Okeng ng’omumyuka wa Cansala wa yunivasite ya Lira * Judith Akello Abal nga amyuka omumyuka wa Cansala Lira university == Ebisenge by’okusulamu == Ebisenge bino bya bwannannyini. === Ekisulo === | '''Ebitabuddwa''' =<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> * Payoniya * Glorianta, omusajja omulala == Faculties ku yunivasite ya lira == We bwazibidde mu January 2016, Yunivasite ya Lira yakuuma ebitundu by’ebyenjigiriza bino wammanga: <ref name="auto" /> * Ekitongole kya kompyuta ne ssaayansi w'amawulire <ref>{{Cite web |title=FOICT |url=https://lirauni.ac.ug/foict/ |access-date=2026-03-21 |website=Lira university |language=en-US}}</ref> * Ekitongole kya ba nnamusa n'abazaalisa <ref>{{Cite web |title=FONM |url=https://lirauni.ac.ug/fonm/ |access-date=2026-03-21 |website=Lira university |language=en-US}}</ref> * Ekitongole ky'ebyobulamu <ref>{{Cite web |title=FOP |url=https://lirauni.ac.ug/fop/ |access-date=2026-03-21 |website=Lira university |language=en-US}}</ref> * Ekitongole kya Sayansi w'okuddukanya emirimu * Ekitongole ky'obusawo <ref>{{Cite web |title=FOM |url=https://lirauni.ac.ug/fom/ |access-date=2026-03-21 |website=Lira university |language=en-US}}</ref> * Ekitongole ky'ebyenjigiriza <ref>{{Cite web |title=FOE |url=https://lirauni.ac.ug/foe/ |access-date=2026-03-21 |website=Lira university |language=en-US}}</ref> == Pulogulaamu == Okuva mu July 2024, pulogulaamu zino wammanga ez’okusoma diguli esooka n’eza diguli eyookubiri zaaweebwa: <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 July 2017 |title=Lira University Academic Programmes for 2017/2018 Academic Year |url=http://lirauni.ac.ug/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/FINAL-ADVERT-FOR-PROGRAMMES-2017-2018-LU.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828154136/http://lirauni.ac.ug/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/FINAL-ADVERT-FOR-PROGRAMMES-2017-2018-LU.pdf |archive-date=28 August 2017 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=Lira University |format=PDF}}</ref> === Pulogulaamu za Bachelors === Ensibuko: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lira university |url=https://lirauni.ac.ug/ |access-date=2026-03-21 |website=Lira university |language=en-US}}</ref> * Diguli mu Sayansi wa Kompyuta * Diguli mu by’amawulire n’empuliziganya * Diguli mu by’okusiiga ebifaananyi mu kompyuta * Diguli mu by’obusawo n’okulongoosa * Bachelor of Science mu by’empisa mu bantu n’obujjanjabi bw’eby’omwoyo * Bachelor of Science mu by’okuzaalisa * Diguli mu Sayansi w’Etterekero n’Amawulire * Diguli ya Sayansi mu by’obulamu bw’abantu * Diguli mu by’endya [[Omuntu|y’abantu]] n’endya * Bachelor of Science n’ebyenjigiriza (Eby’omubiri, eby’obulamu, eby’obulimi n’ebyenfuna) * Diguli mu by’enjigiriza (Primary ne secondary) . * Diguli mu by’enjigiriza bya kompyuta * Diguli mu by’okuddukanya emirimu gya gavumenti n’okuddukanya emirimu * Diguli ya Sayansi mu by’enfuna * Diguli mu by’obusuubuzi * Diguli mu by’obusuubuzi * Bachelor of Science mu kubala ebitabo n’ebyensimbi === Pulogulaamu za Masters === * Master mu Sayansi w’Omuzaalisa * Executive Master mu by’okuddukanya emirimu * Master mu by’obulamu bw’abantu * Master of Arts mu by’okuddukanya emirimu gya gavumenti n’okuddukanya emirimu * Master of Okubuulirira ku bulamu bw’obwongo === Enteekateeka z’okusoma diguli eyookubiri === * Dipuloma ya diguli eyookubiri mu nzirukanya y’ebyenjigiriza n’enkola * Dipuloma ya diguli eyookubiri mu by’okuddukanya emirimu gya gavumenti n’okuddukanya emirimu * Dipuloma ya diguli eyookubiri mu by’okuddukanya ebyensimbi * Dipuloma y’ebyenjigiriza mu diguli eyookubiri === Pulogulaamu za satifikeeti === * Enteekateeka ya satifikeeti y’okutuuka ku by’enjigiriza ebya waggulu-Ssaayansi w’omubiri. * Enteekateeka ya satifikeeti y’okutuuka ku by’enjigiriza ebya waggulu-Sayansi w’ebiramu. * Enteekateeka y’okufuna satifikeeti y’okutuuka ku by’enjigiriza ebya waggulu. == Abaddukanya yunivasite == {| class="wikitable" !Ekifo ! Erinnya |- | Chancellor wa Uganda | [[Benjamin Josses Odoki|Benjamin Joses Odoki]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chancellor |url=https://lirauni.ac.ug/chancellor-2/ |access-date=16 March 2026 |website=Lira university |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | Omumyuka wa Cansala | Jasper Watson Ogwal‐Okeng <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Management |url=https://lirauni.ac.ug/administration-2/ |access-date=16 March 2026 |website=Lira university |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | Akola nga omumyuka wa Cansala | Judith Akello Abal <ref name=":1" /> |- | Akola nga omuwandiisi wa Yunivasite | Tom Richard Atim <ref name=":1" /> |- | Akola nga Bursar | Elemu Anthony <ref>{{Cite web |title=University Management |url=https://lirauni.ac.ug/university-management/ |access-date=2026-09-06 |website=Lira University |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | Akola ng’Omukuumi w’Etterekero ly’Etterekero lya Yunivasite | Andrew Ojulong <ref name=":1" /> |- | Akola nga Dean w’abayizi | James Bond Opok <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dean of Students |url=https://lirauni.ac.ug/dean-of-students/ |access-date=2026-09-06 |website=Lira University |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | Omuwandiisi w’ebyenjigiriza | Geoffrey Angela <ref name=":1" /> |} Olukiiko lwa Yunivasite Olukiiko lwa Yunivasite lwe kitongole ekisinga okusalawo / okukola enkola. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Council |url=https://lirauni.ac.ug/council/ |access-date=16 March 2026 |website=Lira university |language=en-US}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Ekifo ! Erinnya |- | Ssentebe wa ssentebe | David Geoffrey Opio Okello, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo |- | Omumyuka wa Ssentebe | Nellie Florence Okullo, omusajja omulala |- | Omumyuka wa Cansala | Jasper Watson Ogwal‐Okeng, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo |- | Omumyuka wa Cansala | Okaka Opio Dokotum |- | Omuwandiisi | Augustine Oyang Atubo, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo |- | Ssentebe‐Akakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku kubala ebitabo n’okuddukanya akabi | Rosie Agoi, omusajja omulala |- | Ssentebe‐Akakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku kukakasa omutindo, ICT & Library | Florence Ebila, omuwandiisi w’ebitabo |- | Ssentebe‐Akakiiko k’ebyensimbi, okuteekateeka n’okusiga ensimbi | Timothy Jokkene Okee, Omuwandiisi w’ebitabo |- | Ssentebe‐Akakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku by’obugagga n’emirimu | Robert Omara |- | Ssentebe‐Akakiiko k’Eddwaaliro | David Martin Ogwang |- | Ssentebe‐Olukiiko olulonda abantu | Bosco Onyik Ogwal, omusajja omulala |- | Chair‐Obulungi bw’abayizi & Empisa | Omuyimbi Fredrick Dickens Odongo |- | Bammemba abalala | Falidah Wadumaga, Moses Kaahwa, Sam Atul |} == Abakulu b’amatendekero == {| class="wikitable" |+ ! Ebitongole by’amatendekero ! Erinnya ly’abakulira abasomesa |- | Okusoma | Elizabeth Amongi <ref>{{Cite web |title=FOE |url=https://lirauni.ac.ug/foe/ |access-date=16 March 2026 |website=Lira university |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | Sayansi w’okuddukanya emirimu | Judith Akello Abal <ref>{{Cite web |title=FMS |url=https://lirauni.ac.ug/fms/ |access-date=16 March 2026 |website=Lira university |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | Obujjanjabi n’okuzaalisa | Anna Grace Auma <ref>{{Cite web |title=FONM |url=https://lirauni.ac.ug/fonm/ |access-date=16 March 2026 |website=Lira university |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | Eddagala | Francis Olwa <ref>{{Cite web |title=FOM |url=https://lirauni.ac.ug/fom/ |access-date=16 March 2026 |website=Lira university |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | Ebyobulamu by’abantu bonna | Marc Sam Opollo <ref>{{Cite web |title=FOP |url=https://lirauni.ac.ug/fop/ |access-date=16 March 2026 |website=Lira university |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | Sayansi wa Kompyuta n’Amawulire | Nelson Ojuka <ref>{{Cite web |title=FOICT |url=https://lirauni.ac.ug/foict/ |access-date=16 March 2026 |website=Lira university |language=en-US}}</ref> |} == Laba ne == * [[Olukalala lw'abakulira Yunivaasite mu Uganda|Olukalala lw'abakulembeze ba yunivasite mu Uganda]] * Olukalala lwa yunivasite mu Uganda * Olukalala lw'amasomero ga bizinensi mu Uganda * [[Ebyenjigiriza mu Uganda]] * [[Paalamenti ya Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] * [[Ssettendekero wa Gulu|Yunivasite y'e Gulu]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == {{Reflist}}{{Lira District}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * Official website {{collapsible list|[[Blackroof ]]<br />[[Maracourts]]<br />[[Melenium]]<br />[[Pilipo elite]]<br />[[Mendera]]<br />[[Northern elite]]<br />[[Emmanuela]]<br />[[Maisha]]<br />[[St.Peters]]<br />[[Gods mercy]]<br />[[Masengere]]<br />[[Fly emirates]]<br />[[Madick]]<br />[[Sam's quality]]<br />[[Blacck roof]]<br />[[Florida]]|title=''See list''}}  7mxb23sirfkjnicpx2zltwaxet9n7d2 0 15999 75709 2026-09-30T17:37:51Z ESTHER NAKITENDE 9175 Created by translating the opening section from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348229154|Jalen Watson]]" 75709 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jalen Antonio Ellis-Watson''' (yazaalibwa 23 ogwokusatu 2000) muzannyi wa [[Omupiira ogw'ebigere|mupiira gwa]] ogwekikugu okuva mu Canada era azannyira Oakville SC mu League1 Ontario. swbg2bfo4f6bga2261mp9j9fr24285l 0 16000 75738 2026-09-30T20:50:44Z MEvalyn 9841 Created page 75738 wikitext text/x-wiki == Obulamu obuto == Bisi Adeleye yazaalibwa nga June 11, 1963 mu maka ga Ssaawa Adeleye n’omukyala we (nga ye Omitusa). Maama we ava mu kibuga Ilara-Mokin, gye yali mutabani wa jjajja we omukulu Pa Omitusa Awoseye eyali mu famire ya kabaka w’e Ilara-Mokin. Ye muganda wa mukwano ogw’obutono ne Justice Akinola Aguda okuyita mu jjajja we omukulu era kizibwe wa Alara, oba kabaka ow’omu kiseera kino, wa Ilara-Mokin. d0fnyq72nqhwxqwdlpaia24h1z8vywk 75739 75738 2026-09-30T20:53:09Z MEvalyn 9841 75739 wikitext text/x-wiki Bisi Adeleye-Fayemi (yazaalibwa nga 11 Ogwomukaaga 1963) Munnayuganda-Mubungereza omulwanirizi w'eddembe ly'abakazi, omuwandiisi era omukugu mu by'enkola. == Obulamu obuto == Bisi Adeleye yazaalibwa nga June 11, 1963 mu maka ga Ssaawa Adeleye n’omukyala we (nga ye Omitusa). Maama we ava mu kibuga Ilara-Mokin, gye yali mutabani wa jjajja we omukulu Pa Omitusa Awoseye eyali mu famire ya kabaka w’e Ilara-Mokin. Ye muganda wa mukwano ogw’obutono ne Justice Akinola Aguda okuyita mu jjajja we omukulu era kizibwe wa Alara, oba kabaka ow’omu kiseera kino, wa Ilara-Mokin. 1nynx2tl3emgomldsc2b7c8r7cjcn4h 75740 75739 2026-09-30T20:53:23Z MEvalyn 9841 75740 wikitext text/x-wiki Bisi Adeleye-Fayemi (yazaalibwa nga 11 Ogwomukaaga 1963) Munnayuganda-Mubungereza omulwanirizi w'eddembe ly'abakazi, omuwandiisi era omukugu mu by'enkola. Yali mukyala wa Ekiti State mu Nigeria. Mukyala wa gavana wa Ekiti State Kayode Fayemi okuva mu 2010 okutuuka mu 2014 ne okuva mu 2018 okutuuka mu 2022.[8][9] == Obulamu obuto == Bisi Adeleye yazaalibwa nga June 11, 1963 mu maka ga Ssaawa Adeleye n’omukyala we (nga ye Omitusa). Maama we ava mu kibuga Ilara-Mokin, gye yali mutabani wa jjajja we omukulu Pa Omitusa Awoseye eyali mu famire ya kabaka w’e Ilara-Mokin. Ye muganda wa mukwano ogw’obutono ne Justice Akinola Aguda okuyita mu jjajja we omukulu era kizibwe wa Alara, oba kabaka ow’omu kiseera kino, wa Ilara-Mokin. 6g1fyllacxan4363ppsbxb0ywvwxtta 75741 75740 2026-09-30T20:53:49Z MEvalyn 9841 Added statement 75741 wikitext text/x-wiki Bisi Adeleye-Fayemi (yazaalibwa nga 11 Ogwomukaaga 1963) Munnayuganda-Mubungereza omulwanirizi w'eddembe ly'abakazi, omuwandiisi era omukugu mu by'enkola. Yali mukyala wa Ekiti State mu Nigeria. Mukyala wa gavana wa Ekiti State Kayode Fayemi okuva mu 2010 okutuuka mu 2014 ne okuva mu 2018 okutuuka mu 2022.[8][9] Fayemi ye mutandisi wa Above Whispers Media Foundation era awandiika ekiwandiiko ekyasabbiiti ekya Loud Whispers ku mukutu Abovewhispers.com.[10][11][12] Yatandikawo enteekateeka ey'okuyigiriza abantu eyitibwa The Wrapper Network. Yali omuwi w'amagezi omukulu owa UN Women Nigeria (2017–2018) era ali Visiting Senior Research Fellow ku African Leadership Centre, King's College London. == Obulamu obuto == Bisi Adeleye yazaalibwa nga June 11, 1963 mu maka ga Ssaawa Adeleye n’omukyala we (nga ye Omitusa). Maama we ava mu kibuga Ilara-Mokin, gye yali mutabani wa jjajja we omukulu Pa Omitusa Awoseye eyali mu famire ya kabaka w’e Ilara-Mokin. Ye muganda wa mukwano ogw’obutono ne Justice Akinola Aguda okuyita mu jjajja we omukulu era kizibwe wa Alara, oba kabaka ow’omu kiseera kino, wa Ilara-Mokin. o7bunq8sxignhq2pg8vfn7qarbq7rcm 0 16001 75742 2026-09-30T21:17:09Z MEvalyn 9841 Created page 75742 wikitext text/x-wiki Fatou Baldeh MBE (eyazaalibwa mu December 1983)[1] munnabyabufuzi w'abakyala okuva e Gambia era akola ku nsonga z'okumalawo okusala ebikoola by'abakyala (FGM). a2xe5xecdoayqk4zmde6eem47itydi0 75743 75742 2026-09-30T21:19:20Z MEvalyn 9841 75743 wikitext text/x-wiki Fatou Baldeh MBE (eyazaalibwa mu December 1983)[1] munnabyabufuzi w'abakyala okuva e Gambia era akola ku nsonga z'okumalawo okusala ebikoola by'abakyala (FGM). == Obulamu bwe obuto n’okusoma == Baldeh yakolebwa okukomola abakyala ng’alina emyaka musanvu era n’afuuka omuwanguzi w’okukomola, nga bwe kiri ku bakazi n’abawala bangi mu nsi yonna.[3][4][5] Kigambibwa nti 73% y’abakazi n’abawala abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 baakolwako FGM mu The Gambia.[6] l5wed9u7ihqvd5afbu46h0mqgc2818t 75744 75743 2026-09-30T21:19:57Z MEvalyn 9841 75744 wikitext text/x-wiki Fatou Baldeh MBE (eyazaalibwa mu December 1983)[1] munnabyabufuzi w'abakyala okuva e Gambia era akola ku nsonga z'okumalawo okusala ebikoola by'abakyala (FGM). == Obulamu bwe obuto n’okusoma == Baldeh yakolebwa okukomola abakyala ng’alina emyaka musanvu era n’afuuka omuwanguzi w’okukomola, nga bwe kiri ku bakazi n’abawala bangi mu nsi yonna.[3][4][5] Kigambibwa nti 73% y’abakazi n’abawala abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 baakolwako FGM mu The Gambia.[6] Baldeh yamaliriza diguli ya bachelor mu Psychology ne Health ku University of Wolverhampton era n’afuna diguli ya master mu sexual and reproductive health ku Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh.[7][8] Kati ali Ph.D. candidate ku Canterbury Christ Church University era Research Fellow ku Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia ku London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. e5pktp5zqatdzyf5cs46mdtxty9ndhv 75745 75744 2026-09-30T21:24:49Z MEvalyn 9841 75745 wikitext text/x-wiki Fatou Baldeh MBE (eyazaalibwa mu December 1983)[1] munnabyabufuzi w'abakyala okuva e Gambia era akola ku nsonga z'okumalawo okusala ebikoola by'abakyala (FGM). == Obulamu bwe obuto n’okusoma == Baldeh yakolebwa okukomola abakyala ng’alina emyaka musanvu era n’afuuka omuwanguzi w’okukomola, nga bwe kiri ku bakazi n’abawala bangi mu nsi yonna.[3][4][5] Kigambibwa nti 73% y’abakazi n’abawala abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 baakolwako FGM mu The Gambia.[6] Baldeh yamaliriza diguli ya bachelor mu Psychology ne Health ku University of Wolverhampton era n’afuna diguli ya master mu sexual and reproductive health ku Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh.[7][8] Kati ali Ph.D. candidate ku Canterbury Christ Church University era Research Fellow ku Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia ku London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. == Okukola, okuwagira n’okumanyibwa == Oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza emisomo gye, yakolera mu Dignity Alert Research Forum e Edinburgh, ng’akola okunyweza eddembe ly’abakyala n’eddembe ly’abantu.[10] Yalondebwa nga director wa Dignity Alert Research Forum mu May 2015.[11] 1en4z0dwxj93aph0k1qp7srjg63h1z6 75746 75745 2026-09-30T21:28:01Z MEvalyn 9841 75746 wikitext text/x-wiki Fatou Baldeh MBE (eyazaalibwa mu December 1983)[1] munnabyabufuzi w'abakyala okuva e Gambia era akola ku nsonga z'okumalawo okusala ebikoola by'abakyala (FGM). == Obulamu bwe obuto n’okusoma == Baldeh yakolebwa okukomola abakyala ng’alina emyaka musanvu era n’afuuka omuwanguzi w’okukomola, nga bwe kiri ku bakazi n’abawala bangi mu nsi yonna.[3][4][5] Kigambibwa nti 73% y’abakazi n’abawala abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 baakolwako FGM mu The Gambia.[6] Baldeh yamaliriza diguli ya bachelor mu Psychology ne Health ku University of Wolverhampton era n’afuna diguli ya master mu sexual and reproductive health ku Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh.[7][8] Kati ali Ph.D. candidate ku Canterbury Christ Church University era Research Fellow ku Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia ku London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. == Okukola, okuwagira n’okumanyibwa == Oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza emisomo gye, yakolera mu Dignity Alert Research Forum e Edinburgh, ng’akola okunyweza eddembe ly’abakyala n’eddembe ly’abantu.[10] Yalondebwa nga director wa Dignity Alert Research Forum mu May 2015.[11] Mu 2013, Fatou yayogera mu lujjudde ku nsonga z’okusala abawala ebikoola by’obukyala mu Scotland. Ku 30 January 2014, yagenda mu Equal Opportunities Committee mu Palamenti ya Scotland, gyeyasabibwa okulaga enkola n’amateeka agalina okuteekebwawo okusobola okuziyiza abawala abato obutaba ba FGM mu Scotland. f7enmil9twb16jq4decz4ivxgqnp2yq 75747 75746 2026-09-30T21:31:16Z MEvalyn 9841 75747 wikitext text/x-wiki Fatou Baldeh MBE (eyazaalibwa mu December 1983)[1] munnabyabufuzi w'abakyala okuva e Gambia era akola ku nsonga z'okumalawo okusala ebikoola by'abakyala (FGM). == Obulamu bwe obuto n’okusoma == Baldeh yakolebwa okukomola abakyala ng’alina emyaka musanvu era n’afuuka omuwanguzi w’okukomola, nga bwe kiri ku bakazi n’abawala bangi mu nsi yonna.[3][4][5] Kigambibwa nti 73% y’abakazi n’abawala abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 baakolwako FGM mu The Gambia.[6] Baldeh yamaliriza diguli ya bachelor mu Psychology ne Health ku University of Wolverhampton era n’afuna diguli ya master mu sexual and reproductive health ku Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh.[7][8] Kati ali Ph.D. candidate ku Canterbury Christ Church University era Research Fellow ku Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia ku London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. == Okukola, okuwagira n’okumanyibwa == Oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza emisomo gye, yakolera mu Dignity Alert Research Forum e Edinburgh, ng’akola okunyweza eddembe ly’abakyala n’eddembe ly’abantu.[10] Yalondebwa nga director wa Dignity Alert Research Forum mu May 2015.[11] Mu 2013, Fatou yayogera mu lujjudde ku nsonga z’okusala abawala ebikoola by’obukyala mu Scotland. Ku 30 January 2014, yagenda mu Equal Opportunities Committee mu Palamenti ya Scotland, gyeyasabibwa okulaga enkola n’amateeka agalina okuteekebwawo okusobola okuziyiza abawala abato obutaba ba FGM mu Scotland. Oluvannyuma lw’okumala emyaka ng’asoma n’okukola ne NGOs ez’enjawulo ezikwatagana n’abantu ba BAME mu Scotland, Baldeh yakomawo e Gambia mu 2018. Yatandika ekibiina kya Women in Liberation and Leadership (WILL) oluvannyuma lw’okudda mu ggwanga lye.[13] WILL ekola okukyusa n’okukuuma obulamu n’eddembe ly’abakyala mu Gambia.[14] 74zo7rekfi53qm670s0utanxgaoz7ea 75748 75747 2026-09-30T21:32:08Z MEvalyn 9841 75748 wikitext text/x-wiki Fatou Baldeh MBE (eyazaalibwa mu December 1983)[1] munnabyabufuzi w'abakyala okuva e Gambia era akola ku nsonga z'okumalawo okusala ebikoola by'abakyala (FGM). == Obulamu bwe obuto n’okusoma == Baldeh yakolebwa okukomola abakyala ng’alina emyaka musanvu era n’afuuka omuwanguzi w’okukomola, nga bwe kiri ku bakazi n’abawala bangi mu nsi yonna.[3][4][5] Kigambibwa nti 73% y’abakazi n’abawala abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 baakolwako FGM mu The Gambia.[6] Baldeh yamaliriza diguli ya bachelor mu Psychology ne Health ku University of Wolverhampton era n’afuna diguli ya master mu sexual and reproductive health ku Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh.[7][8] Kati ali Ph.D. candidate ku Canterbury Christ Church University era Research Fellow ku Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia ku London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. == Okukola, okuwagira n’okumanyibwa == Oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza emisomo gye, yakolera mu Dignity Alert Research Forum e Edinburgh, ng’akola okunyweza eddembe ly’abakyala n’eddembe ly’abantu.[10] Yalondebwa nga director wa Dignity Alert Research Forum mu May 2015.[11] Mu 2013, Fatou yayogera mu lujjudde ku nsonga z’okusala abawala ebikoola by’obukyala mu Scotland. Ku 30 January 2014, yagenda mu Equal Opportunities Committee mu Palamenti ya Scotland, gyeyasabibwa okulaga enkola n’amateeka agalina okuteekebwawo okusobola okuziyiza abawala abato obutaba ba FGM mu Scotland. Oluvannyuma lw’okumala emyaka ng’asoma n’okukola ne NGOs ez’enjawulo ezikwatagana n’abantu ba BAME mu Scotland, Baldeh yakomawo e Gambia mu 2018. Yatandika ekibiina kya Women in Liberation and Leadership (WILL) oluvannyuma lw’okudda mu ggwanga lye.[13] WILL ekola okukyusa n’okukuuma obulamu n’eddembe ly’abakyala mu Gambia.[14] Ng’akolaganira wamu ne The Gambia’s Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission (TRRC), WILL yateekateeka ebifaananyi by’abakyala abali mu bufuzi bwa Yahya Jammeh obwamala emyaka 22, obwakomekkereza mu 2017. Obufuzi buno bwali bujjudde okutyoboola eddembe ly’abantu nga mwemuli Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV).[15] Mu January 2020, yaweebwa MBE okuva ku British High Commissioner mu Gambia, Sharon Wardle, olw’ebirabo bya Special Honours mu 2019, ng’akusiima emirimu gye egy’amaanyi n’okulwanirira abantu abato abaddugavu mu Scotland.[16] jk1yt81hrr6boxzneuj9iq9gmd5m3er 75749 75748 2026-09-30T21:32:31Z MEvalyn 9841 75749 wikitext text/x-wiki Fatou Baldeh MBE (eyazaalibwa mu December 1983)[1] munnabyabufuzi w'abakyala okuva e Gambia era akola ku nsonga z'okumalawo okusala ebikoola by'abakyala (FGM). == Obulamu bwe obuto n’okusoma == Baldeh yakolebwa okukomola abakyala ng’alina emyaka musanvu era n’afuuka omuwanguzi w’okukomola, nga bwe kiri ku bakazi n’abawala bangi mu nsi yonna.[3][4][5] Kigambibwa nti 73% y’abakazi n’abawala abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 baakolwako FGM mu The Gambia.[6] Baldeh yamaliriza diguli ya bachelor mu Psychology ne Health ku University of Wolverhampton era n’afuna diguli ya master mu sexual and reproductive health ku Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh.[7][8] Kati ali Ph.D. candidate ku Canterbury Christ Church University era Research Fellow ku Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia ku London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. == Okukola, okuwagira n’okumanyibwa == Oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza emisomo gye, yakolera mu Dignity Alert Research Forum e Edinburgh, ng’akola okunyweza eddembe ly’abakyala n’eddembe ly’abantu.[10] Yalondebwa nga director wa Dignity Alert Research Forum mu May 2015.[11] Mu 2013, Fatou yayogera mu lujjudde ku nsonga z’okusala abawala ebikoola by’obukyala mu Scotland. Ku 30 January 2014, yagenda mu Equal Opportunities Committee mu Palamenti ya Scotland, gyeyasabibwa okulaga enkola n’amateeka agalina okuteekebwawo okusobola okuziyiza abawala abato obutaba ba FGM mu Scotland. Oluvannyuma lw’okumala emyaka ng’asoma n’okukola ne NGOs ez’enjawulo ezikwatagana n’abantu ba BAME mu Scotland, Baldeh yakomawo e Gambia mu 2018. Yatandika ekibiina kya Women in Liberation and Leadership (WILL) oluvannyuma lw’okudda mu ggwanga lye.[13] WILL ekola okukyusa n’okukuuma obulamu n’eddembe ly’abakyala mu Gambia.[14] Ng’akolaganira wamu ne The Gambia’s Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission (TRRC), WILL yateekateeka ebifaananyi by’abakyala abali mu bufuzi bwa Yahya Jammeh obwamala emyaka 22, obwakomekkereza mu 2017. Obufuzi buno bwali bujjudde okutyoboola eddembe ly’abantu nga mwemuli Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV).[15] Mu January 2020, yaweebwa MBE okuva ku British High Commissioner mu Gambia, Sharon Wardle, olw’ebirabo bya Special Honours mu 2019, ng’akusiima emirimu gye egy’amaanyi n’okulwanirira abantu abato abaddugavu mu Scotland.[16] Mu March 2020, Baldeh yaweebwa The Sise Saweneh Award/Outstanding Woman of the Year olw’okukola ennyo mu kusitula abaana abawala n’abakyala mu Gambia.[17] Mu 2024, yafuna US State Department’s International Women of Courage Award[18] ne Geneva Summit Women’s Rights Award, ng’akusiima obukulembeze bwe mu kulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu.[19] 9s2rrz668rlhuk0b0h9vtq02ko9un3n 75750 75749 2026-09-30T21:33:38Z MEvalyn 9841 75750 wikitext text/x-wiki Fatou Baldeh MBE (eyazaalibwa mu December 1983)[1] munnabyabufuzi w'abakyala okuva e Gambia era akola ku nsonga z'okumalawo okusala ebikoola by'abakyala (FGM). == Obulamu bwe obuto n’okusoma == Baldeh yakolebwa okukomola abakyala ng’alina emyaka musanvu era n’afuuka omuwanguzi w’okukomola, nga bwe kiri ku bakazi n’abawala bangi mu nsi yonna.[3][4][5] Kigambibwa nti 73% y’abakazi n’abawala abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 baakolwako FGM mu The Gambia.[6] Baldeh yamaliriza diguli ya bachelor mu Psychology ne Health ku University of Wolverhampton era n’afuna diguli ya master mu sexual and reproductive health ku Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh.[7][8] Kati ali Ph.D. candidate ku Canterbury Christ Church University era Research Fellow ku Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia ku London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. == Okukola, okuwagira n’okumanyibwa == Oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza emisomo gye, yakolera mu Dignity Alert Research Forum e Edinburgh, ng’akola okunyweza eddembe ly’abakyala n’eddembe ly’abantu.[10] Yalondebwa nga director wa Dignity Alert Research Forum mu May 2015.[11] Mu 2013, Fatou yayogera mu lujjudde ku nsonga z’okusala abawala ebikoola by’obukyala mu Scotland. Ku 30 January 2014, yagenda mu Equal Opportunities Committee mu Palamenti ya Scotland, gyeyasabibwa okulaga enkola n’amateeka agalina okuteekebwawo okusobola okuziyiza abawala abato obutaba ba FGM mu Scotland. Oluvannyuma lw’okumala emyaka ng’asoma n’okukola ne NGOs ez’enjawulo ezikwatagana n’abantu ba BAME mu Scotland, Baldeh yakomawo e Gambia mu 2018. Yatandika ekibiina kya Women in Liberation and Leadership (WILL) oluvannyuma lw’okudda mu ggwanga lye.[13] WILL ekola okukyusa n’okukuuma obulamu n’eddembe ly’abakyala mu Gambia.[14] Ng’akolaganira wamu ne The Gambia’s Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission (TRRC), WILL yateekateeka ebifaananyi by’abakyala abali mu bufuzi bwa Yahya Jammeh obwamala emyaka 22, obwakomekkereza mu 2017. Obufuzi buno bwali bujjudde okutyoboola eddembe ly’abantu nga mwemuli Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV).[15] Mu January 2020, yaweebwa MBE okuva ku British High Commissioner mu Gambia, Sharon Wardle, olw’ebirabo bya Special Honours mu 2019, ng’akusiima emirimu gye egy’amaanyi n’okulwanirira abantu abato abaddugavu mu Scotland.[16] Mu March 2020, Baldeh yaweebwa The Sise Saweneh Award/Outstanding Woman of the Year olw’okukola ennyo mu kusitula abaana abawala n’abakyala mu Gambia.[17] Mu 2024, yafuna US State Department’s International Women of Courage Award[18] ne Geneva Summit Women’s Rights Award, ng’akusiima obukulembeze bwe mu kulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu.[19] Mu ntandikwa ya 2025, TIME yamuteeka mu bakazi ab’omwaka[20][21] era Pulezidenti wa Amerika Barack Obama yamusiima olw’okulwanyisa FGM ku lunaku lw’abakyala mu nsi yonna.[9] Ku mukolo ogwo, Harvard University yamuteeka mu bakazi 25 ab’amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[22] Oluvannyuma TIME yamuteeka mu lukalala lwabwe olwa 2025 olw’abantu 100 abasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[23] Mu October 2025, yali omu ku bantu 20 abawanguzi ba Albies Award eyaweebwa Clooney Foundation for Justice, ng’akusiima omulimu gwe ogw’amaanyi mu kukulembera okulwanyisa okugezaako okuggyawo ekiragiro ky’eggwanga lya Gambia ku FGM mu 2024.[24] 09b4899rtm7kj3f06thum7mwr6eecnu 75751 75750 2026-09-30T21:35:04Z MEvalyn 9841 Added citation 75751 wikitext text/x-wiki Fatou Baldeh MBE (eyazaalibwa mu December 1983)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fay |first=Elizabeth |date=2021-03-24 |title=Letter III |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429349829-3 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-34982-9 |pages=21–30}}</ref> munnabyabufuzi w'abakyala okuva e Gambia era akola ku nsonga z'okumalawo okusala ebikoola by'abakyala (FGM). == Obulamu bwe obuto n’okusoma == Baldeh yakolebwa okukomola abakyala ng’alina emyaka musanvu era n’afuuka omuwanguzi w’okukomola, nga bwe kiri ku bakazi n’abawala bangi mu nsi yonna.[3][4][5] Kigambibwa nti 73% y’abakazi n’abawala abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 baakolwako FGM mu The Gambia.[6] Baldeh yamaliriza diguli ya bachelor mu Psychology ne Health ku University of Wolverhampton era n’afuna diguli ya master mu sexual and reproductive health ku Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh.[7][8] Kati ali Ph.D. candidate ku Canterbury Christ Church University era Research Fellow ku Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia ku London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. == Okukola, okuwagira n’okumanyibwa == Oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza emisomo gye, yakolera mu Dignity Alert Research Forum e Edinburgh, ng’akola okunyweza eddembe ly’abakyala n’eddembe ly’abantu.[10] Yalondebwa nga director wa Dignity Alert Research Forum mu May 2015.[11] Mu 2013, Fatou yayogera mu lujjudde ku nsonga z’okusala abawala ebikoola by’obukyala mu Scotland. Ku 30 January 2014, yagenda mu Equal Opportunities Committee mu Palamenti ya Scotland, gyeyasabibwa okulaga enkola n’amateeka agalina okuteekebwawo okusobola okuziyiza abawala abato obutaba ba FGM mu Scotland. Oluvannyuma lw’okumala emyaka ng’asoma n’okukola ne NGOs ez’enjawulo ezikwatagana n’abantu ba BAME mu Scotland, Baldeh yakomawo e Gambia mu 2018. Yatandika ekibiina kya Women in Liberation and Leadership (WILL) oluvannyuma lw’okudda mu ggwanga lye.[13] WILL ekola okukyusa n’okukuuma obulamu n’eddembe ly’abakyala mu Gambia.[14] Ng’akolaganira wamu ne The Gambia’s Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission (TRRC), WILL yateekateeka ebifaananyi by’abakyala abali mu bufuzi bwa Yahya Jammeh obwamala emyaka 22, obwakomekkereza mu 2017. Obufuzi buno bwali bujjudde okutyoboola eddembe ly’abantu nga mwemuli Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV).[15] Mu January 2020, yaweebwa MBE okuva ku British High Commissioner mu Gambia, Sharon Wardle, olw’ebirabo bya Special Honours mu 2019, ng’akusiima emirimu gye egy’amaanyi n’okulwanirira abantu abato abaddugavu mu Scotland.[16] Mu March 2020, Baldeh yaweebwa The Sise Saweneh Award/Outstanding Woman of the Year olw’okukola ennyo mu kusitula abaana abawala n’abakyala mu Gambia.[17] Mu 2024, yafuna US State Department’s International Women of Courage Award[18] ne Geneva Summit Women’s Rights Award, ng’akusiima obukulembeze bwe mu kulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu.[19] Mu ntandikwa ya 2025, TIME yamuteeka mu bakazi ab’omwaka[20][21] era Pulezidenti wa Amerika Barack Obama yamusiima olw’okulwanyisa FGM ku lunaku lw’abakyala mu nsi yonna.[9] Ku mukolo ogwo, Harvard University yamuteeka mu bakazi 25 ab’amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[22] Oluvannyuma TIME yamuteeka mu lukalala lwabwe olwa 2025 olw’abantu 100 abasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[23] Mu October 2025, yali omu ku bantu 20 abawanguzi ba Albies Award eyaweebwa Clooney Foundation for Justice, ng’akusiima omulimu gwe ogw’amaanyi mu kukulembera okulwanyisa okugezaako okuggyawo ekiragiro ky’eggwanga lya Gambia ku FGM mu 2024.[24] == Ebyokulabirako == tj2zytdcbcn5xi6ncg7bvpdig4ntx6o 75752 75751 2026-09-30T21:38:43Z MEvalyn 9841 Added citation 75752 wikitext text/x-wiki Fatou Baldeh MBE (eyazaalibwa mu December 1983)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fay |first=Elizabeth |date=2021-03-24 |title=Letter III |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429349829-3 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-34982-9 |pages=21–30}}</ref> munnabyabufuzi w'abakyala okuva e Gambia era akola ku nsonga z'okumalawo okusala ebikoola by'abakyala (FGM).<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Bruce, Sir Robert, (26 Oct. 1871–27 March 1955), DL, JP |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u235200 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe obuto n’okusoma == Baldeh yakolebwa okukomola abakyala ng’alina emyaka musanvu era n’afuuka omuwanguzi w’okukomola, nga bwe kiri ku bakazi n’abawala bangi mu nsi yonna.[3][4][5] Kigambibwa nti 73% y’abakazi n’abawala abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 baakolwako FGM mu The Gambia.[6] Baldeh yamaliriza diguli ya bachelor mu Psychology ne Health ku University of Wolverhampton era n’afuna diguli ya master mu sexual and reproductive health ku Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh.[7][8] Kati ali Ph.D. candidate ku Canterbury Christ Church University era Research Fellow ku Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia ku London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. == Okukola, okuwagira n’okumanyibwa == Oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza emisomo gye, yakolera mu Dignity Alert Research Forum e Edinburgh, ng’akola okunyweza eddembe ly’abakyala n’eddembe ly’abantu.[10] Yalondebwa nga director wa Dignity Alert Research Forum mu May 2015.[11] Mu 2013, Fatou yayogera mu lujjudde ku nsonga z’okusala abawala ebikoola by’obukyala mu Scotland. Ku 30 January 2014, yagenda mu Equal Opportunities Committee mu Palamenti ya Scotland, gyeyasabibwa okulaga enkola n’amateeka agalina okuteekebwawo okusobola okuziyiza abawala abato obutaba ba FGM mu Scotland. Oluvannyuma lw’okumala emyaka ng’asoma n’okukola ne NGOs ez’enjawulo ezikwatagana n’abantu ba BAME mu Scotland, Baldeh yakomawo e Gambia mu 2018. Yatandika ekibiina kya Women in Liberation and Leadership (WILL) oluvannyuma lw’okudda mu ggwanga lye.[13] WILL ekola okukyusa n’okukuuma obulamu n’eddembe ly’abakyala mu Gambia.[14] Ng’akolaganira wamu ne The Gambia’s Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission (TRRC), WILL yateekateeka ebifaananyi by’abakyala abali mu bufuzi bwa Yahya Jammeh obwamala emyaka 22, obwakomekkereza mu 2017. Obufuzi buno bwali bujjudde okutyoboola eddembe ly’abantu nga mwemuli Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV).[15] Mu January 2020, yaweebwa MBE okuva ku British High Commissioner mu Gambia, Sharon Wardle, olw’ebirabo bya Special Honours mu 2019, ng’akusiima emirimu gye egy’amaanyi n’okulwanirira abantu abato abaddugavu mu Scotland.[16] Mu March 2020, Baldeh yaweebwa The Sise Saweneh Award/Outstanding Woman of the Year olw’okukola ennyo mu kusitula abaana abawala n’abakyala mu Gambia.[17] Mu 2024, yafuna US State Department’s International Women of Courage Award[18] ne Geneva Summit Women’s Rights Award, ng’akusiima obukulembeze bwe mu kulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu.[19] Mu ntandikwa ya 2025, TIME yamuteeka mu bakazi ab’omwaka[20][21] era Pulezidenti wa Amerika Barack Obama yamusiima olw’okulwanyisa FGM ku lunaku lw’abakyala mu nsi yonna.[9] Ku mukolo ogwo, Harvard University yamuteeka mu bakazi 25 ab’amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[22] Oluvannyuma TIME yamuteeka mu lukalala lwabwe olwa 2025 olw’abantu 100 abasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[23] Mu October 2025, yali omu ku bantu 20 abawanguzi ba Albies Award eyaweebwa Clooney Foundation for Justice, ng’akusiima omulimu gwe ogw’amaanyi mu kukulembera okulwanyisa okugezaako okuggyawo ekiragiro ky’eggwanga lya Gambia ku FGM mu 2024.[24] == Ebyokulabirako == n8bphxe4a1kjejl1kvm3vspmudalvem 75753 75752 2026-09-30T21:39:48Z MEvalyn 9841 75753 wikitext text/x-wiki Fatou Baldeh MBE (eyazaalibwa mu December 1983)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fay |first=Elizabeth |date=2021-03-24 |title=Letter III |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429349829-3 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-34982-9 |pages=21–30}}</ref> munnabyabufuzi w'abakyala okuva e Gambia era akola ku nsonga z'okumalawo okusala ebikoola by'abakyala (FGM).<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Bruce, Sir Robert, (26 Oct. 1871–27 March 1955), DL, JP |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u235200 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe obuto n’okusoma == Baldeh yakolebwa okukomola abakyala ng’alina emyaka musanvu era n’afuuka omuwanguzi w’okukomola, nga bwe kiri ku bakazi n’abawala bangi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Guerin, Orla, (born 15 May 1966), Egypt Correspondent, BBC News, since 2013 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.4000498 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref>[3][4][5] Kigambibwa nti 73% y’abakazi n’abawala abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 baakolwako FGM mu The Gambia.[6] Baldeh yamaliriza diguli ya bachelor mu Psychology ne Health ku University of Wolverhampton era n’afuna diguli ya master mu sexual and reproductive health ku Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh.[7][8] Kati ali Ph.D. candidate ku Canterbury Christ Church University era Research Fellow ku Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia ku London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. == Okukola, okuwagira n’okumanyibwa == Oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza emisomo gye, yakolera mu Dignity Alert Research Forum e Edinburgh, ng’akola okunyweza eddembe ly’abakyala n’eddembe ly’abantu.[10] Yalondebwa nga director wa Dignity Alert Research Forum mu May 2015.[11] Mu 2013, Fatou yayogera mu lujjudde ku nsonga z’okusala abawala ebikoola by’obukyala mu Scotland. Ku 30 January 2014, yagenda mu Equal Opportunities Committee mu Palamenti ya Scotland, gyeyasabibwa okulaga enkola n’amateeka agalina okuteekebwawo okusobola okuziyiza abawala abato obutaba ba FGM mu Scotland. Oluvannyuma lw’okumala emyaka ng’asoma n’okukola ne NGOs ez’enjawulo ezikwatagana n’abantu ba BAME mu Scotland, Baldeh yakomawo e Gambia mu 2018. Yatandika ekibiina kya Women in Liberation and Leadership (WILL) oluvannyuma lw’okudda mu ggwanga lye.[13] WILL ekola okukyusa n’okukuuma obulamu n’eddembe ly’abakyala mu Gambia.[14] Ng’akolaganira wamu ne The Gambia’s Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission (TRRC), WILL yateekateeka ebifaananyi by’abakyala abali mu bufuzi bwa Yahya Jammeh obwamala emyaka 22, obwakomekkereza mu 2017. Obufuzi buno bwali bujjudde okutyoboola eddembe ly’abantu nga mwemuli Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV).[15] Mu January 2020, yaweebwa MBE okuva ku British High Commissioner mu Gambia, Sharon Wardle, olw’ebirabo bya Special Honours mu 2019, ng’akusiima emirimu gye egy’amaanyi n’okulwanirira abantu abato abaddugavu mu Scotland.[16] Mu March 2020, Baldeh yaweebwa The Sise Saweneh Award/Outstanding Woman of the Year olw’okukola ennyo mu kusitula abaana abawala n’abakyala mu Gambia.[17] Mu 2024, yafuna US State Department’s International Women of Courage Award[18] ne Geneva Summit Women’s Rights Award, ng’akusiima obukulembeze bwe mu kulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu.[19] Mu ntandikwa ya 2025, TIME yamuteeka mu bakazi ab’omwaka[20][21] era Pulezidenti wa Amerika Barack Obama yamusiima olw’okulwanyisa FGM ku lunaku lw’abakyala mu nsi yonna.[9] Ku mukolo ogwo, Harvard University yamuteeka mu bakazi 25 ab’amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[22] Oluvannyuma TIME yamuteeka mu lukalala lwabwe olwa 2025 olw’abantu 100 abasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[23] Mu October 2025, yali omu ku bantu 20 abawanguzi ba Albies Award eyaweebwa Clooney Foundation for Justice, ng’akusiima omulimu gwe ogw’amaanyi mu kukulembera okulwanyisa okugezaako okuggyawo ekiragiro ky’eggwanga lya Gambia ku FGM mu 2024.[24] == Ebyokulabirako == mihy9788wlww6htfxvabnd1dvyvynec 75754 75753 2026-09-30T21:40:36Z MEvalyn 9841 75754 wikitext text/x-wiki Fatou Baldeh MBE (eyazaalibwa mu December 1983)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fay |first=Elizabeth |date=2021-03-24 |title=Letter III |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429349829-3 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-34982-9 |pages=21–30}}</ref> munnabyabufuzi w'abakyala okuva e Gambia era akola ku nsonga z'okumalawo okusala ebikoola by'abakyala (FGM).<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Bruce, Sir Robert, (26 Oct. 1871–27 March 1955), DL, JP |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u235200 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe obuto n’okusoma == Baldeh yakolebwa okukomola abakyala ng’alina emyaka musanvu era n’afuuka omuwanguzi w’okukomola, nga bwe kiri ku bakazi n’abawala bangi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Guerin, Orla, (born 15 May 1966), Egypt Correspondent, BBC News, since 2013 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.4000498 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gale |first=Robert L. |date=2000-02 |title=Adams, Franklin P. (15 November 1881–23 March 1960), newspaper columnist, humorist, and radio personality |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1600011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |series=American National Biography Online}}</ref>[3][4][5] Kigambibwa nti 73% y’abakazi n’abawala abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 baakolwako FGM mu The Gambia.[6] Baldeh yamaliriza diguli ya bachelor mu Psychology ne Health ku University of Wolverhampton era n’afuna diguli ya master mu sexual and reproductive health ku Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh.[7][8] Kati ali Ph.D. candidate ku Canterbury Christ Church University era Research Fellow ku Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia ku London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. == Okukola, okuwagira n’okumanyibwa == Oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza emisomo gye, yakolera mu Dignity Alert Research Forum e Edinburgh, ng’akola okunyweza eddembe ly’abakyala n’eddembe ly’abantu.[10] Yalondebwa nga director wa Dignity Alert Research Forum mu May 2015.[11] Mu 2013, Fatou yayogera mu lujjudde ku nsonga z’okusala abawala ebikoola by’obukyala mu Scotland. Ku 30 January 2014, yagenda mu Equal Opportunities Committee mu Palamenti ya Scotland, gyeyasabibwa okulaga enkola n’amateeka agalina okuteekebwawo okusobola okuziyiza abawala abato obutaba ba FGM mu Scotland. Oluvannyuma lw’okumala emyaka ng’asoma n’okukola ne NGOs ez’enjawulo ezikwatagana n’abantu ba BAME mu Scotland, Baldeh yakomawo e Gambia mu 2018. Yatandika ekibiina kya Women in Liberation and Leadership (WILL) oluvannyuma lw’okudda mu ggwanga lye.[13] WILL ekola okukyusa n’okukuuma obulamu n’eddembe ly’abakyala mu Gambia.[14] Ng’akolaganira wamu ne The Gambia’s Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission (TRRC), WILL yateekateeka ebifaananyi by’abakyala abali mu bufuzi bwa Yahya Jammeh obwamala emyaka 22, obwakomekkereza mu 2017. Obufuzi buno bwali bujjudde okutyoboola eddembe ly’abantu nga mwemuli Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV).[15] Mu January 2020, yaweebwa MBE okuva ku British High Commissioner mu Gambia, Sharon Wardle, olw’ebirabo bya Special Honours mu 2019, ng’akusiima emirimu gye egy’amaanyi n’okulwanirira abantu abato abaddugavu mu Scotland.[16] Mu March 2020, Baldeh yaweebwa The Sise Saweneh Award/Outstanding Woman of the Year olw’okukola ennyo mu kusitula abaana abawala n’abakyala mu Gambia.[17] Mu 2024, yafuna US State Department’s International Women of Courage Award[18] ne Geneva Summit Women’s Rights Award, ng’akusiima obukulembeze bwe mu kulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu.[19] Mu ntandikwa ya 2025, TIME yamuteeka mu bakazi ab’omwaka[20][21] era Pulezidenti wa Amerika Barack Obama yamusiima olw’okulwanyisa FGM ku lunaku lw’abakyala mu nsi yonna.[9] Ku mukolo ogwo, Harvard University yamuteeka mu bakazi 25 ab’amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[22] Oluvannyuma TIME yamuteeka mu lukalala lwabwe olwa 2025 olw’abantu 100 abasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[23] Mu October 2025, yali omu ku bantu 20 abawanguzi ba Albies Award eyaweebwa Clooney Foundation for Justice, ng’akusiima omulimu gwe ogw’amaanyi mu kukulembera okulwanyisa okugezaako okuggyawo ekiragiro ky’eggwanga lya Gambia ku FGM mu 2024.[24] == Ebyokulabirako == lsnt2ug0tehcknghidprby56z31t3x0 75755 75754 2026-09-30T21:41:38Z MEvalyn 9841 75755 wikitext text/x-wiki Fatou Baldeh MBE (eyazaalibwa mu December 1983)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fay |first=Elizabeth |date=2021-03-24 |title=Letter III |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429349829-3 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-34982-9 |pages=21–30}}</ref> munnabyabufuzi w'abakyala okuva e Gambia era akola ku nsonga z'okumalawo okusala ebikoola by'abakyala (FGM).<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Bruce, Sir Robert, (26 Oct. 1871–27 March 1955), DL, JP |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u235200 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe obuto n’okusoma == Baldeh yakolebwa okukomola abakyala ng’alina emyaka musanvu era n’afuuka omuwanguzi w’okukomola, nga bwe kiri ku bakazi n’abawala bangi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Guerin, Orla, (born 15 May 1966), Egypt Correspondent, BBC News, since 2013 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.4000498 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gale |first=Robert L. |date=2000-02 |title=Adams, Franklin P. (15 November 1881–23 March 1960), newspaper columnist, humorist, and radio personality |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1600011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |series=American National Biography Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=WHAT IS FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION (FGM)? |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-4028-20180015 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Human Rights Documents Online}}</ref>[3][4][5] Kigambibwa nti 73% y’abakazi n’abawala abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 baakolwako FGM mu The Gambia.[6] Baldeh yamaliriza diguli ya bachelor mu Psychology ne Health ku University of Wolverhampton era n’afuna diguli ya master mu sexual and reproductive health ku Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh.[7][8] Kati ali Ph.D. candidate ku Canterbury Christ Church University era Research Fellow ku Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia ku London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. == Okukola, okuwagira n’okumanyibwa == Oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza emisomo gye, yakolera mu Dignity Alert Research Forum e Edinburgh, ng’akola okunyweza eddembe ly’abakyala n’eddembe ly’abantu.[10] Yalondebwa nga director wa Dignity Alert Research Forum mu May 2015.[11] Mu 2013, Fatou yayogera mu lujjudde ku nsonga z’okusala abawala ebikoola by’obukyala mu Scotland. Ku 30 January 2014, yagenda mu Equal Opportunities Committee mu Palamenti ya Scotland, gyeyasabibwa okulaga enkola n’amateeka agalina okuteekebwawo okusobola okuziyiza abawala abato obutaba ba FGM mu Scotland. Oluvannyuma lw’okumala emyaka ng’asoma n’okukola ne NGOs ez’enjawulo ezikwatagana n’abantu ba BAME mu Scotland, Baldeh yakomawo e Gambia mu 2018. Yatandika ekibiina kya Women in Liberation and Leadership (WILL) oluvannyuma lw’okudda mu ggwanga lye.[13] WILL ekola okukyusa n’okukuuma obulamu n’eddembe ly’abakyala mu Gambia.[14] Ng’akolaganira wamu ne The Gambia’s Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission (TRRC), WILL yateekateeka ebifaananyi by’abakyala abali mu bufuzi bwa Yahya Jammeh obwamala emyaka 22, obwakomekkereza mu 2017. Obufuzi buno bwali bujjudde okutyoboola eddembe ly’abantu nga mwemuli Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV).[15] Mu January 2020, yaweebwa MBE okuva ku British High Commissioner mu Gambia, Sharon Wardle, olw’ebirabo bya Special Honours mu 2019, ng’akusiima emirimu gye egy’amaanyi n’okulwanirira abantu abato abaddugavu mu Scotland.[16] Mu March 2020, Baldeh yaweebwa The Sise Saweneh Award/Outstanding Woman of the Year olw’okukola ennyo mu kusitula abaana abawala n’abakyala mu Gambia.[17] Mu 2024, yafuna US State Department’s International Women of Courage Award[18] ne Geneva Summit Women’s Rights Award, ng’akusiima obukulembeze bwe mu kulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu.[19] Mu ntandikwa ya 2025, TIME yamuteeka mu bakazi ab’omwaka[20][21] era Pulezidenti wa Amerika Barack Obama yamusiima olw’okulwanyisa FGM ku lunaku lw’abakyala mu nsi yonna.[9] Ku mukolo ogwo, Harvard University yamuteeka mu bakazi 25 ab’amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[22] Oluvannyuma TIME yamuteeka mu lukalala lwabwe olwa 2025 olw’abantu 100 abasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[23] Mu October 2025, yali omu ku bantu 20 abawanguzi ba Albies Award eyaweebwa Clooney Foundation for Justice, ng’akusiima omulimu gwe ogw’amaanyi mu kukulembera okulwanyisa okugezaako okuggyawo ekiragiro ky’eggwanga lya Gambia ku FGM mu 2024.[24] == Ebyokulabirako == pq518a9vs37u5ac6q65olnjp1r3osrf 75756 75755 2026-09-30T21:41:54Z MEvalyn 9841 75756 wikitext text/x-wiki Fatou Baldeh MBE (eyazaalibwa mu December 1983)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fay |first=Elizabeth |date=2021-03-24 |title=Letter III |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429349829-3 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-34982-9 |pages=21–30}}</ref> munnabyabufuzi w'abakyala okuva e Gambia era akola ku nsonga z'okumalawo okusala ebikoola by'abakyala (FGM).<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Bruce, Sir Robert, (26 Oct. 1871–27 March 1955), DL, JP |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u235200 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe obuto n’okusoma == Baldeh yakolebwa okukomola abakyala ng’alina emyaka musanvu era n’afuuka omuwanguzi w’okukomola, nga bwe kiri ku bakazi n’abawala bangi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Guerin, Orla, (born 15 May 1966), Egypt Correspondent, BBC News, since 2013 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.4000498 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gale |first=Robert L. |date=2000-02 |title=Adams, Franklin P. (15 November 1881–23 March 1960), newspaper columnist, humorist, and radio personality |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1600011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |series=American National Biography Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=WHAT IS FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION (FGM)? |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-4028-20180015 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Human Rights Documents Online}}</ref> Kigambibwa nti 73% y’abakazi n’abawala abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 baakolwako FGM mu The Gambia.[6] Baldeh yamaliriza diguli ya bachelor mu Psychology ne Health ku University of Wolverhampton era n’afuna diguli ya master mu sexual and reproductive health ku Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh.[7][8] Kati ali Ph.D. candidate ku Canterbury Christ Church University era Research Fellow ku Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia ku London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. == Okukola, okuwagira n’okumanyibwa == Oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza emisomo gye, yakolera mu Dignity Alert Research Forum e Edinburgh, ng’akola okunyweza eddembe ly’abakyala n’eddembe ly’abantu.[10] Yalondebwa nga director wa Dignity Alert Research Forum mu May 2015.[11] Mu 2013, Fatou yayogera mu lujjudde ku nsonga z’okusala abawala ebikoola by’obukyala mu Scotland. Ku 30 January 2014, yagenda mu Equal Opportunities Committee mu Palamenti ya Scotland, gyeyasabibwa okulaga enkola n’amateeka agalina okuteekebwawo okusobola okuziyiza abawala abato obutaba ba FGM mu Scotland. Oluvannyuma lw’okumala emyaka ng’asoma n’okukola ne NGOs ez’enjawulo ezikwatagana n’abantu ba BAME mu Scotland, Baldeh yakomawo e Gambia mu 2018. Yatandika ekibiina kya Women in Liberation and Leadership (WILL) oluvannyuma lw’okudda mu ggwanga lye.[13] WILL ekola okukyusa n’okukuuma obulamu n’eddembe ly’abakyala mu Gambia.[14] Ng’akolaganira wamu ne The Gambia’s Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission (TRRC), WILL yateekateeka ebifaananyi by’abakyala abali mu bufuzi bwa Yahya Jammeh obwamala emyaka 22, obwakomekkereza mu 2017. Obufuzi buno bwali bujjudde okutyoboola eddembe ly’abantu nga mwemuli Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV).[15] Mu January 2020, yaweebwa MBE okuva ku British High Commissioner mu Gambia, Sharon Wardle, olw’ebirabo bya Special Honours mu 2019, ng’akusiima emirimu gye egy’amaanyi n’okulwanirira abantu abato abaddugavu mu Scotland.[16] Mu March 2020, Baldeh yaweebwa The Sise Saweneh Award/Outstanding Woman of the Year olw’okukola ennyo mu kusitula abaana abawala n’abakyala mu Gambia.[17] Mu 2024, yafuna US State Department’s International Women of Courage Award[18] ne Geneva Summit Women’s Rights Award, ng’akusiima obukulembeze bwe mu kulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu.[19] Mu ntandikwa ya 2025, TIME yamuteeka mu bakazi ab’omwaka[20][21] era Pulezidenti wa Amerika Barack Obama yamusiima olw’okulwanyisa FGM ku lunaku lw’abakyala mu nsi yonna.[9] Ku mukolo ogwo, Harvard University yamuteeka mu bakazi 25 ab’amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[22] Oluvannyuma TIME yamuteeka mu lukalala lwabwe olwa 2025 olw’abantu 100 abasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[23] Mu October 2025, yali omu ku bantu 20 abawanguzi ba Albies Award eyaweebwa Clooney Foundation for Justice, ng’akusiima omulimu gwe ogw’amaanyi mu kukulembera okulwanyisa okugezaako okuggyawo ekiragiro ky’eggwanga lya Gambia ku FGM mu 2024.[24] == Ebyokulabirako == 05iy6yp5adht28grp6twb616jme821k 75757 75756 2026-09-30T21:42:32Z MEvalyn 9841 Added citation 75757 wikitext text/x-wiki Fatou Baldeh MBE (eyazaalibwa mu December 1983)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fay |first=Elizabeth |date=2021-03-24 |title=Letter III |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429349829-3 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-34982-9 |pages=21–30}}</ref> munnabyabufuzi w'abakyala okuva e Gambia era akola ku nsonga z'okumalawo okusala ebikoola by'abakyala (FGM).<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Bruce, Sir Robert, (26 Oct. 1871–27 March 1955), DL, JP |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u235200 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe obuto n’okusoma == Baldeh yakolebwa okukomola abakyala ng’alina emyaka musanvu era n’afuuka omuwanguzi w’okukomola, nga bwe kiri ku bakazi n’abawala bangi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Guerin, Orla, (born 15 May 1966), Egypt Correspondent, BBC News, since 2013 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.4000498 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gale |first=Robert L. |date=2000-02 |title=Adams, Franklin P. (15 November 1881–23 March 1960), newspaper columnist, humorist, and radio personality |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1600011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |series=American National Biography Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=WHAT IS FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION (FGM)? |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-4028-20180015 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Human Rights Documents Online}}</ref> Kigambibwa nti 73% y’abakazi n’abawala abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 baakolwako FGM mu The Gambia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tsegaw |first=Menen |last2=Mulat |first2=Bezawit |last3=Shitu |first3=Kegnie |date=2022-03-09 |title=Access to health care problem and associated factors among reproductive age women in Gambia: Using Gambia Demographic Health Survey 2019/20 |url=https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1397227/v1 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Baldeh yamaliriza diguli ya bachelor mu Psychology ne Health ku University of Wolverhampton era n’afuna diguli ya master mu sexual and reproductive health ku Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh.[7][8] Kati ali Ph.D. candidate ku Canterbury Christ Church University era Research Fellow ku Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia ku London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. == Okukola, okuwagira n’okumanyibwa == Oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza emisomo gye, yakolera mu Dignity Alert Research Forum e Edinburgh, ng’akola okunyweza eddembe ly’abakyala n’eddembe ly’abantu.[10] Yalondebwa nga director wa Dignity Alert Research Forum mu May 2015.[11] Mu 2013, Fatou yayogera mu lujjudde ku nsonga z’okusala abawala ebikoola by’obukyala mu Scotland. Ku 30 January 2014, yagenda mu Equal Opportunities Committee mu Palamenti ya Scotland, gyeyasabibwa okulaga enkola n’amateeka agalina okuteekebwawo okusobola okuziyiza abawala abato obutaba ba FGM mu Scotland. Oluvannyuma lw’okumala emyaka ng’asoma n’okukola ne NGOs ez’enjawulo ezikwatagana n’abantu ba BAME mu Scotland, Baldeh yakomawo e Gambia mu 2018. Yatandika ekibiina kya Women in Liberation and Leadership (WILL) oluvannyuma lw’okudda mu ggwanga lye.[13] WILL ekola okukyusa n’okukuuma obulamu n’eddembe ly’abakyala mu Gambia.[14] Ng’akolaganira wamu ne The Gambia’s Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission (TRRC), WILL yateekateeka ebifaananyi by’abakyala abali mu bufuzi bwa Yahya Jammeh obwamala emyaka 22, obwakomekkereza mu 2017. Obufuzi buno bwali bujjudde okutyoboola eddembe ly’abantu nga mwemuli Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV).[15] Mu January 2020, yaweebwa MBE okuva ku British High Commissioner mu Gambia, Sharon Wardle, olw’ebirabo bya Special Honours mu 2019, ng’akusiima emirimu gye egy’amaanyi n’okulwanirira abantu abato abaddugavu mu Scotland.[16] Mu March 2020, Baldeh yaweebwa The Sise Saweneh Award/Outstanding Woman of the Year olw’okukola ennyo mu kusitula abaana abawala n’abakyala mu Gambia.[17] Mu 2024, yafuna US State Department’s International Women of Courage Award[18] ne Geneva Summit Women’s Rights Award, ng’akusiima obukulembeze bwe mu kulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu.[19] Mu ntandikwa ya 2025, TIME yamuteeka mu bakazi ab’omwaka[20][21] era Pulezidenti wa Amerika Barack Obama yamusiima olw’okulwanyisa FGM ku lunaku lw’abakyala mu nsi yonna.[9] Ku mukolo ogwo, Harvard University yamuteeka mu bakazi 25 ab’amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[22] Oluvannyuma TIME yamuteeka mu lukalala lwabwe olwa 2025 olw’abantu 100 abasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[23] Mu October 2025, yali omu ku bantu 20 abawanguzi ba Albies Award eyaweebwa Clooney Foundation for Justice, ng’akusiima omulimu gwe ogw’amaanyi mu kukulembera okulwanyisa okugezaako okuggyawo ekiragiro ky’eggwanga lya Gambia ku FGM mu 2024.[24] == Ebyokulabirako == oogrcnb20m65gnalnkfsakp9vnu9cj4 75758 75757 2026-09-30T21:45:05Z MEvalyn 9841 75758 wikitext text/x-wiki Fatou Baldeh MBE (eyazaalibwa mu December 1983)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fay |first=Elizabeth |date=2021-03-24 |title=Letter III |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429349829-3 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-34982-9 |pages=21–30}}</ref> munnabyabufuzi w'abakyala okuva e Gambia era akola ku nsonga z'okumalawo okusala ebikoola by'abakyala (FGM).<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Bruce, Sir Robert, (26 Oct. 1871–27 March 1955), DL, JP |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u235200 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe obuto n’okusoma == Baldeh yakolebwa okukomola abakyala ng’alina emyaka musanvu era n’afuuka omuwanguzi w’okukomola, nga bwe kiri ku bakazi n’abawala bangi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Guerin, Orla, (born 15 May 1966), Egypt Correspondent, BBC News, since 2013 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.4000498 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gale |first=Robert L. |date=2000-02 |title=Adams, Franklin P. (15 November 1881–23 March 1960), newspaper columnist, humorist, and radio personality |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1600011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |series=American National Biography Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=WHAT IS FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION (FGM)? |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-4028-20180015 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Human Rights Documents Online}}</ref> Kigambibwa nti 73% y’abakazi n’abawala abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 baakolwako FGM mu The Gambia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tsegaw |first=Menen |last2=Mulat |first2=Bezawit |last3=Shitu |first3=Kegnie |date=2022-03-09 |title=Access to health care problem and associated factors among reproductive age women in Gambia: Using Gambia Demographic Health Survey 2019/20 |url=https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1397227/v1 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Baldeh yamaliriza diguli ya bachelor mu Psychology ne Health ku University of Wolverhampton era n’afuna diguli ya master mu sexual and reproductive health ku Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-01 |title=Join ASHA’s Efforts to Raise Awareness of World Hearing Day March 3 |url=https://doi.org/10.1044/2021-0301-asha-world-hearing-day-resources |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Blog post Digital Object Group}}</ref>[7][8] Kati ali Ph.D. candidate ku Canterbury Christ Church University era Research Fellow ku Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia ku London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. == Okukola, okuwagira n’okumanyibwa == Oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza emisomo gye, yakolera mu Dignity Alert Research Forum e Edinburgh, ng’akola okunyweza eddembe ly’abakyala n’eddembe ly’abantu.[10] Yalondebwa nga director wa Dignity Alert Research Forum mu May 2015.[11] Mu 2013, Fatou yayogera mu lujjudde ku nsonga z’okusala abawala ebikoola by’obukyala mu Scotland. Ku 30 January 2014, yagenda mu Equal Opportunities Committee mu Palamenti ya Scotland, gyeyasabibwa okulaga enkola n’amateeka agalina okuteekebwawo okusobola okuziyiza abawala abato obutaba ba FGM mu Scotland. Oluvannyuma lw’okumala emyaka ng’asoma n’okukola ne NGOs ez’enjawulo ezikwatagana n’abantu ba BAME mu Scotland, Baldeh yakomawo e Gambia mu 2018. Yatandika ekibiina kya Women in Liberation and Leadership (WILL) oluvannyuma lw’okudda mu ggwanga lye.[13] WILL ekola okukyusa n’okukuuma obulamu n’eddembe ly’abakyala mu Gambia.[14] Ng’akolaganira wamu ne The Gambia’s Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission (TRRC), WILL yateekateeka ebifaananyi by’abakyala abali mu bufuzi bwa Yahya Jammeh obwamala emyaka 22, obwakomekkereza mu 2017. Obufuzi buno bwali bujjudde okutyoboola eddembe ly’abantu nga mwemuli Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV).[15] Mu January 2020, yaweebwa MBE okuva ku British High Commissioner mu Gambia, Sharon Wardle, olw’ebirabo bya Special Honours mu 2019, ng’akusiima emirimu gye egy’amaanyi n’okulwanirira abantu abato abaddugavu mu Scotland.[16] Mu March 2020, Baldeh yaweebwa The Sise Saweneh Award/Outstanding Woman of the Year olw’okukola ennyo mu kusitula abaana abawala n’abakyala mu Gambia.[17] Mu 2024, yafuna US State Department’s International Women of Courage Award[18] ne Geneva Summit Women’s Rights Award, ng’akusiima obukulembeze bwe mu kulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu.[19] Mu ntandikwa ya 2025, TIME yamuteeka mu bakazi ab’omwaka[20][21] era Pulezidenti wa Amerika Barack Obama yamusiima olw’okulwanyisa FGM ku lunaku lw’abakyala mu nsi yonna.[9] Ku mukolo ogwo, Harvard University yamuteeka mu bakazi 25 ab’amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[22] Oluvannyuma TIME yamuteeka mu lukalala lwabwe olwa 2025 olw’abantu 100 abasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[23] Mu October 2025, yali omu ku bantu 20 abawanguzi ba Albies Award eyaweebwa Clooney Foundation for Justice, ng’akusiima omulimu gwe ogw’amaanyi mu kukulembera okulwanyisa okugezaako okuggyawo ekiragiro ky’eggwanga lya Gambia ku FGM mu 2024.[24] == Ebyokulabirako == tvg3d185csyp3vtnxz7c1hrpthli5on 75759 75758 2026-09-30T21:45:42Z MEvalyn 9841 75759 wikitext text/x-wiki Fatou Baldeh MBE (eyazaalibwa mu December 1983)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fay |first=Elizabeth |date=2021-03-24 |title=Letter III |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429349829-3 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-34982-9 |pages=21–30}}</ref> munnabyabufuzi w'abakyala okuva e Gambia era akola ku nsonga z'okumalawo okusala ebikoola by'abakyala (FGM).<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Bruce, Sir Robert, (26 Oct. 1871–27 March 1955), DL, JP |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u235200 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe obuto n’okusoma == Baldeh yakolebwa okukomola abakyala ng’alina emyaka musanvu era n’afuuka omuwanguzi w’okukomola, nga bwe kiri ku bakazi n’abawala bangi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Guerin, Orla, (born 15 May 1966), Egypt Correspondent, BBC News, since 2013 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.4000498 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gale |first=Robert L. |date=2000-02 |title=Adams, Franklin P. (15 November 1881–23 March 1960), newspaper columnist, humorist, and radio personality |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1600011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |series=American National Biography Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=WHAT IS FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION (FGM)? |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-4028-20180015 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Human Rights Documents Online}}</ref> Kigambibwa nti 73% y’abakazi n’abawala abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 baakolwako FGM mu The Gambia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tsegaw |first=Menen |last2=Mulat |first2=Bezawit |last3=Shitu |first3=Kegnie |date=2022-03-09 |title=Access to health care problem and associated factors among reproductive age women in Gambia: Using Gambia Demographic Health Survey 2019/20 |url=https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1397227/v1 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Baldeh yamaliriza diguli ya bachelor mu Psychology ne Health ku University of Wolverhampton era n’afuna diguli ya master mu sexual and reproductive health ku Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-01 |title=Join ASHA’s Efforts to Raise Awareness of World Hearing Day March 3 |url=https://doi.org/10.1044/2021-0301-asha-world-hearing-day-resources |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Blog post Digital Object Group}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hollinder |first=Brandon |date=2007 |title=How to Build a Better Truth Commission: Applying Lessons from Past Truth Commissions to the Selection of Commissioners for an Afghanistan Truth Commission |url=https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.958645 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref>[7][8] Kati ali Ph.D. candidate ku Canterbury Christ Church University era Research Fellow ku Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia ku London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. == Okukola, okuwagira n’okumanyibwa == Oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza emisomo gye, yakolera mu Dignity Alert Research Forum e Edinburgh, ng’akola okunyweza eddembe ly’abakyala n’eddembe ly’abantu.[10] Yalondebwa nga director wa Dignity Alert Research Forum mu May 2015.[11] Mu 2013, Fatou yayogera mu lujjudde ku nsonga z’okusala abawala ebikoola by’obukyala mu Scotland. Ku 30 January 2014, yagenda mu Equal Opportunities Committee mu Palamenti ya Scotland, gyeyasabibwa okulaga enkola n’amateeka agalina okuteekebwawo okusobola okuziyiza abawala abato obutaba ba FGM mu Scotland. Oluvannyuma lw’okumala emyaka ng’asoma n’okukola ne NGOs ez’enjawulo ezikwatagana n’abantu ba BAME mu Scotland, Baldeh yakomawo e Gambia mu 2018. Yatandika ekibiina kya Women in Liberation and Leadership (WILL) oluvannyuma lw’okudda mu ggwanga lye.[13] WILL ekola okukyusa n’okukuuma obulamu n’eddembe ly’abakyala mu Gambia.[14] Ng’akolaganira wamu ne The Gambia’s Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission (TRRC), WILL yateekateeka ebifaananyi by’abakyala abali mu bufuzi bwa Yahya Jammeh obwamala emyaka 22, obwakomekkereza mu 2017. Obufuzi buno bwali bujjudde okutyoboola eddembe ly’abantu nga mwemuli Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV).[15] Mu January 2020, yaweebwa MBE okuva ku British High Commissioner mu Gambia, Sharon Wardle, olw’ebirabo bya Special Honours mu 2019, ng’akusiima emirimu gye egy’amaanyi n’okulwanirira abantu abato abaddugavu mu Scotland.[16] Mu March 2020, Baldeh yaweebwa The Sise Saweneh Award/Outstanding Woman of the Year olw’okukola ennyo mu kusitula abaana abawala n’abakyala mu Gambia.[17] Mu 2024, yafuna US State Department’s International Women of Courage Award[18] ne Geneva Summit Women’s Rights Award, ng’akusiima obukulembeze bwe mu kulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu.[19] Mu ntandikwa ya 2025, TIME yamuteeka mu bakazi ab’omwaka[20][21] era Pulezidenti wa Amerika Barack Obama yamusiima olw’okulwanyisa FGM ku lunaku lw’abakyala mu nsi yonna.[9] Ku mukolo ogwo, Harvard University yamuteeka mu bakazi 25 ab’amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[22] Oluvannyuma TIME yamuteeka mu lukalala lwabwe olwa 2025 olw’abantu 100 abasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[23] Mu October 2025, yali omu ku bantu 20 abawanguzi ba Albies Award eyaweebwa Clooney Foundation for Justice, ng’akusiima omulimu gwe ogw’amaanyi mu kukulembera okulwanyisa okugezaako okuggyawo ekiragiro ky’eggwanga lya Gambia ku FGM mu 2024.[24] == Ebyokulabirako == san2qw7mqyx8b1t3j2pfyragq51qe60 75760 75759 2026-09-30T21:46:36Z MEvalyn 9841 75760 wikitext text/x-wiki Fatou Baldeh MBE (eyazaalibwa mu December 1983)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fay |first=Elizabeth |date=2021-03-24 |title=Letter III |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429349829-3 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-34982-9 |pages=21–30}}</ref> munnabyabufuzi w'abakyala okuva e Gambia era akola ku nsonga z'okumalawo okusala ebikoola by'abakyala (FGM).<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Bruce, Sir Robert, (26 Oct. 1871–27 March 1955), DL, JP |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u235200 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe obuto n’okusoma == Baldeh yakolebwa okukomola abakyala ng’alina emyaka musanvu era n’afuuka omuwanguzi w’okukomola, nga bwe kiri ku bakazi n’abawala bangi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Guerin, Orla, (born 15 May 1966), Egypt Correspondent, BBC News, since 2013 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.4000498 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gale |first=Robert L. |date=2000-02 |title=Adams, Franklin P. (15 November 1881–23 March 1960), newspaper columnist, humorist, and radio personality |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1600011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |series=American National Biography Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=WHAT IS FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION (FGM)? |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-4028-20180015 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Human Rights Documents Online}}</ref> Kigambibwa nti 73% y’abakazi n’abawala abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 baakolwako FGM mu The Gambia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tsegaw |first=Menen |last2=Mulat |first2=Bezawit |last3=Shitu |first3=Kegnie |date=2022-03-09 |title=Access to health care problem and associated factors among reproductive age women in Gambia: Using Gambia Demographic Health Survey 2019/20 |url=https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1397227/v1 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Baldeh yamaliriza diguli ya bachelor mu Psychology ne Health ku University of Wolverhampton era n’afuna diguli ya master mu sexual and reproductive health ku Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-01 |title=Join ASHA’s Efforts to Raise Awareness of World Hearing Day March 3 |url=https://doi.org/10.1044/2021-0301-asha-world-hearing-day-resources |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Blog post Digital Object Group}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hollinder |first=Brandon |date=2007 |title=How to Build a Better Truth Commission: Applying Lessons from Past Truth Commissions to the Selection of Commissioners for an Afghanistan Truth Commission |url=https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.958645 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Kati ali Ph.D. candidate ku Canterbury Christ Church University era Research Fellow ku Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia ku London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-01 |title=Meet Two of the “World’s Most Influential People” |url=https://doi.org/10.1200/acon.10.00084 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=ASCO Connection Post DOs Group}}</ref> == Okukola, okuwagira n’okumanyibwa == Oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza emisomo gye, yakolera mu Dignity Alert Research Forum e Edinburgh, ng’akola okunyweza eddembe ly’abakyala n’eddembe ly’abantu.[10] Yalondebwa nga director wa Dignity Alert Research Forum mu May 2015.[11] Mu 2013, Fatou yayogera mu lujjudde ku nsonga z’okusala abawala ebikoola by’obukyala mu Scotland. Ku 30 January 2014, yagenda mu Equal Opportunities Committee mu Palamenti ya Scotland, gyeyasabibwa okulaga enkola n’amateeka agalina okuteekebwawo okusobola okuziyiza abawala abato obutaba ba FGM mu Scotland. Oluvannyuma lw’okumala emyaka ng’asoma n’okukola ne NGOs ez’enjawulo ezikwatagana n’abantu ba BAME mu Scotland, Baldeh yakomawo e Gambia mu 2018. Yatandika ekibiina kya Women in Liberation and Leadership (WILL) oluvannyuma lw’okudda mu ggwanga lye.[13] WILL ekola okukyusa n’okukuuma obulamu n’eddembe ly’abakyala mu Gambia.[14] Ng’akolaganira wamu ne The Gambia’s Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission (TRRC), WILL yateekateeka ebifaananyi by’abakyala abali mu bufuzi bwa Yahya Jammeh obwamala emyaka 22, obwakomekkereza mu 2017. Obufuzi buno bwali bujjudde okutyoboola eddembe ly’abantu nga mwemuli Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV).[15] Mu January 2020, yaweebwa MBE okuva ku British High Commissioner mu Gambia, Sharon Wardle, olw’ebirabo bya Special Honours mu 2019, ng’akusiima emirimu gye egy’amaanyi n’okulwanirira abantu abato abaddugavu mu Scotland.[16] Mu March 2020, Baldeh yaweebwa The Sise Saweneh Award/Outstanding Woman of the Year olw’okukola ennyo mu kusitula abaana abawala n’abakyala mu Gambia.[17] Mu 2024, yafuna US State Department’s International Women of Courage Award[18] ne Geneva Summit Women’s Rights Award, ng’akusiima obukulembeze bwe mu kulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu.[19] Mu ntandikwa ya 2025, TIME yamuteeka mu bakazi ab’omwaka[20][21] era Pulezidenti wa Amerika Barack Obama yamusiima olw’okulwanyisa FGM ku lunaku lw’abakyala mu nsi yonna.[9] Ku mukolo ogwo, Harvard University yamuteeka mu bakazi 25 ab’amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[22] Oluvannyuma TIME yamuteeka mu lukalala lwabwe olwa 2025 olw’abantu 100 abasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[23] Mu October 2025, yali omu ku bantu 20 abawanguzi ba Albies Award eyaweebwa Clooney Foundation for Justice, ng’akusiima omulimu gwe ogw’amaanyi mu kukulembera okulwanyisa okugezaako okuggyawo ekiragiro ky’eggwanga lya Gambia ku FGM mu 2024.[24] == Ebyokulabirako == axgfumca3wqmi2a2w1dt31ayyfeq2hh 75761 75760 2026-09-30T21:50:14Z MEvalyn 9841 Added citation 75761 wikitext text/x-wiki Fatou Baldeh MBE (eyazaalibwa mu December 1983)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fay |first=Elizabeth |date=2021-03-24 |title=Letter III |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429349829-3 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-34982-9 |pages=21–30}}</ref> munnabyabufuzi w'abakyala okuva e Gambia era akola ku nsonga z'okumalawo okusala ebikoola by'abakyala (FGM).<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Bruce, Sir Robert, (26 Oct. 1871–27 March 1955), DL, JP |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u235200 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe obuto n’okusoma == Baldeh yakolebwa okukomola abakyala ng’alina emyaka musanvu era n’afuuka omuwanguzi w’okukomola, nga bwe kiri ku bakazi n’abawala bangi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Guerin, Orla, (born 15 May 1966), Egypt Correspondent, BBC News, since 2013 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.4000498 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gale |first=Robert L. |date=2000-02 |title=Adams, Franklin P. (15 November 1881–23 March 1960), newspaper columnist, humorist, and radio personality |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1600011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |series=American National Biography Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=WHAT IS FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION (FGM)? |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-4028-20180015 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Human Rights Documents Online}}</ref> Kigambibwa nti 73% y’abakazi n’abawala abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 baakolwako FGM mu The Gambia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tsegaw |first=Menen |last2=Mulat |first2=Bezawit |last3=Shitu |first3=Kegnie |date=2022-03-09 |title=Access to health care problem and associated factors among reproductive age women in Gambia: Using Gambia Demographic Health Survey 2019/20 |url=https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1397227/v1 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Baldeh yamaliriza diguli ya bachelor mu Psychology ne Health ku University of Wolverhampton era n’afuna diguli ya master mu sexual and reproductive health ku Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-01 |title=Join ASHA’s Efforts to Raise Awareness of World Hearing Day March 3 |url=https://doi.org/10.1044/2021-0301-asha-world-hearing-day-resources |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Blog post Digital Object Group}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hollinder |first=Brandon |date=2007 |title=How to Build a Better Truth Commission: Applying Lessons from Past Truth Commissions to the Selection of Commissioners for an Afghanistan Truth Commission |url=https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.958645 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Kati ali Ph.D. candidate ku Canterbury Christ Church University era Research Fellow ku Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia ku London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-01 |title=Meet Two of the “World’s Most Influential People” |url=https://doi.org/10.1200/acon.10.00084 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=ASCO Connection Post DOs Group}}</ref> == Okukola, okuwagira n’okumanyibwa == Oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza emisomo gye, yakolera mu Dignity Alert Research Forum e Edinburgh, ng’akola okunyweza eddembe ly’abakyala n’eddembe ly’abantu.[10]<ref>{{Cite book |date=1999-05-01 |title=Female genital mutilation |url=https://doi.org/10.1201/9781785230189-11 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-0-429-09120-9 |pages=17–24}}</ref> Yalondebwa nga director wa Dignity Alert Research Forum mu May 2015.[11] Mu 2013, Fatou yayogera mu lujjudde ku nsonga z’okusala abawala ebikoola by’obukyala mu Scotland. Ku 30 January 2014, yagenda mu Equal Opportunities Committee mu Palamenti ya Scotland, gyeyasabibwa okulaga enkola n’amateeka agalina okuteekebwawo okusobola okuziyiza abawala abato obutaba ba FGM mu Scotland. Oluvannyuma lw’okumala emyaka ng’asoma n’okukola ne NGOs ez’enjawulo ezikwatagana n’abantu ba BAME mu Scotland, Baldeh yakomawo e Gambia mu 2018. Yatandika ekibiina kya Women in Liberation and Leadership (WILL) oluvannyuma lw’okudda mu ggwanga lye.[13] WILL ekola okukyusa n’okukuuma obulamu n’eddembe ly’abakyala mu Gambia.[14] Ng’akolaganira wamu ne The Gambia’s Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission (TRRC), WILL yateekateeka ebifaananyi by’abakyala abali mu bufuzi bwa Yahya Jammeh obwamala emyaka 22, obwakomekkereza mu 2017. Obufuzi buno bwali bujjudde okutyoboola eddembe ly’abantu nga mwemuli Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV).[15] Mu January 2020, yaweebwa MBE okuva ku British High Commissioner mu Gambia, Sharon Wardle, olw’ebirabo bya Special Honours mu 2019, ng’akusiima emirimu gye egy’amaanyi n’okulwanirira abantu abato abaddugavu mu Scotland.[16] Mu March 2020, Baldeh yaweebwa The Sise Saweneh Award/Outstanding Woman of the Year olw’okukola ennyo mu kusitula abaana abawala n’abakyala mu Gambia.[17] Mu 2024, yafuna US State Department’s International Women of Courage Award[18] ne Geneva Summit Women’s Rights Award, ng’akusiima obukulembeze bwe mu kulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu.[19] Mu ntandikwa ya 2025, TIME yamuteeka mu bakazi ab’omwaka[20][21] era Pulezidenti wa Amerika Barack Obama yamusiima olw’okulwanyisa FGM ku lunaku lw’abakyala mu nsi yonna.[9] Ku mukolo ogwo, Harvard University yamuteeka mu bakazi 25 ab’amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[22] Oluvannyuma TIME yamuteeka mu lukalala lwabwe olwa 2025 olw’abantu 100 abasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[23] Mu October 2025, yali omu ku bantu 20 abawanguzi ba Albies Award eyaweebwa Clooney Foundation for Justice, ng’akusiima omulimu gwe ogw’amaanyi mu kukulembera okulwanyisa okugezaako okuggyawo ekiragiro ky’eggwanga lya Gambia ku FGM mu 2024.[24] == Ebyokulabirako == 5wcrabaj6lz1sgy7mduaxkgomrqfggt 75762 75761 2026-09-30T21:51:55Z MEvalyn 9841 75762 wikitext text/x-wiki Fatou Baldeh MBE (eyazaalibwa mu December 1983)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fay |first=Elizabeth |date=2021-03-24 |title=Letter III |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429349829-3 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-34982-9 |pages=21–30}}</ref> munnabyabufuzi w'abakyala okuva e Gambia era akola ku nsonga z'okumalawo okusala ebikoola by'abakyala (FGM).<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Bruce, Sir Robert, (26 Oct. 1871–27 March 1955), DL, JP |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u235200 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe obuto n’okusoma == Baldeh yakolebwa okukomola abakyala ng’alina emyaka musanvu era n’afuuka omuwanguzi w’okukomola, nga bwe kiri ku bakazi n’abawala bangi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Guerin, Orla, (born 15 May 1966), Egypt Correspondent, BBC News, since 2013 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.4000498 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gale |first=Robert L. |date=2000-02 |title=Adams, Franklin P. (15 November 1881–23 March 1960), newspaper columnist, humorist, and radio personality |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1600011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |series=American National Biography Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=WHAT IS FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION (FGM)? |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-4028-20180015 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Human Rights Documents Online}}</ref> Kigambibwa nti 73% y’abakazi n’abawala abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 baakolwako FGM mu The Gambia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tsegaw |first=Menen |last2=Mulat |first2=Bezawit |last3=Shitu |first3=Kegnie |date=2022-03-09 |title=Access to health care problem and associated factors among reproductive age women in Gambia: Using Gambia Demographic Health Survey 2019/20 |url=https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1397227/v1 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Baldeh yamaliriza diguli ya bachelor mu Psychology ne Health ku University of Wolverhampton era n’afuna diguli ya master mu sexual and reproductive health ku Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-01 |title=Join ASHA’s Efforts to Raise Awareness of World Hearing Day March 3 |url=https://doi.org/10.1044/2021-0301-asha-world-hearing-day-resources |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Blog post Digital Object Group}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hollinder |first=Brandon |date=2007 |title=How to Build a Better Truth Commission: Applying Lessons from Past Truth Commissions to the Selection of Commissioners for an Afghanistan Truth Commission |url=https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.958645 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Kati ali Ph.D. candidate ku Canterbury Christ Church University era Research Fellow ku Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia ku London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-01 |title=Meet Two of the “World’s Most Influential People” |url=https://doi.org/10.1200/acon.10.00084 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=ASCO Connection Post DOs Group}}</ref> == Okukola, okuwagira n’okumanyibwa == Oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza emisomo gye, yakolera mu Dignity Alert Research Forum e Edinburgh, ng’akola okunyweza eddembe ly’abakyala n’eddembe ly’abantu.[10]<ref>{{Cite book |date=1999-05-01 |title=Female genital mutilation |url=https://doi.org/10.1201/9781785230189-11 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-0-429-09120-9 |pages=17–24}}</ref> Yalondebwa nga director wa Dignity Alert Research Forum mu May 2015.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1984 |title=In-house Technical Information Retrieval Service in FUJITSU Limited, FIND |url=https://doi.org/10.1241/johokanri.27.349 |journal=Journal of Information Processing and Management |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=349–358 |doi=10.1241/johokanri.27.349 |issn=1347-1597}}</ref> Mu 2013, Fatou yayogera mu lujjudde ku nsonga z’okusala abawala ebikoola by’obukyala mu Scotland. Ku 30 January 2014, yagenda mu Equal Opportunities Committee mu Palamenti ya Scotland, gyeyasabibwa okulaga enkola n’amateeka agalina okuteekebwawo okusobola okuziyiza abawala abato obutaba ba FGM mu Scotland. Oluvannyuma lw’okumala emyaka ng’asoma n’okukola ne NGOs ez’enjawulo ezikwatagana n’abantu ba BAME mu Scotland, Baldeh yakomawo e Gambia mu 2018. Yatandika ekibiina kya Women in Liberation and Leadership (WILL) oluvannyuma lw’okudda mu ggwanga lye.[13] WILL ekola okukyusa n’okukuuma obulamu n’eddembe ly’abakyala mu Gambia.[14] Ng’akolaganira wamu ne The Gambia’s Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission (TRRC), WILL yateekateeka ebifaananyi by’abakyala abali mu bufuzi bwa Yahya Jammeh obwamala emyaka 22, obwakomekkereza mu 2017. Obufuzi buno bwali bujjudde okutyoboola eddembe ly’abantu nga mwemuli Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV).[15] Mu January 2020, yaweebwa MBE okuva ku British High Commissioner mu Gambia, Sharon Wardle, olw’ebirabo bya Special Honours mu 2019, ng’akusiima emirimu gye egy’amaanyi n’okulwanirira abantu abato abaddugavu mu Scotland.[16] Mu March 2020, Baldeh yaweebwa The Sise Saweneh Award/Outstanding Woman of the Year olw’okukola ennyo mu kusitula abaana abawala n’abakyala mu Gambia.[17] Mu 2024, yafuna US State Department’s International Women of Courage Award[18] ne Geneva Summit Women’s Rights Award, ng’akusiima obukulembeze bwe mu kulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu.[19] Mu ntandikwa ya 2025, TIME yamuteeka mu bakazi ab’omwaka[20][21] era Pulezidenti wa Amerika Barack Obama yamusiima olw’okulwanyisa FGM ku lunaku lw’abakyala mu nsi yonna.[9] Ku mukolo ogwo, Harvard University yamuteeka mu bakazi 25 ab’amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[22] Oluvannyuma TIME yamuteeka mu lukalala lwabwe olwa 2025 olw’abantu 100 abasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[23] Mu October 2025, yali omu ku bantu 20 abawanguzi ba Albies Award eyaweebwa Clooney Foundation for Justice, ng’akusiima omulimu gwe ogw’amaanyi mu kukulembera okulwanyisa okugezaako okuggyawo ekiragiro ky’eggwanga lya Gambia ku FGM mu 2024.[24] == Ebyokulabirako == 1tlyt0ilvabjma5warwqpr8m7b5ftb9 75763 75762 2026-09-30T21:52:37Z MEvalyn 9841 75763 wikitext text/x-wiki Fatou Baldeh MBE (eyazaalibwa mu December 1983)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fay |first=Elizabeth |date=2021-03-24 |title=Letter III |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429349829-3 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-34982-9 |pages=21–30}}</ref> munnabyabufuzi w'abakyala okuva e Gambia era akola ku nsonga z'okumalawo okusala ebikoola by'abakyala (FGM).<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Bruce, Sir Robert, (26 Oct. 1871–27 March 1955), DL, JP |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u235200 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe obuto n’okusoma == Baldeh yakolebwa okukomola abakyala ng’alina emyaka musanvu era n’afuuka omuwanguzi w’okukomola, nga bwe kiri ku bakazi n’abawala bangi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Guerin, Orla, (born 15 May 1966), Egypt Correspondent, BBC News, since 2013 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.4000498 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gale |first=Robert L. |date=2000-02 |title=Adams, Franklin P. (15 November 1881–23 March 1960), newspaper columnist, humorist, and radio personality |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1600011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |series=American National Biography Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=WHAT IS FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION (FGM)? |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-4028-20180015 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Human Rights Documents Online}}</ref> Kigambibwa nti 73% y’abakazi n’abawala abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 baakolwako FGM mu The Gambia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tsegaw |first=Menen |last2=Mulat |first2=Bezawit |last3=Shitu |first3=Kegnie |date=2022-03-09 |title=Access to health care problem and associated factors among reproductive age women in Gambia: Using Gambia Demographic Health Survey 2019/20 |url=https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1397227/v1 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Baldeh yamaliriza diguli ya bachelor mu Psychology ne Health ku University of Wolverhampton era n’afuna diguli ya master mu sexual and reproductive health ku Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-01 |title=Join ASHA’s Efforts to Raise Awareness of World Hearing Day March 3 |url=https://doi.org/10.1044/2021-0301-asha-world-hearing-day-resources |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Blog post Digital Object Group}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hollinder |first=Brandon |date=2007 |title=How to Build a Better Truth Commission: Applying Lessons from Past Truth Commissions to the Selection of Commissioners for an Afghanistan Truth Commission |url=https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.958645 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Kati ali Ph.D. candidate ku Canterbury Christ Church University era Research Fellow ku Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia ku London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-01 |title=Meet Two of the “World’s Most Influential People” |url=https://doi.org/10.1200/acon.10.00084 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=ASCO Connection Post DOs Group}}</ref> == Okukola, okuwagira n’okumanyibwa == Oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza emisomo gye, yakolera mu Dignity Alert Research Forum e Edinburgh, ng’akola okunyweza eddembe ly’abakyala n’eddembe ly’abantu.[10]<ref>{{Cite book |date=1999-05-01 |title=Female genital mutilation |url=https://doi.org/10.1201/9781785230189-11 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-0-429-09120-9 |pages=17–24}}</ref> Yalondebwa nga director wa Dignity Alert Research Forum mu May 2015.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1984 |title=In-house Technical Information Retrieval Service in FUJITSU Limited, FIND |url=https://doi.org/10.1241/johokanri.27.349 |journal=Journal of Information Processing and Management |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=349–358 |doi=10.1241/johokanri.27.349 |issn=1347-1597}}</ref> Mu 2013, Fatou yayogera mu lujjudde ku nsonga z’okusala abawala ebikoola by’obukyala mu Scotland. Ku 30 January 2014, yagenda mu Equal Opportunities Committee mu Palamenti ya Scotland, gyeyasabibwa okulaga enkola n’amateeka agalina okuteekebwawo okusobola okuziyiza abawala abato obutaba ba FGM mu Scotland.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Proudman |first=Charlotte |date=2022-02-03 |title=Female Genital Mutilation: An Overview |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198864608.003.0001 |publisher=Oxford University PressOxford |isbn=0-19-886460-4 |pages=1–30}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’okumala emyaka ng’asoma n’okukola ne NGOs ez’enjawulo ezikwatagana n’abantu ba BAME mu Scotland, Baldeh yakomawo e Gambia mu 2018. Yatandika ekibiina kya Women in Liberation and Leadership (WILL) oluvannyuma lw’okudda mu ggwanga lye.[13] WILL ekola okukyusa n’okukuuma obulamu n’eddembe ly’abakyala mu Gambia.[14] Ng’akolaganira wamu ne The Gambia’s Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission (TRRC), WILL yateekateeka ebifaananyi by’abakyala abali mu bufuzi bwa Yahya Jammeh obwamala emyaka 22, obwakomekkereza mu 2017. Obufuzi buno bwali bujjudde okutyoboola eddembe ly’abantu nga mwemuli Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV).[15] Mu January 2020, yaweebwa MBE okuva ku British High Commissioner mu Gambia, Sharon Wardle, olw’ebirabo bya Special Honours mu 2019, ng’akusiima emirimu gye egy’amaanyi n’okulwanirira abantu abato abaddugavu mu Scotland.[16] Mu March 2020, Baldeh yaweebwa The Sise Saweneh Award/Outstanding Woman of the Year olw’okukola ennyo mu kusitula abaana abawala n’abakyala mu Gambia.[17] Mu 2024, yafuna US State Department’s International Women of Courage Award[18] ne Geneva Summit Women’s Rights Award, ng’akusiima obukulembeze bwe mu kulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu.[19] Mu ntandikwa ya 2025, TIME yamuteeka mu bakazi ab’omwaka[20][21] era Pulezidenti wa Amerika Barack Obama yamusiima olw’okulwanyisa FGM ku lunaku lw’abakyala mu nsi yonna.[9] Ku mukolo ogwo, Harvard University yamuteeka mu bakazi 25 ab’amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[22] Oluvannyuma TIME yamuteeka mu lukalala lwabwe olwa 2025 olw’abantu 100 abasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[23] Mu October 2025, yali omu ku bantu 20 abawanguzi ba Albies Award eyaweebwa Clooney Foundation for Justice, ng’akusiima omulimu gwe ogw’amaanyi mu kukulembera okulwanyisa okugezaako okuggyawo ekiragiro ky’eggwanga lya Gambia ku FGM mu 2024.[24] == Ebyokulabirako == edi24bfzckotls0qnb63b10yk8mddmi 75764 75763 2026-09-30T21:53:43Z MEvalyn 9841 75764 wikitext text/x-wiki Fatou Baldeh MBE (eyazaalibwa mu December 1983)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fay |first=Elizabeth |date=2021-03-24 |title=Letter III |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429349829-3 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-34982-9 |pages=21–30}}</ref> munnabyabufuzi w'abakyala okuva e Gambia era akola ku nsonga z'okumalawo okusala ebikoola by'abakyala (FGM).<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Bruce, Sir Robert, (26 Oct. 1871–27 March 1955), DL, JP |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u235200 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe obuto n’okusoma == Baldeh yakolebwa okukomola abakyala ng’alina emyaka musanvu era n’afuuka omuwanguzi w’okukomola, nga bwe kiri ku bakazi n’abawala bangi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Guerin, Orla, (born 15 May 1966), Egypt Correspondent, BBC News, since 2013 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.4000498 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gale |first=Robert L. |date=2000-02 |title=Adams, Franklin P. (15 November 1881–23 March 1960), newspaper columnist, humorist, and radio personality |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1600011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |series=American National Biography Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=WHAT IS FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION (FGM)? |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-4028-20180015 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Human Rights Documents Online}}</ref> Kigambibwa nti 73% y’abakazi n’abawala abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 baakolwako FGM mu The Gambia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tsegaw |first=Menen |last2=Mulat |first2=Bezawit |last3=Shitu |first3=Kegnie |date=2022-03-09 |title=Access to health care problem and associated factors among reproductive age women in Gambia: Using Gambia Demographic Health Survey 2019/20 |url=https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1397227/v1 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Baldeh yamaliriza diguli ya bachelor mu Psychology ne Health ku University of Wolverhampton era n’afuna diguli ya master mu sexual and reproductive health ku Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-01 |title=Join ASHA’s Efforts to Raise Awareness of World Hearing Day March 3 |url=https://doi.org/10.1044/2021-0301-asha-world-hearing-day-resources |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Blog post Digital Object Group}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hollinder |first=Brandon |date=2007 |title=How to Build a Better Truth Commission: Applying Lessons from Past Truth Commissions to the Selection of Commissioners for an Afghanistan Truth Commission |url=https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.958645 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Kati ali Ph.D. candidate ku Canterbury Christ Church University era Research Fellow ku Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia ku London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-01 |title=Meet Two of the “World’s Most Influential People” |url=https://doi.org/10.1200/acon.10.00084 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=ASCO Connection Post DOs Group}}</ref> == Okukola, okuwagira n’okumanyibwa == Oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza emisomo gye, yakolera mu Dignity Alert Research Forum e Edinburgh, ng’akola okunyweza eddembe ly’abakyala n’eddembe ly’abantu.[10]<ref>{{Cite book |date=1999-05-01 |title=Female genital mutilation |url=https://doi.org/10.1201/9781785230189-11 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-0-429-09120-9 |pages=17–24}}</ref> Yalondebwa nga director wa Dignity Alert Research Forum mu May 2015.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1984 |title=In-house Technical Information Retrieval Service in FUJITSU Limited, FIND |url=https://doi.org/10.1241/johokanri.27.349 |journal=Journal of Information Processing and Management |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=349–358 |doi=10.1241/johokanri.27.349 |issn=1347-1597}}</ref> Mu 2013, Fatou yayogera mu lujjudde ku nsonga z’okusala abawala ebikoola by’obukyala mu Scotland. Ku 30 January 2014, yagenda mu Equal Opportunities Committee mu Palamenti ya Scotland, gyeyasabibwa okulaga enkola n’amateeka agalina okuteekebwawo okusobola okuziyiza abawala abato obutaba ba FGM mu Scotland.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Proudman |first=Charlotte |date=2022-02-03 |title=Female Genital Mutilation: An Overview |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198864608.003.0001 |publisher=Oxford University PressOxford |isbn=0-19-886460-4 |pages=1–30}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’okumala emyaka ng’asoma n’okukola ne NGOs ez’enjawulo ezikwatagana n’abantu ba BAME mu Scotland, Baldeh yakomawo e Gambia mu 2018. Yatandika ekibiina kya Women in Liberation and Leadership (WILL) oluvannyuma lw’okudda mu ggwanga lye.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bramberger |first=Andrea |date=2021-10-25 |title=Ways of Framing Safe Spaces |url=https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83982-250-620211006 |last2=Winter |first2=Kate |publisher=Emerald Publishing Limited |isbn=978-1-83982-251-3 |pages=33–50}}</ref> WILL ekola okukyusa n’okukuuma obulamu n’eddembe ly’abakyala mu Gambia.[14] Ng’akolaganira wamu ne The Gambia’s Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission (TRRC), WILL yateekateeka ebifaananyi by’abakyala abali mu bufuzi bwa Yahya Jammeh obwamala emyaka 22, obwakomekkereza mu 2017. Obufuzi buno bwali bujjudde okutyoboola eddembe ly’abantu nga mwemuli Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV).[15] Mu January 2020, yaweebwa MBE okuva ku British High Commissioner mu Gambia, Sharon Wardle, olw’ebirabo bya Special Honours mu 2019, ng’akusiima emirimu gye egy’amaanyi n’okulwanirira abantu abato abaddugavu mu Scotland.[16] Mu March 2020, Baldeh yaweebwa The Sise Saweneh Award/Outstanding Woman of the Year olw’okukola ennyo mu kusitula abaana abawala n’abakyala mu Gambia.[17] Mu 2024, yafuna US State Department’s International Women of Courage Award[18] ne Geneva Summit Women’s Rights Award, ng’akusiima obukulembeze bwe mu kulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu.[19] Mu ntandikwa ya 2025, TIME yamuteeka mu bakazi ab’omwaka[20][21] era Pulezidenti wa Amerika Barack Obama yamusiima olw’okulwanyisa FGM ku lunaku lw’abakyala mu nsi yonna.[9] Ku mukolo ogwo, Harvard University yamuteeka mu bakazi 25 ab’amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[22] Oluvannyuma TIME yamuteeka mu lukalala lwabwe olwa 2025 olw’abantu 100 abasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[23] Mu October 2025, yali omu ku bantu 20 abawanguzi ba Albies Award eyaweebwa Clooney Foundation for Justice, ng’akusiima omulimu gwe ogw’amaanyi mu kukulembera okulwanyisa okugezaako okuggyawo ekiragiro ky’eggwanga lya Gambia ku FGM mu 2024.[24] == Ebyokulabirako == 5cp2l808xgcf27qfgcbrbnf6udpv093 75765 75764 2026-09-30T21:55:20Z MEvalyn 9841 75765 wikitext text/x-wiki Fatou Baldeh MBE (eyazaalibwa mu December 1983)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fay |first=Elizabeth |date=2021-03-24 |title=Letter III |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429349829-3 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-34982-9 |pages=21–30}}</ref> munnabyabufuzi w'abakyala okuva e Gambia era akola ku nsonga z'okumalawo okusala ebikoola by'abakyala (FGM).<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Bruce, Sir Robert, (26 Oct. 1871–27 March 1955), DL, JP |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u235200 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe obuto n’okusoma == Baldeh yakolebwa okukomola abakyala ng’alina emyaka musanvu era n’afuuka omuwanguzi w’okukomola, nga bwe kiri ku bakazi n’abawala bangi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Guerin, Orla, (born 15 May 1966), Egypt Correspondent, BBC News, since 2013 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.4000498 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gale |first=Robert L. |date=2000-02 |title=Adams, Franklin P. (15 November 1881–23 March 1960), newspaper columnist, humorist, and radio personality |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1600011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |series=American National Biography Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=WHAT IS FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION (FGM)? |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-4028-20180015 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Human Rights Documents Online}}</ref> Kigambibwa nti 73% y’abakazi n’abawala abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 baakolwako FGM mu The Gambia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tsegaw |first=Menen |last2=Mulat |first2=Bezawit |last3=Shitu |first3=Kegnie |date=2022-03-09 |title=Access to health care problem and associated factors among reproductive age women in Gambia: Using Gambia Demographic Health Survey 2019/20 |url=https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1397227/v1 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Baldeh yamaliriza diguli ya bachelor mu Psychology ne Health ku University of Wolverhampton era n’afuna diguli ya master mu sexual and reproductive health ku Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-01 |title=Join ASHA’s Efforts to Raise Awareness of World Hearing Day March 3 |url=https://doi.org/10.1044/2021-0301-asha-world-hearing-day-resources |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Blog post Digital Object Group}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hollinder |first=Brandon |date=2007 |title=How to Build a Better Truth Commission: Applying Lessons from Past Truth Commissions to the Selection of Commissioners for an Afghanistan Truth Commission |url=https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.958645 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Kati ali Ph.D. candidate ku Canterbury Christ Church University era Research Fellow ku Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia ku London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-01 |title=Meet Two of the “World’s Most Influential People” |url=https://doi.org/10.1200/acon.10.00084 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=ASCO Connection Post DOs Group}}</ref> == Okukola, okuwagira n’okumanyibwa == Oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza emisomo gye, yakolera mu Dignity Alert Research Forum e Edinburgh, ng’akola okunyweza eddembe ly’abakyala n’eddembe ly’abantu.[10]<ref>{{Cite book |date=1999-05-01 |title=Female genital mutilation |url=https://doi.org/10.1201/9781785230189-11 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-0-429-09120-9 |pages=17–24}}</ref> Yalondebwa nga director wa Dignity Alert Research Forum mu May 2015.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1984 |title=In-house Technical Information Retrieval Service in FUJITSU Limited, FIND |url=https://doi.org/10.1241/johokanri.27.349 |journal=Journal of Information Processing and Management |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=349–358 |doi=10.1241/johokanri.27.349 |issn=1347-1597}}</ref> Mu 2013, Fatou yayogera mu lujjudde ku nsonga z’okusala abawala ebikoola by’obukyala mu Scotland. Ku 30 January 2014, yagenda mu Equal Opportunities Committee mu Palamenti ya Scotland, gyeyasabibwa okulaga enkola n’amateeka agalina okuteekebwawo okusobola okuziyiza abawala abato obutaba ba FGM mu Scotland.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Proudman |first=Charlotte |date=2022-02-03 |title=Female Genital Mutilation: An Overview |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198864608.003.0001 |publisher=Oxford University PressOxford |isbn=0-19-886460-4 |pages=1–30}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’okumala emyaka ng’asoma n’okukola ne NGOs ez’enjawulo ezikwatagana n’abantu ba BAME mu Scotland, Baldeh yakomawo e Gambia mu 2018. Yatandika ekibiina kya Women in Liberation and Leadership (WILL) oluvannyuma lw’okudda mu ggwanga lye.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bramberger |first=Andrea |date=2021-10-25 |title=Ways of Framing Safe Spaces |url=https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83982-250-620211006 |last2=Winter |first2=Kate |publisher=Emerald Publishing Limited |isbn=978-1-83982-251-3 |pages=33–50}}</ref> WILL ekola okukyusa n’okukuuma obulamu n’eddembe ly’abakyala mu Gambia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wilson |first=Shanika Lavi |date=2025-06-27 |title=Microaggressions, Misogynoir, and Liberation for Black Women in Higher Education Leadership |url=https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-0260-7.ch008 |last2=Graves |first2=Lorraine M. |publisher=IGI Global Scientific Publishing |isbn=979-8-3373-0260-7 |pages=171–228}}</ref> Ng’akolaganira wamu ne The Gambia’s Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission (TRRC), WILL yateekateeka ebifaananyi by’abakyala abali mu bufuzi bwa Yahya Jammeh obwamala emyaka 22, obwakomekkereza mu 2017. Obufuzi buno bwali bujjudde okutyoboola eddembe ly’abantu nga mwemuli Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV).[15] Mu January 2020, yaweebwa MBE okuva ku British High Commissioner mu Gambia, Sharon Wardle, olw’ebirabo bya Special Honours mu 2019, ng’akusiima emirimu gye egy’amaanyi n’okulwanirira abantu abato abaddugavu mu Scotland.[16] Mu March 2020, Baldeh yaweebwa The Sise Saweneh Award/Outstanding Woman of the Year olw’okukola ennyo mu kusitula abaana abawala n’abakyala mu Gambia.[17] Mu 2024, yafuna US State Department’s International Women of Courage Award[18] ne Geneva Summit Women’s Rights Award, ng’akusiima obukulembeze bwe mu kulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu.[19] Mu ntandikwa ya 2025, TIME yamuteeka mu bakazi ab’omwaka[20][21] era Pulezidenti wa Amerika Barack Obama yamusiima olw’okulwanyisa FGM ku lunaku lw’abakyala mu nsi yonna.[9] Ku mukolo ogwo, Harvard University yamuteeka mu bakazi 25 ab’amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[22] Oluvannyuma TIME yamuteeka mu lukalala lwabwe olwa 2025 olw’abantu 100 abasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[23] Mu October 2025, yali omu ku bantu 20 abawanguzi ba Albies Award eyaweebwa Clooney Foundation for Justice, ng’akusiima omulimu gwe ogw’amaanyi mu kukulembera okulwanyisa okugezaako okuggyawo ekiragiro ky’eggwanga lya Gambia ku FGM mu 2024.[24] == Ebyokulabirako == 6ot05l278yjqxbi0tbkb3wiv0qync4a 75766 75765 2026-09-30T21:57:02Z MEvalyn 9841 75766 wikitext text/x-wiki Fatou Baldeh MBE (eyazaalibwa mu December 1983)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fay |first=Elizabeth |date=2021-03-24 |title=Letter III |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429349829-3 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-34982-9 |pages=21–30}}</ref> munnabyabufuzi w'abakyala okuva e Gambia era akola ku nsonga z'okumalawo okusala ebikoola by'abakyala (FGM).<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Bruce, Sir Robert, (26 Oct. 1871–27 March 1955), DL, JP |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u235200 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe obuto n’okusoma == Baldeh yakolebwa okukomola abakyala ng’alina emyaka musanvu era n’afuuka omuwanguzi w’okukomola, nga bwe kiri ku bakazi n’abawala bangi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Guerin, Orla, (born 15 May 1966), Egypt Correspondent, BBC News, since 2013 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.4000498 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gale |first=Robert L. |date=2000-02 |title=Adams, Franklin P. (15 November 1881–23 March 1960), newspaper columnist, humorist, and radio personality |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1600011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |series=American National Biography Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=WHAT IS FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION (FGM)? |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-4028-20180015 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Human Rights Documents Online}}</ref> Kigambibwa nti 73% y’abakazi n’abawala abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 baakolwako FGM mu The Gambia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tsegaw |first=Menen |last2=Mulat |first2=Bezawit |last3=Shitu |first3=Kegnie |date=2022-03-09 |title=Access to health care problem and associated factors among reproductive age women in Gambia: Using Gambia Demographic Health Survey 2019/20 |url=https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1397227/v1 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Baldeh yamaliriza diguli ya bachelor mu Psychology ne Health ku University of Wolverhampton era n’afuna diguli ya master mu sexual and reproductive health ku Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-01 |title=Join ASHA’s Efforts to Raise Awareness of World Hearing Day March 3 |url=https://doi.org/10.1044/2021-0301-asha-world-hearing-day-resources |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Blog post Digital Object Group}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hollinder |first=Brandon |date=2007 |title=How to Build a Better Truth Commission: Applying Lessons from Past Truth Commissions to the Selection of Commissioners for an Afghanistan Truth Commission |url=https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.958645 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Kati ali Ph.D. candidate ku Canterbury Christ Church University era Research Fellow ku Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia ku London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-01 |title=Meet Two of the “World’s Most Influential People” |url=https://doi.org/10.1200/acon.10.00084 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=ASCO Connection Post DOs Group}}</ref> == Okukola, okuwagira n’okumanyibwa == Oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza emisomo gye, yakolera mu Dignity Alert Research Forum e Edinburgh, ng’akola okunyweza eddembe ly’abakyala n’eddembe ly’abantu.[10]<ref>{{Cite book |date=1999-05-01 |title=Female genital mutilation |url=https://doi.org/10.1201/9781785230189-11 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-0-429-09120-9 |pages=17–24}}</ref> Yalondebwa nga director wa Dignity Alert Research Forum mu May 2015.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1984 |title=In-house Technical Information Retrieval Service in FUJITSU Limited, FIND |url=https://doi.org/10.1241/johokanri.27.349 |journal=Journal of Information Processing and Management |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=349–358 |doi=10.1241/johokanri.27.349 |issn=1347-1597}}</ref> Mu 2013, Fatou yayogera mu lujjudde ku nsonga z’okusala abawala ebikoola by’obukyala mu Scotland. Ku 30 January 2014, yagenda mu Equal Opportunities Committee mu Palamenti ya Scotland, gyeyasabibwa okulaga enkola n’amateeka agalina okuteekebwawo okusobola okuziyiza abawala abato obutaba ba FGM mu Scotland.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Proudman |first=Charlotte |date=2022-02-03 |title=Female Genital Mutilation: An Overview |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198864608.003.0001 |publisher=Oxford University PressOxford |isbn=0-19-886460-4 |pages=1–30}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’okumala emyaka ng’asoma n’okukola ne NGOs ez’enjawulo ezikwatagana n’abantu ba BAME mu Scotland, Baldeh yakomawo e Gambia mu 2018. Yatandika ekibiina kya Women in Liberation and Leadership (WILL) oluvannyuma lw’okudda mu ggwanga lye.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bramberger |first=Andrea |date=2021-10-25 |title=Ways of Framing Safe Spaces |url=https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83982-250-620211006 |last2=Winter |first2=Kate |publisher=Emerald Publishing Limited |isbn=978-1-83982-251-3 |pages=33–50}}</ref> WILL ekola okukyusa n’okukuuma obulamu n’eddembe ly’abakyala mu Gambia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wilson |first=Shanika Lavi |date=2025-06-27 |title=Microaggressions, Misogynoir, and Liberation for Black Women in Higher Education Leadership |url=https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-0260-7.ch008 |last2=Graves |first2=Lorraine M. |publisher=IGI Global Scientific Publishing |isbn=979-8-3373-0260-7 |pages=171–228}}</ref> Ng’akolaganira wamu ne The Gambia’s Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission (TRRC), WILL yateekateeka ebifaananyi by’abakyala abali mu bufuzi bwa Yahya Jammeh obwamala emyaka 22, obwakomekkereza mu 2017. Obufuzi buno bwali bujjudde okutyoboola eddembe ly’abantu nga mwemuli Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wilson |first=Shanika Lavi |date=2025-06-27 |title=Microaggressions, Misogynoir, and Liberation for Black Women in Higher Education Leadership |url=https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-0260-7.ch008 |last2=Graves |first2=Lorraine M. |publisher=IGI Global Scientific Publishing |isbn=979-8-3373-0260-7 |pages=171–228}}</ref> Mu January 2020, yaweebwa MBE okuva ku British High Commissioner mu Gambia, Sharon Wardle, olw’ebirabo bya Special Honours mu 2019, ng’akusiima emirimu gye egy’amaanyi n’okulwanirira abantu abato abaddugavu mu Scotland.[16] Mu March 2020, Baldeh yaweebwa The Sise Saweneh Award/Outstanding Woman of the Year olw’okukola ennyo mu kusitula abaana abawala n’abakyala mu Gambia.[17] Mu 2024, yafuna US State Department’s International Women of Courage Award[18] ne Geneva Summit Women’s Rights Award, ng’akusiima obukulembeze bwe mu kulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu.[19] Mu ntandikwa ya 2025, TIME yamuteeka mu bakazi ab’omwaka[20][21] era Pulezidenti wa Amerika Barack Obama yamusiima olw’okulwanyisa FGM ku lunaku lw’abakyala mu nsi yonna.[9] Ku mukolo ogwo, Harvard University yamuteeka mu bakazi 25 ab’amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[22] Oluvannyuma TIME yamuteeka mu lukalala lwabwe olwa 2025 olw’abantu 100 abasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[23] Mu October 2025, yali omu ku bantu 20 abawanguzi ba Albies Award eyaweebwa Clooney Foundation for Justice, ng’akusiima omulimu gwe ogw’amaanyi mu kukulembera okulwanyisa okugezaako okuggyawo ekiragiro ky’eggwanga lya Gambia ku FGM mu 2024.[24] == Ebyokulabirako == nnza9eltzy1o7dawxph76t5ei2trs0w 75767 75766 2026-09-30T21:57:46Z MEvalyn 9841 Added citation 75767 wikitext text/x-wiki Fatou Baldeh MBE (eyazaalibwa mu December 1983)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fay |first=Elizabeth |date=2021-03-24 |title=Letter III |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429349829-3 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-34982-9 |pages=21–30}}</ref> munnabyabufuzi w'abakyala okuva e Gambia era akola ku nsonga z'okumalawo okusala ebikoola by'abakyala (FGM).<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Bruce, Sir Robert, (26 Oct. 1871–27 March 1955), DL, JP |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u235200 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe obuto n’okusoma == Baldeh yakolebwa okukomola abakyala ng’alina emyaka musanvu era n’afuuka omuwanguzi w’okukomola, nga bwe kiri ku bakazi n’abawala bangi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Guerin, Orla, (born 15 May 1966), Egypt Correspondent, BBC News, since 2013 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.4000498 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gale |first=Robert L. |date=2000-02 |title=Adams, Franklin P. (15 November 1881–23 March 1960), newspaper columnist, humorist, and radio personality |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1600011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |series=American National Biography Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=WHAT IS FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION (FGM)? |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-4028-20180015 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Human Rights Documents Online}}</ref> Kigambibwa nti 73% y’abakazi n’abawala abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 baakolwako FGM mu The Gambia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tsegaw |first=Menen |last2=Mulat |first2=Bezawit |last3=Shitu |first3=Kegnie |date=2022-03-09 |title=Access to health care problem and associated factors among reproductive age women in Gambia: Using Gambia Demographic Health Survey 2019/20 |url=https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1397227/v1 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Baldeh yamaliriza diguli ya bachelor mu Psychology ne Health ku University of Wolverhampton era n’afuna diguli ya master mu sexual and reproductive health ku Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-01 |title=Join ASHA’s Efforts to Raise Awareness of World Hearing Day March 3 |url=https://doi.org/10.1044/2021-0301-asha-world-hearing-day-resources |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Blog post Digital Object Group}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hollinder |first=Brandon |date=2007 |title=How to Build a Better Truth Commission: Applying Lessons from Past Truth Commissions to the Selection of Commissioners for an Afghanistan Truth Commission |url=https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.958645 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Kati ali Ph.D. candidate ku Canterbury Christ Church University era Research Fellow ku Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia ku London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-01 |title=Meet Two of the “World’s Most Influential People” |url=https://doi.org/10.1200/acon.10.00084 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=ASCO Connection Post DOs Group}}</ref> == Okukola, okuwagira n’okumanyibwa == Oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza emisomo gye, yakolera mu Dignity Alert Research Forum e Edinburgh, ng’akola okunyweza eddembe ly’abakyala n’eddembe ly’abantu.[10]<ref>{{Cite book |date=1999-05-01 |title=Female genital mutilation |url=https://doi.org/10.1201/9781785230189-11 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-0-429-09120-9 |pages=17–24}}</ref> Yalondebwa nga director wa Dignity Alert Research Forum mu May 2015.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1984 |title=In-house Technical Information Retrieval Service in FUJITSU Limited, FIND |url=https://doi.org/10.1241/johokanri.27.349 |journal=Journal of Information Processing and Management |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=349–358 |doi=10.1241/johokanri.27.349 |issn=1347-1597}}</ref> Mu 2013, Fatou yayogera mu lujjudde ku nsonga z’okusala abawala ebikoola by’obukyala mu Scotland. Ku 30 January 2014, yagenda mu Equal Opportunities Committee mu Palamenti ya Scotland, gyeyasabibwa okulaga enkola n’amateeka agalina okuteekebwawo okusobola okuziyiza abawala abato obutaba ba FGM mu Scotland.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Proudman |first=Charlotte |date=2022-02-03 |title=Female Genital Mutilation: An Overview |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198864608.003.0001 |publisher=Oxford University PressOxford |isbn=0-19-886460-4 |pages=1–30}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’okumala emyaka ng’asoma n’okukola ne NGOs ez’enjawulo ezikwatagana n’abantu ba BAME mu Scotland, Baldeh yakomawo e Gambia mu 2018. Yatandika ekibiina kya Women in Liberation and Leadership (WILL) oluvannyuma lw’okudda mu ggwanga lye.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bramberger |first=Andrea |date=2021-10-25 |title=Ways of Framing Safe Spaces |url=https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83982-250-620211006 |last2=Winter |first2=Kate |publisher=Emerald Publishing Limited |isbn=978-1-83982-251-3 |pages=33–50}}</ref> WILL ekola okukyusa n’okukuuma obulamu n’eddembe ly’abakyala mu Gambia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wilson |first=Shanika Lavi |date=2025-06-27 |title=Microaggressions, Misogynoir, and Liberation for Black Women in Higher Education Leadership |url=https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-0260-7.ch008 |last2=Graves |first2=Lorraine M. |publisher=IGI Global Scientific Publishing |isbn=979-8-3373-0260-7 |pages=171–228}}</ref> Ng’akolaganira wamu ne The Gambia’s Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission (TRRC), WILL yateekateeka ebifaananyi by’abakyala abali mu bufuzi bwa Yahya Jammeh obwamala emyaka 22, obwakomekkereza mu 2017. Obufuzi buno bwali bujjudde okutyoboola eddembe ly’abantu nga mwemuli Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wilson |first=Shanika Lavi |date=2025-06-27 |title=Microaggressions, Misogynoir, and Liberation for Black Women in Higher Education Leadership |url=https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-0260-7.ch008 |last2=Graves |first2=Lorraine M. |publisher=IGI Global Scientific Publishing |isbn=979-8-3373-0260-7 |pages=171–228}}</ref> Mu January 2020, yaweebwa MBE okuva ku British High Commissioner mu Gambia, Sharon Wardle, olw’ebirabo bya Special Honours mu 2019, ng’akusiima emirimu gye egy’amaanyi n’okulwanirira abantu abato abaddugavu mu Scotland.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Commonwealth Parliamentary Association Luncheon : A Speech Before Her Majesty the Queen at St Stephen’s Hall, Westminster 27 March 1953 |url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9781472581877.ch-007 |publisher=Cassell & Company Ltd |isbn=978-1-4725-8187-7}}</ref> Mu March 2020, Baldeh yaweebwa The Sise Saweneh Award/Outstanding Woman of the Year olw’okukola ennyo mu kusitula abaana abawala n’abakyala mu Gambia.[17] Mu 2024, yafuna US State Department’s International Women of Courage Award[18] ne Geneva Summit Women’s Rights Award, ng’akusiima obukulembeze bwe mu kulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu.[19] Mu ntandikwa ya 2025, TIME yamuteeka mu bakazi ab’omwaka[20][21] era Pulezidenti wa Amerika Barack Obama yamusiima olw’okulwanyisa FGM ku lunaku lw’abakyala mu nsi yonna.[9] Ku mukolo ogwo, Harvard University yamuteeka mu bakazi 25 ab’amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[22] Oluvannyuma TIME yamuteeka mu lukalala lwabwe olwa 2025 olw’abantu 100 abasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[23] Mu October 2025, yali omu ku bantu 20 abawanguzi ba Albies Award eyaweebwa Clooney Foundation for Justice, ng’akusiima omulimu gwe ogw’amaanyi mu kukulembera okulwanyisa okugezaako okuggyawo ekiragiro ky’eggwanga lya Gambia ku FGM mu 2024.[24] == Ebyokulabirako == 123gz8lo4mvhcd67z1n1xyldz3ow6gn 75768 75767 2026-09-30T21:58:21Z MEvalyn 9841 75768 wikitext text/x-wiki Fatou Baldeh MBE (eyazaalibwa mu December 1983)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fay |first=Elizabeth |date=2021-03-24 |title=Letter III |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429349829-3 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-34982-9 |pages=21–30}}</ref> munnabyabufuzi w'abakyala okuva e Gambia era akola ku nsonga z'okumalawo okusala ebikoola by'abakyala (FGM).<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Bruce, Sir Robert, (26 Oct. 1871–27 March 1955), DL, JP |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u235200 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe obuto n’okusoma == Baldeh yakolebwa okukomola abakyala ng’alina emyaka musanvu era n’afuuka omuwanguzi w’okukomola, nga bwe kiri ku bakazi n’abawala bangi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Guerin, Orla, (born 15 May 1966), Egypt Correspondent, BBC News, since 2013 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.4000498 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gale |first=Robert L. |date=2000-02 |title=Adams, Franklin P. (15 November 1881–23 March 1960), newspaper columnist, humorist, and radio personality |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1600011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |series=American National Biography Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=WHAT IS FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION (FGM)? |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-4028-20180015 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Human Rights Documents Online}}</ref> Kigambibwa nti 73% y’abakazi n’abawala abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 baakolwako FGM mu The Gambia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tsegaw |first=Menen |last2=Mulat |first2=Bezawit |last3=Shitu |first3=Kegnie |date=2022-03-09 |title=Access to health care problem and associated factors among reproductive age women in Gambia: Using Gambia Demographic Health Survey 2019/20 |url=https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1397227/v1 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Baldeh yamaliriza diguli ya bachelor mu Psychology ne Health ku University of Wolverhampton era n’afuna diguli ya master mu sexual and reproductive health ku Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-01 |title=Join ASHA’s Efforts to Raise Awareness of World Hearing Day March 3 |url=https://doi.org/10.1044/2021-0301-asha-world-hearing-day-resources |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Blog post Digital Object Group}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hollinder |first=Brandon |date=2007 |title=How to Build a Better Truth Commission: Applying Lessons from Past Truth Commissions to the Selection of Commissioners for an Afghanistan Truth Commission |url=https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.958645 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Kati ali Ph.D. candidate ku Canterbury Christ Church University era Research Fellow ku Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia ku London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-01 |title=Meet Two of the “World’s Most Influential People” |url=https://doi.org/10.1200/acon.10.00084 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=ASCO Connection Post DOs Group}}</ref> == Okukola, okuwagira n’okumanyibwa == Oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza emisomo gye, yakolera mu Dignity Alert Research Forum e Edinburgh, ng’akola okunyweza eddembe ly’abakyala n’eddembe ly’abantu.[10]<ref>{{Cite book |date=1999-05-01 |title=Female genital mutilation |url=https://doi.org/10.1201/9781785230189-11 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-0-429-09120-9 |pages=17–24}}</ref> Yalondebwa nga director wa Dignity Alert Research Forum mu May 2015.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1984 |title=In-house Technical Information Retrieval Service in FUJITSU Limited, FIND |url=https://doi.org/10.1241/johokanri.27.349 |journal=Journal of Information Processing and Management |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=349–358 |doi=10.1241/johokanri.27.349 |issn=1347-1597}}</ref> Mu 2013, Fatou yayogera mu lujjudde ku nsonga z’okusala abawala ebikoola by’obukyala mu Scotland. Ku 30 January 2014, yagenda mu Equal Opportunities Committee mu Palamenti ya Scotland, gyeyasabibwa okulaga enkola n’amateeka agalina okuteekebwawo okusobola okuziyiza abawala abato obutaba ba FGM mu Scotland.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Proudman |first=Charlotte |date=2022-02-03 |title=Female Genital Mutilation: An Overview |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198864608.003.0001 |publisher=Oxford University PressOxford |isbn=0-19-886460-4 |pages=1–30}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’okumala emyaka ng’asoma n’okukola ne NGOs ez’enjawulo ezikwatagana n’abantu ba BAME mu Scotland, Baldeh yakomawo e Gambia mu 2018. Yatandika ekibiina kya Women in Liberation and Leadership (WILL) oluvannyuma lw’okudda mu ggwanga lye.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bramberger |first=Andrea |date=2021-10-25 |title=Ways of Framing Safe Spaces |url=https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83982-250-620211006 |last2=Winter |first2=Kate |publisher=Emerald Publishing Limited |isbn=978-1-83982-251-3 |pages=33–50}}</ref> WILL ekola okukyusa n’okukuuma obulamu n’eddembe ly’abakyala mu Gambia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wilson |first=Shanika Lavi |date=2025-06-27 |title=Microaggressions, Misogynoir, and Liberation for Black Women in Higher Education Leadership |url=https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-0260-7.ch008 |last2=Graves |first2=Lorraine M. |publisher=IGI Global Scientific Publishing |isbn=979-8-3373-0260-7 |pages=171–228}}</ref> Ng’akolaganira wamu ne The Gambia’s Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission (TRRC), WILL yateekateeka ebifaananyi by’abakyala abali mu bufuzi bwa Yahya Jammeh obwamala emyaka 22, obwakomekkereza mu 2017. Obufuzi buno bwali bujjudde okutyoboola eddembe ly’abantu nga mwemuli Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wilson |first=Shanika Lavi |date=2025-06-27 |title=Microaggressions, Misogynoir, and Liberation for Black Women in Higher Education Leadership |url=https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-0260-7.ch008 |last2=Graves |first2=Lorraine M. |publisher=IGI Global Scientific Publishing |isbn=979-8-3373-0260-7 |pages=171–228}}</ref> Mu January 2020, yaweebwa MBE okuva ku British High Commissioner mu Gambia, Sharon Wardle, olw’ebirabo bya Special Honours mu 2019, ng’akusiima emirimu gye egy’amaanyi n’okulwanirira abantu abato abaddugavu mu Scotland.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Commonwealth Parliamentary Association Luncheon : A Speech Before Her Majesty the Queen at St Stephen’s Hall, Westminster 27 March 1953 |url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9781472581877.ch-007 |publisher=Cassell & Company Ltd |isbn=978-1-4725-8187-7}}</ref> Mu March 2020, Baldeh yaweebwa The Sise Saweneh Award/Outstanding Woman of the Year olw’okukola ennyo mu kusitula abaana abawala n’abakyala mu Gambia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statement by the Staff Representative on the Gambia March 23, 2020 |url=https://doi.org/10.5089/9781513540351.002.a005 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Mu 2024, yafuna US State Department’s International Women of Courage Award[18] ne Geneva Summit Women’s Rights Award, ng’akusiima obukulembeze bwe mu kulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu.[19] Mu ntandikwa ya 2025, TIME yamuteeka mu bakazi ab’omwaka[20][21] era Pulezidenti wa Amerika Barack Obama yamusiima olw’okulwanyisa FGM ku lunaku lw’abakyala mu nsi yonna.[9] Ku mukolo ogwo, Harvard University yamuteeka mu bakazi 25 ab’amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[22] Oluvannyuma TIME yamuteeka mu lukalala lwabwe olwa 2025 olw’abantu 100 abasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[23] Mu October 2025, yali omu ku bantu 20 abawanguzi ba Albies Award eyaweebwa Clooney Foundation for Justice, ng’akusiima omulimu gwe ogw’amaanyi mu kukulembera okulwanyisa okugezaako okuggyawo ekiragiro ky’eggwanga lya Gambia ku FGM mu 2024.[24] == Ebyokulabirako == s6hwgjqggj8im4aykoijvvxzuevscwz 75769 75768 2026-09-30T22:01:05Z MEvalyn 9841 75769 wikitext text/x-wiki Fatou Baldeh MBE (eyazaalibwa mu December 1983)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fay |first=Elizabeth |date=2021-03-24 |title=Letter III |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429349829-3 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-34982-9 |pages=21–30}}</ref> munnabyabufuzi w'abakyala okuva e Gambia era akola ku nsonga z'okumalawo okusala ebikoola by'abakyala (FGM).<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Bruce, Sir Robert, (26 Oct. 1871–27 March 1955), DL, JP |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u235200 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe obuto n’okusoma == Baldeh yakolebwa okukomola abakyala ng’alina emyaka musanvu era n’afuuka omuwanguzi w’okukomola, nga bwe kiri ku bakazi n’abawala bangi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Guerin, Orla, (born 15 May 1966), Egypt Correspondent, BBC News, since 2013 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.4000498 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gale |first=Robert L. |date=2000-02 |title=Adams, Franklin P. (15 November 1881–23 March 1960), newspaper columnist, humorist, and radio personality |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1600011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |series=American National Biography Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=WHAT IS FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION (FGM)? |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-4028-20180015 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Human Rights Documents Online}}</ref> Kigambibwa nti 73% y’abakazi n’abawala abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 baakolwako FGM mu The Gambia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tsegaw |first=Menen |last2=Mulat |first2=Bezawit |last3=Shitu |first3=Kegnie |date=2022-03-09 |title=Access to health care problem and associated factors among reproductive age women in Gambia: Using Gambia Demographic Health Survey 2019/20 |url=https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1397227/v1 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Baldeh yamaliriza diguli ya bachelor mu Psychology ne Health ku University of Wolverhampton era n’afuna diguli ya master mu sexual and reproductive health ku Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-01 |title=Join ASHA’s Efforts to Raise Awareness of World Hearing Day March 3 |url=https://doi.org/10.1044/2021-0301-asha-world-hearing-day-resources |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Blog post Digital Object Group}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hollinder |first=Brandon |date=2007 |title=How to Build a Better Truth Commission: Applying Lessons from Past Truth Commissions to the Selection of Commissioners for an Afghanistan Truth Commission |url=https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.958645 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Kati ali Ph.D. candidate ku Canterbury Christ Church University era Research Fellow ku Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia ku London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-01 |title=Meet Two of the “World’s Most Influential People” |url=https://doi.org/10.1200/acon.10.00084 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=ASCO Connection Post DOs Group}}</ref> == Okukola, okuwagira n’okumanyibwa == Oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza emisomo gye, yakolera mu Dignity Alert Research Forum e Edinburgh, ng’akola okunyweza eddembe ly’abakyala n’eddembe ly’abantu.[10]<ref>{{Cite book |date=1999-05-01 |title=Female genital mutilation |url=https://doi.org/10.1201/9781785230189-11 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-0-429-09120-9 |pages=17–24}}</ref> Yalondebwa nga director wa Dignity Alert Research Forum mu May 2015.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1984 |title=In-house Technical Information Retrieval Service in FUJITSU Limited, FIND |url=https://doi.org/10.1241/johokanri.27.349 |journal=Journal of Information Processing and Management |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=349–358 |doi=10.1241/johokanri.27.349 |issn=1347-1597}}</ref> Mu 2013, Fatou yayogera mu lujjudde ku nsonga z’okusala abawala ebikoola by’obukyala mu Scotland. Ku 30 January 2014, yagenda mu Equal Opportunities Committee mu Palamenti ya Scotland, gyeyasabibwa okulaga enkola n’amateeka agalina okuteekebwawo okusobola okuziyiza abawala abato obutaba ba FGM mu Scotland.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Proudman |first=Charlotte |date=2022-02-03 |title=Female Genital Mutilation: An Overview |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198864608.003.0001 |publisher=Oxford University PressOxford |isbn=0-19-886460-4 |pages=1–30}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’okumala emyaka ng’asoma n’okukola ne NGOs ez’enjawulo ezikwatagana n’abantu ba BAME mu Scotland, Baldeh yakomawo e Gambia mu 2018. Yatandika ekibiina kya Women in Liberation and Leadership (WILL) oluvannyuma lw’okudda mu ggwanga lye.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bramberger |first=Andrea |date=2021-10-25 |title=Ways of Framing Safe Spaces |url=https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83982-250-620211006 |last2=Winter |first2=Kate |publisher=Emerald Publishing Limited |isbn=978-1-83982-251-3 |pages=33–50}}</ref> WILL ekola okukyusa n’okukuuma obulamu n’eddembe ly’abakyala mu Gambia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wilson |first=Shanika Lavi |date=2025-06-27 |title=Microaggressions, Misogynoir, and Liberation for Black Women in Higher Education Leadership |url=https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-0260-7.ch008 |last2=Graves |first2=Lorraine M. |publisher=IGI Global Scientific Publishing |isbn=979-8-3373-0260-7 |pages=171–228}}</ref> Ng’akolaganira wamu ne The Gambia’s Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission (TRRC), WILL yateekateeka ebifaananyi by’abakyala abali mu bufuzi bwa Yahya Jammeh obwamala emyaka 22, obwakomekkereza mu 2017. Obufuzi buno bwali bujjudde okutyoboola eddembe ly’abantu nga mwemuli Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wilson |first=Shanika Lavi |date=2025-06-27 |title=Microaggressions, Misogynoir, and Liberation for Black Women in Higher Education Leadership |url=https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-0260-7.ch008 |last2=Graves |first2=Lorraine M. |publisher=IGI Global Scientific Publishing |isbn=979-8-3373-0260-7 |pages=171–228}}</ref> Mu January 2020, yaweebwa MBE okuva ku British High Commissioner mu Gambia, Sharon Wardle, olw’ebirabo bya Special Honours mu 2019, ng’akusiima emirimu gye egy’amaanyi n’okulwanirira abantu abato abaddugavu mu Scotland.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Commonwealth Parliamentary Association Luncheon : A Speech Before Her Majesty the Queen at St Stephen’s Hall, Westminster 27 March 1953 |url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9781472581877.ch-007 |publisher=Cassell & Company Ltd |isbn=978-1-4725-8187-7}}</ref> Mu March 2020, Baldeh yaweebwa The Sise Saweneh Award/Outstanding Woman of the Year olw’okukola ennyo mu kusitula abaana abawala n’abakyala mu Gambia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statement by the Staff Representative on the Gambia March 23, 2020 |url=https://doi.org/10.5089/9781513540351.002.a005 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Mu 2024, yafuna US State Department’s International Women of Courage Award<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bentler |first=Suzanne |date=2018-11-02 |title=State Innovation Model (SIM) Evaluation Report on Award Year 3 (AY3) Activities |url=https://doi.org/10.17077/rtl9-ewc4 |last2=Heeren |first2=Tessa |last3=Schultz Spinarski |first3=Rochelle |last4=McInroy |first4=Brooke |last5=Momany |first5=Elizabeth |last6=Damiano |first6=Peter |location=Iowa City, Iowa, USA}}</ref> ne Geneva Summit Women’s Rights Award, ng’akusiima obukulembeze bwe mu kulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu.[19] Mu ntandikwa ya 2025, TIME yamuteeka mu bakazi ab’omwaka[20][21] era Pulezidenti wa Amerika Barack Obama yamusiima olw’okulwanyisa FGM ku lunaku lw’abakyala mu nsi yonna.[9] Ku mukolo ogwo, Harvard University yamuteeka mu bakazi 25 ab’amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[22] Oluvannyuma TIME yamuteeka mu lukalala lwabwe olwa 2025 olw’abantu 100 abasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[23] Mu October 2025, yali omu ku bantu 20 abawanguzi ba Albies Award eyaweebwa Clooney Foundation for Justice, ng’akusiima omulimu gwe ogw’amaanyi mu kukulembera okulwanyisa okugezaako okuggyawo ekiragiro ky’eggwanga lya Gambia ku FGM mu 2024.[24] == Ebyokulabirako == htt2o80qljs5r0zd15q80qcy404c0c7 75770 75769 2026-09-30T22:01:49Z MEvalyn 9841 75770 wikitext text/x-wiki Fatou Baldeh MBE (eyazaalibwa mu December 1983)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fay |first=Elizabeth |date=2021-03-24 |title=Letter III |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429349829-3 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-34982-9 |pages=21–30}}</ref> munnabyabufuzi w'abakyala okuva e Gambia era akola ku nsonga z'okumalawo okusala ebikoola by'abakyala (FGM).<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Bruce, Sir Robert, (26 Oct. 1871–27 March 1955), DL, JP |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u235200 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe obuto n’okusoma == Baldeh yakolebwa okukomola abakyala ng’alina emyaka musanvu era n’afuuka omuwanguzi w’okukomola, nga bwe kiri ku bakazi n’abawala bangi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Guerin, Orla, (born 15 May 1966), Egypt Correspondent, BBC News, since 2013 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.4000498 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gale |first=Robert L. |date=2000-02 |title=Adams, Franklin P. (15 November 1881–23 March 1960), newspaper columnist, humorist, and radio personality |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1600011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |series=American National Biography Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=WHAT IS FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION (FGM)? |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-4028-20180015 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Human Rights Documents Online}}</ref> Kigambibwa nti 73% y’abakazi n’abawala abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 baakolwako FGM mu The Gambia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tsegaw |first=Menen |last2=Mulat |first2=Bezawit |last3=Shitu |first3=Kegnie |date=2022-03-09 |title=Access to health care problem and associated factors among reproductive age women in Gambia: Using Gambia Demographic Health Survey 2019/20 |url=https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1397227/v1 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Baldeh yamaliriza diguli ya bachelor mu Psychology ne Health ku University of Wolverhampton era n’afuna diguli ya master mu sexual and reproductive health ku Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-01 |title=Join ASHA’s Efforts to Raise Awareness of World Hearing Day March 3 |url=https://doi.org/10.1044/2021-0301-asha-world-hearing-day-resources |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Blog post Digital Object Group}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hollinder |first=Brandon |date=2007 |title=How to Build a Better Truth Commission: Applying Lessons from Past Truth Commissions to the Selection of Commissioners for an Afghanistan Truth Commission |url=https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.958645 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Kati ali Ph.D. candidate ku Canterbury Christ Church University era Research Fellow ku Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia ku London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-01 |title=Meet Two of the “World’s Most Influential People” |url=https://doi.org/10.1200/acon.10.00084 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=ASCO Connection Post DOs Group}}</ref> == Okukola, okuwagira n’okumanyibwa == Oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza emisomo gye, yakolera mu Dignity Alert Research Forum e Edinburgh, ng’akola okunyweza eddembe ly’abakyala n’eddembe ly’abantu.[10]<ref>{{Cite book |date=1999-05-01 |title=Female genital mutilation |url=https://doi.org/10.1201/9781785230189-11 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-0-429-09120-9 |pages=17–24}}</ref> Yalondebwa nga director wa Dignity Alert Research Forum mu May 2015.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1984 |title=In-house Technical Information Retrieval Service in FUJITSU Limited, FIND |url=https://doi.org/10.1241/johokanri.27.349 |journal=Journal of Information Processing and Management |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=349–358 |doi=10.1241/johokanri.27.349 |issn=1347-1597}}</ref> Mu 2013, Fatou yayogera mu lujjudde ku nsonga z’okusala abawala ebikoola by’obukyala mu Scotland. Ku 30 January 2014, yagenda mu Equal Opportunities Committee mu Palamenti ya Scotland, gyeyasabibwa okulaga enkola n’amateeka agalina okuteekebwawo okusobola okuziyiza abawala abato obutaba ba FGM mu Scotland.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Proudman |first=Charlotte |date=2022-02-03 |title=Female Genital Mutilation: An Overview |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198864608.003.0001 |publisher=Oxford University PressOxford |isbn=0-19-886460-4 |pages=1–30}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’okumala emyaka ng’asoma n’okukola ne NGOs ez’enjawulo ezikwatagana n’abantu ba BAME mu Scotland, Baldeh yakomawo e Gambia mu 2018. Yatandika ekibiina kya Women in Liberation and Leadership (WILL) oluvannyuma lw’okudda mu ggwanga lye.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bramberger |first=Andrea |date=2021-10-25 |title=Ways of Framing Safe Spaces |url=https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83982-250-620211006 |last2=Winter |first2=Kate |publisher=Emerald Publishing Limited |isbn=978-1-83982-251-3 |pages=33–50}}</ref> WILL ekola okukyusa n’okukuuma obulamu n’eddembe ly’abakyala mu Gambia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wilson |first=Shanika Lavi |date=2025-06-27 |title=Microaggressions, Misogynoir, and Liberation for Black Women in Higher Education Leadership |url=https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-0260-7.ch008 |last2=Graves |first2=Lorraine M. |publisher=IGI Global Scientific Publishing |isbn=979-8-3373-0260-7 |pages=171–228}}</ref> Ng’akolaganira wamu ne The Gambia’s Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission (TRRC), WILL yateekateeka ebifaananyi by’abakyala abali mu bufuzi bwa Yahya Jammeh obwamala emyaka 22, obwakomekkereza mu 2017. Obufuzi buno bwali bujjudde okutyoboola eddembe ly’abantu nga mwemuli Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wilson |first=Shanika Lavi |date=2025-06-27 |title=Microaggressions, Misogynoir, and Liberation for Black Women in Higher Education Leadership |url=https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-0260-7.ch008 |last2=Graves |first2=Lorraine M. |publisher=IGI Global Scientific Publishing |isbn=979-8-3373-0260-7 |pages=171–228}}</ref> Mu January 2020, yaweebwa MBE okuva ku British High Commissioner mu Gambia, Sharon Wardle, olw’ebirabo bya Special Honours mu 2019, ng’akusiima emirimu gye egy’amaanyi n’okulwanirira abantu abato abaddugavu mu Scotland.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Commonwealth Parliamentary Association Luncheon : A Speech Before Her Majesty the Queen at St Stephen’s Hall, Westminster 27 March 1953 |url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9781472581877.ch-007 |publisher=Cassell & Company Ltd |isbn=978-1-4725-8187-7}}</ref> Mu March 2020, Baldeh yaweebwa The Sise Saweneh Award/Outstanding Woman of the Year olw’okukola ennyo mu kusitula abaana abawala n’abakyala mu Gambia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statement by the Staff Representative on the Gambia March 23, 2020 |url=https://doi.org/10.5089/9781513540351.002.a005 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Mu 2024, yafuna US State Department’s International Women of Courage Award<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bentler |first=Suzanne |date=2018-11-02 |title=State Innovation Model (SIM) Evaluation Report on Award Year 3 (AY3) Activities |url=https://doi.org/10.17077/rtl9-ewc4 |last2=Heeren |first2=Tessa |last3=Schultz Spinarski |first3=Rochelle |last4=McInroy |first4=Brooke |last5=Momany |first5=Elizabeth |last6=Damiano |first6=Peter |location=Iowa City, Iowa, USA}}</ref> ne Geneva Summit Women’s Rights Award, ng’akusiima obukulembeze bwe mu kulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=INTERNATIONAL WOMEN'S RIGHTS COALITION CALLS ON MONTREAL SUMMIT OF WOMEN FOREIGN MINISTERS TO CHAMPION WOMEN HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS AT UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-9825-20180017 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Human Rights Documents Online}}</ref> Mu ntandikwa ya 2025, TIME yamuteeka mu bakazi ab’omwaka[20][21] era Pulezidenti wa Amerika Barack Obama yamusiima olw’okulwanyisa FGM ku lunaku lw’abakyala mu nsi yonna.[9] Ku mukolo ogwo, Harvard University yamuteeka mu bakazi 25 ab’amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[22] Oluvannyuma TIME yamuteeka mu lukalala lwabwe olwa 2025 olw’abantu 100 abasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[23] Mu October 2025, yali omu ku bantu 20 abawanguzi ba Albies Award eyaweebwa Clooney Foundation for Justice, ng’akusiima omulimu gwe ogw’amaanyi mu kukulembera okulwanyisa okugezaako okuggyawo ekiragiro ky’eggwanga lya Gambia ku FGM mu 2024.[24] == Ebyokulabirako == gz8uybj6694g7pqbyqx7ioihi7xpx02 75771 75770 2026-09-30T22:04:00Z MEvalyn 9841 75771 wikitext text/x-wiki Fatou Baldeh MBE (eyazaalibwa mu December 1983)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fay |first=Elizabeth |date=2021-03-24 |title=Letter III |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429349829-3 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-34982-9 |pages=21–30}}</ref> munnabyabufuzi w'abakyala okuva e Gambia era akola ku nsonga z'okumalawo okusala ebikoola by'abakyala (FGM).<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Bruce, Sir Robert, (26 Oct. 1871–27 March 1955), DL, JP |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u235200 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe obuto n’okusoma == Baldeh yakolebwa okukomola abakyala ng’alina emyaka musanvu era n’afuuka omuwanguzi w’okukomola, nga bwe kiri ku bakazi n’abawala bangi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Guerin, Orla, (born 15 May 1966), Egypt Correspondent, BBC News, since 2013 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.4000498 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gale |first=Robert L. |date=2000-02 |title=Adams, Franklin P. (15 November 1881–23 March 1960), newspaper columnist, humorist, and radio personality |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1600011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |series=American National Biography Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=WHAT IS FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION (FGM)? |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-4028-20180015 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Human Rights Documents Online}}</ref> Kigambibwa nti 73% y’abakazi n’abawala abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 baakolwako FGM mu The Gambia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tsegaw |first=Menen |last2=Mulat |first2=Bezawit |last3=Shitu |first3=Kegnie |date=2022-03-09 |title=Access to health care problem and associated factors among reproductive age women in Gambia: Using Gambia Demographic Health Survey 2019/20 |url=https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1397227/v1 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Baldeh yamaliriza diguli ya bachelor mu Psychology ne Health ku University of Wolverhampton era n’afuna diguli ya master mu sexual and reproductive health ku Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-01 |title=Join ASHA’s Efforts to Raise Awareness of World Hearing Day March 3 |url=https://doi.org/10.1044/2021-0301-asha-world-hearing-day-resources |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Blog post Digital Object Group}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hollinder |first=Brandon |date=2007 |title=How to Build a Better Truth Commission: Applying Lessons from Past Truth Commissions to the Selection of Commissioners for an Afghanistan Truth Commission |url=https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.958645 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Kati ali Ph.D. candidate ku Canterbury Christ Church University era Research Fellow ku Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia ku London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-01 |title=Meet Two of the “World’s Most Influential People” |url=https://doi.org/10.1200/acon.10.00084 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=ASCO Connection Post DOs Group}}</ref> == Okukola, okuwagira n’okumanyibwa == Oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza emisomo gye, yakolera mu Dignity Alert Research Forum e Edinburgh, ng’akola okunyweza eddembe ly’abakyala n’eddembe ly’abantu.[10]<ref>{{Cite book |date=1999-05-01 |title=Female genital mutilation |url=https://doi.org/10.1201/9781785230189-11 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-0-429-09120-9 |pages=17–24}}</ref> Yalondebwa nga director wa Dignity Alert Research Forum mu May 2015.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1984 |title=In-house Technical Information Retrieval Service in FUJITSU Limited, FIND |url=https://doi.org/10.1241/johokanri.27.349 |journal=Journal of Information Processing and Management |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=349–358 |doi=10.1241/johokanri.27.349 |issn=1347-1597}}</ref> Mu 2013, Fatou yayogera mu lujjudde ku nsonga z’okusala abawala ebikoola by’obukyala mu Scotland. Ku 30 January 2014, yagenda mu Equal Opportunities Committee mu Palamenti ya Scotland, gyeyasabibwa okulaga enkola n’amateeka agalina okuteekebwawo okusobola okuziyiza abawala abato obutaba ba FGM mu Scotland.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Proudman |first=Charlotte |date=2022-02-03 |title=Female Genital Mutilation: An Overview |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198864608.003.0001 |publisher=Oxford University PressOxford |isbn=0-19-886460-4 |pages=1–30}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’okumala emyaka ng’asoma n’okukola ne NGOs ez’enjawulo ezikwatagana n’abantu ba BAME mu Scotland, Baldeh yakomawo e Gambia mu 2018. Yatandika ekibiina kya Women in Liberation and Leadership (WILL) oluvannyuma lw’okudda mu ggwanga lye.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bramberger |first=Andrea |date=2021-10-25 |title=Ways of Framing Safe Spaces |url=https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83982-250-620211006 |last2=Winter |first2=Kate |publisher=Emerald Publishing Limited |isbn=978-1-83982-251-3 |pages=33–50}}</ref> WILL ekola okukyusa n’okukuuma obulamu n’eddembe ly’abakyala mu Gambia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wilson |first=Shanika Lavi |date=2025-06-27 |title=Microaggressions, Misogynoir, and Liberation for Black Women in Higher Education Leadership |url=https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-0260-7.ch008 |last2=Graves |first2=Lorraine M. |publisher=IGI Global Scientific Publishing |isbn=979-8-3373-0260-7 |pages=171–228}}</ref> Ng’akolaganira wamu ne The Gambia’s Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission (TRRC), WILL yateekateeka ebifaananyi by’abakyala abali mu bufuzi bwa Yahya Jammeh obwamala emyaka 22, obwakomekkereza mu 2017. Obufuzi buno bwali bujjudde okutyoboola eddembe ly’abantu nga mwemuli Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wilson |first=Shanika Lavi |date=2025-06-27 |title=Microaggressions, Misogynoir, and Liberation for Black Women in Higher Education Leadership |url=https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-0260-7.ch008 |last2=Graves |first2=Lorraine M. |publisher=IGI Global Scientific Publishing |isbn=979-8-3373-0260-7 |pages=171–228}}</ref> Mu January 2020, yaweebwa MBE okuva ku British High Commissioner mu Gambia, Sharon Wardle, olw’ebirabo bya Special Honours mu 2019, ng’akusiima emirimu gye egy’amaanyi n’okulwanirira abantu abato abaddugavu mu Scotland.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Commonwealth Parliamentary Association Luncheon : A Speech Before Her Majesty the Queen at St Stephen’s Hall, Westminster 27 March 1953 |url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9781472581877.ch-007 |publisher=Cassell & Company Ltd |isbn=978-1-4725-8187-7}}</ref> Mu March 2020, Baldeh yaweebwa The Sise Saweneh Award/Outstanding Woman of the Year olw’okukola ennyo mu kusitula abaana abawala n’abakyala mu Gambia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statement by the Staff Representative on the Gambia March 23, 2020 |url=https://doi.org/10.5089/9781513540351.002.a005 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Mu 2024, yafuna US State Department’s International Women of Courage Award<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bentler |first=Suzanne |date=2018-11-02 |title=State Innovation Model (SIM) Evaluation Report on Award Year 3 (AY3) Activities |url=https://doi.org/10.17077/rtl9-ewc4 |last2=Heeren |first2=Tessa |last3=Schultz Spinarski |first3=Rochelle |last4=McInroy |first4=Brooke |last5=Momany |first5=Elizabeth |last6=Damiano |first6=Peter |location=Iowa City, Iowa, USA}}</ref> ne Geneva Summit Women’s Rights Award, ng’akusiima obukulembeze bwe mu kulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=INTERNATIONAL WOMEN'S RIGHTS COALITION CALLS ON MONTREAL SUMMIT OF WOMEN FOREIGN MINISTERS TO CHAMPION WOMEN HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS AT UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-9825-20180017 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Human Rights Documents Online}}</ref> Mu ntandikwa ya 2025, TIME yamuteeka mu bakazi ab’omwaka<ref>{{Cite web |last=Walsh |first=Molly |date=2025-02-20 |title=Time Magazine unveils 2025 Women of the Year. See who made the list. |url=https://www.cleveland.com/nation/2025/02/time-magazine-unveils-2025-women-of-the-year-see-who-made-the-list.html |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=cleveland |language=en}}</ref>[20][21] era Pulezidenti wa Amerika Barack Obama yamusiima olw’okulwanyisa FGM ku lunaku lw’abakyala mu nsi yonna.[9] Ku mukolo ogwo, Harvard University yamuteeka mu bakazi 25 ab’amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[22] Oluvannyuma TIME yamuteeka mu lukalala lwabwe olwa 2025 olw’abantu 100 abasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[23] Mu October 2025, yali omu ku bantu 20 abawanguzi ba Albies Award eyaweebwa Clooney Foundation for Justice, ng’akusiima omulimu gwe ogw’amaanyi mu kukulembera okulwanyisa okugezaako okuggyawo ekiragiro ky’eggwanga lya Gambia ku FGM mu 2024.[24] == Ebyokulabirako == dn14p49x4tqaufe6h6k0mfzan675m0p 75772 75771 2026-09-30T22:04:55Z MEvalyn 9841 Added citation 75772 wikitext text/x-wiki Fatou Baldeh MBE (eyazaalibwa mu December 1983)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fay |first=Elizabeth |date=2021-03-24 |title=Letter III |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429349829-3 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-34982-9 |pages=21–30}}</ref> munnabyabufuzi w'abakyala okuva e Gambia era akola ku nsonga z'okumalawo okusala ebikoola by'abakyala (FGM).<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Bruce, Sir Robert, (26 Oct. 1871–27 March 1955), DL, JP |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u235200 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe obuto n’okusoma == Baldeh yakolebwa okukomola abakyala ng’alina emyaka musanvu era n’afuuka omuwanguzi w’okukomola, nga bwe kiri ku bakazi n’abawala bangi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Guerin, Orla, (born 15 May 1966), Egypt Correspondent, BBC News, since 2013 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.4000498 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gale |first=Robert L. |date=2000-02 |title=Adams, Franklin P. (15 November 1881–23 March 1960), newspaper columnist, humorist, and radio personality |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1600011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |series=American National Biography Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=WHAT IS FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION (FGM)? |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-4028-20180015 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Human Rights Documents Online}}</ref> Kigambibwa nti 73% y’abakazi n’abawala abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 baakolwako FGM mu The Gambia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tsegaw |first=Menen |last2=Mulat |first2=Bezawit |last3=Shitu |first3=Kegnie |date=2022-03-09 |title=Access to health care problem and associated factors among reproductive age women in Gambia: Using Gambia Demographic Health Survey 2019/20 |url=https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1397227/v1 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Baldeh yamaliriza diguli ya bachelor mu Psychology ne Health ku University of Wolverhampton era n’afuna diguli ya master mu sexual and reproductive health ku Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-01 |title=Join ASHA’s Efforts to Raise Awareness of World Hearing Day March 3 |url=https://doi.org/10.1044/2021-0301-asha-world-hearing-day-resources |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Blog post Digital Object Group}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hollinder |first=Brandon |date=2007 |title=How to Build a Better Truth Commission: Applying Lessons from Past Truth Commissions to the Selection of Commissioners for an Afghanistan Truth Commission |url=https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.958645 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Kati ali Ph.D. candidate ku Canterbury Christ Church University era Research Fellow ku Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia ku London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-01 |title=Meet Two of the “World’s Most Influential People” |url=https://doi.org/10.1200/acon.10.00084 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=ASCO Connection Post DOs Group}}</ref> == Okukola, okuwagira n’okumanyibwa == Oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza emisomo gye, yakolera mu Dignity Alert Research Forum e Edinburgh, ng’akola okunyweza eddembe ly’abakyala n’eddembe ly’abantu.[10]<ref>{{Cite book |date=1999-05-01 |title=Female genital mutilation |url=https://doi.org/10.1201/9781785230189-11 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-0-429-09120-9 |pages=17–24}}</ref> Yalondebwa nga director wa Dignity Alert Research Forum mu May 2015.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1984 |title=In-house Technical Information Retrieval Service in FUJITSU Limited, FIND |url=https://doi.org/10.1241/johokanri.27.349 |journal=Journal of Information Processing and Management |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=349–358 |doi=10.1241/johokanri.27.349 |issn=1347-1597}}</ref> Mu 2013, Fatou yayogera mu lujjudde ku nsonga z’okusala abawala ebikoola by’obukyala mu Scotland. Ku 30 January 2014, yagenda mu Equal Opportunities Committee mu Palamenti ya Scotland, gyeyasabibwa okulaga enkola n’amateeka agalina okuteekebwawo okusobola okuziyiza abawala abato obutaba ba FGM mu Scotland.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Proudman |first=Charlotte |date=2022-02-03 |title=Female Genital Mutilation: An Overview |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198864608.003.0001 |publisher=Oxford University PressOxford |isbn=0-19-886460-4 |pages=1–30}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’okumala emyaka ng’asoma n’okukola ne NGOs ez’enjawulo ezikwatagana n’abantu ba BAME mu Scotland, Baldeh yakomawo e Gambia mu 2018. Yatandika ekibiina kya Women in Liberation and Leadership (WILL) oluvannyuma lw’okudda mu ggwanga lye.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bramberger |first=Andrea |date=2021-10-25 |title=Ways of Framing Safe Spaces |url=https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83982-250-620211006 |last2=Winter |first2=Kate |publisher=Emerald Publishing Limited |isbn=978-1-83982-251-3 |pages=33–50}}</ref> WILL ekola okukyusa n’okukuuma obulamu n’eddembe ly’abakyala mu Gambia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wilson |first=Shanika Lavi |date=2025-06-27 |title=Microaggressions, Misogynoir, and Liberation for Black Women in Higher Education Leadership |url=https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-0260-7.ch008 |last2=Graves |first2=Lorraine M. |publisher=IGI Global Scientific Publishing |isbn=979-8-3373-0260-7 |pages=171–228}}</ref> Ng’akolaganira wamu ne The Gambia’s Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission (TRRC), WILL yateekateeka ebifaananyi by’abakyala abali mu bufuzi bwa Yahya Jammeh obwamala emyaka 22, obwakomekkereza mu 2017. Obufuzi buno bwali bujjudde okutyoboola eddembe ly’abantu nga mwemuli Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wilson |first=Shanika Lavi |date=2025-06-27 |title=Microaggressions, Misogynoir, and Liberation for Black Women in Higher Education Leadership |url=https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-0260-7.ch008 |last2=Graves |first2=Lorraine M. |publisher=IGI Global Scientific Publishing |isbn=979-8-3373-0260-7 |pages=171–228}}</ref> Mu January 2020, yaweebwa MBE okuva ku British High Commissioner mu Gambia, Sharon Wardle, olw’ebirabo bya Special Honours mu 2019, ng’akusiima emirimu gye egy’amaanyi n’okulwanirira abantu abato abaddugavu mu Scotland.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Commonwealth Parliamentary Association Luncheon : A Speech Before Her Majesty the Queen at St Stephen’s Hall, Westminster 27 March 1953 |url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9781472581877.ch-007 |publisher=Cassell & Company Ltd |isbn=978-1-4725-8187-7}}</ref> Mu March 2020, Baldeh yaweebwa The Sise Saweneh Award/Outstanding Woman of the Year olw’okukola ennyo mu kusitula abaana abawala n’abakyala mu Gambia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statement by the Staff Representative on the Gambia March 23, 2020 |url=https://doi.org/10.5089/9781513540351.002.a005 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Mu 2024, yafuna US State Department’s International Women of Courage Award<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bentler |first=Suzanne |date=2018-11-02 |title=State Innovation Model (SIM) Evaluation Report on Award Year 3 (AY3) Activities |url=https://doi.org/10.17077/rtl9-ewc4 |last2=Heeren |first2=Tessa |last3=Schultz Spinarski |first3=Rochelle |last4=McInroy |first4=Brooke |last5=Momany |first5=Elizabeth |last6=Damiano |first6=Peter |location=Iowa City, Iowa, USA}}</ref> ne Geneva Summit Women’s Rights Award, ng’akusiima obukulembeze bwe mu kulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=INTERNATIONAL WOMEN'S RIGHTS COALITION CALLS ON MONTREAL SUMMIT OF WOMEN FOREIGN MINISTERS TO CHAMPION WOMEN HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS AT UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-9825-20180017 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Human Rights Documents Online}}</ref> Mu ntandikwa ya 2025, TIME yamuteeka mu bakazi ab’omwaka<ref>{{Cite web |last=Walsh |first=Molly |date=2025-02-20 |title=Time Magazine unveils 2025 Women of the Year. See who made the list. |url=https://www.cleveland.com/nation/2025/02/time-magazine-unveils-2025-women-of-the-year-see-who-made-the-list.html |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=cleveland |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Jeyaretnam |first=Miranda |title=2025 TIME Women of the Year Gala: Honorees’ Toasts |url=https://time.com/7225476/women-of-the-year-gala-2025-kidman-munn-baldeh-wilson-babineaux-fontenot/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250923013242/https://time.com/7225476/women-of-the-year-gala-2025-kidman-munn-baldeh-wilson-babineaux-fontenot/ |archive-date=2025-09-23 |access-date=2026-09-30 |work=TIME |language=en}}</ref> era Pulezidenti wa Amerika Barack Obama yamusiima olw’okulwanyisa FGM ku lunaku lw’abakyala mu nsi yonna.[9] Ku mukolo ogwo, Harvard University yamuteeka mu bakazi 25 ab’amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[22] Oluvannyuma TIME yamuteeka mu lukalala lwabwe olwa 2025 olw’abantu 100 abasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna.[23] Mu October 2025, yali omu ku bantu 20 abawanguzi ba Albies Award eyaweebwa Clooney Foundation for Justice, ng’akusiima omulimu gwe ogw’amaanyi mu kukulembera okulwanyisa okugezaako okuggyawo ekiragiro ky’eggwanga lya Gambia ku FGM mu 2024.[24] == Ebyokulabirako == avjy0ztzja7p038tirelo7mb2lk9yno 75773 75772 2026-09-30T22:07:34Z MEvalyn 9841 75773 wikitext text/x-wiki Fatou Baldeh MBE (eyazaalibwa mu December 1983)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fay |first=Elizabeth |date=2021-03-24 |title=Letter III |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429349829-3 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-34982-9 |pages=21–30}}</ref> munnabyabufuzi w'abakyala okuva e Gambia era akola ku nsonga z'okumalawo okusala ebikoola by'abakyala (FGM).<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Bruce, Sir Robert, (26 Oct. 1871–27 March 1955), DL, JP |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u235200 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe obuto n’okusoma == Baldeh yakolebwa okukomola abakyala ng’alina emyaka musanvu era n’afuuka omuwanguzi w’okukomola, nga bwe kiri ku bakazi n’abawala bangi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Guerin, Orla, (born 15 May 1966), Egypt Correspondent, BBC News, since 2013 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.4000498 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gale |first=Robert L. |date=2000-02 |title=Adams, Franklin P. (15 November 1881–23 March 1960), newspaper columnist, humorist, and radio personality |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1600011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |series=American National Biography Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=WHAT IS FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION (FGM)? |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-4028-20180015 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Human Rights Documents Online}}</ref> Kigambibwa nti 73% y’abakazi n’abawala abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 baakolwako FGM mu The Gambia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tsegaw |first=Menen |last2=Mulat |first2=Bezawit |last3=Shitu |first3=Kegnie |date=2022-03-09 |title=Access to health care problem and associated factors among reproductive age women in Gambia: Using Gambia Demographic Health Survey 2019/20 |url=https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1397227/v1 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Baldeh yamaliriza diguli ya bachelor mu Psychology ne Health ku University of Wolverhampton era n’afuna diguli ya master mu sexual and reproductive health ku Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-01 |title=Join ASHA’s Efforts to Raise Awareness of World Hearing Day March 3 |url=https://doi.org/10.1044/2021-0301-asha-world-hearing-day-resources |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Blog post Digital Object Group}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hollinder |first=Brandon |date=2007 |title=How to Build a Better Truth Commission: Applying Lessons from Past Truth Commissions to the Selection of Commissioners for an Afghanistan Truth Commission |url=https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.958645 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Kati ali Ph.D. candidate ku Canterbury Christ Church University era Research Fellow ku Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia ku London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-01 |title=Meet Two of the “World’s Most Influential People” |url=https://doi.org/10.1200/acon.10.00084 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=ASCO Connection Post DOs Group}}</ref> == Okukola, okuwagira n’okumanyibwa == Oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza emisomo gye, yakolera mu Dignity Alert Research Forum e Edinburgh, ng’akola okunyweza eddembe ly’abakyala n’eddembe ly’abantu.[10]<ref>{{Cite book |date=1999-05-01 |title=Female genital mutilation |url=https://doi.org/10.1201/9781785230189-11 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-0-429-09120-9 |pages=17–24}}</ref> Yalondebwa nga director wa Dignity Alert Research Forum mu May 2015.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1984 |title=In-house Technical Information Retrieval Service in FUJITSU Limited, FIND |url=https://doi.org/10.1241/johokanri.27.349 |journal=Journal of Information Processing and Management |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=349–358 |doi=10.1241/johokanri.27.349 |issn=1347-1597}}</ref> Mu 2013, Fatou yayogera mu lujjudde ku nsonga z’okusala abawala ebikoola by’obukyala mu Scotland. Ku 30 January 2014, yagenda mu Equal Opportunities Committee mu Palamenti ya Scotland, gyeyasabibwa okulaga enkola n’amateeka agalina okuteekebwawo okusobola okuziyiza abawala abato obutaba ba FGM mu Scotland.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Proudman |first=Charlotte |date=2022-02-03 |title=Female Genital Mutilation: An Overview |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198864608.003.0001 |publisher=Oxford University PressOxford |isbn=0-19-886460-4 |pages=1–30}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’okumala emyaka ng’asoma n’okukola ne NGOs ez’enjawulo ezikwatagana n’abantu ba BAME mu Scotland, Baldeh yakomawo e Gambia mu 2018. Yatandika ekibiina kya Women in Liberation and Leadership (WILL) oluvannyuma lw’okudda mu ggwanga lye.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bramberger |first=Andrea |date=2021-10-25 |title=Ways of Framing Safe Spaces |url=https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83982-250-620211006 |last2=Winter |first2=Kate |publisher=Emerald Publishing Limited |isbn=978-1-83982-251-3 |pages=33–50}}</ref> WILL ekola okukyusa n’okukuuma obulamu n’eddembe ly’abakyala mu Gambia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wilson |first=Shanika Lavi |date=2025-06-27 |title=Microaggressions, Misogynoir, and Liberation for Black Women in Higher Education Leadership |url=https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-0260-7.ch008 |last2=Graves |first2=Lorraine M. |publisher=IGI Global Scientific Publishing |isbn=979-8-3373-0260-7 |pages=171–228}}</ref> Ng’akolaganira wamu ne The Gambia’s Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission (TRRC), WILL yateekateeka ebifaananyi by’abakyala abali mu bufuzi bwa Yahya Jammeh obwamala emyaka 22, obwakomekkereza mu 2017. Obufuzi buno bwali bujjudde okutyoboola eddembe ly’abantu nga mwemuli Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wilson |first=Shanika Lavi |date=2025-06-27 |title=Microaggressions, Misogynoir, and Liberation for Black Women in Higher Education Leadership |url=https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-0260-7.ch008 |last2=Graves |first2=Lorraine M. |publisher=IGI Global Scientific Publishing |isbn=979-8-3373-0260-7 |pages=171–228}}</ref> Mu January 2020, yaweebwa MBE okuva ku British High Commissioner mu Gambia, Sharon Wardle, olw’ebirabo bya Special Honours mu 2019, ng’akusiima emirimu gye egy’amaanyi n’okulwanirira abantu abato abaddugavu mu Scotland.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Commonwealth Parliamentary Association Luncheon : A Speech Before Her Majesty the Queen at St Stephen’s Hall, Westminster 27 March 1953 |url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9781472581877.ch-007 |publisher=Cassell & Company Ltd |isbn=978-1-4725-8187-7}}</ref> Mu March 2020, Baldeh yaweebwa The Sise Saweneh Award/Outstanding Woman of the Year olw’okukola ennyo mu kusitula abaana abawala n’abakyala mu Gambia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statement by the Staff Representative on the Gambia March 23, 2020 |url=https://doi.org/10.5089/9781513540351.002.a005 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Mu 2024, yafuna US State Department’s International Women of Courage Award<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bentler |first=Suzanne |date=2018-11-02 |title=State Innovation Model (SIM) Evaluation Report on Award Year 3 (AY3) Activities |url=https://doi.org/10.17077/rtl9-ewc4 |last2=Heeren |first2=Tessa |last3=Schultz Spinarski |first3=Rochelle |last4=McInroy |first4=Brooke |last5=Momany |first5=Elizabeth |last6=Damiano |first6=Peter |location=Iowa City, Iowa, USA}}</ref> ne Geneva Summit Women’s Rights Award, ng’akusiima obukulembeze bwe mu kulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=INTERNATIONAL WOMEN'S RIGHTS COALITION CALLS ON MONTREAL SUMMIT OF WOMEN FOREIGN MINISTERS TO CHAMPION WOMEN HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS AT UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-9825-20180017 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Human Rights Documents Online}}</ref> Mu ntandikwa ya 2025, TIME yamuteeka mu bakazi ab’omwaka<ref>{{Cite web |last=Walsh |first=Molly |date=2025-02-20 |title=Time Magazine unveils 2025 Women of the Year. See who made the list. |url=https://www.cleveland.com/nation/2025/02/time-magazine-unveils-2025-women-of-the-year-see-who-made-the-list.html |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=cleveland |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Jeyaretnam |first=Miranda |title=2025 TIME Women of the Year Gala: Honorees’ Toasts |url=https://time.com/7225476/women-of-the-year-gala-2025-kidman-munn-baldeh-wilson-babineaux-fontenot/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250923013242/https://time.com/7225476/women-of-the-year-gala-2025-kidman-munn-baldeh-wilson-babineaux-fontenot/ |archive-date=2025-09-23 |access-date=2026-09-30 |work=TIME |language=en}}</ref> era Pulezidenti wa Amerika Barack Obama yamusiima olw’okulwanyisa FGM ku lunaku lw’abakyala mu nsi yonna.[9] Ku mukolo ogwo, Harvard University yamuteeka mu bakazi 25 ab’amaanyi mu nsi yonna. Oluvannyuma TIME yamuteeka mu lukalala lwabwe olwa 2025 olw’abantu 100 abasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vanderbroeck |first=Paul |date=2025 |title=Lead Like Julius Caesar |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-83224-6 |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-83224-6}}</ref> Mu October 2025, yali omu ku bantu 20 abawanguzi ba Albies Award eyaweebwa Clooney Foundation for Justice, ng’akusiima omulimu gwe ogw’amaanyi mu kukulembera okulwanyisa okugezaako okuggyawo ekiragiro ky’eggwanga lya Gambia ku FGM mu 2024.[24] == Ebyokulabirako == bif26k31v4ow8otuhiok10a28lvy4un 75774 75773 2026-09-30T22:08:27Z MEvalyn 9841 75774 wikitext text/x-wiki Fatou Baldeh MBE (eyazaalibwa mu December 1983)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fay |first=Elizabeth |date=2021-03-24 |title=Letter III |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429349829-3 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-34982-9 |pages=21–30}}</ref> munnabyabufuzi w'abakyala okuva e Gambia era akola ku nsonga z'okumalawo okusala ebikoola by'abakyala (FGM).<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Bruce, Sir Robert, (26 Oct. 1871–27 March 1955), DL, JP |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u235200 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe obuto n’okusoma == Baldeh yakolebwa okukomola abakyala ng’alina emyaka musanvu era n’afuuka omuwanguzi w’okukomola, nga bwe kiri ku bakazi n’abawala bangi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Guerin, Orla, (born 15 May 1966), Egypt Correspondent, BBC News, since 2013 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.4000498 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gale |first=Robert L. |date=2000-02 |title=Adams, Franklin P. (15 November 1881–23 March 1960), newspaper columnist, humorist, and radio personality |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1600011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |series=American National Biography Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=WHAT IS FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION (FGM)? |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-4028-20180015 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Human Rights Documents Online}}</ref> Kigambibwa nti 73% y’abakazi n’abawala abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 baakolwako FGM mu The Gambia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tsegaw |first=Menen |last2=Mulat |first2=Bezawit |last3=Shitu |first3=Kegnie |date=2022-03-09 |title=Access to health care problem and associated factors among reproductive age women in Gambia: Using Gambia Demographic Health Survey 2019/20 |url=https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1397227/v1 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Baldeh yamaliriza diguli ya bachelor mu Psychology ne Health ku University of Wolverhampton era n’afuna diguli ya master mu sexual and reproductive health ku Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-01 |title=Join ASHA’s Efforts to Raise Awareness of World Hearing Day March 3 |url=https://doi.org/10.1044/2021-0301-asha-world-hearing-day-resources |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Blog post Digital Object Group}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hollinder |first=Brandon |date=2007 |title=How to Build a Better Truth Commission: Applying Lessons from Past Truth Commissions to the Selection of Commissioners for an Afghanistan Truth Commission |url=https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.958645 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Kati ali Ph.D. candidate ku Canterbury Christ Church University era Research Fellow ku Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia ku London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-01 |title=Meet Two of the “World’s Most Influential People” |url=https://doi.org/10.1200/acon.10.00084 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=ASCO Connection Post DOs Group}}</ref> == Okukola, okuwagira n’okumanyibwa == Oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza emisomo gye, yakolera mu Dignity Alert Research Forum e Edinburgh, ng’akola okunyweza eddembe ly’abakyala n’eddembe ly’abantu.[10]<ref>{{Cite book |date=1999-05-01 |title=Female genital mutilation |url=https://doi.org/10.1201/9781785230189-11 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-0-429-09120-9 |pages=17–24}}</ref> Yalondebwa nga director wa Dignity Alert Research Forum mu May 2015.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1984 |title=In-house Technical Information Retrieval Service in FUJITSU Limited, FIND |url=https://doi.org/10.1241/johokanri.27.349 |journal=Journal of Information Processing and Management |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=349–358 |doi=10.1241/johokanri.27.349 |issn=1347-1597}}</ref> Mu 2013, Fatou yayogera mu lujjudde ku nsonga z’okusala abawala ebikoola by’obukyala mu Scotland. Ku 30 January 2014, yagenda mu Equal Opportunities Committee mu Palamenti ya Scotland, gyeyasabibwa okulaga enkola n’amateeka agalina okuteekebwawo okusobola okuziyiza abawala abato obutaba ba FGM mu Scotland.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Proudman |first=Charlotte |date=2022-02-03 |title=Female Genital Mutilation: An Overview |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198864608.003.0001 |publisher=Oxford University PressOxford |isbn=0-19-886460-4 |pages=1–30}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’okumala emyaka ng’asoma n’okukola ne NGOs ez’enjawulo ezikwatagana n’abantu ba BAME mu Scotland, Baldeh yakomawo e Gambia mu 2018. Yatandika ekibiina kya Women in Liberation and Leadership (WILL) oluvannyuma lw’okudda mu ggwanga lye.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bramberger |first=Andrea |date=2021-10-25 |title=Ways of Framing Safe Spaces |url=https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83982-250-620211006 |last2=Winter |first2=Kate |publisher=Emerald Publishing Limited |isbn=978-1-83982-251-3 |pages=33–50}}</ref> WILL ekola okukyusa n’okukuuma obulamu n’eddembe ly’abakyala mu Gambia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wilson |first=Shanika Lavi |date=2025-06-27 |title=Microaggressions, Misogynoir, and Liberation for Black Women in Higher Education Leadership |url=https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-0260-7.ch008 |last2=Graves |first2=Lorraine M. |publisher=IGI Global Scientific Publishing |isbn=979-8-3373-0260-7 |pages=171–228}}</ref> Ng’akolaganira wamu ne The Gambia’s Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission (TRRC), WILL yateekateeka ebifaananyi by’abakyala abali mu bufuzi bwa Yahya Jammeh obwamala emyaka 22, obwakomekkereza mu 2017. Obufuzi buno bwali bujjudde okutyoboola eddembe ly’abantu nga mwemuli Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wilson |first=Shanika Lavi |date=2025-06-27 |title=Microaggressions, Misogynoir, and Liberation for Black Women in Higher Education Leadership |url=https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-0260-7.ch008 |last2=Graves |first2=Lorraine M. |publisher=IGI Global Scientific Publishing |isbn=979-8-3373-0260-7 |pages=171–228}}</ref> Mu January 2020, yaweebwa MBE okuva ku British High Commissioner mu Gambia, Sharon Wardle, olw’ebirabo bya Special Honours mu 2019, ng’akusiima emirimu gye egy’amaanyi n’okulwanirira abantu abato abaddugavu mu Scotland.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Commonwealth Parliamentary Association Luncheon : A Speech Before Her Majesty the Queen at St Stephen’s Hall, Westminster 27 March 1953 |url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9781472581877.ch-007 |publisher=Cassell & Company Ltd |isbn=978-1-4725-8187-7}}</ref> Mu March 2020, Baldeh yaweebwa The Sise Saweneh Award/Outstanding Woman of the Year olw’okukola ennyo mu kusitula abaana abawala n’abakyala mu Gambia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statement by the Staff Representative on the Gambia March 23, 2020 |url=https://doi.org/10.5089/9781513540351.002.a005 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Mu 2024, yafuna US State Department’s International Women of Courage Award<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bentler |first=Suzanne |date=2018-11-02 |title=State Innovation Model (SIM) Evaluation Report on Award Year 3 (AY3) Activities |url=https://doi.org/10.17077/rtl9-ewc4 |last2=Heeren |first2=Tessa |last3=Schultz Spinarski |first3=Rochelle |last4=McInroy |first4=Brooke |last5=Momany |first5=Elizabeth |last6=Damiano |first6=Peter |location=Iowa City, Iowa, USA}}</ref> ne Geneva Summit Women’s Rights Award, ng’akusiima obukulembeze bwe mu kulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=INTERNATIONAL WOMEN'S RIGHTS COALITION CALLS ON MONTREAL SUMMIT OF WOMEN FOREIGN MINISTERS TO CHAMPION WOMEN HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS AT UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-9825-20180017 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Human Rights Documents Online}}</ref> Mu ntandikwa ya 2025, TIME yamuteeka mu bakazi ab’omwaka<ref>{{Cite web |last=Walsh |first=Molly |date=2025-02-20 |title=Time Magazine unveils 2025 Women of the Year. See who made the list. |url=https://www.cleveland.com/nation/2025/02/time-magazine-unveils-2025-women-of-the-year-see-who-made-the-list.html |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=cleveland |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Jeyaretnam |first=Miranda |title=2025 TIME Women of the Year Gala: Honorees’ Toasts |url=https://time.com/7225476/women-of-the-year-gala-2025-kidman-munn-baldeh-wilson-babineaux-fontenot/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250923013242/https://time.com/7225476/women-of-the-year-gala-2025-kidman-munn-baldeh-wilson-babineaux-fontenot/ |archive-date=2025-09-23 |access-date=2026-09-30 |work=TIME |language=en}}</ref> era Pulezidenti wa Amerika Barack Obama yamusiima olw’okulwanyisa FGM ku lunaku lw’abakyala mu nsi yonna.[9] Ku mukolo ogwo, Harvard University yamuteeka mu bakazi 25 ab’amaanyi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardy |first=Kate |title=International Women's Day |url=https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412995962.n416 |publisher=SAGE Publications, Inc. |isbn=978-1-4129-7685-5 |location=2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320 United States}}</ref> Oluvannyuma TIME yamuteeka mu lukalala lwabwe olwa 2025 olw’abantu 100 abasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vanderbroeck |first=Paul |date=2025 |title=Lead Like Julius Caesar |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-83224-6 |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-83224-6}}</ref> Mu October 2025, yali omu ku bantu 20 abawanguzi ba Albies Award eyaweebwa Clooney Foundation for Justice, ng’akusiima omulimu gwe ogw’amaanyi mu kukulembera okulwanyisa okugezaako okuggyawo ekiragiro ky’eggwanga lya Gambia ku FGM mu 2024.[24] == Ebyokulabirako == 7uddlzik5x0j0ha8vmxpa473vajcg12 75775 75774 2026-09-30T22:09:58Z MEvalyn 9841 75775 wikitext text/x-wiki Fatou Baldeh MBE (eyazaalibwa mu December 1983)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fay |first=Elizabeth |date=2021-03-24 |title=Letter III |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429349829-3 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-34982-9 |pages=21–30}}</ref> munnabyabufuzi w'abakyala okuva e Gambia era akola ku nsonga z'okumalawo okusala ebikoola by'abakyala (FGM).<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Bruce, Sir Robert, (26 Oct. 1871–27 March 1955), DL, JP |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u235200 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe obuto n’okusoma == Baldeh yakolebwa okukomola abakyala ng’alina emyaka musanvu era n’afuuka omuwanguzi w’okukomola, nga bwe kiri ku bakazi n’abawala bangi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Guerin, Orla, (born 15 May 1966), Egypt Correspondent, BBC News, since 2013 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.4000498 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gale |first=Robert L. |date=2000-02 |title=Adams, Franklin P. (15 November 1881–23 March 1960), newspaper columnist, humorist, and radio personality |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1600011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |series=American National Biography Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=WHAT IS FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION (FGM)? |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-4028-20180015 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Human Rights Documents Online}}</ref> Kigambibwa nti 73% y’abakazi n’abawala abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 baakolwako FGM mu The Gambia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tsegaw |first=Menen |last2=Mulat |first2=Bezawit |last3=Shitu |first3=Kegnie |date=2022-03-09 |title=Access to health care problem and associated factors among reproductive age women in Gambia: Using Gambia Demographic Health Survey 2019/20 |url=https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1397227/v1 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Baldeh yamaliriza diguli ya bachelor mu Psychology ne Health ku University of Wolverhampton era n’afuna diguli ya master mu sexual and reproductive health ku Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-01 |title=Join ASHA’s Efforts to Raise Awareness of World Hearing Day March 3 |url=https://doi.org/10.1044/2021-0301-asha-world-hearing-day-resources |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Blog post Digital Object Group}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hollinder |first=Brandon |date=2007 |title=How to Build a Better Truth Commission: Applying Lessons from Past Truth Commissions to the Selection of Commissioners for an Afghanistan Truth Commission |url=https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.958645 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Kati ali Ph.D. candidate ku Canterbury Christ Church University era Research Fellow ku Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia ku London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-01 |title=Meet Two of the “World’s Most Influential People” |url=https://doi.org/10.1200/acon.10.00084 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=ASCO Connection Post DOs Group}}</ref> == Okukola, okuwagira n’okumanyibwa == Oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza emisomo gye, yakolera mu Dignity Alert Research Forum e Edinburgh, ng’akola okunyweza eddembe ly’abakyala n’eddembe ly’abantu.[10]<ref>{{Cite book |date=1999-05-01 |title=Female genital mutilation |url=https://doi.org/10.1201/9781785230189-11 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-0-429-09120-9 |pages=17–24}}</ref> Yalondebwa nga director wa Dignity Alert Research Forum mu May 2015.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1984 |title=In-house Technical Information Retrieval Service in FUJITSU Limited, FIND |url=https://doi.org/10.1241/johokanri.27.349 |journal=Journal of Information Processing and Management |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=349–358 |doi=10.1241/johokanri.27.349 |issn=1347-1597}}</ref> Mu 2013, Fatou yayogera mu lujjudde ku nsonga z’okusala abawala ebikoola by’obukyala mu Scotland. Ku 30 January 2014, yagenda mu Equal Opportunities Committee mu Palamenti ya Scotland, gyeyasabibwa okulaga enkola n’amateeka agalina okuteekebwawo okusobola okuziyiza abawala abato obutaba ba FGM mu Scotland.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Proudman |first=Charlotte |date=2022-02-03 |title=Female Genital Mutilation: An Overview |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198864608.003.0001 |publisher=Oxford University PressOxford |isbn=0-19-886460-4 |pages=1–30}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’okumala emyaka ng’asoma n’okukola ne NGOs ez’enjawulo ezikwatagana n’abantu ba BAME mu Scotland, Baldeh yakomawo e Gambia mu 2018. Yatandika ekibiina kya Women in Liberation and Leadership (WILL) oluvannyuma lw’okudda mu ggwanga lye.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bramberger |first=Andrea |date=2021-10-25 |title=Ways of Framing Safe Spaces |url=https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83982-250-620211006 |last2=Winter |first2=Kate |publisher=Emerald Publishing Limited |isbn=978-1-83982-251-3 |pages=33–50}}</ref> WILL ekola okukyusa n’okukuuma obulamu n’eddembe ly’abakyala mu Gambia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wilson |first=Shanika Lavi |date=2025-06-27 |title=Microaggressions, Misogynoir, and Liberation for Black Women in Higher Education Leadership |url=https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-0260-7.ch008 |last2=Graves |first2=Lorraine M. |publisher=IGI Global Scientific Publishing |isbn=979-8-3373-0260-7 |pages=171–228}}</ref> Ng’akolaganira wamu ne The Gambia’s Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission (TRRC), WILL yateekateeka ebifaananyi by’abakyala abali mu bufuzi bwa Yahya Jammeh obwamala emyaka 22, obwakomekkereza mu 2017. Obufuzi buno bwali bujjudde okutyoboola eddembe ly’abantu nga mwemuli Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wilson |first=Shanika Lavi |date=2025-06-27 |title=Microaggressions, Misogynoir, and Liberation for Black Women in Higher Education Leadership |url=https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-0260-7.ch008 |last2=Graves |first2=Lorraine M. |publisher=IGI Global Scientific Publishing |isbn=979-8-3373-0260-7 |pages=171–228}}</ref> Mu January 2020, yaweebwa MBE okuva ku British High Commissioner mu Gambia, Sharon Wardle, olw’ebirabo bya Special Honours mu 2019, ng’akusiima emirimu gye egy’amaanyi n’okulwanirira abantu abato abaddugavu mu Scotland.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Commonwealth Parliamentary Association Luncheon : A Speech Before Her Majesty the Queen at St Stephen’s Hall, Westminster 27 March 1953 |url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9781472581877.ch-007 |publisher=Cassell & Company Ltd |isbn=978-1-4725-8187-7}}</ref> Mu March 2020, Baldeh yaweebwa The Sise Saweneh Award/Outstanding Woman of the Year olw’okukola ennyo mu kusitula abaana abawala n’abakyala mu Gambia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statement by the Staff Representative on the Gambia March 23, 2020 |url=https://doi.org/10.5089/9781513540351.002.a005 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Mu 2024, yafuna US State Department’s International Women of Courage Award<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bentler |first=Suzanne |date=2018-11-02 |title=State Innovation Model (SIM) Evaluation Report on Award Year 3 (AY3) Activities |url=https://doi.org/10.17077/rtl9-ewc4 |last2=Heeren |first2=Tessa |last3=Schultz Spinarski |first3=Rochelle |last4=McInroy |first4=Brooke |last5=Momany |first5=Elizabeth |last6=Damiano |first6=Peter |location=Iowa City, Iowa, USA}}</ref> ne Geneva Summit Women’s Rights Award, ng’akusiima obukulembeze bwe mu kulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=INTERNATIONAL WOMEN'S RIGHTS COALITION CALLS ON MONTREAL SUMMIT OF WOMEN FOREIGN MINISTERS TO CHAMPION WOMEN HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS AT UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-9825-20180017 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Human Rights Documents Online}}</ref> Mu ntandikwa ya 2025, TIME yamuteeka mu bakazi ab’omwaka<ref>{{Cite web |last=Walsh |first=Molly |date=2025-02-20 |title=Time Magazine unveils 2025 Women of the Year. See who made the list. |url=https://www.cleveland.com/nation/2025/02/time-magazine-unveils-2025-women-of-the-year-see-who-made-the-list.html |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=cleveland |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Jeyaretnam |first=Miranda |title=2025 TIME Women of the Year Gala: Honorees’ Toasts |url=https://time.com/7225476/women-of-the-year-gala-2025-kidman-munn-baldeh-wilson-babineaux-fontenot/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250923013242/https://time.com/7225476/women-of-the-year-gala-2025-kidman-munn-baldeh-wilson-babineaux-fontenot/ |archive-date=2025-09-23 |access-date=2026-09-30 |work=TIME |language=en}}</ref> era Pulezidenti wa Amerika Barack Obama yamusiima olw’okulwanyisa FGM ku lunaku lw’abakyala mu nsi yonna.[9] Ku mukolo ogwo, Harvard University yamuteeka mu bakazi 25 ab’amaanyi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardy |first=Kate |title=International Women's Day |url=https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412995962.n416 |publisher=SAGE Publications, Inc. |isbn=978-1-4129-7685-5 |location=2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320 United States}}</ref> Oluvannyuma TIME yamuteeka mu lukalala lwabwe olwa 2025 olw’abantu 100 abasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vanderbroeck |first=Paul |date=2025 |title=Lead Like Julius Caesar |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-83224-6 |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-83224-6}}</ref> Mu October 2025, yali omu ku bantu 20 abawanguzi ba Albies Award eyaweebwa Clooney Foundation for Justice, ng’akusiima omulimu gwe ogw’amaanyi mu kukulembera okulwanyisa okugezaako okuggyawo ekiragiro ky’eggwanga lya Gambia ku FGM mu 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ABA joins Clooney Foundation for Justice and Columbia Law School to implement TrialWatch® initiative |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-1174-20190003 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Human Rights Documents Online}}</ref> == Ebyokulabirako == 8tauhanetuhwzywsxisxugy5sk462rz 75776 75775 2026-09-30T22:10:41Z MEvalyn 9841 75776 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fatou Baldeh''' MBE (eyazaalibwa mu December 1983)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fay |first=Elizabeth |date=2021-03-24 |title=Letter III |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429349829-3 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-34982-9 |pages=21–30}}</ref> munnabyabufuzi w'abakyala okuva e [[Gambia]] era akola ku nsonga z'okumalawo okusala ebikoola by'abakyala (FGM).<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Bruce, Sir Robert, (26 Oct. 1871–27 March 1955), DL, JP |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u235200 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe obuto n’okusoma == Baldeh yakolebwa okukomola abakyala ng’alina emyaka musanvu era n’afuuka omuwanguzi w’okukomola, nga bwe kiri ku bakazi n’abawala bangi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Guerin, Orla, (born 15 May 1966), Egypt Correspondent, BBC News, since 2013 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.4000498 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gale |first=Robert L. |date=2000-02 |title=Adams, Franklin P. (15 November 1881–23 March 1960), newspaper columnist, humorist, and radio personality |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1600011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |series=American National Biography Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=WHAT IS FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION (FGM)? |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-4028-20180015 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Human Rights Documents Online}}</ref> Kigambibwa nti 73% y’abakazi n’abawala abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 baakolwako FGM mu The Gambia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tsegaw |first=Menen |last2=Mulat |first2=Bezawit |last3=Shitu |first3=Kegnie |date=2022-03-09 |title=Access to health care problem and associated factors among reproductive age women in Gambia: Using Gambia Demographic Health Survey 2019/20 |url=https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1397227/v1 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Baldeh yamaliriza diguli ya bachelor mu Psychology ne Health ku University of Wolverhampton era n’afuna diguli ya master mu sexual and reproductive health ku Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-01 |title=Join ASHA’s Efforts to Raise Awareness of World Hearing Day March 3 |url=https://doi.org/10.1044/2021-0301-asha-world-hearing-day-resources |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Blog post Digital Object Group}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hollinder |first=Brandon |date=2007 |title=How to Build a Better Truth Commission: Applying Lessons from Past Truth Commissions to the Selection of Commissioners for an Afghanistan Truth Commission |url=https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.958645 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Kati ali Ph.D. candidate ku Canterbury Christ Church University era Research Fellow ku Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia ku London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-01 |title=Meet Two of the “World’s Most Influential People” |url=https://doi.org/10.1200/acon.10.00084 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=ASCO Connection Post DOs Group}}</ref> == Okukola, okuwagira n’okumanyibwa == Oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza emisomo gye, yakolera mu Dignity Alert Research Forum e Edinburgh, ng’akola okunyweza eddembe ly’abakyala n’eddembe ly’abantu.[10]<ref>{{Cite book |date=1999-05-01 |title=Female genital mutilation |url=https://doi.org/10.1201/9781785230189-11 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-0-429-09120-9 |pages=17–24}}</ref> Yalondebwa nga director wa Dignity Alert Research Forum mu May 2015.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1984 |title=In-house Technical Information Retrieval Service in FUJITSU Limited, FIND |url=https://doi.org/10.1241/johokanri.27.349 |journal=Journal of Information Processing and Management |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=349–358 |doi=10.1241/johokanri.27.349 |issn=1347-1597}}</ref> Mu 2013, Fatou yayogera mu lujjudde ku nsonga z’okusala abawala ebikoola by’obukyala mu Scotland. Ku 30 January 2014, yagenda mu Equal Opportunities Committee mu Palamenti ya Scotland, gyeyasabibwa okulaga enkola n’amateeka agalina okuteekebwawo okusobola okuziyiza abawala abato obutaba ba FGM mu Scotland.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Proudman |first=Charlotte |date=2022-02-03 |title=Female Genital Mutilation: An Overview |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198864608.003.0001 |publisher=Oxford University PressOxford |isbn=0-19-886460-4 |pages=1–30}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’okumala emyaka ng’asoma n’okukola ne NGOs ez’enjawulo ezikwatagana n’abantu ba BAME mu Scotland, Baldeh yakomawo e Gambia mu 2018. Yatandika ekibiina kya Women in Liberation and Leadership (WILL) oluvannyuma lw’okudda mu ggwanga lye.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bramberger |first=Andrea |date=2021-10-25 |title=Ways of Framing Safe Spaces |url=https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83982-250-620211006 |last2=Winter |first2=Kate |publisher=Emerald Publishing Limited |isbn=978-1-83982-251-3 |pages=33–50}}</ref> WILL ekola okukyusa n’okukuuma obulamu n’eddembe ly’abakyala mu Gambia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wilson |first=Shanika Lavi |date=2025-06-27 |title=Microaggressions, Misogynoir, and Liberation for Black Women in Higher Education Leadership |url=https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-0260-7.ch008 |last2=Graves |first2=Lorraine M. |publisher=IGI Global Scientific Publishing |isbn=979-8-3373-0260-7 |pages=171–228}}</ref> Ng’akolaganira wamu ne The Gambia’s Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission (TRRC), WILL yateekateeka ebifaananyi by’abakyala abali mu bufuzi bwa Yahya Jammeh obwamala emyaka 22, obwakomekkereza mu 2017. Obufuzi buno bwali bujjudde okutyoboola eddembe ly’abantu nga mwemuli Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wilson |first=Shanika Lavi |date=2025-06-27 |title=Microaggressions, Misogynoir, and Liberation for Black Women in Higher Education Leadership |url=https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-0260-7.ch008 |last2=Graves |first2=Lorraine M. |publisher=IGI Global Scientific Publishing |isbn=979-8-3373-0260-7 |pages=171–228}}</ref> Mu January 2020, yaweebwa MBE okuva ku British High Commissioner mu Gambia, Sharon Wardle, olw’ebirabo bya Special Honours mu 2019, ng’akusiima emirimu gye egy’amaanyi n’okulwanirira abantu abato abaddugavu mu Scotland.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Commonwealth Parliamentary Association Luncheon : A Speech Before Her Majesty the Queen at St Stephen’s Hall, Westminster 27 March 1953 |url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9781472581877.ch-007 |publisher=Cassell & Company Ltd |isbn=978-1-4725-8187-7}}</ref> Mu March 2020, Baldeh yaweebwa The Sise Saweneh Award/Outstanding Woman of the Year olw’okukola ennyo mu kusitula abaana abawala n’abakyala mu Gambia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statement by the Staff Representative on the Gambia March 23, 2020 |url=https://doi.org/10.5089/9781513540351.002.a005 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Mu 2024, yafuna US State Department’s International Women of Courage Award<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bentler |first=Suzanne |date=2018-11-02 |title=State Innovation Model (SIM) Evaluation Report on Award Year 3 (AY3) Activities |url=https://doi.org/10.17077/rtl9-ewc4 |last2=Heeren |first2=Tessa |last3=Schultz Spinarski |first3=Rochelle |last4=McInroy |first4=Brooke |last5=Momany |first5=Elizabeth |last6=Damiano |first6=Peter |location=Iowa City, Iowa, USA}}</ref> ne Geneva Summit Women’s Rights Award, ng’akusiima obukulembeze bwe mu kulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=INTERNATIONAL WOMEN'S RIGHTS COALITION CALLS ON MONTREAL SUMMIT OF WOMEN FOREIGN MINISTERS TO CHAMPION WOMEN HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS AT UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-9825-20180017 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Human Rights Documents Online}}</ref> Mu ntandikwa ya 2025, TIME yamuteeka mu bakazi ab’omwaka<ref>{{Cite web |last=Walsh |first=Molly |date=2025-02-20 |title=Time Magazine unveils 2025 Women of the Year. See who made the list. |url=https://www.cleveland.com/nation/2025/02/time-magazine-unveils-2025-women-of-the-year-see-who-made-the-list.html |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=cleveland |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Jeyaretnam |first=Miranda |title=2025 TIME Women of the Year Gala: Honorees’ Toasts |url=https://time.com/7225476/women-of-the-year-gala-2025-kidman-munn-baldeh-wilson-babineaux-fontenot/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250923013242/https://time.com/7225476/women-of-the-year-gala-2025-kidman-munn-baldeh-wilson-babineaux-fontenot/ |archive-date=2025-09-23 |access-date=2026-09-30 |work=TIME |language=en}}</ref> era Pulezidenti wa Amerika Barack Obama yamusiima olw’okulwanyisa FGM ku lunaku lw’abakyala mu nsi yonna.[9] Ku mukolo ogwo, Harvard University yamuteeka mu bakazi 25 ab’amaanyi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardy |first=Kate |title=International Women's Day |url=https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412995962.n416 |publisher=SAGE Publications, Inc. |isbn=978-1-4129-7685-5 |location=2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320 United States}}</ref> Oluvannyuma TIME yamuteeka mu lukalala lwabwe olwa 2025 olw’abantu 100 abasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vanderbroeck |first=Paul |date=2025 |title=Lead Like Julius Caesar |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-83224-6 |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-83224-6}}</ref> Mu October 2025, yali omu ku bantu 20 abawanguzi ba Albies Award eyaweebwa Clooney Foundation for Justice, ng’akusiima omulimu gwe ogw’amaanyi mu kukulembera okulwanyisa okugezaako okuggyawo ekiragiro ky’eggwanga lya Gambia ku FGM mu 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ABA joins Clooney Foundation for Justice and Columbia Law School to implement TrialWatch® initiative |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-1174-20190003 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Human Rights Documents Online}}</ref> == Ebyokulabirako == 5okc677b0y1p9ii1mjzc0ro977v4abd 75777 75776 2026-09-30T22:13:38Z MEvalyn 9841 Added infobox 75777 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q100933765}} '''Fatou Baldeh''' MBE (eyazaalibwa mu December 1983)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fay |first=Elizabeth |date=2021-03-24 |title=Letter III |url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429349829-3 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-34982-9 |pages=21–30}}</ref> munnabyabufuzi w'abakyala okuva e [[Gambia]] era akola ku nsonga z'okumalawo okusala ebikoola by'abakyala (FGM).<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Bruce, Sir Robert, (26 Oct. 1871–27 March 1955), DL, JP |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u235200 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe obuto n’okusoma == Baldeh yakolebwa okukomola abakyala ng’alina emyaka musanvu era n’afuuka omuwanguzi w’okukomola, nga bwe kiri ku bakazi n’abawala bangi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2007-12-01 |title=Guerin, Orla, (born 15 May 1966), Egypt Correspondent, BBC News, since 2013 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.4000498 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gale |first=Robert L. |date=2000-02 |title=Adams, Franklin P. (15 November 1881–23 March 1960), newspaper columnist, humorist, and radio personality |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.1600011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |series=American National Biography Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=WHAT IS FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION (FGM)? |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-4028-20180015 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Human Rights Documents Online}}</ref> Kigambibwa nti 73% y’abakazi n’abawala abali wakati w’emyaka 15–49 baakolwako FGM mu The Gambia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tsegaw |first=Menen |last2=Mulat |first2=Bezawit |last3=Shitu |first3=Kegnie |date=2022-03-09 |title=Access to health care problem and associated factors among reproductive age women in Gambia: Using Gambia Demographic Health Survey 2019/20 |url=https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1397227/v1 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Baldeh yamaliriza diguli ya bachelor mu Psychology ne Health ku University of Wolverhampton era n’afuna diguli ya master mu sexual and reproductive health ku Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-01 |title=Join ASHA’s Efforts to Raise Awareness of World Hearing Day March 3 |url=https://doi.org/10.1044/2021-0301-asha-world-hearing-day-resources |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Blog post Digital Object Group}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hollinder |first=Brandon |date=2007 |title=How to Build a Better Truth Commission: Applying Lessons from Past Truth Commissions to the Selection of Commissioners for an Afghanistan Truth Commission |url=https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.958645 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Kati ali Ph.D. candidate ku Canterbury Christ Church University era Research Fellow ku Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia ku London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-01 |title=Meet Two of the “World’s Most Influential People” |url=https://doi.org/10.1200/acon.10.00084 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=ASCO Connection Post DOs Group}}</ref> == Okukola, okuwagira n’okumanyibwa == Oluvannyuma lw’okumaliriza emisomo gye, yakolera mu Dignity Alert Research Forum e Edinburgh, ng’akola okunyweza eddembe ly’abakyala n’eddembe ly’abantu.[10]<ref>{{Cite book |date=1999-05-01 |title=Female genital mutilation |url=https://doi.org/10.1201/9781785230189-11 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-0-429-09120-9 |pages=17–24}}</ref> Yalondebwa nga director wa Dignity Alert Research Forum mu May 2015.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1984 |title=In-house Technical Information Retrieval Service in FUJITSU Limited, FIND |url=https://doi.org/10.1241/johokanri.27.349 |journal=Journal of Information Processing and Management |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=349–358 |doi=10.1241/johokanri.27.349 |issn=1347-1597}}</ref> Mu 2013, Fatou yayogera mu lujjudde ku nsonga z’okusala abawala ebikoola by’obukyala mu Scotland. Ku 30 January 2014, yagenda mu Equal Opportunities Committee mu Palamenti ya Scotland, gyeyasabibwa okulaga enkola n’amateeka agalina okuteekebwawo okusobola okuziyiza abawala abato obutaba ba FGM mu Scotland.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Proudman |first=Charlotte |date=2022-02-03 |title=Female Genital Mutilation: An Overview |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198864608.003.0001 |publisher=Oxford University PressOxford |isbn=0-19-886460-4 |pages=1–30}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’okumala emyaka ng’asoma n’okukola ne NGOs ez’enjawulo ezikwatagana n’abantu ba BAME mu Scotland, Baldeh yakomawo e Gambia mu 2018. Yatandika ekibiina kya Women in Liberation and Leadership (WILL) oluvannyuma lw’okudda mu ggwanga lye.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bramberger |first=Andrea |date=2021-10-25 |title=Ways of Framing Safe Spaces |url=https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83982-250-620211006 |last2=Winter |first2=Kate |publisher=Emerald Publishing Limited |isbn=978-1-83982-251-3 |pages=33–50}}</ref> WILL ekola okukyusa n’okukuuma obulamu n’eddembe ly’abakyala mu Gambia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wilson |first=Shanika Lavi |date=2025-06-27 |title=Microaggressions, Misogynoir, and Liberation for Black Women in Higher Education Leadership |url=https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-0260-7.ch008 |last2=Graves |first2=Lorraine M. |publisher=IGI Global Scientific Publishing |isbn=979-8-3373-0260-7 |pages=171–228}}</ref> Ng’akolaganira wamu ne The Gambia’s Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission (TRRC), WILL yateekateeka ebifaananyi by’abakyala abali mu bufuzi bwa Yahya Jammeh obwamala emyaka 22, obwakomekkereza mu 2017. Obufuzi buno bwali bujjudde okutyoboola eddembe ly’abantu nga mwemuli Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wilson |first=Shanika Lavi |date=2025-06-27 |title=Microaggressions, Misogynoir, and Liberation for Black Women in Higher Education Leadership |url=https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-0260-7.ch008 |last2=Graves |first2=Lorraine M. |publisher=IGI Global Scientific Publishing |isbn=979-8-3373-0260-7 |pages=171–228}}</ref> Mu January 2020, yaweebwa MBE okuva ku British High Commissioner mu Gambia, Sharon Wardle, olw’ebirabo bya Special Honours mu 2019, ng’akusiima emirimu gye egy’amaanyi n’okulwanirira abantu abato abaddugavu mu Scotland.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Commonwealth Parliamentary Association Luncheon : A Speech Before Her Majesty the Queen at St Stephen’s Hall, Westminster 27 March 1953 |url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9781472581877.ch-007 |publisher=Cassell & Company Ltd |isbn=978-1-4725-8187-7}}</ref> Mu March 2020, Baldeh yaweebwa The Sise Saweneh Award/Outstanding Woman of the Year olw’okukola ennyo mu kusitula abaana abawala n’abakyala mu Gambia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statement by the Staff Representative on the Gambia March 23, 2020 |url=https://doi.org/10.5089/9781513540351.002.a005 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=doi.org}}</ref> Mu 2024, yafuna US State Department’s International Women of Courage Award<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bentler |first=Suzanne |date=2018-11-02 |title=State Innovation Model (SIM) Evaluation Report on Award Year 3 (AY3) Activities |url=https://doi.org/10.17077/rtl9-ewc4 |last2=Heeren |first2=Tessa |last3=Schultz Spinarski |first3=Rochelle |last4=McInroy |first4=Brooke |last5=Momany |first5=Elizabeth |last6=Damiano |first6=Peter |location=Iowa City, Iowa, USA}}</ref> ne Geneva Summit Women’s Rights Award, ng’akusiima obukulembeze bwe mu kulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=INTERNATIONAL WOMEN'S RIGHTS COALITION CALLS ON MONTREAL SUMMIT OF WOMEN FOREIGN MINISTERS TO CHAMPION WOMEN HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS AT UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-9825-20180017 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Human Rights Documents Online}}</ref> Mu ntandikwa ya 2025, TIME yamuteeka mu bakazi ab’omwaka<ref>{{Cite web |last=Walsh |first=Molly |date=2025-02-20 |title=Time Magazine unveils 2025 Women of the Year. See who made the list. |url=https://www.cleveland.com/nation/2025/02/time-magazine-unveils-2025-women-of-the-year-see-who-made-the-list.html |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=cleveland |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Jeyaretnam |first=Miranda |title=2025 TIME Women of the Year Gala: Honorees’ Toasts |url=https://time.com/7225476/women-of-the-year-gala-2025-kidman-munn-baldeh-wilson-babineaux-fontenot/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250923013242/https://time.com/7225476/women-of-the-year-gala-2025-kidman-munn-baldeh-wilson-babineaux-fontenot/ |archive-date=2025-09-23 |access-date=2026-09-30 |work=TIME |language=en}}</ref> era Pulezidenti wa Amerika Barack Obama yamusiima olw’okulwanyisa FGM ku lunaku lw’abakyala mu nsi yonna.[9] Ku mukolo ogwo, Harvard University yamuteeka mu bakazi 25 ab’amaanyi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hardy |first=Kate |title=International Women's Day |url=https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412995962.n416 |publisher=SAGE Publications, Inc. |isbn=978-1-4129-7685-5 |location=2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks California 91320 United States}}</ref> Oluvannyuma TIME yamuteeka mu lukalala lwabwe olwa 2025 olw’abantu 100 abasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vanderbroeck |first=Paul |date=2025 |title=Lead Like Julius Caesar |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-83224-6 |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-83224-6}}</ref> Mu October 2025, yali omu ku bantu 20 abawanguzi ba Albies Award eyaweebwa Clooney Foundation for Justice, ng’akusiima omulimu gwe ogw’amaanyi mu kukulembera okulwanyisa okugezaako okuggyawo ekiragiro ky’eggwanga lya Gambia ku FGM mu 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ABA joins Clooney Foundation for Justice and Columbia Law School to implement TrialWatch® initiative |url=https://doi.org/10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-1174-20190003 |access-date=2026-09-30 |website=Human Rights Documents Online}}</ref> == Ebyokulabirako == rqynjs2te65xl3spttmcfcs4pd55crj 0 16002 75778 2026-09-30T22:36:30Z MEvalyn 9841 Created page with "'''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011..." 75778 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. lhbhx37oubr531dfe3o8z9xh2hdxk91 75779 75778 2026-09-30T22:38:23Z MEvalyn 9841 75779 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. 3jzskoubjymigbmnq28vi5f4ytecd9n 75780 75779 2026-09-30T22:38:44Z MEvalyn 9841 75780 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. 1jzowar453zdx9sv10z69lkzn8wigfh 75781 75780 2026-09-30T22:38:55Z MEvalyn 9841 75781 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.[1] Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.[2] gi56ajctbt552ci0ugeg4wi1d97rzby 75782 75781 2026-09-30T22:40:49Z MEvalyn 9841 75782 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.[1] Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.[2] == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == Joyce Hilda Ntila yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi). Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda. Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. a6c3ecva9mzuqzn191ok2f21n8gv7oz 75783 75782 2026-09-30T22:41:11Z MEvalyn 9841 75783 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.[1] Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.[2] == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == Joyce Hilda Ntila yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi). Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda. Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. j1a3fs146zxuz6kt0jqxg0cft0dy0ph 75784 75783 2026-09-30T22:43:03Z MEvalyn 9841 75784 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.[1] Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.[2] == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == Joyce Hilda Ntila yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi). Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda. Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] gi3mpzdch35bnd571jufpjt1img3rs2 75785 75784 2026-09-30T22:43:35Z MEvalyn 9841 Added paragraph 75785 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.[1] Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.[2] == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == Joyce Hilda Ntila yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi). Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda. Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] 7oy8jejlvy8kfncwafzufxrrxykdojf 75786 75785 2026-09-30T22:43:50Z MEvalyn 9841 75786 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.[1] Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.[2] == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == Joyce Hilda Ntila yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi). Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda. Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27] l794p81u4gkqzoa8xq1vor4ohdk3i5z 75787 75786 2026-09-30T22:45:52Z MEvalyn 9841 75787 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.[1] Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.[2] == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == Joyce Hilda Ntila yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi). Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda. Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27]Ebibiina mu DPP Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] iyalwhepamhn2s91nke6uph2zgz8lfk 75788 75787 2026-09-30T22:46:13Z MEvalyn 9841 Added statements 75788 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.[1] Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.[2] == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == Joyce Hilda Ntila yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi). Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda. Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27]Ebibiina mu DPP Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] 2159god5ahv9qj3dv2qynpyazuxabni 75789 75788 2026-09-30T22:47:39Z MEvalyn 9841 75789 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.[1] Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.[2] == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == Joyce Hilda Ntila yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi). Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda. Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27]Ebibiina mu DPP Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. 3dz04tlyrcza466klk8f0vstdyj1mki 75790 75789 2026-09-30T22:47:58Z MEvalyn 9841 Added paragraph 75790 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.[1] Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.[2] == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == Joyce Hilda Ntila yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi). Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda. Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27]Ebibiina mu DPP Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] e6b24rsvgjzbye8860r0edf8whe4xqi 75791 75790 2026-09-30T22:50:20Z MEvalyn 9841 75791 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.[1] Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.[2] == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == Joyce Hilda Ntila yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi). Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda. Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27]Ebibiina mu DPP Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu myaka egyasooka okutuuka ku bukulembeze bwa Banda, Malawi yali mu mbeera embi ey’ebyenfuna olw’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala mu bufuzi bwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Mu mwaka ogwasembayo ogw’obufuzi bwa Mutharika, Bungereza, Amerika, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank ne African Development Bank byonna byaleka okuwa obuyambi bw’ebyensimbi. Baalaga okutya ku bikolwa bya Mutharika ku demokulasiya mu ggwanga n’obukulembeze bwe obwali butandise okubaamu obutabanguko. Mu March 2012, Mutharika yagamba abakungu bano abava ebweru nti “mugende mu hell.” Yabalumiriza okutegeka okuggyawo gavumenti ye.[48] Ekimu ku bizibu bya Banda ng’omukulembeze kyali kuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi. Era yalina ekizibu eky’okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’eggwanga lye erya Malawi nga Mozambique, n’amawanga agali mu kitundu nga Botswana. cr0m3sv8200ox26v66zp1qax2ez17il 75792 75791 2026-09-30T22:50:41Z MEvalyn 9841 Added paragraph 75792 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.[1] Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.[2] == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == Joyce Hilda Ntila yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi). Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda. Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27]Ebibiina mu DPP Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu myaka egyasooka okutuuka ku bukulembeze bwa Banda, Malawi yali mu mbeera embi ey’ebyenfuna olw’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala mu bufuzi bwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Mu mwaka ogwasembayo ogw’obufuzi bwa Mutharika, Bungereza, Amerika, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank ne African Development Bank byonna byaleka okuwa obuyambi bw’ebyensimbi. Baalaga okutya ku bikolwa bya Mutharika ku demokulasiya mu ggwanga n’obukulembeze bwe obwali butandise okubaamu obutabanguko. Mu March 2012, Mutharika yagamba abakungu bano abava ebweru nti “mugende mu hell.” Yabalumiriza okutegeka okuggyawo gavumenti ye.[48] Ekimu ku bizibu bya Banda ng’omukulembeze kyali kuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi. Era yalina ekizibu eky’okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’eggwanga lye erya Malawi nga Mozambique, n’amawanga agali mu kitundu nga Botswana. Mu wiiki esooka ey’obufuzi bwe, Banda yatandika okukola enkolagana empya okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana ya Malawi n’amawanga amalala.[49] Yayogera ne Henry Bellingham ow’ekitongole kya United Kingdom’s Foreign Office. Yamusuubiza nti omubaka omupya owa Bungereza ajja kutumibwa “mu kiseera ekisinga obumpi.” Yayogera ne Secretary of State Hillary Clinton owa Amerika. Clinton yasubiza okuddamu okuteesa ku ssente za $350 million ez’amasannyalaze mu bwangu ddala. Banda yalangirira enteekateeka okwogera ne Baroness Ashton ow’ekitongole kya European Union’s Foreign Affairs office ne Ruby Randall, omukiise wa IMF mu Malawi. Ye ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Michael Sata baali bamaze okuteesa ku kuddamu okukola enkolagana ennungi.[49] Okusanyusa abawa obuyambi, gavumenti ya Banda era yagaana mu June 2012 okutegekera olukiiko lw’African Union mu July kubanga AU yali egambye nti pulezidenti wa Sudan Omar al-Bashir aweebwe obukakafu nti Malawi ejja kwegaana okuweereza ekiragiro kya ICC ekimukwata; Cabinet yasalawo nti embeera zino tezikkirizibwa.[50] Banda yayogerwako Forbes nga omukyala ow’amaanyi asinga obungi mu nsi, erinnya ly’omu Afrika erisinga obunene ku lukalala. l7a3um2a0lque9stzq4126s33hurfy7 75831 75792 2026-10-01T10:35:24Z MEvalyn 9841 Added image 75831 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.[1] Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.[2] == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == Joyce Hilda Ntila yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi). Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda. Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27]Ebibiina mu DPP Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu myaka egyasooka okutuuka ku bukulembeze bwa Banda, Malawi yali mu mbeera embi ey’ebyenfuna olw’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala mu bufuzi bwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Mu mwaka ogwasembayo ogw’obufuzi bwa Mutharika, Bungereza, Amerika, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank ne African Development Bank byonna byaleka okuwa obuyambi bw’ebyensimbi. Baalaga okutya ku bikolwa bya Mutharika ku demokulasiya mu ggwanga n’obukulembeze bwe obwali butandise okubaamu obutabanguko. Mu March 2012, Mutharika yagamba abakungu bano abava ebweru nti “mugende mu hell.” Yabalumiriza okutegeka okuggyawo gavumenti ye.[48] Ekimu ku bizibu bya Banda ng’omukulembeze kyali kuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi. Era yalina ekizibu eky’okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’eggwanga lye erya Malawi nga Mozambique, n’amawanga agali mu kitundu nga Botswana. Mu wiiki esooka ey’obufuzi bwe, Banda yatandika okukola enkolagana empya okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana ya Malawi n’amawanga amalala.[49] Yayogera ne Henry Bellingham ow’ekitongole kya United Kingdom’s Foreign Office. Yamusuubiza nti omubaka omupya owa Bungereza ajja kutumibwa “mu kiseera ekisinga obumpi.” Yayogera ne Secretary of State Hillary Clinton owa Amerika. Clinton yasubiza okuddamu okuteesa ku ssente za $350 million ez’amasannyalaze mu bwangu ddala. Banda yalangirira enteekateeka okwogera ne Baroness Ashton ow’ekitongole kya European Union’s Foreign Affairs office ne Ruby Randall, omukiise wa IMF mu Malawi. Ye ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Michael Sata baali bamaze okuteesa ku kuddamu okukola enkolagana ennungi.[49] Okusanyusa abawa obuyambi, gavumenti ya Banda era yagaana mu June 2012 okutegekera olukiiko lw’African Union mu July kubanga AU yali egambye nti pulezidenti wa Sudan Omar al-Bashir aweebwe obukakafu nti Malawi ejja kwegaana okuweereza ekiragiro kya ICC ekimukwata; Cabinet yasalawo nti embeera zino tezikkirizibwa.[50] Banda yayogerwako Forbes nga omukyala ow’amaanyi asinga obungi mu nsi, erinnya ly’omu Afrika erisinga obunene ku lukalala. === Enkola y'eggwanga === ==== Obubonero bw'eggwanga ==== [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] k9xodqbso5tkvmw7xoti21geeuzowrv 75832 75831 2026-10-01T10:36:34Z MEvalyn 9841 Added paragraphs 75832 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.[1] Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.[2] == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == Joyce Hilda Ntila yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi). Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda. Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27]Ebibiina mu DPP Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu myaka egyasooka okutuuka ku bukulembeze bwa Banda, Malawi yali mu mbeera embi ey’ebyenfuna olw’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala mu bufuzi bwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Mu mwaka ogwasembayo ogw’obufuzi bwa Mutharika, Bungereza, Amerika, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank ne African Development Bank byonna byaleka okuwa obuyambi bw’ebyensimbi. Baalaga okutya ku bikolwa bya Mutharika ku demokulasiya mu ggwanga n’obukulembeze bwe obwali butandise okubaamu obutabanguko. Mu March 2012, Mutharika yagamba abakungu bano abava ebweru nti “mugende mu hell.” Yabalumiriza okutegeka okuggyawo gavumenti ye.[48] Ekimu ku bizibu bya Banda ng’omukulembeze kyali kuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi. Era yalina ekizibu eky’okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’eggwanga lye erya Malawi nga Mozambique, n’amawanga agali mu kitundu nga Botswana. Mu wiiki esooka ey’obufuzi bwe, Banda yatandika okukola enkolagana empya okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana ya Malawi n’amawanga amalala.[49] Yayogera ne Henry Bellingham ow’ekitongole kya United Kingdom’s Foreign Office. Yamusuubiza nti omubaka omupya owa Bungereza ajja kutumibwa “mu kiseera ekisinga obumpi.” Yayogera ne Secretary of State Hillary Clinton owa Amerika. Clinton yasubiza okuddamu okuteesa ku ssente za $350 million ez’amasannyalaze mu bwangu ddala. Banda yalangirira enteekateeka okwogera ne Baroness Ashton ow’ekitongole kya European Union’s Foreign Affairs office ne Ruby Randall, omukiise wa IMF mu Malawi. Ye ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Michael Sata baali bamaze okuteesa ku kuddamu okukola enkolagana ennungi.[49] Okusanyusa abawa obuyambi, gavumenti ya Banda era yagaana mu June 2012 okutegekera olukiiko lw’African Union mu July kubanga AU yali egambye nti pulezidenti wa Sudan Omar al-Bashir aweebwe obukakafu nti Malawi ejja kwegaana okuweereza ekiragiro kya ICC ekimukwata; Cabinet yasalawo nti embeera zino tezikkirizibwa.[50] Banda yayogerwako Forbes nga omukyala ow’amaanyi asinga obungi mu nsi, erinnya ly’omu Afrika erisinga obunene ku lukalala. === Enkola y'eggwanga === ==== Obubonero bw'eggwanga ==== Mu myezi ebiri nga bamaze okutandika okukulembera, gavumenti ya Banda yateekawo ekiragiro okuddamu okukozesa bendera ya Malawi eyasooka eya 1964 "rising-sun", ng’eggyako eyakozesebwa mu 2010 wansi wa Bingu wa Mutharika.[51][52] Okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu Ku 18 May 2012 Banda yalangirira nti agenda kuggyawo amateeka agalwanyisa obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka.[53] Mu November Minisitule y’ebyamateeka yawa ekiragiro eky’okwewala okukwatibwa ku bantu abakola obufumbo obwo nga balina okukkiriziganya, nga balindirira okwekeneenya kwa Palamenti,[54] naye Kkooti Enkulu yasazaamu ekiragiro ekyo mu February 2016, ng’egamba nti Palamenti yokka ye esobola okusazaamu oba okuggyawo amateeka gano.[55] Newankubadde obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka bukyali mu mateeka, okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu kwongedde; Lilongwe yakuba olugendo lw’abavubuka ba LGBT olwasooka mu Malawi nga 26 June 2021.[56][[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] 1yj7tmnh92yupjcx0x037mcg06cv1sy 75833 75832 2026-10-01T10:37:25Z MEvalyn 9841 Added image 75833 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.[1] Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.[2] == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == Joyce Hilda Ntila yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi). Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda. Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27]Ebibiina mu DPP Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu myaka egyasooka okutuuka ku bukulembeze bwa Banda, Malawi yali mu mbeera embi ey’ebyenfuna olw’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala mu bufuzi bwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Mu mwaka ogwasembayo ogw’obufuzi bwa Mutharika, Bungereza, Amerika, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank ne African Development Bank byonna byaleka okuwa obuyambi bw’ebyensimbi. Baalaga okutya ku bikolwa bya Mutharika ku demokulasiya mu ggwanga n’obukulembeze bwe obwali butandise okubaamu obutabanguko. Mu March 2012, Mutharika yagamba abakungu bano abava ebweru nti “mugende mu hell.” Yabalumiriza okutegeka okuggyawo gavumenti ye.[48] Ekimu ku bizibu bya Banda ng’omukulembeze kyali kuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi. Era yalina ekizibu eky’okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’eggwanga lye erya Malawi nga Mozambique, n’amawanga agali mu kitundu nga Botswana. Mu wiiki esooka ey’obufuzi bwe, Banda yatandika okukola enkolagana empya okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana ya Malawi n’amawanga amalala.[49] Yayogera ne Henry Bellingham ow’ekitongole kya United Kingdom’s Foreign Office. Yamusuubiza nti omubaka omupya owa Bungereza ajja kutumibwa “mu kiseera ekisinga obumpi.” Yayogera ne Secretary of State Hillary Clinton owa Amerika. Clinton yasubiza okuddamu okuteesa ku ssente za $350 million ez’amasannyalaze mu bwangu ddala. Banda yalangirira enteekateeka okwogera ne Baroness Ashton ow’ekitongole kya European Union’s Foreign Affairs office ne Ruby Randall, omukiise wa IMF mu Malawi. Ye ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Michael Sata baali bamaze okuteesa ku kuddamu okukola enkolagana ennungi.[49] Okusanyusa abawa obuyambi, gavumenti ya Banda era yagaana mu June 2012 okutegekera olukiiko lw’African Union mu July kubanga AU yali egambye nti pulezidenti wa Sudan Omar al-Bashir aweebwe obukakafu nti Malawi ejja kwegaana okuweereza ekiragiro kya ICC ekimukwata; Cabinet yasalawo nti embeera zino tezikkirizibwa.[50] Banda yayogerwako Forbes nga omukyala ow’amaanyi asinga obungi mu nsi, erinnya ly’omu Afrika erisinga obunene ku lukalala. === Enkola y'eggwanga === ==== Obubonero bw'eggwanga ==== [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] Mu myezi ebiri nga bamaze okutandika okukulembera, gavumenti ya Banda yateekawo ekiragiro okuddamu okukozesa bendera ya Malawi eyasooka eya 1964 "rising-sun", ng’eggyako eyakozesebwa mu 2010 wansi wa Bingu wa Mutharika.[51][52] Okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu Ku 18 May 2012 Banda yalangirira nti agenda kuggyawo amateeka agalwanyisa obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka.[53] Mu November Minisitule y’ebyamateeka yawa ekiragiro eky’okwewala okukwatibwa ku bantu abakola obufumbo obwo nga balina okukkiriziganya, nga balindirira okwekeneenya kwa Palamenti,[54] naye Kkooti Enkulu yasazaamu ekiragiro ekyo mu February 2016, ng’egamba nti Palamenti yokka ye esobola okusazaamu oba okuggyawo amateeka gano.[55] Newankubadde obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka bukyali mu mateeka, okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu kwongedde; Lilongwe yakuba olugendo lw’abavubuka ba LGBT olwasooka mu Malawi nga 26 June 2021.[56][[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] kemfhnqqfanaoq340qmpvlqv4igl2vw 75834 75833 2026-10-01T10:38:06Z MEvalyn 9841 75834 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.[1] Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.[2] == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == Joyce Hilda Ntila yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi). Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda. Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27]Ebibiina mu DPP Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu myaka egyasooka okutuuka ku bukulembeze bwa Banda, Malawi yali mu mbeera embi ey’ebyenfuna olw’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala mu bufuzi bwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Mu mwaka ogwasembayo ogw’obufuzi bwa Mutharika, Bungereza, Amerika, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank ne African Development Bank byonna byaleka okuwa obuyambi bw’ebyensimbi. Baalaga okutya ku bikolwa bya Mutharika ku demokulasiya mu ggwanga n’obukulembeze bwe obwali butandise okubaamu obutabanguko. Mu March 2012, Mutharika yagamba abakungu bano abava ebweru nti “mugende mu hell.” Yabalumiriza okutegeka okuggyawo gavumenti ye.[48] Ekimu ku bizibu bya Banda ng’omukulembeze kyali kuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi. Era yalina ekizibu eky’okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’eggwanga lye erya Malawi nga Mozambique, n’amawanga agali mu kitundu nga Botswana. Mu wiiki esooka ey’obufuzi bwe, Banda yatandika okukola enkolagana empya okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana ya Malawi n’amawanga amalala.[49] Yayogera ne Henry Bellingham ow’ekitongole kya United Kingdom’s Foreign Office. Yamusuubiza nti omubaka omupya owa Bungereza ajja kutumibwa “mu kiseera ekisinga obumpi.” Yayogera ne Secretary of State Hillary Clinton owa Amerika. Clinton yasubiza okuddamu okuteesa ku ssente za $350 million ez’amasannyalaze mu bwangu ddala. Banda yalangirira enteekateeka okwogera ne Baroness Ashton ow’ekitongole kya European Union’s Foreign Affairs office ne Ruby Randall, omukiise wa IMF mu Malawi. Ye ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Michael Sata baali bamaze okuteesa ku kuddamu okukola enkolagana ennungi.[49] Okusanyusa abawa obuyambi, gavumenti ya Banda era yagaana mu June 2012 okutegekera olukiiko lw’African Union mu July kubanga AU yali egambye nti pulezidenti wa Sudan Omar al-Bashir aweebwe obukakafu nti Malawi ejja kwegaana okuweereza ekiragiro kya ICC ekimukwata; Cabinet yasalawo nti embeera zino tezikkirizibwa.[50] Banda yayogerwako Forbes nga omukyala ow’amaanyi asinga obungi mu nsi, erinnya ly’omu Afrika erisinga obunene ku lukalala. === Enkola y'eggwanga === ==== Obubonero bw'eggwanga ==== [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] Mu myezi ebiri nga bamaze okutandika okukulembera, gavumenti ya Banda yateekawo ekiragiro okuddamu okukozesa bendera ya Malawi eyasooka eya 1964 "rising-sun", ng’eggyako eyakozesebwa mu 2010 wansi wa Bingu wa Mutharika.[51][52] ==== Okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu ==== Ku 18 May 2012 Banda yalangirira nti agenda kuggyawo amateeka agalwanyisa obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka.[53] Mu November Minisitule y’ebyamateeka yawa ekiragiro eky’okwewala okukwatibwa ku bantu abakola obufumbo obwo nga balina okukkiriziganya, nga balindirira okwekeneenya kwa Palamenti,[54] naye Kkooti Enkulu yasazaamu ekiragiro ekyo mu February 2016, ng’egamba nti Palamenti yokka ye esobola okusazaamu oba okuggyawo amateeka gano.[55] Newankubadde obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka bukyali mu mateeka, okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu kwongedde; Lilongwe yakuba olugendo lw’abavubuka ba LGBT olwasooka mu Malawi nga 26 June 2021.[56][[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] 1wzawm30hjo8wbesay1jdkk9x0ra5hy 75835 75834 2026-10-01T10:39:08Z MEvalyn 9841 75835 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.[1] Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.[2] == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == Joyce Hilda Ntila yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi). Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda. Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27]Ebibiina mu DPP Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu myaka egyasooka okutuuka ku bukulembeze bwa Banda, Malawi yali mu mbeera embi ey’ebyenfuna olw’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala mu bufuzi bwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Mu mwaka ogwasembayo ogw’obufuzi bwa Mutharika, Bungereza, Amerika, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank ne African Development Bank byonna byaleka okuwa obuyambi bw’ebyensimbi. Baalaga okutya ku bikolwa bya Mutharika ku demokulasiya mu ggwanga n’obukulembeze bwe obwali butandise okubaamu obutabanguko. Mu March 2012, Mutharika yagamba abakungu bano abava ebweru nti “mugende mu hell.” Yabalumiriza okutegeka okuggyawo gavumenti ye.[48] Ekimu ku bizibu bya Banda ng’omukulembeze kyali kuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi. Era yalina ekizibu eky’okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’eggwanga lye erya Malawi nga Mozambique, n’amawanga agali mu kitundu nga Botswana. Mu wiiki esooka ey’obufuzi bwe, Banda yatandika okukola enkolagana empya okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana ya Malawi n’amawanga amalala.[49] Yayogera ne Henry Bellingham ow’ekitongole kya United Kingdom’s Foreign Office. Yamusuubiza nti omubaka omupya owa Bungereza ajja kutumibwa “mu kiseera ekisinga obumpi.” Yayogera ne Secretary of State Hillary Clinton owa Amerika. Clinton yasubiza okuddamu okuteesa ku ssente za $350 million ez’amasannyalaze mu bwangu ddala. Banda yalangirira enteekateeka okwogera ne Baroness Ashton ow’ekitongole kya European Union’s Foreign Affairs office ne Ruby Randall, omukiise wa IMF mu Malawi. Ye ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Michael Sata baali bamaze okuteesa ku kuddamu okukola enkolagana ennungi.[49] Okusanyusa abawa obuyambi, gavumenti ya Banda era yagaana mu June 2012 okutegekera olukiiko lw’African Union mu July kubanga AU yali egambye nti pulezidenti wa Sudan Omar al-Bashir aweebwe obukakafu nti Malawi ejja kwegaana okuweereza ekiragiro kya ICC ekimukwata; Cabinet yasalawo nti embeera zino tezikkirizibwa.[50] Banda yayogerwako Forbes nga omukyala ow’amaanyi asinga obungi mu nsi, erinnya ly’omu Afrika erisinga obunene ku lukalala. === Enkola y'eggwanga === ==== Obubonero bw'eggwanga ==== [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] Mu myezi ebiri nga bamaze okutandika okukulembera, gavumenti ya Banda yateekawo ekiragiro okuddamu okukozesa bendera ya Malawi eyasooka eya 1964 "rising-sun", ng’eggyako eyakozesebwa mu 2010 wansi wa Bingu wa Mutharika.[51][52] ==== Okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu ==== Ku 18 May 2012 Banda yalangirira nti agenda kuggyawo amateeka agalwanyisa obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka.[53] Mu November Minisitule y’ebyamateeka yawa ekiragiro eky’okwewala okukwatibwa ku bantu abakola obufumbo obwo nga balina okukkiriziganya, nga balindirira okwekeneenya kwa Palamenti,[54] naye Kkooti Enkulu yasazaamu ekiragiro ekyo mu February 2016, ng’egamba nti Palamenti yokka ye esobola okusazaamu oba okuggyawo amateeka gano.[55] Newankubadde obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka bukyali mu mateeka, okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu kwongedde; Lilongwe yakuba olugendo lw’abavubuka ba LGBT olwasooka mu Malawi nga 26 June 2021.[56] Enkyukakyuka mu by’enfuna n’ensimbi Mu kugoberera amagezi ga International Monetary Fund (IMF), Banda yateekawo enkola y’okukyusa omuwendo gw’ensimbi, era nga 7 May 2012, yakendeeza omuwendo gwa Malawian kwacha ku bitundu 33 ku buli kikumi okusinziira ku ddoola ya Amerika okusobola okuggyawo akatale akatono akaliwo n’okufunamu obuyambi okuva ebweru.[57] Obuzibu obw’akaseera akatono: Okukendeeza omuwendo gw’ensimbi wamu n’okuteeka ebbeeyi y’amafuta mu mikono gy’abantu, kyaleetera okweyongera kw’ebbeeyi y’ebintu okutuuka ku bitundu 34 ku buli kikumi era ne kuleeta okwegugunga n’okulaga obutali bumativu mu January 2013.[58] [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] a0hbmiv0e3f0uvck65d5s0hi48toa6e 75836 75835 2026-10-01T10:39:20Z MEvalyn 9841 75836 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.[1] Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.[2] == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == Joyce Hilda Ntila yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi). Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda. Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27]Ebibiina mu DPP Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu myaka egyasooka okutuuka ku bukulembeze bwa Banda, Malawi yali mu mbeera embi ey’ebyenfuna olw’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala mu bufuzi bwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Mu mwaka ogwasembayo ogw’obufuzi bwa Mutharika, Bungereza, Amerika, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank ne African Development Bank byonna byaleka okuwa obuyambi bw’ebyensimbi. Baalaga okutya ku bikolwa bya Mutharika ku demokulasiya mu ggwanga n’obukulembeze bwe obwali butandise okubaamu obutabanguko. Mu March 2012, Mutharika yagamba abakungu bano abava ebweru nti “mugende mu hell.” Yabalumiriza okutegeka okuggyawo gavumenti ye.[48] Ekimu ku bizibu bya Banda ng’omukulembeze kyali kuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi. Era yalina ekizibu eky’okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’eggwanga lye erya Malawi nga Mozambique, n’amawanga agali mu kitundu nga Botswana. Mu wiiki esooka ey’obufuzi bwe, Banda yatandika okukola enkolagana empya okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana ya Malawi n’amawanga amalala.[49] Yayogera ne Henry Bellingham ow’ekitongole kya United Kingdom’s Foreign Office. Yamusuubiza nti omubaka omupya owa Bungereza ajja kutumibwa “mu kiseera ekisinga obumpi.” Yayogera ne Secretary of State Hillary Clinton owa Amerika. Clinton yasubiza okuddamu okuteesa ku ssente za $350 million ez’amasannyalaze mu bwangu ddala. Banda yalangirira enteekateeka okwogera ne Baroness Ashton ow’ekitongole kya European Union’s Foreign Affairs office ne Ruby Randall, omukiise wa IMF mu Malawi. Ye ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Michael Sata baali bamaze okuteesa ku kuddamu okukola enkolagana ennungi.[49] Okusanyusa abawa obuyambi, gavumenti ya Banda era yagaana mu June 2012 okutegekera olukiiko lw’African Union mu July kubanga AU yali egambye nti pulezidenti wa Sudan Omar al-Bashir aweebwe obukakafu nti Malawi ejja kwegaana okuweereza ekiragiro kya ICC ekimukwata; Cabinet yasalawo nti embeera zino tezikkirizibwa.[50] Banda yayogerwako Forbes nga omukyala ow’amaanyi asinga obungi mu nsi, erinnya ly’omu Afrika erisinga obunene ku lukalala. === Enkola y'eggwanga === ==== Obubonero bw'eggwanga ==== [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] Mu myezi ebiri nga bamaze okutandika okukulembera, gavumenti ya Banda yateekawo ekiragiro okuddamu okukozesa bendera ya Malawi eyasooka eya 1964 "rising-sun", ng’eggyako eyakozesebwa mu 2010 wansi wa Bingu wa Mutharika.[51][52] ==== Okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu ==== Ku 18 May 2012 Banda yalangirira nti agenda kuggyawo amateeka agalwanyisa obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka.[53] Mu November Minisitule y’ebyamateeka yawa ekiragiro eky’okwewala okukwatibwa ku bantu abakola obufumbo obwo nga balina okukkiriziganya, nga balindirira okwekeneenya kwa Palamenti,[54] naye Kkooti Enkulu yasazaamu ekiragiro ekyo mu February 2016, ng’egamba nti Palamenti yokka ye esobola okusazaamu oba okuggyawo amateeka gano.[55] Newankubadde obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka bukyali mu mateeka, okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu kwongedde; Lilongwe yakuba olugendo lw’abavubuka ba LGBT olwasooka mu Malawi nga 26 June 2021.[56] Enkyukakyuka mu by’enfuna n’ensimbi Mu kugoberera amagezi ga International Monetary Fund (IMF), Banda yateekawo enkola y’okukyusa omuwendo gw’ensimbi, era nga 7 May 2012, yakendeeza omuwendo gwa Malawian kwacha ku bitundu 33 ku buli kikumi okusinziira ku ddoola ya Amerika okusobola okuggyawo akatale akatono akaliwo n’okufunamu obuyambi okuva ebweru.[57] Obuzibu obw’akaseera akatono: Okukendeeza omuwendo gw’ensimbi wamu n’okuteeka ebbeeyi y’amafuta mu mikono gy’abantu, kyaleetera okweyongera kw’ebbeeyi y’ebintu okutuuka ku bitundu 34 ku buli kikumi era ne kuleeta okwegugunga n’okulaga obutali bumativu mu January 2013.[58] Okuddamu okuzimba mu kiseera ekya wakati: Ku nkomerero ya 2013, IMF yagamba nti “okuddamu okuzimba kutandise… nga kuyambibwa okwongera okufuna ensimbi eziva ebweru” era nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu yatandika okukka.[59] Ekibiina kya Southern African Development Community kyategeka nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu ejja kukendeera okutuuka ku bitundu 19.6 ku buli kikumi mu 2014 ng’omuwendo gw’ensimbi gukutte mu mbeera.[60] Enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi: U.S. Congressional Research Service yalaga nti abawa obuyambi abasinga abaali basazizzaamu obuyambi bw’ensimbi mu kiseera kya Mutharika baabuzzaayo oluvannyuma lw’enkyukakyuka za Banda, nga mwemuli n’endagaano ya US $350-million eya Millennium Challenge Corporation.[61] Enkyukakyuka zino zaateekebwako mu pulogulaamu ya gavumenti ey’okuddamu okuzimba mu by’enfuna eya 2012–2014, eyateeka enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu katale wamu n’enteekateeka z’okukuuma abantu mu mbeera y’obulamu.[62][[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] 1plsd8hfem9lc3d9xiemwupp6yqns2a 75837 75836 2026-10-01T10:40:35Z MEvalyn 9841 Added image 75837 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.[1] Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.[2] == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == Joyce Hilda Ntila yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi). Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda. Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27]Ebibiina mu DPP Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu myaka egyasooka okutuuka ku bukulembeze bwa Banda, Malawi yali mu mbeera embi ey’ebyenfuna olw’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala mu bufuzi bwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Mu mwaka ogwasembayo ogw’obufuzi bwa Mutharika, Bungereza, Amerika, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank ne African Development Bank byonna byaleka okuwa obuyambi bw’ebyensimbi. Baalaga okutya ku bikolwa bya Mutharika ku demokulasiya mu ggwanga n’obukulembeze bwe obwali butandise okubaamu obutabanguko. Mu March 2012, Mutharika yagamba abakungu bano abava ebweru nti “mugende mu hell.” Yabalumiriza okutegeka okuggyawo gavumenti ye.[48] Ekimu ku bizibu bya Banda ng’omukulembeze kyali kuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi. Era yalina ekizibu eky’okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’eggwanga lye erya Malawi nga Mozambique, n’amawanga agali mu kitundu nga Botswana. Mu wiiki esooka ey’obufuzi bwe, Banda yatandika okukola enkolagana empya okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana ya Malawi n’amawanga amalala.[49] Yayogera ne Henry Bellingham ow’ekitongole kya United Kingdom’s Foreign Office. Yamusuubiza nti omubaka omupya owa Bungereza ajja kutumibwa “mu kiseera ekisinga obumpi.” Yayogera ne Secretary of State Hillary Clinton owa Amerika. Clinton yasubiza okuddamu okuteesa ku ssente za $350 million ez’amasannyalaze mu bwangu ddala. Banda yalangirira enteekateeka okwogera ne Baroness Ashton ow’ekitongole kya European Union’s Foreign Affairs office ne Ruby Randall, omukiise wa IMF mu Malawi. Ye ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Michael Sata baali bamaze okuteesa ku kuddamu okukola enkolagana ennungi.[49] Okusanyusa abawa obuyambi, gavumenti ya Banda era yagaana mu June 2012 okutegekera olukiiko lw’African Union mu July kubanga AU yali egambye nti pulezidenti wa Sudan Omar al-Bashir aweebwe obukakafu nti Malawi ejja kwegaana okuweereza ekiragiro kya ICC ekimukwata; Cabinet yasalawo nti embeera zino tezikkirizibwa.[50] Banda yayogerwako Forbes nga omukyala ow’amaanyi asinga obungi mu nsi, erinnya ly’omu Afrika erisinga obunene ku lukalala. === Enkola y'eggwanga === ==== Obubonero bw'eggwanga ==== [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] Mu myezi ebiri nga bamaze okutandika okukulembera, gavumenti ya Banda yateekawo ekiragiro okuddamu okukozesa bendera ya Malawi eyasooka eya 1964 "rising-sun", ng’eggyako eyakozesebwa mu 2010 wansi wa Bingu wa Mutharika.[51][52] ==== Okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu ==== [[File:Flag of Malawi (2010–2012).svg|thumb|Bbendera etamanyiddwa eya 2010–2012]] Ku 18 May 2012 Banda yalangirira nti agenda kuggyawo amateeka agalwanyisa obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka.[53] Mu November Minisitule y’ebyamateeka yawa ekiragiro eky’okwewala okukwatibwa ku bantu abakola obufumbo obwo nga balina okukkiriziganya, nga balindirira okwekeneenya kwa Palamenti,[54] naye Kkooti Enkulu yasazaamu ekiragiro ekyo mu February 2016, ng’egamba nti Palamenti yokka ye esobola okusazaamu oba okuggyawo amateeka gano.[55] Newankubadde obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka bukyali mu mateeka, okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu kwongedde; Lilongwe yakuba olugendo lw’abavubuka ba LGBT olwasooka mu Malawi nga 26 June 2021.[56] Enkyukakyuka mu by’enfuna n’ensimbi Mu kugoberera amagezi ga International Monetary Fund (IMF), Banda yateekawo enkola y’okukyusa omuwendo gw’ensimbi, era nga 7 May 2012, yakendeeza omuwendo gwa Malawian kwacha ku bitundu 33 ku buli kikumi okusinziira ku ddoola ya Amerika okusobola okuggyawo akatale akatono akaliwo n’okufunamu obuyambi okuva ebweru.[57] Obuzibu obw’akaseera akatono: Okukendeeza omuwendo gw’ensimbi wamu n’okuteeka ebbeeyi y’amafuta mu mikono gy’abantu, kyaleetera okweyongera kw’ebbeeyi y’ebintu okutuuka ku bitundu 34 ku buli kikumi era ne kuleeta okwegugunga n’okulaga obutali bumativu mu January 2013.[58] Okuddamu okuzimba mu kiseera ekya wakati: Ku nkomerero ya 2013, IMF yagamba nti “okuddamu okuzimba kutandise… nga kuyambibwa okwongera okufuna ensimbi eziva ebweru” era nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu yatandika okukka.[59] Ekibiina kya Southern African Development Community kyategeka nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu ejja kukendeera okutuuka ku bitundu 19.6 ku buli kikumi mu 2014 ng’omuwendo gw’ensimbi gukutte mu mbeera.[60] Enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi: U.S. Congressional Research Service yalaga nti abawa obuyambi abasinga abaali basazizzaamu obuyambi bw’ensimbi mu kiseera kya Mutharika baabuzzaayo oluvannyuma lw’enkyukakyuka za Banda, nga mwemuli n’endagaano ya US $350-million eya Millennium Challenge Corporation.[61] Enkyukakyuka zino zaateekebwako mu pulogulaamu ya gavumenti ey’okuddamu okuzimba mu by’enfuna eya 2012–2014, eyateeka enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu katale wamu n’enteekateeka z’okukuuma abantu mu mbeera y’obulamu.[62][[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] pwmw9qkz2pcsm12bxp1579xacqb9mbr 75838 75837 2026-10-01T10:41:49Z MEvalyn 9841 75838 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.[1] Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.[2] == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == Joyce Hilda Ntila yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi). Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda. Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27]Ebibiina mu DPP Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu myaka egyasooka okutuuka ku bukulembeze bwa Banda, Malawi yali mu mbeera embi ey’ebyenfuna olw’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala mu bufuzi bwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Mu mwaka ogwasembayo ogw’obufuzi bwa Mutharika, Bungereza, Amerika, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank ne African Development Bank byonna byaleka okuwa obuyambi bw’ebyensimbi. Baalaga okutya ku bikolwa bya Mutharika ku demokulasiya mu ggwanga n’obukulembeze bwe obwali butandise okubaamu obutabanguko. Mu March 2012, Mutharika yagamba abakungu bano abava ebweru nti “mugende mu hell.” Yabalumiriza okutegeka okuggyawo gavumenti ye.[48] Ekimu ku bizibu bya Banda ng’omukulembeze kyali kuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi. Era yalina ekizibu eky’okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’eggwanga lye erya Malawi nga Mozambique, n’amawanga agali mu kitundu nga Botswana. Mu wiiki esooka ey’obufuzi bwe, Banda yatandika okukola enkolagana empya okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana ya Malawi n’amawanga amalala.[49] Yayogera ne Henry Bellingham ow’ekitongole kya United Kingdom’s Foreign Office. Yamusuubiza nti omubaka omupya owa Bungereza ajja kutumibwa “mu kiseera ekisinga obumpi.” Yayogera ne Secretary of State Hillary Clinton owa Amerika. Clinton yasubiza okuddamu okuteesa ku ssente za $350 million ez’amasannyalaze mu bwangu ddala. Banda yalangirira enteekateeka okwogera ne Baroness Ashton ow’ekitongole kya European Union’s Foreign Affairs office ne Ruby Randall, omukiise wa IMF mu Malawi. Ye ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Michael Sata baali bamaze okuteesa ku kuddamu okukola enkolagana ennungi.[49] Okusanyusa abawa obuyambi, gavumenti ya Banda era yagaana mu June 2012 okutegekera olukiiko lw’African Union mu July kubanga AU yali egambye nti pulezidenti wa Sudan Omar al-Bashir aweebwe obukakafu nti Malawi ejja kwegaana okuweereza ekiragiro kya ICC ekimukwata; Cabinet yasalawo nti embeera zino tezikkirizibwa.[50] Banda yayogerwako Forbes nga omukyala ow’amaanyi asinga obungi mu nsi, erinnya ly’omu Afrika erisinga obunene ku lukalala. === Enkola y'eggwanga === ==== Obubonero bw'eggwanga ==== [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] Mu myezi ebiri nga bamaze okutandika okukulembera, gavumenti ya Banda yateekawo ekiragiro okuddamu okukozesa bendera ya Malawi eyasooka eya 1964 "rising-sun", ng’eggyako eyakozesebwa mu 2010 wansi wa Bingu wa Mutharika.[51][52] ==== Okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu ==== [[File:Flag of Malawi (2010–2012).svg|thumb|Bbendera etamanyiddwa eya 2010–2012]] Ku 18 May 2012 Banda yalangirira nti agenda kuggyawo amateeka agalwanyisa obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka.[53] Mu November Minisitule y’ebyamateeka yawa ekiragiro eky’okwewala okukwatibwa ku bantu abakola obufumbo obwo nga balina okukkiriziganya, nga balindirira okwekeneenya kwa Palamenti,[54] naye Kkooti Enkulu yasazaamu ekiragiro ekyo mu February 2016, ng’egamba nti Palamenti yokka ye esobola okusazaamu oba okuggyawo amateeka gano.[55] Newankubadde obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka bukyali mu mateeka, okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu kwongedde; Lilongwe yakuba olugendo lw’abavubuka ba LGBT olwasooka mu Malawi nga 26 June 2021.[56] Enkyukakyuka mu by’enfuna n’ensimbi Mu kugoberera amagezi ga International Monetary Fund (IMF), Banda yateekawo enkola y’okukyusa omuwendo gw’ensimbi, era nga 7 May 2012, yakendeeza omuwendo gwa Malawian kwacha ku bitundu 33 ku buli kikumi okusinziira ku ddoola ya Amerika okusobola okuggyawo akatale akatono akaliwo n’okufunamu obuyambi okuva ebweru.[57] * Obuzibu obw’akaseera akatono: Okukendeeza omuwendo gw’ensimbi wamu n’okuteeka ebbeeyi y’amafuta mu mikono gy’abantu, kyaleetera okweyongera kw’ebbeeyi y’ebintu okutuuka ku bitundu 34 ku buli kikumi era ne kuleeta okwegugunga n’okulaga obutali bumativu mu January 2013.[58] * Okuddamu okuzimba mu kiseera ekya wakati: Ku nkomerero ya 2013, IMF yagamba nti “okuddamu okuzimba kutandise… nga kuyambibwa okwongera okufuna ensimbi eziva ebweru” era nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu yatandika okukka.[59] Ekibiina kya Southern African Development Community kyategeka nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu ejja kukendeera okutuuka ku bitundu 19.6 ku buli kikumi mu 2014 ng’omuwendo gw’ensimbi gukutte mu mbeera.[60] * Enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi: U.S. Congressional Research Service yalaga nti abawa obuyambi abasinga abaali basazizzaamu obuyambi bw’ensimbi mu kiseera kya Mutharika baabuzzaayo oluvannyuma lw’enkyukakyuka za Banda, nga mwemuli n’endagaano ya US $350-million eya Millennium Challenge Corporation.[61] Enkyukakyuka zino zaateekebwako mu pulogulaamu ya gavumenti ey’okuddamu okuzimba mu by’enfuna eya 2012–2014, eyateeka enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu katale wamu n’enteekateeka z’okukuuma abantu mu mbeera y’obulamu.[62][[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] c0khedvpjyh34ul3odjtftwigjn6soi 75839 75838 2026-10-01T10:43:16Z MEvalyn 9841 Deleted repeated image 75839 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.[1] Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.[2] == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == Joyce Hilda Ntila yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi). Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda. Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27]Ebibiina mu DPP Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu myaka egyasooka okutuuka ku bukulembeze bwa Banda, Malawi yali mu mbeera embi ey’ebyenfuna olw’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala mu bufuzi bwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Mu mwaka ogwasembayo ogw’obufuzi bwa Mutharika, Bungereza, Amerika, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank ne African Development Bank byonna byaleka okuwa obuyambi bw’ebyensimbi. Baalaga okutya ku bikolwa bya Mutharika ku demokulasiya mu ggwanga n’obukulembeze bwe obwali butandise okubaamu obutabanguko. Mu March 2012, Mutharika yagamba abakungu bano abava ebweru nti “mugende mu hell.” Yabalumiriza okutegeka okuggyawo gavumenti ye.[48] Ekimu ku bizibu bya Banda ng’omukulembeze kyali kuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi. Era yalina ekizibu eky’okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’eggwanga lye erya Malawi nga Mozambique, n’amawanga agali mu kitundu nga Botswana. Mu wiiki esooka ey’obufuzi bwe, Banda yatandika okukola enkolagana empya okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana ya Malawi n’amawanga amalala.[49] Yayogera ne Henry Bellingham ow’ekitongole kya United Kingdom’s Foreign Office. Yamusuubiza nti omubaka omupya owa Bungereza ajja kutumibwa “mu kiseera ekisinga obumpi.” Yayogera ne Secretary of State Hillary Clinton owa Amerika. Clinton yasubiza okuddamu okuteesa ku ssente za $350 million ez’amasannyalaze mu bwangu ddala. Banda yalangirira enteekateeka okwogera ne Baroness Ashton ow’ekitongole kya European Union’s Foreign Affairs office ne Ruby Randall, omukiise wa IMF mu Malawi. Ye ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Michael Sata baali bamaze okuteesa ku kuddamu okukola enkolagana ennungi.[49] Okusanyusa abawa obuyambi, gavumenti ya Banda era yagaana mu June 2012 okutegekera olukiiko lw’African Union mu July kubanga AU yali egambye nti pulezidenti wa Sudan Omar al-Bashir aweebwe obukakafu nti Malawi ejja kwegaana okuweereza ekiragiro kya ICC ekimukwata; Cabinet yasalawo nti embeera zino tezikkirizibwa.[50] Banda yayogerwako Forbes nga omukyala ow’amaanyi asinga obungi mu nsi, erinnya ly’omu Afrika erisinga obunene ku lukalala. === Enkola y'eggwanga === ==== Obubonero bw'eggwanga ==== [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] Mu myezi ebiri nga bamaze okutandika okukulembera, gavumenti ya Banda yateekawo ekiragiro okuddamu okukozesa bendera ya Malawi eyasooka eya 1964 "rising-sun", ng’eggyako eyakozesebwa mu 2010 wansi wa Bingu wa Mutharika.[51][52] ==== Okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu ==== [[File:Flag of Malawi (2010–2012).svg|thumb|Bbendera etamanyiddwa eya 2010–2012]] Ku 18 May 2012 Banda yalangirira nti agenda kuggyawo amateeka agalwanyisa obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka.[53] Mu November Minisitule y’ebyamateeka yawa ekiragiro eky’okwewala okukwatibwa ku bantu abakola obufumbo obwo nga balina okukkiriziganya, nga balindirira okwekeneenya kwa Palamenti,[54] naye Kkooti Enkulu yasazaamu ekiragiro ekyo mu February 2016, ng’egamba nti Palamenti yokka ye esobola okusazaamu oba okuggyawo amateeka gano.[55] Newankubadde obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka bukyali mu mateeka, okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu kwongedde; Lilongwe yakuba olugendo lw’abavubuka ba LGBT olwasooka mu Malawi nga 26 June 2021.[56] Enkyukakyuka mu by’enfuna n’ensimbi Mu kugoberera amagezi ga International Monetary Fund (IMF), Banda yateekawo enkola y’okukyusa omuwendo gw’ensimbi, era nga 7 May 2012, yakendeeza omuwendo gwa Malawian kwacha ku bitundu 33 ku buli kikumi okusinziira ku ddoola ya Amerika okusobola okuggyawo akatale akatono akaliwo n’okufunamu obuyambi okuva ebweru.[57] * Obuzibu obw’akaseera akatono: Okukendeeza omuwendo gw’ensimbi wamu n’okuteeka ebbeeyi y’amafuta mu mikono gy’abantu, kyaleetera okweyongera kw’ebbeeyi y’ebintu okutuuka ku bitundu 34 ku buli kikumi era ne kuleeta okwegugunga n’okulaga obutali bumativu mu January 2013.[58] * Okuddamu okuzimba mu kiseera ekya wakati: Ku nkomerero ya 2013, IMF yagamba nti “okuddamu okuzimba kutandise… nga kuyambibwa okwongera okufuna ensimbi eziva ebweru” era nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu yatandika okukka.[59] Ekibiina kya Southern African Development Community kyategeka nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu ejja kukendeera okutuuka ku bitundu 19.6 ku buli kikumi mu 2014 ng’omuwendo gw’ensimbi gukutte mu mbeera.[60] * Enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi: U.S. Congressional Research Service yalaga nti abawa obuyambi abasinga abaali basazizzaamu obuyambi bw’ensimbi mu kiseera kya Mutharika baabuzzaayo oluvannyuma lw’enkyukakyuka za Banda, nga mwemuli n’endagaano ya US $350-million eya Millennium Challenge Corporation.[61] Enkyukakyuka zino zaateekebwako mu pulogulaamu ya gavumenti ey’okuddamu okuzimba mu by’enfuna eya 2012–2014, eyateeka enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu katale wamu n’enteekateeka z’okukuuma abantu mu mbeera y’obulamu.[62] i74nbrz5oe96nyjreono0q8ba55j7jg 75840 75839 2026-10-01T10:46:20Z MEvalyn 9841 75840 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.[1] Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.[2] == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == Joyce Hilda Ntila yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi). Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda. Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27]Ebibiina mu DPP Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu myaka egyasooka okutuuka ku bukulembeze bwa Banda, Malawi yali mu mbeera embi ey’ebyenfuna olw’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala mu bufuzi bwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Mu mwaka ogwasembayo ogw’obufuzi bwa Mutharika, Bungereza, Amerika, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank ne African Development Bank byonna byaleka okuwa obuyambi bw’ebyensimbi. Baalaga okutya ku bikolwa bya Mutharika ku demokulasiya mu ggwanga n’obukulembeze bwe obwali butandise okubaamu obutabanguko. Mu March 2012, Mutharika yagamba abakungu bano abava ebweru nti “mugende mu hell.” Yabalumiriza okutegeka okuggyawo gavumenti ye.[48] Ekimu ku bizibu bya Banda ng’omukulembeze kyali kuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi. Era yalina ekizibu eky’okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’eggwanga lye erya Malawi nga Mozambique, n’amawanga agali mu kitundu nga Botswana. Mu wiiki esooka ey’obufuzi bwe, Banda yatandika okukola enkolagana empya okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana ya Malawi n’amawanga amalala.[49] Yayogera ne Henry Bellingham ow’ekitongole kya United Kingdom’s Foreign Office. Yamusuubiza nti omubaka omupya owa Bungereza ajja kutumibwa “mu kiseera ekisinga obumpi.” Yayogera ne Secretary of State Hillary Clinton owa Amerika. Clinton yasubiza okuddamu okuteesa ku ssente za $350 million ez’amasannyalaze mu bwangu ddala. Banda yalangirira enteekateeka okwogera ne Baroness Ashton ow’ekitongole kya European Union’s Foreign Affairs office ne Ruby Randall, omukiise wa IMF mu Malawi. Ye ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Michael Sata baali bamaze okuteesa ku kuddamu okukola enkolagana ennungi.[49] Okusanyusa abawa obuyambi, gavumenti ya Banda era yagaana mu June 2012 okutegekera olukiiko lw’African Union mu July kubanga AU yali egambye nti pulezidenti wa Sudan Omar al-Bashir aweebwe obukakafu nti Malawi ejja kwegaana okuweereza ekiragiro kya ICC ekimukwata; Cabinet yasalawo nti embeera zino tezikkirizibwa.[50] Banda yayogerwako Forbes nga omukyala ow’amaanyi asinga obungi mu nsi, erinnya ly’omu Afrika erisinga obunene ku lukalala. === Enkola y'eggwanga === ===== Obubonero bw'eggwanga ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] Mu myezi ebiri nga bamaze okutandika okukulembera, gavumenti ya Banda yateekawo ekiragiro okuddamu okukozesa bendera ya Malawi eyasooka eya 1964 "rising-sun", ng’eggyako eyakozesebwa mu 2010 wansi wa Bingu wa Mutharika.[51][52] ===== Okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi (2010–2012).svg|thumb|Bbendera etamanyiddwa eya 2010–2012]] Ku 18 May 2012 Banda yalangirira nti agenda kuggyawo amateeka agalwanyisa obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka.[53] Mu November Minisitule y’ebyamateeka yawa ekiragiro eky’okwewala okukwatibwa ku bantu abakola obufumbo obwo nga balina okukkiriziganya, nga balindirira okwekeneenya kwa Palamenti,[54] naye Kkooti Enkulu yasazaamu ekiragiro ekyo mu February 2016, ng’egamba nti Palamenti yokka ye esobola okusazaamu oba okuggyawo amateeka gano.[55] Newankubadde obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka bukyali mu mateeka, okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu kwongedde; Lilongwe yakuba olugendo lw’abavubuka ba LGBT olwasooka mu Malawi nga 26 June 2021.[56] ===== Enkyukakyuka mu by’enfuna n’ensimbi ===== Mu kugoberera amagezi ga International Monetary Fund (IMF), Banda yateekawo enkola y’okukyusa omuwendo gw’ensimbi, era nga 7 May 2012, yakendeeza omuwendo gwa Malawian kwacha ku bitundu 33 ku buli kikumi okusinziira ku ddoola ya Amerika okusobola okuggyawo akatale akatono akaliwo n’okufunamu obuyambi okuva ebweru.[57] * Obuzibu obw’akaseera akatono: Okukendeeza omuwendo gw’ensimbi wamu n’okuteeka ebbeeyi y’amafuta mu mikono gy’abantu, kyaleetera okweyongera kw’ebbeeyi y’ebintu okutuuka ku bitundu 34 ku buli kikumi era ne kuleeta okwegugunga n’okulaga obutali bumativu mu January 2013.[58] * Okuddamu okuzimba mu kiseera ekya wakati: Ku nkomerero ya 2013, IMF yagamba nti “okuddamu okuzimba kutandise… nga kuyambibwa okwongera okufuna ensimbi eziva ebweru” era nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu yatandika okukka.[59] Ekibiina kya Southern African Development Community kyategeka nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu ejja kukendeera okutuuka ku bitundu 19.6 ku buli kikumi mu 2014 ng’omuwendo gw’ensimbi gukutte mu mbeera.[60] * Enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi: U.S. Congressional Research Service yalaga nti abawa obuyambi abasinga abaali basazizzaamu obuyambi bw’ensimbi mu kiseera kya Mutharika baabuzzaayo oluvannyuma lw’enkyukakyuka za Banda, nga mwemuli n’endagaano ya US $350-million eya Millennium Challenge Corporation.[61] Enkyukakyuka zino zaateekebwako mu pulogulaamu ya gavumenti ey’okuddamu okuzimba mu by’enfuna eya 2012–2014, eyateeka enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu katale wamu n’enteekateeka z’okukuuma abantu mu mbeera y’obulamu.[62] ===== Obukadde n’ekyuma kya pulezidenti ===== Okusala ku nsimbi ezikozesebwa mu gavumenti, Banda yasuubiza okukendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30 ku buli kikumi era n’alagira okutunda ekifaananyi kya Dassault Falcon 900EX ekyagulibwa eyamuddirira. Ekifaananyi kino kyatundibwa eri Bohnox Enterprise eyali esangibwa mu British Virgin Islands ku doola za Amerika obukadde 15 mu May 2013.[63] Abakungu ba gavumenti baagamba nti ensimbi zino zaakozesebwa okusasula ebbanja ly’okulwanyisa ne Paramount Group n’okusasula emmere ya kasooli n’eddagala, naye ebibiina by’abantu baawakanya enteekateeka eno era ne basaba ebikwata ku ndagaano.[64] Okutegeeza kwa Parliament’s Public Accounts Committee mu 2021 kwalaga okunoonyereza okuggya ku nsonga eno, newankubadde tewali misango gy’obumenyi bw’amateeka egisimbiddwa mu kkooti.[65] ===== Enkola y’abantu ===== Wadde nga enkola za Banda zaaleeta obwesige mu bawandiisi b’ensimbi n’okufuna ssente z’ebweru, zaaleetawo okulinnya kw’ebbeeyi y’obulamu mu maka agali mu bibuga, ne zikendeeza obuwanguzi bwe mu bantu ng’agenda okulonda kwa 2014. Abanoonyereza bakyalina okwawukanako ku mugaso ogw’ebbanga ddene ogw’okukendeeza ebbeeyi mu 2012, newankubadde IMF ne World Bank balaga nti enkola eno yayamba okuziyiza obuzibu bw’ebyenfuna n’okuteekawo omusingi gw’enkulaakulana empya.[66] ===== Enteekateeka za Pulezidenti ===== Banda alaze obumanyirivu mu kulabirira obulamu bw’abakyala n’eddembe ly’okuzaala, nga asinga okuyita mu kusomesa abakyala ku Malawi. Yalaga obuwagizi bwe ng’atandika Presidential Initiative on Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood. Mu myaka ebiri gyokka, enteekateeka eno yalaga okukendeera kw’omuwendo gw’abakyala abafa nga bazaala okuva ku 675 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa okutuuka ku 460 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa.[67] 7pathqdpk1p10h5duh0f33dik0iw75r 75841 75840 2026-10-01T10:48:50Z MEvalyn 9841 75841 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.[1] Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.[2] == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == Joyce Hilda Ntila yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi). Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda. Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27]Ebibiina mu DPP Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu myaka egyasooka okutuuka ku bukulembeze bwa Banda, Malawi yali mu mbeera embi ey’ebyenfuna olw’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala mu bufuzi bwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Mu mwaka ogwasembayo ogw’obufuzi bwa Mutharika, Bungereza, Amerika, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank ne African Development Bank byonna byaleka okuwa obuyambi bw’ebyensimbi. Baalaga okutya ku bikolwa bya Mutharika ku demokulasiya mu ggwanga n’obukulembeze bwe obwali butandise okubaamu obutabanguko. Mu March 2012, Mutharika yagamba abakungu bano abava ebweru nti “mugende mu hell.” Yabalumiriza okutegeka okuggyawo gavumenti ye.[48] Ekimu ku bizibu bya Banda ng’omukulembeze kyali kuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi. Era yalina ekizibu eky’okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’eggwanga lye erya Malawi nga Mozambique, n’amawanga agali mu kitundu nga Botswana. Mu wiiki esooka ey’obufuzi bwe, Banda yatandika okukola enkolagana empya okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana ya Malawi n’amawanga amalala.[49] Yayogera ne Henry Bellingham ow’ekitongole kya United Kingdom’s Foreign Office. Yamusuubiza nti omubaka omupya owa Bungereza ajja kutumibwa “mu kiseera ekisinga obumpi.” Yayogera ne Secretary of State Hillary Clinton owa Amerika. Clinton yasubiza okuddamu okuteesa ku ssente za $350 million ez’amasannyalaze mu bwangu ddala. Banda yalangirira enteekateeka okwogera ne Baroness Ashton ow’ekitongole kya European Union’s Foreign Affairs office ne Ruby Randall, omukiise wa IMF mu Malawi. Ye ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Michael Sata baali bamaze okuteesa ku kuddamu okukola enkolagana ennungi.[49] Okusanyusa abawa obuyambi, gavumenti ya Banda era yagaana mu June 2012 okutegekera olukiiko lw’African Union mu July kubanga AU yali egambye nti pulezidenti wa Sudan Omar al-Bashir aweebwe obukakafu nti Malawi ejja kwegaana okuweereza ekiragiro kya ICC ekimukwata; Cabinet yasalawo nti embeera zino tezikkirizibwa.[50] Banda yayogerwako Forbes nga omukyala ow’amaanyi asinga obungi mu nsi, erinnya ly’omu Afrika erisinga obunene ku lukalala. === Enkola y'eggwanga === ===== Obubonero bw'eggwanga ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] Mu myezi ebiri nga bamaze okutandika okukulembera, gavumenti ya Banda yateekawo ekiragiro okuddamu okukozesa bendera ya Malawi eyasooka eya 1964 "rising-sun", ng’eggyako eyakozesebwa mu 2010 wansi wa Bingu wa Mutharika.[51][52] ===== Okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi (2010–2012).svg|thumb|Bbendera etamanyiddwa eya 2010–2012]] Ku 18 May 2012 Banda yalangirira nti agenda kuggyawo amateeka agalwanyisa obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka.[53] Mu November Minisitule y’ebyamateeka yawa ekiragiro eky’okwewala okukwatibwa ku bantu abakola obufumbo obwo nga balina okukkiriziganya, nga balindirira okwekeneenya kwa Palamenti,[54] naye Kkooti Enkulu yasazaamu ekiragiro ekyo mu February 2016, ng’egamba nti Palamenti yokka ye esobola okusazaamu oba okuggyawo amateeka gano.[55] Newankubadde obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka bukyali mu mateeka, okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu kwongedde; Lilongwe yakuba olugendo lw’abavubuka ba LGBT olwasooka mu Malawi nga 26 June 2021.[56] ===== Enkyukakyuka mu by’enfuna n’ensimbi ===== Mu kugoberera amagezi ga International Monetary Fund (IMF), Banda yateekawo enkola y’okukyusa omuwendo gw’ensimbi, era nga 7 May 2012, yakendeeza omuwendo gwa Malawian kwacha ku bitundu 33 ku buli kikumi okusinziira ku ddoola ya Amerika okusobola okuggyawo akatale akatono akaliwo n’okufunamu obuyambi okuva ebweru.[57] * Obuzibu obw’akaseera akatono: Okukendeeza omuwendo gw’ensimbi wamu n’okuteeka ebbeeyi y’amafuta mu mikono gy’abantu, kyaleetera okweyongera kw’ebbeeyi y’ebintu okutuuka ku bitundu 34 ku buli kikumi era ne kuleeta okwegugunga n’okulaga obutali bumativu mu January 2013.[58] * Okuddamu okuzimba mu kiseera ekya wakati: Ku nkomerero ya 2013, IMF yagamba nti “okuddamu okuzimba kutandise… nga kuyambibwa okwongera okufuna ensimbi eziva ebweru” era nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu yatandika okukka.[59] Ekibiina kya Southern African Development Community kyategeka nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu ejja kukendeera okutuuka ku bitundu 19.6 ku buli kikumi mu 2014 ng’omuwendo gw’ensimbi gukutte mu mbeera.[60] * Enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi: U.S. Congressional Research Service yalaga nti abawa obuyambi abasinga abaali basazizzaamu obuyambi bw’ensimbi mu kiseera kya Mutharika baabuzzaayo oluvannyuma lw’enkyukakyuka za Banda, nga mwemuli n’endagaano ya US $350-million eya Millennium Challenge Corporation.[61] Enkyukakyuka zino zaateekebwako mu pulogulaamu ya gavumenti ey’okuddamu okuzimba mu by’enfuna eya 2012–2014, eyateeka enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu katale wamu n’enteekateeka z’okukuuma abantu mu mbeera y’obulamu.[62] ===== Obukadde n’ekyuma kya pulezidenti ===== Okusala ku nsimbi ezikozesebwa mu gavumenti, Banda yasuubiza okukendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30 ku buli kikumi era n’alagira okutunda ekifaananyi kya Dassault Falcon 900EX ekyagulibwa eyamuddirira. Ekifaananyi kino kyatundibwa eri Bohnox Enterprise eyali esangibwa mu British Virgin Islands ku doola za Amerika obukadde 15 mu May 2013.[63] Abakungu ba gavumenti baagamba nti ensimbi zino zaakozesebwa okusasula ebbanja ly’okulwanyisa ne Paramount Group n’okusasula emmere ya kasooli n’eddagala, naye ebibiina by’abantu baawakanya enteekateeka eno era ne basaba ebikwata ku ndagaano.[64] Okutegeeza kwa Parliament’s Public Accounts Committee mu 2021 kwalaga okunoonyereza okuggya ku nsonga eno, newankubadde tewali misango gy’obumenyi bw’amateeka egisimbiddwa mu kkooti.[65] ===== Enkola y’abantu ===== Wadde nga enkola za Banda zaaleeta obwesige mu bawandiisi b’ensimbi n’okufuna ssente z’ebweru, zaaleetawo okulinnya kw’ebbeeyi y’obulamu mu maka agali mu bibuga, ne zikendeeza obuwanguzi bwe mu bantu ng’agenda okulonda kwa 2014. Abanoonyereza bakyalina okwawukanako ku mugaso ogw’ebbanga ddene ogw’okukendeeza ebbeeyi mu 2012, newankubadde IMF ne World Bank balaga nti enkola eno yayamba okuziyiza obuzibu bw’ebyenfuna n’okuteekawo omusingi gw’enkulaakulana empya.[66] ===== Enteekateeka za Pulezidenti ===== Banda alaze obumanyirivu mu kulabirira obulamu bw’abakyala n’eddembe ly’okuzaala, nga asinga okuyita mu kusomesa abakyala ku Malawi. Yalaga obuwagizi bwe ng’atandika Presidential Initiative on Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood. Mu myaka ebiri gyokka, enteekateeka eno yalaga okukendeera kw’omuwendo gw’abakyala abafa nga bazaala okuva ku 675 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa okutuuka ku 460 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa.[67] ===== Bendera ===== Oluvannyuma bendera yakyusibwa mu 2010 gavumenti ya Mutharika, waaliwo okuwakanya okuva mu bantu. Ebibiina bingi byawakanya obutuufu bwa bendera eno. Ku 28 May 2012, Banda yakulembera ababaka ba palamenti okusalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze, eyasooka okuteekebwako mu 1964. Ebibiina byonna, okuggyako DPP, byasalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze.[68] ==== Obulamu oluvannyuma lw’okuba pulezidenti ==== ===== Okuddayo okuva mu buwangwa n’okunoonyereza ku Cashgate (2018) ===== Banda yaddayo e Malawi nga 28 April 2018 oluvannyuma lw’emyaka esatu egy’okweyisa mu buwangwa mu Amerika, gyeyali mukwano omukulu mu Woodrow Wilson Center ne Center for Global Development.[69][70] Newankubadde poliisi yawa ekiragiro kya 2017 okumukwata olw’omusango gwa “Cashgate” ogw’omu 2013, Anti-Corruption Bureau yategeeza mu May 2018 nti okunoonyereza kwali kukyagenda mu maaso era nti Banda teyali akyaliiko musango gw’okusimbibwa mu kkooti.[71] ==== Enkolagana z’ebyokulonda mu 2019–2020 ==== People’s Party yasooka okuteekawo Banda ku kulonda kwa pulezidenti mu 2019, naye nga 15 March 2019 yavaamu n’awagira omuvuganya w’ekibiina ky’obufuzi Lazarus Chakwera.[72][73] Oluvannyuma lwa Kkooti Enkulu okusalawo okuggya ebivudde mu kulonda kwa 2019, Banda yawagira Chakwera mu kulonda okwaddirira mu June 2020 era n’amwebaza mu lujjudde oluvannyuma lw’okuwangula.[74] Mu kabineeti ya Chakwera eyasooka, eyalangirirwa nga 8 July 2020, mwali mutabani wa Banda, Roy Akajuwe Kachale-Banda, ng’omubaka w’ebyobusuubuzi.[75] axmnusjndttc09e45bfptw0u36vm5ry 75842 75841 2026-10-01T10:50:03Z MEvalyn 9841 75842 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.[1] Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.[2] == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == Joyce Hilda Ntila yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi). Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda. Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27]Ebibiina mu DPP Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu myaka egyasooka okutuuka ku bukulembeze bwa Banda, Malawi yali mu mbeera embi ey’ebyenfuna olw’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala mu bufuzi bwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Mu mwaka ogwasembayo ogw’obufuzi bwa Mutharika, Bungereza, Amerika, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank ne African Development Bank byonna byaleka okuwa obuyambi bw’ebyensimbi. Baalaga okutya ku bikolwa bya Mutharika ku demokulasiya mu ggwanga n’obukulembeze bwe obwali butandise okubaamu obutabanguko. Mu March 2012, Mutharika yagamba abakungu bano abava ebweru nti “mugende mu hell.” Yabalumiriza okutegeka okuggyawo gavumenti ye.[48] Ekimu ku bizibu bya Banda ng’omukulembeze kyali kuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi. Era yalina ekizibu eky’okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’eggwanga lye erya Malawi nga Mozambique, n’amawanga agali mu kitundu nga Botswana. Mu wiiki esooka ey’obufuzi bwe, Banda yatandika okukola enkolagana empya okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana ya Malawi n’amawanga amalala.[49] Yayogera ne Henry Bellingham ow’ekitongole kya United Kingdom’s Foreign Office. Yamusuubiza nti omubaka omupya owa Bungereza ajja kutumibwa “mu kiseera ekisinga obumpi.” Yayogera ne Secretary of State Hillary Clinton owa Amerika. Clinton yasubiza okuddamu okuteesa ku ssente za $350 million ez’amasannyalaze mu bwangu ddala. Banda yalangirira enteekateeka okwogera ne Baroness Ashton ow’ekitongole kya European Union’s Foreign Affairs office ne Ruby Randall, omukiise wa IMF mu Malawi. Ye ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Michael Sata baali bamaze okuteesa ku kuddamu okukola enkolagana ennungi.[49] Okusanyusa abawa obuyambi, gavumenti ya Banda era yagaana mu June 2012 okutegekera olukiiko lw’African Union mu July kubanga AU yali egambye nti pulezidenti wa Sudan Omar al-Bashir aweebwe obukakafu nti Malawi ejja kwegaana okuweereza ekiragiro kya ICC ekimukwata; Cabinet yasalawo nti embeera zino tezikkirizibwa.[50] Banda yayogerwako Forbes nga omukyala ow’amaanyi asinga obungi mu nsi, erinnya ly’omu Afrika erisinga obunene ku lukalala. === Enkola y'eggwanga === ===== Obubonero bw'eggwanga ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] Mu myezi ebiri nga bamaze okutandika okukulembera, gavumenti ya Banda yateekawo ekiragiro okuddamu okukozesa bendera ya Malawi eyasooka eya 1964 "rising-sun", ng’eggyako eyakozesebwa mu 2010 wansi wa Bingu wa Mutharika.[51][52] ===== Okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi (2010–2012).svg|thumb|Bbendera etamanyiddwa eya 2010–2012]] Ku 18 May 2012 Banda yalangirira nti agenda kuggyawo amateeka agalwanyisa obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka.[53] Mu November Minisitule y’ebyamateeka yawa ekiragiro eky’okwewala okukwatibwa ku bantu abakola obufumbo obwo nga balina okukkiriziganya, nga balindirira okwekeneenya kwa Palamenti,[54] naye Kkooti Enkulu yasazaamu ekiragiro ekyo mu February 2016, ng’egamba nti Palamenti yokka ye esobola okusazaamu oba okuggyawo amateeka gano.[55] Newankubadde obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka bukyali mu mateeka, okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu kwongedde; Lilongwe yakuba olugendo lw’abavubuka ba LGBT olwasooka mu Malawi nga 26 June 2021.[56] ===== Enkyukakyuka mu by’enfuna n’ensimbi ===== Mu kugoberera amagezi ga International Monetary Fund (IMF), Banda yateekawo enkola y’okukyusa omuwendo gw’ensimbi, era nga 7 May 2012, yakendeeza omuwendo gwa Malawian kwacha ku bitundu 33 ku buli kikumi okusinziira ku ddoola ya Amerika okusobola okuggyawo akatale akatono akaliwo n’okufunamu obuyambi okuva ebweru.[57] * Obuzibu obw’akaseera akatono: Okukendeeza omuwendo gw’ensimbi wamu n’okuteeka ebbeeyi y’amafuta mu mikono gy’abantu, kyaleetera okweyongera kw’ebbeeyi y’ebintu okutuuka ku bitundu 34 ku buli kikumi era ne kuleeta okwegugunga n’okulaga obutali bumativu mu January 2013.[58] * Okuddamu okuzimba mu kiseera ekya wakati: Ku nkomerero ya 2013, IMF yagamba nti “okuddamu okuzimba kutandise… nga kuyambibwa okwongera okufuna ensimbi eziva ebweru” era nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu yatandika okukka.[59] Ekibiina kya Southern African Development Community kyategeka nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu ejja kukendeera okutuuka ku bitundu 19.6 ku buli kikumi mu 2014 ng’omuwendo gw’ensimbi gukutte mu mbeera.[60] * Enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi: U.S. Congressional Research Service yalaga nti abawa obuyambi abasinga abaali basazizzaamu obuyambi bw’ensimbi mu kiseera kya Mutharika baabuzzaayo oluvannyuma lw’enkyukakyuka za Banda, nga mwemuli n’endagaano ya US $350-million eya Millennium Challenge Corporation.[61] Enkyukakyuka zino zaateekebwako mu pulogulaamu ya gavumenti ey’okuddamu okuzimba mu by’enfuna eya 2012–2014, eyateeka enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu katale wamu n’enteekateeka z’okukuuma abantu mu mbeera y’obulamu.[62] ===== Obukadde n’ekyuma kya pulezidenti ===== Okusala ku nsimbi ezikozesebwa mu gavumenti, Banda yasuubiza okukendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30 ku buli kikumi era n’alagira okutunda ekifaananyi kya Dassault Falcon 900EX ekyagulibwa eyamuddirira. Ekifaananyi kino kyatundibwa eri Bohnox Enterprise eyali esangibwa mu British Virgin Islands ku doola za Amerika obukadde 15 mu May 2013.[63] Abakungu ba gavumenti baagamba nti ensimbi zino zaakozesebwa okusasula ebbanja ly’okulwanyisa ne Paramount Group n’okusasula emmere ya kasooli n’eddagala, naye ebibiina by’abantu baawakanya enteekateeka eno era ne basaba ebikwata ku ndagaano.[64] Okutegeeza kwa Parliament’s Public Accounts Committee mu 2021 kwalaga okunoonyereza okuggya ku nsonga eno, newankubadde tewali misango gy’obumenyi bw’amateeka egisimbiddwa mu kkooti.[65] ===== Enkola y’abantu ===== Wadde nga enkola za Banda zaaleeta obwesige mu bawandiisi b’ensimbi n’okufuna ssente z’ebweru, zaaleetawo okulinnya kw’ebbeeyi y’obulamu mu maka agali mu bibuga, ne zikendeeza obuwanguzi bwe mu bantu ng’agenda okulonda kwa 2014. Abanoonyereza bakyalina okwawukanako ku mugaso ogw’ebbanga ddene ogw’okukendeeza ebbeeyi mu 2012, newankubadde IMF ne World Bank balaga nti enkola eno yayamba okuziyiza obuzibu bw’ebyenfuna n’okuteekawo omusingi gw’enkulaakulana empya.[66] ===== Enteekateeka za Pulezidenti ===== Banda alaze obumanyirivu mu kulabirira obulamu bw’abakyala n’eddembe ly’okuzaala, nga asinga okuyita mu kusomesa abakyala ku Malawi. Yalaga obuwagizi bwe ng’atandika Presidential Initiative on Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood. Mu myaka ebiri gyokka, enteekateeka eno yalaga okukendeera kw’omuwendo gw’abakyala abafa nga bazaala okuva ku 675 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa okutuuka ku 460 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa.[67] ===== Bendera ===== Oluvannyuma bendera yakyusibwa mu 2010 gavumenti ya Mutharika, waaliwo okuwakanya okuva mu bantu. Ebibiina bingi byawakanya obutuufu bwa bendera eno. Ku 28 May 2012, Banda yakulembera ababaka ba palamenti okusalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze, eyasooka okuteekebwako mu 1964. Ebibiina byonna, okuggyako DPP, byasalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze.[68] ==== Obulamu oluvannyuma lw’okuba pulezidenti ==== ===== Okuddayo okuva mu buwangwa n’okunoonyereza ku Cashgate (2018) ===== Banda yaddayo e Malawi nga 28 April 2018 oluvannyuma lw’emyaka esatu egy’okweyisa mu buwangwa mu Amerika, gyeyali mukwano omukulu mu Woodrow Wilson Center ne Center for Global Development.[69][70] Newankubadde poliisi yawa ekiragiro kya 2017 okumukwata olw’omusango gwa “Cashgate” ogw’omu 2013, Anti-Corruption Bureau yategeeza mu May 2018 nti okunoonyereza kwali kukyagenda mu maaso era nti Banda teyali akyaliiko musango gw’okusimbibwa mu kkooti.[71] ==== Enkolagana z’ebyokulonda mu 2019–2020 ==== People’s Party yasooka okuteekawo Banda ku kulonda kwa pulezidenti mu 2019, naye nga 15 March 2019 yavaamu n’awagira omuvuganya w’ekibiina ky’obufuzi Lazarus Chakwera.[72][73] Oluvannyuma lwa Kkooti Enkulu okusalawo okuggya ebivudde mu kulonda kwa 2019, Banda yawagira Chakwera mu kulonda okwaddirira mu June 2020 era n’amwebaza mu lujjudde oluvannyuma lw’okuwangula.[74] Mu kabineeti ya Chakwera eyasooka, eyalangirirwa nga 8 July 2020, mwali mutabani wa Banda, Roy Akajuwe Kachale-Banda, ng’omubaka w’ebyobusuubuzi.[75] ==== Okulwanirira n’okuyamba mu nsi yonna (2021–2024) ==== ===== Banda abadde akola ennyo ku nsonga z’ebyobulamu n’enkulaakulana mu nsi yonna. ===== Mu May 2021 yayingira abakulembeze b’amawanga ne Nobel laureates mu bbaluwa ey’okusaba G7 okukkiriza obutali bw’ensimbi za COVID-19 vaccine era okuddamu okuwangula okulwanyisa AIDS.[76] Ku 11 March 2023 yali omu ku bantu abasukka mu 200 abasayina People’s Vaccine Alliance “Never Again” statement nga basaba okufuna eby’okulwanyisa ebikwatagana n’obulwadde obw’amaanyi.[77] Mu February 2023 Banda yafuuka omu ku “grain ambassadors” ba Ukraine, ng’ayamba okuzuula amawanga ga Afrika agasinga okwetaaga emmere ya Ukraine mu kiseera ky’olutalo lwa Russo-Ukrainian War.[78] Okuyita mu Joyce Banda Foundation Trust, yeeyongedde okukola ku by’okukuuma emmere n’okusomesa, nga mwemuli okugabira amaka 500 obusimba bwa kasooli abaakosebwa Cyclone Freddy mu January 2024[79] n’okutandika enteekateeka ya K315 million bursary scheme eri abawala abasoma mu masomero aga secondary mu 2024.[80] 2bz83ugz6bjj781o3k4tgqrnkrqao0p 75843 75842 2026-10-01T10:50:34Z MEvalyn 9841 75843 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.[1] Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.[2] == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == Joyce Hilda Ntila yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi). Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda. Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27]Ebibiina mu DPP Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu myaka egyasooka okutuuka ku bukulembeze bwa Banda, Malawi yali mu mbeera embi ey’ebyenfuna olw’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala mu bufuzi bwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Mu mwaka ogwasembayo ogw’obufuzi bwa Mutharika, Bungereza, Amerika, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank ne African Development Bank byonna byaleka okuwa obuyambi bw’ebyensimbi. Baalaga okutya ku bikolwa bya Mutharika ku demokulasiya mu ggwanga n’obukulembeze bwe obwali butandise okubaamu obutabanguko. Mu March 2012, Mutharika yagamba abakungu bano abava ebweru nti “mugende mu hell.” Yabalumiriza okutegeka okuggyawo gavumenti ye.[48] Ekimu ku bizibu bya Banda ng’omukulembeze kyali kuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi. Era yalina ekizibu eky’okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’eggwanga lye erya Malawi nga Mozambique, n’amawanga agali mu kitundu nga Botswana. Mu wiiki esooka ey’obufuzi bwe, Banda yatandika okukola enkolagana empya okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana ya Malawi n’amawanga amalala.[49] Yayogera ne Henry Bellingham ow’ekitongole kya United Kingdom’s Foreign Office. Yamusuubiza nti omubaka omupya owa Bungereza ajja kutumibwa “mu kiseera ekisinga obumpi.” Yayogera ne Secretary of State Hillary Clinton owa Amerika. Clinton yasubiza okuddamu okuteesa ku ssente za $350 million ez’amasannyalaze mu bwangu ddala. Banda yalangirira enteekateeka okwogera ne Baroness Ashton ow’ekitongole kya European Union’s Foreign Affairs office ne Ruby Randall, omukiise wa IMF mu Malawi. Ye ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Michael Sata baali bamaze okuteesa ku kuddamu okukola enkolagana ennungi.[49] Okusanyusa abawa obuyambi, gavumenti ya Banda era yagaana mu June 2012 okutegekera olukiiko lw’African Union mu July kubanga AU yali egambye nti pulezidenti wa Sudan Omar al-Bashir aweebwe obukakafu nti Malawi ejja kwegaana okuweereza ekiragiro kya ICC ekimukwata; Cabinet yasalawo nti embeera zino tezikkirizibwa.[50] Banda yayogerwako Forbes nga omukyala ow’amaanyi asinga obungi mu nsi, erinnya ly’omu Afrika erisinga obunene ku lukalala. === Enkola y'eggwanga === ===== Obubonero bw'eggwanga ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] Mu myezi ebiri nga bamaze okutandika okukulembera, gavumenti ya Banda yateekawo ekiragiro okuddamu okukozesa bendera ya Malawi eyasooka eya 1964 "rising-sun", ng’eggyako eyakozesebwa mu 2010 wansi wa Bingu wa Mutharika.[51][52] ===== Okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi (2010–2012).svg|thumb|Bbendera etamanyiddwa eya 2010–2012]] Ku 18 May 2012 Banda yalangirira nti agenda kuggyawo amateeka agalwanyisa obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka.[53] Mu November Minisitule y’ebyamateeka yawa ekiragiro eky’okwewala okukwatibwa ku bantu abakola obufumbo obwo nga balina okukkiriziganya, nga balindirira okwekeneenya kwa Palamenti,[54] naye Kkooti Enkulu yasazaamu ekiragiro ekyo mu February 2016, ng’egamba nti Palamenti yokka ye esobola okusazaamu oba okuggyawo amateeka gano.[55] Newankubadde obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka bukyali mu mateeka, okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu kwongedde; Lilongwe yakuba olugendo lw’abavubuka ba LGBT olwasooka mu Malawi nga 26 June 2021.[56] ===== Enkyukakyuka mu by’enfuna n’ensimbi ===== Mu kugoberera amagezi ga International Monetary Fund (IMF), Banda yateekawo enkola y’okukyusa omuwendo gw’ensimbi, era nga 7 May 2012, yakendeeza omuwendo gwa Malawian kwacha ku bitundu 33 ku buli kikumi okusinziira ku ddoola ya Amerika okusobola okuggyawo akatale akatono akaliwo n’okufunamu obuyambi okuva ebweru.[57] * Obuzibu obw’akaseera akatono: Okukendeeza omuwendo gw’ensimbi wamu n’okuteeka ebbeeyi y’amafuta mu mikono gy’abantu, kyaleetera okweyongera kw’ebbeeyi y’ebintu okutuuka ku bitundu 34 ku buli kikumi era ne kuleeta okwegugunga n’okulaga obutali bumativu mu January 2013.[58] * Okuddamu okuzimba mu kiseera ekya wakati: Ku nkomerero ya 2013, IMF yagamba nti “okuddamu okuzimba kutandise… nga kuyambibwa okwongera okufuna ensimbi eziva ebweru” era nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu yatandika okukka.[59] Ekibiina kya Southern African Development Community kyategeka nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu ejja kukendeera okutuuka ku bitundu 19.6 ku buli kikumi mu 2014 ng’omuwendo gw’ensimbi gukutte mu mbeera.[60] * Enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi: U.S. Congressional Research Service yalaga nti abawa obuyambi abasinga abaali basazizzaamu obuyambi bw’ensimbi mu kiseera kya Mutharika baabuzzaayo oluvannyuma lw’enkyukakyuka za Banda, nga mwemuli n’endagaano ya US $350-million eya Millennium Challenge Corporation.[61] Enkyukakyuka zino zaateekebwako mu pulogulaamu ya gavumenti ey’okuddamu okuzimba mu by’enfuna eya 2012–2014, eyateeka enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu katale wamu n’enteekateeka z’okukuuma abantu mu mbeera y’obulamu.[62] ===== Obukadde n’ekyuma kya pulezidenti ===== Okusala ku nsimbi ezikozesebwa mu gavumenti, Banda yasuubiza okukendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30 ku buli kikumi era n’alagira okutunda ekifaananyi kya Dassault Falcon 900EX ekyagulibwa eyamuddirira. Ekifaananyi kino kyatundibwa eri Bohnox Enterprise eyali esangibwa mu British Virgin Islands ku doola za Amerika obukadde 15 mu May 2013.[63] Abakungu ba gavumenti baagamba nti ensimbi zino zaakozesebwa okusasula ebbanja ly’okulwanyisa ne Paramount Group n’okusasula emmere ya kasooli n’eddagala, naye ebibiina by’abantu baawakanya enteekateeka eno era ne basaba ebikwata ku ndagaano.[64] Okutegeeza kwa Parliament’s Public Accounts Committee mu 2021 kwalaga okunoonyereza okuggya ku nsonga eno, newankubadde tewali misango gy’obumenyi bw’amateeka egisimbiddwa mu kkooti.[65] ===== Enkola y’abantu ===== Wadde nga enkola za Banda zaaleeta obwesige mu bawandiisi b’ensimbi n’okufuna ssente z’ebweru, zaaleetawo okulinnya kw’ebbeeyi y’obulamu mu maka agali mu bibuga, ne zikendeeza obuwanguzi bwe mu bantu ng’agenda okulonda kwa 2014. Abanoonyereza bakyalina okwawukanako ku mugaso ogw’ebbanga ddene ogw’okukendeeza ebbeeyi mu 2012, newankubadde IMF ne World Bank balaga nti enkola eno yayamba okuziyiza obuzibu bw’ebyenfuna n’okuteekawo omusingi gw’enkulaakulana empya.[66] ===== Enteekateeka za Pulezidenti ===== Banda alaze obumanyirivu mu kulabirira obulamu bw’abakyala n’eddembe ly’okuzaala, nga asinga okuyita mu kusomesa abakyala ku Malawi. Yalaga obuwagizi bwe ng’atandika Presidential Initiative on Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood. Mu myaka ebiri gyokka, enteekateeka eno yalaga okukendeera kw’omuwendo gw’abakyala abafa nga bazaala okuva ku 675 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa okutuuka ku 460 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa.[67] ===== Bendera ===== Oluvannyuma bendera yakyusibwa mu 2010 gavumenti ya Mutharika, waaliwo okuwakanya okuva mu bantu. Ebibiina bingi byawakanya obutuufu bwa bendera eno. Ku 28 May 2012, Banda yakulembera ababaka ba palamenti okusalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze, eyasooka okuteekebwako mu 1964. Ebibiina byonna, okuggyako DPP, byasalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze.[68] ==== Obulamu oluvannyuma lw’okuba pulezidenti ==== ===== Okuddayo okuva mu buwangwa n’okunoonyereza ku Cashgate (2018) ===== Banda yaddayo e Malawi nga 28 April 2018 oluvannyuma lw’emyaka esatu egy’okweyisa mu buwangwa mu Amerika, gyeyali mukwano omukulu mu Woodrow Wilson Center ne Center for Global Development.[69][70] Newankubadde poliisi yawa ekiragiro kya 2017 okumukwata olw’omusango gwa “Cashgate” ogw’omu 2013, Anti-Corruption Bureau yategeeza mu May 2018 nti okunoonyereza kwali kukyagenda mu maaso era nti Banda teyali akyaliiko musango gw’okusimbibwa mu kkooti.[71] ==== Enkolagana z’ebyokulonda mu 2019–2020 ==== People’s Party yasooka okuteekawo Banda ku kulonda kwa pulezidenti mu 2019, naye nga 15 March 2019 yavaamu n’awagira omuvuganya w’ekibiina ky’obufuzi Lazarus Chakwera.[72][73] Oluvannyuma lwa Kkooti Enkulu okusalawo okuggya ebivudde mu kulonda kwa 2019, Banda yawagira Chakwera mu kulonda okwaddirira mu June 2020 era n’amwebaza mu lujjudde oluvannyuma lw’okuwangula.[74] Mu kabineeti ya Chakwera eyasooka, eyalangirirwa nga 8 July 2020, mwali mutabani wa Banda, Roy Akajuwe Kachale-Banda, ng’omubaka w’ebyobusuubuzi.[75] ==== Okulwanirira n’okuyamba mu nsi yonna (2021–2024) ==== ===== Banda abadde akola ennyo ku nsonga z’ebyobulamu n’enkulaakulana mu nsi yonna. ===== * Mu May 2021 yayingira abakulembeze b’amawanga ne Nobel laureates mu bbaluwa ey’okusaba G7 okukkiriza obutali bw’ensimbi za COVID-19 vaccine era okuddamu okuwangula okulwanyisa AIDS.[76] * Ku 11 March 2023 yali omu ku bantu abasukka mu 200 abasayina People’s Vaccine Alliance “Never Again” statement nga basaba okufuna eby’okulwanyisa ebikwatagana n’obulwadde obw’amaanyi.[77] * Mu February 2023 Banda yafuuka omu ku “grain ambassadors” ba Ukraine, ng’ayamba okuzuula amawanga ga Afrika agasinga okwetaaga emmere ya Ukraine mu kiseera ky’olutalo lwa Russo-Ukrainian War.[78] Okuyita mu Joyce Banda Foundation Trust, yeeyongedde okukola ku by’okukuuma emmere n’okusomesa, nga mwemuli okugabira amaka 500 obusimba bwa kasooli abaakosebwa Cyclone Freddy mu January 2024[79] n’okutandika enteekateeka ya K315 million bursary scheme eri abawala abasoma mu masomero aga secondary mu 2024.[80] ja4od1pd6662ug6q4nbydfik21isy9m 75844 75843 2026-10-01T10:51:49Z MEvalyn 9841 75844 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.[1] Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.[2] == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == Joyce Hilda Ntila yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi). Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda. Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27]Ebibiina mu DPP Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu myaka egyasooka okutuuka ku bukulembeze bwa Banda, Malawi yali mu mbeera embi ey’ebyenfuna olw’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala mu bufuzi bwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Mu mwaka ogwasembayo ogw’obufuzi bwa Mutharika, Bungereza, Amerika, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank ne African Development Bank byonna byaleka okuwa obuyambi bw’ebyensimbi. Baalaga okutya ku bikolwa bya Mutharika ku demokulasiya mu ggwanga n’obukulembeze bwe obwali butandise okubaamu obutabanguko. Mu March 2012, Mutharika yagamba abakungu bano abava ebweru nti “mugende mu hell.” Yabalumiriza okutegeka okuggyawo gavumenti ye.[48] Ekimu ku bizibu bya Banda ng’omukulembeze kyali kuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi. Era yalina ekizibu eky’okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’eggwanga lye erya Malawi nga Mozambique, n’amawanga agali mu kitundu nga Botswana. Mu wiiki esooka ey’obufuzi bwe, Banda yatandika okukola enkolagana empya okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana ya Malawi n’amawanga amalala.[49] Yayogera ne Henry Bellingham ow’ekitongole kya United Kingdom’s Foreign Office. Yamusuubiza nti omubaka omupya owa Bungereza ajja kutumibwa “mu kiseera ekisinga obumpi.” Yayogera ne Secretary of State Hillary Clinton owa Amerika. Clinton yasubiza okuddamu okuteesa ku ssente za $350 million ez’amasannyalaze mu bwangu ddala. Banda yalangirira enteekateeka okwogera ne Baroness Ashton ow’ekitongole kya European Union’s Foreign Affairs office ne Ruby Randall, omukiise wa IMF mu Malawi. Ye ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Michael Sata baali bamaze okuteesa ku kuddamu okukola enkolagana ennungi.[49] Okusanyusa abawa obuyambi, gavumenti ya Banda era yagaana mu June 2012 okutegekera olukiiko lw’African Union mu July kubanga AU yali egambye nti pulezidenti wa Sudan Omar al-Bashir aweebwe obukakafu nti Malawi ejja kwegaana okuweereza ekiragiro kya ICC ekimukwata; Cabinet yasalawo nti embeera zino tezikkirizibwa.[50] Banda yayogerwako Forbes nga omukyala ow’amaanyi asinga obungi mu nsi, erinnya ly’omu Afrika erisinga obunene ku lukalala. === Enkola y'eggwanga === ===== Obubonero bw'eggwanga ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] Mu myezi ebiri nga bamaze okutandika okukulembera, gavumenti ya Banda yateekawo ekiragiro okuddamu okukozesa bendera ya Malawi eyasooka eya 1964 "rising-sun", ng’eggyako eyakozesebwa mu 2010 wansi wa Bingu wa Mutharika.[51][52] ===== Okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi (2010–2012).svg|thumb|Bbendera etamanyiddwa eya 2010–2012]] Ku 18 May 2012 Banda yalangirira nti agenda kuggyawo amateeka agalwanyisa obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka.[53] Mu November Minisitule y’ebyamateeka yawa ekiragiro eky’okwewala okukwatibwa ku bantu abakola obufumbo obwo nga balina okukkiriziganya, nga balindirira okwekeneenya kwa Palamenti,[54] naye Kkooti Enkulu yasazaamu ekiragiro ekyo mu February 2016, ng’egamba nti Palamenti yokka ye esobola okusazaamu oba okuggyawo amateeka gano.[55] Newankubadde obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka bukyali mu mateeka, okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu kwongedde; Lilongwe yakuba olugendo lw’abavubuka ba LGBT olwasooka mu Malawi nga 26 June 2021.[56] ===== Enkyukakyuka mu by’enfuna n’ensimbi ===== Mu kugoberera amagezi ga International Monetary Fund (IMF), Banda yateekawo enkola y’okukyusa omuwendo gw’ensimbi, era nga 7 May 2012, yakendeeza omuwendo gwa Malawian kwacha ku bitundu 33 ku buli kikumi okusinziira ku ddoola ya Amerika okusobola okuggyawo akatale akatono akaliwo n’okufunamu obuyambi okuva ebweru.[57] * Obuzibu obw’akaseera akatono: Okukendeeza omuwendo gw’ensimbi wamu n’okuteeka ebbeeyi y’amafuta mu mikono gy’abantu, kyaleetera okweyongera kw’ebbeeyi y’ebintu okutuuka ku bitundu 34 ku buli kikumi era ne kuleeta okwegugunga n’okulaga obutali bumativu mu January 2013.[58] * Okuddamu okuzimba mu kiseera ekya wakati: Ku nkomerero ya 2013, IMF yagamba nti “okuddamu okuzimba kutandise… nga kuyambibwa okwongera okufuna ensimbi eziva ebweru” era nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu yatandika okukka.[59] Ekibiina kya Southern African Development Community kyategeka nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu ejja kukendeera okutuuka ku bitundu 19.6 ku buli kikumi mu 2014 ng’omuwendo gw’ensimbi gukutte mu mbeera.[60] * Enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi: U.S. Congressional Research Service yalaga nti abawa obuyambi abasinga abaali basazizzaamu obuyambi bw’ensimbi mu kiseera kya Mutharika baabuzzaayo oluvannyuma lw’enkyukakyuka za Banda, nga mwemuli n’endagaano ya US $350-million eya Millennium Challenge Corporation.[61] Enkyukakyuka zino zaateekebwako mu pulogulaamu ya gavumenti ey’okuddamu okuzimba mu by’enfuna eya 2012–2014, eyateeka enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu katale wamu n’enteekateeka z’okukuuma abantu mu mbeera y’obulamu.[62] ===== Obukadde n’ekyuma kya pulezidenti ===== Okusala ku nsimbi ezikozesebwa mu gavumenti, Banda yasuubiza okukendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30 ku buli kikumi era n’alagira okutunda ekifaananyi kya Dassault Falcon 900EX ekyagulibwa eyamuddirira. Ekifaananyi kino kyatundibwa eri Bohnox Enterprise eyali esangibwa mu British Virgin Islands ku doola za Amerika obukadde 15 mu May 2013.[63] Abakungu ba gavumenti baagamba nti ensimbi zino zaakozesebwa okusasula ebbanja ly’okulwanyisa ne Paramount Group n’okusasula emmere ya kasooli n’eddagala, naye ebibiina by’abantu baawakanya enteekateeka eno era ne basaba ebikwata ku ndagaano.[64] Okutegeeza kwa Parliament’s Public Accounts Committee mu 2021 kwalaga okunoonyereza okuggya ku nsonga eno, newankubadde tewali misango gy’obumenyi bw’amateeka egisimbiddwa mu kkooti.[65] ===== Enkola y’abantu ===== Wadde nga enkola za Banda zaaleeta obwesige mu bawandiisi b’ensimbi n’okufuna ssente z’ebweru, zaaleetawo okulinnya kw’ebbeeyi y’obulamu mu maka agali mu bibuga, ne zikendeeza obuwanguzi bwe mu bantu ng’agenda okulonda kwa 2014. Abanoonyereza bakyalina okwawukanako ku mugaso ogw’ebbanga ddene ogw’okukendeeza ebbeeyi mu 2012, newankubadde IMF ne World Bank balaga nti enkola eno yayamba okuziyiza obuzibu bw’ebyenfuna n’okuteekawo omusingi gw’enkulaakulana empya.[66] ===== Enteekateeka za Pulezidenti ===== Banda alaze obumanyirivu mu kulabirira obulamu bw’abakyala n’eddembe ly’okuzaala, nga asinga okuyita mu kusomesa abakyala ku Malawi. Yalaga obuwagizi bwe ng’atandika Presidential Initiative on Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood. Mu myaka ebiri gyokka, enteekateeka eno yalaga okukendeera kw’omuwendo gw’abakyala abafa nga bazaala okuva ku 675 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa okutuuka ku 460 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa.[67] ===== Bendera ===== Oluvannyuma bendera yakyusibwa mu 2010 gavumenti ya Mutharika, waaliwo okuwakanya okuva mu bantu. Ebibiina bingi byawakanya obutuufu bwa bendera eno. Ku 28 May 2012, Banda yakulembera ababaka ba palamenti okusalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze, eyasooka okuteekebwako mu 1964. Ebibiina byonna, okuggyako DPP, byasalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze.[68] ==== Obulamu oluvannyuma lw’okuba pulezidenti ==== ===== Okuddayo okuva mu buwangwa n’okunoonyereza ku Cashgate (2018) ===== Banda yaddayo e Malawi nga 28 April 2018 oluvannyuma lw’emyaka esatu egy’okweyisa mu buwangwa mu Amerika, gyeyali mukwano omukulu mu Woodrow Wilson Center ne Center for Global Development.[69][70] Newankubadde poliisi yawa ekiragiro kya 2017 okumukwata olw’omusango gwa “Cashgate” ogw’omu 2013, Anti-Corruption Bureau yategeeza mu May 2018 nti okunoonyereza kwali kukyagenda mu maaso era nti Banda teyali akyaliiko musango gw’okusimbibwa mu kkooti.[71] ==== Enkolagana z’ebyokulonda mu 2019–2020 ==== People’s Party yasooka okuteekawo Banda ku kulonda kwa pulezidenti mu 2019, naye nga 15 March 2019 yavaamu n’awagira omuvuganya w’ekibiina ky’obufuzi Lazarus Chakwera.[72][73] Oluvannyuma lwa Kkooti Enkulu okusalawo okuggya ebivudde mu kulonda kwa 2019, Banda yawagira Chakwera mu kulonda okwaddirira mu June 2020 era n’amwebaza mu lujjudde oluvannyuma lw’okuwangula.[74] Mu kabineeti ya Chakwera eyasooka, eyalangirirwa nga 8 July 2020, mwali mutabani wa Banda, Roy Akajuwe Kachale-Banda, ng’omubaka w’ebyobusuubuzi.[75] ==== Okulwanirira n’okuyamba mu nsi yonna (2021–2024) ==== ===== Banda abadde akola ennyo ku nsonga z’ebyobulamu n’enkulaakulana mu nsi yonna. ===== * Mu May 2021 yayingira abakulembeze b’amawanga ne Nobel laureates mu bbaluwa ey’okusaba G7 okukkiriza obutali bw’ensimbi za COVID-19 vaccine era okuddamu okuwangula okulwanyisa AIDS.[76] * Ku 11 March 2023 yali omu ku bantu abasukka mu 200 abasayina People’s Vaccine Alliance “Never Again” statement nga basaba okufuna eby’okulwanyisa ebikwatagana n’obulwadde obw’amaanyi.[77] * Mu February 2023 Banda yafuuka omu ku “grain ambassadors” ba Ukraine, ng’ayamba okuzuula amawanga ga Afrika agasinga okwetaaga emmere ya Ukraine mu kiseera ky’olutalo lwa Russo-Ukrainian War.[78] Okuyita mu Joyce Banda Foundation Trust, yeeyongedde okukola ku by’okukuuma emmere n’okusomesa, nga mwemuli okugabira amaka 500 obusimba bwa kasooli abaakosebwa Cyclone Freddy mu January 2024[79] n’okutandika enteekateeka ya K315 million bursary scheme eri abawala abasoma mu masomero aga secondary mu 2024.[80] ==== Okwesimbawo ku bwa Pulezidenti mu 2025 ==== Ku lunaku lwa 23 June 2025, People’s Party National Executive Committee yakkiriza Banda nga omukwasi w’ekibiina ku bwa Pulezidenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwa 2025. Bwe yalangirira okwesimbawo kwe e Lilongwe, yagamba nti “Malawi eri ku mugga ogw’okusalawo era yeetaaga okulaba empya ekwatiddwa ku kukola kw’abavubuka n’okutumbula abakyala mu by’enfuna.”[81] Okulonda kwe—kweyitibwa “A New Malawi for the Youth Initiatives (A.Ma.Y.I.)”—kulaga obusomesa bw’amasomero ga sekendule obutali bwa kusasula, ebifo by’obulamu eby’okusindikibwa, okukyusa mu by’obuli bw’enguzi n’okutumbula abavubuka mu by’obusuubuzi ng’ebikulu byakyo.[82] Yawangulwa Peter Mutharika. p5icnsh6i237226f6slzcfim44bj94m 75845 75844 2026-10-01T10:52:17Z MEvalyn 9841 75845 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.[1] Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.[2] == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == Joyce Hilda Ntila yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi). Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda. Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27]Ebibiina mu DPP Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu myaka egyasooka okutuuka ku bukulembeze bwa Banda, Malawi yali mu mbeera embi ey’ebyenfuna olw’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala mu bufuzi bwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Mu mwaka ogwasembayo ogw’obufuzi bwa Mutharika, Bungereza, Amerika, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank ne African Development Bank byonna byaleka okuwa obuyambi bw’ebyensimbi. Baalaga okutya ku bikolwa bya Mutharika ku demokulasiya mu ggwanga n’obukulembeze bwe obwali butandise okubaamu obutabanguko. Mu March 2012, Mutharika yagamba abakungu bano abava ebweru nti “mugende mu hell.” Yabalumiriza okutegeka okuggyawo gavumenti ye.[48] Ekimu ku bizibu bya Banda ng’omukulembeze kyali kuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi. Era yalina ekizibu eky’okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’eggwanga lye erya Malawi nga Mozambique, n’amawanga agali mu kitundu nga Botswana. Mu wiiki esooka ey’obufuzi bwe, Banda yatandika okukola enkolagana empya okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana ya Malawi n’amawanga amalala.[49] Yayogera ne Henry Bellingham ow’ekitongole kya United Kingdom’s Foreign Office. Yamusuubiza nti omubaka omupya owa Bungereza ajja kutumibwa “mu kiseera ekisinga obumpi.” Yayogera ne Secretary of State Hillary Clinton owa Amerika. Clinton yasubiza okuddamu okuteesa ku ssente za $350 million ez’amasannyalaze mu bwangu ddala. Banda yalangirira enteekateeka okwogera ne Baroness Ashton ow’ekitongole kya European Union’s Foreign Affairs office ne Ruby Randall, omukiise wa IMF mu Malawi. Ye ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Michael Sata baali bamaze okuteesa ku kuddamu okukola enkolagana ennungi.[49] Okusanyusa abawa obuyambi, gavumenti ya Banda era yagaana mu June 2012 okutegekera olukiiko lw’African Union mu July kubanga AU yali egambye nti pulezidenti wa Sudan Omar al-Bashir aweebwe obukakafu nti Malawi ejja kwegaana okuweereza ekiragiro kya ICC ekimukwata; Cabinet yasalawo nti embeera zino tezikkirizibwa.[50] Banda yayogerwako Forbes nga omukyala ow’amaanyi asinga obungi mu nsi, erinnya ly’omu Afrika erisinga obunene ku lukalala. === Enkola y'eggwanga === ===== Obubonero bw'eggwanga ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] Mu myezi ebiri nga bamaze okutandika okukulembera, gavumenti ya Banda yateekawo ekiragiro okuddamu okukozesa bendera ya Malawi eyasooka eya 1964 "rising-sun", ng’eggyako eyakozesebwa mu 2010 wansi wa Bingu wa Mutharika.[51][52] ===== Okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi (2010–2012).svg|thumb|Bbendera etamanyiddwa eya 2010–2012]] Ku 18 May 2012 Banda yalangirira nti agenda kuggyawo amateeka agalwanyisa obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka.[53] Mu November Minisitule y’ebyamateeka yawa ekiragiro eky’okwewala okukwatibwa ku bantu abakola obufumbo obwo nga balina okukkiriziganya, nga balindirira okwekeneenya kwa Palamenti,[54] naye Kkooti Enkulu yasazaamu ekiragiro ekyo mu February 2016, ng’egamba nti Palamenti yokka ye esobola okusazaamu oba okuggyawo amateeka gano.[55] Newankubadde obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka bukyali mu mateeka, okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu kwongedde; Lilongwe yakuba olugendo lw’abavubuka ba LGBT olwasooka mu Malawi nga 26 June 2021.[56] ===== Enkyukakyuka mu by’enfuna n’ensimbi ===== Mu kugoberera amagezi ga International Monetary Fund (IMF), Banda yateekawo enkola y’okukyusa omuwendo gw’ensimbi, era nga 7 May 2012, yakendeeza omuwendo gwa Malawian kwacha ku bitundu 33 ku buli kikumi okusinziira ku ddoola ya Amerika okusobola okuggyawo akatale akatono akaliwo n’okufunamu obuyambi okuva ebweru.[57] * Obuzibu obw’akaseera akatono: Okukendeeza omuwendo gw’ensimbi wamu n’okuteeka ebbeeyi y’amafuta mu mikono gy’abantu, kyaleetera okweyongera kw’ebbeeyi y’ebintu okutuuka ku bitundu 34 ku buli kikumi era ne kuleeta okwegugunga n’okulaga obutali bumativu mu January 2013.[58] * Okuddamu okuzimba mu kiseera ekya wakati: Ku nkomerero ya 2013, IMF yagamba nti “okuddamu okuzimba kutandise… nga kuyambibwa okwongera okufuna ensimbi eziva ebweru” era nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu yatandika okukka.[59] Ekibiina kya Southern African Development Community kyategeka nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu ejja kukendeera okutuuka ku bitundu 19.6 ku buli kikumi mu 2014 ng’omuwendo gw’ensimbi gukutte mu mbeera.[60] * Enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi: U.S. Congressional Research Service yalaga nti abawa obuyambi abasinga abaali basazizzaamu obuyambi bw’ensimbi mu kiseera kya Mutharika baabuzzaayo oluvannyuma lw’enkyukakyuka za Banda, nga mwemuli n’endagaano ya US $350-million eya Millennium Challenge Corporation.[61] Enkyukakyuka zino zaateekebwako mu pulogulaamu ya gavumenti ey’okuddamu okuzimba mu by’enfuna eya 2012–2014, eyateeka enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu katale wamu n’enteekateeka z’okukuuma abantu mu mbeera y’obulamu.[62] ===== Obukadde n’ekyuma kya pulezidenti ===== Okusala ku nsimbi ezikozesebwa mu gavumenti, Banda yasuubiza okukendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30 ku buli kikumi era n’alagira okutunda ekifaananyi kya Dassault Falcon 900EX ekyagulibwa eyamuddirira. Ekifaananyi kino kyatundibwa eri Bohnox Enterprise eyali esangibwa mu British Virgin Islands ku doola za Amerika obukadde 15 mu May 2013.[63] Abakungu ba gavumenti baagamba nti ensimbi zino zaakozesebwa okusasula ebbanja ly’okulwanyisa ne Paramount Group n’okusasula emmere ya kasooli n’eddagala, naye ebibiina by’abantu baawakanya enteekateeka eno era ne basaba ebikwata ku ndagaano.[64] Okutegeeza kwa Parliament’s Public Accounts Committee mu 2021 kwalaga okunoonyereza okuggya ku nsonga eno, newankubadde tewali misango gy’obumenyi bw’amateeka egisimbiddwa mu kkooti.[65] ===== Enkola y’abantu ===== Wadde nga enkola za Banda zaaleeta obwesige mu bawandiisi b’ensimbi n’okufuna ssente z’ebweru, zaaleetawo okulinnya kw’ebbeeyi y’obulamu mu maka agali mu bibuga, ne zikendeeza obuwanguzi bwe mu bantu ng’agenda okulonda kwa 2014. Abanoonyereza bakyalina okwawukanako ku mugaso ogw’ebbanga ddene ogw’okukendeeza ebbeeyi mu 2012, newankubadde IMF ne World Bank balaga nti enkola eno yayamba okuziyiza obuzibu bw’ebyenfuna n’okuteekawo omusingi gw’enkulaakulana empya.[66] ===== Enteekateeka za Pulezidenti ===== Banda alaze obumanyirivu mu kulabirira obulamu bw’abakyala n’eddembe ly’okuzaala, nga asinga okuyita mu kusomesa abakyala ku Malawi. Yalaga obuwagizi bwe ng’atandika Presidential Initiative on Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood. Mu myaka ebiri gyokka, enteekateeka eno yalaga okukendeera kw’omuwendo gw’abakyala abafa nga bazaala okuva ku 675 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa okutuuka ku 460 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa.[67] ===== Bendera ===== Oluvannyuma bendera yakyusibwa mu 2010 gavumenti ya Mutharika, waaliwo okuwakanya okuva mu bantu. Ebibiina bingi byawakanya obutuufu bwa bendera eno. Ku 28 May 2012, Banda yakulembera ababaka ba palamenti okusalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze, eyasooka okuteekebwako mu 1964. Ebibiina byonna, okuggyako DPP, byasalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze.[68] ==== Obulamu oluvannyuma lw’okuba pulezidenti ==== ===== Okuddayo okuva mu buwangwa n’okunoonyereza ku Cashgate (2018) ===== Banda yaddayo e Malawi nga 28 April 2018 oluvannyuma lw’emyaka esatu egy’okweyisa mu buwangwa mu Amerika, gyeyali mukwano omukulu mu Woodrow Wilson Center ne Center for Global Development.[69][70] Newankubadde poliisi yawa ekiragiro kya 2017 okumukwata olw’omusango gwa “Cashgate” ogw’omu 2013, Anti-Corruption Bureau yategeeza mu May 2018 nti okunoonyereza kwali kukyagenda mu maaso era nti Banda teyali akyaliiko musango gw’okusimbibwa mu kkooti.[71] ==== Enkolagana z’ebyokulonda mu 2019–2020 ==== People’s Party yasooka okuteekawo Banda ku kulonda kwa pulezidenti mu 2019, naye nga 15 March 2019 yavaamu n’awagira omuvuganya w’ekibiina ky’obufuzi Lazarus Chakwera.[72][73] Oluvannyuma lwa Kkooti Enkulu okusalawo okuggya ebivudde mu kulonda kwa 2019, Banda yawagira Chakwera mu kulonda okwaddirira mu June 2020 era n’amwebaza mu lujjudde oluvannyuma lw’okuwangula.[74] Mu kabineeti ya Chakwera eyasooka, eyalangirirwa nga 8 July 2020, mwali mutabani wa Banda, Roy Akajuwe Kachale-Banda, ng’omubaka w’ebyobusuubuzi.[75] ==== Okulwanirira n’okuyamba mu nsi yonna (2021–2024) ==== ===== Banda abadde akola ennyo ku nsonga z’ebyobulamu n’enkulaakulana mu nsi yonna. ===== * Mu May 2021 yayingira abakulembeze b’amawanga ne Nobel laureates mu bbaluwa ey’okusaba G7 okukkiriza obutali bw’ensimbi za COVID-19 vaccine era okuddamu okuwangula okulwanyisa AIDS.[76] * Ku 11 March 2023 yali omu ku bantu abasukka mu 200 abasayina People’s Vaccine Alliance “Never Again” statement nga basaba okufuna eby’okulwanyisa ebikwatagana n’obulwadde obw’amaanyi.[77] * Mu February 2023 Banda yafuuka omu ku “grain ambassadors” ba Ukraine, ng’ayamba okuzuula amawanga ga Afrika agasinga okwetaaga emmere ya Ukraine mu kiseera ky’olutalo lwa Russo-Ukrainian War.[78] Okuyita mu Joyce Banda Foundation Trust, yeeyongedde okukola ku by’okukuuma emmere n’okusomesa, nga mwemuli okugabira amaka 500 obusimba bwa kasooli abaakosebwa Cyclone Freddy mu January 2024[79] n’okutandika enteekateeka ya K315 million bursary scheme eri abawala abasoma mu masomero aga secondary mu 2024.[80] ==== Okwesimbawo ku bwa Pulezidenti mu 2025 ==== Ku lunaku lwa 23 June 2025, People’s Party National Executive Committee yakkiriza Banda nga omukwasi w’ekibiina ku bwa Pulezidenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwa 2025. Bwe yalangirira okwesimbawo kwe e Lilongwe, yagamba nti “Malawi eri ku mugga ogw’okusalawo era yeetaaga okulaba empya ekwatiddwa ku kukola kw’abavubuka n’okutumbula abakyala mu by’enfuna.”[81] Okulonda kwe—kweyitibwa “A New Malawi for the Youth Initiatives (A.Ma.Y.I.)”—kulaga obusomesa bw’amasomero ga sekendule obutali bwa kusasula, ebifo by’obulamu eby’okusindikibwa, okukyusa mu by’obuli bw’enguzi n’okutumbula abavubuka mu by’obusuubuzi ng’ebikulu byakyo.[82] Yawangulwa Peter Mutharika. == Joyce Banda Foundation == Ng’akyali tannaba kufuuka omumyuka wa pulezidenti, yali mukulembeze era CEO w’ekitongole ekya Joyce Banda Foundation,[84] ekitongole ekirungi ekikola ku baana n’abafumbo abatalina bazadde mu Malawi okuyita mu masomero. Kiri mu Chimwankhunda area mu Blantyre nga kirimu amasomero ga primary ne secondary. Kirimu n’ekifo ky’okulabirira abaana abatalina bazadde ekirimu ebifo mukaaga n’abaana 600.[85] Era kikola ku byalo ebiriraanye nga kiwa micro-credit eri abakazi 40 n’ebibiina by’abavubuka 10. Kiwa ensigo eri abalimi abasukka mu 10,000 era kiwadde obuyambi obulala. Ekitongole kino kyazimba amalwaliro ana mu byalo 200 bye kisobola okukolako. Era kikola ku nkulaakulana mu byalo. Kirina obukwatagana ne Jack Brewer Foundation, ekitongole ekikola ku nkulaakulana mu nsi yonna ekya NFL star Jack Brewer.[86] kq7ek9i16o0yrada6u3143repwk753t 75846 75845 2026-10-01T10:52:34Z MEvalyn 9841 75846 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.[1] Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.[2] == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == Joyce Hilda Ntila yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi). Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda. Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27]Ebibiina mu DPP Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu myaka egyasooka okutuuka ku bukulembeze bwa Banda, Malawi yali mu mbeera embi ey’ebyenfuna olw’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala mu bufuzi bwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Mu mwaka ogwasembayo ogw’obufuzi bwa Mutharika, Bungereza, Amerika, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank ne African Development Bank byonna byaleka okuwa obuyambi bw’ebyensimbi. Baalaga okutya ku bikolwa bya Mutharika ku demokulasiya mu ggwanga n’obukulembeze bwe obwali butandise okubaamu obutabanguko. Mu March 2012, Mutharika yagamba abakungu bano abava ebweru nti “mugende mu hell.” Yabalumiriza okutegeka okuggyawo gavumenti ye.[48] Ekimu ku bizibu bya Banda ng’omukulembeze kyali kuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi. Era yalina ekizibu eky’okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’eggwanga lye erya Malawi nga Mozambique, n’amawanga agali mu kitundu nga Botswana. Mu wiiki esooka ey’obufuzi bwe, Banda yatandika okukola enkolagana empya okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana ya Malawi n’amawanga amalala.[49] Yayogera ne Henry Bellingham ow’ekitongole kya United Kingdom’s Foreign Office. Yamusuubiza nti omubaka omupya owa Bungereza ajja kutumibwa “mu kiseera ekisinga obumpi.” Yayogera ne Secretary of State Hillary Clinton owa Amerika. Clinton yasubiza okuddamu okuteesa ku ssente za $350 million ez’amasannyalaze mu bwangu ddala. Banda yalangirira enteekateeka okwogera ne Baroness Ashton ow’ekitongole kya European Union’s Foreign Affairs office ne Ruby Randall, omukiise wa IMF mu Malawi. Ye ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Michael Sata baali bamaze okuteesa ku kuddamu okukola enkolagana ennungi.[49] Okusanyusa abawa obuyambi, gavumenti ya Banda era yagaana mu June 2012 okutegekera olukiiko lw’African Union mu July kubanga AU yali egambye nti pulezidenti wa Sudan Omar al-Bashir aweebwe obukakafu nti Malawi ejja kwegaana okuweereza ekiragiro kya ICC ekimukwata; Cabinet yasalawo nti embeera zino tezikkirizibwa.[50] Banda yayogerwako Forbes nga omukyala ow’amaanyi asinga obungi mu nsi, erinnya ly’omu Afrika erisinga obunene ku lukalala. === Enkola y'eggwanga === ===== Obubonero bw'eggwanga ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] Mu myezi ebiri nga bamaze okutandika okukulembera, gavumenti ya Banda yateekawo ekiragiro okuddamu okukozesa bendera ya Malawi eyasooka eya 1964 "rising-sun", ng’eggyako eyakozesebwa mu 2010 wansi wa Bingu wa Mutharika.[51][52] ===== Okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi (2010–2012).svg|thumb|Bbendera etamanyiddwa eya 2010–2012]] Ku 18 May 2012 Banda yalangirira nti agenda kuggyawo amateeka agalwanyisa obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka.[53] Mu November Minisitule y’ebyamateeka yawa ekiragiro eky’okwewala okukwatibwa ku bantu abakola obufumbo obwo nga balina okukkiriziganya, nga balindirira okwekeneenya kwa Palamenti,[54] naye Kkooti Enkulu yasazaamu ekiragiro ekyo mu February 2016, ng’egamba nti Palamenti yokka ye esobola okusazaamu oba okuggyawo amateeka gano.[55] Newankubadde obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka bukyali mu mateeka, okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu kwongedde; Lilongwe yakuba olugendo lw’abavubuka ba LGBT olwasooka mu Malawi nga 26 June 2021.[56] ===== Enkyukakyuka mu by’enfuna n’ensimbi ===== Mu kugoberera amagezi ga International Monetary Fund (IMF), Banda yateekawo enkola y’okukyusa omuwendo gw’ensimbi, era nga 7 May 2012, yakendeeza omuwendo gwa Malawian kwacha ku bitundu 33 ku buli kikumi okusinziira ku ddoola ya Amerika okusobola okuggyawo akatale akatono akaliwo n’okufunamu obuyambi okuva ebweru.[57] * Obuzibu obw’akaseera akatono: Okukendeeza omuwendo gw’ensimbi wamu n’okuteeka ebbeeyi y’amafuta mu mikono gy’abantu, kyaleetera okweyongera kw’ebbeeyi y’ebintu okutuuka ku bitundu 34 ku buli kikumi era ne kuleeta okwegugunga n’okulaga obutali bumativu mu January 2013.[58] * Okuddamu okuzimba mu kiseera ekya wakati: Ku nkomerero ya 2013, IMF yagamba nti “okuddamu okuzimba kutandise… nga kuyambibwa okwongera okufuna ensimbi eziva ebweru” era nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu yatandika okukka.[59] Ekibiina kya Southern African Development Community kyategeka nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu ejja kukendeera okutuuka ku bitundu 19.6 ku buli kikumi mu 2014 ng’omuwendo gw’ensimbi gukutte mu mbeera.[60] * Enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi: U.S. Congressional Research Service yalaga nti abawa obuyambi abasinga abaali basazizzaamu obuyambi bw’ensimbi mu kiseera kya Mutharika baabuzzaayo oluvannyuma lw’enkyukakyuka za Banda, nga mwemuli n’endagaano ya US $350-million eya Millennium Challenge Corporation.[61] Enkyukakyuka zino zaateekebwako mu pulogulaamu ya gavumenti ey’okuddamu okuzimba mu by’enfuna eya 2012–2014, eyateeka enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu katale wamu n’enteekateeka z’okukuuma abantu mu mbeera y’obulamu.[62] ===== Obukadde n’ekyuma kya pulezidenti ===== Okusala ku nsimbi ezikozesebwa mu gavumenti, Banda yasuubiza okukendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30 ku buli kikumi era n’alagira okutunda ekifaananyi kya Dassault Falcon 900EX ekyagulibwa eyamuddirira. Ekifaananyi kino kyatundibwa eri Bohnox Enterprise eyali esangibwa mu British Virgin Islands ku doola za Amerika obukadde 15 mu May 2013.[63] Abakungu ba gavumenti baagamba nti ensimbi zino zaakozesebwa okusasula ebbanja ly’okulwanyisa ne Paramount Group n’okusasula emmere ya kasooli n’eddagala, naye ebibiina by’abantu baawakanya enteekateeka eno era ne basaba ebikwata ku ndagaano.[64] Okutegeeza kwa Parliament’s Public Accounts Committee mu 2021 kwalaga okunoonyereza okuggya ku nsonga eno, newankubadde tewali misango gy’obumenyi bw’amateeka egisimbiddwa mu kkooti.[65] ===== Enkola y’abantu ===== Wadde nga enkola za Banda zaaleeta obwesige mu bawandiisi b’ensimbi n’okufuna ssente z’ebweru, zaaleetawo okulinnya kw’ebbeeyi y’obulamu mu maka agali mu bibuga, ne zikendeeza obuwanguzi bwe mu bantu ng’agenda okulonda kwa 2014. Abanoonyereza bakyalina okwawukanako ku mugaso ogw’ebbanga ddene ogw’okukendeeza ebbeeyi mu 2012, newankubadde IMF ne World Bank balaga nti enkola eno yayamba okuziyiza obuzibu bw’ebyenfuna n’okuteekawo omusingi gw’enkulaakulana empya.[66] ===== Enteekateeka za Pulezidenti ===== Banda alaze obumanyirivu mu kulabirira obulamu bw’abakyala n’eddembe ly’okuzaala, nga asinga okuyita mu kusomesa abakyala ku Malawi. Yalaga obuwagizi bwe ng’atandika Presidential Initiative on Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood. Mu myaka ebiri gyokka, enteekateeka eno yalaga okukendeera kw’omuwendo gw’abakyala abafa nga bazaala okuva ku 675 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa okutuuka ku 460 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa.[67] ===== Bendera ===== Oluvannyuma bendera yakyusibwa mu 2010 gavumenti ya Mutharika, waaliwo okuwakanya okuva mu bantu. Ebibiina bingi byawakanya obutuufu bwa bendera eno. Ku 28 May 2012, Banda yakulembera ababaka ba palamenti okusalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze, eyasooka okuteekebwako mu 1964. Ebibiina byonna, okuggyako DPP, byasalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze.[68] ==== Obulamu oluvannyuma lw’okuba pulezidenti ==== ===== Okuddayo okuva mu buwangwa n’okunoonyereza ku Cashgate (2018) ===== Banda yaddayo e Malawi nga 28 April 2018 oluvannyuma lw’emyaka esatu egy’okweyisa mu buwangwa mu Amerika, gyeyali mukwano omukulu mu Woodrow Wilson Center ne Center for Global Development.[69][70] Newankubadde poliisi yawa ekiragiro kya 2017 okumukwata olw’omusango gwa “Cashgate” ogw’omu 2013, Anti-Corruption Bureau yategeeza mu May 2018 nti okunoonyereza kwali kukyagenda mu maaso era nti Banda teyali akyaliiko musango gw’okusimbibwa mu kkooti.[71] ==== Enkolagana z’ebyokulonda mu 2019–2020 ==== People’s Party yasooka okuteekawo Banda ku kulonda kwa pulezidenti mu 2019, naye nga 15 March 2019 yavaamu n’awagira omuvuganya w’ekibiina ky’obufuzi Lazarus Chakwera.[72][73] Oluvannyuma lwa Kkooti Enkulu okusalawo okuggya ebivudde mu kulonda kwa 2019, Banda yawagira Chakwera mu kulonda okwaddirira mu June 2020 era n’amwebaza mu lujjudde oluvannyuma lw’okuwangula.[74] Mu kabineeti ya Chakwera eyasooka, eyalangirirwa nga 8 July 2020, mwali mutabani wa Banda, Roy Akajuwe Kachale-Banda, ng’omubaka w’ebyobusuubuzi.[75] ==== Okulwanirira n’okuyamba mu nsi yonna (2021–2024) ==== ===== Banda abadde akola ennyo ku nsonga z’ebyobulamu n’enkulaakulana mu nsi yonna. ===== * Mu May 2021 yayingira abakulembeze b’amawanga ne Nobel laureates mu bbaluwa ey’okusaba G7 okukkiriza obutali bw’ensimbi za COVID-19 vaccine era okuddamu okuwangula okulwanyisa AIDS.[76] * Ku 11 March 2023 yali omu ku bantu abasukka mu 200 abasayina People’s Vaccine Alliance “Never Again” statement nga basaba okufuna eby’okulwanyisa ebikwatagana n’obulwadde obw’amaanyi.[77] * Mu February 2023 Banda yafuuka omu ku “grain ambassadors” ba Ukraine, ng’ayamba okuzuula amawanga ga Afrika agasinga okwetaaga emmere ya Ukraine mu kiseera ky’olutalo lwa Russo-Ukrainian War.[78] Okuyita mu Joyce Banda Foundation Trust, yeeyongedde okukola ku by’okukuuma emmere n’okusomesa, nga mwemuli okugabira amaka 500 obusimba bwa kasooli abaakosebwa Cyclone Freddy mu January 2024[79] n’okutandika enteekateeka ya K315 million bursary scheme eri abawala abasoma mu masomero aga secondary mu 2024.[80] ==== Okwesimbawo ku bwa Pulezidenti mu 2025 ==== Ku lunaku lwa 23 June 2025, People’s Party National Executive Committee yakkiriza Banda nga omukwasi w’ekibiina ku bwa Pulezidenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwa 2025. Bwe yalangirira okwesimbawo kwe e Lilongwe, yagamba nti “Malawi eri ku mugga ogw’okusalawo era yeetaaga okulaba empya ekwatiddwa ku kukola kw’abavubuka n’okutumbula abakyala mu by’enfuna.”[81] Okulonda kwe—kweyitibwa “A New Malawi for the Youth Initiatives (A.Ma.Y.I.)”—kulaga obusomesa bw’amasomero ga sekendule obutali bwa kusasula, ebifo by’obulamu eby’okusindikibwa, okukyusa mu by’obuli bw’enguzi n’okutumbula abavubuka mu by’obusuubuzi ng’ebikulu byakyo.[82] Yawangulwa Peter Mutharika. == Joyce Banda Foundation == Ng’akyali tannaba kufuuka omumyuka wa pulezidenti, yali mukulembeze era CEO w’ekitongole ekya Joyce Banda Foundation,[84] ekitongole ekirungi ekikola ku baana n’abafumbo abatalina bazadde mu Malawi okuyita mu masomero. Kiri mu Chimwankhunda area mu Blantyre nga kirimu amasomero ga primary ne secondary. Kirimu n’ekifo ky’okulabirira abaana abatalina bazadde ekirimu ebifo mukaaga n’abaana 600.[85] Era kikola ku byalo ebiriraanye nga kiwa micro-credit eri abakazi 40 n’ebibiina by’abavubuka 10. Kiwa ensigo eri abalimi abasukka mu 10,000 era kiwadde obuyambi obulala. Ekitongole kino kyazimba amalwaliro ana mu byalo 200 bye kisobola okukolako. Era kikola ku nkulaakulana mu byalo. Kirina obukwatagana ne Jack Brewer Foundation, ekitongole ekikola ku nkulaakulana mu nsi yonna ekya NFL star Jack Brewer.[86] == National Association of Business Women == Banda ye mukulembeze w’ekibiina kya National Association of Business Women mu Malawi ekyatandikibwa mu 1990. Kiri mu mateeka ng’ekitongole ekitali kya magoba mu Malawi.[87] Ekibiina kino kirina ekigendererwa okuggyamu abakazi obwavu nga bawanga amaanyi n’okubawa obusobozi mu by’enfuna.[88] Kino kye kibiina ky’abakazi 30,000, ekisanyusa okuwagira bizinensi z’abakazi n’okuyamba abakazi abayagala okwetaba mu bizinensi. Ebikolwa byabwe birimu okutendeka mu bizinensi, okutendeka mu tekinologiya, okukuuma ebyafaayo n’obukugu mu kukulembera.[88] Bakola okuteekateeka okukola emboozi n’abakulembeze abakola amateeka okulaba nga amateeka gabaagaliza abakazi abalina bizinensi.[89] Omukulembeze waakyo kati ye Mary Malunga.[89] Ekitongole kino kibadde n’obukwatagana ne Humanist Institute for Development Cooperation (Hivos) ey’e Netherlands okuva mu 2003.[88] 79d5ayrt6x0c035nlz34c9j7p6y1njq 75847 75846 2026-10-01T10:54:11Z MEvalyn 9841 Added image 75847 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.[1] Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.[2] == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == Joyce Hilda Ntila yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi). Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda. Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27]Ebibiina mu DPP Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu myaka egyasooka okutuuka ku bukulembeze bwa Banda, Malawi yali mu mbeera embi ey’ebyenfuna olw’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala mu bufuzi bwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Mu mwaka ogwasembayo ogw’obufuzi bwa Mutharika, Bungereza, Amerika, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank ne African Development Bank byonna byaleka okuwa obuyambi bw’ebyensimbi. Baalaga okutya ku bikolwa bya Mutharika ku demokulasiya mu ggwanga n’obukulembeze bwe obwali butandise okubaamu obutabanguko. Mu March 2012, Mutharika yagamba abakungu bano abava ebweru nti “mugende mu hell.” Yabalumiriza okutegeka okuggyawo gavumenti ye.[48] Ekimu ku bizibu bya Banda ng’omukulembeze kyali kuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi. Era yalina ekizibu eky’okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’eggwanga lye erya Malawi nga Mozambique, n’amawanga agali mu kitundu nga Botswana. Mu wiiki esooka ey’obufuzi bwe, Banda yatandika okukola enkolagana empya okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana ya Malawi n’amawanga amalala.[49] Yayogera ne Henry Bellingham ow’ekitongole kya United Kingdom’s Foreign Office. Yamusuubiza nti omubaka omupya owa Bungereza ajja kutumibwa “mu kiseera ekisinga obumpi.” Yayogera ne Secretary of State Hillary Clinton owa Amerika. Clinton yasubiza okuddamu okuteesa ku ssente za $350 million ez’amasannyalaze mu bwangu ddala. Banda yalangirira enteekateeka okwogera ne Baroness Ashton ow’ekitongole kya European Union’s Foreign Affairs office ne Ruby Randall, omukiise wa IMF mu Malawi. Ye ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Michael Sata baali bamaze okuteesa ku kuddamu okukola enkolagana ennungi.[49] Okusanyusa abawa obuyambi, gavumenti ya Banda era yagaana mu June 2012 okutegekera olukiiko lw’African Union mu July kubanga AU yali egambye nti pulezidenti wa Sudan Omar al-Bashir aweebwe obukakafu nti Malawi ejja kwegaana okuweereza ekiragiro kya ICC ekimukwata; Cabinet yasalawo nti embeera zino tezikkirizibwa.[50] Banda yayogerwako Forbes nga omukyala ow’amaanyi asinga obungi mu nsi, erinnya ly’omu Afrika erisinga obunene ku lukalala. === Enkola y'eggwanga === ===== Obubonero bw'eggwanga ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] Mu myezi ebiri nga bamaze okutandika okukulembera, gavumenti ya Banda yateekawo ekiragiro okuddamu okukozesa bendera ya Malawi eyasooka eya 1964 "rising-sun", ng’eggyako eyakozesebwa mu 2010 wansi wa Bingu wa Mutharika.[51][52] ===== Okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi (2010–2012).svg|thumb|Bbendera etamanyiddwa eya 2010–2012]] Ku 18 May 2012 Banda yalangirira nti agenda kuggyawo amateeka agalwanyisa obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka.[53] Mu November Minisitule y’ebyamateeka yawa ekiragiro eky’okwewala okukwatibwa ku bantu abakola obufumbo obwo nga balina okukkiriziganya, nga balindirira okwekeneenya kwa Palamenti,[54] naye Kkooti Enkulu yasazaamu ekiragiro ekyo mu February 2016, ng’egamba nti Palamenti yokka ye esobola okusazaamu oba okuggyawo amateeka gano.[55] Newankubadde obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka bukyali mu mateeka, okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu kwongedde; Lilongwe yakuba olugendo lw’abavubuka ba LGBT olwasooka mu Malawi nga 26 June 2021.[56] ===== Enkyukakyuka mu by’enfuna n’ensimbi ===== Mu kugoberera amagezi ga International Monetary Fund (IMF), Banda yateekawo enkola y’okukyusa omuwendo gw’ensimbi, era nga 7 May 2012, yakendeeza omuwendo gwa Malawian kwacha ku bitundu 33 ku buli kikumi okusinziira ku ddoola ya Amerika okusobola okuggyawo akatale akatono akaliwo n’okufunamu obuyambi okuva ebweru.[57] * Obuzibu obw’akaseera akatono: Okukendeeza omuwendo gw’ensimbi wamu n’okuteeka ebbeeyi y’amafuta mu mikono gy’abantu, kyaleetera okweyongera kw’ebbeeyi y’ebintu okutuuka ku bitundu 34 ku buli kikumi era ne kuleeta okwegugunga n’okulaga obutali bumativu mu January 2013.[58] * Okuddamu okuzimba mu kiseera ekya wakati: Ku nkomerero ya 2013, IMF yagamba nti “okuddamu okuzimba kutandise… nga kuyambibwa okwongera okufuna ensimbi eziva ebweru” era nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu yatandika okukka.[59] Ekibiina kya Southern African Development Community kyategeka nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu ejja kukendeera okutuuka ku bitundu 19.6 ku buli kikumi mu 2014 ng’omuwendo gw’ensimbi gukutte mu mbeera.[60] * Enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi: U.S. Congressional Research Service yalaga nti abawa obuyambi abasinga abaali basazizzaamu obuyambi bw’ensimbi mu kiseera kya Mutharika baabuzzaayo oluvannyuma lw’enkyukakyuka za Banda, nga mwemuli n’endagaano ya US $350-million eya Millennium Challenge Corporation.[61] Enkyukakyuka zino zaateekebwako mu pulogulaamu ya gavumenti ey’okuddamu okuzimba mu by’enfuna eya 2012–2014, eyateeka enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu katale wamu n’enteekateeka z’okukuuma abantu mu mbeera y’obulamu.[62] ===== Obukadde n’ekyuma kya pulezidenti ===== Okusala ku nsimbi ezikozesebwa mu gavumenti, Banda yasuubiza okukendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30 ku buli kikumi era n’alagira okutunda ekifaananyi kya Dassault Falcon 900EX ekyagulibwa eyamuddirira. Ekifaananyi kino kyatundibwa eri Bohnox Enterprise eyali esangibwa mu British Virgin Islands ku doola za Amerika obukadde 15 mu May 2013.[63] Abakungu ba gavumenti baagamba nti ensimbi zino zaakozesebwa okusasula ebbanja ly’okulwanyisa ne Paramount Group n’okusasula emmere ya kasooli n’eddagala, naye ebibiina by’abantu baawakanya enteekateeka eno era ne basaba ebikwata ku ndagaano.[64] Okutegeeza kwa Parliament’s Public Accounts Committee mu 2021 kwalaga okunoonyereza okuggya ku nsonga eno, newankubadde tewali misango gy’obumenyi bw’amateeka egisimbiddwa mu kkooti.[65] ===== Enkola y’abantu ===== Wadde nga enkola za Banda zaaleeta obwesige mu bawandiisi b’ensimbi n’okufuna ssente z’ebweru, zaaleetawo okulinnya kw’ebbeeyi y’obulamu mu maka agali mu bibuga, ne zikendeeza obuwanguzi bwe mu bantu ng’agenda okulonda kwa 2014. Abanoonyereza bakyalina okwawukanako ku mugaso ogw’ebbanga ddene ogw’okukendeeza ebbeeyi mu 2012, newankubadde IMF ne World Bank balaga nti enkola eno yayamba okuziyiza obuzibu bw’ebyenfuna n’okuteekawo omusingi gw’enkulaakulana empya.[66] ===== Enteekateeka za Pulezidenti ===== Banda alaze obumanyirivu mu kulabirira obulamu bw’abakyala n’eddembe ly’okuzaala, nga asinga okuyita mu kusomesa abakyala ku Malawi. Yalaga obuwagizi bwe ng’atandika Presidential Initiative on Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood. Mu myaka ebiri gyokka, enteekateeka eno yalaga okukendeera kw’omuwendo gw’abakyala abafa nga bazaala okuva ku 675 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa okutuuka ku 460 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa.[67] ===== Bendera ===== Oluvannyuma bendera yakyusibwa mu 2010 gavumenti ya Mutharika, waaliwo okuwakanya okuva mu bantu. Ebibiina bingi byawakanya obutuufu bwa bendera eno. Ku 28 May 2012, Banda yakulembera ababaka ba palamenti okusalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze, eyasooka okuteekebwako mu 1964. Ebibiina byonna, okuggyako DPP, byasalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze.[68] ==== Obulamu oluvannyuma lw’okuba pulezidenti ==== ===== Okuddayo okuva mu buwangwa n’okunoonyereza ku Cashgate (2018) ===== Banda yaddayo e Malawi nga 28 April 2018 oluvannyuma lw’emyaka esatu egy’okweyisa mu buwangwa mu Amerika, gyeyali mukwano omukulu mu Woodrow Wilson Center ne Center for Global Development.[69][70] Newankubadde poliisi yawa ekiragiro kya 2017 okumukwata olw’omusango gwa “Cashgate” ogw’omu 2013, Anti-Corruption Bureau yategeeza mu May 2018 nti okunoonyereza kwali kukyagenda mu maaso era nti Banda teyali akyaliiko musango gw’okusimbibwa mu kkooti.[71] ==== Enkolagana z’ebyokulonda mu 2019–2020 ==== People’s Party yasooka okuteekawo Banda ku kulonda kwa pulezidenti mu 2019, naye nga 15 March 2019 yavaamu n’awagira omuvuganya w’ekibiina ky’obufuzi Lazarus Chakwera.[72][73] Oluvannyuma lwa Kkooti Enkulu okusalawo okuggya ebivudde mu kulonda kwa 2019, Banda yawagira Chakwera mu kulonda okwaddirira mu June 2020 era n’amwebaza mu lujjudde oluvannyuma lw’okuwangula.[74] Mu kabineeti ya Chakwera eyasooka, eyalangirirwa nga 8 July 2020, mwali mutabani wa Banda, Roy Akajuwe Kachale-Banda, ng’omubaka w’ebyobusuubuzi.[75] ==== Okulwanirira n’okuyamba mu nsi yonna (2021–2024) ==== ===== Banda abadde akola ennyo ku nsonga z’ebyobulamu n’enkulaakulana mu nsi yonna. ===== * Mu May 2021 yayingira abakulembeze b’amawanga ne Nobel laureates mu bbaluwa ey’okusaba G7 okukkiriza obutali bw’ensimbi za COVID-19 vaccine era okuddamu okuwangula okulwanyisa AIDS.[76] * Ku 11 March 2023 yali omu ku bantu abasukka mu 200 abasayina People’s Vaccine Alliance “Never Again” statement nga basaba okufuna eby’okulwanyisa ebikwatagana n’obulwadde obw’amaanyi.[77] * Mu February 2023 Banda yafuuka omu ku “grain ambassadors” ba Ukraine, ng’ayamba okuzuula amawanga ga Afrika agasinga okwetaaga emmere ya Ukraine mu kiseera ky’olutalo lwa Russo-Ukrainian War.[78] Okuyita mu Joyce Banda Foundation Trust, yeeyongedde okukola ku by’okukuuma emmere n’okusomesa, nga mwemuli okugabira amaka 500 obusimba bwa kasooli abaakosebwa Cyclone Freddy mu January 2024[79] n’okutandika enteekateeka ya K315 million bursary scheme eri abawala abasoma mu masomero aga secondary mu 2024.[80] ==== Okwesimbawo ku bwa Pulezidenti mu 2025 ==== [[File:Joyce Banda 2025.jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2025]] Ku lunaku lwa 23 June 2025, People’s Party National Executive Committee yakkiriza Banda nga omukwasi w’ekibiina ku bwa Pulezidenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwa 2025. Bwe yalangirira okwesimbawo kwe e Lilongwe, yagamba nti “Malawi eri ku mugga ogw’okusalawo era yeetaaga okulaba empya ekwatiddwa ku kukola kw’abavubuka n’okutumbula abakyala mu by’enfuna.”[81] Okulonda kwe—kweyitibwa “A New Malawi for the Youth Initiatives (A.Ma.Y.I.)”—kulaga obusomesa bw’amasomero ga sekendule obutali bwa kusasula, ebifo by’obulamu eby’okusindikibwa, okukyusa mu by’obuli bw’enguzi n’okutumbula abavubuka mu by’obusuubuzi ng’ebikulu byakyo.[82] Yawangulwa Peter Mutharika. == Joyce Banda Foundation == Ng’akyali tannaba kufuuka omumyuka wa pulezidenti, yali mukulembeze era CEO w’ekitongole ekya Joyce Banda Foundation,[84] ekitongole ekirungi ekikola ku baana n’abafumbo abatalina bazadde mu Malawi okuyita mu masomero. Kiri mu Chimwankhunda area mu Blantyre nga kirimu amasomero ga primary ne secondary. Kirimu n’ekifo ky’okulabirira abaana abatalina bazadde ekirimu ebifo mukaaga n’abaana 600.[85] Era kikola ku byalo ebiriraanye nga kiwa micro-credit eri abakazi 40 n’ebibiina by’abavubuka 10. Kiwa ensigo eri abalimi abasukka mu 10,000 era kiwadde obuyambi obulala. Ekitongole kino kyazimba amalwaliro ana mu byalo 200 bye kisobola okukolako. Era kikola ku nkulaakulana mu byalo. Kirina obukwatagana ne Jack Brewer Foundation, ekitongole ekikola ku nkulaakulana mu nsi yonna ekya NFL star Jack Brewer.[86] == National Association of Business Women == Banda ye mukulembeze w’ekibiina kya National Association of Business Women mu Malawi ekyatandikibwa mu 1990. Kiri mu mateeka ng’ekitongole ekitali kya magoba mu Malawi.[87] Ekibiina kino kirina ekigendererwa okuggyamu abakazi obwavu nga bawanga amaanyi n’okubawa obusobozi mu by’enfuna.[88] Kino kye kibiina ky’abakazi 30,000, ekisanyusa okuwagira bizinensi z’abakazi n’okuyamba abakazi abayagala okwetaba mu bizinensi. Ebikolwa byabwe birimu okutendeka mu bizinensi, okutendeka mu tekinologiya, okukuuma ebyafaayo n’obukugu mu kukulembera.[88] Bakola okuteekateeka okukola emboozi n’abakulembeze abakola amateeka okulaba nga amateeka gabaagaliza abakazi abalina bizinensi.[89] Omukulembeze waakyo kati ye Mary Malunga.[89] Ekitongole kino kibadde n’obukwatagana ne Humanist Institute for Development Cooperation (Hivos) ey’e Netherlands okuva mu 2003.[88] 7nc0cmqrb0ja8yg3za0n4v80h6a1ji6 75848 75847 2026-10-01T10:55:37Z MEvalyn 9841 75848 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.[1] Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.[2] == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == Joyce Hilda Ntila yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi). Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda. Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27]Ebibiina mu DPP Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu myaka egyasooka okutuuka ku bukulembeze bwa Banda, Malawi yali mu mbeera embi ey’ebyenfuna olw’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala mu bufuzi bwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Mu mwaka ogwasembayo ogw’obufuzi bwa Mutharika, Bungereza, Amerika, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank ne African Development Bank byonna byaleka okuwa obuyambi bw’ebyensimbi. Baalaga okutya ku bikolwa bya Mutharika ku demokulasiya mu ggwanga n’obukulembeze bwe obwali butandise okubaamu obutabanguko. Mu March 2012, Mutharika yagamba abakungu bano abava ebweru nti “mugende mu hell.” Yabalumiriza okutegeka okuggyawo gavumenti ye.[48] Ekimu ku bizibu bya Banda ng’omukulembeze kyali kuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi. Era yalina ekizibu eky’okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’eggwanga lye erya Malawi nga Mozambique, n’amawanga agali mu kitundu nga Botswana. Mu wiiki esooka ey’obufuzi bwe, Banda yatandika okukola enkolagana empya okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana ya Malawi n’amawanga amalala.[49] Yayogera ne Henry Bellingham ow’ekitongole kya United Kingdom’s Foreign Office. Yamusuubiza nti omubaka omupya owa Bungereza ajja kutumibwa “mu kiseera ekisinga obumpi.” Yayogera ne Secretary of State Hillary Clinton owa Amerika. Clinton yasubiza okuddamu okuteesa ku ssente za $350 million ez’amasannyalaze mu bwangu ddala. Banda yalangirira enteekateeka okwogera ne Baroness Ashton ow’ekitongole kya European Union’s Foreign Affairs office ne Ruby Randall, omukiise wa IMF mu Malawi. Ye ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Michael Sata baali bamaze okuteesa ku kuddamu okukola enkolagana ennungi.[49] Okusanyusa abawa obuyambi, gavumenti ya Banda era yagaana mu June 2012 okutegekera olukiiko lw’African Union mu July kubanga AU yali egambye nti pulezidenti wa Sudan Omar al-Bashir aweebwe obukakafu nti Malawi ejja kwegaana okuweereza ekiragiro kya ICC ekimukwata; Cabinet yasalawo nti embeera zino tezikkirizibwa.[50] Banda yayogerwako Forbes nga omukyala ow’amaanyi asinga obungi mu nsi, erinnya ly’omu Afrika erisinga obunene ku lukalala. === Enkola y'eggwanga === ===== Obubonero bw'eggwanga ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] Mu myezi ebiri nga bamaze okutandika okukulembera, gavumenti ya Banda yateekawo ekiragiro okuddamu okukozesa bendera ya Malawi eyasooka eya 1964 "rising-sun", ng’eggyako eyakozesebwa mu 2010 wansi wa Bingu wa Mutharika.[51][52] ===== Okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi (2010–2012).svg|thumb|Bbendera etamanyiddwa eya 2010–2012]] Ku 18 May 2012 Banda yalangirira nti agenda kuggyawo amateeka agalwanyisa obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka.[53] Mu November Minisitule y’ebyamateeka yawa ekiragiro eky’okwewala okukwatibwa ku bantu abakola obufumbo obwo nga balina okukkiriziganya, nga balindirira okwekeneenya kwa Palamenti,[54] naye Kkooti Enkulu yasazaamu ekiragiro ekyo mu February 2016, ng’egamba nti Palamenti yokka ye esobola okusazaamu oba okuggyawo amateeka gano.[55] Newankubadde obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka bukyali mu mateeka, okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu kwongedde; Lilongwe yakuba olugendo lw’abavubuka ba LGBT olwasooka mu Malawi nga 26 June 2021.[56] ===== Enkyukakyuka mu by’enfuna n’ensimbi ===== Mu kugoberera amagezi ga International Monetary Fund (IMF), Banda yateekawo enkola y’okukyusa omuwendo gw’ensimbi, era nga 7 May 2012, yakendeeza omuwendo gwa Malawian kwacha ku bitundu 33 ku buli kikumi okusinziira ku ddoola ya Amerika okusobola okuggyawo akatale akatono akaliwo n’okufunamu obuyambi okuva ebweru.[57] * Obuzibu obw’akaseera akatono: Okukendeeza omuwendo gw’ensimbi wamu n’okuteeka ebbeeyi y’amafuta mu mikono gy’abantu, kyaleetera okweyongera kw’ebbeeyi y’ebintu okutuuka ku bitundu 34 ku buli kikumi era ne kuleeta okwegugunga n’okulaga obutali bumativu mu January 2013.[58] * Okuddamu okuzimba mu kiseera ekya wakati: Ku nkomerero ya 2013, IMF yagamba nti “okuddamu okuzimba kutandise… nga kuyambibwa okwongera okufuna ensimbi eziva ebweru” era nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu yatandika okukka.[59] Ekibiina kya Southern African Development Community kyategeka nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu ejja kukendeera okutuuka ku bitundu 19.6 ku buli kikumi mu 2014 ng’omuwendo gw’ensimbi gukutte mu mbeera.[60] * Enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi: U.S. Congressional Research Service yalaga nti abawa obuyambi abasinga abaali basazizzaamu obuyambi bw’ensimbi mu kiseera kya Mutharika baabuzzaayo oluvannyuma lw’enkyukakyuka za Banda, nga mwemuli n’endagaano ya US $350-million eya Millennium Challenge Corporation.[61] Enkyukakyuka zino zaateekebwako mu pulogulaamu ya gavumenti ey’okuddamu okuzimba mu by’enfuna eya 2012–2014, eyateeka enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu katale wamu n’enteekateeka z’okukuuma abantu mu mbeera y’obulamu.[62] ===== Obukadde n’ekyuma kya pulezidenti ===== Okusala ku nsimbi ezikozesebwa mu gavumenti, Banda yasuubiza okukendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30 ku buli kikumi era n’alagira okutunda ekifaananyi kya Dassault Falcon 900EX ekyagulibwa eyamuddirira. Ekifaananyi kino kyatundibwa eri Bohnox Enterprise eyali esangibwa mu British Virgin Islands ku doola za Amerika obukadde 15 mu May 2013.[63] Abakungu ba gavumenti baagamba nti ensimbi zino zaakozesebwa okusasula ebbanja ly’okulwanyisa ne Paramount Group n’okusasula emmere ya kasooli n’eddagala, naye ebibiina by’abantu baawakanya enteekateeka eno era ne basaba ebikwata ku ndagaano.[64] Okutegeeza kwa Parliament’s Public Accounts Committee mu 2021 kwalaga okunoonyereza okuggya ku nsonga eno, newankubadde tewali misango gy’obumenyi bw’amateeka egisimbiddwa mu kkooti.[65] ===== Enkola y’abantu ===== Wadde nga enkola za Banda zaaleeta obwesige mu bawandiisi b’ensimbi n’okufuna ssente z’ebweru, zaaleetawo okulinnya kw’ebbeeyi y’obulamu mu maka agali mu bibuga, ne zikendeeza obuwanguzi bwe mu bantu ng’agenda okulonda kwa 2014. Abanoonyereza bakyalina okwawukanako ku mugaso ogw’ebbanga ddene ogw’okukendeeza ebbeeyi mu 2012, newankubadde IMF ne World Bank balaga nti enkola eno yayamba okuziyiza obuzibu bw’ebyenfuna n’okuteekawo omusingi gw’enkulaakulana empya.[66] ===== Enteekateeka za Pulezidenti ===== Banda alaze obumanyirivu mu kulabirira obulamu bw’abakyala n’eddembe ly’okuzaala, nga asinga okuyita mu kusomesa abakyala ku Malawi. Yalaga obuwagizi bwe ng’atandika Presidential Initiative on Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood. Mu myaka ebiri gyokka, enteekateeka eno yalaga okukendeera kw’omuwendo gw’abakyala abafa nga bazaala okuva ku 675 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa okutuuka ku 460 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa.[67] ===== Bendera ===== Oluvannyuma bendera yakyusibwa mu 2010 gavumenti ya Mutharika, waaliwo okuwakanya okuva mu bantu. Ebibiina bingi byawakanya obutuufu bwa bendera eno. Ku 28 May 2012, Banda yakulembera ababaka ba palamenti okusalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze, eyasooka okuteekebwako mu 1964. Ebibiina byonna, okuggyako DPP, byasalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze.[68] ==== Obulamu oluvannyuma lw’okuba pulezidenti ==== ===== Okuddayo okuva mu buwangwa n’okunoonyereza ku Cashgate (2018) ===== Banda yaddayo e Malawi nga 28 April 2018 oluvannyuma lw’emyaka esatu egy’okweyisa mu buwangwa mu Amerika, gyeyali mukwano omukulu mu Woodrow Wilson Center ne Center for Global Development.[69][70] Newankubadde poliisi yawa ekiragiro kya 2017 okumukwata olw’omusango gwa “Cashgate” ogw’omu 2013, Anti-Corruption Bureau yategeeza mu May 2018 nti okunoonyereza kwali kukyagenda mu maaso era nti Banda teyali akyaliiko musango gw’okusimbibwa mu kkooti.[71] ==== Enkolagana z’ebyokulonda mu 2019–2020 ==== People’s Party yasooka okuteekawo Banda ku kulonda kwa pulezidenti mu 2019, naye nga 15 March 2019 yavaamu n’awagira omuvuganya w’ekibiina ky’obufuzi Lazarus Chakwera.[72][73] Oluvannyuma lwa Kkooti Enkulu okusalawo okuggya ebivudde mu kulonda kwa 2019, Banda yawagira Chakwera mu kulonda okwaddirira mu June 2020 era n’amwebaza mu lujjudde oluvannyuma lw’okuwangula.[74] Mu kabineeti ya Chakwera eyasooka, eyalangirirwa nga 8 July 2020, mwali mutabani wa Banda, Roy Akajuwe Kachale-Banda, ng’omubaka w’ebyobusuubuzi.[75] ==== Okulwanirira n’okuyamba mu nsi yonna (2021–2024) ==== ===== Banda abadde akola ennyo ku nsonga z’ebyobulamu n’enkulaakulana mu nsi yonna. ===== * Mu May 2021 yayingira abakulembeze b’amawanga ne Nobel laureates mu bbaluwa ey’okusaba G7 okukkiriza obutali bw’ensimbi za COVID-19 vaccine era okuddamu okuwangula okulwanyisa AIDS.[76] * Ku 11 March 2023 yali omu ku bantu abasukka mu 200 abasayina People’s Vaccine Alliance “Never Again” statement nga basaba okufuna eby’okulwanyisa ebikwatagana n’obulwadde obw’amaanyi.[77] * Mu February 2023 Banda yafuuka omu ku “grain ambassadors” ba Ukraine, ng’ayamba okuzuula amawanga ga Afrika agasinga okwetaaga emmere ya Ukraine mu kiseera ky’olutalo lwa Russo-Ukrainian War.[78] Okuyita mu Joyce Banda Foundation Trust, yeeyongedde okukola ku by’okukuuma emmere n’okusomesa, nga mwemuli okugabira amaka 500 obusimba bwa kasooli abaakosebwa Cyclone Freddy mu January 2024[79] n’okutandika enteekateeka ya K315 million bursary scheme eri abawala abasoma mu masomero aga secondary mu 2024.[80] ==== Okwesimbawo ku bwa Pulezidenti mu 2025 ==== [[File:Joyce Banda 2025.jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2025]] Ku lunaku lwa 23 June 2025, People’s Party National Executive Committee yakkiriza Banda nga omukwasi w’ekibiina ku bwa Pulezidenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwa 2025. Bwe yalangirira okwesimbawo kwe e Lilongwe, yagamba nti “Malawi eri ku mugga ogw’okusalawo era yeetaaga okulaba empya ekwatiddwa ku kukola kw’abavubuka n’okutumbula abakyala mu by’enfuna.”[81] Okulonda kwe—kweyitibwa “A New Malawi for the Youth Initiatives (A.Ma.Y.I.)”—kulaga obusomesa bw’amasomero ga sekendule obutali bwa kusasula, ebifo by’obulamu eby’okusindikibwa, okukyusa mu by’obuli bw’enguzi n’okutumbula abavubuka mu by’obusuubuzi ng’ebikulu byakyo.[82] Yawangulwa Peter Mutharika. == Joyce Banda Foundation == Ng’akyali tannaba kufuuka omumyuka wa pulezidenti, yali mukulembeze era CEO w’ekitongole ekya Joyce Banda Foundation,[84] ekitongole ekirungi ekikola ku baana n’abafumbo abatalina bazadde mu Malawi okuyita mu masomero. Kiri mu Chimwankhunda area mu Blantyre nga kirimu amasomero ga primary ne secondary. Kirimu n’ekifo ky’okulabirira abaana abatalina bazadde ekirimu ebifo mukaaga n’abaana 600.[85] Era kikola ku byalo ebiriraanye nga kiwa micro-credit eri abakazi 40 n’ebibiina by’abavubuka 10. Kiwa ensigo eri abalimi abasukka mu 10,000 era kiwadde obuyambi obulala. Ekitongole kino kyazimba amalwaliro ana mu byalo 200 bye kisobola okukolako. Era kikola ku nkulaakulana mu byalo. Kirina obukwatagana ne Jack Brewer Foundation, ekitongole ekikola ku nkulaakulana mu nsi yonna ekya NFL star Jack Brewer.[86] == National Association of Business Women == Banda ye mukulembeze w’ekibiina kya National Association of Business Women mu Malawi ekyatandikibwa mu 1990. Kiri mu mateeka ng’ekitongole ekitali kya magoba mu Malawi.[87] Ekibiina kino kirina ekigendererwa okuggyamu abakazi obwavu nga bawanga amaanyi n’okubawa obusobozi mu by’enfuna.[88] Kino kye kibiina ky’abakazi 30,000, ekisanyusa okuwagira bizinensi z’abakazi n’okuyamba abakazi abayagala okwetaba mu bizinensi. Ebikolwa byabwe birimu okutendeka mu bizinensi, okutendeka mu tekinologiya, okukuuma ebyafaayo n’obukugu mu kukulembera.[88] Bakola okuteekateeka okukola emboozi n’abakulembeze abakola amateeka okulaba nga amateeka gabaagaliza abakazi abalina bizinensi.[89] Omukulembeze waakyo kati ye Mary Malunga.[89] Ekitongole kino kibadde n’obukwatagana ne Humanist Institute for Development Cooperation (Hivos) ey’e Netherlands okuva mu 2003.[88] == Philanthropy n’okukulaakulanya ebikolebwa == Banda abadde mu mirimu mingi egy’obusobozi n’abakyala okuva ku myaka 25 okulaba nga wabaawo enkyukakyuka mu mateeka, ddala mu by’enjigiriza. Yatandika Joyce Banda Foundation for Better Education. Yatandika Young Women Leaders Network, National Association of Business Women ne Hunger Project mu Malawi. Ye (nga ali wamu ne Pulezidenti Joaquim Chissano owa Mozambique) yaweebwa ekirabo kya Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger mu 1997 ekitongole ky’e New York ekitali kya gavumenti. Yakozesa ssente z’ekirabo okuzimba ekizimbe kya Joyce Banda foundation for children.[85] Mu 2006, yafuna ekirabo kya International Award for the Health and Dignity of Women olw’okweyisa obulungi ku ddembe ly’abakyala ba Malawi nga bwekikolebwa Americans for United Nations Population Fund.[17] 0eupb3vzqrl3gv1stvve1smhg33dwc8 75849 75848 2026-10-01T10:55:55Z MEvalyn 9841 75849 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.[1] Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.[2] == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == Joyce Hilda Ntila yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi). Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda. Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27]Ebibiina mu DPP Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu myaka egyasooka okutuuka ku bukulembeze bwa Banda, Malawi yali mu mbeera embi ey’ebyenfuna olw’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala mu bufuzi bwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Mu mwaka ogwasembayo ogw’obufuzi bwa Mutharika, Bungereza, Amerika, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank ne African Development Bank byonna byaleka okuwa obuyambi bw’ebyensimbi. Baalaga okutya ku bikolwa bya Mutharika ku demokulasiya mu ggwanga n’obukulembeze bwe obwali butandise okubaamu obutabanguko. Mu March 2012, Mutharika yagamba abakungu bano abava ebweru nti “mugende mu hell.” Yabalumiriza okutegeka okuggyawo gavumenti ye.[48] Ekimu ku bizibu bya Banda ng’omukulembeze kyali kuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi. Era yalina ekizibu eky’okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’eggwanga lye erya Malawi nga Mozambique, n’amawanga agali mu kitundu nga Botswana. Mu wiiki esooka ey’obufuzi bwe, Banda yatandika okukola enkolagana empya okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana ya Malawi n’amawanga amalala.[49] Yayogera ne Henry Bellingham ow’ekitongole kya United Kingdom’s Foreign Office. Yamusuubiza nti omubaka omupya owa Bungereza ajja kutumibwa “mu kiseera ekisinga obumpi.” Yayogera ne Secretary of State Hillary Clinton owa Amerika. Clinton yasubiza okuddamu okuteesa ku ssente za $350 million ez’amasannyalaze mu bwangu ddala. Banda yalangirira enteekateeka okwogera ne Baroness Ashton ow’ekitongole kya European Union’s Foreign Affairs office ne Ruby Randall, omukiise wa IMF mu Malawi. Ye ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Michael Sata baali bamaze okuteesa ku kuddamu okukola enkolagana ennungi.[49] Okusanyusa abawa obuyambi, gavumenti ya Banda era yagaana mu June 2012 okutegekera olukiiko lw’African Union mu July kubanga AU yali egambye nti pulezidenti wa Sudan Omar al-Bashir aweebwe obukakafu nti Malawi ejja kwegaana okuweereza ekiragiro kya ICC ekimukwata; Cabinet yasalawo nti embeera zino tezikkirizibwa.[50] Banda yayogerwako Forbes nga omukyala ow’amaanyi asinga obungi mu nsi, erinnya ly’omu Afrika erisinga obunene ku lukalala. === Enkola y'eggwanga === ===== Obubonero bw'eggwanga ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] Mu myezi ebiri nga bamaze okutandika okukulembera, gavumenti ya Banda yateekawo ekiragiro okuddamu okukozesa bendera ya Malawi eyasooka eya 1964 "rising-sun", ng’eggyako eyakozesebwa mu 2010 wansi wa Bingu wa Mutharika.[51][52] ===== Okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi (2010–2012).svg|thumb|Bbendera etamanyiddwa eya 2010–2012]] Ku 18 May 2012 Banda yalangirira nti agenda kuggyawo amateeka agalwanyisa obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka.[53] Mu November Minisitule y’ebyamateeka yawa ekiragiro eky’okwewala okukwatibwa ku bantu abakola obufumbo obwo nga balina okukkiriziganya, nga balindirira okwekeneenya kwa Palamenti,[54] naye Kkooti Enkulu yasazaamu ekiragiro ekyo mu February 2016, ng’egamba nti Palamenti yokka ye esobola okusazaamu oba okuggyawo amateeka gano.[55] Newankubadde obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka bukyali mu mateeka, okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu kwongedde; Lilongwe yakuba olugendo lw’abavubuka ba LGBT olwasooka mu Malawi nga 26 June 2021.[56] ===== Enkyukakyuka mu by’enfuna n’ensimbi ===== Mu kugoberera amagezi ga International Monetary Fund (IMF), Banda yateekawo enkola y’okukyusa omuwendo gw’ensimbi, era nga 7 May 2012, yakendeeza omuwendo gwa Malawian kwacha ku bitundu 33 ku buli kikumi okusinziira ku ddoola ya Amerika okusobola okuggyawo akatale akatono akaliwo n’okufunamu obuyambi okuva ebweru.[57] * Obuzibu obw’akaseera akatono: Okukendeeza omuwendo gw’ensimbi wamu n’okuteeka ebbeeyi y’amafuta mu mikono gy’abantu, kyaleetera okweyongera kw’ebbeeyi y’ebintu okutuuka ku bitundu 34 ku buli kikumi era ne kuleeta okwegugunga n’okulaga obutali bumativu mu January 2013.[58] * Okuddamu okuzimba mu kiseera ekya wakati: Ku nkomerero ya 2013, IMF yagamba nti “okuddamu okuzimba kutandise… nga kuyambibwa okwongera okufuna ensimbi eziva ebweru” era nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu yatandika okukka.[59] Ekibiina kya Southern African Development Community kyategeka nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu ejja kukendeera okutuuka ku bitundu 19.6 ku buli kikumi mu 2014 ng’omuwendo gw’ensimbi gukutte mu mbeera.[60] * Enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi: U.S. Congressional Research Service yalaga nti abawa obuyambi abasinga abaali basazizzaamu obuyambi bw’ensimbi mu kiseera kya Mutharika baabuzzaayo oluvannyuma lw’enkyukakyuka za Banda, nga mwemuli n’endagaano ya US $350-million eya Millennium Challenge Corporation.[61] Enkyukakyuka zino zaateekebwako mu pulogulaamu ya gavumenti ey’okuddamu okuzimba mu by’enfuna eya 2012–2014, eyateeka enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu katale wamu n’enteekateeka z’okukuuma abantu mu mbeera y’obulamu.[62] ===== Obukadde n’ekyuma kya pulezidenti ===== Okusala ku nsimbi ezikozesebwa mu gavumenti, Banda yasuubiza okukendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30 ku buli kikumi era n’alagira okutunda ekifaananyi kya Dassault Falcon 900EX ekyagulibwa eyamuddirira. Ekifaananyi kino kyatundibwa eri Bohnox Enterprise eyali esangibwa mu British Virgin Islands ku doola za Amerika obukadde 15 mu May 2013.[63] Abakungu ba gavumenti baagamba nti ensimbi zino zaakozesebwa okusasula ebbanja ly’okulwanyisa ne Paramount Group n’okusasula emmere ya kasooli n’eddagala, naye ebibiina by’abantu baawakanya enteekateeka eno era ne basaba ebikwata ku ndagaano.[64] Okutegeeza kwa Parliament’s Public Accounts Committee mu 2021 kwalaga okunoonyereza okuggya ku nsonga eno, newankubadde tewali misango gy’obumenyi bw’amateeka egisimbiddwa mu kkooti.[65] ===== Enkola y’abantu ===== Wadde nga enkola za Banda zaaleeta obwesige mu bawandiisi b’ensimbi n’okufuna ssente z’ebweru, zaaleetawo okulinnya kw’ebbeeyi y’obulamu mu maka agali mu bibuga, ne zikendeeza obuwanguzi bwe mu bantu ng’agenda okulonda kwa 2014. Abanoonyereza bakyalina okwawukanako ku mugaso ogw’ebbanga ddene ogw’okukendeeza ebbeeyi mu 2012, newankubadde IMF ne World Bank balaga nti enkola eno yayamba okuziyiza obuzibu bw’ebyenfuna n’okuteekawo omusingi gw’enkulaakulana empya.[66] ===== Enteekateeka za Pulezidenti ===== Banda alaze obumanyirivu mu kulabirira obulamu bw’abakyala n’eddembe ly’okuzaala, nga asinga okuyita mu kusomesa abakyala ku Malawi. Yalaga obuwagizi bwe ng’atandika Presidential Initiative on Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood. Mu myaka ebiri gyokka, enteekateeka eno yalaga okukendeera kw’omuwendo gw’abakyala abafa nga bazaala okuva ku 675 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa okutuuka ku 460 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa.[67] ===== Bendera ===== Oluvannyuma bendera yakyusibwa mu 2010 gavumenti ya Mutharika, waaliwo okuwakanya okuva mu bantu. Ebibiina bingi byawakanya obutuufu bwa bendera eno. Ku 28 May 2012, Banda yakulembera ababaka ba palamenti okusalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze, eyasooka okuteekebwako mu 1964. Ebibiina byonna, okuggyako DPP, byasalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze.[68] ==== Obulamu oluvannyuma lw’okuba pulezidenti ==== ===== Okuddayo okuva mu buwangwa n’okunoonyereza ku Cashgate (2018) ===== Banda yaddayo e Malawi nga 28 April 2018 oluvannyuma lw’emyaka esatu egy’okweyisa mu buwangwa mu Amerika, gyeyali mukwano omukulu mu Woodrow Wilson Center ne Center for Global Development.[69][70] Newankubadde poliisi yawa ekiragiro kya 2017 okumukwata olw’omusango gwa “Cashgate” ogw’omu 2013, Anti-Corruption Bureau yategeeza mu May 2018 nti okunoonyereza kwali kukyagenda mu maaso era nti Banda teyali akyaliiko musango gw’okusimbibwa mu kkooti.[71] ==== Enkolagana z’ebyokulonda mu 2019–2020 ==== People’s Party yasooka okuteekawo Banda ku kulonda kwa pulezidenti mu 2019, naye nga 15 March 2019 yavaamu n’awagira omuvuganya w’ekibiina ky’obufuzi Lazarus Chakwera.[72][73] Oluvannyuma lwa Kkooti Enkulu okusalawo okuggya ebivudde mu kulonda kwa 2019, Banda yawagira Chakwera mu kulonda okwaddirira mu June 2020 era n’amwebaza mu lujjudde oluvannyuma lw’okuwangula.[74] Mu kabineeti ya Chakwera eyasooka, eyalangirirwa nga 8 July 2020, mwali mutabani wa Banda, Roy Akajuwe Kachale-Banda, ng’omubaka w’ebyobusuubuzi.[75] ==== Okulwanirira n’okuyamba mu nsi yonna (2021–2024) ==== ===== Banda abadde akola ennyo ku nsonga z’ebyobulamu n’enkulaakulana mu nsi yonna. ===== * Mu May 2021 yayingira abakulembeze b’amawanga ne Nobel laureates mu bbaluwa ey’okusaba G7 okukkiriza obutali bw’ensimbi za COVID-19 vaccine era okuddamu okuwangula okulwanyisa AIDS.[76] * Ku 11 March 2023 yali omu ku bantu abasukka mu 200 abasayina People’s Vaccine Alliance “Never Again” statement nga basaba okufuna eby’okulwanyisa ebikwatagana n’obulwadde obw’amaanyi.[77] * Mu February 2023 Banda yafuuka omu ku “grain ambassadors” ba Ukraine, ng’ayamba okuzuula amawanga ga Afrika agasinga okwetaaga emmere ya Ukraine mu kiseera ky’olutalo lwa Russo-Ukrainian War.[78] Okuyita mu Joyce Banda Foundation Trust, yeeyongedde okukola ku by’okukuuma emmere n’okusomesa, nga mwemuli okugabira amaka 500 obusimba bwa kasooli abaakosebwa Cyclone Freddy mu January 2024[79] n’okutandika enteekateeka ya K315 million bursary scheme eri abawala abasoma mu masomero aga secondary mu 2024.[80] ==== Okwesimbawo ku bwa Pulezidenti mu 2025 ==== [[File:Joyce Banda 2025.jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2025]] Ku lunaku lwa 23 June 2025, People’s Party National Executive Committee yakkiriza Banda nga omukwasi w’ekibiina ku bwa Pulezidenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwa 2025. Bwe yalangirira okwesimbawo kwe e Lilongwe, yagamba nti “Malawi eri ku mugga ogw’okusalawo era yeetaaga okulaba empya ekwatiddwa ku kukola kw’abavubuka n’okutumbula abakyala mu by’enfuna.”[81] Okulonda kwe—kweyitibwa “A New Malawi for the Youth Initiatives (A.Ma.Y.I.)”—kulaga obusomesa bw’amasomero ga sekendule obutali bwa kusasula, ebifo by’obulamu eby’okusindikibwa, okukyusa mu by’obuli bw’enguzi n’okutumbula abavubuka mu by’obusuubuzi ng’ebikulu byakyo.[82] Yawangulwa Peter Mutharika. == Joyce Banda Foundation == Ng’akyali tannaba kufuuka omumyuka wa pulezidenti, yali mukulembeze era CEO w’ekitongole ekya Joyce Banda Foundation,[84] ekitongole ekirungi ekikola ku baana n’abafumbo abatalina bazadde mu Malawi okuyita mu masomero. Kiri mu Chimwankhunda area mu Blantyre nga kirimu amasomero ga primary ne secondary. Kirimu n’ekifo ky’okulabirira abaana abatalina bazadde ekirimu ebifo mukaaga n’abaana 600.[85] Era kikola ku byalo ebiriraanye nga kiwa micro-credit eri abakazi 40 n’ebibiina by’abavubuka 10. Kiwa ensigo eri abalimi abasukka mu 10,000 era kiwadde obuyambi obulala. Ekitongole kino kyazimba amalwaliro ana mu byalo 200 bye kisobola okukolako. Era kikola ku nkulaakulana mu byalo. Kirina obukwatagana ne Jack Brewer Foundation, ekitongole ekikola ku nkulaakulana mu nsi yonna ekya NFL star Jack Brewer.[86] == National Association of Business Women == Banda ye mukulembeze w’ekibiina kya National Association of Business Women mu Malawi ekyatandikibwa mu 1990. Kiri mu mateeka ng’ekitongole ekitali kya magoba mu Malawi.[87] Ekibiina kino kirina ekigendererwa okuggyamu abakazi obwavu nga bawanga amaanyi n’okubawa obusobozi mu by’enfuna.[88] Kino kye kibiina ky’abakazi 30,000, ekisanyusa okuwagira bizinensi z’abakazi n’okuyamba abakazi abayagala okwetaba mu bizinensi. Ebikolwa byabwe birimu okutendeka mu bizinensi, okutendeka mu tekinologiya, okukuuma ebyafaayo n’obukugu mu kukulembera.[88] Bakola okuteekateeka okukola emboozi n’abakulembeze abakola amateeka okulaba nga amateeka gabaagaliza abakazi abalina bizinensi.[89] Omukulembeze waakyo kati ye Mary Malunga.[89] Ekitongole kino kibadde n’obukwatagana ne Humanist Institute for Development Cooperation (Hivos) ey’e Netherlands okuva mu 2003.[88] == Philanthropy n’okukulaakulanya ebikolebwa == Banda abadde mu mirimu mingi egy’obusobozi n’abakyala okuva ku myaka 25 okulaba nga wabaawo enkyukakyuka mu mateeka, ddala mu by’enjigiriza. Yatandika Joyce Banda Foundation for Better Education. Yatandika Young Women Leaders Network, National Association of Business Women ne Hunger Project mu Malawi. Ye (nga ali wamu ne Pulezidenti Joaquim Chissano owa Mozambique) yaweebwa ekirabo kya Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger mu 1997 ekitongole ky’e New York ekitali kya gavumenti. Yakozesa ssente z’ekirabo okuzimba ekizimbe kya Joyce Banda foundation for children.[85] Mu 2006, yafuna ekirabo kya International Award for the Health and Dignity of Women olw’okweyisa obulungi ku ddembe ly’abakyala ba Malawi nga bwekikolebwa Americans for United Nations Population Fund.[17] Yaweereza nga commissioner wa "Bridging a World Divided" awamu n’abantu nga Bishop Desmond Tutu, ne United Nations Human Rights Commissioner, Mary Robinson.[8] Banda era yali memba mu Advisory Board for Education mu Washington DC, era mu advisory board ya Federation of World Peace and Love mu Taiwan (China).[8] a5bm1b59a7qzv8waz7q3e4im8c7odwy 75850 75849 2026-10-01T10:56:07Z MEvalyn 9841 75850 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.[1] Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.[2] == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == Joyce Hilda Ntila yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi). Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda. Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27]Ebibiina mu DPP Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu myaka egyasooka okutuuka ku bukulembeze bwa Banda, Malawi yali mu mbeera embi ey’ebyenfuna olw’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala mu bufuzi bwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Mu mwaka ogwasembayo ogw’obufuzi bwa Mutharika, Bungereza, Amerika, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank ne African Development Bank byonna byaleka okuwa obuyambi bw’ebyensimbi. Baalaga okutya ku bikolwa bya Mutharika ku demokulasiya mu ggwanga n’obukulembeze bwe obwali butandise okubaamu obutabanguko. Mu March 2012, Mutharika yagamba abakungu bano abava ebweru nti “mugende mu hell.” Yabalumiriza okutegeka okuggyawo gavumenti ye.[48] Ekimu ku bizibu bya Banda ng’omukulembeze kyali kuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi. Era yalina ekizibu eky’okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’eggwanga lye erya Malawi nga Mozambique, n’amawanga agali mu kitundu nga Botswana. Mu wiiki esooka ey’obufuzi bwe, Banda yatandika okukola enkolagana empya okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana ya Malawi n’amawanga amalala.[49] Yayogera ne Henry Bellingham ow’ekitongole kya United Kingdom’s Foreign Office. Yamusuubiza nti omubaka omupya owa Bungereza ajja kutumibwa “mu kiseera ekisinga obumpi.” Yayogera ne Secretary of State Hillary Clinton owa Amerika. Clinton yasubiza okuddamu okuteesa ku ssente za $350 million ez’amasannyalaze mu bwangu ddala. Banda yalangirira enteekateeka okwogera ne Baroness Ashton ow’ekitongole kya European Union’s Foreign Affairs office ne Ruby Randall, omukiise wa IMF mu Malawi. Ye ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Michael Sata baali bamaze okuteesa ku kuddamu okukola enkolagana ennungi.[49] Okusanyusa abawa obuyambi, gavumenti ya Banda era yagaana mu June 2012 okutegekera olukiiko lw’African Union mu July kubanga AU yali egambye nti pulezidenti wa Sudan Omar al-Bashir aweebwe obukakafu nti Malawi ejja kwegaana okuweereza ekiragiro kya ICC ekimukwata; Cabinet yasalawo nti embeera zino tezikkirizibwa.[50] Banda yayogerwako Forbes nga omukyala ow’amaanyi asinga obungi mu nsi, erinnya ly’omu Afrika erisinga obunene ku lukalala. === Enkola y'eggwanga === ===== Obubonero bw'eggwanga ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] Mu myezi ebiri nga bamaze okutandika okukulembera, gavumenti ya Banda yateekawo ekiragiro okuddamu okukozesa bendera ya Malawi eyasooka eya 1964 "rising-sun", ng’eggyako eyakozesebwa mu 2010 wansi wa Bingu wa Mutharika.[51][52] ===== Okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi (2010–2012).svg|thumb|Bbendera etamanyiddwa eya 2010–2012]] Ku 18 May 2012 Banda yalangirira nti agenda kuggyawo amateeka agalwanyisa obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka.[53] Mu November Minisitule y’ebyamateeka yawa ekiragiro eky’okwewala okukwatibwa ku bantu abakola obufumbo obwo nga balina okukkiriziganya, nga balindirira okwekeneenya kwa Palamenti,[54] naye Kkooti Enkulu yasazaamu ekiragiro ekyo mu February 2016, ng’egamba nti Palamenti yokka ye esobola okusazaamu oba okuggyawo amateeka gano.[55] Newankubadde obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka bukyali mu mateeka, okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu kwongedde; Lilongwe yakuba olugendo lw’abavubuka ba LGBT olwasooka mu Malawi nga 26 June 2021.[56] ===== Enkyukakyuka mu by’enfuna n’ensimbi ===== Mu kugoberera amagezi ga International Monetary Fund (IMF), Banda yateekawo enkola y’okukyusa omuwendo gw’ensimbi, era nga 7 May 2012, yakendeeza omuwendo gwa Malawian kwacha ku bitundu 33 ku buli kikumi okusinziira ku ddoola ya Amerika okusobola okuggyawo akatale akatono akaliwo n’okufunamu obuyambi okuva ebweru.[57] * Obuzibu obw’akaseera akatono: Okukendeeza omuwendo gw’ensimbi wamu n’okuteeka ebbeeyi y’amafuta mu mikono gy’abantu, kyaleetera okweyongera kw’ebbeeyi y’ebintu okutuuka ku bitundu 34 ku buli kikumi era ne kuleeta okwegugunga n’okulaga obutali bumativu mu January 2013.[58] * Okuddamu okuzimba mu kiseera ekya wakati: Ku nkomerero ya 2013, IMF yagamba nti “okuddamu okuzimba kutandise… nga kuyambibwa okwongera okufuna ensimbi eziva ebweru” era nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu yatandika okukka.[59] Ekibiina kya Southern African Development Community kyategeka nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu ejja kukendeera okutuuka ku bitundu 19.6 ku buli kikumi mu 2014 ng’omuwendo gw’ensimbi gukutte mu mbeera.[60] * Enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi: U.S. Congressional Research Service yalaga nti abawa obuyambi abasinga abaali basazizzaamu obuyambi bw’ensimbi mu kiseera kya Mutharika baabuzzaayo oluvannyuma lw’enkyukakyuka za Banda, nga mwemuli n’endagaano ya US $350-million eya Millennium Challenge Corporation.[61] Enkyukakyuka zino zaateekebwako mu pulogulaamu ya gavumenti ey’okuddamu okuzimba mu by’enfuna eya 2012–2014, eyateeka enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu katale wamu n’enteekateeka z’okukuuma abantu mu mbeera y’obulamu.[62] ===== Obukadde n’ekyuma kya pulezidenti ===== Okusala ku nsimbi ezikozesebwa mu gavumenti, Banda yasuubiza okukendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30 ku buli kikumi era n’alagira okutunda ekifaananyi kya Dassault Falcon 900EX ekyagulibwa eyamuddirira. Ekifaananyi kino kyatundibwa eri Bohnox Enterprise eyali esangibwa mu British Virgin Islands ku doola za Amerika obukadde 15 mu May 2013.[63] Abakungu ba gavumenti baagamba nti ensimbi zino zaakozesebwa okusasula ebbanja ly’okulwanyisa ne Paramount Group n’okusasula emmere ya kasooli n’eddagala, naye ebibiina by’abantu baawakanya enteekateeka eno era ne basaba ebikwata ku ndagaano.[64] Okutegeeza kwa Parliament’s Public Accounts Committee mu 2021 kwalaga okunoonyereza okuggya ku nsonga eno, newankubadde tewali misango gy’obumenyi bw’amateeka egisimbiddwa mu kkooti.[65] ===== Enkola y’abantu ===== Wadde nga enkola za Banda zaaleeta obwesige mu bawandiisi b’ensimbi n’okufuna ssente z’ebweru, zaaleetawo okulinnya kw’ebbeeyi y’obulamu mu maka agali mu bibuga, ne zikendeeza obuwanguzi bwe mu bantu ng’agenda okulonda kwa 2014. Abanoonyereza bakyalina okwawukanako ku mugaso ogw’ebbanga ddene ogw’okukendeeza ebbeeyi mu 2012, newankubadde IMF ne World Bank balaga nti enkola eno yayamba okuziyiza obuzibu bw’ebyenfuna n’okuteekawo omusingi gw’enkulaakulana empya.[66] ===== Enteekateeka za Pulezidenti ===== Banda alaze obumanyirivu mu kulabirira obulamu bw’abakyala n’eddembe ly’okuzaala, nga asinga okuyita mu kusomesa abakyala ku Malawi. Yalaga obuwagizi bwe ng’atandika Presidential Initiative on Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood. Mu myaka ebiri gyokka, enteekateeka eno yalaga okukendeera kw’omuwendo gw’abakyala abafa nga bazaala okuva ku 675 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa okutuuka ku 460 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa.[67] ===== Bendera ===== Oluvannyuma bendera yakyusibwa mu 2010 gavumenti ya Mutharika, waaliwo okuwakanya okuva mu bantu. Ebibiina bingi byawakanya obutuufu bwa bendera eno. Ku 28 May 2012, Banda yakulembera ababaka ba palamenti okusalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze, eyasooka okuteekebwako mu 1964. Ebibiina byonna, okuggyako DPP, byasalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze.[68] ==== Obulamu oluvannyuma lw’okuba pulezidenti ==== ===== Okuddayo okuva mu buwangwa n’okunoonyereza ku Cashgate (2018) ===== Banda yaddayo e Malawi nga 28 April 2018 oluvannyuma lw’emyaka esatu egy’okweyisa mu buwangwa mu Amerika, gyeyali mukwano omukulu mu Woodrow Wilson Center ne Center for Global Development.[69][70] Newankubadde poliisi yawa ekiragiro kya 2017 okumukwata olw’omusango gwa “Cashgate” ogw’omu 2013, Anti-Corruption Bureau yategeeza mu May 2018 nti okunoonyereza kwali kukyagenda mu maaso era nti Banda teyali akyaliiko musango gw’okusimbibwa mu kkooti.[71] ==== Enkolagana z’ebyokulonda mu 2019–2020 ==== People’s Party yasooka okuteekawo Banda ku kulonda kwa pulezidenti mu 2019, naye nga 15 March 2019 yavaamu n’awagira omuvuganya w’ekibiina ky’obufuzi Lazarus Chakwera.[72][73] Oluvannyuma lwa Kkooti Enkulu okusalawo okuggya ebivudde mu kulonda kwa 2019, Banda yawagira Chakwera mu kulonda okwaddirira mu June 2020 era n’amwebaza mu lujjudde oluvannyuma lw’okuwangula.[74] Mu kabineeti ya Chakwera eyasooka, eyalangirirwa nga 8 July 2020, mwali mutabani wa Banda, Roy Akajuwe Kachale-Banda, ng’omubaka w’ebyobusuubuzi.[75] ==== Okulwanirira n’okuyamba mu nsi yonna (2021–2024) ==== ===== Banda abadde akola ennyo ku nsonga z’ebyobulamu n’enkulaakulana mu nsi yonna. ===== * Mu May 2021 yayingira abakulembeze b’amawanga ne Nobel laureates mu bbaluwa ey’okusaba G7 okukkiriza obutali bw’ensimbi za COVID-19 vaccine era okuddamu okuwangula okulwanyisa AIDS.[76] * Ku 11 March 2023 yali omu ku bantu abasukka mu 200 abasayina People’s Vaccine Alliance “Never Again” statement nga basaba okufuna eby’okulwanyisa ebikwatagana n’obulwadde obw’amaanyi.[77] * Mu February 2023 Banda yafuuka omu ku “grain ambassadors” ba Ukraine, ng’ayamba okuzuula amawanga ga Afrika agasinga okwetaaga emmere ya Ukraine mu kiseera ky’olutalo lwa Russo-Ukrainian War.[78] Okuyita mu Joyce Banda Foundation Trust, yeeyongedde okukola ku by’okukuuma emmere n’okusomesa, nga mwemuli okugabira amaka 500 obusimba bwa kasooli abaakosebwa Cyclone Freddy mu January 2024[79] n’okutandika enteekateeka ya K315 million bursary scheme eri abawala abasoma mu masomero aga secondary mu 2024.[80] ==== Okwesimbawo ku bwa Pulezidenti mu 2025 ==== [[File:Joyce Banda 2025.jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2025]] Ku lunaku lwa 23 June 2025, People’s Party National Executive Committee yakkiriza Banda nga omukwasi w’ekibiina ku bwa Pulezidenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwa 2025. Bwe yalangirira okwesimbawo kwe e Lilongwe, yagamba nti “Malawi eri ku mugga ogw’okusalawo era yeetaaga okulaba empya ekwatiddwa ku kukola kw’abavubuka n’okutumbula abakyala mu by’enfuna.”[81] Okulonda kwe—kweyitibwa “A New Malawi for the Youth Initiatives (A.Ma.Y.I.)”—kulaga obusomesa bw’amasomero ga sekendule obutali bwa kusasula, ebifo by’obulamu eby’okusindikibwa, okukyusa mu by’obuli bw’enguzi n’okutumbula abavubuka mu by’obusuubuzi ng’ebikulu byakyo.[82] Yawangulwa Peter Mutharika. == Joyce Banda Foundation == Ng’akyali tannaba kufuuka omumyuka wa pulezidenti, yali mukulembeze era CEO w’ekitongole ekya Joyce Banda Foundation,[84] ekitongole ekirungi ekikola ku baana n’abafumbo abatalina bazadde mu Malawi okuyita mu masomero. Kiri mu Chimwankhunda area mu Blantyre nga kirimu amasomero ga primary ne secondary. Kirimu n’ekifo ky’okulabirira abaana abatalina bazadde ekirimu ebifo mukaaga n’abaana 600.[85] Era kikola ku byalo ebiriraanye nga kiwa micro-credit eri abakazi 40 n’ebibiina by’abavubuka 10. Kiwa ensigo eri abalimi abasukka mu 10,000 era kiwadde obuyambi obulala. Ekitongole kino kyazimba amalwaliro ana mu byalo 200 bye kisobola okukolako. Era kikola ku nkulaakulana mu byalo. Kirina obukwatagana ne Jack Brewer Foundation, ekitongole ekikola ku nkulaakulana mu nsi yonna ekya NFL star Jack Brewer.[86] == National Association of Business Women == Banda ye mukulembeze w’ekibiina kya National Association of Business Women mu Malawi ekyatandikibwa mu 1990. Kiri mu mateeka ng’ekitongole ekitali kya magoba mu Malawi.[87] Ekibiina kino kirina ekigendererwa okuggyamu abakazi obwavu nga bawanga amaanyi n’okubawa obusobozi mu by’enfuna.[88] Kino kye kibiina ky’abakazi 30,000, ekisanyusa okuwagira bizinensi z’abakazi n’okuyamba abakazi abayagala okwetaba mu bizinensi. Ebikolwa byabwe birimu okutendeka mu bizinensi, okutendeka mu tekinologiya, okukuuma ebyafaayo n’obukugu mu kukulembera.[88] Bakola okuteekateeka okukola emboozi n’abakulembeze abakola amateeka okulaba nga amateeka gabaagaliza abakazi abalina bizinensi.[89] Omukulembeze waakyo kati ye Mary Malunga.[89] Ekitongole kino kibadde n’obukwatagana ne Humanist Institute for Development Cooperation (Hivos) ey’e Netherlands okuva mu 2003.[88] == Philanthropy n’okukulaakulanya ebikolebwa == Banda abadde mu mirimu mingi egy’obusobozi n’abakyala okuva ku myaka 25 okulaba nga wabaawo enkyukakyuka mu mateeka, ddala mu by’enjigiriza. Yatandika Joyce Banda Foundation for Better Education. Yatandika Young Women Leaders Network, National Association of Business Women ne Hunger Project mu Malawi. Ye (nga ali wamu ne Pulezidenti Joaquim Chissano owa Mozambique) yaweebwa ekirabo kya Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger mu 1997 ekitongole ky’e New York ekitali kya gavumenti. Yakozesa ssente z’ekirabo okuzimba ekizimbe kya Joyce Banda foundation for children.[85] Mu 2006, yafuna ekirabo kya International Award for the Health and Dignity of Women olw’okweyisa obulungi ku ddembe ly’abakyala ba Malawi nga bwekikolebwa Americans for United Nations Population Fund.[17] Yaweereza nga commissioner wa "Bridging a World Divided" awamu n’abantu nga Bishop Desmond Tutu, ne United Nations Human Rights Commissioner, Mary Robinson.[8] Banda era yali memba mu Advisory Board for Education mu Washington DC, era mu advisory board ya Federation of World Peace and Love mu Taiwan (China).[8] Mu kiseera ky’okukendeeza ensimbi mu gavumenti mu October 2012, Banda yakendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30%. Era yalangirira nti ennyonyi ya pulezidenti egenda kutundibwa.[90] hvyk2t6iqas9hc1v2gp3yjhmgxc55v5 75851 75850 2026-10-01T10:57:09Z MEvalyn 9841 75851 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.[1] Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.[2] == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == Joyce Hilda Ntila yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi). Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda. Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27]Ebibiina mu DPP Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu myaka egyasooka okutuuka ku bukulembeze bwa Banda, Malawi yali mu mbeera embi ey’ebyenfuna olw’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala mu bufuzi bwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Mu mwaka ogwasembayo ogw’obufuzi bwa Mutharika, Bungereza, Amerika, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank ne African Development Bank byonna byaleka okuwa obuyambi bw’ebyensimbi. Baalaga okutya ku bikolwa bya Mutharika ku demokulasiya mu ggwanga n’obukulembeze bwe obwali butandise okubaamu obutabanguko. Mu March 2012, Mutharika yagamba abakungu bano abava ebweru nti “mugende mu hell.” Yabalumiriza okutegeka okuggyawo gavumenti ye.[48] Ekimu ku bizibu bya Banda ng’omukulembeze kyali kuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi. Era yalina ekizibu eky’okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’eggwanga lye erya Malawi nga Mozambique, n’amawanga agali mu kitundu nga Botswana. Mu wiiki esooka ey’obufuzi bwe, Banda yatandika okukola enkolagana empya okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana ya Malawi n’amawanga amalala.[49] Yayogera ne Henry Bellingham ow’ekitongole kya United Kingdom’s Foreign Office. Yamusuubiza nti omubaka omupya owa Bungereza ajja kutumibwa “mu kiseera ekisinga obumpi.” Yayogera ne Secretary of State Hillary Clinton owa Amerika. Clinton yasubiza okuddamu okuteesa ku ssente za $350 million ez’amasannyalaze mu bwangu ddala. Banda yalangirira enteekateeka okwogera ne Baroness Ashton ow’ekitongole kya European Union’s Foreign Affairs office ne Ruby Randall, omukiise wa IMF mu Malawi. Ye ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Michael Sata baali bamaze okuteesa ku kuddamu okukola enkolagana ennungi.[49] Okusanyusa abawa obuyambi, gavumenti ya Banda era yagaana mu June 2012 okutegekera olukiiko lw’African Union mu July kubanga AU yali egambye nti pulezidenti wa Sudan Omar al-Bashir aweebwe obukakafu nti Malawi ejja kwegaana okuweereza ekiragiro kya ICC ekimukwata; Cabinet yasalawo nti embeera zino tezikkirizibwa.[50] Banda yayogerwako Forbes nga omukyala ow’amaanyi asinga obungi mu nsi, erinnya ly’omu Afrika erisinga obunene ku lukalala. === Enkola y'eggwanga === ===== Obubonero bw'eggwanga ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] Mu myezi ebiri nga bamaze okutandika okukulembera, gavumenti ya Banda yateekawo ekiragiro okuddamu okukozesa bendera ya Malawi eyasooka eya 1964 "rising-sun", ng’eggyako eyakozesebwa mu 2010 wansi wa Bingu wa Mutharika.[51][52] ===== Okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi (2010–2012).svg|thumb|Bbendera etamanyiddwa eya 2010–2012]] Ku 18 May 2012 Banda yalangirira nti agenda kuggyawo amateeka agalwanyisa obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka.[53] Mu November Minisitule y’ebyamateeka yawa ekiragiro eky’okwewala okukwatibwa ku bantu abakola obufumbo obwo nga balina okukkiriziganya, nga balindirira okwekeneenya kwa Palamenti,[54] naye Kkooti Enkulu yasazaamu ekiragiro ekyo mu February 2016, ng’egamba nti Palamenti yokka ye esobola okusazaamu oba okuggyawo amateeka gano.[55] Newankubadde obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka bukyali mu mateeka, okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu kwongedde; Lilongwe yakuba olugendo lw’abavubuka ba LGBT olwasooka mu Malawi nga 26 June 2021.[56] ===== Enkyukakyuka mu by’enfuna n’ensimbi ===== Mu kugoberera amagezi ga International Monetary Fund (IMF), Banda yateekawo enkola y’okukyusa omuwendo gw’ensimbi, era nga 7 May 2012, yakendeeza omuwendo gwa Malawian kwacha ku bitundu 33 ku buli kikumi okusinziira ku ddoola ya Amerika okusobola okuggyawo akatale akatono akaliwo n’okufunamu obuyambi okuva ebweru.[57] * Obuzibu obw’akaseera akatono: Okukendeeza omuwendo gw’ensimbi wamu n’okuteeka ebbeeyi y’amafuta mu mikono gy’abantu, kyaleetera okweyongera kw’ebbeeyi y’ebintu okutuuka ku bitundu 34 ku buli kikumi era ne kuleeta okwegugunga n’okulaga obutali bumativu mu January 2013.[58] * Okuddamu okuzimba mu kiseera ekya wakati: Ku nkomerero ya 2013, IMF yagamba nti “okuddamu okuzimba kutandise… nga kuyambibwa okwongera okufuna ensimbi eziva ebweru” era nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu yatandika okukka.[59] Ekibiina kya Southern African Development Community kyategeka nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu ejja kukendeera okutuuka ku bitundu 19.6 ku buli kikumi mu 2014 ng’omuwendo gw’ensimbi gukutte mu mbeera.[60] * Enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi: U.S. Congressional Research Service yalaga nti abawa obuyambi abasinga abaali basazizzaamu obuyambi bw’ensimbi mu kiseera kya Mutharika baabuzzaayo oluvannyuma lw’enkyukakyuka za Banda, nga mwemuli n’endagaano ya US $350-million eya Millennium Challenge Corporation.[61] Enkyukakyuka zino zaateekebwako mu pulogulaamu ya gavumenti ey’okuddamu okuzimba mu by’enfuna eya 2012–2014, eyateeka enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu katale wamu n’enteekateeka z’okukuuma abantu mu mbeera y’obulamu.[62] ===== Obukadde n’ekyuma kya pulezidenti ===== Okusala ku nsimbi ezikozesebwa mu gavumenti, Banda yasuubiza okukendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30 ku buli kikumi era n’alagira okutunda ekifaananyi kya Dassault Falcon 900EX ekyagulibwa eyamuddirira. Ekifaananyi kino kyatundibwa eri Bohnox Enterprise eyali esangibwa mu British Virgin Islands ku doola za Amerika obukadde 15 mu May 2013.[63] Abakungu ba gavumenti baagamba nti ensimbi zino zaakozesebwa okusasula ebbanja ly’okulwanyisa ne Paramount Group n’okusasula emmere ya kasooli n’eddagala, naye ebibiina by’abantu baawakanya enteekateeka eno era ne basaba ebikwata ku ndagaano.[64] Okutegeeza kwa Parliament’s Public Accounts Committee mu 2021 kwalaga okunoonyereza okuggya ku nsonga eno, newankubadde tewali misango gy’obumenyi bw’amateeka egisimbiddwa mu kkooti.[65] ===== Enkola y’abantu ===== Wadde nga enkola za Banda zaaleeta obwesige mu bawandiisi b’ensimbi n’okufuna ssente z’ebweru, zaaleetawo okulinnya kw’ebbeeyi y’obulamu mu maka agali mu bibuga, ne zikendeeza obuwanguzi bwe mu bantu ng’agenda okulonda kwa 2014. Abanoonyereza bakyalina okwawukanako ku mugaso ogw’ebbanga ddene ogw’okukendeeza ebbeeyi mu 2012, newankubadde IMF ne World Bank balaga nti enkola eno yayamba okuziyiza obuzibu bw’ebyenfuna n’okuteekawo omusingi gw’enkulaakulana empya.[66] ===== Enteekateeka za Pulezidenti ===== Banda alaze obumanyirivu mu kulabirira obulamu bw’abakyala n’eddembe ly’okuzaala, nga asinga okuyita mu kusomesa abakyala ku Malawi. Yalaga obuwagizi bwe ng’atandika Presidential Initiative on Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood. Mu myaka ebiri gyokka, enteekateeka eno yalaga okukendeera kw’omuwendo gw’abakyala abafa nga bazaala okuva ku 675 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa okutuuka ku 460 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa.[67] ===== Bendera ===== Oluvannyuma bendera yakyusibwa mu 2010 gavumenti ya Mutharika, waaliwo okuwakanya okuva mu bantu. Ebibiina bingi byawakanya obutuufu bwa bendera eno. Ku 28 May 2012, Banda yakulembera ababaka ba palamenti okusalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze, eyasooka okuteekebwako mu 1964. Ebibiina byonna, okuggyako DPP, byasalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze.[68] ==== Obulamu oluvannyuma lw’okuba pulezidenti ==== ===== Okuddayo okuva mu buwangwa n’okunoonyereza ku Cashgate (2018) ===== Banda yaddayo e Malawi nga 28 April 2018 oluvannyuma lw’emyaka esatu egy’okweyisa mu buwangwa mu Amerika, gyeyali mukwano omukulu mu Woodrow Wilson Center ne Center for Global Development.[69][70] Newankubadde poliisi yawa ekiragiro kya 2017 okumukwata olw’omusango gwa “Cashgate” ogw’omu 2013, Anti-Corruption Bureau yategeeza mu May 2018 nti okunoonyereza kwali kukyagenda mu maaso era nti Banda teyali akyaliiko musango gw’okusimbibwa mu kkooti.[71] ==== Enkolagana z’ebyokulonda mu 2019–2020 ==== People’s Party yasooka okuteekawo Banda ku kulonda kwa pulezidenti mu 2019, naye nga 15 March 2019 yavaamu n’awagira omuvuganya w’ekibiina ky’obufuzi Lazarus Chakwera.[72][73] Oluvannyuma lwa Kkooti Enkulu okusalawo okuggya ebivudde mu kulonda kwa 2019, Banda yawagira Chakwera mu kulonda okwaddirira mu June 2020 era n’amwebaza mu lujjudde oluvannyuma lw’okuwangula.[74] Mu kabineeti ya Chakwera eyasooka, eyalangirirwa nga 8 July 2020, mwali mutabani wa Banda, Roy Akajuwe Kachale-Banda, ng’omubaka w’ebyobusuubuzi.[75] ==== Okulwanirira n’okuyamba mu nsi yonna (2021–2024) ==== ===== Banda abadde akola ennyo ku nsonga z’ebyobulamu n’enkulaakulana mu nsi yonna. ===== * Mu May 2021 yayingira abakulembeze b’amawanga ne Nobel laureates mu bbaluwa ey’okusaba G7 okukkiriza obutali bw’ensimbi za COVID-19 vaccine era okuddamu okuwangula okulwanyisa AIDS.[76] * Ku 11 March 2023 yali omu ku bantu abasukka mu 200 abasayina People’s Vaccine Alliance “Never Again” statement nga basaba okufuna eby’okulwanyisa ebikwatagana n’obulwadde obw’amaanyi.[77] * Mu February 2023 Banda yafuuka omu ku “grain ambassadors” ba Ukraine, ng’ayamba okuzuula amawanga ga Afrika agasinga okwetaaga emmere ya Ukraine mu kiseera ky’olutalo lwa Russo-Ukrainian War.[78] Okuyita mu Joyce Banda Foundation Trust, yeeyongedde okukola ku by’okukuuma emmere n’okusomesa, nga mwemuli okugabira amaka 500 obusimba bwa kasooli abaakosebwa Cyclone Freddy mu January 2024[79] n’okutandika enteekateeka ya K315 million bursary scheme eri abawala abasoma mu masomero aga secondary mu 2024.[80] ==== Okwesimbawo ku bwa Pulezidenti mu 2025 ==== [[File:Joyce Banda 2025.jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2025]] Ku lunaku lwa 23 June 2025, People’s Party National Executive Committee yakkiriza Banda nga omukwasi w’ekibiina ku bwa Pulezidenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwa 2025. Bwe yalangirira okwesimbawo kwe e Lilongwe, yagamba nti “Malawi eri ku mugga ogw’okusalawo era yeetaaga okulaba empya ekwatiddwa ku kukola kw’abavubuka n’okutumbula abakyala mu by’enfuna.”[81] Okulonda kwe—kweyitibwa “A New Malawi for the Youth Initiatives (A.Ma.Y.I.)”—kulaga obusomesa bw’amasomero ga sekendule obutali bwa kusasula, ebifo by’obulamu eby’okusindikibwa, okukyusa mu by’obuli bw’enguzi n’okutumbula abavubuka mu by’obusuubuzi ng’ebikulu byakyo.[82] Yawangulwa Peter Mutharika. == Joyce Banda Foundation == Ng’akyali tannaba kufuuka omumyuka wa pulezidenti, yali mukulembeze era CEO w’ekitongole ekya Joyce Banda Foundation,[84] ekitongole ekirungi ekikola ku baana n’abafumbo abatalina bazadde mu Malawi okuyita mu masomero. Kiri mu Chimwankhunda area mu Blantyre nga kirimu amasomero ga primary ne secondary. Kirimu n’ekifo ky’okulabirira abaana abatalina bazadde ekirimu ebifo mukaaga n’abaana 600.[85] Era kikola ku byalo ebiriraanye nga kiwa micro-credit eri abakazi 40 n’ebibiina by’abavubuka 10. Kiwa ensigo eri abalimi abasukka mu 10,000 era kiwadde obuyambi obulala. Ekitongole kino kyazimba amalwaliro ana mu byalo 200 bye kisobola okukolako. Era kikola ku nkulaakulana mu byalo. Kirina obukwatagana ne Jack Brewer Foundation, ekitongole ekikola ku nkulaakulana mu nsi yonna ekya NFL star Jack Brewer.[86] == National Association of Business Women == Banda ye mukulembeze w’ekibiina kya National Association of Business Women mu Malawi ekyatandikibwa mu 1990. Kiri mu mateeka ng’ekitongole ekitali kya magoba mu Malawi.[87] Ekibiina kino kirina ekigendererwa okuggyamu abakazi obwavu nga bawanga amaanyi n’okubawa obusobozi mu by’enfuna.[88] Kino kye kibiina ky’abakazi 30,000, ekisanyusa okuwagira bizinensi z’abakazi n’okuyamba abakazi abayagala okwetaba mu bizinensi. Ebikolwa byabwe birimu okutendeka mu bizinensi, okutendeka mu tekinologiya, okukuuma ebyafaayo n’obukugu mu kukulembera.[88] Bakola okuteekateeka okukola emboozi n’abakulembeze abakola amateeka okulaba nga amateeka gabaagaliza abakazi abalina bizinensi.[89] Omukulembeze waakyo kati ye Mary Malunga.[89] Ekitongole kino kibadde n’obukwatagana ne Humanist Institute for Development Cooperation (Hivos) ey’e Netherlands okuva mu 2003.[88] == Philanthropy n’okukulaakulanya ebikolebwa == Banda abadde mu mirimu mingi egy’obusobozi n’abakyala okuva ku myaka 25 okulaba nga wabaawo enkyukakyuka mu mateeka, ddala mu by’enjigiriza. Yatandika Joyce Banda Foundation for Better Education. Yatandika Young Women Leaders Network, National Association of Business Women ne Hunger Project mu Malawi. Ye (nga ali wamu ne Pulezidenti Joaquim Chissano owa Mozambique) yaweebwa ekirabo kya Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger mu 1997 ekitongole ky’e New York ekitali kya gavumenti. Yakozesa ssente z’ekirabo okuzimba ekizimbe kya Joyce Banda foundation for children.[85] Mu 2006, yafuna ekirabo kya International Award for the Health and Dignity of Women olw’okweyisa obulungi ku ddembe ly’abakyala ba Malawi nga bwekikolebwa Americans for United Nations Population Fund.[17] Yaweereza nga commissioner wa "Bridging a World Divided" awamu n’abantu nga Bishop Desmond Tutu, ne United Nations Human Rights Commissioner, Mary Robinson.[8] Banda era yali memba mu Advisory Board for Education mu Washington DC, era mu advisory board ya Federation of World Peace and Love mu Taiwan (China).[8] Mu kiseera ky’okukendeeza ensimbi mu gavumenti mu October 2012, Banda yakendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30%. Era yalangirira nti ennyonyi ya pulezidenti egenda kutundibwa.[90] ==== Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health ==== Mu 2010, Banda yafuuka memba wa Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health,[91] ekibiina ky’abantu kkumi na mukaaga abali mu buyinza n’abakulembeze b’amawanga agasooka, abakozi abakulu n’abalala abakkiriza okutumbula eby’obulamu bw’okuzalira okutuusa ku nkulaakulana ey’olubeerera n’obugagga.[91] Ekikulemberwa omukulembeze w’eggwanga lya Ireland Mary Robinson, abakulembeze bano balaba okukungaanya obuyinza bw’ebyobufuzi n’ensimbi ezetaagisa okufuna obulamu bw’okuzalira eri buli muntu mu 2015 – ekigendererwa ekikulu mu UN Millennium Development Goals.[91] Ebirabo by’eggwanga egfq6ecenkfo8fmx197id4dhsx80xbo 75852 75851 2026-10-01T10:57:42Z MEvalyn 9841 75852 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.[1] Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.[2] == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == Joyce Hilda Ntila yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi). Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda. Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27]Ebibiina mu DPP Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu myaka egyasooka okutuuka ku bukulembeze bwa Banda, Malawi yali mu mbeera embi ey’ebyenfuna olw’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala mu bufuzi bwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Mu mwaka ogwasembayo ogw’obufuzi bwa Mutharika, Bungereza, Amerika, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank ne African Development Bank byonna byaleka okuwa obuyambi bw’ebyensimbi. Baalaga okutya ku bikolwa bya Mutharika ku demokulasiya mu ggwanga n’obukulembeze bwe obwali butandise okubaamu obutabanguko. Mu March 2012, Mutharika yagamba abakungu bano abava ebweru nti “mugende mu hell.” Yabalumiriza okutegeka okuggyawo gavumenti ye.[48] Ekimu ku bizibu bya Banda ng’omukulembeze kyali kuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi. Era yalina ekizibu eky’okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’eggwanga lye erya Malawi nga Mozambique, n’amawanga agali mu kitundu nga Botswana. Mu wiiki esooka ey’obufuzi bwe, Banda yatandika okukola enkolagana empya okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana ya Malawi n’amawanga amalala.[49] Yayogera ne Henry Bellingham ow’ekitongole kya United Kingdom’s Foreign Office. Yamusuubiza nti omubaka omupya owa Bungereza ajja kutumibwa “mu kiseera ekisinga obumpi.” Yayogera ne Secretary of State Hillary Clinton owa Amerika. Clinton yasubiza okuddamu okuteesa ku ssente za $350 million ez’amasannyalaze mu bwangu ddala. Banda yalangirira enteekateeka okwogera ne Baroness Ashton ow’ekitongole kya European Union’s Foreign Affairs office ne Ruby Randall, omukiise wa IMF mu Malawi. Ye ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Michael Sata baali bamaze okuteesa ku kuddamu okukola enkolagana ennungi.[49] Okusanyusa abawa obuyambi, gavumenti ya Banda era yagaana mu June 2012 okutegekera olukiiko lw’African Union mu July kubanga AU yali egambye nti pulezidenti wa Sudan Omar al-Bashir aweebwe obukakafu nti Malawi ejja kwegaana okuweereza ekiragiro kya ICC ekimukwata; Cabinet yasalawo nti embeera zino tezikkirizibwa.[50] Banda yayogerwako Forbes nga omukyala ow’amaanyi asinga obungi mu nsi, erinnya ly’omu Afrika erisinga obunene ku lukalala. === Enkola y'eggwanga === ===== Obubonero bw'eggwanga ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] Mu myezi ebiri nga bamaze okutandika okukulembera, gavumenti ya Banda yateekawo ekiragiro okuddamu okukozesa bendera ya Malawi eyasooka eya 1964 "rising-sun", ng’eggyako eyakozesebwa mu 2010 wansi wa Bingu wa Mutharika.[51][52] ===== Okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi (2010–2012).svg|thumb|Bbendera etamanyiddwa eya 2010–2012]] Ku 18 May 2012 Banda yalangirira nti agenda kuggyawo amateeka agalwanyisa obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka.[53] Mu November Minisitule y’ebyamateeka yawa ekiragiro eky’okwewala okukwatibwa ku bantu abakola obufumbo obwo nga balina okukkiriziganya, nga balindirira okwekeneenya kwa Palamenti,[54] naye Kkooti Enkulu yasazaamu ekiragiro ekyo mu February 2016, ng’egamba nti Palamenti yokka ye esobola okusazaamu oba okuggyawo amateeka gano.[55] Newankubadde obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka bukyali mu mateeka, okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu kwongedde; Lilongwe yakuba olugendo lw’abavubuka ba LGBT olwasooka mu Malawi nga 26 June 2021.[56] ===== Enkyukakyuka mu by’enfuna n’ensimbi ===== Mu kugoberera amagezi ga International Monetary Fund (IMF), Banda yateekawo enkola y’okukyusa omuwendo gw’ensimbi, era nga 7 May 2012, yakendeeza omuwendo gwa Malawian kwacha ku bitundu 33 ku buli kikumi okusinziira ku ddoola ya Amerika okusobola okuggyawo akatale akatono akaliwo n’okufunamu obuyambi okuva ebweru.[57] * Obuzibu obw’akaseera akatono: Okukendeeza omuwendo gw’ensimbi wamu n’okuteeka ebbeeyi y’amafuta mu mikono gy’abantu, kyaleetera okweyongera kw’ebbeeyi y’ebintu okutuuka ku bitundu 34 ku buli kikumi era ne kuleeta okwegugunga n’okulaga obutali bumativu mu January 2013.[58] * Okuddamu okuzimba mu kiseera ekya wakati: Ku nkomerero ya 2013, IMF yagamba nti “okuddamu okuzimba kutandise… nga kuyambibwa okwongera okufuna ensimbi eziva ebweru” era nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu yatandika okukka.[59] Ekibiina kya Southern African Development Community kyategeka nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu ejja kukendeera okutuuka ku bitundu 19.6 ku buli kikumi mu 2014 ng’omuwendo gw’ensimbi gukutte mu mbeera.[60] * Enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi: U.S. Congressional Research Service yalaga nti abawa obuyambi abasinga abaali basazizzaamu obuyambi bw’ensimbi mu kiseera kya Mutharika baabuzzaayo oluvannyuma lw’enkyukakyuka za Banda, nga mwemuli n’endagaano ya US $350-million eya Millennium Challenge Corporation.[61] Enkyukakyuka zino zaateekebwako mu pulogulaamu ya gavumenti ey’okuddamu okuzimba mu by’enfuna eya 2012–2014, eyateeka enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu katale wamu n’enteekateeka z’okukuuma abantu mu mbeera y’obulamu.[62] ===== Obukadde n’ekyuma kya pulezidenti ===== Okusala ku nsimbi ezikozesebwa mu gavumenti, Banda yasuubiza okukendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30 ku buli kikumi era n’alagira okutunda ekifaananyi kya Dassault Falcon 900EX ekyagulibwa eyamuddirira. Ekifaananyi kino kyatundibwa eri Bohnox Enterprise eyali esangibwa mu British Virgin Islands ku doola za Amerika obukadde 15 mu May 2013.[63] Abakungu ba gavumenti baagamba nti ensimbi zino zaakozesebwa okusasula ebbanja ly’okulwanyisa ne Paramount Group n’okusasula emmere ya kasooli n’eddagala, naye ebibiina by’abantu baawakanya enteekateeka eno era ne basaba ebikwata ku ndagaano.[64] Okutegeeza kwa Parliament’s Public Accounts Committee mu 2021 kwalaga okunoonyereza okuggya ku nsonga eno, newankubadde tewali misango gy’obumenyi bw’amateeka egisimbiddwa mu kkooti.[65] ===== Enkola y’abantu ===== Wadde nga enkola za Banda zaaleeta obwesige mu bawandiisi b’ensimbi n’okufuna ssente z’ebweru, zaaleetawo okulinnya kw’ebbeeyi y’obulamu mu maka agali mu bibuga, ne zikendeeza obuwanguzi bwe mu bantu ng’agenda okulonda kwa 2014. Abanoonyereza bakyalina okwawukanako ku mugaso ogw’ebbanga ddene ogw’okukendeeza ebbeeyi mu 2012, newankubadde IMF ne World Bank balaga nti enkola eno yayamba okuziyiza obuzibu bw’ebyenfuna n’okuteekawo omusingi gw’enkulaakulana empya.[66] ===== Enteekateeka za Pulezidenti ===== Banda alaze obumanyirivu mu kulabirira obulamu bw’abakyala n’eddembe ly’okuzaala, nga asinga okuyita mu kusomesa abakyala ku Malawi. Yalaga obuwagizi bwe ng’atandika Presidential Initiative on Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood. Mu myaka ebiri gyokka, enteekateeka eno yalaga okukendeera kw’omuwendo gw’abakyala abafa nga bazaala okuva ku 675 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa okutuuka ku 460 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa.[67] ===== Bendera ===== Oluvannyuma bendera yakyusibwa mu 2010 gavumenti ya Mutharika, waaliwo okuwakanya okuva mu bantu. Ebibiina bingi byawakanya obutuufu bwa bendera eno. Ku 28 May 2012, Banda yakulembera ababaka ba palamenti okusalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze, eyasooka okuteekebwako mu 1964. Ebibiina byonna, okuggyako DPP, byasalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze.[68] ==== Obulamu oluvannyuma lw’okuba pulezidenti ==== ===== Okuddayo okuva mu buwangwa n’okunoonyereza ku Cashgate (2018) ===== Banda yaddayo e Malawi nga 28 April 2018 oluvannyuma lw’emyaka esatu egy’okweyisa mu buwangwa mu Amerika, gyeyali mukwano omukulu mu Woodrow Wilson Center ne Center for Global Development.[69][70] Newankubadde poliisi yawa ekiragiro kya 2017 okumukwata olw’omusango gwa “Cashgate” ogw’omu 2013, Anti-Corruption Bureau yategeeza mu May 2018 nti okunoonyereza kwali kukyagenda mu maaso era nti Banda teyali akyaliiko musango gw’okusimbibwa mu kkooti.[71] ==== Enkolagana z’ebyokulonda mu 2019–2020 ==== People’s Party yasooka okuteekawo Banda ku kulonda kwa pulezidenti mu 2019, naye nga 15 March 2019 yavaamu n’awagira omuvuganya w’ekibiina ky’obufuzi Lazarus Chakwera.[72][73] Oluvannyuma lwa Kkooti Enkulu okusalawo okuggya ebivudde mu kulonda kwa 2019, Banda yawagira Chakwera mu kulonda okwaddirira mu June 2020 era n’amwebaza mu lujjudde oluvannyuma lw’okuwangula.[74] Mu kabineeti ya Chakwera eyasooka, eyalangirirwa nga 8 July 2020, mwali mutabani wa Banda, Roy Akajuwe Kachale-Banda, ng’omubaka w’ebyobusuubuzi.[75] ==== Okulwanirira n’okuyamba mu nsi yonna (2021–2024) ==== ===== Banda abadde akola ennyo ku nsonga z’ebyobulamu n’enkulaakulana mu nsi yonna. ===== * Mu May 2021 yayingira abakulembeze b’amawanga ne Nobel laureates mu bbaluwa ey’okusaba G7 okukkiriza obutali bw’ensimbi za COVID-19 vaccine era okuddamu okuwangula okulwanyisa AIDS.[76] * Ku 11 March 2023 yali omu ku bantu abasukka mu 200 abasayina People’s Vaccine Alliance “Never Again” statement nga basaba okufuna eby’okulwanyisa ebikwatagana n’obulwadde obw’amaanyi.[77] * Mu February 2023 Banda yafuuka omu ku “grain ambassadors” ba Ukraine, ng’ayamba okuzuula amawanga ga Afrika agasinga okwetaaga emmere ya Ukraine mu kiseera ky’olutalo lwa Russo-Ukrainian War.[78] Okuyita mu Joyce Banda Foundation Trust, yeeyongedde okukola ku by’okukuuma emmere n’okusomesa, nga mwemuli okugabira amaka 500 obusimba bwa kasooli abaakosebwa Cyclone Freddy mu January 2024[79] n’okutandika enteekateeka ya K315 million bursary scheme eri abawala abasoma mu masomero aga secondary mu 2024.[80] ==== Okwesimbawo ku bwa Pulezidenti mu 2025 ==== [[File:Joyce Banda 2025.jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2025]] Ku lunaku lwa 23 June 2025, People’s Party National Executive Committee yakkiriza Banda nga omukwasi w’ekibiina ku bwa Pulezidenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwa 2025. Bwe yalangirira okwesimbawo kwe e Lilongwe, yagamba nti “Malawi eri ku mugga ogw’okusalawo era yeetaaga okulaba empya ekwatiddwa ku kukola kw’abavubuka n’okutumbula abakyala mu by’enfuna.”[81] Okulonda kwe—kweyitibwa “A New Malawi for the Youth Initiatives (A.Ma.Y.I.)”—kulaga obusomesa bw’amasomero ga sekendule obutali bwa kusasula, ebifo by’obulamu eby’okusindikibwa, okukyusa mu by’obuli bw’enguzi n’okutumbula abavubuka mu by’obusuubuzi ng’ebikulu byakyo.[82] Yawangulwa Peter Mutharika. == Joyce Banda Foundation == Ng’akyali tannaba kufuuka omumyuka wa pulezidenti, yali mukulembeze era CEO w’ekitongole ekya Joyce Banda Foundation,[84] ekitongole ekirungi ekikola ku baana n’abafumbo abatalina bazadde mu Malawi okuyita mu masomero. Kiri mu Chimwankhunda area mu Blantyre nga kirimu amasomero ga primary ne secondary. Kirimu n’ekifo ky’okulabirira abaana abatalina bazadde ekirimu ebifo mukaaga n’abaana 600.[85] Era kikola ku byalo ebiriraanye nga kiwa micro-credit eri abakazi 40 n’ebibiina by’abavubuka 10. Kiwa ensigo eri abalimi abasukka mu 10,000 era kiwadde obuyambi obulala. Ekitongole kino kyazimba amalwaliro ana mu byalo 200 bye kisobola okukolako. Era kikola ku nkulaakulana mu byalo. Kirina obukwatagana ne Jack Brewer Foundation, ekitongole ekikola ku nkulaakulana mu nsi yonna ekya NFL star Jack Brewer.[86] == National Association of Business Women == Banda ye mukulembeze w’ekibiina kya National Association of Business Women mu Malawi ekyatandikibwa mu 1990. Kiri mu mateeka ng’ekitongole ekitali kya magoba mu Malawi.[87] Ekibiina kino kirina ekigendererwa okuggyamu abakazi obwavu nga bawanga amaanyi n’okubawa obusobozi mu by’enfuna.[88] Kino kye kibiina ky’abakazi 30,000, ekisanyusa okuwagira bizinensi z’abakazi n’okuyamba abakazi abayagala okwetaba mu bizinensi. Ebikolwa byabwe birimu okutendeka mu bizinensi, okutendeka mu tekinologiya, okukuuma ebyafaayo n’obukugu mu kukulembera.[88] Bakola okuteekateeka okukola emboozi n’abakulembeze abakola amateeka okulaba nga amateeka gabaagaliza abakazi abalina bizinensi.[89] Omukulembeze waakyo kati ye Mary Malunga.[89] Ekitongole kino kibadde n’obukwatagana ne Humanist Institute for Development Cooperation (Hivos) ey’e Netherlands okuva mu 2003.[88] == Philanthropy n’okukulaakulanya ebikolebwa == Banda abadde mu mirimu mingi egy’obusobozi n’abakyala okuva ku myaka 25 okulaba nga wabaawo enkyukakyuka mu mateeka, ddala mu by’enjigiriza. Yatandika Joyce Banda Foundation for Better Education. Yatandika Young Women Leaders Network, National Association of Business Women ne Hunger Project mu Malawi. Ye (nga ali wamu ne Pulezidenti Joaquim Chissano owa Mozambique) yaweebwa ekirabo kya Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger mu 1997 ekitongole ky’e New York ekitali kya gavumenti. Yakozesa ssente z’ekirabo okuzimba ekizimbe kya Joyce Banda foundation for children.[85] Mu 2006, yafuna ekirabo kya International Award for the Health and Dignity of Women olw’okweyisa obulungi ku ddembe ly’abakyala ba Malawi nga bwekikolebwa Americans for United Nations Population Fund.[17] Yaweereza nga commissioner wa "Bridging a World Divided" awamu n’abantu nga Bishop Desmond Tutu, ne United Nations Human Rights Commissioner, Mary Robinson.[8] Banda era yali memba mu Advisory Board for Education mu Washington DC, era mu advisory board ya Federation of World Peace and Love mu Taiwan (China).[8] Mu kiseera ky’okukendeeza ensimbi mu gavumenti mu October 2012, Banda yakendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30%. Era yalangirira nti ennyonyi ya pulezidenti egenda kutundibwa.[90] ==== Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health ==== Mu 2010, Banda yafuuka memba wa Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health,[91] ekibiina ky’abantu kkumi na mukaaga abali mu buyinza n’abakulembeze b’amawanga agasooka, abakozi abakulu n’abalala abakkiriza okutumbula eby’obulamu bw’okuzalira okutuusa ku nkulaakulana ey’olubeerera n’obugagga.[91] Ekikulemberwa omukulembeze w’eggwanga lya Ireland Mary Robinson, abakulembeze bano balaba okukungaanya obuyinza bw’ebyobufuzi n’ensimbi ezetaagisa okufuna obulamu bw’okuzalira eri buli muntu mu 2015 – ekigendererwa ekikulu mu UN Millennium Development Goals.[91] ==== Ebirabo ==== ===== Awaadi z'eggwanga ===== ifuxup3wg227bwhjn0tiv580yjl4c8w 75853 75852 2026-10-01T10:58:27Z MEvalyn 9841 75853 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.[1] Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.[2] == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == Joyce Hilda Ntila yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi). Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda. Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27]Ebibiina mu DPP Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu myaka egyasooka okutuuka ku bukulembeze bwa Banda, Malawi yali mu mbeera embi ey’ebyenfuna olw’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala mu bufuzi bwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Mu mwaka ogwasembayo ogw’obufuzi bwa Mutharika, Bungereza, Amerika, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank ne African Development Bank byonna byaleka okuwa obuyambi bw’ebyensimbi. Baalaga okutya ku bikolwa bya Mutharika ku demokulasiya mu ggwanga n’obukulembeze bwe obwali butandise okubaamu obutabanguko. Mu March 2012, Mutharika yagamba abakungu bano abava ebweru nti “mugende mu hell.” Yabalumiriza okutegeka okuggyawo gavumenti ye.[48] Ekimu ku bizibu bya Banda ng’omukulembeze kyali kuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi. Era yalina ekizibu eky’okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’eggwanga lye erya Malawi nga Mozambique, n’amawanga agali mu kitundu nga Botswana. Mu wiiki esooka ey’obufuzi bwe, Banda yatandika okukola enkolagana empya okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana ya Malawi n’amawanga amalala.[49] Yayogera ne Henry Bellingham ow’ekitongole kya United Kingdom’s Foreign Office. Yamusuubiza nti omubaka omupya owa Bungereza ajja kutumibwa “mu kiseera ekisinga obumpi.” Yayogera ne Secretary of State Hillary Clinton owa Amerika. Clinton yasubiza okuddamu okuteesa ku ssente za $350 million ez’amasannyalaze mu bwangu ddala. Banda yalangirira enteekateeka okwogera ne Baroness Ashton ow’ekitongole kya European Union’s Foreign Affairs office ne Ruby Randall, omukiise wa IMF mu Malawi. Ye ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Michael Sata baali bamaze okuteesa ku kuddamu okukola enkolagana ennungi.[49] Okusanyusa abawa obuyambi, gavumenti ya Banda era yagaana mu June 2012 okutegekera olukiiko lw’African Union mu July kubanga AU yali egambye nti pulezidenti wa Sudan Omar al-Bashir aweebwe obukakafu nti Malawi ejja kwegaana okuweereza ekiragiro kya ICC ekimukwata; Cabinet yasalawo nti embeera zino tezikkirizibwa.[50] Banda yayogerwako Forbes nga omukyala ow’amaanyi asinga obungi mu nsi, erinnya ly’omu Afrika erisinga obunene ku lukalala. === Enkola y'eggwanga === ===== Obubonero bw'eggwanga ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] Mu myezi ebiri nga bamaze okutandika okukulembera, gavumenti ya Banda yateekawo ekiragiro okuddamu okukozesa bendera ya Malawi eyasooka eya 1964 "rising-sun", ng’eggyako eyakozesebwa mu 2010 wansi wa Bingu wa Mutharika.[51][52] ===== Okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi (2010–2012).svg|thumb|Bbendera etamanyiddwa eya 2010–2012]] Ku 18 May 2012 Banda yalangirira nti agenda kuggyawo amateeka agalwanyisa obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka.[53] Mu November Minisitule y’ebyamateeka yawa ekiragiro eky’okwewala okukwatibwa ku bantu abakola obufumbo obwo nga balina okukkiriziganya, nga balindirira okwekeneenya kwa Palamenti,[54] naye Kkooti Enkulu yasazaamu ekiragiro ekyo mu February 2016, ng’egamba nti Palamenti yokka ye esobola okusazaamu oba okuggyawo amateeka gano.[55] Newankubadde obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka bukyali mu mateeka, okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu kwongedde; Lilongwe yakuba olugendo lw’abavubuka ba LGBT olwasooka mu Malawi nga 26 June 2021.[56] ===== Enkyukakyuka mu by’enfuna n’ensimbi ===== Mu kugoberera amagezi ga International Monetary Fund (IMF), Banda yateekawo enkola y’okukyusa omuwendo gw’ensimbi, era nga 7 May 2012, yakendeeza omuwendo gwa Malawian kwacha ku bitundu 33 ku buli kikumi okusinziira ku ddoola ya Amerika okusobola okuggyawo akatale akatono akaliwo n’okufunamu obuyambi okuva ebweru.[57] * Obuzibu obw’akaseera akatono: Okukendeeza omuwendo gw’ensimbi wamu n’okuteeka ebbeeyi y’amafuta mu mikono gy’abantu, kyaleetera okweyongera kw’ebbeeyi y’ebintu okutuuka ku bitundu 34 ku buli kikumi era ne kuleeta okwegugunga n’okulaga obutali bumativu mu January 2013.[58] * Okuddamu okuzimba mu kiseera ekya wakati: Ku nkomerero ya 2013, IMF yagamba nti “okuddamu okuzimba kutandise… nga kuyambibwa okwongera okufuna ensimbi eziva ebweru” era nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu yatandika okukka.[59] Ekibiina kya Southern African Development Community kyategeka nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu ejja kukendeera okutuuka ku bitundu 19.6 ku buli kikumi mu 2014 ng’omuwendo gw’ensimbi gukutte mu mbeera.[60] * Enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi: U.S. Congressional Research Service yalaga nti abawa obuyambi abasinga abaali basazizzaamu obuyambi bw’ensimbi mu kiseera kya Mutharika baabuzzaayo oluvannyuma lw’enkyukakyuka za Banda, nga mwemuli n’endagaano ya US $350-million eya Millennium Challenge Corporation.[61] Enkyukakyuka zino zaateekebwako mu pulogulaamu ya gavumenti ey’okuddamu okuzimba mu by’enfuna eya 2012–2014, eyateeka enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu katale wamu n’enteekateeka z’okukuuma abantu mu mbeera y’obulamu.[62] ===== Obukadde n’ekyuma kya pulezidenti ===== Okusala ku nsimbi ezikozesebwa mu gavumenti, Banda yasuubiza okukendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30 ku buli kikumi era n’alagira okutunda ekifaananyi kya Dassault Falcon 900EX ekyagulibwa eyamuddirira. Ekifaananyi kino kyatundibwa eri Bohnox Enterprise eyali esangibwa mu British Virgin Islands ku doola za Amerika obukadde 15 mu May 2013.[63] Abakungu ba gavumenti baagamba nti ensimbi zino zaakozesebwa okusasula ebbanja ly’okulwanyisa ne Paramount Group n’okusasula emmere ya kasooli n’eddagala, naye ebibiina by’abantu baawakanya enteekateeka eno era ne basaba ebikwata ku ndagaano.[64] Okutegeeza kwa Parliament’s Public Accounts Committee mu 2021 kwalaga okunoonyereza okuggya ku nsonga eno, newankubadde tewali misango gy’obumenyi bw’amateeka egisimbiddwa mu kkooti.[65] ===== Enkola y’abantu ===== Wadde nga enkola za Banda zaaleeta obwesige mu bawandiisi b’ensimbi n’okufuna ssente z’ebweru, zaaleetawo okulinnya kw’ebbeeyi y’obulamu mu maka agali mu bibuga, ne zikendeeza obuwanguzi bwe mu bantu ng’agenda okulonda kwa 2014. Abanoonyereza bakyalina okwawukanako ku mugaso ogw’ebbanga ddene ogw’okukendeeza ebbeeyi mu 2012, newankubadde IMF ne World Bank balaga nti enkola eno yayamba okuziyiza obuzibu bw’ebyenfuna n’okuteekawo omusingi gw’enkulaakulana empya.[66] ===== Enteekateeka za Pulezidenti ===== Banda alaze obumanyirivu mu kulabirira obulamu bw’abakyala n’eddembe ly’okuzaala, nga asinga okuyita mu kusomesa abakyala ku Malawi. Yalaga obuwagizi bwe ng’atandika Presidential Initiative on Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood. Mu myaka ebiri gyokka, enteekateeka eno yalaga okukendeera kw’omuwendo gw’abakyala abafa nga bazaala okuva ku 675 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa okutuuka ku 460 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa.[67] ===== Bendera ===== Oluvannyuma bendera yakyusibwa mu 2010 gavumenti ya Mutharika, waaliwo okuwakanya okuva mu bantu. Ebibiina bingi byawakanya obutuufu bwa bendera eno. Ku 28 May 2012, Banda yakulembera ababaka ba palamenti okusalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze, eyasooka okuteekebwako mu 1964. Ebibiina byonna, okuggyako DPP, byasalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze.[68] ==== Obulamu oluvannyuma lw’okuba pulezidenti ==== ===== Okuddayo okuva mu buwangwa n’okunoonyereza ku Cashgate (2018) ===== Banda yaddayo e Malawi nga 28 April 2018 oluvannyuma lw’emyaka esatu egy’okweyisa mu buwangwa mu Amerika, gyeyali mukwano omukulu mu Woodrow Wilson Center ne Center for Global Development.[69][70] Newankubadde poliisi yawa ekiragiro kya 2017 okumukwata olw’omusango gwa “Cashgate” ogw’omu 2013, Anti-Corruption Bureau yategeeza mu May 2018 nti okunoonyereza kwali kukyagenda mu maaso era nti Banda teyali akyaliiko musango gw’okusimbibwa mu kkooti.[71] ==== Enkolagana z’ebyokulonda mu 2019–2020 ==== People’s Party yasooka okuteekawo Banda ku kulonda kwa pulezidenti mu 2019, naye nga 15 March 2019 yavaamu n’awagira omuvuganya w’ekibiina ky’obufuzi Lazarus Chakwera.[72][73] Oluvannyuma lwa Kkooti Enkulu okusalawo okuggya ebivudde mu kulonda kwa 2019, Banda yawagira Chakwera mu kulonda okwaddirira mu June 2020 era n’amwebaza mu lujjudde oluvannyuma lw’okuwangula.[74] Mu kabineeti ya Chakwera eyasooka, eyalangirirwa nga 8 July 2020, mwali mutabani wa Banda, Roy Akajuwe Kachale-Banda, ng’omubaka w’ebyobusuubuzi.[75] ==== Okulwanirira n’okuyamba mu nsi yonna (2021–2024) ==== ===== Banda abadde akola ennyo ku nsonga z’ebyobulamu n’enkulaakulana mu nsi yonna. ===== * Mu May 2021 yayingira abakulembeze b’amawanga ne Nobel laureates mu bbaluwa ey’okusaba G7 okukkiriza obutali bw’ensimbi za COVID-19 vaccine era okuddamu okuwangula okulwanyisa AIDS.[76] * Ku 11 March 2023 yali omu ku bantu abasukka mu 200 abasayina People’s Vaccine Alliance “Never Again” statement nga basaba okufuna eby’okulwanyisa ebikwatagana n’obulwadde obw’amaanyi.[77] * Mu February 2023 Banda yafuuka omu ku “grain ambassadors” ba Ukraine, ng’ayamba okuzuula amawanga ga Afrika agasinga okwetaaga emmere ya Ukraine mu kiseera ky’olutalo lwa Russo-Ukrainian War.[78] Okuyita mu Joyce Banda Foundation Trust, yeeyongedde okukola ku by’okukuuma emmere n’okusomesa, nga mwemuli okugabira amaka 500 obusimba bwa kasooli abaakosebwa Cyclone Freddy mu January 2024[79] n’okutandika enteekateeka ya K315 million bursary scheme eri abawala abasoma mu masomero aga secondary mu 2024.[80] ==== Okwesimbawo ku bwa Pulezidenti mu 2025 ==== [[File:Joyce Banda 2025.jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2025]] Ku lunaku lwa 23 June 2025, People’s Party National Executive Committee yakkiriza Banda nga omukwasi w’ekibiina ku bwa Pulezidenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwa 2025. Bwe yalangirira okwesimbawo kwe e Lilongwe, yagamba nti “Malawi eri ku mugga ogw’okusalawo era yeetaaga okulaba empya ekwatiddwa ku kukola kw’abavubuka n’okutumbula abakyala mu by’enfuna.”[81] Okulonda kwe—kweyitibwa “A New Malawi for the Youth Initiatives (A.Ma.Y.I.)”—kulaga obusomesa bw’amasomero ga sekendule obutali bwa kusasula, ebifo by’obulamu eby’okusindikibwa, okukyusa mu by’obuli bw’enguzi n’okutumbula abavubuka mu by’obusuubuzi ng’ebikulu byakyo.[82] Yawangulwa Peter Mutharika. == Joyce Banda Foundation == Ng’akyali tannaba kufuuka omumyuka wa pulezidenti, yali mukulembeze era CEO w’ekitongole ekya Joyce Banda Foundation,[84] ekitongole ekirungi ekikola ku baana n’abafumbo abatalina bazadde mu Malawi okuyita mu masomero. Kiri mu Chimwankhunda area mu Blantyre nga kirimu amasomero ga primary ne secondary. Kirimu n’ekifo ky’okulabirira abaana abatalina bazadde ekirimu ebifo mukaaga n’abaana 600.[85] Era kikola ku byalo ebiriraanye nga kiwa micro-credit eri abakazi 40 n’ebibiina by’abavubuka 10. Kiwa ensigo eri abalimi abasukka mu 10,000 era kiwadde obuyambi obulala. Ekitongole kino kyazimba amalwaliro ana mu byalo 200 bye kisobola okukolako. Era kikola ku nkulaakulana mu byalo. Kirina obukwatagana ne Jack Brewer Foundation, ekitongole ekikola ku nkulaakulana mu nsi yonna ekya NFL star Jack Brewer.[86] == National Association of Business Women == Banda ye mukulembeze w’ekibiina kya National Association of Business Women mu Malawi ekyatandikibwa mu 1990. Kiri mu mateeka ng’ekitongole ekitali kya magoba mu Malawi.[87] Ekibiina kino kirina ekigendererwa okuggyamu abakazi obwavu nga bawanga amaanyi n’okubawa obusobozi mu by’enfuna.[88] Kino kye kibiina ky’abakazi 30,000, ekisanyusa okuwagira bizinensi z’abakazi n’okuyamba abakazi abayagala okwetaba mu bizinensi. Ebikolwa byabwe birimu okutendeka mu bizinensi, okutendeka mu tekinologiya, okukuuma ebyafaayo n’obukugu mu kukulembera.[88] Bakola okuteekateeka okukola emboozi n’abakulembeze abakola amateeka okulaba nga amateeka gabaagaliza abakazi abalina bizinensi.[89] Omukulembeze waakyo kati ye Mary Malunga.[89] Ekitongole kino kibadde n’obukwatagana ne Humanist Institute for Development Cooperation (Hivos) ey’e Netherlands okuva mu 2003.[88] == Philanthropy n’okukulaakulanya ebikolebwa == Banda abadde mu mirimu mingi egy’obusobozi n’abakyala okuva ku myaka 25 okulaba nga wabaawo enkyukakyuka mu mateeka, ddala mu by’enjigiriza. Yatandika Joyce Banda Foundation for Better Education. Yatandika Young Women Leaders Network, National Association of Business Women ne Hunger Project mu Malawi. Ye (nga ali wamu ne Pulezidenti Joaquim Chissano owa Mozambique) yaweebwa ekirabo kya Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger mu 1997 ekitongole ky’e New York ekitali kya gavumenti. Yakozesa ssente z’ekirabo okuzimba ekizimbe kya Joyce Banda foundation for children.[85] Mu 2006, yafuna ekirabo kya International Award for the Health and Dignity of Women olw’okweyisa obulungi ku ddembe ly’abakyala ba Malawi nga bwekikolebwa Americans for United Nations Population Fund.[17] Yaweereza nga commissioner wa "Bridging a World Divided" awamu n’abantu nga Bishop Desmond Tutu, ne United Nations Human Rights Commissioner, Mary Robinson.[8] Banda era yali memba mu Advisory Board for Education mu Washington DC, era mu advisory board ya Federation of World Peace and Love mu Taiwan (China).[8] Mu kiseera ky’okukendeeza ensimbi mu gavumenti mu October 2012, Banda yakendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30%. Era yalangirira nti ennyonyi ya pulezidenti egenda kutundibwa.[90] ==== Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health ==== Mu 2010, Banda yafuuka memba wa Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health,[91] ekibiina ky’abantu kkumi na mukaaga abali mu buyinza n’abakulembeze b’amawanga agasooka, abakozi abakulu n’abalala abakkiriza okutumbula eby’obulamu bw’okuzalira okutuusa ku nkulaakulana ey’olubeerera n’obugagga.[91] Ekikulemberwa omukulembeze w’eggwanga lya Ireland Mary Robinson, abakulembeze bano balaba okukungaanya obuyinza bw’ebyobufuzi n’ensimbi ezetaagisa okufuna obulamu bw’okuzalira eri buli muntu mu 2015 – ekigendererwa ekikulu mu UN Millennium Development Goals.[91] ==== Ebirabo ==== ===== Awaadi z'eggwanga ===== * Woman of the Year, Malawi, 1997<ref name="malawi" /> * Woman of the Year, Malawi, 1998<ref name="malawi" /> * ''Nyasa Times'' Multimedia "Person of the Year", 2010 f6hlvrrn3atgjj3rsm3so1nw9lasyfn 75854 75853 2026-10-01T11:00:05Z MEvalyn 9841 75854 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.[1] Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.[2] == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == Joyce Hilda Ntila yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi). Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda. Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27]Ebibiina mu DPP Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu myaka egyasooka okutuuka ku bukulembeze bwa Banda, Malawi yali mu mbeera embi ey’ebyenfuna olw’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala mu bufuzi bwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Mu mwaka ogwasembayo ogw’obufuzi bwa Mutharika, Bungereza, Amerika, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank ne African Development Bank byonna byaleka okuwa obuyambi bw’ebyensimbi. Baalaga okutya ku bikolwa bya Mutharika ku demokulasiya mu ggwanga n’obukulembeze bwe obwali butandise okubaamu obutabanguko. Mu March 2012, Mutharika yagamba abakungu bano abava ebweru nti “mugende mu hell.” Yabalumiriza okutegeka okuggyawo gavumenti ye.[48] Ekimu ku bizibu bya Banda ng’omukulembeze kyali kuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi. Era yalina ekizibu eky’okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’eggwanga lye erya Malawi nga Mozambique, n’amawanga agali mu kitundu nga Botswana. Mu wiiki esooka ey’obufuzi bwe, Banda yatandika okukola enkolagana empya okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana ya Malawi n’amawanga amalala.[49] Yayogera ne Henry Bellingham ow’ekitongole kya United Kingdom’s Foreign Office. Yamusuubiza nti omubaka omupya owa Bungereza ajja kutumibwa “mu kiseera ekisinga obumpi.” Yayogera ne Secretary of State Hillary Clinton owa Amerika. Clinton yasubiza okuddamu okuteesa ku ssente za $350 million ez’amasannyalaze mu bwangu ddala. Banda yalangirira enteekateeka okwogera ne Baroness Ashton ow’ekitongole kya European Union’s Foreign Affairs office ne Ruby Randall, omukiise wa IMF mu Malawi. Ye ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Michael Sata baali bamaze okuteesa ku kuddamu okukola enkolagana ennungi.[49] Okusanyusa abawa obuyambi, gavumenti ya Banda era yagaana mu June 2012 okutegekera olukiiko lw’African Union mu July kubanga AU yali egambye nti pulezidenti wa Sudan Omar al-Bashir aweebwe obukakafu nti Malawi ejja kwegaana okuweereza ekiragiro kya ICC ekimukwata; Cabinet yasalawo nti embeera zino tezikkirizibwa.[50] Banda yayogerwako Forbes nga omukyala ow’amaanyi asinga obungi mu nsi, erinnya ly’omu Afrika erisinga obunene ku lukalala. === Enkola y'eggwanga === ===== Obubonero bw'eggwanga ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] Mu myezi ebiri nga bamaze okutandika okukulembera, gavumenti ya Banda yateekawo ekiragiro okuddamu okukozesa bendera ya Malawi eyasooka eya 1964 "rising-sun", ng’eggyako eyakozesebwa mu 2010 wansi wa Bingu wa Mutharika.[51][52] ===== Okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi (2010–2012).svg|thumb|Bbendera etamanyiddwa eya 2010–2012]] Ku 18 May 2012 Banda yalangirira nti agenda kuggyawo amateeka agalwanyisa obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka.[53] Mu November Minisitule y’ebyamateeka yawa ekiragiro eky’okwewala okukwatibwa ku bantu abakola obufumbo obwo nga balina okukkiriziganya, nga balindirira okwekeneenya kwa Palamenti,[54] naye Kkooti Enkulu yasazaamu ekiragiro ekyo mu February 2016, ng’egamba nti Palamenti yokka ye esobola okusazaamu oba okuggyawo amateeka gano.[55] Newankubadde obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka bukyali mu mateeka, okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu kwongedde; Lilongwe yakuba olugendo lw’abavubuka ba LGBT olwasooka mu Malawi nga 26 June 2021.[56] ===== Enkyukakyuka mu by’enfuna n’ensimbi ===== Mu kugoberera amagezi ga International Monetary Fund (IMF), Banda yateekawo enkola y’okukyusa omuwendo gw’ensimbi, era nga 7 May 2012, yakendeeza omuwendo gwa Malawian kwacha ku bitundu 33 ku buli kikumi okusinziira ku ddoola ya Amerika okusobola okuggyawo akatale akatono akaliwo n’okufunamu obuyambi okuva ebweru.[57] * Obuzibu obw’akaseera akatono: Okukendeeza omuwendo gw’ensimbi wamu n’okuteeka ebbeeyi y’amafuta mu mikono gy’abantu, kyaleetera okweyongera kw’ebbeeyi y’ebintu okutuuka ku bitundu 34 ku buli kikumi era ne kuleeta okwegugunga n’okulaga obutali bumativu mu January 2013.[58] * Okuddamu okuzimba mu kiseera ekya wakati: Ku nkomerero ya 2013, IMF yagamba nti “okuddamu okuzimba kutandise… nga kuyambibwa okwongera okufuna ensimbi eziva ebweru” era nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu yatandika okukka.[59] Ekibiina kya Southern African Development Community kyategeka nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu ejja kukendeera okutuuka ku bitundu 19.6 ku buli kikumi mu 2014 ng’omuwendo gw’ensimbi gukutte mu mbeera.[60] * Enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi: U.S. Congressional Research Service yalaga nti abawa obuyambi abasinga abaali basazizzaamu obuyambi bw’ensimbi mu kiseera kya Mutharika baabuzzaayo oluvannyuma lw’enkyukakyuka za Banda, nga mwemuli n’endagaano ya US $350-million eya Millennium Challenge Corporation.[61] Enkyukakyuka zino zaateekebwako mu pulogulaamu ya gavumenti ey’okuddamu okuzimba mu by’enfuna eya 2012–2014, eyateeka enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu katale wamu n’enteekateeka z’okukuuma abantu mu mbeera y’obulamu.[62] ===== Obukadde n’ekyuma kya pulezidenti ===== Okusala ku nsimbi ezikozesebwa mu gavumenti, Banda yasuubiza okukendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30 ku buli kikumi era n’alagira okutunda ekifaananyi kya Dassault Falcon 900EX ekyagulibwa eyamuddirira. Ekifaananyi kino kyatundibwa eri Bohnox Enterprise eyali esangibwa mu British Virgin Islands ku doola za Amerika obukadde 15 mu May 2013.[63] Abakungu ba gavumenti baagamba nti ensimbi zino zaakozesebwa okusasula ebbanja ly’okulwanyisa ne Paramount Group n’okusasula emmere ya kasooli n’eddagala, naye ebibiina by’abantu baawakanya enteekateeka eno era ne basaba ebikwata ku ndagaano.[64] Okutegeeza kwa Parliament’s Public Accounts Committee mu 2021 kwalaga okunoonyereza okuggya ku nsonga eno, newankubadde tewali misango gy’obumenyi bw’amateeka egisimbiddwa mu kkooti.[65] ===== Enkola y’abantu ===== Wadde nga enkola za Banda zaaleeta obwesige mu bawandiisi b’ensimbi n’okufuna ssente z’ebweru, zaaleetawo okulinnya kw’ebbeeyi y’obulamu mu maka agali mu bibuga, ne zikendeeza obuwanguzi bwe mu bantu ng’agenda okulonda kwa 2014. Abanoonyereza bakyalina okwawukanako ku mugaso ogw’ebbanga ddene ogw’okukendeeza ebbeeyi mu 2012, newankubadde IMF ne World Bank balaga nti enkola eno yayamba okuziyiza obuzibu bw’ebyenfuna n’okuteekawo omusingi gw’enkulaakulana empya.[66] ===== Enteekateeka za Pulezidenti ===== Banda alaze obumanyirivu mu kulabirira obulamu bw’abakyala n’eddembe ly’okuzaala, nga asinga okuyita mu kusomesa abakyala ku Malawi. Yalaga obuwagizi bwe ng’atandika Presidential Initiative on Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood. Mu myaka ebiri gyokka, enteekateeka eno yalaga okukendeera kw’omuwendo gw’abakyala abafa nga bazaala okuva ku 675 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa okutuuka ku 460 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa.[67] ===== Bendera ===== Oluvannyuma bendera yakyusibwa mu 2010 gavumenti ya Mutharika, waaliwo okuwakanya okuva mu bantu. Ebibiina bingi byawakanya obutuufu bwa bendera eno. Ku 28 May 2012, Banda yakulembera ababaka ba palamenti okusalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze, eyasooka okuteekebwako mu 1964. Ebibiina byonna, okuggyako DPP, byasalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze.[68] ==== Obulamu oluvannyuma lw’okuba pulezidenti ==== ===== Okuddayo okuva mu buwangwa n’okunoonyereza ku Cashgate (2018) ===== Banda yaddayo e Malawi nga 28 April 2018 oluvannyuma lw’emyaka esatu egy’okweyisa mu buwangwa mu Amerika, gyeyali mukwano omukulu mu Woodrow Wilson Center ne Center for Global Development.[69][70] Newankubadde poliisi yawa ekiragiro kya 2017 okumukwata olw’omusango gwa “Cashgate” ogw’omu 2013, Anti-Corruption Bureau yategeeza mu May 2018 nti okunoonyereza kwali kukyagenda mu maaso era nti Banda teyali akyaliiko musango gw’okusimbibwa mu kkooti.[71] ==== Enkolagana z’ebyokulonda mu 2019–2020 ==== People’s Party yasooka okuteekawo Banda ku kulonda kwa pulezidenti mu 2019, naye nga 15 March 2019 yavaamu n’awagira omuvuganya w’ekibiina ky’obufuzi Lazarus Chakwera.[72][73] Oluvannyuma lwa Kkooti Enkulu okusalawo okuggya ebivudde mu kulonda kwa 2019, Banda yawagira Chakwera mu kulonda okwaddirira mu June 2020 era n’amwebaza mu lujjudde oluvannyuma lw’okuwangula.[74] Mu kabineeti ya Chakwera eyasooka, eyalangirirwa nga 8 July 2020, mwali mutabani wa Banda, Roy Akajuwe Kachale-Banda, ng’omubaka w’ebyobusuubuzi.[75] ==== Okulwanirira n’okuyamba mu nsi yonna (2021–2024) ==== ===== Banda abadde akola ennyo ku nsonga z’ebyobulamu n’enkulaakulana mu nsi yonna. ===== * Mu May 2021 yayingira abakulembeze b’amawanga ne Nobel laureates mu bbaluwa ey’okusaba G7 okukkiriza obutali bw’ensimbi za COVID-19 vaccine era okuddamu okuwangula okulwanyisa AIDS.[76] * Ku 11 March 2023 yali omu ku bantu abasukka mu 200 abasayina People’s Vaccine Alliance “Never Again” statement nga basaba okufuna eby’okulwanyisa ebikwatagana n’obulwadde obw’amaanyi.[77] * Mu February 2023 Banda yafuuka omu ku “grain ambassadors” ba Ukraine, ng’ayamba okuzuula amawanga ga Afrika agasinga okwetaaga emmere ya Ukraine mu kiseera ky’olutalo lwa Russo-Ukrainian War.[78] Okuyita mu Joyce Banda Foundation Trust, yeeyongedde okukola ku by’okukuuma emmere n’okusomesa, nga mwemuli okugabira amaka 500 obusimba bwa kasooli abaakosebwa Cyclone Freddy mu January 2024[79] n’okutandika enteekateeka ya K315 million bursary scheme eri abawala abasoma mu masomero aga secondary mu 2024.[80] ==== Okwesimbawo ku bwa Pulezidenti mu 2025 ==== [[File:Joyce Banda 2025.jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2025]] Ku lunaku lwa 23 June 2025, People’s Party National Executive Committee yakkiriza Banda nga omukwasi w’ekibiina ku bwa Pulezidenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwa 2025. Bwe yalangirira okwesimbawo kwe e Lilongwe, yagamba nti “Malawi eri ku mugga ogw’okusalawo era yeetaaga okulaba empya ekwatiddwa ku kukola kw’abavubuka n’okutumbula abakyala mu by’enfuna.”[81] Okulonda kwe—kweyitibwa “A New Malawi for the Youth Initiatives (A.Ma.Y.I.)”—kulaga obusomesa bw’amasomero ga sekendule obutali bwa kusasula, ebifo by’obulamu eby’okusindikibwa, okukyusa mu by’obuli bw’enguzi n’okutumbula abavubuka mu by’obusuubuzi ng’ebikulu byakyo.[82] Yawangulwa Peter Mutharika. == Joyce Banda Foundation == Ng’akyali tannaba kufuuka omumyuka wa pulezidenti, yali mukulembeze era CEO w’ekitongole ekya Joyce Banda Foundation,[84] ekitongole ekirungi ekikola ku baana n’abafumbo abatalina bazadde mu Malawi okuyita mu masomero. Kiri mu Chimwankhunda area mu Blantyre nga kirimu amasomero ga primary ne secondary. Kirimu n’ekifo ky’okulabirira abaana abatalina bazadde ekirimu ebifo mukaaga n’abaana 600.[85] Era kikola ku byalo ebiriraanye nga kiwa micro-credit eri abakazi 40 n’ebibiina by’abavubuka 10. Kiwa ensigo eri abalimi abasukka mu 10,000 era kiwadde obuyambi obulala. Ekitongole kino kyazimba amalwaliro ana mu byalo 200 bye kisobola okukolako. Era kikola ku nkulaakulana mu byalo. Kirina obukwatagana ne Jack Brewer Foundation, ekitongole ekikola ku nkulaakulana mu nsi yonna ekya NFL star Jack Brewer.[86] == National Association of Business Women == Banda ye mukulembeze w’ekibiina kya National Association of Business Women mu Malawi ekyatandikibwa mu 1990. Kiri mu mateeka ng’ekitongole ekitali kya magoba mu Malawi.[87] Ekibiina kino kirina ekigendererwa okuggyamu abakazi obwavu nga bawanga amaanyi n’okubawa obusobozi mu by’enfuna.[88] Kino kye kibiina ky’abakazi 30,000, ekisanyusa okuwagira bizinensi z’abakazi n’okuyamba abakazi abayagala okwetaba mu bizinensi. Ebikolwa byabwe birimu okutendeka mu bizinensi, okutendeka mu tekinologiya, okukuuma ebyafaayo n’obukugu mu kukulembera.[88] Bakola okuteekateeka okukola emboozi n’abakulembeze abakola amateeka okulaba nga amateeka gabaagaliza abakazi abalina bizinensi.[89] Omukulembeze waakyo kati ye Mary Malunga.[89] Ekitongole kino kibadde n’obukwatagana ne Humanist Institute for Development Cooperation (Hivos) ey’e Netherlands okuva mu 2003.[88] == Philanthropy n’okukulaakulanya ebikolebwa == Banda abadde mu mirimu mingi egy’obusobozi n’abakyala okuva ku myaka 25 okulaba nga wabaawo enkyukakyuka mu mateeka, ddala mu by’enjigiriza. Yatandika Joyce Banda Foundation for Better Education. Yatandika Young Women Leaders Network, National Association of Business Women ne Hunger Project mu Malawi. Ye (nga ali wamu ne Pulezidenti Joaquim Chissano owa Mozambique) yaweebwa ekirabo kya Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger mu 1997 ekitongole ky’e New York ekitali kya gavumenti. Yakozesa ssente z’ekirabo okuzimba ekizimbe kya Joyce Banda foundation for children.[85] Mu 2006, yafuna ekirabo kya International Award for the Health and Dignity of Women olw’okweyisa obulungi ku ddembe ly’abakyala ba Malawi nga bwekikolebwa Americans for United Nations Population Fund.[17] Yaweereza nga commissioner wa "Bridging a World Divided" awamu n’abantu nga Bishop Desmond Tutu, ne United Nations Human Rights Commissioner, Mary Robinson.[8] Banda era yali memba mu Advisory Board for Education mu Washington DC, era mu advisory board ya Federation of World Peace and Love mu Taiwan (China).[8] Mu kiseera ky’okukendeeza ensimbi mu gavumenti mu October 2012, Banda yakendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30%. Era yalangirira nti ennyonyi ya pulezidenti egenda kutundibwa.[90] ==== Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health ==== Mu 2010, Banda yafuuka memba wa Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health,[91] ekibiina ky’abantu kkumi na mukaaga abali mu buyinza n’abakulembeze b’amawanga agasooka, abakozi abakulu n’abalala abakkiriza okutumbula eby’obulamu bw’okuzalira okutuusa ku nkulaakulana ey’olubeerera n’obugagga.[91] Ekikulemberwa omukulembeze w’eggwanga lya Ireland Mary Robinson, abakulembeze bano balaba okukungaanya obuyinza bw’ebyobufuzi n’ensimbi ezetaagisa okufuna obulamu bw’okuzalira eri buli muntu mu 2015 – ekigendererwa ekikulu mu UN Millennium Development Goals.[91] ==== Ebirabo ==== ===== Awaadi z'eggwanga ===== * Woman of the Year, Malawi, 1997 * Woman of the Year, Malawi, 1998 * ''Nyasa Times'' Multimedia "Person of the Year", 2010 ===== Ebikopo by’ensi yonna ===== * Martin Luther King Jr. Drum Major Award, 2012, Washington D.C.[93] * Legends Award for Leadership, 2012, Greater African Methodist Episcopal Church[94] * Women of Substance Award, 2010, African Women Development Fund[95] * Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger, 1997, The Hunger Project, New York[8] * International Award for Entrepreneurship Development, 1998, Africa Federation of Women Entrepreneurs & UN Economic Commission for Africa[8] * 100 Heroines Award, 1998, Rochester, New York[8] * Certificate of Honors, 2001, Federation of World Peace and Love, Taiwan (Republic of China)[8] * Reykjavík Global Forum / Women Political Leaders (WPL) Trailblazer Award, 2020, Iceland[96] 8pxweq0voxs032dzleznou4fj33wxme 75855 75854 2026-10-01T11:02:54Z MEvalyn 9841 75855 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.[1] Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.[2] == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == Joyce Hilda Ntila yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi). Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda. Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27]Ebibiina mu DPP Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu myaka egyasooka okutuuka ku bukulembeze bwa Banda, Malawi yali mu mbeera embi ey’ebyenfuna olw’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala mu bufuzi bwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Mu mwaka ogwasembayo ogw’obufuzi bwa Mutharika, Bungereza, Amerika, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank ne African Development Bank byonna byaleka okuwa obuyambi bw’ebyensimbi. Baalaga okutya ku bikolwa bya Mutharika ku demokulasiya mu ggwanga n’obukulembeze bwe obwali butandise okubaamu obutabanguko. Mu March 2012, Mutharika yagamba abakungu bano abava ebweru nti “mugende mu hell.” Yabalumiriza okutegeka okuggyawo gavumenti ye.[48] Ekimu ku bizibu bya Banda ng’omukulembeze kyali kuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi. Era yalina ekizibu eky’okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’eggwanga lye erya Malawi nga Mozambique, n’amawanga agali mu kitundu nga Botswana. Mu wiiki esooka ey’obufuzi bwe, Banda yatandika okukola enkolagana empya okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana ya Malawi n’amawanga amalala.[49] Yayogera ne Henry Bellingham ow’ekitongole kya United Kingdom’s Foreign Office. Yamusuubiza nti omubaka omupya owa Bungereza ajja kutumibwa “mu kiseera ekisinga obumpi.” Yayogera ne Secretary of State Hillary Clinton owa Amerika. Clinton yasubiza okuddamu okuteesa ku ssente za $350 million ez’amasannyalaze mu bwangu ddala. Banda yalangirira enteekateeka okwogera ne Baroness Ashton ow’ekitongole kya European Union’s Foreign Affairs office ne Ruby Randall, omukiise wa IMF mu Malawi. Ye ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Michael Sata baali bamaze okuteesa ku kuddamu okukola enkolagana ennungi.[49] Okusanyusa abawa obuyambi, gavumenti ya Banda era yagaana mu June 2012 okutegekera olukiiko lw’African Union mu July kubanga AU yali egambye nti pulezidenti wa Sudan Omar al-Bashir aweebwe obukakafu nti Malawi ejja kwegaana okuweereza ekiragiro kya ICC ekimukwata; Cabinet yasalawo nti embeera zino tezikkirizibwa.[50] Banda yayogerwako Forbes nga omukyala ow’amaanyi asinga obungi mu nsi, erinnya ly’omu Afrika erisinga obunene ku lukalala. === Enkola y'eggwanga === ===== Obubonero bw'eggwanga ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] Mu myezi ebiri nga bamaze okutandika okukulembera, gavumenti ya Banda yateekawo ekiragiro okuddamu okukozesa bendera ya Malawi eyasooka eya 1964 "rising-sun", ng’eggyako eyakozesebwa mu 2010 wansi wa Bingu wa Mutharika.[51][52] ===== Okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi (2010–2012).svg|thumb|Bbendera etamanyiddwa eya 2010–2012]] Ku 18 May 2012 Banda yalangirira nti agenda kuggyawo amateeka agalwanyisa obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka.[53] Mu November Minisitule y’ebyamateeka yawa ekiragiro eky’okwewala okukwatibwa ku bantu abakola obufumbo obwo nga balina okukkiriziganya, nga balindirira okwekeneenya kwa Palamenti,[54] naye Kkooti Enkulu yasazaamu ekiragiro ekyo mu February 2016, ng’egamba nti Palamenti yokka ye esobola okusazaamu oba okuggyawo amateeka gano.[55] Newankubadde obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka bukyali mu mateeka, okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu kwongedde; Lilongwe yakuba olugendo lw’abavubuka ba LGBT olwasooka mu Malawi nga 26 June 2021.[56] ===== Enkyukakyuka mu by’enfuna n’ensimbi ===== Mu kugoberera amagezi ga International Monetary Fund (IMF), Banda yateekawo enkola y’okukyusa omuwendo gw’ensimbi, era nga 7 May 2012, yakendeeza omuwendo gwa Malawian kwacha ku bitundu 33 ku buli kikumi okusinziira ku ddoola ya Amerika okusobola okuggyawo akatale akatono akaliwo n’okufunamu obuyambi okuva ebweru.[57] * Obuzibu obw’akaseera akatono: Okukendeeza omuwendo gw’ensimbi wamu n’okuteeka ebbeeyi y’amafuta mu mikono gy’abantu, kyaleetera okweyongera kw’ebbeeyi y’ebintu okutuuka ku bitundu 34 ku buli kikumi era ne kuleeta okwegugunga n’okulaga obutali bumativu mu January 2013.[58] * Okuddamu okuzimba mu kiseera ekya wakati: Ku nkomerero ya 2013, IMF yagamba nti “okuddamu okuzimba kutandise… nga kuyambibwa okwongera okufuna ensimbi eziva ebweru” era nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu yatandika okukka.[59] Ekibiina kya Southern African Development Community kyategeka nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu ejja kukendeera okutuuka ku bitundu 19.6 ku buli kikumi mu 2014 ng’omuwendo gw’ensimbi gukutte mu mbeera.[60] * Enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi: U.S. Congressional Research Service yalaga nti abawa obuyambi abasinga abaali basazizzaamu obuyambi bw’ensimbi mu kiseera kya Mutharika baabuzzaayo oluvannyuma lw’enkyukakyuka za Banda, nga mwemuli n’endagaano ya US $350-million eya Millennium Challenge Corporation.[61] Enkyukakyuka zino zaateekebwako mu pulogulaamu ya gavumenti ey’okuddamu okuzimba mu by’enfuna eya 2012–2014, eyateeka enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu katale wamu n’enteekateeka z’okukuuma abantu mu mbeera y’obulamu.[62] ===== Obukadde n’ekyuma kya pulezidenti ===== Okusala ku nsimbi ezikozesebwa mu gavumenti, Banda yasuubiza okukendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30 ku buli kikumi era n’alagira okutunda ekifaananyi kya Dassault Falcon 900EX ekyagulibwa eyamuddirira. Ekifaananyi kino kyatundibwa eri Bohnox Enterprise eyali esangibwa mu British Virgin Islands ku doola za Amerika obukadde 15 mu May 2013.[63] Abakungu ba gavumenti baagamba nti ensimbi zino zaakozesebwa okusasula ebbanja ly’okulwanyisa ne Paramount Group n’okusasula emmere ya kasooli n’eddagala, naye ebibiina by’abantu baawakanya enteekateeka eno era ne basaba ebikwata ku ndagaano.[64] Okutegeeza kwa Parliament’s Public Accounts Committee mu 2021 kwalaga okunoonyereza okuggya ku nsonga eno, newankubadde tewali misango gy’obumenyi bw’amateeka egisimbiddwa mu kkooti.[65] ===== Enkola y’abantu ===== Wadde nga enkola za Banda zaaleeta obwesige mu bawandiisi b’ensimbi n’okufuna ssente z’ebweru, zaaleetawo okulinnya kw’ebbeeyi y’obulamu mu maka agali mu bibuga, ne zikendeeza obuwanguzi bwe mu bantu ng’agenda okulonda kwa 2014. Abanoonyereza bakyalina okwawukanako ku mugaso ogw’ebbanga ddene ogw’okukendeeza ebbeeyi mu 2012, newankubadde IMF ne World Bank balaga nti enkola eno yayamba okuziyiza obuzibu bw’ebyenfuna n’okuteekawo omusingi gw’enkulaakulana empya.[66] ===== Enteekateeka za Pulezidenti ===== Banda alaze obumanyirivu mu kulabirira obulamu bw’abakyala n’eddembe ly’okuzaala, nga asinga okuyita mu kusomesa abakyala ku Malawi. Yalaga obuwagizi bwe ng’atandika Presidential Initiative on Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood. Mu myaka ebiri gyokka, enteekateeka eno yalaga okukendeera kw’omuwendo gw’abakyala abafa nga bazaala okuva ku 675 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa okutuuka ku 460 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa.[67] ===== Bendera ===== Oluvannyuma bendera yakyusibwa mu 2010 gavumenti ya Mutharika, waaliwo okuwakanya okuva mu bantu. Ebibiina bingi byawakanya obutuufu bwa bendera eno. Ku 28 May 2012, Banda yakulembera ababaka ba palamenti okusalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze, eyasooka okuteekebwako mu 1964. Ebibiina byonna, okuggyako DPP, byasalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze.[68] ==== Obulamu oluvannyuma lw’okuba pulezidenti ==== ===== Okuddayo okuva mu buwangwa n’okunoonyereza ku Cashgate (2018) ===== Banda yaddayo e Malawi nga 28 April 2018 oluvannyuma lw’emyaka esatu egy’okweyisa mu buwangwa mu Amerika, gyeyali mukwano omukulu mu Woodrow Wilson Center ne Center for Global Development.[69][70] Newankubadde poliisi yawa ekiragiro kya 2017 okumukwata olw’omusango gwa “Cashgate” ogw’omu 2013, Anti-Corruption Bureau yategeeza mu May 2018 nti okunoonyereza kwali kukyagenda mu maaso era nti Banda teyali akyaliiko musango gw’okusimbibwa mu kkooti.[71] ==== Enkolagana z’ebyokulonda mu 2019–2020 ==== People’s Party yasooka okuteekawo Banda ku kulonda kwa pulezidenti mu 2019, naye nga 15 March 2019 yavaamu n’awagira omuvuganya w’ekibiina ky’obufuzi Lazarus Chakwera.[72][73] Oluvannyuma lwa Kkooti Enkulu okusalawo okuggya ebivudde mu kulonda kwa 2019, Banda yawagira Chakwera mu kulonda okwaddirira mu June 2020 era n’amwebaza mu lujjudde oluvannyuma lw’okuwangula.[74] Mu kabineeti ya Chakwera eyasooka, eyalangirirwa nga 8 July 2020, mwali mutabani wa Banda, Roy Akajuwe Kachale-Banda, ng’omubaka w’ebyobusuubuzi.[75] ==== Okulwanirira n’okuyamba mu nsi yonna (2021–2024) ==== ===== Banda abadde akola ennyo ku nsonga z’ebyobulamu n’enkulaakulana mu nsi yonna. ===== * Mu May 2021 yayingira abakulembeze b’amawanga ne Nobel laureates mu bbaluwa ey’okusaba G7 okukkiriza obutali bw’ensimbi za COVID-19 vaccine era okuddamu okuwangula okulwanyisa AIDS.[76] * Ku 11 March 2023 yali omu ku bantu abasukka mu 200 abasayina People’s Vaccine Alliance “Never Again” statement nga basaba okufuna eby’okulwanyisa ebikwatagana n’obulwadde obw’amaanyi.[77] * Mu February 2023 Banda yafuuka omu ku “grain ambassadors” ba Ukraine, ng’ayamba okuzuula amawanga ga Afrika agasinga okwetaaga emmere ya Ukraine mu kiseera ky’olutalo lwa Russo-Ukrainian War.[78] Okuyita mu Joyce Banda Foundation Trust, yeeyongedde okukola ku by’okukuuma emmere n’okusomesa, nga mwemuli okugabira amaka 500 obusimba bwa kasooli abaakosebwa Cyclone Freddy mu January 2024[79] n’okutandika enteekateeka ya K315 million bursary scheme eri abawala abasoma mu masomero aga secondary mu 2024.[80] ==== Okwesimbawo ku bwa Pulezidenti mu 2025 ==== [[File:Joyce Banda 2025.jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2025]] Ku lunaku lwa 23 June 2025, People’s Party National Executive Committee yakkiriza Banda nga omukwasi w’ekibiina ku bwa Pulezidenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwa 2025. Bwe yalangirira okwesimbawo kwe e Lilongwe, yagamba nti “Malawi eri ku mugga ogw’okusalawo era yeetaaga okulaba empya ekwatiddwa ku kukola kw’abavubuka n’okutumbula abakyala mu by’enfuna.”[81] Okulonda kwe—kweyitibwa “A New Malawi for the Youth Initiatives (A.Ma.Y.I.)”—kulaga obusomesa bw’amasomero ga sekendule obutali bwa kusasula, ebifo by’obulamu eby’okusindikibwa, okukyusa mu by’obuli bw’enguzi n’okutumbula abavubuka mu by’obusuubuzi ng’ebikulu byakyo.[82] Yawangulwa Peter Mutharika. == Joyce Banda Foundation == Ng’akyali tannaba kufuuka omumyuka wa pulezidenti, yali mukulembeze era CEO w’ekitongole ekya Joyce Banda Foundation,[84] ekitongole ekirungi ekikola ku baana n’abafumbo abatalina bazadde mu Malawi okuyita mu masomero. Kiri mu Chimwankhunda area mu Blantyre nga kirimu amasomero ga primary ne secondary. Kirimu n’ekifo ky’okulabirira abaana abatalina bazadde ekirimu ebifo mukaaga n’abaana 600.[85] Era kikola ku byalo ebiriraanye nga kiwa micro-credit eri abakazi 40 n’ebibiina by’abavubuka 10. Kiwa ensigo eri abalimi abasukka mu 10,000 era kiwadde obuyambi obulala. Ekitongole kino kyazimba amalwaliro ana mu byalo 200 bye kisobola okukolako. Era kikola ku nkulaakulana mu byalo. Kirina obukwatagana ne Jack Brewer Foundation, ekitongole ekikola ku nkulaakulana mu nsi yonna ekya NFL star Jack Brewer.[86] == National Association of Business Women == Banda ye mukulembeze w’ekibiina kya National Association of Business Women mu Malawi ekyatandikibwa mu 1990. Kiri mu mateeka ng’ekitongole ekitali kya magoba mu Malawi.[87] Ekibiina kino kirina ekigendererwa okuggyamu abakazi obwavu nga bawanga amaanyi n’okubawa obusobozi mu by’enfuna.[88] Kino kye kibiina ky’abakazi 30,000, ekisanyusa okuwagira bizinensi z’abakazi n’okuyamba abakazi abayagala okwetaba mu bizinensi. Ebikolwa byabwe birimu okutendeka mu bizinensi, okutendeka mu tekinologiya, okukuuma ebyafaayo n’obukugu mu kukulembera.[88] Bakola okuteekateeka okukola emboozi n’abakulembeze abakola amateeka okulaba nga amateeka gabaagaliza abakazi abalina bizinensi.[89] Omukulembeze waakyo kati ye Mary Malunga.[89] Ekitongole kino kibadde n’obukwatagana ne Humanist Institute for Development Cooperation (Hivos) ey’e Netherlands okuva mu 2003.[88] == Philanthropy n’okukulaakulanya ebikolebwa == Banda abadde mu mirimu mingi egy’obusobozi n’abakyala okuva ku myaka 25 okulaba nga wabaawo enkyukakyuka mu mateeka, ddala mu by’enjigiriza. Yatandika Joyce Banda Foundation for Better Education. Yatandika Young Women Leaders Network, National Association of Business Women ne Hunger Project mu Malawi. Ye (nga ali wamu ne Pulezidenti Joaquim Chissano owa Mozambique) yaweebwa ekirabo kya Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger mu 1997 ekitongole ky’e New York ekitali kya gavumenti. Yakozesa ssente z’ekirabo okuzimba ekizimbe kya Joyce Banda foundation for children.[85] Mu 2006, yafuna ekirabo kya International Award for the Health and Dignity of Women olw’okweyisa obulungi ku ddembe ly’abakyala ba Malawi nga bwekikolebwa Americans for United Nations Population Fund.[17] Yaweereza nga commissioner wa "Bridging a World Divided" awamu n’abantu nga Bishop Desmond Tutu, ne United Nations Human Rights Commissioner, Mary Robinson.[8] Banda era yali memba mu Advisory Board for Education mu Washington DC, era mu advisory board ya Federation of World Peace and Love mu Taiwan (China).[8] Mu kiseera ky’okukendeeza ensimbi mu gavumenti mu October 2012, Banda yakendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30%. Era yalangirira nti ennyonyi ya pulezidenti egenda kutundibwa.[90] ==== Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health ==== Mu 2010, Banda yafuuka memba wa Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health,[91] ekibiina ky’abantu kkumi na mukaaga abali mu buyinza n’abakulembeze b’amawanga agasooka, abakozi abakulu n’abalala abakkiriza okutumbula eby’obulamu bw’okuzalira okutuusa ku nkulaakulana ey’olubeerera n’obugagga.[91] Ekikulemberwa omukulembeze w’eggwanga lya Ireland Mary Robinson, abakulembeze bano balaba okukungaanya obuyinza bw’ebyobufuzi n’ensimbi ezetaagisa okufuna obulamu bw’okuzalira eri buli muntu mu 2015 – ekigendererwa ekikulu mu UN Millennium Development Goals.[91] ==== Ebirabo ==== ===== Awaadi z'eggwanga ===== * Woman of the Year, Malawi, 1997 * Woman of the Year, Malawi, 1998 * ''Nyasa Times'' Multimedia "Person of the Year", 2010 ===== Ebikopo by’ensi yonna ===== * Martin Luther King Jr. Drum Major Award, 2012, Washington D.C.[93] * Legends Award for Leadership, 2012, Greater African Methodist Episcopal Church[94] * Women of Substance Award, 2010, African Women Development Fund[95] * Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger, 1997, The Hunger Project, New York[8] * International Award for Entrepreneurship Development, 1998, Africa Federation of Women Entrepreneurs & UN Economic Commission for Africa[8] * 100 Heroines Award, 1998, Rochester, New York[8] * Certificate of Honors, 2001, Federation of World Peace and Love, Taiwan (Republic of China)[8] * Reykjavík Global Forum / Women Political Leaders (WPL) Trailblazer Award, 2020, Iceland[96] ==== Ekitiibwa ==== * ''Forbes'' magazine – World's Most Powerful Women: #40 (2014)<ref name="Forbes14" /> | #47 (2013) | #71 (2012) * ''Forbes'' magazine – Africa's Most Powerful Women: #1 (2012) | #3 (2011) * Included in the "BBC 100 Women" series, October 2014<ref name="bbc100women" /> * Included in "Outstanding Women in Africa" list, 2022, ''New Africa Magazine''<ref name="investigator2022" /> pmoymnrw6uht4azd8fhya3tjk22nzyl 75858 75855 2026-10-01T11:04:04Z MEvalyn 9841 75858 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.[1] Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.[2] == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == Joyce Hilda Ntila yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi). Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda. Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27]Ebibiina mu DPP Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu myaka egyasooka okutuuka ku bukulembeze bwa Banda, Malawi yali mu mbeera embi ey’ebyenfuna olw’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala mu bufuzi bwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Mu mwaka ogwasembayo ogw’obufuzi bwa Mutharika, Bungereza, Amerika, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank ne African Development Bank byonna byaleka okuwa obuyambi bw’ebyensimbi. Baalaga okutya ku bikolwa bya Mutharika ku demokulasiya mu ggwanga n’obukulembeze bwe obwali butandise okubaamu obutabanguko. Mu March 2012, Mutharika yagamba abakungu bano abava ebweru nti “mugende mu hell.” Yabalumiriza okutegeka okuggyawo gavumenti ye.[48] Ekimu ku bizibu bya Banda ng’omukulembeze kyali kuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi. Era yalina ekizibu eky’okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’eggwanga lye erya Malawi nga Mozambique, n’amawanga agali mu kitundu nga Botswana. Mu wiiki esooka ey’obufuzi bwe, Banda yatandika okukola enkolagana empya okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana ya Malawi n’amawanga amalala.[49] Yayogera ne Henry Bellingham ow’ekitongole kya United Kingdom’s Foreign Office. Yamusuubiza nti omubaka omupya owa Bungereza ajja kutumibwa “mu kiseera ekisinga obumpi.” Yayogera ne Secretary of State Hillary Clinton owa Amerika. Clinton yasubiza okuddamu okuteesa ku ssente za $350 million ez’amasannyalaze mu bwangu ddala. Banda yalangirira enteekateeka okwogera ne Baroness Ashton ow’ekitongole kya European Union’s Foreign Affairs office ne Ruby Randall, omukiise wa IMF mu Malawi. Ye ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Michael Sata baali bamaze okuteesa ku kuddamu okukola enkolagana ennungi.[49] Okusanyusa abawa obuyambi, gavumenti ya Banda era yagaana mu June 2012 okutegekera olukiiko lw’African Union mu July kubanga AU yali egambye nti pulezidenti wa Sudan Omar al-Bashir aweebwe obukakafu nti Malawi ejja kwegaana okuweereza ekiragiro kya ICC ekimukwata; Cabinet yasalawo nti embeera zino tezikkirizibwa.[50] Banda yayogerwako Forbes nga omukyala ow’amaanyi asinga obungi mu nsi, erinnya ly’omu Afrika erisinga obunene ku lukalala. === Enkola y'eggwanga === ===== Obubonero bw'eggwanga ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] Mu myezi ebiri nga bamaze okutandika okukulembera, gavumenti ya Banda yateekawo ekiragiro okuddamu okukozesa bendera ya Malawi eyasooka eya 1964 "rising-sun", ng’eggyako eyakozesebwa mu 2010 wansi wa Bingu wa Mutharika.[51][52] ===== Okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi (2010–2012).svg|thumb|Bbendera etamanyiddwa eya 2010–2012]] Ku 18 May 2012 Banda yalangirira nti agenda kuggyawo amateeka agalwanyisa obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka.[53] Mu November Minisitule y’ebyamateeka yawa ekiragiro eky’okwewala okukwatibwa ku bantu abakola obufumbo obwo nga balina okukkiriziganya, nga balindirira okwekeneenya kwa Palamenti,[54] naye Kkooti Enkulu yasazaamu ekiragiro ekyo mu February 2016, ng’egamba nti Palamenti yokka ye esobola okusazaamu oba okuggyawo amateeka gano.[55] Newankubadde obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka bukyali mu mateeka, okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu kwongedde; Lilongwe yakuba olugendo lw’abavubuka ba LGBT olwasooka mu Malawi nga 26 June 2021.[56] ===== Enkyukakyuka mu by’enfuna n’ensimbi ===== Mu kugoberera amagezi ga International Monetary Fund (IMF), Banda yateekawo enkola y’okukyusa omuwendo gw’ensimbi, era nga 7 May 2012, yakendeeza omuwendo gwa Malawian kwacha ku bitundu 33 ku buli kikumi okusinziira ku ddoola ya Amerika okusobola okuggyawo akatale akatono akaliwo n’okufunamu obuyambi okuva ebweru.[57] * Obuzibu obw’akaseera akatono: Okukendeeza omuwendo gw’ensimbi wamu n’okuteeka ebbeeyi y’amafuta mu mikono gy’abantu, kyaleetera okweyongera kw’ebbeeyi y’ebintu okutuuka ku bitundu 34 ku buli kikumi era ne kuleeta okwegugunga n’okulaga obutali bumativu mu January 2013.[58] * Okuddamu okuzimba mu kiseera ekya wakati: Ku nkomerero ya 2013, IMF yagamba nti “okuddamu okuzimba kutandise… nga kuyambibwa okwongera okufuna ensimbi eziva ebweru” era nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu yatandika okukka.[59] Ekibiina kya Southern African Development Community kyategeka nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu ejja kukendeera okutuuka ku bitundu 19.6 ku buli kikumi mu 2014 ng’omuwendo gw’ensimbi gukutte mu mbeera.[60] * Enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi: U.S. Congressional Research Service yalaga nti abawa obuyambi abasinga abaali basazizzaamu obuyambi bw’ensimbi mu kiseera kya Mutharika baabuzzaayo oluvannyuma lw’enkyukakyuka za Banda, nga mwemuli n’endagaano ya US $350-million eya Millennium Challenge Corporation.[61] Enkyukakyuka zino zaateekebwako mu pulogulaamu ya gavumenti ey’okuddamu okuzimba mu by’enfuna eya 2012–2014, eyateeka enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu katale wamu n’enteekateeka z’okukuuma abantu mu mbeera y’obulamu.[62] ===== Obukadde n’ekyuma kya pulezidenti ===== Okusala ku nsimbi ezikozesebwa mu gavumenti, Banda yasuubiza okukendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30 ku buli kikumi era n’alagira okutunda ekifaananyi kya Dassault Falcon 900EX ekyagulibwa eyamuddirira. Ekifaananyi kino kyatundibwa eri Bohnox Enterprise eyali esangibwa mu British Virgin Islands ku doola za Amerika obukadde 15 mu May 2013.[63] Abakungu ba gavumenti baagamba nti ensimbi zino zaakozesebwa okusasula ebbanja ly’okulwanyisa ne Paramount Group n’okusasula emmere ya kasooli n’eddagala, naye ebibiina by’abantu baawakanya enteekateeka eno era ne basaba ebikwata ku ndagaano.[64] Okutegeeza kwa Parliament’s Public Accounts Committee mu 2021 kwalaga okunoonyereza okuggya ku nsonga eno, newankubadde tewali misango gy’obumenyi bw’amateeka egisimbiddwa mu kkooti.[65] ===== Enkola y’abantu ===== Wadde nga enkola za Banda zaaleeta obwesige mu bawandiisi b’ensimbi n’okufuna ssente z’ebweru, zaaleetawo okulinnya kw’ebbeeyi y’obulamu mu maka agali mu bibuga, ne zikendeeza obuwanguzi bwe mu bantu ng’agenda okulonda kwa 2014. Abanoonyereza bakyalina okwawukanako ku mugaso ogw’ebbanga ddene ogw’okukendeeza ebbeeyi mu 2012, newankubadde IMF ne World Bank balaga nti enkola eno yayamba okuziyiza obuzibu bw’ebyenfuna n’okuteekawo omusingi gw’enkulaakulana empya.[66] ===== Enteekateeka za Pulezidenti ===== Banda alaze obumanyirivu mu kulabirira obulamu bw’abakyala n’eddembe ly’okuzaala, nga asinga okuyita mu kusomesa abakyala ku Malawi. Yalaga obuwagizi bwe ng’atandika Presidential Initiative on Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood. Mu myaka ebiri gyokka, enteekateeka eno yalaga okukendeera kw’omuwendo gw’abakyala abafa nga bazaala okuva ku 675 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa okutuuka ku 460 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa.[67] ===== Bendera ===== Oluvannyuma bendera yakyusibwa mu 2010 gavumenti ya Mutharika, waaliwo okuwakanya okuva mu bantu. Ebibiina bingi byawakanya obutuufu bwa bendera eno. Ku 28 May 2012, Banda yakulembera ababaka ba palamenti okusalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze, eyasooka okuteekebwako mu 1964. Ebibiina byonna, okuggyako DPP, byasalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze.[68] ==== Obulamu oluvannyuma lw’okuba pulezidenti ==== ===== Okuddayo okuva mu buwangwa n’okunoonyereza ku Cashgate (2018) ===== Banda yaddayo e Malawi nga 28 April 2018 oluvannyuma lw’emyaka esatu egy’okweyisa mu buwangwa mu Amerika, gyeyali mukwano omukulu mu Woodrow Wilson Center ne Center for Global Development.[69][70] Newankubadde poliisi yawa ekiragiro kya 2017 okumukwata olw’omusango gwa “Cashgate” ogw’omu 2013, Anti-Corruption Bureau yategeeza mu May 2018 nti okunoonyereza kwali kukyagenda mu maaso era nti Banda teyali akyaliiko musango gw’okusimbibwa mu kkooti.[71] ==== Enkolagana z’ebyokulonda mu 2019–2020 ==== People’s Party yasooka okuteekawo Banda ku kulonda kwa pulezidenti mu 2019, naye nga 15 March 2019 yavaamu n’awagira omuvuganya w’ekibiina ky’obufuzi Lazarus Chakwera.[72][73] Oluvannyuma lwa Kkooti Enkulu okusalawo okuggya ebivudde mu kulonda kwa 2019, Banda yawagira Chakwera mu kulonda okwaddirira mu June 2020 era n’amwebaza mu lujjudde oluvannyuma lw’okuwangula.[74] Mu kabineeti ya Chakwera eyasooka, eyalangirirwa nga 8 July 2020, mwali mutabani wa Banda, Roy Akajuwe Kachale-Banda, ng’omubaka w’ebyobusuubuzi.[75] ==== Okulwanirira n’okuyamba mu nsi yonna (2021–2024) ==== ===== Banda abadde akola ennyo ku nsonga z’ebyobulamu n’enkulaakulana mu nsi yonna. ===== * Mu May 2021 yayingira abakulembeze b’amawanga ne Nobel laureates mu bbaluwa ey’okusaba G7 okukkiriza obutali bw’ensimbi za COVID-19 vaccine era okuddamu okuwangula okulwanyisa AIDS.[76] * Ku 11 March 2023 yali omu ku bantu abasukka mu 200 abasayina People’s Vaccine Alliance “Never Again” statement nga basaba okufuna eby’okulwanyisa ebikwatagana n’obulwadde obw’amaanyi.[77] * Mu February 2023 Banda yafuuka omu ku “grain ambassadors” ba Ukraine, ng’ayamba okuzuula amawanga ga Afrika agasinga okwetaaga emmere ya Ukraine mu kiseera ky’olutalo lwa Russo-Ukrainian War.[78] Okuyita mu Joyce Banda Foundation Trust, yeeyongedde okukola ku by’okukuuma emmere n’okusomesa, nga mwemuli okugabira amaka 500 obusimba bwa kasooli abaakosebwa Cyclone Freddy mu January 2024[79] n’okutandika enteekateeka ya K315 million bursary scheme eri abawala abasoma mu masomero aga secondary mu 2024.[80] ==== Okwesimbawo ku bwa Pulezidenti mu 2025 ==== [[File:Joyce Banda 2025.jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2025]] Ku lunaku lwa 23 June 2025, People’s Party National Executive Committee yakkiriza Banda nga omukwasi w’ekibiina ku bwa Pulezidenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwa 2025. Bwe yalangirira okwesimbawo kwe e Lilongwe, yagamba nti “Malawi eri ku mugga ogw’okusalawo era yeetaaga okulaba empya ekwatiddwa ku kukola kw’abavubuka n’okutumbula abakyala mu by’enfuna.”[81] Okulonda kwe—kweyitibwa “A New Malawi for the Youth Initiatives (A.Ma.Y.I.)”—kulaga obusomesa bw’amasomero ga sekendule obutali bwa kusasula, ebifo by’obulamu eby’okusindikibwa, okukyusa mu by’obuli bw’enguzi n’okutumbula abavubuka mu by’obusuubuzi ng’ebikulu byakyo.[82] Yawangulwa Peter Mutharika. == Joyce Banda Foundation == Ng’akyali tannaba kufuuka omumyuka wa pulezidenti, yali mukulembeze era CEO w’ekitongole ekya Joyce Banda Foundation,[84] ekitongole ekirungi ekikola ku baana n’abafumbo abatalina bazadde mu Malawi okuyita mu masomero. Kiri mu Chimwankhunda area mu Blantyre nga kirimu amasomero ga primary ne secondary. Kirimu n’ekifo ky’okulabirira abaana abatalina bazadde ekirimu ebifo mukaaga n’abaana 600.[85] Era kikola ku byalo ebiriraanye nga kiwa micro-credit eri abakazi 40 n’ebibiina by’abavubuka 10. Kiwa ensigo eri abalimi abasukka mu 10,000 era kiwadde obuyambi obulala. Ekitongole kino kyazimba amalwaliro ana mu byalo 200 bye kisobola okukolako. Era kikola ku nkulaakulana mu byalo. Kirina obukwatagana ne Jack Brewer Foundation, ekitongole ekikola ku nkulaakulana mu nsi yonna ekya NFL star Jack Brewer.[86] == National Association of Business Women == Banda ye mukulembeze w’ekibiina kya National Association of Business Women mu Malawi ekyatandikibwa mu 1990. Kiri mu mateeka ng’ekitongole ekitali kya magoba mu Malawi.[87] Ekibiina kino kirina ekigendererwa okuggyamu abakazi obwavu nga bawanga amaanyi n’okubawa obusobozi mu by’enfuna.[88] Kino kye kibiina ky’abakazi 30,000, ekisanyusa okuwagira bizinensi z’abakazi n’okuyamba abakazi abayagala okwetaba mu bizinensi. Ebikolwa byabwe birimu okutendeka mu bizinensi, okutendeka mu tekinologiya, okukuuma ebyafaayo n’obukugu mu kukulembera.[88] Bakola okuteekateeka okukola emboozi n’abakulembeze abakola amateeka okulaba nga amateeka gabaagaliza abakazi abalina bizinensi.[89] Omukulembeze waakyo kati ye Mary Malunga.[89] Ekitongole kino kibadde n’obukwatagana ne Humanist Institute for Development Cooperation (Hivos) ey’e Netherlands okuva mu 2003.[88] == Philanthropy n’okukulaakulanya ebikolebwa == Banda abadde mu mirimu mingi egy’obusobozi n’abakyala okuva ku myaka 25 okulaba nga wabaawo enkyukakyuka mu mateeka, ddala mu by’enjigiriza. Yatandika Joyce Banda Foundation for Better Education. Yatandika Young Women Leaders Network, National Association of Business Women ne Hunger Project mu Malawi. Ye (nga ali wamu ne Pulezidenti Joaquim Chissano owa Mozambique) yaweebwa ekirabo kya Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger mu 1997 ekitongole ky’e New York ekitali kya gavumenti. Yakozesa ssente z’ekirabo okuzimba ekizimbe kya Joyce Banda foundation for children.[85] Mu 2006, yafuna ekirabo kya International Award for the Health and Dignity of Women olw’okweyisa obulungi ku ddembe ly’abakyala ba Malawi nga bwekikolebwa Americans for United Nations Population Fund.[17] Yaweereza nga commissioner wa "Bridging a World Divided" awamu n’abantu nga Bishop Desmond Tutu, ne United Nations Human Rights Commissioner, Mary Robinson.[8] Banda era yali memba mu Advisory Board for Education mu Washington DC, era mu advisory board ya Federation of World Peace and Love mu Taiwan (China).[8] Mu kiseera ky’okukendeeza ensimbi mu gavumenti mu October 2012, Banda yakendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30%. Era yalangirira nti ennyonyi ya pulezidenti egenda kutundibwa.[90] ==== Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health ==== Mu 2010, Banda yafuuka memba wa Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health,[91] ekibiina ky’abantu kkumi na mukaaga abali mu buyinza n’abakulembeze b’amawanga agasooka, abakozi abakulu n’abalala abakkiriza okutumbula eby’obulamu bw’okuzalira okutuusa ku nkulaakulana ey’olubeerera n’obugagga.[91] Ekikulemberwa omukulembeze w’eggwanga lya Ireland Mary Robinson, abakulembeze bano balaba okukungaanya obuyinza bw’ebyobufuzi n’ensimbi ezetaagisa okufuna obulamu bw’okuzalira eri buli muntu mu 2015 – ekigendererwa ekikulu mu UN Millennium Development Goals.[91] ==== Ebirabo ==== ===== Awaadi z'eggwanga ===== * Woman of the Year, Malawi, 1997 * Woman of the Year, Malawi, 1998 * ''Nyasa Times'' Multimedia "Person of the Year", 2010 ===== Ebikopo by’ensi yonna ===== * Martin Luther King Jr. Drum Major Award, 2012, Washington D.C.[93] * Legends Award for Leadership, 2012, Greater African Methodist Episcopal Church[94] * Women of Substance Award, 2010, African Women Development Fund[95] * Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger, 1997, The Hunger Project, New York[8] * International Award for Entrepreneurship Development, 1998, Africa Federation of Women Entrepreneurs & UN Economic Commission for Africa[8] * 100 Heroines Award, 1998, Rochester, New York[8] * Certificate of Honors, 2001, Federation of World Peace and Love, Taiwan (Republic of China)[8] * Reykjavík Global Forum / Women Political Leaders (WPL) Trailblazer Award, 2020, Iceland[96] ==== Ekitiibwa ==== * ''Forbes'' magazine – World's Most Powerful Women: #40 (2014)<ref name="Forbes14" /> | #47 (2013) | #71 (2012) * ''Forbes'' magazine – Africa's Most Powerful Women: #1 (2012) | #3 (2011) * Included in the "BBC 100 Women" series, October 2014<ref name="bbc100women" /> * Included in "Outstanding Women in Africa" list, 2022, ''New Africa Magazine''<ref name="investigator2022" /> == Laba era == * Malawian Constitutional Crisis 2012 * List of current members of the National Assembly of Malawi ovqgmvzbhkug1yp5ifwozpr6njpb8b7 75860 75858 2026-10-01T11:04:45Z MEvalyn 9841 75860 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.[1] Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.[2] == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == Joyce Hilda Ntila yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi). Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda. Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27]Ebibiina mu DPP Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu myaka egyasooka okutuuka ku bukulembeze bwa Banda, Malawi yali mu mbeera embi ey’ebyenfuna olw’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala mu bufuzi bwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Mu mwaka ogwasembayo ogw’obufuzi bwa Mutharika, Bungereza, Amerika, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank ne African Development Bank byonna byaleka okuwa obuyambi bw’ebyensimbi. Baalaga okutya ku bikolwa bya Mutharika ku demokulasiya mu ggwanga n’obukulembeze bwe obwali butandise okubaamu obutabanguko. Mu March 2012, Mutharika yagamba abakungu bano abava ebweru nti “mugende mu hell.” Yabalumiriza okutegeka okuggyawo gavumenti ye.[48] Ekimu ku bizibu bya Banda ng’omukulembeze kyali kuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi. Era yalina ekizibu eky’okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’eggwanga lye erya Malawi nga Mozambique, n’amawanga agali mu kitundu nga Botswana. Mu wiiki esooka ey’obufuzi bwe, Banda yatandika okukola enkolagana empya okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana ya Malawi n’amawanga amalala.[49] Yayogera ne Henry Bellingham ow’ekitongole kya United Kingdom’s Foreign Office. Yamusuubiza nti omubaka omupya owa Bungereza ajja kutumibwa “mu kiseera ekisinga obumpi.” Yayogera ne Secretary of State Hillary Clinton owa Amerika. Clinton yasubiza okuddamu okuteesa ku ssente za $350 million ez’amasannyalaze mu bwangu ddala. Banda yalangirira enteekateeka okwogera ne Baroness Ashton ow’ekitongole kya European Union’s Foreign Affairs office ne Ruby Randall, omukiise wa IMF mu Malawi. Ye ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Michael Sata baali bamaze okuteesa ku kuddamu okukola enkolagana ennungi.[49] Okusanyusa abawa obuyambi, gavumenti ya Banda era yagaana mu June 2012 okutegekera olukiiko lw’African Union mu July kubanga AU yali egambye nti pulezidenti wa Sudan Omar al-Bashir aweebwe obukakafu nti Malawi ejja kwegaana okuweereza ekiragiro kya ICC ekimukwata; Cabinet yasalawo nti embeera zino tezikkirizibwa.[50] Banda yayogerwako Forbes nga omukyala ow’amaanyi asinga obungi mu nsi, erinnya ly’omu Afrika erisinga obunene ku lukalala. === Enkola y'eggwanga === ===== Obubonero bw'eggwanga ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] Mu myezi ebiri nga bamaze okutandika okukulembera, gavumenti ya Banda yateekawo ekiragiro okuddamu okukozesa bendera ya Malawi eyasooka eya 1964 "rising-sun", ng’eggyako eyakozesebwa mu 2010 wansi wa Bingu wa Mutharika.[51][52] ===== Okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi (2010–2012).svg|thumb|Bbendera etamanyiddwa eya 2010–2012]] Ku 18 May 2012 Banda yalangirira nti agenda kuggyawo amateeka agalwanyisa obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka.[53] Mu November Minisitule y’ebyamateeka yawa ekiragiro eky’okwewala okukwatibwa ku bantu abakola obufumbo obwo nga balina okukkiriziganya, nga balindirira okwekeneenya kwa Palamenti,[54] naye Kkooti Enkulu yasazaamu ekiragiro ekyo mu February 2016, ng’egamba nti Palamenti yokka ye esobola okusazaamu oba okuggyawo amateeka gano.[55] Newankubadde obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka bukyali mu mateeka, okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu kwongedde; Lilongwe yakuba olugendo lw’abavubuka ba LGBT olwasooka mu Malawi nga 26 June 2021.[56] ===== Enkyukakyuka mu by’enfuna n’ensimbi ===== Mu kugoberera amagezi ga International Monetary Fund (IMF), Banda yateekawo enkola y’okukyusa omuwendo gw’ensimbi, era nga 7 May 2012, yakendeeza omuwendo gwa Malawian kwacha ku bitundu 33 ku buli kikumi okusinziira ku ddoola ya Amerika okusobola okuggyawo akatale akatono akaliwo n’okufunamu obuyambi okuva ebweru.[57] * Obuzibu obw’akaseera akatono: Okukendeeza omuwendo gw’ensimbi wamu n’okuteeka ebbeeyi y’amafuta mu mikono gy’abantu, kyaleetera okweyongera kw’ebbeeyi y’ebintu okutuuka ku bitundu 34 ku buli kikumi era ne kuleeta okwegugunga n’okulaga obutali bumativu mu January 2013.[58] * Okuddamu okuzimba mu kiseera ekya wakati: Ku nkomerero ya 2013, IMF yagamba nti “okuddamu okuzimba kutandise… nga kuyambibwa okwongera okufuna ensimbi eziva ebweru” era nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu yatandika okukka.[59] Ekibiina kya Southern African Development Community kyategeka nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu ejja kukendeera okutuuka ku bitundu 19.6 ku buli kikumi mu 2014 ng’omuwendo gw’ensimbi gukutte mu mbeera.[60] * Enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi: U.S. Congressional Research Service yalaga nti abawa obuyambi abasinga abaali basazizzaamu obuyambi bw’ensimbi mu kiseera kya Mutharika baabuzzaayo oluvannyuma lw’enkyukakyuka za Banda, nga mwemuli n’endagaano ya US $350-million eya Millennium Challenge Corporation.[61] Enkyukakyuka zino zaateekebwako mu pulogulaamu ya gavumenti ey’okuddamu okuzimba mu by’enfuna eya 2012–2014, eyateeka enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu katale wamu n’enteekateeka z’okukuuma abantu mu mbeera y’obulamu.[62] ===== Obukadde n’ekyuma kya pulezidenti ===== Okusala ku nsimbi ezikozesebwa mu gavumenti, Banda yasuubiza okukendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30 ku buli kikumi era n’alagira okutunda ekifaananyi kya Dassault Falcon 900EX ekyagulibwa eyamuddirira. Ekifaananyi kino kyatundibwa eri Bohnox Enterprise eyali esangibwa mu British Virgin Islands ku doola za Amerika obukadde 15 mu May 2013.[63] Abakungu ba gavumenti baagamba nti ensimbi zino zaakozesebwa okusasula ebbanja ly’okulwanyisa ne Paramount Group n’okusasula emmere ya kasooli n’eddagala, naye ebibiina by’abantu baawakanya enteekateeka eno era ne basaba ebikwata ku ndagaano.[64] Okutegeeza kwa Parliament’s Public Accounts Committee mu 2021 kwalaga okunoonyereza okuggya ku nsonga eno, newankubadde tewali misango gy’obumenyi bw’amateeka egisimbiddwa mu kkooti.[65] ===== Enkola y’abantu ===== Wadde nga enkola za Banda zaaleeta obwesige mu bawandiisi b’ensimbi n’okufuna ssente z’ebweru, zaaleetawo okulinnya kw’ebbeeyi y’obulamu mu maka agali mu bibuga, ne zikendeeza obuwanguzi bwe mu bantu ng’agenda okulonda kwa 2014. Abanoonyereza bakyalina okwawukanako ku mugaso ogw’ebbanga ddene ogw’okukendeeza ebbeeyi mu 2012, newankubadde IMF ne World Bank balaga nti enkola eno yayamba okuziyiza obuzibu bw’ebyenfuna n’okuteekawo omusingi gw’enkulaakulana empya.[66] ===== Enteekateeka za Pulezidenti ===== Banda alaze obumanyirivu mu kulabirira obulamu bw’abakyala n’eddembe ly’okuzaala, nga asinga okuyita mu kusomesa abakyala ku Malawi. Yalaga obuwagizi bwe ng’atandika Presidential Initiative on Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood. Mu myaka ebiri gyokka, enteekateeka eno yalaga okukendeera kw’omuwendo gw’abakyala abafa nga bazaala okuva ku 675 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa okutuuka ku 460 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa.[67] ===== Bendera ===== Oluvannyuma bendera yakyusibwa mu 2010 gavumenti ya Mutharika, waaliwo okuwakanya okuva mu bantu. Ebibiina bingi byawakanya obutuufu bwa bendera eno. Ku 28 May 2012, Banda yakulembera ababaka ba palamenti okusalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze, eyasooka okuteekebwako mu 1964. Ebibiina byonna, okuggyako DPP, byasalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze.[68] ==== Obulamu oluvannyuma lw’okuba pulezidenti ==== ===== Okuddayo okuva mu buwangwa n’okunoonyereza ku Cashgate (2018) ===== Banda yaddayo e Malawi nga 28 April 2018 oluvannyuma lw’emyaka esatu egy’okweyisa mu buwangwa mu Amerika, gyeyali mukwano omukulu mu Woodrow Wilson Center ne Center for Global Development.[69][70] Newankubadde poliisi yawa ekiragiro kya 2017 okumukwata olw’omusango gwa “Cashgate” ogw’omu 2013, Anti-Corruption Bureau yategeeza mu May 2018 nti okunoonyereza kwali kukyagenda mu maaso era nti Banda teyali akyaliiko musango gw’okusimbibwa mu kkooti.[71] ==== Enkolagana z’ebyokulonda mu 2019–2020 ==== People’s Party yasooka okuteekawo Banda ku kulonda kwa pulezidenti mu 2019, naye nga 15 March 2019 yavaamu n’awagira omuvuganya w’ekibiina ky’obufuzi Lazarus Chakwera.[72][73] Oluvannyuma lwa Kkooti Enkulu okusalawo okuggya ebivudde mu kulonda kwa 2019, Banda yawagira Chakwera mu kulonda okwaddirira mu June 2020 era n’amwebaza mu lujjudde oluvannyuma lw’okuwangula.[74] Mu kabineeti ya Chakwera eyasooka, eyalangirirwa nga 8 July 2020, mwali mutabani wa Banda, Roy Akajuwe Kachale-Banda, ng’omubaka w’ebyobusuubuzi.[75] ==== Okulwanirira n’okuyamba mu nsi yonna (2021–2024) ==== ===== Banda abadde akola ennyo ku nsonga z’ebyobulamu n’enkulaakulana mu nsi yonna. ===== * Mu May 2021 yayingira abakulembeze b’amawanga ne Nobel laureates mu bbaluwa ey’okusaba G7 okukkiriza obutali bw’ensimbi za COVID-19 vaccine era okuddamu okuwangula okulwanyisa AIDS.[76] * Ku 11 March 2023 yali omu ku bantu abasukka mu 200 abasayina People’s Vaccine Alliance “Never Again” statement nga basaba okufuna eby’okulwanyisa ebikwatagana n’obulwadde obw’amaanyi.[77] * Mu February 2023 Banda yafuuka omu ku “grain ambassadors” ba Ukraine, ng’ayamba okuzuula amawanga ga Afrika agasinga okwetaaga emmere ya Ukraine mu kiseera ky’olutalo lwa Russo-Ukrainian War.[78] Okuyita mu Joyce Banda Foundation Trust, yeeyongedde okukola ku by’okukuuma emmere n’okusomesa, nga mwemuli okugabira amaka 500 obusimba bwa kasooli abaakosebwa Cyclone Freddy mu January 2024[79] n’okutandika enteekateeka ya K315 million bursary scheme eri abawala abasoma mu masomero aga secondary mu 2024.[80] ==== Okwesimbawo ku bwa Pulezidenti mu 2025 ==== [[File:Joyce Banda 2025.jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2025]] Ku lunaku lwa 23 June 2025, People’s Party National Executive Committee yakkiriza Banda nga omukwasi w’ekibiina ku bwa Pulezidenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwa 2025. Bwe yalangirira okwesimbawo kwe e Lilongwe, yagamba nti “Malawi eri ku mugga ogw’okusalawo era yeetaaga okulaba empya ekwatiddwa ku kukola kw’abavubuka n’okutumbula abakyala mu by’enfuna.”[81] Okulonda kwe—kweyitibwa “A New Malawi for the Youth Initiatives (A.Ma.Y.I.)”—kulaga obusomesa bw’amasomero ga sekendule obutali bwa kusasula, ebifo by’obulamu eby’okusindikibwa, okukyusa mu by’obuli bw’enguzi n’okutumbula abavubuka mu by’obusuubuzi ng’ebikulu byakyo.[82] Yawangulwa Peter Mutharika. == Joyce Banda Foundation == Ng’akyali tannaba kufuuka omumyuka wa pulezidenti, yali mukulembeze era CEO w’ekitongole ekya Joyce Banda Foundation,[84] ekitongole ekirungi ekikola ku baana n’abafumbo abatalina bazadde mu Malawi okuyita mu masomero. Kiri mu Chimwankhunda area mu Blantyre nga kirimu amasomero ga primary ne secondary. Kirimu n’ekifo ky’okulabirira abaana abatalina bazadde ekirimu ebifo mukaaga n’abaana 600.[85] Era kikola ku byalo ebiriraanye nga kiwa micro-credit eri abakazi 40 n’ebibiina by’abavubuka 10. Kiwa ensigo eri abalimi abasukka mu 10,000 era kiwadde obuyambi obulala. Ekitongole kino kyazimba amalwaliro ana mu byalo 200 bye kisobola okukolako. Era kikola ku nkulaakulana mu byalo. Kirina obukwatagana ne Jack Brewer Foundation, ekitongole ekikola ku nkulaakulana mu nsi yonna ekya NFL star Jack Brewer.[86] == National Association of Business Women == Banda ye mukulembeze w’ekibiina kya National Association of Business Women mu Malawi ekyatandikibwa mu 1990. Kiri mu mateeka ng’ekitongole ekitali kya magoba mu Malawi.[87] Ekibiina kino kirina ekigendererwa okuggyamu abakazi obwavu nga bawanga amaanyi n’okubawa obusobozi mu by’enfuna.[88] Kino kye kibiina ky’abakazi 30,000, ekisanyusa okuwagira bizinensi z’abakazi n’okuyamba abakazi abayagala okwetaba mu bizinensi. Ebikolwa byabwe birimu okutendeka mu bizinensi, okutendeka mu tekinologiya, okukuuma ebyafaayo n’obukugu mu kukulembera.[88] Bakola okuteekateeka okukola emboozi n’abakulembeze abakola amateeka okulaba nga amateeka gabaagaliza abakazi abalina bizinensi.[89] Omukulembeze waakyo kati ye Mary Malunga.[89] Ekitongole kino kibadde n’obukwatagana ne Humanist Institute for Development Cooperation (Hivos) ey’e Netherlands okuva mu 2003.[88] == Philanthropy n’okukulaakulanya ebikolebwa == Banda abadde mu mirimu mingi egy’obusobozi n’abakyala okuva ku myaka 25 okulaba nga wabaawo enkyukakyuka mu mateeka, ddala mu by’enjigiriza. Yatandika Joyce Banda Foundation for Better Education. Yatandika Young Women Leaders Network, National Association of Business Women ne Hunger Project mu Malawi. Ye (nga ali wamu ne Pulezidenti Joaquim Chissano owa Mozambique) yaweebwa ekirabo kya Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger mu 1997 ekitongole ky’e New York ekitali kya gavumenti. Yakozesa ssente z’ekirabo okuzimba ekizimbe kya Joyce Banda foundation for children.[85] Mu 2006, yafuna ekirabo kya International Award for the Health and Dignity of Women olw’okweyisa obulungi ku ddembe ly’abakyala ba Malawi nga bwekikolebwa Americans for United Nations Population Fund.[17] Yaweereza nga commissioner wa "Bridging a World Divided" awamu n’abantu nga Bishop Desmond Tutu, ne United Nations Human Rights Commissioner, Mary Robinson.[8] Banda era yali memba mu Advisory Board for Education mu Washington DC, era mu advisory board ya Federation of World Peace and Love mu Taiwan (China).[8] Mu kiseera ky’okukendeeza ensimbi mu gavumenti mu October 2012, Banda yakendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30%. Era yalangirira nti ennyonyi ya pulezidenti egenda kutundibwa.[90] ==== Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health ==== Mu 2010, Banda yafuuka memba wa Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health,[91] ekibiina ky’abantu kkumi na mukaaga abali mu buyinza n’abakulembeze b’amawanga agasooka, abakozi abakulu n’abalala abakkiriza okutumbula eby’obulamu bw’okuzalira okutuusa ku nkulaakulana ey’olubeerera n’obugagga.[91] Ekikulemberwa omukulembeze w’eggwanga lya Ireland Mary Robinson, abakulembeze bano balaba okukungaanya obuyinza bw’ebyobufuzi n’ensimbi ezetaagisa okufuna obulamu bw’okuzalira eri buli muntu mu 2015 – ekigendererwa ekikulu mu UN Millennium Development Goals.[91] ==== Ebirabo ==== ===== Awaadi z'eggwanga ===== * Woman of the Year, Malawi, 1997 * Woman of the Year, Malawi, 1998 * ''Nyasa Times'' Multimedia "Person of the Year", 2010 ===== Ebikopo by’ensi yonna ===== * Martin Luther King Jr. Drum Major Award, 2012, Washington D.C.[93] * Legends Award for Leadership, 2012, Greater African Methodist Episcopal Church[94] * Women of Substance Award, 2010, African Women Development Fund[95] * Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger, 1997, The Hunger Project, New York[8] * International Award for Entrepreneurship Development, 1998, Africa Federation of Women Entrepreneurs & UN Economic Commission for Africa[8] * 100 Heroines Award, 1998, Rochester, New York[8] * Certificate of Honors, 2001, Federation of World Peace and Love, Taiwan (Republic of China)[8] * Reykjavík Global Forum / Women Political Leaders (WPL) Trailblazer Award, 2020, Iceland[96] ==== Ekitiibwa ==== * ''Forbes'' magazine – World's Most Powerful Women: #40 (2014)<ref name="Forbes14" /> | #47 (2013) | #71 (2012) * ''Forbes'' magazine – Africa's Most Powerful Women: #1 (2012) | #3 (2011) * Included in the "BBC 100 Women" series, October 2014<ref name="bbc100women" /> * Included in "Outstanding Women in Africa" list, 2022, ''New Africa Magazine''<ref name="investigator2022" /> == Laba era == * Malawian Constitutional Crisis 2012 * List of current members of the National Assembly of Malawi == Okusoma okw'okweyongerayo == * Kim Yi Dionne, Boniface Dulani (January 2013). "Constitutional provisions and executive succession: Malawi's 2012 transition in comparative perspective". ''African Affairs''. '''112''' (446): 111–137. doi:10.1093/afraf/ads067. JSTOR&#x20;23357150 kute3r6z9umkg46fikkzje9ht6ddmqw 75867 75860 2026-10-01T11:07:14Z MEvalyn 9841 75867 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.[1] Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.[2] == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == Joyce Hilda Ntila yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi). Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda. Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27] ==== Ebibiina mu DPP ==== [[File:Joyce Banda Department for International Development photo crop.jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2012]] Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu myaka egyasooka okutuuka ku bukulembeze bwa Banda, Malawi yali mu mbeera embi ey’ebyenfuna olw’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala mu bufuzi bwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Mu mwaka ogwasembayo ogw’obufuzi bwa Mutharika, Bungereza, Amerika, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank ne African Development Bank byonna byaleka okuwa obuyambi bw’ebyensimbi. Baalaga okutya ku bikolwa bya Mutharika ku demokulasiya mu ggwanga n’obukulembeze bwe obwali butandise okubaamu obutabanguko. Mu March 2012, Mutharika yagamba abakungu bano abava ebweru nti “mugende mu hell.” Yabalumiriza okutegeka okuggyawo gavumenti ye.[48] Ekimu ku bizibu bya Banda ng’omukulembeze kyali kuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi. Era yalina ekizibu eky’okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’eggwanga lye erya Malawi nga Mozambique, n’amawanga agali mu kitundu nga Botswana. Mu wiiki esooka ey’obufuzi bwe, Banda yatandika okukola enkolagana empya okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana ya Malawi n’amawanga amalala.[49] Yayogera ne Henry Bellingham ow’ekitongole kya United Kingdom’s Foreign Office. Yamusuubiza nti omubaka omupya owa Bungereza ajja kutumibwa “mu kiseera ekisinga obumpi.” Yayogera ne Secretary of State Hillary Clinton owa Amerika. Clinton yasubiza okuddamu okuteesa ku ssente za $350 million ez’amasannyalaze mu bwangu ddala. Banda yalangirira enteekateeka okwogera ne Baroness Ashton ow’ekitongole kya European Union’s Foreign Affairs office ne Ruby Randall, omukiise wa IMF mu Malawi. Ye ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Michael Sata baali bamaze okuteesa ku kuddamu okukola enkolagana ennungi.[49] Okusanyusa abawa obuyambi, gavumenti ya Banda era yagaana mu June 2012 okutegekera olukiiko lw’African Union mu July kubanga AU yali egambye nti pulezidenti wa Sudan Omar al-Bashir aweebwe obukakafu nti Malawi ejja kwegaana okuweereza ekiragiro kya ICC ekimukwata; Cabinet yasalawo nti embeera zino tezikkirizibwa.[50] Banda yayogerwako Forbes nga omukyala ow’amaanyi asinga obungi mu nsi, erinnya ly’omu Afrika erisinga obunene ku lukalala. === Enkola y'eggwanga === ===== Obubonero bw'eggwanga ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] Mu myezi ebiri nga bamaze okutandika okukulembera, gavumenti ya Banda yateekawo ekiragiro okuddamu okukozesa bendera ya Malawi eyasooka eya 1964 "rising-sun", ng’eggyako eyakozesebwa mu 2010 wansi wa Bingu wa Mutharika.[51][52] ===== Okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi (2010–2012).svg|thumb|Bbendera etamanyiddwa eya 2010–2012]] Ku 18 May 2012 Banda yalangirira nti agenda kuggyawo amateeka agalwanyisa obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka.[53] Mu November Minisitule y’ebyamateeka yawa ekiragiro eky’okwewala okukwatibwa ku bantu abakola obufumbo obwo nga balina okukkiriziganya, nga balindirira okwekeneenya kwa Palamenti,[54] naye Kkooti Enkulu yasazaamu ekiragiro ekyo mu February 2016, ng’egamba nti Palamenti yokka ye esobola okusazaamu oba okuggyawo amateeka gano.[55] Newankubadde obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka bukyali mu mateeka, okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu kwongedde; Lilongwe yakuba olugendo lw’abavubuka ba LGBT olwasooka mu Malawi nga 26 June 2021.[56] ===== Enkyukakyuka mu by’enfuna n’ensimbi ===== Mu kugoberera amagezi ga International Monetary Fund (IMF), Banda yateekawo enkola y’okukyusa omuwendo gw’ensimbi, era nga 7 May 2012, yakendeeza omuwendo gwa Malawian kwacha ku bitundu 33 ku buli kikumi okusinziira ku ddoola ya Amerika okusobola okuggyawo akatale akatono akaliwo n’okufunamu obuyambi okuva ebweru.[57] * Obuzibu obw’akaseera akatono: Okukendeeza omuwendo gw’ensimbi wamu n’okuteeka ebbeeyi y’amafuta mu mikono gy’abantu, kyaleetera okweyongera kw’ebbeeyi y’ebintu okutuuka ku bitundu 34 ku buli kikumi era ne kuleeta okwegugunga n’okulaga obutali bumativu mu January 2013.[58] * Okuddamu okuzimba mu kiseera ekya wakati: Ku nkomerero ya 2013, IMF yagamba nti “okuddamu okuzimba kutandise… nga kuyambibwa okwongera okufuna ensimbi eziva ebweru” era nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu yatandika okukka.[59] Ekibiina kya Southern African Development Community kyategeka nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu ejja kukendeera okutuuka ku bitundu 19.6 ku buli kikumi mu 2014 ng’omuwendo gw’ensimbi gukutte mu mbeera.[60] * Enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi: U.S. Congressional Research Service yalaga nti abawa obuyambi abasinga abaali basazizzaamu obuyambi bw’ensimbi mu kiseera kya Mutharika baabuzzaayo oluvannyuma lw’enkyukakyuka za Banda, nga mwemuli n’endagaano ya US $350-million eya Millennium Challenge Corporation.[61] Enkyukakyuka zino zaateekebwako mu pulogulaamu ya gavumenti ey’okuddamu okuzimba mu by’enfuna eya 2012–2014, eyateeka enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu katale wamu n’enteekateeka z’okukuuma abantu mu mbeera y’obulamu.[62] ===== Obukadde n’ekyuma kya pulezidenti ===== Okusala ku nsimbi ezikozesebwa mu gavumenti, Banda yasuubiza okukendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30 ku buli kikumi era n’alagira okutunda ekifaananyi kya Dassault Falcon 900EX ekyagulibwa eyamuddirira. Ekifaananyi kino kyatundibwa eri Bohnox Enterprise eyali esangibwa mu British Virgin Islands ku doola za Amerika obukadde 15 mu May 2013.[63] Abakungu ba gavumenti baagamba nti ensimbi zino zaakozesebwa okusasula ebbanja ly’okulwanyisa ne Paramount Group n’okusasula emmere ya kasooli n’eddagala, naye ebibiina by’abantu baawakanya enteekateeka eno era ne basaba ebikwata ku ndagaano.[64] Okutegeeza kwa Parliament’s Public Accounts Committee mu 2021 kwalaga okunoonyereza okuggya ku nsonga eno, newankubadde tewali misango gy’obumenyi bw’amateeka egisimbiddwa mu kkooti.[65] ===== Enkola y’abantu ===== Wadde nga enkola za Banda zaaleeta obwesige mu bawandiisi b’ensimbi n’okufuna ssente z’ebweru, zaaleetawo okulinnya kw’ebbeeyi y’obulamu mu maka agali mu bibuga, ne zikendeeza obuwanguzi bwe mu bantu ng’agenda okulonda kwa 2014. Abanoonyereza bakyalina okwawukanako ku mugaso ogw’ebbanga ddene ogw’okukendeeza ebbeeyi mu 2012, newankubadde IMF ne World Bank balaga nti enkola eno yayamba okuziyiza obuzibu bw’ebyenfuna n’okuteekawo omusingi gw’enkulaakulana empya.[66] ===== Enteekateeka za Pulezidenti ===== Banda alaze obumanyirivu mu kulabirira obulamu bw’abakyala n’eddembe ly’okuzaala, nga asinga okuyita mu kusomesa abakyala ku Malawi. Yalaga obuwagizi bwe ng’atandika Presidential Initiative on Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood. Mu myaka ebiri gyokka, enteekateeka eno yalaga okukendeera kw’omuwendo gw’abakyala abafa nga bazaala okuva ku 675 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa okutuuka ku 460 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa.[67] ===== Bendera ===== Oluvannyuma bendera yakyusibwa mu 2010 gavumenti ya Mutharika, waaliwo okuwakanya okuva mu bantu. Ebibiina bingi byawakanya obutuufu bwa bendera eno. Ku 28 May 2012, Banda yakulembera ababaka ba palamenti okusalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze, eyasooka okuteekebwako mu 1964. Ebibiina byonna, okuggyako DPP, byasalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze.[68] ==== Obulamu oluvannyuma lw’okuba pulezidenti ==== ===== Okuddayo okuva mu buwangwa n’okunoonyereza ku Cashgate (2018) ===== Banda yaddayo e Malawi nga 28 April 2018 oluvannyuma lw’emyaka esatu egy’okweyisa mu buwangwa mu Amerika, gyeyali mukwano omukulu mu Woodrow Wilson Center ne Center for Global Development.[69][70] Newankubadde poliisi yawa ekiragiro kya 2017 okumukwata olw’omusango gwa “Cashgate” ogw’omu 2013, Anti-Corruption Bureau yategeeza mu May 2018 nti okunoonyereza kwali kukyagenda mu maaso era nti Banda teyali akyaliiko musango gw’okusimbibwa mu kkooti.[71] ==== Enkolagana z’ebyokulonda mu 2019–2020 ==== People’s Party yasooka okuteekawo Banda ku kulonda kwa pulezidenti mu 2019, naye nga 15 March 2019 yavaamu n’awagira omuvuganya w’ekibiina ky’obufuzi Lazarus Chakwera.[72][73] Oluvannyuma lwa Kkooti Enkulu okusalawo okuggya ebivudde mu kulonda kwa 2019, Banda yawagira Chakwera mu kulonda okwaddirira mu June 2020 era n’amwebaza mu lujjudde oluvannyuma lw’okuwangula.[74] Mu kabineeti ya Chakwera eyasooka, eyalangirirwa nga 8 July 2020, mwali mutabani wa Banda, Roy Akajuwe Kachale-Banda, ng’omubaka w’ebyobusuubuzi.[75] ==== Okulwanirira n’okuyamba mu nsi yonna (2021–2024) ==== ===== Banda abadde akola ennyo ku nsonga z’ebyobulamu n’enkulaakulana mu nsi yonna. ===== * Mu May 2021 yayingira abakulembeze b’amawanga ne Nobel laureates mu bbaluwa ey’okusaba G7 okukkiriza obutali bw’ensimbi za COVID-19 vaccine era okuddamu okuwangula okulwanyisa AIDS.[76] * Ku 11 March 2023 yali omu ku bantu abasukka mu 200 abasayina People’s Vaccine Alliance “Never Again” statement nga basaba okufuna eby’okulwanyisa ebikwatagana n’obulwadde obw’amaanyi.[77] * Mu February 2023 Banda yafuuka omu ku “grain ambassadors” ba Ukraine, ng’ayamba okuzuula amawanga ga Afrika agasinga okwetaaga emmere ya Ukraine mu kiseera ky’olutalo lwa Russo-Ukrainian War.[78] Okuyita mu Joyce Banda Foundation Trust, yeeyongedde okukola ku by’okukuuma emmere n’okusomesa, nga mwemuli okugabira amaka 500 obusimba bwa kasooli abaakosebwa Cyclone Freddy mu January 2024[79] n’okutandika enteekateeka ya K315 million bursary scheme eri abawala abasoma mu masomero aga secondary mu 2024.[80] ==== Okwesimbawo ku bwa Pulezidenti mu 2025 ==== [[File:Joyce Banda 2025.jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2025]] Ku lunaku lwa 23 June 2025, People’s Party National Executive Committee yakkiriza Banda nga omukwasi w’ekibiina ku bwa Pulezidenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwa 2025. Bwe yalangirira okwesimbawo kwe e Lilongwe, yagamba nti “Malawi eri ku mugga ogw’okusalawo era yeetaaga okulaba empya ekwatiddwa ku kukola kw’abavubuka n’okutumbula abakyala mu by’enfuna.”[81] Okulonda kwe—kweyitibwa “A New Malawi for the Youth Initiatives (A.Ma.Y.I.)”—kulaga obusomesa bw’amasomero ga sekendule obutali bwa kusasula, ebifo by’obulamu eby’okusindikibwa, okukyusa mu by’obuli bw’enguzi n’okutumbula abavubuka mu by’obusuubuzi ng’ebikulu byakyo.[82] Yawangulwa Peter Mutharika. == Joyce Banda Foundation == Ng’akyali tannaba kufuuka omumyuka wa pulezidenti, yali mukulembeze era CEO w’ekitongole ekya Joyce Banda Foundation,[84] ekitongole ekirungi ekikola ku baana n’abafumbo abatalina bazadde mu Malawi okuyita mu masomero. Kiri mu Chimwankhunda area mu Blantyre nga kirimu amasomero ga primary ne secondary. Kirimu n’ekifo ky’okulabirira abaana abatalina bazadde ekirimu ebifo mukaaga n’abaana 600.[85] Era kikola ku byalo ebiriraanye nga kiwa micro-credit eri abakazi 40 n’ebibiina by’abavubuka 10. Kiwa ensigo eri abalimi abasukka mu 10,000 era kiwadde obuyambi obulala. Ekitongole kino kyazimba amalwaliro ana mu byalo 200 bye kisobola okukolako. Era kikola ku nkulaakulana mu byalo. Kirina obukwatagana ne Jack Brewer Foundation, ekitongole ekikola ku nkulaakulana mu nsi yonna ekya NFL star Jack Brewer.[86] == National Association of Business Women == Banda ye mukulembeze w’ekibiina kya National Association of Business Women mu Malawi ekyatandikibwa mu 1990. Kiri mu mateeka ng’ekitongole ekitali kya magoba mu Malawi.[87] Ekibiina kino kirina ekigendererwa okuggyamu abakazi obwavu nga bawanga amaanyi n’okubawa obusobozi mu by’enfuna.[88] Kino kye kibiina ky’abakazi 30,000, ekisanyusa okuwagira bizinensi z’abakazi n’okuyamba abakazi abayagala okwetaba mu bizinensi. Ebikolwa byabwe birimu okutendeka mu bizinensi, okutendeka mu tekinologiya, okukuuma ebyafaayo n’obukugu mu kukulembera.[88] Bakola okuteekateeka okukola emboozi n’abakulembeze abakola amateeka okulaba nga amateeka gabaagaliza abakazi abalina bizinensi.[89] Omukulembeze waakyo kati ye Mary Malunga.[89] Ekitongole kino kibadde n’obukwatagana ne Humanist Institute for Development Cooperation (Hivos) ey’e Netherlands okuva mu 2003.[88] == Philanthropy n’okukulaakulanya ebikolebwa == Banda abadde mu mirimu mingi egy’obusobozi n’abakyala okuva ku myaka 25 okulaba nga wabaawo enkyukakyuka mu mateeka, ddala mu by’enjigiriza. Yatandika Joyce Banda Foundation for Better Education. Yatandika Young Women Leaders Network, National Association of Business Women ne Hunger Project mu Malawi. Ye (nga ali wamu ne Pulezidenti Joaquim Chissano owa Mozambique) yaweebwa ekirabo kya Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger mu 1997 ekitongole ky’e New York ekitali kya gavumenti. Yakozesa ssente z’ekirabo okuzimba ekizimbe kya Joyce Banda foundation for children.[85] Mu 2006, yafuna ekirabo kya International Award for the Health and Dignity of Women olw’okweyisa obulungi ku ddembe ly’abakyala ba Malawi nga bwekikolebwa Americans for United Nations Population Fund.[17] Yaweereza nga commissioner wa "Bridging a World Divided" awamu n’abantu nga Bishop Desmond Tutu, ne United Nations Human Rights Commissioner, Mary Robinson.[8] Banda era yali memba mu Advisory Board for Education mu Washington DC, era mu advisory board ya Federation of World Peace and Love mu Taiwan (China).[8] Mu kiseera ky’okukendeeza ensimbi mu gavumenti mu October 2012, Banda yakendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30%. Era yalangirira nti ennyonyi ya pulezidenti egenda kutundibwa.[90] ==== Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health ==== Mu 2010, Banda yafuuka memba wa Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health,[91] ekibiina ky’abantu kkumi na mukaaga abali mu buyinza n’abakulembeze b’amawanga agasooka, abakozi abakulu n’abalala abakkiriza okutumbula eby’obulamu bw’okuzalira okutuusa ku nkulaakulana ey’olubeerera n’obugagga.[91] Ekikulemberwa omukulembeze w’eggwanga lya Ireland Mary Robinson, abakulembeze bano balaba okukungaanya obuyinza bw’ebyobufuzi n’ensimbi ezetaagisa okufuna obulamu bw’okuzalira eri buli muntu mu 2015 – ekigendererwa ekikulu mu UN Millennium Development Goals.[91] ==== Ebirabo ==== ===== Awaadi z'eggwanga ===== * Woman of the Year, Malawi, 1997 * Woman of the Year, Malawi, 1998 * ''Nyasa Times'' Multimedia "Person of the Year", 2010 ===== Ebikopo by’ensi yonna ===== * Martin Luther King Jr. Drum Major Award, 2012, Washington D.C.[93] * Legends Award for Leadership, 2012, Greater African Methodist Episcopal Church[94] * Women of Substance Award, 2010, African Women Development Fund[95] * Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger, 1997, The Hunger Project, New York[8] * International Award for Entrepreneurship Development, 1998, Africa Federation of Women Entrepreneurs & UN Economic Commission for Africa[8] * 100 Heroines Award, 1998, Rochester, New York[8] * Certificate of Honors, 2001, Federation of World Peace and Love, Taiwan (Republic of China)[8] * Reykjavík Global Forum / Women Political Leaders (WPL) Trailblazer Award, 2020, Iceland[96] ==== Ekitiibwa ==== * ''Forbes'' magazine – World's Most Powerful Women: #40 (2014)<ref name="Forbes14" /> | #47 (2013) | #71 (2012) * ''Forbes'' magazine – Africa's Most Powerful Women: #1 (2012) | #3 (2011) * Included in the "BBC 100 Women" series, October 2014<ref name="bbc100women" /> * Included in "Outstanding Women in Africa" list, 2022, ''New Africa Magazine''<ref name="investigator2022" /> == Laba era == * Malawian Constitutional Crisis 2012 * List of current members of the National Assembly of Malawi == Okusoma okw'okweyongerayo == * Kim Yi Dionne, Boniface Dulani (January 2013). "Constitutional provisions and executive succession: Malawi's 2012 transition in comparative perspective". ''African Affairs''. '''112''' (446): 111–137. doi:10.1093/afraf/ads067. JSTOR&#x20;23357150 qievzukumvir1tg0w51hxgeuczrtz10 75868 75867 2026-10-01T11:08:57Z MEvalyn 9841 Added databox 75868 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q57388}} '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.[1] Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.[2] == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == Joyce Hilda Ntila yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi). Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda. Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27] ==== Ebibiina mu DPP ==== [[File:Joyce Banda Department for International Development photo crop.jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2012]] Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu myaka egyasooka okutuuka ku bukulembeze bwa Banda, Malawi yali mu mbeera embi ey’ebyenfuna olw’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala mu bufuzi bwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Mu mwaka ogwasembayo ogw’obufuzi bwa Mutharika, Bungereza, Amerika, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank ne African Development Bank byonna byaleka okuwa obuyambi bw’ebyensimbi. Baalaga okutya ku bikolwa bya Mutharika ku demokulasiya mu ggwanga n’obukulembeze bwe obwali butandise okubaamu obutabanguko. Mu March 2012, Mutharika yagamba abakungu bano abava ebweru nti “mugende mu hell.” Yabalumiriza okutegeka okuggyawo gavumenti ye.[48] Ekimu ku bizibu bya Banda ng’omukulembeze kyali kuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi. Era yalina ekizibu eky’okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’eggwanga lye erya Malawi nga Mozambique, n’amawanga agali mu kitundu nga Botswana. Mu wiiki esooka ey’obufuzi bwe, Banda yatandika okukola enkolagana empya okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana ya Malawi n’amawanga amalala.[49] Yayogera ne Henry Bellingham ow’ekitongole kya United Kingdom’s Foreign Office. Yamusuubiza nti omubaka omupya owa Bungereza ajja kutumibwa “mu kiseera ekisinga obumpi.” Yayogera ne Secretary of State Hillary Clinton owa Amerika. Clinton yasubiza okuddamu okuteesa ku ssente za $350 million ez’amasannyalaze mu bwangu ddala. Banda yalangirira enteekateeka okwogera ne Baroness Ashton ow’ekitongole kya European Union’s Foreign Affairs office ne Ruby Randall, omukiise wa IMF mu Malawi. Ye ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Michael Sata baali bamaze okuteesa ku kuddamu okukola enkolagana ennungi.[49] Okusanyusa abawa obuyambi, gavumenti ya Banda era yagaana mu June 2012 okutegekera olukiiko lw’African Union mu July kubanga AU yali egambye nti pulezidenti wa Sudan Omar al-Bashir aweebwe obukakafu nti Malawi ejja kwegaana okuweereza ekiragiro kya ICC ekimukwata; Cabinet yasalawo nti embeera zino tezikkirizibwa.[50] Banda yayogerwako Forbes nga omukyala ow’amaanyi asinga obungi mu nsi, erinnya ly’omu Afrika erisinga obunene ku lukalala. === Enkola y'eggwanga === ===== Obubonero bw'eggwanga ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] Mu myezi ebiri nga bamaze okutandika okukulembera, gavumenti ya Banda yateekawo ekiragiro okuddamu okukozesa bendera ya Malawi eyasooka eya 1964 "rising-sun", ng’eggyako eyakozesebwa mu 2010 wansi wa Bingu wa Mutharika.[51][52] ===== Okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi (2010–2012).svg|thumb|Bbendera etamanyiddwa eya 2010–2012]] Ku 18 May 2012 Banda yalangirira nti agenda kuggyawo amateeka agalwanyisa obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka.[53] Mu November Minisitule y’ebyamateeka yawa ekiragiro eky’okwewala okukwatibwa ku bantu abakola obufumbo obwo nga balina okukkiriziganya, nga balindirira okwekeneenya kwa Palamenti,[54] naye Kkooti Enkulu yasazaamu ekiragiro ekyo mu February 2016, ng’egamba nti Palamenti yokka ye esobola okusazaamu oba okuggyawo amateeka gano.[55] Newankubadde obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka bukyali mu mateeka, okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu kwongedde; Lilongwe yakuba olugendo lw’abavubuka ba LGBT olwasooka mu Malawi nga 26 June 2021.[56] ===== Enkyukakyuka mu by’enfuna n’ensimbi ===== Mu kugoberera amagezi ga International Monetary Fund (IMF), Banda yateekawo enkola y’okukyusa omuwendo gw’ensimbi, era nga 7 May 2012, yakendeeza omuwendo gwa Malawian kwacha ku bitundu 33 ku buli kikumi okusinziira ku ddoola ya Amerika okusobola okuggyawo akatale akatono akaliwo n’okufunamu obuyambi okuva ebweru.[57] * Obuzibu obw’akaseera akatono: Okukendeeza omuwendo gw’ensimbi wamu n’okuteeka ebbeeyi y’amafuta mu mikono gy’abantu, kyaleetera okweyongera kw’ebbeeyi y’ebintu okutuuka ku bitundu 34 ku buli kikumi era ne kuleeta okwegugunga n’okulaga obutali bumativu mu January 2013.[58] * Okuddamu okuzimba mu kiseera ekya wakati: Ku nkomerero ya 2013, IMF yagamba nti “okuddamu okuzimba kutandise… nga kuyambibwa okwongera okufuna ensimbi eziva ebweru” era nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu yatandika okukka.[59] Ekibiina kya Southern African Development Community kyategeka nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu ejja kukendeera okutuuka ku bitundu 19.6 ku buli kikumi mu 2014 ng’omuwendo gw’ensimbi gukutte mu mbeera.[60] * Enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi: U.S. Congressional Research Service yalaga nti abawa obuyambi abasinga abaali basazizzaamu obuyambi bw’ensimbi mu kiseera kya Mutharika baabuzzaayo oluvannyuma lw’enkyukakyuka za Banda, nga mwemuli n’endagaano ya US $350-million eya Millennium Challenge Corporation.[61] Enkyukakyuka zino zaateekebwako mu pulogulaamu ya gavumenti ey’okuddamu okuzimba mu by’enfuna eya 2012–2014, eyateeka enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu katale wamu n’enteekateeka z’okukuuma abantu mu mbeera y’obulamu.[62] ===== Obukadde n’ekyuma kya pulezidenti ===== Okusala ku nsimbi ezikozesebwa mu gavumenti, Banda yasuubiza okukendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30 ku buli kikumi era n’alagira okutunda ekifaananyi kya Dassault Falcon 900EX ekyagulibwa eyamuddirira. Ekifaananyi kino kyatundibwa eri Bohnox Enterprise eyali esangibwa mu British Virgin Islands ku doola za Amerika obukadde 15 mu May 2013.[63] Abakungu ba gavumenti baagamba nti ensimbi zino zaakozesebwa okusasula ebbanja ly’okulwanyisa ne Paramount Group n’okusasula emmere ya kasooli n’eddagala, naye ebibiina by’abantu baawakanya enteekateeka eno era ne basaba ebikwata ku ndagaano.[64] Okutegeeza kwa Parliament’s Public Accounts Committee mu 2021 kwalaga okunoonyereza okuggya ku nsonga eno, newankubadde tewali misango gy’obumenyi bw’amateeka egisimbiddwa mu kkooti.[65] ===== Enkola y’abantu ===== Wadde nga enkola za Banda zaaleeta obwesige mu bawandiisi b’ensimbi n’okufuna ssente z’ebweru, zaaleetawo okulinnya kw’ebbeeyi y’obulamu mu maka agali mu bibuga, ne zikendeeza obuwanguzi bwe mu bantu ng’agenda okulonda kwa 2014. Abanoonyereza bakyalina okwawukanako ku mugaso ogw’ebbanga ddene ogw’okukendeeza ebbeeyi mu 2012, newankubadde IMF ne World Bank balaga nti enkola eno yayamba okuziyiza obuzibu bw’ebyenfuna n’okuteekawo omusingi gw’enkulaakulana empya.[66] ===== Enteekateeka za Pulezidenti ===== Banda alaze obumanyirivu mu kulabirira obulamu bw’abakyala n’eddembe ly’okuzaala, nga asinga okuyita mu kusomesa abakyala ku Malawi. Yalaga obuwagizi bwe ng’atandika Presidential Initiative on Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood. Mu myaka ebiri gyokka, enteekateeka eno yalaga okukendeera kw’omuwendo gw’abakyala abafa nga bazaala okuva ku 675 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa okutuuka ku 460 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa.[67] ===== Bendera ===== Oluvannyuma bendera yakyusibwa mu 2010 gavumenti ya Mutharika, waaliwo okuwakanya okuva mu bantu. Ebibiina bingi byawakanya obutuufu bwa bendera eno. Ku 28 May 2012, Banda yakulembera ababaka ba palamenti okusalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze, eyasooka okuteekebwako mu 1964. Ebibiina byonna, okuggyako DPP, byasalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze.[68] ==== Obulamu oluvannyuma lw’okuba pulezidenti ==== ===== Okuddayo okuva mu buwangwa n’okunoonyereza ku Cashgate (2018) ===== Banda yaddayo e Malawi nga 28 April 2018 oluvannyuma lw’emyaka esatu egy’okweyisa mu buwangwa mu Amerika, gyeyali mukwano omukulu mu Woodrow Wilson Center ne Center for Global Development.[69][70] Newankubadde poliisi yawa ekiragiro kya 2017 okumukwata olw’omusango gwa “Cashgate” ogw’omu 2013, Anti-Corruption Bureau yategeeza mu May 2018 nti okunoonyereza kwali kukyagenda mu maaso era nti Banda teyali akyaliiko musango gw’okusimbibwa mu kkooti.[71] ==== Enkolagana z’ebyokulonda mu 2019–2020 ==== People’s Party yasooka okuteekawo Banda ku kulonda kwa pulezidenti mu 2019, naye nga 15 March 2019 yavaamu n’awagira omuvuganya w’ekibiina ky’obufuzi Lazarus Chakwera.[72][73] Oluvannyuma lwa Kkooti Enkulu okusalawo okuggya ebivudde mu kulonda kwa 2019, Banda yawagira Chakwera mu kulonda okwaddirira mu June 2020 era n’amwebaza mu lujjudde oluvannyuma lw’okuwangula.[74] Mu kabineeti ya Chakwera eyasooka, eyalangirirwa nga 8 July 2020, mwali mutabani wa Banda, Roy Akajuwe Kachale-Banda, ng’omubaka w’ebyobusuubuzi.[75] ==== Okulwanirira n’okuyamba mu nsi yonna (2021–2024) ==== ===== Banda abadde akola ennyo ku nsonga z’ebyobulamu n’enkulaakulana mu nsi yonna. ===== * Mu May 2021 yayingira abakulembeze b’amawanga ne Nobel laureates mu bbaluwa ey’okusaba G7 okukkiriza obutali bw’ensimbi za COVID-19 vaccine era okuddamu okuwangula okulwanyisa AIDS.[76] * Ku 11 March 2023 yali omu ku bantu abasukka mu 200 abasayina People’s Vaccine Alliance “Never Again” statement nga basaba okufuna eby’okulwanyisa ebikwatagana n’obulwadde obw’amaanyi.[77] * Mu February 2023 Banda yafuuka omu ku “grain ambassadors” ba Ukraine, ng’ayamba okuzuula amawanga ga Afrika agasinga okwetaaga emmere ya Ukraine mu kiseera ky’olutalo lwa Russo-Ukrainian War.[78] Okuyita mu Joyce Banda Foundation Trust, yeeyongedde okukola ku by’okukuuma emmere n’okusomesa, nga mwemuli okugabira amaka 500 obusimba bwa kasooli abaakosebwa Cyclone Freddy mu January 2024[79] n’okutandika enteekateeka ya K315 million bursary scheme eri abawala abasoma mu masomero aga secondary mu 2024.[80] ==== Okwesimbawo ku bwa Pulezidenti mu 2025 ==== [[File:Joyce Banda 2025.jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2025]] Ku lunaku lwa 23 June 2025, People’s Party National Executive Committee yakkiriza Banda nga omukwasi w’ekibiina ku bwa Pulezidenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwa 2025. Bwe yalangirira okwesimbawo kwe e Lilongwe, yagamba nti “Malawi eri ku mugga ogw’okusalawo era yeetaaga okulaba empya ekwatiddwa ku kukola kw’abavubuka n’okutumbula abakyala mu by’enfuna.”[81] Okulonda kwe—kweyitibwa “A New Malawi for the Youth Initiatives (A.Ma.Y.I.)”—kulaga obusomesa bw’amasomero ga sekendule obutali bwa kusasula, ebifo by’obulamu eby’okusindikibwa, okukyusa mu by’obuli bw’enguzi n’okutumbula abavubuka mu by’obusuubuzi ng’ebikulu byakyo.[82] Yawangulwa Peter Mutharika. == Joyce Banda Foundation == Ng’akyali tannaba kufuuka omumyuka wa pulezidenti, yali mukulembeze era CEO w’ekitongole ekya Joyce Banda Foundation,[84] ekitongole ekirungi ekikola ku baana n’abafumbo abatalina bazadde mu Malawi okuyita mu masomero. Kiri mu Chimwankhunda area mu Blantyre nga kirimu amasomero ga primary ne secondary. Kirimu n’ekifo ky’okulabirira abaana abatalina bazadde ekirimu ebifo mukaaga n’abaana 600.[85] Era kikola ku byalo ebiriraanye nga kiwa micro-credit eri abakazi 40 n’ebibiina by’abavubuka 10. Kiwa ensigo eri abalimi abasukka mu 10,000 era kiwadde obuyambi obulala. Ekitongole kino kyazimba amalwaliro ana mu byalo 200 bye kisobola okukolako. Era kikola ku nkulaakulana mu byalo. Kirina obukwatagana ne Jack Brewer Foundation, ekitongole ekikola ku nkulaakulana mu nsi yonna ekya NFL star Jack Brewer.[86] == National Association of Business Women == Banda ye mukulembeze w’ekibiina kya National Association of Business Women mu Malawi ekyatandikibwa mu 1990. Kiri mu mateeka ng’ekitongole ekitali kya magoba mu Malawi.[87] Ekibiina kino kirina ekigendererwa okuggyamu abakazi obwavu nga bawanga amaanyi n’okubawa obusobozi mu by’enfuna.[88] Kino kye kibiina ky’abakazi 30,000, ekisanyusa okuwagira bizinensi z’abakazi n’okuyamba abakazi abayagala okwetaba mu bizinensi. Ebikolwa byabwe birimu okutendeka mu bizinensi, okutendeka mu tekinologiya, okukuuma ebyafaayo n’obukugu mu kukulembera.[88] Bakola okuteekateeka okukola emboozi n’abakulembeze abakola amateeka okulaba nga amateeka gabaagaliza abakazi abalina bizinensi.[89] Omukulembeze waakyo kati ye Mary Malunga.[89] Ekitongole kino kibadde n’obukwatagana ne Humanist Institute for Development Cooperation (Hivos) ey’e Netherlands okuva mu 2003.[88] == Philanthropy n’okukulaakulanya ebikolebwa == Banda abadde mu mirimu mingi egy’obusobozi n’abakyala okuva ku myaka 25 okulaba nga wabaawo enkyukakyuka mu mateeka, ddala mu by’enjigiriza. Yatandika Joyce Banda Foundation for Better Education. Yatandika Young Women Leaders Network, National Association of Business Women ne Hunger Project mu Malawi. Ye (nga ali wamu ne Pulezidenti Joaquim Chissano owa Mozambique) yaweebwa ekirabo kya Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger mu 1997 ekitongole ky’e New York ekitali kya gavumenti. Yakozesa ssente z’ekirabo okuzimba ekizimbe kya Joyce Banda foundation for children.[85] Mu 2006, yafuna ekirabo kya International Award for the Health and Dignity of Women olw’okweyisa obulungi ku ddembe ly’abakyala ba Malawi nga bwekikolebwa Americans for United Nations Population Fund.[17] Yaweereza nga commissioner wa "Bridging a World Divided" awamu n’abantu nga Bishop Desmond Tutu, ne United Nations Human Rights Commissioner, Mary Robinson.[8] Banda era yali memba mu Advisory Board for Education mu Washington DC, era mu advisory board ya Federation of World Peace and Love mu Taiwan (China).[8] Mu kiseera ky’okukendeeza ensimbi mu gavumenti mu October 2012, Banda yakendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30%. Era yalangirira nti ennyonyi ya pulezidenti egenda kutundibwa.[90] ==== Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health ==== Mu 2010, Banda yafuuka memba wa Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health,[91] ekibiina ky’abantu kkumi na mukaaga abali mu buyinza n’abakulembeze b’amawanga agasooka, abakozi abakulu n’abalala abakkiriza okutumbula eby’obulamu bw’okuzalira okutuusa ku nkulaakulana ey’olubeerera n’obugagga.[91] Ekikulemberwa omukulembeze w’eggwanga lya Ireland Mary Robinson, abakulembeze bano balaba okukungaanya obuyinza bw’ebyobufuzi n’ensimbi ezetaagisa okufuna obulamu bw’okuzalira eri buli muntu mu 2015 – ekigendererwa ekikulu mu UN Millennium Development Goals.[91] ==== Ebirabo ==== ===== Awaadi z'eggwanga ===== * Woman of the Year, Malawi, 1997 * Woman of the Year, Malawi, 1998 * ''Nyasa Times'' Multimedia "Person of the Year", 2010 ===== Ebikopo by’ensi yonna ===== * Martin Luther King Jr. Drum Major Award, 2012, Washington D.C.[93] * Legends Award for Leadership, 2012, Greater African Methodist Episcopal Church[94] * Women of Substance Award, 2010, African Women Development Fund[95] * Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger, 1997, The Hunger Project, New York[8] * International Award for Entrepreneurship Development, 1998, Africa Federation of Women Entrepreneurs & UN Economic Commission for Africa[8] * 100 Heroines Award, 1998, Rochester, New York[8] * Certificate of Honors, 2001, Federation of World Peace and Love, Taiwan (Republic of China)[8] * Reykjavík Global Forum / Women Political Leaders (WPL) Trailblazer Award, 2020, Iceland[96] ==== Ekitiibwa ==== * ''Forbes'' magazine – World's Most Powerful Women: #40 (2014)<ref name="Forbes14" /> | #47 (2013) | #71 (2012) * ''Forbes'' magazine – Africa's Most Powerful Women: #1 (2012) | #3 (2011) * Included in the "BBC 100 Women" series, October 2014<ref name="bbc100women" /> * Included in "Outstanding Women in Africa" list, 2022, ''New Africa Magazine''<ref name="investigator2022" /> == Laba era == * Malawian Constitutional Crisis 2012 * List of current members of the National Assembly of Malawi == Okusoma okw'okweyongerayo == * Kim Yi Dionne, Boniface Dulani (January 2013). "Constitutional provisions and executive succession: Malawi's 2012 transition in comparative perspective". ''African Affairs''. '''112''' (446): 111–137. doi:10.1093/afraf/ads067. JSTOR&#x20;23357150 okfutfuzdzqkaffmaa17lnsy3u95ni3 75869 75868 2026-10-01T11:10:35Z MEvalyn 9841 Added image 75869 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q57388}} '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.[1] Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.[2] == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == [[File:Joyce Banda 2025 (profile).jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2025]] Joyce Hilda Ntila yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi). Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda. Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27] ==== Ebibiina mu DPP ==== [[File:Joyce Banda Department for International Development photo crop.jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2012]] Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu myaka egyasooka okutuuka ku bukulembeze bwa Banda, Malawi yali mu mbeera embi ey’ebyenfuna olw’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala mu bufuzi bwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Mu mwaka ogwasembayo ogw’obufuzi bwa Mutharika, Bungereza, Amerika, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank ne African Development Bank byonna byaleka okuwa obuyambi bw’ebyensimbi. Baalaga okutya ku bikolwa bya Mutharika ku demokulasiya mu ggwanga n’obukulembeze bwe obwali butandise okubaamu obutabanguko. Mu March 2012, Mutharika yagamba abakungu bano abava ebweru nti “mugende mu hell.” Yabalumiriza okutegeka okuggyawo gavumenti ye.[48] Ekimu ku bizibu bya Banda ng’omukulembeze kyali kuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi. Era yalina ekizibu eky’okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’eggwanga lye erya Malawi nga Mozambique, n’amawanga agali mu kitundu nga Botswana. Mu wiiki esooka ey’obufuzi bwe, Banda yatandika okukola enkolagana empya okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana ya Malawi n’amawanga amalala.[49] Yayogera ne Henry Bellingham ow’ekitongole kya United Kingdom’s Foreign Office. Yamusuubiza nti omubaka omupya owa Bungereza ajja kutumibwa “mu kiseera ekisinga obumpi.” Yayogera ne Secretary of State Hillary Clinton owa Amerika. Clinton yasubiza okuddamu okuteesa ku ssente za $350 million ez’amasannyalaze mu bwangu ddala. Banda yalangirira enteekateeka okwogera ne Baroness Ashton ow’ekitongole kya European Union’s Foreign Affairs office ne Ruby Randall, omukiise wa IMF mu Malawi. Ye ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Michael Sata baali bamaze okuteesa ku kuddamu okukola enkolagana ennungi.[49] Okusanyusa abawa obuyambi, gavumenti ya Banda era yagaana mu June 2012 okutegekera olukiiko lw’African Union mu July kubanga AU yali egambye nti pulezidenti wa Sudan Omar al-Bashir aweebwe obukakafu nti Malawi ejja kwegaana okuweereza ekiragiro kya ICC ekimukwata; Cabinet yasalawo nti embeera zino tezikkirizibwa.[50] Banda yayogerwako Forbes nga omukyala ow’amaanyi asinga obungi mu nsi, erinnya ly’omu Afrika erisinga obunene ku lukalala. === Enkola y'eggwanga === ===== Obubonero bw'eggwanga ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] Mu myezi ebiri nga bamaze okutandika okukulembera, gavumenti ya Banda yateekawo ekiragiro okuddamu okukozesa bendera ya Malawi eyasooka eya 1964 "rising-sun", ng’eggyako eyakozesebwa mu 2010 wansi wa Bingu wa Mutharika.[51][52] ===== Okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi (2010–2012).svg|thumb|Bbendera etamanyiddwa eya 2010–2012]] Ku 18 May 2012 Banda yalangirira nti agenda kuggyawo amateeka agalwanyisa obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka.[53] Mu November Minisitule y’ebyamateeka yawa ekiragiro eky’okwewala okukwatibwa ku bantu abakola obufumbo obwo nga balina okukkiriziganya, nga balindirira okwekeneenya kwa Palamenti,[54] naye Kkooti Enkulu yasazaamu ekiragiro ekyo mu February 2016, ng’egamba nti Palamenti yokka ye esobola okusazaamu oba okuggyawo amateeka gano.[55] Newankubadde obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka bukyali mu mateeka, okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu kwongedde; Lilongwe yakuba olugendo lw’abavubuka ba LGBT olwasooka mu Malawi nga 26 June 2021.[56] ===== Enkyukakyuka mu by’enfuna n’ensimbi ===== Mu kugoberera amagezi ga International Monetary Fund (IMF), Banda yateekawo enkola y’okukyusa omuwendo gw’ensimbi, era nga 7 May 2012, yakendeeza omuwendo gwa Malawian kwacha ku bitundu 33 ku buli kikumi okusinziira ku ddoola ya Amerika okusobola okuggyawo akatale akatono akaliwo n’okufunamu obuyambi okuva ebweru.[57] * Obuzibu obw’akaseera akatono: Okukendeeza omuwendo gw’ensimbi wamu n’okuteeka ebbeeyi y’amafuta mu mikono gy’abantu, kyaleetera okweyongera kw’ebbeeyi y’ebintu okutuuka ku bitundu 34 ku buli kikumi era ne kuleeta okwegugunga n’okulaga obutali bumativu mu January 2013.[58] * Okuddamu okuzimba mu kiseera ekya wakati: Ku nkomerero ya 2013, IMF yagamba nti “okuddamu okuzimba kutandise… nga kuyambibwa okwongera okufuna ensimbi eziva ebweru” era nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu yatandika okukka.[59] Ekibiina kya Southern African Development Community kyategeka nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu ejja kukendeera okutuuka ku bitundu 19.6 ku buli kikumi mu 2014 ng’omuwendo gw’ensimbi gukutte mu mbeera.[60] * Enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi: U.S. Congressional Research Service yalaga nti abawa obuyambi abasinga abaali basazizzaamu obuyambi bw’ensimbi mu kiseera kya Mutharika baabuzzaayo oluvannyuma lw’enkyukakyuka za Banda, nga mwemuli n’endagaano ya US $350-million eya Millennium Challenge Corporation.[61] Enkyukakyuka zino zaateekebwako mu pulogulaamu ya gavumenti ey’okuddamu okuzimba mu by’enfuna eya 2012–2014, eyateeka enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu katale wamu n’enteekateeka z’okukuuma abantu mu mbeera y’obulamu.[62] ===== Obukadde n’ekyuma kya pulezidenti ===== Okusala ku nsimbi ezikozesebwa mu gavumenti, Banda yasuubiza okukendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30 ku buli kikumi era n’alagira okutunda ekifaananyi kya Dassault Falcon 900EX ekyagulibwa eyamuddirira. Ekifaananyi kino kyatundibwa eri Bohnox Enterprise eyali esangibwa mu British Virgin Islands ku doola za Amerika obukadde 15 mu May 2013.[63] Abakungu ba gavumenti baagamba nti ensimbi zino zaakozesebwa okusasula ebbanja ly’okulwanyisa ne Paramount Group n’okusasula emmere ya kasooli n’eddagala, naye ebibiina by’abantu baawakanya enteekateeka eno era ne basaba ebikwata ku ndagaano.[64] Okutegeeza kwa Parliament’s Public Accounts Committee mu 2021 kwalaga okunoonyereza okuggya ku nsonga eno, newankubadde tewali misango gy’obumenyi bw’amateeka egisimbiddwa mu kkooti.[65] ===== Enkola y’abantu ===== Wadde nga enkola za Banda zaaleeta obwesige mu bawandiisi b’ensimbi n’okufuna ssente z’ebweru, zaaleetawo okulinnya kw’ebbeeyi y’obulamu mu maka agali mu bibuga, ne zikendeeza obuwanguzi bwe mu bantu ng’agenda okulonda kwa 2014. Abanoonyereza bakyalina okwawukanako ku mugaso ogw’ebbanga ddene ogw’okukendeeza ebbeeyi mu 2012, newankubadde IMF ne World Bank balaga nti enkola eno yayamba okuziyiza obuzibu bw’ebyenfuna n’okuteekawo omusingi gw’enkulaakulana empya.[66] ===== Enteekateeka za Pulezidenti ===== Banda alaze obumanyirivu mu kulabirira obulamu bw’abakyala n’eddembe ly’okuzaala, nga asinga okuyita mu kusomesa abakyala ku Malawi. Yalaga obuwagizi bwe ng’atandika Presidential Initiative on Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood. Mu myaka ebiri gyokka, enteekateeka eno yalaga okukendeera kw’omuwendo gw’abakyala abafa nga bazaala okuva ku 675 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa okutuuka ku 460 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa.[67] ===== Bendera ===== Oluvannyuma bendera yakyusibwa mu 2010 gavumenti ya Mutharika, waaliwo okuwakanya okuva mu bantu. Ebibiina bingi byawakanya obutuufu bwa bendera eno. Ku 28 May 2012, Banda yakulembera ababaka ba palamenti okusalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze, eyasooka okuteekebwako mu 1964. Ebibiina byonna, okuggyako DPP, byasalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze.[68] ==== Obulamu oluvannyuma lw’okuba pulezidenti ==== ===== Okuddayo okuva mu buwangwa n’okunoonyereza ku Cashgate (2018) ===== Banda yaddayo e Malawi nga 28 April 2018 oluvannyuma lw’emyaka esatu egy’okweyisa mu buwangwa mu Amerika, gyeyali mukwano omukulu mu Woodrow Wilson Center ne Center for Global Development.[69][70] Newankubadde poliisi yawa ekiragiro kya 2017 okumukwata olw’omusango gwa “Cashgate” ogw’omu 2013, Anti-Corruption Bureau yategeeza mu May 2018 nti okunoonyereza kwali kukyagenda mu maaso era nti Banda teyali akyaliiko musango gw’okusimbibwa mu kkooti.[71] ==== Enkolagana z’ebyokulonda mu 2019–2020 ==== People’s Party yasooka okuteekawo Banda ku kulonda kwa pulezidenti mu 2019, naye nga 15 March 2019 yavaamu n’awagira omuvuganya w’ekibiina ky’obufuzi Lazarus Chakwera.[72][73] Oluvannyuma lwa Kkooti Enkulu okusalawo okuggya ebivudde mu kulonda kwa 2019, Banda yawagira Chakwera mu kulonda okwaddirira mu June 2020 era n’amwebaza mu lujjudde oluvannyuma lw’okuwangula.[74] Mu kabineeti ya Chakwera eyasooka, eyalangirirwa nga 8 July 2020, mwali mutabani wa Banda, Roy Akajuwe Kachale-Banda, ng’omubaka w’ebyobusuubuzi.[75] ==== Okulwanirira n’okuyamba mu nsi yonna (2021–2024) ==== ===== Banda abadde akola ennyo ku nsonga z’ebyobulamu n’enkulaakulana mu nsi yonna. ===== * Mu May 2021 yayingira abakulembeze b’amawanga ne Nobel laureates mu bbaluwa ey’okusaba G7 okukkiriza obutali bw’ensimbi za COVID-19 vaccine era okuddamu okuwangula okulwanyisa AIDS.[76] * Ku 11 March 2023 yali omu ku bantu abasukka mu 200 abasayina People’s Vaccine Alliance “Never Again” statement nga basaba okufuna eby’okulwanyisa ebikwatagana n’obulwadde obw’amaanyi.[77] * Mu February 2023 Banda yafuuka omu ku “grain ambassadors” ba Ukraine, ng’ayamba okuzuula amawanga ga Afrika agasinga okwetaaga emmere ya Ukraine mu kiseera ky’olutalo lwa Russo-Ukrainian War.[78] Okuyita mu Joyce Banda Foundation Trust, yeeyongedde okukola ku by’okukuuma emmere n’okusomesa, nga mwemuli okugabira amaka 500 obusimba bwa kasooli abaakosebwa Cyclone Freddy mu January 2024[79] n’okutandika enteekateeka ya K315 million bursary scheme eri abawala abasoma mu masomero aga secondary mu 2024.[80] ==== Okwesimbawo ku bwa Pulezidenti mu 2025 ==== [[File:Joyce Banda 2025.jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2025]] Ku lunaku lwa 23 June 2025, People’s Party National Executive Committee yakkiriza Banda nga omukwasi w’ekibiina ku bwa Pulezidenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwa 2025. Bwe yalangirira okwesimbawo kwe e Lilongwe, yagamba nti “Malawi eri ku mugga ogw’okusalawo era yeetaaga okulaba empya ekwatiddwa ku kukola kw’abavubuka n’okutumbula abakyala mu by’enfuna.”[81] Okulonda kwe—kweyitibwa “A New Malawi for the Youth Initiatives (A.Ma.Y.I.)”—kulaga obusomesa bw’amasomero ga sekendule obutali bwa kusasula, ebifo by’obulamu eby’okusindikibwa, okukyusa mu by’obuli bw’enguzi n’okutumbula abavubuka mu by’obusuubuzi ng’ebikulu byakyo.[82] Yawangulwa Peter Mutharika. == Joyce Banda Foundation == Ng’akyali tannaba kufuuka omumyuka wa pulezidenti, yali mukulembeze era CEO w’ekitongole ekya Joyce Banda Foundation,[84] ekitongole ekirungi ekikola ku baana n’abafumbo abatalina bazadde mu Malawi okuyita mu masomero. Kiri mu Chimwankhunda area mu Blantyre nga kirimu amasomero ga primary ne secondary. Kirimu n’ekifo ky’okulabirira abaana abatalina bazadde ekirimu ebifo mukaaga n’abaana 600.[85] Era kikola ku byalo ebiriraanye nga kiwa micro-credit eri abakazi 40 n’ebibiina by’abavubuka 10. Kiwa ensigo eri abalimi abasukka mu 10,000 era kiwadde obuyambi obulala. Ekitongole kino kyazimba amalwaliro ana mu byalo 200 bye kisobola okukolako. Era kikola ku nkulaakulana mu byalo. Kirina obukwatagana ne Jack Brewer Foundation, ekitongole ekikola ku nkulaakulana mu nsi yonna ekya NFL star Jack Brewer.[86] == National Association of Business Women == Banda ye mukulembeze w’ekibiina kya National Association of Business Women mu Malawi ekyatandikibwa mu 1990. Kiri mu mateeka ng’ekitongole ekitali kya magoba mu Malawi.[87] Ekibiina kino kirina ekigendererwa okuggyamu abakazi obwavu nga bawanga amaanyi n’okubawa obusobozi mu by’enfuna.[88] Kino kye kibiina ky’abakazi 30,000, ekisanyusa okuwagira bizinensi z’abakazi n’okuyamba abakazi abayagala okwetaba mu bizinensi. Ebikolwa byabwe birimu okutendeka mu bizinensi, okutendeka mu tekinologiya, okukuuma ebyafaayo n’obukugu mu kukulembera.[88] Bakola okuteekateeka okukola emboozi n’abakulembeze abakola amateeka okulaba nga amateeka gabaagaliza abakazi abalina bizinensi.[89] Omukulembeze waakyo kati ye Mary Malunga.[89] Ekitongole kino kibadde n’obukwatagana ne Humanist Institute for Development Cooperation (Hivos) ey’e Netherlands okuva mu 2003.[88] == Philanthropy n’okukulaakulanya ebikolebwa == Banda abadde mu mirimu mingi egy’obusobozi n’abakyala okuva ku myaka 25 okulaba nga wabaawo enkyukakyuka mu mateeka, ddala mu by’enjigiriza. Yatandika Joyce Banda Foundation for Better Education. Yatandika Young Women Leaders Network, National Association of Business Women ne Hunger Project mu Malawi. Ye (nga ali wamu ne Pulezidenti Joaquim Chissano owa Mozambique) yaweebwa ekirabo kya Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger mu 1997 ekitongole ky’e New York ekitali kya gavumenti. Yakozesa ssente z’ekirabo okuzimba ekizimbe kya Joyce Banda foundation for children.[85] Mu 2006, yafuna ekirabo kya International Award for the Health and Dignity of Women olw’okweyisa obulungi ku ddembe ly’abakyala ba Malawi nga bwekikolebwa Americans for United Nations Population Fund.[17] Yaweereza nga commissioner wa "Bridging a World Divided" awamu n’abantu nga Bishop Desmond Tutu, ne United Nations Human Rights Commissioner, Mary Robinson.[8] Banda era yali memba mu Advisory Board for Education mu Washington DC, era mu advisory board ya Federation of World Peace and Love mu Taiwan (China).[8] Mu kiseera ky’okukendeeza ensimbi mu gavumenti mu October 2012, Banda yakendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30%. Era yalangirira nti ennyonyi ya pulezidenti egenda kutundibwa.[90] ==== Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health ==== Mu 2010, Banda yafuuka memba wa Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health,[91] ekibiina ky’abantu kkumi na mukaaga abali mu buyinza n’abakulembeze b’amawanga agasooka, abakozi abakulu n’abalala abakkiriza okutumbula eby’obulamu bw’okuzalira okutuusa ku nkulaakulana ey’olubeerera n’obugagga.[91] Ekikulemberwa omukulembeze w’eggwanga lya Ireland Mary Robinson, abakulembeze bano balaba okukungaanya obuyinza bw’ebyobufuzi n’ensimbi ezetaagisa okufuna obulamu bw’okuzalira eri buli muntu mu 2015 – ekigendererwa ekikulu mu UN Millennium Development Goals.[91] ==== Ebirabo ==== ===== Awaadi z'eggwanga ===== * Woman of the Year, Malawi, 1997 * Woman of the Year, Malawi, 1998 * ''Nyasa Times'' Multimedia "Person of the Year", 2010 ===== Ebikopo by’ensi yonna ===== * Martin Luther King Jr. Drum Major Award, 2012, Washington D.C.[93] * Legends Award for Leadership, 2012, Greater African Methodist Episcopal Church[94] * Women of Substance Award, 2010, African Women Development Fund[95] * Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger, 1997, The Hunger Project, New York[8] * International Award for Entrepreneurship Development, 1998, Africa Federation of Women Entrepreneurs & UN Economic Commission for Africa[8] * 100 Heroines Award, 1998, Rochester, New York[8] * Certificate of Honors, 2001, Federation of World Peace and Love, Taiwan (Republic of China)[8] * Reykjavík Global Forum / Women Political Leaders (WPL) Trailblazer Award, 2020, Iceland[96] ==== Ekitiibwa ==== * ''Forbes'' magazine – World's Most Powerful Women: #40 (2014)<ref name="Forbes14" /> | #47 (2013) | #71 (2012) * ''Forbes'' magazine – Africa's Most Powerful Women: #1 (2012) | #3 (2011) * Included in the "BBC 100 Women" series, October 2014<ref name="bbc100women" /> * Included in "Outstanding Women in Africa" list, 2022, ''New Africa Magazine''<ref name="investigator2022" /> == Laba era == * Malawian Constitutional Crisis 2012 * List of current members of the National Assembly of Malawi == Okusoma okw'okweyongerayo == * Kim Yi Dionne, Boniface Dulani (January 2013). "Constitutional provisions and executive succession: Malawi's 2012 transition in comparative perspective". ''African Affairs''. '''112''' (446): 111–137. doi:10.1093/afraf/ads067. JSTOR&#x20;23357150 fzi4vehz64tmctbknpibduek4me3sde 75870 75869 2026-10-01T11:13:15Z MEvalyn 9841 Added citation 75870 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q57388}} '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2014-09 |title=Trelleborg qualifies Airbus main landing gear on world's most powerful test bench for hydraulic seals |url=https://doi.org/10.1016/s1350-4789(14)70325-3 |journal=Sealing Technology |volume=2014 |issue=9 |pages=1 |doi=10.1016/s1350-4789(14)70325-3 |issn=1350-4789}}</ref>Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-10-26 |title=Who are the 100 Women 2014? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-29758792 |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == [[File:Joyce Banda 2025 (profile).jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2025]] Joyce Hilda Ntila yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi). Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda. Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27] ==== Ebibiina mu DPP ==== [[File:Joyce Banda Department for International Development photo crop.jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2012]] Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu myaka egyasooka okutuuka ku bukulembeze bwa Banda, Malawi yali mu mbeera embi ey’ebyenfuna olw’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala mu bufuzi bwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Mu mwaka ogwasembayo ogw’obufuzi bwa Mutharika, Bungereza, Amerika, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank ne African Development Bank byonna byaleka okuwa obuyambi bw’ebyensimbi. Baalaga okutya ku bikolwa bya Mutharika ku demokulasiya mu ggwanga n’obukulembeze bwe obwali butandise okubaamu obutabanguko. Mu March 2012, Mutharika yagamba abakungu bano abava ebweru nti “mugende mu hell.” Yabalumiriza okutegeka okuggyawo gavumenti ye.[48] Ekimu ku bizibu bya Banda ng’omukulembeze kyali kuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi. Era yalina ekizibu eky’okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’eggwanga lye erya Malawi nga Mozambique, n’amawanga agali mu kitundu nga Botswana. Mu wiiki esooka ey’obufuzi bwe, Banda yatandika okukola enkolagana empya okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana ya Malawi n’amawanga amalala.[49] Yayogera ne Henry Bellingham ow’ekitongole kya United Kingdom’s Foreign Office. Yamusuubiza nti omubaka omupya owa Bungereza ajja kutumibwa “mu kiseera ekisinga obumpi.” Yayogera ne Secretary of State Hillary Clinton owa Amerika. Clinton yasubiza okuddamu okuteesa ku ssente za $350 million ez’amasannyalaze mu bwangu ddala. Banda yalangirira enteekateeka okwogera ne Baroness Ashton ow’ekitongole kya European Union’s Foreign Affairs office ne Ruby Randall, omukiise wa IMF mu Malawi. Ye ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Michael Sata baali bamaze okuteesa ku kuddamu okukola enkolagana ennungi.[49] Okusanyusa abawa obuyambi, gavumenti ya Banda era yagaana mu June 2012 okutegekera olukiiko lw’African Union mu July kubanga AU yali egambye nti pulezidenti wa Sudan Omar al-Bashir aweebwe obukakafu nti Malawi ejja kwegaana okuweereza ekiragiro kya ICC ekimukwata; Cabinet yasalawo nti embeera zino tezikkirizibwa.[50] Banda yayogerwako Forbes nga omukyala ow’amaanyi asinga obungi mu nsi, erinnya ly’omu Afrika erisinga obunene ku lukalala. === Enkola y'eggwanga === ===== Obubonero bw'eggwanga ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] Mu myezi ebiri nga bamaze okutandika okukulembera, gavumenti ya Banda yateekawo ekiragiro okuddamu okukozesa bendera ya Malawi eyasooka eya 1964 "rising-sun", ng’eggyako eyakozesebwa mu 2010 wansi wa Bingu wa Mutharika.[51][52] ===== Okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi (2010–2012).svg|thumb|Bbendera etamanyiddwa eya 2010–2012]] Ku 18 May 2012 Banda yalangirira nti agenda kuggyawo amateeka agalwanyisa obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka.[53] Mu November Minisitule y’ebyamateeka yawa ekiragiro eky’okwewala okukwatibwa ku bantu abakola obufumbo obwo nga balina okukkiriziganya, nga balindirira okwekeneenya kwa Palamenti,[54] naye Kkooti Enkulu yasazaamu ekiragiro ekyo mu February 2016, ng’egamba nti Palamenti yokka ye esobola okusazaamu oba okuggyawo amateeka gano.[55] Newankubadde obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka bukyali mu mateeka, okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu kwongedde; Lilongwe yakuba olugendo lw’abavubuka ba LGBT olwasooka mu Malawi nga 26 June 2021.[56] ===== Enkyukakyuka mu by’enfuna n’ensimbi ===== Mu kugoberera amagezi ga International Monetary Fund (IMF), Banda yateekawo enkola y’okukyusa omuwendo gw’ensimbi, era nga 7 May 2012, yakendeeza omuwendo gwa Malawian kwacha ku bitundu 33 ku buli kikumi okusinziira ku ddoola ya Amerika okusobola okuggyawo akatale akatono akaliwo n’okufunamu obuyambi okuva ebweru.[57] * Obuzibu obw’akaseera akatono: Okukendeeza omuwendo gw’ensimbi wamu n’okuteeka ebbeeyi y’amafuta mu mikono gy’abantu, kyaleetera okweyongera kw’ebbeeyi y’ebintu okutuuka ku bitundu 34 ku buli kikumi era ne kuleeta okwegugunga n’okulaga obutali bumativu mu January 2013.[58] * Okuddamu okuzimba mu kiseera ekya wakati: Ku nkomerero ya 2013, IMF yagamba nti “okuddamu okuzimba kutandise… nga kuyambibwa okwongera okufuna ensimbi eziva ebweru” era nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu yatandika okukka.[59] Ekibiina kya Southern African Development Community kyategeka nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu ejja kukendeera okutuuka ku bitundu 19.6 ku buli kikumi mu 2014 ng’omuwendo gw’ensimbi gukutte mu mbeera.[60] * Enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi: U.S. Congressional Research Service yalaga nti abawa obuyambi abasinga abaali basazizzaamu obuyambi bw’ensimbi mu kiseera kya Mutharika baabuzzaayo oluvannyuma lw’enkyukakyuka za Banda, nga mwemuli n’endagaano ya US $350-million eya Millennium Challenge Corporation.[61] Enkyukakyuka zino zaateekebwako mu pulogulaamu ya gavumenti ey’okuddamu okuzimba mu by’enfuna eya 2012–2014, eyateeka enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu katale wamu n’enteekateeka z’okukuuma abantu mu mbeera y’obulamu.[62] ===== Obukadde n’ekyuma kya pulezidenti ===== Okusala ku nsimbi ezikozesebwa mu gavumenti, Banda yasuubiza okukendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30 ku buli kikumi era n’alagira okutunda ekifaananyi kya Dassault Falcon 900EX ekyagulibwa eyamuddirira. Ekifaananyi kino kyatundibwa eri Bohnox Enterprise eyali esangibwa mu British Virgin Islands ku doola za Amerika obukadde 15 mu May 2013.[63] Abakungu ba gavumenti baagamba nti ensimbi zino zaakozesebwa okusasula ebbanja ly’okulwanyisa ne Paramount Group n’okusasula emmere ya kasooli n’eddagala, naye ebibiina by’abantu baawakanya enteekateeka eno era ne basaba ebikwata ku ndagaano.[64] Okutegeeza kwa Parliament’s Public Accounts Committee mu 2021 kwalaga okunoonyereza okuggya ku nsonga eno, newankubadde tewali misango gy’obumenyi bw’amateeka egisimbiddwa mu kkooti.[65] ===== Enkola y’abantu ===== Wadde nga enkola za Banda zaaleeta obwesige mu bawandiisi b’ensimbi n’okufuna ssente z’ebweru, zaaleetawo okulinnya kw’ebbeeyi y’obulamu mu maka agali mu bibuga, ne zikendeeza obuwanguzi bwe mu bantu ng’agenda okulonda kwa 2014. Abanoonyereza bakyalina okwawukanako ku mugaso ogw’ebbanga ddene ogw’okukendeeza ebbeeyi mu 2012, newankubadde IMF ne World Bank balaga nti enkola eno yayamba okuziyiza obuzibu bw’ebyenfuna n’okuteekawo omusingi gw’enkulaakulana empya.[66] ===== Enteekateeka za Pulezidenti ===== Banda alaze obumanyirivu mu kulabirira obulamu bw’abakyala n’eddembe ly’okuzaala, nga asinga okuyita mu kusomesa abakyala ku Malawi. Yalaga obuwagizi bwe ng’atandika Presidential Initiative on Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood. Mu myaka ebiri gyokka, enteekateeka eno yalaga okukendeera kw’omuwendo gw’abakyala abafa nga bazaala okuva ku 675 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa okutuuka ku 460 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa.[67] ===== Bendera ===== Oluvannyuma bendera yakyusibwa mu 2010 gavumenti ya Mutharika, waaliwo okuwakanya okuva mu bantu. Ebibiina bingi byawakanya obutuufu bwa bendera eno. Ku 28 May 2012, Banda yakulembera ababaka ba palamenti okusalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze, eyasooka okuteekebwako mu 1964. Ebibiina byonna, okuggyako DPP, byasalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze.[68] ==== Obulamu oluvannyuma lw’okuba pulezidenti ==== ===== Okuddayo okuva mu buwangwa n’okunoonyereza ku Cashgate (2018) ===== Banda yaddayo e Malawi nga 28 April 2018 oluvannyuma lw’emyaka esatu egy’okweyisa mu buwangwa mu Amerika, gyeyali mukwano omukulu mu Woodrow Wilson Center ne Center for Global Development.[69][70] Newankubadde poliisi yawa ekiragiro kya 2017 okumukwata olw’omusango gwa “Cashgate” ogw’omu 2013, Anti-Corruption Bureau yategeeza mu May 2018 nti okunoonyereza kwali kukyagenda mu maaso era nti Banda teyali akyaliiko musango gw’okusimbibwa mu kkooti.[71] ==== Enkolagana z’ebyokulonda mu 2019–2020 ==== People’s Party yasooka okuteekawo Banda ku kulonda kwa pulezidenti mu 2019, naye nga 15 March 2019 yavaamu n’awagira omuvuganya w’ekibiina ky’obufuzi Lazarus Chakwera.[72][73] Oluvannyuma lwa Kkooti Enkulu okusalawo okuggya ebivudde mu kulonda kwa 2019, Banda yawagira Chakwera mu kulonda okwaddirira mu June 2020 era n’amwebaza mu lujjudde oluvannyuma lw’okuwangula.[74] Mu kabineeti ya Chakwera eyasooka, eyalangirirwa nga 8 July 2020, mwali mutabani wa Banda, Roy Akajuwe Kachale-Banda, ng’omubaka w’ebyobusuubuzi.[75] ==== Okulwanirira n’okuyamba mu nsi yonna (2021–2024) ==== ===== Banda abadde akola ennyo ku nsonga z’ebyobulamu n’enkulaakulana mu nsi yonna. ===== * Mu May 2021 yayingira abakulembeze b’amawanga ne Nobel laureates mu bbaluwa ey’okusaba G7 okukkiriza obutali bw’ensimbi za COVID-19 vaccine era okuddamu okuwangula okulwanyisa AIDS.[76] * Ku 11 March 2023 yali omu ku bantu abasukka mu 200 abasayina People’s Vaccine Alliance “Never Again” statement nga basaba okufuna eby’okulwanyisa ebikwatagana n’obulwadde obw’amaanyi.[77] * Mu February 2023 Banda yafuuka omu ku “grain ambassadors” ba Ukraine, ng’ayamba okuzuula amawanga ga Afrika agasinga okwetaaga emmere ya Ukraine mu kiseera ky’olutalo lwa Russo-Ukrainian War.[78] Okuyita mu Joyce Banda Foundation Trust, yeeyongedde okukola ku by’okukuuma emmere n’okusomesa, nga mwemuli okugabira amaka 500 obusimba bwa kasooli abaakosebwa Cyclone Freddy mu January 2024[79] n’okutandika enteekateeka ya K315 million bursary scheme eri abawala abasoma mu masomero aga secondary mu 2024.[80] ==== Okwesimbawo ku bwa Pulezidenti mu 2025 ==== [[File:Joyce Banda 2025.jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2025]] Ku lunaku lwa 23 June 2025, People’s Party National Executive Committee yakkiriza Banda nga omukwasi w’ekibiina ku bwa Pulezidenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwa 2025. Bwe yalangirira okwesimbawo kwe e Lilongwe, yagamba nti “Malawi eri ku mugga ogw’okusalawo era yeetaaga okulaba empya ekwatiddwa ku kukola kw’abavubuka n’okutumbula abakyala mu by’enfuna.”[81] Okulonda kwe—kweyitibwa “A New Malawi for the Youth Initiatives (A.Ma.Y.I.)”—kulaga obusomesa bw’amasomero ga sekendule obutali bwa kusasula, ebifo by’obulamu eby’okusindikibwa, okukyusa mu by’obuli bw’enguzi n’okutumbula abavubuka mu by’obusuubuzi ng’ebikulu byakyo.[82] Yawangulwa Peter Mutharika. == Joyce Banda Foundation == Ng’akyali tannaba kufuuka omumyuka wa pulezidenti, yali mukulembeze era CEO w’ekitongole ekya Joyce Banda Foundation,[84] ekitongole ekirungi ekikola ku baana n’abafumbo abatalina bazadde mu Malawi okuyita mu masomero. Kiri mu Chimwankhunda area mu Blantyre nga kirimu amasomero ga primary ne secondary. Kirimu n’ekifo ky’okulabirira abaana abatalina bazadde ekirimu ebifo mukaaga n’abaana 600.[85] Era kikola ku byalo ebiriraanye nga kiwa micro-credit eri abakazi 40 n’ebibiina by’abavubuka 10. Kiwa ensigo eri abalimi abasukka mu 10,000 era kiwadde obuyambi obulala. Ekitongole kino kyazimba amalwaliro ana mu byalo 200 bye kisobola okukolako. Era kikola ku nkulaakulana mu byalo. Kirina obukwatagana ne Jack Brewer Foundation, ekitongole ekikola ku nkulaakulana mu nsi yonna ekya NFL star Jack Brewer.[86] == National Association of Business Women == Banda ye mukulembeze w’ekibiina kya National Association of Business Women mu Malawi ekyatandikibwa mu 1990. Kiri mu mateeka ng’ekitongole ekitali kya magoba mu Malawi.[87] Ekibiina kino kirina ekigendererwa okuggyamu abakazi obwavu nga bawanga amaanyi n’okubawa obusobozi mu by’enfuna.[88] Kino kye kibiina ky’abakazi 30,000, ekisanyusa okuwagira bizinensi z’abakazi n’okuyamba abakazi abayagala okwetaba mu bizinensi. Ebikolwa byabwe birimu okutendeka mu bizinensi, okutendeka mu tekinologiya, okukuuma ebyafaayo n’obukugu mu kukulembera.[88] Bakola okuteekateeka okukola emboozi n’abakulembeze abakola amateeka okulaba nga amateeka gabaagaliza abakazi abalina bizinensi.[89] Omukulembeze waakyo kati ye Mary Malunga.[89] Ekitongole kino kibadde n’obukwatagana ne Humanist Institute for Development Cooperation (Hivos) ey’e Netherlands okuva mu 2003.[88] == Philanthropy n’okukulaakulanya ebikolebwa == Banda abadde mu mirimu mingi egy’obusobozi n’abakyala okuva ku myaka 25 okulaba nga wabaawo enkyukakyuka mu mateeka, ddala mu by’enjigiriza. Yatandika Joyce Banda Foundation for Better Education. Yatandika Young Women Leaders Network, National Association of Business Women ne Hunger Project mu Malawi. Ye (nga ali wamu ne Pulezidenti Joaquim Chissano owa Mozambique) yaweebwa ekirabo kya Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger mu 1997 ekitongole ky’e New York ekitali kya gavumenti. Yakozesa ssente z’ekirabo okuzimba ekizimbe kya Joyce Banda foundation for children.[85] Mu 2006, yafuna ekirabo kya International Award for the Health and Dignity of Women olw’okweyisa obulungi ku ddembe ly’abakyala ba Malawi nga bwekikolebwa Americans for United Nations Population Fund.[17] Yaweereza nga commissioner wa "Bridging a World Divided" awamu n’abantu nga Bishop Desmond Tutu, ne United Nations Human Rights Commissioner, Mary Robinson.[8] Banda era yali memba mu Advisory Board for Education mu Washington DC, era mu advisory board ya Federation of World Peace and Love mu Taiwan (China).[8] Mu kiseera ky’okukendeeza ensimbi mu gavumenti mu October 2012, Banda yakendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30%. Era yalangirira nti ennyonyi ya pulezidenti egenda kutundibwa.[90] ==== Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health ==== Mu 2010, Banda yafuuka memba wa Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health,[91] ekibiina ky’abantu kkumi na mukaaga abali mu buyinza n’abakulembeze b’amawanga agasooka, abakozi abakulu n’abalala abakkiriza okutumbula eby’obulamu bw’okuzalira okutuusa ku nkulaakulana ey’olubeerera n’obugagga.[91] Ekikulemberwa omukulembeze w’eggwanga lya Ireland Mary Robinson, abakulembeze bano balaba okukungaanya obuyinza bw’ebyobufuzi n’ensimbi ezetaagisa okufuna obulamu bw’okuzalira eri buli muntu mu 2015 – ekigendererwa ekikulu mu UN Millennium Development Goals.[91] ==== Ebirabo ==== ===== Awaadi z'eggwanga ===== * Woman of the Year, Malawi, 1997 * Woman of the Year, Malawi, 1998 * ''Nyasa Times'' Multimedia "Person of the Year", 2010 ===== Ebikopo by’ensi yonna ===== * Martin Luther King Jr. Drum Major Award, 2012, Washington D.C.[93] * Legends Award for Leadership, 2012, Greater African Methodist Episcopal Church[94] * Women of Substance Award, 2010, African Women Development Fund[95] * Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger, 1997, The Hunger Project, New York[8] * International Award for Entrepreneurship Development, 1998, Africa Federation of Women Entrepreneurs & UN Economic Commission for Africa[8] * 100 Heroines Award, 1998, Rochester, New York[8] * Certificate of Honors, 2001, Federation of World Peace and Love, Taiwan (Republic of China)[8] * Reykjavík Global Forum / Women Political Leaders (WPL) Trailblazer Award, 2020, Iceland[96] ==== Ekitiibwa ==== * ''Forbes'' magazine – World's Most Powerful Women: #40 (2014)<ref name="Forbes14" /> | #47 (2013) | #71 (2012) * ''Forbes'' magazine – Africa's Most Powerful Women: #1 (2012) | #3 (2011) * Included in the "BBC 100 Women" series, October 2014<ref name="bbc100women" /> * Included in "Outstanding Women in Africa" list, 2022, ''New Africa Magazine''<ref name="investigator2022" /> == Laba era == * Malawian Constitutional Crisis 2012 * List of current members of the National Assembly of Malawi == Okusoma okw'okweyongerayo == * Kim Yi Dionne, Boniface Dulani (January 2013). "Constitutional provisions and executive succession: Malawi's 2012 transition in comparative perspective". ''African Affairs''. '''112''' (446): 111–137. doi:10.1093/afraf/ads067. JSTOR&#x20;23357150 == Ebyokulabirako == 7w8qr17ont82z1fv3f46l9wajgc7epy 75871 75870 2026-10-01T11:14:02Z MEvalyn 9841 75871 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q57388}} '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-10-26 |title=Who are the 100 Women 2014? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-29758792 |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == [[File:Joyce Banda 2025 (profile).jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2025]] Joyce Hilda Ntila yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi). Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda. Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27] ==== Ebibiina mu DPP ==== [[File:Joyce Banda Department for International Development photo crop.jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2012]] Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu myaka egyasooka okutuuka ku bukulembeze bwa Banda, Malawi yali mu mbeera embi ey’ebyenfuna olw’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala mu bufuzi bwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Mu mwaka ogwasembayo ogw’obufuzi bwa Mutharika, Bungereza, Amerika, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank ne African Development Bank byonna byaleka okuwa obuyambi bw’ebyensimbi. Baalaga okutya ku bikolwa bya Mutharika ku demokulasiya mu ggwanga n’obukulembeze bwe obwali butandise okubaamu obutabanguko. Mu March 2012, Mutharika yagamba abakungu bano abava ebweru nti “mugende mu hell.” Yabalumiriza okutegeka okuggyawo gavumenti ye.[48] Ekimu ku bizibu bya Banda ng’omukulembeze kyali kuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi. Era yalina ekizibu eky’okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’eggwanga lye erya Malawi nga Mozambique, n’amawanga agali mu kitundu nga Botswana. Mu wiiki esooka ey’obufuzi bwe, Banda yatandika okukola enkolagana empya okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana ya Malawi n’amawanga amalala.[49] Yayogera ne Henry Bellingham ow’ekitongole kya United Kingdom’s Foreign Office. Yamusuubiza nti omubaka omupya owa Bungereza ajja kutumibwa “mu kiseera ekisinga obumpi.” Yayogera ne Secretary of State Hillary Clinton owa Amerika. Clinton yasubiza okuddamu okuteesa ku ssente za $350 million ez’amasannyalaze mu bwangu ddala. Banda yalangirira enteekateeka okwogera ne Baroness Ashton ow’ekitongole kya European Union’s Foreign Affairs office ne Ruby Randall, omukiise wa IMF mu Malawi. Ye ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Michael Sata baali bamaze okuteesa ku kuddamu okukola enkolagana ennungi.[49] Okusanyusa abawa obuyambi, gavumenti ya Banda era yagaana mu June 2012 okutegekera olukiiko lw’African Union mu July kubanga AU yali egambye nti pulezidenti wa Sudan Omar al-Bashir aweebwe obukakafu nti Malawi ejja kwegaana okuweereza ekiragiro kya ICC ekimukwata; Cabinet yasalawo nti embeera zino tezikkirizibwa.[50] Banda yayogerwako Forbes nga omukyala ow’amaanyi asinga obungi mu nsi, erinnya ly’omu Afrika erisinga obunene ku lukalala. === Enkola y'eggwanga === ===== Obubonero bw'eggwanga ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] Mu myezi ebiri nga bamaze okutandika okukulembera, gavumenti ya Banda yateekawo ekiragiro okuddamu okukozesa bendera ya Malawi eyasooka eya 1964 "rising-sun", ng’eggyako eyakozesebwa mu 2010 wansi wa Bingu wa Mutharika.[51][52] ===== Okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi (2010–2012).svg|thumb|Bbendera etamanyiddwa eya 2010–2012]] Ku 18 May 2012 Banda yalangirira nti agenda kuggyawo amateeka agalwanyisa obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka.[53] Mu November Minisitule y’ebyamateeka yawa ekiragiro eky’okwewala okukwatibwa ku bantu abakola obufumbo obwo nga balina okukkiriziganya, nga balindirira okwekeneenya kwa Palamenti,[54] naye Kkooti Enkulu yasazaamu ekiragiro ekyo mu February 2016, ng’egamba nti Palamenti yokka ye esobola okusazaamu oba okuggyawo amateeka gano.[55] Newankubadde obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka bukyali mu mateeka, okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu kwongedde; Lilongwe yakuba olugendo lw’abavubuka ba LGBT olwasooka mu Malawi nga 26 June 2021.[56] ===== Enkyukakyuka mu by’enfuna n’ensimbi ===== Mu kugoberera amagezi ga International Monetary Fund (IMF), Banda yateekawo enkola y’okukyusa omuwendo gw’ensimbi, era nga 7 May 2012, yakendeeza omuwendo gwa Malawian kwacha ku bitundu 33 ku buli kikumi okusinziira ku ddoola ya Amerika okusobola okuggyawo akatale akatono akaliwo n’okufunamu obuyambi okuva ebweru.[57] * Obuzibu obw’akaseera akatono: Okukendeeza omuwendo gw’ensimbi wamu n’okuteeka ebbeeyi y’amafuta mu mikono gy’abantu, kyaleetera okweyongera kw’ebbeeyi y’ebintu okutuuka ku bitundu 34 ku buli kikumi era ne kuleeta okwegugunga n’okulaga obutali bumativu mu January 2013.[58] * Okuddamu okuzimba mu kiseera ekya wakati: Ku nkomerero ya 2013, IMF yagamba nti “okuddamu okuzimba kutandise… nga kuyambibwa okwongera okufuna ensimbi eziva ebweru” era nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu yatandika okukka.[59] Ekibiina kya Southern African Development Community kyategeka nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu ejja kukendeera okutuuka ku bitundu 19.6 ku buli kikumi mu 2014 ng’omuwendo gw’ensimbi gukutte mu mbeera.[60] * Enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi: U.S. Congressional Research Service yalaga nti abawa obuyambi abasinga abaali basazizzaamu obuyambi bw’ensimbi mu kiseera kya Mutharika baabuzzaayo oluvannyuma lw’enkyukakyuka za Banda, nga mwemuli n’endagaano ya US $350-million eya Millennium Challenge Corporation.[61] Enkyukakyuka zino zaateekebwako mu pulogulaamu ya gavumenti ey’okuddamu okuzimba mu by’enfuna eya 2012–2014, eyateeka enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu katale wamu n’enteekateeka z’okukuuma abantu mu mbeera y’obulamu.[62] ===== Obukadde n’ekyuma kya pulezidenti ===== Okusala ku nsimbi ezikozesebwa mu gavumenti, Banda yasuubiza okukendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30 ku buli kikumi era n’alagira okutunda ekifaananyi kya Dassault Falcon 900EX ekyagulibwa eyamuddirira. Ekifaananyi kino kyatundibwa eri Bohnox Enterprise eyali esangibwa mu British Virgin Islands ku doola za Amerika obukadde 15 mu May 2013.[63] Abakungu ba gavumenti baagamba nti ensimbi zino zaakozesebwa okusasula ebbanja ly’okulwanyisa ne Paramount Group n’okusasula emmere ya kasooli n’eddagala, naye ebibiina by’abantu baawakanya enteekateeka eno era ne basaba ebikwata ku ndagaano.[64] Okutegeeza kwa Parliament’s Public Accounts Committee mu 2021 kwalaga okunoonyereza okuggya ku nsonga eno, newankubadde tewali misango gy’obumenyi bw’amateeka egisimbiddwa mu kkooti.[65] ===== Enkola y’abantu ===== Wadde nga enkola za Banda zaaleeta obwesige mu bawandiisi b’ensimbi n’okufuna ssente z’ebweru, zaaleetawo okulinnya kw’ebbeeyi y’obulamu mu maka agali mu bibuga, ne zikendeeza obuwanguzi bwe mu bantu ng’agenda okulonda kwa 2014. Abanoonyereza bakyalina okwawukanako ku mugaso ogw’ebbanga ddene ogw’okukendeeza ebbeeyi mu 2012, newankubadde IMF ne World Bank balaga nti enkola eno yayamba okuziyiza obuzibu bw’ebyenfuna n’okuteekawo omusingi gw’enkulaakulana empya.[66] ===== Enteekateeka za Pulezidenti ===== Banda alaze obumanyirivu mu kulabirira obulamu bw’abakyala n’eddembe ly’okuzaala, nga asinga okuyita mu kusomesa abakyala ku Malawi. Yalaga obuwagizi bwe ng’atandika Presidential Initiative on Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood. Mu myaka ebiri gyokka, enteekateeka eno yalaga okukendeera kw’omuwendo gw’abakyala abafa nga bazaala okuva ku 675 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa okutuuka ku 460 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa.[67] ===== Bendera ===== Oluvannyuma bendera yakyusibwa mu 2010 gavumenti ya Mutharika, waaliwo okuwakanya okuva mu bantu. Ebibiina bingi byawakanya obutuufu bwa bendera eno. Ku 28 May 2012, Banda yakulembera ababaka ba palamenti okusalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze, eyasooka okuteekebwako mu 1964. Ebibiina byonna, okuggyako DPP, byasalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze.[68] ==== Obulamu oluvannyuma lw’okuba pulezidenti ==== ===== Okuddayo okuva mu buwangwa n’okunoonyereza ku Cashgate (2018) ===== Banda yaddayo e Malawi nga 28 April 2018 oluvannyuma lw’emyaka esatu egy’okweyisa mu buwangwa mu Amerika, gyeyali mukwano omukulu mu Woodrow Wilson Center ne Center for Global Development.[69][70] Newankubadde poliisi yawa ekiragiro kya 2017 okumukwata olw’omusango gwa “Cashgate” ogw’omu 2013, Anti-Corruption Bureau yategeeza mu May 2018 nti okunoonyereza kwali kukyagenda mu maaso era nti Banda teyali akyaliiko musango gw’okusimbibwa mu kkooti.[71] ==== Enkolagana z’ebyokulonda mu 2019–2020 ==== People’s Party yasooka okuteekawo Banda ku kulonda kwa pulezidenti mu 2019, naye nga 15 March 2019 yavaamu n’awagira omuvuganya w’ekibiina ky’obufuzi Lazarus Chakwera.[72][73] Oluvannyuma lwa Kkooti Enkulu okusalawo okuggya ebivudde mu kulonda kwa 2019, Banda yawagira Chakwera mu kulonda okwaddirira mu June 2020 era n’amwebaza mu lujjudde oluvannyuma lw’okuwangula.[74] Mu kabineeti ya Chakwera eyasooka, eyalangirirwa nga 8 July 2020, mwali mutabani wa Banda, Roy Akajuwe Kachale-Banda, ng’omubaka w’ebyobusuubuzi.[75] ==== Okulwanirira n’okuyamba mu nsi yonna (2021–2024) ==== ===== Banda abadde akola ennyo ku nsonga z’ebyobulamu n’enkulaakulana mu nsi yonna. ===== * Mu May 2021 yayingira abakulembeze b’amawanga ne Nobel laureates mu bbaluwa ey’okusaba G7 okukkiriza obutali bw’ensimbi za COVID-19 vaccine era okuddamu okuwangula okulwanyisa AIDS.[76] * Ku 11 March 2023 yali omu ku bantu abasukka mu 200 abasayina People’s Vaccine Alliance “Never Again” statement nga basaba okufuna eby’okulwanyisa ebikwatagana n’obulwadde obw’amaanyi.[77] * Mu February 2023 Banda yafuuka omu ku “grain ambassadors” ba Ukraine, ng’ayamba okuzuula amawanga ga Afrika agasinga okwetaaga emmere ya Ukraine mu kiseera ky’olutalo lwa Russo-Ukrainian War.[78] Okuyita mu Joyce Banda Foundation Trust, yeeyongedde okukola ku by’okukuuma emmere n’okusomesa, nga mwemuli okugabira amaka 500 obusimba bwa kasooli abaakosebwa Cyclone Freddy mu January 2024[79] n’okutandika enteekateeka ya K315 million bursary scheme eri abawala abasoma mu masomero aga secondary mu 2024.[80] ==== Okwesimbawo ku bwa Pulezidenti mu 2025 ==== [[File:Joyce Banda 2025.jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2025]] Ku lunaku lwa 23 June 2025, People’s Party National Executive Committee yakkiriza Banda nga omukwasi w’ekibiina ku bwa Pulezidenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwa 2025. Bwe yalangirira okwesimbawo kwe e Lilongwe, yagamba nti “Malawi eri ku mugga ogw’okusalawo era yeetaaga okulaba empya ekwatiddwa ku kukola kw’abavubuka n’okutumbula abakyala mu by’enfuna.”[81] Okulonda kwe—kweyitibwa “A New Malawi for the Youth Initiatives (A.Ma.Y.I.)”—kulaga obusomesa bw’amasomero ga sekendule obutali bwa kusasula, ebifo by’obulamu eby’okusindikibwa, okukyusa mu by’obuli bw’enguzi n’okutumbula abavubuka mu by’obusuubuzi ng’ebikulu byakyo.[82] Yawangulwa Peter Mutharika. == Joyce Banda Foundation == Ng’akyali tannaba kufuuka omumyuka wa pulezidenti, yali mukulembeze era CEO w’ekitongole ekya Joyce Banda Foundation,[84] ekitongole ekirungi ekikola ku baana n’abafumbo abatalina bazadde mu Malawi okuyita mu masomero. Kiri mu Chimwankhunda area mu Blantyre nga kirimu amasomero ga primary ne secondary. Kirimu n’ekifo ky’okulabirira abaana abatalina bazadde ekirimu ebifo mukaaga n’abaana 600.[85] Era kikola ku byalo ebiriraanye nga kiwa micro-credit eri abakazi 40 n’ebibiina by’abavubuka 10. Kiwa ensigo eri abalimi abasukka mu 10,000 era kiwadde obuyambi obulala. Ekitongole kino kyazimba amalwaliro ana mu byalo 200 bye kisobola okukolako. Era kikola ku nkulaakulana mu byalo. Kirina obukwatagana ne Jack Brewer Foundation, ekitongole ekikola ku nkulaakulana mu nsi yonna ekya NFL star Jack Brewer.[86] == National Association of Business Women == Banda ye mukulembeze w’ekibiina kya National Association of Business Women mu Malawi ekyatandikibwa mu 1990. Kiri mu mateeka ng’ekitongole ekitali kya magoba mu Malawi.[87] Ekibiina kino kirina ekigendererwa okuggyamu abakazi obwavu nga bawanga amaanyi n’okubawa obusobozi mu by’enfuna.[88] Kino kye kibiina ky’abakazi 30,000, ekisanyusa okuwagira bizinensi z’abakazi n’okuyamba abakazi abayagala okwetaba mu bizinensi. Ebikolwa byabwe birimu okutendeka mu bizinensi, okutendeka mu tekinologiya, okukuuma ebyafaayo n’obukugu mu kukulembera.[88] Bakola okuteekateeka okukola emboozi n’abakulembeze abakola amateeka okulaba nga amateeka gabaagaliza abakazi abalina bizinensi.[89] Omukulembeze waakyo kati ye Mary Malunga.[89] Ekitongole kino kibadde n’obukwatagana ne Humanist Institute for Development Cooperation (Hivos) ey’e Netherlands okuva mu 2003.[88] == Philanthropy n’okukulaakulanya ebikolebwa == Banda abadde mu mirimu mingi egy’obusobozi n’abakyala okuva ku myaka 25 okulaba nga wabaawo enkyukakyuka mu mateeka, ddala mu by’enjigiriza. Yatandika Joyce Banda Foundation for Better Education. Yatandika Young Women Leaders Network, National Association of Business Women ne Hunger Project mu Malawi. Ye (nga ali wamu ne Pulezidenti Joaquim Chissano owa Mozambique) yaweebwa ekirabo kya Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger mu 1997 ekitongole ky’e New York ekitali kya gavumenti. Yakozesa ssente z’ekirabo okuzimba ekizimbe kya Joyce Banda foundation for children.[85] Mu 2006, yafuna ekirabo kya International Award for the Health and Dignity of Women olw’okweyisa obulungi ku ddembe ly’abakyala ba Malawi nga bwekikolebwa Americans for United Nations Population Fund.[17] Yaweereza nga commissioner wa "Bridging a World Divided" awamu n’abantu nga Bishop Desmond Tutu, ne United Nations Human Rights Commissioner, Mary Robinson.[8] Banda era yali memba mu Advisory Board for Education mu Washington DC, era mu advisory board ya Federation of World Peace and Love mu Taiwan (China).[8] Mu kiseera ky’okukendeeza ensimbi mu gavumenti mu October 2012, Banda yakendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30%. Era yalangirira nti ennyonyi ya pulezidenti egenda kutundibwa.[90] ==== Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health ==== Mu 2010, Banda yafuuka memba wa Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health,[91] ekibiina ky’abantu kkumi na mukaaga abali mu buyinza n’abakulembeze b’amawanga agasooka, abakozi abakulu n’abalala abakkiriza okutumbula eby’obulamu bw’okuzalira okutuusa ku nkulaakulana ey’olubeerera n’obugagga.[91] Ekikulemberwa omukulembeze w’eggwanga lya Ireland Mary Robinson, abakulembeze bano balaba okukungaanya obuyinza bw’ebyobufuzi n’ensimbi ezetaagisa okufuna obulamu bw’okuzalira eri buli muntu mu 2015 – ekigendererwa ekikulu mu UN Millennium Development Goals.[91] ==== Ebirabo ==== ===== Awaadi z'eggwanga ===== * Woman of the Year, Malawi, 1997 * Woman of the Year, Malawi, 1998 * ''Nyasa Times'' Multimedia "Person of the Year", 2010 ===== Ebikopo by’ensi yonna ===== * Martin Luther King Jr. Drum Major Award, 2012, Washington D.C.[93] * Legends Award for Leadership, 2012, Greater African Methodist Episcopal Church[94] * Women of Substance Award, 2010, African Women Development Fund[95] * Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger, 1997, The Hunger Project, New York[8] * International Award for Entrepreneurship Development, 1998, Africa Federation of Women Entrepreneurs & UN Economic Commission for Africa[8] * 100 Heroines Award, 1998, Rochester, New York[8] * Certificate of Honors, 2001, Federation of World Peace and Love, Taiwan (Republic of China)[8] * Reykjavík Global Forum / Women Political Leaders (WPL) Trailblazer Award, 2020, Iceland[96] ==== Ekitiibwa ==== * ''Forbes'' magazine – World's Most Powerful Women: #40 (2014)<ref name="Forbes14" /> | #47 (2013) | #71 (2012) * ''Forbes'' magazine – Africa's Most Powerful Women: #1 (2012) | #3 (2011) * Included in the "BBC 100 Women" series, October 2014<ref name="bbc100women" /> * Included in "Outstanding Women in Africa" list, 2022, ''New Africa Magazine''<ref name="investigator2022" /> == Laba era == * Malawian Constitutional Crisis 2012 * List of current members of the National Assembly of Malawi == Okusoma okw'okweyongerayo == * Kim Yi Dionne, Boniface Dulani (January 2013). "Constitutional provisions and executive succession: Malawi's 2012 transition in comparative perspective". ''African Affairs''. '''112''' (446): 111–137. doi:10.1093/afraf/ads067. JSTOR&#x20;23357150 == Ebyokulabirako == di57bq6jdh8i016qr73yja5ysqs8fu0 75872 75871 2026-10-01T11:14:41Z MEvalyn 9841 75872 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q57388}} '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burho |first=Moira Forbes, Maggie McGrath, Erin Spencer Sairam, Erika |title=Forbes World’s Most Powerful Women of 2025 |url=https://https//www.forbes.com/lists/power-women/ |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-10-26 |title=Who are the 100 Women 2014? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-29758792 |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == [[File:Joyce Banda 2025 (profile).jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2025]] Joyce Hilda Ntila yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi). Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda. Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27] ==== Ebibiina mu DPP ==== [[File:Joyce Banda Department for International Development photo crop.jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2012]] Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu myaka egyasooka okutuuka ku bukulembeze bwa Banda, Malawi yali mu mbeera embi ey’ebyenfuna olw’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala mu bufuzi bwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Mu mwaka ogwasembayo ogw’obufuzi bwa Mutharika, Bungereza, Amerika, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank ne African Development Bank byonna byaleka okuwa obuyambi bw’ebyensimbi. Baalaga okutya ku bikolwa bya Mutharika ku demokulasiya mu ggwanga n’obukulembeze bwe obwali butandise okubaamu obutabanguko. Mu March 2012, Mutharika yagamba abakungu bano abava ebweru nti “mugende mu hell.” Yabalumiriza okutegeka okuggyawo gavumenti ye.[48] Ekimu ku bizibu bya Banda ng’omukulembeze kyali kuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi. Era yalina ekizibu eky’okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’eggwanga lye erya Malawi nga Mozambique, n’amawanga agali mu kitundu nga Botswana. Mu wiiki esooka ey’obufuzi bwe, Banda yatandika okukola enkolagana empya okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana ya Malawi n’amawanga amalala.[49] Yayogera ne Henry Bellingham ow’ekitongole kya United Kingdom’s Foreign Office. Yamusuubiza nti omubaka omupya owa Bungereza ajja kutumibwa “mu kiseera ekisinga obumpi.” Yayogera ne Secretary of State Hillary Clinton owa Amerika. Clinton yasubiza okuddamu okuteesa ku ssente za $350 million ez’amasannyalaze mu bwangu ddala. Banda yalangirira enteekateeka okwogera ne Baroness Ashton ow’ekitongole kya European Union’s Foreign Affairs office ne Ruby Randall, omukiise wa IMF mu Malawi. Ye ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Michael Sata baali bamaze okuteesa ku kuddamu okukola enkolagana ennungi.[49] Okusanyusa abawa obuyambi, gavumenti ya Banda era yagaana mu June 2012 okutegekera olukiiko lw’African Union mu July kubanga AU yali egambye nti pulezidenti wa Sudan Omar al-Bashir aweebwe obukakafu nti Malawi ejja kwegaana okuweereza ekiragiro kya ICC ekimukwata; Cabinet yasalawo nti embeera zino tezikkirizibwa.[50] Banda yayogerwako Forbes nga omukyala ow’amaanyi asinga obungi mu nsi, erinnya ly’omu Afrika erisinga obunene ku lukalala. === Enkola y'eggwanga === ===== Obubonero bw'eggwanga ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] Mu myezi ebiri nga bamaze okutandika okukulembera, gavumenti ya Banda yateekawo ekiragiro okuddamu okukozesa bendera ya Malawi eyasooka eya 1964 "rising-sun", ng’eggyako eyakozesebwa mu 2010 wansi wa Bingu wa Mutharika.[51][52] ===== Okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi (2010–2012).svg|thumb|Bbendera etamanyiddwa eya 2010–2012]] Ku 18 May 2012 Banda yalangirira nti agenda kuggyawo amateeka agalwanyisa obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka.[53] Mu November Minisitule y’ebyamateeka yawa ekiragiro eky’okwewala okukwatibwa ku bantu abakola obufumbo obwo nga balina okukkiriziganya, nga balindirira okwekeneenya kwa Palamenti,[54] naye Kkooti Enkulu yasazaamu ekiragiro ekyo mu February 2016, ng’egamba nti Palamenti yokka ye esobola okusazaamu oba okuggyawo amateeka gano.[55] Newankubadde obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka bukyali mu mateeka, okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu kwongedde; Lilongwe yakuba olugendo lw’abavubuka ba LGBT olwasooka mu Malawi nga 26 June 2021.[56] ===== Enkyukakyuka mu by’enfuna n’ensimbi ===== Mu kugoberera amagezi ga International Monetary Fund (IMF), Banda yateekawo enkola y’okukyusa omuwendo gw’ensimbi, era nga 7 May 2012, yakendeeza omuwendo gwa Malawian kwacha ku bitundu 33 ku buli kikumi okusinziira ku ddoola ya Amerika okusobola okuggyawo akatale akatono akaliwo n’okufunamu obuyambi okuva ebweru.[57] * Obuzibu obw’akaseera akatono: Okukendeeza omuwendo gw’ensimbi wamu n’okuteeka ebbeeyi y’amafuta mu mikono gy’abantu, kyaleetera okweyongera kw’ebbeeyi y’ebintu okutuuka ku bitundu 34 ku buli kikumi era ne kuleeta okwegugunga n’okulaga obutali bumativu mu January 2013.[58] * Okuddamu okuzimba mu kiseera ekya wakati: Ku nkomerero ya 2013, IMF yagamba nti “okuddamu okuzimba kutandise… nga kuyambibwa okwongera okufuna ensimbi eziva ebweru” era nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu yatandika okukka.[59] Ekibiina kya Southern African Development Community kyategeka nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu ejja kukendeera okutuuka ku bitundu 19.6 ku buli kikumi mu 2014 ng’omuwendo gw’ensimbi gukutte mu mbeera.[60] * Enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi: U.S. Congressional Research Service yalaga nti abawa obuyambi abasinga abaali basazizzaamu obuyambi bw’ensimbi mu kiseera kya Mutharika baabuzzaayo oluvannyuma lw’enkyukakyuka za Banda, nga mwemuli n’endagaano ya US $350-million eya Millennium Challenge Corporation.[61] Enkyukakyuka zino zaateekebwako mu pulogulaamu ya gavumenti ey’okuddamu okuzimba mu by’enfuna eya 2012–2014, eyateeka enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu katale wamu n’enteekateeka z’okukuuma abantu mu mbeera y’obulamu.[62] ===== Obukadde n’ekyuma kya pulezidenti ===== Okusala ku nsimbi ezikozesebwa mu gavumenti, Banda yasuubiza okukendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30 ku buli kikumi era n’alagira okutunda ekifaananyi kya Dassault Falcon 900EX ekyagulibwa eyamuddirira. Ekifaananyi kino kyatundibwa eri Bohnox Enterprise eyali esangibwa mu British Virgin Islands ku doola za Amerika obukadde 15 mu May 2013.[63] Abakungu ba gavumenti baagamba nti ensimbi zino zaakozesebwa okusasula ebbanja ly’okulwanyisa ne Paramount Group n’okusasula emmere ya kasooli n’eddagala, naye ebibiina by’abantu baawakanya enteekateeka eno era ne basaba ebikwata ku ndagaano.[64] Okutegeeza kwa Parliament’s Public Accounts Committee mu 2021 kwalaga okunoonyereza okuggya ku nsonga eno, newankubadde tewali misango gy’obumenyi bw’amateeka egisimbiddwa mu kkooti.[65] ===== Enkola y’abantu ===== Wadde nga enkola za Banda zaaleeta obwesige mu bawandiisi b’ensimbi n’okufuna ssente z’ebweru, zaaleetawo okulinnya kw’ebbeeyi y’obulamu mu maka agali mu bibuga, ne zikendeeza obuwanguzi bwe mu bantu ng’agenda okulonda kwa 2014. Abanoonyereza bakyalina okwawukanako ku mugaso ogw’ebbanga ddene ogw’okukendeeza ebbeeyi mu 2012, newankubadde IMF ne World Bank balaga nti enkola eno yayamba okuziyiza obuzibu bw’ebyenfuna n’okuteekawo omusingi gw’enkulaakulana empya.[66] ===== Enteekateeka za Pulezidenti ===== Banda alaze obumanyirivu mu kulabirira obulamu bw’abakyala n’eddembe ly’okuzaala, nga asinga okuyita mu kusomesa abakyala ku Malawi. Yalaga obuwagizi bwe ng’atandika Presidential Initiative on Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood. Mu myaka ebiri gyokka, enteekateeka eno yalaga okukendeera kw’omuwendo gw’abakyala abafa nga bazaala okuva ku 675 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa okutuuka ku 460 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa.[67] ===== Bendera ===== Oluvannyuma bendera yakyusibwa mu 2010 gavumenti ya Mutharika, waaliwo okuwakanya okuva mu bantu. Ebibiina bingi byawakanya obutuufu bwa bendera eno. Ku 28 May 2012, Banda yakulembera ababaka ba palamenti okusalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze, eyasooka okuteekebwako mu 1964. Ebibiina byonna, okuggyako DPP, byasalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze.[68] ==== Obulamu oluvannyuma lw’okuba pulezidenti ==== ===== Okuddayo okuva mu buwangwa n’okunoonyereza ku Cashgate (2018) ===== Banda yaddayo e Malawi nga 28 April 2018 oluvannyuma lw’emyaka esatu egy’okweyisa mu buwangwa mu Amerika, gyeyali mukwano omukulu mu Woodrow Wilson Center ne Center for Global Development.[69][70] Newankubadde poliisi yawa ekiragiro kya 2017 okumukwata olw’omusango gwa “Cashgate” ogw’omu 2013, Anti-Corruption Bureau yategeeza mu May 2018 nti okunoonyereza kwali kukyagenda mu maaso era nti Banda teyali akyaliiko musango gw’okusimbibwa mu kkooti.[71] ==== Enkolagana z’ebyokulonda mu 2019–2020 ==== People’s Party yasooka okuteekawo Banda ku kulonda kwa pulezidenti mu 2019, naye nga 15 March 2019 yavaamu n’awagira omuvuganya w’ekibiina ky’obufuzi Lazarus Chakwera.[72][73] Oluvannyuma lwa Kkooti Enkulu okusalawo okuggya ebivudde mu kulonda kwa 2019, Banda yawagira Chakwera mu kulonda okwaddirira mu June 2020 era n’amwebaza mu lujjudde oluvannyuma lw’okuwangula.[74] Mu kabineeti ya Chakwera eyasooka, eyalangirirwa nga 8 July 2020, mwali mutabani wa Banda, Roy Akajuwe Kachale-Banda, ng’omubaka w’ebyobusuubuzi.[75] ==== Okulwanirira n’okuyamba mu nsi yonna (2021–2024) ==== ===== Banda abadde akola ennyo ku nsonga z’ebyobulamu n’enkulaakulana mu nsi yonna. ===== * Mu May 2021 yayingira abakulembeze b’amawanga ne Nobel laureates mu bbaluwa ey’okusaba G7 okukkiriza obutali bw’ensimbi za COVID-19 vaccine era okuddamu okuwangula okulwanyisa AIDS.[76] * Ku 11 March 2023 yali omu ku bantu abasukka mu 200 abasayina People’s Vaccine Alliance “Never Again” statement nga basaba okufuna eby’okulwanyisa ebikwatagana n’obulwadde obw’amaanyi.[77] * Mu February 2023 Banda yafuuka omu ku “grain ambassadors” ba Ukraine, ng’ayamba okuzuula amawanga ga Afrika agasinga okwetaaga emmere ya Ukraine mu kiseera ky’olutalo lwa Russo-Ukrainian War.[78] Okuyita mu Joyce Banda Foundation Trust, yeeyongedde okukola ku by’okukuuma emmere n’okusomesa, nga mwemuli okugabira amaka 500 obusimba bwa kasooli abaakosebwa Cyclone Freddy mu January 2024[79] n’okutandika enteekateeka ya K315 million bursary scheme eri abawala abasoma mu masomero aga secondary mu 2024.[80] ==== Okwesimbawo ku bwa Pulezidenti mu 2025 ==== [[File:Joyce Banda 2025.jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2025]] Ku lunaku lwa 23 June 2025, People’s Party National Executive Committee yakkiriza Banda nga omukwasi w’ekibiina ku bwa Pulezidenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwa 2025. Bwe yalangirira okwesimbawo kwe e Lilongwe, yagamba nti “Malawi eri ku mugga ogw’okusalawo era yeetaaga okulaba empya ekwatiddwa ku kukola kw’abavubuka n’okutumbula abakyala mu by’enfuna.”[81] Okulonda kwe—kweyitibwa “A New Malawi for the Youth Initiatives (A.Ma.Y.I.)”—kulaga obusomesa bw’amasomero ga sekendule obutali bwa kusasula, ebifo by’obulamu eby’okusindikibwa, okukyusa mu by’obuli bw’enguzi n’okutumbula abavubuka mu by’obusuubuzi ng’ebikulu byakyo.[82] Yawangulwa Peter Mutharika. == Joyce Banda Foundation == Ng’akyali tannaba kufuuka omumyuka wa pulezidenti, yali mukulembeze era CEO w’ekitongole ekya Joyce Banda Foundation,[84] ekitongole ekirungi ekikola ku baana n’abafumbo abatalina bazadde mu Malawi okuyita mu masomero. Kiri mu Chimwankhunda area mu Blantyre nga kirimu amasomero ga primary ne secondary. Kirimu n’ekifo ky’okulabirira abaana abatalina bazadde ekirimu ebifo mukaaga n’abaana 600.[85] Era kikola ku byalo ebiriraanye nga kiwa micro-credit eri abakazi 40 n’ebibiina by’abavubuka 10. Kiwa ensigo eri abalimi abasukka mu 10,000 era kiwadde obuyambi obulala. Ekitongole kino kyazimba amalwaliro ana mu byalo 200 bye kisobola okukolako. Era kikola ku nkulaakulana mu byalo. Kirina obukwatagana ne Jack Brewer Foundation, ekitongole ekikola ku nkulaakulana mu nsi yonna ekya NFL star Jack Brewer.[86] == National Association of Business Women == Banda ye mukulembeze w’ekibiina kya National Association of Business Women mu Malawi ekyatandikibwa mu 1990. Kiri mu mateeka ng’ekitongole ekitali kya magoba mu Malawi.[87] Ekibiina kino kirina ekigendererwa okuggyamu abakazi obwavu nga bawanga amaanyi n’okubawa obusobozi mu by’enfuna.[88] Kino kye kibiina ky’abakazi 30,000, ekisanyusa okuwagira bizinensi z’abakazi n’okuyamba abakazi abayagala okwetaba mu bizinensi. Ebikolwa byabwe birimu okutendeka mu bizinensi, okutendeka mu tekinologiya, okukuuma ebyafaayo n’obukugu mu kukulembera.[88] Bakola okuteekateeka okukola emboozi n’abakulembeze abakola amateeka okulaba nga amateeka gabaagaliza abakazi abalina bizinensi.[89] Omukulembeze waakyo kati ye Mary Malunga.[89] Ekitongole kino kibadde n’obukwatagana ne Humanist Institute for Development Cooperation (Hivos) ey’e Netherlands okuva mu 2003.[88] == Philanthropy n’okukulaakulanya ebikolebwa == Banda abadde mu mirimu mingi egy’obusobozi n’abakyala okuva ku myaka 25 okulaba nga wabaawo enkyukakyuka mu mateeka, ddala mu by’enjigiriza. Yatandika Joyce Banda Foundation for Better Education. Yatandika Young Women Leaders Network, National Association of Business Women ne Hunger Project mu Malawi. Ye (nga ali wamu ne Pulezidenti Joaquim Chissano owa Mozambique) yaweebwa ekirabo kya Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger mu 1997 ekitongole ky’e New York ekitali kya gavumenti. Yakozesa ssente z’ekirabo okuzimba ekizimbe kya Joyce Banda foundation for children.[85] Mu 2006, yafuna ekirabo kya International Award for the Health and Dignity of Women olw’okweyisa obulungi ku ddembe ly’abakyala ba Malawi nga bwekikolebwa Americans for United Nations Population Fund.[17] Yaweereza nga commissioner wa "Bridging a World Divided" awamu n’abantu nga Bishop Desmond Tutu, ne United Nations Human Rights Commissioner, Mary Robinson.[8] Banda era yali memba mu Advisory Board for Education mu Washington DC, era mu advisory board ya Federation of World Peace and Love mu Taiwan (China).[8] Mu kiseera ky’okukendeeza ensimbi mu gavumenti mu October 2012, Banda yakendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30%. Era yalangirira nti ennyonyi ya pulezidenti egenda kutundibwa.[90] ==== Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health ==== Mu 2010, Banda yafuuka memba wa Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health,[91] ekibiina ky’abantu kkumi na mukaaga abali mu buyinza n’abakulembeze b’amawanga agasooka, abakozi abakulu n’abalala abakkiriza okutumbula eby’obulamu bw’okuzalira okutuusa ku nkulaakulana ey’olubeerera n’obugagga.[91] Ekikulemberwa omukulembeze w’eggwanga lya Ireland Mary Robinson, abakulembeze bano balaba okukungaanya obuyinza bw’ebyobufuzi n’ensimbi ezetaagisa okufuna obulamu bw’okuzalira eri buli muntu mu 2015 – ekigendererwa ekikulu mu UN Millennium Development Goals.[91] ==== Ebirabo ==== ===== Awaadi z'eggwanga ===== * Woman of the Year, Malawi, 1997 * Woman of the Year, Malawi, 1998 * ''Nyasa Times'' Multimedia "Person of the Year", 2010 ===== Ebikopo by’ensi yonna ===== * Martin Luther King Jr. Drum Major Award, 2012, Washington D.C.[93] * Legends Award for Leadership, 2012, Greater African Methodist Episcopal Church[94] * Women of Substance Award, 2010, African Women Development Fund[95] * Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger, 1997, The Hunger Project, New York[8] * International Award for Entrepreneurship Development, 1998, Africa Federation of Women Entrepreneurs & UN Economic Commission for Africa[8] * 100 Heroines Award, 1998, Rochester, New York[8] * Certificate of Honors, 2001, Federation of World Peace and Love, Taiwan (Republic of China)[8] * Reykjavík Global Forum / Women Political Leaders (WPL) Trailblazer Award, 2020, Iceland[96] ==== Ekitiibwa ==== * ''Forbes'' magazine – World's Most Powerful Women: #40 (2014)<ref name="Forbes14" /> | #47 (2013) | #71 (2012) * ''Forbes'' magazine – Africa's Most Powerful Women: #1 (2012) | #3 (2011) * Included in the "BBC 100 Women" series, October 2014<ref name="bbc100women" /> * Included in "Outstanding Women in Africa" list, 2022, ''New Africa Magazine''<ref name="investigator2022" /> == Laba era == * Malawian Constitutional Crisis 2012 * List of current members of the National Assembly of Malawi == Okusoma okw'okweyongerayo == * Kim Yi Dionne, Boniface Dulani (January 2013). "Constitutional provisions and executive succession: Malawi's 2012 transition in comparative perspective". ''African Affairs''. '''112''' (446): 111–137. doi:10.1093/afraf/ads067. JSTOR&#x20;23357150 == Ebyokulabirako == alkl5k6eumnhlfciwjoj0ve1b252idj 75873 75872 2026-10-01T11:19:38Z MEvalyn 9841 Added citations 75873 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q57388}} '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burho |first=Moira Forbes, Maggie McGrath, Erin Spencer Sairam, Erika |title=Forbes World’s Most Powerful Women of 2025 |url=https://https//www.forbes.com/lists/power-women/ |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-10-26 |title=Who are the 100 Women 2014? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-29758792 |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == [[File:Joyce Banda 2025 (profile).jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2025]] Joyce Hilda Ntila<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-04-10 |title=Joyce Banda: Malawi's first female president |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-17662916 |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Malawian President quietly celebrates 62nd birthday {{!}} Malawi news, Malawi - NyasaTimes breaking online news source from Malawi |url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/malawi/2012/04/12/malawian-president-quietly-celebrates-62nd-birthday/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414023610/http://www.nyasatimes.com/malawi/2012/04/12/malawian-president-quietly-celebrates-62nd-birthday/ |archive-date=2012-04-14 |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=www.nyasatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=JB Celebrates Her 62 Birthday In Private {{!}} Malawi Voice |url=http://www.malawivoice.com/2012/04/12/jb-celebrates-her-62-birthday-in-private-67799/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414080836/http://www.malawivoice.com/2012/04/12/jb-celebrates-her-62-birthday-in-private-67799/ |archive-date=2012-04-14 |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=www.malawivoice.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda. Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27] ==== Ebibiina mu DPP ==== [[File:Joyce Banda Department for International Development photo crop.jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2012]] Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu myaka egyasooka okutuuka ku bukulembeze bwa Banda, Malawi yali mu mbeera embi ey’ebyenfuna olw’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala mu bufuzi bwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Mu mwaka ogwasembayo ogw’obufuzi bwa Mutharika, Bungereza, Amerika, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank ne African Development Bank byonna byaleka okuwa obuyambi bw’ebyensimbi. Baalaga okutya ku bikolwa bya Mutharika ku demokulasiya mu ggwanga n’obukulembeze bwe obwali butandise okubaamu obutabanguko. Mu March 2012, Mutharika yagamba abakungu bano abava ebweru nti “mugende mu hell.” Yabalumiriza okutegeka okuggyawo gavumenti ye.[48] Ekimu ku bizibu bya Banda ng’omukulembeze kyali kuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi. Era yalina ekizibu eky’okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’eggwanga lye erya Malawi nga Mozambique, n’amawanga agali mu kitundu nga Botswana. Mu wiiki esooka ey’obufuzi bwe, Banda yatandika okukola enkolagana empya okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana ya Malawi n’amawanga amalala.[49] Yayogera ne Henry Bellingham ow’ekitongole kya United Kingdom’s Foreign Office. Yamusuubiza nti omubaka omupya owa Bungereza ajja kutumibwa “mu kiseera ekisinga obumpi.” Yayogera ne Secretary of State Hillary Clinton owa Amerika. Clinton yasubiza okuddamu okuteesa ku ssente za $350 million ez’amasannyalaze mu bwangu ddala. Banda yalangirira enteekateeka okwogera ne Baroness Ashton ow’ekitongole kya European Union’s Foreign Affairs office ne Ruby Randall, omukiise wa IMF mu Malawi. Ye ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Michael Sata baali bamaze okuteesa ku kuddamu okukola enkolagana ennungi.[49] Okusanyusa abawa obuyambi, gavumenti ya Banda era yagaana mu June 2012 okutegekera olukiiko lw’African Union mu July kubanga AU yali egambye nti pulezidenti wa Sudan Omar al-Bashir aweebwe obukakafu nti Malawi ejja kwegaana okuweereza ekiragiro kya ICC ekimukwata; Cabinet yasalawo nti embeera zino tezikkirizibwa.[50] Banda yayogerwako Forbes nga omukyala ow’amaanyi asinga obungi mu nsi, erinnya ly’omu Afrika erisinga obunene ku lukalala. === Enkola y'eggwanga === ===== Obubonero bw'eggwanga ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] Mu myezi ebiri nga bamaze okutandika okukulembera, gavumenti ya Banda yateekawo ekiragiro okuddamu okukozesa bendera ya Malawi eyasooka eya 1964 "rising-sun", ng’eggyako eyakozesebwa mu 2010 wansi wa Bingu wa Mutharika.[51][52] ===== Okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi (2010–2012).svg|thumb|Bbendera etamanyiddwa eya 2010–2012]] Ku 18 May 2012 Banda yalangirira nti agenda kuggyawo amateeka agalwanyisa obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka.[53] Mu November Minisitule y’ebyamateeka yawa ekiragiro eky’okwewala okukwatibwa ku bantu abakola obufumbo obwo nga balina okukkiriziganya, nga balindirira okwekeneenya kwa Palamenti,[54] naye Kkooti Enkulu yasazaamu ekiragiro ekyo mu February 2016, ng’egamba nti Palamenti yokka ye esobola okusazaamu oba okuggyawo amateeka gano.[55] Newankubadde obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka bukyali mu mateeka, okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu kwongedde; Lilongwe yakuba olugendo lw’abavubuka ba LGBT olwasooka mu Malawi nga 26 June 2021.[56] ===== Enkyukakyuka mu by’enfuna n’ensimbi ===== Mu kugoberera amagezi ga International Monetary Fund (IMF), Banda yateekawo enkola y’okukyusa omuwendo gw’ensimbi, era nga 7 May 2012, yakendeeza omuwendo gwa Malawian kwacha ku bitundu 33 ku buli kikumi okusinziira ku ddoola ya Amerika okusobola okuggyawo akatale akatono akaliwo n’okufunamu obuyambi okuva ebweru.[57] * Obuzibu obw’akaseera akatono: Okukendeeza omuwendo gw’ensimbi wamu n’okuteeka ebbeeyi y’amafuta mu mikono gy’abantu, kyaleetera okweyongera kw’ebbeeyi y’ebintu okutuuka ku bitundu 34 ku buli kikumi era ne kuleeta okwegugunga n’okulaga obutali bumativu mu January 2013.[58] * Okuddamu okuzimba mu kiseera ekya wakati: Ku nkomerero ya 2013, IMF yagamba nti “okuddamu okuzimba kutandise… nga kuyambibwa okwongera okufuna ensimbi eziva ebweru” era nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu yatandika okukka.[59] Ekibiina kya Southern African Development Community kyategeka nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu ejja kukendeera okutuuka ku bitundu 19.6 ku buli kikumi mu 2014 ng’omuwendo gw’ensimbi gukutte mu mbeera.[60] * Enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi: U.S. Congressional Research Service yalaga nti abawa obuyambi abasinga abaali basazizzaamu obuyambi bw’ensimbi mu kiseera kya Mutharika baabuzzaayo oluvannyuma lw’enkyukakyuka za Banda, nga mwemuli n’endagaano ya US $350-million eya Millennium Challenge Corporation.[61] Enkyukakyuka zino zaateekebwako mu pulogulaamu ya gavumenti ey’okuddamu okuzimba mu by’enfuna eya 2012–2014, eyateeka enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu katale wamu n’enteekateeka z’okukuuma abantu mu mbeera y’obulamu.[62] ===== Obukadde n’ekyuma kya pulezidenti ===== Okusala ku nsimbi ezikozesebwa mu gavumenti, Banda yasuubiza okukendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30 ku buli kikumi era n’alagira okutunda ekifaananyi kya Dassault Falcon 900EX ekyagulibwa eyamuddirira. Ekifaananyi kino kyatundibwa eri Bohnox Enterprise eyali esangibwa mu British Virgin Islands ku doola za Amerika obukadde 15 mu May 2013.[63] Abakungu ba gavumenti baagamba nti ensimbi zino zaakozesebwa okusasula ebbanja ly’okulwanyisa ne Paramount Group n’okusasula emmere ya kasooli n’eddagala, naye ebibiina by’abantu baawakanya enteekateeka eno era ne basaba ebikwata ku ndagaano.[64] Okutegeeza kwa Parliament’s Public Accounts Committee mu 2021 kwalaga okunoonyereza okuggya ku nsonga eno, newankubadde tewali misango gy’obumenyi bw’amateeka egisimbiddwa mu kkooti.[65] ===== Enkola y’abantu ===== Wadde nga enkola za Banda zaaleeta obwesige mu bawandiisi b’ensimbi n’okufuna ssente z’ebweru, zaaleetawo okulinnya kw’ebbeeyi y’obulamu mu maka agali mu bibuga, ne zikendeeza obuwanguzi bwe mu bantu ng’agenda okulonda kwa 2014. Abanoonyereza bakyalina okwawukanako ku mugaso ogw’ebbanga ddene ogw’okukendeeza ebbeeyi mu 2012, newankubadde IMF ne World Bank balaga nti enkola eno yayamba okuziyiza obuzibu bw’ebyenfuna n’okuteekawo omusingi gw’enkulaakulana empya.[66] ===== Enteekateeka za Pulezidenti ===== Banda alaze obumanyirivu mu kulabirira obulamu bw’abakyala n’eddembe ly’okuzaala, nga asinga okuyita mu kusomesa abakyala ku Malawi. Yalaga obuwagizi bwe ng’atandika Presidential Initiative on Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood. Mu myaka ebiri gyokka, enteekateeka eno yalaga okukendeera kw’omuwendo gw’abakyala abafa nga bazaala okuva ku 675 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa okutuuka ku 460 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa.[67] ===== Bendera ===== Oluvannyuma bendera yakyusibwa mu 2010 gavumenti ya Mutharika, waaliwo okuwakanya okuva mu bantu. Ebibiina bingi byawakanya obutuufu bwa bendera eno. Ku 28 May 2012, Banda yakulembera ababaka ba palamenti okusalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze, eyasooka okuteekebwako mu 1964. Ebibiina byonna, okuggyako DPP, byasalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze.[68] ==== Obulamu oluvannyuma lw’okuba pulezidenti ==== ===== Okuddayo okuva mu buwangwa n’okunoonyereza ku Cashgate (2018) ===== Banda yaddayo e Malawi nga 28 April 2018 oluvannyuma lw’emyaka esatu egy’okweyisa mu buwangwa mu Amerika, gyeyali mukwano omukulu mu Woodrow Wilson Center ne Center for Global Development.[69][70] Newankubadde poliisi yawa ekiragiro kya 2017 okumukwata olw’omusango gwa “Cashgate” ogw’omu 2013, Anti-Corruption Bureau yategeeza mu May 2018 nti okunoonyereza kwali kukyagenda mu maaso era nti Banda teyali akyaliiko musango gw’okusimbibwa mu kkooti.[71] ==== Enkolagana z’ebyokulonda mu 2019–2020 ==== People’s Party yasooka okuteekawo Banda ku kulonda kwa pulezidenti mu 2019, naye nga 15 March 2019 yavaamu n’awagira omuvuganya w’ekibiina ky’obufuzi Lazarus Chakwera.[72][73] Oluvannyuma lwa Kkooti Enkulu okusalawo okuggya ebivudde mu kulonda kwa 2019, Banda yawagira Chakwera mu kulonda okwaddirira mu June 2020 era n’amwebaza mu lujjudde oluvannyuma lw’okuwangula.[74] Mu kabineeti ya Chakwera eyasooka, eyalangirirwa nga 8 July 2020, mwali mutabani wa Banda, Roy Akajuwe Kachale-Banda, ng’omubaka w’ebyobusuubuzi.[75] ==== Okulwanirira n’okuyamba mu nsi yonna (2021–2024) ==== ===== Banda abadde akola ennyo ku nsonga z’ebyobulamu n’enkulaakulana mu nsi yonna. ===== * Mu May 2021 yayingira abakulembeze b’amawanga ne Nobel laureates mu bbaluwa ey’okusaba G7 okukkiriza obutali bw’ensimbi za COVID-19 vaccine era okuddamu okuwangula okulwanyisa AIDS.[76] * Ku 11 March 2023 yali omu ku bantu abasukka mu 200 abasayina People’s Vaccine Alliance “Never Again” statement nga basaba okufuna eby’okulwanyisa ebikwatagana n’obulwadde obw’amaanyi.[77] * Mu February 2023 Banda yafuuka omu ku “grain ambassadors” ba Ukraine, ng’ayamba okuzuula amawanga ga Afrika agasinga okwetaaga emmere ya Ukraine mu kiseera ky’olutalo lwa Russo-Ukrainian War.[78] Okuyita mu Joyce Banda Foundation Trust, yeeyongedde okukola ku by’okukuuma emmere n’okusomesa, nga mwemuli okugabira amaka 500 obusimba bwa kasooli abaakosebwa Cyclone Freddy mu January 2024[79] n’okutandika enteekateeka ya K315 million bursary scheme eri abawala abasoma mu masomero aga secondary mu 2024.[80] ==== Okwesimbawo ku bwa Pulezidenti mu 2025 ==== [[File:Joyce Banda 2025.jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2025]] Ku lunaku lwa 23 June 2025, People’s Party National Executive Committee yakkiriza Banda nga omukwasi w’ekibiina ku bwa Pulezidenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwa 2025. Bwe yalangirira okwesimbawo kwe e Lilongwe, yagamba nti “Malawi eri ku mugga ogw’okusalawo era yeetaaga okulaba empya ekwatiddwa ku kukola kw’abavubuka n’okutumbula abakyala mu by’enfuna.”[81] Okulonda kwe—kweyitibwa “A New Malawi for the Youth Initiatives (A.Ma.Y.I.)”—kulaga obusomesa bw’amasomero ga sekendule obutali bwa kusasula, ebifo by’obulamu eby’okusindikibwa, okukyusa mu by’obuli bw’enguzi n’okutumbula abavubuka mu by’obusuubuzi ng’ebikulu byakyo.[82] Yawangulwa Peter Mutharika. == Joyce Banda Foundation == Ng’akyali tannaba kufuuka omumyuka wa pulezidenti, yali mukulembeze era CEO w’ekitongole ekya Joyce Banda Foundation,[84] ekitongole ekirungi ekikola ku baana n’abafumbo abatalina bazadde mu Malawi okuyita mu masomero. Kiri mu Chimwankhunda area mu Blantyre nga kirimu amasomero ga primary ne secondary. Kirimu n’ekifo ky’okulabirira abaana abatalina bazadde ekirimu ebifo mukaaga n’abaana 600.[85] Era kikola ku byalo ebiriraanye nga kiwa micro-credit eri abakazi 40 n’ebibiina by’abavubuka 10. Kiwa ensigo eri abalimi abasukka mu 10,000 era kiwadde obuyambi obulala. Ekitongole kino kyazimba amalwaliro ana mu byalo 200 bye kisobola okukolako. Era kikola ku nkulaakulana mu byalo. Kirina obukwatagana ne Jack Brewer Foundation, ekitongole ekikola ku nkulaakulana mu nsi yonna ekya NFL star Jack Brewer.[86] == National Association of Business Women == Banda ye mukulembeze w’ekibiina kya National Association of Business Women mu Malawi ekyatandikibwa mu 1990. Kiri mu mateeka ng’ekitongole ekitali kya magoba mu Malawi.[87] Ekibiina kino kirina ekigendererwa okuggyamu abakazi obwavu nga bawanga amaanyi n’okubawa obusobozi mu by’enfuna.[88] Kino kye kibiina ky’abakazi 30,000, ekisanyusa okuwagira bizinensi z’abakazi n’okuyamba abakazi abayagala okwetaba mu bizinensi. Ebikolwa byabwe birimu okutendeka mu bizinensi, okutendeka mu tekinologiya, okukuuma ebyafaayo n’obukugu mu kukulembera.[88] Bakola okuteekateeka okukola emboozi n’abakulembeze abakola amateeka okulaba nga amateeka gabaagaliza abakazi abalina bizinensi.[89] Omukulembeze waakyo kati ye Mary Malunga.[89] Ekitongole kino kibadde n’obukwatagana ne Humanist Institute for Development Cooperation (Hivos) ey’e Netherlands okuva mu 2003.[88] == Philanthropy n’okukulaakulanya ebikolebwa == Banda abadde mu mirimu mingi egy’obusobozi n’abakyala okuva ku myaka 25 okulaba nga wabaawo enkyukakyuka mu mateeka, ddala mu by’enjigiriza. Yatandika Joyce Banda Foundation for Better Education. Yatandika Young Women Leaders Network, National Association of Business Women ne Hunger Project mu Malawi. Ye (nga ali wamu ne Pulezidenti Joaquim Chissano owa Mozambique) yaweebwa ekirabo kya Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger mu 1997 ekitongole ky’e New York ekitali kya gavumenti. Yakozesa ssente z’ekirabo okuzimba ekizimbe kya Joyce Banda foundation for children.[85] Mu 2006, yafuna ekirabo kya International Award for the Health and Dignity of Women olw’okweyisa obulungi ku ddembe ly’abakyala ba Malawi nga bwekikolebwa Americans for United Nations Population Fund.[17] Yaweereza nga commissioner wa "Bridging a World Divided" awamu n’abantu nga Bishop Desmond Tutu, ne United Nations Human Rights Commissioner, Mary Robinson.[8] Banda era yali memba mu Advisory Board for Education mu Washington DC, era mu advisory board ya Federation of World Peace and Love mu Taiwan (China).[8] Mu kiseera ky’okukendeeza ensimbi mu gavumenti mu October 2012, Banda yakendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30%. Era yalangirira nti ennyonyi ya pulezidenti egenda kutundibwa.[90] ==== Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health ==== Mu 2010, Banda yafuuka memba wa Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health,[91] ekibiina ky’abantu kkumi na mukaaga abali mu buyinza n’abakulembeze b’amawanga agasooka, abakozi abakulu n’abalala abakkiriza okutumbula eby’obulamu bw’okuzalira okutuusa ku nkulaakulana ey’olubeerera n’obugagga.[91] Ekikulemberwa omukulembeze w’eggwanga lya Ireland Mary Robinson, abakulembeze bano balaba okukungaanya obuyinza bw’ebyobufuzi n’ensimbi ezetaagisa okufuna obulamu bw’okuzalira eri buli muntu mu 2015 – ekigendererwa ekikulu mu UN Millennium Development Goals.[91] ==== Ebirabo ==== ===== Awaadi z'eggwanga ===== * Woman of the Year, Malawi, 1997 * Woman of the Year, Malawi, 1998 * ''Nyasa Times'' Multimedia "Person of the Year", 2010 ===== Ebikopo by’ensi yonna ===== * Martin Luther King Jr. Drum Major Award, 2012, Washington D.C.[93] * Legends Award for Leadership, 2012, Greater African Methodist Episcopal Church[94] * Women of Substance Award, 2010, African Women Development Fund[95] * Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger, 1997, The Hunger Project, New York[8] * International Award for Entrepreneurship Development, 1998, Africa Federation of Women Entrepreneurs & UN Economic Commission for Africa[8] * 100 Heroines Award, 1998, Rochester, New York[8] * Certificate of Honors, 2001, Federation of World Peace and Love, Taiwan (Republic of China)[8] * Reykjavík Global Forum / Women Political Leaders (WPL) Trailblazer Award, 2020, Iceland[96] ==== Ekitiibwa ==== * ''Forbes'' magazine – World's Most Powerful Women: #40 (2014)<ref name="Forbes14" /> | #47 (2013) | #71 (2012) * ''Forbes'' magazine – Africa's Most Powerful Women: #1 (2012) | #3 (2011) * Included in the "BBC 100 Women" series, October 2014<ref name="bbc100women" /> * Included in "Outstanding Women in Africa" list, 2022, ''New Africa Magazine''<ref name="investigator2022" /> == Laba era == * Malawian Constitutional Crisis 2012 * List of current members of the National Assembly of Malawi == Okusoma okw'okweyongerayo == * Kim Yi Dionne, Boniface Dulani (January 2013). "Constitutional provisions and executive succession: Malawi's 2012 transition in comparative perspective". ''African Affairs''. '''112''' (446): 111–137. doi:10.1093/afraf/ads067. JSTOR&#x20;23357150 == Ebyokulabirako == dxywbudt31zvsx82odii6tnfgkci1dw 75874 75873 2026-10-01T11:23:41Z MEvalyn 9841 75874 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q57388}} '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burho |first=Moira Forbes, Maggie McGrath, Erin Spencer Sairam, Erika |title=Forbes World’s Most Powerful Women of 2025 |url=https://https//www.forbes.com/lists/power-women/ |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-10-26 |title=Who are the 100 Women 2014? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-29758792 |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == [[File:Joyce Banda 2025 (profile).jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2025]] Joyce Hilda Ntila<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-04-10 |title=Joyce Banda: Malawi's first female president |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-17662916 |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Malawian President quietly celebrates 62nd birthday {{!}} Malawi news, Malawi - NyasaTimes breaking online news source from Malawi |url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/malawi/2012/04/12/malawian-president-quietly-celebrates-62nd-birthday/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414023610/http://www.nyasatimes.com/malawi/2012/04/12/malawian-president-quietly-celebrates-62nd-birthday/ |archive-date=2012-04-14 |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=www.nyasatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=JB Celebrates Her 62 Birthday In Private {{!}} Malawi Voice |url=http://www.malawivoice.com/2012/04/12/jb-celebrates-her-62-birthday-in-private-67799/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414080836/http://www.malawivoice.com/2012/04/12/jb-celebrates-her-62-birthday-in-private-67799/ |archive-date=2012-04-14 |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=www.malawivoice.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School. Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-04-06 |title=Joyce Banda poised for Malawi presidency |url=https://capitalfm.africa/joyce-banda-poised-for-malawi-presidency/ |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Capital FM Kenya |language=en-US}}</ref> Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27] ==== Ebibiina mu DPP ==== [[File:Joyce Banda Department for International Development photo crop.jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2012]] Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu myaka egyasooka okutuuka ku bukulembeze bwa Banda, Malawi yali mu mbeera embi ey’ebyenfuna olw’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala mu bufuzi bwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Mu mwaka ogwasembayo ogw’obufuzi bwa Mutharika, Bungereza, Amerika, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank ne African Development Bank byonna byaleka okuwa obuyambi bw’ebyensimbi. Baalaga okutya ku bikolwa bya Mutharika ku demokulasiya mu ggwanga n’obukulembeze bwe obwali butandise okubaamu obutabanguko. Mu March 2012, Mutharika yagamba abakungu bano abava ebweru nti “mugende mu hell.” Yabalumiriza okutegeka okuggyawo gavumenti ye.[48] Ekimu ku bizibu bya Banda ng’omukulembeze kyali kuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi. Era yalina ekizibu eky’okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’eggwanga lye erya Malawi nga Mozambique, n’amawanga agali mu kitundu nga Botswana. Mu wiiki esooka ey’obufuzi bwe, Banda yatandika okukola enkolagana empya okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana ya Malawi n’amawanga amalala.[49] Yayogera ne Henry Bellingham ow’ekitongole kya United Kingdom’s Foreign Office. Yamusuubiza nti omubaka omupya owa Bungereza ajja kutumibwa “mu kiseera ekisinga obumpi.” Yayogera ne Secretary of State Hillary Clinton owa Amerika. Clinton yasubiza okuddamu okuteesa ku ssente za $350 million ez’amasannyalaze mu bwangu ddala. Banda yalangirira enteekateeka okwogera ne Baroness Ashton ow’ekitongole kya European Union’s Foreign Affairs office ne Ruby Randall, omukiise wa IMF mu Malawi. Ye ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Michael Sata baali bamaze okuteesa ku kuddamu okukola enkolagana ennungi.[49] Okusanyusa abawa obuyambi, gavumenti ya Banda era yagaana mu June 2012 okutegekera olukiiko lw’African Union mu July kubanga AU yali egambye nti pulezidenti wa Sudan Omar al-Bashir aweebwe obukakafu nti Malawi ejja kwegaana okuweereza ekiragiro kya ICC ekimukwata; Cabinet yasalawo nti embeera zino tezikkirizibwa.[50] Banda yayogerwako Forbes nga omukyala ow’amaanyi asinga obungi mu nsi, erinnya ly’omu Afrika erisinga obunene ku lukalala. === Enkola y'eggwanga === ===== Obubonero bw'eggwanga ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] Mu myezi ebiri nga bamaze okutandika okukulembera, gavumenti ya Banda yateekawo ekiragiro okuddamu okukozesa bendera ya Malawi eyasooka eya 1964 "rising-sun", ng’eggyako eyakozesebwa mu 2010 wansi wa Bingu wa Mutharika.[51][52] ===== Okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi (2010–2012).svg|thumb|Bbendera etamanyiddwa eya 2010–2012]] Ku 18 May 2012 Banda yalangirira nti agenda kuggyawo amateeka agalwanyisa obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka.[53] Mu November Minisitule y’ebyamateeka yawa ekiragiro eky’okwewala okukwatibwa ku bantu abakola obufumbo obwo nga balina okukkiriziganya, nga balindirira okwekeneenya kwa Palamenti,[54] naye Kkooti Enkulu yasazaamu ekiragiro ekyo mu February 2016, ng’egamba nti Palamenti yokka ye esobola okusazaamu oba okuggyawo amateeka gano.[55] Newankubadde obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka bukyali mu mateeka, okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu kwongedde; Lilongwe yakuba olugendo lw’abavubuka ba LGBT olwasooka mu Malawi nga 26 June 2021.[56] ===== Enkyukakyuka mu by’enfuna n’ensimbi ===== Mu kugoberera amagezi ga International Monetary Fund (IMF), Banda yateekawo enkola y’okukyusa omuwendo gw’ensimbi, era nga 7 May 2012, yakendeeza omuwendo gwa Malawian kwacha ku bitundu 33 ku buli kikumi okusinziira ku ddoola ya Amerika okusobola okuggyawo akatale akatono akaliwo n’okufunamu obuyambi okuva ebweru.[57] * Obuzibu obw’akaseera akatono: Okukendeeza omuwendo gw’ensimbi wamu n’okuteeka ebbeeyi y’amafuta mu mikono gy’abantu, kyaleetera okweyongera kw’ebbeeyi y’ebintu okutuuka ku bitundu 34 ku buli kikumi era ne kuleeta okwegugunga n’okulaga obutali bumativu mu January 2013.[58] * Okuddamu okuzimba mu kiseera ekya wakati: Ku nkomerero ya 2013, IMF yagamba nti “okuddamu okuzimba kutandise… nga kuyambibwa okwongera okufuna ensimbi eziva ebweru” era nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu yatandika okukka.[59] Ekibiina kya Southern African Development Community kyategeka nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu ejja kukendeera okutuuka ku bitundu 19.6 ku buli kikumi mu 2014 ng’omuwendo gw’ensimbi gukutte mu mbeera.[60] * Enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi: U.S. Congressional Research Service yalaga nti abawa obuyambi abasinga abaali basazizzaamu obuyambi bw’ensimbi mu kiseera kya Mutharika baabuzzaayo oluvannyuma lw’enkyukakyuka za Banda, nga mwemuli n’endagaano ya US $350-million eya Millennium Challenge Corporation.[61] Enkyukakyuka zino zaateekebwako mu pulogulaamu ya gavumenti ey’okuddamu okuzimba mu by’enfuna eya 2012–2014, eyateeka enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu katale wamu n’enteekateeka z’okukuuma abantu mu mbeera y’obulamu.[62] ===== Obukadde n’ekyuma kya pulezidenti ===== Okusala ku nsimbi ezikozesebwa mu gavumenti, Banda yasuubiza okukendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30 ku buli kikumi era n’alagira okutunda ekifaananyi kya Dassault Falcon 900EX ekyagulibwa eyamuddirira. Ekifaananyi kino kyatundibwa eri Bohnox Enterprise eyali esangibwa mu British Virgin Islands ku doola za Amerika obukadde 15 mu May 2013.[63] Abakungu ba gavumenti baagamba nti ensimbi zino zaakozesebwa okusasula ebbanja ly’okulwanyisa ne Paramount Group n’okusasula emmere ya kasooli n’eddagala, naye ebibiina by’abantu baawakanya enteekateeka eno era ne basaba ebikwata ku ndagaano.[64] Okutegeeza kwa Parliament’s Public Accounts Committee mu 2021 kwalaga okunoonyereza okuggya ku nsonga eno, newankubadde tewali misango gy’obumenyi bw’amateeka egisimbiddwa mu kkooti.[65] ===== Enkola y’abantu ===== Wadde nga enkola za Banda zaaleeta obwesige mu bawandiisi b’ensimbi n’okufuna ssente z’ebweru, zaaleetawo okulinnya kw’ebbeeyi y’obulamu mu maka agali mu bibuga, ne zikendeeza obuwanguzi bwe mu bantu ng’agenda okulonda kwa 2014. Abanoonyereza bakyalina okwawukanako ku mugaso ogw’ebbanga ddene ogw’okukendeeza ebbeeyi mu 2012, newankubadde IMF ne World Bank balaga nti enkola eno yayamba okuziyiza obuzibu bw’ebyenfuna n’okuteekawo omusingi gw’enkulaakulana empya.[66] ===== Enteekateeka za Pulezidenti ===== Banda alaze obumanyirivu mu kulabirira obulamu bw’abakyala n’eddembe ly’okuzaala, nga asinga okuyita mu kusomesa abakyala ku Malawi. Yalaga obuwagizi bwe ng’atandika Presidential Initiative on Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood. Mu myaka ebiri gyokka, enteekateeka eno yalaga okukendeera kw’omuwendo gw’abakyala abafa nga bazaala okuva ku 675 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa okutuuka ku 460 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa.[67] ===== Bendera ===== Oluvannyuma bendera yakyusibwa mu 2010 gavumenti ya Mutharika, waaliwo okuwakanya okuva mu bantu. Ebibiina bingi byawakanya obutuufu bwa bendera eno. Ku 28 May 2012, Banda yakulembera ababaka ba palamenti okusalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze, eyasooka okuteekebwako mu 1964. Ebibiina byonna, okuggyako DPP, byasalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze.[68] ==== Obulamu oluvannyuma lw’okuba pulezidenti ==== ===== Okuddayo okuva mu buwangwa n’okunoonyereza ku Cashgate (2018) ===== Banda yaddayo e Malawi nga 28 April 2018 oluvannyuma lw’emyaka esatu egy’okweyisa mu buwangwa mu Amerika, gyeyali mukwano omukulu mu Woodrow Wilson Center ne Center for Global Development.[69][70] Newankubadde poliisi yawa ekiragiro kya 2017 okumukwata olw’omusango gwa “Cashgate” ogw’omu 2013, Anti-Corruption Bureau yategeeza mu May 2018 nti okunoonyereza kwali kukyagenda mu maaso era nti Banda teyali akyaliiko musango gw’okusimbibwa mu kkooti.[71] ==== Enkolagana z’ebyokulonda mu 2019–2020 ==== People’s Party yasooka okuteekawo Banda ku kulonda kwa pulezidenti mu 2019, naye nga 15 March 2019 yavaamu n’awagira omuvuganya w’ekibiina ky’obufuzi Lazarus Chakwera.[72][73] Oluvannyuma lwa Kkooti Enkulu okusalawo okuggya ebivudde mu kulonda kwa 2019, Banda yawagira Chakwera mu kulonda okwaddirira mu June 2020 era n’amwebaza mu lujjudde oluvannyuma lw’okuwangula.[74] Mu kabineeti ya Chakwera eyasooka, eyalangirirwa nga 8 July 2020, mwali mutabani wa Banda, Roy Akajuwe Kachale-Banda, ng’omubaka w’ebyobusuubuzi.[75] ==== Okulwanirira n’okuyamba mu nsi yonna (2021–2024) ==== ===== Banda abadde akola ennyo ku nsonga z’ebyobulamu n’enkulaakulana mu nsi yonna. ===== * Mu May 2021 yayingira abakulembeze b’amawanga ne Nobel laureates mu bbaluwa ey’okusaba G7 okukkiriza obutali bw’ensimbi za COVID-19 vaccine era okuddamu okuwangula okulwanyisa AIDS.[76] * Ku 11 March 2023 yali omu ku bantu abasukka mu 200 abasayina People’s Vaccine Alliance “Never Again” statement nga basaba okufuna eby’okulwanyisa ebikwatagana n’obulwadde obw’amaanyi.[77] * Mu February 2023 Banda yafuuka omu ku “grain ambassadors” ba Ukraine, ng’ayamba okuzuula amawanga ga Afrika agasinga okwetaaga emmere ya Ukraine mu kiseera ky’olutalo lwa Russo-Ukrainian War.[78] Okuyita mu Joyce Banda Foundation Trust, yeeyongedde okukola ku by’okukuuma emmere n’okusomesa, nga mwemuli okugabira amaka 500 obusimba bwa kasooli abaakosebwa Cyclone Freddy mu January 2024[79] n’okutandika enteekateeka ya K315 million bursary scheme eri abawala abasoma mu masomero aga secondary mu 2024.[80] ==== Okwesimbawo ku bwa Pulezidenti mu 2025 ==== [[File:Joyce Banda 2025.jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2025]] Ku lunaku lwa 23 June 2025, People’s Party National Executive Committee yakkiriza Banda nga omukwasi w’ekibiina ku bwa Pulezidenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwa 2025. Bwe yalangirira okwesimbawo kwe e Lilongwe, yagamba nti “Malawi eri ku mugga ogw’okusalawo era yeetaaga okulaba empya ekwatiddwa ku kukola kw’abavubuka n’okutumbula abakyala mu by’enfuna.”[81] Okulonda kwe—kweyitibwa “A New Malawi for the Youth Initiatives (A.Ma.Y.I.)”—kulaga obusomesa bw’amasomero ga sekendule obutali bwa kusasula, ebifo by’obulamu eby’okusindikibwa, okukyusa mu by’obuli bw’enguzi n’okutumbula abavubuka mu by’obusuubuzi ng’ebikulu byakyo.[82] Yawangulwa Peter Mutharika. == Joyce Banda Foundation == Ng’akyali tannaba kufuuka omumyuka wa pulezidenti, yali mukulembeze era CEO w’ekitongole ekya Joyce Banda Foundation,[84] ekitongole ekirungi ekikola ku baana n’abafumbo abatalina bazadde mu Malawi okuyita mu masomero. Kiri mu Chimwankhunda area mu Blantyre nga kirimu amasomero ga primary ne secondary. Kirimu n’ekifo ky’okulabirira abaana abatalina bazadde ekirimu ebifo mukaaga n’abaana 600.[85] Era kikola ku byalo ebiriraanye nga kiwa micro-credit eri abakazi 40 n’ebibiina by’abavubuka 10. Kiwa ensigo eri abalimi abasukka mu 10,000 era kiwadde obuyambi obulala. Ekitongole kino kyazimba amalwaliro ana mu byalo 200 bye kisobola okukolako. Era kikola ku nkulaakulana mu byalo. Kirina obukwatagana ne Jack Brewer Foundation, ekitongole ekikola ku nkulaakulana mu nsi yonna ekya NFL star Jack Brewer.[86] == National Association of Business Women == Banda ye mukulembeze w’ekibiina kya National Association of Business Women mu Malawi ekyatandikibwa mu 1990. Kiri mu mateeka ng’ekitongole ekitali kya magoba mu Malawi.[87] Ekibiina kino kirina ekigendererwa okuggyamu abakazi obwavu nga bawanga amaanyi n’okubawa obusobozi mu by’enfuna.[88] Kino kye kibiina ky’abakazi 30,000, ekisanyusa okuwagira bizinensi z’abakazi n’okuyamba abakazi abayagala okwetaba mu bizinensi. Ebikolwa byabwe birimu okutendeka mu bizinensi, okutendeka mu tekinologiya, okukuuma ebyafaayo n’obukugu mu kukulembera.[88] Bakola okuteekateeka okukola emboozi n’abakulembeze abakola amateeka okulaba nga amateeka gabaagaliza abakazi abalina bizinensi.[89] Omukulembeze waakyo kati ye Mary Malunga.[89] Ekitongole kino kibadde n’obukwatagana ne Humanist Institute for Development Cooperation (Hivos) ey’e Netherlands okuva mu 2003.[88] == Philanthropy n’okukulaakulanya ebikolebwa == Banda abadde mu mirimu mingi egy’obusobozi n’abakyala okuva ku myaka 25 okulaba nga wabaawo enkyukakyuka mu mateeka, ddala mu by’enjigiriza. Yatandika Joyce Banda Foundation for Better Education. Yatandika Young Women Leaders Network, National Association of Business Women ne Hunger Project mu Malawi. Ye (nga ali wamu ne Pulezidenti Joaquim Chissano owa Mozambique) yaweebwa ekirabo kya Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger mu 1997 ekitongole ky’e New York ekitali kya gavumenti. Yakozesa ssente z’ekirabo okuzimba ekizimbe kya Joyce Banda foundation for children.[85] Mu 2006, yafuna ekirabo kya International Award for the Health and Dignity of Women olw’okweyisa obulungi ku ddembe ly’abakyala ba Malawi nga bwekikolebwa Americans for United Nations Population Fund.[17] Yaweereza nga commissioner wa "Bridging a World Divided" awamu n’abantu nga Bishop Desmond Tutu, ne United Nations Human Rights Commissioner, Mary Robinson.[8] Banda era yali memba mu Advisory Board for Education mu Washington DC, era mu advisory board ya Federation of World Peace and Love mu Taiwan (China).[8] Mu kiseera ky’okukendeeza ensimbi mu gavumenti mu October 2012, Banda yakendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30%. Era yalangirira nti ennyonyi ya pulezidenti egenda kutundibwa.[90] ==== Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health ==== Mu 2010, Banda yafuuka memba wa Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health,[91] ekibiina ky’abantu kkumi na mukaaga abali mu buyinza n’abakulembeze b’amawanga agasooka, abakozi abakulu n’abalala abakkiriza okutumbula eby’obulamu bw’okuzalira okutuusa ku nkulaakulana ey’olubeerera n’obugagga.[91] Ekikulemberwa omukulembeze w’eggwanga lya Ireland Mary Robinson, abakulembeze bano balaba okukungaanya obuyinza bw’ebyobufuzi n’ensimbi ezetaagisa okufuna obulamu bw’okuzalira eri buli muntu mu 2015 – ekigendererwa ekikulu mu UN Millennium Development Goals.[91] ==== Ebirabo ==== ===== Awaadi z'eggwanga ===== * Woman of the Year, Malawi, 1997 * Woman of the Year, Malawi, 1998 * ''Nyasa Times'' Multimedia "Person of the Year", 2010 ===== Ebikopo by’ensi yonna ===== * Martin Luther King Jr. Drum Major Award, 2012, Washington D.C.[93] * Legends Award for Leadership, 2012, Greater African Methodist Episcopal Church[94] * Women of Substance Award, 2010, African Women Development Fund[95] * Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger, 1997, The Hunger Project, New York[8] * International Award for Entrepreneurship Development, 1998, Africa Federation of Women Entrepreneurs & UN Economic Commission for Africa[8] * 100 Heroines Award, 1998, Rochester, New York[8] * Certificate of Honors, 2001, Federation of World Peace and Love, Taiwan (Republic of China)[8] * Reykjavík Global Forum / Women Political Leaders (WPL) Trailblazer Award, 2020, Iceland[96] ==== Ekitiibwa ==== * ''Forbes'' magazine – World's Most Powerful Women: #40 (2014)<ref name="Forbes14" /> | #47 (2013) | #71 (2012) * ''Forbes'' magazine – Africa's Most Powerful Women: #1 (2012) | #3 (2011) * Included in the "BBC 100 Women" series, October 2014<ref name="bbc100women" /> * Included in "Outstanding Women in Africa" list, 2022, ''New Africa Magazine''<ref name="investigator2022" /> == Laba era == * Malawian Constitutional Crisis 2012 * List of current members of the National Assembly of Malawi == Okusoma okw'okweyongerayo == * Kim Yi Dionne, Boniface Dulani (January 2013). "Constitutional provisions and executive succession: Malawi's 2012 transition in comparative perspective". ''African Affairs''. '''112''' (446): 111–137. doi:10.1093/afraf/ads067. JSTOR&#x20;23357150 == Ebyokulabirako == ik0vwbget4xq3bm1l2cbk2wymq6ayh4 75875 75874 2026-10-01T11:24:09Z MEvalyn 9841 75875 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q57388}} '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burho |first=Moira Forbes, Maggie McGrath, Erin Spencer Sairam, Erika |title=Forbes World’s Most Powerful Women of 2025 |url=https://https//www.forbes.com/lists/power-women/ |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-10-26 |title=Who are the 100 Women 2014? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-29758792 |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == [[File:Joyce Banda 2025 (profile).jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2025]] Joyce Hilda Ntila<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-04-10 |title=Joyce Banda: Malawi's first female president |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-17662916 |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Malawian President quietly celebrates 62nd birthday {{!}} Malawi news, Malawi - NyasaTimes breaking online news source from Malawi |url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/malawi/2012/04/12/malawian-president-quietly-celebrates-62nd-birthday/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414023610/http://www.nyasatimes.com/malawi/2012/04/12/malawian-president-quietly-celebrates-62nd-birthday/ |archive-date=2012-04-14 |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=www.nyasatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=JB Celebrates Her 62 Birthday In Private {{!}} Malawi Voice |url=http://www.malawivoice.com/2012/04/12/jb-celebrates-her-62-birthday-in-private-67799/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414080836/http://www.malawivoice.com/2012/04/12/jb-celebrates-her-62-birthday-in-private-67799/ |archive-date=2012-04-14 |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=www.malawivoice.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Nation |date=2020-03-31 |title=Faith’s rise against odds |url=https://mwnation.com/faiths-rise-against-odds/ |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Nation Online |language=en-US}}</ref> Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-04-06 |title=Joyce Banda poised for Malawi presidency |url=https://capitalfm.africa/joyce-banda-poised-for-malawi-presidency/ |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Capital FM Kenya |language=en-US}}</ref> Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27] ==== Ebibiina mu DPP ==== [[File:Joyce Banda Department for International Development photo crop.jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2012]] Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu myaka egyasooka okutuuka ku bukulembeze bwa Banda, Malawi yali mu mbeera embi ey’ebyenfuna olw’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala mu bufuzi bwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Mu mwaka ogwasembayo ogw’obufuzi bwa Mutharika, Bungereza, Amerika, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank ne African Development Bank byonna byaleka okuwa obuyambi bw’ebyensimbi. Baalaga okutya ku bikolwa bya Mutharika ku demokulasiya mu ggwanga n’obukulembeze bwe obwali butandise okubaamu obutabanguko. Mu March 2012, Mutharika yagamba abakungu bano abava ebweru nti “mugende mu hell.” Yabalumiriza okutegeka okuggyawo gavumenti ye.[48] Ekimu ku bizibu bya Banda ng’omukulembeze kyali kuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi. Era yalina ekizibu eky’okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’eggwanga lye erya Malawi nga Mozambique, n’amawanga agali mu kitundu nga Botswana. Mu wiiki esooka ey’obufuzi bwe, Banda yatandika okukola enkolagana empya okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana ya Malawi n’amawanga amalala.[49] Yayogera ne Henry Bellingham ow’ekitongole kya United Kingdom’s Foreign Office. Yamusuubiza nti omubaka omupya owa Bungereza ajja kutumibwa “mu kiseera ekisinga obumpi.” Yayogera ne Secretary of State Hillary Clinton owa Amerika. Clinton yasubiza okuddamu okuteesa ku ssente za $350 million ez’amasannyalaze mu bwangu ddala. Banda yalangirira enteekateeka okwogera ne Baroness Ashton ow’ekitongole kya European Union’s Foreign Affairs office ne Ruby Randall, omukiise wa IMF mu Malawi. Ye ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Michael Sata baali bamaze okuteesa ku kuddamu okukola enkolagana ennungi.[49] Okusanyusa abawa obuyambi, gavumenti ya Banda era yagaana mu June 2012 okutegekera olukiiko lw’African Union mu July kubanga AU yali egambye nti pulezidenti wa Sudan Omar al-Bashir aweebwe obukakafu nti Malawi ejja kwegaana okuweereza ekiragiro kya ICC ekimukwata; Cabinet yasalawo nti embeera zino tezikkirizibwa.[50] Banda yayogerwako Forbes nga omukyala ow’amaanyi asinga obungi mu nsi, erinnya ly’omu Afrika erisinga obunene ku lukalala. === Enkola y'eggwanga === ===== Obubonero bw'eggwanga ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] Mu myezi ebiri nga bamaze okutandika okukulembera, gavumenti ya Banda yateekawo ekiragiro okuddamu okukozesa bendera ya Malawi eyasooka eya 1964 "rising-sun", ng’eggyako eyakozesebwa mu 2010 wansi wa Bingu wa Mutharika.[51][52] ===== Okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi (2010–2012).svg|thumb|Bbendera etamanyiddwa eya 2010–2012]] Ku 18 May 2012 Banda yalangirira nti agenda kuggyawo amateeka agalwanyisa obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka.[53] Mu November Minisitule y’ebyamateeka yawa ekiragiro eky’okwewala okukwatibwa ku bantu abakola obufumbo obwo nga balina okukkiriziganya, nga balindirira okwekeneenya kwa Palamenti,[54] naye Kkooti Enkulu yasazaamu ekiragiro ekyo mu February 2016, ng’egamba nti Palamenti yokka ye esobola okusazaamu oba okuggyawo amateeka gano.[55] Newankubadde obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka bukyali mu mateeka, okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu kwongedde; Lilongwe yakuba olugendo lw’abavubuka ba LGBT olwasooka mu Malawi nga 26 June 2021.[56] ===== Enkyukakyuka mu by’enfuna n’ensimbi ===== Mu kugoberera amagezi ga International Monetary Fund (IMF), Banda yateekawo enkola y’okukyusa omuwendo gw’ensimbi, era nga 7 May 2012, yakendeeza omuwendo gwa Malawian kwacha ku bitundu 33 ku buli kikumi okusinziira ku ddoola ya Amerika okusobola okuggyawo akatale akatono akaliwo n’okufunamu obuyambi okuva ebweru.[57] * Obuzibu obw’akaseera akatono: Okukendeeza omuwendo gw’ensimbi wamu n’okuteeka ebbeeyi y’amafuta mu mikono gy’abantu, kyaleetera okweyongera kw’ebbeeyi y’ebintu okutuuka ku bitundu 34 ku buli kikumi era ne kuleeta okwegugunga n’okulaga obutali bumativu mu January 2013.[58] * Okuddamu okuzimba mu kiseera ekya wakati: Ku nkomerero ya 2013, IMF yagamba nti “okuddamu okuzimba kutandise… nga kuyambibwa okwongera okufuna ensimbi eziva ebweru” era nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu yatandika okukka.[59] Ekibiina kya Southern African Development Community kyategeka nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu ejja kukendeera okutuuka ku bitundu 19.6 ku buli kikumi mu 2014 ng’omuwendo gw’ensimbi gukutte mu mbeera.[60] * Enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi: U.S. Congressional Research Service yalaga nti abawa obuyambi abasinga abaali basazizzaamu obuyambi bw’ensimbi mu kiseera kya Mutharika baabuzzaayo oluvannyuma lw’enkyukakyuka za Banda, nga mwemuli n’endagaano ya US $350-million eya Millennium Challenge Corporation.[61] Enkyukakyuka zino zaateekebwako mu pulogulaamu ya gavumenti ey’okuddamu okuzimba mu by’enfuna eya 2012–2014, eyateeka enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu katale wamu n’enteekateeka z’okukuuma abantu mu mbeera y’obulamu.[62] ===== Obukadde n’ekyuma kya pulezidenti ===== Okusala ku nsimbi ezikozesebwa mu gavumenti, Banda yasuubiza okukendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30 ku buli kikumi era n’alagira okutunda ekifaananyi kya Dassault Falcon 900EX ekyagulibwa eyamuddirira. Ekifaananyi kino kyatundibwa eri Bohnox Enterprise eyali esangibwa mu British Virgin Islands ku doola za Amerika obukadde 15 mu May 2013.[63] Abakungu ba gavumenti baagamba nti ensimbi zino zaakozesebwa okusasula ebbanja ly’okulwanyisa ne Paramount Group n’okusasula emmere ya kasooli n’eddagala, naye ebibiina by’abantu baawakanya enteekateeka eno era ne basaba ebikwata ku ndagaano.[64] Okutegeeza kwa Parliament’s Public Accounts Committee mu 2021 kwalaga okunoonyereza okuggya ku nsonga eno, newankubadde tewali misango gy’obumenyi bw’amateeka egisimbiddwa mu kkooti.[65] ===== Enkola y’abantu ===== Wadde nga enkola za Banda zaaleeta obwesige mu bawandiisi b’ensimbi n’okufuna ssente z’ebweru, zaaleetawo okulinnya kw’ebbeeyi y’obulamu mu maka agali mu bibuga, ne zikendeeza obuwanguzi bwe mu bantu ng’agenda okulonda kwa 2014. Abanoonyereza bakyalina okwawukanako ku mugaso ogw’ebbanga ddene ogw’okukendeeza ebbeeyi mu 2012, newankubadde IMF ne World Bank balaga nti enkola eno yayamba okuziyiza obuzibu bw’ebyenfuna n’okuteekawo omusingi gw’enkulaakulana empya.[66] ===== Enteekateeka za Pulezidenti ===== Banda alaze obumanyirivu mu kulabirira obulamu bw’abakyala n’eddembe ly’okuzaala, nga asinga okuyita mu kusomesa abakyala ku Malawi. Yalaga obuwagizi bwe ng’atandika Presidential Initiative on Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood. Mu myaka ebiri gyokka, enteekateeka eno yalaga okukendeera kw’omuwendo gw’abakyala abafa nga bazaala okuva ku 675 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa okutuuka ku 460 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa.[67] ===== Bendera ===== Oluvannyuma bendera yakyusibwa mu 2010 gavumenti ya Mutharika, waaliwo okuwakanya okuva mu bantu. Ebibiina bingi byawakanya obutuufu bwa bendera eno. Ku 28 May 2012, Banda yakulembera ababaka ba palamenti okusalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze, eyasooka okuteekebwako mu 1964. Ebibiina byonna, okuggyako DPP, byasalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze.[68] ==== Obulamu oluvannyuma lw’okuba pulezidenti ==== ===== Okuddayo okuva mu buwangwa n’okunoonyereza ku Cashgate (2018) ===== Banda yaddayo e Malawi nga 28 April 2018 oluvannyuma lw’emyaka esatu egy’okweyisa mu buwangwa mu Amerika, gyeyali mukwano omukulu mu Woodrow Wilson Center ne Center for Global Development.[69][70] Newankubadde poliisi yawa ekiragiro kya 2017 okumukwata olw’omusango gwa “Cashgate” ogw’omu 2013, Anti-Corruption Bureau yategeeza mu May 2018 nti okunoonyereza kwali kukyagenda mu maaso era nti Banda teyali akyaliiko musango gw’okusimbibwa mu kkooti.[71] ==== Enkolagana z’ebyokulonda mu 2019–2020 ==== People’s Party yasooka okuteekawo Banda ku kulonda kwa pulezidenti mu 2019, naye nga 15 March 2019 yavaamu n’awagira omuvuganya w’ekibiina ky’obufuzi Lazarus Chakwera.[72][73] Oluvannyuma lwa Kkooti Enkulu okusalawo okuggya ebivudde mu kulonda kwa 2019, Banda yawagira Chakwera mu kulonda okwaddirira mu June 2020 era n’amwebaza mu lujjudde oluvannyuma lw’okuwangula.[74] Mu kabineeti ya Chakwera eyasooka, eyalangirirwa nga 8 July 2020, mwali mutabani wa Banda, Roy Akajuwe Kachale-Banda, ng’omubaka w’ebyobusuubuzi.[75] ==== Okulwanirira n’okuyamba mu nsi yonna (2021–2024) ==== ===== Banda abadde akola ennyo ku nsonga z’ebyobulamu n’enkulaakulana mu nsi yonna. ===== * Mu May 2021 yayingira abakulembeze b’amawanga ne Nobel laureates mu bbaluwa ey’okusaba G7 okukkiriza obutali bw’ensimbi za COVID-19 vaccine era okuddamu okuwangula okulwanyisa AIDS.[76] * Ku 11 March 2023 yali omu ku bantu abasukka mu 200 abasayina People’s Vaccine Alliance “Never Again” statement nga basaba okufuna eby’okulwanyisa ebikwatagana n’obulwadde obw’amaanyi.[77] * Mu February 2023 Banda yafuuka omu ku “grain ambassadors” ba Ukraine, ng’ayamba okuzuula amawanga ga Afrika agasinga okwetaaga emmere ya Ukraine mu kiseera ky’olutalo lwa Russo-Ukrainian War.[78] Okuyita mu Joyce Banda Foundation Trust, yeeyongedde okukola ku by’okukuuma emmere n’okusomesa, nga mwemuli okugabira amaka 500 obusimba bwa kasooli abaakosebwa Cyclone Freddy mu January 2024[79] n’okutandika enteekateeka ya K315 million bursary scheme eri abawala abasoma mu masomero aga secondary mu 2024.[80] ==== Okwesimbawo ku bwa Pulezidenti mu 2025 ==== [[File:Joyce Banda 2025.jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2025]] Ku lunaku lwa 23 June 2025, People’s Party National Executive Committee yakkiriza Banda nga omukwasi w’ekibiina ku bwa Pulezidenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwa 2025. Bwe yalangirira okwesimbawo kwe e Lilongwe, yagamba nti “Malawi eri ku mugga ogw’okusalawo era yeetaaga okulaba empya ekwatiddwa ku kukola kw’abavubuka n’okutumbula abakyala mu by’enfuna.”[81] Okulonda kwe—kweyitibwa “A New Malawi for the Youth Initiatives (A.Ma.Y.I.)”—kulaga obusomesa bw’amasomero ga sekendule obutali bwa kusasula, ebifo by’obulamu eby’okusindikibwa, okukyusa mu by’obuli bw’enguzi n’okutumbula abavubuka mu by’obusuubuzi ng’ebikulu byakyo.[82] Yawangulwa Peter Mutharika. == Joyce Banda Foundation == Ng’akyali tannaba kufuuka omumyuka wa pulezidenti, yali mukulembeze era CEO w’ekitongole ekya Joyce Banda Foundation,[84] ekitongole ekirungi ekikola ku baana n’abafumbo abatalina bazadde mu Malawi okuyita mu masomero. Kiri mu Chimwankhunda area mu Blantyre nga kirimu amasomero ga primary ne secondary. Kirimu n’ekifo ky’okulabirira abaana abatalina bazadde ekirimu ebifo mukaaga n’abaana 600.[85] Era kikola ku byalo ebiriraanye nga kiwa micro-credit eri abakazi 40 n’ebibiina by’abavubuka 10. Kiwa ensigo eri abalimi abasukka mu 10,000 era kiwadde obuyambi obulala. Ekitongole kino kyazimba amalwaliro ana mu byalo 200 bye kisobola okukolako. Era kikola ku nkulaakulana mu byalo. Kirina obukwatagana ne Jack Brewer Foundation, ekitongole ekikola ku nkulaakulana mu nsi yonna ekya NFL star Jack Brewer.[86] == National Association of Business Women == Banda ye mukulembeze w’ekibiina kya National Association of Business Women mu Malawi ekyatandikibwa mu 1990. Kiri mu mateeka ng’ekitongole ekitali kya magoba mu Malawi.[87] Ekibiina kino kirina ekigendererwa okuggyamu abakazi obwavu nga bawanga amaanyi n’okubawa obusobozi mu by’enfuna.[88] Kino kye kibiina ky’abakazi 30,000, ekisanyusa okuwagira bizinensi z’abakazi n’okuyamba abakazi abayagala okwetaba mu bizinensi. Ebikolwa byabwe birimu okutendeka mu bizinensi, okutendeka mu tekinologiya, okukuuma ebyafaayo n’obukugu mu kukulembera.[88] Bakola okuteekateeka okukola emboozi n’abakulembeze abakola amateeka okulaba nga amateeka gabaagaliza abakazi abalina bizinensi.[89] Omukulembeze waakyo kati ye Mary Malunga.[89] Ekitongole kino kibadde n’obukwatagana ne Humanist Institute for Development Cooperation (Hivos) ey’e Netherlands okuva mu 2003.[88] == Philanthropy n’okukulaakulanya ebikolebwa == Banda abadde mu mirimu mingi egy’obusobozi n’abakyala okuva ku myaka 25 okulaba nga wabaawo enkyukakyuka mu mateeka, ddala mu by’enjigiriza. Yatandika Joyce Banda Foundation for Better Education. Yatandika Young Women Leaders Network, National Association of Business Women ne Hunger Project mu Malawi. Ye (nga ali wamu ne Pulezidenti Joaquim Chissano owa Mozambique) yaweebwa ekirabo kya Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger mu 1997 ekitongole ky’e New York ekitali kya gavumenti. Yakozesa ssente z’ekirabo okuzimba ekizimbe kya Joyce Banda foundation for children.[85] Mu 2006, yafuna ekirabo kya International Award for the Health and Dignity of Women olw’okweyisa obulungi ku ddembe ly’abakyala ba Malawi nga bwekikolebwa Americans for United Nations Population Fund.[17] Yaweereza nga commissioner wa "Bridging a World Divided" awamu n’abantu nga Bishop Desmond Tutu, ne United Nations Human Rights Commissioner, Mary Robinson.[8] Banda era yali memba mu Advisory Board for Education mu Washington DC, era mu advisory board ya Federation of World Peace and Love mu Taiwan (China).[8] Mu kiseera ky’okukendeeza ensimbi mu gavumenti mu October 2012, Banda yakendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30%. Era yalangirira nti ennyonyi ya pulezidenti egenda kutundibwa.[90] ==== Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health ==== Mu 2010, Banda yafuuka memba wa Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health,[91] ekibiina ky’abantu kkumi na mukaaga abali mu buyinza n’abakulembeze b’amawanga agasooka, abakozi abakulu n’abalala abakkiriza okutumbula eby’obulamu bw’okuzalira okutuusa ku nkulaakulana ey’olubeerera n’obugagga.[91] Ekikulemberwa omukulembeze w’eggwanga lya Ireland Mary Robinson, abakulembeze bano balaba okukungaanya obuyinza bw’ebyobufuzi n’ensimbi ezetaagisa okufuna obulamu bw’okuzalira eri buli muntu mu 2015 – ekigendererwa ekikulu mu UN Millennium Development Goals.[91] ==== Ebirabo ==== ===== Awaadi z'eggwanga ===== * Woman of the Year, Malawi, 1997 * Woman of the Year, Malawi, 1998 * ''Nyasa Times'' Multimedia "Person of the Year", 2010 ===== Ebikopo by’ensi yonna ===== * Martin Luther King Jr. Drum Major Award, 2012, Washington D.C.[93] * Legends Award for Leadership, 2012, Greater African Methodist Episcopal Church[94] * Women of Substance Award, 2010, African Women Development Fund[95] * Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger, 1997, The Hunger Project, New York[8] * International Award for Entrepreneurship Development, 1998, Africa Federation of Women Entrepreneurs & UN Economic Commission for Africa[8] * 100 Heroines Award, 1998, Rochester, New York[8] * Certificate of Honors, 2001, Federation of World Peace and Love, Taiwan (Republic of China)[8] * Reykjavík Global Forum / Women Political Leaders (WPL) Trailblazer Award, 2020, Iceland[96] ==== Ekitiibwa ==== * ''Forbes'' magazine – World's Most Powerful Women: #40 (2014)<ref name="Forbes14" /> | #47 (2013) | #71 (2012) * ''Forbes'' magazine – Africa's Most Powerful Women: #1 (2012) | #3 (2011) * Included in the "BBC 100 Women" series, October 2014<ref name="bbc100women" /> * Included in "Outstanding Women in Africa" list, 2022, ''New Africa Magazine''<ref name="investigator2022" /> == Laba era == * Malawian Constitutional Crisis 2012 * List of current members of the National Assembly of Malawi == Okusoma okw'okweyongerayo == * Kim Yi Dionne, Boniface Dulani (January 2013). "Constitutional provisions and executive succession: Malawi's 2012 transition in comparative perspective". ''African Affairs''. '''112''' (446): 111–137. doi:10.1093/afraf/ads067. JSTOR&#x20;23357150 == Ebyokulabirako == 2u7nczreahjm3spm13mp7n0pgqaxmw3 75876 75875 2026-10-01T11:28:01Z MEvalyn 9841 75876 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q57388}} '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burho |first=Moira Forbes, Maggie McGrath, Erin Spencer Sairam, Erika |title=Forbes World’s Most Powerful Women of 2025 |url=https://https//www.forbes.com/lists/power-women/ |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-10-26 |title=Who are the 100 Women 2014? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-29758792 |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == [[File:Joyce Banda 2025 (profile).jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2025]] Joyce Hilda Ntila<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-04-10 |title=Joyce Banda: Malawi's first female president |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-17662916 |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Malawian President quietly celebrates 62nd birthday {{!}} Malawi news, Malawi - NyasaTimes breaking online news source from Malawi |url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/malawi/2012/04/12/malawian-president-quietly-celebrates-62nd-birthday/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414023610/http://www.nyasatimes.com/malawi/2012/04/12/malawian-president-quietly-celebrates-62nd-birthday/ |archive-date=2012-04-14 |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=www.nyasatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=JB Celebrates Her 62 Birthday In Private {{!}} Malawi Voice |url=http://www.malawivoice.com/2012/04/12/jb-celebrates-her-62-birthday-in-private-67799/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414080836/http://www.malawivoice.com/2012/04/12/jb-celebrates-her-62-birthday-in-private-67799/ |archive-date=2012-04-14 |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=www.malawivoice.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Nation |date=2020-03-31 |title=Faith’s rise against odds |url=https://mwnation.com/faiths-rise-against-odds/ |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Nation Online |language=en-US}}</ref> Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-04-06 |title=Joyce Banda poised for Malawi presidency |url=https://capitalfm.africa/joyce-banda-poised-for-malawi-presidency/ |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Capital FM Kenya |language=en-US}}</ref> Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-10-28 |title=Probe IGP's ‘Fake’ doctorate degree - Academics |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Probe-IGP-s-Fake-doctorate-degree-Academics-481571 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241229191248/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Probe-IGP-s-Fake-doctorate-degree-Academics-481571 |archive-date=2024-12-29 |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=GhanaWeb |language=en-US}}</ref>” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University. Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27] ==== Ebibiina mu DPP ==== [[File:Joyce Banda Department for International Development photo crop.jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2012]] Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu myaka egyasooka okutuuka ku bukulembeze bwa Banda, Malawi yali mu mbeera embi ey’ebyenfuna olw’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala mu bufuzi bwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Mu mwaka ogwasembayo ogw’obufuzi bwa Mutharika, Bungereza, Amerika, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank ne African Development Bank byonna byaleka okuwa obuyambi bw’ebyensimbi. Baalaga okutya ku bikolwa bya Mutharika ku demokulasiya mu ggwanga n’obukulembeze bwe obwali butandise okubaamu obutabanguko. Mu March 2012, Mutharika yagamba abakungu bano abava ebweru nti “mugende mu hell.” Yabalumiriza okutegeka okuggyawo gavumenti ye.[48] Ekimu ku bizibu bya Banda ng’omukulembeze kyali kuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi. Era yalina ekizibu eky’okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’eggwanga lye erya Malawi nga Mozambique, n’amawanga agali mu kitundu nga Botswana. Mu wiiki esooka ey’obufuzi bwe, Banda yatandika okukola enkolagana empya okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana ya Malawi n’amawanga amalala.[49] Yayogera ne Henry Bellingham ow’ekitongole kya United Kingdom’s Foreign Office. Yamusuubiza nti omubaka omupya owa Bungereza ajja kutumibwa “mu kiseera ekisinga obumpi.” Yayogera ne Secretary of State Hillary Clinton owa Amerika. Clinton yasubiza okuddamu okuteesa ku ssente za $350 million ez’amasannyalaze mu bwangu ddala. Banda yalangirira enteekateeka okwogera ne Baroness Ashton ow’ekitongole kya European Union’s Foreign Affairs office ne Ruby Randall, omukiise wa IMF mu Malawi. Ye ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Michael Sata baali bamaze okuteesa ku kuddamu okukola enkolagana ennungi.[49] Okusanyusa abawa obuyambi, gavumenti ya Banda era yagaana mu June 2012 okutegekera olukiiko lw’African Union mu July kubanga AU yali egambye nti pulezidenti wa Sudan Omar al-Bashir aweebwe obukakafu nti Malawi ejja kwegaana okuweereza ekiragiro kya ICC ekimukwata; Cabinet yasalawo nti embeera zino tezikkirizibwa.[50] Banda yayogerwako Forbes nga omukyala ow’amaanyi asinga obungi mu nsi, erinnya ly’omu Afrika erisinga obunene ku lukalala. === Enkola y'eggwanga === ===== Obubonero bw'eggwanga ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] Mu myezi ebiri nga bamaze okutandika okukulembera, gavumenti ya Banda yateekawo ekiragiro okuddamu okukozesa bendera ya Malawi eyasooka eya 1964 "rising-sun", ng’eggyako eyakozesebwa mu 2010 wansi wa Bingu wa Mutharika.[51][52] ===== Okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi (2010–2012).svg|thumb|Bbendera etamanyiddwa eya 2010–2012]] Ku 18 May 2012 Banda yalangirira nti agenda kuggyawo amateeka agalwanyisa obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka.[53] Mu November Minisitule y’ebyamateeka yawa ekiragiro eky’okwewala okukwatibwa ku bantu abakola obufumbo obwo nga balina okukkiriziganya, nga balindirira okwekeneenya kwa Palamenti,[54] naye Kkooti Enkulu yasazaamu ekiragiro ekyo mu February 2016, ng’egamba nti Palamenti yokka ye esobola okusazaamu oba okuggyawo amateeka gano.[55] Newankubadde obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka bukyali mu mateeka, okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu kwongedde; Lilongwe yakuba olugendo lw’abavubuka ba LGBT olwasooka mu Malawi nga 26 June 2021.[56] ===== Enkyukakyuka mu by’enfuna n’ensimbi ===== Mu kugoberera amagezi ga International Monetary Fund (IMF), Banda yateekawo enkola y’okukyusa omuwendo gw’ensimbi, era nga 7 May 2012, yakendeeza omuwendo gwa Malawian kwacha ku bitundu 33 ku buli kikumi okusinziira ku ddoola ya Amerika okusobola okuggyawo akatale akatono akaliwo n’okufunamu obuyambi okuva ebweru.[57] * Obuzibu obw’akaseera akatono: Okukendeeza omuwendo gw’ensimbi wamu n’okuteeka ebbeeyi y’amafuta mu mikono gy’abantu, kyaleetera okweyongera kw’ebbeeyi y’ebintu okutuuka ku bitundu 34 ku buli kikumi era ne kuleeta okwegugunga n’okulaga obutali bumativu mu January 2013.[58] * Okuddamu okuzimba mu kiseera ekya wakati: Ku nkomerero ya 2013, IMF yagamba nti “okuddamu okuzimba kutandise… nga kuyambibwa okwongera okufuna ensimbi eziva ebweru” era nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu yatandika okukka.[59] Ekibiina kya Southern African Development Community kyategeka nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu ejja kukendeera okutuuka ku bitundu 19.6 ku buli kikumi mu 2014 ng’omuwendo gw’ensimbi gukutte mu mbeera.[60] * Enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi: U.S. Congressional Research Service yalaga nti abawa obuyambi abasinga abaali basazizzaamu obuyambi bw’ensimbi mu kiseera kya Mutharika baabuzzaayo oluvannyuma lw’enkyukakyuka za Banda, nga mwemuli n’endagaano ya US $350-million eya Millennium Challenge Corporation.[61] Enkyukakyuka zino zaateekebwako mu pulogulaamu ya gavumenti ey’okuddamu okuzimba mu by’enfuna eya 2012–2014, eyateeka enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu katale wamu n’enteekateeka z’okukuuma abantu mu mbeera y’obulamu.[62] ===== Obukadde n’ekyuma kya pulezidenti ===== Okusala ku nsimbi ezikozesebwa mu gavumenti, Banda yasuubiza okukendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30 ku buli kikumi era n’alagira okutunda ekifaananyi kya Dassault Falcon 900EX ekyagulibwa eyamuddirira. Ekifaananyi kino kyatundibwa eri Bohnox Enterprise eyali esangibwa mu British Virgin Islands ku doola za Amerika obukadde 15 mu May 2013.[63] Abakungu ba gavumenti baagamba nti ensimbi zino zaakozesebwa okusasula ebbanja ly’okulwanyisa ne Paramount Group n’okusasula emmere ya kasooli n’eddagala, naye ebibiina by’abantu baawakanya enteekateeka eno era ne basaba ebikwata ku ndagaano.[64] Okutegeeza kwa Parliament’s Public Accounts Committee mu 2021 kwalaga okunoonyereza okuggya ku nsonga eno, newankubadde tewali misango gy’obumenyi bw’amateeka egisimbiddwa mu kkooti.[65] ===== Enkola y’abantu ===== Wadde nga enkola za Banda zaaleeta obwesige mu bawandiisi b’ensimbi n’okufuna ssente z’ebweru, zaaleetawo okulinnya kw’ebbeeyi y’obulamu mu maka agali mu bibuga, ne zikendeeza obuwanguzi bwe mu bantu ng’agenda okulonda kwa 2014. Abanoonyereza bakyalina okwawukanako ku mugaso ogw’ebbanga ddene ogw’okukendeeza ebbeeyi mu 2012, newankubadde IMF ne World Bank balaga nti enkola eno yayamba okuziyiza obuzibu bw’ebyenfuna n’okuteekawo omusingi gw’enkulaakulana empya.[66] ===== Enteekateeka za Pulezidenti ===== Banda alaze obumanyirivu mu kulabirira obulamu bw’abakyala n’eddembe ly’okuzaala, nga asinga okuyita mu kusomesa abakyala ku Malawi. Yalaga obuwagizi bwe ng’atandika Presidential Initiative on Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood. Mu myaka ebiri gyokka, enteekateeka eno yalaga okukendeera kw’omuwendo gw’abakyala abafa nga bazaala okuva ku 675 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa okutuuka ku 460 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa.[67] ===== Bendera ===== Oluvannyuma bendera yakyusibwa mu 2010 gavumenti ya Mutharika, waaliwo okuwakanya okuva mu bantu. Ebibiina bingi byawakanya obutuufu bwa bendera eno. Ku 28 May 2012, Banda yakulembera ababaka ba palamenti okusalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze, eyasooka okuteekebwako mu 1964. Ebibiina byonna, okuggyako DPP, byasalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze.[68] ==== Obulamu oluvannyuma lw’okuba pulezidenti ==== ===== Okuddayo okuva mu buwangwa n’okunoonyereza ku Cashgate (2018) ===== Banda yaddayo e Malawi nga 28 April 2018 oluvannyuma lw’emyaka esatu egy’okweyisa mu buwangwa mu Amerika, gyeyali mukwano omukulu mu Woodrow Wilson Center ne Center for Global Development.[69][70] Newankubadde poliisi yawa ekiragiro kya 2017 okumukwata olw’omusango gwa “Cashgate” ogw’omu 2013, Anti-Corruption Bureau yategeeza mu May 2018 nti okunoonyereza kwali kukyagenda mu maaso era nti Banda teyali akyaliiko musango gw’okusimbibwa mu kkooti.[71] ==== Enkolagana z’ebyokulonda mu 2019–2020 ==== People’s Party yasooka okuteekawo Banda ku kulonda kwa pulezidenti mu 2019, naye nga 15 March 2019 yavaamu n’awagira omuvuganya w’ekibiina ky’obufuzi Lazarus Chakwera.[72][73] Oluvannyuma lwa Kkooti Enkulu okusalawo okuggya ebivudde mu kulonda kwa 2019, Banda yawagira Chakwera mu kulonda okwaddirira mu June 2020 era n’amwebaza mu lujjudde oluvannyuma lw’okuwangula.[74] Mu kabineeti ya Chakwera eyasooka, eyalangirirwa nga 8 July 2020, mwali mutabani wa Banda, Roy Akajuwe Kachale-Banda, ng’omubaka w’ebyobusuubuzi.[75] ==== Okulwanirira n’okuyamba mu nsi yonna (2021–2024) ==== ===== Banda abadde akola ennyo ku nsonga z’ebyobulamu n’enkulaakulana mu nsi yonna. ===== * Mu May 2021 yayingira abakulembeze b’amawanga ne Nobel laureates mu bbaluwa ey’okusaba G7 okukkiriza obutali bw’ensimbi za COVID-19 vaccine era okuddamu okuwangula okulwanyisa AIDS.[76] * Ku 11 March 2023 yali omu ku bantu abasukka mu 200 abasayina People’s Vaccine Alliance “Never Again” statement nga basaba okufuna eby’okulwanyisa ebikwatagana n’obulwadde obw’amaanyi.[77] * Mu February 2023 Banda yafuuka omu ku “grain ambassadors” ba Ukraine, ng’ayamba okuzuula amawanga ga Afrika agasinga okwetaaga emmere ya Ukraine mu kiseera ky’olutalo lwa Russo-Ukrainian War.[78] Okuyita mu Joyce Banda Foundation Trust, yeeyongedde okukola ku by’okukuuma emmere n’okusomesa, nga mwemuli okugabira amaka 500 obusimba bwa kasooli abaakosebwa Cyclone Freddy mu January 2024[79] n’okutandika enteekateeka ya K315 million bursary scheme eri abawala abasoma mu masomero aga secondary mu 2024.[80] ==== Okwesimbawo ku bwa Pulezidenti mu 2025 ==== [[File:Joyce Banda 2025.jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2025]] Ku lunaku lwa 23 June 2025, People’s Party National Executive Committee yakkiriza Banda nga omukwasi w’ekibiina ku bwa Pulezidenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwa 2025. Bwe yalangirira okwesimbawo kwe e Lilongwe, yagamba nti “Malawi eri ku mugga ogw’okusalawo era yeetaaga okulaba empya ekwatiddwa ku kukola kw’abavubuka n’okutumbula abakyala mu by’enfuna.”[81] Okulonda kwe—kweyitibwa “A New Malawi for the Youth Initiatives (A.Ma.Y.I.)”—kulaga obusomesa bw’amasomero ga sekendule obutali bwa kusasula, ebifo by’obulamu eby’okusindikibwa, okukyusa mu by’obuli bw’enguzi n’okutumbula abavubuka mu by’obusuubuzi ng’ebikulu byakyo.[82] Yawangulwa Peter Mutharika. == Joyce Banda Foundation == Ng’akyali tannaba kufuuka omumyuka wa pulezidenti, yali mukulembeze era CEO w’ekitongole ekya Joyce Banda Foundation,[84] ekitongole ekirungi ekikola ku baana n’abafumbo abatalina bazadde mu Malawi okuyita mu masomero. Kiri mu Chimwankhunda area mu Blantyre nga kirimu amasomero ga primary ne secondary. Kirimu n’ekifo ky’okulabirira abaana abatalina bazadde ekirimu ebifo mukaaga n’abaana 600.[85] Era kikola ku byalo ebiriraanye nga kiwa micro-credit eri abakazi 40 n’ebibiina by’abavubuka 10. Kiwa ensigo eri abalimi abasukka mu 10,000 era kiwadde obuyambi obulala. Ekitongole kino kyazimba amalwaliro ana mu byalo 200 bye kisobola okukolako. Era kikola ku nkulaakulana mu byalo. Kirina obukwatagana ne Jack Brewer Foundation, ekitongole ekikola ku nkulaakulana mu nsi yonna ekya NFL star Jack Brewer.[86] == National Association of Business Women == Banda ye mukulembeze w’ekibiina kya National Association of Business Women mu Malawi ekyatandikibwa mu 1990. Kiri mu mateeka ng’ekitongole ekitali kya magoba mu Malawi.[87] Ekibiina kino kirina ekigendererwa okuggyamu abakazi obwavu nga bawanga amaanyi n’okubawa obusobozi mu by’enfuna.[88] Kino kye kibiina ky’abakazi 30,000, ekisanyusa okuwagira bizinensi z’abakazi n’okuyamba abakazi abayagala okwetaba mu bizinensi. Ebikolwa byabwe birimu okutendeka mu bizinensi, okutendeka mu tekinologiya, okukuuma ebyafaayo n’obukugu mu kukulembera.[88] Bakola okuteekateeka okukola emboozi n’abakulembeze abakola amateeka okulaba nga amateeka gabaagaliza abakazi abalina bizinensi.[89] Omukulembeze waakyo kati ye Mary Malunga.[89] Ekitongole kino kibadde n’obukwatagana ne Humanist Institute for Development Cooperation (Hivos) ey’e Netherlands okuva mu 2003.[88] == Philanthropy n’okukulaakulanya ebikolebwa == Banda abadde mu mirimu mingi egy’obusobozi n’abakyala okuva ku myaka 25 okulaba nga wabaawo enkyukakyuka mu mateeka, ddala mu by’enjigiriza. Yatandika Joyce Banda Foundation for Better Education. Yatandika Young Women Leaders Network, National Association of Business Women ne Hunger Project mu Malawi. Ye (nga ali wamu ne Pulezidenti Joaquim Chissano owa Mozambique) yaweebwa ekirabo kya Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger mu 1997 ekitongole ky’e New York ekitali kya gavumenti. Yakozesa ssente z’ekirabo okuzimba ekizimbe kya Joyce Banda foundation for children.[85] Mu 2006, yafuna ekirabo kya International Award for the Health and Dignity of Women olw’okweyisa obulungi ku ddembe ly’abakyala ba Malawi nga bwekikolebwa Americans for United Nations Population Fund.[17] Yaweereza nga commissioner wa "Bridging a World Divided" awamu n’abantu nga Bishop Desmond Tutu, ne United Nations Human Rights Commissioner, Mary Robinson.[8] Banda era yali memba mu Advisory Board for Education mu Washington DC, era mu advisory board ya Federation of World Peace and Love mu Taiwan (China).[8] Mu kiseera ky’okukendeeza ensimbi mu gavumenti mu October 2012, Banda yakendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30%. Era yalangirira nti ennyonyi ya pulezidenti egenda kutundibwa.[90] ==== Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health ==== Mu 2010, Banda yafuuka memba wa Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health,[91] ekibiina ky’abantu kkumi na mukaaga abali mu buyinza n’abakulembeze b’amawanga agasooka, abakozi abakulu n’abalala abakkiriza okutumbula eby’obulamu bw’okuzalira okutuusa ku nkulaakulana ey’olubeerera n’obugagga.[91] Ekikulemberwa omukulembeze w’eggwanga lya Ireland Mary Robinson, abakulembeze bano balaba okukungaanya obuyinza bw’ebyobufuzi n’ensimbi ezetaagisa okufuna obulamu bw’okuzalira eri buli muntu mu 2015 – ekigendererwa ekikulu mu UN Millennium Development Goals.[91] ==== Ebirabo ==== ===== Awaadi z'eggwanga ===== * Woman of the Year, Malawi, 1997 * Woman of the Year, Malawi, 1998 * ''Nyasa Times'' Multimedia "Person of the Year", 2010 ===== Ebikopo by’ensi yonna ===== * Martin Luther King Jr. Drum Major Award, 2012, Washington D.C.[93] * Legends Award for Leadership, 2012, Greater African Methodist Episcopal Church[94] * Women of Substance Award, 2010, African Women Development Fund[95] * Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger, 1997, The Hunger Project, New York[8] * International Award for Entrepreneurship Development, 1998, Africa Federation of Women Entrepreneurs & UN Economic Commission for Africa[8] * 100 Heroines Award, 1998, Rochester, New York[8] * Certificate of Honors, 2001, Federation of World Peace and Love, Taiwan (Republic of China)[8] * Reykjavík Global Forum / Women Political Leaders (WPL) Trailblazer Award, 2020, Iceland[96] ==== Ekitiibwa ==== * ''Forbes'' magazine – World's Most Powerful Women: #40 (2014)<ref name="Forbes14" /> | #47 (2013) | #71 (2012) * ''Forbes'' magazine – Africa's Most Powerful Women: #1 (2012) | #3 (2011) * Included in the "BBC 100 Women" series, October 2014<ref name="bbc100women" /> * Included in "Outstanding Women in Africa" list, 2022, ''New Africa Magazine''<ref name="investigator2022" /> == Laba era == * Malawian Constitutional Crisis 2012 * List of current members of the National Assembly of Malawi == Okusoma okw'okweyongerayo == * Kim Yi Dionne, Boniface Dulani (January 2013). "Constitutional provisions and executive succession: Malawi's 2012 transition in comparative perspective". ''African Affairs''. '''112''' (446): 111–137. doi:10.1093/afraf/ads067. JSTOR&#x20;23357150 == Ebyokulabirako == isnkp8ziz5vs2ha51y7rgdrdoal11my 75877 75876 2026-10-01T11:29:29Z MEvalyn 9841 75877 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q57388}} '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burho |first=Moira Forbes, Maggie McGrath, Erin Spencer Sairam, Erika |title=Forbes World’s Most Powerful Women of 2025 |url=https://https//www.forbes.com/lists/power-women/ |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-10-26 |title=Who are the 100 Women 2014? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-29758792 |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == [[File:Joyce Banda 2025 (profile).jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2025]] Joyce Hilda Ntila<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-04-10 |title=Joyce Banda: Malawi's first female president |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-17662916 |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Malawian President quietly celebrates 62nd birthday {{!}} Malawi news, Malawi - NyasaTimes breaking online news source from Malawi |url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/malawi/2012/04/12/malawian-president-quietly-celebrates-62nd-birthday/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414023610/http://www.nyasatimes.com/malawi/2012/04/12/malawian-president-quietly-celebrates-62nd-birthday/ |archive-date=2012-04-14 |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=www.nyasatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=JB Celebrates Her 62 Birthday In Private {{!}} Malawi Voice |url=http://www.malawivoice.com/2012/04/12/jb-celebrates-her-62-birthday-in-private-67799/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414080836/http://www.malawivoice.com/2012/04/12/jb-celebrates-her-62-birthday-in-private-67799/ |archive-date=2012-04-14 |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=www.malawivoice.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Nation |date=2020-03-31 |title=Faith’s rise against odds |url=https://mwnation.com/faiths-rise-against-odds/ |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Nation Online |language=en-US}}</ref> Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-04-06 |title=Joyce Banda poised for Malawi presidency |url=https://capitalfm.africa/joyce-banda-poised-for-malawi-presidency/ |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Capital FM Kenya |language=en-US}}</ref> Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-10-28 |title=Probe IGP's ‘Fake’ doctorate degree - Academics |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Probe-IGP-s-Fake-doctorate-degree-Academics-481571 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241229191248/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Probe-IGP-s-Fake-doctorate-degree-Academics-481571 |archive-date=2024-12-29 |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=GhanaWeb |language=en-US}}</ref>” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2019 |title=Liberia, Malawi, and Central African Republic |url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9781666992373.ch-002 |journal=Empowering Women |pages=23–44 |doi=10.5040/9781666992373.ch-002}}</ref> Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya. Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27] ==== Ebibiina mu DPP ==== [[File:Joyce Banda Department for International Development photo crop.jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2012]] Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu myaka egyasooka okutuuka ku bukulembeze bwa Banda, Malawi yali mu mbeera embi ey’ebyenfuna olw’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala mu bufuzi bwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Mu mwaka ogwasembayo ogw’obufuzi bwa Mutharika, Bungereza, Amerika, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank ne African Development Bank byonna byaleka okuwa obuyambi bw’ebyensimbi. Baalaga okutya ku bikolwa bya Mutharika ku demokulasiya mu ggwanga n’obukulembeze bwe obwali butandise okubaamu obutabanguko. Mu March 2012, Mutharika yagamba abakungu bano abava ebweru nti “mugende mu hell.” Yabalumiriza okutegeka okuggyawo gavumenti ye.[48] Ekimu ku bizibu bya Banda ng’omukulembeze kyali kuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi. Era yalina ekizibu eky’okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’eggwanga lye erya Malawi nga Mozambique, n’amawanga agali mu kitundu nga Botswana. Mu wiiki esooka ey’obufuzi bwe, Banda yatandika okukola enkolagana empya okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana ya Malawi n’amawanga amalala.[49] Yayogera ne Henry Bellingham ow’ekitongole kya United Kingdom’s Foreign Office. Yamusuubiza nti omubaka omupya owa Bungereza ajja kutumibwa “mu kiseera ekisinga obumpi.” Yayogera ne Secretary of State Hillary Clinton owa Amerika. Clinton yasubiza okuddamu okuteesa ku ssente za $350 million ez’amasannyalaze mu bwangu ddala. Banda yalangirira enteekateeka okwogera ne Baroness Ashton ow’ekitongole kya European Union’s Foreign Affairs office ne Ruby Randall, omukiise wa IMF mu Malawi. Ye ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Michael Sata baali bamaze okuteesa ku kuddamu okukola enkolagana ennungi.[49] Okusanyusa abawa obuyambi, gavumenti ya Banda era yagaana mu June 2012 okutegekera olukiiko lw’African Union mu July kubanga AU yali egambye nti pulezidenti wa Sudan Omar al-Bashir aweebwe obukakafu nti Malawi ejja kwegaana okuweereza ekiragiro kya ICC ekimukwata; Cabinet yasalawo nti embeera zino tezikkirizibwa.[50] Banda yayogerwako Forbes nga omukyala ow’amaanyi asinga obungi mu nsi, erinnya ly’omu Afrika erisinga obunene ku lukalala. === Enkola y'eggwanga === ===== Obubonero bw'eggwanga ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] Mu myezi ebiri nga bamaze okutandika okukulembera, gavumenti ya Banda yateekawo ekiragiro okuddamu okukozesa bendera ya Malawi eyasooka eya 1964 "rising-sun", ng’eggyako eyakozesebwa mu 2010 wansi wa Bingu wa Mutharika.[51][52] ===== Okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi (2010–2012).svg|thumb|Bbendera etamanyiddwa eya 2010–2012]] Ku 18 May 2012 Banda yalangirira nti agenda kuggyawo amateeka agalwanyisa obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka.[53] Mu November Minisitule y’ebyamateeka yawa ekiragiro eky’okwewala okukwatibwa ku bantu abakola obufumbo obwo nga balina okukkiriziganya, nga balindirira okwekeneenya kwa Palamenti,[54] naye Kkooti Enkulu yasazaamu ekiragiro ekyo mu February 2016, ng’egamba nti Palamenti yokka ye esobola okusazaamu oba okuggyawo amateeka gano.[55] Newankubadde obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka bukyali mu mateeka, okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu kwongedde; Lilongwe yakuba olugendo lw’abavubuka ba LGBT olwasooka mu Malawi nga 26 June 2021.[56] ===== Enkyukakyuka mu by’enfuna n’ensimbi ===== Mu kugoberera amagezi ga International Monetary Fund (IMF), Banda yateekawo enkola y’okukyusa omuwendo gw’ensimbi, era nga 7 May 2012, yakendeeza omuwendo gwa Malawian kwacha ku bitundu 33 ku buli kikumi okusinziira ku ddoola ya Amerika okusobola okuggyawo akatale akatono akaliwo n’okufunamu obuyambi okuva ebweru.[57] * Obuzibu obw’akaseera akatono: Okukendeeza omuwendo gw’ensimbi wamu n’okuteeka ebbeeyi y’amafuta mu mikono gy’abantu, kyaleetera okweyongera kw’ebbeeyi y’ebintu okutuuka ku bitundu 34 ku buli kikumi era ne kuleeta okwegugunga n’okulaga obutali bumativu mu January 2013.[58] * Okuddamu okuzimba mu kiseera ekya wakati: Ku nkomerero ya 2013, IMF yagamba nti “okuddamu okuzimba kutandise… nga kuyambibwa okwongera okufuna ensimbi eziva ebweru” era nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu yatandika okukka.[59] Ekibiina kya Southern African Development Community kyategeka nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu ejja kukendeera okutuuka ku bitundu 19.6 ku buli kikumi mu 2014 ng’omuwendo gw’ensimbi gukutte mu mbeera.[60] * Enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi: U.S. Congressional Research Service yalaga nti abawa obuyambi abasinga abaali basazizzaamu obuyambi bw’ensimbi mu kiseera kya Mutharika baabuzzaayo oluvannyuma lw’enkyukakyuka za Banda, nga mwemuli n’endagaano ya US $350-million eya Millennium Challenge Corporation.[61] Enkyukakyuka zino zaateekebwako mu pulogulaamu ya gavumenti ey’okuddamu okuzimba mu by’enfuna eya 2012–2014, eyateeka enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu katale wamu n’enteekateeka z’okukuuma abantu mu mbeera y’obulamu.[62] ===== Obukadde n’ekyuma kya pulezidenti ===== Okusala ku nsimbi ezikozesebwa mu gavumenti, Banda yasuubiza okukendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30 ku buli kikumi era n’alagira okutunda ekifaananyi kya Dassault Falcon 900EX ekyagulibwa eyamuddirira. Ekifaananyi kino kyatundibwa eri Bohnox Enterprise eyali esangibwa mu British Virgin Islands ku doola za Amerika obukadde 15 mu May 2013.[63] Abakungu ba gavumenti baagamba nti ensimbi zino zaakozesebwa okusasula ebbanja ly’okulwanyisa ne Paramount Group n’okusasula emmere ya kasooli n’eddagala, naye ebibiina by’abantu baawakanya enteekateeka eno era ne basaba ebikwata ku ndagaano.[64] Okutegeeza kwa Parliament’s Public Accounts Committee mu 2021 kwalaga okunoonyereza okuggya ku nsonga eno, newankubadde tewali misango gy’obumenyi bw’amateeka egisimbiddwa mu kkooti.[65] ===== Enkola y’abantu ===== Wadde nga enkola za Banda zaaleeta obwesige mu bawandiisi b’ensimbi n’okufuna ssente z’ebweru, zaaleetawo okulinnya kw’ebbeeyi y’obulamu mu maka agali mu bibuga, ne zikendeeza obuwanguzi bwe mu bantu ng’agenda okulonda kwa 2014. Abanoonyereza bakyalina okwawukanako ku mugaso ogw’ebbanga ddene ogw’okukendeeza ebbeeyi mu 2012, newankubadde IMF ne World Bank balaga nti enkola eno yayamba okuziyiza obuzibu bw’ebyenfuna n’okuteekawo omusingi gw’enkulaakulana empya.[66] ===== Enteekateeka za Pulezidenti ===== Banda alaze obumanyirivu mu kulabirira obulamu bw’abakyala n’eddembe ly’okuzaala, nga asinga okuyita mu kusomesa abakyala ku Malawi. Yalaga obuwagizi bwe ng’atandika Presidential Initiative on Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood. Mu myaka ebiri gyokka, enteekateeka eno yalaga okukendeera kw’omuwendo gw’abakyala abafa nga bazaala okuva ku 675 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa okutuuka ku 460 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa.[67] ===== Bendera ===== Oluvannyuma bendera yakyusibwa mu 2010 gavumenti ya Mutharika, waaliwo okuwakanya okuva mu bantu. Ebibiina bingi byawakanya obutuufu bwa bendera eno. Ku 28 May 2012, Banda yakulembera ababaka ba palamenti okusalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze, eyasooka okuteekebwako mu 1964. Ebibiina byonna, okuggyako DPP, byasalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze.[68] ==== Obulamu oluvannyuma lw’okuba pulezidenti ==== ===== Okuddayo okuva mu buwangwa n’okunoonyereza ku Cashgate (2018) ===== Banda yaddayo e Malawi nga 28 April 2018 oluvannyuma lw’emyaka esatu egy’okweyisa mu buwangwa mu Amerika, gyeyali mukwano omukulu mu Woodrow Wilson Center ne Center for Global Development.[69][70] Newankubadde poliisi yawa ekiragiro kya 2017 okumukwata olw’omusango gwa “Cashgate” ogw’omu 2013, Anti-Corruption Bureau yategeeza mu May 2018 nti okunoonyereza kwali kukyagenda mu maaso era nti Banda teyali akyaliiko musango gw’okusimbibwa mu kkooti.[71] ==== Enkolagana z’ebyokulonda mu 2019–2020 ==== People’s Party yasooka okuteekawo Banda ku kulonda kwa pulezidenti mu 2019, naye nga 15 March 2019 yavaamu n’awagira omuvuganya w’ekibiina ky’obufuzi Lazarus Chakwera.[72][73] Oluvannyuma lwa Kkooti Enkulu okusalawo okuggya ebivudde mu kulonda kwa 2019, Banda yawagira Chakwera mu kulonda okwaddirira mu June 2020 era n’amwebaza mu lujjudde oluvannyuma lw’okuwangula.[74] Mu kabineeti ya Chakwera eyasooka, eyalangirirwa nga 8 July 2020, mwali mutabani wa Banda, Roy Akajuwe Kachale-Banda, ng’omubaka w’ebyobusuubuzi.[75] ==== Okulwanirira n’okuyamba mu nsi yonna (2021–2024) ==== ===== Banda abadde akola ennyo ku nsonga z’ebyobulamu n’enkulaakulana mu nsi yonna. ===== * Mu May 2021 yayingira abakulembeze b’amawanga ne Nobel laureates mu bbaluwa ey’okusaba G7 okukkiriza obutali bw’ensimbi za COVID-19 vaccine era okuddamu okuwangula okulwanyisa AIDS.[76] * Ku 11 March 2023 yali omu ku bantu abasukka mu 200 abasayina People’s Vaccine Alliance “Never Again” statement nga basaba okufuna eby’okulwanyisa ebikwatagana n’obulwadde obw’amaanyi.[77] * Mu February 2023 Banda yafuuka omu ku “grain ambassadors” ba Ukraine, ng’ayamba okuzuula amawanga ga Afrika agasinga okwetaaga emmere ya Ukraine mu kiseera ky’olutalo lwa Russo-Ukrainian War.[78] Okuyita mu Joyce Banda Foundation Trust, yeeyongedde okukola ku by’okukuuma emmere n’okusomesa, nga mwemuli okugabira amaka 500 obusimba bwa kasooli abaakosebwa Cyclone Freddy mu January 2024[79] n’okutandika enteekateeka ya K315 million bursary scheme eri abawala abasoma mu masomero aga secondary mu 2024.[80] ==== Okwesimbawo ku bwa Pulezidenti mu 2025 ==== [[File:Joyce Banda 2025.jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2025]] Ku lunaku lwa 23 June 2025, People’s Party National Executive Committee yakkiriza Banda nga omukwasi w’ekibiina ku bwa Pulezidenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwa 2025. Bwe yalangirira okwesimbawo kwe e Lilongwe, yagamba nti “Malawi eri ku mugga ogw’okusalawo era yeetaaga okulaba empya ekwatiddwa ku kukola kw’abavubuka n’okutumbula abakyala mu by’enfuna.”[81] Okulonda kwe—kweyitibwa “A New Malawi for the Youth Initiatives (A.Ma.Y.I.)”—kulaga obusomesa bw’amasomero ga sekendule obutali bwa kusasula, ebifo by’obulamu eby’okusindikibwa, okukyusa mu by’obuli bw’enguzi n’okutumbula abavubuka mu by’obusuubuzi ng’ebikulu byakyo.[82] Yawangulwa Peter Mutharika. == Joyce Banda Foundation == Ng’akyali tannaba kufuuka omumyuka wa pulezidenti, yali mukulembeze era CEO w’ekitongole ekya Joyce Banda Foundation,[84] ekitongole ekirungi ekikola ku baana n’abafumbo abatalina bazadde mu Malawi okuyita mu masomero. Kiri mu Chimwankhunda area mu Blantyre nga kirimu amasomero ga primary ne secondary. Kirimu n’ekifo ky’okulabirira abaana abatalina bazadde ekirimu ebifo mukaaga n’abaana 600.[85] Era kikola ku byalo ebiriraanye nga kiwa micro-credit eri abakazi 40 n’ebibiina by’abavubuka 10. Kiwa ensigo eri abalimi abasukka mu 10,000 era kiwadde obuyambi obulala. Ekitongole kino kyazimba amalwaliro ana mu byalo 200 bye kisobola okukolako. Era kikola ku nkulaakulana mu byalo. Kirina obukwatagana ne Jack Brewer Foundation, ekitongole ekikola ku nkulaakulana mu nsi yonna ekya NFL star Jack Brewer.[86] == National Association of Business Women == Banda ye mukulembeze w’ekibiina kya National Association of Business Women mu Malawi ekyatandikibwa mu 1990. Kiri mu mateeka ng’ekitongole ekitali kya magoba mu Malawi.[87] Ekibiina kino kirina ekigendererwa okuggyamu abakazi obwavu nga bawanga amaanyi n’okubawa obusobozi mu by’enfuna.[88] Kino kye kibiina ky’abakazi 30,000, ekisanyusa okuwagira bizinensi z’abakazi n’okuyamba abakazi abayagala okwetaba mu bizinensi. Ebikolwa byabwe birimu okutendeka mu bizinensi, okutendeka mu tekinologiya, okukuuma ebyafaayo n’obukugu mu kukulembera.[88] Bakola okuteekateeka okukola emboozi n’abakulembeze abakola amateeka okulaba nga amateeka gabaagaliza abakazi abalina bizinensi.[89] Omukulembeze waakyo kati ye Mary Malunga.[89] Ekitongole kino kibadde n’obukwatagana ne Humanist Institute for Development Cooperation (Hivos) ey’e Netherlands okuva mu 2003.[88] == Philanthropy n’okukulaakulanya ebikolebwa == Banda abadde mu mirimu mingi egy’obusobozi n’abakyala okuva ku myaka 25 okulaba nga wabaawo enkyukakyuka mu mateeka, ddala mu by’enjigiriza. Yatandika Joyce Banda Foundation for Better Education. Yatandika Young Women Leaders Network, National Association of Business Women ne Hunger Project mu Malawi. Ye (nga ali wamu ne Pulezidenti Joaquim Chissano owa Mozambique) yaweebwa ekirabo kya Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger mu 1997 ekitongole ky’e New York ekitali kya gavumenti. Yakozesa ssente z’ekirabo okuzimba ekizimbe kya Joyce Banda foundation for children.[85] Mu 2006, yafuna ekirabo kya International Award for the Health and Dignity of Women olw’okweyisa obulungi ku ddembe ly’abakyala ba Malawi nga bwekikolebwa Americans for United Nations Population Fund.[17] Yaweereza nga commissioner wa "Bridging a World Divided" awamu n’abantu nga Bishop Desmond Tutu, ne United Nations Human Rights Commissioner, Mary Robinson.[8] Banda era yali memba mu Advisory Board for Education mu Washington DC, era mu advisory board ya Federation of World Peace and Love mu Taiwan (China).[8] Mu kiseera ky’okukendeeza ensimbi mu gavumenti mu October 2012, Banda yakendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30%. Era yalangirira nti ennyonyi ya pulezidenti egenda kutundibwa.[90] ==== Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health ==== Mu 2010, Banda yafuuka memba wa Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health,[91] ekibiina ky’abantu kkumi na mukaaga abali mu buyinza n’abakulembeze b’amawanga agasooka, abakozi abakulu n’abalala abakkiriza okutumbula eby’obulamu bw’okuzalira okutuusa ku nkulaakulana ey’olubeerera n’obugagga.[91] Ekikulemberwa omukulembeze w’eggwanga lya Ireland Mary Robinson, abakulembeze bano balaba okukungaanya obuyinza bw’ebyobufuzi n’ensimbi ezetaagisa okufuna obulamu bw’okuzalira eri buli muntu mu 2015 – ekigendererwa ekikulu mu UN Millennium Development Goals.[91] ==== Ebirabo ==== ===== Awaadi z'eggwanga ===== * Woman of the Year, Malawi, 1997 * Woman of the Year, Malawi, 1998 * ''Nyasa Times'' Multimedia "Person of the Year", 2010 ===== Ebikopo by’ensi yonna ===== * Martin Luther King Jr. Drum Major Award, 2012, Washington D.C.[93] * Legends Award for Leadership, 2012, Greater African Methodist Episcopal Church[94] * Women of Substance Award, 2010, African Women Development Fund[95] * Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger, 1997, The Hunger Project, New York[8] * International Award for Entrepreneurship Development, 1998, Africa Federation of Women Entrepreneurs & UN Economic Commission for Africa[8] * 100 Heroines Award, 1998, Rochester, New York[8] * Certificate of Honors, 2001, Federation of World Peace and Love, Taiwan (Republic of China)[8] * Reykjavík Global Forum / Women Political Leaders (WPL) Trailblazer Award, 2020, Iceland[96] ==== Ekitiibwa ==== * ''Forbes'' magazine – World's Most Powerful Women: #40 (2014)<ref name="Forbes14" /> | #47 (2013) | #71 (2012) * ''Forbes'' magazine – Africa's Most Powerful Women: #1 (2012) | #3 (2011) * Included in the "BBC 100 Women" series, October 2014<ref name="bbc100women" /> * Included in "Outstanding Women in Africa" list, 2022, ''New Africa Magazine''<ref name="investigator2022" /> == Laba era == * Malawian Constitutional Crisis 2012 * List of current members of the National Assembly of Malawi == Okusoma okw'okweyongerayo == * Kim Yi Dionne, Boniface Dulani (January 2013). "Constitutional provisions and executive succession: Malawi's 2012 transition in comparative perspective". ''African Affairs''. '''112''' (446): 111–137. doi:10.1093/afraf/ads067. JSTOR&#x20;23357150 == Ebyokulabirako == 8oanw2qdkmq1x2e073qpznemjxmeoao 75878 75877 2026-10-01T11:31:04Z MEvalyn 9841 75878 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q57388}} '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burho |first=Moira Forbes, Maggie McGrath, Erin Spencer Sairam, Erika |title=Forbes World’s Most Powerful Women of 2025 |url=https://https//www.forbes.com/lists/power-women/ |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-10-26 |title=Who are the 100 Women 2014? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-29758792 |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == [[File:Joyce Banda 2025 (profile).jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2025]] Joyce Hilda Ntila<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-04-10 |title=Joyce Banda: Malawi's first female president |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-17662916 |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Malawian President quietly celebrates 62nd birthday {{!}} Malawi news, Malawi - NyasaTimes breaking online news source from Malawi |url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/malawi/2012/04/12/malawian-president-quietly-celebrates-62nd-birthday/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414023610/http://www.nyasatimes.com/malawi/2012/04/12/malawian-president-quietly-celebrates-62nd-birthday/ |archive-date=2012-04-14 |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=www.nyasatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=JB Celebrates Her 62 Birthday In Private {{!}} Malawi Voice |url=http://www.malawivoice.com/2012/04/12/jb-celebrates-her-62-birthday-in-private-67799/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414080836/http://www.malawivoice.com/2012/04/12/jb-celebrates-her-62-birthday-in-private-67799/ |archive-date=2012-04-14 |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=www.malawivoice.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Nation |date=2020-03-31 |title=Faith’s rise against odds |url=https://mwnation.com/faiths-rise-against-odds/ |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Nation Online |language=en-US}}</ref> Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-04-06 |title=Joyce Banda poised for Malawi presidency |url=https://capitalfm.africa/joyce-banda-poised-for-malawi-presidency/ |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Capital FM Kenya |language=en-US}}</ref> Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-10-28 |title=Probe IGP's ‘Fake’ doctorate degree - Academics |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Probe-IGP-s-Fake-doctorate-degree-Academics-481571 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241229191248/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Probe-IGP-s-Fake-doctorate-degree-Academics-481571 |archive-date=2024-12-29 |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=GhanaWeb |language=en-US}}</ref>” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2019 |title=Liberia, Malawi, and Central African Republic |url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9781666992373.ch-002 |journal=Empowering Women |pages=23–44 |doi=10.5040/9781666992373.ch-002}}</ref> Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-03 |title=How Nairobi shaped future president |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/how-nairobi-shaped-future-president--808056 |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Daily Nation |language=en}}</ref> Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.[15][16] Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995).[8] Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.[17] Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27] ==== Ebibiina mu DPP ==== [[File:Joyce Banda Department for International Development photo crop.jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2012]] Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu myaka egyasooka okutuuka ku bukulembeze bwa Banda, Malawi yali mu mbeera embi ey’ebyenfuna olw’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala mu bufuzi bwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Mu mwaka ogwasembayo ogw’obufuzi bwa Mutharika, Bungereza, Amerika, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank ne African Development Bank byonna byaleka okuwa obuyambi bw’ebyensimbi. Baalaga okutya ku bikolwa bya Mutharika ku demokulasiya mu ggwanga n’obukulembeze bwe obwali butandise okubaamu obutabanguko. Mu March 2012, Mutharika yagamba abakungu bano abava ebweru nti “mugende mu hell.” Yabalumiriza okutegeka okuggyawo gavumenti ye.[48] Ekimu ku bizibu bya Banda ng’omukulembeze kyali kuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi. Era yalina ekizibu eky’okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’eggwanga lye erya Malawi nga Mozambique, n’amawanga agali mu kitundu nga Botswana. Mu wiiki esooka ey’obufuzi bwe, Banda yatandika okukola enkolagana empya okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana ya Malawi n’amawanga amalala.[49] Yayogera ne Henry Bellingham ow’ekitongole kya United Kingdom’s Foreign Office. Yamusuubiza nti omubaka omupya owa Bungereza ajja kutumibwa “mu kiseera ekisinga obumpi.” Yayogera ne Secretary of State Hillary Clinton owa Amerika. Clinton yasubiza okuddamu okuteesa ku ssente za $350 million ez’amasannyalaze mu bwangu ddala. Banda yalangirira enteekateeka okwogera ne Baroness Ashton ow’ekitongole kya European Union’s Foreign Affairs office ne Ruby Randall, omukiise wa IMF mu Malawi. Ye ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Michael Sata baali bamaze okuteesa ku kuddamu okukola enkolagana ennungi.[49] Okusanyusa abawa obuyambi, gavumenti ya Banda era yagaana mu June 2012 okutegekera olukiiko lw’African Union mu July kubanga AU yali egambye nti pulezidenti wa Sudan Omar al-Bashir aweebwe obukakafu nti Malawi ejja kwegaana okuweereza ekiragiro kya ICC ekimukwata; Cabinet yasalawo nti embeera zino tezikkirizibwa.[50] Banda yayogerwako Forbes nga omukyala ow’amaanyi asinga obungi mu nsi, erinnya ly’omu Afrika erisinga obunene ku lukalala. === Enkola y'eggwanga === ===== Obubonero bw'eggwanga ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] Mu myezi ebiri nga bamaze okutandika okukulembera, gavumenti ya Banda yateekawo ekiragiro okuddamu okukozesa bendera ya Malawi eyasooka eya 1964 "rising-sun", ng’eggyako eyakozesebwa mu 2010 wansi wa Bingu wa Mutharika.[51][52] ===== Okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi (2010–2012).svg|thumb|Bbendera etamanyiddwa eya 2010–2012]] Ku 18 May 2012 Banda yalangirira nti agenda kuggyawo amateeka agalwanyisa obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka.[53] Mu November Minisitule y’ebyamateeka yawa ekiragiro eky’okwewala okukwatibwa ku bantu abakola obufumbo obwo nga balina okukkiriziganya, nga balindirira okwekeneenya kwa Palamenti,[54] naye Kkooti Enkulu yasazaamu ekiragiro ekyo mu February 2016, ng’egamba nti Palamenti yokka ye esobola okusazaamu oba okuggyawo amateeka gano.[55] Newankubadde obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka bukyali mu mateeka, okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu kwongedde; Lilongwe yakuba olugendo lw’abavubuka ba LGBT olwasooka mu Malawi nga 26 June 2021.[56] ===== Enkyukakyuka mu by’enfuna n’ensimbi ===== Mu kugoberera amagezi ga International Monetary Fund (IMF), Banda yateekawo enkola y’okukyusa omuwendo gw’ensimbi, era nga 7 May 2012, yakendeeza omuwendo gwa Malawian kwacha ku bitundu 33 ku buli kikumi okusinziira ku ddoola ya Amerika okusobola okuggyawo akatale akatono akaliwo n’okufunamu obuyambi okuva ebweru.[57] * Obuzibu obw’akaseera akatono: Okukendeeza omuwendo gw’ensimbi wamu n’okuteeka ebbeeyi y’amafuta mu mikono gy’abantu, kyaleetera okweyongera kw’ebbeeyi y’ebintu okutuuka ku bitundu 34 ku buli kikumi era ne kuleeta okwegugunga n’okulaga obutali bumativu mu January 2013.[58] * Okuddamu okuzimba mu kiseera ekya wakati: Ku nkomerero ya 2013, IMF yagamba nti “okuddamu okuzimba kutandise… nga kuyambibwa okwongera okufuna ensimbi eziva ebweru” era nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu yatandika okukka.[59] Ekibiina kya Southern African Development Community kyategeka nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu ejja kukendeera okutuuka ku bitundu 19.6 ku buli kikumi mu 2014 ng’omuwendo gw’ensimbi gukutte mu mbeera.[60] * Enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi: U.S. Congressional Research Service yalaga nti abawa obuyambi abasinga abaali basazizzaamu obuyambi bw’ensimbi mu kiseera kya Mutharika baabuzzaayo oluvannyuma lw’enkyukakyuka za Banda, nga mwemuli n’endagaano ya US $350-million eya Millennium Challenge Corporation.[61] Enkyukakyuka zino zaateekebwako mu pulogulaamu ya gavumenti ey’okuddamu okuzimba mu by’enfuna eya 2012–2014, eyateeka enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu katale wamu n’enteekateeka z’okukuuma abantu mu mbeera y’obulamu.[62] ===== Obukadde n’ekyuma kya pulezidenti ===== Okusala ku nsimbi ezikozesebwa mu gavumenti, Banda yasuubiza okukendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30 ku buli kikumi era n’alagira okutunda ekifaananyi kya Dassault Falcon 900EX ekyagulibwa eyamuddirira. Ekifaananyi kino kyatundibwa eri Bohnox Enterprise eyali esangibwa mu British Virgin Islands ku doola za Amerika obukadde 15 mu May 2013.[63] Abakungu ba gavumenti baagamba nti ensimbi zino zaakozesebwa okusasula ebbanja ly’okulwanyisa ne Paramount Group n’okusasula emmere ya kasooli n’eddagala, naye ebibiina by’abantu baawakanya enteekateeka eno era ne basaba ebikwata ku ndagaano.[64] Okutegeeza kwa Parliament’s Public Accounts Committee mu 2021 kwalaga okunoonyereza okuggya ku nsonga eno, newankubadde tewali misango gy’obumenyi bw’amateeka egisimbiddwa mu kkooti.[65] ===== Enkola y’abantu ===== Wadde nga enkola za Banda zaaleeta obwesige mu bawandiisi b’ensimbi n’okufuna ssente z’ebweru, zaaleetawo okulinnya kw’ebbeeyi y’obulamu mu maka agali mu bibuga, ne zikendeeza obuwanguzi bwe mu bantu ng’agenda okulonda kwa 2014. Abanoonyereza bakyalina okwawukanako ku mugaso ogw’ebbanga ddene ogw’okukendeeza ebbeeyi mu 2012, newankubadde IMF ne World Bank balaga nti enkola eno yayamba okuziyiza obuzibu bw’ebyenfuna n’okuteekawo omusingi gw’enkulaakulana empya.[66] ===== Enteekateeka za Pulezidenti ===== Banda alaze obumanyirivu mu kulabirira obulamu bw’abakyala n’eddembe ly’okuzaala, nga asinga okuyita mu kusomesa abakyala ku Malawi. Yalaga obuwagizi bwe ng’atandika Presidential Initiative on Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood. Mu myaka ebiri gyokka, enteekateeka eno yalaga okukendeera kw’omuwendo gw’abakyala abafa nga bazaala okuva ku 675 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa okutuuka ku 460 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa.[67] ===== Bendera ===== Oluvannyuma bendera yakyusibwa mu 2010 gavumenti ya Mutharika, waaliwo okuwakanya okuva mu bantu. Ebibiina bingi byawakanya obutuufu bwa bendera eno. Ku 28 May 2012, Banda yakulembera ababaka ba palamenti okusalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze, eyasooka okuteekebwako mu 1964. Ebibiina byonna, okuggyako DPP, byasalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze.[68] ==== Obulamu oluvannyuma lw’okuba pulezidenti ==== ===== Okuddayo okuva mu buwangwa n’okunoonyereza ku Cashgate (2018) ===== Banda yaddayo e Malawi nga 28 April 2018 oluvannyuma lw’emyaka esatu egy’okweyisa mu buwangwa mu Amerika, gyeyali mukwano omukulu mu Woodrow Wilson Center ne Center for Global Development.[69][70] Newankubadde poliisi yawa ekiragiro kya 2017 okumukwata olw’omusango gwa “Cashgate” ogw’omu 2013, Anti-Corruption Bureau yategeeza mu May 2018 nti okunoonyereza kwali kukyagenda mu maaso era nti Banda teyali akyaliiko musango gw’okusimbibwa mu kkooti.[71] ==== Enkolagana z’ebyokulonda mu 2019–2020 ==== People’s Party yasooka okuteekawo Banda ku kulonda kwa pulezidenti mu 2019, naye nga 15 March 2019 yavaamu n’awagira omuvuganya w’ekibiina ky’obufuzi Lazarus Chakwera.[72][73] Oluvannyuma lwa Kkooti Enkulu okusalawo okuggya ebivudde mu kulonda kwa 2019, Banda yawagira Chakwera mu kulonda okwaddirira mu June 2020 era n’amwebaza mu lujjudde oluvannyuma lw’okuwangula.[74] Mu kabineeti ya Chakwera eyasooka, eyalangirirwa nga 8 July 2020, mwali mutabani wa Banda, Roy Akajuwe Kachale-Banda, ng’omubaka w’ebyobusuubuzi.[75] ==== Okulwanirira n’okuyamba mu nsi yonna (2021–2024) ==== ===== Banda abadde akola ennyo ku nsonga z’ebyobulamu n’enkulaakulana mu nsi yonna. ===== * Mu May 2021 yayingira abakulembeze b’amawanga ne Nobel laureates mu bbaluwa ey’okusaba G7 okukkiriza obutali bw’ensimbi za COVID-19 vaccine era okuddamu okuwangula okulwanyisa AIDS.[76] * Ku 11 March 2023 yali omu ku bantu abasukka mu 200 abasayina People’s Vaccine Alliance “Never Again” statement nga basaba okufuna eby’okulwanyisa ebikwatagana n’obulwadde obw’amaanyi.[77] * Mu February 2023 Banda yafuuka omu ku “grain ambassadors” ba Ukraine, ng’ayamba okuzuula amawanga ga Afrika agasinga okwetaaga emmere ya Ukraine mu kiseera ky’olutalo lwa Russo-Ukrainian War.[78] Okuyita mu Joyce Banda Foundation Trust, yeeyongedde okukola ku by’okukuuma emmere n’okusomesa, nga mwemuli okugabira amaka 500 obusimba bwa kasooli abaakosebwa Cyclone Freddy mu January 2024[79] n’okutandika enteekateeka ya K315 million bursary scheme eri abawala abasoma mu masomero aga secondary mu 2024.[80] ==== Okwesimbawo ku bwa Pulezidenti mu 2025 ==== [[File:Joyce Banda 2025.jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2025]] Ku lunaku lwa 23 June 2025, People’s Party National Executive Committee yakkiriza Banda nga omukwasi w’ekibiina ku bwa Pulezidenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwa 2025. Bwe yalangirira okwesimbawo kwe e Lilongwe, yagamba nti “Malawi eri ku mugga ogw’okusalawo era yeetaaga okulaba empya ekwatiddwa ku kukola kw’abavubuka n’okutumbula abakyala mu by’enfuna.”[81] Okulonda kwe—kweyitibwa “A New Malawi for the Youth Initiatives (A.Ma.Y.I.)”—kulaga obusomesa bw’amasomero ga sekendule obutali bwa kusasula, ebifo by’obulamu eby’okusindikibwa, okukyusa mu by’obuli bw’enguzi n’okutumbula abavubuka mu by’obusuubuzi ng’ebikulu byakyo.[82] Yawangulwa Peter Mutharika. == Joyce Banda Foundation == Ng’akyali tannaba kufuuka omumyuka wa pulezidenti, yali mukulembeze era CEO w’ekitongole ekya Joyce Banda Foundation,[84] ekitongole ekirungi ekikola ku baana n’abafumbo abatalina bazadde mu Malawi okuyita mu masomero. Kiri mu Chimwankhunda area mu Blantyre nga kirimu amasomero ga primary ne secondary. Kirimu n’ekifo ky’okulabirira abaana abatalina bazadde ekirimu ebifo mukaaga n’abaana 600.[85] Era kikola ku byalo ebiriraanye nga kiwa micro-credit eri abakazi 40 n’ebibiina by’abavubuka 10. Kiwa ensigo eri abalimi abasukka mu 10,000 era kiwadde obuyambi obulala. Ekitongole kino kyazimba amalwaliro ana mu byalo 200 bye kisobola okukolako. Era kikola ku nkulaakulana mu byalo. Kirina obukwatagana ne Jack Brewer Foundation, ekitongole ekikola ku nkulaakulana mu nsi yonna ekya NFL star Jack Brewer.[86] == National Association of Business Women == Banda ye mukulembeze w’ekibiina kya National Association of Business Women mu Malawi ekyatandikibwa mu 1990. Kiri mu mateeka ng’ekitongole ekitali kya magoba mu Malawi.[87] Ekibiina kino kirina ekigendererwa okuggyamu abakazi obwavu nga bawanga amaanyi n’okubawa obusobozi mu by’enfuna.[88] Kino kye kibiina ky’abakazi 30,000, ekisanyusa okuwagira bizinensi z’abakazi n’okuyamba abakazi abayagala okwetaba mu bizinensi. Ebikolwa byabwe birimu okutendeka mu bizinensi, okutendeka mu tekinologiya, okukuuma ebyafaayo n’obukugu mu kukulembera.[88] Bakola okuteekateeka okukola emboozi n’abakulembeze abakola amateeka okulaba nga amateeka gabaagaliza abakazi abalina bizinensi.[89] Omukulembeze waakyo kati ye Mary Malunga.[89] Ekitongole kino kibadde n’obukwatagana ne Humanist Institute for Development Cooperation (Hivos) ey’e Netherlands okuva mu 2003.[88] == Philanthropy n’okukulaakulanya ebikolebwa == Banda abadde mu mirimu mingi egy’obusobozi n’abakyala okuva ku myaka 25 okulaba nga wabaawo enkyukakyuka mu mateeka, ddala mu by’enjigiriza. Yatandika Joyce Banda Foundation for Better Education. Yatandika Young Women Leaders Network, National Association of Business Women ne Hunger Project mu Malawi. Ye (nga ali wamu ne Pulezidenti Joaquim Chissano owa Mozambique) yaweebwa ekirabo kya Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger mu 1997 ekitongole ky’e New York ekitali kya gavumenti. Yakozesa ssente z’ekirabo okuzimba ekizimbe kya Joyce Banda foundation for children.[85] Mu 2006, yafuna ekirabo kya International Award for the Health and Dignity of Women olw’okweyisa obulungi ku ddembe ly’abakyala ba Malawi nga bwekikolebwa Americans for United Nations Population Fund.[17] Yaweereza nga commissioner wa "Bridging a World Divided" awamu n’abantu nga Bishop Desmond Tutu, ne United Nations Human Rights Commissioner, Mary Robinson.[8] Banda era yali memba mu Advisory Board for Education mu Washington DC, era mu advisory board ya Federation of World Peace and Love mu Taiwan (China).[8] Mu kiseera ky’okukendeeza ensimbi mu gavumenti mu October 2012, Banda yakendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30%. Era yalangirira nti ennyonyi ya pulezidenti egenda kutundibwa.[90] ==== Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health ==== Mu 2010, Banda yafuuka memba wa Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health,[91] ekibiina ky’abantu kkumi na mukaaga abali mu buyinza n’abakulembeze b’amawanga agasooka, abakozi abakulu n’abalala abakkiriza okutumbula eby’obulamu bw’okuzalira okutuusa ku nkulaakulana ey’olubeerera n’obugagga.[91] Ekikulemberwa omukulembeze w’eggwanga lya Ireland Mary Robinson, abakulembeze bano balaba okukungaanya obuyinza bw’ebyobufuzi n’ensimbi ezetaagisa okufuna obulamu bw’okuzalira eri buli muntu mu 2015 – ekigendererwa ekikulu mu UN Millennium Development Goals.[91] ==== Ebirabo ==== ===== Awaadi z'eggwanga ===== * Woman of the Year, Malawi, 1997 * Woman of the Year, Malawi, 1998 * ''Nyasa Times'' Multimedia "Person of the Year", 2010 ===== Ebikopo by’ensi yonna ===== * Martin Luther King Jr. Drum Major Award, 2012, Washington D.C.[93] * Legends Award for Leadership, 2012, Greater African Methodist Episcopal Church[94] * Women of Substance Award, 2010, African Women Development Fund[95] * Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger, 1997, The Hunger Project, New York[8] * International Award for Entrepreneurship Development, 1998, Africa Federation of Women Entrepreneurs & UN Economic Commission for Africa[8] * 100 Heroines Award, 1998, Rochester, New York[8] * Certificate of Honors, 2001, Federation of World Peace and Love, Taiwan (Republic of China)[8] * Reykjavík Global Forum / Women Political Leaders (WPL) Trailblazer Award, 2020, Iceland[96] ==== Ekitiibwa ==== * ''Forbes'' magazine – World's Most Powerful Women: #40 (2014)<ref name="Forbes14" /> | #47 (2013) | #71 (2012) * ''Forbes'' magazine – Africa's Most Powerful Women: #1 (2012) | #3 (2011) * Included in the "BBC 100 Women" series, October 2014<ref name="bbc100women" /> * Included in "Outstanding Women in Africa" list, 2022, ''New Africa Magazine''<ref name="investigator2022" /> == Laba era == * Malawian Constitutional Crisis 2012 * List of current members of the National Assembly of Malawi == Okusoma okw'okweyongerayo == * Kim Yi Dionne, Boniface Dulani (January 2013). "Constitutional provisions and executive succession: Malawi's 2012 transition in comparative perspective". ''African Affairs''. '''112''' (446): 111–137. doi:10.1093/afraf/ads067. JSTOR&#x20;23357150 == Ebyokulabirako == 33ukcnnha8n7ddu3elqwl5kvqg1o7oz 75879 75878 2026-10-01T11:35:59Z MEvalyn 9841 75879 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q57388}} '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burho |first=Moira Forbes, Maggie McGrath, Erin Spencer Sairam, Erika |title=Forbes World’s Most Powerful Women of 2025 |url=https://https//www.forbes.com/lists/power-women/ |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-10-26 |title=Who are the 100 Women 2014? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-29758792 |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == [[File:Joyce Banda 2025 (profile).jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2025]] Joyce Hilda Ntila<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-04-10 |title=Joyce Banda: Malawi's first female president |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-17662916 |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Malawian President quietly celebrates 62nd birthday {{!}} Malawi news, Malawi - NyasaTimes breaking online news source from Malawi |url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/malawi/2012/04/12/malawian-president-quietly-celebrates-62nd-birthday/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414023610/http://www.nyasatimes.com/malawi/2012/04/12/malawian-president-quietly-celebrates-62nd-birthday/ |archive-date=2012-04-14 |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=www.nyasatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=JB Celebrates Her 62 Birthday In Private {{!}} Malawi Voice |url=http://www.malawivoice.com/2012/04/12/jb-celebrates-her-62-birthday-in-private-67799/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414080836/http://www.malawivoice.com/2012/04/12/jb-celebrates-her-62-birthday-in-private-67799/ |archive-date=2012-04-14 |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=www.malawivoice.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Nation |date=2020-03-31 |title=Faith’s rise against odds |url=https://mwnation.com/faiths-rise-against-odds/ |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Nation Online |language=en-US}}</ref> Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-04-06 |title=Joyce Banda poised for Malawi presidency |url=https://capitalfm.africa/joyce-banda-poised-for-malawi-presidency/ |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Capital FM Kenya |language=en-US}}</ref> Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-10-28 |title=Probe IGP's ‘Fake’ doctorate degree - Academics |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Probe-IGP-s-Fake-doctorate-degree-Academics-481571 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241229191248/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Probe-IGP-s-Fake-doctorate-degree-Academics-481571 |archive-date=2024-12-29 |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=GhanaWeb |language=en-US}}</ref>” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2019 |title=Liberia, Malawi, and Central African Republic |url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9781666992373.ch-002 |journal=Empowering Women |pages=23–44 |doi=10.5040/9781666992373.ch-002}}</ref> Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-03 |title=How Nairobi shaped future president |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/how-nairobi-shaped-future-president--808056 |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Daily Nation |language=en}}</ref> Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moderator |date=2013-04-10 |title=Stories on Malawi: (20) New tweets matching Malawi |url=https://storiesonmalawi.blogspot.com/2013/04/20-new-tweets-matching-malawi_6790.html |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Stories on Malawi}}</ref> Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995). Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Friends of UNFPA – Channel Foundation |url=https://www.channelfoundation.org/legacy-grantees/unfpa/ |access-date=2026-10-01 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna. == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27] ==== Ebibiina mu DPP ==== [[File:Joyce Banda Department for International Development photo crop.jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2012]] Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu myaka egyasooka okutuuka ku bukulembeze bwa Banda, Malawi yali mu mbeera embi ey’ebyenfuna olw’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala mu bufuzi bwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Mu mwaka ogwasembayo ogw’obufuzi bwa Mutharika, Bungereza, Amerika, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank ne African Development Bank byonna byaleka okuwa obuyambi bw’ebyensimbi. Baalaga okutya ku bikolwa bya Mutharika ku demokulasiya mu ggwanga n’obukulembeze bwe obwali butandise okubaamu obutabanguko. Mu March 2012, Mutharika yagamba abakungu bano abava ebweru nti “mugende mu hell.” Yabalumiriza okutegeka okuggyawo gavumenti ye.[48] Ekimu ku bizibu bya Banda ng’omukulembeze kyali kuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi. Era yalina ekizibu eky’okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’eggwanga lye erya Malawi nga Mozambique, n’amawanga agali mu kitundu nga Botswana. Mu wiiki esooka ey’obufuzi bwe, Banda yatandika okukola enkolagana empya okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana ya Malawi n’amawanga amalala.[49] Yayogera ne Henry Bellingham ow’ekitongole kya United Kingdom’s Foreign Office. Yamusuubiza nti omubaka omupya owa Bungereza ajja kutumibwa “mu kiseera ekisinga obumpi.” Yayogera ne Secretary of State Hillary Clinton owa Amerika. Clinton yasubiza okuddamu okuteesa ku ssente za $350 million ez’amasannyalaze mu bwangu ddala. Banda yalangirira enteekateeka okwogera ne Baroness Ashton ow’ekitongole kya European Union’s Foreign Affairs office ne Ruby Randall, omukiise wa IMF mu Malawi. Ye ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Michael Sata baali bamaze okuteesa ku kuddamu okukola enkolagana ennungi.[49] Okusanyusa abawa obuyambi, gavumenti ya Banda era yagaana mu June 2012 okutegekera olukiiko lw’African Union mu July kubanga AU yali egambye nti pulezidenti wa Sudan Omar al-Bashir aweebwe obukakafu nti Malawi ejja kwegaana okuweereza ekiragiro kya ICC ekimukwata; Cabinet yasalawo nti embeera zino tezikkirizibwa.[50] Banda yayogerwako Forbes nga omukyala ow’amaanyi asinga obungi mu nsi, erinnya ly’omu Afrika erisinga obunene ku lukalala. === Enkola y'eggwanga === ===== Obubonero bw'eggwanga ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] Mu myezi ebiri nga bamaze okutandika okukulembera, gavumenti ya Banda yateekawo ekiragiro okuddamu okukozesa bendera ya Malawi eyasooka eya 1964 "rising-sun", ng’eggyako eyakozesebwa mu 2010 wansi wa Bingu wa Mutharika.[51][52] ===== Okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi (2010–2012).svg|thumb|Bbendera etamanyiddwa eya 2010–2012]] Ku 18 May 2012 Banda yalangirira nti agenda kuggyawo amateeka agalwanyisa obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka.[53] Mu November Minisitule y’ebyamateeka yawa ekiragiro eky’okwewala okukwatibwa ku bantu abakola obufumbo obwo nga balina okukkiriziganya, nga balindirira okwekeneenya kwa Palamenti,[54] naye Kkooti Enkulu yasazaamu ekiragiro ekyo mu February 2016, ng’egamba nti Palamenti yokka ye esobola okusazaamu oba okuggyawo amateeka gano.[55] Newankubadde obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka bukyali mu mateeka, okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu kwongedde; Lilongwe yakuba olugendo lw’abavubuka ba LGBT olwasooka mu Malawi nga 26 June 2021.[56] ===== Enkyukakyuka mu by’enfuna n’ensimbi ===== Mu kugoberera amagezi ga International Monetary Fund (IMF), Banda yateekawo enkola y’okukyusa omuwendo gw’ensimbi, era nga 7 May 2012, yakendeeza omuwendo gwa Malawian kwacha ku bitundu 33 ku buli kikumi okusinziira ku ddoola ya Amerika okusobola okuggyawo akatale akatono akaliwo n’okufunamu obuyambi okuva ebweru.[57] * Obuzibu obw’akaseera akatono: Okukendeeza omuwendo gw’ensimbi wamu n’okuteeka ebbeeyi y’amafuta mu mikono gy’abantu, kyaleetera okweyongera kw’ebbeeyi y’ebintu okutuuka ku bitundu 34 ku buli kikumi era ne kuleeta okwegugunga n’okulaga obutali bumativu mu January 2013.[58] * Okuddamu okuzimba mu kiseera ekya wakati: Ku nkomerero ya 2013, IMF yagamba nti “okuddamu okuzimba kutandise… nga kuyambibwa okwongera okufuna ensimbi eziva ebweru” era nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu yatandika okukka.[59] Ekibiina kya Southern African Development Community kyategeka nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu ejja kukendeera okutuuka ku bitundu 19.6 ku buli kikumi mu 2014 ng’omuwendo gw’ensimbi gukutte mu mbeera.[60] * Enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi: U.S. Congressional Research Service yalaga nti abawa obuyambi abasinga abaali basazizzaamu obuyambi bw’ensimbi mu kiseera kya Mutharika baabuzzaayo oluvannyuma lw’enkyukakyuka za Banda, nga mwemuli n’endagaano ya US $350-million eya Millennium Challenge Corporation.[61] Enkyukakyuka zino zaateekebwako mu pulogulaamu ya gavumenti ey’okuddamu okuzimba mu by’enfuna eya 2012–2014, eyateeka enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu katale wamu n’enteekateeka z’okukuuma abantu mu mbeera y’obulamu.[62] ===== Obukadde n’ekyuma kya pulezidenti ===== Okusala ku nsimbi ezikozesebwa mu gavumenti, Banda yasuubiza okukendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30 ku buli kikumi era n’alagira okutunda ekifaananyi kya Dassault Falcon 900EX ekyagulibwa eyamuddirira. Ekifaananyi kino kyatundibwa eri Bohnox Enterprise eyali esangibwa mu British Virgin Islands ku doola za Amerika obukadde 15 mu May 2013.[63] Abakungu ba gavumenti baagamba nti ensimbi zino zaakozesebwa okusasula ebbanja ly’okulwanyisa ne Paramount Group n’okusasula emmere ya kasooli n’eddagala, naye ebibiina by’abantu baawakanya enteekateeka eno era ne basaba ebikwata ku ndagaano.[64] Okutegeeza kwa Parliament’s Public Accounts Committee mu 2021 kwalaga okunoonyereza okuggya ku nsonga eno, newankubadde tewali misango gy’obumenyi bw’amateeka egisimbiddwa mu kkooti.[65] ===== Enkola y’abantu ===== Wadde nga enkola za Banda zaaleeta obwesige mu bawandiisi b’ensimbi n’okufuna ssente z’ebweru, zaaleetawo okulinnya kw’ebbeeyi y’obulamu mu maka agali mu bibuga, ne zikendeeza obuwanguzi bwe mu bantu ng’agenda okulonda kwa 2014. Abanoonyereza bakyalina okwawukanako ku mugaso ogw’ebbanga ddene ogw’okukendeeza ebbeeyi mu 2012, newankubadde IMF ne World Bank balaga nti enkola eno yayamba okuziyiza obuzibu bw’ebyenfuna n’okuteekawo omusingi gw’enkulaakulana empya.[66] ===== Enteekateeka za Pulezidenti ===== Banda alaze obumanyirivu mu kulabirira obulamu bw’abakyala n’eddembe ly’okuzaala, nga asinga okuyita mu kusomesa abakyala ku Malawi. Yalaga obuwagizi bwe ng’atandika Presidential Initiative on Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood. Mu myaka ebiri gyokka, enteekateeka eno yalaga okukendeera kw’omuwendo gw’abakyala abafa nga bazaala okuva ku 675 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa okutuuka ku 460 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa.[67] ===== Bendera ===== Oluvannyuma bendera yakyusibwa mu 2010 gavumenti ya Mutharika, waaliwo okuwakanya okuva mu bantu. Ebibiina bingi byawakanya obutuufu bwa bendera eno. Ku 28 May 2012, Banda yakulembera ababaka ba palamenti okusalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze, eyasooka okuteekebwako mu 1964. Ebibiina byonna, okuggyako DPP, byasalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze.[68] ==== Obulamu oluvannyuma lw’okuba pulezidenti ==== ===== Okuddayo okuva mu buwangwa n’okunoonyereza ku Cashgate (2018) ===== Banda yaddayo e Malawi nga 28 April 2018 oluvannyuma lw’emyaka esatu egy’okweyisa mu buwangwa mu Amerika, gyeyali mukwano omukulu mu Woodrow Wilson Center ne Center for Global Development.[69][70] Newankubadde poliisi yawa ekiragiro kya 2017 okumukwata olw’omusango gwa “Cashgate” ogw’omu 2013, Anti-Corruption Bureau yategeeza mu May 2018 nti okunoonyereza kwali kukyagenda mu maaso era nti Banda teyali akyaliiko musango gw’okusimbibwa mu kkooti.[71] ==== Enkolagana z’ebyokulonda mu 2019–2020 ==== People’s Party yasooka okuteekawo Banda ku kulonda kwa pulezidenti mu 2019, naye nga 15 March 2019 yavaamu n’awagira omuvuganya w’ekibiina ky’obufuzi Lazarus Chakwera.[72][73] Oluvannyuma lwa Kkooti Enkulu okusalawo okuggya ebivudde mu kulonda kwa 2019, Banda yawagira Chakwera mu kulonda okwaddirira mu June 2020 era n’amwebaza mu lujjudde oluvannyuma lw’okuwangula.[74] Mu kabineeti ya Chakwera eyasooka, eyalangirirwa nga 8 July 2020, mwali mutabani wa Banda, Roy Akajuwe Kachale-Banda, ng’omubaka w’ebyobusuubuzi.[75] ==== Okulwanirira n’okuyamba mu nsi yonna (2021–2024) ==== ===== Banda abadde akola ennyo ku nsonga z’ebyobulamu n’enkulaakulana mu nsi yonna. ===== * Mu May 2021 yayingira abakulembeze b’amawanga ne Nobel laureates mu bbaluwa ey’okusaba G7 okukkiriza obutali bw’ensimbi za COVID-19 vaccine era okuddamu okuwangula okulwanyisa AIDS.[76] * Ku 11 March 2023 yali omu ku bantu abasukka mu 200 abasayina People’s Vaccine Alliance “Never Again” statement nga basaba okufuna eby’okulwanyisa ebikwatagana n’obulwadde obw’amaanyi.[77] * Mu February 2023 Banda yafuuka omu ku “grain ambassadors” ba Ukraine, ng’ayamba okuzuula amawanga ga Afrika agasinga okwetaaga emmere ya Ukraine mu kiseera ky’olutalo lwa Russo-Ukrainian War.[78] Okuyita mu Joyce Banda Foundation Trust, yeeyongedde okukola ku by’okukuuma emmere n’okusomesa, nga mwemuli okugabira amaka 500 obusimba bwa kasooli abaakosebwa Cyclone Freddy mu January 2024[79] n’okutandika enteekateeka ya K315 million bursary scheme eri abawala abasoma mu masomero aga secondary mu 2024.[80] ==== Okwesimbawo ku bwa Pulezidenti mu 2025 ==== [[File:Joyce Banda 2025.jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2025]] Ku lunaku lwa 23 June 2025, People’s Party National Executive Committee yakkiriza Banda nga omukwasi w’ekibiina ku bwa Pulezidenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwa 2025. Bwe yalangirira okwesimbawo kwe e Lilongwe, yagamba nti “Malawi eri ku mugga ogw’okusalawo era yeetaaga okulaba empya ekwatiddwa ku kukola kw’abavubuka n’okutumbula abakyala mu by’enfuna.”[81] Okulonda kwe—kweyitibwa “A New Malawi for the Youth Initiatives (A.Ma.Y.I.)”—kulaga obusomesa bw’amasomero ga sekendule obutali bwa kusasula, ebifo by’obulamu eby’okusindikibwa, okukyusa mu by’obuli bw’enguzi n’okutumbula abavubuka mu by’obusuubuzi ng’ebikulu byakyo.[82] Yawangulwa Peter Mutharika. == Joyce Banda Foundation == Ng’akyali tannaba kufuuka omumyuka wa pulezidenti, yali mukulembeze era CEO w’ekitongole ekya Joyce Banda Foundation,[84] ekitongole ekirungi ekikola ku baana n’abafumbo abatalina bazadde mu Malawi okuyita mu masomero. Kiri mu Chimwankhunda area mu Blantyre nga kirimu amasomero ga primary ne secondary. Kirimu n’ekifo ky’okulabirira abaana abatalina bazadde ekirimu ebifo mukaaga n’abaana 600.[85] Era kikola ku byalo ebiriraanye nga kiwa micro-credit eri abakazi 40 n’ebibiina by’abavubuka 10. Kiwa ensigo eri abalimi abasukka mu 10,000 era kiwadde obuyambi obulala. Ekitongole kino kyazimba amalwaliro ana mu byalo 200 bye kisobola okukolako. Era kikola ku nkulaakulana mu byalo. Kirina obukwatagana ne Jack Brewer Foundation, ekitongole ekikola ku nkulaakulana mu nsi yonna ekya NFL star Jack Brewer.[86] == National Association of Business Women == Banda ye mukulembeze w’ekibiina kya National Association of Business Women mu Malawi ekyatandikibwa mu 1990. Kiri mu mateeka ng’ekitongole ekitali kya magoba mu Malawi.[87] Ekibiina kino kirina ekigendererwa okuggyamu abakazi obwavu nga bawanga amaanyi n’okubawa obusobozi mu by’enfuna.[88] Kino kye kibiina ky’abakazi 30,000, ekisanyusa okuwagira bizinensi z’abakazi n’okuyamba abakazi abayagala okwetaba mu bizinensi. Ebikolwa byabwe birimu okutendeka mu bizinensi, okutendeka mu tekinologiya, okukuuma ebyafaayo n’obukugu mu kukulembera.[88] Bakola okuteekateeka okukola emboozi n’abakulembeze abakola amateeka okulaba nga amateeka gabaagaliza abakazi abalina bizinensi.[89] Omukulembeze waakyo kati ye Mary Malunga.[89] Ekitongole kino kibadde n’obukwatagana ne Humanist Institute for Development Cooperation (Hivos) ey’e Netherlands okuva mu 2003.[88] == Philanthropy n’okukulaakulanya ebikolebwa == Banda abadde mu mirimu mingi egy’obusobozi n’abakyala okuva ku myaka 25 okulaba nga wabaawo enkyukakyuka mu mateeka, ddala mu by’enjigiriza. Yatandika Joyce Banda Foundation for Better Education. Yatandika Young Women Leaders Network, National Association of Business Women ne Hunger Project mu Malawi. Ye (nga ali wamu ne Pulezidenti Joaquim Chissano owa Mozambique) yaweebwa ekirabo kya Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger mu 1997 ekitongole ky’e New York ekitali kya gavumenti. Yakozesa ssente z’ekirabo okuzimba ekizimbe kya Joyce Banda foundation for children.[85] Mu 2006, yafuna ekirabo kya International Award for the Health and Dignity of Women olw’okweyisa obulungi ku ddembe ly’abakyala ba Malawi nga bwekikolebwa Americans for United Nations Population Fund.[17] Yaweereza nga commissioner wa "Bridging a World Divided" awamu n’abantu nga Bishop Desmond Tutu, ne United Nations Human Rights Commissioner, Mary Robinson.[8] Banda era yali memba mu Advisory Board for Education mu Washington DC, era mu advisory board ya Federation of World Peace and Love mu Taiwan (China).[8] Mu kiseera ky’okukendeeza ensimbi mu gavumenti mu October 2012, Banda yakendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30%. Era yalangirira nti ennyonyi ya pulezidenti egenda kutundibwa.[90] ==== Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health ==== Mu 2010, Banda yafuuka memba wa Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health,[91] ekibiina ky’abantu kkumi na mukaaga abali mu buyinza n’abakulembeze b’amawanga agasooka, abakozi abakulu n’abalala abakkiriza okutumbula eby’obulamu bw’okuzalira okutuusa ku nkulaakulana ey’olubeerera n’obugagga.[91] Ekikulemberwa omukulembeze w’eggwanga lya Ireland Mary Robinson, abakulembeze bano balaba okukungaanya obuyinza bw’ebyobufuzi n’ensimbi ezetaagisa okufuna obulamu bw’okuzalira eri buli muntu mu 2015 – ekigendererwa ekikulu mu UN Millennium Development Goals.[91] ==== Ebirabo ==== ===== Awaadi z'eggwanga ===== * Woman of the Year, Malawi, 1997 * Woman of the Year, Malawi, 1998 * ''Nyasa Times'' Multimedia "Person of the Year", 2010 ===== Ebikopo by’ensi yonna ===== * Martin Luther King Jr. Drum Major Award, 2012, Washington D.C.[93] * Legends Award for Leadership, 2012, Greater African Methodist Episcopal Church[94] * Women of Substance Award, 2010, African Women Development Fund[95] * Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger, 1997, The Hunger Project, New York[8] * International Award for Entrepreneurship Development, 1998, Africa Federation of Women Entrepreneurs & UN Economic Commission for Africa[8] * 100 Heroines Award, 1998, Rochester, New York[8] * Certificate of Honors, 2001, Federation of World Peace and Love, Taiwan (Republic of China)[8] * Reykjavík Global Forum / Women Political Leaders (WPL) Trailblazer Award, 2020, Iceland[96] ==== Ekitiibwa ==== * ''Forbes'' magazine – World's Most Powerful Women: #40 (2014)<ref name="Forbes14" /> | #47 (2013) | #71 (2012) * ''Forbes'' magazine – Africa's Most Powerful Women: #1 (2012) | #3 (2011) * Included in the "BBC 100 Women" series, October 2014<ref name="bbc100women" /> * Included in "Outstanding Women in Africa" list, 2022, ''New Africa Magazine''<ref name="investigator2022" /> == Laba era == * Malawian Constitutional Crisis 2012 * List of current members of the National Assembly of Malawi == Okusoma okw'okweyongerayo == * Kim Yi Dionne, Boniface Dulani (January 2013). "Constitutional provisions and executive succession: Malawi's 2012 transition in comparative perspective". ''African Affairs''. '''112''' (446): 111–137. doi:10.1093/afraf/ads067. JSTOR&#x20;23357150 == Ebyokulabirako == 0nvygyndjg6of61bzj7bxnoblg8xcl8 75880 75879 2026-10-01T11:39:05Z MEvalyn 9841 Added citation 75880 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q57388}} '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burho |first=Moira Forbes, Maggie McGrath, Erin Spencer Sairam, Erika |title=Forbes World’s Most Powerful Women of 2025 |url=https://https//www.forbes.com/lists/power-women/ |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-10-26 |title=Who are the 100 Women 2014? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-29758792 |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == [[File:Joyce Banda 2025 (profile).jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2025]] Joyce Hilda Ntila<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-04-10 |title=Joyce Banda: Malawi's first female president |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-17662916 |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Malawian President quietly celebrates 62nd birthday {{!}} Malawi news, Malawi - NyasaTimes breaking online news source from Malawi |url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/malawi/2012/04/12/malawian-president-quietly-celebrates-62nd-birthday/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414023610/http://www.nyasatimes.com/malawi/2012/04/12/malawian-president-quietly-celebrates-62nd-birthday/ |archive-date=2012-04-14 |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=www.nyasatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=JB Celebrates Her 62 Birthday In Private {{!}} Malawi Voice |url=http://www.malawivoice.com/2012/04/12/jb-celebrates-her-62-birthday-in-private-67799/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414080836/http://www.malawivoice.com/2012/04/12/jb-celebrates-her-62-birthday-in-private-67799/ |archive-date=2012-04-14 |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=www.malawivoice.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Nation |date=2020-03-31 |title=Faith’s rise against odds |url=https://mwnation.com/faiths-rise-against-odds/ |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Nation Online |language=en-US}}</ref> Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-04-06 |title=Joyce Banda poised for Malawi presidency |url=https://capitalfm.africa/joyce-banda-poised-for-malawi-presidency/ |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Capital FM Kenya |language=en-US}}</ref> Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-10-28 |title=Probe IGP's ‘Fake’ doctorate degree - Academics |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Probe-IGP-s-Fake-doctorate-degree-Academics-481571 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241229191248/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Probe-IGP-s-Fake-doctorate-degree-Academics-481571 |archive-date=2024-12-29 |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=GhanaWeb |language=en-US}}</ref>” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2019 |title=Liberia, Malawi, and Central African Republic |url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9781666992373.ch-002 |journal=Empowering Women |pages=23–44 |doi=10.5040/9781666992373.ch-002}}</ref> Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-03 |title=How Nairobi shaped future president |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/how-nairobi-shaped-future-president--808056 |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Daily Nation |language=en}}</ref> Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moderator |date=2013-04-10 |title=Stories on Malawi: (20) New tweets matching Malawi |url=https://storiesonmalawi.blogspot.com/2013/04/20-new-tweets-matching-malawi_6790.html |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Stories on Malawi}}</ref> Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995). Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Friends of UNFPA – Channel Foundation |url=https://www.channelfoundation.org/legacy-grantees/unfpa/ |access-date=2026-10-01 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Reporter |first=Staff |date=2012-04-16 |title=Madonna: I’m happy Joyce Banda is Malawi’s leader |url=https://www.namibian.com.na/madonna-im-happy-joyce-banda-is-malawis-leader/ |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=The Namibian |language=en-US}}</ref> == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.[17] Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27] ==== Ebibiina mu DPP ==== [[File:Joyce Banda Department for International Development photo crop.jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2012]] Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu myaka egyasooka okutuuka ku bukulembeze bwa Banda, Malawi yali mu mbeera embi ey’ebyenfuna olw’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala mu bufuzi bwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Mu mwaka ogwasembayo ogw’obufuzi bwa Mutharika, Bungereza, Amerika, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank ne African Development Bank byonna byaleka okuwa obuyambi bw’ebyensimbi. Baalaga okutya ku bikolwa bya Mutharika ku demokulasiya mu ggwanga n’obukulembeze bwe obwali butandise okubaamu obutabanguko. Mu March 2012, Mutharika yagamba abakungu bano abava ebweru nti “mugende mu hell.” Yabalumiriza okutegeka okuggyawo gavumenti ye.[48] Ekimu ku bizibu bya Banda ng’omukulembeze kyali kuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi. Era yalina ekizibu eky’okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’eggwanga lye erya Malawi nga Mozambique, n’amawanga agali mu kitundu nga Botswana. Mu wiiki esooka ey’obufuzi bwe, Banda yatandika okukola enkolagana empya okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana ya Malawi n’amawanga amalala.[49] Yayogera ne Henry Bellingham ow’ekitongole kya United Kingdom’s Foreign Office. Yamusuubiza nti omubaka omupya owa Bungereza ajja kutumibwa “mu kiseera ekisinga obumpi.” Yayogera ne Secretary of State Hillary Clinton owa Amerika. Clinton yasubiza okuddamu okuteesa ku ssente za $350 million ez’amasannyalaze mu bwangu ddala. Banda yalangirira enteekateeka okwogera ne Baroness Ashton ow’ekitongole kya European Union’s Foreign Affairs office ne Ruby Randall, omukiise wa IMF mu Malawi. Ye ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Michael Sata baali bamaze okuteesa ku kuddamu okukola enkolagana ennungi.[49] Okusanyusa abawa obuyambi, gavumenti ya Banda era yagaana mu June 2012 okutegekera olukiiko lw’African Union mu July kubanga AU yali egambye nti pulezidenti wa Sudan Omar al-Bashir aweebwe obukakafu nti Malawi ejja kwegaana okuweereza ekiragiro kya ICC ekimukwata; Cabinet yasalawo nti embeera zino tezikkirizibwa.[50] Banda yayogerwako Forbes nga omukyala ow’amaanyi asinga obungi mu nsi, erinnya ly’omu Afrika erisinga obunene ku lukalala. === Enkola y'eggwanga === ===== Obubonero bw'eggwanga ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] Mu myezi ebiri nga bamaze okutandika okukulembera, gavumenti ya Banda yateekawo ekiragiro okuddamu okukozesa bendera ya Malawi eyasooka eya 1964 "rising-sun", ng’eggyako eyakozesebwa mu 2010 wansi wa Bingu wa Mutharika.[51][52] ===== Okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi (2010–2012).svg|thumb|Bbendera etamanyiddwa eya 2010–2012]] Ku 18 May 2012 Banda yalangirira nti agenda kuggyawo amateeka agalwanyisa obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka.[53] Mu November Minisitule y’ebyamateeka yawa ekiragiro eky’okwewala okukwatibwa ku bantu abakola obufumbo obwo nga balina okukkiriziganya, nga balindirira okwekeneenya kwa Palamenti,[54] naye Kkooti Enkulu yasazaamu ekiragiro ekyo mu February 2016, ng’egamba nti Palamenti yokka ye esobola okusazaamu oba okuggyawo amateeka gano.[55] Newankubadde obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka bukyali mu mateeka, okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu kwongedde; Lilongwe yakuba olugendo lw’abavubuka ba LGBT olwasooka mu Malawi nga 26 June 2021.[56] ===== Enkyukakyuka mu by’enfuna n’ensimbi ===== Mu kugoberera amagezi ga International Monetary Fund (IMF), Banda yateekawo enkola y’okukyusa omuwendo gw’ensimbi, era nga 7 May 2012, yakendeeza omuwendo gwa Malawian kwacha ku bitundu 33 ku buli kikumi okusinziira ku ddoola ya Amerika okusobola okuggyawo akatale akatono akaliwo n’okufunamu obuyambi okuva ebweru.[57] * Obuzibu obw’akaseera akatono: Okukendeeza omuwendo gw’ensimbi wamu n’okuteeka ebbeeyi y’amafuta mu mikono gy’abantu, kyaleetera okweyongera kw’ebbeeyi y’ebintu okutuuka ku bitundu 34 ku buli kikumi era ne kuleeta okwegugunga n’okulaga obutali bumativu mu January 2013.[58] * Okuddamu okuzimba mu kiseera ekya wakati: Ku nkomerero ya 2013, IMF yagamba nti “okuddamu okuzimba kutandise… nga kuyambibwa okwongera okufuna ensimbi eziva ebweru” era nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu yatandika okukka.[59] Ekibiina kya Southern African Development Community kyategeka nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu ejja kukendeera okutuuka ku bitundu 19.6 ku buli kikumi mu 2014 ng’omuwendo gw’ensimbi gukutte mu mbeera.[60] * Enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi: U.S. Congressional Research Service yalaga nti abawa obuyambi abasinga abaali basazizzaamu obuyambi bw’ensimbi mu kiseera kya Mutharika baabuzzaayo oluvannyuma lw’enkyukakyuka za Banda, nga mwemuli n’endagaano ya US $350-million eya Millennium Challenge Corporation.[61] Enkyukakyuka zino zaateekebwako mu pulogulaamu ya gavumenti ey’okuddamu okuzimba mu by’enfuna eya 2012–2014, eyateeka enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu katale wamu n’enteekateeka z’okukuuma abantu mu mbeera y’obulamu.[62] ===== Obukadde n’ekyuma kya pulezidenti ===== Okusala ku nsimbi ezikozesebwa mu gavumenti, Banda yasuubiza okukendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30 ku buli kikumi era n’alagira okutunda ekifaananyi kya Dassault Falcon 900EX ekyagulibwa eyamuddirira. Ekifaananyi kino kyatundibwa eri Bohnox Enterprise eyali esangibwa mu British Virgin Islands ku doola za Amerika obukadde 15 mu May 2013.[63] Abakungu ba gavumenti baagamba nti ensimbi zino zaakozesebwa okusasula ebbanja ly’okulwanyisa ne Paramount Group n’okusasula emmere ya kasooli n’eddagala, naye ebibiina by’abantu baawakanya enteekateeka eno era ne basaba ebikwata ku ndagaano.[64] Okutegeeza kwa Parliament’s Public Accounts Committee mu 2021 kwalaga okunoonyereza okuggya ku nsonga eno, newankubadde tewali misango gy’obumenyi bw’amateeka egisimbiddwa mu kkooti.[65] ===== Enkola y’abantu ===== Wadde nga enkola za Banda zaaleeta obwesige mu bawandiisi b’ensimbi n’okufuna ssente z’ebweru, zaaleetawo okulinnya kw’ebbeeyi y’obulamu mu maka agali mu bibuga, ne zikendeeza obuwanguzi bwe mu bantu ng’agenda okulonda kwa 2014. Abanoonyereza bakyalina okwawukanako ku mugaso ogw’ebbanga ddene ogw’okukendeeza ebbeeyi mu 2012, newankubadde IMF ne World Bank balaga nti enkola eno yayamba okuziyiza obuzibu bw’ebyenfuna n’okuteekawo omusingi gw’enkulaakulana empya.[66] ===== Enteekateeka za Pulezidenti ===== Banda alaze obumanyirivu mu kulabirira obulamu bw’abakyala n’eddembe ly’okuzaala, nga asinga okuyita mu kusomesa abakyala ku Malawi. Yalaga obuwagizi bwe ng’atandika Presidential Initiative on Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood. Mu myaka ebiri gyokka, enteekateeka eno yalaga okukendeera kw’omuwendo gw’abakyala abafa nga bazaala okuva ku 675 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa okutuuka ku 460 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa.[67] ===== Bendera ===== Oluvannyuma bendera yakyusibwa mu 2010 gavumenti ya Mutharika, waaliwo okuwakanya okuva mu bantu. Ebibiina bingi byawakanya obutuufu bwa bendera eno. Ku 28 May 2012, Banda yakulembera ababaka ba palamenti okusalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze, eyasooka okuteekebwako mu 1964. Ebibiina byonna, okuggyako DPP, byasalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze.[68] ==== Obulamu oluvannyuma lw’okuba pulezidenti ==== ===== Okuddayo okuva mu buwangwa n’okunoonyereza ku Cashgate (2018) ===== Banda yaddayo e Malawi nga 28 April 2018 oluvannyuma lw’emyaka esatu egy’okweyisa mu buwangwa mu Amerika, gyeyali mukwano omukulu mu Woodrow Wilson Center ne Center for Global Development.[69][70] Newankubadde poliisi yawa ekiragiro kya 2017 okumukwata olw’omusango gwa “Cashgate” ogw’omu 2013, Anti-Corruption Bureau yategeeza mu May 2018 nti okunoonyereza kwali kukyagenda mu maaso era nti Banda teyali akyaliiko musango gw’okusimbibwa mu kkooti.[71] ==== Enkolagana z’ebyokulonda mu 2019–2020 ==== People’s Party yasooka okuteekawo Banda ku kulonda kwa pulezidenti mu 2019, naye nga 15 March 2019 yavaamu n’awagira omuvuganya w’ekibiina ky’obufuzi Lazarus Chakwera.[72][73] Oluvannyuma lwa Kkooti Enkulu okusalawo okuggya ebivudde mu kulonda kwa 2019, Banda yawagira Chakwera mu kulonda okwaddirira mu June 2020 era n’amwebaza mu lujjudde oluvannyuma lw’okuwangula.[74] Mu kabineeti ya Chakwera eyasooka, eyalangirirwa nga 8 July 2020, mwali mutabani wa Banda, Roy Akajuwe Kachale-Banda, ng’omubaka w’ebyobusuubuzi.[75] ==== Okulwanirira n’okuyamba mu nsi yonna (2021–2024) ==== ===== Banda abadde akola ennyo ku nsonga z’ebyobulamu n’enkulaakulana mu nsi yonna. ===== * Mu May 2021 yayingira abakulembeze b’amawanga ne Nobel laureates mu bbaluwa ey’okusaba G7 okukkiriza obutali bw’ensimbi za COVID-19 vaccine era okuddamu okuwangula okulwanyisa AIDS.[76] * Ku 11 March 2023 yali omu ku bantu abasukka mu 200 abasayina People’s Vaccine Alliance “Never Again” statement nga basaba okufuna eby’okulwanyisa ebikwatagana n’obulwadde obw’amaanyi.[77] * Mu February 2023 Banda yafuuka omu ku “grain ambassadors” ba Ukraine, ng’ayamba okuzuula amawanga ga Afrika agasinga okwetaaga emmere ya Ukraine mu kiseera ky’olutalo lwa Russo-Ukrainian War.[78] Okuyita mu Joyce Banda Foundation Trust, yeeyongedde okukola ku by’okukuuma emmere n’okusomesa, nga mwemuli okugabira amaka 500 obusimba bwa kasooli abaakosebwa Cyclone Freddy mu January 2024[79] n’okutandika enteekateeka ya K315 million bursary scheme eri abawala abasoma mu masomero aga secondary mu 2024.[80] ==== Okwesimbawo ku bwa Pulezidenti mu 2025 ==== [[File:Joyce Banda 2025.jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2025]] Ku lunaku lwa 23 June 2025, People’s Party National Executive Committee yakkiriza Banda nga omukwasi w’ekibiina ku bwa Pulezidenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwa 2025. Bwe yalangirira okwesimbawo kwe e Lilongwe, yagamba nti “Malawi eri ku mugga ogw’okusalawo era yeetaaga okulaba empya ekwatiddwa ku kukola kw’abavubuka n’okutumbula abakyala mu by’enfuna.”[81] Okulonda kwe—kweyitibwa “A New Malawi for the Youth Initiatives (A.Ma.Y.I.)”—kulaga obusomesa bw’amasomero ga sekendule obutali bwa kusasula, ebifo by’obulamu eby’okusindikibwa, okukyusa mu by’obuli bw’enguzi n’okutumbula abavubuka mu by’obusuubuzi ng’ebikulu byakyo.[82] Yawangulwa Peter Mutharika. == Joyce Banda Foundation == Ng’akyali tannaba kufuuka omumyuka wa pulezidenti, yali mukulembeze era CEO w’ekitongole ekya Joyce Banda Foundation,[84] ekitongole ekirungi ekikola ku baana n’abafumbo abatalina bazadde mu Malawi okuyita mu masomero. Kiri mu Chimwankhunda area mu Blantyre nga kirimu amasomero ga primary ne secondary. Kirimu n’ekifo ky’okulabirira abaana abatalina bazadde ekirimu ebifo mukaaga n’abaana 600.[85] Era kikola ku byalo ebiriraanye nga kiwa micro-credit eri abakazi 40 n’ebibiina by’abavubuka 10. Kiwa ensigo eri abalimi abasukka mu 10,000 era kiwadde obuyambi obulala. Ekitongole kino kyazimba amalwaliro ana mu byalo 200 bye kisobola okukolako. Era kikola ku nkulaakulana mu byalo. Kirina obukwatagana ne Jack Brewer Foundation, ekitongole ekikola ku nkulaakulana mu nsi yonna ekya NFL star Jack Brewer.[86] == National Association of Business Women == Banda ye mukulembeze w’ekibiina kya National Association of Business Women mu Malawi ekyatandikibwa mu 1990. Kiri mu mateeka ng’ekitongole ekitali kya magoba mu Malawi.[87] Ekibiina kino kirina ekigendererwa okuggyamu abakazi obwavu nga bawanga amaanyi n’okubawa obusobozi mu by’enfuna.[88] Kino kye kibiina ky’abakazi 30,000, ekisanyusa okuwagira bizinensi z’abakazi n’okuyamba abakazi abayagala okwetaba mu bizinensi. Ebikolwa byabwe birimu okutendeka mu bizinensi, okutendeka mu tekinologiya, okukuuma ebyafaayo n’obukugu mu kukulembera.[88] Bakola okuteekateeka okukola emboozi n’abakulembeze abakola amateeka okulaba nga amateeka gabaagaliza abakazi abalina bizinensi.[89] Omukulembeze waakyo kati ye Mary Malunga.[89] Ekitongole kino kibadde n’obukwatagana ne Humanist Institute for Development Cooperation (Hivos) ey’e Netherlands okuva mu 2003.[88] == Philanthropy n’okukulaakulanya ebikolebwa == Banda abadde mu mirimu mingi egy’obusobozi n’abakyala okuva ku myaka 25 okulaba nga wabaawo enkyukakyuka mu mateeka, ddala mu by’enjigiriza. Yatandika Joyce Banda Foundation for Better Education. Yatandika Young Women Leaders Network, National Association of Business Women ne Hunger Project mu Malawi. Ye (nga ali wamu ne Pulezidenti Joaquim Chissano owa Mozambique) yaweebwa ekirabo kya Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger mu 1997 ekitongole ky’e New York ekitali kya gavumenti. Yakozesa ssente z’ekirabo okuzimba ekizimbe kya Joyce Banda foundation for children.[85] Mu 2006, yafuna ekirabo kya International Award for the Health and Dignity of Women olw’okweyisa obulungi ku ddembe ly’abakyala ba Malawi nga bwekikolebwa Americans for United Nations Population Fund.[17] Yaweereza nga commissioner wa "Bridging a World Divided" awamu n’abantu nga Bishop Desmond Tutu, ne United Nations Human Rights Commissioner, Mary Robinson.[8] Banda era yali memba mu Advisory Board for Education mu Washington DC, era mu advisory board ya Federation of World Peace and Love mu Taiwan (China).[8] Mu kiseera ky’okukendeeza ensimbi mu gavumenti mu October 2012, Banda yakendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30%. Era yalangirira nti ennyonyi ya pulezidenti egenda kutundibwa.[90] ==== Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health ==== Mu 2010, Banda yafuuka memba wa Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health,[91] ekibiina ky’abantu kkumi na mukaaga abali mu buyinza n’abakulembeze b’amawanga agasooka, abakozi abakulu n’abalala abakkiriza okutumbula eby’obulamu bw’okuzalira okutuusa ku nkulaakulana ey’olubeerera n’obugagga.[91] Ekikulemberwa omukulembeze w’eggwanga lya Ireland Mary Robinson, abakulembeze bano balaba okukungaanya obuyinza bw’ebyobufuzi n’ensimbi ezetaagisa okufuna obulamu bw’okuzalira eri buli muntu mu 2015 – ekigendererwa ekikulu mu UN Millennium Development Goals.[91] ==== Ebirabo ==== ===== Awaadi z'eggwanga ===== * Woman of the Year, Malawi, 1997 * Woman of the Year, Malawi, 1998 * ''Nyasa Times'' Multimedia "Person of the Year", 2010 ===== Ebikopo by’ensi yonna ===== * Martin Luther King Jr. Drum Major Award, 2012, Washington D.C.[93] * Legends Award for Leadership, 2012, Greater African Methodist Episcopal Church[94] * Women of Substance Award, 2010, African Women Development Fund[95] * Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger, 1997, The Hunger Project, New York[8] * International Award for Entrepreneurship Development, 1998, Africa Federation of Women Entrepreneurs & UN Economic Commission for Africa[8] * 100 Heroines Award, 1998, Rochester, New York[8] * Certificate of Honors, 2001, Federation of World Peace and Love, Taiwan (Republic of China)[8] * Reykjavík Global Forum / Women Political Leaders (WPL) Trailblazer Award, 2020, Iceland[96] ==== Ekitiibwa ==== * ''Forbes'' magazine – World's Most Powerful Women: #40 (2014)<ref name="Forbes14" /> | #47 (2013) | #71 (2012) * ''Forbes'' magazine – Africa's Most Powerful Women: #1 (2012) | #3 (2011) * Included in the "BBC 100 Women" series, October 2014<ref name="bbc100women" /> * Included in "Outstanding Women in Africa" list, 2022, ''New Africa Magazine''<ref name="investigator2022" /> == Laba era == * Malawian Constitutional Crisis 2012 * List of current members of the National Assembly of Malawi == Okusoma okw'okweyongerayo == * Kim Yi Dionne, Boniface Dulani (January 2013). "Constitutional provisions and executive succession: Malawi's 2012 transition in comparative perspective". ''African Affairs''. '''112''' (446): 111–137. doi:10.1093/afraf/ads067. JSTOR&#x20;23357150 == Ebyokulabirako == cwq7ecwe6grwm1an527zcwehqb53vqe 75882 75880 2026-10-01T11:40:14Z MEvalyn 9841 75882 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q57388}} '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burho |first=Moira Forbes, Maggie McGrath, Erin Spencer Sairam, Erika |title=Forbes World’s Most Powerful Women of 2025 |url=https://https//www.forbes.com/lists/power-women/ |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-10-26 |title=Who are the 100 Women 2014? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-29758792 |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == [[File:Joyce Banda 2025 (profile).jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2025]] Joyce Hilda Ntila<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-04-10 |title=Joyce Banda: Malawi's first female president |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-17662916 |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Malawian President quietly celebrates 62nd birthday {{!}} Malawi news, Malawi - NyasaTimes breaking online news source from Malawi |url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/malawi/2012/04/12/malawian-president-quietly-celebrates-62nd-birthday/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414023610/http://www.nyasatimes.com/malawi/2012/04/12/malawian-president-quietly-celebrates-62nd-birthday/ |archive-date=2012-04-14 |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=www.nyasatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=JB Celebrates Her 62 Birthday In Private {{!}} Malawi Voice |url=http://www.malawivoice.com/2012/04/12/jb-celebrates-her-62-birthday-in-private-67799/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414080836/http://www.malawivoice.com/2012/04/12/jb-celebrates-her-62-birthday-in-private-67799/ |archive-date=2012-04-14 |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=www.malawivoice.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Nation |date=2020-03-31 |title=Faith’s rise against odds |url=https://mwnation.com/faiths-rise-against-odds/ |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Nation Online |language=en-US}}</ref> Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-04-06 |title=Joyce Banda poised for Malawi presidency |url=https://capitalfm.africa/joyce-banda-poised-for-malawi-presidency/ |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Capital FM Kenya |language=en-US}}</ref> Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-10-28 |title=Probe IGP's ‘Fake’ doctorate degree - Academics |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Probe-IGP-s-Fake-doctorate-degree-Academics-481571 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241229191248/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Probe-IGP-s-Fake-doctorate-degree-Academics-481571 |archive-date=2024-12-29 |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=GhanaWeb |language=en-US}}</ref>” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2019 |title=Liberia, Malawi, and Central African Republic |url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9781666992373.ch-002 |journal=Empowering Women |pages=23–44 |doi=10.5040/9781666992373.ch-002}}</ref> Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-03 |title=How Nairobi shaped future president |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/how-nairobi-shaped-future-president--808056 |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Daily Nation |language=en}}</ref> Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moderator |date=2013-04-10 |title=Stories on Malawi: (20) New tweets matching Malawi |url=https://storiesonmalawi.blogspot.com/2013/04/20-new-tweets-matching-malawi_6790.html |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Stories on Malawi}}</ref> Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995). Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Friends of UNFPA – Channel Foundation |url=https://www.channelfoundation.org/legacy-grantees/unfpa/ |access-date=2026-10-01 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Reporter |first=Staff |date=2012-04-16 |title=Madonna: I’m happy Joyce Banda is Malawi’s leader |url=https://www.namibian.com.na/madonna-im-happy-joyce-banda-is-malawis-leader/ |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=The Namibian |language=en-US}}</ref> == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.<ref name=":1" /> Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.[17] Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27] ==== Ebibiina mu DPP ==== [[File:Joyce Banda Department for International Development photo crop.jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2012]] Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu myaka egyasooka okutuuka ku bukulembeze bwa Banda, Malawi yali mu mbeera embi ey’ebyenfuna olw’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala mu bufuzi bwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Mu mwaka ogwasembayo ogw’obufuzi bwa Mutharika, Bungereza, Amerika, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank ne African Development Bank byonna byaleka okuwa obuyambi bw’ebyensimbi. Baalaga okutya ku bikolwa bya Mutharika ku demokulasiya mu ggwanga n’obukulembeze bwe obwali butandise okubaamu obutabanguko. Mu March 2012, Mutharika yagamba abakungu bano abava ebweru nti “mugende mu hell.” Yabalumiriza okutegeka okuggyawo gavumenti ye.[48] Ekimu ku bizibu bya Banda ng’omukulembeze kyali kuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi. Era yalina ekizibu eky’okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’eggwanga lye erya Malawi nga Mozambique, n’amawanga agali mu kitundu nga Botswana. Mu wiiki esooka ey’obufuzi bwe, Banda yatandika okukola enkolagana empya okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana ya Malawi n’amawanga amalala.[49] Yayogera ne Henry Bellingham ow’ekitongole kya United Kingdom’s Foreign Office. Yamusuubiza nti omubaka omupya owa Bungereza ajja kutumibwa “mu kiseera ekisinga obumpi.” Yayogera ne Secretary of State Hillary Clinton owa Amerika. Clinton yasubiza okuddamu okuteesa ku ssente za $350 million ez’amasannyalaze mu bwangu ddala. Banda yalangirira enteekateeka okwogera ne Baroness Ashton ow’ekitongole kya European Union’s Foreign Affairs office ne Ruby Randall, omukiise wa IMF mu Malawi. Ye ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Michael Sata baali bamaze okuteesa ku kuddamu okukola enkolagana ennungi.[49] Okusanyusa abawa obuyambi, gavumenti ya Banda era yagaana mu June 2012 okutegekera olukiiko lw’African Union mu July kubanga AU yali egambye nti pulezidenti wa Sudan Omar al-Bashir aweebwe obukakafu nti Malawi ejja kwegaana okuweereza ekiragiro kya ICC ekimukwata; Cabinet yasalawo nti embeera zino tezikkirizibwa.[50] Banda yayogerwako Forbes nga omukyala ow’amaanyi asinga obungi mu nsi, erinnya ly’omu Afrika erisinga obunene ku lukalala. === Enkola y'eggwanga === ===== Obubonero bw'eggwanga ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] Mu myezi ebiri nga bamaze okutandika okukulembera, gavumenti ya Banda yateekawo ekiragiro okuddamu okukozesa bendera ya Malawi eyasooka eya 1964 "rising-sun", ng’eggyako eyakozesebwa mu 2010 wansi wa Bingu wa Mutharika.[51][52] ===== Okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi (2010–2012).svg|thumb|Bbendera etamanyiddwa eya 2010–2012]] Ku 18 May 2012 Banda yalangirira nti agenda kuggyawo amateeka agalwanyisa obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka.[53] Mu November Minisitule y’ebyamateeka yawa ekiragiro eky’okwewala okukwatibwa ku bantu abakola obufumbo obwo nga balina okukkiriziganya, nga balindirira okwekeneenya kwa Palamenti,[54] naye Kkooti Enkulu yasazaamu ekiragiro ekyo mu February 2016, ng’egamba nti Palamenti yokka ye esobola okusazaamu oba okuggyawo amateeka gano.[55] Newankubadde obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka bukyali mu mateeka, okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu kwongedde; Lilongwe yakuba olugendo lw’abavubuka ba LGBT olwasooka mu Malawi nga 26 June 2021.[56] ===== Enkyukakyuka mu by’enfuna n’ensimbi ===== Mu kugoberera amagezi ga International Monetary Fund (IMF), Banda yateekawo enkola y’okukyusa omuwendo gw’ensimbi, era nga 7 May 2012, yakendeeza omuwendo gwa Malawian kwacha ku bitundu 33 ku buli kikumi okusinziira ku ddoola ya Amerika okusobola okuggyawo akatale akatono akaliwo n’okufunamu obuyambi okuva ebweru.[57] * Obuzibu obw’akaseera akatono: Okukendeeza omuwendo gw’ensimbi wamu n’okuteeka ebbeeyi y’amafuta mu mikono gy’abantu, kyaleetera okweyongera kw’ebbeeyi y’ebintu okutuuka ku bitundu 34 ku buli kikumi era ne kuleeta okwegugunga n’okulaga obutali bumativu mu January 2013.[58] * Okuddamu okuzimba mu kiseera ekya wakati: Ku nkomerero ya 2013, IMF yagamba nti “okuddamu okuzimba kutandise… nga kuyambibwa okwongera okufuna ensimbi eziva ebweru” era nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu yatandika okukka.[59] Ekibiina kya Southern African Development Community kyategeka nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu ejja kukendeera okutuuka ku bitundu 19.6 ku buli kikumi mu 2014 ng’omuwendo gw’ensimbi gukutte mu mbeera.[60] * Enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi: U.S. Congressional Research Service yalaga nti abawa obuyambi abasinga abaali basazizzaamu obuyambi bw’ensimbi mu kiseera kya Mutharika baabuzzaayo oluvannyuma lw’enkyukakyuka za Banda, nga mwemuli n’endagaano ya US $350-million eya Millennium Challenge Corporation.[61] Enkyukakyuka zino zaateekebwako mu pulogulaamu ya gavumenti ey’okuddamu okuzimba mu by’enfuna eya 2012–2014, eyateeka enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu katale wamu n’enteekateeka z’okukuuma abantu mu mbeera y’obulamu.[62] ===== Obukadde n’ekyuma kya pulezidenti ===== Okusala ku nsimbi ezikozesebwa mu gavumenti, Banda yasuubiza okukendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30 ku buli kikumi era n’alagira okutunda ekifaananyi kya Dassault Falcon 900EX ekyagulibwa eyamuddirira. Ekifaananyi kino kyatundibwa eri Bohnox Enterprise eyali esangibwa mu British Virgin Islands ku doola za Amerika obukadde 15 mu May 2013.[63] Abakungu ba gavumenti baagamba nti ensimbi zino zaakozesebwa okusasula ebbanja ly’okulwanyisa ne Paramount Group n’okusasula emmere ya kasooli n’eddagala, naye ebibiina by’abantu baawakanya enteekateeka eno era ne basaba ebikwata ku ndagaano.[64] Okutegeeza kwa Parliament’s Public Accounts Committee mu 2021 kwalaga okunoonyereza okuggya ku nsonga eno, newankubadde tewali misango gy’obumenyi bw’amateeka egisimbiddwa mu kkooti.[65] ===== Enkola y’abantu ===== Wadde nga enkola za Banda zaaleeta obwesige mu bawandiisi b’ensimbi n’okufuna ssente z’ebweru, zaaleetawo okulinnya kw’ebbeeyi y’obulamu mu maka agali mu bibuga, ne zikendeeza obuwanguzi bwe mu bantu ng’agenda okulonda kwa 2014. Abanoonyereza bakyalina okwawukanako ku mugaso ogw’ebbanga ddene ogw’okukendeeza ebbeeyi mu 2012, newankubadde IMF ne World Bank balaga nti enkola eno yayamba okuziyiza obuzibu bw’ebyenfuna n’okuteekawo omusingi gw’enkulaakulana empya.[66] ===== Enteekateeka za Pulezidenti ===== Banda alaze obumanyirivu mu kulabirira obulamu bw’abakyala n’eddembe ly’okuzaala, nga asinga okuyita mu kusomesa abakyala ku Malawi. Yalaga obuwagizi bwe ng’atandika Presidential Initiative on Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood. Mu myaka ebiri gyokka, enteekateeka eno yalaga okukendeera kw’omuwendo gw’abakyala abafa nga bazaala okuva ku 675 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa okutuuka ku 460 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa.[67] ===== Bendera ===== Oluvannyuma bendera yakyusibwa mu 2010 gavumenti ya Mutharika, waaliwo okuwakanya okuva mu bantu. Ebibiina bingi byawakanya obutuufu bwa bendera eno. Ku 28 May 2012, Banda yakulembera ababaka ba palamenti okusalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze, eyasooka okuteekebwako mu 1964. Ebibiina byonna, okuggyako DPP, byasalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze.[68] ==== Obulamu oluvannyuma lw’okuba pulezidenti ==== ===== Okuddayo okuva mu buwangwa n’okunoonyereza ku Cashgate (2018) ===== Banda yaddayo e Malawi nga 28 April 2018 oluvannyuma lw’emyaka esatu egy’okweyisa mu buwangwa mu Amerika, gyeyali mukwano omukulu mu Woodrow Wilson Center ne Center for Global Development.[69][70] Newankubadde poliisi yawa ekiragiro kya 2017 okumukwata olw’omusango gwa “Cashgate” ogw’omu 2013, Anti-Corruption Bureau yategeeza mu May 2018 nti okunoonyereza kwali kukyagenda mu maaso era nti Banda teyali akyaliiko musango gw’okusimbibwa mu kkooti.[71] ==== Enkolagana z’ebyokulonda mu 2019–2020 ==== People’s Party yasooka okuteekawo Banda ku kulonda kwa pulezidenti mu 2019, naye nga 15 March 2019 yavaamu n’awagira omuvuganya w’ekibiina ky’obufuzi Lazarus Chakwera.[72][73] Oluvannyuma lwa Kkooti Enkulu okusalawo okuggya ebivudde mu kulonda kwa 2019, Banda yawagira Chakwera mu kulonda okwaddirira mu June 2020 era n’amwebaza mu lujjudde oluvannyuma lw’okuwangula.[74] Mu kabineeti ya Chakwera eyasooka, eyalangirirwa nga 8 July 2020, mwali mutabani wa Banda, Roy Akajuwe Kachale-Banda, ng’omubaka w’ebyobusuubuzi.[75] ==== Okulwanirira n’okuyamba mu nsi yonna (2021–2024) ==== ===== Banda abadde akola ennyo ku nsonga z’ebyobulamu n’enkulaakulana mu nsi yonna. ===== * Mu May 2021 yayingira abakulembeze b’amawanga ne Nobel laureates mu bbaluwa ey’okusaba G7 okukkiriza obutali bw’ensimbi za COVID-19 vaccine era okuddamu okuwangula okulwanyisa AIDS.[76] * Ku 11 March 2023 yali omu ku bantu abasukka mu 200 abasayina People’s Vaccine Alliance “Never Again” statement nga basaba okufuna eby’okulwanyisa ebikwatagana n’obulwadde obw’amaanyi.[77] * Mu February 2023 Banda yafuuka omu ku “grain ambassadors” ba Ukraine, ng’ayamba okuzuula amawanga ga Afrika agasinga okwetaaga emmere ya Ukraine mu kiseera ky’olutalo lwa Russo-Ukrainian War.[78] Okuyita mu Joyce Banda Foundation Trust, yeeyongedde okukola ku by’okukuuma emmere n’okusomesa, nga mwemuli okugabira amaka 500 obusimba bwa kasooli abaakosebwa Cyclone Freddy mu January 2024[79] n’okutandika enteekateeka ya K315 million bursary scheme eri abawala abasoma mu masomero aga secondary mu 2024.[80] ==== Okwesimbawo ku bwa Pulezidenti mu 2025 ==== [[File:Joyce Banda 2025.jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2025]] Ku lunaku lwa 23 June 2025, People’s Party National Executive Committee yakkiriza Banda nga omukwasi w’ekibiina ku bwa Pulezidenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwa 2025. Bwe yalangirira okwesimbawo kwe e Lilongwe, yagamba nti “Malawi eri ku mugga ogw’okusalawo era yeetaaga okulaba empya ekwatiddwa ku kukola kw’abavubuka n’okutumbula abakyala mu by’enfuna.”[81] Okulonda kwe—kweyitibwa “A New Malawi for the Youth Initiatives (A.Ma.Y.I.)”—kulaga obusomesa bw’amasomero ga sekendule obutali bwa kusasula, ebifo by’obulamu eby’okusindikibwa, okukyusa mu by’obuli bw’enguzi n’okutumbula abavubuka mu by’obusuubuzi ng’ebikulu byakyo.[82] Yawangulwa Peter Mutharika. == Joyce Banda Foundation == Ng’akyali tannaba kufuuka omumyuka wa pulezidenti, yali mukulembeze era CEO w’ekitongole ekya Joyce Banda Foundation,[84] ekitongole ekirungi ekikola ku baana n’abafumbo abatalina bazadde mu Malawi okuyita mu masomero. Kiri mu Chimwankhunda area mu Blantyre nga kirimu amasomero ga primary ne secondary. Kirimu n’ekifo ky’okulabirira abaana abatalina bazadde ekirimu ebifo mukaaga n’abaana 600.[85] Era kikola ku byalo ebiriraanye nga kiwa micro-credit eri abakazi 40 n’ebibiina by’abavubuka 10. Kiwa ensigo eri abalimi abasukka mu 10,000 era kiwadde obuyambi obulala. Ekitongole kino kyazimba amalwaliro ana mu byalo 200 bye kisobola okukolako. Era kikola ku nkulaakulana mu byalo. Kirina obukwatagana ne Jack Brewer Foundation, ekitongole ekikola ku nkulaakulana mu nsi yonna ekya NFL star Jack Brewer.[86] == National Association of Business Women == Banda ye mukulembeze w’ekibiina kya National Association of Business Women mu Malawi ekyatandikibwa mu 1990. Kiri mu mateeka ng’ekitongole ekitali kya magoba mu Malawi.[87] Ekibiina kino kirina ekigendererwa okuggyamu abakazi obwavu nga bawanga amaanyi n’okubawa obusobozi mu by’enfuna.[88] Kino kye kibiina ky’abakazi 30,000, ekisanyusa okuwagira bizinensi z’abakazi n’okuyamba abakazi abayagala okwetaba mu bizinensi. Ebikolwa byabwe birimu okutendeka mu bizinensi, okutendeka mu tekinologiya, okukuuma ebyafaayo n’obukugu mu kukulembera.[88] Bakola okuteekateeka okukola emboozi n’abakulembeze abakola amateeka okulaba nga amateeka gabaagaliza abakazi abalina bizinensi.[89] Omukulembeze waakyo kati ye Mary Malunga.[89] Ekitongole kino kibadde n’obukwatagana ne Humanist Institute for Development Cooperation (Hivos) ey’e Netherlands okuva mu 2003.[88] == Philanthropy n’okukulaakulanya ebikolebwa == Banda abadde mu mirimu mingi egy’obusobozi n’abakyala okuva ku myaka 25 okulaba nga wabaawo enkyukakyuka mu mateeka, ddala mu by’enjigiriza. Yatandika Joyce Banda Foundation for Better Education. Yatandika Young Women Leaders Network, National Association of Business Women ne Hunger Project mu Malawi. Ye (nga ali wamu ne Pulezidenti Joaquim Chissano owa Mozambique) yaweebwa ekirabo kya Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger mu 1997 ekitongole ky’e New York ekitali kya gavumenti. Yakozesa ssente z’ekirabo okuzimba ekizimbe kya Joyce Banda foundation for children.[85] Mu 2006, yafuna ekirabo kya International Award for the Health and Dignity of Women olw’okweyisa obulungi ku ddembe ly’abakyala ba Malawi nga bwekikolebwa Americans for United Nations Population Fund.[17] Yaweereza nga commissioner wa "Bridging a World Divided" awamu n’abantu nga Bishop Desmond Tutu, ne United Nations Human Rights Commissioner, Mary Robinson.[8] Banda era yali memba mu Advisory Board for Education mu Washington DC, era mu advisory board ya Federation of World Peace and Love mu Taiwan (China).[8] Mu kiseera ky’okukendeeza ensimbi mu gavumenti mu October 2012, Banda yakendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30%. Era yalangirira nti ennyonyi ya pulezidenti egenda kutundibwa.[90] ==== Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health ==== Mu 2010, Banda yafuuka memba wa Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health,[91] ekibiina ky’abantu kkumi na mukaaga abali mu buyinza n’abakulembeze b’amawanga agasooka, abakozi abakulu n’abalala abakkiriza okutumbula eby’obulamu bw’okuzalira okutuusa ku nkulaakulana ey’olubeerera n’obugagga.[91] Ekikulemberwa omukulembeze w’eggwanga lya Ireland Mary Robinson, abakulembeze bano balaba okukungaanya obuyinza bw’ebyobufuzi n’ensimbi ezetaagisa okufuna obulamu bw’okuzalira eri buli muntu mu 2015 – ekigendererwa ekikulu mu UN Millennium Development Goals.[91] ==== Ebirabo ==== ===== Awaadi z'eggwanga ===== * Woman of the Year, Malawi, 1997 * Woman of the Year, Malawi, 1998 * ''Nyasa Times'' Multimedia "Person of the Year", 2010 ===== Ebikopo by’ensi yonna ===== * Martin Luther King Jr. Drum Major Award, 2012, Washington D.C.[93] * Legends Award for Leadership, 2012, Greater African Methodist Episcopal Church[94] * Women of Substance Award, 2010, African Women Development Fund[95] * Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger, 1997, The Hunger Project, New York[8] * International Award for Entrepreneurship Development, 1998, Africa Federation of Women Entrepreneurs & UN Economic Commission for Africa[8] * 100 Heroines Award, 1998, Rochester, New York[8] * Certificate of Honors, 2001, Federation of World Peace and Love, Taiwan (Republic of China)[8] * Reykjavík Global Forum / Women Political Leaders (WPL) Trailblazer Award, 2020, Iceland[96] ==== Ekitiibwa ==== * ''Forbes'' magazine – World's Most Powerful Women: #40 (2014)<ref name="Forbes14" /> | #47 (2013) | #71 (2012) * ''Forbes'' magazine – Africa's Most Powerful Women: #1 (2012) | #3 (2011) * Included in the "BBC 100 Women" series, October 2014<ref name="bbc100women" /> * Included in "Outstanding Women in Africa" list, 2022, ''New Africa Magazine''<ref name="investigator2022" /> == Laba era == * Malawian Constitutional Crisis 2012 * List of current members of the National Assembly of Malawi == Okusoma okw'okweyongerayo == * Kim Yi Dionne, Boniface Dulani (January 2013). "Constitutional provisions and executive succession: Malawi's 2012 transition in comparative perspective". ''African Affairs''. '''112''' (446): 111–137. doi:10.1093/afraf/ads067. JSTOR&#x20;23357150 == Ebyokulabirako == nsgmjjqhslc3ojvn228qiezb5e44td6 75883 75882 2026-10-01T11:40:59Z MEvalyn 9841 75883 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|item=Q57388}} '''Joyce Hilda Banda''' (eyazaalibwa nga Ntila; yazaalibwa nga 12 Apuli 1950) ye munnabyabufuzi, omusomesa era omulwanirizi w’eddembe okuva e Malawi eyakolanga ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi ow’okuna okuva mu 2012 okutuuka mu 2014. Yafuuka pulezidenti oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Bingu wa Mutharika, gwe yakolera nga vice president ow’okuna okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2012. Omubaka wa People’s Party, Banda abadde akulembera ekibiina kino okuva lwe kyatandikibwawo mu 2011. Ye mukyala asooka okuba pulezidenti wa Malawi era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri, oluvannyuma lwa Elizabeth II, era omutwe gw’eggwanga ogwokubiri mu Africa, oluvannyuma lwa Ellen Johnson Sirleaf owa Liberia. Banda yazaalibwa mu Malemia, n’asoma ku Columbus University ne Royal Roads University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s ne master’s degree mu arts, ate Atlantic International University n’afuna diguli ya bachelor’s mu social science mu myaka gy’emyaka gya 1970. Oluvannyuma yatandikawo Joyce Banda Foundation, National Association of Business Women (NABW), Young Women Leaders Network, ne Hunger Project. Banda yayingira ebyobufuzi mu 1999 era n’alondebwa mu National Assembly nga memba wa United Democratic Front (UDF) ekibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi. Mu 2004, Banda yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’obulamu bw’abakyala, abaana n’okukola emirimu gy’abantu abakulu okuva eri Pulezidenti Mutharika. Mu kiseera kye mu kifo kino, yakakasizza etteeka lya Domestic Violence Bill erya 2006, era n’ateekawo National Platform for Action on Orphans and Vulnerable Children ne Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse. Banda oluvannyuma yateekebwako Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru, era n’akyusa obuwanguzi bwa Malawi okuva ku Republic of China okudda ku People’s Republic of China ng’agezaako okuleeta enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna mu Malawi. Mu 2009, Mutharika yaddamu okulonda era n’alonda Banda okuba omubaka we mu kulonda okw’eggwanga, era tikiti yaabwe n’ewangula, n’afuuka vice president asooka. Ekiseera kya Banda nga vice president kyali kijjudde obutakkaanya wakati we ne Mutharika kubanga Banda yagaana okukkiriza muganda wa Mutharika Peter okubeera omusika we ku bukulembeze bw’eggwanga. Banda oluvannyuma yasindikibwa ebweru mu DPP era n’atandikawo People’s Party, naye n’asigala nga vice president nga bwe kiragiddwa mu Ssemateeka. Mu April 2012, Mutharika yafa; nga bwe kiri mu Ssemateeka, Banda nga vice president yandifuuse pulezidenti. Naye abamu ku ba DPP abaalina obwesige eri Mutharika baagezaako okuteekawo muganda we nga pulezidenti, ne batandika obuzibu mu kusikira obukulembeze. Wadde nga kino kyaliwo, Banda, nga bwe kiragiddwa mu mateeka, yafuuka pulezidenti ng’ayambibwa amagye agawagira Ssemateeka. Mu 2014, Banda yawangulwa mu kulonda okw’eggwanga Peter Mutharika, muganda wa Bingu eyafa. Nga Banda mu kusooka yagaana okukkiriza n’asaba okulonda okuddamu, ng’agamba nti waliwo obubbi, oluvannyuma yakkiriza n’awaayo obuyinza eri Mutharika nga 31 May. Mu June 2014, Forbes yamulonda nga omukyala ow’amaanyi ogw’okusatu mu nsi yonna era nga ye mukyala ow’amaanyi ennyo mu Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Burho |first=Moira Forbes, Maggie McGrath, Erin Spencer Sairam, Erika |title=Forbes World’s Most Powerful Women of 2025 |url=https://https//www.forbes.com/lists/power-women/ |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref>Mu October 2014, yateekebwa mu BBC’s 100 Women.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-10-26 |title=Who are the 100 Women 2014? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-29758792 |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe n’obw’eka == [[File:Joyce Banda 2025 (profile).jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2025]] Joyce Hilda Ntila<ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-04-10 |title=Joyce Banda: Malawi's first female president |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-17662916 |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> yazaalibwa nga 12 April 1950 mu Malemia, ekyalo mu Zomba District eya Nyasaland (kati Malawi).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Malawian President quietly celebrates 62nd birthday {{!}} Malawi news, Malawi - NyasaTimes breaking online news source from Malawi |url=http://www.nyasatimes.com/malawi/2012/04/12/malawian-president-quietly-celebrates-62nd-birthday/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414023610/http://www.nyasatimes.com/malawi/2012/04/12/malawian-president-quietly-celebrates-62nd-birthday/ |archive-date=2012-04-14 |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=www.nyasatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=JB Celebrates Her 62 Birthday In Private {{!}} Malawi Voice |url=http://www.malawivoice.com/2012/04/12/jb-celebrates-her-62-birthday-in-private-67799/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414080836/http://www.malawivoice.com/2012/04/12/jb-celebrates-her-62-birthday-in-private-67799/ |archive-date=2012-04-14 |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=www.malawivoice.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Yasoma ku Providence Secondary School.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Nation |date=2020-03-31 |title=Faith’s rise against odds |url=https://mwnation.com/faiths-rise-against-odds/ |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Nation Online |language=en-US}}</ref> Kitaawe yali omuyimbi wa police brass band. Yatandika okukola nga secretary era n’afuuka omuntu amanyiddwa ennyo mu kiseera kya dictator Hastings Banda.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-04-06 |title=Joyce Banda poised for Malawi presidency |url=https://capitalfm.africa/joyce-banda-poised-for-malawi-presidency/ |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Capital FM Kenya |language=en-US}}</ref> Yafuna Cambridge School Certificate, Bachelor of Arts Degree mu Early Childhood Education okuva mu Columbus University (ekitongole ekitalina kukkirizibwa), Bachelor of Social Studies mu Gender Studies okuva mu Atlantic International University (nayo etalina kukkirizibwa) ne Diploma mu Management of NGOs okuva mu International Labour Organization (ILO) Centre mu Turin, Italy. Atlantic International University kyogerwako ng’ekifo ekikola diguli ezitali za mazima, era diguli zaayo zikyusiddwa nnyo nga “fake.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-10-28 |title=Probe IGP's ‘Fake’ doctorate degree - Academics |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Probe-IGP-s-Fake-doctorate-degree-Academics-481571 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20241229191248/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Probe-IGP-s-Fake-doctorate-degree-Academics-481571 |archive-date=2024-12-29 |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=GhanaWeb |language=en-US}}</ref>” Yafuna ne Master of Arts degree mu Leadership okuva mu Royal Roads University mu Canada, ne doctorate ey’ekitiibwa mu 2013 okuva mu Jeonju University.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2019 |title=Liberia, Malawi, and Central African Republic |url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9781666992373.ch-002 |journal=Empowering Women |pages=23–44 |doi=10.5040/9781666992373.ch-002}}</ref> Yawasa Roy Kachale, gye yazaala abaana basatu. Nga ali ku myaka 25, yali abeera Nairobi, Kenya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-03 |title=How Nairobi shaped future president |url=https://nation.africa/kenya/news/how-nairobi-shaped-future-president--808056 |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Daily Nation |language=en}}</ref> Mu 1975, okugenda mu maaso kw’abakyala mu Kenya kwalaga Banda okutwala abaana be basatu n’ava mu bufumbo obwali bumukubiriza obubi.[14] Obufumbo bwe ne Roy Kachele bwaggwa mu 1981. Oluvannyuma yawasa Richard Banda, omulamuzi omukulu ow’eddembe mu Malawi, gye yazaala abaana babiri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moderator |date=2013-04-10 |title=Stories on Malawi: (20) New tweets matching Malawi |url=https://storiesonmalawi.blogspot.com/2013/04/20-new-tweets-matching-malawi_6790.html |access-date=2026-10-01 |website=Stories on Malawi}}</ref> Wakati wa 1985 ne 1997 Banda yakulembera era n’atandikawo bizinensi n’ebitongole ebitali bimu nga Ndekani Garments (1985), Akajuwe Enterprises (1992), ne Kalingidza Bakery (1995). Okutuuka kwe kwamuleetera okuyamba abakyala abalala okufuna obwetwaze mu by’enfuna n’okumalawo obwavu n’okukozesebwa obubi.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Friends of UNFPA – Channel Foundation |url=https://www.channelfoundation.org/legacy-grantees/unfpa/ |access-date=2026-10-01 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ye muganda wa Anjimile Oponyo, eyali CEO wa Raising Malawi Academy for Girls, eyayambibwa Madonna.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Reporter |first=Staff |date=2012-04-16 |title=Madonna: I’m happy Joyce Banda is Malawi’s leader |url=https://www.namibian.com.na/madonna-im-happy-joyce-banda-is-malawis-leader/ |access-date=2026-10-01 |work=The Namibian |language=en-US}}</ref> == Obulamu bw’ebyobufuzi == === Emirimu gy’obukulembeze (1999–2009) === Joyce Banda yayingira mu byobufuzi mu 1999. Yawangula ekifo mu Palamenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwokusatu okwa demokulasiya ng’omubaka wa kibiina kya Pulezidenti Bakili Muluzi, United Democratic Front. Yakikiriranga Zomba Malosa constituency.<ref name=":1" /> Muluzi yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’obusajja n’eby’abantu.[7] Nga minisita, yakola okulwanyisa okussa mu mateeka Domestic Violence Bill eyali etaddeko emyaka musanvu nga tekyakolebwa.[20] Yakola National Platform for Action ku baana abatalina bazadde n’abaana abali mu buzibu era n’atandika Zero Tolerance Campaign Against Child Abuse.<ref name=":1" /> Mu 2004, yaddamu okulondebwa nga memba wa kibiina kya Muluzi. Bingu wa Mutharika yafuuka Pulezidenti. Newankubadde Banda teyali memba wa kibiina kye, Mutharika yamuteekako nga Minisita w’eby’ensonga z’ebweru mu 2006. Banda yasindika okukyusa engeri Malawi gye yakkiriza gavumenti ya China okuva ku Republic of China (ku Taiwan) okudda ku People’s Republic of China ku lukalu; yagamba nti kino kyandireese obugagga eri Malawi.[7] Mu 2010, China yamaliriza okuzimba ekizimbe kipya kya Palamenti e Lilongwe.[21] === Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti (2009–2012) === Banda yagenda mu kalulu ka 2009 nga omuwandiisi wa DP, ng’awerekerwako Mutharika, omuwandiisi wa DP ow’obwapulezidenti.[22] Yaweereza nga omukyala asooka okuba omumyuka wa Pulezidenti mu Malawi. Mu kusalawo okutali kwategeerekeka okuva mu DPP, Joyce Banda ne second vice-president Khumbo Kachali baasimbibwa nga bamumyuka ba DPP nga 12 December 2010 olw’ebikolwa ‘eby’okulwanyisa ekibiina.’[23] Mu kugezaako okumugoba, pulezidenti yeeyongera okumuwa emirimu egyali gyakolebwako Callista Mutharika, eyateekebwa mu kabineeti mu September 2011.[24] Kkooti yagaana Mutharika okumugoba nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti ku nsonga za ssemateeka. Kino kyali kirimu okuggyako emotoka ye ey’obukulembeze n’okumugaana okuwandiisa ekibiina kye ekipya.[25][26] Ku 8 September 2011, ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti kyalekebwa mu kukyusa kabineeti. Naye yali akyali Vice-President mu mateeka kubanga ekifo kino kyali kisabiddwa mu ssemateeka.[24] Yayogerwako omwogezi wa DPP Hetherwick Ntaba okulekulira ekifo ky’omumyuka wa Pulezidenti.[27] ==== Ebibiina mu DPP ==== [[File:Joyce Banda Department for International Development photo crop.jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2012]] Enkolagana wakati wa Banda ne Pulezidenti Bingu wa Mutharika yali etandise okubaamu obutakkaanya olw’okugezaako kwa Mutharika okuteekawo muganda we Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we.[23] Newankubadde nga yasibwa ku kifo ky’obumyuka bwa Pulezidenti wa DPP wamu ne Second Vice-President Khumbo Kachali, yakomekkereza okukola nga omumyuka wa Pulezidenti wa Malawi nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu ssemateeka.[23] Kino kyaleetera abantu bangi okuva mu DPP n’okutandika ebibiina ebyamuwagira okufuuka Pulezidenti wa Malawi mu kulonda kwa 2014.[28] DPP yagaana nti abantu bangi tebaavaamu era n’egamba nti baali batono bokka.[28] People’s Party Banda ye mutandisi era mukulembeze wa People’s Party, eyatandikibwa mu 2011 oluvannyuma lw’okugobebwa mu DPP bwe yagaana okuwagira muganda wa Pulezidenti Mutharika omuto Peter Mutharika ng’omusikira we mu kulonda kwa 2014.[29][30] Pulezidenti (2012 – May 2014) Okukyusa obuyinza Ku 5 April 2012, Pulezidenti Mutharika yafa.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwe gavumenti yalemwa okutegeeza abantu mu budde nti pulezidenti afudde. Kino kyaleeta okutya kw’okubaawo kw’obuzibu mu ssemateeka mu Malawi.[32][33][34][35] Agence France-Presse yayogera ku Pulezidenti wa Malawi eyasooka Bakili Muluzi ng’agamba nti “ssemateeka alina okugobererwa”, ng’agamba nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti ateekeddwa okutwala obuyinza mu ssemateeka. “Ndi kusaba ssemateeka agobererwe, okukuuma emirembe n’obutebenkevu. Amateeka ga Malawi galambika bulungi nti omumyuka wa pulezidenti atwala obuyinza singa pulezidenti aliwo tasobola kukulembera. Tulina okwewala ekizibu ky’obutabanguko. Tugoberere ssemateeka. Tetulina ky’okusalawo okuggyako okugoberera ssemateeka. Ky’amaanyi nnyo nti waliwo emirembe n’obutebenkevu.”[36] Ab’ebyokwerinda ba Malawi nabo baayagala ssemateeka agobererwe.[37] Ekitongole ky’amateeka ekya Malawi Law Society kyakakasa nti mu kitundu 83(4) mu ssemateeka wa Malawi, ye yali omusikira omutuufu ku bukulembeze bwa Pulezidenti.[38] Ku 7 April, kabineeti ya Malawi yasaba kkooti okugaana Banda okufuuka pulezidenti. Ye n’akuba essimu eri omuduumizi w’amagye, General Henry Odillo, n’amusaba amuwagire. Yamukkiriza n’ateekawo abajaasi okwetooloola ennyumba ye.[39] Joyce Banda yalayirwa ku 7 April 2012 ng’omukulembeze wa Malawi, omukazi asoose okubeera mu kifo kino.[40] Omulamuzi omukulu Lovemore Munlo yali akulira omukolo ogwali ku National Assembly mu Lilongwe.[31] Oluvannyuma lw’okulayira, Banda yasaba obumu bw’eggwanga. “Njagala ffenna tukyuse tugende mu maaso n’essuubi n’omwoyo gw’obumu n’obwegassi... Nsuubira tujja kubeera bumu era nsuubira nti ng’eggwanga erisaba Katonda, twakkirize Katonda ajje mu maaso gaffe kubanga singa tetukikola, tuba tumaze okulemererwa.”[40] Abamawulire ba Malawi n’ensi yonna baalaga okutongoza kwa Joyce Banda nga kwali kwa mirembe. Baakuyita obuwanguzi bwa demokulaasi. Olupapula lwa Malawi Sunday Times lwagamba nti okutongoza kwa pulezidenti omuggya kwali “kuyambye okunyweza n’okussa obuwangwa bwa demokulaasi mu ggwanga.”[41] === Okulonda abakungu ba Cabinet n’okufiirwa okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 2014 === Ku 26 April 2012, Banda yalonda cabinet ye eyali erimu baminisita 23 n’abamyuka baabwe mwenda. Yawaayo ebifo eby’enkizo okunyweza amaanyi ge nga mukulembeze w’eggwanga.[42] Ku 10 October 2013, ennaku entono oluvannyuma lw’okudda okuva ku lugendo lwe ku UN, Banda yasazaamu cabinet ye oluvannyuma lw’ekikangabwa kya Capital Hill Cashgate scandal.[43][44] Ku 15 October, cabinet empya yalondebwa era omuwandiisi wa byensimbi Ken Lipenga ne minisita w’ebyamateeka Ralph Kasambara baasazibwako mu cabinet. Mu May 2014 Joyce Banda yawangulwa nnyo mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Yalemwa okugezaako okusazaamu okulonda. Teyagenda ku kukyala kw’omuwanguzi Peter Mutharika, naye yamukubira essanyu.[45] Yatandika okubeera ebweru wa Malawi mu 2014. Ekiragiro ky’okumukwata ku nsonga z’obulyake mu kiseera kye nga Pulezidenti kyategekebwa nga 31 July 2017, newankubadde yali akyali ebweru w’eggwanga.[46] Yegaana emisango gino n’agamba nti ajja kudda okugiwulira.[47] === Enkolagana y’ensi yonna === Mu myaka egyasooka okutuuka ku bukulembeze bwa Banda, Malawi yali mu mbeera embi ey’ebyenfuna olw’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala mu bufuzi bwa Bingu wa Mutharika. Mu mwaka ogwasembayo ogw’obufuzi bwa Mutharika, Bungereza, Amerika, Germany, Norway, European Union, World Bank ne African Development Bank byonna byaleka okuwa obuyambi bw’ebyensimbi. Baalaga okutya ku bikolwa bya Mutharika ku demokulasiya mu ggwanga n’obukulembeze bwe obwali butandise okubaamu obutabanguko. Mu March 2012, Mutharika yagamba abakungu bano abava ebweru nti “mugende mu hell.” Yabalumiriza okutegeka okuggyawo gavumenti ye.[48] Ekimu ku bizibu bya Banda ng’omukulembeze kyali kuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi. Era yalina ekizibu eky’okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana n’eggwanga lye erya Malawi nga Mozambique, n’amawanga agali mu kitundu nga Botswana. Mu wiiki esooka ey’obufuzi bwe, Banda yatandika okukola enkolagana empya okuddamu okuzimba enkolagana ya Malawi n’amawanga amalala.[49] Yayogera ne Henry Bellingham ow’ekitongole kya United Kingdom’s Foreign Office. Yamusuubiza nti omubaka omupya owa Bungereza ajja kutumibwa “mu kiseera ekisinga obumpi.” Yayogera ne Secretary of State Hillary Clinton owa Amerika. Clinton yasubiza okuddamu okuteesa ku ssente za $350 million ez’amasannyalaze mu bwangu ddala. Banda yalangirira enteekateeka okwogera ne Baroness Ashton ow’ekitongole kya European Union’s Foreign Affairs office ne Ruby Randall, omukiise wa IMF mu Malawi. Ye ne pulezidenti wa Zambia Michael Sata baali bamaze okuteesa ku kuddamu okukola enkolagana ennungi.[49] Okusanyusa abawa obuyambi, gavumenti ya Banda era yagaana mu June 2012 okutegekera olukiiko lw’African Union mu July kubanga AU yali egambye nti pulezidenti wa Sudan Omar al-Bashir aweebwe obukakafu nti Malawi ejja kwegaana okuweereza ekiragiro kya ICC ekimukwata; Cabinet yasalawo nti embeera zino tezikkirizibwa.[50] Banda yayogerwako Forbes nga omukyala ow’amaanyi asinga obungi mu nsi, erinnya ly’omu Afrika erisinga obunene ku lukalala. === Enkola y'eggwanga === ===== Obubonero bw'eggwanga ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|thumb|Bendera ya Malawi eyasooka mu 1964, eyaddizibwawo mu 2012]] Mu myezi ebiri nga bamaze okutandika okukulembera, gavumenti ya Banda yateekawo ekiragiro okuddamu okukozesa bendera ya Malawi eyasooka eya 1964 "rising-sun", ng’eggyako eyakozesebwa mu 2010 wansi wa Bingu wa Mutharika.[51][52] ===== Okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu ===== [[File:Flag of Malawi (2010–2012).svg|thumb|Bbendera etamanyiddwa eya 2010–2012]] Ku 18 May 2012 Banda yalangirira nti agenda kuggyawo amateeka agalwanyisa obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka.[53] Mu November Minisitule y’ebyamateeka yawa ekiragiro eky’okwewala okukwatibwa ku bantu abakola obufumbo obwo nga balina okukkiriziganya, nga balindirira okwekeneenya kwa Palamenti,[54] naye Kkooti Enkulu yasazaamu ekiragiro ekyo mu February 2016, ng’egamba nti Palamenti yokka ye esobola okusazaamu oba okuggyawo amateeka gano.[55] Newankubadde obufumbo bw’abasajja oba abakyala bokka bukyali mu mateeka, okulwanirira eddembe ly’abantu kwongedde; Lilongwe yakuba olugendo lw’abavubuka ba LGBT olwasooka mu Malawi nga 26 June 2021.[56] ===== Enkyukakyuka mu by’enfuna n’ensimbi ===== Mu kugoberera amagezi ga International Monetary Fund (IMF), Banda yateekawo enkola y’okukyusa omuwendo gw’ensimbi, era nga 7 May 2012, yakendeeza omuwendo gwa Malawian kwacha ku bitundu 33 ku buli kikumi okusinziira ku ddoola ya Amerika okusobola okuggyawo akatale akatono akaliwo n’okufunamu obuyambi okuva ebweru.[57] * Obuzibu obw’akaseera akatono: Okukendeeza omuwendo gw’ensimbi wamu n’okuteeka ebbeeyi y’amafuta mu mikono gy’abantu, kyaleetera okweyongera kw’ebbeeyi y’ebintu okutuuka ku bitundu 34 ku buli kikumi era ne kuleeta okwegugunga n’okulaga obutali bumativu mu January 2013.[58] * Okuddamu okuzimba mu kiseera ekya wakati: Ku nkomerero ya 2013, IMF yagamba nti “okuddamu okuzimba kutandise… nga kuyambibwa okwongera okufuna ensimbi eziva ebweru” era nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu yatandika okukka.[59] Ekibiina kya Southern African Development Community kyategeka nti ebbeeyi y’ebintu ejja kukendeera okutuuka ku bitundu 19.6 ku buli kikumi mu 2014 ng’omuwendo gw’ensimbi gukutte mu mbeera.[60] * Enkolagana n’abawa obuyambi: U.S. Congressional Research Service yalaga nti abawa obuyambi abasinga abaali basazizzaamu obuyambi bw’ensimbi mu kiseera kya Mutharika baabuzzaayo oluvannyuma lw’enkyukakyuka za Banda, nga mwemuli n’endagaano ya US $350-million eya Millennium Challenge Corporation.[61] Enkyukakyuka zino zaateekebwako mu pulogulaamu ya gavumenti ey’okuddamu okuzimba mu by’enfuna eya 2012–2014, eyateeka enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu katale wamu n’enteekateeka z’okukuuma abantu mu mbeera y’obulamu.[62] ===== Obukadde n’ekyuma kya pulezidenti ===== Okusala ku nsimbi ezikozesebwa mu gavumenti, Banda yasuubiza okukendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30 ku buli kikumi era n’alagira okutunda ekifaananyi kya Dassault Falcon 900EX ekyagulibwa eyamuddirira. Ekifaananyi kino kyatundibwa eri Bohnox Enterprise eyali esangibwa mu British Virgin Islands ku doola za Amerika obukadde 15 mu May 2013.[63] Abakungu ba gavumenti baagamba nti ensimbi zino zaakozesebwa okusasula ebbanja ly’okulwanyisa ne Paramount Group n’okusasula emmere ya kasooli n’eddagala, naye ebibiina by’abantu baawakanya enteekateeka eno era ne basaba ebikwata ku ndagaano.[64] Okutegeeza kwa Parliament’s Public Accounts Committee mu 2021 kwalaga okunoonyereza okuggya ku nsonga eno, newankubadde tewali misango gy’obumenyi bw’amateeka egisimbiddwa mu kkooti.[65] ===== Enkola y’abantu ===== Wadde nga enkola za Banda zaaleeta obwesige mu bawandiisi b’ensimbi n’okufuna ssente z’ebweru, zaaleetawo okulinnya kw’ebbeeyi y’obulamu mu maka agali mu bibuga, ne zikendeeza obuwanguzi bwe mu bantu ng’agenda okulonda kwa 2014. Abanoonyereza bakyalina okwawukanako ku mugaso ogw’ebbanga ddene ogw’okukendeeza ebbeeyi mu 2012, newankubadde IMF ne World Bank balaga nti enkola eno yayamba okuziyiza obuzibu bw’ebyenfuna n’okuteekawo omusingi gw’enkulaakulana empya.[66] ===== Enteekateeka za Pulezidenti ===== Banda alaze obumanyirivu mu kulabirira obulamu bw’abakyala n’eddembe ly’okuzaala, nga asinga okuyita mu kusomesa abakyala ku Malawi. Yalaga obuwagizi bwe ng’atandika Presidential Initiative on Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood. Mu myaka ebiri gyokka, enteekateeka eno yalaga okukendeera kw’omuwendo gw’abakyala abafa nga bazaala okuva ku 675 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa okutuuka ku 460 ku buli 100,000 abaazaalibwa.[67] ===== Bendera ===== Oluvannyuma bendera yakyusibwa mu 2010 gavumenti ya Mutharika, waaliwo okuwakanya okuva mu bantu. Ebibiina bingi byawakanya obutuufu bwa bendera eno. Ku 28 May 2012, Banda yakulembera ababaka ba palamenti okusalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze, eyasooka okuteekebwako mu 1964. Ebibiina byonna, okuggyako DPP, byasalawo okuddamu okukozesa bendera ey’obwetwaze.[68] ==== Obulamu oluvannyuma lw’okuba pulezidenti ==== ===== Okuddayo okuva mu buwangwa n’okunoonyereza ku Cashgate (2018) ===== Banda yaddayo e Malawi nga 28 April 2018 oluvannyuma lw’emyaka esatu egy’okweyisa mu buwangwa mu Amerika, gyeyali mukwano omukulu mu Woodrow Wilson Center ne Center for Global Development.[69][70] Newankubadde poliisi yawa ekiragiro kya 2017 okumukwata olw’omusango gwa “Cashgate” ogw’omu 2013, Anti-Corruption Bureau yategeeza mu May 2018 nti okunoonyereza kwali kukyagenda mu maaso era nti Banda teyali akyaliiko musango gw’okusimbibwa mu kkooti.[71] ==== Enkolagana z’ebyokulonda mu 2019–2020 ==== People’s Party yasooka okuteekawo Banda ku kulonda kwa pulezidenti mu 2019, naye nga 15 March 2019 yavaamu n’awagira omuvuganya w’ekibiina ky’obufuzi Lazarus Chakwera.[72][73] Oluvannyuma lwa Kkooti Enkulu okusalawo okuggya ebivudde mu kulonda kwa 2019, Banda yawagira Chakwera mu kulonda okwaddirira mu June 2020 era n’amwebaza mu lujjudde oluvannyuma lw’okuwangula.[74] Mu kabineeti ya Chakwera eyasooka, eyalangirirwa nga 8 July 2020, mwali mutabani wa Banda, Roy Akajuwe Kachale-Banda, ng’omubaka w’ebyobusuubuzi.[75] ==== Okulwanirira n’okuyamba mu nsi yonna (2021–2024) ==== ===== Banda abadde akola ennyo ku nsonga z’ebyobulamu n’enkulaakulana mu nsi yonna. ===== * Mu May 2021 yayingira abakulembeze b’amawanga ne Nobel laureates mu bbaluwa ey’okusaba G7 okukkiriza obutali bw’ensimbi za COVID-19 vaccine era okuddamu okuwangula okulwanyisa AIDS.[76] * Ku 11 March 2023 yali omu ku bantu abasukka mu 200 abasayina People’s Vaccine Alliance “Never Again” statement nga basaba okufuna eby’okulwanyisa ebikwatagana n’obulwadde obw’amaanyi.[77] * Mu February 2023 Banda yafuuka omu ku “grain ambassadors” ba Ukraine, ng’ayamba okuzuula amawanga ga Afrika agasinga okwetaaga emmere ya Ukraine mu kiseera ky’olutalo lwa Russo-Ukrainian War.[78] Okuyita mu Joyce Banda Foundation Trust, yeeyongedde okukola ku by’okukuuma emmere n’okusomesa, nga mwemuli okugabira amaka 500 obusimba bwa kasooli abaakosebwa Cyclone Freddy mu January 2024[79] n’okutandika enteekateeka ya K315 million bursary scheme eri abawala abasoma mu masomero aga secondary mu 2024.[80] ==== Okwesimbawo ku bwa Pulezidenti mu 2025 ==== [[File:Joyce Banda 2025.jpg|thumb|Banda mu 2025]] Ku lunaku lwa 23 June 2025, People’s Party National Executive Committee yakkiriza Banda nga omukwasi w’ekibiina ku bwa Pulezidenti mu kulonda kwa Malawi okwa 2025. Bwe yalangirira okwesimbawo kwe e Lilongwe, yagamba nti “Malawi eri ku mugga ogw’okusalawo era yeetaaga okulaba empya ekwatiddwa ku kukola kw’abavubuka n’okutumbula abakyala mu by’enfuna.”[81] Okulonda kwe—kweyitibwa “A New Malawi for the Youth Initiatives (A.Ma.Y.I.)”—kulaga obusomesa bw’amasomero ga sekendule obutali bwa kusasula, ebifo by’obulamu eby’okusindikibwa, okukyusa mu by’obuli bw’enguzi n’okutumbula abavubuka mu by’obusuubuzi ng’ebikulu byakyo.[82] Yawangulwa Peter Mutharika. == Joyce Banda Foundation == Ng’akyali tannaba kufuuka omumyuka wa pulezidenti, yali mukulembeze era CEO w’ekitongole ekya Joyce Banda Foundation,[84] ekitongole ekirungi ekikola ku baana n’abafumbo abatalina bazadde mu Malawi okuyita mu masomero. Kiri mu Chimwankhunda area mu Blantyre nga kirimu amasomero ga primary ne secondary. Kirimu n’ekifo ky’okulabirira abaana abatalina bazadde ekirimu ebifo mukaaga n’abaana 600.[85] Era kikola ku byalo ebiriraanye nga kiwa micro-credit eri abakazi 40 n’ebibiina by’abavubuka 10. Kiwa ensigo eri abalimi abasukka mu 10,000 era kiwadde obuyambi obulala. Ekitongole kino kyazimba amalwaliro ana mu byalo 200 bye kisobola okukolako. Era kikola ku nkulaakulana mu byalo. Kirina obukwatagana ne Jack Brewer Foundation, ekitongole ekikola ku nkulaakulana mu nsi yonna ekya NFL star Jack Brewer.[86] == National Association of Business Women == Banda ye mukulembeze w’ekibiina kya National Association of Business Women mu Malawi ekyatandikibwa mu 1990. Kiri mu mateeka ng’ekitongole ekitali kya magoba mu Malawi.[87] Ekibiina kino kirina ekigendererwa okuggyamu abakazi obwavu nga bawanga amaanyi n’okubawa obusobozi mu by’enfuna.[88] Kino kye kibiina ky’abakazi 30,000, ekisanyusa okuwagira bizinensi z’abakazi n’okuyamba abakazi abayagala okwetaba mu bizinensi. Ebikolwa byabwe birimu okutendeka mu bizinensi, okutendeka mu tekinologiya, okukuuma ebyafaayo n’obukugu mu kukulembera.[88] Bakola okuteekateeka okukola emboozi n’abakulembeze abakola amateeka okulaba nga amateeka gabaagaliza abakazi abalina bizinensi.[89] Omukulembeze waakyo kati ye Mary Malunga.[89] Ekitongole kino kibadde n’obukwatagana ne Humanist Institute for Development Cooperation (Hivos) ey’e Netherlands okuva mu 2003.[88] == Philanthropy n’okukulaakulanya ebikolebwa == Banda abadde mu mirimu mingi egy’obusobozi n’abakyala okuva ku myaka 25 okulaba nga wabaawo enkyukakyuka mu mateeka, ddala mu by’enjigiriza. Yatandika Joyce Banda Foundation for Better Education. Yatandika Young Women Leaders Network, National Association of Business Women ne Hunger Project mu Malawi. Ye (nga ali wamu ne Pulezidenti Joaquim Chissano owa Mozambique) yaweebwa ekirabo kya Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger mu 1997 ekitongole ky’e New York ekitali kya gavumenti. Yakozesa ssente z’ekirabo okuzimba ekizimbe kya Joyce Banda foundation for children.[85] Mu 2006, yafuna ekirabo kya International Award for the Health and Dignity of Women olw’okweyisa obulungi ku ddembe ly’abakyala ba Malawi nga bwekikolebwa Americans for United Nations Population Fund.[17] Yaweereza nga commissioner wa "Bridging a World Divided" awamu n’abantu nga Bishop Desmond Tutu, ne United Nations Human Rights Commissioner, Mary Robinson.[8] Banda era yali memba mu Advisory Board for Education mu Washington DC, era mu advisory board ya Federation of World Peace and Love mu Taiwan (China).[8] Mu kiseera ky’okukendeeza ensimbi mu gavumenti mu October 2012, Banda yakendeeza omusaala gwe ku bitundu 30%. Era yalangirira nti ennyonyi ya pulezidenti egenda kutundibwa.[90] ==== Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health ==== Mu 2010, Banda yafuuka memba wa Global Leaders Council for Reproductive Health,[91] ekibiina ky’abantu kkumi na mukaaga abali mu buyinza n’abakulembeze b’amawanga agasooka, abakozi abakulu n’abalala abakkiriza okutumbula eby’obulamu bw’okuzalira okutuusa ku nkulaakulana ey’olubeerera n’obugagga.[91] Ekikulemberwa omukulembeze w’eggwanga lya Ireland Mary Robinson, abakulembeze bano balaba okukungaanya obuyinza bw’ebyobufuzi n’ensimbi ezetaagisa okufuna obulamu bw’okuzalira eri buli muntu mu 2015 – ekigendererwa ekikulu mu UN Millennium Development Goals.[91] ==== Ebirabo ==== ===== Awaadi z'eggwanga ===== * Woman of the Year, Malawi, 1997 * Woman of the Year, Malawi, 1998 * ''Nyasa Times'' Multimedia "Person of the Year", 2010 ===== Ebikopo by’ensi yonna ===== * Martin Luther King Jr. Drum Major Award, 2012, Washington D.C.[93] * Legends Award for Leadership, 2012, Greater African Methodist Episcopal Church[94] * Women of Substance Award, 2010, African Women Development Fund[95] * Africa Prize for Leadership for the Sustainable End of Hunger, 1997, The Hunger Project, New York[8] * International Award for Entrepreneurship Development, 1998, Africa Federation of Women Entrepreneurs & UN Economic Commission for Africa[8] * 100 Heroines Award, 1998, Rochester, New York[8] * Certificate of Honors, 2001, Federation of World Peace and Love, Taiwan (Republic of China)[8] * Reykjavík Global Forum / Women Political Leaders (WPL) Trailblazer Award, 2020, Iceland[96] ==== Ekitiibwa ==== * ''Forbes'' magazine – World's Most Powerful Women: #40 (2014)<ref name="Forbes14" /> | #47 (2013) | #71 (2012) * ''Forbes'' magazine – Africa's Most Powerful Women: #1 (2012) | #3 (2011) * Included in the "BBC 100 Women" series, October 2014<ref name="bbc100women" /> * Included in "Outstanding Women in Africa" list, 2022, ''New Africa Magazine''<ref name="investigator2022" /> == Laba era == * Malawian Constitutional Crisis 2012 * List of current members of the National Assembly of Malawi == Okusoma okw'okweyongerayo == * Kim Yi Dionne, Boniface Dulani (January 2013). "Constitutional provisions and executive succession: Malawi's 2012 transition in comparative perspective". ''African Affairs''. '''112''' (446): 111–137. doi:10.1093/afraf/ads067. JSTOR&#x20;23357150 == Ebyokulabirako == jkekbdctnj84ht0pan1y2j6yynfa1dp 0 16003 75827 2026-10-01T09:34:11Z Wiki.lukron 11854 i have created an article " ekitabo" 75827 wikitext text/x-wiki Ekitabo gwe mulimu omunene oguwandiikiddwa omuwandiisi omu oba abawererako ddala. Ebiwandiiko bino biba byakubibwa ku mpampula eziwererako ddala era nezigatibwa wamu okukola etafaali ly'empampula. Zino empampula zizingibwa mu ddiba eliyambako mu kuzikuuma obutononeka. 0b4rww3jxiss0xr0ublsy10kup4635z