Wikipedia lgwiki https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olupapula_Olusooka MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.23 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 3400 76278 19216 2026-10-10T10:33:22Z Dr. Mulangira Mathias Kalanda 12008 added citation #WUCSU26 76278 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Paramore Honda Civic Tour 8.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Paramore]] '''Paramore''' kiri rockband, [[Amereka]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Parramore - map of Parramore in Orlando, Florida - Orlando map |url=https://orlando-map.com/parramore-map#google_vignette |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=orlando-map.com}}</ref> ---- * Hayley Williams * Jeremy Davis * Taylor York. m11p0yoxh0m5vgr5dz6s2hyupi8k7x7 0 3778 76232 75979 2026-10-10T02:47:37Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 76232 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Tanzania, mu butongole United Republic of Tanzania,nsi mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa mu African Great Lakes region. Esalagana ensalo n'amawanga omuli Uganda mu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba, Kenya mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, Indian Ocean mu Buvanjuba, Mozambique ne Malawi mu Bukiikaddyo, Zambia mu Bukiikaddyobwobugwanjuba, ne Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba. Okusinziira ku kuteebereza okwakolebwa mu 2024, Tanzania erina abantu obukadde nga 67.5, ekigifuula ensi ya Afirika esinga abantu abangi ng'esangibwa mu Bukiikaddyo bw'eddungu Sahara. Ebisigalira bya bafu bingi bizuuliddwa mu Tanzania. Mu kiseera ky'amayinja n'ekikomo, abantu abaali mu Tanzania nga tebannaba kuyiga kuwandiika nga bava mu Bukiikakkono baalimu abantu aboogera Olusukusiiti olufaananako n'abantu ab'omu Iraqw leero, abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia;<ref name="Genetics">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2009-05-22_324_5930/page/1035 |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana emyaka nga 2,000 ne 4,000 emabega;<ref name="Genetics2">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> n'abantu ab'omu Bukiikaddyo bwa Nilotes, omuli Datoog, abaava mu kitundu ekiri ku nsalo ya South Sudan–Ethiopia wakati w’emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 emabega.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18  Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu ng’okubeerawo kw’abantu ba Mashariki Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale ne Lake Tanganyika.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ehret |first=Christopher |date=2001 |title=An African Classical Age: Eastern and Southern Africa in World History, 1000 B.C. to A.D. 400 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1i-IBmCeNhUC |publisher=University Press of Virginia |isbn=978-0-8139-2057-3}}</ref> Ku nkomerero y'ekyasa kye 19, ensi eno yali efugibwa Bugirimaani nga German East Africa. Kino kyaddirirwa obufuzi bw'Abangereza oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I bwe yafugibwa nga Tanganyika, ng'ekizinga Zanzibar kisigadde nga kitongole ky'amatwale eky'etengeredde. Oluvannyuma lw'okufuna obwetwaze bwabwe mu 1961 ne 1963, ensi ebbiri zino zaagattibwa mu 1964 ne zikola United Republic of Tanzania.<ref name="factbook">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Tanganyika yeegatta ku British Commonwealth, era Tanzania esigala nga nsi ya Commonwealth nga republic eyegasse.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |date=15 August 2013 |title=United Republic of Tanzania &#124; The Commonwealth |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania |website=thecommonwealth.org}}</ref> Leero, eggwanga lino likulemberwa Pulezidenti era nga lirina ne Ssemateeka gwe ligoberera. Ekibuga ekikulu kisangibwa mu kibuga kya Gavumenti (Dodoma);<ref>{{cite news |last=Mosha |first=Aloysius C. |title=The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream |url=https://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130712145006/http://www.etsav.upc.es/personals/iphs2004/pdf/148_p.pdf |archive-date=12 July 2013 |access-date=13 March 2013 |publisher=University of Botswana}}</ref> ekibuga ekikadde, Dar es Salaam, kikyalimu woofiisi za gavumenti ezisinga obungi era kye kibuga ekisinga obunene mu ggwanga, omwalo omukulu, n'ekifo ekikulu eky'ebyobusuubuzi.<ref name="factbook2">{{cite web |date=7 July 2025 |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania |archive-date=9 January 2021 |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref name="official_website">{{cite web |title=The Tanzania National Website: Country Profile |url=https://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131125222553/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/profilef.html |archive-date=25 November 2013 |access-date=1 May 2010 |website=Tanzania.go.tz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Dar es Salaam Port |url=https://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222180354/http://www.tanzaniaports.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100&Itemid=270 |archive-date=22 February 2014 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Tanzaniaports.com}}</ref> Okumala emyaka mingi, Tanzania ebadde efugibwa Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) nga eggwanga erirabika ng'ery'ekibiina ekimu kyokka.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Collord |first1=Michaela |date=February 2021 |title=Tanzania's 2020 Election: Return of the One-Party State |url=https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/migrated_files/documents/atoms/files/collord_tanzania_2020_election_2021.pdf |access-date=5 November 2025 |website=ifri.org |publisher=[[Institut français des relations internationales]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tools of single party hegemony in Tanzania: evidence from surveys and survey experiments |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/kcroke/files/single_party_pre-print.pdf |access-date=1 December 2024}}</ref> Abantu b'omu Tanzania bava mu mawanga nga 120,<ref name="East Africa Living Encyclopedia">{{cite encyclopedia|author=African Studies Center University of Pennsylvania|author-link=University of Pennsylvania|encyclopedia=East Africa Living Encyclopedia|title=Tanzania – Ethnic Groups|url=https://www.africa.upenn.edu/NEH/tethnic.htm}}</ref> mu nnimi, ne mu madiini. Obukristaayo y'eddiini esinga obunene mu Tanzania, ng'ate Abasiraamu n'Abanamaddala bali mu bifo bya wansi.<ref name="Pew Africa">[http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016 Religion in Tanzania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304033104/http://globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/tanzania#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&affiliations_year=2010&region_name=All%20Countries&restrictions_year=2016|date=4 March 2021}}, [[Pew Research Center]]</ref> Ennimi ezisukka mu 100 ze zoogerwa mu Tanzania, ekigifuula ensi erina ennimi ez'enjawulo ennyo mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa.<ref name="sim">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref> Eggwanga teririna lulimi lutongole, wadde ng'olulimi lw'eggwanga Luswayiri. Olungereza lukozesebwa mu by'obusuubuzi n'amawanga amalala, mu by'obufuzi, mu kkooti ez'oku ntikko, era ng'olulimi olusomesebwa mu siniya ne mu matendekero aga waggulu.<ref name="sim2">{{cite book |last1=Ammon |first1=Ulrich |year=2006 |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1967 |last2=Dittmar |first2=Norbert |last3=Mattheier |first3=Klaus J. |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-018418-1 |page=1967}}</ref><ref name="afkinsider.com">{{cite news |date=17 February 2015 |title=Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan |url=https://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224091256/http://afkinsider.com/88774/tanzania-ditches-english-education-overhaul-plan/ |archive-date=24 February 2015 |access-date=23 February 2015 |agency=AFK Insider}}</ref> Oluwarabu lw'ogerwa nnyo mu Zanzibar, okusinziira ku byafaayo byakyo ng'ekifo ky'ebyobusuubuzi ekyafugibwanga Abawalabu. Tanzania erimu ensozi n'ebibira bingi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba, nga Olusozi Kilimanjaro, lwe lusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu Afirika era olusozi olusinga obuwanvu mu nsi yonna, gye luli. Ebisatu ku nnyanja ennene ez'omu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera Obukiikakkono n'Obugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nnalubaale, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Mu Bukiikaddyo waliyo Ennyanja Malawi. Olubalama lw'eBuvanjuba lwokya era lwa bbugumu, nga Zanzibar Archipelago eri kumpi n'olubalama lw'ennyanja. Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar ekikuuma obutonde bw'ennyanja. Ebisulo bya Kalambo, ebisangibwa ku Mugga Kalambo ku nsalo ya Zambia, kye kiyiira ky'amazzi ekyokubiri mu bunene mu Afirika.<ref name="Kalambo Falls">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/310022/Kalambo-Falls "Kalambo Falls"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okukyalibwamu abalambuzi okulambula ebisolo by'omu nsiko.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Scholtz |first1=Marco |date=12 January 2016 |title=Why millions chose Africa as their safari destination |url=https://theconversation.com/why-millions-chose-africa-as-their-safari-destination-52503 |doi=10.64628/AAJ.epmfwva6h |editor-first1=Ozayr |editor-last1=Patel}}</ref> Eggwanga lino mmemba omutongole mu mawanga 77 mu Africa mu kimanyikiddwa nga United Nations, Group of 77, African Union, East African Community, ne mu Non-Aligned Movement. == Obuvo bw'erinnya == Erinnya "Tanzania" lyatondebwawo ng'ekigambo ekigattiddwa wamu okuva mu mannya g'amawanga abiri agaali geegasse okutondawo eggwanga: Tanganyika ne Zanzibar mu 1964.<ref>{{OEtymD|tanzania}}</ref> Zanzibar ne Tanganyika bwe gaali geegatta, olupapula lw'amawulire olwa The Standard lwategeka empaka z'erinnya eppya, eryawangulwa Mohammed Iqbal Dar. Iqbal yagamba nti yafuna erinnya ng'atwala "Tan" ne "zan" okuva mu mawanga agaali geegasse, "i" okuva mu linnya lye, era n'agattako "a" ng'okujjukira Ahmadiyya.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mazimu |first=Yusuph |date=4 March 2025 |title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia |url=https://www.bbc.com/swahili/articles/crrdq0v420ko |access-date=24 March 2025 |work=BBC News Swahili}}</ref> Erinnya Tanganyika liva mu bigambo by'Oluswayiri tanga "okusaabala" ne nyika "olukoola olutaliimu bantu, obutale", ne kireetawo ebigambo "okusaabala mu ddungu". Oluusi litegeerwa ng'okujuliza ku Nnyanja Tanganyika.<ref>[http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610213113/http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|date=10 June 2011}} website accessed 1 May 2007.</ref> Erinnya "Zanzibar" liva mu ''Zanj'', erinnya ly'abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo, n'ekigambo ky'Olulattini barr "olubalama" oba "omwalo."<ref>{{OEtymD|zanzibar}}.</ref> Zanj liva mu Al-Zanjia, erinnya ly'Olulattini ery'olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika. Ekigambo kino kikwatagana ne Azania, erinnya ly'Oluyonaani (ekyandiba nga liva mu linnya ly'Olusaba) ery'olubalama lwe lumu, eryogerwako mu Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ekitabo ekyawandiikibwa mu kyasa ekyasooka CE. Azania kyogerwako ng'ekifugibwa Mapharitis - ekibinja ky'abantu ababeera (mu kiseera ekyo) nga mu kiseera kino ye Yemen ey'Obukiikaddyobwobuggwanjuba. == Ebyafaayo == '''Okunoonyereza ku byafaayo''' Ebiwandiiko by'Abantu baayo ebyasooka mu Tanzania byaliwo mu kiseera ky'edda ennyo. Mu 1106 oba 1107 CE (omwaka 500 AH), Shaykh Abū ʽImrān Mūsā al-ḥasan ibn Muḥammad yatandikawo omuzikiti gwa Friday mu Kizimkazi nga bwe kyawandiikibwa mu kiwandiiko ekyaweebwayo mu miḥrāb y'omuzikiti.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last=Freeman-Grenville |first=G. S. P. |last2=Martin |first2=B. G. |date=1973 |title=A Preliminary Handlist of the Arabic Inscriptions of the Eastern African Coast |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25203450 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |issue=2 |pages=98–122 |issn=0035-869X}}</ref>  Ekkolero ly'ebintu mu Kilwa lyakuba ssente ezaaliko obubaka obukwata ku basula b'omu kitundu mu ngeri y'ebigambo eby'empandiika ebbiri, ekintu ekitalina kye kifaanaganya ne ssente z'Obusiraamu ezaasooka.<ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Brown |first=Helen W. |date=1991 |title=Three Kilwa Gold Coins |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00672709109511422 |journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |doi=10.1080/00672709109511422 |issn=0067-270X |url-access=subscription}}</ref>: 1  Ekyokulabirako wammanga kya mu c. 1300 CE (c. 700 AH):<ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last=Walker |first=John |date=1936 |title=The History and Coinage of the Sultans of Kilwa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42660953 |journal=The Numismatic Chronicle and Journal of the Royal Numismatic Society |volume=16 |issue=61 |pages=43–81 |issn=0267-7504}}</ref>: 63 Olunyiriri lw'abafuzi olw'atuukibwako nga basoma ku binusu ebiriwo mu kiseera kino lwongereza ku nnono z'omu kamwa ezaawandiikibwa mu Kilwa Chronicle awamu n'okunnyonnyola kw'abantu abava ebweru.<ref name=":9" />: 4  <ref name=":10" />: 47–48  Omutambuze Omumoroko Ibn Baṭṭūṭa agamba nti sultan al-ḥasan ibn sulaimān ow'omu kyasa 14 CE (8th-century AH) yayitibwanga Abuʼl-Mawāhib (Kitaawe w'ebirabo), era nti ye kennyini yalaba sultan ng'awaayo engoye ze eri omusajja omwavu eyazisaba nga sultan akomawo ewuwe okuva mu muzikiti.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gibb |first=H. A. R. |year=1962 |title=The Travels of Ibn Baṭṭūṭa |publisher=Hakluyt Society |volume=2 |pages=380–381}}</ref>Ekitiibwa kye kimu kikuumibwa ku binusu bya sultan ebya zzaabu.<ref name=":9" />: 3  ne mu nnono z'omu kamwa.<ref name=":10" />: 52. '''Eby'edda''' Abantu ab'obuzaaliranwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika balowoozebwa okuba nga baawukana mu lulimi ku Hadza ne Sandawe abayizzi abanoonya eby'okulya mu Tanzania.<ref name="Genetics2" />: page 17. Omugendo ogw'abasooka okusenguka gwali gwa boogezi ba Southern Cushitic abaava mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Ethiopia ne Somalia ne bayingira Tanzania. Be bajjajja b'Abairaqw, Gorowa, ne Burunge.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17  Okusinziira ku bujulizi bw'ennimi, wayinza okuba nga waaliwo okusenguka kwa mirundi ebiri okw'abantu b'omu Buvanjuba bwa Cushitic mu Tanzania awo nga mu 4,000 ne 2,000 emyaka egiyise, nga bava mu Bukiikakkono bwa Lake Turkana.<ref name="Genetics2" />: empapula 17–18. Obujulizi obuva mu kusima ebintu eby'edda buwagira okukomekkereza nti Abanilotic ab'omu maserengeta, omuli n'Abadatoogi, baava mu Bukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu Masekkati g'Obukiikakkono bwa Tanzania wakati w'emyaka 2,900 ne 2,400 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" />: olupapula 18. Okusenguka kuno kwaliwo mu kiseera kye kimu n'okutuuka kw'abantu abakola ebyuma abayitibwa Mashariki (Eastern) Bantu okuva e Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika mu bitundu by'Ennyanja Nnalubaale n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ng'ekitundu ku kusaasaana kw'abantu abayitibwa Bantu okumala ebyasa. Abantu bano baava mu Bugwanjuba bwa Afirika n'obulombolombo bw'okusimba ebirime era n'emmere enkulu eya lumonde. Oluvannyuma baava mu bitundu bino ne basaasaanira mu Tanzania yonna wakati w'emyaka 2,300 ne 1,700 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="auto" /> Abantu b'omu Eastern Nilotic, nga mw'otwalidde n'Abamasai, bakiikirira okusenguka okwakabaawo gye buvuddeko okuva mu South Sudan mu myaka 500 okutuuka ku 1,500 egiyise.<ref name="Genetics2" /><ref name="Genetics3">{{cite journal |last1=Tishkoff |first1=S. A. |last2=Reed |first2=F. A. |last3=Friedlaender |first3=F. R. |last4=Ehret |first4=C. |last5=Ranciaro |first5=A. |last6=Froment |first6=A. |last7=Hirbo |first7=J. B. |last8=Awomoyi |first8=A. A. |last9=Bodo |first9=J. M. |last10=Doumbo |first10=O. |last11=Ibrahim |first11=M. |last12=Juma |first12=A. T. |last13=Kotze |first13=M. J. |last14=Lema |first14=G. |last15=Moore |first15=J. H. |year=2009 |title=The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5930 |pages=1035–44 |bibcode=2009Sci...324.1035T |doi=10.1126/science.1172257 |issn=0036-8075 |pmc=2947357 |pmid=19407144 |last16=Mortensen |first16=H. |last17=Nyambo |first17=T. B. |last18=Omar |first18=S. A. |last19=Powell |first19=K. |last20=Pretorius |first20=G. S. |last21=Smith |first21=M. W. |last22=Thera |first22=M. A. |last23=Wambebe |first23=C. |last24=Weber |first24=J. L. |last25=Williams |first25=S. M.}}</ref> Abantu b'e Tanzania battanidde nnyo okukola ebyuma. Abantu b'e Pare be baali bakola ebyuma eby'etaagibwa ennyo abantu abaabeeranga mu bitundu by'ensozi mu Bukiikakkonobwobuvanjuba bwa Tanzania.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Shoup |first1=John A. |date=2011 |title=Ethnic groups of Africa and the Middle East : an encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GN5yv3-U6goC&pg=PA67 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-59884-362-0 |location=Santa Barbara, CA |page=67}}</ref> Abantu ba Haya ku lubalama lw'ennyanja Nalubaale ku luuyi olw'ebugwanjuba baayiiya ekika ky'ekikoomi ekikozesa omuliro ogw'amaanyi, ekyabasobozesa okukola ebyuma ebirimu carbon ku tempulikya ezisukka 1,820 °C (3,310 °F) emyaka egisukka mu 1,500 emabega.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Schmidt |first1=P. |last2=Avery |first2=D.H. |year=1978 |title=Complex iron smelting and prehistoric culture in Tanzania |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_1978-09-22_201_4361/page/1085 |journal=Science |volume=201 |issue=4361 |pages=1085–89 |bibcode=1978Sci...201.1085S |doi=10.1126/science.201.4361.1085 |pmid=17830304 |s2cid=37926350}}</ref> '''Ebyafaayo''' Abantu aboogera Olubantu baazimba ebyalo by’obulimi n’obusuubuzi ku lubalama lw’ennyanja ya Tanzania okuva ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa ekyasooka. Ebizuuliddwa mu byafaayo by’ebintu eby’edda mu Fukuchani, ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Zanzibar, biraga ekitundu ekyalimu abantu abaali balima era nga bavuba okuva mu kyasa eky’omukaaga AD ku ssaawa eyo. Omuwendo omunene ogwa daub ogw'azuuliddwa gulaga ebizimbe eby’embaawo, n’amasonko, ebyuma ebisa obusigo, n’ebisasiro by’ekyuma bisangiddwa mu kifo ekyo. Waliwo obujulizi obulaga nti baali beenyigidde mu by’obusuubuzi eby’ewala: eby’okukozesa ebimu ebyaggyibwa mu nsi endala nga ensuwa emmumbe, nga bitono nnyo ku bitundu 1% ku byonna ebyazuuliddwa, nga bisinga byava mu Gulf era nga bya dda nnyo nga by’omu kyasa eky’okutaano okutuuka mu ky’omunaana. Okufaanagana n'ebifo ebiriwo kati nga Mkokotoni ne Dar es Salaam kiraga ekibinja ky'abantu abafaanagana abaakulaakulana ne bafuuka ekifo ekisooka eky'obuwangwa bw'oku lubalama lw'ennyanja. Ebibuga by'oku lubalama birabika okuba nga byali by'enyigidde mu by'obusuubuzi by'oku Ssemayanja Indian Ocean ne mu by'obusuubuzi by'omunda mu Afirika mu kiseera kino eky'edda. Obusuubuzi bwalinnya mangu mu mugaso ne mu bungi okutandika mu makkati g'ekyasa eky'omunaana era ng'ekyasa eky'ekkumi kinaatera okuggwaako, Zanzibar yali emu ku bibuga by'Abaswayiri eby'omugaso mu by'obusuubuzi.<ref>Horton, Mark and Middleton, Tom. "The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Community." (Oxford: Blackwell, 2010), 46.</ref> Okukulaakulana mu by'entambula y'ebintu mu Egypt ne Persia okuva ku Nnyanja Emyufu ne Persian Gulf kyazza obuggya eby'obusuubuzi mu Indian Ocean, naddala oluvannyuma lw'obufuzi bwa Fatimid Caliphate okusengukira e Fustat (Cairo). Abalimi Abaswayiri baazimba ebifo ebirimu abantu abangi okusobola okw'enyigira mu by'obusuubuzi, bino ne bifuuka ebibuga ebisinga obukadde mu Swahili. Obwakabaka bwa Venda-Shona obwa Mapungubwe ne Zimbabwe mu South Africa ne Zimbabwe, mu ngeri y'emu, bwafuuka abantu abasinga okufulumya zzaabu mu kiseera kino. Ebyenfuna, ebyobuwangwa, n'obuyinza bw'eddiini byeyongera okuteekebwa mu Kilwa, ekibuga ekikulu ekya Tanzania mu biseera eby'edda. Kilwa kyafuga emyalo emirala emitono nga gituukira ddala mu Mozambique ow'omulembe guno. Sofala kyafuuka ekibuga ekikulu eky'ezaabu era Kilwa ne kigaggawala okuva mu by'obusuubuzi, nga kiri ku nkomerero y'obukiikaddyo bw'omuyaga gwa Indian Ocean Monsoons. Abalabe ba Kilwa abakulu baali mu bukiikakkono, mu Kenya ow'omulembe guno, nga Mombasa ne Malindi. Kilwa yasigala ng'ekyafuga mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika okutuusa Abaportugale lwe baatuuka ku nkomerero y'ekyasa 15. '''Ebiseera by'obukulembeze bw'amatwale''' Ng'ayagala okweddiza olukalu oluli okumpi n'ennyanja, Sultani wa Oman Said bin Sultan yasengula ekibuga kye ekikulu n'akizza e Zanzibar mu 1840. Mu kiseera kino, Zanzibar yafuuka ekifo ekikulu eky'okusuubuliramu abaddu mu Buvanjuba bwa Afirika.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|title=Slavery|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131931/http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24157|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> Wakati w'ebitundu 65 ne 90 ku buli kikumi eky'abantu b'omu Zanzibar baali baddu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/548305/slavery/24157/Slave-societies|title=Slave societies|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=22 January 2014|access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Omu ku basuubuzi b'abaddu abasinga okumanyika ku lubalama lw'ennyanja y'Ebuvanjuba bwa Afirika yali Tippu Tip. Abasuubuzi b'abaddu ab'e Nyamwezi baali bakolera wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Msiri ne Mirambo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/9chapter3.shtml "The Story of Africa |BBC World Service"]. BBC.</ref> Okusinziira ku Timothy Insoll, "Emiwendo giraga okutunda abaddu 718,000 okuva ku lubalama lwa Swahili mu kyasa 19, n'okusigaza 769,000 ku lubalama."<ref>{{cite book |last=Rodriguez |first=Junius P. |date=1997 |title=The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery |url=https://archive.org/details/historicalencycl01rodr |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-87436-885-7 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1890, obuddu bwawerebwa.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 February 2015 |title=On The Zanzibar Map: Spices, Slaves And A Bit Of History |url=https://www.enchantingtravels.com/travel-blog/zanzibar-map-history}}</ref> [[File:Zanzibar Slave Market, 1860 - Stocqueler.JPG|thumb|Akatale k'abaddu e Zanzibar mu 1860]] Mu 1863, Holy Ghost Mission yatandikawo ekifo awasooka okwaniriza abagenyi ne depot e Zanzibar. Mu 1877, nga baddamu okusaba kwa Henry Stanley oluvannyuma lw'olugendo lwe olw'okuyita mu Afirika, era nga Kabaka Mutessa I owa Buganda awadde Stanley olukusa, Church Missionary Society yatuma abaminsani Edward Baxter ne Henry Cole okutandikawo emirimu gy'obuminsani mu mawanga ag'omunda.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1=Middleton|first1=Dorothy|title=Henry Morton Stanley|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Morton-Stanley|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=29 December 2022|date=6 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Johnson, Hildergard Binder |year=1967 |title=The Locations of Christian Missions in Africa |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/213158 |journal=Geographical Review |publisher=Taylor and Francis Ltd |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=168–202 |bibcode=1967GeoRv..57..168J |doi=10.2307/213158 |jstor=213158 |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 December 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Europeans In East Africa - View entry |url=https://www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk/_site/custom/database/?a=viewIndividual&pid=2&person=174 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=www.europeansineastafrica.co.uk}}</ref> Mu 1885, Bugirimaani yawamba ebitundu ebiri mu Tanzania kati (okuggyako Olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwa Maji Maji, wakati wa 1905 ne 1907, kyali kwekalakaasa kw'amawanga ga Afirika agawerako mu German East Africa nga balwanyisa abafuzi b'amatwale, naddala olw'okukakibwa okukola emirimu n'okusindiikirizibwa kw'amawanga agamu. Kyali kya kuyigganyizibwa okw'amaanyi, okwagattibwa n'enjala ebyaviirako okufa kw'abantu 300,000 mu bantu, mu bantu ba Tanganyika abaali obukadde nga buna.[1]Zanzibar) era n'ebigatta ku German East Africa (GEA).<ref>{{cite journal |last=Iliffe |first=John |author-link=John Iliffe (historian) |date=1967 |title=The Organization of the Maji Maji Rebellion |journal=The Journal of African History |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=8 |pages=495–512 |doi=10.1017/S0021853700007982 |jstor=179833 |doi-access=free |number=3}}</ref> Akakiiko akasukkulukumu aka 1919 Paris Peace Conference yawa GEA yonna eri Bungereza nga 7 Ogwokutaano 1919, olw'okuziyizibwa okw'amaanyi okwa Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 240  Omuwandiisi wa British colonial, Alfred Milner, ne minisita wa Belgium plenipotentiary mu lukungaana, Pierre Orts [fr], olwo ne bateesa ku ndagaano y'Anglo-Belgian eya 30 Ogwokutaano 1919<ref name="Belgium">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref>: 618–9  Bungereza gye yawaayo ebintundu bya GEA eby'omu Bukiikakkonobwobugwanjuba bya Ruanda ne Urundi eri Bubirigi.<ref name="Ends2">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 246  Akakiiko k'olukungaana kaakakasa endagaano eno nga 16 Ogwomusanvu 1919.<ref name="Ends2" />: 246–7  Supreme Council kaakikkiriza nga 7 Ogwomunaana 1919.<ref name="Belgium2">{{cite web |title=PAPERS RELATING TO THE FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES, THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE, 1919 |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1919Parisv07/pg_613 |access-date=19 September 2017 |publisher=United States Department of State |volume=7}}</ref> Nga 12 Ogwomusanvu 1919, Akakiiko ku Mandates kaakkiriza nti akatundu akatono aka Kionga Triangle akali mu Bukiikaddyo bw'Omugga Rovuma kajja kuweebwa Portugal Mozambique,<ref name="Ends3">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 , oluvannyuma ne kafuuka ekitundu kya Mozambique ey'etongodde. Akakiiko kaagamba nti Bugirimaani yali ekakanyavu nnyo mu kuwaliriza Portugal okuwaayo triangle mu 1894.<ref name="Ends4">{{cite book |author=William Roger Louis |year=2006 |title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 |publisher=I.B. Tauris |isbn=978-1-84511-347-6 |access-date=19 September 2017}}</ref>: 243 Endagaano ya Versailles yateekebwako omukono nga 28 Ogwomukaaga 1919, wadde ng'endagaano teyakola okutuusa nga 10 Ogusooka 1920. Ku lunaku olwo, GEA yakyusibwa mu butongole n'etwalibwa mu Bungereza, Bubirigi, ne Portugal. Era ku lunaku olwo, "Tanganyika" yafuuka erinnya ly'ekitundu kya Bungereza. Mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1920, Bungereza yatandika enkola ey'obufuzi obutali bwa butereevu mu Tanzania.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Liebenow |first=J. Gus |date=1956 |title=Responses to Planned Political Change in a Tanganyika Tribal Group |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400067496/type/journal_article |journal=American Political Science Review |language=en |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=447–448 |doi=10.2307/1951678 |issn=0003-0554 |jstor=1951678 |s2cid=144390538 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Mu Ssematalo II, abantu nga 100,000 okuva e Tanganyika beegatta ku magye ga Allied forces<ref name="Heale">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> era be bamu ku Bafirika 375,000 abaalwana n’amagye ago.<ref name="MGT">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Abantu ba Tanganyika baalwana mu bitongole bya King's African Rifles mu lutalo lw’omu East Africa mu Somalia ne Abyssinia nga balwanyisa Abayitale, mu Madagascar nga balwanyisa Abafalansa ba Vichy mu lutalo lwa Madagascar, ne mu Burma nga balwanyisa Abajapani mu lutalo lwa Burma.<ref name="MGT2">[http://www.mgtrust.org/afr2.htm "African participants in the Second World War"]. mgtrust.org.</ref> Tanganyika yali nsibuko y'emmere enkulu mu lutalo luno, era ssente ze yafunanga mu kutunda ebweru w'eggwanga zaalinnya nnyo bw'ogeraageranya n'emyaka egyaliwo ng'olutalo terunnabaawo mu kiseera ky'ekizibu ky'eby'enfuna ekyaliwo mu nsi yonna.<ref name="Heale2">{{cite book |last1=Heale |first1=Jay |year=2010 |title=Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UhNJxHg14wC |last2=Wong |first2=Winnie |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-3417-7}}</ref> Kyokka, obwetaavu obwaliwo mu biseera by'olutalo, bwaleetera emiwendo gy'ebintu okulinnya ennyo n'ebbeeyi y'ebintu okulinnya ennyo mu matwale.<ref>[http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945 "Tanzania: British rule between the Wars (1916–1945)"]. ''eisa.org.za''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204203753/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-british-rule-between-wars-1916-1945|date=4 February 2015}}</ref> Mu 1954, Julius Nyerere yakyusa ekitongole n'akifuula eky'ebyobufuzi ekya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU). Ekigendererwa kya TANU ekikulu kyali kya kufuna bwetwaze bwa Tanganyika. Kaweefube w'okuwandiisa abantu abapya yatandikibwawo, era mu mwaka gumu, TANU yali efuuse ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga obukulu mu ggwanga. Nyerere yafuuka Minisita wa British administered Tanganyika mu 1960 era yeeyongera nga Ssaabaminisita nga Tanganyika yafuuka ey'etongodde mu 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Mulenga |first=Derek C. |date=November 2001 |title=Mwalimu Julius Nyerere: a critical review of his contributions to adult education and postcolonialism |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_international-journal-of-lifelong-education_november-december-2001_20_6/page/446 |journal=International Journal of Lifelong Education |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=446–470 |doi=10.1080/02601370110088436 |issn=0260-1370 |s2cid=143740319}}</ref> '''Omulembe''' Obufuzi bw'Abangereza bwakomekerezebwa nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1961. Elizabeth II, eyali afuuse Nnabagereka wa Bungereza mu 1952, yeeyongera okufuga mu mwaka ogusooka ogw'obwetwaze bwa Tanganyika, naye kati nga ye Nnaabakyala wa Tanganyika, ng'akiikirirwa gavana genero.<ref name="Abstract">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref>  Tanganyika era yayingira mu Commonwealth y'Abangereza mu 1961.<ref name="auto1" /> Nga 9 Ogwekkumineebiri 1962, Tanganyika yafuuka eggwanga erya demokulasiya nga lirina omukulembeze ng'alondebwa bulondebwa.<ref name="Abstract2">{{cite web |date=July 2014 |title=Statistical Abstract 2013, National Bureau of Statistics |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz:80/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161123044258/http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/Stastical%20Abstract/Statistical%20Abstract%20Report%202013.pdf |archive-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=23 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania Ministry of Finance}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'ekiyeekera olwe Zanzibar okuggyako obwakabaka bw'Abawalabu mu Zanzibar, nga luno lwali luwerekeddwako n'okutta enkumi n'enkumi z'Abawalabu b'e Zanzibar,<ref name="Zanzibar">{{cite news |date=25 July 2009 |title=Unveiling Zanzibar's unhealed wounds |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8167390.stm |work=BBC News}}</ref> eyali efuuse ey'etongodde mu 1963, ekizinga kyegatta ku Tanganyika ow'oku lukalu nga 26 Ogwokuna 1964.<ref>{{cite web |title=Background history of The Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar |url=http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130125124815/http://www.vpo.go.tz/document_storage/historical_overview.pdf |archive-date=25 January 2013 |access-date=25 April 2013 |publisher=Vice President's Office, United Republic of Tanzania}}</ref> Eggwanga eriggya lyatuumibwa ''United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar is renamed United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/united-republic-tanganyika-and-zanzibar-renamed-united-republic-tanzania |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=South African History Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=United Republic of Tanzania : History |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223235543/http://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania/history |archive-date=23 February 2019 |access-date=10 February 2019 |publisher=Commonwealth.org}}</ref> Nga 29 Ogwekkumi mu mwaka gwe gumu, eggwanga lyakyusibwa erinnya ne lifuuka United Republic of Tanzania ("Tan" eva mu Tanganyika ate "Zan" eva mu Zanzibar).<ref name="factbook" /> Okwegatta kw'ebitundu byombi ebyali byetongodde kwali kwa nkaayana mu bantu b'e Zanzibar (wadde nga n'abo abaali bawagira enkyukakyuka) naye kwakkirizibwa gavumenti ya Nyerere ne Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar olw'okuba baalina ebigendererwa by'ebyobufuzi bye bimu. Oluvannyuma lwa Tanganyika okufuna obwetwaze n'okwegatta ne Zanzibar ne kivaamu eggwanga lya Tanzania, Pulezidenti Nyerere yassa essira ku bwetaavu bw'okuzimba endagamuntu y'eggwanga eri bannansi b'eggwanga eppya. Okusobola okutuuka ku kino, Nyerere yawa ekyo ekitwalibwa ng'ekimu ku by'okulabirako ebisingayo obuwanguzi mu kukaka n'okukyusa endagamuntu mu Afirika.<ref>[[Pierre Englebert]] and Kevin C. Dunn, "Inside African Politics" 2013: 81</ref> Olw'okuba n'ennimi ezisukka mu 130 ezogerwa mu kitundu kyayo, Tanzania y'emu ku nsi ezisinga okubaamu amawanga ag'enjawulo mu Afirika. Wadde nga kino kizibu, enjawukana mu mawanga zaasigala nga tezitera kubaawo mu Tanzania bw'ogeraageranya n'ensi endala ku Ssemazinga, naddala muliraanwa waayo ow'okumpi, Kenya. Ate era, okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania eraze obutebenkevu mu byobufuzi okusinga ensi za Afirika ezisinga obungi, naddala olw'enkola za Nyerere ez'okunyigiriza amawanga.<ref>Henry Bienen and John Waterbury, "World Development Vol 17", 1989: 100</ref> [[File:Uhuru Monument Aug 2011.jpg|thumb|Arusha Declaration Monument]] Mu 1967, obukulembeze bwa Nyerere obwasooka bwakyuka ne buva ku ddyo oluvannyuma lw'Ekirangiriro kya Arusha, ekyateekawo obweyamo bw'okukola ku byenfuna by'eggwanga wamu n'okwegatta kwa Afirika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekirangiriro ekyo, bbanka n'amakolero amanene agasinga gaafuulibwa ga gavumenti. Tanzania bwe yafuna obwetwaze, endowooza ya Nyerere mu by'obufuzi yasobozesa eggwanga okusigala nga teririna ludda lwonna lw'ekwatiridde ku by'obufuzi by'amawanga amalala. Ujamaa, endowooza ya Nyerere ey'okukolera awamu, yasobozesa eggwanga okukulaakulanya enkola y'eggwanga empya. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ekitono eky'abantu abatutumufu. Kino kyassa essira ku bwannannyini obw'awamu, enkulaakulana mu byalo, n'endowooza nti enkulaakulana mu by'enfuna erina okuganyula abantu bonna okutwalira awamu so si ekibinja ky'abantu abatono abatutumufu. Kyali kika kya busosolimu eky'enjawulo mu Afirika, nga kyesigamiziddwa ku bulamu bw'ekyalo eky'ennono mu kifo ky'amakolero, n'obukulembeze bw'eggwanga obwalabibwa mu Soviet Union. Tanzania yali ya njawulo mu ngeri eno nga amawanga ga Afirika amalala mangi gaali gatutte endowooza zino ez'ebweru mu kiseera ky'Olutalo lw'omunda. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ONSLOW |first=Sue |date=2021 |title=TANZANIA, THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT AND NON ALIGNMENT |url=https://doi.fil.bg.ac.rs/pdf/eb_book/2021/iipe_60nam/iipe_60nam-2021-ch17.pdf |journal=Institute of Commonwealth Studies, School of Advanced Study at the University of London, United Kingdom.}}</ref> Obutabaako ludda lwe wali ku lwo kyasobozesa eggwanga okukkiriza obuyambi okuva mu Amerika, Soviet Union, ne China.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chau |first=Donovan C. |date=2014 |title=Exploiting Africa: the influence of Maoist China in Algeria, Ghana, and Tanzania |url=https://archive.org/details/exploitingafrica0000chau |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-250-1 |location=Annapolis, Maryland}}</ref> Buli ggwanga eryali mu mukago guno lyawa Tanzania obuyambi wadde ng'abantu ba Tanzania tebaalangiriranga nti bawagira ggwanga lyonna ku gano. Obuyambi Tanzania bwe yafuna bwasinga kugenda mu kutuukiriza ekiruubirirwa kya Nyerere eky'okukulaakulanya eggwanga. Okuva mu 1970 okutuuka mu 1975, China yawaayo ssente era n'eyamba okuzimba oluguudo lw'eggaali y'omukka olwa kiromita 1,860 (mailo 1,160) okuva e Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, okutuuka e Kapiri Mposhi, Zambia.<ref>{{cite book |last=Monson |first=Jamie |year=2009 |title=Africa's Freedom Railway: How a Chinese Development Project Changed Lives and Livelihoods in Tanzania |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xeeDwcT51BcC&pg=PA23 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35271-2 |page=199}}</ref> Wadde kiri kityo, okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1970, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byakyukira ddala ne biddirira, mu mbeera y'obuzibu bw'ebyenfuna mu nsi yonna obwakosa ennyo amawanga agakulaakulanye n'agakyakula. Mu 1978, [[Uganda]] eyali eriraanyeewo, wansi w'obukulembeze bwa Idi Amin, yalumba Tanzania. Okulumba kuno okwali okw'akabi kwandiviiriddeko Tanzania okulumba [[Uganda]] n'obuyambi bw'abayeekera ba Uganda era n'eggyako Idi Amin. Kyokka, olutalo luno lwakosa nnyo eby'enfuna bya Tanzania.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Francis|first=Joyce L.|date=1994|title=War as a social trap: The case of Tanzania|publisher=American University|type=PhD thesis|oclc=33488070|url=https://auislandora.wrlc.org/islandora/object/thesesdissertations:2786}}</ref><ref name="atuhaire">{{cite news |last=Atuhaire |first=Alex B. |date=11 April 2007 |title=Uganda: Country Pays Tanzania Shs120 Billion Amin War Debt |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704110882.html |access-date=8 December 2013 |website=allAfrica.com}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Okuva mu masekkati g'emyaka gya 1980, gavumenti y'evugiriranga nga yewola ssente okuva mu nsako y'ensi yonna eya International Monetary Fund era n'ekola enkyukakyuka ezimu. Okuva olwo, ebyenfuna bya Tanzania buli muntu by'afuna byeyongedde era obwavu bukendedde, okusinziira ku alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Muganda |first=Anna |year=2004 |title=Tanzania's Economic Reforms&nbsp;– and Lessons Learned |url=http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215310/http://www.tanzaniagateway.org/docs/Tanzania_Country_Study_Full_Case.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2016 |access-date=19 February 2014}}</ref> Mu 1992, Ssemateeka wa Tanzania yakyusibwamu okusobozesa ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html "Tanzania 1992"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018235838/http://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/tanzania1992.html|date=18 October 2014}}. ''princeton.edu''.</ref> Mu kulonda kwa Tanzania okwasooka okubaamu ebibiina by'ebyobufuzi ebingi, okwaliwo mu 1995, Chama Cha Mapinduzi eyali mu buyinza yawangula ebifo 186 ku 232 ebyalondebwa mu Paalamenti, era Benjamin Mkapa yalondebwa nga pulezidenti.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: 1995 National Assembly election results. |url=http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318222841/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-1995-national-assembly-election-results |archive-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Bapulezidenti ba Tanzania okuva ku bwetwaze babadde [[Julius Nyerere]] (1962–1985), [[Ali Hassan Mwinyi]] (1985–1995), [[Benjamin Mkapa]] (1995–2005), [[Jakaya Kikwete]] (2005–2015), [[John Magufuli]] (2015–2021), ne [[Samia Hassan Suluhu]] okuva 2021.<ref>{{cite web |date=25 April 2017 |title=Presidents Of Tanzania Since Independence |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/presidents-of-tanzania-since-independence.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=WorldAtlas |language=en-US}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'ekisanja ekiwanvu kya Pulezidenti Nyerere, Ssemateeka alina ekkomo ku bisanja: Pulezidenti asobola okuweereza ebisanja bibiri. Buli kisanja kya myaka etaano.<ref>{{cite web |date=6 July 2020 |title=Mgoya: Why I want presidential term limit scrapped in Tanzania |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/mgoya-why-i-want-presidential-term-limit-scrapped-in-tanzania-1427938 |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> Buli pulezidenti akiikiridde ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza [[Chama Cha Mapinduzi]] (CCM).<ref name="cfr.org">{{cite web |date=22 October 2020 |title=Magufuli is Transforming Tanzania's Ruling Party From a 'Benign Hegemon' Into a Malevolent One |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/magufuli-transforming-tanzanias-ruling-party-benign-hegemon-malevolent-one |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=Council on Foreign Relations |language=en}}</ref> Pulezidenti Magufuli yawangula obuwanguzi obw'amaanyi era n'addamu okulondebwa mu Gwekkumi 2020. Okusinziira ku ludda oluvuganya, okulonda kwajjula obubbi n'ebikyamu ebirala bingi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Magufuli wins re-election in Tanzania; opposition cries foul |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/10/30/magufuli-wins-re-election-in-tanzania-says-electoral-commission |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> Nga 17 Ogwokusatu 2021, Pulezidenti [[John Magufuli]] yafa mu woofiisi.<ref>{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=John Magufuli: Tanzania's president dies aged 61 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56437852 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Omummyuka wa Pulezidenti Magufuli, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka Pulezidenti wa Tanzania omukazi asoose.<ref name=":7">{{cite web |date=18 March 2021 |title=Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes President following death of John Magufuli |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-56444575 |access-date=18 March 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Okwekalakaasa okw'enjawulo n'obutabanguko mu bantu byatandika mu Gwekkumi 2025, nga bituukagana n'okulonda kwa Tanzania okwa bonna. Pulezidenti Suluhu yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi n'ebitundu 98% eby'obululu.<ref>{{cite news |date=11 November 2025 |title=Tanzania president wins 98% in election as opposition says hundreds killed |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20251101-tanzania-president-wins-election-landslide-after-deadly-protests |work=France 24}}</ref> == Endabika n'obutonde bwayo == Nga ya square kilomita 947,403 (365,794 sq mi),<ref name="BFF">{{cite web |title="Basic Facts and Figures on Human Settlements, 2012", National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania Ministry of Finance, 2013, page 1. Retrieved 10 November 2014 |url=http://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Statistical_Methods_and_Standards/Basic_Facts_and_Figures_on_Human_Settlements_2012_Tanzania_Mainland.zip}}</ref> Tanzania y'ensi ey'ekkumin'esatu mu bunene mu Afirika era eri mu kifo ky'asatu mu kimu mu bunene mu nsi yonna, nga yeesudde wakati wa Egypt ennene n'eya Nigeria entono.<ref name="Size">{{cite web |title=CIA&nbsp;– The World Factbook&nbsp;– Rank Order&nbsp;– Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html |archive-date=9 February 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Cia.gov}}</ref> Erimu ensalo ne Kenya ne Uganda mu Bukiikakkono; Rwanda, Burundi, ne Democratic Republic of the Congo mu Bugwanjuba; ne Zambia, Malawi, ne Mozambique mu Bukiikaddyo. Tanzania esangibwa ku lubalama lw'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika era erina olubalama lw'ennyanja Indian Ocean oluli mu buwanvu bwa kilomita nga 1,424 (885 mi).<ref>{{cite web |date=December 2003 |title=Country review: United Republic of Tanzania |url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/009/a0477e/a0477e13.htm |website=Fisheries and Aquaculture Depart, United Nations. (FAO)}}</ref> Era erimu ebizinga bingi eby'oku nnyanja, omuli Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, ne Mafia.<ref name="frame">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref>  Eggwanga lino lye lisangibwamu ebifo ebisingayo obuwanvu n'obumpi mu Afirika: Olusozi Kilimanjaro, ku mmita 5,895 (19,341 ft) waggulu w'ennyanja, n'ekitundu ky'ennyanja Tanganyika, ku mmita 1,471 (4,826 ft) wansi w'ennyanja, mu ngeri eyo.<ref name="frame2">Joseph Lake (2013) "Economy" in ''Africa South of the Sahara'', edited by Europa Publications and Iain Frame, Routledge. {{ISBN|1-85743-659-8}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ensozi era erimu ebibira bingi mu bukiikakkono bw'ebuvanjuba, awali Olusozi Kilimanjaro. Ebisatu ku Nnyanja Ennene eziri mu Afirika ziri mu Tanzania. Okwolekera obukiikakkono n'ebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Victoria, ennyanja esinga obunene mu Afirika, n'Ennyanja Tanganyika, ennyanja esinga obuwanvu mu ssemazinga, emanyiddwa olw'ebika by'ebyennyanja eby'enjawulo. Ebukiikaddyobwebugwanjuba kuliko Ennyanja Nyasa. Mu masekkati ga Tanzania eriyo olusenyi olunene, nga luliko entobazi n'ettaka eririmibwako. Olubalama lw'ebuvanjuba lwa bbugumu era nga lwa musulo mungi, nga kuliko Zanzibar Archipelago okumpi n'omwalo. Kalambo Falls mu kitundu ky'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Rukwa ye w'okubiri mu bunene mu Africa, era lisangibwa kumpi n'olubalama lw'obugwanjuba bw'amaserengeta ga Lake Tanganyika ku nsalo ne Zambia.<ref name="Kalambo Falls" /> Ekifo kya Menai Bay Conservation Area kye kisinga obunene mu Zanzibar. '''Embeera y'obudde''' Embeera y'obudde ekyukakyuka nnyo mu Tanzania. Mu bitundu by'ensozi, ebbugumu liba wakati wa 10 ne 20 °C (50 ne 68 °F) mu biseera by'obunnyogovu n'ebbugumu, mu ngeri y'emu; ebitundu by'eggwanga ebirala biba n'ebbugumu eritatera kugwa wansi wa 20 °C (68 °F). Ekiseera eky'ebbugumu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Noovemba ne Febwali (25–31 °C oba 77.0–87.8 °F) ate ekiseera eky'obunnyogovu ekisinga kibaawo wakati wa Maayi ne Agusito (15–20 °C oba 59–68 °F). Ebbugumu ly'omwaka liba 20 °C (68.0 °F). Embeera y'obudde eba nnyogovu mu bitundu by'ensozi. Tanzania erina ebiseera bibiri ebikulu eby'enkuba: ekimu kibaamu enkuba emirundi emu (Ogwekkumi–Ogwokuna) ate ekirala kibaamu emirundi ebiri (Ogwekkumi–Ogwekkumineebiri n'Ogwokusatu–Ogwokutaano).<ref name="rain">{{cite journal |author=Zorita, Eduardo |author2=Tilya, Faustine F. |date=12 February 2002 |title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March–May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing |url=https://www.int-res.com/articles/cr2002/20/c020p031.pdf |journal=Climate Research |volume=20 |pages=31–40 |bibcode=2002ClRes..20...31Z |doi=10.3354/cr020031 |access-date=16 October 2014 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkuba ey'ekika kino esinga kuba mu bitundu by'omu by'Obukiikaddyo, mu Masekkati, n'ebitundu by'Ebuggwanjuba bw'eggwanga, ate ey'ekika eky'okubiri esinga kuba mu Bukiikakkono okuva ku Nnyanja Nnalubaale okutuuka mu Buvanjuba okutuuka ku mwalo.<ref name="rain" /> Enkuba ey'ekika eky'okubiri ereetebwawo okukyuka kw'ebiseera okw'omugatte gw'enkuba ez'omu kitundu ky'eddungu.<ref name="rain" /> Tanzania emirundi egisinga efunyeemu embuyaga ez'amaanyi ezikuba ku lukalu, nga zino zisobola okuleeta ebizibu eby'amaanyi, gamba nga Cyclone Hidaya.<ref name="HidayaNews">{{cite web |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tanzania counts losses after Cyclone Hidaya swept coastline |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/tanzania-counts-losses-after-cyclone-hidaya-4618970 |website=The EastAfrican |language=en}}</ref> Waliwo eby'okulabirako ebiraga embuyaga ng'ezo ezaaliwo emabega mu 1872.<ref name="Msemo2022">{{cite journal |last1=Msemo |first1=Hellen E. |last2=Finney |first2=Declan L. |last3=Mbuya |first3=Samwel I. |date=April 2022 |title=Forgotten accounts of tropical cyclones making landfall in Tanzania |journal=Weather |volume=77 |issue=4 |pages=127–131 |bibcode=2022Wthr...77..127M |doi=10.1002/wea.3921 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde mu Tanzania ereetera ebbugumu okulinnya n'obusobozi obusinga obungi obw'enkuba ey'amaanyi (eviirako amataba) n'ebiseera eby'ekyeya (ebiviirako ekyeya).<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania |archive-date=14 June 2022 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=Climatelinks |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Future Climate for Africa |year=2017 |title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania |url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |website=Future Climate for Africa |access-date=2026-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209143534/https://www.futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf |archive-date=2022-02-09 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde yamala dda okukosa ebitongole mu Tanzania eby'ebyobulimi, eby'amazzi, ebyobulamu n'ebyamasannyalaze. Okulinnya kw'amazzi g'ennyanja n'enkyukakyuka mu mutindo gw'amazzi bisuubirwa okukosa eby'obuvubi n'okulunda ebyennyanja.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation |url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=www.adaptation-undp.org |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania yafulumya pulogulaamu ya National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) mu 2007 nga bwe kyali kiragiddwa mu ndagaano eyakolebwa okwekennenya enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eyatuumibwa United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Mu 2012, Tanzania yafulumya enkola ey'okugobererwa ng'eno yatuumibwa National Climate Change Strategy ng'ekola ku kuddukirira olw'ebizibu ebyandivudde mu nkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde ku mbeera z'abantu, ebyenfuna n'obutonde bw'ensi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=27 November 2020 |website=preventionweb.net}}</ref> '''Ebisolo by'omu nsko n'amakuumiro gaaby''' Tanzania erimu ebitundu nga 20% eby’ebika by’ebisolo bya Africa, ebisangibwa mu mbuga zaayo 21, mu bifo ebikuumibwamu ebisolo, mu kifo kimu eky’okukuuma obutonde, ne mu makuumiro buga z’ennyanja 3. Ebunye mu kitundu ekisukka mu square kilometres 42,000 (square miles 16,000) era nga kikola ebitundu 38% eby’ettaka ly’eggwanga.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Laher |first1=Ridwan |date=2014 |title=Indigenous People in Africa.: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57 |last2=SingíOei |first2=Korir |publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa |isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1 |page=57}}</ref> Tanzania erina amakuumiro g'ebisolo 21,<ref>{{cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006085600/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref> nga kw'ogasse n'ebifo ebirala ebitali bimu ebirimu ebisolo n'ebibira, omuli Ngorongoro Conservation Area, kyokka abantu b'omu kitundu ekyo nabo bakyakosa obutonde bw'ensi. Mu Bugwanjuba bwa Tanzania, Gombe Stream National Park kye kyali ekifo Jane Goodall we yasomera ku nneeyisa y'empologoma, ekyatandika mu 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=Gombe Stream National Park |url=https://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html |archive-date=4 October 2014 |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=Tanzania National Parks}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Riley |first1=Laura |date=2005 |title=Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC |last2=Riley |first2=William |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania erimu ebiramu bingi era erimu ebifo ebisulwamu ebisolo bingi.<ref>{{cite book |author1=S. N. Stuart |date=1990 |title=Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands: Conservation, Management, and Sustainable Use |url=https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua |last2=Jenkins |first2=Martin |publisher=IUCN |isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua/page/204 204] |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ku kibangirizi kya Tanzania ekya Serengeti, white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi), bovids endala n'entulege<ref>{{cite web |title=Serengeti wildebeest migration |url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration |access-date=20 March 2019}}</ref> zeetaba mu kutambula okw'amaanyi okubeerawo buli mwaka. Tanzania ebeera n’ebika by’ebisolo eby'ewalula nga 130 n’ebika by’ebisolo ebisobola okuwuga ebisukka 275, bingi ku byo nga biri mu Tanzania mwokka era nga biri ku lukalala lw’ensi eziri mu katyabaga ak’okusaanawo olwa International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref name=":0">Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf|date=16 July 2020}}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania erina empologoma ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Arusha |first=Edward Qorro in |date=12 August 2019 |title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |website=allAfrica.com |access-date=31 July 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810083735/https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html |archive-date=10 August 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Tanzania yalina ekibira 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ekiri mu bwagaagavu bwa 7.13/10, nga kino kyagissa mu kifo kya 54 mu nsi yonna ku nsi mu mawanga 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal |last1=Grantham |first1=H. S. |last2=Duncan |first2=A. |last3=Evans |first3=T. D. |last4=Jones |first4=K. R. |last5=Beyer |first5=H. L. |last6=Schuster |first6=R. |last7=Walston |first7=J. |last8=Ray |first8=J. C. |last9=Robinson |first9=J. G. |last10=Callow |first10=M. |last11=Clements |first11=T. |last12=Costa |first12=H. M. |last13=DeGemmis |first13=A. |last14=Elsen |first14=P. R. |last15=Ervin |first15=J. |display-authors=1 |year=2020 |title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material |journal=Nature Communications |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=5978 |bibcode=2020NatCo..11.5978G |doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3 |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=7723057 |pmid=33293507 |doi-access=free |last16=Franco |first16=P. |last17=Goldman |first17=E. |last18=Goetz |first18=S. |last19=Hansen |first19=A. |last20=Hofsvang |first20=E. |last21=Jantz |first21=P. |last22=Jupiter |first22=S. |last23=Kang |first23=A. |last24=Langhammer |first24=P. |last25=Laurance |first25=W. F. |last26=Lieberman |first26=S. |last27=Linkie |first27=M. |last28=Malhi |first28=Y. |last29=Maxwell |first29=S. |last30=Mendez |first30=M. |last31=Mittermeier |first31=R. |last32=Murray |first32=N. J. |last33=Possingham |first33=H. |last34=Radachowsky |first34=J. |last35=Saatchi |first35=S. |last36=Samper |first36=C. |last37=Silverman |first37=J. |last38=Shapiro |first38=A. |last39=Strassburg |first39=B. |last40=Stevens |first40=T. |last41=Stokes |first41=E. |last42=Taylor |first42=R. |last43=Tear |first43=T. |last44=Tizard |first44=R. |last45=Venter |first45=O. |last46=Visconti |first46=P. |last47=Wang |first47=S. |last48=Watson |first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> == Gavumenti n'ebyobufuzi == '''Ssemateeka n'okulonda''' Tanzania ggwanga erifugibwa ekibiina kimu ekya Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) ekiri mu buyinza. Okuva lwe kyatondebwawo okutuuka mu 1992, kye kyali ekibiina kyokka ekyali kikkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga. Kino kyakyuka nga 1 Ogwomusanvu 1992, nga Ssemateeka yakyusibwa.<ref name="Constitution">{{cite web |title=Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania |url=https://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2010 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Judiciary of Tanzania}}</ref>  Kibadde mu buyinza okuva ku mulembe gw'ameefuga mu 1961, era kye kibiina ekisinga obukulembeze obuwanvu mu buyinza mu Afirika.<ref name="cfr.org" /> [[John Magufuli]] yawangula okulonda kwa pulezidenti okwa 2015 mu Gwekkumi era n'afuna obungi obusukka mu bibiri bya kusatu mu Paalamenti.<ref>{{cite web |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania's ruling party secures the presidency and a two-thirds majority in parliament |url=https://qz.com/536317/tanzanias-ruling-party-secures-the-presidency-and-a-two-thirds-it.majority-in-parliament/ |access-date=30 October 2015 |work=Quartz}}{{Dead link|date=July 2025|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 October 2015 |title=Tanzania poll: John Magufuli of CCM defeats Edward Lowassa |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-34669468 |access-date=2 June 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'oludda oluvuganya ekisinga obunene mu Tanzania okuva mu 1992 nga baddamu okukkiriza ebibiina ebingi kiyitibwa Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Chadema) (Swahili for "Party for Democracy and Progress"). Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya Chadema ye Freeman Mbowe.<ref>{{cite news |date=2 November 2020 |title=Tanzania police arrest main opposition party leader ahead of protests |url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/02/africa/tanzania-opposition-leader-arrest-intl/index.html |access-date=2 June 2021 |website=CNN}}</ref> Mu Zanzibar, eggwanga eririna obwetwaze obutonotono, The Alliance for Change and Transparency-Wazalendo (ACT-Wazalendo) kitwalibwa ng'ekibiina ky'ebyobufuzi ekisinga amaanyi ekiri ku ludda oluvuganya. Ssemateeka wa Zanzibar alagira ekibiina ekijja mu ky'okubiri mu kulonda okwegatta ku kibiina ekisinga amaanyi. ACT-Wazalendo yegatta ku gavumenti ey'awamu n'ekibiina ekiri mu buyinza Chama Cha Mapinduzi mu Gwekkumineebiri 2020 oluvannyuma lwa Zanzibar okuwakanya ebyava mu kulonda.<ref>{{cite news |last=Sultan |first=Ali |date=6 December 2020 |title=Zanzibar's opposition party to join coalition government |url=https://apnews.com/article/constitutions-tanzania-elections-africa-dar-es-salaam-316350ec78b5299743309ebca78ba889 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=Associated Press}}</ref> Mu Gwekkumimogumu 2020, Magufuli era yalangirirwa ng'omuwanguzi mu kisanja kye eky'okubiri nga pulezidenti. Obubbi bw'obululu bwateeberezebwa. Akakiiko k'ebyokulonda mu ggwanga kaalangirira nti Magufuli yafuna ebitundu 84%, oba obululu obukunukkiriza obukadde 12.5 ate oyo eyali asinga okuvuganya ku ludda oluvuganya gavumenti, [[Tundu Lissu]] yafuna ebitundu 13%, obululu obukunukkiriza akakadde 1.9.<ref>{{cite web |date=31 October 2020 |title=Tanzania elections: Main opposition parties demand fresh vote |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54759865 |access-date=29 June 2021 |work=BBC News}}</ref> Mu Gwokusatu 2021, kyategeezebwa nti Magufuli yali afudde ng'akyaweereza mu woofiisi, ekyategeeza nti omumyuka we, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]], yafuuka pulezidenti w'eggwanga.<ref name=":7" /> Tanzania yali yeefuga yokka mu mwaka gwa 2024 okusinziira ku V-Dem Democracy Indices.<ref name="j496">{{cite web |title=Democracy Report 2025, 25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/54/v-dem_dr_2025_lowres_v1.pdf |access-date=14 March 2025}}</ref> Mu kulonda kwa 2025, [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] yaddamu n'alondebwa okuba pulezidenti, oluvannyuma lw'okugaana ebibiina by'oludda oluvuganya ebibiri ebisinga okwetaba mu kulonda. Okwekalakaasa kwabalukawo oluvannyuma lw'ebyava mu kulonda, era okwekalakaasa kwakwasibwa ab'obuyinza abaakozesa amaanyi ag'obulabe agaaviirako abantu bangi okuttibwa n'abalala bangi okulumizibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-11-11 |title=Tanzania: Reports of hundreds killed and detained following deadly election violence {{!}} UN News |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2025/11/1166334 |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=news.un.org |language=en}}</ref> '''Obukulembeze''' [[File:Samia Suluhu at the XXIX St Petersburg International Economic Forum - 2026.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti Samia Suluhu Hassan]] [[File:Emmanuel Nchimbi.jpg|thumb|Omumyuka wa Pulezidenti Emmanuel Nchimbi]] [[File:DKT. MWIGULU LAMECK NCHEMBA.jpg|thumb|Ssaabaminisita Mwigulu Lameck Nchemba]] Pulezidenti wa Tanzania ne bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga balondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu nga bakozesa akalulu ak'obutereevu okumala ekisanja ky'amyaka etaano.<ref name="Constitution" />  Omummyuka wa pulezidenti alondebwa okumala ekisanja ky'emyaka etaano mu kiseera kye kimu ne pulezidenti era ku kaadi y'emu.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti oba omummyuka wa pulezidenti tebayinza kubeera mmemba mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Pulezidenti alonda Ssaabaminisita okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, ng'ayita mu kukakasibwa olukiiko, okuweereza ng'omukulembeze wa gavumenti mu lukiiko.<ref name="Constitution" />  Pulezidenti alonda kabineeti ye okuva mu bammemba b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga.<ref name="Constitution" /> Okukwasisa amateeka mu Tanzania kuli wansi w'ekitongole ekikola ku by'obukulembeze era kikwasaganyizibwa ekitongole kya Tanzania Police Force.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> '''Essiga elibaga amateeka''' Obuyinza bwonna obukwata ku mateeka agakwata ku Tanzania eya wakati ne ku nsonga z'omukago bugabanyizibwa mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga olukulu,<ref name="Constitution" />  olutaliimu lukiiko lwa kubiri era nga lulina ababaka 393.<ref name="Edge">{{cite web |title=Tanzania: Government |url=https://globaledge.msu.edu/countries/tanzania/government |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Broad College of Business, Michigan State University}}</ref> Bano mulimu abalonze okukiikirira ebifo ebirondebwamu, ssaabawolereza wa gavumenti, bammemba bataano abalonze okuva mu lukiiko lwa Zanzibar okuva mu bammemba baalwo, ebifo by'abakyala eby'enjawulo ebikola waakiri ebitundu 30% ku bifo ekibiina kyonna bye kiba nakyo mu lukiiko olwo, omwogezi w'olukiiko (bw'aba nga si mmemba wa lukiiko), n'abantu (abatasaanidde kusukka kkumi) abalondebwa pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" />Akakiiko k'Ebyokulonda aka Tanzania kateekawo ensalo ku lukalu mu muwendo ogusalibwawo akakiiko nga kakkiriziganyizza ne pulezidenti.<ref name="Constitution" /> '''Essiga eddamuzi''' Enkola y'amateeka mu Tanzania yeesigamiziddwa ku mateeka ga Bungereza aga bulijjo.<ref name="TZ court system">{{cite web |last1=Manning |first1=Christabel |last2=Kasera |first2=Seka |title=UPDATE: Tanzanian Legal System and Legal Research |url=https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Tanzania1.html#_The_Judiciary |access-date=16 October 2014 |publisher=[[GlobaLex]]}}</ref> Tanzania erina ekitongole ekiramuzi eky'emitendera ena.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ku lukalu lwa Tanzania ze Kkooti Enkulu.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, kkooti ezisingayo okuba ez'okumpi ze Kkooti za Kadhi ezikola ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ne Kkooti Enkulu ezikola ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Ku lukalu, okujulira kuba mu Kkooti za Disitulikiti oba mu Kkooti z'Abalamuzi Abatuuze.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Mu Zanzibar, okujulira kugenda mu kkooti ejulirwa eya Kadhi's Appeal Courts ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu ate mu Magistrates Courts ku misango emirala gyonna.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Okuva awo, okujulira kugenda mu kooti ekkulu eya Mainland Tanzania oba Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Tewali kujulira ku nsonga z'amaka ez'Obusiraamu kusobola kukolebwa okuva mu kooti enkulu eya Zanzibar.<ref name="TZ court system" /><ref name="Zanzibar Constitution">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110904235537/http://zltb.go.tz/docs/Zanzibar-Constitution-1984.pdf The Constitution of Zanzibar]. zltb.go.tz. 2006.</ref>Okuggyako, okujulira okusembayo kugenda mu Court of Appeal of Tanzania.<ref name="TZ court system" /> Kkooti Enkulu eya Tanzania erina ebitongole bisatu – eby'obusuubuzi, abakozi, n'ebyettaka<ref name="TZ court system" /> – n'ebitundu by'obutonde 15.<ref>{{cite web |title=Commercial Division — High Court of Tanzania |url=http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223142716/http://www.comcourt.go.tz/comcourt/ |archive-date=23 December 2014 |access-date=17 October 2014}}</ref> Kkooti Enkulu eya Zanzibar erina ekitongole ky'amakolero, ekiwuliriza enkaayana z'abakozi zokka.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150317235728/http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php "Welcome to High Court of Zanzibar"]. ''judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz''. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317235728/http://www.judiciaryzanzibar.go.tz/historical_background.php|date=17 March 2015}}</ref> Abalamuzi ba Mainland ne union balondebwa Ssaabalamuzi wa Tanzania,<ref>{{cite web |date=January 2004 |title=UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA Public Administration Country Profile |url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180516194348/http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023291.pdf |archive-date=16 May 2018 |access-date=1 February 2019}}</ref> okuggyako abo ab'omu Kkooti Ejulirwamu ne Kkooti Enkulu, abalondebwa pulezidenti wa Tanzania.<ref name="Constitution" /> Tanzania y'emu ku mawanga agakkiriza endagaano ya Rooma eya kkooti y'ensi yonna ekola ku misango gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka.<ref>{{cite web |title=African States, State Parties to the Rome Statute, International Criminal Court. Retrieved 21 October 2014 |url=http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011143613/http://www.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/african%20states/Pages/african%20states.aspx |archive-date=11 October 2014}}</ref> '''Gavumenti z'ebintu''' Mu 1972, gavumenti z'ebitundu ku lukalu zaasazibwamu ne zidda mu kufugibwa butereevu okuva mu gavumenti eya wakati. Gavumenti z'ebitundu, wabula, zaazzibwawo ku ntandikwa y'emyaka gya 1980, obukiiko bw'omu byalo n'ab'obuyinza mu byalo bwe baddamu okuteekebwawo. Okulonda kwa gavumenti z'ebitundu kwaliwo mu 1983, era obukiiko obukola ne butandika mu 1984. Mu 1999, Olukiiko lw'Eggwanga olukulu lwa saawo enteekateeka ey'okukola enkyukakyuka mu gavumenti z'ebitundu, nga kino kyali kigendereddwamu okuteekawo "enteekateeka enzijuvu era ey'amaanyi ... [eyali ekwata ku] bintu bina: okugabanya obuyinza mu byobufuzi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'ensimbi, okugabanya obuyinza mu by'obukulembeze n'enkolagana wakati wa gavumenti eya wakati n'ez'ebitundu, nga gavumenti ey'oku lukalu y'erina obuyinza obusinga obungi mu nteekateeka eno nga bwe kirambikiddwa mu Ssemateeka."<ref name="Kunnat">{{cite web |date=31 May 2006 |title=Local government system in tanzania |url=https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5nCY6QHaV/kuntajarjestelma_tansania_.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130418081535/https://www.tampere.fi/tiedostot/5nCY6QHaV/kuntajarjestelma_tansania_.pdf |archive-date=18 April 2013}}</ref> Tanzania egabanyizibwamu ebitundu (mikoa) asatu mu kimu,<ref>{{cite news |last=Kilyinga |first=Nasongelya |date=10 July 2015 |title=Enter Songwe Region as Six Districts Created |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201507100264.html |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=[[Daily News (Tanzania)|Daily News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Mwakyusa |first=Alvar |date=4 February 2016 |title=Songwe is new region – with four districts |url=http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/46650-songwe-is-new-region-with-four-districts |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205094519/http://dailynews.co.tz/index.php/home-news/46650-songwe-is-new-region-with-four-districts |archive-date=5 February 2016 |access-date=21 February 2017 |newspaper=Daily News}}</ref> amakumi abiri mu mukaaga ku lukalu ate ataano mu Zanzibar (asatu ku Unguja, abiri ku Pemba).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130527015837/http://www.tanzania.go.tz/regionsf.html Regions]. tanzania.go.tz</ref> Ebitundu asatu mu kimu bigabanyizibwamu Disitulikiti 195 (wilaya), era nga zimanyiddwa nga gavumenti z'ebitundu.<ref name="Census 2012">{{cite web |title=Administrative Units: Population Distribution Report |url=https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Census2022/Administrative_units_Population_Distribution_Report_Tanzania_volume1a.pdf |accessdate=2 August 2024 |website=National Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> Ebitundu by'omu bibuga birina ekibuga ekyetongodde, munisipaali, oba Eggombolola era nga bisalibwamu mu magombolola ne sub-wards (mitaa). Ebitundu ebitali bya mu bibuga birina ekibuga ekirina obwetwaze naye nga bisalibwamu mu magombolola ga byalo oba obuyinza bw'ekibuga (omutendera ogusooka) ate oluvannyuma ne mu bitundu eby'omu byalo (vitongoji).<ref name="Kunnat" /> Ekibuga kya Dar es Salaam kya njawulo kubanga kirina akakiiko k'ekibuga ng'ekitundu ky'obuyinza bwakyo kikwatagana n'akakiiko k'ekibuga kamu kamu. Meeya w'akakiiko k'ekibuga alondebwa akakiiko ako. Akakiiko k'ekibuga ak'abantu abiri kalimu abantu kkumi na gumu abalondebwa akakiiko k'ekibuga, abantu musanvu ab'olukiiko lw'eggwanga, n'abantu "abalondebwa mu Paalamenti wansi wa 'Ebifo eby'enjawulo eby'abakyala". Buli munisipaali era eba n'omukulembeze waayo. "Akakiiko k'ekibuga kalina omulimu gw'okukwanaganya era kakola ku nsonga ezikwata ku munisipaali zonna essatu", omuli eby'okwerinda n'obuweereza obw'amangu.<ref>{{cite web |title=City Status |url=http://www.dcc.go.tz/about-us/city-status.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131122230207/http://www.dcc.go.tz/about-us/city-status.html |archive-date=22 November 2013 |publisher=Dar Es Salaam City Council}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |year=1999 |title=Local Government (Urban Authorities) Act, 1982, amended 1999 |url=http://polis.parliament.go.tz/PAMS/docs/6-1999.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022045450/http://polis.parliament.go.tz/PAMS/docs/6-1999.pdf |archive-date=22 October 2013 |access-date=19 February 2014 |publisher=Parliamentary On-line Information System |at=7A and 69A}}</ref> Ekibuga Mwanza kirina akakiiko k'ekibuga era ekitundu kyakyo kye kifuga kikwatagana n'ebitundu bya munisipaali bbiri. '''Enkolagana n'amawanga amalala''' Enkola z'ebweru wa Tanzania ziri mu kwekenneenyezebwa okusobola okudda mu kifo ky'Enkola y'Ebweru eya 2001, eyali enkola y'ebweru eyasooka mu butongole mu Tanzania.<ref name="FaMinistry_NFP2">{{Cite report|url=https://www.foreign.go.tz/index.php/resources/view/nje-bulletin-april-2021|title=Tanzania, kufanya mageuzi ya Kidiplomasia|last1=Buhohela|first1=Emmanuel|last2=Bulu|first2=Sheiba|date=1 April 2021|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation]]|issue=1|location=[[Dodoma|Dodoma, Tanzania]]|language=sw|access-date=21 June 2022|trans-title=In Tanzania, to carry out Diplomatic reforms}}</ref><ref name="Citizen_22">{{Cite news |last=Kanyabwoya |first=Damas |date=13 January 2022 |title=Tanzania's key focus areas in the new Foreign Policy. |url=https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=AONE&u=wikipedia&id=GALE |access-date=21 June 2022 |work=The Citizen |location=[[Dar es Salaam, Tanzania]] |language=English}}</ref> Nga 2001 tannatuuka, enkola y'ebweru wa Tanzania yali efugibwa ebiwandiiko eby'enjawulo ebyayisibwa Pulezidenti Julius Nyerere, okusingira ddala Circular No. 2 eya 1964,<ref name="FaMinistry_about">{{Cite web |title=ABOUT THE MINISTRY |url=https://www.foreign.go.tz/index.php/about/about-the-ministry |access-date=21 June 2022 |website=The United Republic of Tanzania Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation |language=en, sw |location=[[Dodoma|Dodoma, Tanzania]]}}</ref> Ekirangiriro kya Arusha,<ref name="Nyerere_67ad">{{Cite book |last=Nyerere |first=Julius K |author-link=Julius Nyerere |date=1967 |title=The Arusha Declaration and Tanu's policy on socialism and self-reliance |url=https://library.fes.de/fulltext/bibliothek/2-tanzania-s0019634.pdf |publisher=[[Tanganyika African National Union|TANU, Publicity Section]] |edition=1 |location=[[Dar es Salaam, Tanzania]] |language=en |chapter=The Policy of Self-Reliance |access-date=21 June 2022}}</ref> n'Enkola y'Ensonga Ez'ebweru eya 1967.<ref name="Nyerere_67fa">{{Cite speech|last=Nyerere|first=Julius K.|author-link=Julius Nyerere|event=Tanganyika African National Union National Conference|location=Dar es Salaam|date=16 October 1967|title=Tanzania policy on foreign affairs|type=Presidential Address|publisher=Ministry of Information and Tourism|url=https://www.juliusnyerere.org/uploads/tanzania_policy_on_foreign_affairs_1967.pdf|access-date=22 June 2022|archive-date=15 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415085417/https://www.juliusnyerere.org/uploads/tanzania_policy_on_foreign_affairs_1967.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ebigambo bino byali bissa essira ku by'obufuzi by'ebweru okusingira ddala ku bwetwaze n'obwetwaze, eddembe ly'obuntu, n'obumu bwa Afirika.<ref name="Nzomo_99">{{Cite book |last=Nzomo |first=Maria |date=1999 |title=African Foreign Policies |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9780429502521-10/foreign-policy-tanzania-cold-war-post%E2%80%93cold-war-maria-nzomo |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-50252-1 |editor-last=Wright |editor-first=Stephen |location=[[New York, NY]] |pages=184–187 |chapter=The Foreign Policy of Tanzania: From Cold War to Post–Cold War |doi=10.4324/9780429502521-10 |s2cid=155717453}}</ref><ref name="Magoma_20">{{Cite thesis|last=MAGOMA|first=Suleiman Masegesa|title=The Significant role of Tanzania's diplomacy towards economic development|date=22 February 2020|degree=Public Policy|publisher=[[KDI School of Public Policy and Management]]|url=https://archives.kdischool.ac.kr/handle/11125/34174|place=[[Sejong City|Sejong City, South Korea]]|language=en}}</ref> Enkola y'ebweru empya eriwo mu 2001 yatandikibwawo okusobola okukola ku nkomerero y'obufuzi bw'amatwale n'Olutalo olw'Embeera z'Ensi, okugaziwa kw'ensi yonna, ebyenfuna by'akatale n'okugaziya emirimu, n'eggwanga lya Tanzania eririmu ebibiina by'obufuzi ebingi. Essira lyayo erisinga liri ku by'obusuubuzi n'enkulaakulana.<ref name="FaMinistry_FP">{{Cite web |title=Tanzania Foreign Policy the Case of Economic Diplomacy |url=https://www.foreign.go.tz/index.php/about/tanzania-foreign-policy-the-case-of-economic-diplomacy |access-date=21 June 2022 |website=The United Republic of Tanzania Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation |publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and East African Cooperation |language=en, sw |location=[[Dodoma|Dodoma, Tanzania]]}}</ref> Enkola y'ensonga z'ebweru empya eya 2001, ekyakozesebwa leero, erina omusingi gw'emisingi musanvu; obwetwaze, obwetwaze mu byenfuna, okubeera omulungi eri baliraanwa, obumu bwa Afirika, obutabaako ludda lw'owagira mu by'obufuzi, enkolagana mu by'enfuna, n'okukolagana mu nsi yonna okusobola okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna n'emirembe.<ref name="FaMinistry_FP" /> Ebigendererwa ebikulu byogerwako ng'okukuuma n'okutumbula eby'obuwangwa n'ebyenfuna, okutandikawo enkolagana n'amawanga amalala nga gavuganyizibwa ebyenfuna, okwetuusaako ebyetaago by'ebyenfuna, emirembe mu ggwanga ne mu nsi yonna, n'okwegatta mu byobufuzi n'ebyenfuna mu kitundu.<ref name="FaMinistry_FP" /> Okwekenneenya enkola y'ebweru eriwo mu kiseera kino kugenda mu maaso nga kikolebwa gavumenti ey'omulundi ogw'omukaaga okudda mu kifo ky'enkola y'ebweru empya eya 2001. Minisita w'ensonga z'ebweru Liberata Mulamula agambye nti enkola empya zijja kusigaza obukulu n'obutabaako ludda mu nkola y'ebweru eya 2001 ate nga ziteekawo ebintu ebirala ebikulu ennyo okusinga ebirala omuli enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'okussa essira ku by'enfuna nga zissa essira ku by'amaguzi ebiva mu ggwanga ebyongeddwamu omutindo n'eby'enfuna ebya digito.<ref name="Citizen_22" /> '''Enkolagana n'amawanga g'ebweru''' [[File:Ictr office 3.jpg|thumb|Kkooti y'ensi yonna ewozesa emisango eya Rwanda mu Arusha]] Tanzania mmemba mu bitongole by'ensi yonna bingi gamba nga United Nations (UN), African Union (AU), East African Community (EAC), ne Southern African Development Community (SADC) n'ebirala bingi.<ref name="Hirschler_19">{{Cite book |last1=Hirschler |first1=Kurt |date=2019 |title=A decade of Tanzania: politics, economy and society 2005-2017 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ncCnDwAAQBAJ |last2=Hofmeier |first2=Rolf |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |isbn=978-90-04-40786-2 |location=[[Leiden|Leiden, Netherlands]], [[Boston]] |language=en}}</ref> Okwongereza ku ekyo, olw'amaanyi ga Tanzania ag'obutabaako ludda lw'ewagira, obumu n'emirembe mu ggwanga okuva lwe yafuna obwetwaze, Tanzania etera okukola ng'omutabaganya era ekifo awateekebwa endagaano n'endagaano wakati w'amawanga amalala, gamba ng'Endagaano ya Arusha ne Bulaaya, awamu n'Endagaano ya Arusha ne Rwanda (1993) ne Burundi (2000).<ref name="Chachage_04">{{Cite journal |last=Chachage |first=Chambi S. |date=2004 |title=Nyerere: Nationalism and Post-Colonial Developmentalism |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/24487453 |journal=[[African Sociological Review]] |language=en |location=[[Dakar, Senegal]] |publisher=[[CODESRIA]] |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=158–179 |issn=1027-4332 |jstor=24487453 |access-date=21 June 2022}}</ref><ref name="Waters_06">{{Cite journal |last=Waters |first=Tony |date=2006 |title=Markets and Morality: American Relations with Tanzania |url=https://asq.africa.ufl.edu/files/Waters-Vol8Issue3.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=[[African Studies Quarterly]] |language=en |location=[[Gainesville, Florida]] |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=46–53 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804103025/http://asq.africa.ufl.edu/files/Waters-Vol8Issue3.pdf |archive-date=4 August 2019 |access-date=21 June 2022}}</ref> [[File:East African Legislative Assembly.jpg|thumb|Olukiiko olukulu olwa East African Legislative Assembly mu Arusha]] Ekibiina ky'Amawanga Amagatte kirina ekifo kinene mu Tanzania mu kiseera kino ne mu byafaayo era kikola ng'omukago omukulu mu ngeri yaakyo, n'ebitongole by'ensi yonna ebirala, mu mirimu mingi mu ggwanga, wamu n'emirimu egikolebwa mu Tanzania era egiteekebwa mu nkola mu Great Lakes ne Afirika yonna okutwaliza awamu.<ref name="UN_tz">{{Cite web |title=The United Nations in Tanzania |url=https://tanzania.un.org/en/about/about-the-un |access-date=22 June 2022 |website=United Nations |language=en}}</ref> Ekibiina ky'Amawanga Amagatte kirina ekifo kinene mu Tanzania mu kiseera kino ne mu byafaayo era kikola ng'omukago omukulu mu ngeri yaakyo, n'ebitongole by'ensi yonna ebirala, mu mirimu mingi mu ggwanga, wamu n'emirimu egikolebwa mu Tanzania era egiteekebwa mu nkola mu Great Lakes ne Afirika yonna okutwaliza awamu.<ref name="UN_tzEntities">{{Cite web |title=UN Entities in Tanzania |url=https://tanzania.un.org/en/about/un-entities-in-country |access-date=22 June 2022 |website=United Nations |language=en}}</ref> Wadde nga ofiisi enkulu eza UN ziri mu Oysterbay, Dar es Salaam, ofiisi endala nnyingi, kkooti, n'ebibiina by'obwannakyewa biri mu Arusha, TZ. Eky'okulabirako ekisinga okumanyibwa y'ekkooti y'ensi yonna ewozesa emisango eya International Criminal Tribunal ku nsonga z'ekittabantu ekyali eri e Rwanda.<ref name="UN_SRES9771995">{{UN document|docid=S-RES-977(1995)|type=Resolution|body=Security Council|year=1995|resolution_number=977|access-date=23 July 2008|date=22 February 1995}}</ref> Ekibiina kya African Union kirimu amawanga 55 mu Afirika.<ref name="AU_memStates">{{Cite web |title=Member States |url=https://au.int/en/member_states/countryprofiles2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901043534/https://au.int/en/member_states/countryprofiles2 |archive-date=1 September 2022 |access-date=22 June 2022 |website=African Union |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku mawanga agaatandikawo AU mu 2001, era eyaddira Organisation of African Unity (OAU) eyatandikibwawo abatandisi ba Tanzania, Tanganyika ne Zanzibar, mu 1963. Ekitongole ekiramuzi ekya AU n'ekkooti zaakyo bisangibwa mu Tanzania.<ref name="AU_tzAgreement">{{Cite act|date=31 August 2007|type=HOST AGREEMENT|legislature=[[African Union]]|title=Host Agreement Between the Government of the United Republic of Tanzania and the African Union on the Seat of the African Court on Human and Peoples' Right|language=en|article-type=Agreement|access-date=22 June 2022|url=https://www.african-court.org/wpafc/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/3-HOST-AGREEMENT-TANZANIA-AND-AU.pdf}}</ref> Mu kusooka nga kkooti y'obwenkanya etaba amawanga ga Africa eya Justice of the African Union, egattiddwa wamu ne kooti y'eddembe ly'obuntu eya African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights okukola African Court of Justice and Human Rights (ACJHR), esangibwa mu Arusha.<ref name="AU_tzAgreement" />Tanzania yassa omukono era ne yeegatta ku AU-brokered African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) nga 17 Ogwoluberyeberye 2022, ekitundu ekisinga obunene mu nsi yonna eky’obusuubuzi obw’eddembe.<ref name="Agarwal_22">{{Cite report|url=https://odi.org/en/publications/tanzania-and-the-african-continental-free-trade-area-possible-impacts-policy-priorities-and-scoping-of-future-support/|title=Tanzania and the African Continental Free Trade Area: possible impacts, policy priorities and scoping of future support|last1=Agarwal|first1=Prachi|last2=Kweka|first2=Josaphat|date=11 March 2022|publisher=Overseas Development Institute, [[Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office]]|location=[[London, UK]]|publication-date=11 March 2022|language=en|last3=Willem te Velde|first3=Dirk|access-date=22 June 2022|type=Briefing, policy papers}}</ref> Omukago gw'amawanga g'Obuvanjuba bwa Afirika ogulimu Tanzania, Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi, South Sudan, ne Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) gulina ekitebe kyagwo ekikulu mu Arusha.<ref name="Ugirashebuja_17">{{Cite book |date=2017 |title=East African Community Law: Institutional, Substantive and Comparative EU Aspects |url=https://brill.com/view/title/33464 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers|Brill Nijhoff]] |isbn=978-90-04-32207-3 |editor-last=Ugirashebuja |editor-first=Emmanuel |location=[[Leiden|Leiden, Netherlands]], [[Boston]] |language=en |editor-last2=Ruhangisa |editor-first2=John Eudes |editor-last3=Ottervanger |editor-first3=Tom |editor-last4=Cuyvers |editor-first4=Armin}}</ref><ref name="EAC_overview">{{Cite web |title=Overview of EAC |url=https://www.eac.int/overview-of-eac |access-date=22 June 2022 |website=East African Community |language=en}}</ref> Tanzania, awamu ne Kenya ne Uganda, ze zimu ku mmemba ezatandikawo EAC mu 2000.<ref name="EAC_history">{{Cite web |title=History of the EAC |url=https://www.eac.int/eac-history#:~:text=The%20Treaty%20for%20the%20Establishment,all%20the%20three%20Partner%20States. |access-date=22 June 2022 |website=East African Community |language=en}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okukubwa Bugirimaani mu Ssematalo I Tanzania yeegatta ku East African Currency Board (EACB) eyali mu London era nga yali ekola ku by'omusolo era ng'ewa Tanzania, Uganda ne Kenya okuva mu 1919 okutuuka mu 1948, East Africa High Commission (EAHC) okuva mu 1948 okutuuka mu 1961, ne East African Common Services Organization (EACSO) okuva mu 1961 okutuuka mu 1966. Mu 1966 amawanga gano gonna asatu gaatandikawo East African Community eyasooka, eyamala okutuuka mu 1976, oluvannyuma ne wabeerawo East African Co-operation okuva mu 1993 okutuuka mu 2000, nga tennaddamu kutandikibwawo nga East African Community mu 2000.<ref name="EAC_history" /><ref name="Kadaga_22">{{Cite speech|last=Kadaga|first=Rebecca|author-link=Rebecca Kadaga|event=Ministry of East African Community Affairs|location=Makerere University|date=16 June 2022|access-date=21 June 2022|title=The Strategic need for EAC Integration|type=Keynote Address|pages=1, 3, 6-9|language=en|url=https://www.mediacentre.go.ug/media/address-rt-hon-rebecca-kadaga-1st-deputy-prime-ministerminister-makerere-university|archive-date=27 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627105632/https://mediacentre.go.ug/media/address-rt-hon-rebecca-kadaga-1st-deputy-prime-ministerminister-makerere-university|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[File:Samia Suluhu Hassan, Joe Biden, Jill Biden.jpg|thumb|Pulezidenti wa Tanzania [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] wamu ne Pulezidenti wa America [[Joe Biden]] mu Washington D.C mu Gwekkumineebiri 2022]] EAC ebadde n’omukago gw’omusolo okuva mu 2005, n’ekitundu eky’obusuubuzi eky’eddembe wakati w’amawanga agali mu mukago n’omusolo ogw’awamu n’endagaano z’obusuubuzi n’amawanga agatali mu mukago n’ebitongole eby’ensi yonna.<ref name="Ugirashebuja_17" /> Omukago gw’omusolo era gwassaawo ekitongole ekimu n’amateeka ag’enjawulo, gamba ng’amateeka agakwata ku nsibuko y’ebintu, ku by’obusuubuzi byonna munda mu mukago, okuyingira mu mukago, n’okuyitira mu mawanga agali mu mukago. Mu 2010 akatale ak’awamu kaateekebwawo mu EAC okusobozesa abakozi, ebyamaguzi, abantu, entandikwa, n’empeereza okutambula obulungi, wamu n’okuteekawo eddembe ly’okutandikawo bizinensi.<ref name="Ugirashebuja_17" /> East African Monetary Union (EAMU) eyateesebwako okutandikibwawo mu 2024 ejja kutondawo ensimbi ez'awamu mu bbanka enkulu eya East African Central Bank.<ref name="Adam_17">{{Cite book |date=2017 |title=Tanzania: the path to prosperity |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_MDXDQAAQBAJ |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-870481-2 |editor-last=Adam |editor-first=Christopher |location=[[Oxford, UK]]; [[New York, NY]] |language=en |editor-last2=Collier |editor-first2=Paul |editor-last3=Ndulu |editor-first3=B. J.}}</ref> Okuva ku kutandikibwawo kwa EAC, nga bwe kyateekebwa mu Kawaayiro 5(2) aka ndagaano ey'okutandikawo EAC, ekiruubirirwa kya EAC ekisembayo bulijjo kwe kubeera eggwanga erimu ery'awamu ery'amawanga gonna agali mu mukago. Mu 2017 amawanga gonna agali mu mukago gaakakasa okukolera awamu kwa EAC ng'entandikwa eri mu kufuuka eggwanga erimu ery'enkomeredde.<ref name="Ugirashebuja_17" /><ref name="Kadaga_22" /> Southern African Development Community erimu amawanga 16, nga mw'otwalidde amawanga gonna ag'omu bukiikaddyo bwa Afirika wamu ne Tanzania ne DRC okuva mu Great Lakes.<ref name="Muntschick_17">{{Cite book |last=Muntschick |first=Johannes |date=9 October 2017 |title=The Southern African Development Community (SADC) and the European Union (EU): Regionalism and External Influence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IDE5DwAAQBAJ |publisher=[[Springer Publishing|Springer Nature]] |isbn=978-3-319-45330-9 |location=[[Cham, Switzerland]] |language=en |access-date=22 June 2022}}</ref> Tanzania y'emu ku mawanga agatandikawo SADC mu 1994, wamu ne Frontline States (FLS), okuva mu 1960 okutuuka mu 1994. Wadde nga FLS yalina ekiruubirirwa eky'okumalawo obusosoze, SADC eyagiddawo erina ebigendererwa eby'okutumbula emirembe n'obutebenkevu wamu n'okukulaakulanya eby'enfuna n'ebyobufuzi by'amawanga agagirimu.<ref name="Muntschick_17" /> '''Amagye''' Eggye lya [[Tanzania People's Defence Force]] (TPDF) (Kiswahili: Jeshi la Wananchi wa Tanzania (JWTZ)) lye ggye lya Tanzania, erikola ng'eggye ly'abantu wansi w'obukulembeze bw'abantu ba bulijjo. Lirimu amatabi oba ebiragiro bitaano: Eggye ery'oku ttaka (amagye), Eggye ery'omu bbanga, Eggye ly'okumazzi, National Service, Headquarter (MMJ).<ref>{{cite web |date= |title=Mwanzo-Jeshi la Ulinzi la Wananchi wa Tanzania |url=https://www.tpdf.mil.tz/ |access-date=10 February 2022 |publisher=Tpdf.mil.tz}}</ref> Bannansi ba Tanzania basobola okwewaayo okuweereza mu magye okuva ku myaka 15 egy'obukulu, n'emyaka 18 egy'obukulu okuweereza mu magye ga National military service nga bamaze okutikkirwa okuva mu siniya ey'omukaaga. Obuweereza obw'obuwaze bwali emyaka 2 mu 2004. [[National service act of Tanzania]]. '''Okukwasisa amateeka''' Eby'okwerinda by'abantu n'okulondoola ensalo buvunaanyizibwa bwa Poliisi ya Tanzania. Okulondoola poliisi kugabanyizibwamu omuwandiisi omukulu mu Minisitule ya Poliisi ne kaliisoliiso wa Poliisi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania – Tanzania Police Force |url=https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202170416/https://apcof.org/country-data-2/tanzania/ |archive-date=2 February 2023 |access-date=11 May 2023 |publisher=African Policing Civilian Oversight Forum}}</ref> '''Eddembe ly'obuntu''' Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2019, Amnesty International yategeeza nti gavumenti ya Tanzania yasazaamu eddembe ly'ebibiina by'obwannakyewa (NGOs) (ebibiina by'abantu abeewaayo kyeyagalire) awamu n'abantu kinnoomu okuwawaabira gavumenti mu kkooti y'abantu eya Arusha African Court for Human and Peoples' Rights.<ref>{{cite web |date=2 December 2019 |title=Tanzania: Withdrawal of individual rights to African Court will deepen repression |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2019/12/tanzania-withdrawal-of-individual-rights-to-african-court-will-deepen-repression/ |access-date=2 December 2019 |publisher=Amnesty International}}</ref> Ba Nnamagoye ababeera mu Tanzania batera okulumbibwa, okuttibwa oba okusalibwako ebitundu by'omubiri olw'obulombolombo obukwatagana n'obulogo obumanyiddwa nga muti obugamba nti ebitundu by'omubiri by'abalina albinism birina amaanyi agatali ga bulijjo.<ref>"[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-31849531 Tanzania albino murders: 'More than 200 witchdoctors' arrested]". BBC News. 12 March 2015.</ref> Tanzania y'esinga okubaamu okutyoboola eddembe ly'obuntu okw'engeri eno mu mawanga 27 agali mu Afirika muti w'omanyiddwa okuba ng'akolebwa.<ref>Charlotte Baker (22 September 2017) [https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/witchcraft-albino-trade-body-part-human-rights-un-sub-saharan-african-a7958946.html "The trade in body parts of people with albinism is driven by myths and international inaction"]. ''The Independent''</ref> Mu Tanzania, ebikolwa eby'okwegatta eby'abantu ab'ekikula ekimu tebikkirizibwa mu mateeka era bisobola okuviirako omuntu okusibwa obulamu bwe bwonna, wadde ng'etteeka lino teritera kukozesebwa, era abantu abalya ebisiyaga basobola okusisinkana.<ref>{{cite web |date=17 May 2016 |title=State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition |url=https://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010135034/http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf |archive-date=10 October 2017 |work=[[International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association]]}}</ref><ref name="GT">{{cite news |title=Lesbian and Gay Tanzania |url=http://www.gaytimes.co.uk/gt/listings.asp?action=ShowCountry&CID=932 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929205430/http://www.gaytimes.co.uk/gt/listings.asp?action=ShowCountry&CID=932 |archive-date=29 September 2006 |access-date=12 February 2007 |work=gaytimes}}</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2007 okwakolebwa ekitongole kya Pew Research Centre, abantu 95 ku buli kikumi mu Tanzania bakkiriza nti obuli bw'ebisiyaga tebulina kukkirizibwa mu bantu.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pew Global Attitudes Project |url=http://pewglobal.org/reports/pdf/258.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100214225525/http://pewglobal.org/reports/pdf/258.pdf |archive-date=14 February 2010 |access-date=15 July 2017 |publisher=Pew Research Centre |pages=35, 84, and 117}}</ref> == Eby'enfuna == Mu 2021, okusinziira ku IMF, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania (GDP) byali bya buwumbi bwa ddoola 71 (nominal), oba obuwumbi bwa ddoola 218.5 ku musingi gwa purchasing power parity (PPP). GDP per capita (PPP) yali $3,574.<ref>{{cite web |title=World Economic Outlook Database April 2018 |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2018/April |publisher=International Monetary Fund}}</ref> Okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2013, GDP ya Tanzania (nga yeesigamiziddwa ku ssente za wano ezitakyuka) yeyongera ebitundu 3.5% buli mwaka, nga eri waggulu okusinga ku mmemba omulala yenna ow’omukago gw’amawanga g’obuvanjuba bwa Afirika (EAC) era nga esinga amawanga mwenda mu Sub-Saharan Africa: [[Democratic Republic of Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[Ethiopia]], [[Ghana]], [[Lesotho]], [[Liberiya|Liberia]], [[Mozambique]], [[Sierra Leone]], [[Zambia]], ne [[Zimbabwe]].<ref>{{cite web |title=GDP per capita growth (annual %) |url=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.KD.ZG |access-date=9 August 2024 |publisher=[[World Bank]]}}</ref> Mu 2017, Tanzania yasinga kutunda mu Buyindi, Vietnam, [[South Africa]], [[Switzerland]], ne China nga yafunamu obuwumbi bwa ddoola 5.3.<ref name="UND">{{cite web |title=Tanzania (TZA) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners |url=https://atlas.media.mit.edu/en/profile/country/tza/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424230123/https://atlas.media.mit.edu/en/profile/country/tza/ |archive-date=24 April 2019 |access-date=9 April 2019 |publisher=The Observatory of Economic Complexity}}</ref> Yayingiza obuwumbi bwa ddoola 8.17, nga Buyindi, Switzerland, [[Saudi Arabia]], China, ne [[United Arab Emirates]] ze zaali zisinga okugitunda.<ref name="UND" /> Tanzania yagumira okugwa kw'ebyenfuna okw'amaanyi, okwatandika mu 2008 oba mu ntandikwa ya 2009, mu ngeri ey'amaanyi. Emiwendo gya zzaabu egy'amaanyi, nga gino gye gyayamba okunyweza eby'okusima eby'obugagga by'omu ttaka mu ggwanga, era nga n'engeri Tanzania gy'etaliimu nnyo mu katale k'ensi yonna yayamba okukuuma eggwanga eri okugwa kw'ebyenfuna.<ref name="frame" /> Okuva okugwa kw'ebyenfuna lwe kwaggwa, eby'enfuna bya Tanzania by'eyongedde nnyo olw'obulambuzi, eby'empuliziganya, n'ebitongole bya bbanka.<ref name="frame" /> Okusinziira ku kitongole ky'Ensi yonna ekikola ku by'enkulaakulana (United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), kyokka, enkulaakulana eyakolebwa mu by'enfuna y'eggwanga gyebuvuddeko ekoleddeko "batono nnyo", n'aleka abantu abasinga obungi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141014230730/http://www.tz.undp.org/content/tanzania/en/home/countryinfo/ "About Tanzania |UNDP in Tanzania"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014230730/http://www.tz.undp.org/content/tanzania/en/home/countryinfo/|date=14 October 2014}}. undp.org.</ref> Okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2015/2016, ebitundu 57.1 ku buli kikumi eby'abantu batwalibwa okuba nga baavu mu ngeri ez'enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023 |title=Multidimensional Poverty Index 2023: Tanzania (United Republic of) |url=https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/TZA.pdf |access-date=27 May 2024 |website=United Nations Development Programme: Human Development Reports}}</ref> Tanzania yali n'ekigero kya Global Hunger Index ekibi okusinga eggwanga eddala lyonna mu EAC okuggyako Burundi.<ref name="GHI">[https://web.archive.org/web/20141106133439/http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/ghi13.pdf "2013 Global Hunger Index"]. International Food Policy Research Institute. October 2013</ref> page 15  Omugatte gw'abantu abaali abalumwa enjala mu 2010–12 nabo baali babi okusinga eggwanga eddala lyonna mu EAC okuggyako Burundi.<ref name="GHI" /> Mu 2020, Banka y'ensi yonna yalangirira okweyongera kw'ebyenfuna bya Tanzania okuva mu by'abantu abali obubi ennyo okudda mu by'abantu abali obulungi, ng'omuwendo gwa GNI ogw'omuntu ogumu gweyongera okuva ku ddoola za Amerika 1,020 mu 2018 okutuuka ku ddoola za Amerika 1,080 mu 2019.<ref>{{cite web |date=1 July 2020 |title=New World Bank country classifications by income level: 2020–2021 |url=https://blogs.worldbank.org/opendata/new-world-bank-country-classifications-income-level-2020-2021 |publisher=World Bank}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2 July 2020 |title=Tanzania joins middle income status ahead of schedule |url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/news/Tanzania-joins-middle-income-status-ahead-of-schedule/1840340-5586580-5p13b7z/index.html |work=The Citizen}}</ref> Eby'enfuna bya Tanzania byalinya ebitundu 4.6 ku buli kikumi mu 2022, ate 5.2 ku buli kikumi mu 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tanzania Overview |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/tanzania/overview |access-date=9 August 2024 |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> '''Enjala n'obwavu''' Embeera y'Enjala mu Nsi Yonna mu biseera ebyayita kyateeka embeera eno ku "kutya" n'obubonero 42 mu mwaka gwa 2000; okuva olwo GHI kikendedde okutuuka ku 23.2.<ref name="globalhungerindex.org">{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.globalhungerindex.org/tanzania.html |access-date=6 August 2024 |website=Global Hunger Index – Official Website of the Peer-Reviewed Publication}}</ref> Abaana mu byalo babonaabona nnyo olw'obutali bulungi mu ndya n'enjala ey'olubeerera, newankubadde ng'obuzibu wakati w'ekibuga n'ebyalo bukendedde ku bikwata ku kusiiwuuka kw'endya n'obuzito obutono.<ref name="Tanzania UNDP">{{cite web |title=About us |url=https://www.tz.undp.org/content/tanzania/en/home/about-us.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811174628/https://www.tz.undp.org/content/tanzania/en/home/about-us.html |archive-date=11 August 2021 |access-date=25 May 2020 |website=UNDP}}</ref> Okukola ebitono mu kitongole ky'ebyalo kiva ku kusinga kussa ssente mu bintu ebikozesebwa; obutaba na busobozi kufuna bintu bya ku faamu, obuweereza bw'okulima n'okwewola; tekinologiya omutono wamu n'obuyambi mu by'obusuubuzi n'okutunda; n'okwesigama ennyo ku kulima okwesigamiziddwa ku nkuba n'ebintu eby'obutonde.<ref name="Tanzania UNDP" /> Kumpi ebitundu 68 ku buli kikumi ebya Bannansi ba Tanzania obukadde 61.1 babeera wansi w'omutindo gw'obwavu ogwa ddoola 1.25 buli lunaku, ng'ebitundu 32 ku buli kikumi eby'abantu tebafuna mmere emala.<ref name="globalhungerindex.org" /> Okusoomooza okusinga obunene Tanzania kw'eyolekaganye nakwo mu kukendeeza obwavu kwe kukozesa obubi eby'obugagga byayo eby'obutonde, okulima okutali kwa muganyulo, enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde n'okwonoona ensibuko z'amazzi, okusinziira ku kitongole ky'Amawanga Amagatte eky'ebyenkulaakulana (United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).<ref name="Tanzania">{{cite web |title=Tanzania |url=https://www.heifer.org/about-us/where-we-work/tanzania.html |website=Heifer International}}</ref> Waliwo eby'obugagga bitono nnyo eri bannansi ba Tanzania mu nsonga z'okufuna looni, ebizimbe oba okufuna tekinologiya w'ebyobulimi, ekireetera enjala n'obwavu mu ggwanga okweyongera okusinziira ku UNDP.<ref name="Tanzania" /> Tanzania eri mu kifo kya 159 ku nsi 187 mu bwavu okusinziira ku United Nations Human Development Index (2014).<ref name="Tanzania" /> Alipoota ya bbanka y'ensi yonna eya 2019 yalaga nti mu myaka 10 egiyise, obwavu bukendeddeko ebitundu 8 ku buli kikumi, okuva ku 34.4% mu 2007 okutuuka ku 26.4% mu 2018.<ref>{{cite web |date=1 December 2019 |title=Tanzania's Path to Poverty Reduction and Pro-Poor Growth |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/tanzania/publication/tanzanias-path-to-poverty-reduction-and-pro-poor-growth |publisher=World Bank}}</ref> Alipoota endala yalaga okukendeera okutuuka ku 25.7% mu 2020.<ref>{{cite web |date=12 November 2021 |title=Tanzania at 60: GDP in sharp rise, poverty cut |url=https://www.ippmedia.com/en/news/tanzania-60-gdp-sharp-rise-poverty-cut |work=IPP Media}}</ref> '''Emmere n'endya''' Endya embi esigadde nga kizibu ekinyigiriza mu Tanzania era nga kyawukana nnyo mu bitundu by'eggwanga. USAID eripoota nti abaana ebitundu 16% bali wansi w'obuzito obusaanidde ate ebitundu 34% bafuna okukonziba olw'endya embi.<ref name=":02">{{cite web |title=Tanzania: Nutrition Profile |url=https://www.usaid.gov/what-we-do/global-health/nutrition/countries/tanzania-nutrition-profile |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024113234/https://www.usaid.gov/what-we-do/global-health/nutrition/countries/tanzania-nutrition-profile |archive-date=24 October 2018 |access-date=18 October 2018 |website=[[USAID]] |language=en}}</ref> Ebitundu 10 birimu abaana ebitundu 58% abakonzibye ate ebitundu 50% ku baana abalumwa enjala ey'amaanyi basangibwa mu bitundu 5.<ref name=":3">{{cite web |title=UNICEF Tanzania—Nutrition—The situation |url=https://www.unicef.org/tanzania/nutrition.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102192139/https://www.unicef.org/tanzania/nutrition.html |archive-date=2 January 2019 |access-date=28 October 2018 |website=unicef.org}}</ref> Mu bbanga lya myaka 5, Disitulikiti ya Mara mu Tanzania yalaba okukendeera kwa bitundu 15% mu kukonziba mu baana abali wansi w'emyaka 5, nga kagwa okuva ku bitundu 46% okutuuka ku bitundu 31% mu 2005 ne 2010 ebyo. Kyokka, Dodoma, ku luuyi olulala, yalaba okweyongera kwa bitundu 7% mu kubunza kw'abaana mu kibinja kino eky'emyaka, nga kulinnya okuva ku bitundu 50% mu 2005 okutuuka ku bitundu 57% mu 2010.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2012 |title=Tanzania Assessment for Scaling Up Nutrition |url=http://apps.who.int/nutrition/landscape_analysis/TanzaniaLandscapeAnalysisFinalReport.pdf?ua=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302164752/https://apps.who.int/nutrition/landscape_analysis/TanzaniaLandscapeAnalysisFinalReport.pdf?ua=1 |archive-date=2 March 2021 |via=[[World Health Organization]]}}</ref> Okutwaliza awamu okubeerawo kw'emmere tekitegeeza nti kireeta okukonziba kw'abaana. Ebitundu bya Iringa, Mbeya, ne Rukwa, gye batwala okubeerawo kw'emmere okuba nga kusobola okukkirizibwa, era bikyalimu okukonziba okusukka mu bitundu 50%. Mu bitundu ebimu awabeera enjala, gamba nga mu bitundu bya Tabora ne Singida, okukonziba kusigala nga kutono bw'okugeraageranya n'okwo okulabibwa mu Iringa, Mbeya ne Rukwa.<ref name=":6" /> Ekitongole kya Tanzania Food and Nutrition Centre kigamba nti enjawulo zino ziva ku njawulo mu ndya embi ey'abakyala ab'embuto, enkola embi ey'okuliisa abaana abawere, enkola embi[ ey'obuyonjo n'obujjanjabi obubi.<ref name=":6" /> Ebiseera by'ekyeya bisobola okukosa ennyo okukula kw'ebirime mu Tanzania. Ekyeya mu East Africa kivuddemu okweyongera kw'ebbeeyi y'emmere enkulu nga kasooli n'obulo, ebirime ebikulu mu ndya y'abantu abasinga obungi mu Tanzania. Okuva mu 2015 okutuuka mu 2017, ebbeeyi ya kasooli bwe yagulibwa mu bungi yalinnya emirundi egisukka mu esatu, okuva ku TSh 400/= buli kilo okutuuka ku 1,253/= buli kilo.<ref name=":12">{{Cite news |last=Makoye |first=Kizito |title=Survey finds most Tanzanians go hungry, despite government denials |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/tanzania-hunger-idUSL5N1GJ5CP |access-date=20 November 2018 |work=Reuters}}</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == [[Category:Tanzania| ]] [[Category:Ensi za Afirika]] [[Category:Ensi]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa ku Ssemazinga wa Africa]] [[Category:Amawanga agasangibwa mu Buvanjuba bwa Africa]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda]] [[Category:Buganda]] 6jw95eh51p2fst27104ppdv32t5wmgt 0 3832 76263 55699 2026-10-10T10:07:48Z Thomas Eddie Irigei 11996 removed duplicated link 76263 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} ==EBYENYANJA OMUNTU YENNA OSOBOLEERA DAALA OKUBILUNDIRA AWAAKA NGA AKOZESEEZA PIIPA OBA EKIVERA== Bwobera ne [[piipa]] [[ekiveera]] oyinza okulya [[ebyenyanja]] okuva kumwaka okutuka kumwaka atenga neku piipa oba ekiveera okwo kwenyini osimbyeko[[enva]] [[endirwa]. 0wi6kt59kgg5yp0rqkui315eyd6zgne 0 6218 76279 33772 2026-10-10T10:47:51Z Dr. Mulangira Mathias Kalanda 12008 added citation #WUCSU26 76279 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Lead electrolytic and 1cm3 cube.jpg|thumb|'''Lead electrolytic''']] Gakuweebwa Charles Muwanga !!! Akaziba k'Ekikulembero era kayitibwa Atomu y’Ekikulambiro (Lead atom) mu Luganda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Atomic Weight of Lead {{!}} Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights |url=https://www.ciaaw.org/lead.htm |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=www.ciaaw.org |language=en}}</ref> Ekikulembero (lead) kaziba kazito nnyo nga kaba kakyali kaggumivu (stable) n’obukontanyo 82 awamu ne nampawengwa 125, nga kasingako katono ku ya makyule mu buzito. Obutafaanana byuma birala, ekikulembero tekiyitamu masannyalaze bulungi. Ekikulembero kyonna mu bwengula kyava munda mwa njuba. Kubanga ekikulembero kirina enzitoya nnene, abantu bakozesa enzitoya yakyo okukola obuzito (weights) n’okukola amasasi. Enzitoya ennene ewa essasi ly’ekikulembero entebentuka (momentum) ey’amaanyi. Ekikulembero era kigonderera nnyo ate nga tekifuma (does not corride) nnyo, n’olwekyo kikozesebwa mu kuzimba, nga okukwatagannya ennyingo ku busolya okuziiyiza amazzi okuwaguza. dckd812utmnsa26bwjnk90mjlppbwcf 0 7306 76234 71834 2026-10-10T09:34:54Z Dr. Mulangira Mathias Kalanda 12008 added link #WUCXSU26 76234 wikitext text/x-wiki Okusinziira ku Muwanga Charles mu kitabo kye Bassekalowooleza ne bannakalowooleza ba Buganda Abedda, ono yali munoonyerezi ku mbeera y'Obudde nga bwekyuka ku nnyanya [[nalubaale]](Victoria). [[Category:Buganda]] b6kgo1osa6egu7b033xpqlmkp6famsq 0 8242 76228 76147 2026-10-10T00:09:49Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 76228 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Giovanni Kiyingi''', Munnayuganda, omuwandiisi,era muyimbi w'enyimba ez'obuwangwa saako n'[[World music|ennyimba z'ensi]]. Amanyikiddwa ku lw'obukugu bwe mu kukuba ebivuda eby'enjawulo omuli; [[endingidi]], [[Mbira|akogo]], [[adungu]], guitar, harmonica, omulele, [[djembe]], [[Calabash (percussion)|nsaasi]], [[congas]], engoma, ne [[Maracas|ndege]], n'ebirala bingi.<ref name="Archive copy">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/42-entertainment/36604-kahirimbanyi-s-kahiri-lands-without-hitch |access-date=2022-11-14 |archive-date=2015-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711084303/http://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/42-entertainment/36604-kahirimbanyi-s-kahiri-lands-without-hitch |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Archive copy"/> Yali omu kubannayugandda abalondebwa okw'aniriza [[Pope Francis]] mu Uganda e Kololo nga 27 Ogwekkuminogumu 2015. Obukugu bwe mu kukozesa ebivuga eby'enjawulo, n'eddoboozi lye bimusobozeseza okuyitibwa okuyimba ku fesitivo ez'enjawulo saako n'emikolo gy'ekikungu mu Uganda n'ensi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.kenyabuzz.com/whats-on/thursday-nite-live-featuring-makademke-giovanni-ki |access-date=2022-11-14 |archive-date=2015-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208163058/http://www.kenyabuzz.com/whats-on/thursday-nite-live-featuring-makademke-giovanni-ki |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yayitibwa okuweereza ku mukolo gwa landmark yoga mu India ogwakazibwaako erya "The unveiling of a 112 foot tall face of the Adiyogi Shiva– the source of yoga'".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Vision |title=Uganda's Giovanni to perform at yoga event in India |url=https://www.newvision.co.ugnull/ |access-date=2026-10-07 |website=New Vision}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe == Mu mboozi ey'akafumbo n'aba ''Chimpreports'', Kiyingi yakakasa nti y'ava mu kusoma omwaka mulaba okusobola okukaza okuyimba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://chimpreports.com/entertainment/interview-i-quit-school-for-1-year-to-concentrate-on-music-ugandan-musician |access-date=2022-11-14 |archive-date=2015-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208135823/http://chimpreports.com/entertainment/interview-i-quit-school-for-1-year-to-concentrate-on-music-ugandan-musician/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Enyimba z'eyakola == === Alubaamu ze === {{Discography list|Type=Studio|Name=Amakondeere|Other info=<!-- added between parentheses after Name (album or EP) -->|from Album=<!-- ONLY FOR EP/SINGLE: added after Name -->|Released=2016<!-- "1992" or "11 February 1992 -->|Format=CD<!-- "LP/CD/..." -->|Label=|Writer=Giovanni Kiyingi|Writers=<!-- Use if there are multiple writers, comma if many -->|Producer=<!-- "Producer name" or "[[Producer name]]", comma if many -->|Director=<!-- "Director name" or "[[Director name]]" for music videos -->|Chart position=<!-- "No. 1 U.S." or "No. 12 UK" or such -->|Sales=<!-- "3 million sold as of 2005" or such -->|Certification=<!-- "Gold" or such -->|Tracks=|Bonus tracks=2<!-- "Four" (Japan edition) -->|Singles=Nkwesuunga, Amakondeere}}{{Discography list|Type=Studio|Name=Joy of an African (Esanyu Ly'omufilika)|Other info=<!-- added between parentheses after Name (album or EP) -->|from Album=<!-- ONLY FOR EP/SINGLE: added after Name -->|Released=2010<!-- "1992" or "11 February 1992 -->|Format=CD<!-- "LP/CD/..." -->|Label=|Writer=Giovanni Kiyingi|Writers=<!-- Use if there are multiple writers, comma if many -->|Producer=Jude Mugerwa|Director=Giovanni Kiyingi|Chart position=<!-- "No. 1 U.S." or "No. 12 UK" or such -->|Sales=<!-- "3 million sold as of 2005" or such -->|Certification=<!-- "Gold" or such -->|Tracks=Joy of an African(Esanyu ly'omufilika), Ssegamwenge,Asante, Omwana W'afilika, Ekyaalo Mpala, Ekibbobo, Kanyimbe, Omukisa Omulala, Omumuli, Naasiwa Mukange|Bonus tracks=2<!-- "Four" (Japan edition) -->|Singles=Joy of an African(Esanyu ly'omufilika), Omwana W'afilika}} == Emikolo gy'eyayimbako == Kiyingi ayimbye kubikujjuko by<nowiki>'ennyima eby''enjawulo okwetoloola ensi yonna n'abayimbi eb'</nowiki>enjawulo omuli [[Alikiba]] ow'e Tanzania mu 2016 ku mukolo gwa Blankets and Wine festival,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Vision |title=Alikiba: It would be pleasure to work with a Ugandan artiste |url=https://www.newvision.co.ugnull/ |access-date=2026-10-07 |website=New Vision}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Vision |title=An Alikiba affair at Blankets & Wine Kampala |url=https://www.newvision.co.ugnull/ |access-date=2026-10-07 |website=New Vision}}</ref> amuwanguzi wa awaadi ya [[Kora Awards]] [[Suzan Kerunen]], omuwanguzi wa awaadi eziwerako [[Maurice Kirya]], Myco Ouma, [[Jemimah Sanyu]],Jude Mugerwa, Kinobe Herbert ku bikujjuko bya Pearl Rhythm Festival mu 2012, Okello Lawrence ne Joel Sebunjo ku DOADOA mu 2014, Brian Mugenyi ku Utam Festival e Kenya mu 2015, omutandisi w'ekibiina kya ethno jazz [[Mulatu Astatke]] ku Jazz Village mu Ethiopia, Harry Lwanga, Ssali Muserebende, omunaKenya Makadem,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.hangout.co.ke/rooftop-sundowner-with-makadem-ke-ft-giovanni-ug/ |access-date=2022-11-14 |archive-date=2016-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220121006/http://www.hangout.co.ke/rooftop-sundowner-with-makadem-ke-ft-giovanni-ug/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Afrigo Band]], ne Sarabi band. Ayimbye ku bikujjuko omuli Bayimba International Festival, [[Pearl Rhythm Festival]], ebya [[Milege Festival|Milege World Music Festival]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-04 |title=Milege festival turns chilly Entebbe warm |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/entertainment/milege-festival-turns-chilly-entebbe-warm-1592534 |access-date=2026-10-07 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Santuri Safari Projects,<ref name="santurisafari.org">{{Cite web |url=http://www.santurisafari.org/?cpt_artist=giovanni-kremer-kiyingi |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-14 |archive-date=2022-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929183807/https://www.santurisafari.org/?cpt_artist=giovanni-kremer-kiyingi |url-status=dead }}</ref> ebya Kenyatta University Cultural Exchange, DOADOA,<ref name="santurisafari.org"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.okayafrica.com/news/santuri-safari-east-african-dj-collective-uganda-exclusives/ |access-date=2022-11-14 |archive-date=2017-06-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606003530/http://www.okayafrica.com/news/santuri-safari-east-african-dj-collective-uganda-exclusives/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ebya Irimba Cultural Festival mu kibuga [[Arusha, Tanzania]], Yatimbibwa ng'omuyimbi omukulu ku bikujjuko bya Utam Festival – Kenya mu 2015, Laba Festival of the Arts mu 2016,<ref name="allafrica.com">{{Cite news |title=Uganda: Giovanni Restores Hope for Local Folklore Music |url=http://allafrica.com:80/stories/201606150670.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617001739/http://allafrica.com/stories/201606150670.html |archive-date=2016-06-17 |access-date=2026-10-07 |work=allAfrica.com |language=en |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="allafrica.com"/><ref name="labaartsfestival.wordpress.com">{{Cite web |date=2017-04-20 |title=MUSICIANS 2016 |url=https://labaartsfestival.wordpress.com/musicians-2016-2/ |access-date=2026-10-07 |website=LaBa! Arts Festival |language=en}}</ref> ebya African Jazz Village, era ne Sondeka Festival mu Kenya.<ref name="labaartsfestival.wordpress.com"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hello! |url=http://proggie.ug/giovanni-kiyingi-to-showcase-his-multi-instrumentalist-skills-at-the-14th-edition-of-blankets-and-wine/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618080246/http://proggie.ug/giovanni-kiyingi-to-showcase-his-multi-instrumentalist-skills-at-the-14th-edition-of-blankets-and-wine/ |archive-date=2018-06-18 |access-date=2026-10-07 |website=proggie.ug |language=en-US |url-status=live}}</ref> Y'etaba mu bikujjuko bya Blankets and Wine Festival mu Gwomwenda 2016 e [[Lugogo, Kampala|Lugogo]] ng'awerekeddwako abayimbi b'eSouth Africa ba [[Mafikizolo]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Vision |title=Blankets and rain and women |url=https://www.newvision.co.ugnull/ |access-date=2026-10-07 |website=New Vision}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://oops.ug/2016/09/08/blankets-wine-giovanni-kiyingi-showcase-multi-instrumentalist-skills/ |access-date=2022-11-14 |archive-date=2016-09-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160918052239/http://oops.ug/2016/09/08/blankets-wine-giovanni-kiyingi-showcase-multi-instrumentalist-skills/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://ugcelebrity.com/2016/08/31/giovani-kiyingi-set-concert/ |access-date=2022-11-14 |archive-date=2017-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218082831/http://ugcelebrity.com/2016/08/31/giovani-kiyingi-set-concert/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Giovanni yayimba ne [[Ssewa Ssewa]] mu 2017 ku bijaguzo by'okuyimba mu nsi yonna ku ssomero lya French school mu Kampala. == Laba ne == * [[List of Ugandan musicians|Olukalala lwa bayimbi ba Uganda]] * [[Ruyonga]] * [[Undercover Brothers Ug]] * [[Milege]] * [[Afrigo Band]] * [[Haka Mukiga]] == Ebijuliziddwa == <references responsive="0"></references> == Ebijuliziddwamu eby'ebweru wa Wikipediya == * Santuri Safari DJs 2015 {{folk music}} [[Category:Articles with short description]] [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Pages using infobox musical artist with associated acts]] [[Category:Abayimbi]] ep6ratyzxcqzekvs9kd6fyr99zwr7f8 0 8484 76250 31667 2026-10-10T09:57:43Z Thomas Eddie Irigei 11996 added a reference 76250 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Sam Ssimbwa''' (yazaalibwa mu 1967) [[:en:Uganda|Munnayuganda]] omukugu mu [[:en:Association_footballer|kusamba omupiira]] era [[:en:Association_football_manager|maneja]]. == Emirimu gye ng'omutendesi == Yazaanyira kiraabu ssatu: [[:en:KK_Cosmos|KK Cosmos]] (1986), [[:en:Kampala_City_Council_FC|KCC FC]] (1987-1995) ne [[:en:Mbale_Heroes_FC|Mbale Heroes FC]] (1999-2000). Era yazannyira ko mu [[:en:Uganda_national_football_team|ttiimu ye Ggwanga ey'omupiira gw'ebigere]]. Atendese ku kiraabu nga [[:en:Health_FC|Health FC]] (1998), [[:en:Mbale_Heroes_FC|Mbale Heroes FC]] (1999-2000), [[:en:Masaka_Local_Council_FC|Masaka LC FC]] (2001), [[:en:Police_FC_(Uganda)|Military Police FC]] (2002), [[:en:Kampala_City_Council_FC|KCC FC]] (emirundi ebiri mu 2002 & 2009), [[:en:Top_TV_FC|Top TV FC]] (2003-2004), kiraabu ya Rwanda eya [[:en:ATRACO_FC|ATRACO FC]] (2006), [[:en:Express_F.C.|Express F.C.]] (2007), [[:en:Simba_SC|Simba SC]] (2008) ne kiraabu ya Kenya eya [[:en:Sofapaka_F.C.|Sofapaka F.C.]] (2009-2010).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=10171:flashback-ssimbwa-tale-of-a-dribbling-maestro- |access-date=2022-12-11 |archive-date=2022-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211210022/https://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=10171:flashback-ssimbwa-tale-of-a-dribbling-maestro- |url-status=dead }}</ref> Okuva mu Gwekkuminogumu okutuusa mu Gwekkuminebiri 2012 yatendeka [[:en:Somalia_national_football_team|Ttiimu y'omupiira gw'ebigere ey'eggwanga lya Somalia]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.kawowo.com/index.php/football/item/14362-ssimbwa-for-somalia-national-team-job.html |access-date=2022-12-11 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030922/http://www.kawowo.com/index.php/football/item/14362-ssimbwa-for-somalia-national-team-job.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Strack-Zimmermann |first=Benjamin |title=Somalia (2012) |url=https://www.national-football-teams.com/country/171/2012/Somalia.html |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=www.national-football-teams.com |language=en}}</ref> Gyebuvuddeko abadde akulira abatendesi ba [[:en:SC_Victoria_University|SC Victoria University]]. oluvanyuma yatendeka [[:en:Express_F.C.|Express F.C.]] n'eya Rwanda [[:en:Police_F.C._(Rwanda)|Police F.C.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.redpepper.co.ug/sam-ssimbwa-now-jobless-after-leaving-rwandas-police-fc/ |access-date=2022-12-11 |archive-date=2022-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211210025/https://redpepper.co.ug/sam-ssimbwa-now-jobless-after-leaving-rwandas-police-fc/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nga 1 Ogwekkumi 2014 [[:en:SC_Villa|SC Villa]] yalonda Ssimbwa ng'omutendesi.<ref>http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/660298-sc-villa-appoint-ssimbwa-as-coach.html</ref> Famire ye n'abaana Milly Bayiyana Rebecca Nakayenga Faith Nakamanya William nakibinge Nassuna Sharon Ssimbwa kauthara == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}}{{Somalia national football team managers}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ssimbwa, Sam}} 41941q6jgq3iic9dgymliakeyeccbzh 0 9771 76247 54631 2026-10-10T09:46:43Z Dr. Mulangira Mathias Kalanda 12008 added link #WUCXSU26 76247 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Catherine A. Odora Hoppers''' yazaalibwa mu mwezi ogw'omusanvu, ng'enaku z'omwezi 3, mu mwaka 1957, nga mukenkufu enzaalwa za [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] munkulakulana y'eby'enjigiriza mu South Afrika. Akoleddeko mu ggwanga lya Sweden, nga kati mu mwaka gwa 2020 asinziira mu ggwanga lya South Afrika. == Obulamu bwe == Odora Hoppers yazaalibwa mu ggwanga lya Uganda.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web}}https://web.archive.org/web/20230324155301/https://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/odora-hoppers-catherine-alum</ref> Yasomera mu Uganda, Zambia ne Sweden. Alina diguli eyawagulu omu by<nowiki>'enjigiriza oba giyite ''doctorate in international pedagogy''</nowiki> okuva mutendekero lya [[:en:Stockholm_University|Stockholm University]]. Yakolako ng<nowiki>'omuwi w'amagezi mu kitongole kya UNESCO ne mu kitongole kya ''World Intellectual Property Organization''</nowiki> (WIPO)<ref name=":1">https://web.archive.org/web/20230324155315/https://uil.unesco.org/alumni/honorary-fellows-2017<nowiki/>,{{Cite web}}</ref> ne mu gavumenti ya South Afrika<ref name=":0" /> ne Uganda. Mu mwaka gwa 2008 yali muwi w<nowiki>'amagezi ow'eby'ekikugu kunsibuko y'amagezi mu kakiiko ka ''Parliamentary Portfolio Committee'' ku by'ebifannanyi, eby'obuwangwa, saayansi ne tekinologiya. Bweyafuuka omukenkufu ng'omunoonyereza w'enkulakulana mu by'enjigiriza mu South Afrika. Kino kyali kifo kya ggwanga nga kyatandikibwawo ekitongole ky'</nowiki>e South Afrika ekivunaanyizibwa ku bya saayaansi ne tekinologiya mu Pretoria.<ref>{{Cite web}}https://web.archive.org/web/20250111225909/https://pascalobservatory.org/users/catherine-odora-hoppers</ref> Ensangi zino mu mwaka gwa 2021, abeera mu disitulikiti y'e Gulu mu Uganda. == Engule z'awangudde == [[File:High_Level_Panel_Discusses_Challenges_and_Opportunities_for_Africa_in_a_Knowledge-Based_Economy.jpg|thumb|Kuteesa ku Afrika munsonga n'okuwangana amagezi ku by'enfuna mu mwaka gwa 2015. Okuva ku kkono okudda ku ddyo: ye [[:en:Kingsley_Moghalu|Kingsley Moghalu]], Martial De-Paul Ikounga, munamawulire t [[:en:Nozipho_Mbanjwa|Nozipho Mbanjwa]], [[:en:Oluwatoyin_Sanni|Oluwatoyin Sanni]], [[:en:Julius_Akinyemi|Julius Akinyemi]], [[:en:Francis_Gurry|Francis Gurry]], Odora-Hoppers, [[:en:Mactar_Silla|Mactar Silla]] ne [[:en:Snowy_Khoza|Snowy Khoza]] ]] Odora Hoppers yaweebwa ekitiibwa kya diguli eyawagulu okuva mutendekero lya [[:en:Örebro_University|Örebro University]] mu by<nowiki>'enkukula ky'amagezi oba kiyite ''Philosophy'' mu mwaka gwa 2008, n'</nowiki>endala okuva mutendekero lya [[:en:Nelson_Mandela_Metropolitan_University|Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University]] mu South Afrika mu mwaka gwa 2012.<ref name=":0" /> Mu mwaka ogwaddako yafuna engule okuva ew'omukulembezze w Uganda mu mwaka gwa 2013webaali bajaguza Uganda okuweza emyaka 50 egy'obwetwazze.<ref name=":1" /> Yafuna engule ya <nowiki>''The National Pioneers Award mu mwaka gwa 2014, okuva mu bakulu oba " The Elders " olw'okutumbuula sisitiimu y'amagezi g'omu Afrika okumala emyaka 20 egyali giyise, okuva eggwanga lya South Afrika bweyafuna obuyinza bw'okwetwala okuva mu bafuzi b'</nowiki>amatwale. Mu mwezi ogw<nowiki>'omusanvu, ng'enaku z'omwezi 3, mu mwaka gwa 2015, engule ya ''Nelson Mandela Distinguished Africanist Award'' yaweebwa Odora Hoppers ng'emukwasibwa HE Thabo Mbeki kutendekero lya University of South Africa mu kibuga Pretoria eky'eggwanga lya South Afrika, nga mu mwaka ogwo, yatuumibwa omukyala w'</nowiki>omwaka <ref name=":1" /> , n'eyali ekulembedde abayigiriza kutendekero lya University of South Africa. Mu mwaka gwa 2017, yafuuka ow'ekitiibwa mu kitongole kya UNESCO okubeera ow'eby'enjigiriza ebiwaanvu .<ref name=":1" /> === Ebitabo ne byafulumiza ng'ebitontome n'ebiwaandiiko ebirala (ebirondeddwamu) === * "Indigenous Knowledge and the Integration of Knowledge Systems: Towards a Conceptual and Methodological Framework, pages 2-22. Chapter in ''Indigenous Knowledge and the Integration of Knowledge Systems. Towards a Philosophy of Articulation'' . Odora Hoppers CA ed. Cape Town. New Africa Books. 2002.   * "Evolution / Creationism Debate: Insights and Implications from the Indigenous Knowledge Systems Perspective", p.&nbsp;74-88. Chapter in ''The Architect and the Scaffold: Evolution and Education in South Africa'' . James W. & Wilson L. Cape Town, Human Sciences Research Council Publishers & New Africa Books. 2002.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/07969-2003-6|07969-2003-6]] * ''Indigenous Knowledge and the Integration of Knowledge Systems: Towards a Philosophy of Articulation''. Editor. 2002.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/1-919876-58-8|1-919876-58-8]] * "The Development Gulag, Sustainable Human Development, and Their Implications for Africa's Self Image and Renewal", p.&nbsp;157-174. Chapter in ''Chasing Futures.'' ''Africa in the 21st Century - Problems and Prospects.'' Prah KK & Teka T. Cape Town. CASAS & OSSREA. 2003.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/1-919932-03-8|1-919932-03-8]] * "African Renaissance, Indigenous Knowledge, and the Challenge of Integrating Knowledge Systems", p.&nbsp;412-428. Chapter in ''Globalizing Africa''. Smith M. ed. Trenton NJ. Africa World Press. 2003.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-86543-870-6|0-86543-870-6]] * "Eco-Social Wisdom of Billions and the Philosophy of its Articulation: Ethical and Strategic Imperatives", p.&nbsp;14-38. Chapter in ''Multiple Languages, Literacies and Technologies''. Slide PV ed. New Delhi & Frankfurt. 81-89164-11-2. 2004   * "Culture, Indigenous Knowledge and Development: The Role of the University", p.&nbsp;42, Johannesburg. Center for Education Policy Development. 2005.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-9584749-2-3|0-9584749-2-3]] * "Between 'Mainstreaming' and 'Transformation': Lessons and Challenges for Institutional Change", p.&nbsp;55-74. Chapter in ''Gender Equity in South African Education 1994-2004'' . Chisholm L. & September J. Cape Town. HSRC Press. 2005.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-7969-2094-X|0-7969-2094-X]] * "Constructing a Conceptual Framework for Historically Black Universities (HBUs) in a Developmental Paradigm", p.&nbsp;47-64. Chapter in ''Within the Realms of Possibility.'' ''From Disadvantage to Development'' at the University of Fort Hare and the University of the North. Nkomo M; Swartz D; Maja B. Human Sciences Research Council Press. 2006.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-7969-2155-5|0-7969-2155-5]] * "Establishing a Systems Dialogue between South Africa and Sweden", p.&nbsp;1-14. Chapter of Odora Hoppers; Gustavsson B; Motala E; Pampallis J. ''Democracy and Human Rights in Education and Society: Explorations from South Africa and Sweden''. Örebro University. Örebro University Press. 2007.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-91-7668-543-3|978-91-7668-543-3]] * "Towards a Systems Dialogue: Exploring Issues in Educational Reform in Sweden and South Africa", p.&nbsp;15-35. Chapter of Odora Hoppers; Lundgren UP Pampallis J.; Motala E; Nihlfors E., ''Dilemmas of Implementing Education Reforms.'' ''Explorations from South Africa and Sweden''. Uppsala University. STEP. 2007.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9789189444270|9789189444270]] <references /> [[Category:Ettuluba]] r5l6zgd3bds1bne0ylj8cvnivmbnmk9 76253 76247 2026-10-10T10:00:06Z Dr. Mulangira Mathias Kalanda 12008 added citation #WUCSU26 76253 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Catherine A. Odora Hoppers''' yazaalibwa mu mwezi ogw'omusanvu, ng'enaku z'omwezi 3, mu mwaka 1957, nga mukenkufu enzaalwa za [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] munkulakulana y'eby'enjigiriza mu South Afrika. Akoleddeko mu ggwanga lya Sweden, nga kati mu mwaka gwa 2020 asinziira mu ggwanga lya South Afrika<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Institute of Applied Governance in Science, Knowledge Systems & Innovation |url=https://www.giagsi-ug.org/Members/prof-catherine-a-odora-hoppers/ |access-date=2026-10-10}}</ref>. == Obulamu bwe == Odora Hoppers yazaalibwa mu ggwanga lya Uganda.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web}}https://web.archive.org/web/20230324155301/https://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/odora-hoppers-catherine-alum</ref> Yasomera mu Uganda, Zambia ne Sweden. Alina diguli eyawagulu omu by<nowiki>'enjigiriza oba giyite ''doctorate in international pedagogy''</nowiki> okuva mutendekero lya [[:en:Stockholm_University|Stockholm University]]. Yakolako ng<nowiki>'omuwi w'amagezi mu kitongole kya UNESCO ne mu kitongole kya ''World Intellectual Property Organization''</nowiki> (WIPO)<ref name=":1">https://web.archive.org/web/20230324155315/https://uil.unesco.org/alumni/honorary-fellows-2017<nowiki/>,{{Cite web}}</ref> ne mu gavumenti ya South Afrika<ref name=":0" /> ne Uganda. Mu mwaka gwa 2008 yali muwi w<nowiki>'amagezi ow'eby'ekikugu kunsibuko y'amagezi mu kakiiko ka ''Parliamentary Portfolio Committee'' ku by'ebifannanyi, eby'obuwangwa, saayansi ne tekinologiya. Bweyafuuka omukenkufu ng'omunoonyereza w'enkulakulana mu by'enjigiriza mu South Afrika. Kino kyali kifo kya ggwanga nga kyatandikibwawo ekitongole ky'</nowiki>e South Afrika ekivunaanyizibwa ku bya saayaansi ne tekinologiya mu Pretoria.<ref>{{Cite web}}https://web.archive.org/web/20250111225909/https://pascalobservatory.org/users/catherine-odora-hoppers</ref> Ensangi zino mu mwaka gwa 2021, abeera mu disitulikiti y'e Gulu mu Uganda. == Engule z'awangudde == [[File:High_Level_Panel_Discusses_Challenges_and_Opportunities_for_Africa_in_a_Knowledge-Based_Economy.jpg|thumb|Kuteesa ku Afrika munsonga n'okuwangana amagezi ku by'enfuna mu mwaka gwa 2015. Okuva ku kkono okudda ku ddyo: ye [[:en:Kingsley_Moghalu|Kingsley Moghalu]], Martial De-Paul Ikounga, munamawulire t [[:en:Nozipho_Mbanjwa|Nozipho Mbanjwa]], [[:en:Oluwatoyin_Sanni|Oluwatoyin Sanni]], [[:en:Julius_Akinyemi|Julius Akinyemi]], [[:en:Francis_Gurry|Francis Gurry]], Odora-Hoppers, [[:en:Mactar_Silla|Mactar Silla]] ne [[:en:Snowy_Khoza|Snowy Khoza]] ]] Odora Hoppers yaweebwa ekitiibwa kya diguli eyawagulu okuva mutendekero lya [[:en:Örebro_University|Örebro University]] mu by<nowiki>'enkukula ky'amagezi oba kiyite ''Philosophy'' mu mwaka gwa 2008, n'</nowiki>endala okuva mutendekero lya [[:en:Nelson_Mandela_Metropolitan_University|Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University]] mu South Afrika mu mwaka gwa 2012.<ref name=":0" /> Mu mwaka ogwaddako yafuna engule okuva ew'omukulembezze w Uganda mu mwaka gwa 2013webaali bajaguza Uganda okuweza emyaka 50 egy'obwetwazze.<ref name=":1" /> Yafuna engule ya <nowiki>''The National Pioneers Award mu mwaka gwa 2014, okuva mu bakulu oba " The Elders " olw'okutumbuula sisitiimu y'amagezi g'omu Afrika okumala emyaka 20 egyali giyise, okuva eggwanga lya South Afrika bweyafuna obuyinza bw'okwetwala okuva mu bafuzi b'</nowiki>amatwale. Mu mwezi ogw<nowiki>'omusanvu, ng'enaku z'omwezi 3, mu mwaka gwa 2015, engule ya ''Nelson Mandela Distinguished Africanist Award'' yaweebwa Odora Hoppers ng'emukwasibwa HE Thabo Mbeki kutendekero lya University of South Africa mu kibuga Pretoria eky'eggwanga lya South Afrika, nga mu mwaka ogwo, yatuumibwa omukyala w'</nowiki>omwaka <ref name=":1" /> , n'eyali ekulembedde abayigiriza kutendekero lya University of South Africa. Mu mwaka gwa 2017, yafuuka ow'ekitiibwa mu kitongole kya UNESCO okubeera ow'eby'enjigiriza ebiwaanvu .<ref name=":1" /> === Ebitabo ne byafulumiza ng'ebitontome n'ebiwaandiiko ebirala (ebirondeddwamu) === * "Indigenous Knowledge and the Integration of Knowledge Systems: Towards a Conceptual and Methodological Framework, pages 2-22. Chapter in ''Indigenous Knowledge and the Integration of Knowledge Systems. Towards a Philosophy of Articulation'' . Odora Hoppers CA ed. Cape Town. New Africa Books. 2002.   * "Evolution / Creationism Debate: Insights and Implications from the Indigenous Knowledge Systems Perspective", p.&nbsp;74-88. Chapter in ''The Architect and the Scaffold: Evolution and Education in South Africa'' . James W. & Wilson L. Cape Town, Human Sciences Research Council Publishers & New Africa Books. 2002.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/07969-2003-6|07969-2003-6]] * ''Indigenous Knowledge and the Integration of Knowledge Systems: Towards a Philosophy of Articulation''. Editor. 2002.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/1-919876-58-8|1-919876-58-8]] * "The Development Gulag, Sustainable Human Development, and Their Implications for Africa's Self Image and Renewal", p.&nbsp;157-174. Chapter in ''Chasing Futures.'' ''Africa in the 21st Century - Problems and Prospects.'' Prah KK & Teka T. Cape Town. CASAS & OSSREA. 2003.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/1-919932-03-8|1-919932-03-8]] * "African Renaissance, Indigenous Knowledge, and the Challenge of Integrating Knowledge Systems", p.&nbsp;412-428. Chapter in ''Globalizing Africa''. Smith M. ed. Trenton NJ. Africa World Press. 2003.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-86543-870-6|0-86543-870-6]] * "Eco-Social Wisdom of Billions and the Philosophy of its Articulation: Ethical and Strategic Imperatives", p.&nbsp;14-38. Chapter in ''Multiple Languages, Literacies and Technologies''. Slide PV ed. New Delhi & Frankfurt. 81-89164-11-2. 2004   * "Culture, Indigenous Knowledge and Development: The Role of the University", p.&nbsp;42, Johannesburg. Center for Education Policy Development. 2005.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-9584749-2-3|0-9584749-2-3]] * "Between 'Mainstreaming' and 'Transformation': Lessons and Challenges for Institutional Change", p.&nbsp;55-74. Chapter in ''Gender Equity in South African Education 1994-2004'' . Chisholm L. & September J. Cape Town. HSRC Press. 2005.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-7969-2094-X|0-7969-2094-X]] * "Constructing a Conceptual Framework for Historically Black Universities (HBUs) in a Developmental Paradigm", p.&nbsp;47-64. Chapter in ''Within the Realms of Possibility.'' ''From Disadvantage to Development'' at the University of Fort Hare and the University of the North. Nkomo M; Swartz D; Maja B. Human Sciences Research Council Press. 2006.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-7969-2155-5|0-7969-2155-5]] * "Establishing a Systems Dialogue between South Africa and Sweden", p.&nbsp;1-14. Chapter of Odora Hoppers; Gustavsson B; Motala E; Pampallis J. ''Democracy and Human Rights in Education and Society: Explorations from South Africa and Sweden''. Örebro University. Örebro University Press. 2007.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-91-7668-543-3|978-91-7668-543-3]] * "Towards a Systems Dialogue: Exploring Issues in Educational Reform in Sweden and South Africa", p.&nbsp;15-35. Chapter of Odora Hoppers; Lundgren UP Pampallis J.; Motala E; Nihlfors E., ''Dilemmas of Implementing Education Reforms.'' ''Explorations from South Africa and Sweden''. Uppsala University. STEP. 2007.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9789189444270|9789189444270]] <references /> [[Category:Ettuluba]] 5280didtxn2llrr44h5rwmngei2922k 76261 76253 2026-10-10T10:05:50Z Dr. Mulangira Mathias Kalanda 12008 improve gramma #WUCSU26 76261 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Catherine A. Odora Hoppers''' yazaalibwa mu mwezi ogw'omusanvu, ng'enaku z'omwezi 3, mu mwaka 1957, nga mukenkufu enzaalwa za [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] munkulakulana y'eby'enjigiriza mu South Afrika. Akoleddeko mu ggwanga lya Sweden, nga kati mu mwaka gwa 2020 asinziira mu ggwanga lya South Afrika<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Institute of Applied Governance in Science, Knowledge Systems & Innovation |url=https://www.giagsi-ug.org/Members/prof-catherine-a-odora-hoppers/ |access-date=2026-10-10}}</ref>. == Obulamu bwe == Odora Hoppers yazaalibwa mu ggwanga lya Uganda.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web}}https://web.archive.org/web/20230324155301/https://www.aasciences.africa/fellow/odora-hoppers-catherine-alum</ref> Yasomera mu Uganda, Zambia ne Sweden. Alina diguli eyawagulu omu by<nowiki>'enjigiriza oba giyite ''doctorate in international pedagogy''</nowiki> okuva mutendekero lya [[:en:Stockholm_University|Stockholm University]].Yakolako ng<nowiki>'omuwi w'amagezi mu kitongole kya UNESCO ne mu kitongole kya ''World Intellectual Property Organization''</nowiki> (WIPO)<ref name=":1">https://web.archive.org/web/20230324155315/https://uil.unesco.org/alumni/honorary-fellows-2017<nowiki/>,{{Cite web}}</ref> ne mu gavumenti ya South Afrika<ref name=":0" /> ne Uganda. Mu mwaka gwa 2008 yali muwi w<nowiki>'amagezi ow'eby'ekikugu kunsibuko y'amagezi mu kakiiko ka ''Parliamentary Portfolio Committee'' ku by'ebifannanyi, eby'obuwangwa, saayansi ne tekinologiya. Bweyafuuka omukenkufu ng'omunoonyereza w'enkulakulana mu by'enjigiriza mu South Afrika. Kino kyali kifo kya ggwanga nga kyatandikibwawo ekitongole ky'</nowiki>e South Afrika ekivunaanyizibwa ku bya saayaansi ne tekinologiya mu Pretoria.<ref>{{Cite web}}https://web.archive.org/web/20250111225909/https://pascalobservatory.org/users/catherine-odora-hoppers</ref> Ensangi zino mu mwaka gwa 2021, abeera mu disitulikiti y'e Gulu mu Uganda. == Engule z'awangudde == [[File:High_Level_Panel_Discusses_Challenges_and_Opportunities_for_Africa_in_a_Knowledge-Based_Economy.jpg|thumb|Kuteesa ku Afrika munsonga n'okuwangana amagezi ku by'enfuna mu mwaka gwa 2015. Okuva ku kkono okudda ku ddyo: ye [[:en:Kingsley_Moghalu|Kingsley Moghalu]], Martial De-Paul Ikounga, munamawulire t [[:en:Nozipho_Mbanjwa|Nozipho Mbanjwa]], [[:en:Oluwatoyin_Sanni|Oluwatoyin Sanni]], [[:en:Julius_Akinyemi|Julius Akinyemi]], [[:en:Francis_Gurry|Francis Gurry]], Odora-Hoppers, [[:en:Mactar_Silla|Mactar Silla]] ne [[:en:Snowy_Khoza|Snowy Khoza]] ]] Odora Hoppers yaweebwa ekitiibwa kya diguli eyawagulu okuva mutendekero lya [[:en:Örebro_University|Örebro University]] mu by<nowiki>'enkukula ky'amagezi oba kiyite ''Philosophy'' mu mwaka gwa 2008, n'</nowiki>endala okuva mutendekero lya [[:en:Nelson_Mandela_Metropolitan_University|Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University]] mu South Afrika mu mwaka gwa 2012.<ref name=":0" /> Mu mwaka ogwaddako yafuna engule okuva ew'omukulembezze wa Uganda mu mwaka gwa 2013 webaali bajaguza Uganda okuweza emyaka 50 egy'obwetwazze.<ref name=":1" /> Yafuna engule ya <nowiki>''The National Pioneers Award mu mwaka gwa 2014, okuva mu bakulu oba " The Elders " olw'okutumbuula sisitiimu y'amagezi g'omu Afrika okumala emyaka 20 egyali giyise, okuva eggwanga lya South Afrika bweyafuna obuyinza bw'okwetwala okuva mu bafuzi b'</nowiki>amatwale. Mu mwezi ogw<nowiki>'omusanvu, ng'enaku z'omwezi 3, mu mwaka gwa 2015, engule ya ''Nelson Mandela Distinguished Africanist Award'' yaweebwa Odora Hoppers ng'emukwasibwa HE Thabo Mbeki kutendekero lya University of South Africa mu kibuga Pretoria eky'eggwanga lya South Afrika, nga mu mwaka ogwo, yatuumibwa omukyala w'</nowiki>omwaka <ref name=":1" /> , n'eyali ekulembedde abayigiriza kutendekero lya University of South Africa. Mu mwaka gwa 2017, yafuuka ow'ekitiibwa mu kitongole kya UNESCO okubeera ow'eby'enjigiriza ebiwaanvu .<ref name=":1" /> === Ebitabo ne byafulumiza ng'ebitontome n'ebiwaandiiko ebirala (ebirondeddwamu) === * "Indigenous Knowledge and the Integration of Knowledge Systems: Towards a Conceptual and Methodological Framework, pages 2-22. Chapter in ''Indigenous Knowledge and the Integration of Knowledge Systems. Towards a Philosophy of Articulation'' . Odora Hoppers CA ed. Cape Town. New Africa Books. 2002.   * "Evolution / Creationism Debate: Insights and Implications from the Indigenous Knowledge Systems Perspective", p.&nbsp;74-88. Chapter in ''The Architect and the Scaffold: Evolution and Education in South Africa'' . James W. & Wilson L. Cape Town, Human Sciences Research Council Publishers & New Africa Books. 2002.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/07969-2003-6|07969-2003-6]] * ''Indigenous Knowledge and the Integration of Knowledge Systems: Towards a Philosophy of Articulation''. Editor. 2002.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/1-919876-58-8|1-919876-58-8]] * "The Development Gulag, Sustainable Human Development, and Their Implications for Africa's Self Image and Renewal", p.&nbsp;157-174. Chapter in ''Chasing Futures.'' ''Africa in the 21st Century - Problems and Prospects.'' Prah KK & Teka T. Cape Town. CASAS & OSSREA. 2003.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/1-919932-03-8|1-919932-03-8]] * "African Renaissance, Indigenous Knowledge, and the Challenge of Integrating Knowledge Systems", p.&nbsp;412-428. Chapter in ''Globalizing Africa''. Smith M. ed. Trenton NJ. Africa World Press. 2003.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-86543-870-6|0-86543-870-6]] * "Eco-Social Wisdom of Billions and the Philosophy of its Articulation: Ethical and Strategic Imperatives", p.&nbsp;14-38. Chapter in ''Multiple Languages, Literacies and Technologies''. Slide PV ed. New Delhi & Frankfurt. 81-89164-11-2. 2004   * "Culture, Indigenous Knowledge and Development: The Role of the University", p.&nbsp;42, Johannesburg. Center for Education Policy Development. 2005.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-9584749-2-3|0-9584749-2-3]] * "Between 'Mainstreaming' and 'Transformation': Lessons and Challenges for Institutional Change", p.&nbsp;55-74. Chapter in ''Gender Equity in South African Education 1994-2004'' . Chisholm L. & September J. Cape Town. HSRC Press. 2005.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-7969-2094-X|0-7969-2094-X]] * "Constructing a Conceptual Framework for Historically Black Universities (HBUs) in a Developmental Paradigm", p.&nbsp;47-64. Chapter in ''Within the Realms of Possibility.'' ''From Disadvantage to Development'' at the University of Fort Hare and the University of the North. Nkomo M; Swartz D; Maja B. Human Sciences Research Council Press. 2006.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-7969-2155-5|0-7969-2155-5]] * "Establishing a Systems Dialogue between South Africa and Sweden", p.&nbsp;1-14. Chapter of Odora Hoppers; Gustavsson B; Motala E; Pampallis J. ''Democracy and Human Rights in Education and Society: Explorations from South Africa and Sweden''. Örebro University. Örebro University Press. 2007.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-91-7668-543-3|978-91-7668-543-3]] * "Towards a Systems Dialogue: Exploring Issues in Educational Reform in Sweden and South Africa", p.&nbsp;15-35. Chapter of Odora Hoppers; Lundgren UP Pampallis J.; Motala E; Nihlfors E., ''Dilemmas of Implementing Education Reforms.'' ''Explorations from South Africa and Sweden''. Uppsala University. STEP. 2007.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9789189444270|9789189444270]] <references /> [[Category:Ettuluba]] 6d4uq02bbnc7whw83u3tiky1kmwjjup 0 10127 76274 30719 2026-10-10T10:19:09Z Tricia arts 11994 added a citation 76274 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Edigold Monday''', [[:en:Uganda|munayuganda]] omubalirizi w'ebitabo, mukyala omusuubuzi, omukungu wa bbanka, era munabyanjigiriza. Ye mukiise w'ekitongole ekya [[:en:Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe|Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe's]] foundation for international cooperation (German: .V.) mu ggwanga, okuva mu Ogwekkuminebiri 2018. Emabegako, yaweereza [[:en:Managing_Director|ng'akulira entambuza y'emirimu]] mu kitongole ekya [[:en:Commercial_Bank_of_Africa_(Rwanda)|Commercial Bank of Africa (Rwanda)]], bbanka y'eby'obusuubuzi erina layisensi.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-03 |title=Stepping into gentlemen’s shoes |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/business/prosper/stepping-into-gentlemen-s-shoes-1485154 |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> [[Category:Articles containing German-language text]] Nga kino tekinnabaawo, yakolanga ng'akulira entambuza y'emirimu mu kitongole ekya [[:en:Bank_of_Africa_(Uganda)|Bank of Africa (Uganda)]]. Monday ye munayuganda omukyala eyasooka okubeera mu kifo ky'akulira entambuza y'emirimu mu kitongole era avunaanyizibwa ku kukuuma erinya ly'ekitongole eya BOA-Uganda mu [[:en:Commercial_bank|bbanka y'eby'obusuubuzi]] mu byafaayo by'eggwanga. == Okusoma == Monday yayingizibwa mu [[:en:Makerere_University|Makerere University]] mu 1984, n'amaliriza mu 1987, ng'alina [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|diguli esooka mu Arts]] mu byenfuna n'ebyenjigiriza. Ye [[:en:Chartered_Certified_Accountant|mubalirizi w'ebitabo omukakafu]] eyakakasibwa [[:en:Association_of_Chartered_Certified_Accountants|Association of Chartered Certificate Accountants]]. [[:en:Master_of_Business_Administration|Diguli ye ey'okubiri eya Business Administration]], yagifuna okuva mu [[:en:Heriot-Watt_University|Heriot-Watt University]]. Yeetabye mu masomero amalala mangi ag'eby'obusuubuzi, ag'obukulembeze n'eby'okutereka sente mu bank, okusinziira ku bimukwatako ku yintaneeti. == Emirimu == Monday yafuuka munnabbanka mu 1994, ng'atandika ng'omubalirizi w'ebitabo mu [[:en:Centenary_Bank|Centenary Bank]]. Emyaka bwe gyagenda giyitawo, yagenda mu maaso n'okufuuka Omubalirirzi w'ebitabo omukulu mu Centenary Bank mu 2001. Mu 2004 yaleka Centenary neyeegatta ku [[:en:Uganda_Wildlife_Authority|Uganda Wildlife Authority]], ng'akulira eby'ensimbi n'obukulembeze, okuva mu Ogwomukaaga 2004 okutuuka mu Ogusooka 2007. Oluvannyuma yeegatta ku Commercial Microfinance (CMF), ekitongole kya [[:en:Banking_in_Uganda|Tier II Microfinance Institution]], n'atuuka ku mutendera gwa senkulu w'ekitongole. Industrial and General Insurance Company Plc. of [[Nigeria]] bwe yafuna CMF mu 2008, n'eyita ekitongole [[:en:Global_Trust_Bank_(Uganda)|Global Trust Bank]], Monday yaweerezaako ng'avunaanyizibwa ku ntambula y'emirimu ow'akaseera nga tannavaayo kwegatta ku BOA-Uganda. Mu 2009, yalondebwa okuweereza ng'avunaanyizibwa ku ntambula y'emirimu mu kitongole ekya BOA-Uganda. Yakakasibwa u kifo ekyo mu Ogwekkuminebiri 2010, ekifo kye yamala ng'akyaliko okutuusa lwe yaleka omulimu mu Ogwokuna 2014. Okuva nga 30 Ogwomukaaga 2014, Monday yakolanga ng'avunaanyizibwa ku ntambula y'emirimu mu kitongole ekya [[:en:Crane_Bank_Rwanda|Crane Bank Rwanda Limited]]. Commercial Bank of Africa (Rwanda) bwe yagula Crane Bank Rwanda, nga 21 Ogwokubiri 2018, Edigold Monday yafuuka avunaanyizibwa ku ntambula y'emirimu bbanka empya. Mu Ogw'omusanvu 2018, CBA Rwanda yalonda [[:en:Lina_Higiro|Lina Mukashyaka Higiro]], [[:en:Rwanda|omunarwanda]] ng'avunaanyizibwa ku kukuuma erinnya ly'ekitongole, mu kifo kya Edigold Monday. == Laba era == * [[:en:List_of_banks_in_Uganda|List of banks in Uganda]] * [[:en:List_of_banks_in_Rwanda|List of banks in Rwanda]] * [[:en:List_of_banks_in_Kenya|List of banks in Kenya]] * [[:en:List_of_banks_in_Africa|List of banks in Africa]] == Ebyawandiikibwa == <references /> == Enkolagana ez'ebweru == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20161021010255/http://www.cranebanklimited.rw/ Website of Cranw Bank Rwanda] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180901105021/http://awfpnairobi2018.com/edigold-monday/ Brief Biography] qww7wk08q36kpmknoull46f2ni9kbfh 0 10219 76236 30129 2026-10-10T09:37:17Z Thomas Eddie Irigei 11996 converted reference 76236 wikitext text/x-wiki     {| class="infobox vcard" |+ class="infobox-title fn org" id="4" |The Environmental Conservation Trust of Uganda | colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" |[[File:Ecotrust_uganda_logo.png|alt=ECOTRUST Logo|300x300px]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Mu bufunze | class="infobox-data nickname" |ECOTRUST |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Entandikwa y'akyo | class="infobox-data note" |1999-07-06 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Ekitebe ekikulu | class="infobox-data" |Ekibanja 1034, Palm Ave, Lubowa Housing Estate, Entebbe Road, Kampala |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Omukulembeze w'akyo | class="infobox-data" |Pauline Nantongo Kalunda |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Website | class="infobox-data" |https://ecotrust.or.ug/ |} '''The Environmental Conservation Trust of Uganda (ECOTRUST)''' kitongole [[:en:Nonprofit_organization|ekitakola magoba]] era eky'obwannakyewa mu [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]]. Kitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku kulwanirira obutonde bwensi n'okwongera omutindo ku [[:en:Biological_diversity|biological diversity]] n'embeera ennungi abantu mwebawangalira ng'abayita mu enkola enyikirwa okukuuma obutonde bw'ensi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=About Us – ECOTRUST |url=https://ecotrust.or.ug/about-us/ |access-date=2026-10-10 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>https://www.povertyandconservation.info/en/org/environmental-conservation-trust-uganda-ecotrust</ref> ECOTRUST ekolera ku nnono y'okutuusa obuyambi n'ensimbi.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.worldlandtrust.org/who-we-are-2/partners/the-environmental-conservation-trust-of-uganda-ecotrust/</ref> == Ebikikwatako == Kyatandikibwawo mu 1999, ECOTRUST kikolera okwetoloola Uganda nga kya siisira mu bitundu bisatu omuli; [[:en:Murchison_Semliki_Landscape|Murchison-Semliki landscape]] my bitundu bya Albertine mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwanjuba bwa Uganda, [[:en:Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park|Queen Elizabeth National Park]] ne ku lusozi lwa [[:en:Mount_Elgon_National_Park|Mount Elgon]] mu Buvanjuba bwa Eastern Uganda. Bino byonna ebifo binanyikiddwa mu nsi yonna ng'ebifo ebisangibwamu embeera z'obutonde ez'enjawulo. Ebifo bino biviraako [[:en:Climate_change|enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde]] obusambatuko nga amataba, okubumbulukuka kwettaka n'enkyukakyuka mu ntabula n'embeera y'obutonde ekiviirako ekyeeya ekitasuubirwa wamu ne sizoni y'enkuba okuwanvuwa. == Abavujirizi n'obuyambi == [[:en:World_Land_Trust|World Land Trust]](WLT) ky'ekimu ku batandikawo ECOTRUST ng'obuyambi buno bwayambako mu kutandikawo Corridor Restoration Fund (CRF) ekyakulembera okukuuma kw'ebibira mu bitundu bya [[:en:Bugoma_Forest|Bugoma]] ne [[:en:Budongo_Forest|Budongo]] mu bitundu bya Murchison mu Buggwanjuba bwa Uganda mu kyatuumibwa Bugoma-Budongo Corridor).<ref>[https://ecotrust.or.ug/blog/#:~:text=ECOTRUST%20with%20funding%20from%20the,the%20Bugoma-Budongo%20Corridor). https://ecotrust.or.ug/blog/#:~:text=ECOTRUST%20with%20funding%20from%20the,the%20Bugoma-Budongo%20Corridor).]</ref> [[:en:United_Nations_Development_Programme|United Nations Development Programme]] (UNDP), [[:en:BRAC_(organisation)|Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee]] (BRAC) ne [[:en:Ministry_of_Water_and_Environment_(Uganda)|Ministry of Water & Environment]] (MWE) bavijurira ECOTRUST wansi wa Pulojekiti eyali erwanirira okuzza ebitoogo wamu n'ebifo awakungaanira amazzi eky'atuumibwa Restoration of Wetlands and Associated Catchments (ADA) Project mu Buvanjuba bwa Uganda. Pulojekiti eno yakolebwa mu Disitulikiti taana naddala eziriraanye enyanja Kyoga; [[:en:Butaleja_District|Butaleja]], [[:en:Budaka_District|Budaka]], [[:en:Kibuku_District|Kibuku]], [[:en:Namutumba_District|Namutumba]], ne [[:en:Kaliro_District|Kaliro]].<ref>https://ecotrust.or.ug/update-restoration-of-wetlands-and-associated-catchments-project-in-eastern-uganda-ada-2021-2023/</ref> == Organizational values == ECOTRUST ebigendererwa ebikulu mulimu '''Embalirira''' era nga kikakata ku buli omuli, eri ekitongole wamu n'abantu bebakola n'abo, '''Obwerufu''' ng'obuwanguzi bw'abwe bwesigamizibwa ku kuzimba bwesigwa, '''Enneyisa ey'ekigunjufu, Obumu''' ne '''Okukolera awamu''' == Laba na bino == [[:en:Ngamba_Island_Chimpanzee_Sanctuary|Ngamba Island Chimpanzee Sanctuary]] == Ebijuliziddwa eby'ebweru wa Wikipediya == [https://ecotrust.or.ug/ ECOTRUST] == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}} *   {{DEFAULTSORT:Environmental Conservation Trust of Uganda (ECOTRUST)}} 6el6jldkzuzz3nvytgs4vq743pde34n 76238 76236 2026-10-10T09:38:10Z Thomas Eddie Irigei 11996 converted reference 76238 wikitext text/x-wiki     {| class="infobox vcard" |+ class="infobox-title fn org" id="4" |The Environmental Conservation Trust of Uganda | colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" |[[File:Ecotrust_uganda_logo.png|alt=ECOTRUST Logo|300x300px]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Mu bufunze | class="infobox-data nickname" |ECOTRUST |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Entandikwa y'akyo | class="infobox-data note" |1999-07-06 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Ekitebe ekikulu | class="infobox-data" |Ekibanja 1034, Palm Ave, Lubowa Housing Estate, Entebbe Road, Kampala |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Omukulembeze w'akyo | class="infobox-data" |Pauline Nantongo Kalunda |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Website | class="infobox-data" |https://ecotrust.or.ug/ |} '''The Environmental Conservation Trust of Uganda (ECOTRUST)''' kitongole [[:en:Nonprofit_organization|ekitakola magoba]] era eky'obwannakyewa mu [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]]. Kitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku kulwanirira obutonde bwensi n'okwongera omutindo ku [[:en:Biological_diversity|biological diversity]] n'embeera ennungi abantu mwebawangalira ng'abayita mu enkola enyikirwa okukuuma obutonde bw'ensi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=About Us – ECOTRUST |url=https://ecotrust.or.ug/about-us/ |access-date=2026-10-10 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>https://www.povertyandconservation.info/en/org/environmental-conservation-trust-uganda-ecotrust</ref> ECOTRUST ekolera ku nnono y'okutuusa obuyambi n'ensimbi.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-02 |title=ECOTRUST |url=https://www.worldlandtrust.org/partner/the-environmental-conservation-trust-of-uganda-ecotrust/ |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=World Land Trust |language=en}}</ref> == Ebikikwatako == Kyatandikibwawo mu 1999, ECOTRUST kikolera okwetoloola Uganda nga kya siisira mu bitundu bisatu omuli; [[:en:Murchison_Semliki_Landscape|Murchison-Semliki landscape]] my bitundu bya Albertine mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwanjuba bwa Uganda, [[:en:Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park|Queen Elizabeth National Park]] ne ku lusozi lwa [[:en:Mount_Elgon_National_Park|Mount Elgon]] mu Buvanjuba bwa Eastern Uganda. Bino byonna ebifo binanyikiddwa mu nsi yonna ng'ebifo ebisangibwamu embeera z'obutonde ez'enjawulo. Ebifo bino biviraako [[:en:Climate_change|enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde]] obusambatuko nga amataba, okubumbulukuka kwettaka n'enkyukakyuka mu ntabula n'embeera y'obutonde ekiviirako ekyeeya ekitasuubirwa wamu ne sizoni y'enkuba okuwanvuwa. == Abavujirizi n'obuyambi == [[:en:World_Land_Trust|World Land Trust]](WLT) ky'ekimu ku batandikawo ECOTRUST ng'obuyambi buno bwayambako mu kutandikawo Corridor Restoration Fund (CRF) ekyakulembera okukuuma kw'ebibira mu bitundu bya [[:en:Bugoma_Forest|Bugoma]] ne [[:en:Budongo_Forest|Budongo]] mu bitundu bya Murchison mu Buggwanjuba bwa Uganda mu kyatuumibwa Bugoma-Budongo Corridor).<ref>[https://ecotrust.or.ug/blog/#:~:text=ECOTRUST%20with%20funding%20from%20the,the%20Bugoma-Budongo%20Corridor). https://ecotrust.or.ug/blog/#:~:text=ECOTRUST%20with%20funding%20from%20the,the%20Bugoma-Budongo%20Corridor).]</ref> [[:en:United_Nations_Development_Programme|United Nations Development Programme]] (UNDP), [[:en:BRAC_(organisation)|Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee]] (BRAC) ne [[:en:Ministry_of_Water_and_Environment_(Uganda)|Ministry of Water & Environment]] (MWE) bavijurira ECOTRUST wansi wa Pulojekiti eyali erwanirira okuzza ebitoogo wamu n'ebifo awakungaanira amazzi eky'atuumibwa Restoration of Wetlands and Associated Catchments (ADA) Project mu Buvanjuba bwa Uganda. Pulojekiti eno yakolebwa mu Disitulikiti taana naddala eziriraanye enyanja Kyoga; [[:en:Butaleja_District|Butaleja]], [[:en:Budaka_District|Budaka]], [[:en:Kibuku_District|Kibuku]], [[:en:Namutumba_District|Namutumba]], ne [[:en:Kaliro_District|Kaliro]].<ref>https://ecotrust.or.ug/update-restoration-of-wetlands-and-associated-catchments-project-in-eastern-uganda-ada-2021-2023/</ref> == Organizational values == ECOTRUST ebigendererwa ebikulu mulimu '''Embalirira''' era nga kikakata ku buli omuli, eri ekitongole wamu n'abantu bebakola n'abo, '''Obwerufu''' ng'obuwanguzi bw'abwe bwesigamizibwa ku kuzimba bwesigwa, '''Enneyisa ey'ekigunjufu, Obumu''' ne '''Okukolera awamu''' == Laba na bino == [[:en:Ngamba_Island_Chimpanzee_Sanctuary|Ngamba Island Chimpanzee Sanctuary]] == Ebijuliziddwa eby'ebweru wa Wikipediya == [https://ecotrust.or.ug/ ECOTRUST] == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}} *   {{DEFAULTSORT:Environmental Conservation Trust of Uganda (ECOTRUST)}} goy7f9ytqaxb3ygnofgyydhlqm8wadp 76239 76238 2026-10-10T09:39:02Z Thomas Eddie Irigei 11996 converted reference 76239 wikitext text/x-wiki     {| class="infobox vcard" |+ class="infobox-title fn org" id="4" |The Environmental Conservation Trust of Uganda | colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" |[[File:Ecotrust_uganda_logo.png|alt=ECOTRUST Logo|300x300px]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Mu bufunze | class="infobox-data nickname" |ECOTRUST |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Entandikwa y'akyo | class="infobox-data note" |1999-07-06 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Ekitebe ekikulu | class="infobox-data" |Ekibanja 1034, Palm Ave, Lubowa Housing Estate, Entebbe Road, Kampala |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Omukulembeze w'akyo | class="infobox-data" |Pauline Nantongo Kalunda |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Website | class="infobox-data" |https://ecotrust.or.ug/ |} '''The Environmental Conservation Trust of Uganda (ECOTRUST)''' kitongole [[:en:Nonprofit_organization|ekitakola magoba]] era eky'obwannakyewa mu [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]]. Kitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku kulwanirira obutonde bwensi n'okwongera omutindo ku [[:en:Biological_diversity|biological diversity]] n'embeera ennungi abantu mwebawangalira ng'abayita mu enkola enyikirwa okukuuma obutonde bw'ensi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=About Us – ECOTRUST |url=https://ecotrust.or.ug/about-us/ |access-date=2026-10-10 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>https://www.povertyandconservation.info/en/org/environmental-conservation-trust-uganda-ecotrust</ref> ECOTRUST ekolera ku nnono y'okutuusa obuyambi n'ensimbi.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-02 |title=ECOTRUST |url=https://www.worldlandtrust.org/partner/the-environmental-conservation-trust-of-uganda-ecotrust/ |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=World Land Trust |language=en}}</ref> == Ebikikwatako == Kyatandikibwawo mu 1999, ECOTRUST kikolera okwetoloola Uganda nga kya siisira mu bitundu bisatu omuli; [[:en:Murchison_Semliki_Landscape|Murchison-Semliki landscape]] my bitundu bya Albertine mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwanjuba bwa Uganda, [[:en:Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park|Queen Elizabeth National Park]] ne ku lusozi lwa [[:en:Mount_Elgon_National_Park|Mount Elgon]] mu Buvanjuba bwa Eastern Uganda. Bino byonna ebifo binanyikiddwa mu nsi yonna ng'ebifo ebisangibwamu embeera z'obutonde ez'enjawulo. Ebifo bino biviraako [[:en:Climate_change|enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde]] obusambatuko nga amataba, okubumbulukuka kwettaka n'enkyukakyuka mu ntabula n'embeera y'obutonde ekiviirako ekyeeya ekitasuubirwa wamu ne sizoni y'enkuba okuwanvuwa. == Abavujirizi n'obuyambi == [[:en:World_Land_Trust|World Land Trust]](WLT) ky'ekimu ku batandikawo ECOTRUST ng'obuyambi buno bwayambako mu kutandikawo Corridor Restoration Fund (CRF) ekyakulembera okukuuma kw'ebibira mu bitundu bya [[:en:Bugoma_Forest|Bugoma]] ne [[:en:Budongo_Forest|Budongo]] mu bitundu bya Murchison mu Buggwanjuba bwa Uganda mu kyatuumibwa Bugoma-Budongo Corridor).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-22 |title=Blog – ECOTRUST |url=https://ecotrust.or.ug/blog/#:~:text=ECOTRUST%20with%20funding%20from%20the,the%20Bugoma-Budongo%20Corridor). |access-date=2026-10-10 |language=en-US}}</ref> [[:en:United_Nations_Development_Programme|United Nations Development Programme]] (UNDP), [[:en:BRAC_(organisation)|Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee]] (BRAC) ne [[:en:Ministry_of_Water_and_Environment_(Uganda)|Ministry of Water & Environment]] (MWE) bavijurira ECOTRUST wansi wa Pulojekiti eyali erwanirira okuzza ebitoogo wamu n'ebifo awakungaanira amazzi eky'atuumibwa Restoration of Wetlands and Associated Catchments (ADA) Project mu Buvanjuba bwa Uganda. Pulojekiti eno yakolebwa mu Disitulikiti taana naddala eziriraanye enyanja Kyoga; [[:en:Butaleja_District|Butaleja]], [[:en:Budaka_District|Budaka]], [[:en:Kibuku_District|Kibuku]], [[:en:Namutumba_District|Namutumba]], ne [[:en:Kaliro_District|Kaliro]].<ref>https://ecotrust.or.ug/update-restoration-of-wetlands-and-associated-catchments-project-in-eastern-uganda-ada-2021-2023/</ref> == Organizational values == ECOTRUST ebigendererwa ebikulu mulimu '''Embalirira''' era nga kikakata ku buli omuli, eri ekitongole wamu n'abantu bebakola n'abo, '''Obwerufu''' ng'obuwanguzi bw'abwe bwesigamizibwa ku kuzimba bwesigwa, '''Enneyisa ey'ekigunjufu, Obumu''' ne '''Okukolera awamu''' == Laba na bino == [[:en:Ngamba_Island_Chimpanzee_Sanctuary|Ngamba Island Chimpanzee Sanctuary]] == Ebijuliziddwa eby'ebweru wa Wikipediya == [https://ecotrust.or.ug/ ECOTRUST] == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}} *   {{DEFAULTSORT:Environmental Conservation Trust of Uganda (ECOTRUST)}} nvgivat4n35thbdcgyo1980cp9vqhq6 76240 76239 2026-10-10T09:40:18Z Thomas Eddie Irigei 11996 removed un necessary bolding 76240 wikitext text/x-wiki     {| class="infobox vcard" |+ class="infobox-title fn org" id="4" |The Environmental Conservation Trust of Uganda | colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" |[[File:Ecotrust_uganda_logo.png|alt=ECOTRUST Logo|300x300px]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Mu bufunze | class="infobox-data nickname" |ECOTRUST |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Entandikwa y'akyo | class="infobox-data note" |1999-07-06 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Ekitebe ekikulu | class="infobox-data" |Ekibanja 1034, Palm Ave, Lubowa Housing Estate, Entebbe Road, Kampala |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Omukulembeze w'akyo | class="infobox-data" |Pauline Nantongo Kalunda |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Website | class="infobox-data" |<nowiki>https://ecotrust.or.ug/</nowiki> |} '''The Environmental Conservation Trust of Uganda (ECOTRUST)''' kitongole [[:en:Nonprofit_organization|ekitakola magoba]] era eky'obwannakyewa mu [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]]. Kitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku kulwanirira obutonde bwensi n'okwongera omutindo ku [[:en:Biological_diversity|biological diversity]] n'embeera ennungi abantu mwebawangalira ng'abayita mu enkola enyikirwa okukuuma obutonde bw'ensi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=About Us – ECOTRUST |url=https://ecotrust.or.ug/about-us/ |access-date=2026-10-10 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>https://www.povertyandconservation.info/en/org/environmental-conservation-trust-uganda-ecotrust</ref> ECOTRUST ekolera ku nnono y'okutuusa obuyambi n'ensimbi.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-02 |title=ECOTRUST |url=https://www.worldlandtrust.org/partner/the-environmental-conservation-trust-of-uganda-ecotrust/ |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=World Land Trust |language=en}}</ref> == Ebikikwatako == Kyatandikibwawo mu 1999, ECOTRUST kikolera okwetoloola Uganda nga kya siisira mu bitundu bisatu omuli; [[:en:Murchison_Semliki_Landscape|Murchison-Semliki landscape]] my bitundu bya Albertine mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwanjuba bwa Uganda, [[:en:Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park|Queen Elizabeth National Park]] ne ku lusozi lwa [[:en:Mount_Elgon_National_Park|Mount Elgon]] mu Buvanjuba bwa Eastern Uganda. Bino byonna ebifo binanyikiddwa mu nsi yonna ng'ebifo ebisangibwamu embeera z'obutonde ez'enjawulo. Ebifo bino biviraako [[:en:Climate_change|enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde]] obusambatuko nga amataba, okubumbulukuka kwettaka n'enkyukakyuka mu ntabula n'embeera y'obutonde ekiviirako ekyeeya ekitasuubirwa wamu ne sizoni y'enkuba okuwanvuwa. == Abavujirizi n'obuyambi == [[:en:World_Land_Trust|World Land Trust]](WLT) ky'ekimu ku batandikawo ECOTRUST ng'obuyambi buno bwayambako mu kutandikawo Corridor Restoration Fund (CRF) ekyakulembera okukuuma kw'ebibira mu bitundu bya [[:en:Bugoma_Forest|Bugoma]] ne [[:en:Budongo_Forest|Budongo]] mu bitundu bya Murchison mu Buggwanjuba bwa Uganda mu kyatuumibwa Bugoma-Budongo Corridor).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-22 |title=Blog – ECOTRUST |url=https://ecotrust.or.ug/blog/#:~:text=ECOTRUST%20with%20funding%20from%20the,the%20Bugoma-Budongo%20Corridor). |access-date=2026-10-10 |language=en-US}}</ref> [[:en:United_Nations_Development_Programme|United Nations Development Programme]] (UNDP), [[:en:BRAC_(organisation)|Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee]] (BRAC) ne [[:en:Ministry_of_Water_and_Environment_(Uganda)|Ministry of Water & Environment]] (MWE) bavijurira ECOTRUST wansi wa Pulojekiti eyali erwanirira okuzza ebitoogo wamu n'ebifo awakungaanira amazzi eky'atuumibwa Restoration of Wetlands and Associated Catchments (ADA) Project mu Buvanjuba bwa Uganda. Pulojekiti eno yakolebwa mu Disitulikiti taana naddala eziriraanye enyanja Kyoga; [[:en:Butaleja_District|Butaleja]], [[:en:Budaka_District|Budaka]], [[:en:Kibuku_District|Kibuku]], [[:en:Namutumba_District|Namutumba]], ne [[:en:Kaliro_District|Kaliro]].<ref>https://ecotrust.or.ug/update-restoration-of-wetlands-and-associated-catchments-project-in-eastern-uganda-ada-2021-2023/</ref> == Organizational values == ECOTRUST ebigendererwa ebikulu mulimu '''Embalirira''' era nga kikakata ku buli omuli, eri ekitongole wamu n'abantu bebakola n'abo, '''Obwerufu''' ng'obuwanguzi bw'abwe bwesigamizibwa ku kuzimba bwesigwa, '''Enneyisa ey'ekigunjufu, Obumu''' ne '''Okukolera awamu''' == Laba na bino == [[:en:Ngamba_Island_Chimpanzee_Sanctuary|Ngamba Island Chimpanzee Sanctuary]] == Ebijuliziddwa eby'ebweru wa Wikipediya == [https://ecotrust.or.ug/ ECOTRUST] == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}} *   {{DEFAULTSORT:Environmental Conservation Trust of Uganda (ECOTRUST)}} 5osfx9ehwi2yc9wlou8omh7xnxq8g9q 76241 76240 2026-10-10T09:41:02Z Thomas Eddie Irigei 11996 removed un necessary bolding 76241 wikitext text/x-wiki     {| class="infobox vcard" |+ class="infobox-title fn org" id="4" |The Environmental Conservation Trust of Uganda | colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" |[[File:Ecotrust_uganda_logo.png|alt=ECOTRUST Logo|300x300px]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Mu bufunze | class="infobox-data nickname" |ECOTRUST |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Entandikwa y'akyo | class="infobox-data note" |1999-07-06 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Ekitebe ekikulu | class="infobox-data" |Ekibanja 1034, Palm Ave, Lubowa Housing Estate, Entebbe Road, Kampala |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Omukulembeze w'akyo | class="infobox-data" |Pauline Nantongo Kalunda |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Website | class="infobox-data" |<nowiki>https://ecotrust.or.ug/</nowiki> |} '''The Environmental Conservation Trust of Uganda (ECOTRUST)''' kitongole [[:en:Nonprofit_organization|ekitakola magoba]] era eky'obwannakyewa mu [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]]. Kitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku kulwanirira obutonde bwensi n'okwongera omutindo ku [[:en:Biological_diversity|biological diversity]] n'embeera ennungi abantu mwebawangalira ng'abayita mu enkola enyikirwa okukuuma obutonde bw'ensi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=About Us – ECOTRUST |url=https://ecotrust.or.ug/about-us/ |access-date=2026-10-10 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>https://www.povertyandconservation.info/en/org/environmental-conservation-trust-uganda-ecotrust</ref> ECOTRUST ekolera ku nnono y'okutuusa obuyambi n'ensimbi.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-02 |title=ECOTRUST |url=https://www.worldlandtrust.org/partner/the-environmental-conservation-trust-of-uganda-ecotrust/ |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=World Land Trust |language=en}}</ref> == Ebikikwatako == Kyatandikibwawo mu 1999, ECOTRUST kikolera okwetoloola Uganda nga kya siisira mu bitundu bisatu omuli; [[:en:Murchison_Semliki_Landscape|Murchison-Semliki landscape]] my bitundu bya Albertine mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwanjuba bwa Uganda, [[:en:Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park|Queen Elizabeth National Park]] ne ku lusozi lwa [[:en:Mount_Elgon_National_Park|Mount Elgon]] mu Buvanjuba bwa Eastern Uganda. Bino byonna ebifo binanyikiddwa mu nsi yonna ng'ebifo ebisangibwamu embeera z'obutonde ez'enjawulo. Ebifo bino biviraako [[:en:Climate_change|enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde]] obusambatuko nga amataba, okubumbulukuka kwettaka n'enkyukakyuka mu ntabula n'embeera y'obutonde ekiviirako ekyeeya ekitasuubirwa wamu ne sizoni y'enkuba okuwanvuwa. == Abavujirizi n'obuyambi == [[:en:World_Land_Trust|World Land Trust]](WLT) ky'ekimu ku batandikawo ECOTRUST ng'obuyambi buno bwayambako mu kutandikawo Corridor Restoration Fund (CRF) ekyakulembera okukuuma kw'ebibira mu bitundu bya [[:en:Bugoma_Forest|Bugoma]] ne [[:en:Budongo_Forest|Budongo]] mu bitundu bya Murchison mu Buggwanjuba bwa Uganda mu kyatuumibwa Bugoma-Budongo Corridor).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-22 |title=Blog – ECOTRUST |url=https://ecotrust.or.ug/blog/#:~:text=ECOTRUST%20with%20funding%20from%20the,the%20Bugoma-Budongo%20Corridor). |access-date=2026-10-10 |language=en-US}}</ref> [[:en:United_Nations_Development_Programme|United Nations Development Programme]] (UNDP), [[:en:BRAC_(organisation)|Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee]] (BRAC) ne [[:en:Ministry_of_Water_and_Environment_(Uganda)|Ministry of Water & Environment]] (MWE) bavijurira ECOTRUST wansi wa Pulojekiti eyali erwanirira okuzza ebitoogo wamu n'ebifo awakungaanira amazzi eky'atuumibwa Restoration of Wetlands and Associated Catchments (ADA) Project mu Buvanjuba bwa Uganda. Pulojekiti eno yakolebwa mu Disitulikiti taana naddala eziriraanye enyanja Kyoga; [[:en:Butaleja_District|Butaleja]], [[:en:Budaka_District|Budaka]], [[:en:Kibuku_District|Kibuku]], [[:en:Namutumba_District|Namutumba]], ne [[:en:Kaliro_District|Kaliro]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-05 |title=Update: Restoration of Wetlands and Associated Catchments Project in Eastern Uganda – ADA (2021 – 2023) – ECOTRUST |url=https://ecotrust.or.ug/update-restoration-of-wetlands-and-associated-catchments-project-in-eastern-uganda-ada-2021-2023/ |access-date=2026-10-10 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Organizational values == ECOTRUST ebigendererwa ebikulu mulimu '''Embalirira''' era nga kikakata ku buli omuli, eri ekitongole wamu n'abantu bebakola n'abo, '''Obwerufu''' ng'obuwanguzi bw'abwe bwesigamizibwa ku kuzimba bwesigwa, '''Enneyisa ey'ekigunjufu, Obumu''' ne '''Okukolera awamu''' == Laba na bino == [[:en:Ngamba_Island_Chimpanzee_Sanctuary|Ngamba Island Chimpanzee Sanctuary]] == Ebijuliziddwa eby'ebweru wa Wikipediya == [https://ecotrust.or.ug/ ECOTRUST] == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}} *   {{DEFAULTSORT:Environmental Conservation Trust of Uganda (ECOTRUST)}} b1mk893vvsdlll07s7rw6zxihpd9y3h 76242 76241 2026-10-10T09:41:56Z Thomas Eddie Irigei 11996 removed external link 76242 wikitext text/x-wiki     {| class="infobox vcard" |+ class="infobox-title fn org" id="4" |The Environmental Conservation Trust of Uganda | colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" |[[File:Ecotrust_uganda_logo.png|alt=ECOTRUST Logo|300x300px]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Mu bufunze | class="infobox-data nickname" |ECOTRUST |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Entandikwa y'akyo | class="infobox-data note" |1999-07-06 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Ekitebe ekikulu | class="infobox-data" |Ekibanja 1034, Palm Ave, Lubowa Housing Estate, Entebbe Road, Kampala |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Omukulembeze w'akyo | class="infobox-data" |Pauline Nantongo Kalunda |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="padding-right:0.6em;" |Website | class="infobox-data" |<nowiki>https://ecotrust.or.ug/</nowiki> |} '''The Environmental Conservation Trust of Uganda (ECOTRUST)''' kitongole [[:en:Nonprofit_organization|ekitakola magoba]] era eky'obwannakyewa mu [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]]. Kitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku kulwanirira obutonde bwensi n'okwongera omutindo ku [[:en:Biological_diversity|biological diversity]] n'embeera ennungi abantu mwebawangalira ng'abayita mu enkola enyikirwa okukuuma obutonde bw'ensi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=About Us – ECOTRUST |url=https://ecotrust.or.ug/about-us/ |access-date=2026-10-10 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>https://www.povertyandconservation.info/en/org/environmental-conservation-trust-uganda-ecotrust</ref> ECOTRUST ekolera ku nnono y'okutuusa obuyambi n'ensimbi.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-02 |title=ECOTRUST |url=https://www.worldlandtrust.org/partner/the-environmental-conservation-trust-of-uganda-ecotrust/ |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=World Land Trust |language=en}}</ref> == Ebikikwatako == Kyatandikibwawo mu 1999, ECOTRUST kikolera okwetoloola Uganda nga kya siisira mu bitundu bisatu omuli; [[:en:Murchison_Semliki_Landscape|Murchison-Semliki landscape]] my bitundu bya Albertine mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwanjuba bwa Uganda, [[:en:Queen_Elizabeth_National_Park|Queen Elizabeth National Park]] ne ku lusozi lwa [[:en:Mount_Elgon_National_Park|Mount Elgon]] mu Buvanjuba bwa Eastern Uganda. Bino byonna ebifo binanyikiddwa mu nsi yonna ng'ebifo ebisangibwamu embeera z'obutonde ez'enjawulo. Ebifo bino biviraako [[:en:Climate_change|enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde]] obusambatuko nga amataba, okubumbulukuka kwettaka n'enkyukakyuka mu ntabula n'embeera y'obutonde ekiviirako ekyeeya ekitasuubirwa wamu ne sizoni y'enkuba okuwanvuwa. == Abavujirizi n'obuyambi == [[:en:World_Land_Trust|World Land Trust]](WLT) ky'ekimu ku batandikawo ECOTRUST ng'obuyambi buno bwayambako mu kutandikawo Corridor Restoration Fund (CRF) ekyakulembera okukuuma kw'ebibira mu bitundu bya [[:en:Bugoma_Forest|Bugoma]] ne [[:en:Budongo_Forest|Budongo]] mu bitundu bya Murchison mu Buggwanjuba bwa Uganda mu kyatuumibwa Bugoma-Budongo Corridor).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-08-22 |title=Blog – ECOTRUST |url=https://ecotrust.or.ug/blog/#:~:text=ECOTRUST%20with%20funding%20from%20the,the%20Bugoma-Budongo%20Corridor). |access-date=2026-10-10 |language=en-US}}</ref> [[:en:United_Nations_Development_Programme|United Nations Development Programme]] (UNDP), [[:en:BRAC_(organisation)|Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee]] (BRAC) ne [[:en:Ministry_of_Water_and_Environment_(Uganda)|Ministry of Water & Environment]] (MWE) bavijurira ECOTRUST wansi wa Pulojekiti eyali erwanirira okuzza ebitoogo wamu n'ebifo awakungaanira amazzi eky'atuumibwa Restoration of Wetlands and Associated Catchments (ADA) Project mu Buvanjuba bwa Uganda. Pulojekiti eno yakolebwa mu Disitulikiti taana naddala eziriraanye enyanja Kyoga; [[:en:Butaleja_District|Butaleja]], [[:en:Budaka_District|Budaka]], [[:en:Kibuku_District|Kibuku]], [[:en:Namutumba_District|Namutumba]], ne [[:en:Kaliro_District|Kaliro]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-05 |title=Update: Restoration of Wetlands and Associated Catchments Project in Eastern Uganda – ADA (2021 – 2023) – ECOTRUST |url=https://ecotrust.or.ug/update-restoration-of-wetlands-and-associated-catchments-project-in-eastern-uganda-ada-2021-2023/ |access-date=2026-10-10 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Organizational values == ECOTRUST ebigendererwa ebikulu mulimu '''Embalirira''' era nga kikakata ku buli omuli, eri ekitongole wamu n'abantu bebakola n'abo, '''Obwerufu''' ng'obuwanguzi bw'abwe bwesigamizibwa ku kuzimba bwesigwa, '''Enneyisa ey'ekigunjufu, Obumu''' ne '''Okukolera awamu''' == Laba na bino == [[:en:Ngamba_Island_Chimpanzee_Sanctuary|Ngamba Island Chimpanzee Sanctuary]] == Ebijuliziddwa eby'ebweru wa Wikipediya == ECOTRUST == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}} *   {{DEFAULTSORT:Environmental Conservation Trust of Uganda (ECOTRUST)}} omvm044pr1oqu2th9v7n9syr38r7wgb 0 10446 76231 76222 2026-10-10T01:21:51Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 76231 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Paparu Lillian Obiale.jpg|thumb|Paparu Lillian Obiale.jpg]]   '''Lillian Obiale Paparu''' yazaalibwa mu 1978, nga munabyabufuzi [[:en:Uganda|Omunayuganda]] awereza nga [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Omubaka wa Paalamenti]], akiikirira [[:en:Arua_District|Disitulikiti ya Arua]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Vision |title=EC declares NRM's Paparu unopposed for Arua Woman MP seat |url=https://www.newvision.co.ugnull/ |access-date=2026-10-09 |website=New Vision}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-10-17 |title=2021 Elections: Six NRM parliamentary candidates go through unopposed |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/2021-elections-six-nrm-parliamentary-candidates-go-through-unopposed/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260831215659/https://www.independent.co.ug/2021-elections-six-nrm-parliamentary-candidates-go-through-unopposed/ |archive-date=2026-08-31 |access-date=2026-10-09 |work=The Independent Uganda: |language=en-US |url-status=live}}</ref> Alina akakwate ku kibiina kya [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) ekyebyobufuzi ng'era y'abakwatira bendera.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2026-10-04 |title=Lillian Obiale Paparu |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lillian_Obiale_Paparu&oldid=1378372645 |language=en}}</ref> Mukulonda kwa NRM okwokusunsula, yavuganya Diana Ayikoru ne Immaculate Bako, oluvannyuma ne yeesimbawo nga tavuganyiziddwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Paparu Lillian Obiale - 2021 General Election - Visible Polls |url=https://visiblepolls.org/ug/2021-general-election/candidates/paparu-lillian-obiale-10134/ |access-date=2026-10-09 |website=visiblepolls.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |date=2026-10-04 |title=Lillian Obiale Paparu |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lillian_Obiale_Paparu&oldid=1378372645 |language=en}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe n'okusoma kwe == Paparu yazaalibwa [[:en:Colonel|Col.]] Nelson ne Evelyn Obiale, nga wakubiri ku baana musanvu. Oluvannyuma lw'omwaka , kitaawe yagenda mubuwangaguse olw'okuba eyali pulezidenti [[:en:Idi_Amin|Idi Amin]] yali agiddwa mu buyinza. Famire oluvannyuma yasenga n'egenda mu buvanjuba bwa [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of Congo]] (DRC).Bweyali awezezza emyaka egigenda [[:en:Education_in_Uganda|okusoma pulayiale]], yakomawo mu Uganda gyeyali abeera ne ssenga we mu muluka gwa Opia mu [[:en:Arua_District|Disitulikiti ya Arua]]. Yasomera ku Opia primary school, ate oluvannyuma ku Ekarakafe primary, gyeyamaliriza P7 mu 1994. Yagenda ku Ediofe Girls [[:en:Secondary_education|somera siniya]], nga gyeyamalira era n'afuna [[:en:Uganda_Advanced_Certificate_of_Education|ebaluwa ya S6]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |date=2026-10-04 |title=Lillian Obiale Paparu |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lillian_Obiale_Paparu&oldid=1378372645 |language=en}}</ref> Yasomera ku [[:en:Makerere_University|Yunivasite ye Makerere]], gyeyafunira [[:en:Bachelor's_degree|Diguli]] mu [[:en:Political_science|byensonga z'ebitundu]] [[:en:Sociology|n'embeera z'abantu]] mu 2002. Yaddamu n'asoma ng'amaliriza Diguli ye n'afuna [[:en:Postgraduate_diploma|Dipulooma mu Busomesa]] mu 2004, ate oluvannyuma [[:en:Master_of_Education|Diguli ey'okububiri mu Busomesa]] mu 2007. == Emirimu gye == Mu 2009, Paparu yeegata ku kibiina ekirwanirira enkulakulana [[:en:Rural_development|y'ebitundu by'Omubyalo]] nga y'avunaanyizibwa ku pulogulaamu ezinaaberawo <ref>{{Cite book |date=2026-10-04 |title=Lillian Obiale Paparu |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lillian_Obiale_Paparu&oldid=1378372645 |language=en}}</ref>ate oluvannyuma nga [[:en:Program_Manager|y'adukanya pulogulaamu]] mu kibiina kino ekya Community Empowerment for Rural Development CEFORD. Yali musomesa ku [[:en:Uganda_Christian_University|Uganda Christian University,]] e [[:en:Mukono_Town|Mukono]], ate oluvannyuma n'asomesa kutabi lya yunivasite eno esinganibwa mu [[:en:Arua|Arua.]] == Obulamu bwe == Papru mukyala mufumbo nga baawe ye Simon Ababo, akola ng'adukanya ebyemirimu mu Disitulikiti ya Arua nga balina abaana babiri.<ref name=":0" /> == Laba ne bino == * [[:en:List_of_members_of_the_eleventh_Parliament_of_Uganda|Olukalala lw'ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda eyekumineemu]] == Ebijuliziddwaamu == {{Reflist|refs=<ref name="down to earth">{{Cite news |last=Drasimaku |first=Richard |date=21 October 2020 |title=Down-To-Earth Paparu To Champion Women Leadership In Arua |work=West Nile News |url=https://www.westniletodaynews.com/down-to-earth-paparu-tochampion-women-leadership-in-arua/ |url-status=dead |access-date=2021-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101075314/https://www.westniletodaynews.com/down-to-earth-paparu-tochampion-women-leadership-in-arua/ |archive-date=2020-11-01}}</ref> <ref name="grass">{{Cite news |last=Odama |first=Joseph |last2=Amvesi |first2=Andrew Cohen |title=From Grass to grace; Paparu's tough road to parliament |language=en-gb |work=West Nile Web |url=https://www.westnileweb.com/special-features/west-nile-made/from-grass-to-grace-paparu-s-tough-road-to-parliament |access-date=2021-03-21 |archive-date=2021-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413041245/https://www.westnileweb.com/special-features/west-nile-made/from-grass-to-grace-paparu-s-tough-road-to-parliament |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="nile post unopposed">{{Cite news |last=Mugisha |first=Crispus |date=17 October 2020 |title=NRM candidate unopposed at the home of NUP Deputy Principal and grass-root mobilizer Dr. Lina Zedriga |work=Nile Post |url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2020/10/17/nrm-candidate-unopposed-at-the-home-of-nup-deputy-principal-and-grass-root-mobilizer-dr-lina-zedriga/ |access-date=2021-03-21}}</ref>}} == Ewalala w'oyinza okubigya == * Lillian Obiale Paparu on Linkedin [[Category:Bannayuganda abasomesa]] [[Category:Abasomesa]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Abaasomera ku Makerere University]] 4wodwfzdeu9qie8eqaoxub1stpylqv9 0 10462 76277 70386 2026-10-10T10:32:34Z Waisman12 12007 76277 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Muheesi Abaho Jenifer.jpg|thumb|Muheesi Abaho Jenifer]] '''Jenifer Abaho Muheesi''' mubaka [[Yuganda|wa Uganda]] akiikirira abakyala mu palamenti mu [[:en:Kazo_District|Disitulikiti y'e Kazo]] wansi w'ekibiina kya [[National Resistance Movement]] (NRM) mu [[Olukalala lw'abakiise b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga olw'ekkumi n'olumu olw'e Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi n'emu]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Swearing-in of MPs: Check out the final day in 72 pictures |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/103164 |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=130 MPs set to be sworn-in on Wednesday |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/102890 |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Swearing-in of MPs: Check out the final day in 72 pictures |url=https://www.bukedde.co.ug/articledetails/103234 |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=Bukedde |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-18 |title=List: Who was Elected MP in Uganda |url=https://trumpetnews.co.ug/list-who-was-elected-mp-in-uganda/ |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=Trumpet News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |year=2021 |title=MEMBERS OF THE 11TH PARLIAMENT (2021-2026) |url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/sites/default/files/MEMBERS%20OF%20THE%2011TH%20PARLIAMENT%20%282021-2026%29%20.pdf |publisher=Parliament of the republic of Uganda |location=Uganda |pages=11}}</ref> == Ebyafaayo == Jenifer yafuna Uganda certificate of Education okuva e Kibura Girls Secondary School.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jennifer Rwaburibate Muheesi, Aspiring Woman MP 2021-2026, Kazo District |url=http://www.ugandadecides.com/aspirant.php?profile=385 |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=www.ugandadecides.com |language=en}}</ref> == Obukuubagano == Eyali Minisita omubeezi Ow’eggwanga avunaanyizibwa ku kulondoola ebyenfuna, Molly Kamukama.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-25 |title=Peter Ogwang assumes office as State Minister for Economic Monitoring |url=http://nilepost.co.ug/2021/06/25/peter-ogwang-assumes-office-as-state-minister-for-economic-monitoring/ |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=Nile Post |language=en-US}}</ref> yawaaba omusango ng’alemesa okusunsulwa kwa Jennifer Muheesi ku bwa NRM okukwatira bendera ku kifo ky’omubaka omukyala mu disitulikiti y’e Kazo. Ekyo kyagobwa kooti enkulu e Mbarara ku bigambibwa nti okulonda kw'akamyuufu aka [[National Resistance Movement]] kwayonoonebwa awataali bwenkanya oluvannyuma lwa Molly okuwangulwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-14 |title=Museveni's ex PPS Kamukama rejected by court, and NRM CEC |url=http://nilepost.co.ug/2020/10/14/musevenis-ex-pps-kamukama-rejected-by-court-and-nrm-cec/ |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=Nile Post |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Independent |date=2020-10-08 |title=High court dismisses minister Kamukama's petition blocking nomination of NRM flag bearer |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/high-court-dismisses-minister-kamukamas-petition-blocking-nomination-of-nrm-flag-bearer/ |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-11 |title=Minister Kamukama Narrowly Loses in Kazo NRM Primaries |url=https://chimpreports.com/minister-kamukama-narrowly-loses-in-kazo-nrm-primaries/ |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=ChimpReports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ministers, Rukutana, Elioda, Kamukama, deny bowing out of race |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1531838 |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=New Vision |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Mulengera |date=6 October 2020 |title=MINISTER KAMUKAMA SEEKS COURT ORDER TO BLOCK OPPONENT MUHEESI'S NOMINATION – mulengeranews.com |url=https://mulengeranews.com/minister-kamukama-seeks-court-order-to-block-opponent-muheesis-nomination/ |access-date=2022-03-23 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-12 |title=NRM Polls: Molly Kamukama Stings Odoi Over 'Wrong' Results - |url=https://redpepper.co.ug/2020/09/nrm-polls-molly-kamukama-stings-odoi-over-wrong-results/ |access-date=2022-03-23 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebikwatagana nabyo == # Omukutu gwa Palamenti ya Uganda # [[Olukalala lw'abakiise b'olukiiko lw'eggwanga olw'ekkumi n'olumu olw'e Uganda|Olukalala lw’abakiise mu Palamenti ya Uganda ey’ekkumi n’emu]] == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Ababaka ba Paalamenti ya Uganda ey'ekkumi n'emu]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda]] 84n20xc28x3y0dk6e7ncnalxmecbaih 0 10495 76252 68496 2026-10-10T09:59:44Z Thomas Eddie Irigei 11996 replaced link 76252 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Mildred Kiconco Barya''' muwandiisi era omutontomi okuva mu [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]].<ref name="mo-nit-or">{{Cite web |date=2021-01-05 |title=Poets sip from Kiconco’s chalice |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/poets-sip-from-kiconco-s-chalice-1505828 |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref>Yaweebwa ekirabo kya 2008 ekya Pan African Literary Forum Prize for Africana Fiction,ng<nowiki>'era mu kusooka yasimibwa olw'emirimu gye egy'okubeera omutontomi, nadala okusinga muz eyasooka ez'emirundi ebbiri, okwali eyitibwa, ''</nowiki>''Men Love Chocolates But They Don<nowiki>'t Say''</nowiki>'' eyali eya 2002, wamu n<nowiki>'eya 2006 eyitibwa, ''</nowiki>''The Price of Memory: After the Tsunami<nowiki>''</nowiki>''.<ref name="barya-bio">http://mildredbarya.com/?page_id=2</ref><ref name="palf">{{Cite web |url=http://www.panafricanliteraryforum.org/contest.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-04-02 |archive-date=2008-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505000711/http://panafricanliteraryforum.org/contest.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Barya yakolako nga munamawulire era eyali awandiika ng'agenze okutambula mungendo empaanvu. Okuva mu Gwomunaana mu 2007 okutuuka mu Gwomunaana mu 2009, yali awereza omuwandiisi omukugu mu kitongole kya [[:en:TrustAfrica|TrustAfrica]], ekitongole ekigata abantu mu Afrika nga kisinziira mu kibuga [[:en:Dakar|Dakar]] mu ggwanga lya Senegal. Yatikirwa okuva mu pulogulaamu ya MFA ku [[:en:Syracuse_University|Yunivasite ya Syracuse]], mu New York mu 2012, Diguli ey'okusatu mu kuwandiika nga obigye mundowooza okuva ku [[:en:University_of_Denver|Yunivasite ya Denver]] mu 2016. Yali omu kubaali mu kibiina ekigata abawandiisi nga babigya mubirowoozo [[:en:Alabama_School_of_Fine_Arts|kutendekero erisomesa okusiiga ebifanannyi mu Alabama]].<ref name="ASFA">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.asfa.k12.al.us/index.cfm?event=faculty.view&id=145 |access-date=2024-04-02 |archive-date=2013-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130227214521/http://www.asfa.k12.al.us/index.cfm?event=faculty.view&id=145 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [http://mildredbarya.com/about/]<ref name="mo-nit-or" /> Yabeerako era n'akolerako e Girimaani, [[:en:Botswana|Botswana]], [[:en:Kenya|Kenya]] wamu nemu Uganda. Nga ogyeko omulimu gwe ogw'okubeera omuwandiisi, Barya yakolako nga omuwi w'amagezi ku avunaanyizibwa ku nsonga z'abakozi muba [[:en:Ernst_&_Young|Ernst & Young]] abasinganibwa mu Uganda,<ref name="trust-africa">http://www.trustafrica.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=123&Itemid=103&lang=en</ref><ref name="barya-cb10">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://radiophonics.britishcouncil.org/magazine/issueten/ |access-date=2024-04-02 |archive-date=2008-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906111407/http://radiophonics.britishcouncil.org/magazine/issueten/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="bayra-pr">http://mildredbarya.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/06/press-release.pdf</ref> nga ensangi zino asomesa kuwandiika nga obigya mu birowoozo era nga y'omu ku bali mutendekero erya [[:en:University_of_North_Carolina_at_Asheville|Yunivasite ya North Carolina mu Asheville]].<ref>https://english.unca.edu/faces/mildred-barya</ref> Barya y'omu kubaatandikawo<ref name="pambazuka-news">http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/books/75591</ref> ng'era awereza ku kakiiko akawi k'amagezi mu kibiina ky'abawandiisi ekya [[:en:African_Writers_Trust|African Writers Trust]],<ref name="AWT-board">http://www.africanwriterstrust.org/advisory-board</ref> " ekibiina ekyatondebwa okutakola magoba, wabula okukungaanya n'okukwanaganya abawandiisi okuva mu Afrika nga bali mu bifo okwetoloola ensi yonna wamu n'abawandiisi abali ku semazinga, okutumbuula okugabana obukodyo, wamu n'ebikozesebwa ebirala, n'okubiriza enkulakulana y'amagezi, wamu n'okuyigirizibwa wakati w'ebibiina byombi."<ref name="AWT">http://www.africanwriterstrust.org/</ref> == Okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa mu [[:en:Kabale_District|Disitulikiti ye Kabale]] mu bukiikakkono bwabugwanjuba bwa Uganda, Barya yasomera ku Mwisi Primary School wamu ne [[:en:Kigezi_High_School|Kigezi High School.]]Mu 1996, yaweebwa basale enzijuvu nga gavumenti yeeyali agenda okumusasulira ebisale byonna ku [[:en:Makerere_University|Yunivasite y'e Makerere]] mu Uganda. Yatikirwa mu 1999 nene Diguli mu By'enjigiriza mu bikwatagana mu biwandiike. Yeegata ku [[:en:FEMRITE|kibiina ekigatta abakyala abawandiisi]] bweyali ku yunivasite, ng'eno yakerelayo bukubirire ng'ali ne [[:en:Goretti_Kyomuhendo|Goretti Kyomuhendo,]] eyali omukwanaganya wa pulogulaamu, wamu ne [[:en:Violet_Barungi|Violet Barungi]] eyali omusunsunzi w'ekibiina kino, ekya FEMRITE.<ref name="barya-cb10" /><ref name="AfroLit-MN-MB">http://afrolit.com/ugandan-writers-meet-mildred-barya-kiconco/335/l.aspx</ref><ref name="AfricanWriter-Caples">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.africanwriter.com/articles/508/1/I-try-to-highlight-social-issues-affecting-women---Violet-Barungi/Page1.html |access-date=2024-04-02 |archive-date=2011-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927005003/http://www.africanwriter.com/articles/508/1/I-try-to-highlight-social-issues-affecting-women---Violet-Barungi/Page1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu 2000, Barya yasoma koosi ya satifikeeti mu by'obubaka, eby'empuliziganya wamu n'okumannya engeri bizineensi oba ebitongole kyebitandika okukolamu ku mutendera ogwe'ensi yonna, nga yagisomera ku International Women's University mu Vifu, mu kibuga [[:en:Hamburg|Hamburg]] e Girimaani. Mu 2002, yasomera eby'okubeera nga wenyigira mu by'okusunsula ebiwandiike wamu n'okudukanya eneeyisa n'embeera y'abantu okuva ku [[:en:Moi_University|Yunivasite y'e Moi]] esinganibwa mu [[:en:Eldoret|Eldoret]] mu ggwanga lye Kenya. Okuva mu 2002 okutuuka mu 2004, yaddamu okwegata ku Yunivasite y'e Makerere okufuna Diguli ey'okubiri mungeri abantu gyebeeyisaamu mu bitongole.<ref name="barya-cb10" /><ref name="bayra-pr" /> Mu 2006 okutuuka mu 2007, Barya In 2006–2007, Barya yalina eky'okubeera omuwandiisi omukugu bweyali mu Per Sesh Writing Program mu Popenguine ekisinganibwa e Senegal, wansi w'amateeka aga [[:en:Ayi_Kwei_Armah|Ayi Kwei Armah]].<ref name="barya-bio" /> == Okuwandiika n'okuwakanyizibwa kweyali afuna == Ebitontome Barya byeyasooka okufulumya kwaliko kyebaali bayita, ''Men Love Chocolates But They Don't Say'', n'awangula engule ya Ugandan National Book Trust Award mu 2002.<ref name="barya-bio" /> Eky'okubiri, kyali kiyitibwa, ''The Price of Memory: After the Tsunami'', nga nakyo kyafuna okuwakanyizibwa nga bwekiwandikiddwa wansi wano. Yusuf Serunkuma Kajura, addamu okuyisa amaaso mu mpapula za ''The Weekly Observer'' mu Uganda yagamba nti engeri Barya gyeyali agatagatamu ebitontome bye ng'asinziira ku ndowooza ye eya Afrika, nga by'ekuusa ku birowoozo,osobola okugigerageranya ku kitontome kya [[:en:Okot_p'Bitek|Okot p'Bitek]] ekiwaanvu ekyali kiyitibwa oluyimba lwa Lawino oba <nowiki>''</nowiki>[[:en:Song_of_Lawino|Song Of Lawino]]<nowiki>''." Naye ebitontome bya Barya kubeera nga kunyumirwa omulere ogubeera gufuuyibwa mu bitundu ewasingwanibwa abakyala, obutefaananyizira ngeri Lawino gyeyali alwanirira eneeyisa y'</nowiki>obuwangwa mu Afrika."<ref name="kajura">{{Cite web |url=http://www.ugandaobserver.com/new/archives/2007arch/ent/may/ent2007042611.php |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-04-02 |archive-date=2011-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928071323/http://www.ugandaobserver.com/new/archives/2007arch/ent/may/ent2007042611.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Gaaki Kigambo, addamu okuyisa amaaso mu mpapula z'amawulire ga [[:en:Sunday_Monitor|Sunday Monitor]] mu Ugansda, yagamba nti, <nowiki>'' Ebintu Barya byeyatekako esira obubaka bwabigya nga ku bintu byetwamanyiira. Ku mulembe gw'amasimu, buli omu asobola okumannya omukwano ogukakasiddwa n'ebibalo by'okubala ." Kigambo era yagamba nti ebitontome eby'</nowiki>ekika kino bigyayo omukwano omungi oguli mu Barya."<ref name="kigambo">http://www.monitor.co.ug/artman/publish/insights/Barya_the_romanticist_unveiled.shtml</ref> Okuteeka esira ku bitontome bya Barya eby<nowiki>'omulundi ogw'okusatu, nga bino byali biyitibwa ,''</nowiki>''Give Me Room To Move My Feet'' <nowiki>''</nowiki> nga byali mu 2009, [[:en:Peter_Nazareth|Peter Nazareth]] omukenkufu w'olulimu oluzungu ku [[:en:University_of_Iowa|Yunivasite ye Iowa]] mu ggwanga lya Amerika, yagamba nti," omutontomi amenya menya n<nowiki>'addamu okwegata ng'ayita mu mwoyo, ediini wamu n'ebitontome, n'akomyawo mu bulamu ekyali kisuubirwa okubeera ng'eky'afa" ng'era nti Barya, '' talekera ng'</nowiki>awo kwagala butaka bwe obwa Afrika."<ref name="nazerth">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.amalion.net/catalogue_en/item/give_me_room_to_move_my_feet/ |access-date=2024-04-02 |archive-date=2016-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919082541/http://www.amalion.net/catalogue_en/item/give_me_room_to_move_my_feet/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ebiwandiiko bya Barya ebimpi byeyakola ng'abigya m,u mutwe bya;abibwako mu biwandiiko [[:en:FEMRITE|by'ekibiina ekigata abakyala abawandiisi]], ku mikutu gya <nowiki>'' ku mikutu egifulumya ebikwatagana ku mawanga agali mu luse olumu ne Bungereza, Kungero za Afrika ez'</nowiki>omukwano, Picador Africa, wamu ne ku mikutu gya [[:en:Pambazuka_News|Pambazuka egy'amawulire.]] Akatundu akatono akagibwa mu katabo keyayita <nowiki>''</nowiki>''What Was Left Behind<nowiki>'' kamuweesa ekirabo kya 2008 ekya ''</nowiki>''Pan African Literary Forum Prize for Africana Fiction<nowiki>''</nowiki>, nga kyalamulibwa [[:en:Junot_Diaz|Junot Diaz]], owa [[:en:Dominican-American|Dominican-American]] [[:en:Pulitzer_Prize|Pulitzer Prize]] ekyamuwanguza eky'okubeera omuwandiisi w'ebintu ng'abigye mutwe, wamu n'engero enyiimpi.<ref name="palf" /><ref name="bayra-pr" /> Y'omu ku bawandika mu biwandiiko bya 2019 ebya [[:en:New_Daughters_of_Africa|''New Daughters of Africa'',]] nga bino byasunsulwa Margaret Busby.<ref>https://www.nation.co.ke/lifestyle/weekend/New-Daughters-of-Africa-a-must-read-for-women-writers/1220-5422114-s2c04fz/index.html</ref> == Awaadi == * Mu 2008, yaweebwa engule ya Pan African Literary Forum Prize for Africana Fiction<ref>http://mildredbarya.com/one-writer%e2%80%99s-postcard-the-pan-african-literary-forum-in-ghana/</ref> * Mu 2015 yawangula ekirabo kya Sylt Foundation African Writer´s Residency Award<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.syltfoundation.com/Latest-news/Winner-of-the-2015-Sylt-Foundation-African-Writer-s-Residency-Award-announced-/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-04-02 |archive-date=2024-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240402080015/https://www.syltfoundation.com/Latest-news/Winner-of-the-2015-Sylt-Foundation-African-Writer-s-Residency-Award-announced-/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Mu 2020 yafuna engule ya Linda Flowers Literary Award for creative non-fiction entry "Being Here in This Body"<ref>https://mountainx.com/blogwire/unca-assistant-professor-mildred-k-barya-wins-2020-linda-flowers-literary-award/</ref> == By'awandiise nebifulumizibwa == === Ebitontome === *   *   *   * "A fragile heart", "If I was" in  <cite class="citation book cs1">Femrite Publications. 2009. ISBN&nbsp;<nowiki><bdi>978-9970-700-18-9</bdi></nowiki>.</cite> * "Stormy heart", in  <cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFBeverley_Nambozo_Nsengiyunva2014">(2014). ''A thousand voices rising: An anthology of contemporary African poetry''. BN Poetry Foundation. ISBN&nbsp;<nowiki><bdi>978-9970-9234-0-3</bdi></nowiki>.</cite> === By'agye mu mutwe ebiimpi === * "Raindrops", in  <cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFViolet_Barungi2001">(2001). ''Words from a Granary''. FEMRITE Publications. ISBN&nbsp;<nowiki><bdi>9970-700-01-4</bdi></nowiki>.</cite> * "Scars of Earth", in  <cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFAma_Ata_Aidoo2006">(2006). ''African Love Stories''. Oxfordshire, UK: Ayebia Clarke Publishing. ISBN&nbsp;<nowiki><bdi>0-9547023-6-0</bdi></nowiki>.</cite> * "Effigy Child", in  <cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFViolet_Barungi2006">(2006). ''Gifts of Harvest''. FEMRITE Publications. ISBN&nbsp;<nowiki><bdi>978-9970700042</bdi></nowiki>.</cite> * "Effigy Child", in  <cite class="citation book cs1" id="CITEREFHelon_Habila_&_Kadija_Sesay2008">(2008). ''Dreams, Miracles & Jazz''. Picador Africa. ISBN&nbsp;<nowiki><bdi>978-1-77010-025-1</bdi></nowiki>.</cite> * [http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/African_Writers/45624 "What was left of us"], in ''Pambazuka News'', 2008. * [http://www.percontra.net/issues/26/fiction/black-stone/ "Black Stone"], in ''Per Contra: An International Journal of the Arts, Literature, and Ideas'', 2012. Reprinted in ''New Daughters of Africa'', Margaret Busby, ed., 2019. == Ebijuliziddwaamu == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Category:Abaasomera ku Makerere University]] neyec4xhtyvziz5gfzzf4phpsq5zlra 0 10580 76271 69947 2026-10-10T10:14:15Z Brigitte075 11997 added a citation and converted citations, 76271 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox biography vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;" |<div class="fn" style="display:inline-block">Mariam Fauzat Wangadya</div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%;" |Mariam Mutonyi Wangadya |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Yazalibwa | class="infobox-data" |<div class="birthplace" style="display:inline">[[:en:Bulambuli_District|Disitulikiti y'e Bulambuli]]</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Eggwanga | class="infobox-data category" |Munnayuganda |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Amannya ge amalala | class="infobox-data nickname" |Mariam Mutonyi Wangadya |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Emisomo gye | class="infobox-data" |O levo ku [[:en:Ngora_High_School|Ngora High School]],<br /><br /> Emisomo gye egya Alevo yagisomera ku [[:en:Kibuli_Secondary_School|Kibuli Secondary School]],<br /><br /> Diguli ye mu mateeka ku [[:en:Makerere_University|Makerere Yunivasite]],<br /><br /> Dipuloma mu kukola amateeka ku [[:en:Law_Development_Center|Law Development Center]],<br /><br /> Diguli ey'okubiri eya public administration and management |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Emirimu gye | class="infobox-data role" |Munnamateeka, ssentebe w'akakiiko ka k'[[:en:Uganda_Human_Rights_Commission|eddembe ly'obuntu mu Uganda]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Amukozesa | class="infobox-data org" |[[:en:Uganda_Human_Rights_Commission|Uganda Human Rights Commission]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ebijmufudde omumanyifu | class="infobox-data" |Okulwanirira abaana, eddembe ly'ebyobufuzi mu kibuga |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Abaana | class="infobox-data" |1 |} '''Mariam Fauzat Wangadya''' amanyikiddwa nga '''Mariam Mutonyi Wangadya''' Munnayuganda, [[:en:Lawyer|Munnamateeka]] era [[:en:Advocate|mulwanirizi w'eddembe]]. Mulwanirizi w'eddembe ly'ebyobufuzi mu kibuga n'enddembe lya'abaana,<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Acellam |first=Benard |date=2024 |title=Greening Urban Transport in Secondary Cities in Uganda: Challenges and New Strategies for Adoption |url=https://doi.org/10.4236/cus.2024.123016 |journal=Current Urban Studies |volume=12 |issue=03 |pages=316–328 |doi=10.4236/cus.2024.123016 |issn=2328-4900}}</ref> Wangadya ye ssentebe w'akakiiko akalwanira eddembe ly'obuntu aka [[:en:Uganda_Human_Rights_Commission|Uganda Human Rights Commission]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=NewVision |date=2023-06-20 |title=News: UHRC condemns attack on Kasese school |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/uhrc-condemns-attack-on-kasese-school-NV_163177_102026 |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=New Vision}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-12 |title=Karamoja MPs vow to seek justice for ‘starved’ suspects |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/karamoja-mps-vow-to-seek-justice-for-starved-suspects-4195996 |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Bot Verification |url=https://theinspector.co.ug/uhrc-boss-mariam-wangadya-exposes-shocking-rot-in-uganda-police-force-in-latest-uhrc-report-to-parliament/ |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=theinspector.co.ug}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://uhrc.ug/chairperson-to-the-commission/ |access-date=2024-04-10 |archive-date=2024-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240316121446/https://uhrc.ug/chairperson-to-the-commission/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wangadya mmemba mu bibiina by'abannamateeka omuli [[:en:East_Africa_Law_Society|East African Law Society]], [[:en:Uganda_Law_Society|Uganda Law Society]], [[:en:International_Bar_Association|International Bar Association]] n'ekitongole ekiwolereza abakyala mu Uganda ekya Uganda Women Lawyers Association (FIDA Uganda). == Ebimukwatako == === Obuto bwe n'emisomo gye === Wangadya yazaalibwa abasomesa babiri abawummula mu [[Bulambuli (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Bulambuli]]. Alina baganda be bataano. Wangadya emisomo gye egya [[:en:Ordinary_Level|Ordinary Level]] yagimaliliriza ku [[:en:Ngora_High_School|Ngora High school]] ne [[:en:Advanced_Level|Advanced Level]] nagimaliliriza ku [[:en:Kibuli_Secondary_School|Kibuli Secondary school]]. Yatikkirwa ne Diguli me mateeka okuva ku [[:en:Makerere_University|Ssettendekero wa Makerere]], Dipuloma mu kukola amateeka yagifunira ku [[:en:Law_Development_Centre|Law Development Center]]. Yafuna Satifikeeti emukkiriza okwegatta ku [[:en:High_Court_of_Uganda|Kkooti ya Uganda enkulu]] nga munnamateeka. Alina Diguli mu Public Administration and Management mu Uganda.<ref name=":0"/> === Emirimu gye === Emirimu gye yagitandikira mu kitongole ky'abannamateeka ekya Dagira and company advocates ekisangibwa ku luguudo lwa republic street mu [[:en:Mbale_District|Disitulikiti y'e Mbale]] nga mu kitongole ky'ekimu y'afunamu emigabo. Era yasalawo okuyamba nga munnamateeka w'ekitongole ekieolereza abakyala ekya Uganda Women Lawyers Association (FIDA Uganda). Mu 1996, Wangadya yalondebwa ng'omu ku bammemba abatandiisi b'ekitongole ekirwanirira eddembe ly'obuntu ekya [[:en:Uganda_Human_Rights_Commission|Uganda Human Rights Commission]] (UHRC) nga kitandikibwawo. Yaweereza ne Sekaggya ne Med Sozi Kaggwa.<ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined</ref><ref name=":2">https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined</ref><ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined</ref><ref name=":3"/><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Independent |first=The |date=2021-08-25 |title=New UHRC chairperson, commissioners pledge swift investigations |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/new-uhrc-chairperson-commissioners-pledge-swift-investigations/ |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=The Independent Uganda: |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 2013, Wangadya yalekulira ekitongole ekirwanirizi ky'eddembe ly'abantu ekya [[Akakiiko k’eddembe ly’obuntu mu Uganda|Uganda Human Rights Commission]] okutandiika omulimu gwe omugya nga Omumyuka w'akaliisoliiso wa Gavumenti, ekifo kye yaweerezaamu okutuusa mu 2021 nga amyuka Kaliisoliiso wa Gavumenti.<ref>https://actvuganda.org/download/UHRC-Annual-Reports/UHRC-16th-Annual-Report.pdf</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.igg.go.ug/media/files/publications/MAIN_REPORT_1.pdf |access-date=2024-04-10 |archive-date=2022-06-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617105029/https://igg.go.ug/media/files/publications/MAIN_REPORT_1.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Uganda |first=UNDP |date=2018-04-16 |title=Combating cross border corruption — UNDP Uganda partners with national and local authorities to… |url=https://medium.com/@UNDPUganda/combating-cross-border-corruption-undp-uganda-partners-with-national-and-local-authorities-to-b69de71a6ee9 |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Medium |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-03-12 |title=IGG asks MPs exiting parliament to declare wealth |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/igg-asks-mps-exiting-parliament-to-declare-wealth/ |access-date=2026-10-10 |work=The Independent Uganda: |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=Independent |date=2020-12-10 |title=Development partners demand immediate appointment of IGG |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/development-partners-demand-immediate-appointment-of-igg/ |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=The Independent Uganda: |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu Gwomusanvu 2021, yalondebwa nga Ssentebe w'akakiiko akalwanirizi k'eddembe ly'abantu aka [[:en:Uganda_Human_Rights_Commission|Uganda Human Rights Commission]] nga yalondebwa [[:en:Yoweri_Museveni|Yoweri Museveni]] era nga yasunsulwa akakiiko ka Paalamenti akasunsula ababeera balondeddwa mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Independent |first=The |date=2022-09-22 |title=It is hard to stop human rights abuses: UHRC boss |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/it-is-hard-to-stop-human-rights-abuses-uhrc-boss/ |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=The Independent Uganda: |language=en-US}}</ref> Yafuna offiisi ye mu butongole nga 29 Ogwomwenda 2021, oluvanyuma lw'okulayizibwa Omulamuzi [[:en:Alfonse_Owiny-Dollo|Alfonso Owiny-Dollo]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /> Mu 2023, Wangadya ku lwa UHRC y'assa omukono ku kiwandiiko kya National Fellowship of Born-Again Pentecostal churches of Uganda (NFBPCU) ekyalina okukugira okutyobolwa kw'eddembe ly'amakanisa g'Abalokole n'okubalemesa.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=NewVision |date=2023-10-25 |title=News: UHRC moves to eliminate rights violations in Born-Again churches |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/uhrc-moves-to-eliminate-rights-violations-in-NV_173429_102026 |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=New Vision}}</ref> Ekiwandiiko kino kisigala kikola okutuusa mu 2028 wabula bwe wabeerawo enzikiliziganya etuukiddwako kisobola okukyusibwa.<ref name=":4" /> Mu 2023, Wangadya ng'aweereza nga Ssentebe w'ekitongole kya UHRC yavunaana omukulembeze w'ekitongole kya [[:en:National_Unity_Platform|National Unity Platform (NUP)]] olw'okutambula n'ebyobulwanisa olw'ebigendererwa bye mu by'obufuzi.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Independent |first=The |date=2023-01-19 |title=UHRC accuses NUP of using abductions for political gains |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/uhrc-accuses-nup-of-using-abductions-for-political-gains/ |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=The Independent Uganda: |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Muyingo |first=Fahim |date=2024-01-08 |title=Wangadya attacks NUP for providing "false list" of missing persons |url=https://charmarnews.com/wangadya-attacks-nup-for-providing-a-false-list-of-missing-persons/ |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Charmar |language=en-US}}</ref> Omukulembeze wa NUP yali agamba nti eb'ekitongole ekikuuma ddembe baali bawamba n'okutulugunya abawagizi ba NUP okuva mu 2020.<ref name=":6" /> UHRC yakizuula nti ddala abamu ku balabikira ku lukalala baalli bakwatibwa era bateebwa mu Gwekkuminebiri 2022.<ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://mulengeranews.com/uhrc-rebukes-nup-for-playing-politics-of-victimhood/ |access-date=2024-04-10 |archive-date=2024-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330174920/https://mulengeranews.com/uhrc-rebukes-nup-for-playing-politics-of-victimhood/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu 2024, Wangadya yayanjula alipoota y'ekitongole ekirwanirira eddembe ly'abantu ekya [[:en:Uganda_Human_Rights_Commission|Uganda Human Rights Commission (UHRC)]] eri [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]], nga yalimu ebikwata mbeera n'ebikwekweto bya Polisi ya Uganda ([[:en:Uganda_Police_Force|Uganda Police Force]] (UPF). Alipoota yalimu embeera abasirikale gy'ebawangalira, abasirikale abatalina by'akulwanyisa, okukozesa emiguwa ng'empingu, enkola y'okubakyusa mu bitundu etali y'abwenkanya saako n'okyusa abasirikale olw'okulya enguzi. == Ebimukwatako eby'omunda == Wangadya maama era alina omutabani == Laba na bino == * [[:en:Bart_Magunda_Katureebe|Bart Magunda Katureebe]] * [[:en:Alfonse_Owiny-Dollo|Alfonse Owiny-Dollo]] == Ebijuliziddwamu == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwamu eby'bweru wa Wikipediya == * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-5WLt1BBaCg&ab_channel=CIVICSPACETV Emboozi ey'afubo eya Mariam Fauzat Wangadya n'aba Civic Space] * [https://fidauganda.or.ug/women-rights Omukutu gwa Webusayiti ogwa Uganda Women Lawyers Association (FIDA Uganda)] {{DEFAULTSORT:Wangadya, Mariam Fauzat}} [[Category:Abaasomera ku Makerere University]] [[Category:Bannamateeka ba Uganda]] csnri1u518zza0mr9wm57rzjtp6n0lr 0 10908 76262 70245 2026-10-10T10:06:23Z Thomas Eddie Irigei 11996 converted reference 76262 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Asuman Kiyingi''' Munnayuganda, [[:en:Lawyer|Munnamateeka]] era [[:en:Politician|Munnabyabufuzi]]. Ye yali [[:en:Ministry_of_Works_and_Transport_(Uganda)|Minisita omubeezi ow'emirimu]] mu [[:en:Cabinet_of_Uganda|Kabineeti ya Uganda]]. Yalondebwa mu kifo ekyo nga 1 Ogwokusatu, 2015, nga yadda u bigere bya [[:en:John_Byabagambi|John Byabagambi]], nga ono yali yalondebwa ku kifo kya Minisita w'emirimu n'eby'entambula.<ref name="Shuffle">https://web.archive.org/web/20170709092825/http://www.monitor.co.ug/blob/view/-/2639388/data/956667/-/oq6gpdz/-/cabinet.pdf</ref> Ebyo nga tebinnabaawo, okuva nga 27 Ogwokutaano, 2011 okutuusa nga 1 Ogwokusatu 2015, ye yali [[:en:Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Uganda)|Minisita omubeezi ow'ensonga z'ebweru nensonga ezikwata ku bitundu]]. Yaweebwa ekifo kino nga 27 Ogwokutaano 2011. Yadda mu bigere bya [[:en:Isaac_Musumba|Isaac Musumba]], eyasuulibwa okuva ku Kabineeti.<ref>https://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150208384704078&comments</ref> Gy'ebyasookera, yali aweereza nga Minisita omubeezi ow;ensonga z'ettaka okuva mu 2009 okutuusa mu 2011.<ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/200907200835.html</ref> Y'akiikirira Essaza ly'e Bugabula ery'Obukiikaddyo nga eno esangibwa mu [[:en:Kamuli_District|Disitulikiti y'e Kamuli]], mu Paalamenti ya Uganda. Aweerezza mu kifo ekyo okuva nga 23 Ogwokubiri 2006.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2026-10-04 |title=New Vision |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Vision&oldid=1378373313 |language=en}}</ref> == Obuto bwe n'okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa mu [[Kamuli (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Kamuli]] nga 27 Ogwekkumineebiri 1963.<ref name="Parliament">https://web.archive.org/web/20150924064627/http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=355&const=Bugabula+County+South&dist_id=20&distname=Kamuli</ref> Yasomera ku [[Makerere y'akubiri ku ssemazinga|Ssettendekero wa Makerere]], nga ye Ssettendekero esinga obukulu mu Uganda era yatandikibwa mu 1922. Yafuna Diguli bbiri, [[:en:Bachelor_of_Laws|Diguli Esooka mu By'amateeka]] ne [[:en:Master_of_Laws|Diguli Ey'okubiri mu Mateeka]]. Alina [[:en:Legal_practice|Dipulooma mu Kukola amateeka]] era nga eno yagifunira ku ttendekero ly'abannamateeka erya [[:en:Law_Development_Center|Law Development Center]] mu [[:en:Kampala|Kampala]].<ref name="Parliament" /> == Obumanyirivu mu mirimu == Nga tannaba kuweebwa kifo mu Kkabineeti ya Uganda mu Gwokubiri 2009,<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Vision</ref> Kiyingi yali akola mu bifo eby'enjawulo ebikola mu mateeka. Yatandika nga omuyambi w'abannamateeka mu kkampuni emu eya bannamateeka esangibwa mu Kampala eyitibwa Ntume, Nyanzi & Company Advocates. Oluvannyuma, yafuna endala mwe yadda nga eyitibwa Mugenyi & Company Advocates. Bwe yali mu kkampuni eyo yakuzibwa nadda ku kifo ky'[[:en:Advocate|Omuwolereza]]. Bwe yavaayo, yafuuka [[:en:Lawyer|Munnamateeka]] w'ekibiiina [[:en:National_Social_Security_Fund_(Uganda)|Ky'ekittavvu]]. Bwe yava eno, yafuuka [[:en:Company_secretary|Munnamateeka w'ekitongole]] kya National Medical Stores, nga kino kikola ku Kufuna ddagala erikozesebwa mu Uganda. Omulimu gweyasembayo okukola nga tannaba kuyingira by'abufuzi yeeyali [[:en:Legal_counsel|Munnamateeka Omuwabuzi]] ow'ekitongole ekikola ku kukuba ppulaani z'eggwanga.<ref name="Parliament">https://web.archive.org/web/20150924064627/http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=355&const=Bugabula+County+South&dist_id=20&distname=Kamuli</ref> Yalondebwa okuweereza mu Paalamenti ya Uganda mu Gwokubiri gwa 2006, era naanyiza oyo eyaliko Salaamu Musumba ow'ekibiina kya [[:en:Forum_for_Democratic_Change|Forum for Democratic Change]], nga kino kibiina ekivuganya gavumenti.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20141227231232/http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/17/486466</ref> == Ebimukwatako eby'omunda == Asuman Kiyingi mufumbo. Ali mu kibiina ky'eby'obufuzi ekya [[:en:National_Resistance_Movement|National Resistance Movement]]. Ayogerwako ng'omuntu ayagala ennyo [[:en:Debate|okukuba empawa]], [[:en:Travel|okutambula]], [[:en:Theater|ebifo awazannyirwa firimu]], [[:en:Poetry|n'ebyobutontomi]].<ref name="Parliament">https://web.archive.org/web/20150924064627/http://www.parliament.go.ug/mpdata/mps.hei?p=f&n=t&details=t&j=355&const=Bugabula+County+South&dist_id=20&distname=Kamuli</ref> == Laba ne bino == * [[:en:Cabinet_of_Uganda|Kabineeti ya Uganda]] * [[:en:Government_of_Uganda|Gavumenti ya Uganda]] * [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Paalamenti ya Uganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] [[Category:Bannamateeka ba Uganda]] [[Category:Baminisita ba Uganda]] 4pslfhrxruejaxp86zn4uqpw9lrd7zi 0 10947 76264 57831 2026-10-10T10:08:30Z Thomas Eddie Irigei 11996 converted reference 76264 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Aberi Kakyomya Balya''' yali mumyuka wa mulabiriizi w'e kanisa ya uganda wakkati w’ekyasa eky’amakumi abiri.<ref> name="DACB">[https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=lg&from=en&page=Aberi+Balya&targettitle=Aberi+Balya#:~:text=Reference-,View,the%20original%20on%202012%2D05%2D10.%20Retrieved%202012%2D06%2D06,-. https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Special:ContentTranslation&campaign=contributionsmenu&to=lg&from=en&page=Aberi+Balya&targettitle=Aberi+Balya#:~:text=Reference-,View,the%20original%20on%202012%2D05%2D10.%20Retrieved%202012%2D06%2D06,-.]</ref>< Yasomera ku [[:en:Uganda_Christian_University|Bishop Tucker College]]<ref name=":0" /> era nattikirwa ng'omulabirizi mu 1922. Yalondebwa okuba [[:en:Canon_(priest)|omdyankoni]] mu 1935; era yabutuzibwako mu Kampala Cathedral nga 26 oggwekkumi 1947,okuweereza ng'omumyuka w'omulabirizi wa Uganda mu 1922.<ref (okuwereza ng'omumyuka wa ssabalabirizi mu bulabirizi bwa Uganda) Mubuwereza obwo,yalina obuvunanyizibwa obw 'enjawulo okuwereza mu [[:en:Anglican_dioceses_of_Rwenzori|Bunyoro, Tooro, Ankole ne Kigezi;]] yawereza paka weyawumula mu 1960,ng'alina emyaka 83.<ref name="DACB" />. Yaffa nga 26 oggwekkuminogumu 1979,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Yingira - Wikipedia |url=https://auth.wikimedia.org/lgwiki/wiki/Special:UserLogin?centralauthLoginToken=c38b7981d0e447b3b662ba1537f53acf&returnto=Special%3AContentTranslation&returntoquery=campaign%3Dundefined%26from%3Den%26page%3DAberi%2BBalya%26targettitle%3DAberi%2BBalya%26to%3Dlg&useformat=desktop&usesul3=1&warning=exception-nologin-text |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=auth.wikimedia.org |language=lg}}</ref> ku myaka 102. Amatendekero mangi gabbuddwa mulinnya lye okumuwa ekitiibwa nga muno mulimu ne Bishop Balya secondary School essomero lya siniya ely'abawala mu Disitulikiti y’e Kamwenge. == Ebijjuliziddwa == {{Reflist}}<blockquote> == Ebiyungo eby'ebweru == </blockquote> == Amatuluba == px1cwbs3px5hwxj6k4tqrezwt0ayq2j 0 11015 76249 72680 2026-10-10T09:48:35Z Thomas Eddie Irigei 11996 converted reference 76249 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lweza Football Club''' yali kiraabu ya mupiira nga esiinziira mu [[:en:Kampala|Kampala]], Uganda. Baakyaliza ng'emipiira gyabwe ku [[:en:Mutesa_II_Stadium|kisaawe kya Muteesa II]] e Wankuluku.<ref>https://betsapi.com/t/50649/Lweza-FC</ref> == Ebigikwatako == Kiraabu eno yzannyira nga mu kibinja kya Uganda ekya babinyweera. Oludda luno olwaali lusinziira e [[:en:Kajjansi|Kajjansi]] baalutandikawo mu 1990 okuteekawo eddaala ly'obumannyirivu mu kutendekerwa okwekikugu wamu ne pulogulaamu z'okukulakulanya abazannyi nga bazizimbidde ku mitendera gy'ensi yonna. Kiraabu y'e Lweza ey'omupiira yakulakulana okutuuka muzimu ku kiraabu ezaali zisinga okubeera enene era nga zatutumu mu Uganda, ng'eyambye abazannyi abasoba mu 70 ku mutendera gw'okuzannya omupiira gw'ensimbi ebweru w'eggwanga wamu ne ku ttiimu z'abavubuka. Lweza FC yali ezimbiddwa ku musingi gw'okubeera nga yali siyakukola magoba, ng'era yali ekolagana n'akakiiko akaaliko ba memba, abazannyi, banakyewa, abatendesi wamu ne bamaneja okutekawo kiraabu y'omupiira nga yakitundu omusinganibwa kyonna, era nga y'abantu. Yasinga nga kwesigama ku banakyewawamu ne ssente ezakungaanyizibwa nga zaali zikozesebwa okuyamba kiraabu wamu n'abantu abeetolodde. Mu 2017, kiraabu yagulibwa Jude Mbabali, eyali munamateeka ate munabyabufuzi, eyagenda oluvannyuma nagigya e Kajjansi gyeyali esiba amakanda n'agitwala e Makasa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=2017-07-04 |title=Lweza Football Club disposed off to Masaka politician |url=https://kawowo.com/2017/07/04/lweza-football-club-disposed-off-masaka-politician/ |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined</ref> == Byeyaganyulwaamu == * [[:en:FUFA_Regionals_Cup|'''Empaka za FUFA Regionals Cup''']] ** Yagiwangula omulundi gumu mu 2-12 * [[:en:FUFA_Big_League|'''Empaka za FUFA Big League''']] ** Yamalira mu kifo kya kubiri mu 2014 == Ebijuliziddwaamu == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Omupiira mu Uganda]] o65mw046k3i2yqk7ogyml8egsxy7mnb 0 11093 76257 72126 2026-10-10T10:03:07Z Thomas Eddie Irigei 11996 converted reference 76257 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement|official_name=Mpigi|other_name=|native_name=<!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->|nickname=|settlement_type=<!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)-->|motto=<!-- images and maps ----------->|image_skyline=Weather in Nakirebe Mpigi District.jpg|imagesize=|image_caption=|image_flag=|flag_size=|image_seal=|seal_size=|image_shield=|shield_size=|image_blank_emblem=|blank_emblem_type=|blank_emblem_size=|image_map=|mapsize=|map_caption=|image_map1=|mapsize1=|map_caption1=|image_dot_map=|dot_mapsize=|dot_map_caption=|dot_x=|dot_y=|pushpin_map=Uganda<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map -->|pushpin_label_position=bottom|pushpin_map_caption=Location in Uganda <!-- Location ------------------>|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name=[[File:Flag of Uganda.svg|25px]] [[Uganda]]|subdivision_type1=[[Regions of Uganda|Region]]|subdivision_name1=[[Central Region, Uganda|Central Uganda]]|subdivision_type2=[[Districts of Uganda|District]]|subdivision_name2=[[Mpigi District]]|subdivision_type3=|subdivision_name3=|subdivision_type4=|subdivision_name4=<!-- Politics ----------------->|government_footnotes=|government_type=|leader_title=[[Mayor]]|leader_name=|leader_title1=<!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->|leader_name1=|leader_title2=|leader_name2=|leader_title3=|leader_name3=|leader_title4=|leader_name4=|established_title=<!-- Settled -->|established_date=|established_title2=<!-- Incorporated (town) -->|established_date2=|established_title3=<!-- Incorporated (city) -->|established_date3=<!-- Area --------------------->|area_magnitude=|unit_pref=Imperial <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->|area_land_km2=<!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->|area_water_km2=|area_total_sq_mi=|area_land_sq_mi=|area_water_sq_mi=|area_water_percent=|area_urban_km2=|area_urban_sq_mi=|area_metro_km2=|area_metro_sq_mi=|area_blank1_title=|area_blank1_km2=|area_blank1_sq_mi=<!-- Population ----------------------->|population_as_of=2020 Estimate|population_footnotes=|population_note=|population_total=49500<ref name="1R"/>|population_density_km2=|population_density_sq_mi=|population_metro=|population_density_metro_km2=|population_density_metro_sq_mi=|population_urban=|population_density_urban_km2=|population_density_urban_sq_mi=|population_blank1_title=Ethnicities|population_blank1=|population_blank2_title=Religions|population_blank2=|population_density_blank1_km2=|population_density_blank1_sq_mi=<!-- General information --------------->|timezone=|utc_offset=|timezone_DST=|utc_offset_DST=|elevation_footnotes=<!--for references: use <ref> tags-->|elevation_m=1217|elevation_ft=<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->|postal_code_type=<!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->|postal_code=|area_code=|blank_name=|blank_info=|blank1_name=|blank1_info=|website=|footnotes=}}'''Ekibuga ky'Empigi kisangibwa''' mu ssaza ly'e Mawokota mu [[:en:Mpigi District|Disitulikiti y'e Mpigi]], mu [[:en:Central_Region,_Uganda|masekkati ga Uganda]] . Mpigi kitebe kya munisipaali, enzirukanya y’emirimu n’ebyobusuubuzi mu Disitulikiti eyo. Disitulikiti eno yatuumibwa erinnya ly’ekibuga lyennyini. <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |title=Mpigi Town Turns to Real Estate, Industrialization to Boost Development : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/mpigi-town-turns-to-real-estate-industrialization-to-boost-development- |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> == Ekifo wekisangibwa == Mpigi kibuga kikulu ekiyitamu abantu nga kisangibwa kilometres 40 (25 mi) mu bukiikaddyo bw’amaserengeta ga [[:en:Kampala|Kampala]], [[:en:Capital_city|ekibuga ekikulu e]]<nowiki/>kya [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] era nga kye kisinga obunene, ku [[:en:Kampala–Masaka_Road|luguudo lwa Kampala–Masaka]] . <ref name="3R">https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Kampala/Mpigi/@0.2974353,32.400134,11z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x177dbc0f9d74b39b:0x4538903dd96b6fec!2m2!1d32.5825197!2d0.3475964!1m5!1m1!1s0x177d750f28c294df:0x8f8fd279a8b29d41!2m2!1d32.3249236!2d0.2273528!3e0</ref> Ekibuga Mpigi we kiri kigifuula ekifo eky'okuyingirira mu disitulikitie z'enjawu kuli [[:en:Mpigi_District|Mpigi]], [[:en:Wakiso_District|Wakiso]], [[:en:Butambala_District|Butambala]], [[:en:Gomba_District|Gomba]], [[:en:Mityana_District|Mityana]], [[:en:Kalungu_District|Kalungu]] ne [[:en:Kalangala_District|Kalangala]], nga bayita ku myalo egyenjawulo okukka ku lubalama [[:en:Lake_Victoria|lw'ennyanja Victoria]] . Ku lusozi Mbale olusangibwa munda mu kibuga mukibuga kino, okusibuka omu ku bakatonda b'ennono abamanyiddwa ennyo mu [[:en:Buganda|Buganda]] ; Kibuuka Omumbaale. kulusozi luno kwe kuli embuga y'ab'ekika ky'e "Ndiga" (endiga). Endagiriro y'ekibuga ku maapu eri 0°13'48.0"N 32°19'48.0"E (Latitude:0.2300, Longitude:32.3300). <ref name="4R">https://www.google.com/maps/place/0%C2%B013'48.0%22N+32%C2%B019'48.0%22E/@0.2281596,32.3259667,1570m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d0.23!4d32.33</ref> Mpigi Town Council etudde ku buwanvu bwa 1,217 metres (3,993 ft) waggulu [[:en:Mean_sea_level|w’obugulumivu bw’ennyanja obutereevu]] . <ref name="5R">https://www.floodmap.net/Elevation/ElevationMap/?gi=229024</ref> == obungi bw'abantu == Mu kubala abantu mu ggwanga mu mwaka gwa 2002, abantu mu kibuga ky'eMpigi baali emitwalo esatu mu enkumi nnya mu bina34,400. Ate mu mwaka gwa 2010, ekitongole kya Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) ekivunanyizibwa ku bibalo, kyabalirira nti omuwendo gw’abantu mu kibuga kino gwali mu mitwalo esatu mu kanaana mu mu bisatu 38,300. Mu mwaka gwa 2011, UBOS yabalirira nti omuwendo gw’abantu mu Mpigi gwali emitwalo esatu mu kanaana mu lunaana 38,800. <ref name="6R">https://web.archive.org/web/20140707231502/http://www.ubos.org/onlinefiles/uploads/ubos/pdf%20documents/TP52010.pdf</ref> Ate mu mwaka gwa 2014, okubala abantu mu ggwanga lyonna kwalaga nti omuwendo gw’abantu mu Mpigi gwalinya ku bantu emitwalo enna mu enkumisatu mu bisatu mu nkaaga 43,360. <ref name="7R">https://www.citypopulation.de/en/uganda/cities/</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2015, ekitongole kya UBOS kyabalirira nti abantu b’omu kibuga kino baali bali mu mitwalo enna mu enkumi nnya mu bibri 44,200. Mu mwaka gwa 2020, ekitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku bungi bw’abantu mu gwanga kyabalirira nti abantu b’e Mpigi mu makkati g’omwaka baali bakunukiriza emitwalo enna mu kenda mu bitano 49,500, nga ku bano abantu emitwalo ebiri mu enkumitaano mu bibri 25,200 (50.9 ku buli 100) baali bakyala ate 24,300 (49.1 ku buli 100) baali basajja. Ekitongole kya UBOS kyabalirira nti omuwendo gw’abantu mu Mpigi Town gwakula ku kigero kya wakati wa bitundu 2.29 ku buli 100 buli mwaka, wakati w'omwaka gwa 2015 ne 2020. <ref name="1R">https://www.citypopulation.de/en/uganda/central/admin/mpigi/SC0399__mpigi/</ref>   == Laba nabino byamugaso == Ebifo bino wammanga bisangibwa munda mu Mpigi oba okumpi n’ensalo zaakyo: <ref name="4R">https://www.google.com/maps/place/0%C2%B013'48.0%22N+32%C2%B019'48.0%22E/@0.2281596,32.3259667,1570m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d0.23!4d32.33</ref> 1. 1. . Ekitebe [[:en:Mpigi_District|ky’abaddukanya disitulikiti y’e Mpigi]] 2. 2..ofiisi za town councel y'ekibuga 3. 3. . Akatale ka Mpigi Central market 4. 4. . Kkooti y'omulamuzi omukulu e Mpigi 5. 5. . Mpigi Military Barracks, ekitongole ekitandikibwawo eggye lya [[:en:Uganda_People's_Defence_Force|Uganda People's Defence Force]] 6. 6. . Police Barracks e mpigi, nga yatekeebwawo ekitongole kya [[:en:Uganda_Police|Poliisi ya Uganda]] 7. 7. . Ekkomera e Mpigi nga lino lyatandikibwawo ekitongole ky’amakomera mu Uganda 8. . [[:en:Mpigi_Hospital|Mpigi Hospital]], eddwaliro ly'ebitanda 100 nga liddukanyizibwa [[:en:Uganda_Ministry_of_Health|minisitule y'ebyobulamu mu Uganda]] <ref name="8R">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/mpigi-health-unit-suspends-surgeries-over-water-crisis-1877148</ref> 9. 9. . [[:en:Kampala-Mpigi_Expressway|Oluguudo lwa Kampala-Mpigi Expressway]], oluguudo [[:en:Dual_carriageway|olusasulwa emirongooti]] ena wakati wa Kampala ne Mpigi, nga luzimbibwa, nga lusuubirwa okuggwa mu 2025. <ref>https://chimpreports.com/how-the-busega-mpigi-express-way-will-ease-transport-spur-economic-devt/</ref> == Engoma == Ekibuga kino kimanyiddwa nnyo ng'ekibuga ekikulu eky'amakolero g'engooma nga [[:en:Ngoma_drums|ngoma drums]] . Engoma zonna wano zikoleddwa n’emikono. <ref name="9R">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/drum-makers-decry-competition-3584626?view=htmlamp</ref> == Laba nabino == * [[:en:Mpigi_District|Disitulikiti y’e Mpigi]] * [[:en:Central_Region,_Uganda|Central Region, Uganda]] * [[:en:List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Uganda|Olukalala lw'ebibuga n'obubuga mu Uganda]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == [[Category:Mpigi (disitulikit)]] [[Category:Buganda]] nlowsl6hp0syq5ree1mdyi4z7n38y9f 76258 76257 2026-10-10T10:03:29Z Thomas Eddie Irigei 11996 converted reference 76258 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement|official_name=Mpigi|other_name=|native_name=<!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->|nickname=|settlement_type=<!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)-->|motto=<!-- images and maps ----------->|image_skyline=Weather in Nakirebe Mpigi District.jpg|imagesize=|image_caption=|image_flag=|flag_size=|image_seal=|seal_size=|image_shield=|shield_size=|image_blank_emblem=|blank_emblem_type=|blank_emblem_size=|image_map=|mapsize=|map_caption=|image_map1=|mapsize1=|map_caption1=|image_dot_map=|dot_mapsize=|dot_map_caption=|dot_x=|dot_y=|pushpin_map=Uganda<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map -->|pushpin_label_position=bottom|pushpin_map_caption=Location in Uganda <!-- Location ------------------>|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name=[[File:Flag of Uganda.svg|25px]] [[Uganda]]|subdivision_type1=[[Regions of Uganda|Region]]|subdivision_name1=[[Central Region, Uganda|Central Uganda]]|subdivision_type2=[[Districts of Uganda|District]]|subdivision_name2=[[Mpigi District]]|subdivision_type3=|subdivision_name3=|subdivision_type4=|subdivision_name4=<!-- Politics ----------------->|government_footnotes=|government_type=|leader_title=[[Mayor]]|leader_name=|leader_title1=<!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->|leader_name1=|leader_title2=|leader_name2=|leader_title3=|leader_name3=|leader_title4=|leader_name4=|established_title=<!-- Settled -->|established_date=|established_title2=<!-- Incorporated (town) -->|established_date2=|established_title3=<!-- Incorporated (city) -->|established_date3=<!-- Area --------------------->|area_magnitude=|unit_pref=Imperial <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->|area_land_km2=<!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->|area_water_km2=|area_total_sq_mi=|area_land_sq_mi=|area_water_sq_mi=|area_water_percent=|area_urban_km2=|area_urban_sq_mi=|area_metro_km2=|area_metro_sq_mi=|area_blank1_title=|area_blank1_km2=|area_blank1_sq_mi=<!-- Population ----------------------->|population_as_of=2020 Estimate|population_footnotes=|population_note=|population_total=49500<ref name="1R"/>|population_density_km2=|population_density_sq_mi=|population_metro=|population_density_metro_km2=|population_density_metro_sq_mi=|population_urban=|population_density_urban_km2=|population_density_urban_sq_mi=|population_blank1_title=Ethnicities|population_blank1=|population_blank2_title=Religions|population_blank2=|population_density_blank1_km2=|population_density_blank1_sq_mi=<!-- General information --------------->|timezone=|utc_offset=|timezone_DST=|utc_offset_DST=|elevation_footnotes=<!--for references: use <ref> tags-->|elevation_m=1217|elevation_ft=<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->|postal_code_type=<!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->|postal_code=|area_code=|blank_name=|blank_info=|blank1_name=|blank1_info=|website=|footnotes=}}'''Ekibuga ky'Empigi kisangibwa''' mu ssaza ly'e Mawokota mu [[:en:Mpigi District|Disitulikiti y'e Mpigi]], mu [[:en:Central_Region,_Uganda|masekkati ga Uganda]] . Mpigi kitebe kya munisipaali, enzirukanya y’emirimu n’ebyobusuubuzi mu Disitulikiti eyo. Disitulikiti eno yatuumibwa erinnya ly’ekibuga lyennyini. <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |title=Mpigi Town Turns to Real Estate, Industrialization to Boost Development : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/mpigi-town-turns-to-real-estate-industrialization-to-boost-development- |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> == Ekifo wekisangibwa == Mpigi kibuga kikulu ekiyitamu abantu nga kisangibwa kilometres 40 (25 mi) mu bukiikaddyo bw’amaserengeta ga [[:en:Kampala|Kampala]], [[:en:Capital_city|ekibuga ekikulu e]]<nowiki/>kya [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] era nga kye kisinga obunene, ku [[:en:Kampala–Masaka_Road|luguudo lwa Kampala–Masaka]] . <ref name="3R">https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Kampala/Mpigi/@0.2974353,32.400134,11z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x177dbc0f9d74b39b:0x4538903dd96b6fec!2m2!1d32.5825197!2d0.3475964!1m5!1m1!1s0x177d750f28c294df:0x8f8fd279a8b29d41!2m2!1d32.3249236!2d0.2273528!3e0</ref> Ekibuga Mpigi we kiri kigifuula ekifo eky'okuyingirira mu disitulikitie z'enjawu kuli [[:en:Mpigi_District|Mpigi]], [[:en:Wakiso_District|Wakiso]], [[:en:Butambala_District|Butambala]], [[:en:Gomba_District|Gomba]], [[:en:Mityana_District|Mityana]], [[:en:Kalungu_District|Kalungu]] ne [[:en:Kalangala_District|Kalangala]], nga bayita ku myalo egyenjawulo okukka ku lubalama [[:en:Lake_Victoria|lw'ennyanja Victoria]] . Ku lusozi Mbale olusangibwa munda mu kibuga mukibuga kino, okusibuka omu ku bakatonda b'ennono abamanyiddwa ennyo mu [[:en:Buganda|Buganda]] ; Kibuuka Omumbaale. kulusozi luno kwe kuli embuga y'ab'ekika ky'e "Ndiga" (endiga). Endagiriro y'ekibuga ku maapu eri 0°13'48.0"N 32°19'48.0"E (Latitude:0.2300, Longitude:32.3300). <ref name="4R">https://www.google.com/maps/place/0%C2%B013'48.0%22N+32%C2%B019'48.0%22E/@0.2281596,32.3259667,1570m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d0.23!4d32.33</ref> Mpigi Town Council etudde ku buwanvu bwa 1,217 metres (3,993 ft) waggulu [[:en:Mean_sea_level|w’obugulumivu bw’ennyanja obutereevu]] . <ref name="5R">{{Cite web |title=Elevation of Mpigi,Uganda Elevation Map, Topography, Contour |url=https://www.floodmap.net/Elevation/ElevationMap/?gi=229024 |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=www.floodmap.net}}</ref> == obungi bw'abantu == Mu kubala abantu mu ggwanga mu mwaka gwa 2002, abantu mu kibuga ky'eMpigi baali emitwalo esatu mu enkumi nnya mu bina34,400. Ate mu mwaka gwa 2010, ekitongole kya Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) ekivunanyizibwa ku bibalo, kyabalirira nti omuwendo gw’abantu mu kibuga kino gwali mu mitwalo esatu mu kanaana mu mu bisatu 38,300. Mu mwaka gwa 2011, UBOS yabalirira nti omuwendo gw’abantu mu Mpigi gwali emitwalo esatu mu kanaana mu lunaana 38,800. <ref name="6R">https://web.archive.org/web/20140707231502/http://www.ubos.org/onlinefiles/uploads/ubos/pdf%20documents/TP52010.pdf</ref> Ate mu mwaka gwa 2014, okubala abantu mu ggwanga lyonna kwalaga nti omuwendo gw’abantu mu Mpigi gwalinya ku bantu emitwalo enna mu enkumisatu mu bisatu mu nkaaga 43,360. <ref name="7R">https://www.citypopulation.de/en/uganda/cities/</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2015, ekitongole kya UBOS kyabalirira nti abantu b’omu kibuga kino baali bali mu mitwalo enna mu enkumi nnya mu bibri 44,200. Mu mwaka gwa 2020, ekitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku bungi bw’abantu mu gwanga kyabalirira nti abantu b’e Mpigi mu makkati g’omwaka baali bakunukiriza emitwalo enna mu kenda mu bitano 49,500, nga ku bano abantu emitwalo ebiri mu enkumitaano mu bibri 25,200 (50.9 ku buli 100) baali bakyala ate 24,300 (49.1 ku buli 100) baali basajja. Ekitongole kya UBOS kyabalirira nti omuwendo gw’abantu mu Mpigi Town gwakula ku kigero kya wakati wa bitundu 2.29 ku buli 100 buli mwaka, wakati w'omwaka gwa 2015 ne 2020. <ref name="1R">https://www.citypopulation.de/en/uganda/central/admin/mpigi/SC0399__mpigi/</ref>   == Laba nabino byamugaso == Ebifo bino wammanga bisangibwa munda mu Mpigi oba okumpi n’ensalo zaakyo: <ref name="4R">https://www.google.com/maps/place/0%C2%B013'48.0%22N+32%C2%B019'48.0%22E/@0.2281596,32.3259667,1570m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d0.23!4d32.33</ref> 1. 1. . Ekitebe [[:en:Mpigi_District|ky’abaddukanya disitulikiti y’e Mpigi]] 2. 2..ofiisi za town councel y'ekibuga 3. 3. . Akatale ka Mpigi Central market 4. 4. . Kkooti y'omulamuzi omukulu e Mpigi 5. 5. . Mpigi Military Barracks, ekitongole ekitandikibwawo eggye lya [[:en:Uganda_People's_Defence_Force|Uganda People's Defence Force]] 6. 6. . Police Barracks e mpigi, nga yatekeebwawo ekitongole kya [[:en:Uganda_Police|Poliisi ya Uganda]] 7. 7. . Ekkomera e Mpigi nga lino lyatandikibwawo ekitongole ky’amakomera mu Uganda 8. . [[:en:Mpigi_Hospital|Mpigi Hospital]], eddwaliro ly'ebitanda 100 nga liddukanyizibwa [[:en:Uganda_Ministry_of_Health|minisitule y'ebyobulamu mu Uganda]] <ref name="8R">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/mpigi-health-unit-suspends-surgeries-over-water-crisis-1877148</ref> 9. 9. . [[:en:Kampala-Mpigi_Expressway|Oluguudo lwa Kampala-Mpigi Expressway]], oluguudo [[:en:Dual_carriageway|olusasulwa emirongooti]] ena wakati wa Kampala ne Mpigi, nga luzimbibwa, nga lusuubirwa okuggwa mu 2025. <ref>https://chimpreports.com/how-the-busega-mpigi-express-way-will-ease-transport-spur-economic-devt/</ref> == Engoma == Ekibuga kino kimanyiddwa nnyo ng'ekibuga ekikulu eky'amakolero g'engooma nga [[:en:Ngoma_drums|ngoma drums]] . Engoma zonna wano zikoleddwa n’emikono. <ref name="9R">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/drum-makers-decry-competition-3584626?view=htmlamp</ref> == Laba nabino == * [[:en:Mpigi_District|Disitulikiti y’e Mpigi]] * [[:en:Central_Region,_Uganda|Central Region, Uganda]] * [[:en:List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Uganda|Olukalala lw'ebibuga n'obubuga mu Uganda]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == [[Category:Mpigi (disitulikit)]] [[Category:Buganda]] 1cl0s2pncxflf2ep2ofrhl41k40nhg6 76259 76258 2026-10-10T10:03:54Z Thomas Eddie Irigei 11996 converted reference 76259 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement|official_name=Mpigi|other_name=|native_name=<!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->|nickname=|settlement_type=<!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)-->|motto=<!-- images and maps ----------->|image_skyline=Weather in Nakirebe Mpigi District.jpg|imagesize=|image_caption=|image_flag=|flag_size=|image_seal=|seal_size=|image_shield=|shield_size=|image_blank_emblem=|blank_emblem_type=|blank_emblem_size=|image_map=|mapsize=|map_caption=|image_map1=|mapsize1=|map_caption1=|image_dot_map=|dot_mapsize=|dot_map_caption=|dot_x=|dot_y=|pushpin_map=Uganda<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map -->|pushpin_label_position=bottom|pushpin_map_caption=Location in Uganda <!-- Location ------------------>|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name=[[File:Flag of Uganda.svg|25px]] [[Uganda]]|subdivision_type1=[[Regions of Uganda|Region]]|subdivision_name1=[[Central Region, Uganda|Central Uganda]]|subdivision_type2=[[Districts of Uganda|District]]|subdivision_name2=[[Mpigi District]]|subdivision_type3=|subdivision_name3=|subdivision_type4=|subdivision_name4=<!-- Politics ----------------->|government_footnotes=|government_type=|leader_title=[[Mayor]]|leader_name=|leader_title1=<!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->|leader_name1=|leader_title2=|leader_name2=|leader_title3=|leader_name3=|leader_title4=|leader_name4=|established_title=<!-- Settled -->|established_date=|established_title2=<!-- Incorporated (town) -->|established_date2=|established_title3=<!-- Incorporated (city) -->|established_date3=<!-- Area --------------------->|area_magnitude=|unit_pref=Imperial <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->|area_land_km2=<!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->|area_water_km2=|area_total_sq_mi=|area_land_sq_mi=|area_water_sq_mi=|area_water_percent=|area_urban_km2=|area_urban_sq_mi=|area_metro_km2=|area_metro_sq_mi=|area_blank1_title=|area_blank1_km2=|area_blank1_sq_mi=<!-- Population ----------------------->|population_as_of=2020 Estimate|population_footnotes=|population_note=|population_total=49500<ref name="1R"/>|population_density_km2=|population_density_sq_mi=|population_metro=|population_density_metro_km2=|population_density_metro_sq_mi=|population_urban=|population_density_urban_km2=|population_density_urban_sq_mi=|population_blank1_title=Ethnicities|population_blank1=|population_blank2_title=Religions|population_blank2=|population_density_blank1_km2=|population_density_blank1_sq_mi=<!-- General information --------------->|timezone=|utc_offset=|timezone_DST=|utc_offset_DST=|elevation_footnotes=<!--for references: use <ref> tags-->|elevation_m=1217|elevation_ft=<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->|postal_code_type=<!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->|postal_code=|area_code=|blank_name=|blank_info=|blank1_name=|blank1_info=|website=|footnotes=}}'''Ekibuga ky'Empigi kisangibwa''' mu ssaza ly'e Mawokota mu [[:en:Mpigi District|Disitulikiti y'e Mpigi]], mu [[:en:Central_Region,_Uganda|masekkati ga Uganda]] . Mpigi kitebe kya munisipaali, enzirukanya y’emirimu n’ebyobusuubuzi mu Disitulikiti eyo. Disitulikiti eno yatuumibwa erinnya ly’ekibuga lyennyini. <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |title=Mpigi Town Turns to Real Estate, Industrialization to Boost Development : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/mpigi-town-turns-to-real-estate-industrialization-to-boost-development- |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> == Ekifo wekisangibwa == Mpigi kibuga kikulu ekiyitamu abantu nga kisangibwa kilometres 40 (25 mi) mu bukiikaddyo bw’amaserengeta ga [[:en:Kampala|Kampala]], [[:en:Capital_city|ekibuga ekikulu e]]<nowiki/>kya [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] era nga kye kisinga obunene, ku [[:en:Kampala–Masaka_Road|luguudo lwa Kampala–Masaka]] . <ref name="3R">{{Cite web |title=Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Kampala/Mpigi/@0.2974353,32.400134,11z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x177dbc0f9d74b39b:0x4538903dd96b6fec!2m2!1d32.5825197!2d0.3475964!1m5!1m1!1s0x177d750f28c294df:0x8f8fd279a8b29d41!2m2!1d32.3249236!2d0.2273528!3e0?hl=en |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Google Maps |language=en}}</ref> Ekibuga Mpigi we kiri kigifuula ekifo eky'okuyingirira mu disitulikitie z'enjawu kuli [[:en:Mpigi_District|Mpigi]], [[:en:Wakiso_District|Wakiso]], [[:en:Butambala_District|Butambala]], [[:en:Gomba_District|Gomba]], [[:en:Mityana_District|Mityana]], [[:en:Kalungu_District|Kalungu]] ne [[:en:Kalangala_District|Kalangala]], nga bayita ku myalo egyenjawulo okukka ku lubalama [[:en:Lake_Victoria|lw'ennyanja Victoria]] . Ku lusozi Mbale olusangibwa munda mu kibuga mukibuga kino, okusibuka omu ku bakatonda b'ennono abamanyiddwa ennyo mu [[:en:Buganda|Buganda]] ; Kibuuka Omumbaale. kulusozi luno kwe kuli embuga y'ab'ekika ky'e "Ndiga" (endiga). Endagiriro y'ekibuga ku maapu eri 0°13'48.0"N 32°19'48.0"E (Latitude:0.2300, Longitude:32.3300). <ref name="4R">https://www.google.com/maps/place/0%C2%B013'48.0%22N+32%C2%B019'48.0%22E/@0.2281596,32.3259667,1570m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d0.23!4d32.33</ref> Mpigi Town Council etudde ku buwanvu bwa 1,217 metres (3,993 ft) waggulu [[:en:Mean_sea_level|w’obugulumivu bw’ennyanja obutereevu]] . <ref name="5R">{{Cite web |title=Elevation of Mpigi,Uganda Elevation Map, Topography, Contour |url=https://www.floodmap.net/Elevation/ElevationMap/?gi=229024 |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=www.floodmap.net}}</ref> == obungi bw'abantu == Mu kubala abantu mu ggwanga mu mwaka gwa 2002, abantu mu kibuga ky'eMpigi baali emitwalo esatu mu enkumi nnya mu bina34,400. Ate mu mwaka gwa 2010, ekitongole kya Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) ekivunanyizibwa ku bibalo, kyabalirira nti omuwendo gw’abantu mu kibuga kino gwali mu mitwalo esatu mu kanaana mu mu bisatu 38,300. Mu mwaka gwa 2011, UBOS yabalirira nti omuwendo gw’abantu mu Mpigi gwali emitwalo esatu mu kanaana mu lunaana 38,800. <ref name="6R">https://web.archive.org/web/20140707231502/http://www.ubos.org/onlinefiles/uploads/ubos/pdf%20documents/TP52010.pdf</ref> Ate mu mwaka gwa 2014, okubala abantu mu ggwanga lyonna kwalaga nti omuwendo gw’abantu mu Mpigi gwalinya ku bantu emitwalo enna mu enkumisatu mu bisatu mu nkaaga 43,360. <ref name="7R">https://www.citypopulation.de/en/uganda/cities/</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2015, ekitongole kya UBOS kyabalirira nti abantu b’omu kibuga kino baali bali mu mitwalo enna mu enkumi nnya mu bibri 44,200. Mu mwaka gwa 2020, ekitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku bungi bw’abantu mu gwanga kyabalirira nti abantu b’e Mpigi mu makkati g’omwaka baali bakunukiriza emitwalo enna mu kenda mu bitano 49,500, nga ku bano abantu emitwalo ebiri mu enkumitaano mu bibri 25,200 (50.9 ku buli 100) baali bakyala ate 24,300 (49.1 ku buli 100) baali basajja. Ekitongole kya UBOS kyabalirira nti omuwendo gw’abantu mu Mpigi Town gwakula ku kigero kya wakati wa bitundu 2.29 ku buli 100 buli mwaka, wakati w'omwaka gwa 2015 ne 2020. <ref name="1R">https://www.citypopulation.de/en/uganda/central/admin/mpigi/SC0399__mpigi/</ref>   == Laba nabino byamugaso == Ebifo bino wammanga bisangibwa munda mu Mpigi oba okumpi n’ensalo zaakyo: <ref name="4R">https://www.google.com/maps/place/0%C2%B013'48.0%22N+32%C2%B019'48.0%22E/@0.2281596,32.3259667,1570m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d0.23!4d32.33</ref> 1. 1. . Ekitebe [[:en:Mpigi_District|ky’abaddukanya disitulikiti y’e Mpigi]] 2. 2..ofiisi za town councel y'ekibuga 3. 3. . Akatale ka Mpigi Central market 4. 4. . Kkooti y'omulamuzi omukulu e Mpigi 5. 5. . Mpigi Military Barracks, ekitongole ekitandikibwawo eggye lya [[:en:Uganda_People's_Defence_Force|Uganda People's Defence Force]] 6. 6. . Police Barracks e mpigi, nga yatekeebwawo ekitongole kya [[:en:Uganda_Police|Poliisi ya Uganda]] 7. 7. . Ekkomera e Mpigi nga lino lyatandikibwawo ekitongole ky’amakomera mu Uganda 8. . [[:en:Mpigi_Hospital|Mpigi Hospital]], eddwaliro ly'ebitanda 100 nga liddukanyizibwa [[:en:Uganda_Ministry_of_Health|minisitule y'ebyobulamu mu Uganda]] <ref name="8R">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/mpigi-health-unit-suspends-surgeries-over-water-crisis-1877148</ref> 9. 9. . [[:en:Kampala-Mpigi_Expressway|Oluguudo lwa Kampala-Mpigi Expressway]], oluguudo [[:en:Dual_carriageway|olusasulwa emirongooti]] ena wakati wa Kampala ne Mpigi, nga luzimbibwa, nga lusuubirwa okuggwa mu 2025. <ref>https://chimpreports.com/how-the-busega-mpigi-express-way-will-ease-transport-spur-economic-devt/</ref> == Engoma == Ekibuga kino kimanyiddwa nnyo ng'ekibuga ekikulu eky'amakolero g'engooma nga [[:en:Ngoma_drums|ngoma drums]] . Engoma zonna wano zikoleddwa n’emikono. <ref name="9R">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/drum-makers-decry-competition-3584626?view=htmlamp</ref> == Laba nabino == * [[:en:Mpigi_District|Disitulikiti y’e Mpigi]] * [[:en:Central_Region,_Uganda|Central Region, Uganda]] * [[:en:List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Uganda|Olukalala lw'ebibuga n'obubuga mu Uganda]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == [[Category:Mpigi (disitulikit)]] [[Category:Buganda]] ggv289te1u5amydzpiah7hp9slhjvyr 76260 76259 2026-10-10T10:04:28Z Thomas Eddie Irigei 11996 converted reference 76260 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement|official_name=Mpigi|other_name=|native_name=<!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->|nickname=|settlement_type=<!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)-->|motto=<!-- images and maps ----------->|image_skyline=Weather in Nakirebe Mpigi District.jpg|imagesize=|image_caption=|image_flag=|flag_size=|image_seal=|seal_size=|image_shield=|shield_size=|image_blank_emblem=|blank_emblem_type=|blank_emblem_size=|image_map=|mapsize=|map_caption=|image_map1=|mapsize1=|map_caption1=|image_dot_map=|dot_mapsize=|dot_map_caption=|dot_x=|dot_y=|pushpin_map=Uganda<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map -->|pushpin_label_position=bottom|pushpin_map_caption=Location in Uganda <!-- Location ------------------>|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name=[[File:Flag of Uganda.svg|25px]] [[Uganda]]|subdivision_type1=[[Regions of Uganda|Region]]|subdivision_name1=[[Central Region, Uganda|Central Uganda]]|subdivision_type2=[[Districts of Uganda|District]]|subdivision_name2=[[Mpigi District]]|subdivision_type3=|subdivision_name3=|subdivision_type4=|subdivision_name4=<!-- Politics ----------------->|government_footnotes=|government_type=|leader_title=[[Mayor]]|leader_name=|leader_title1=<!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->|leader_name1=|leader_title2=|leader_name2=|leader_title3=|leader_name3=|leader_title4=|leader_name4=|established_title=<!-- Settled -->|established_date=|established_title2=<!-- Incorporated (town) -->|established_date2=|established_title3=<!-- Incorporated (city) -->|established_date3=<!-- Area --------------------->|area_magnitude=|unit_pref=Imperial <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->|area_land_km2=<!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->|area_water_km2=|area_total_sq_mi=|area_land_sq_mi=|area_water_sq_mi=|area_water_percent=|area_urban_km2=|area_urban_sq_mi=|area_metro_km2=|area_metro_sq_mi=|area_blank1_title=|area_blank1_km2=|area_blank1_sq_mi=<!-- Population ----------------------->|population_as_of=2020 Estimate|population_footnotes=|population_note=|population_total=49500<ref name="1R"/>|population_density_km2=|population_density_sq_mi=|population_metro=|population_density_metro_km2=|population_density_metro_sq_mi=|population_urban=|population_density_urban_km2=|population_density_urban_sq_mi=|population_blank1_title=Ethnicities|population_blank1=|population_blank2_title=Religions|population_blank2=|population_density_blank1_km2=|population_density_blank1_sq_mi=<!-- General information --------------->|timezone=|utc_offset=|timezone_DST=|utc_offset_DST=|elevation_footnotes=<!--for references: use <ref> tags-->|elevation_m=1217|elevation_ft=<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->|postal_code_type=<!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->|postal_code=|area_code=|blank_name=|blank_info=|blank1_name=|blank1_info=|website=|footnotes=}}'''Ekibuga ky'Empigi kisangibwa''' mu ssaza ly'e Mawokota mu [[:en:Mpigi District|Disitulikiti y'e Mpigi]], mu [[:en:Central_Region,_Uganda|masekkati ga Uganda]] . Mpigi kitebe kya munisipaali, enzirukanya y’emirimu n’ebyobusuubuzi mu Disitulikiti eyo. Disitulikiti eno yatuumibwa erinnya ly’ekibuga lyennyini. <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |title=Mpigi Town Turns to Real Estate, Industrialization to Boost Development : |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/mpigi-town-turns-to-real-estate-industrialization-to-boost-development- |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Uganda Radionetwork |language=en}}</ref> == Ekifo wekisangibwa == Mpigi kibuga kikulu ekiyitamu abantu nga kisangibwa kilometres 40 (25 mi) mu bukiikaddyo bw’amaserengeta ga [[:en:Kampala|Kampala]], [[:en:Capital_city|ekibuga ekikulu e]]<nowiki/>kya [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] era nga kye kisinga obunene, ku [[:en:Kampala–Masaka_Road|luguudo lwa Kampala–Masaka]] . <ref name="3R">{{Cite web |title=Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Kampala/Mpigi/@0.2974353,32.400134,11z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x177dbc0f9d74b39b:0x4538903dd96b6fec!2m2!1d32.5825197!2d0.3475964!1m5!1m1!1s0x177d750f28c294df:0x8f8fd279a8b29d41!2m2!1d32.3249236!2d0.2273528!3e0?hl=en |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Google Maps |language=en}}</ref> Ekibuga Mpigi we kiri kigifuula ekifo eky'okuyingirira mu disitulikitie z'enjawu kuli [[:en:Mpigi_District|Mpigi]], [[:en:Wakiso_District|Wakiso]], [[:en:Butambala_District|Butambala]], [[:en:Gomba_District|Gomba]], [[:en:Mityana_District|Mityana]], [[:en:Kalungu_District|Kalungu]] ne [[:en:Kalangala_District|Kalangala]], nga bayita ku myalo egyenjawulo okukka ku lubalama [[:en:Lake_Victoria|lw'ennyanja Victoria]] . Ku lusozi Mbale olusangibwa munda mu kibuga mukibuga kino, okusibuka omu ku bakatonda b'ennono abamanyiddwa ennyo mu [[:en:Buganda|Buganda]] ; Kibuuka Omumbaale. kulusozi luno kwe kuli embuga y'ab'ekika ky'e "Ndiga" (endiga). Endagiriro y'ekibuga ku maapu eri 0°13'48.0"N 32°19'48.0"E (Latitude:0.2300, Longitude:32.3300). <ref name="4R">{{Cite web |title=Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/0%C2%B013%2748.0%22N+32%C2%B019%2748.0%22E/@0.2281596,32.3259667,1570m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d0.23!4d32.33?hl=en |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Google Maps |language=en}}</ref> Mpigi Town Council etudde ku buwanvu bwa 1,217 metres (3,993 ft) waggulu [[:en:Mean_sea_level|w’obugulumivu bw’ennyanja obutereevu]] . <ref name="5R">{{Cite web |title=Elevation of Mpigi,Uganda Elevation Map, Topography, Contour |url=https://www.floodmap.net/Elevation/ElevationMap/?gi=229024 |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=www.floodmap.net}}</ref> == obungi bw'abantu == Mu kubala abantu mu ggwanga mu mwaka gwa 2002, abantu mu kibuga ky'eMpigi baali emitwalo esatu mu enkumi nnya mu bina34,400. Ate mu mwaka gwa 2010, ekitongole kya Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) ekivunanyizibwa ku bibalo, kyabalirira nti omuwendo gw’abantu mu kibuga kino gwali mu mitwalo esatu mu kanaana mu mu bisatu 38,300. Mu mwaka gwa 2011, UBOS yabalirira nti omuwendo gw’abantu mu Mpigi gwali emitwalo esatu mu kanaana mu lunaana 38,800. <ref name="6R">https://web.archive.org/web/20140707231502/http://www.ubos.org/onlinefiles/uploads/ubos/pdf%20documents/TP52010.pdf</ref> Ate mu mwaka gwa 2014, okubala abantu mu ggwanga lyonna kwalaga nti omuwendo gw’abantu mu Mpigi gwalinya ku bantu emitwalo enna mu enkumisatu mu bisatu mu nkaaga 43,360. <ref name="7R">https://www.citypopulation.de/en/uganda/cities/</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2015, ekitongole kya UBOS kyabalirira nti abantu b’omu kibuga kino baali bali mu mitwalo enna mu enkumi nnya mu bibri 44,200. Mu mwaka gwa 2020, ekitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku bungi bw’abantu mu gwanga kyabalirira nti abantu b’e Mpigi mu makkati g’omwaka baali bakunukiriza emitwalo enna mu kenda mu bitano 49,500, nga ku bano abantu emitwalo ebiri mu enkumitaano mu bibri 25,200 (50.9 ku buli 100) baali bakyala ate 24,300 (49.1 ku buli 100) baali basajja. Ekitongole kya UBOS kyabalirira nti omuwendo gw’abantu mu Mpigi Town gwakula ku kigero kya wakati wa bitundu 2.29 ku buli 100 buli mwaka, wakati w'omwaka gwa 2015 ne 2020. <ref name="1R">https://www.citypopulation.de/en/uganda/central/admin/mpigi/SC0399__mpigi/</ref>   == Laba nabino byamugaso == Ebifo bino wammanga bisangibwa munda mu Mpigi oba okumpi n’ensalo zaakyo: <ref name="4R">https://www.google.com/maps/place/0%C2%B013'48.0%22N+32%C2%B019'48.0%22E/@0.2281596,32.3259667,1570m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d0.23!4d32.33</ref> 1. 1. . Ekitebe [[:en:Mpigi_District|ky’abaddukanya disitulikiti y’e Mpigi]] 2. 2..ofiisi za town councel y'ekibuga 3. 3. . Akatale ka Mpigi Central market 4. 4. . Kkooti y'omulamuzi omukulu e Mpigi 5. 5. . Mpigi Military Barracks, ekitongole ekitandikibwawo eggye lya [[:en:Uganda_People's_Defence_Force|Uganda People's Defence Force]] 6. 6. . Police Barracks e mpigi, nga yatekeebwawo ekitongole kya [[:en:Uganda_Police|Poliisi ya Uganda]] 7. 7. . Ekkomera e Mpigi nga lino lyatandikibwawo ekitongole ky’amakomera mu Uganda 8. . [[:en:Mpigi_Hospital|Mpigi Hospital]], eddwaliro ly'ebitanda 100 nga liddukanyizibwa [[:en:Uganda_Ministry_of_Health|minisitule y'ebyobulamu mu Uganda]] <ref name="8R">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/mpigi-health-unit-suspends-surgeries-over-water-crisis-1877148</ref> 9. 9. . [[:en:Kampala-Mpigi_Expressway|Oluguudo lwa Kampala-Mpigi Expressway]], oluguudo [[:en:Dual_carriageway|olusasulwa emirongooti]] ena wakati wa Kampala ne Mpigi, nga luzimbibwa, nga lusuubirwa okuggwa mu 2025. <ref>https://chimpreports.com/how-the-busega-mpigi-express-way-will-ease-transport-spur-economic-devt/</ref> == Engoma == Ekibuga kino kimanyiddwa nnyo ng'ekibuga ekikulu eky'amakolero g'engooma nga [[:en:Ngoma_drums|ngoma drums]] . Engoma zonna wano zikoleddwa n’emikono. <ref name="9R">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/drum-makers-decry-competition-3584626?view=htmlamp</ref> == Laba nabino == * [[:en:Mpigi_District|Disitulikiti y’e Mpigi]] * [[:en:Central_Region,_Uganda|Central Region, Uganda]] * [[:en:List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Uganda|Olukalala lw'ebibuga n'obubuga mu Uganda]] == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == [[Category:Mpigi (disitulikit)]] [[Category:Buganda]] g6q9w0e5hn1ssms7vafu3tms7mqeabs 0 11288 76254 69894 2026-10-10T10:00:57Z Thomas Eddie Irigei 11996 converted reference 76254 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Frederick Martin Stephen Egonda-Ntende''' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Frederick Martin Stephen Egonda-Ntende |url=https://www.hhh.umn.edu/directory/frederick-martin-stephen-egonda-ntende |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs |language=en}}</ref> [[:en:Judge|mulamuzi]] [[:en:Uganda|Munnayuganda]] akola nga Omulamuzi wa [[:en:Court_of_Appeal_of_Uganda|Kkooti ejulirwamu eya Uganda]], ekola emirundi ebiri nga kkooti ya Ssemateeka wa Uganda. <ref name="One">http://www.judiciary.go.ug/data/smenu/77//Court%20of%20Appeal.html</ref> <ref name="Two">http://www.judiciary.go.ug/data/incourt/18/The%20Honorable%20Justices%20of%20the%20Court%20of%20Appeal%20.html</ref> Nga tannakola ekyo, okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2014, yaweereza nga [[:en:Chief_Justice_of_the_Seychelles|Ssaabalamuzi wa Seychelles]] . Yalayizibwa ku bwa [[:en:Chief_Justice|Ssaabalamuzi]] ku Lwokutaano nga 21 Ogwomunaana, 2009 mu maka g'obwa Pulezidenti aga [[:en:State_House_(Seychelles)|State House]] mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Seychelles ekya [[:en:Victoria,_Seychelles|Victoria]] . Ekyo nga tannakikola yaweerezaako ng'omulamuzi wa [[:en:Supreme_Court_of_Uganda|Kkooti ensukkulumu mu Uganda]] . Era yetaba mu kuteekateeka ekitongole ekiramuzi eky'etongodde mu [[:en:East_Timor|East Timor]], gye yaweereza ng'omulamuzi wa [[:en:Court_of_Appeal|Kkooti ejulirwamu]] . Egonda-Ntende yasomesa amateeka mu [[:en:Makerere_University|Ssettendekero wa Makerere]] mu Uganda era nga yali ssentebe w'akakiiko akagaba lipoota ku mateeka mu kitongole [[:en:Judiciary_of_Uganda|ekiramuzi mu Uganda]] . Era alina obumanyirivu bungi mu kukwasaganya ensonga z’okukukusa ebiragalalagala ng’akola ng’omulamuzi mu kitongole ky’amawanga amagatte e [[:en:Kosovo|Kosovo]] ( [[:en:UNMIK|UNMIK]] ). <ref>http://www.eturbonews.com/11196/seychelles-swears-ugandan-frederick-egonda-ntende-new-chief-just</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}}   [[Category:Abalamuzi ba Uganda]] jbmyib2i3l3dup1kt55vmmgxm6lldd6 76255 76254 2026-10-10T10:01:23Z Thomas Eddie Irigei 11996 converted reference 76255 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Frederick Martin Stephen Egonda-Ntende''' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Frederick Martin Stephen Egonda-Ntende |url=https://www.hhh.umn.edu/directory/frederick-martin-stephen-egonda-ntende |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs |language=en}}</ref> [[:en:Judge|mulamuzi]] [[:en:Uganda|Munnayuganda]] akola nga Omulamuzi wa [[:en:Court_of_Appeal_of_Uganda|Kkooti ejulirwamu eya Uganda]], ekola emirundi ebiri nga kkooti ya Ssemateeka wa Uganda. <ref name="One">{{Cite web |title=Court of Appeal |url=http://www.judiciary.go.ug/data/smenu/77//Court%20of%20Appeal.html |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=www.judiciary.go.ug}}</ref> <ref name="Two">http://www.judiciary.go.ug/data/incourt/18/The%20Honorable%20Justices%20of%20the%20Court%20of%20Appeal%20.html</ref> Nga tannakola ekyo, okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2014, yaweereza nga [[:en:Chief_Justice_of_the_Seychelles|Ssaabalamuzi wa Seychelles]] . Yalayizibwa ku bwa [[:en:Chief_Justice|Ssaabalamuzi]] ku Lwokutaano nga 21 Ogwomunaana, 2009 mu maka g'obwa Pulezidenti aga [[:en:State_House_(Seychelles)|State House]] mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Seychelles ekya [[:en:Victoria,_Seychelles|Victoria]] . Ekyo nga tannakikola yaweerezaako ng'omulamuzi wa [[:en:Supreme_Court_of_Uganda|Kkooti ensukkulumu mu Uganda]] . Era yetaba mu kuteekateeka ekitongole ekiramuzi eky'etongodde mu [[:en:East_Timor|East Timor]], gye yaweereza ng'omulamuzi wa [[:en:Court_of_Appeal|Kkooti ejulirwamu]] . Egonda-Ntende yasomesa amateeka mu [[:en:Makerere_University|Ssettendekero wa Makerere]] mu Uganda era nga yali ssentebe w'akakiiko akagaba lipoota ku mateeka mu kitongole [[:en:Judiciary_of_Uganda|ekiramuzi mu Uganda]] . Era alina obumanyirivu bungi mu kukwasaganya ensonga z’okukukusa ebiragalalagala ng’akola ng’omulamuzi mu kitongole ky’amawanga amagatte e [[:en:Kosovo|Kosovo]] ( [[:en:UNMIK|UNMIK]] ). <ref>http://www.eturbonews.com/11196/seychelles-swears-ugandan-frederick-egonda-ntende-new-chief-just</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}}   [[Category:Abalamuzi ba Uganda]] 3q4f67gtkg4tdadvntoentox2enb77r 76256 76255 2026-10-10T10:01:43Z Thomas Eddie Irigei 11996 converted reference 76256 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Frederick Martin Stephen Egonda-Ntende''' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Frederick Martin Stephen Egonda-Ntende |url=https://www.hhh.umn.edu/directory/frederick-martin-stephen-egonda-ntende |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs |language=en}}</ref> [[:en:Judge|mulamuzi]] [[:en:Uganda|Munnayuganda]] akola nga Omulamuzi wa [[:en:Court_of_Appeal_of_Uganda|Kkooti ejulirwamu eya Uganda]], ekola emirundi ebiri nga kkooti ya Ssemateeka wa Uganda. <ref name="One">{{Cite web |title=Court of Appeal |url=http://www.judiciary.go.ug/data/smenu/77//Court%20of%20Appeal.html |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=www.judiciary.go.ug}}</ref> <ref name="Two">{{Cite web |title=Judiciary: The Republic of Uganda |url=http://www.judiciary.go.ug/data/incourt/18/The%20Honorable%20Justices%20of%20the%20Court%20of%20Appeal%20.html |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=www.judiciary.go.ug}}</ref> Nga tannakola ekyo, okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2014, yaweereza nga [[:en:Chief_Justice_of_the_Seychelles|Ssaabalamuzi wa Seychelles]] . Yalayizibwa ku bwa [[:en:Chief_Justice|Ssaabalamuzi]] ku Lwokutaano nga 21 Ogwomunaana, 2009 mu maka g'obwa Pulezidenti aga [[:en:State_House_(Seychelles)|State House]] mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Seychelles ekya [[:en:Victoria,_Seychelles|Victoria]] . Ekyo nga tannakikola yaweerezaako ng'omulamuzi wa [[:en:Supreme_Court_of_Uganda|Kkooti ensukkulumu mu Uganda]] . Era yetaba mu kuteekateeka ekitongole ekiramuzi eky'etongodde mu [[:en:East_Timor|East Timor]], gye yaweereza ng'omulamuzi wa [[:en:Court_of_Appeal|Kkooti ejulirwamu]] . Egonda-Ntende yasomesa amateeka mu [[:en:Makerere_University|Ssettendekero wa Makerere]] mu Uganda era nga yali ssentebe w'akakiiko akagaba lipoota ku mateeka mu kitongole [[:en:Judiciary_of_Uganda|ekiramuzi mu Uganda]] . Era alina obumanyirivu bungi mu kukwasaganya ensonga z’okukukusa ebiragalalagala ng’akola ng’omulamuzi mu kitongole ky’amawanga amagatte e [[:en:Kosovo|Kosovo]] ( [[:en:UNMIK|UNMIK]] ). <ref>http://www.eturbonews.com/11196/seychelles-swears-ugandan-frederick-egonda-ntende-new-chief-just</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}}   [[Category:Abalamuzi ba Uganda]] si32f8p6tzr77mt2dppks2b6w0gpgw1 0 11300 76225 76124 2026-10-09T22:57:37Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 76225 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Arthur Kaluma''' (yazaalibwa 1 Ogwokusatu, 2002) muzannyi wa nsero omumerika alina obutuuze e Uganda. Yazannyirako mu ttiimu [[:en:Texas_Longhorns_men's_basketball|ya Texas Longhorns]] mu mpaka z'ensero ezamatendekero agawaggulu. Ono era yazannyirako mu ttiimu ya [[:en:Kansas_State_Wildcats_men's_basketball|Kansas State Wildcats]] kwossa ne [[:en:Creighton_Bluejays_men's_basketball|Creighton Bluejays]] . == Obuto bwe == Kaluma yakulira mu [[:en:Irving,_Texas|kibuga Irving mu ssaza Texas]] era okusoma yakutandikira ku Universal Academy. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://arizonastate.rivals.com/news/four-star-power-forward-arthur-kaluma-enjoys-the-familiarity-with-asu |access-date=2025-07-29 |archive-date=2024-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213145914/https://arizonastate.rivals.com/news/four-star-power-forward-arthur-kaluma-enjoys-the-familiarity-with-asu |url-status=dead }}</ref> Oluvannyuma yadda ku Dream City Christian School e [[:en:Glendale,_Arizona|Glendale mu ssaza Arizona]] nga ali mu mwaka gwe ogw’okubiri mu siniya. <ref>https://www.azcentral.com/story/sports/high-school/2019/07/17/4-star-2021-recruit-arthur-kaluma-announces-dream-city-commitment/1760354001/</ref> Mu budde obwo Kaluma yali ku mutendera gwazannyi ab'olesa omutindo ogusukkulumye kugwa bulijjo era muntandikwa yali assiza omukono kundagaano okuzannyira kiraabu ya University of Nevada eyitibwa [[:en:UNLV_Runnin'_Rebels_basketball|UNLV]] ku mutendera gwempaka z'amatendekero mu Amerika wabula oluvannyuma lw'omutendesi [[:en:T._J._Otzelberger|TJ Otzelberger]] okuva ku UNLV endagaano ya Kaluma yasazibwamu . <ref>https://lasvegassun.com/news/2021/apr/27/unlv-basketball-loses-top-recruit-arthur-kaluma/</ref> Wadde nga kiraabu nga [[:en:Arizona_Wildcats_men's_basketball|Arizona]], [[:en:Western_Kentucky_Hilltoppers_basketball|Western Kentucky]], ne [[:en:Syracuse_Orange_men's_basketball|Syracuse]] zaali zimwegwanyiza, yasalawo azannyire [[:en:Creighton_Bluejays_men's_basketball|Creighton]]. == Nga omuzannyi ku mutendera gwamatendekero == Kaluma nga yakegatta ku Creighton yali omu ku bandika emizannyo gya kiraabu eno era mu sizoni eyo okutwaliza awamu yakolanga obugoba 10.4 wamu ne rebounds 5.4 buli muzannyo. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://omaha.com/sports/college/creighton/is-arthur-kaluma-creightons-next-nba-draft-pick/article_aaa26a8c-f604-11ec-b7f1-df0cacc235ca.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028154308/https://omaha.com/sports/college/creighton/is-arthur-kaluma-creightons-next-nba-draft-pick/article_aaa26a8c-f604-11ec-b7f1-df0cacc235ca.html |archive-date=2022-10-28 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Mu sizoni eyaddako, Kaluma yali ku lukalala okuva omuzannyi awangula [[:en:Karl_Malone_Award|engule ya Karl Malone]] . <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kmaland.com/sports/creightons-kaluma-iowas-murray-on-karl-malone-award-watch-list/article_f62b9e56-563a-11ed-b2a4-aba1c61f13f6.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213153512/https://www.kmaland.com/sports/creightons-kaluma-iowas-murray-on-karl-malone-award-watch-list/article_f62b9e56-563a-11ed-b2a4-aba1c61f13f6.html |archive-date=2024-12-13 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Okutwaliza awamu ebibalo byalaga nti mu sizoni eyo yali akola obugoba11.8, rebounds mukaaga, n'okuyamba banne okuteeba emirundi 1.6 buli muzannyo. <ref>https://www.si.com/college/gonzaga/basketball/creightons-arthur-kaluma-an-intriguing-option-for-gonzaga-in-transfer-portal</ref> Oluvannyuma lwa sizoni, Kaluma yalangirira okuzannya mu 2023 NBA draft omuva abazannyi abasunsulwa okuzannyira mu liigi enkulu. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://omaha.com/sports/college/creighton/creightons-arthur-kaluma-declares-for-nba-draft/article_26b7f780-d89b-11ed-8a88-3b5c63063bc0.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623222951/https://omaha.com/sports/college/creighton/creightons-arthur-kaluma-declares-for-nba-draft/article_26b7f780-d89b-11ed-8a88-3b5c63063bc0.html |archive-date=2023-06-23 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Oluvannyuma era yayingira akatale kabazannyi aka NCAA era erinnga lye naligya mu NBA draft. <ref>https://tucson.com/sports/arizonawildcats/basketball/pascoe/former-arizona-recruiting-target-arthur-kaluma-of-creighton-to-enter-transfer-portal/article_6d0a355e-ef89-11ed-b6a3-33f6800c9a03.html</ref> <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESPN.com</ref> Kaluma yegatta ku [[:en:Kansas_State_Wildcats_men's_basketball|Kansas State]] . <ref>https://www.cbssports.com/college-basketball/news/arthur-kaluma-commits-to-kansas-state-ex-creighton-star-gives-wildcats-another-huge-transfer/</ref> Mu Kansas State, ebibalo bya Kaluma byali; obugoba 14.4, rebounds 7.0, n'okuyamba banne okuteena emirundi 2.0 mu buli ddakiika 34.5 buli muzannyo gw'ensero. Sizoni bwe yaggwaako, Kaluma yegatta ku [[:en:Texas_Longhorns_men's_basketball|Texas]] . Ku Texas, Kaluma okutwaliza awamu yateebanga obugoba 12.2, rebounds 7.5, okuyamba banne okuteeba emirundi 1.8 mu buli ddakiika 30.0 ez'ensero. == Ku kiraabu enkulu == Oluvannyuma lw’obutaba mu [[:en:2025_NBA_draft|2025 NBA draft]], Kaluma yegatta ku [[:en:Los_Angeles_Lakers|Los Angeles Lakers]] nga omuzannyi atalina kiraabu mwava . <ref>https://thedailytexan.com/2025/06/29/former-texas-big-man-arthur-kaluma-signs-with-los-angeles-lakers-as-undrafted-free-agent/</ref> == Ku ttiimu y’eggwanga == Kaluma yafuna obutuuze bwa Uganda mu 2020 era nazannyira [[:en:Uganda_men's_national_basketball_team|ttiimu y'eggwanga ey'abasajja ezannya ensero]] mu [[:en:AfroBasket_2021|mpaka za AfroBasket 2021]] . <ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/basketball/kaluma-announces-arrival-by-sending-uganda-to-afrobasket-championship-3466962</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://omaha.com/sports/college/creighton/creightons-arthur-kaluma-gets-kudos-from-nba-coach-for-performance-with-uganda/article_8f07991c-0a75-11ec-8e8d-5be4a2f504dd.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241214170055/https://omaha.com/sports/college/creighton/creightons-arthur-kaluma-gets-kudos-from-nba-coach-for-performance-with-uganda/article_8f07991c-0a75-11ec-8e8d-5be4a2f504dd.html |archive-date=2024-12-14 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Kaluma era yali ttiimu eyazannya mu mpaka z'okusunsula amawanga agali ag'okuzannya mu mpaka z'ensi yonna eza [[:en:2023_FIBA_Basketball_World_Cup_qualification_(Africa)|FIBA Basketball World Cup 2023]] . <ref>https://www.fiba.basketball/afrobasket/2021/news/ugandan-brothers-making-waves-at-afrobasket-2021-under-watchful-eye-of-mother-saira-ariko</ref> == Ebirala == Kaluma ayina Mugandawe Adam Seiko era naye muzannyi wa nsero ku kiraabu ya San Diego State. Ab'oluganda bano basisinkanako mu [[:en:2023_NCAA_Division_I_men's_basketball_tournament|mpaka za Elite Eight eza NCAA mu 2023]] . <ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/26/sports/ncaabasketball/creighton-san-diego-state-brothers.html</ref> == Ebijuliziddwa == dr83kxrhfhgki7xnhpi8zh9gsot04fq 0 11512 76282 40374 2026-10-10T11:17:17Z Waisman12 12007 76282 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jitendra Patel''' (yazaalibwa 26 Ogwekkuminogumu 1945) nzaalwa ya Uganda eyali [[:en:Cricketer|omuzannyi wa cricket]] era nga yazannyira [[:en:Canadian_cricket_team|ttiimu ya cricket eya Canada]] . <ref name="Bio">http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/23782.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jitendra Patel Profile, Career Records, Jitendra Patel T20, ODI, IPL, Test Stats, Jitendra Patel News |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/live-score/cricket/jitendra-patel-profile-2326 |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> Muteebi w'omukono ogwa kkono era muwuwuttanyi wa kkono owa Orthodox, Patel yazannya emipiira esatu [[:en:One_Day_International|egy'ensi yonna egy'olunaku olumu]] mu [[:en:1979_cricket_World_Cup|World Cup ya 1979]], era nga kw'otadde n'okukiikirira eggwanga mu mpaka za [[:en:1979_ICC_Trophy|ICC Trophy eza 1979]] . <ref>http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Players/1/1607/1607.html</ref> pi14avx3ao1wdbi2wieez7sryon184e 76283 76282 2026-10-10T11:19:44Z Waisman12 12007 76283 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jitendra Patel''' (yazaalibwa 26 Ogwekkuminogumu 1945) nzaalwa ya Uganda eyali [[:en:Cricketer|omuzannyi wa cricket]] era nga yazannyira [[:en:Canadian_cricket_team|ttiimu ya cricket eya Canada]] . <ref name="Bio">{{Cite web |title=Jitendra Patel Profile, Career Records, Jitendra Patel T20, ODI, IPL, Test Stats, Jitendra Patel News |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/live-score/cricket/jitendra-patel-profile-2326 |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jitendra Patel Profile, Career Records, Jitendra Patel T20, ODI, IPL, Test Stats, Jitendra Patel News |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/live-score/cricket/jitendra-patel-profile-2326 |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> Muteebi w'omukono ogwa kkono era muwuwuttanyi wa kkono owa Orthodox, Patel yazannya emipiira esatu [[:en:One_Day_International|egy'ensi yonna egy'olunaku olumu]] mu [[:en:1979_cricket_World_Cup|World Cup ya 1979]], era nga kw'otadde n'okukiikirira eggwanga mu mpaka za [[:en:1979_ICC_Trophy|ICC Trophy eza 1979]] . <ref>http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Players/1/1607/1607.html</ref> 46by34zdkabo92a91o8mrgie9j893gv 76284 76283 2026-10-10T11:24:40Z Waisman12 12007 76284 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jitendra Patel''' (yazaalibwa 26 Ogwekkuminogumu 1945) nzaalwa ya Uganda eyali [[:en:Cricketer|omuzannyi wa cricket]] era nga yazannyira [[:en:Canadian_cricket_team|ttiimu ya cricket eya Canada]] . <ref name="Bio">{{Cite web |title=Jitendra Patel Profile, Career Records, Jitendra Patel T20, ODI, IPL, Test Stats, Jitendra Patel News |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/live-score/cricket/jitendra-patel-profile-2326 |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jitendra Patel Profile, Career Records, Jitendra Patel T20, ODI, IPL, Test Stats, Jitendra Patel News |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/live-score/cricket/jitendra-patel-profile-2326 |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref> Muteebi w'omukono ogwa kkono era muwuwuttanyi wa kkono owa Orthodox, Patel yazannya emipiira esatu [[:en:One_Day_International|egy'ensi yonna egy'olunaku olumu]] mu [[:en:1979_cricket_World_Cup|World Cup ya 1979]], era nga kw'otadde n'okukiikirira eggwanga mu mpaka za [[:en:1979_ICC_Trophy|ICC Trophy eza 1979]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Obituary Listings {{!}} Bucaro Funeral Home & Cremation Cente... |url=https://www.bucarofuneralhome.com/obituaries/Jitendra-Patel?obId=48999248s://www.indiatoday.in/live-score/cricket/jitendra-patel-profile-2326ers/1/1607/1607.html |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=www.bucarofuneralhome.com}}</ref> q71xagk56csonopiiuditkqec004a3n 0 11550 76227 73310 2026-10-09T23:58:07Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 76227 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Frank Mugisha''' (yazaalibwa 17 Ogwomukaaga 1979)<ref>{{cite web|title=LGBT History Month - Frank Mugisha - Ugandan Activist|url=https://www.eriegaynews.com/news/article.php?recordid=201510frankmugisha|accessdate=14 April 2023|website=Erie Gay News|date=October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418132524/https://www.eriegaynews.com/news/article.php?recordid=201510frankmugisha|archive-date=18 April 2023|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Kjemper for homser med livet som innsats - fikk Rafto-prisen i kveld|url=https://www.nrk.no/urix/fikk-rafto-prisen-sondag-kveld-1.7865149|accessdate=14 April 2023|website=[[NRK]]|date=6 November 2011|language=no}}</ref> Munnayuganda munnamateeka omulwanirizi w'abasiyazi oba [[LGBT]] era ye ssenkulu w'ekitongole kya [[Sexual Minorities Uganda]] (SMUG). Awangudde awaadi ya [[Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Award]] ne Thorolf Rafto Memorial Prize 2011 olw'okulwanirira eddembe ly'obuntu. Mugisha y'omu ku basinga okulwanirira [[eddembe ly'aba LGBT mu Uganda]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jiwe|first=Joto La|date=2026-05-12|title=Ugandan LGBTI+ rights activist Frank Mugisha wins international award|url=https://76crimes.com/2026/05/12/ugandan-lgbti-activist-mugisha-wins-award/|access-date=2026-07-08|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebikwata ku bulamu bwe == Mugisha yazaalibwa ku njegooyego za [[Kampala]] mu [[Uganda]] . Yakuzibwa mu maka g’Abakatuliki amakakali naye yavaayo eri muganda we ku myaka 14.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mugisha|first=Frank|title=Gay and Vilified in Uganda|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/23/opinion/gay-and-vilified-in-uganda.html?_r=2|accessdate=12 January 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|date=22 December 2011}}</ref> Wadde ng’okuvaayo kwe kwamwawukanya n’abamu ku ba famire ye, naye waliwo mikwano gye abalala n’ab’omu maka ge abamu abaagenda mu maaso n’okumuwagira.<ref>{{cite news|last=O'Bryan|first=Will|title=In Harm's Way: In the Face of Fierce Homophobia, Frank Mugisha Is the Face of Gay Uganda|url=http://www.metroweekly.com/feature/?ak=6796|accessdate=12 January 2012|newspaper=MetroWeekly|date=23 November 2011}}</ref> Ng’akyali mu yunivasite mu 2004, yatandikawo ekibiina kya Icebreakers Uganda ekyatondebwawo ng’omukutu gw’okuwagira n'okuyamba Bannayuganda ba LGBT abaali mu nteekateeka y’okuvaayo eri ab’enganda n’emikwano.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rfkcenter.org/ugandan-lgbti-rights-activist-frank-mugisha-to-receive-2011-robert-f-kennedy-human-rights-award|title=Ugandan LGBTI rights activist Frank Mugisha to receive 2011 Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Award|publisher=[[Robert F. Kennedy Center for Justice and Human Rights]]|year=2011|accessdate=13 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605071516/http://rfkcenter.org/ugandan-lgbti-rights-activist-frank-mugisha-to-receive-2011-robert-f-kennedy-human-rights-award|archive-date=2013-06-05|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mugisha kati ye ssenkulu wa SMUG, ekibiina ekinene ekirimu ebibinja kkuminamunaana, omuli ne Icebreakers Uganda.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sexualminoritiesuganda.com/|title=Sexual Minorities Uganda - SMUG|website=www.sexualminoritiesuganda.com|access-date=2015-01-13|archive-date=2024-07-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240717080739/https://sexualminoritiesuganda.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mugisha aweereddwa ekitiibwa Saabawandiisi w'Ekitongole Ky'amawanga Amagatte bwe yateekebwa ku lukalala olumu mu Magaziini ya [[Advocate]], mu [[The Independent]], yaweebwa ekitiibwa ku [[Black Entertainment Television]] - BET era erinnya lya Mugisha lyateekebwa ku #POWER10: ku lukalala lw'abantu abaddugavu abasinga okukwata ku bantu mu nsonga za LGBTQ mu 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.scamtoradar.com/2014/12/10-most-influential-black-lgbtq-in-2014.html|title=Scamto Radar: #POWER10: Most Influential Black LGBTQ in 2014|access-date=2015-01-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150106212915/http://www.scamtoradar.com/2014/12/10-most-influential-black-lgbtq-in-2014.html|archive-date=2015-01-06|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mugisha yali mukwano nnyo ogw'okulusegere ogwa mulwanirizi munne era omutandisi wa SMUG, [[David Kato]], eyattibwa mu Gwolubereberye 2011 oluvannyuma lw'okukuba ekiwandiiko ekiyitibwa [[Rolling Stone (Uganda)|Rolling Stone]] mu mbuga z'amateeka, olw'okufulumya amannya g'abantu ba LGBT 100 mu Uganda ng'akisindiikiriza "okubawanika ku kalabba".<ref>{{cite web|title=Court Affirms Rights of Ugandan Gays|url=http://www.humanrightsfirst.org/2011/01/04/court-affirms-rights-of-ugandan-gays/|accessdate=12 January 2012|publisher=Human Rights First|date=4 January 2011}}</ref> Mugisha y'omu ku balamuzi okuva mu SMUG abakiikirirwa [[Center for Constitutional Rights]] nga bakozesa [[Alien Tort Statute]] okukuba omubuulizi w'enjiri ow'omu Amerika [[Scott Lively]] mu mbuga z'amateeka [[olw'emisango gye yazza ku bantu]] nga boogera ku mulimu gwe yakola ku tteeka lya Uganda eriwakanya ebisiyaga erya [[Anti-Homosexuality Bill]],<ref name="Guardian2">{{cite news|first=Frank|last=Mugisha|publisher=theguardian.com|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|date=March 21, 2014|accessdate=March 21, 2014|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/mar/20/gay-ugandan-law-tyrannise-life-anti-homosexuality-act|title=I am a gay Ugandan about to go home. This law will tyrannise my life.}}</ref> omulimu ogwayogerwako ng'okussa amaanyi mu kuyigganyizibwa kw'abasajja n'abakazi abalya ebisiyaga<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/15/us/ugandan-gay-rights-group-sues-scott-lively-an-american-evangelist.html|title=Ugandan Gay Rights Group Sues U.S. Evangelist|first=Laurie|last=Goodstein|date=March 14, 2012|accessdate=March 21, 2014|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> era nga "ekikolwa.......okugezaako ennyo okulumya n'okumma abantu abalala eddembe lyabwe nga okunnyonnyola obulungi ensonga eno baakiyita kuyigganya".<ref>{{cite news |last=Halper |first=Katie |date=March 15, 2012 |title=Ugandan LGBTQ org sues U.S. evangelist for inciting persecution |url=http://feministing.com/2012/03/15/ugandan-lgbtq-org-sues-u-s-evangelist-for-inciting-persecution/ |accessdate=March 21, 2014 |newspaper=Feministing}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Weiss |first=Debra Cassens |date=March 15, 2012 |title=Suit Alleges Evangelist Violated International Law by Waging an Anti-Gay Campaign in Uganda |url=http://www.abajournal.com/news/article/suit_alleges_evangelist_violated_international_law_by_waging_an_anti-gay_ca/ |accessdate=March 21, 2014 |newspaper=[[ABA Journal]]}}</ref> Mu Gwomunaana 2013, Omulamuzi wa [[Kkooti ya Disitulikiti ya U.S.]] [[Michael A. Ponsor]] yasalawo nti abalamuzi baali ku musingi omunywevu okusinziira ku mateeka g'ensi yonna n'ag'ekitundu mu kugaana okusoomoozebwa kw'obuyinza ku musango; era yasalawo nti okuwoza okw'olubereberye okw'enneeyisa ya Lively tekwali kwa mu budde.<ref>{{cite news |last=Barry |first=Stephanie |date=August 19, 2013 |title=Crimes against humanity lawsuit against anti-gay evangelist Pastor Scott Lively, of Springfield, advances in federal court |url=http://www.masslive.com/news/index.ssf/2013/08/crimes_against_humanity_lawsui.html |accessdate=March 21, 2014 |newspaper=[[The Republican (Springfield, Massachusetts)|The Republican]]}}</ref> Ng'awandiika mu ''[[lupapula lwa The Guardian]]'' mu 2014, Mugisha yagamba nti obukyayi bw'ebisiyaga n'obukyayi obuli emabega w'etteeka erirwanyisa ebisiyaga byava mu mawanga g'amawanga g'obugwanjuba: "Ndi musajja muganzi. Nange ndi Munnayuganda. Tewali kintu kitali kya Afirika ku nze. Uganda gye nnazaalibwa, gye nnakulira era gye mpita amaka gange. Era nsi mwe nfuuse ekitono okusinga omumenyi w'amateeka atategeerekese olw'abo be njagala." Njagala Bannayuganda bannange bakitegeere nti ebisiyaga si bya mawanga g'obugwanjuba era mikwano gyaffe mu nsi ezaakulaakulana bakimanye nti omuze oguliwo kati ogw'okukyawa ebisiyaga bwe guli." <ref name="Guardian2" /> == Okusiimibwa == Mugisha yaweebwa [[awaadi ya Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Award]] mu 2011 ne [[Rafto Prize]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Rafto Prize - Raftostiftelsen |url=http://www.rafto.no/page/820/The_Rafto_Prize |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008233851/http://rafto.no/page/820/The_Rafto_Prize |archive-date=2014-10-08 |access-date=2014-10-06}}</ref> eya 2011 olw’omulimu gwe yakola ogw’okugoberera eddembe ly’aba LGBT mu Uganda.<ref>{{cite web |title=2011: Frank Mugisha, Uganda |url=http://rfkcenter.org/frank-mugisha-uganda |accessdate=12 January 2012 |publisher=Robert F. Kennedy Center for Justice & Human Rights}}{{Dead link|date=November 2018|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The 2011 Rafto Prize to Sexual Minorities Uganda (SMUG) and their leader Frank Mugisha |url=http://www.rafto.no/?page=55&news=233 |accessdate=12 January 2012 |newspaper=Rafto Foundation for Human Rights}}</ref> Era yafuna diguli y'obusawo ey'ekitiibwa okuva mu [[Yunivasite y'e Ghent]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oegandees mensenrechtenactivist Mugisha ontvangt institutioneel eredoctoraat van de UGent — Universiteit Gent |url=http://www.ugent.be/nl/actueel/nieuws/persberichten/eredoctor-intitutioneel-2013-mugisha.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806081918/http://www.ugent.be/nl/actueel/nieuws/persberichten/eredoctor-intitutioneel-2013-mugisha.htm |archive-date=2013-08-06 |access-date=2013-03-29}}</ref> Mugisha yali yasunsulwamu okuwangula [[ekirabo kya Nobel eky'emirembe]] mu 2014.<ref>{{cite web |title=Overzicht eredoctoraten — Universiteit Gent |url=https://www.ugent.be/nl/univgent/collecties/archief/geschiedenis/overzichten/eredoctoren.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516141357/https://www.ugent.be/nl/univgent/collecties/archief/geschiedenis/overzichten/eredoctoren.htm |archive-date=2017-05-16 |access-date=2014-08-01 |website=www.ugent.be}}</ref> Mu 2017, Mugisha yateekebwa ku lukalala lwa ''[[Fortune Magazine]]'' olw'abakulembeze abasinga obukulu mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-03-23 |title=Frank Mugisha |url=http://fortune.com/worlds-greatest-leaders/frank-mugisha-44/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170325023940/http://fortune.com/worlds-greatest-leaders/frank-mugisha-44/ |archive-date=2017-03-25 |access-date=2017-03-24 |work=Fortune |language=en-US}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[Stella Nyanzi]] * [[Omuyimbi Pepe Julian Onziema|Pepe Julian Onziema]] * [[Yunivasite y'e Ghent]] * ''[[lupapula lwa The Guardian]]'' * [[Anti-Homosexuality Bill]] * [[David Kato]] * [[eddembe ly'aba LGBT mu Uganda]] * [[Rolling Stone (Uganda)|Rolling Stone]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa wikipedia == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160121080350/https://sexualminoritiesuganda.com/ Omukutu omutongole ogwa SMUG] kyaterekebwa [[Category:Bannamateeka ba Uganda]] [[Category:Abaazaalibwa mu 1979]] [[Category:Abantu abalamu]] [[Category:Bannayuganda abasiyazi]] [[Category:Abalwanirizi b'eddembe ly'abantu ba LGBTQ mu Uganda]] [[Category:Bannayuganda ab'omukyasa ky'abirimu kimu]] jbd2uhzgd1952q040je34nkppie3z83 0 11564 76266 73275 2026-10-10T10:11:23Z Thomas Eddie Irigei 11996 removed external link 76266 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Hakim Sendagire''' [[:en:Physician|musawo]] [[Yuganda|Munnayuganda]], [[:en:Biochemist|mukugu wa biochemistry]], [[:en:Academic|mukugu w'ebyensoma]] , [[:en:Academic_administration|muddukanya w'ebyobujjanjabi]]. Mu kiseera kino ye Dean ku [[:en:Habib_Medical_School|Habib Medical School]], College of Health Sciences of the [[Islamic University in Uganda]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tabitha |first=Winnie |last2=Ainebyoona |first2=Emmanuel |date=13 February 2015 |title=IUIU Launches Habib Medical School |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/IUIU-launches-Habib-medical-school--/-/688334/2622080/-/ijvefw/-/index.html |access-date=20 February 2015}}</ref> yunivasite ey'obwannannyini, emu ku yunivasite 41 mu ggwanga, okusinziira ku bibalo bya mu Gwokubiri 2015.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014 |title=List of Accredited Universities In Uganda |url=http://ugandanationalacademy.org/universities.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303102213/http://ugandanationalacademy.org/universities.php |archive-date=3 March 2015 |access-date=20 February 2015 |publisher=Uganda National Academy of Sciences}}</ref> == Obuvo bwe n'okusoma kwe == Yazaalibwa [[Kasangati]], [[Wakiso (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y'e Wakiso]], [[:en:Central_Region,_Uganda|Mu Masekkati ga Uganda]], nga 10 Ogwomukaaga 1972. Yasomera ''Kololo High School'' gye yamalira siniya eyookuna, oluvannyuma nagenda ku [[Essomero lya Kibuli Sekendule|Kibuli Secondary School]] gye yamalira siniya enoomukaaga.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sendagire |first=Hakim |date=25 January 2015 |title=Hajji Ishak Kamoga Is Among The Muslim Heroes In Education |url=http://um-bs.com/2015/01/25/hajji-ishak-kamoga-is-among-the-muslim-heroes-in-education/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220223840/http://um-bs.com/2015/01/25/hajji-ishak-kamoga-is-among-the-muslim-heroes-in-education/ |archive-date=20 February 2015 |access-date=20 February 2015 |publisher=Uganda Muslim Brothers and Sisters}}</ref> Mu 1991, yaweebwa ekifo ku [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], yunivasite ya gavumenti esinga obukadde era esinga obunene mu Uganda. Yasoma obusawo bw’abantu, n’atikkirwa, mu 1996, n’afuna diguli esooka mu busawo eya [[:en:Bachelor_of_Medicine_and_Bachelor_of_Surgery|Bachelor of Medicine ne Bachelor of Surgery]] (MBChB). Diguli ye eyookubiri eya [[:en:Master_of_Science|Master of Science mu Biomedical Sciences]] (MSc), yagifuna mu 1999, okuva ku [[:en:University_of_Greenwich|University of Greenwich]], mu Bungereza. Mu 2007, ku myaka 35, yaweebwa diguli eyookuna eya [[:en:Doctor_of_Philosophy|Doctor of Philosophy]] (PhD), mu [[:en:Biochemistry|Biochemistry]], okuva ku Yunivasite y’e Makerere ng’ekolagana ne [[:en:Uppsala_University|Uppsala University]] mu Sweden.<ref name="Profile">{{Cite web |date=2014 |title=Academic Profile of Professor Hakim Sendagire |url=http://chs.mak.ac.ug/biomed/node/102 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220213451/http://chs.mak.ac.ug/biomed/node/102 |archive-date=20 February 2015 |access-date=20 February 2015 |publisher=[[Makerere University College of Health Sciences]]}}</ref> == Emirimu gye == Yakolako akaseera katono ng’omusawo mu [[Mulago National Specialised Hospital|Ddwaaliro e Mulago]] November 1995 okutuusa mu August 1997. Oluvannyuma lw’okusoma diguli eyookubiri mu Bungereza, yakola ng’omumyuka wa Dayirekita w’ebyobulamu mu Kasangati Health Centre IV, mu [[Wakiso (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Wakiso]], okuva mu 1999 okutuuka mu 2006. Mu kiseera kye kimu, yaweereza ng’omusomesa mu kitongole kya [[:en:Biochemistry|Biochemistry]] mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|Yunivasite y’e Makerere]] . Okuva mu Gwokutaano 2000 okutuuka mu Gwokutaano 2001, yeetaba mu kutendekebwa okwenjawulo oluvannyuma lwa diguli eyookubiri ku [[:en:University_of_San_Francisco|Yunivasite y’e San Francisco]] . Mu 2007 yawebwa omulimu ng'omusomesa mu kitongole kya [[:en:Microbiology|Microbiology]] ku [[:en:Makerere_University_College_of_Health_Sciences|Makerere University College of Health Sciences]], n’aweereza mu kifo ekyo okutuusa mu 2014, lwe yalondebwa okuba Dean w’essomero lya[[:en:Habib_Medical_School|Habib Medical School]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013 |title=The Work History of Hakim Sendagire |url=http://mbl.mak.ac.ug/DR%20Hakim%20Sendagire%20CV.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220230408/http://mbl.mak.ac.ug/DR%20Hakim%20Sendagire%20CV.pdf |archive-date=20 February 2015 |access-date=20 February 2015 |publisher=[[Makerere University|Makerere University, Department of Microbiology]]}}</ref> == Obuvunaanyizibwa obulala == Dr. Sendagire ye muwabuzi w’ebyekikugu mu by’obuweereza mu laboratory mu [[:en:Uganda_Ministry_of_Health|Minisitule y’ebyobulamu mu Uganda]], ng’asinziira mu ''Uganda National Health Laboratory Services'', esangibwa ku luguudo lwa Buganda Road, mu masekkati ga [[Kampala]]. Era ye Dayirekita wa ''International Academic and Medical Complex (IAMeC)'', (Seeta Academic Complex), kkampuni eddukanya ''Seeta Kasangati Secondary School'', essomero ly’obwannannyini erya middle ne high school (ekibiina eky’omunaana okutuuka ku 13), erisangibwa okumpi [[Kasangati|ne Kasangati]] mu [[Wakiso (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Wakiso]] . Alina obwagazi obw’okusomesa ssaayansi ku mitendera gyonna n’okuteekateeka abavubuka okufuuka bannassaayansi ab’omu maaso. == Ebimukwatako ng'omuntu == Professor Sendagire mufumbo era nga bali wamu ne mukyala we, bazadde ba baana bataano. == Laba ne == * [[:en:Makerere_University_College_of_Health_Sciences|Makerere University College of Health Sciences]] * [[:en:Makerere_University_School_of_Medicine|Makerere University School of Medicine]] * [[:en:Makerere_University_School_of_Public_Health|Makerere University School of Public Health]] * [[:en:Habib_Medical_School|Habib Medical School]] * [[Islamic University in Uganda]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == * Omukutu gwa Yunivasite y'e Makerere [[Category:Abaasomera ku Makerere University]] [[Category:Buganda]] 51rhtks64twbhuvxkl1nie2q16o5w3x 0 11672 76237 55086 2026-10-10T09:37:46Z Dr. Mulangira Mathias Kalanda 12008 added link #WUCXSU26 76237 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Daniel Michael Mulumba''' (26 Ogwomunaana 1962 &#x2013; 1 Ogwokutaano 2012) <ref name="obit">https://www.dignitymemorial.com/obituaries/chandler-az/daniel-mulumba-5092217</ref> Omuwuzianda [[:en:Swimming_(sport)|Omuwuzi]] eyasooka okuvuganya mu mizannyo gya Olympics. Y[[:en:1984_Summer_Olympics|misinde gy'abasajja egya mmita 100 egy'okwewummuza mu mizannyo gya Olympics egy'omusana mu 19841984]] . <ref name="SportsRef">https://web.archive.org/web/20200418064021/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/mu/daniel-mulumba-1.html</ref> Mulumba yazaalibwa mu Kampala mu Gwomunaana 1962. Oluvannyuma lw’okusomera ku Nakasero Primary School, yagenda mu Namasagali College gyeyasomera siniya. <ref name="obit">{{Cite web |title=Daniel Michael Mulumba Obituary - Chandler, AZ |url=https://www.dignitymemorial.com/obituaries/chandler-az/daniel-mulumba-5092217 |access-date=2019-07-17 |website=Dignity Memorial |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.dignitymemorial.com/obituaries/chandler-az/daniel-mulumba-5092217 "Daniel Michael Mulumba Obituary - Chandler, AZ"]. ''Dignity Memorial''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> Yafuna diguli ey'okubiri mu sayansi w'ebyobusuubuzi okuva mu Pepperdine University mu bugwanjuba bwa California. <ref name="obit" /> == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == 8kgiw4mmigehkgi5kmsnx7v81d87xo2 0 11789 76251 41159 2026-10-10T09:58:31Z Fahim Mousa 11990 Nkyuusizza citation nenjitereeza. 76251 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jean-Marc Mwema''' (yazaalibwa 5 Ogw'ekkumin'ebiri 1989) muzannyi wa [[:en:Basketball|nsero]] ez'ekikugu okuva mu Bubirigi era yasemba okuzannyira [[:en:Telenet_Giants_Antwerp|Telenet Giants Antwerp]] eya [[:en:BNXT_League|BNXT League]]. Era akiikirira [[:en:Belgium_national_basketball_team|ttiimu y'eggwanga ey'ensero eya Bubirigi]] . == Omulimu gw’ekikugu == Mwema yazannyira [[:en:Antwerp_Giants|Antwerp Giants]] ebbanga ddene, nga bwe yazannyira mu Antwerp okuva mu 2009 okutuuka mu 2016. Mu sizoni ya 2011–12, Mwema yalondebwa [[:en:Ethias_League_Most_Promising_Player_of_the_Year|ng'omuzannyi asinga okusuubiza mu BLB]] . Mu December wa 2016, Mwema yakola endagaano ne [[:en:B.C._Oostende|Telenet Oostende]] . Nga 19 Ogw'okubiri 2017, gwe gwali omulundi ogwasooka Mwema okuwangula engule ne ttiimu ye bwe yawangula [[:en:Belgian_Basketball_Cup|ekikopo kya Bubirigi]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Basketbalclub Oostende steekt 18e beker op zak |url=http://sporza.be/cm/sporza/matchcenter/mc_zaalsporten/cat_basketbal/comp_beker_van_belgie_finale/1.2885830 |access-date=2025-09-05 |archive-date=2017-06-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628090125/http://sporza.be/cm/sporza/matchcenter/mc_zaalsporten/cat_basketbal/comp_beker_van_belgie_finale/1.2885830 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mwema yakola endagaano y'okwongezaayo omwaka gumu mu ttiimu eno nga 28 July 2020. Mu sizoni ttaano ze yamala ne Oostende, yawangula [[:en:Pro_Basketball_League|liigi ya Pro Basketball League]] (PBL) emirundi etaano egy'omuddiring'anwa. Nga 5 Ogw'omunaana 2021, Mwema yaddayo mu Antwerp Giants omulundi ogwokubiri, n’akola endagaano ya sizoni ssatu. Nga 12 Ogw'okusatu 2023, Mwema ne Giants baawangula [[:en:Belgian_Basketball_Cup|ekikopo kya Bubirigi]] oluvannyuma lw'okukuba [[:en:BC_Oostende|BC Oostende]] ku fayinolo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-03-12 |title=Antwerp Giants kloppen favoriet Oostende in spannende bekerfinale |url=https://sporza.be/nl/matches/basketbal/2023-03/antwerp-giants-kloppen-favoriet-oostende-in-spannende-bekerfinale~1678088592789/ |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=sporza.be |language=nl}}</ref> == Omulimu gw’ensi yonna == Yakiikiridde Bubirigi mu [[:en:EuroBasket_2015|mpaka za EuroBasket 2015]], ttiimu eno gye yavudde mu lawundi ya 16 oluvannyuma lw'okukubwa [[:en:Greece_national_basketball_team|Buyonaani]] ggoolo 75-54.<ref>{{Cite book |date=2026-09-13 |title=Greece men's national basketball team |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Greece_men%27s_national_basketball_team&oldid=1374599761 |language=en}}</ref> == Obulamu bw’omuntu ku bubwe == Mwema yazaalibwa mu Bubirigi, munsi wa Congo era munnayuganda.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 7, 2015 |title=Eurobasket: ces joueurs qui auraient pu disputer l'Afrobasket |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/sports/20150907-basketball-eurobasket-2015-treize-joueurs-auraient-pu-disputer-afrobasket-2015 |website=RFI}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=African Basketball News, Scores, Stats, Analysis, Standings |url=https://www.afrobasket.com/Uganda/news/588903/Oostende-keeps-Mwema-for-another-season |website=www.afrobasket.com}}</ref> == Ebitiibwa == ; Oostende * Liigi ya Pro Basketball<ref>{{Cite book |date=2026-06-14 |title=Pro Basketball League |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pro_Basketball_League&oldid=1359245045 |language=en}}</ref> : Omuntu w'eggwanga * Ekikopo kya Bubirigi : 2017, 2018, 2021 meapg2syeykiky9k0nqoqph4vchia9z 0 11796 76230 76130 2026-10-10T00:40:49Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 76230 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jayden Roy Onen''' (yazaalibwa 17 Ogw'okubiri 2001) [[Omupiira ogw'ebigere|muzannyi wa mupiira]] mu Bungereza ogw'ekikugu era azannyira [[:en:Attacking_midfielder|ng'omuwuwuttanyi alumba]] mu kiraabu [[:en:USL_League_One|ya USL League One]] [[:en:USL_League_One|FC Naples]] . Onen kiva mu academies za [[:en:Arsenal_F.C.|Arsenal]], [[:en:Crystal_Palace_F.C.|Crystal Palace]] ne [[Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.|Brighton & Hove Albion]] era omulimu gwe ogw’ekikugu yagutandikira mu [[:en:Brentford_F.C._Reserves_and_Academy#Relaunch_(2016%E2%80%93present)|Brentford B]] mu 2018. Oluvannyuma lw’okumala ebbanga mu ttiimu za U23 mu [[:en:Reading_F.C.|Reading]] ne [[:en:Sheffield_Wednesday_F.C.|Sheffield Wednesday]], yagenda mu Amerika mu 2023. Eyo gye yazannyira kiraabu za USL League One eza [[:en:Forward_Madison_FC|Forward Madison]], [[:en:Lexington_SC|Lexington SC]] ne FC Naples mu kibuga ky’e Naples. == Omulimu gwa kiraabu == === Emyaka gy’obuvubuka === [[:en:Attacking_midfielder|Omuzannyi wa makkati alumba]], Onen yatandika omulimu gwe mu [[:en:Arsenal_F.C._Under-23s_and_Academy|ttendekero lya Arsenal]], <ref name="Soccerway">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenal_F.C._Under-23s_and_Academy</ref> nga taneegatta ku [[:en:Crystal_Palace_F.C._Reserves|Crystal Palace]] ku ddiiru ya sikaala mu 2017. <ref name="FullName">{{Cite web |title=Squads for 2017/18 Premier League confirmed |url=http://www.premierleague.com/news/465277 |access-date=18 December 2018 |website=www.premierleague.com |language=en}}</ref> Yasigala mu [[:en:Selhurst_Park|Selhurst Park]] okutuusa mu Ogw'ekkumin'ebiri wa 2017, lwe yeegatta ku [[:en:Brighton_&_Hove_Albion_F.C._Reserves_and_Academy|ttendekero lya Brighton & Hove Albion]] ng'omukenkufu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jayden Onen – Midfielder – U18 Team |url=https://www.brightonandhovealbion.com/teams/u18-team/midfielder/jayden-onen/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181217164134/https://www.brightonandhovealbion.com/teams/u18-team/midfielder/jayden-onen/ |archive-date=17 December 2018 |access-date=18 December 2018 |website=Brighton & Hove Albion}}</ref> Onen yazannya omupiira gumu [[:en:EFL_Trophy|ogwa EFL Trophy]] ku ttiimu ya Albion eya U21 mu sizoni ya [[:en:2018–19_Brighton_&_Hove_Albion_F.C._season|2018–19]], <ref name="Soccerbase1819">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_Brighton_&_Hove_Albion_F.C._season</ref> nga tannayimbulwa mu Ogw'ekkumin'ebiri 2018. <ref name="SignsBrentford">{{Cite web |title=Jayden Onen signs for Brentford B |url=https://www.brentfordfc.com/en/news/article/jayden-onen-signs-for-brentford-b_347417 |access-date=18 December 2018 |website=www.brentfordfc.com |language=en-gb}}</ref> === Liigi y'omupiira eya Bungereza === Nga 17 December 2018, Onen [[:en:Free_transfer_(association_football)|yakyuka n’agenda]] mu [[:en:Brentford_F.C._Reserves_and_Academy#Relaunch_(2016%E2%80%93present)|ttiimu ya B]] mu kiraabu ya [[:en:EFL_Championship|Championship]] [[:en:Brentford_F.C.|Brentford]] n’akola endagaano ya myezi 18.<ref name="SignsBrentford"/> Yazannya emipiira 30 era n’ateeba ggoolo ssatu mu ttiimu ya B nga tannayimbulwa ku nkomerero ya sizoni [[:en:2019–20_Brentford_F.C._season|ya 2019–20]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nine players depart Brentford FC |url=https://www.brentfordfc.com/news/2020/july/nine-players-released-by-brentford-fc/ |access-date=6 July 2020 |website=www.brentfordfc.com |language=en-gb |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707050826/https://www.brentfordfc.com/news/2020/july/nine-players-released-by-brentford-fc/ |archive-date=7 July 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[:en:Loan_(sports)|Ebbanja]] ly’omwezi gumu mu kiraabu ya [[:en:Bromley_F.C.|Bromley]] eya [[:en:National_League_(division)|liigi y’eggwanga]] ku nkomerero ya 2019 yavaamu [[Omupiira ogw'ebigere|omupiira]] gumu gwokka ogw’okukyusakyusa mu kiseera ky’obuvune.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jayden Onen joins Bromley on one-month youth loan deal |url=https://www.brentfordfc.com/news/2019/november/jayden-onen-joins-bromley-on-one-month-youth-loan-deal/ |access-date=23 November 2019 |website=www.brentfordfc.com |language=en-gb |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191123172158/https://www.brentfordfc.com/news/2019/november/jayden-onen-joins-bromley-on-one-month-youth-loan-deal/ |archive-date=23 November 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jaden Brissett and Jayden Onen back with Brentford B following loan stints |url=https://www.brentfordfc.com/news/2019/december/jaden-brissett-and-jayden-onen-back-with-brentford-b-following-loan-stints/ |access-date=24 December 2019 |website=www.brentfordfc.com |language=en-gb}}</ref> Nga 6 Ogw'ekkumin'ogumu 2020, oluvannyuma lw'okugezesebwa okulungi, <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 November 2020 |title=Uganda Cranes midfielder signs contract with English club |url=https://www.swiftsportsug.com/blog/uganda-cranes-midfielder-signs-contract-with-english-club/ |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=Swift Sports Uganda |language=en-US |archive-date=12 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212140939/https://www.swiftsportsug.com/blog/uganda-cranes-midfielder-signs-contract-with-english-club/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Onen yeegatta ku ttiimu ya [[:en:Reading_F.C._Under-23s_and_Academy|U23]] mu kiraabu ya Championship [[:en:Reading_F.C.|Reading]] ku ndagaano egenda okutuusa ku nkomerero ya sizoni ya [[:en:2020–21_Reading_F.C._season|2020–21]] . <ref name="Lusulire">{{Cite web |last=Lusulire |first=Ronnie |date=27 September 2020 |title=Uganda Cranes starlet joins Reading FC U-23 side |url=http://www.bigwhalesports.com/uganda-cranes-starlet-joins-reading-fc-u-23-side/ |access-date=29 September 2020 |website=BigWhale sports |language=en |archive-date=28 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210228184323/http://www.bigwhalesports.com/uganda-cranes-starlet-joins-reading-fc-u-23-side/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu sizoni eyasigalawo, yali muzannyi wa ttiimu esooka nga takozesebwa ku mirundi 16 era yazannya emipiira ebiri ng'endagaano ye tennaggwaako.<ref>{{Cite web |title=✉️ Contracts offered, clauses triggered, loans end and best wishes issued for those set for pastures new… |url=https://www.readingfc.co.uk/news/2021/may/contracts-offered-clauses-triggered-loans-end-and-best-wishes-issued-for-those-set-for-pastures-new/ |access-date=12 May 2021 |website=www.readingfc.co.uk |language=en-gb}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw’okugezesebwa, Onen yassa omukono ku ndagaano egenda okutuusa ku nkomerero ya sizoni [[:en:2021–22_Sheffield_Wednesday_F.C._season|ya 2021–22]] ne ttiimu [[:en:Sheffield_Wednesday_F.C._Academy|ya U23]] mu kiraabu [[:en:EFL_League_One|ya Liigi emu]] eya [[:en:Sheffield_Wednesday_F.C.|Sheffield Wednesday]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jayden Onen signs for Wednesday |url=https://www.swfc.co.uk/news/2021/december/jayden-onen-signs-for-wednesday/ |access-date=6 December 2021 |publisher=[[Sheffield Wednesday F.C.]]}}</ref><ref name="LeavesSheffW" /> Yalemererwa okuwangula okuyitibwa mu ttiimu ya ttiimu esooka ey’olunaku lw’omupiira era n’ayimbulwa endagaano ye bwe yaggwaako.<ref name="LeavesSheffW">{{Cite web |title=Owls confirm Under-23 departures |url=https://www.swfc.co.uk/news/2022/march/owls-confirm-23s-departures/ |access-date=16 March 2022 |publisher=[[Sheffield Wednesday F.C.]]}}</ref> === USL Liigi Esooka === Nga 17 Ogusooka 2023, Onen yakola endagaano ya mwaka gumu ne kiraabu ya [[:en:USL_League_One|USL League One]] [[:en:Forward_Madison_FC|Forward Madison]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Warwick |first=Evan |date=17 January 2023 |title=Forward Madison FC Signs Versatile Attacker Jayden Onen |url=https://www.forwardmadisonfc.com/news/2023/01/17/forward-madison-signs-versatile-attacker-jayden-onen/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117180438/https://www.forwardmadisonfc.com/news/2023/01/17/forward-madison-signs-versatile-attacker-jayden-onen/ |archive-date=17 January 2023 |access-date=17 January 2023 |publisher=[[Forward Madison FC]]}}</ref> Yazannya emipiira 27 n’ateeba ggoolo nnya mu [[:en:2023_Forward_Madison_FC_season|sizoni ya 2023]] eyakomekkerezebwa ng’akubwa ‘quarter’ ku ‘playoff’. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Forward Madison FC Finish 2023 Season In Colorado |url=https://www.forwardmadisonfc.com/news/2023/10/21/forward-madison-fc-finish-2023-season-in-colorado/ |access-date=29 October 2023 |website=Forward Madison FC |language=en-US |archive-date=29 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029132809/https://www.forwardmadisonfc.com/news/2023/10/21/forward-madison-fc-finish-2023-season-in-colorado/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Omutindo gwa Onen gwasiimibwa n'okusunsulwamu okuwangula engule ya USL League One Young Player of the Year. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jackson Khoury Named Tormenta FC Newcomer of the Year |url=https://www.tormentafc.com/news/2023/11/15/jackson-khoury-named-south-georgia-tormenta-fc-newcomer-of-the-year-for-the-2023-season/ |access-date=20 November 2023 |website=South Georgia Tormenta FC |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu Ogusooka ogwa 2024, yeegatta ku [[:en:Lexington_SC|Lexington SC]] ku bwereere era yazannya emipiira 14 mu [[:en:2024_Lexington_SC_season|sizoni ya 2024]] . <ref name="Soccerway" /> <ref name="SignsLexington">{{Cite web |title=Midfielder Jayden Onen set to join Lexington Sporting Club |url=https://www.lexsporting.com/news/midfielder-jayden-onen-set-to-join-lexington-sporting-club/ |access-date=4 January 2024 |website=Lexington Sporting Club |language=en-US}}</ref> Nga 9 Ogw'ekkumin'ebiri 2024, Onen yafuuka [[:en:FC_Naples|FC Naples]] eyasooka okugula nga yeetegekera sizoni ya kiraabu eno eyasooka mu [[:en:2025_FC_Naples_season|2025]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=FC Naples Welcomes Jayden Onen as Inaugural Player Signing |url=https://www.fcnaples.com/news/2024/12/09/fc-naples-welcomes-jayden-onen-as-inaugural-player-signing/ |access-date=9 December 2024 |website=FC Naples |language=en-US}}</ref> == Omulimu gw’ensi yonna == Onen yayitibwa ku ttiimu ya [[Uganda Cranes|Uganda]] mu mpaka bbiri [[:en:2021_Africa_Cup_of_Nations_qualification_Group_B|ez’okusunsulamu abalizannya ekikopo kya Afrika ekya 2021]] mu Ogw'okusatu ogwa 2020, oluvannyuma ne [[:en:Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_association_football#Continental_tournaments|zongezebwayo.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa Cup of Nations Qualifiers postponed |url=https://www.brentfordfc.com/news/2020/march/caf-call-up-update/ |access-date=14 March 2020 |website=www.brentfordfc.com |language=en-gb}}</ref> Yetaba mu [[:en:Training_camp|nkambi y'okutendekebwa]] e [[:en:Dubai|Dubai]] mu Ogw'ekkumi 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 October 2020 |title=Full Uganda Cranes Delegation for Dubai Training Camp |url=https://www.fufa.co.ug/full-uganda-cranes-delegation-for-dubai-training-camp/ |access-date=5 October 2020 |website=FUFA: Federation of Uganda Football Associations |language=en-US}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe == Onen ava mu Uganda. <ref name="Lusulire"/> Mu July 2020, kyategeezebwa nti [[Ekitongole kya Federation of Uganda Football Associations|FUFA]] yali egezaako okutegekera Onen [[:en:Dual-citizenship|obutuuze bwa mirundi ebiri]] ne Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Know Your Football Star: Jayden Onen |url=https://www.nen.co.ug/en/know-your-football-star-jayden-onen/ |access-date=31 July 2020 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebibalo by’emirimu == {{Updated|match played 27 July 2025}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National cup[a] ! colspan="2" |League cup[b] ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- |Brighton &amp;amp; Hove Albion U21 |2018–19 | colspan="7" |— |1 |0 |1 |0 |- |Bromley (loan) |2019–20 |National League |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1 |0 |1 |0 |- |Reading |2020–21 |Championship |1 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |2 |0 |- |Forward Madison |2023<ref name="Soccerway" /> |USL League One |26 |3 |1 |1 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |27 |4 |- |Lexington SC |2024<ref name="Soccerway" /> |USL League One |8 |0 |1 |0 |5 |0 | colspan="2" |— |14 |0 |- |FC Naples |2025<ref name="Soccerway" /> |USL League One |15 |4 |3 |1 |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— |21 |5 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !50 !7 !6 !2 !8 !0 !2 !0 !66 !9 |} <references group="lower-alpha" /> == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Omupiira mu Uganda]] an90d8y6dh35dxc3yd1o18124q7szub 0 11865 76267 72553 2026-10-10T10:12:03Z Thomas Eddie Irigei 11996 added citation 76267 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mary Cholhok Nuba''' (yazaalibwa 3 Ogwolubereberye 1997), era erinnya lye liwandiikibwa nga '''Mary Cholhock Nuba''', oluusi ayitibwa '''Mary Cholhok''' oba '''Mary Nuba''', Munnayuganda Omukugu mu kuzannya omupiira gw'okubaka enzaalwa y'amaserengeta ga Sudan. Azannyira mu tiimu ya [[:en:Queensland_Firebirds|Queensland Firebirds]] mu liigi ya [[:en:Suncorp_Super_Netball|Suncorp Super Netball]], ate mu [[:en:Uganda_national_netball_team|ttiimu ya Uganda ey’eggwanga ey’omupiira]] gw'okubaka azannya ng'omuteebi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Firebirds sign prolific shooter Cholhok - The Home of the Queensland Firebirds |url=https://firebirds.net.au/news/firebirds-sign-prolific-shooter-cholhok |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=firebirds.net.au |language=en}}</ref> <ref>https://www.nwc2019.co.uk/people/mary-nuba-cholock/</ref> == Omulimu == === Omulimu gw’essomero === Yasomera mu St. Mary's High School, gye yabakiikirira mu mpaka z'amasomero z'eggwanga zinantameggwa wakati wa 2013 ne 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://journalism.mak.ac.ug/?q=news/251018/mary-nuba-future-uganda%E2%80%99s-netball |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-09-15 |archive-date=2024-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240919063447/https://journalism.mak.ac.ug/?q=news/251018/mary-nuba-future-uganda%E2%80%99s-netball |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Club ya NIC === Mu 2017, Mary yeegatta ku Kiraabu ya NIC ey'omupiira gw'okubaka era naagizannyira okuva mu 2017 okutuuka mu 2018. <ref>https://newsblaze.co.ke/one-of-the-tallest-netball-player-perhaps-meet-nuba-the-20-year-old-6-7-feet-tall-sudanese-who-plays-for-uganda/</ref> === Yunivasite y’e Loughborough === Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2018, Mary yeegatta ku yunivasite ya Loughborough. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.swiftsportsug.com/blog/mary-nuba-eager-to-impress-at-loughborough-lightning/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-09-15 |archive-date=2020-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124180158/https://www.swiftsportsug.com/blog/mary-nuba-eager-to-impress-at-loughborough-lightning/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yazannya oluzannya lwe olusooka mu mupiira gwa [[:en:Loughborough_Lightning_(netball)|Loughborough Lightning]] ogwasooka mu liigi ne [[:en:Wasps_Netball|Kiraabu ya Wasps]] nga 5 Ogwolubereberye 2019 mu kisaawe kya Arena Birmingham. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.lboro.ac.uk/sport/news/2018/december/ugandan-mary-cholhok-signs-for-loughborough-lightn/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-09-15 |archive-date=2023-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004231610/https://www.lboro.ac.uk/sport/news/2018/december/ugandan-mary-cholhok-signs-for-loughborough-lightn/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://ugandaradionetwork.com/story/uganda-in-winning-start-at-world-university-netball-championships</ref> == Ttiimu y'eggwanga == Mary yazannya oluzannya lwe olwasooka mu mupiira gw'okubaka mu [[:en:Uganda_national_netball_team|ttiimu y'eggwanga eya Uganda netball]] mu mipiira gy'ensi yonna egya University egya 2018 mu [[:en:Kampala|Kampala]] . <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://journalism.mak.ac.ug/?q=news/251018/mary-nuba-future-uganda%E2%80%99s-netball |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-09-15 |archive-date=2024-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240919063447/https://journalism.mak.ac.ug/?q=news/251018/mary-nuba-future-uganda%E2%80%99s-netball |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yakiikirira Uganda ku [[:en:2019_Netball_World_Cup|kikopo ky'ensi yonna mu mupiira gw'okubaka mu mpaka za 2019]] e Bungereza. <ref>https://kawowo.com/2019/07/13/live-uganda-vs-samoa-2019-netball-world-cup/</ref> Mu Gwomwenda 2019, yagattibwa ku ttiimu ya Uganda mu [[:en:2019_African_Netball_Championships|mpaka za Africa eza nantameggwa mu kubaka eza 2019]] . <ref>https://kawowo.com/2019/09/16/she-cranes-regroup-for-training-ahead-of-africa-netball-championship/</ref> == Ebitiibwa == * Omuteebi w'okuntikko mu mpaka z’eggwanga ez’omupiira eza nantameggwa : 2016. * Omuteebi w'okuntikko mu mizannyo gya Yunivasite mu nsi yonna : 1: 2018 * Omuteebi asinga mu Super liigi y'omupiira gw'okubaka: 2: [[:en:2019_Netball_Superleague_season|2019]], <ref>https://kawowo.com/2019/05/20/mary-nuba-she-cranes-star-wins-vitality-netball-goalden-shot-award/</ref> [[:en:2021_Netball_Superleague_season|2021]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.netballsl.com/2021/06/24/vitality-netball-superleague-awards-2021/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-09-15 |archive-date=2025-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250222172457/https://www.netballsl.com/2021/06/24/vitality-netball-superleague-awards-2021/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Yawangula Engule ya Coveted Golden Shot Award okumala emyaka 3 egy'omuddiring'anwa <ref>https://kawowo.com/2021/10/08/mary-cholhok-she-cranes-shooter-stays-put-at-loughborough-lightning/</ref> == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == [[Category:Omupiira mu Uganda]] a9qiz4g2zem6culb4gd0wjwqs3kx5wo 76268 76267 2026-10-10T10:12:35Z Thomas Eddie Irigei 11996 converted reference 76268 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mary Cholhok Nuba''' (yazaalibwa 3 Ogwolubereberye 1997), era erinnya lye liwandiikibwa nga '''Mary Cholhock Nuba''', oluusi ayitibwa '''Mary Cholhok''' oba '''Mary Nuba''', Munnayuganda Omukugu mu kuzannya omupiira gw'okubaka enzaalwa y'amaserengeta ga Sudan. Azannyira mu tiimu ya [[:en:Queensland_Firebirds|Queensland Firebirds]] mu liigi ya [[:en:Suncorp_Super_Netball|Suncorp Super Netball]], ate mu [[:en:Uganda_national_netball_team|ttiimu ya Uganda ey’eggwanga ey’omupiira]] gw'okubaka azannya ng'omuteebi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Firebirds sign prolific shooter Cholhok - The Home of the Queensland Firebirds |url=https://firebirds.net.au/news/firebirds-sign-prolific-shooter-cholhok |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=firebirds.net.au |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Netball World Cup |url=https://www.nwc2019.co.uk/people/mary-nuba-cholock/ |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Crypto Betting Sites |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Omulimu == === Omulimu gw’essomero === Yasomera mu St. Mary's High School, gye yabakiikirira mu mpaka z'amasomero z'eggwanga zinantameggwa wakati wa 2013 ne 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://journalism.mak.ac.ug/?q=news/251018/mary-nuba-future-uganda%E2%80%99s-netball |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-09-15 |archive-date=2024-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240919063447/https://journalism.mak.ac.ug/?q=news/251018/mary-nuba-future-uganda%E2%80%99s-netball |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Club ya NIC === Mu 2017, Mary yeegatta ku Kiraabu ya NIC ey'omupiira gw'okubaka era naagizannyira okuva mu 2017 okutuuka mu 2018. <ref>https://newsblaze.co.ke/one-of-the-tallest-netball-player-perhaps-meet-nuba-the-20-year-old-6-7-feet-tall-sudanese-who-plays-for-uganda/</ref> === Yunivasite y’e Loughborough === Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2018, Mary yeegatta ku yunivasite ya Loughborough. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.swiftsportsug.com/blog/mary-nuba-eager-to-impress-at-loughborough-lightning/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-09-15 |archive-date=2020-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124180158/https://www.swiftsportsug.com/blog/mary-nuba-eager-to-impress-at-loughborough-lightning/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yazannya oluzannya lwe olusooka mu mupiira gwa [[:en:Loughborough_Lightning_(netball)|Loughborough Lightning]] ogwasooka mu liigi ne [[:en:Wasps_Netball|Kiraabu ya Wasps]] nga 5 Ogwolubereberye 2019 mu kisaawe kya Arena Birmingham. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.lboro.ac.uk/sport/news/2018/december/ugandan-mary-cholhok-signs-for-loughborough-lightn/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-09-15 |archive-date=2023-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004231610/https://www.lboro.ac.uk/sport/news/2018/december/ugandan-mary-cholhok-signs-for-loughborough-lightn/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://ugandaradionetwork.com/story/uganda-in-winning-start-at-world-university-netball-championships</ref> == Ttiimu y'eggwanga == Mary yazannya oluzannya lwe olwasooka mu mupiira gw'okubaka mu [[:en:Uganda_national_netball_team|ttiimu y'eggwanga eya Uganda netball]] mu mipiira gy'ensi yonna egya University egya 2018 mu [[:en:Kampala|Kampala]] . <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://journalism.mak.ac.ug/?q=news/251018/mary-nuba-future-uganda%E2%80%99s-netball |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-09-15 |archive-date=2024-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240919063447/https://journalism.mak.ac.ug/?q=news/251018/mary-nuba-future-uganda%E2%80%99s-netball |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yakiikirira Uganda ku [[:en:2019_Netball_World_Cup|kikopo ky'ensi yonna mu mupiira gw'okubaka mu mpaka za 2019]] e Bungereza. <ref>https://kawowo.com/2019/07/13/live-uganda-vs-samoa-2019-netball-world-cup/</ref> Mu Gwomwenda 2019, yagattibwa ku ttiimu ya Uganda mu [[:en:2019_African_Netball_Championships|mpaka za Africa eza nantameggwa mu kubaka eza 2019]] . <ref>https://kawowo.com/2019/09/16/she-cranes-regroup-for-training-ahead-of-africa-netball-championship/</ref> == Ebitiibwa == * Omuteebi w'okuntikko mu mpaka z’eggwanga ez’omupiira eza nantameggwa : 2016. * Omuteebi w'okuntikko mu mizannyo gya Yunivasite mu nsi yonna : 1: 2018 * Omuteebi asinga mu Super liigi y'omupiira gw'okubaka: 2: [[:en:2019_Netball_Superleague_season|2019]], <ref>https://kawowo.com/2019/05/20/mary-nuba-she-cranes-star-wins-vitality-netball-goalden-shot-award/</ref> [[:en:2021_Netball_Superleague_season|2021]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.netballsl.com/2021/06/24/vitality-netball-superleague-awards-2021/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-09-15 |archive-date=2025-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250222172457/https://www.netballsl.com/2021/06/24/vitality-netball-superleague-awards-2021/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Yawangula Engule ya Coveted Golden Shot Award okumala emyaka 3 egy'omuddiring'anwa <ref>https://kawowo.com/2021/10/08/mary-cholhok-she-cranes-shooter-stays-put-at-loughborough-lightning/</ref> == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == [[Category:Omupiira mu Uganda]] md20ylfekseyc9yzs2e832olyla5ysf 76269 76268 2026-10-10T10:12:59Z Thomas Eddie Irigei 11996 added citation 76269 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mary Cholhok Nuba''' (yazaalibwa 3 Ogwolubereberye 1997), era erinnya lye liwandiikibwa nga '''Mary Cholhock Nuba''', oluusi ayitibwa '''Mary Cholhok''' oba '''Mary Nuba''', Munnayuganda Omukugu mu kuzannya omupiira gw'okubaka enzaalwa y'amaserengeta ga Sudan. Azannyira mu tiimu ya [[:en:Queensland_Firebirds|Queensland Firebirds]] mu liigi ya [[:en:Suncorp_Super_Netball|Suncorp Super Netball]], ate mu [[:en:Uganda_national_netball_team|ttiimu ya Uganda ey’eggwanga ey’omupiira]] gw'okubaka azannya ng'omuteebi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Firebirds sign prolific shooter Cholhok - The Home of the Queensland Firebirds |url=https://firebirds.net.au/news/firebirds-sign-prolific-shooter-cholhok |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=firebirds.net.au |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Netball World Cup |url=https://www.nwc2019.co.uk/people/mary-nuba-cholock/ |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Crypto Betting Sites |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Omulimu == === Omulimu gw’essomero === Yasomera mu St. Mary's High School, gye yabakiikirira mu mpaka z'amasomero z'eggwanga zinantameggwa wakati wa 2013 ne 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://journalism.mak.ac.ug/?q=news/251018/mary-nuba-future-uganda%E2%80%99s-netball |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-09-15 |archive-date=2024-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240919063447/https://journalism.mak.ac.ug/?q=news/251018/mary-nuba-future-uganda%E2%80%99s-netball |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Club ya NIC === Mu 2017, Mary yeegatta ku Kiraabu ya NIC ey'omupiira gw'okubaka era naagizannyira okuva mu 2017 okutuuka mu 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kangwana |first=Hillary |date=2026-01-09 |title=One of the tallest Netball player, perhaps! Meet Nuba, the 20 year old, 6.7 feet tall, Sudanese who plays for Uganda |url=https://newsblaze.co.ke/one-of-the-tallest-netball-player-perhaps-meet-nuba-the-20-year-old-6-7-feet-tall-sudanese-who-plays-for-uganda/ |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Newsblaze.co.ke |language=en-US}}</ref> === Yunivasite y’e Loughborough === Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2018, Mary yeegatta ku yunivasite ya Loughborough. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.swiftsportsug.com/blog/mary-nuba-eager-to-impress-at-loughborough-lightning/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-09-15 |archive-date=2020-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124180158/https://www.swiftsportsug.com/blog/mary-nuba-eager-to-impress-at-loughborough-lightning/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yazannya oluzannya lwe olusooka mu mupiira gwa [[:en:Loughborough_Lightning_(netball)|Loughborough Lightning]] ogwasooka mu liigi ne [[:en:Wasps_Netball|Kiraabu ya Wasps]] nga 5 Ogwolubereberye 2019 mu kisaawe kya Arena Birmingham. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.lboro.ac.uk/sport/news/2018/december/ugandan-mary-cholhok-signs-for-loughborough-lightn/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-09-15 |archive-date=2023-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004231610/https://www.lboro.ac.uk/sport/news/2018/december/ugandan-mary-cholhok-signs-for-loughborough-lightn/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://ugandaradionetwork.com/story/uganda-in-winning-start-at-world-university-netball-championships</ref> == Ttiimu y'eggwanga == Mary yazannya oluzannya lwe olwasooka mu mupiira gw'okubaka mu [[:en:Uganda_national_netball_team|ttiimu y'eggwanga eya Uganda netball]] mu mipiira gy'ensi yonna egya University egya 2018 mu [[:en:Kampala|Kampala]] . <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://journalism.mak.ac.ug/?q=news/251018/mary-nuba-future-uganda%E2%80%99s-netball |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-09-15 |archive-date=2024-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240919063447/https://journalism.mak.ac.ug/?q=news/251018/mary-nuba-future-uganda%E2%80%99s-netball |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yakiikirira Uganda ku [[:en:2019_Netball_World_Cup|kikopo ky'ensi yonna mu mupiira gw'okubaka mu mpaka za 2019]] e Bungereza. <ref>https://kawowo.com/2019/07/13/live-uganda-vs-samoa-2019-netball-world-cup/</ref> Mu Gwomwenda 2019, yagattibwa ku ttiimu ya Uganda mu [[:en:2019_African_Netball_Championships|mpaka za Africa eza nantameggwa mu kubaka eza 2019]] . <ref>https://kawowo.com/2019/09/16/she-cranes-regroup-for-training-ahead-of-africa-netball-championship/</ref> == Ebitiibwa == * Omuteebi w'okuntikko mu mpaka z’eggwanga ez’omupiira eza nantameggwa : 2016. * Omuteebi w'okuntikko mu mizannyo gya Yunivasite mu nsi yonna : 1: 2018 * Omuteebi asinga mu Super liigi y'omupiira gw'okubaka: 2: [[:en:2019_Netball_Superleague_season|2019]], <ref>https://kawowo.com/2019/05/20/mary-nuba-she-cranes-star-wins-vitality-netball-goalden-shot-award/</ref> [[:en:2021_Netball_Superleague_season|2021]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.netballsl.com/2021/06/24/vitality-netball-superleague-awards-2021/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-09-15 |archive-date=2025-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250222172457/https://www.netballsl.com/2021/06/24/vitality-netball-superleague-awards-2021/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Yawangula Engule ya Coveted Golden Shot Award okumala emyaka 3 egy'omuddiring'anwa <ref>https://kawowo.com/2021/10/08/mary-cholhok-she-cranes-shooter-stays-put-at-loughborough-lightning/</ref> == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == [[Category:Omupiira mu Uganda]] 4y93clzw0qoneokn26s4p030ud6zcf5 76270 76269 2026-10-10T10:13:40Z Thomas Eddie Irigei 11996 added citation 76270 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mary Cholhok Nuba''' (yazaalibwa 3 Ogwolubereberye 1997), era erinnya lye liwandiikibwa nga '''Mary Cholhock Nuba''', oluusi ayitibwa '''Mary Cholhok''' oba '''Mary Nuba''', Munnayuganda Omukugu mu kuzannya omupiira gw'okubaka enzaalwa y'amaserengeta ga Sudan. Azannyira mu tiimu ya [[:en:Queensland_Firebirds|Queensland Firebirds]] mu liigi ya [[:en:Suncorp_Super_Netball|Suncorp Super Netball]], ate mu [[:en:Uganda_national_netball_team|ttiimu ya Uganda ey’eggwanga ey’omupiira]] gw'okubaka azannya ng'omuteebi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Firebirds sign prolific shooter Cholhok - The Home of the Queensland Firebirds |url=https://firebirds.net.au/news/firebirds-sign-prolific-shooter-cholhok |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=firebirds.net.au |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Netball World Cup |url=https://www.nwc2019.co.uk/people/mary-nuba-cholock/ |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Crypto Betting Sites |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Omulimu == === Omulimu gw’essomero === Yasomera mu St. Mary's High School, gye yabakiikirira mu mpaka z'amasomero z'eggwanga zinantameggwa wakati wa 2013 ne 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://journalism.mak.ac.ug/?q=news/251018/mary-nuba-future-uganda%E2%80%99s-netball |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-09-15 |archive-date=2024-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240919063447/https://journalism.mak.ac.ug/?q=news/251018/mary-nuba-future-uganda%E2%80%99s-netball |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Club ya NIC === Mu 2017, Mary yeegatta ku Kiraabu ya NIC ey'omupiira gw'okubaka era naagizannyira okuva mu 2017 okutuuka mu 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kangwana |first=Hillary |date=2026-01-09 |title=One of the tallest Netball player, perhaps! Meet Nuba, the 20 year old, 6.7 feet tall, Sudanese who plays for Uganda |url=https://newsblaze.co.ke/one-of-the-tallest-netball-player-perhaps-meet-nuba-the-20-year-old-6-7-feet-tall-sudanese-who-plays-for-uganda/ |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Newsblaze.co.ke |language=en-US}}</ref> === Yunivasite y’e Loughborough === Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2018, Mary yeegatta ku yunivasite ya Loughborough. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.swiftsportsug.com/blog/mary-nuba-eager-to-impress-at-loughborough-lightning/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-09-15 |archive-date=2020-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124180158/https://www.swiftsportsug.com/blog/mary-nuba-eager-to-impress-at-loughborough-lightning/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yazannya oluzannya lwe olusooka mu mupiira gwa [[:en:Loughborough_Lightning_(netball)|Loughborough Lightning]] ogwasooka mu liigi ne [[:en:Wasps_Netball|Kiraabu ya Wasps]] nga 5 Ogwolubereberye 2019 mu kisaawe kya Arena Birmingham. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.lboro.ac.uk/sport/news/2018/december/ugandan-mary-cholhok-signs-for-loughborough-lightn/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-09-15 |archive-date=2023-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004231610/https://www.lboro.ac.uk/sport/news/2018/december/ugandan-mary-cholhok-signs-for-loughborough-lightn/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://ugandaradionetwork.com/story/uganda-in-winning-start-at-world-university-netball-championships</ref> == Ttiimu y'eggwanga == Mary yazannya oluzannya lwe olwasooka mu mupiira gw'okubaka mu [[:en:Uganda_national_netball_team|ttiimu y'eggwanga eya Uganda netball]] mu mipiira gy'ensi yonna egya University egya 2018 mu [[:en:Kampala|Kampala]] . <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://journalism.mak.ac.ug/?q=news/251018/mary-nuba-future-uganda%E2%80%99s-netball |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-09-15 |archive-date=2024-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240919063447/https://journalism.mak.ac.ug/?q=news/251018/mary-nuba-future-uganda%E2%80%99s-netball |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yakiikirira Uganda ku [[:en:2019_Netball_World_Cup|kikopo ky'ensi yonna mu mupiira gw'okubaka mu mpaka za 2019]] e Bungereza. <ref>https://kawowo.com/2019/07/13/live-uganda-vs-samoa-2019-netball-world-cup/</ref> Mu Gwomwenda 2019, yagattibwa ku ttiimu ya Uganda mu [[:en:2019_African_Netball_Championships|mpaka za Africa eza nantameggwa mu kubaka eza 2019]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaweru |first=Franklin |date=2019-09-16 |title=She Cranes regroup for training ahead of Africa Netball Championship |url=https://kawowo.com/2019/09/16/she-cranes-regroup-for-training-ahead-of-africa-netball-championship/ |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebitiibwa == * Omuteebi w'okuntikko mu mpaka z’eggwanga ez’omupiira eza nantameggwa : 2016. * Omuteebi w'okuntikko mu mizannyo gya Yunivasite mu nsi yonna : 1: 2018 * Omuteebi asinga mu Super liigi y'omupiira gw'okubaka: 2: [[:en:2019_Netball_Superleague_season|2019]], <ref>https://kawowo.com/2019/05/20/mary-nuba-she-cranes-star-wins-vitality-netball-goalden-shot-award/</ref> [[:en:2021_Netball_Superleague_season|2021]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.netballsl.com/2021/06/24/vitality-netball-superleague-awards-2021/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-09-15 |archive-date=2025-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250222172457/https://www.netballsl.com/2021/06/24/vitality-netball-superleague-awards-2021/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Yawangula Engule ya Coveted Golden Shot Award okumala emyaka 3 egy'omuddiring'anwa <ref>https://kawowo.com/2021/10/08/mary-cholhok-she-cranes-shooter-stays-put-at-loughborough-lightning/</ref> == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == [[Category:Omupiira mu Uganda]] jxe93k9lf2rmuc25atovw3za1d3cvwe 76273 76270 2026-10-10T10:14:43Z Thomas Eddie Irigei 11996 converted reference 76273 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mary Cholhok Nuba''' (yazaalibwa 3 Ogwolubereberye 1997), era erinnya lye liwandiikibwa nga '''Mary Cholhock Nuba''', oluusi ayitibwa '''Mary Cholhok''' oba '''Mary Nuba''', Munnayuganda Omukugu mu kuzannya omupiira gw'okubaka enzaalwa y'amaserengeta ga Sudan. Azannyira mu tiimu ya [[:en:Queensland_Firebirds|Queensland Firebirds]] mu liigi ya [[:en:Suncorp_Super_Netball|Suncorp Super Netball]], ate mu [[:en:Uganda_national_netball_team|ttiimu ya Uganda ey’eggwanga ey’omupiira]] gw'okubaka azannya ng'omuteebi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Firebirds sign prolific shooter Cholhok - The Home of the Queensland Firebirds |url=https://firebirds.net.au/news/firebirds-sign-prolific-shooter-cholhok |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=firebirds.net.au |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Netball World Cup |url=https://www.nwc2019.co.uk/people/mary-nuba-cholock/ |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Crypto Betting Sites |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Omulimu == === Omulimu gw’essomero === Yasomera mu St. Mary's High School, gye yabakiikirira mu mpaka z'amasomero z'eggwanga zinantameggwa wakati wa 2013 ne 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://journalism.mak.ac.ug/?q=news/251018/mary-nuba-future-uganda%E2%80%99s-netball |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-09-15 |archive-date=2024-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240919063447/https://journalism.mak.ac.ug/?q=news/251018/mary-nuba-future-uganda%E2%80%99s-netball |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Club ya NIC === Mu 2017, Mary yeegatta ku Kiraabu ya NIC ey'omupiira gw'okubaka era naagizannyira okuva mu 2017 okutuuka mu 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kangwana |first=Hillary |date=2026-01-09 |title=One of the tallest Netball player, perhaps! Meet Nuba, the 20 year old, 6.7 feet tall, Sudanese who plays for Uganda |url=https://newsblaze.co.ke/one-of-the-tallest-netball-player-perhaps-meet-nuba-the-20-year-old-6-7-feet-tall-sudanese-who-plays-for-uganda/ |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Newsblaze.co.ke |language=en-US}}</ref> === Yunivasite y’e Loughborough === Mu Gwekkumineebiri 2018, Mary yeegatta ku yunivasite ya Loughborough. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.swiftsportsug.com/blog/mary-nuba-eager-to-impress-at-loughborough-lightning/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-09-15 |archive-date=2020-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124180158/https://www.swiftsportsug.com/blog/mary-nuba-eager-to-impress-at-loughborough-lightning/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yazannya oluzannya lwe olusooka mu mupiira gwa [[:en:Loughborough_Lightning_(netball)|Loughborough Lightning]] ogwasooka mu liigi ne [[:en:Wasps_Netball|Kiraabu ya Wasps]] nga 5 Ogwolubereberye 2019 mu kisaawe kya Arena Birmingham. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.lboro.ac.uk/sport/news/2018/december/ugandan-mary-cholhok-signs-for-loughborough-lightn/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-09-15 |archive-date=2023-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231004231610/https://www.lboro.ac.uk/sport/news/2018/december/ugandan-mary-cholhok-signs-for-loughborough-lightn/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://ugandaradionetwork.com/story/uganda-in-winning-start-at-world-university-netball-championships</ref> == Ttiimu y'eggwanga == Mary yazannya oluzannya lwe olwasooka mu mupiira gw'okubaka mu [[:en:Uganda_national_netball_team|ttiimu y'eggwanga eya Uganda netball]] mu mipiira gy'ensi yonna egya University egya 2018 mu [[:en:Kampala|Kampala]] . <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://journalism.mak.ac.ug/?q=news/251018/mary-nuba-future-uganda%E2%80%99s-netball |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-09-15 |archive-date=2024-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240919063447/https://journalism.mak.ac.ug/?q=news/251018/mary-nuba-future-uganda%E2%80%99s-netball |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yakiikirira Uganda ku [[:en:2019_Netball_World_Cup|kikopo ky'ensi yonna mu mupiira gw'okubaka mu mpaka za 2019]] e Bungereza. <ref>https://kawowo.com/2019/07/13/live-uganda-vs-samoa-2019-netball-world-cup/</ref> Mu Gwomwenda 2019, yagattibwa ku ttiimu ya Uganda mu [[:en:2019_African_Netball_Championships|mpaka za Africa eza nantameggwa mu kubaka eza 2019]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaweru |first=Franklin |date=2019-09-16 |title=She Cranes regroup for training ahead of Africa Netball Championship |url=https://kawowo.com/2019/09/16/she-cranes-regroup-for-training-ahead-of-africa-netball-championship/ |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ebitiibwa == * Omuteebi w'okuntikko mu mpaka z’eggwanga ez’omupiira eza nantameggwa : 2016. * Omuteebi w'okuntikko mu mizannyo gya Yunivasite mu nsi yonna : 1: 2018 * Omuteebi asinga mu Super liigi y'omupiira gw'okubaka: 2: [[:en:2019_Netball_Superleague_season|2019]], <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaweru |first=Franklin |date=2019-05-20 |title=Mary Nuba: She Cranes star wins Vitality Netball Goalden Shot Award |url=https://kawowo.com/2019/05/20/mary-nuba-she-cranes-star-wins-vitality-netball-goalden-shot-award/ |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> [[:en:2021_Netball_Superleague_season|2021]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.netballsl.com/2021/06/24/vitality-netball-superleague-awards-2021/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-09-15 |archive-date=2025-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250222172457/https://www.netballsl.com/2021/06/24/vitality-netball-superleague-awards-2021/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Yawangula Engule ya Coveted Golden Shot Award okumala emyaka 3 egy'omuddiring'anwa <ref>https://kawowo.com/2021/10/08/mary-cholhok-she-cranes-shooter-stays-put-at-loughborough-lightning/</ref> == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == [[Category:Omupiira mu Uganda]] fm1czeqzurzffmvpj1xmh77ih5hbhyu 0 11900 76235 72953 2026-10-10T09:35:50Z Brigitte075 11997 removed external links, 76235 wikitext text/x-wiki Pulofeesa '''Robert Ikoja-Odongo''', naye '''Robert Ikoja Odongo''' oba mu bumpiimpi '''Robert Ikoja''' (yazaalibwa mu 1950), [[:en:Uganda|muddukanya]] [[:en:Academic|eby'ensoma]] omukulu [[Yuganda|mu Uganda]] . Mu kiseera kino ye [[:en:Vice_Chancellor|Vice Chancellor]] wa [[:en:Soroti_University|Soroti University]], Yunivaasite ya gavumenti mu Uganda. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ojore |first=Godfrey |date=8 September 2012 |title=Soroti University Leaders Named |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/635026-soroti-university-leaders-named.html-title=Soroti |access-date=31 January 2015}}</ref> == Ebimukwatako n’obuyigirize == Yazaalibwa Soroti, Uganda, circa mu 1950. Alina diguli esooka mu [[:en:Bachelor_of_Arts|Bachelor of Arts]], eyamuweebwa [[Makerere university]], yunivasite eya gavumenti esinga obunene era esinga obukadde mu ggwanga. Era alina diguli ey'okubiri mu [[:en:Master_of_Philosophy|Master of Philosophy]] mu Publishing Studies, gye yafuna okuva mu [[:en:University_of_Stirling|Yunivasite y’e Stirling]] mu [[:en:Scotland|Scotland]] . Diguli ye ey'okusatu eya [[:en:Doctor_of_Philosophy|Doctor of Philosophy]] mu Library and Information Science, yafunibwa okuva mu [[:en:University_of_Zululand|University of Zululand]] mu [[South Africa]] . <ref name="Profile">{{Cite web |title=Profile of Professor Robert Ikoja-Odongo |url=http://www.openair.org.za/user/91 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150129012810/http://www.openair.org.za/user/91 |archive-date=29 January 2015 |access-date=31 January 2015 |publisher=Openair.za}}</ref> == Omulimu == Ikoja-Odongo akoze emirimu egy’enjawulo mu [[Makerere University, Uganda|yunivasite y’e Makerere]], omuli gino wamanga: <ref name="Profile"/> * Omukulu w’ettendekero lya kompyuta n’amawulire * Akulira ettendekero ly’eby’eneeyisa n'etegeera y'abantu mu yunivasite y’e Makerere * Omusomesa mu ttendekero lino erya East African School of Library and Information Science. Mu August wa 2012, yalondebwa okuba Vice-Chancellor wa [[:en:Soroti_University|Soroti University]] eyali yaakatondebwawo mu kiseera ekyo era n’alondebwa okukulira akakiiko akavunaanyizibwa ku kutandikawo yunivasite eno. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 September 2012 |title=Inaugural Acceptance Speech by Professor Ikoja Odongo Chairperson of the Taskforce and Vice Chancellor Soroti University |url=http://www.sun.ac.ug/data/dnews/2/Inaugural-Acceptance-Speech-by-Prof.-Ikoja-Odongo-Chairperson-of-the-Taskforce-and-Vice-Chancellor-Soroti-University.html |access-date=31 January 2015 |publisher=[[Soroti University]] |archive-date=16 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150116041447/http://www.sun.ac.ug/data/dnews/2/Inaugural-Acceptance-Speech-by-Prof.-Ikoja-Odongo-Chairperson-of-the-Taskforce-and-Vice-Chancellor-Soroti-University.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Obukugubwe mu buwandiisi == Mu myaka gy’amaze ng’akola yeetaba mu kunoonyereza okusinga naddala mu ssaayansi w’amaterekero g’ebitabo ne ssaayansi w’amawulire ebimufudde omu ku bakugu ab’oku ntikko mu ggwanga. ebimu ku bikolwa bye kuliko; ''Okwetaaga amawulire n'enneeyisa y'okunoonya amawulire ey'abavubi b'emikono mu Uganda'' . Okunoonyereza kuno kwalaga nti abavubi beetaaga amawulire ag’enjawulo okusobola okukola obulungi emirimu <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ikoja-Odongo |first1=Robert |last2=Ocholla |first2=Dennis N. |date=March 2003 |title=Information needs and information-seeking behavior of artisan fisher folk of Uganda |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_library-information-science-research_2003_25_1/page/89 |journal=Library & Information Science Research |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=89–105 |doi=10.1016/S0740-8188(02)00167-6}}{{primary source inline|date=August 2023}}</ref>. ''Enneeyisa y’okunoonya amawulire ey’abasuubuzi b’ekitongole ebitali bya gavumeenti: Obumanyirivu mu Uganda.'' Ebivuddemu biraga nti enkola ez’omulembe/ez’enjawulo ez’okutambuza amawulire nga zeesigamiziddwa ku mikutu gy’amawulire egy’ebiwandiiko ne ICT ziraga akakwate katono ku byetaago by’amawulire n’okukozesebwa kw’abasuubuzi ku mitendera egy’amaanyi olw’obwavu, obutasoma n’ebikozesebwa ebibi eby’amawulire.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ikoja-Odongo |first1=Robert |last2=Ocholla |first2=Dennis N. |date=March 2003 |title=Information needs and information-seeking behavior of artisan fisher folk of Uganda |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_library-information-science-research_2003_25_1/page/89 |journal=Library & Information Science Research |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=89–105 |doi=10.1016/S0740-8188(02)00167-6}}{{primary source inline|date=August 2023}}</ref>''Okukozesa tekinologiya w'amawulire n'empuliziganya (ICT) mu kufuna n'okubunyisa amawulire g'ebyobulamu mu Uganda'' . Okunoonyereza kuno kwalaga nti okusoomoozebwa okuwerako kulina okukolebwako singa omugaso omujjuvu ogw’okukozesa tekinologiya ICT mu kufuna n’okubunyisa amawulire agakwata ku by’obulamu gunaatuukirira mu Uganda.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ikoja-Odongo |first1=Robert |last2=Ocholla |first2=Dennis N. |date=March 2003 |title=Information needs and information-seeking behavior of artisan fisher folk of Uganda |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_library-information-science-research_2003_25_1/page/89 |journal=Library & Information Science Research |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=89–105 |doi=10.1016/S0740-8188(02)00167-6}}{{primary source inline|date=August 2023}}</ref> ''Enkosa ya cybercafes ku mpeereza y’amawulire mu Uganda.'' okunoonyereza kwateesa nti enkola za ICT ziteekebwewo era kompyuta ne yintaneeti bifuulibwe ekitundu ku nsoma y’amasomero okusobola okuwa Bannayuganda obukugu obwetaagisa n’okugaziya empeereza zino empya eza yintaneeti ne ku bantu b’omu byalo mu Uganda.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ikoja-Odongo |first1=Robert |last2=Ocholla |first2=Dennis N. |date=March 2003 |title=Information needs and information-seeking behavior of artisan fisher folk of Uganda |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_library-information-science-research_2003_25_1/page/89 |journal=Library & Information Science Research |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=89–105 |doi=10.1016/S0740-8188(02)00167-6}}{{primary source inline|date=August 2023}}</ref> ''Ebyetaago by’amawulire n’enkozesa mu balimi b’omu bibuga mu saza ly’e Kampala mu Uganda.'' Okunoonyereza kuno kwakkaatirizza obwetaavu bw’okubunyisa amawulire agakwata ku bulimi mu kibuga Kampala okusinziira ku bibiina by’ebitongole by’abalimi b’omu bibuga n’obwetaavu bwabwe obw’amawulire.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ikoja-Odongo |first1=Robert |last2=Ocholla |first2=Dennis N. |date=March 2003 |title=Information needs and information-seeking behavior of artisan fisher folk of Uganda |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_library-information-science-research_2003_25_1/page/89 |journal=Library & Information Science Research |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=89–105 |doi=10.1016/S0740-8188(02)00167-6}}{{primary source inline|date=August 2023}}</ref> ku byetaago by’amawulire n’enkozesa y’ekitongole ekitali kya gavumeenti mu Uganda. Okunoonyereza kuno kwasalawo ebyetaago by’amawulire n’enkozesa y’ekitongole ekitali kya gavumeent mu Uganda.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ikoja-Odongo |first1=Robert |last2=Ocholla |first2=Dennis N. |date=March 2003 |title=Information needs and information-seeking behavior of artisan fisher folk of Uganda |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_library-information-science-research_2003_25_1/page/89 |journal=Library & Information Science Research |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=89–105 |doi=10.1016/S0740-8188(02)00167-6}}{{primary source inline|date=August 2023}}</ref> Ebyobufuzi by’etterekero ly’ebitabo ery’olukale: Endowooza ya Banayuganda. Ekiwandiiko kyateekawo enneewulira z’ababuuziddwa ku bukulu bw’empeereza y’amaterekero g’ebitabo ag’olukale n’ebizibu ebibakosa. <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ikoja-Odongo |first1=Robert |last2=Ocholla |first2=Dennis N. |date=March 2003 |title=Information needs and information-seeking behavior of artisan fisher folk of Uganda |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_library-information-science-research_2003_25_1/page/89 |journal=Library & Information Science Research |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=89–105 |doi=10.1016/S0740-8188(02)00167-6}}{{primary source inline|date=August 2023}}</ref>''Enkola y'okukulaakukulanya omusingi gw'okumanya okusinzira ku kw'obutonde bw'ensi enzaaliranwa mu Uganda'' . Ekiwandiiko kino kyayanjula enkola y’okuwandiika okumanya enzaalwa mu Uganda era ne kireeta ensonga okuwandiika n’okukozesa okukulaakulanya enkola eno.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ikoja-Odongo |first1=Robert |last2=Ocholla |first2=Dennis N. |date=March 2003 |title=Information needs and information-seeking behavior of artisan fisher folk of Uganda |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_library-information-science-research_2003_25_1/page/89 |journal=Library & Information Science Research |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=89–105 |doi=10.1016/S0740-8188(02)00167-6}}{{primary source inline|date=August 2023}}</ref> ''Okunoonyereza okw'okwetegereza ku nneeyisa y'okunoonya amawulire n'okubunyisa amawulire mu bitongole mu eby'abantu mu Uganda'' . Okunoonyereza kuno kwazuula nti abasuubuzi banoonya n’okubunyisa amawulire okusinga mu ngeri etali ntongole ne mu kyogera.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ikoja-Odongo |first1=Robert |last2=Ocholla |first2=Dennis N. |date=March 2003 |title=Information needs and information-seeking behavior of artisan fisher folk of Uganda |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_library-information-science-research_2003_25_1/page/89 |journal=Library & Information Science Research |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=89–105 |doi=10.1016/S0740-8188(02)00167-6}}{{primary source inline|date=August 2023}}</ref> ''Etterekero ly’ebitabo ery’obwannannyini ery’eŋŋamira lireeta essuubi eri abaluunzi: obumanyirivu bw’a Banakenya'' . Ekiwandiiko kino kyogera ku buyiiya obukoleddwa mu kitongole ky’amaterekero g’ebitabo mu ggwanga ekya Kenya, Camel Library Service (CLS) mu ssaza ly’obukiikakkono bw’obuvanjuba mu Kenya.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ikoja-Odongo |first1=Robert |last2=Ocholla |first2=Dennis N. |date=March 2003 |title=Information needs and information-seeking behavior of artisan fisher folk of Uganda |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_library-information-science-research_2003_25_1/page/89 |journal=Library & Information Science Research |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=89–105 |doi=10.1016/S0740-8188(02)00167-6}}{{primary source inline|date=August 2023}}</ref> Enkola ya Uganda ey'amaterekero g'ebitabo ag'olukale n'obuweereza okuva mu biseera by'amatwale okutuuka kati. Ekiwandiiko kino kyalondoola ebyafaayo by’ekitongole kya Public Library Service mu Uganda okuva mu biseera by’amatwale. <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ikoja-Odongo |first1=Robert |last2=Ocholla |first2=Dennis N. |date=March 2003 |title=Information needs and information-seeking behavior of artisan fisher folk of Uganda |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_library-information-science-research_2003_25_1/page/89 |journal=Library & Information Science Research |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=89–105 |doi=10.1016/S0740-8188(02)00167-6}}{{primary source inline|date=August 2023}}</ref> == Obuvunaanyizibwa obulala == Pulofeesa Robert Ikoja-Odongo mwami mufumbo era taata. == Laba ne ==   == Ebiwandiiko ebikozesebwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * Omukutu gwa yunivasite ya Soroti * Makerere Yatikkirwa diguli 67 eza PhD * 2015 Agenda Kubeera Mukulu Mu Byenjigiriza * Amaka 300 Agabeera Mu Kutya Okugobwa [[Category:Abaasomera ku Makerere University]] 55tosmuw7gpindu2bpe95rb3d3iyia8 0 11950 76233 72321 2026-10-10T09:34:29Z Issamigos23 12004 removed external link 76233 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ernest Shalita''' (1936-2012) yali [[mulabirizi]] [[Omukulisitaayo]] : yaweereza ng' [[Omulabiriza w'e Muhabura]] eyasooka nga bwakatandikibwa okuva mu 1990 okutuuka mu 2002. Shalita yazaalibwa Rwaramba mu [[Kisoro (disitulikit)|Disitulikiti y’e Kisoro]] . Yasomera ku ssomero ly'ekkanisa erya Rwaramba, Seseme Primary School, [[Mbarara High School]] ne [[yunivasite ya Bishop Stuart]] . Yatuuzibwa mu 1965.Yaweereza mu [[Bulabirizi bw'e Kigezi]] era yeeyali [[Vviika genero]] eyasooka owa Lutikko y’Abatukuvu bonna ey'e [[Nakasero]] . == Ebijuliziddwa == # The Observer (Uganda) # "The Tale of Two Churches" Dopp, W.F. p24: Bloomington; Trafford; 2009 {{ISBN|978-1-4269-1786-8}} # New Vision{{Reflist|1}} [[Category:Eddiini mu Buganda]] rvjy1ujpptnjga147byppbhb1pmxwoi 0 12175 76243 61719 2026-10-10T09:42:36Z Thomas Eddie Irigei 11996 removed external link 76243 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Amos Mubunga Kambere''' muwandiisi wa Uganda–Canada, omukugu mu by’enjigiriza, era eyali omubaka wa Palamenti mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] . Mu 1980, Amos Mubunga Kambere yafuuka omubaka wa Palamenti ya [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] asinga obuto ku myaka abiri mu mukaaga ng’akiikirira Bukiikaddyo bwa Kasese. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-09 |title=What NRM can do to regain Kasese |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/people-power/what-nrm-can-do-to-regain-kasese-1861052 |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Muwandiisi era awandiise ekitabo ekiyitibwa Celebrating Literacy in the Rwenzori Region: Lest We Forget: A Biographical Narrative of Uganda’s Youngest Member of Parliament, 1980–1985. Ekitabo kino kirina omuko ogw'okubiri ku [[:en:Amazon_(company)|mukutu gwa Amazon]] . == Ebikwata ku bulamu bwe == Amos Mubunga Kambere yazaalibwa mu 1954 e Kyarumba [[:en:Kasese_District|mu Disitulikiti y’e Kasese]] mu Bugwanjuba bwa Uganda, nga yakulira ku nsozi za Rwenzori. Yasomerako ku Kyarumba Primary School nga tannayingira siniya mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda [[:en:Kampala|Kampala]] . Oluvannyuma yasoma eby’enfuna n’ebyenjigiriza mu [[:en:Kyambogo_University|Kyambogo University]] College. Mu 1978, Amos yagenda e [[:en:Kabale|Kabale]], disitulikiti eri mu kitundu ky’obukiikaddyo bw'obugwanjuba bwa Uganda gye yasomesa ku ssomero lya Kigezi High School ng’akulira ekitongole ky'essomo ly’ebyobusuubuzi. Era yali akola nga kapiteeni wa ttiimu y’omupiira ey’omu kitundu eyitibwa Kabale Town Council (KTC). == Ebyobufuzi bye == Oluvannyuma lw’okumala akaseera katono ng’omusomesa e Kabale, Amos yaddayo mu [disitulikiti y’e Kasese] gye yeesanga ng’ali mu byobufuzi oluvannyuma lw'okusunsulwa okukiikirira ekitundu ky’e Kasese South wansi w’ekibiina kya Uganda Peoples Congress ng’omukwasi wa bendera yaakyo. Mu kiseera ekyo, Amos Mubunga yali yeegasse ku kibiina ky’ebyobufuzi [[:en:Uganda_People's_Congress|ekya Uganda Peoples Congress]] ekyali kikulirwa [[:en:Milton_Obote|Milton Obote]] bwe yali mu Kigezi Highschool. Amos Mubunga Kambere yayitamu mu [[:en:1980_Ugandan_general_election|kulonda kwa Uganda okwa 1980]], ekyamufuula omubaka asinga obuto mu palamenti mu lukiiko lwa Uganda olwokusatu. == Ebitabo bye == Amos Mubunga awandiise ebitabo ebiwerako omuli; Celebrating Literacy in the Rwenzori Region: Lest We Forget: A Biographical Narrative of Uganda's Youngest Member of Parliament, 1980–1985, mw’awandiika olugendo lw’omutendera ku mutendera olwamutuusa ku kufuuka omubaka wa palamenti asinga obuto mu Uganda. <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=ej5VzQEACAAJ</ref> <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=ej5VzQEACAAJ</ref> Mu kitabo kino ekyafulumizibwa mu 2011, era anyumya ku kitundu kya Rwenzori mu Uganda n’olutalo lwa Bakonzo olw’okusiimibwa. == Obulamu obw’obuntu == Amos Kambere mufumbo ne Edith Kambere era bonna balina abaana bana ab’obulenzi. Babeera Canada gy’akyagenda mu maaso n’okuwagira abagwiira n’amaka g’ababundabunda ng’ayita mu kibiina kya Umoja Operation Compassion Society. <ref>https://bhayanafoundation.org/winner/amos-kambere/</ref> <ref>https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/surrey-refugees-syrian-1.3315644</ref> <ref>https://www.surreynowleader.com/news/scholarship-program-launched-for-immigrant-youth-in-surrey/</ref> Mu Canada, Amos Mubunga yasoma eby’okuddukanya emirimu n’abakozi mu British Columbia Institute of Technology. == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] gra3w4bxot9yxritglhv1dpqu34503h 76244 76243 2026-10-10T09:43:15Z Thomas Eddie Irigei 11996 converted reference 76244 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Amos Mubunga Kambere''' muwandiisi wa Uganda–Canada, omukugu mu by’enjigiriza, era eyali omubaka wa Palamenti mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] . Mu 1980, Amos Mubunga Kambere yafuuka omubaka wa Palamenti ya [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] asinga obuto ku myaka abiri mu mukaaga ng’akiikirira Bukiikaddyo bwa Kasese. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-09 |title=What NRM can do to regain Kasese |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/people-power/what-nrm-can-do-to-regain-kasese-1861052 |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Muwandiisi era awandiise ekitabo ekiyitibwa Celebrating Literacy in the Rwenzori Region: Lest We Forget: A Biographical Narrative of Uganda’s Youngest Member of Parliament, 1980–1985. Ekitabo kino kirina omuko ogw'okubiri ku [[:en:Amazon_(company)|mukutu gwa Amazon]] . == Ebikwata ku bulamu bwe == Amos Mubunga Kambere yazaalibwa mu 1954 e Kyarumba [[:en:Kasese_District|mu Disitulikiti y’e Kasese]] mu Bugwanjuba bwa Uganda, nga yakulira ku nsozi za Rwenzori. Yasomerako ku Kyarumba Primary School nga tannayingira siniya mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda [[:en:Kampala|Kampala]] . Oluvannyuma yasoma eby’enfuna n’ebyenjigiriza mu [[:en:Kyambogo_University|Kyambogo University]] College. Mu 1978, Amos yagenda e [[:en:Kabale|Kabale]], disitulikiti eri mu kitundu ky’obukiikaddyo bw'obugwanjuba bwa Uganda gye yasomesa ku ssomero lya Kigezi High School ng’akulira ekitongole ky'essomo ly’ebyobusuubuzi. Era yali akola nga kapiteeni wa ttiimu y’omupiira ey’omu kitundu eyitibwa Kabale Town Council (KTC). == Ebyobufuzi bye == Oluvannyuma lw’okumala akaseera katono ng’omusomesa e Kabale, Amos yaddayo mu [disitulikiti y’e Kasese] gye yeesanga ng’ali mu byobufuzi oluvannyuma lw'okusunsulwa okukiikirira ekitundu ky’e Kasese South wansi w’ekibiina kya Uganda Peoples Congress ng’omukwasi wa bendera yaakyo. Mu kiseera ekyo, Amos Mubunga yali yeegasse ku kibiina ky’ebyobufuzi [[:en:Uganda_People's_Congress|ekya Uganda Peoples Congress]] ekyali kikulirwa [[:en:Milton_Obote|Milton Obote]] bwe yali mu Kigezi Highschool. Amos Mubunga Kambere yayitamu mu [[:en:1980_Ugandan_general_election|kulonda kwa Uganda okwa 1980]], ekyamufuula omubaka asinga obuto mu palamenti mu lukiiko lwa Uganda olwokusatu. == Ebitabo bye == Amos Mubunga awandiise ebitabo ebiwerako omuli; Celebrating Literacy in the Rwenzori Region: Lest We Forget: A Biographical Narrative of Uganda's Youngest Member of Parliament, 1980–1985, mw’awandiika olugendo lw’omutendera ku mutendera olwamutuusa ku kufuuka omubaka wa palamenti asinga obuto mu Uganda. <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=ej5VzQEACAAJ</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Kambe |first=Amos Mubunga |date=2020-02-24 |title=Celebrating Literacy in the Rwenzori Region (Second Edition): Lest We Forget: a Biographical Narrative of Uganda'S Youngest Member of Parliament, 1980-1985 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ej5VzQEACAAJ |publisher=Go to Publish |isbn=978-1-64749-060-7 |language=en}}</ref> Mu kitabo kino ekyafulumizibwa mu 2011, era anyumya ku kitundu kya Rwenzori mu Uganda n’olutalo lwa Bakonzo olw’okusiimibwa. == Obulamu obw’obuntu == Amos Kambere mufumbo ne Edith Kambere era bonna balina abaana bana ab’obulenzi. Babeera Canada gy’akyagenda mu maaso n’okuwagira abagwiira n’amaka g’ababundabunda ng’ayita mu kibiina kya Umoja Operation Compassion Society. <ref>https://bhayanafoundation.org/winner/amos-kambere/</ref> <ref>https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/surrey-refugees-syrian-1.3315644</ref> <ref>https://www.surreynowleader.com/news/scholarship-program-launched-for-immigrant-youth-in-surrey/</ref> Mu Canada, Amos Mubunga yasoma eby’okuddukanya emirimu n’abakozi mu British Columbia Institute of Technology. == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] gh4f1lu1yhgy51c04aokgq7fl7xk44p 76245 76244 2026-10-10T09:43:43Z Thomas Eddie Irigei 11996 converted reference 76245 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Amos Mubunga Kambere''' muwandiisi wa Uganda–Canada, omukugu mu by’enjigiriza, era eyali omubaka wa Palamenti mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] . Mu 1980, Amos Mubunga Kambere yafuuka omubaka wa Palamenti ya [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] asinga obuto ku myaka abiri mu mukaaga ng’akiikirira Bukiikaddyo bwa Kasese. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-09 |title=What NRM can do to regain Kasese |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/people-power/what-nrm-can-do-to-regain-kasese-1861052 |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Muwandiisi era awandiise ekitabo ekiyitibwa Celebrating Literacy in the Rwenzori Region: Lest We Forget: A Biographical Narrative of Uganda’s Youngest Member of Parliament, 1980–1985. Ekitabo kino kirina omuko ogw'okubiri ku [[:en:Amazon_(company)|mukutu gwa Amazon]] . == Ebikwata ku bulamu bwe == Amos Mubunga Kambere yazaalibwa mu 1954 e Kyarumba [[:en:Kasese_District|mu Disitulikiti y’e Kasese]] mu Bugwanjuba bwa Uganda, nga yakulira ku nsozi za Rwenzori. Yasomerako ku Kyarumba Primary School nga tannayingira siniya mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda [[:en:Kampala|Kampala]] . Oluvannyuma yasoma eby’enfuna n’ebyenjigiriza mu [[:en:Kyambogo_University|Kyambogo University]] College. Mu 1978, Amos yagenda e [[:en:Kabale|Kabale]], disitulikiti eri mu kitundu ky’obukiikaddyo bw'obugwanjuba bwa Uganda gye yasomesa ku ssomero lya Kigezi High School ng’akulira ekitongole ky'essomo ly’ebyobusuubuzi. Era yali akola nga kapiteeni wa ttiimu y’omupiira ey’omu kitundu eyitibwa Kabale Town Council (KTC). == Ebyobufuzi bye == Oluvannyuma lw’okumala akaseera katono ng’omusomesa e Kabale, Amos yaddayo mu [disitulikiti y’e Kasese] gye yeesanga ng’ali mu byobufuzi oluvannyuma lw'okusunsulwa okukiikirira ekitundu ky’e Kasese South wansi w’ekibiina kya Uganda Peoples Congress ng’omukwasi wa bendera yaakyo. Mu kiseera ekyo, Amos Mubunga yali yeegasse ku kibiina ky’ebyobufuzi [[:en:Uganda_People's_Congress|ekya Uganda Peoples Congress]] ekyali kikulirwa [[:en:Milton_Obote|Milton Obote]] bwe yali mu Kigezi Highschool. Amos Mubunga Kambere yayitamu mu [[:en:1980_Ugandan_general_election|kulonda kwa Uganda okwa 1980]], ekyamufuula omubaka asinga obuto mu palamenti mu lukiiko lwa Uganda olwokusatu. == Ebitabo bye == Amos Mubunga awandiise ebitabo ebiwerako omuli; Celebrating Literacy in the Rwenzori Region: Lest We Forget: A Biographical Narrative of Uganda's Youngest Member of Parliament, 1980–1985, mw’awandiika olugendo lw’omutendera ku mutendera olwamutuusa ku kufuuka omubaka wa palamenti asinga obuto mu Uganda. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Kambe |first=Amos Mubunga |date=2020-02-24 |title=Celebrating Literacy in the Rwenzori Region (Second Edition): Lest We Forget: a Biographical Narrative of Uganda'S Youngest Member of Parliament, 1980-1985 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ej5VzQEACAAJ |publisher=Go to Publish |isbn=978-1-64749-060-7 |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Kambe |first=Amos Mubunga |date=2020-02-24 |title=Celebrating Literacy in the Rwenzori Region (Second Edition): Lest We Forget: a Biographical Narrative of Uganda'S Youngest Member of Parliament, 1980-1985 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ej5VzQEACAAJ |publisher=Go to Publish |isbn=978-1-64749-060-7 |language=en}}</ref> Mu kitabo kino ekyafulumizibwa mu 2011, era anyumya ku kitundu kya Rwenzori mu Uganda n’olutalo lwa Bakonzo olw’okusiimibwa. == Obulamu obw’obuntu == Amos Kambere mufumbo ne Edith Kambere era bonna balina abaana bana ab’obulenzi. Babeera Canada gy’akyagenda mu maaso n’okuwagira abagwiira n’amaka g’ababundabunda ng’ayita mu kibiina kya Umoja Operation Compassion Society. <ref>https://bhayanafoundation.org/winner/amos-kambere/</ref> <ref>https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/surrey-refugees-syrian-1.3315644</ref> <ref>https://www.surreynowleader.com/news/scholarship-program-launched-for-immigrant-youth-in-surrey/</ref> Mu Canada, Amos Mubunga yasoma eby’okuddukanya emirimu n’abakozi mu British Columbia Institute of Technology. == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] 03i4teelknd5ad70v3cmqs4jy7yz3sy 76246 76245 2026-10-10T09:44:32Z Thomas Eddie Irigei 11996 converted reference 76246 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Amos Mubunga Kambere''' muwandiisi wa Uganda–Canada, omukugu mu by’enjigiriza, era eyali omubaka wa Palamenti mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] . Mu 1980, Amos Mubunga Kambere yafuuka omubaka wa Palamenti ya [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] asinga obuto ku myaka abiri mu mukaaga ng’akiikirira Bukiikaddyo bwa Kasese. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-09 |title=What NRM can do to regain Kasese |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/people-power/what-nrm-can-do-to-regain-kasese-1861052 |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Muwandiisi era awandiise ekitabo ekiyitibwa Celebrating Literacy in the Rwenzori Region: Lest We Forget: A Biographical Narrative of Uganda’s Youngest Member of Parliament, 1980–1985. Ekitabo kino kirina omuko ogw'okubiri ku [[:en:Amazon_(company)|mukutu gwa Amazon]] . == Ebikwata ku bulamu bwe == Amos Mubunga Kambere yazaalibwa mu 1954 e Kyarumba [[:en:Kasese_District|mu Disitulikiti y’e Kasese]] mu Bugwanjuba bwa Uganda, nga yakulira ku nsozi za Rwenzori. Yasomerako ku Kyarumba Primary School nga tannayingira siniya mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda [[:en:Kampala|Kampala]] . Oluvannyuma yasoma eby’enfuna n’ebyenjigiriza mu [[:en:Kyambogo_University|Kyambogo University]] College. Mu 1978, Amos yagenda e [[:en:Kabale|Kabale]], disitulikiti eri mu kitundu ky’obukiikaddyo bw'obugwanjuba bwa Uganda gye yasomesa ku ssomero lya Kigezi High School ng’akulira ekitongole ky'essomo ly’ebyobusuubuzi. Era yali akola nga kapiteeni wa ttiimu y’omupiira ey’omu kitundu eyitibwa Kabale Town Council (KTC). == Ebyobufuzi bye == Oluvannyuma lw’okumala akaseera katono ng’omusomesa e Kabale, Amos yaddayo mu [disitulikiti y’e Kasese] gye yeesanga ng’ali mu byobufuzi oluvannyuma lw'okusunsulwa okukiikirira ekitundu ky’e Kasese South wansi w’ekibiina kya Uganda Peoples Congress ng’omukwasi wa bendera yaakyo. Mu kiseera ekyo, Amos Mubunga yali yeegasse ku kibiina ky’ebyobufuzi [[:en:Uganda_People's_Congress|ekya Uganda Peoples Congress]] ekyali kikulirwa [[:en:Milton_Obote|Milton Obote]] bwe yali mu Kigezi Highschool. Amos Mubunga Kambere yayitamu mu [[:en:1980_Ugandan_general_election|kulonda kwa Uganda okwa 1980]], ekyamufuula omubaka asinga obuto mu palamenti mu lukiiko lwa Uganda olwokusatu. == Ebitabo bye == Amos Mubunga awandiise ebitabo ebiwerako omuli; Celebrating Literacy in the Rwenzori Region: Lest We Forget: A Biographical Narrative of Uganda's Youngest Member of Parliament, 1980–1985, mw’awandiika olugendo lw’omutendera ku mutendera olwamutuusa ku kufuuka omubaka wa palamenti asinga obuto mu Uganda. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Kambe |first=Amos Mubunga |date=2020-02-24 |title=Celebrating Literacy in the Rwenzori Region (Second Edition): Lest We Forget: a Biographical Narrative of Uganda'S Youngest Member of Parliament, 1980-1985 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ej5VzQEACAAJ |publisher=Go to Publish |isbn=978-1-64749-060-7 |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Kambe |first=Amos Mubunga |date=2020-02-24 |title=Celebrating Literacy in the Rwenzori Region (Second Edition): Lest We Forget: a Biographical Narrative of Uganda'S Youngest Member of Parliament, 1980-1985 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ej5VzQEACAAJ |publisher=Go to Publish |isbn=978-1-64749-060-7 |language=en}}</ref> Mu kitabo kino ekyafulumizibwa mu 2011, era anyumya ku kitundu kya Rwenzori mu Uganda n’olutalo lwa Bakonzo olw’okusiimibwa. == Obulamu obw’obuntu == Amos Kambere mufumbo ne Edith Kambere era bonna balina abaana bana ab’obulenzi. Babeera Canada gy’akyagenda mu maaso n’okuwagira abagwiira n’amaka g’ababundabunda ng’ayita mu kibiina kya Umoja Operation Compassion Society. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Amos Kambere {{!}} |url=https://bhayanafoundation.org/winner/amos-kambere/ |access-date=2026-10-10 |language=en-CA}}</ref> <ref>https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/surrey-refugees-syrian-1.3315644</ref> <ref>https://www.surreynowleader.com/news/scholarship-program-launched-for-immigrant-youth-in-surrey/</ref> Mu Canada, Amos Mubunga yasoma eby’okuddukanya emirimu n’abakozi mu British Columbia Institute of Technology. == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] 7la1qzoagki9wrg8x3mef4cee0vgk89 76248 76246 2026-10-10T09:47:42Z Thomas Eddie Irigei 11996 converted reference 76248 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Amos Mubunga Kambere''' muwandiisi wa Uganda–Canada, omukugu mu by’enjigiriza, era eyali omubaka wa Palamenti mu [[:en:Parliament_of_Uganda|Palamenti ya Uganda]] . Mu 1980, Amos Mubunga Kambere yafuuka omubaka wa Palamenti ya [[:en:Uganda|Uganda]] asinga obuto ku myaka abiri mu mukaaga ng’akiikirira Bukiikaddyo bwa Kasese. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-09 |title=What NRM can do to regain Kasese |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/people-power/what-nrm-can-do-to-regain-kasese-1861052 |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Muwandiisi era awandiise ekitabo ekiyitibwa Celebrating Literacy in the Rwenzori Region: Lest We Forget: A Biographical Narrative of Uganda’s Youngest Member of Parliament, 1980–1985. Ekitabo kino kirina omuko ogw'okubiri ku [[:en:Amazon_(company)|mukutu gwa Amazon]] . == Ebikwata ku bulamu bwe == Amos Mubunga Kambere yazaalibwa mu 1954 e Kyarumba [[:en:Kasese_District|mu Disitulikiti y’e Kasese]] mu Bugwanjuba bwa Uganda, nga yakulira ku nsozi za Rwenzori. Yasomerako ku Kyarumba Primary School nga tannayingira siniya mu kibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda [[:en:Kampala|Kampala]] . Oluvannyuma yasoma eby’enfuna n’ebyenjigiriza mu [[:en:Kyambogo_University|Kyambogo University]] College. Mu 1978, Amos yagenda e [[:en:Kabale|Kabale]], disitulikiti eri mu kitundu ky’obukiikaddyo bw'obugwanjuba bwa Uganda gye yasomesa ku ssomero lya Kigezi High School ng’akulira ekitongole ky'essomo ly’ebyobusuubuzi. Era yali akola nga kapiteeni wa ttiimu y’omupiira ey’omu kitundu eyitibwa Kabale Town Council (KTC). == Ebyobufuzi bye == Oluvannyuma lw’okumala akaseera katono ng’omusomesa e Kabale, Amos yaddayo mu [disitulikiti y’e Kasese] gye yeesanga ng’ali mu byobufuzi oluvannyuma lw'okusunsulwa okukiikirira ekitundu ky’e Kasese South wansi w’ekibiina kya Uganda Peoples Congress ng’omukwasi wa bendera yaakyo. Mu kiseera ekyo, Amos Mubunga yali yeegasse ku kibiina ky’ebyobufuzi [[:en:Uganda_People's_Congress|ekya Uganda Peoples Congress]] ekyali kikulirwa [[:en:Milton_Obote|Milton Obote]] bwe yali mu Kigezi Highschool. Amos Mubunga Kambere yayitamu mu [[:en:1980_Ugandan_general_election|kulonda kwa Uganda okwa 1980]], ekyamufuula omubaka asinga obuto mu palamenti mu lukiiko lwa Uganda olwokusatu. == Ebitabo bye == Amos Mubunga awandiise ebitabo ebiwerako omuli; Celebrating Literacy in the Rwenzori Region: Lest We Forget: A Biographical Narrative of Uganda's Youngest Member of Parliament, 1980–1985, mw’awandiika olugendo lw’omutendera ku mutendera olwamutuusa ku kufuuka omubaka wa palamenti asinga obuto mu Uganda. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Kambe |first=Amos Mubunga |date=2020-02-24 |title=Celebrating Literacy in the Rwenzori Region (Second Edition): Lest We Forget: a Biographical Narrative of Uganda'S Youngest Member of Parliament, 1980-1985 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ej5VzQEACAAJ |publisher=Go to Publish |isbn=978-1-64749-060-7 |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Kambe |first=Amos Mubunga |date=2020-02-24 |title=Celebrating Literacy in the Rwenzori Region (Second Edition): Lest We Forget: a Biographical Narrative of Uganda'S Youngest Member of Parliament, 1980-1985 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ej5VzQEACAAJ |publisher=Go to Publish |isbn=978-1-64749-060-7 |language=en}}</ref> Mu kitabo kino ekyafulumizibwa mu 2011, era anyumya ku kitundu kya Rwenzori mu Uganda n’olutalo lwa Bakonzo olw’okusiimibwa. == Obulamu obw’obuntu == Amos Kambere mufumbo ne Edith Kambere era bonna balina abaana bana ab’obulenzi. Babeera Canada gy’akyagenda mu maaso n’okuwagira abagwiira n’amaka g’ababundabunda ng’ayita mu kibiina kya Umoja Operation Compassion Society. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Amos Kambere {{!}} |url=https://bhayanafoundation.org/winner/amos-kambere/ |access-date=2026-10-10 |language=en-CA}}</ref> <ref>https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/surrey-refugees-syrian-1.3315644</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-10-09 |title=News Archives |url=https://surreynowleader.com/category/news/ |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Surrey Now-Leader |language=en}}</ref> Mu Canada, Amos Mubunga yasoma eby’okuddukanya emirimu n’abakozi mu British Columbia Institute of Technology. == Ebijuliziddwa == <references /> [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi]] [[Category:Bannabyabufuzi mu Uganda]] tb3z0e0kuj4j8bx315m5piqwlwpra4m 0 12418 76276 72237 2026-10-10T10:26:14Z Dr. Mulangira Mathias Kalanda 12008 added citation #WUCSU26 76276 wikitext text/x-wiki [[:en:Begum|Begum]] '''Shafiq Zia''' ( [[:en:Née|née]] '''Jahan''' ; yazaalibwa nga 21 Ogwomwenda 1931 – 5 ogw'oluberyerye 1996) yali [[:en:Public_figure|muntu]] [[:en:Pakistani|wa Pakistan]] yaweereza nga [[:en:First_Ladies_and_Gentlemen_of_Pakistan|First Lady wa Pakistan]] okuva mu 1977 okutuusa [[:en:Death_and_state_funeral_of_Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq|bba lwe yafa mu kabenje k'ennyonyi]] nga 17 ogwomunana 1988.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Shafiq Zia - Reference.org |url=https://reference.org/facts/shafiq_zia/xvdNNV0H |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Reference.org Encyclopedia and Reference Library |language=en}}</ref> == Obuvo bwe n’amaka == Begum Zia yazaalibwa mu 1931 mu [[Kampala|Kampala mu Uganda]], mu maka agava mu [[:en:Punjabis|Punjabi]] ; yagenda e [[:en:Pakistan|Pakistan]] oluvannyuma [[:en:Partition_of_India|lw'okugabanyaamu Buyindi]], era n'afumbirwa General [[:en:Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq|Zia-ul-Haq]] nga 10 ogwomunana 1950 mu Lahore.<ref name="Ali1997">{{Cite book |last=Parveen Shaukat Ali |year=1997 |title=Politics of conviction: the life and times of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4v8vAQAAIAAJ |publisher=The London Centre for Pakistan Studies |isbn=978-1-901899-03-0 |page=9 |quote=Zia-ul-Haq became engaged to his cousin (the daughter of his mother's sister), who was eight years younger than he was. Begum Shafiq Zia-ul-Haq was born in 1932 in Uganda, where her father lived. According to the traditional religious custom, it was an arranged marriage and was solemnized on August 10, 1950, in Model Town, Lahore. Shafiq's father had been staying there on a leave of absence from his job in Uganda, so that he could marry his two daughters in his own country.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-10-20 |title=Daily Times - Leading News Resource of Pakistan |url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C03%5C16%5Cstory_16-3-2008_pg3_3 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020184551/http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C03%5C16%5Cstory_16-3-2008_pg3_3 |archive-date=2012-10-20 |access-date=2018-08-20}}</ref> Shafiq yali muto ku bba emyaka munaana era ng’alina oluganda ku ludda lwe olwa maama. Kitaawe omusawo ng’abeera mu Kampala era ng’akolera mu Kampala, mu kiseera ekyo yali awummuddemu era yali mu Pakistan nasobora okutegeka obufumbo bwa bawala be bombi.<ref name="Ali1997" /> Oluvannyuma lw’okuwamba [[:en:Operation_Fair_Play|gavumenti mu 1977]] ne bba be okutwala obwapulezidenti mu 1978, Zia yafuuka [[:en:First_lady|first lady]] . Mu myaka kkumi egyaddirira, yawerekera bba be ku ngendo eziwerako emitala w’amayanja, nga mw’otwalidde [[:en:State_visit|n’okukyala]] mu [[Amerika]] mu 1982.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ronald Reagan: Toasts of President Reagan and President Mobammad Zia-ul-Haq of Pakistan at the State Dinner |url=http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=42083 |access-date=2018-08-20 |website=Presidency.ucsb.edu |archive-date=2017-01-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170106015453/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=42083 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Nga mukyala wa Pulezidenti == Bwe baakwata obukulembeze mu 1978, [[:en:First_Family_of_Pakistan|famire ya Zia]] yasigala ng’ebeera mu nnyumba y’amagye e [[:en:Rawalpindi|Rawalpindi]], kyokka ne bategeka emikolo emitongole n’ekyeggulo [[:en:State_dinners|ky’eggwanga]] ku [[:en:Aiwan-i-Sadr|Aiwan-i-Sadr]] eyali yaakaggwa. Omulimu gwa Begum Zia nga [[:en:First_Lady_of_Pakistan|First Lady wa Pakistan]] gwali gussa essira ku nteekateeka z’awaka ezikwata ku bulamu [[:en:Disabled_persons|bw’abalema]] n’ebizibu by’okukozesa [[:en:Drug_addiction_in_Pakistan|ebiragalalagala n’okutulugunyizibwa]] mu bavubuka. Mu 1981, gavumenti ya Zia yayisa etteeka eriyitibwa Disabled Persons’ (Employment and Rehabilitation) Ordinance, eryatondawo enkiiko z’eggwanga n’amasaza okukola enkola y’emirimu n’obulungi bw’abo abaliko obulemu, n’etandikawo ebifo eby’okutendekebwamu, okussaawo emiwendo gy’emirimu era n’esaba wabeewo ensawo ya federo ey’okugaba ensimbi z’obuyambi ne sikaala eri abaliko obulemu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Natlex Home |url=https://natlex.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/50075/97325/F1697756412/PAK50075.pdf |website=natlex.ilo.org}} {{dead link|date=May 2024}} {{dead link|date=May 2024}}</ref> Omwana wa Begum ne Pulezidenti Zia yennyini, muwala we omuto Zain, yazaalibwa n’obulemu mu kwogera n’okuwulira.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Upadhyay |first=Karishma |date=June 25, 2004 |title=The general's daughter |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/bombay-times/the-generals-daughter/articleshow/754149.cms |access-date=2021-04-13 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> Mu 1985, Begum Zia yakiikirira Pakistan mu lukungaana [[:en:Nancy_Reagan|lwa Nancy Reagan]] [[:en:Just_Say_No|olwa First Ladies Conference mu kukozesa ebiragalalagala]] wamu ne first ladies abalala kkumi na musanvu.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/04/25/garden/first-ladies-confer-on-drug-abuse.html|title=First ladies confer on drug abuse|author=Judy Klemesrud|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=25 April 1985|access-date=2018-08-20|language=en}}</ref> nga ayogerako mu lukungaana luno, yategeezezza nti [[:en:Government_of_Pakistan|gavumenti ya Pakistan]] yali etaddewo ebifo abiri mu mukaaga eby’okuddaabiriza abadkozesa ebiragalalagala.<ref name="Pakistan Affairs">{{Cite web |year=1985 |title=Pakistan Affairs |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8G_xZCHA6LgC}}</ref> Begum Zia yayitibwa mu [[Lisangá lya Bikólo bya Molɔ́ngɔ́|kibiina ky’Amawanga Amagatte]] mu mwaka gwe gumu, mu lukiiko olw’okubiri olwetabiddwamu First Ladies ab’amawanga amakumi asatu, n’asaba okukuba olukung’aana mu nsi ekyakula enkozesa ye ebiragalalagala gyeyinza okusomesebwa mu mbeera y’obwavu.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1985/10/22/surprised-for-nancy-reagan/7ee84b75-8dfb-4fc5-95fa-975421cabae1/|title=Surprised For Nancy Reagan|date=1985-10-22|author1=Donnie Radcliffe|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|place=Washington, D.C.|issn=0190-8286|oclc=1330888409}}</ref> Bwe yakomawo e Pakistan, yawandiisa enkolagana y’ebibiina [[:en:Nongovernmental_organizations|ebitali bya gavumenti]] mu kukola ku kizibu ky’okukozesa ebiragalalagala mu maka, era n’atongoza olukung’aana lw’eggwanga lyonna olw’ebibiina by’obwannakyewa mu 1986 ku kuziyiza okukozesa ebiragalalagala mu [[:en:Karachi|Karachi]].<ref name="Pakistan Affairs" /><ref>{{Cite web |year=1986 |title=Compilation of Narcotics Laws, Treaties, and Executive Documents: Report |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FuC7AAAAIAAJ}}</ref> Omulimu gwa Begum Zia gwalagibwa mu firimu [[:en:United_States_Information_Agency|y'ekitongole ky'amawulire mu Amerika]], wamu n'eya [[:en:Marly_Sarney|Marly Sarney owa Brazil]], [[:en:Queen_Sirikit_of_Thailand|Nnabagereka Sirikit owa Thailand]], [[:en:Queen_Noor_of_Jordan|Nnabagereka Noor owa Jordan]], ne [[:en:Queen_Silvia_of_Sweden|Nnabagereka Silvia owa Sweden]].<ref>{{Cite book |year=1987 |title=No to Drugs |url=https://catalog.archives.gov/id/77177419 |series=Series: Video Tape Programs and Worldnet Broadcasts, 1973 -}}</ref> Begum Zia yaliwo mu lutuula lw’okutongoza [[:en:List_of_SAARC_summits|olukiiko lwa SAARC olwasoose]] mu [[:en:Dhaka,_Bangladesh|kibuga Dhaka ekya Bangladesh]] ng’ali wamu ne bakyala b’abakulembeze [[:en:Heads_of_state|b’amawanga]] [[:en:SAARC|ga SAARC]] abalala.<ref>{{Cite web |year=1986 |title=IDSA News Review on South Asia/Indian Ocean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t-k9AAAAMAAJ&q=%22shafiqa+zia%22}}</ref> Mu 1987, yawerekera Pulezidenti Zia e [[:en:Jaipur|Jaipur]] mu kukyala kwe okumanyiddwa ennyo [[:en:Cricket_diplomacy|mu by'obubaka bwa cricket]], gye yasisinkanira [[:en:Gayatri_Devi|Gayatri Devi]].<ref>{{Cite magazine|author=Ramindar Singh|date=March 15, 1987|title=Pakistan President Zia-ul-Haq comes to Jaipur, sees some cricket and conquers the media|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19870315-pakistan-president-zia-ul-haq-comes-to-jaipur-sees-some-cricket-and-conquers-the-media-798642-1987-03-15|access-date=2021-04-13|magazine=India Today|language=en}}{{Cite magazine|author=Ramindar Singh|date=March 15, 1987|title=Pakistan President Zia-ul-Haq comes to Jaipur, sees some cricket and conquers the media|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19870315-pakistan-president-zia-ul-haq-comes-to-jaipur-sees-some-cricket-and-conquers-the-media-798642-1987-03-15|access-date=2021-04-13|magazine=India Today|language=en}}</ref> Omulimu gwa Begum Zia ogw’obuzirakisa n’okuyamba abantu gwasiimibwa [[:en:Aga_Khan_IV|Aga Khan IV]] mu 1985, eyatongoza eddwaliro lya [[:en:Aga_Khan_University_Hospital,_Karachi|Aga Khan University Hospital]], yawa abayizi abasoma obusawo sikaala n’ensimbi okuwagira ebyobulamu eri abaavu mu ddwaaliro lino mu linnya lya Begum Zia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Inaugration Speech 1985, Pakistan {{!}} The Aga Khan University |url=https://www.aku.edu/about/chancellor/Pages/inauguration-fhs-and-akuh-khi.aspx |access-date=2021-04-13 |website=www.aku.edu |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 1987, [[:en:King_Hussein_of_Jordan|Kabaka Hussein owa Jordan]] yamukwasa [[:en:Supreme_Order_of_the_Renaissance|Supreme Order of the Renaissance]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=Jordan Times, 1987, Jordan, English |url=http://archive.org/details/JordanTimes1987JordanEnglish |language=English}}</ref> == Obulamu bwe oluvannyuma n'okufa kwe == Oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Zia-ul-Haq mu 1988, Begum Zia yatandikawo ekitongole kya Zia-ul-Haq Foundation. Mu 1989, akasiimo ke n’enkizo ze nga mukyala w’eyali pulezidenti byasazibwamu [[:en:Benazir_Bhutto|gavumenti ya Benazir Bhutto]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite news|first=Barbara|last=Crossette|title=Son of Former Military Ruler Goes Into Politics in Pakistan|newspaper=The New York Times|date=9 August 1990|language=en|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/08/09/world/son-of-former-military-ruler-goes-into-politics-in-pakistan.html|access-date=2018-08-20}}</ref> Yafa nga 5 mu gw'oluberyerye 1996 mu [[:en:Cromwell_Hospital|ddwaaliro lya Cromwell]] e [[:en:London|London]] era alese abaana basatu ab'obuwala, Rubina, Quratulain, ne Zain, n'abaana babiri ab'obulenzi, [[:en:Ijaz-ul-Haq|Ijaz]] ne Anwar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-11-19 |title=Jang Group Online |url=http://jang.com.pk/thenews/spedition/sp_news15/p58_2.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111119153143/http://jang.com.pk/thenews/spedition/sp_news15/p58_2.htm |archive-date=2011-11-19 |access-date=2018-08-20}}</ref> == Ebitiibwa by’amawanga amalala == * Jordan: [[:en:Supreme_Order_of_the_Renaissance|Ekiragiro eky’oku ntikko eky’okuzzaawo eddiini]] == Ebituukiriziddwa amannya. == * [[:en:Dendrobium|Dendrobium orchid]] Shafiq Zia-ul-Haq, [[:en:Singapore_Botanical_Gardens|Ensuku z’ebimera e Singapore]] (1983) * Sikolashipi ya Begum Shafiq Zia-ul-Haq, [[:en:Aga_Khan_University|Yunivasite ya Aga Khan]] (1985) == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Category:Eddiini mu Buganda]] 3h8i136adg6dq197c7nh5d4kib3aafb 0 12901 76280 47965 2026-10-10T10:50:55Z Waisman12 12007 76280 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} '''Mary Lewis''' MunnaKanadda omuzannyi wa firimu era omukozi wazo ngava mu [[:en:St._John's,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador|St. John's]], [[:en:Newfoundland_and_Labrador|Newfoundland ne Labrador]] . Yali muwanguzi w’engule y’omuyimbi w’omwaka mu Newfoundland and Labrador Arts Council mu mwaka gwa 1999. == Obulamu == Yazaalibwa mu [[Kampala]], Uganda kyokka yakulira mu St. John's. Abeera n'omuwala eyazaalibwa mu 2004, era ebiseera bye abigabanya wakati wa [[:en:Toronto|Toronto]] ne St. John’s. == Okukola == Mu mwaka gwa 1998, yawandiika, yalagirira, yakola obulamu, era n’afulumya firimu ennyimpi ''[[:en:When_Ponds_Freeze_Over|eyitibwa When Ponds Freeze Over]]''. Firimu eno yagenda mu maaso n'ewangula engule ez'enjawulo, omuli [[:en:Genie_Award|engule ya Genie]] mu mwaka gwa 1999 mu [[:en:Canadian_Screen_Award_for_Best_Live_Action_Short_Drama|firimu ennyimpi esinga obulungi]], engule ya John Spotton mu mwaka gwa [[:en:1998_Toronto_International_Film_Festival|1998 Toronto International Film Festival]] for [[Toronto Film Festival Award for Best Canadian Short Film|Best Canadian Short Festival]], engule ya firimu ezisinga obulungi mu [[:en:Vancouver_International_Film_Festival|Vancouver International Film Festival]], firimu esinga obulungi mu Canada mu [[:en:Atlantic_Film_Festival|Atlantic Film Festival]], ne Vanguard Award for Experimentation mu Laguna Beach International Film Festival. Firimu ye eya ''Clothesline Patch'' eyafulumizibwa mu mwaka gwa 1999 yawangula engule ya [[:en:Gemini_Award|Gemini Award]] mu mwaka gwa 2002 mu pulogulaamu ya Bannakatemba abasinga. Era yawangudde engule ya People’s Choice Award mu kivvulu kya firimu ennyimpi eky’ensi yonna ekya Dawson City, The Bronze Plaque mu kivvulu kya [[:en:Columbus_International_Film_and_Video_Festival|Columbus International Film and Video Festival]], n’engule ya firimu esinga okuzannya katemba mu kivvulu kya Cinequest International Film Festival e San Jose, California. ''[[:en:The_Sparky_Book|Ekitabo kya Sparky]]''(2006) kye kyawangula engule ya Bill Boyle ey’okuwandiika obulungi okuva mu kivvulu kya firimu ekya Flicks International Film Festival, wamu n’ekirabo kya Golden Sheaf okuva mu kivvulu kya firimu ekya Yorkton International Film Festival. Firimu endala z’alagiridde mulimu ''Rabbit Punch'', ''Come Into My Parlour'' (ekitundu kya firimu ''[[:en:Five_Feminist_Minutes|Five Feminist Minutes]]'' ), ne ''Heart & Soul'' . Ebiwandiiko by'okulagirira ttivvi mulimu ''The Zack Files'', ''Robson Arms'', ''Train 48'', n'omusomo gw'ensi yonna ogw'ebitundu 13 ogukwata ku kwettanira omupiira ogwakwatibwa mu mwaka gwa 2010 ''Soccer Shrines'' . Mu kuzannya katemba, alabiseeko mu mizannyo gya ttivvi ''[[:en:The_Kids_in_the_Hall_(TV_series)|Kids in the Hall]]'', ''Random Passage'', ''Above and Beyond'', ne ''Republic of Doyle'' ne firimu ''Cruceros'', ''The Elf'', ''tewali kwenenya'', ''Finding Mary March'', ''Omugenyi asukukumye ku babulijjo'', ''[[:en:Secret_Nation|Secret Nation]]'', ne ''When Ponds Freeze Over'' . Ku siteegi alabiseeko mu firimu ''za Copenhagen'', ''Woyzek'', ''[[:en:Macbeth|Macbeth]]'', ''[[:en:Richard_III_(play)|Richard III]]'', ''[[:en:A_Winter's_Tale|A Winter's Tale]]'', ''[[:en:A_Streetcar_Named_Desire_(play)|A Streetcar Named Desire]]'', ''Omulimu gwa Heather Rose'', ''Later That Same Life'', ''Enkoko'', ''omusango n'ekibonerezo'', ''[[:en:Uncle_Vanya|Uncle Vanya]]'', n'endala. Lewis mu kiseera kino akyusakyusa mu kitabo kya [[:en:Lisa_Moore_(writer)|Lisa Moore]] eky'ogw'okubiri okulagibwa era asuubira okukalangirira. <ref name="signal">{{Cite web |last=Sarah Smellie |date=2015-01-01 |title=Mary Lewis to tackle February |url=http://www.signalblog.ca/?p=11480 |website=Signal • The St. John's Blog |access-date=2026-04-15 |archive-date=2024-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204100419/http://www.signalblog.ca/?p=11480 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Okukwata firimu == * ''Omuzinyi w'olukiiko'' (2016).<ref>{{citation |title=Dancer of the Board |website=[[National Film Board of Canada]] |url=https://www.nfb.ca/film/dancer_of_the_board/}}</ref> * ''Michael M. Koerner'' (2015).<ref>{{citation |title=Michael M. Koerner |website=[[National Film Board of Canada]] |url=https://www.nfb.ca/film/michael_koerner_en/}}</ref> * ''[[:en:Diana_Leblanc|Diana Leblanc]]'' (2015).<ref>{{citation |title=Diana Leblanc |website=[[National Film Board of Canada]] |url=https://www.nfb.ca/film/diana_leblanc_en/}}</ref> * ''Omutima n’Omwoyo'' (2008) . * ''[[:en:The_Sparky_Book|Ekitabo kya Sparky]]'' (2006).<ref>{{citation |title=The Sparky Book |website=[[National Film Board of Canada]] |url=https://www.nfb.ca/film/sparky_book/}}</ref> * ''Ekipande ky’omuguwa gw’engoye'' (1999) . * ''Ekikonde ky’olubuto'' (1999) . * [[:en:When_Ponds_Freeze_Over|''Ebidiba Bwe Bifuuka Omuzira'' (]]1998).<ref>{{citation |title=The Sparky Book |website=[[National Film Board of Canada]] |url=https://www.nfb.ca/film/sparky_book/}}</ref> * ''Jjangu Mu Parlor Yange'' (1990) == Ebiwandiiko == {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * Mary Lewis at IMDb * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303205313/http://marylewis.ca/ Official site] me6cz1i6ml8jimlbuj84cmfecoalwkd 76281 76280 2026-10-10T10:58:34Z Waisman12 12007 76281 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Reflist}}{{Reflist}} <ref>{{Cite web |title=IMDb: Ratings, Reviews, and Where to Watch the Best Movies & TV Shows |url=https://www.imdb.com/?newac=true |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20260920170436/https://www.imdb.com/?newac=true |archive-date=2026-09-20 |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=IMDb |language=en-US}}</ref>'''Mary Lewis''' MunnaKanadda omuzannyi wa firimu era omukozi wazo ngava mu [[:en:St._John's,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador|St. John's]], [[:en:Newfoundland_and_Labrador|Newfoundland ne Labrador]] . Yali muwanguzi w’engule y’omuyimbi w’omwaka mu Newfoundland and Labrador Arts Council mu mwaka gwa 1999. == Obulamu == Yazaalibwa mu [[Kampala]], Uganda kyokka yakulira mu St. John's. Abeera n'omuwala eyazaalibwa mu 2004, era ebiseera bye abigabanya wakati wa [[:en:Toronto|Toronto]] ne St. John’s. == Okukola == Mu mwaka gwa 1998, yawandiika, yalagirira, yakola obulamu, era n’afulumya firimu ennyimpi ''[[:en:When_Ponds_Freeze_Over|eyitibwa When Ponds Freeze Over]]''. Firimu eno yagenda mu maaso n'ewangula engule ez'enjawulo, omuli [[:en:Genie_Award|engule ya Genie]] mu mwaka gwa 1999 mu [[:en:Canadian_Screen_Award_for_Best_Live_Action_Short_Drama|firimu ennyimpi esinga obulungi]], engule ya John Spotton mu mwaka gwa [[:en:1998_Toronto_International_Film_Festival|1998 Toronto International Film Festival]] for [[Toronto Film Festival Award for Best Canadian Short Film|Best Canadian Short Festival]], engule ya firimu ezisinga obulungi mu [[:en:Vancouver_International_Film_Festival|Vancouver International Film Festival]], firimu esinga obulungi mu Canada mu [[:en:Atlantic_Film_Festival|Atlantic Film Festival]], ne Vanguard Award for Experimentation mu Laguna Beach International Film Festival. Firimu ye eya ''Clothesline Patch'' eyafulumizibwa mu mwaka gwa 1999 yawangula engule ya [[:en:Gemini_Award|Gemini Award]] mu mwaka gwa 2002 mu pulogulaamu ya Bannakatemba abasinga. Era yawangudde engule ya People’s Choice Award mu kivvulu kya firimu ennyimpi eky’ensi yonna ekya Dawson City, The Bronze Plaque mu kivvulu kya [[:en:Columbus_International_Film_and_Video_Festival|Columbus International Film and Video Festival]], n’engule ya firimu esinga okuzannya katemba mu kivvulu kya Cinequest International Film Festival e San Jose, California. ''[[:en:The_Sparky_Book|Ekitabo kya Sparky]]''(2006) kye kyawangula engule ya Bill Boyle ey’okuwandiika obulungi okuva mu kivvulu kya firimu ekya Flicks International Film Festival, wamu n’ekirabo kya Golden Sheaf okuva mu kivvulu kya firimu ekya Yorkton International Film Festival. Firimu endala z’alagiridde mulimu ''Rabbit Punch'', ''Come Into My Parlour'' (ekitundu kya firimu ''[[:en:Five_Feminist_Minutes|Five Feminist Minutes]]'' ), ne ''Heart & Soul'' . Ebiwandiiko by'okulagirira ttivvi mulimu ''The Zack Files'', ''Robson Arms'', ''Train 48'', n'omusomo gw'ensi yonna ogw'ebitundu 13 ogukwata ku kwettanira omupiira ogwakwatibwa mu mwaka gwa 2010 ''Soccer Shrines'' . Mu kuzannya katemba, alabiseeko mu mizannyo gya ttivvi ''[[:en:The_Kids_in_the_Hall_(TV_series)|Kids in the Hall]]'', ''Random Passage'', ''Above and Beyond'', ne ''Republic of Doyle'' ne firimu ''Cruceros'', ''The Elf'', ''tewali kwenenya'', ''Finding Mary March'', ''Omugenyi asukukumye ku babulijjo'', ''[[:en:Secret_Nation|Secret Nation]]'', ne ''When Ponds Freeze Over'' . Ku siteegi alabiseeko mu firimu ''za Copenhagen'', ''Woyzek'', ''[[:en:Macbeth|Macbeth]]'', ''[[:en:Richard_III_(play)|Richard III]]'', ''[[:en:A_Winter's_Tale|A Winter's Tale]]'', ''[[:en:A_Streetcar_Named_Desire_(play)|A Streetcar Named Desire]]'', ''Omulimu gwa Heather Rose'', ''Later That Same Life'', ''Enkoko'', ''omusango n'ekibonerezo'', ''[[:en:Uncle_Vanya|Uncle Vanya]]'', n'endala. Lewis mu kiseera kino akyusakyusa mu kitabo kya [[:en:Lisa_Moore_(writer)|Lisa Moore]] eky'ogw'okubiri okulagibwa era asuubira okukalangirira. <ref name="signal">{{Cite web |last=Sarah Smellie |date=2015-01-01 |title=Mary Lewis to tackle February |url=http://www.signalblog.ca/?p=11480 |website=Signal • The St. John's Blog |access-date=2026-04-15 |archive-date=2024-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204100419/http://www.signalblog.ca/?p=11480 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Okukwata firimu == * ''Omuzinyi w'olukiiko'' (2016).<ref>{{citation |title=Dancer of the Board |website=[[National Film Board of Canada]] |url=https://www.nfb.ca/film/dancer_of_the_board/}}</ref> * ''Michael M. Koerner'' (2015).<ref>{{citation |title=Michael M. Koerner |website=[[National Film Board of Canada]] |url=https://www.nfb.ca/film/michael_koerner_en/}}</ref> * ''[[:en:Diana_Leblanc|Diana Leblanc]]'' (2015).<ref>{{citation |title=Diana Leblanc |website=[[National Film Board of Canada]] |url=https://www.nfb.ca/film/diana_leblanc_en/}}</ref> * ''Omutima n’Omwoyo'' (2008) . * ''[[:en:The_Sparky_Book|Ekitabo kya Sparky]]'' (2006).<ref>{{citation |title=The Sparky Book |website=[[National Film Board of Canada]] |url=https://www.nfb.ca/film/sparky_book/}}</ref> * ''Ekipande ky’omuguwa gw’engoye'' (1999) . * ''Ekikonde ky’olubuto'' (1999) . * [[:en:When_Ponds_Freeze_Over|''Ebidiba Bwe Bifuuka Omuzira'' (]]1998).<ref>{{citation |title=The Sparky Book |website=[[National Film Board of Canada]] |url=https://www.nfb.ca/film/sparky_book/}}</ref> * ''Jjangu Mu Parlor Yange'' (1990) == Ebiwandiiko == {{Reflist}} == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * Mary Lewis at IMDb * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303205313/http://marylewis.ca/ Official site] ldr9hwqpdis48z3adldfoal5m81gfvw 0 13071 76226 54034 2026-10-09T23:04:51Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 76226 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Bernard Kabanda Sslongo''' (1959 – 4 mu gwomwenda 1999) yali muyimbi wa gitaala [[Swahilly Nation Archived 2007-03-12 at the Wayback Machine|munnaUganda]] . Yali yaakafuna ettutumu mu nsi yonna ey’okuyimba ng’ayita mu kulabikira mu mpaka za [[Swahilly Nation Archived 2007-03-12 at the Wayback Machine|WOMAD]] mu Amerika ne Bungereza mu 1999 nga tannafa [[Siriimu|mukenenya]] nga tewannayita myezi ebiri bukya ayimba mu kivvulu kya Womad’s [[Swahilly Nation Archived 2007-03-12 at the Wayback Machine|Reading]] festival, ng’alina emyaka 40 gyokka. Nga tannafa yakwata olutambi ne Womad, oliyitibwa Olugendo. Ono yasangiddwa mu nguudo z’omu [[Kampala]], ekibuga ekikulu ekya Uganda ng’akuba gitaala gye yeekoledde mu bucaafu. Yali mumativu okukuba yekka, oba n’okukuba ebbaati ennyangu nga bwe yakubira mu bbaala mu Kampala, era yakikola ne mu kutalaaga Womad, gye yakubira ne Samuel Bakkabulindi Sslongo, eyakubira emiggo egy’ekiseera n’ebbaati n’emiggo gy’engoma. == Ebiyungo eby’ebweru == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210810070210/https://womad.org/?section=select&product_id=ws106 Omuko gwa Womad okulondamu Amawulire] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070310212839/http://www.amadinda.co.uk/kabanda.do Okusiima Bernard Kabanda] s03jt5skw8rhroxzk5nowqi95y0ou2z 0 13262 76229 66048 2026-10-10T00:38:50Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 76229 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Janzi''' [[:en:Uganda|Munnayuganda]], James Ssewakiryanga muyimbi eyeyiya ekivuga ky'enkoba era amanyikiddwa nga [[Ssewa Ssewa]] .kye kenenyezebwa era nekikakasibwa [[:en:African_Regional_Intellectual_Property_Organization|ab'ekitongole kya African Regional Intellectual Property Organization]] (ARIPO) okukyiwa [[:en:Utility_model|obukuumi obw’omulembe (utility model protection)]] wansi w’omukago gwa Harare era n’ewandiisibwa [[:en:African_Regional_Intellectual_Property_Organization|ekitongole kya Uganda Registration Services Bureau]] mu mwaka gwa 2017. Ekivuga kino kibadde kyankizo nyo mu bivvulu byonna ebya [[:en:Janzi_Band|Janzi Band]] n'okwolesa kwa Ssewa okuva lwe kwatandikibwawo, wamu n’okutwalibwa abayimbi abalala. == Ebyafaayo == Ssewa Ssewa yayagala okutondawo ekintu ekipya era nga kyanjawulo nga kitondedwa wo ye. Yalina ekirowoozo ky’okuggyawo n’okukyusa emisumaali ku [[:en:Adungu|adungu]] n’ebikozesebwa ebisinga okukkirizibwa mu mwaka gwa 2014, oluvannyuma lw’omu ku bammemba ba bbandi ye obutakkirizibwa kutambuza ekikozesebwa kino nga kiyita ku [[:en:Copenhagen_Airport|kisaawe ky’ennyonyi e Copenhagen]] kubanga kyalina emisumaali egy’ekyuma ng’ebikondo,<ref>{{cite web |title=The janzi: Uganda's new sound |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/magazine/The-janzi-Uganda-new-sound/434746-4318636-9m4w00/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310005703/https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/magazine/The-janzi-Uganda-new-sound/434746-4318636-9m4w00/index.html |archive-date=10 March 2018 |access-date=2 May 2018 |website=The East African}}</ref> bino nga bitwalibwa ng’eby’obulabe eri ebyokwerinda.<ref name="bbc">{{cite news|publisher=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p076rdj3|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419042710/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p076rdj3|url-status=dead|archive-date=19 April 2019|format=audio|title=Uganda has a new musical instrument|date=18 April 2019|access-date=18 April 2019}}</ref> Oluvannyuma yagamba nti yasikirizibwa okukola oluvannyuma lwa adungu ye okumenyeka.<ref name="launch2">{{cite web |date=14 April 2019 |title=Music, a great Platform through which people speak about injustice – Lt. Gen Muhoozi |url=https://www.africatembelea.com/music-a-great-platform-through-which-people-speak-about-injustice-lt-gen-muhoozi/ |access-date=19 April 2019 |website=Africa Tembelea |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509191751/https://www.africatembelea.com/music-a-great-platform-through-which-people-speak-about-injustice-lt-gen-muhoozi/ |archive-date=9 May 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Janzi eyasooka yatondebwawo mu mwaka gwa 2015 era kyalabibwa nga ekyuma/ ekivuga era n'ekiwebwa olukusa aba kkampuni ya ARIPO era n’ewandiisibwa gavumenti ya Uganda mu mwaka gwa 2017. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2019)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Erinnya lino lisibuka mu linnya lya bbandi eno, era oluvanyuma lyatumibwa okuva mulinnya lyabulijo erya [[:en:Grasshopper|grasshopper]], kubanga baali baagala omuziki gwabwe gubuuke okwetoloola ensi yonna.<ref name="Batte">{{cite web |last=Batte |first=Edgar Raymond |date=7 October 2015 |title=Ugandan artist Ssewakiryanga’s musical journey with Janzi Band |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/ugandan-artist-ssewakiryanga%E2%80%99s-musical-journey-janzi-band |access-date=18 April 2019 |website=Music in Africa |archive-date=27 November 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127010251/https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/ugandan-artist-ssewakiryanga%E2%80%99s-musical-journey-janzi-band |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ng’oggyeeko Sewa Sewa ne Janzi Band, ekivuga kino kibadde kikozesebwa abayimbi abalala [[:en:Folk_music|ab’ennono]] [[:en:World_music|n’ensi yonna,]] nga kibeera mu bivvulu butereevu ebya Feridah Rose e [[:en:Denmark|Denmark]] ne [[:en:Giovanni_Kiyingi|Giovanni Kiyingi]] . <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2019)">okujuliza kwetaagisa</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Ssewa Ssewa atutte janzi mu yunivasite n’amasomero g’okuyimba e [[:en:Germany|Germany]] ne [[:en:Sweden|Sweden]], era mu May 2019 agenda kuba akola emisomo e [[:en:Switzerland|Switzerland]] ne [[:en:Germany|Germany]] ku janzi kw’ossa n’ebivuga bya Uganda eby’ekinnansi.<ref name="launch1">{{cite web |last=Ilado |first=Lucy |date=2 April 2019 |title=Uganda: Ssewa Ssewa to launch janzi instrument at home |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/uganda-ssewa-ssewa-launch-janzi-instrument-home |access-date=19 April 2019 |website=Music in Africa}}</ref> === Okutongoza mu butongole mu Uganda === Nga 13 omwezi Ogwokuna mu mwaka gwa 2019, Ssewa Ssewa yategeka omukolo gw’okutongoza janzi mu butongole mu Uganda, ku Katonga Hall e [[:en:Kampala|Kampala]].<ref name="launch1" /> Mu kutongoza, Lt.-Gen. [[:en:Muhoozi_Kainerugaba|Muhoozi Kainerugaba]] yasabye [[:en:Musician|abayimbi]] ba Uganda obutasuula mirandira gyabwe egy’obuwangwa, era yeesunga janzi okutwalibwa mu maaso abayimbi abalala okwetoloola ensi yonna. [[:en:Haka_Mukiga|Haka Mukiga]], Price ne Keneth Mugabi be baazannya ku mukolo guno. Ssewa Ssewa yatandika okuyimba n’oluyimba lwa [[:en:Bob_Marley|Bob Marley]] olwa ''[[:en:No_Woman,_No_Cry|No Woman, No Cry]]''. Olwo n’anyumya enkyukakyuka ebikwata ku kivuga kino, nagamba nti oluvannyuma lw’okumenyeka kwa adungu ye era yali alinze omubazzi okujja okugitereeza kwe kulowooza ku ngeri y’okuzza ekivuga kino ku mulembe n’akola janzi. Olwo bbandi yonna n'ekuba ennyimba ezisunsuddwa okuva mu lutambi lwabwe ''Eka''.<ref name="launch2" /> == Enzimba n’okutuunya == Janzi erina ensingo bbiri empanvu ez’embaawo, nga wakati waliwo ekifo ekifunda. Kikolebwa n'enkoba abiri mu biri (22), n'ekoba kkumi n'emu (11) ku buli ludda, nga zikwataganira ddala ku [[:en:Sound_box|bbokisi y’amaloboozi]] n’enkoba za plastic. Janzi [[:en:Amplifier|eyongerezeddwaamu amaanyi]] era esobola okuyungibwa ku [[:en:Sound_reinforcement_system|nkola y'amaloboozi]] . Omuyiiya ono yakozesa ebikondo bya [[:en:Guitar|gitaala]] mu kifo ky’emisumaali nga bwe kyakozesebwa mu kivuga eky’ennono eky’enkoba mu bukiikakkono bw’amaserengeta ga Uganda, adungu.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Alex de Lacey |title=Ugandan musician invents new instrument |url=https://www.songlines.co.uk/news/ugandan-musician-invents-new-instrument |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180512142244/https://www.songlines.co.uk/news/ugandan-musician-invents-new-instrument |archive-date=12 May 2018 |access-date=2 May 2018 |website=Songlines UK}}</ref> ''"Nnalina okulowooza ku ngeri gye nnali njagala efaanana bulungi ate nga ya mulembe, kwe kusalawo okukozesa emiti joka ekyandimpadde eddoboozi ery'enjawulo eryawukanira ddala ku Adungu eya bulijjo"'' (Ssewa).<ref>{{cite web |title=Meet man who made the Janzi |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Reviews/Meet-man-who-made-the-Janzi-James-Ssewakiryanga-Junior/691232-3482582-rg7933z/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161214031640/http://www.monitor.co.ug/artsculture/Reviews/Meet-man-who-made-the-Janzi-James-Ssewakiryanga-Junior/691232-3482582-rg7933z/index.html |archive-date=14 December 2016 |access-date=13 December 2016 |website=Daily Monitor}}</ref> Kituukiddwa mu bipimo byamirundi ebiri, ebipimo bya [[:en:Diatonic_scale|diatonic]] ne [[:en:Pentatonic_scale|pentatonic]]. Ennyiriri ez'ekkumi n'emu (11) eziri ku kkono zikyusiddwa mu bipimo bya diatonic ate ennyiriri ez'ekkumi n'emu (11) ku ddyo mu bipimo bya [[:en:Pentatonic_scale|pentatonic]] . == Ebijuliziddwa == g3is358wcnymz5dmctqimytiswx7ep6 0 13767 76265 72726 2026-10-10T10:10:12Z Thomas Eddie Irigei 11996 removed external link 76265 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Shafik Nana Kwikiriza''' (yazaalibwa 3 Ogw'kusaatu 2004) Munnayuganda era [[Omupiira ogw'ebigere|muzannyi wa mupiira wa]] omutendeke era azannyira nga [[:en:Forward_(association_football)|omuteebi]] wa [[Kampala Capital City Authority FC|KCCA FC]] mu [[:en:Uganda_Premier_League|mu Uganda Premier League]] ne [[Uganda Cranes ettiimu y'eggwanga|ttiimu ya Uganda]].<ref name="KCCA-sign">{{Cite web |date=9 June 2024 |title=Kwikiriza Shafik Nana joins KCCA FC |url=https://www.kccafc.co.ug/kwikiriza-shafik-nana-joins-kcca-fc/ |access-date=22 August 2025 |website=KCCA FC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kiyonga |first=Ismael |date=2024-06-10 |title=KCCA confirm first new signings |url=https://kawowo.com/2024/06/10/kcca-confirm-first-new-signings/ |access-date=2025-08-24 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> == Omulimu gwe ogw'okusaamba omupiira == Kwikiriza emipiira yagutandikira mu [[BUL Jinja FC|BUL FC]], yazannyira kiraabu eno wakati w'ebiseera by'emipiira gya [[:en:Uganda_Premier_League|Uganda Premier League]] 2022–23 ne 2023–24.<ref name="AfricaTop">{{Cite web |date=18 June 2024 |title=Done deal: Shafik Nana joins KCCA FC from BUL FC |url=https://en.africatopsports.com/2024/06/18/done-deal-shafik-nana-joins-kcca-fc-from-bul-fc/ |access-date=22 August 2025 |website=Africa Top Sports}}</ref> Nga 9 Ogw'omukaga 2024, Kwikiriza yakola endagaano ya myaka etaano ne [[Kampala Capital City Authority FC|KCCA FC]], okubeera mu kiraabu eno okutuusa ebiseera bya 2028–29 byemipiira.<ref name="KCCA-sign" /> Yaweebwa essaati nnamba 19 mu kampeyini ya 2024–25.<ref>{{Cite web |date=11 September 2024 |title=KCCA FC reveal squad numbers for 2024/25 season |url=https://swiftsportsug.com/2024/09/11/kcca-fc-reveal-squad-numbers-for-2024-25-season/ |access-date=22 August 2025 |website=Swift Sports Uganda}}</ref> Kwikiriza yateeba ggoolo ze ezaasooka mu KCCA, bwe yawangula Mbale Heroes ggoolo 5-0 mu October wa 2024, gye yatebeera ggoolo eddala oluvannyuma nayambako ne munne okuteeba.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 October 2024 |title=KCCA end winless run with emphatic victory |url=https://upl.co.ug/kcca-end-winless-run-with-emphatic-victory/ |access-date=22 August 2025 |website=Uganda Premier League}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=14 October 2024 |title=Uganda Premier League: KCCA thrash Mbale Heroes |url=https://www.panafricafootball.com/post/uganda-premier-league-kcca-thrash-mbale-heroes-as-bright-stars-pick-point |access-date=22 August 2025 |website=Panafrica Football |archive-date=7 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251107065232/https://www.panafricafootball.com/post/uganda-premier-league-kcca-thrash-mbale-heroes-as-bright-stars-pick-point/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Omulimu gwe ogw'okusaamba omupiira mu nsi yonna == Mu Ogw'omusanvu 2024, Kwikiriza yayitibwa ogwasooka mu [[Uganda Cranes ettiimu y'eggwanga|ttiimu y’eggwanga Uganda ey’omupiira]] nga beetegekera emipiira gy’okusunsulamu [[:en:Africa_Cup_of_Nations|abanetaba mu mpaka za Afrika]] eza 2025 ne South Sudan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 October 2024 |title=AFCON 2025Q: 4 KCCA FC players summoned to Uganda Cranes |url=https://www.kccafc.co.ug/afcon-2025-q-4-kcca-fc-players-summoned-to-uganda-cranes/ |access-date=22 August 2025 |website=KCCA FC}}</ref> == Laba ne == * [[:en:Reagan_Mpande|Reagan Mpande]] * [[:en:Allan_Okello|Allan Okello]] * [[:en:Rogers_Ochaki_Torach|Rogers Ochaki Torach]] == Ebijuliziddwa == {{Reflist}} == Ebijuliziddwa wabweru wa Wikipedia == * Omukutu omutongole ogwa KCCA FC [[Category:Omupiira mu Uganda]] 158wvxxugtj54cf1sffdnm4ix7oo010 0 13930 76275 53337 2026-10-10T10:19:24Z Dr. Mulangira Mathias Kalanda 12008 added citation #WUCSU26 76275 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''53''' ('''ataano mu esatu''') namba, wakati wa [[52 (ennamba)|52]] ne 54.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Koshovyi |first=Dmytro |title=Number 53 — fifty-three |url=https://numbermath.com/number/53 |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=Math.Number |language=en}}</ref> [[File:53rd_icon.jpg|thumb|nnamba 53]] [[File:When_you_see_it..._(5295422008).jpg|thumb|Ennamba 53 ku mmotoka enkadde]] [[Category:Ennamba]] mrxjo5755rnq62pgpddiow4gq9w2fbj 0 14984 76224 75263 2026-10-09T22:50:58Z InternetArchiveBot 6271 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 76224 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Template:Infobox country/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox Country|image_flag=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg}}<templatestyles src="Template:Infobox country/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox Country|image_flag=Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg}}'''United States of America''' ('''USA'''), era emanyiddwa nga '''United States'''( '''U.S.''' ) oba '''Amerika''', nsi okusinga esangibwa mu [[North America|Bukiikakkono bwa America]] . Lino ggwanga eririna federo eririmu amasaza 50 ne disitulikiti enkulu eya federo, eya Washington, DC Amasaza 48 agakwatagana gali ku nsalo ya Canada mu bukiikakkono ne [[Mexico]] mu bukiikaddyo, nga mu bukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba gali kitundu kya Alaska [[n’ekizinga]] kya Hawaii mu [[Pacific Ocean]]. Amerika era okuwa eddembe ku bwannannyini ku bitundu by'ebizinga ebikulu ebitaano n'ebizinga eby'enjawulo ebitaliimu bantu mu Oceania ne Caribbean.[ i ] Ensi erimu ebintu ebyenjawulo, nga eri mu kifo kyakusatu mu nsi yonna mu bunene bw'ettaka[ c ] n'ekitundu [[eky'okusatu mu bungi bw'abantu]], nga bano basukka mu bukadde 341.[ j ]. Abantu abayitibwa ba Paleo-Indians baasooka kusenguka okuva mu Bukiikakkono bwa Asia ne bagenda mu Bukiikakkono bwa America waakiri emyaka 15,000 egiyise, era ne batandika obugunjufu obw'enjawulo. Abazungu okuzuula Abamerika kwatandika mu 1492, era okufuga kwa Bungereza kw'ekwaddirira wamu n’okusenga mu 1607 mu Virginia, eyasooka ku Matwale Ekkuminaasatu. Enzikiriza y'Amerika eyabuna mu matwale gonna mu kyasa eky'e 18 yatwala enkola ya repubulika n'enkola ey'eddembe ng'ekikulu . Enkaayana n’Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza olw’okusolooza omusolo nga tewali kikiikirirwa mu palamenti n’okugaana eddembe eddala ery’Olungereza zaavaamu Enkyukakyuka mu Amerika, eyavaako ekiteeso ekyayisibwa ekya LEE nga 2 Ogwomusanvu, 1776, okulangirira mu butongole obwetwaze okuva ku Bungereza. Nga wayise ennaku bbiri, nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, Okulangirira kw’Obwetwaze kyayisibwa era ne kifulumizibwa mu lujjudde. Obuwanguzi mu lutalo lw’enkyukakyuka olwa 1775–1783 bwaleeta okukkiriza kw’ensi yonna ku ddembe ly'eggwanga lino . Amerika yagaziya mangu amatwale gaayo okudda mu bugwanjuba ng’egula, esenga ng’oewamba ebitundu eby’enjawulo ebyali biifugibwa Abazungu n’Abantu bannansangwa. Nga amawanga amalala gayingizibwa mu Bwegassi, enjawukana okuva mu Bukiikakkono n'Obukiikaddyo yabalukawo nga eva ku kukozesa baddu era yaleetera amawanga 11 ag’obukiikaddyo okulangirira okwekutula ne geegatta nga Confederate States of America okusobola okukuuma obuddu eyo. Amasaza gano gaalwanagana n’Obwegassi mu lutalo lw’omunda mu Amerika olwa 1861&#x2013;1865 era ne gawangulwa. Amerika bwe yawangula n’okuddamu okwegatta, obuddu bwaggyibwawo mu ggwanga lyonna. Mu mwaka gwa 1900, eggwanga lino lyali lyenyweza ng’amawanga ag'amaanyi ekifo ekyo ne kinywezebwa oluvannyuma lw’okwenyigira mu Ssematalo Eyasooka. Oluvannyuma lwa Japan okulumba Pearl Harbor mu 1941, Amerika yayingira Ssematalo Owookubiri ku ludda lw'amawanga ag'omukago . Ebyava mu lutalo luno byaleka Amerika ne Soviet Union nga amawanga amanene agavuganya, nga gavuganya ku bufuzi bw'endowooza n'obuyinza bw'ensi yonna mu kiseera kya Ssematalo ow'endowooza. Soviet Union okugwa mu 1991 kyaleka Amerika ng'eggwanga ery'amaanyi erimu lyokka mu nsi yonna, wadde nga [[Cayina|China]] ebadde eyogerwako nnyo okuva mu myaka gya 2020 ng'eyinza okutuuka ku ddaala ly'erimu. Gavumenti eya federo ye demokulasiya ekiikirira abantu ng’erina pulezidenti ne ssemateeka akola okwawula obuyinza wakati w’amasiga asatu: erya ssemateeka, erifuzi, n’eddamuzi. Congress lukiiko lw’ababaka ba palamenti olw’eggwanga olulimu enkiiko bbiri nga lulimu olukiiko lw’ababaka ( olukiiko olwa wansi okusinziira ku bungi bw’abantu) ne Senate ( olukiiko olwa waggulu olwesigama ku kukiikirira okw’enkanankana ku buli ssaza). Enfuga ya Federo ewa amawanga 50 obwetwaze obw’amaanyi . Ensi eyakulaakulana eno eya Amerika eri ku kifo kya waggulu mu kuvuganya mu by’enfuna, obuyiiya, n’ebyenjigiriza ebya waggulu. Nga ekola ekitundu ekisukka mu kimu kyakuna ku GDP y’ensi yonna emanyiddwa, ebyenfuna byayo bye bibadde ebisinga obunene mu nsi yonna okuva nga mu mwaka gwa 1890. Y'ensi esinga obugagga, ng’esinga ensimbi z’amaka ezikozesebwa buli muntu mu mawanga ga OECD, wadde ng’obutenkanankana bwayo mu by’obugagga bweyoleka nnyo. Obuwangwa bwa Amerika nga bukoleddwa olw'ebyasa ebiyise nga abantu ab'enjawulo bayingira mu ggwanga eryo, bwa njawulo era bukwata ku nsi yonna. Olw’okuba eggwanga lino likola kumpi kimu kya kusatu ku nsaasaanya y’amagye mu nsi yonna, abantu bangi batwalibwa ng’erina amagye agasinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna era nga ye yasooka okukola n’okukozesa ebyokulwanyisa bya nukiriya(nuclear). Nga Mmemba w’ebibiina by’ensi yonna ebingi omuli n’olukiiko lw’amawanga amagatte olw’ebyokwerinda, ekola kinene mu nsonga z’ebyobufuzi, eby’obuwangwa, eby’enfuna, n’eby’amagye mu nsi yonna. == Obuvo bw'erinnya lyalyo == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>Enkozesa y'ekigambo "United States of America" mu biwandiiko eva dda mu 2 Ogwolubereberye, 1776. Ku lunaku olwo, Stephen Moylan, omuyambi w'amagye ga Continental Army eri General [[George Washington]], yawandiika ebbaluwa eri Joseph Reed, eyali omuwandiisi wa Washington ow'ekyama, ng'ayagala okugenda "n'obuyinza obujjuvu era obumala okuva mu Amerika okutuuka e Spain" okunoonya obuyambi mu kaweefube w'olutalo lw'enkyukakyuka . <ref name="DeLear-20132">{{cite news|last=DeLear|first=Byron|date=July 4, 2013|title=Who coined 'United States of America'? Mystery might have intriguing answer|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2013/0704/Who-coined-United-States-of-America-Mystery-might-have-intriguing-answer|work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{cite web |last=Fay |first=John |date=July 15, 2016 |title=The forgotten Irishman who named the 'United States of America' |url=https://www.irishcentral.com/roots/history/The-forgotten-Irishman-who-named-the-United-States-of-America.html |work=[[IrishCentral]]}}</ref>​​''​'' Okukozesebwa kwabyo mu bantu okwasooka kwafulumira mu kiwandiiko ekyafulumizibwa mu lupapula lw'amawulire ga [[Williamsburg]] olwa ''[[The Virginia Gazette]]'' nga 6 Ogwokuna 1776.<ref name="DeLear-20132" /> Ekiseera ekimu nga 11 oba oluvannyuma lwawo Ogwomukaaga 1776,[[Thomas Jefferson]] yawandiika ekigambo "United States of America" mu kiwanddiiko kyeyali atereeza mu kulaangirira obwetwaze,​<ref name="DeLear-20132" />​ era nga kyatwalibwa aba [[Second Continental Congress]] nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, 1776. <ref name="Davis72">[[:en:United_States#Davis96|Davis 1996]], p. 7.</ref> Ekigambo "United States" n'ennyiriri zaakyo ezisookerwako "US", ezikozesebwa ng'amannya oba ng'ebigambo ebiraga ebigambo mu Lungereza, mannya mampi aga bulijjo ag'eggwanga. Ennyiriri ezisookerwako "USA", erinnya, nazo za bulijjo.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Is USA A Noun Or Adjective? |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920175638/https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |access-date=July 3, 2025 |website=Dictionary.com}}</ref> "Amerika" ne "US" bye bigambo ebiteereddwawo mu gavumenti ya Amerika yonna eya federo, nga biriko amateeka agalagiddwa. [ k ] "Amawanga" ekimpi ekiteereddwawo eky'enjogera y'erinnya, ekikozesebwa naddala okuva ebweru w'eggwanga;<ref name=":2">{{cite web |date=March 9, 2017 |title=Is USA A Noun Or Adjective? |url=https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920175638/https://www.dictionary.com/e/is-usa-a-noun/ |archive-date=September 20, 2020 |access-date=July 3, 2025 |website=Dictionary.com}}</ref> "stateside" kigambo ekikwatagana.<ref name=":3">{{Cite dictionary|date=September 27, 2024|title=Stateside|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stateside|access-date=October 4, 2024|dictionary=[[Merriam-Webster]]}}</ref> "America" ye engeri y'ekikazi ey'okuyita ey'erinnya erisooka erya {{Lang|la|Americus Vesputius}}, erinnya ery’Olulattini ery’omuvumbuzi Omuyitale Amerigo Vespucci (1454–1512); [ l ] yasooka kukozesebwa ng’erinnya ly’ekifo abakugu mu kukola maapu Abagirimaani Martin Waldseemüller ne Matthias Ringmann mu 1507.<ref name=":8">{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/626894/Amerigo-Vespucci|title=Amerigo Vespucci|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=July 7, 2011|archive-date=July 10, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710004308/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/626894/Amerigo-Vespucci|url-status=live}}</ref>[ m ] Vespucci yaleeta ekiteeso nti West Indies ezazuulibwa Christopher Columbus mu 1492 zaali kitundu kya ttaka eritamanyiddwa edda so si mu Indies ku nsalo y’ebuvanjuba bwa Asia.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Szalay |first1=Jessie |date=September 20, 2017 |title=Amerigo Vespucci: Facts, Biography & Naming of America |url=https://www.livescience.com/42510-amerigo-vespucci.html |access-date=June 23, 2019 |publisher=[[Live Science]]}}</ref><ref name="locnamingofamerica">{{cite web |last1=Allen |first1=Erin |date=July 4, 2016 |title=How Did America Get Its Name? |url=https://blogs.loc.gov/loc/2016/07/how-did-america-get-its-name/#:~:text=America%20is%20named%20after%20Amerigo,part%20of%20a%20separate%20continent |access-date=September 3, 2020 |website=Library of Congress Blog}}</ref> Mu Lungereza, ekigambo "America" (ekikozesebwa nga tekirina qualifier) tekitera kwogera ku miramwa egitakwatagana na Amerika. " America " kye kigambo eky'awamu okutegeeza omugatte gwa ssemazinga za [[North America|North]] ne [[South America]]. == Ebyafaayo byalyo == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Abantu baamu bannansangwa ===   [[File:Extreme_Makeover,_Mesa_Verde_Edition_-_panoramio.jpg|right|thumb|Cliff Palace, ekifo eky’okusenga kwa bajjajja b’abantu b’omu Amerika enzaalwa z’e Pueblo mu Montezuma County, Colorado, ekyazimbibwa wakati wa c. 1200 ne 1275 ]] Abatuuze abaasooka mu Bukiikakkono bwa America baasenguka okuva e Siberia emyaka nga 15,000 egiyise, nga basomoka olutindo lw’oku ttaka olwa Bering oba ku lubalama lw’ennyanja kati olwabbira mu bbalaafu. Obuwangwa bwa Clovis, obwalabika nga 11,000 BCE mu Bukiikakkono bwa America, kirowoozebwa nti bwe buwangwa obwasooka okusaasaana mu Amerika. Oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera, obuwangwa bw'Abantu enzaalwa z'omu Bukiikakkono bwa America bweyongera okubeera obw'omulembe, era obumu, gamba ng'obuwangwa bwa Mississippi, bwakulaakulanya ebyobulimi, pulaani z'ebizimbe, n'ebitundu ebizibu. Mu kiseera eky'oluvannyuma lw'edda, obuwangwa bwa Mississippian bwali mu bitundu by'amasekkati g'obugwanjuba, ebuvanjuba, n'obukiikaddyo, n'aba Algonquian mu kitundu ky'ennyanja Ennene ne ku lubalama lwa Eastern Seaboard, ate obuwangwa bwa Hohokam ne bannannsangwa aba Puebloan baali babeera mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwajuba Okubalirira kw’omuwendo gw’abantu enzaalwa mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Amerika nga abafuzi b’amatwale Abazungu tebannatuuka kuva ku bantu nga 500,000 okutuuka kumpi obukadde 10. === Okunoonyereza kw’Abazungu, okufugibwa ab'amatwale n’okulwanagana kwabwe (1513 &#x2013; 1765) === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> [[File:Nouvelle-France_map-en.svg|left|thumb|Ebitundu ebyatwalibwa ab’amatwale ga Bungereza (Amatwale Ekkumi n’Asatu mu langi ya pinki n’amalala mu langi ya kakobe), Bufalansa (mu bbulu), ne [[Spain]] (mu langi ya kacungwa) mu Bukiikakkono bwa America, 1750]] Christopher Columbus yatandika okunoonyereza ku Caribbean ku lwa Spain mu 1492, ekyaviirako abantu aboogera Olu Spanish okusenga n’obuminsani okuva mu bitundu kati ebiyitibwa Puerto Rico ne Florida okutuuka e New Mexico ne California. Ettundutundu lya Spain eryasooka mu ssemazinga wa Amerika leero lyali Spanish Florida, eryatwalibwa mu 1513.<ref>{{cite book |author=Florida Center for Instructional Technology |date=2002 |title=A Short History of Florida |url=https://fcit.usf.edu/florida/lessons/menendz/menendz1.htm |publisher=University of South Florida |chapter=Pedro Menendez de Aviles Claims Florida for Spain}}</ref> Oluvannyuma lw'okulemererwa okusenga okuwerako eyo olw'enjala n'endwadde, ekibuga kya Spain ekyasooka eky'enkalakkalira kyali kya, Saint Augustine, kyatandikibwawo mu 1565.<ref>{{cite web |date=February 28, 2015 |title=Not So Fast, Jamestown: St. Augustine Was Here First |url=https://www.npr.org/2015/02/28/389682893/not-so-fast-jamestown-st-augustine-was-here-first |access-date=March 5, 2021 |publisher=NPR |language=en}}</ref> Bufalansa yatandikawo ebifo byayo eby’okubeeramu mu Florida ya Bufalansa mu 1562, naye byasuulibwa (Charlesfort, 1578) oba byasaanawo olw’ebikwekweto by’Abaspanish ( Fort Caroline, 1565). Ebifo eby’enkalakkalira eby’Abafaransa byatandikibwawo oluvannyuma ennyo ku mabbali g’ennyanja Ennene ( Fort Detroit, 1701), omugga Mississippi ( [[Saint Louis City, Missouri|St. Louis]], 1764) n’okusingira ddala Gulf of Mexico ( New Orleans, 1718). Amatwale ga Bulaaya agaasooka era mwalimu ettundutundu lya Budaaki eryali likulaakulana erya New Nederland (eryasengebwamu mu 1626, nga leero ye New York) n’ettwale ettono erya Sweden erya New Sweden (eryasenga mu 1638 mu kitundu ekyafuuka Delaware). Okufuga kwa Bungereza ku lubalama lw’ebugwanjuba kwatandika n’ettwale lya Virginia (1607) ne ttwale lya Plymouth (Massachusetts, 1620). <ref>{{Harvnb|Bellah|Madsen|Sullivan|Swidler|Tipton|1985|p=220}}</ref> Endagaano ya Mayflower mu Massachusetts ne Fundamental Orders of Connecticut zassaawo entandikwa y’okukiikirirwa kw’abakiise b’ebitundu n’enkola ya ssemateeka eyandikulaakulanye mu matwale ga Amerika gonna. Abazungu abasenze mu kitundu kati ekiyitibwa Amerika baafuya obutakkaanya n’Abamerika bannansangwa, era beenyigira mu by’obusuubuzi, nga bawanyisiganya ebikozesebwa by’Abazungu n’emmere n’amaliba g’ebisolo. [ n ] Enkolagana yava ku nkolagana ey’oku lusegere okutuuka ku ntalo n’ettemu. Abafuzi b’amatwale baatera okugoberera enkola ezaawaliriza Abazaale b’omu Amerika okuyiga obulamu bw’Abazungu, nga mw’otwalidde n’okukyuka ne bafuuka Abakulisitu. Ku lubalama lw'ennyanja olw'ebuvanjuba, abasenze baakukusanga Abafirika nga bayita mu kusuubula abaddu mu Atlantic, okusinga okukola emirimu egy'amaanyi ku nnimiro ennene. Amatwale Ekkuminaasatu agaasooka [ o ] oluvannyuma agaali gagenda okukola Amerika gaali gafugibwa wansi w'obuyinza bw'Obwakabaka bwa Bungereza nga bufugibwa ba gavana abaalondebwa Kabaka, newankubadde nga gavumenti z'ebitundu zaakola okulonda okuggule eri bannannyini bintu abasajja abazungu abasinga obungi. Omuwendo gw’abantu abafuzi b’amatwale gwakula mangu okuva e Maine okutuuka e Georgia, ne gusaanikira omuwendo gw’abantu enzaalwa z’omu Amerika; mu myaka gya 1770, okweyongera kw’abantu mu kuzaala kwali kwa maanyi nnyo nga n’Abamerika abatonotono bokka be baali bazaalibwa emitala w’amayanja. Obuwanvu bw'olugendo bw'ettwale lino okuva ku Bungereza bwayanguyiza okusimba emirandira mu kwefuga, era embeera eyatuumibwa the [[First Great Awakening]], nga eno yalimu abaali bawakanya Onbukulisitu, kwayongera amaanyi mu kwagala eddembe okw’amatwale erikakasibwa. === Enkyukakyuka ya Amerika ne republic eyasooka (1765 &#x2013; 1800) . ===   [[File:Declaration_independence.jpg|alt=See caption.|thumb|Ekifaananyi ''ky’Okulangirira kw’Obwetwaze'' kiraga Akakiiko k’Abataano nga kayanjula Ekirangiriro ekyo mu lukiiko lwa Continental Congress nga 28 Ogwomukaaga, 1776, mu Philadelphia .]] Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwayo mu lutalo lwa Bufalansa ne Buyindi, Bungereza yatandika okukakasa nti yali efuga nnyo ensonga z’ekitundu mu Matwale Ekkumi n’Asatu, ekyavaamu okuziyiza okw’ebyobufuzi okweyongera . Ekimu ku byali bisinga okusoomooza abafuzi b'amatwale kwe kugaana eddembe lyabwe ng'Abangereza naddala eddembe ly'okukiikirira mu gavumenti ya Bungereza eyabasolooza omusolo. Okulaga obutali bumativu bwabwe n'obumalirivu bwabwe, First Continental Congress yatuula mu 1774 era n'eyisa Continental Association, okugoba ebintu by'Abangereza mu matwale okwassibwa mu nkola "obukiiko bw'obukuumi " obw'omu kitundu ekyalaga nti kikola bulungi. Olwo okugezaako kw'Abangereza okuggyako abafuzi b'amatwale ebyokulwanyisa kwavaamu entalo z'e Lexington ne Concord mu 1775, ne zikuma omuliro mu lutalo lw'Amerika olw'enkyukakyuka . Mu lukiiko lwa Continental Congress olwokubiri, amatwale gaalonda George Washington omuduumizi w'amagye ga Continental, era ne gakola akakiiko akaatuuma Thomas Jefferson erinnya okuwandiika ekiwandiiko ekirangirira obwetwaze . Nga wayise ennaku bbiri nga Second Continental Congress eyisizza ekiteeso kya Lee okutondawo eggwanga eryetongodde, ery’obwetwaze, Ekirangiriro kyayisibwa nga 4 Ogwomusanvu, 1776. Empisa z’ebyobufuzi ez’enkyukakyuka ya Amerika zaava ku bujeemu obw’emmundu obwali busaba ennongoosereza munda mu bwakabaka okutuuka ku nkyukakyuka eyatondawo enkola empya ey’embeera z’abantu n’okufuga eyassibwa ku kulwanirira eddembe n’okukuuma eddembe ly'obutonde eritaggyibwako ; obwenkanya wansi w'amateeka ; obufuzi bw'abantu ; <ref>Yick Wo vs. Hopkins, 118 U.S. 356, 370</ref> repubulika ku bwakabaka, abakulu, n'obuyinza obulala obw'ebyobufuzi obw'obusika; empisa ennungi ez'obwannakyewa ; n'obutagumiikiriza nguzi mu by'obufuzi. Abatandisi ba Amerika, nga muno mwe mwali Washington, Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, James Madison, Thomas Paine, n'abalala bangi, baali baasikirizibwa endowooza eri Classical , eya [[Renaissance]] ne Enlightement eddiini n'eby'okutegeera.<ref>Becker et al (2002), ch 1</ref><ref name="SEoP-2006">{{cite web |date=June 19, 2006 |title=Republicanism |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/republicanism/ |access-date=September 20, 2022 |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy}}</ref> Wadde nga mu nkola okuva lwe zaawandiikibwa mu 1777, Ennyingo z’Omukago zakakasibwa mu 1781 era ne zitandikawo mu butongole gavumenti eyasaasaanyizibwa eyakola okutuusa mu 1789. Oluvannyuma lw’Abangereza okuwanika mu kuzingiza Yorktown mu 1781, obufuzi bwa Amerika bwakkirizibwa mu nsi yonna mu ndagaano ya Paris (1783), Amerika mwe yayita okugaziya ekitundu kyayo okudda mu bugwanjuba okudda ku Mugga Mississippi, ne mu bukiikakkono okutuuka mu Canada nga leero bweyitibwa, n’obukiikaddyo okutuuka mu Spanish Florida.<ref>{{cite web |editor-last=Miller |editor-first=Hunter |title=British-American Diplomacy: The Paris Peace Treaty of September 30, 1783 |url=http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/paris.asp |publisher=The Avalon Project at Yale Law School}}</ref> Etteeka ly’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba (1787) lyassaawo enkola ekitundu ky’eggwanga mwe kyandigaziyiziddwa nga kiyingiziddwamu amawanga amapya, okusinga okugaziya amawanga agaaliwo. Ssemateeka wa Amerika yakolebwa mu lukiiko lwa Ssemateeka olwatuula mu 1787 okuvvuunuka obukwakkulizo obumu obulliu Nnyingo. Yatandika okukola mu 1789, n’etondawo gavumenti eya federo eyafugibwa amatabi asatu ag’enjawulo nga gonna awamu gakola enkola y’okutereezaokutebenkeza. George Washington yalondebwa okuba pulezidenti w'eggwanga eyasooka wansi wa Ssemateeka, era ebbago ly'eddembe (embeera eyalimu omugatte gw'ennongoosereza ekkumi mu Ssemateeka) ly'ayisibwa mu 1791 okukkakkanya okweraliikirira kw'abaali babuusabuusa obuyinza bwa gavumenti obwali obungi ennyo. Okulekulira kwa Washington ku bw'Omuduumizi omukulu oluvannyuma lw'olutalo lw'enkyukakyuka n'oluvannyuma lw'okugaana okwesimbawo ku kisanja eky'okusatu nga pulezidenti w'eggwanga eyasooka kyassaawo entandikwa y'obukulu bw'obuyinza bw'obwannakyewa mu Amerika n'okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe. <ref name="BoyerJr.20072">[[:en:United_States#Boyer|Boyer, 2007]], pp. 192–193</ref> === Okugaziwa okudda mu Bugwanjuba n’olutalo lw’omunda (1800 &#x2013; 1865) . === [[File:U.S._Territorial_Acquisitions.png|alt=Historical territorial expansion of the United States|thumb|Okugaziya ebitundu bya Amerika]] Ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’e 18, abasenze mu Amerika baatandika okugaziwa nga bagenda mu bugwanjuba mu bungi, era bangi baali bawulira nti baali balagiddwa entuuko yaabwe. Okuggyibwa kwa Louisiana okwa 1803 okuva mu Bufalansa kumpi kwakubisaamu emirundi ebiri ettaka lya Amerika. <ref>{{cite web |title=Louisiana Purchase |url=https://www.nps.gov/jeff/historyculture/upload/louisiana_purchase.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329214632/https://www.nps.gov/jeff/learn/historyculture/upload/louisiana_purchase.pdf |archive-date=March 29, 2015 |access-date=March 1, 2011 |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harriss |first=Joseph A. |title=How the Louisiana Purchase Changed the World |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the-louisiana-purchase-changed-the-world-79715124/ |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=Smithsonian Magazine |language=en}}</ref> Ensonga ezaali zisigaddewo ne Bungereza zaasigalawo, ekyavaako olutalo lwa 1812, olwalwanibwa okutuuka ku maliri. Spain yawaayo Florida n'ettaka lyayo erya Gulf Coast mu 1819. Endagaano ya Missouri eya 1820, eyakkiriza Missouri ng’eggwanga ly’abaddu ate Maine ng’eggwanga ery’eddembe, yagezaako okutebenkeza okwagala kw’amasaza g’obukiikakkono okulemesa okugaziwa kw’obuddu mu bitundu ebipya n’obw’amasaza g’obugwanjuba okubugaziya eyo. Okusinga, okukkaanya kwawera obuddu mu nsi endala zonna eza Louisiana Purchase mu bukiikakkono bwa 36°30′ parallel. Abamerika bwe beeyongera okugaziwa mu bitundu omwali Abamerika Abazaaliranwa, gavumenti eya federo yassa mu nkola enkola z’okuggyawo oba okuyingiza Abayindi mu nsi. Etteeka eryasinga obukulu mwekyo lyali tteeka ely'okuggyawo Abayindi erya 1830, enkola enkulu eya Pulezidenti Andrew Jackson . Kyavaamu Trail of Tears oba olugendo lw'amaziga (1830–1850), nga mu kino bannansangwa ab’omu Amerika ababalirirwamu 60,000 abaali babeera ebuvanjuba bw’omugga Mississippi baggyibwawo mu ngeri ey’amaanyi ne basengulwa ne batwalibwa mu nsi eziri ewala ennyo mu bugwanjuba, ekyaviirako abantu 13,200 ku 16,700 okufa mu kugobwa okwo okwali okukake. Okugaziwa kw’abasenze awamu n’okugobwa kuno okw’Abantu enzaalwa okuva mu Buvanjuba kwavaamu Entalo z’Abayindi n'ab’Amerika mu bugwanjuba bwa Mississippi. Mu kiseera ky’amatwale, obuddu bwakkirizibwa mu mateeka mu matwale gonna Ekkumi n’esatu, era mu mwaka gwa 1770 bwe bwali businga okuvaamu abakozi mu kisaawe ky'ebyobulimi ekyali ekigazi, kisaawe ky'ebyobulimi ekyali ekigazimu by’enfuna mu bitundu gye baali beesigama ennyo ku by'obulimi mu,matwale g'omu Bukiikaddyo okuva e Maryland okutuuka e Georgia. Enkola eno yatandika okubuusibwabuusibwa ennyo mu kiseera ky’Enkyukakyuka ya Amerika, [ 92 ] era nga kiwumuddwamu omutwe ekibiina ekikola ennyo okuggyawo obuddu ekyali kizzeemu okuvaayo mu myaka gya 1830, amawanga mu Bukiikakkono gaateekao amateeka agawera obuddu mu nsalo zaago. Mu kiseera ekyo, Okuwangira obuddu kwali kusaasaanidde ekitundu ekigazi mu bitundu by'obukiikaddyo,olw'ensonga nti waaliwo okussa ssente mu kulima ppamba (1793)​ ekyaleetera obuddu okuba nga bufuna nnyo amagoba eri abayivu b'omu bukiikaddyo. Amerika yawamba Republic of Texas mu 1845, era endagaano ya Oregon eya 1846 yaviirako Amerika okufuga ekitundu kya Amerika eky’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba obw’ensangi zino. Enkaayana ne Mexico ku Texas zaavaako olutalo lwa Mexico ne Amerika (1846 &#x2013; 1848). Oluvannyuma lw’obuwanguzi bwa Amerika, Mexico yakkiriza obufuzi bwa Amerika mu Texas, New Mexico, ne California mu ndagaano ya Mexico; ettaka ly’okuweebwayo mu ndagaano eyo mwalimu n’amasaza ag’omu maaso aga Nevada, Colorado ne Utah . Okunoonya zaabu mu California okwaliwo mu 1848–1849 kwaleetera abazungu okusenguka ennyo okugenda ku lubalama lw’ennyanja Pacific, ekyavaako n’okulwanagana okusingawo n’abantu Abazaaliranwa. Ekimu ku bittabantu ebyasinga okuba ebibi mu California nga kyafiiramu nkumi n’ankumi ez’abatuuze Abazaaliranwa, kyatambula okutuuksa mu makkati g’emyaka gya 1870. Ebitundu ebirala eby’obugwanjuba. [[File:US_SlaveFree1858.gif|left|thumb|Amawanga g’abaddu n’amawanga ag’eddembe mu 1858]] Mu myaka gya 1850 gyonna, enkaayana z’ebitundu ezikwata ku buddu zaayongera okukuma omuliro mu mateeka g’eggwanga mu lukiiko lwa Amerika olwa Congress n’okusalawo kwa Kkooti Enkulu. Mu Congress, etteeka erikwata ku buddu erya Fugitive Slave Act erya 1850 lyalagira abantu abaali baddukira mu masaza agataalina baddu mu Bukiikakkono okuddizibwa mu ngeri ey’amaanyi eri bakama baabwe, ate etteeka lya Kansas–Nebraska erya 1854 lyaggyawo ebisaanyizo eby’okulwanyisa obuddu eby’endagaano ya Missouri. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 12, 2021 |title=Milestone documents: Kansas&ndash;Missouri Act (1854) |url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/kansas-nebraska-act |access-date=January 5, 2025 |agency=National Archives (Washington, D.C.)}}</ref> Mu kusalawo kwayo okwa Dred Scott okwa 1857, Kkooti Enkulu yasalawo nga ewakanya omuntu omuddu okuleetebwa mu kitundu ekitaalimu baddu, mu kiseera kye kimu n’elangirira nti Endagaano ya Missouri yonna tekwatagana na ssemateeka. Ebintu bino n’ebirala byayongera okusika omuguwa wakati w’obukiikakkono n’obukiikaddyo okwandivuddemu olutalo lw’omunda mu Amerika (1861–1865). Okutandika ne South Carolina, gavumenti 11 ez’amasaza agaalimu abaddu zaakuba akalulu okwekutula ku Amerika mu 1861, ne geegatta okutondawo omukago gwa Confederate States of America . Gavumenti z'amasaza endala zonna zaasigala nga nneesigwa eri Omukago guno.[ p ] Olutalo lwabalukawo mu Ogwokuna, 1861 oluvannyuma lw'Omukago okukuba bbomu mu Fort Sumter. Oluvannyuma lw'okulangirira eddembe nga 1 Ogwolubereberye, 1863, abaddu bangi abaali bateereddwa beegatta ku ggye ly'Obwegassi. <ref>{{cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=The Fight for Equal Rights: Black Soldiers in the Civil War |url=https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/blacks-civil-war/ |work=[[National Archives and Records Administration|U.S. National Archives and Records Administration]] |quote=By the end of the Civil War, roughly 179,000 black men (10% of the Union army) served as soldiers in the U.S. Army and another 19,000 served in the Navy.}}</ref> Olutalo lwatandika okukyukira ku ludda lw'Obwegassi oluvannyuma lw'okuzingiza Vicksburg mu 1863, n'olutalo lwa Gettysburg, era ab'Omukago beewaayo mu 1865 oluvannyuma lw'obuwanguzi bw'Obwegassi mu lutalo lw'e Appomattox Court House.<ref>Davis, Jefferson. </ref> === Okuddamu okuzimba, omulembe gwa zaabu, n’omulembe ogw’okukulaakulana (1866 &#x2013; 1917) === [[File:Emigrants_(i.e._immigrants)_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm|thumb|Firimu ya Edison Studios eraga abagwiira nga batuuka ku kizinga Ellis mu mwalo gw'e New York, ekifo ekikulu abasenguka Abazungu we baayingiranga ku nkomerero y'ekyasa eky'ekkumi n'omwenda n'okutandika kw'ekyasa eky'amakumi abiri <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 4, 2020 |title=Overview + History {{!}} Ellis Island |url=https://www.statueofliberty.org/ellis-island/overview-history/ |access-date=September 10, 2021 |website=Statue of Liberty & Ellis Island}}</ref>]] Kaweefube w’okuddamu okuzimba mu Obukiikaddyo obwali bwekutuddeko yali atandise mu 1862, naye oluvannyuma lwa Pulezidenti Lincoln okuttibwa, ennongoosereza essatu ez’okuddamu okuzimba mu Ssemateeka zakakasibwa okukuuma eddembe ly’obuntu. Ennongoosereza zino zaateeka mu mateeka mu ggwanga lyonna okuggyibwawo kw'obuddu obutali bwa kyeyagalire okuggyako ng’ekibonerezo, ne zisuubiza obukuumi obwenkanankana mu mateeka eri abantu bonna, era ne ziwera okusosola olw’amawanga oba okufuuka abaddu emabegako. <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Senate: Landmark Legislation: Thirteenth, Fourteenth, & Fifteenth Amendments |url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/CivilWarAmendments.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230082340/https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/CivilWarAmendments.htm |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=January 3, 2021 |website=www.senate.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |url=https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xv |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230082444/https://constitutioncenter.org/interactive-constitution/amendment/amendment-xv |archive-date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=January 3, 2020 |website=National Constitution Center – The 15th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution |language=en}}</ref> N’ekyavaamu, Abafirika abaali bafunye obutuuze mu Amerika baatwala omulimu munene mu byobufuzi mu mawanga agaali ga Confederate mu myaka ekkumi egyaddirira olutalo lw’omunda. Amawanga agaali ga Confederate gaddamu okuyingizibwa mu mukago guno, nga gatandika ne Tennessee mu 1866 ne gamaliriza ne Georgia mu 1870.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Glass|first1=Andrew|title=Tenn. is readmitted to the Union July 24, 1866|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2008/07/tenn-is-readmitted-to-the-union-july-24-1866-011990|access-date=May 11, 2021|work=Politico|date=July 24, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Glass|first1=Andrew|title=Georgia is readmitted to Union July 15, 1870|date=July 15, 2014|work=Politico|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2014/07/georgia-civil-war-108886|access-date=April 12, 2025}}</ref> Ebintu ebikozesebwa mu ggwanga, omuli amasimu n’enguudo z'eggaali z’omukka eziyita wonna ku ssemazinga, byaleetawo enkulaakulana mu Amerika. Kino kyayanguwa olw’etteeka lya Homestead Acts, nga kumpi ebitundu 10 ku buli 100 ku ttaka lyonna erya Amerika lyaweebwa ku bwereere eri abatuuze obukadde 1.6 okubeerako. Okuva mu 1865 okutuuka mu 1917, omuwendo omunene ogw’abagwira ogutabangawo gwatuuka mu Amerika, nga kuliko obukadde 24.4 okuva e Bulaaya. Ebisinga byajja nga biyita ku mwalo gw'e New York, ng'ekibuga New York n'ebibuga ebirala ebinene ku lubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba ne bifuuka amaka g'Abayudaaya, Abayindi, n'Abayitale abangi. Abazungu bangi ab'omu Bukiikakkono awamu n'omuwendo omunene ogw'Abagirimaani n'Abazungu abalala ab'omu masekkati baagenda mu Masekkatin g'omu Bugwanjuba. Mu kiseera kye kimu, Abafaransa nga akakadde kamu aba Canada baasenguka okuva e Quebec ne bagenda mu New England . Mu kiseera ky'okusenguka okunene, obukadde n'obukadde bw'Abafirika Abamerika baava mu byalo eby'obukiikaddyo ne bagenda mu bibuga mu Bukiikakkono. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 20, 2021 |title=The Great Migration (1910–1970) |url=https://www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/migrations/great-migration |publisher=National Archives}}</ref> [[Alaska yagulibwa]] okuva ku [[Rwasha|Russia]] mu 1867. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Purchase of Alaska, 1867 |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/alaska-purchase |access-date=December 23, 2014 |website=Office of the Historian |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> [[Okutwalira awamu endagaano ya 1877]] etwalibwa ng’enkomerero y’omulembe gw’okuzimba, kubanga yagonjoola ekizibu ky’okulonda oluvannyuma [[lw’okulonda kwa Pulezidenti mu 1876]] era n’eviirako Pulezidenti [[Rutherford B. Hayes]] okukendeeza ku mulimu gw’amagye ga federo mu Bugwanjuba. Amangu ago, [[Abanunuzi]] [[baatandika]] okugoba bali [[Abagwira abajja okutwala obuyinza]] ku mpaka era mangu ne baddamu okutwala obuyinza mu kitundu ku byobufuzi by'obukiikaddyo mu linnya [[ly'obukulu bw'abazungu]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Drew Gilpin Faust |author-link=Drew Gilpin Faust |last2=Eric Foner |author-link2=Eric Foner |last3=Clarence E. Walker |author-link3=Clarence E. Walker |title=White Southern Responses to Black Emancipation |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/reconstruction-white-southern-responses-black-emancipation/ |website=[[American Experience]]}}</ref> Abafirika abaali baafuuse abatuuze mu Amerika baagumira ekiseera eky’obusosoze mu mawanga obw’amaanyi, obw’olwatu oluvannyuma lw’Okuzimba Obuggya, ekiseera ekitera okutwalibwa ng’eky’okusosola [[mu mawanga mu Amerika]]. Ensala za Kkooti Enkulu eziddiriŋŋana, omuli ''[[Plessy v. Ferguson]]'', zaggyamu [[ennongoosereza]] [[ey’ekkumi n’ennya]] n’ey’ekkumi n’ettaano mu maanyi gaabwe, ne zikkiriza amateeka ga Jim Crow mu Bukiikaddyo, ebibuga bya [[sundown towns]] mu Masekkati g'Obugwanjuba, n’okwawukana [[mu bitundu okwetoloola eggwanga]], ekyandinywezeddwa ekitundu olw’enkola [[y'okugaana abaddugavu okuwolebwa ssente]] oluvannyuma eyayisibwa federo [[Ekitongole ekiwola ssente za bannannyini mayumba]] . [[Okubalukawo kw’enkulaakulana ya tekinologiya]], nga kuddirirwa okukozesa abakozi abasenge mu ggwanga ab’ebbeeyi entono, kwaleetawo okugaziwa okw’amangu mu by’enfuna mu kiseera kya [[Gilded]] ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’ekkuminoomwenda. Kyagenda mu maaso okutuuka ku ntandikwa y’ekya 20, Amerika bwe yali,emaze okusinga Bungereza, Bufalansa ne Girimaani mu byenfuna byonna awamu. [[Abagagga]] baakulembera eggwanga okugaziya mu makubo [[g’eggaali y’omukka]], [[amafuta]], [[n’ebyuma]], nga Amerika evaayo ng’eyasooka mu [[mulimu gw’okukola emmotoka]].<ref>{{cite web |author1=The Pit Boss |date=February 26, 2021 |title=The Pit Stop: The American Automotive Industry Is Packed With History |url=https://pitstop.rumbleon.com/american-automotive-history |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425053945/https://pitstop.rumbleon.com/american-automotive-history |archive-date=April 25, 2021 |access-date=December 5, 2021 |website=Rumble On}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Maddison |first1=Angus |title=The World Economy: Historical Statistics |url=https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2003/09/the-world-economy_g1gh38a7/9789264104143-en.pdf |access-date=February 16, 2026 |website=OECD}}</ref>[[Robber baron (industrialist)|​]][[Trust (business)|​]][[Monopoly|​]] Kino kyavaamu okweyongera mu maanyi mu by'obufuzi n'eby'enfuna mu abo abaali mu by'amakolero abatono ekyabaviiramu okufuna obwesige n'okuwamba akatale okwewala okubbinkana n'abalala.Enkyukakyuka zino zaavaamu okweyongera okw’amaanyi mu butali bwenkanya mu by’enfuna, embeera z’omugotteko, n’obutabanguko mu bantu, ne kireetawo embeera ennungi ebibiina by’abakozi okukulaakulana era, ku kigero ekitono ennyo, ebibiina by’obweegassi.<ref>Tindall, George Brown and Shi, David E. (2012).</ref>[[Progressive Era|​]] Ekiseera kino kyaggwa oluvannyuma lw'okuja kw'omulembe gw'Enkulaakulana, ogwalimu enkyukakyuka mu by'enfuna, embeera z'abantu, n'amatteeka.<ref name="Aldrich2">Aldrich, Mark.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Progressive Era to New Era, 1900-1929 {{!}} U.S. History Primary Source Timeline {{!}} Classroom Materials at the Library of Congress {{!}} Library of Congress |url=https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/united-states-history-primary-source-timeline/progressive-era-to-new-era-1900-1929/overview/ |access-date=November 11, 2023 |website=Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA}}</ref> Abantu abaali bawagira Amerika mu Hawaii basuula obwakabaka bw'omu Hawaii; ebizinga byagattibwa mu 1898. Mu mwaka gwe gumu, [[Puerto Rico]], [[Philippines]], ne [[Guam]] Spain yabiwa Amerika oluvannyuma lw’okuwangulwa Amerika mu [[lutalo lwa Spain ne Amerika]]. (Philippines yaweebwa obwetwaze obujjuvu okuva mu Amerika nga 4, Ogwomusanvu 1946, oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II. Puerto Rico ne Guam byasigala nga nga bitundu bya Amerika).<ref>{{cite web |title=The Spanish–American War, 1898 |url=https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/spanish-american-war |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=Office of the Historian |publisher=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> [[American Samoa]] yafunibwa Amerika mu 1900 oluvannyuma [[lw'olutalo olw'okubiri olw'omunda mu Samoa]].<ref>Ryden, George Herbert.</ref> [[Ebizinga bya Virgin ebya Amerika]] byafunibwa okuva ku [[Denimaaka|Denmark]] mu 1917 oluvannyuma lw'abalonzi ba Denmark okukkiriza okugitunda mu [[kalulu ka 1916]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Virgin Islands History |url=https://www.vinow.com/general_usvi/history/ |access-date=January 5, 2018 |publisher=Vinow.com}}</ref> == '''Ssematalo I, Okugwa mu byenfuna okwamaanyi, ne Ssematiro II (1917-1945)''' == Amerika [[American entry into World War I|yayingira Ssematalo I]] ng'eri wamu [[Allies of World War I|n'amawanga ag'omukago]] mu 1917 ng'eyamba okukyusa embeera okulwanyisa [[Central Powers|amawanga ag'omu masekkati]].<ref>McDuffie, Jerome; Piggrem, Gary Wayne; Woodworth, Steven E. (2005).</ref> Mu 1920, [[Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|ennongoosereza mu ssemateeka]] yawa [[Women's suffrage in the United States|abakyala eddembe ly'okulonda]] mu ggwanga lyonna . Mu myaka gya 1920 ne 1930, leediyo [[Mass communication|ey’empuliziganya ey’abantu abangi]] ne ttivvi eyasooka z'akyusa empuliziganya mu ggwanga lyonna. [[Wall Street Crash of 1929|Okugwa kwa Wall Street okwa 1929]] kwali kuleese [[Great Depression in the United States|okusereba kw'eby'enfuna]], Pulezidenti [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] kwe yaddamu n'enteekateeka ya [[New Deal]] eya "ennongoosereza, okudda engulu n'okudduukirira", omuddirirwa gw'enteekateeka [[Alphabet agencies|z'okuzzaawo embeera ezitabangawo]] era ezisukkiridde ne [[Works Progress Administration|pulojekiti z'okudduukirira abantu ku mirimu]] nga zigatta wamu [[Regulatory economics|n'ennongoosereza mu by'ensimbi n'ebiragiro]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!-- Staff writer(s); no by-line. --> |year=2013 |title=Mass Exodus From the Plains |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/surviving-the-dust-bowl-mass-exodus-plains/ |access-date=October 5, 2014 |website=American Experience |publisher=WGBH Educational Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fanslow |first=Robin A. |date=April 6, 1997 |title=The Migrant Experience |url=https://memory.loc.gov/ammem/afctshtml/tsme.html |access-date=October 5, 2014 |website=American Folklore Center |publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref> [[United States non-interventionism before entering World War II|Eyali terina ludda]] mu ntandikwa mu kiseera kya [[Military history of the United States during World War II|Ssematalo II]], Amerika yatandika [[Lend-Lease|okugabira]] [[Allies of World War II|amawanga ag'omukago mu Ssematalo II]] ebikozesebwa mu lutalo mu Gwokusatu 1941 era [[American entry into World War II|n'eyingira olutalo]] mu Gwekkumineebiri oluvannyuma lwa [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] [[Attack on Pearl Harbor|okulumba Pearl Harbor]].<ref name="Pearl Harbor2">{{Cite web |last=Yamasaki |first=Mitch |title=Pearl Harbor and America's Entry into World War II: A Documentary History |url=https://www.hawaiiinternment.org/static/ush_yamasaki_documentary_history.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213122046/https://www.hawaiiinternment.org/static/ush_yamasaki_documentary_history.pdf |archive-date=December 13, 2014 |access-date=January 14, 2015 |publisher=World War II Internment in Hawaii}}</ref> Olw'okukkiriza enkola ya " [[Europe first|Bulaaya yeesooka]] ", Amerika yassa essira ku baali bakolagana ne Japan [[Fascist Italy|Yitale]] ne [[Nazi Germany|Girimaani]] mu kiseera ky'olutalo okutuusa lwe baabawangula mu Gwokutaano 1945. Amerika [[Manhattan Project|yakola ebyokulwanyisa bya nukiriya ebyasooka]] [[Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki|n'abikozesa okulwanyisa ebibuga bya Japan ebya Hiroshima ne Nagasaki]] mu Gwomunaana 1945, era n'amaliriza olutalo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Why did Japan surrender in World War II?|language=en|newspaper=The Japan Times|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2016/08/06/commentary/japan-surrender-world-war-ii/|access-date=February 8, 2017|last=Kingston|first=Jeff|date=August 6, 2016}}</ref><ref>Pacific War Research Society (2006).</ref> Amerika yali emu ku " [[Four Policemen|Abapoliisi Abana]] " abaasisinkana okuteekateeka [[Aftermath of World War II|ensi ey'oluvannyuma lw'olutalo]], nga baali wamu ne [[Bungereza]], [[Soviet Union]] ne [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|China]]. Amerika yavaayo nga tefunye buzibu bwonna mu lutalo, ng'erina [[Economic power|amaanyi amangi ennyo mu by'enfuna]] n'obuyinza [[Sphere of influence|bw'ebyobufuzi mu nsi yonna]].<ref>Kennedy, Paul (1989).</ref> == Ssematalo ow’endowooza n’enkyukakyuka mu mbeera z’abantu (1945 &#x2013; 1991) . == [[Ssematalo II]] bwe yaggwa mu 1945 yaleka Amerika ne [[Soviet Union]] nga ge [[amawanga amanene]], nga buli limu lirina [[obuyinza]] bwalyo mu by’obufuzi, eby’amagye, ne mu by’enfuna. Okusika omuguwa mu byobufuzi wakati w'amawanga gombi amanene mu bbanga ttono kwavaako [[Ssematalo ow'endowooza]].<ref name="Blakemore-20192">{{cite web |last=Blakemore |first=Erin |date=March 22, 2019 |title=What was the Cold War? |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401192349/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/topics/reference/cold-war/ |archive-date=April 1, 2019 |access-date=August 28, 2020 |website=National Geographic |language=en}}</ref><ref>Mark Kramer, "The Soviet Bloc and the Cold War in Europe," in {{Cite book |year=2014 |title=A Companion to Europe Since 1945 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EyNcCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT174 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-118-89024-0 |editor-last=Larresm |editor-first=Klaus |page=79}}</ref> Amerika yassa mu nkola enkola y’okuziyiza [[abantu]] egenderera okukomya ekitundu kya Soviet Union; yeenyigira mu [[nkyukakyuka mu nfuga okulwanyisa gavumenti ezilowoozebwa nti zikwatagana n'Abasoviyeti]]; era n’awangula mu mpaka z’omu bbanga, ezaatuuka ku ntikko [[n’okukka ku Mwezi okwasooka okw’abakozi]] mu 1969. Munda mu eggwanga, ly'Amerika ly[[Post–World War II economic expansion|afuna enkulaakulana mu by’enfuna]], [[Urbanization in the United States|okugenda mu bibuga]], n’okukula [[Mid-20th century baby boom|kw’abantu oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II]]. [[Civil rights movement|Ekibiina ky’eddembe ly’obuntu]] kyavaayo, nga [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] afuuka omukulembeze omututumufu ku ntandikwa y’emyaka gya 1960.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Civil Rights Movement |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/eyesontheprize-milestones-civil-rights-movement/ |access-date=January 5, 2019 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> Enteekateeka [[Great Society|y'ekibiina ekinene]] eky'obufuzi ku bwa Pulezidenti bwa [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] yavaamu amateeka, enkola n'okukyusa [[Twenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution|mu ssemateeka]] okumenyawo n'okugaziya okulwanyisa ebimu ku bisinga obubi ebyava mu [[Institutional racism|kusosola mu mawanga okw'ebitongole]] okwaliwo. [[Ekibiina ekyali kikontana n’obuwangwa]] mu Amerika kyaleeta enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu mbeera z’abantu, omuli n’okuteekawo eddembe mu [[kukozesa ebiragalalagala mu kwesanyusaamu]] [[n’okwegatta]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 25, 2022 |title=Playboy: American Magazine |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Playboy |access-date=February 2, 2023 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |quote=...the so-called sexual revolution in the United States in the 1960s, marked by greatly more permissive attitudes toward sexual interest and activity than had been prevalent in earlier generations.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Svetlana Ter-Grigoryan |date=February 12, 2022 |title=The Sexual Revolution Origins and Impact |url=https://study.com/learn/lesson/sexual-liberation-movement-origin-timeline-impact-revolution.html |access-date=April 27, 2023 |website=study.com}}</ref> Era yakubiriza abantu okujeemera okuyingira amagye (okutuusa ku nkomerero y'okuyingira amagye mu 1973).<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 15, 2016 |title=Selective Service Records |url=https://www.archives.gov/st-louis/selective-service |access-date=June 15, 2025 |website=National Archives |language=en}}</ref> n'[[okuwakanya okw'amaanyi]] ekya Amerika okuyingira mu Vietnam, nga Amerika evaayo mu 1975.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Levy|first=Daniel|date=January 19, 2018|title=Behind the Protests Against the Vietnam War in 1968|url=https://time.com/5106608/protest-1968/?amp=true|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|access-date=May 5, 2021|archive-date=October 14, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211014120640/https://time.com/5106608/protest-1968/?amp=true|url-status=dead}}</ref>Enkyukakyuka mu mirimu gy'abakyala ye yaviirako okweyongera kw'abakazi abakola emirimu egisasulwa okuva mu myaka gya 1970 era mu 1985 abakyala b'omu Amerika abasinga obungi ab'emyaka 16 n'okusingawo baatandika okukola.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2013 |title=Women in the Labor Force: A Databook |url=https://www.bls.gov/cps/wlf-databook-2012.pdf |access-date=March 21, 2014 |publisher=U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |page=11}}</ref> Okugwa kw’Obukomunisiti n’okusasika kwa [[Soviet Union]] okuva mu 1989 okutuuka mu 1991 kwalaga nti [[Ssematalo ow’endowooza]] yaggwaawo era n’aleka Amerika ng’eggwanga lyokka ery’amaanyi ennyo mu nsi yonna. <ref>{{Harvnb|Gaĭdar|2007|p=102}}; {{Harvnb|Howell|2006|p=352}}; {{Harvnb|Kissinger|2011|pp=781–884}}; {{Harvnb|Mann|2009|p=432}}{{Harvnb|Hayes|2009}}</ref> Kino kyanyweza obuyinza bwa Amerika mu nsi yonna, ne kinyweza endowooza ya " [[American Century]] " nga Amerika efuga ensonga z'ensi yonna ez'ebyobufuzi, eby'obuwangwa, eby'enfuna, n'eby'amagye. <ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Frum|first=David|date=December 24, 2014|title=The Real Story of How America Became an Economic Superpower|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/12/the-real-story-of-how-america-became-an-economic-superpower/384034/|access-date=December 10, 2024|magazine=[[The Atlantic]]|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.politifact.com/texas/statements/2014/jun/13/ken-paxton/us-army-was-smaller-army-portugal-world-war-ii/|title=U.S. army was smaller than the army for Portugal before World War II|work=Politifact|access-date=January 23, 2018|archive-date=December 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191209073422/https://www.politifact.com/texas/statements/2014/jun/13/ken-paxton/us-army-was-smaller-army-portugal-world-war-ii/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Omulembe gwa kati (1991 &#x2013; kati) == Emyaka gya 1990 gyalimu [[1990s United States boom|okugaziwa kw'ebyenfuna okusinga obugazi mu byafaayo bya Amerika]], [[Crime in the United States#Crime over time|okukendeera okw'amaanyi mu miwendo gy'obumenyi bw'amateeka mu Amerika]], n'okukulaakulana [[Technological and industrial history of the United States#Computers and information networks|mu tekinologiya]]. Mu myaka gino gyonna ekkumi, obuyiiya bwa tekinologiya nga [[World Wide Web]], enkulaakulana ya [[Pentium (original)|Pentium]] microprocessor okusinziira ku [[Moore's law|tteeka lya Moore]], bbaatule za [[:en:Lithium-ion_battery|lithium-ion batteries]] nga zino zaakolebwa okugezesa [[:en:Gene_therapy|gene therapy]] okwasooka n'[[Gene therapy|okukola ebintu oba cloning]], kwakolebwanga mu Amerika oba byalongoosebwayo. Mu myaka gya 1990, [[Human Genome Project|pulojekiti ya Human Genome Project]] yatongozebwa, ate [[Nasdaq]] n’efuuka akatale k’emigabo akaasooka mu Amerika okusuubula ku mitimbagano.<ref>{{Cite web |last=((CFI Team)) |title=NASDAQ |url=https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/nasdaq/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211163114/https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/nasdaq/ |archive-date=December 11, 2023 |access-date=December 11, 2023 |website=[[Corporate Finance Institute]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu [[Gulf War|lutalo lwa Gulf]] mu 1991, [[Coalition of the Gulf War|omukago gw'amawanga ogw'ensi yonna ogwakulemberwa Amerika]] gwagoba eggye [[Ba'athist Iraq|lya Iraq]] eryali liwambye [[Kuwait]] ku muliraano. [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|Ennumba za 11 Ogwomwenda]] 2001 obwakolebwa ku Amerika nga bwakolebwa ekibiina [[Pan-Islamism|ky'abatujju ekya]] [[War on terror|al]] [[Iraq War|-]] [[Al-Qaeda|Qaeda]]. <ref>{{cite news|author=Walsh, Kenneth T.|date=December 9, 2008|title=The 'War on Terror' Is Critical to President George W. Bush's Legacy|newspaper=U.S. News & World Report|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2008/12/09/the-war-on-terror-is-critical-to-president-george-w-bushs-legacy|access-date=March 6, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Wong|first=Edward|date=February 15, 2008|title=Overview: The Iraq War|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/ref/timestopics/topics_iraq.html|access-date=March 7, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Johnson |first=James Turner |year=2005 |title=The War to Oust Saddam Hussein: Just War and the New Face of Conflict |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SF7U27JsLC4C&q=iraq+invasion+removes+hussein |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978-0-7425-4956-2 |page=159 |access-date=October 25, 2015}}</ref> [[2000s United States housing bubble|Ekizibu ky’amayumba mu Amerika]] kyatuuka ku ntikko mu 2007 n’okusereba [[Great Recession|kw’eby’enfuna]], okukendeera kw’ebyenfuna okusinga obunene okuva mu kusereba kw’eby’enfuna kuli okwali okw'ammanyi.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Hilsenrath|first1=Jon|last2=Ng|first2=Serena|last3=Paletta|first3=Damian|date=September 18, 2008|title=Worst Crisis Since '30s, With No End Yet in Sight|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122169431617549947|url-status=live|url-access=subscription|access-date=July 28, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225040616/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122169431617549947|archive-date=December 25, 2014}}</ref> Okutandikira mu myaka gya 2010, n’okugenda mu maaso mu gya 2020, Amerika efunye [[Political polarization in the United States|okwekutula kw’ebyobufuzi okweyongedde]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Murray |first=Mark |last2=Marquez |first2=Alexandra |date=June 15, 2023 |title=Here's what's driving America's increasing political polarization |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/meetthepressblog/s-s-driving-americas-increasing-political-polarization-rcna89559 |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> n’okudda [[emabega okw’amaanyi mu demokulasiya]].<ref name="Grumbach 2021">{{Harvnb|Grumbach|2021}}.</ref> Okukutula eggwanga lino kwalabikira nnyo mu [[bulumbaganyi obwaliwo mu Gwolubereberye 2021 mu Capitol]], <ref name="Kleinfeld-2023">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> ekibinja ky'abayeekera <ref name="Pape-2022">{{Cite web |last=Pape |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Pape |date=January 5, 2022 |title=American Face of Insurrection: Analysis of Individuals Charged for Storming the US Capitol on January 6, 2021 |url=https://cpost.uchicago.edu/publications/american_face_of_insurrection/ |access-date=September 13, 2024 |website=cpost.uchicago.edu |publisher=[[University of Chicago]], Chicago Project on Security and Threats}}</ref> abawagira Pulezidenti [[Donald Trump]] bwe baayingira mu [[United States Capitol|Capitol ya Amerika]] ne banoonya okulemesa okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> mu [[kugezaako okuwamba gavumenti]]. Gwali [[mulundi gwa pulezidenti ogwasooka okugaana]] [[okukyusa obuyinza mu mirembe]]. <ref name="Multiple Sources"><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{multiref2|{{Cite book |last=Harvey |first=Michael |url=https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003110361-1/introduction-michael-harvey |title=Donald Trump in Historical Perspective |date=2022 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-003-11036-1 |editor-last=Harvey |editor-first=Michael |chapter=Introduction: History's Rhymes |doi=10.4324/9781003110361-1 |quote=As with the Beer Hall Putsch, a would-be leader tried to take advantage of an already scheduled event (in Hitler's case, Kahr's speech; in Trump's, Congress's tallying of the electoral votes) to create a dramatic moment with himself at the center of attention, calling for bold action to upend the political order. Unlike Hitler's coup attempt, Trump already held top of office, so he was attempting to hold onto power, not seize it (the precise term for Trump's intended action is a 'self-coup' or 'autogolpe'). Thus, Trump was able to plan for the event well in advance, and with much greater control, including developing the legal arguments that could be used to justify rejecting the election's results.}} (p. 3)|{{cite journal |last1=Pion-Berlin |first1=David |last2=Bruneau |first2=Thomas |last3=Goetze |first3=Richard B. Jr. |date=April 7, 2022 |title=The Trump self-coup attempt: comparisons and civil–military relations |journal=Government and Opposition |volume=58 |issue=4 |pages=789–806 |doi=10.1017/gov.2022.13 |s2cid=248033246 |doi-access=free |hdl=10945/72654 |hdl-access=free}}|{{cite journal |author1-last=Castañeda |author1-first=Ernesto |author2-last=Jenks |author2-first=Daniel |date=April 17, 2023 |title=January 6th and De-Democratization in the United States |editor-last1=Costa |editor-first1=Bruno Ferreira |editor-last2=Parton |editor-first2=Nigel |journal=Social Sciences |publisher=[[MDPI]] |volume=12 |issue=4 |page=238 |doi=10.3390/socsci12040238 |doi-access=free |issn=2076-0760 |quote=What the United States went through on January 6th was an attempt at a self-coup, where Trump would use force to stay as head of state even if abandoning democratic practices in the U.S. Some advised Trump to declare martial law to create a state of emergency and use that as an excuse to stay in power.}}|{{Cite report |url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/trump-on-trial/ |title=Trump on Trial: A Guide to the January 6 Hearings and the Question of Criminality |last1=Eisen |first1=Norman |last2=Ayer |first2=Donald |date=June 6, 2022 |publisher=Brookings Institution |language=en-US |quote=[Trump] tried to delegitimize the election results by disseminating a series of far fetched and evidence-free claims of fraud. Meanwhile, with a ring of close confidants, Trump conceived and implemented unprecedented schemes to{{snd}}in his own words{{snd}}"overturn" the election outcome. Among the results of this "Big Lie" campaign were the terrible events of January 6, 2021{{snd}}an inflection point in what we now understand was nothing less than an attempted coup. |last3=Perry |first3=Joshua |last4=Bookbinder |first4=Noah |last5=Perry |first5=E. Danya |access-date=December 16, 2023}}|{{cite court |litigants=Eastman v Thompson, et al. |opinion=8:22-cv-00099-DOC-DFM Document 260 |pinpoint=44 |court=S.D. Cal. |date=May 28, 2022 |url=https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840/gov.uscourts.cacd.841840.260.0.pdf |access-date=December 16, 2023 |quote=Dr. Eastman and President Trump launched a campaign to overturn a democratic election, an action unprecedented in American history. Their campaign was not confined to the ivory tower{{snd}}it was a coup in search of a legal theory. The plan spurred violent attacks on the seat of our nation's government, led to the deaths of several law enforcement officers, and deepened public distrust in our political process... If Dr. Eastman and President Trump's plan had worked, it would have permanently ended the peaceful transition of power, undermining American democracy and the Constitution. If the country does not commit to investigating and pursuing accountability for those responsible, the Court fears January 6 will repeat itself.}}|{{Cite web |last=Graham |first=David A. |date=January 6, 2021 |title=This Is a Coup |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106224049/https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/01/attempted-coup/617570/ |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=[[The Atlantic]]}}|{{Cite web |last=Musgrave |first=Paul |date=January 6, 2021 |title=This Is a Coup. Why Were Experts So Reluctant to See It Coming? |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106235812/https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/01/06/coup-america-capitol-electoral-college-2020-election/ |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=Foreign Policy}}|{{Cite web |last=Solnit |first=Rebecca |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Call it what it was: a coup attempt |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107000436/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jan/06/trump-mob-storm-capitol-washington-coup-attempt |archive-date=January 7, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=The Guardian}}|{{Cite web |last=Coleman |first=Justine |date=January 6, 2021 |title=GOP lawmaker on violence at Capitol: 'This is a coup attempt' |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106212600/https://thehill.com/homenews/house/532944-gop-lawmaker-on-violence-at-capitol-this-is-a-coup-attempt |archive-date=January 6, 2021 |access-date=December 16, 2023 |website=[[The Hill (newspaper)|The Hill]]}}|{{Cite web |last=Jacobson |first=Louis |date=January 6, 2021 |title=Is this a coup? Here's some history and context to help you decide |url=https://www.politifact.com/article/2021/jan/06/coup-heres-some-history-and-context-help-you-decid/ |access-date=January 7, 2021 |website=[[PolitiFact]] |quote=A good case can be made that the storming of the Capitol qualifies as a coup. It's especially so because the rioters entered at precisely the moment when the incumbent's loss was to be formally sealed, and they succeeded in stopping the count.}}|{{Cite news |last1=Barry |first1=Dan |last2=Frenkel |first2=Sheera |date=January 7, 2021 |title='Be There. Will Be Wild!': Trump All but Circled the Date |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/06/us/politics/capitol-mob-trump-supporters.html |archive-date=December 28, 2021 |url-access=registration |url-status=live |access-date=December 16, 2023}}|{{cite encyclopedia |last=Duignan |first=Brian |date=August 4, 2021 |title=January 6 U.S. Capitol attack |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack |url-status=live |access-date=September 22, 2021 |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |quote=Because its object was to prevent a legitimate president-elect from assuming office, the attack was widely regarded as an insurrection or attempted coup d'état. |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117232629/https://www.britannica.com/event/January-6-U-S-Capitol-attack |archive-date=January 17, 2023}}}}</ref> Abayivu mu bugazi bagamba nti Amerika eri mu kukyuka okuva mu byobufuzi bya [[demokulasiya ow'eddembe]] okudda mu [[nfuga ey'ekintabuli]] okuva mu 2025. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> We bwatuukira mu 2026, okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya [[London School of Economics]] kwazuula nti bannassaayansi b'ebyobufuzi abasinga obungi abaabuuzibwa tebaali bakkiriza nti [[okulonda kwa Amerika okwa 2026]] kwandituukiriza ebisaanyizo by'okubeera " [[eby'eddembe era eby'obwenkanya]] ".<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2026, eggwanga lino era lyajaguza [[emyaka 250 bukya litandikibwawo]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> == Enkula y’ensi == Amerika y’ensi [[eyookusatu mu bunene]] mu nsi yonna okusinziira ku bunene bwonna ng’eddiridde Russia ne Canada. [ c ] [[Amasaza 48 ne Disitulikiti ya Columbia]] byonna awamu gali ku bugazi bwa 3,119,885 square miles ( sikweya kiromita 8,080,470) . <ref name="CensusGov2010HTML">Areas of the 50 states and the District of Columbia but not Puerto Rico nor other island territories per {{cite web |date=August 2010 |title=State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates |url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/2010/geo/state-area.html |access-date=March 31, 2020 |work=[[Census.gov]] |quote=reflect base feature updates made in the MAF/TIGER database through August, 2010.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Field Listing: Area |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#as |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707180005/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/279.html#as |archive-date=July 7, 2020 |access-date=April 21, 2020 |website=The World Factbook |publisher=cia.gov}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2021, Amerika yalina ebitundu 8% ku nnimiro n’amalundiro ag’enkalakkalira ku Nsi kuno ate ebitundu 10% ku ttaka lyayo ery’ebirime. <ref>{{cite web |last=Lew |first=Alan |title=PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE US |url=https://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch2.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409112252/https://www.geog.nau.edu/courses/alew/gsp220/text/chapters/ch2.html |archive-date=April 9, 2016 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=GSP 220—Geography of the United States |publisher=North Arizona University}}</ref> Okutandikira mu buvanjuba, olusenyi lw’oku lubalama lw’ennyanja Atlantic luwa ekifo ebibira ebiri munda mu nsi n’obusozi obuyiringisibwa mu kitundu ky’olusenyi lwa Piedmont . [1] Ensozi za Appalachian ne Adirondack Massif zaawula olubalama lw'Ebuvanjuba ku Nnyanja Ennene n'omuddo ogw'omu maserengeta ga Midwest . [2] Enkola y'emigga Mississippi, enkola y'emigga ey'okuna mu nsi yonna mu buwanvu, esinga kutambula mu bukiikakkono–obugwanjuba okuyita mu makkati g'eggwanga. Ekiwonvu ekipapajjo era ekigimu eky’omu Great Plains kibuna mu maserengeta, era nga kitaataaganyizibwa ekitundu eky’ensozi mu bukiikaddyo obw’obuvanjuba.[2] Ensozi z’amayinja, mu bugwanjuba ga Great Plains, ziwanvuwa okuva mu bukiikakkono okutuuka mu bukiikaddyo okwetoloola eggwanga, era nga zituukira ku ffuuti14,000 (mmita 4,300 ) mu [[Colorado]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Harms |first=Nicole |title=Facts About the Rocky Mountain Range |url=https://traveltips.usatoday.com/rocky-mountain-range-11967.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212094150/https://traveltips.usatoday.com/rocky-mountain-range-11967.html |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |website=USA Today}}</ref> [[Supervolcano|Olusozi olusozi oluwanda omuliro olukulu]] oluli wansi wa Yellowstone National Park mu nsozi z'amayinja, [[Yellowstone Caldera]], lwe lusozi oluwanda omuliro olusinga obunene ku semazinga ono. <ref>{{Cite web |last=O'Hanlon |first=Larry |date=March 14, 2005 |title=America's Explosive Park |url=https://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050314034001/https://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html |archive-date=March 14, 2005 |access-date=April 5, 2016 |publisher=Discovery Channel}}</ref> Ewala mu bugwanjuba waliwo [[Great Basin|ekiwonvu ekinene]] eky’amayinja n’eddungu lya [[Chihuahuan Desert|Chihuahuan]], [[Sonoran Desert|Sonoran]], n'eddungu lya [[Mojave Desert|Mojave]]. Mu nsonda ey’obukiikakkono bw’obugwanjuba bwa [[Arizona]], eyayoolwa [[Colorado River|omugga Colorado]], waliwo [[Grand Canyon]], ekiwonvu ekiriko enjuyi empanvu era ekifo eky’obulambuzi ekimanyiddwa ennyo <ref>{{Cite web |title=Executive Summary of Grand Canyon Tourism |url=http://www.nau.edu/hrm/ahrrc/reports/G_C_EXEC_SUMMARY.pdf#search=grandcanyon |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100928184338/http://www.nau.edu/hrm/ahrrc/reports/G_C_EXEC_SUMMARY.pdf#search=grandcanyon |archive-date=September 28, 2010 |access-date=January 4, 2007 |publisher=Northern Arizona University |format=PDF}}</ref> ekimanyiddwa olw’obunene bwakyo obw’okulaba obusukkiridde n’ebifo ebizibu, ebya langi. Ensozi za [[Cascade Range|Cascade]] ne [[Sierra Nevada]] zitambulira kumpi n'olubalama [[West Coast of the United States|lw'ennyanja Pacific]]. [[Extreme points of the United States|Ebifo ebisinga wansi n’okugulumizibwa mu Amerika eririraanyewo]] biri mu Ssaza ly’e California,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mount Whitney, California |url=https://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=2829 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |publisher=Peakbagger}}</ref> nga mayiro 84 ( kiromita 135) nga baawukanye.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Find Distance and Azimuths Between 2 Sets of Coordinates (Badwater 36-15-01-N, 116-49-33-W and Mount Whitney 36-34-43-N, 118-17-31-W) |url=https://transition.fcc.gov/fcc-bin/distance?dlat=36&mlat=15&slat=01&ns=1&dlon=116&mlon=49&slon=33&ew=1&dlat2=36&mlat2=34&slat2=43&sn=1&dlon2=118&mlon2=17&slon2=31&we=1&iselec=1 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |publisher=Federal Communications Commission}}</ref>Ku buwanvu bwa ffuuti 20,310 ( mayiro 6,190.5 ), [[Denali]] mu Alaska (era eyitibwa Mount McKinley) ye ntikko esinga obuwanvu mu ggwanga ne ku ssemazinga ono.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Poppick |first=Laura |date=August 28, 2013 |title=US Tallest Mountain's Surprising Location Explained |url=https://www.livescience.com/39245-us-tallest-mountain-location-explained.html |access-date=May 2, 2015 |publisher=LiveScience}}</ref> [[List of volcanoes in the United States|Ensozi eziwanda omuliro ezikola mu Amerika]] zitera okubeera mu bizinga byonna ebya Alaska ebya [[Alexander Archipelago|Alexander]] ne [[Aleutian Islands|Aleutian]]. Ekizinga kino ekya Hawaii ekisangibwa ebweru wa North America yonna, kirimu ebizinga ebirimu ensozi eziwanda omuliro [[Physical geography|mu bifaananyi]] [[Ethnology|n’amawanga]] kitundu kya kitundu kya [[Polynesia]] ekya [[Oceania]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 12, 2018 |title=Is Hawaii a Part of Oceania or North America? |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/is-hawaii-a-part-of-oceania-or-north-america.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711143815/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/is-hawaii-a-part-of-oceania-or-north-america.html |archive-date=July 11, 2019 |access-date=June 24, 2019 |website=WorldAtlas}}</ref> Ng’oggyeeko obugazi bw’ettaka lyayo lyonna, Amerika erina ekimu ku bitundu ebisinga obunene mu nsi yonna eby’ebyenfuna eby’enjawulo ebikwata ku nnyanja ebibunye square miles nga obukadde 4.5 (11.7 million km ² ) ez’ennyanja. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The United States is an Ocean Nation |url=https://www.gc.noaa.gov/documents/2011/012711_gcil_maritime_eez_map.pdf |access-date=September 14, 2025 |website=[[NOAA]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Marine Regions · United States Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) |url=https://www.marineregions.org/gazetteer.php?p=details&id=8456 |access-date=September 15, 2025 |website=www.marineregions.org}}</ref> == Embeera y'obudde == Olw’obunene bwayo n’ebifo eby’enjawulo, Amerika erimu ebika by’embeera y'obudde ebisinga obungi. Ebuvanjuba bwa [[100th meridian]], embeera y’obudde etandikira ku kika ekiyitibwa [[Humid continental climate|Humid continental]] mu bukiikakkono okutuuka ku kya [[Humid subtropical climate|humid tropical]] mu bukiikaddyo.<ref>{{cite web |last=Boyden |first=Jennifer |title=Climate Regions of the United States |url=https://traveltips.usatoday.com/climate-regions-united-states-21570.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220212094152/https://traveltips.usatoday.com/climate-regions-united-states-21570.html |archive-date=February 12, 2022 |access-date=December 24, 2014 |work=USA Today}}</ref> Ebiwonvu ebinene ebiyitibwa The western Great Plains eby'obugwanjuba biba mu kika kya [[Semi-arid climate|semi-arid]]. Ebitundu bingi eby'ensozi mu bugwanjuba bwa Amerika birina [[Alpine climate|embeera y'obudde ey'ensozi]] . Embeera y’obudde [[Desert climate|nkalu]] mu Bukiikaddyo bw'obugwanjuba, [[Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean]] mu [[Coastal California|lubalama lw’essaza lya California]], ate eri [[Oceanic climate|oceanic]] mu lubalama lw’e[[Oregon]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]], n’obukiikaddyo bwa [[Alaska]] . Ekitundu ekisinga obunene ekya Alaska kiri mu kitundu kya [[Subarctic climate|subarctic]] oba [[Polar climate|polar]]. [[Hawaii]], [[ekitundu ky'obukiikaddyo bwa Florida]] n'ebitundu bya Amerika mu [[Caribbean]] ne [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] biri mu mbeera ya [[Tropical climate|Tropical]].<ref>{{cite web |title=World Map of Köppen–Geiger Climate Classification |url=https://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126115149/http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf |archive-date=January 26, 2022 |access-date=August 19, 2015}}</ref> Amerika efuna ebizibu [[by’embeera y'obudde ebisukkiridde]] ebikosa ennyo okusinga mu mawanga amalala gonna.<ref>{{cite web |last=Rice |first=Doyle |title=USA has the world's most extreme weather |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/weather/2013/05/16/extreme-weather-north-america/2162501/ |access-date=May 17, 2020 |website=USA Today |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Borenstein |first=Seth |date=April 2, 2023 |title=Why the U.S. is leading the world in extreme weather catastrophes |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/why-the-u-s-is-leading-the-world-in-extreme-weather-catastrophes |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=PBS News |language=en-us}}</ref> Amasaza agali ku nsalo ya [[Gulf of Mexico]] gatera okubeera n'embuyaga, era ensoke ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna [[zibeera mu ggwanga lino]], okusinga mu [[Tornado Alley]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Perkins, Sid|date=May 11, 2002|title=Tornado Alley, USA|url=https://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20020511/bob9.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701131631/https://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20020511/bob9.asp|archive-date=July 1, 2007|access-date=September 20, 2006|work=Science News}}</ref> [[Olw’enkyukakyuka mu m,beera y’obudde|Olw’enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y’obudde]], embeera y’obudde embi efuuse ya bulijjo mu Amerika mu kyasa 21, ng’omuwendo [[Heat waves|gw’ebbugumu]] ogwaweebwako alipoota gukubisaamu emirundi esatu bw’ogeraageranya n’emyaka gya 1960. <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=March 26, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Weather and Climate |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/weather-climate |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250530120153/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/weather-climate |archive-date=May 30, 2025 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=April 18, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Heat Waves |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512213757/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-date=May 12, 2021 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |date=April 18, 2025 |title=Climate Change Indicators: Heat Waves |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512213757/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-heat-waves |archive-date=May 12, 2021 |access-date=June 9, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> Okuva mu myaka gya 1990, ekyeya mu [[Bukikkaddyo bw'obugwanjuba bwa Amerika]] kyeyongera okubeera eky’amaanyi era nga kitwala ekiseera ekiwanvu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=US EPA |first=OAR |date=December 2024 |title=A Closer Look: Temperature and Drought in the Southwest |url=https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/southwest |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170105075435/https://www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/southwest |archive-date=2017-01-05 |access-date=June 19, 2025 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> Ebitundu ebitwalibwa ng’ebisinga okusikiriza abantu bye bisinga okubeera mu bulabe. <ref>{{cite web |last1=Waldron |first1=Lucas |last2=Lustgarten |first2=Abrahm |date=November 10, 2020 |title=Climate Change Will Make Parts of the U.S. Uninhabitable. Americans Are Still Moving There. |url=https://www.propublica.org/article/climate-change-will-make-parts-of-the-u-s-uninhabitable-americans-are-still-moving-there |access-date=November 25, 2024 |website=Propublica |publisher=Rhodium Group}}</ref> == Ebitonde eby’enjawulo n’enkuuma yaabyo == US y’emu ku [[nsi 17 ez’enjawulo]] ezirimu ebika by'ebitonde ebingi ebibeera mu kitundu kino : ebika [[Vascular plant|by’ebimera]] nga 17,000 bibeera mu Amerika ne Alaska, era ebika [[by’ebimera ebirina ebimuli]] ebisukka mu 1,800 bisangibwa mu Hawaii, ebitono ku byo bibeera ku lukalu. <ref>{{cite web |author=Morin, Nancy |title=Vascular Plants of the United States |url=https://www.fungaljungal.org/papers/National_Biological_Service.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724222726/https://www.fungaljungal.org/papers/National_Biological_Service.pdf |archive-date=July 24, 2013 |access-date=October 27, 2008 |website=Plants |publisher=National Biological Service}}</ref> Amerika erimu ebika by'ebisolo [[Mammal|ebizaala]] 428, ebinyonyi 784, ebisolo ebyewalula oba reptiles 311, ekika kya [[Amphibians]] 295, <ref name="Current Results # of native species in the US">{{Cite web |last=Osborn |first=Liz |title=Number of Native Species in United States |url=https://www.currentresults.com/Environment-Facts/Plants-Animals/number-of-native-species-in-united-states.php |access-date=January 15, 2015 |publisher=Current Results Nexus}}</ref> n'ebika by'ebiwuka nga 91,000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Numbers of Insects (Species and Individuals) |url=https://www.si.edu/Encyclopedia_SI/nmnh/buginfo/bugnos.htm |access-date=January 20, 2009 |publisher=Smithsonian Institution}}</ref> Waliwo [[amakuumiro g'ebisolo 63]], n’ebikumi n’ebikumi by’ebijjukizo ebirala ebiddukanyizibwa gavumenti eya wakati, ebibira, n’ebitundu by’eddungu, ebiddukanyizibwa ekitongole kya [[National Park Service]] n’ebitongole ebirala.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Park FAQ |url=https://www.nps.gov/aboutus/national-park-system.htm/index.htm |access-date=May 8, 2015 |website=nps |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> Ebitundu nga 28% ku ttaka ly'eggwanga lino lya gavumenti era liddukanyizibwa gavumenti eya wakati,<ref name="NYTimes Federal Land">{{cite news|last1=Lipton|first1=Eric|last2=Krauss|first2=Clifford|title=Giving Reins to the States Over Drilling|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/24/us/romney-would-give-reins-to-states-on-drilling-on-federal-lands.html?pagewanted=2&_r=0|access-date=January 18, 2015|newspaper=The New York Times|date=August 23, 2012}}</ref> okusinga mu masaza g'amawanga g'obugwanjuba . <ref name="AKLeg CRS Federal Land">{{Cite report|url=https://www.akleg.gov/basis/get_documents.asp?session=31&docid=47224|title=Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data|publisher=Congressional Research Service|date=March 3, 2017|access-date=June 18, 2020|last1=Vincent|first1=Carol H.|last2=Hanson|first2=Laura A.|last3=Argueta|first3=Carla N.|page=2}}</ref> [[Protected areas of the United States|Ettaka lino erisinga likuumibwa]], wadde ng’erimu lipangisibwa okukozesebwa mu by’obusuubuzi, era eritakka wansi wa kimu ku buli kikumi likozesebwa mu by’amagye. <ref name="Federal Land Ownership">{{cite web |last1=Gorte |first1=Ross W. |last2=Vincent |first2=Carol Hardy. |last3=Hanson |first3=Laura A. |last4=Marc R. |first4=Rosenblum |title=Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42346.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150124032234/http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42346.pdf |archive-date=January 24, 2015 |access-date=January 18, 2015 |website=fas.org |publisher=Congressional Research Service}}</ref><ref name="Fed Land Uses">{{Cite web |title=Chapter 6: Federal Programs to Promote Resource Use, Extraction, and Development |url=https://www.doi.gov/pmb/oepc/wetlands2/v2ch6.cfm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318005744/https://www.doi.gov/pmb/oepc/wetlands2/v2ch6.cfm |archive-date=March 18, 2015 |access-date=January 19, 2015 |website=doi.gov |publisher=U.S. Department of the Interior}}</ref> Ensonga z'obutonde bw'ensi mu Amerika mulimu okukubaganya ebirowoozo ku by'obugagga ebitazzibwa buggya [[n'amaanyi ga nukiriya]], obwonoona kw'empewo n'amazzi, ebitonde eby'enjawulo, okutema emiti n'okutema [[Deforestation in the United States|ebibira]], <ref>{{Cite web |last=The National Atlas of the United States of America |date=January 14, 2013 |title=Forest Resources of the United States |url=https://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/biology/a_forest.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090507195541/https://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/biology/a_forest.html |archive-date=May 7, 2009 |access-date=January 13, 2014 |publisher=Nationalatlas.gov}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |year=2003 |title=Land Use Changes Involving Forestry in the United States: 1952 to 1997, With Projections to 2050 |url=https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/gtr587.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228031404/https://www.fs.fed.us/pnw/pubs/gtr587.pdf |archive-date=2008-02-28 |access-date=January 13, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Climate change in the United States|n'enkyukakyuka y'obudde]] . <ref>[[United States#Daynes|Daynes & Sussman, 2010]], pp. 3, 72, 74–76, 78</ref> <ref>Hays, Samuel P. (2000).</ref> Ekitongole kya America ekikuuma obutonde bwensi ekya [[Environmental Protection Agency]]<nowiki/>i (EPA) kye kitongole kya gavumenti eya wakati ekivunaanyizibwa ku [[Environmental policy of the United States|nsonga ezisinga ezikwata ku butonde bw'ensi]]. [[Endowooza y’ettale]] ebadde ewa enzirukanya y’ettaka ly’olukale okuva mu 1964, n’etteeka [[Wilderness Act|ly’ettale]]. <ref>Turner, James Morton (2012).</ref> [[Endangered Species Act of 1973|Etteeka ly’ebika by'ebitonde ebiri mu katyabaga k’okusaanawo erya 1973]] liwa engeri y’okukuuma ebika ebiri mu katyabaga n’ebisangibwa mu katyabaga k’okusaanawo n’ebifo mwe bibeera. Ekitongole kya Amerika ekivunaanyizibwa ku byennyanja n’ebisolo by’omu nsiko ekya [[United States Fish and Wildlife Service]] kissa mu nkola etteeka lino era ne lissa mu nkola. <ref name="Office">{{cite book |year=2003 |title=Endangered species Fish and Wildlife Service |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a8BEuUPJb58C&pg=PA1 |publisher=General Accounting Office, Diane Publishing |isbn=978-1-4289-3997-4 |pages=1–3, 42 |access-date=October 25, 2015}}</ref> Mu 2024, Amerika yakwata ekifo kya 35 mu mawanga 180 mu [[muwendo gw'enkola ku butonde bw'ensi]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 10, 2024 |title=Environmental Performance Index |url=https://epi.yale.edu/measure/2024/EPI |access-date=July 10, 2024 |website=epi.yale.edu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240710023935/https://epi.yale.edu/measure/2024/EPI |archive-date=July 10, 2024 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Gavumenti n’ebyobufuzi byayo == Amerika ggwanga lya federo eririmu amasaza 50 n’essza ekkulu erya federo, erya Washington, DC. Amerika ekakasa obwannannyini ku bitundu bitaano ebitali mu mateeka n’ebintu by’ebizinga ebiwerako ebitaliimu bantu. <ref name="HRI-2012">{{multiref2|{{Cite web |publisher=U.S. State Department |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/179780.htm |title=Common Core Document to U.N. Committee on Human Rights |date=December 30, 2011 |at=Item 22, 27, 80 |access-date=April 6, 2016}}|{{Cite web |publisher=U.S. General Accounting Office Report |url=https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf |title=U.S. Insular Areas: application of the U.S. Constitution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103093032/https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf |archive-date=November 3, 2013 |date=November 1997 |pages=1, 6, 39n |access-date=April 6, 2016}} }}</ref> Y'ensi erimu federo esinga obukadde mu nsi yonna, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Desjardins |first=Jeff |date=August 8, 2019 |title=Mapped: The world's oldest democracies |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/08/countries-are-the-worlds-oldest-democracies/ |access-date=June 25, 2024 |website=[[World Economic Forum]]}}</ref> era [[enkola yaayo ey'obwa pulezidenti]] eya gavumenti eya federo ebadde etwalibwa, mu bulambalamba oba mu kitundu, amawanga mangi agaba gaakafuna obwetwaze mu nsi yonna oluvannyuma lw'[[okuva mu mikono gy'abafuzi b'amatwale]]. Ssemateeka wa Amerika akola nga [[ekiwandiiko ky'amateeka eky'oku ntikko]] mu ggwanga. Amerika ye yali esinga okumanyika [[Liberal democracy|mu demokulasiya ow’eddembe]] okumala ekitundu ekinene eky’ekyasa eky’abiri n’okutandika kw’ekyasa kyabirimwekimu, naye ebadde n’okudda [[Democratic backsliding in the United States|emabega okw’amaanyi mu demokulasiya]] n’okukyuka okudda mu [[Hybrid regime|nfuga ey’ekintabuli]] nga muno mulimu enkola y’ebyobufuzi egatta ebintu [[Authoritarianism|eby’obwannakyewa]] ne [[Democracy|demokulasiya]]. <ref name="Grumbach 20212">{{Harvnb|Grumbach|2021}}.</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=March 17, 2026 |title=DEMOCRACY REPORT 2026: Unraveling The Democratic Era? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/75/V-Dem_Institute_Democracy_Report_2026_lowres.pdf |access-date=March 22, 2026 |website=[[V-Dem Institute]] |quote=One notable shift is the transformation of the Republican Party to endorsing a far-right, nationalist, and anti-pluralist agenda. Nationalist, anti-liberal, far-right parties and leaders have largely driven the “third wave of autocratization.” Yet the USA stands out as the only case where such movement seized control over one party in a rigid two-party system.}}</ref> [[Gerrymandering in the United States|Gerrymandering]], nga kino kirimu okukozesa obubi disitulikiti olw’okuganyulwa mu byobufuzi, kusaasaanidde nnyo era nga kibadde kivugibwa ensala za kkooti ey’oku ntikko mu myaka gya 2010 ne 2020. <ref name=":52">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> Waliwo okukubaganya ebirowoozo okugenda mu maaso mu bannassaayansi b’ebyobufuzi oba eggwanga lino lisinga kuteekebwa mu kibinja kya [[Electoral autocracy|demokulasiya ow’eddembe mu kulonda]] oba [[Illiberal democracy|demokulasiya atali mu ddembe]], nga batono abakyalowooza nti etuukana n’embeera ya demokulasiya ow’eddembe omunywevu. <ref name=":62">{{Cite web |last=Geiger |first=Abigail |date=June 12, 2014 |title=Political Polarization in the American Public |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2014/06/12/political-polarization-in-the-american-public/ |access-date=June 30, 2024 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|last=Langfitt|first=Frank|date=2025-04-22|title=Hundreds of scholars say U.S. is swiftly heading toward authoritarianism|url=https://www.npr.org/2025/04/22/nx-s1-5340753/trump-democracy-authoritarianism-competive-survey-political-scientist|access-date=2026-05-25|work=[[NPR]]|language=en|quote=A survey of more than 500 political scientists finds that the vast majority think the United States is moving swiftly from liberal democracy toward some form of authoritarianism.}}</ref> <ref name=":52" /> == Gavumenti ya federo == Gavumenti ya federo erimu amatabi asatu, nga gonna ekitebe kyago ekikulu kisangibwa mu Washington, DC. Gavumenti ye gavumenti y'eggwanga lya Amerika. Ssemateeka wa Amerika assaawo [[Separation of powers|okwawula obuyinza]] okugendereddwamu okussaawo enkola y’okukebera [[Checks and balances|n’okutebenkeza]] okutangira amatabi gonna ku asatu okufuuka ag’oku ntikko. <ref>{{cite web |author=Killian, Johnny H. Ed |title=Constitution of the United States |url=https://www.senate.gov/civics/constitution_item/constitution.htm |access-date=February 11, 2012 |publisher=The Office of the Secretary of the Senate}}</ref> Enkola y’amatabi asatu emanyiddwa nga [[Presidential system|enkola ya pulezidenti]], okwawukana ku [[Parliamentary system|nkola ya palamenti]] ng’ekitongole ekifuzi ekitundu ku kakiiko k’amateeka. Amawanga mangi okwetoloola ensi yonna gaakwata ensonga eno eya Ssemateeka wa Amerika eya 1789 naddala mu Amerika [[Postcolonialism|ezaaliwo oluvannyuma lw’abafuzi b'amatwale]]. == Olukiiko lw’ababaka ba Palamenti == [[Olukiiko lwa Amerika]] olwa Congress lukiiko luliko enjuyi z'ababaka bbiri olwa [[Senate]] [[n'olukiiko lw'ababaka]]. Senate erina bammemba 100 nga mulumi abatuuze babiri okuva mu buli ssaza era nga balondebwa abalonzi b’essaza eryo okumala ekisanja kya myaka mukaaga. Olukiiko lw’ababaka ba Palamenti lulimu abakiise 435, nga balondebwa okumala ekisanja kya myaka ebiri okuva mu kitundu kya [[disitulikiti ya congress]] gye babeera. [[Olukiiko lw’ababaka ba palamenti olw’essaza lwe]] lusalawo ensalo za disitulikiti, ezikwatagana mu ssaza. Buli disitulikiti ya Amerika mu lukiiko lwa Congress erimu abantu abenkanankana era esindika omukiise omu mu lukiiko lwa Congress.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Senate and the House of Representatives: lesson overview (article) |url=https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-government-and-civics/us-gov-interactions-among-branches/us-gov-congress-the-senate-and-the-house-of-representatives/a/lesson-summary-the-senate-and-the-house-of-representatives |website=Khan Academy |language=en}}</ref> Emyaka gy’okulonda eri aba senate gikyusibwakyusibwa ne kiba nti kimu kya kusatu kyokka ku bo kye kijja okubeera mu kulondebwa buli luvannyuma lwa myaka ebiri. <ref>{{Cite web |title=US midterm election: What you need to know – DW – 11/07/2022 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/us-midterm-election-what-you-need-to-know/a-63656210 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216134445/https://www.dw.com/en/us-midterm-election-what-you-need-to-know/a-63656210 |archive-date=February 16, 2024 |access-date=February 16, 2024 |website=Deutsche Welle}}</ref> Ababaka ba Amerika bonna bagenda kulondebwa mu kiseera kye kimu buli luvannyuma lwa myaka ebiri. Olukiiko lwa Amerika lukola amateeka ga federo, lulangirira olutalo, luyisa endagaano, lulina obuyinza bw’ensawo,<ref>{{cite web |title=The Legislative Branch |url=https://usa.usembassy.de/government-legislative.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115122604/https://usa.usembassy.de/government-legislative.htm |archive-date=November 15, 2021 |access-date=August 20, 2012 |publisher=United States Diplomatic Mission to Germany}}</ref> era lulina obuyinza bw’okugoba omuntu mu ntebe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Process for impeachment |url=https://library.thinkquest.org/25673/process.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408102119/https://library.thinkquest.org/25673/process.htm |archive-date=April 8, 2013 |access-date=August 20, 2012 |publisher=ThinkQuest}}</ref> Ogumu ku mirimu gyayo egisinga obukulu egitali mu mateeka bwe buyinza okunoonyereza n’okulabirira ekitongole ekifuzi.<ref name="tws2010Sep11t11">{{Cite web |title=US midterm election: What you need to know – DW – 11/07/2022 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/us-midterm-election-what-you-need-to-know/a-63656210 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240216134445/https://www.dw.com/en/us-midterm-election-what-you-need-to-know/a-63656210 |archive-date=February 16, 2024 |access-date=February 16, 2024 |website=Deutsche Welle}}</ref> Okulondoola kwa Congress kutera okuweebwa obukiiko era kuyimirizibwawo obuyinza bwa Congress okufulumya ebiragiro.<ref name="tws2010Sep11t13">{{cite news|author=Ferraro|first=Thomas|date=April 25, 2007|title=House committee subpoenas Rice on Iraq|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN2518728220070425|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114214442/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN2518728220070425|archive-date=January 14, 2021|access-date=September 11, 2010|work=Reuters}}</ref> Emirimu mingi egya Congress gikolebwa okukuŋŋaanyizibwa kw’obukiiko, nga buli kalondebwa olw’ekigendererwa oba omulimu ogw’enjawulo. Obwammemba bw’akakiiko buba bwa nnono n’amateeka g'enkola ya bipartisan, naye obukiiko bwonna bukubirizibwa mmemba aw’ekibiina ekisingamu abantu abangi, y’ateekawo enteekateeka y’akakiiko.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rules – Committee on Standards of Official Conduct |url=http://ethics.house.gov/Media/PDF/110th%20Committee%20Rules.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100707024139/http://ethics.house.gov/Media/PDF/110th%20Committee%20Rules.pdf |archive-date=July 7, 2010 |access-date=August 23, 2010 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Akakiko kaalyo akakulu == Pulezidenti wa Amerika ye [[Head of state|mukulembeze w’eggwanga]], [[Commander-in-chief|omuduumizi]] w’okuntikko, era [[Head of government|akulira gavumenti eya federo]]. Pulezidenti alonda [[Cabinet of the United States|abakiise ba kabineti]], nga Senate ekkirizibwa, era n’atuuma amannya g’abakungu abalala abaddukanya n’okussa mu nkola amateeka n’enkola ya federo nga bayita mu [[List of federal agencies in the United States|bitongole byabwe]] . <ref>{{cite web |title=The Executive Branch |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/about-the-white-house/our-government/the-executive-branch/ |access-date=February 11, 2017 |website=The White House}}</ref> Pulezidenti alina obusobozi okukuba akalulu [[Bill (law)|ku biteeso by'amateeka]] okuva mu lukiiko lwa Amerika olwa Congress nga tegannafuuka mateeka. Wabula [[Veto power in the United States|obuyinza bwa pulezidenti obw’okukuba akalulu]] buyinza okusasulwa n’obululu [[Supermajority#Use in governments around the world|obw’ebitundu]] bibiri ku bisatu mu bibiina byombi ebya Congress. Pulezidenti era alina obuyinza bw'okusonyiwa emisango gya federo era [[Federal pardons in the United States|asobola okufulumya okusonyiwa]] . N'ekisembayo, pulezidenti alina obuyinza okufulumya " [[Executive orders|ebiragiro by'abakulira emirimu]] " ebigazi mu bitundu by'enkola ebiwerako, nga bigenda [[Judicial review in the United States|kwekenneenyezebwa abalamuzi]] . Abeesimbyewo ku bwa pulezidenti batera okunoonya akalulu [[Running mate|n’omumyuka]] wa pulezidenti gwe baba balonze, era bombi batera okulondebwa awamu, oba okuwangulwa awamu, mu kulonda kwa pulezidenti. Okwawukanako n’obululu obulala mu byobufuzi bya Amerika, kuno mu by’ekikugu [[Indirect election|kulonda okutali kwa butereevu]] nga muno omuwanguzi y’agenda okusalibwawo [[United States Electoral College|ekitongole ky’ebyokulonda mu Amerika]]. Eyo, obululu bukubwa mu butongole abalonzi ssekinnoomu abaalondebwa [[State legislature (United States)|olukiiko lw’ababaka ba gavumenti mu ssaza lyabwe]]. <ref>{{cite web |title=Interpretation: Article II, Section 1, Clauses 2 and 3 {{!}} Constitution Center |url=https://constitutioncenter.org/the-constitution/articles/article-ii/clauses/350 |website=National Constitution Center – constitutioncenter.org |language=en}}</ref> Kyokka mu nkola, buli limu ku masaza 50 lironda ekibinja ky’abalonzi ba pulezidenti abeetaagibwa mu mateeka g’amasaza okukakasa omuwanguzi w’akalulu k’abantu bonna mu ssaza lyabwe. Buli ssaza liweebwa abalonzi babiri nga kwogasse n’omulonzi omu omulala ku buli disitulikiti ya ttabamiruka mu ssaza lino, mu butuufu nga kino kigatta okwenkana omuwendo gw’abalonde essaza ly’esindika mu lukiiko lwa Congress. Disitulikiti y’e Columbia, etaliimu bakiise wadde ba senate, eweebwa obululu busatu obw’okulonda. Pulezidenti n’omumyuka wa pulezidenti bombi bakola ekisanja kya myaka ena, era pulezidenti ayinza okuddamu [[Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution|okulondebwa mu ofiisi omulundi gumu gwokka]], okumala ekisanja ekirala eky’emyaka ena.[ q ]. == Essiga eddamuzi == [[Federal judiciary of the United States|Essiga eddamuzi erya Amerika erya federo]], ng’abalamuzi baalyo bonna balondebwa pulezidenti obulamu bwabwe bwonna nga Senate ekiwagidde, okusinga kirimu [[Supreme Court of the United States|kkooti ensukkulumu mu Amerika]], [[United States courts of appeals|kkooti ezijulirwamu mu Amerika]], ne [[United States district court|kkooti za disitulikiti mu Amerika]]. Omutendera ogusinga wansi mu kitongole ekiramuzi ekya federo ye kkooti ya disitulikiti eya federo, esalawo emisango gyonna egitwalibwa okuba wansi wa" [[Original jurisdiction#Federal and state courts|obuyinza obw'olubereberye]]", gamba ng'amateeka ga federo, amateeka ga ssemateeka, oba [[International treaties|endagaano z'ensi yonna]]. Oluvannyuma lwa kkooti ya disitulikiti eya federo okusalawo omusango, ensala yaayo eyinza okuvuganyizibwa n’esindikibwa mu kkooti enkulu, kkooti ejulirwamu eya federo. Enkola y’ekiramuzi mu Amerika ey’ebitundu 12 ebya federo byawula eggwanga lino mu bitundu 12 eby’enjawulo ebifuga eby’ettaka okusalawo ku kujulira. Kkooti eddako era esinga obukulu mu nkola eno ye Kkooti Ensukkulumu mu Amerika. <ref name="FedJud">{{cite news|title=Beyond politics: Why Supreme Court justices are appointed for life|first=Roger|last=Cossack|url=https://archives.cnn.com/2000/LAW/07/columns/cossack.scotus.07.12/|work=CNN|date=July 13, 2000|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712085825/https://archives.cnn.com/2000/LAW/07/columns/cossack.scotus.07.12|archive-date=July 12, 2012}}</ref> Kkooti eno evvuunula amateeka n'ekyusa [[Judicial review in the United States|amateeka g'esanga nga tegakwatagana na ssemateeka]].<ref name="FedJud" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Supreme Court Procedure |url=https://www.scotusblog.com/supreme-court-procedure/ |access-date=October 20, 2024 |website=SCOTUSblog |language=en-US}}</ref>. Kkooti Eno efuna okusaba nga 7,000 okwa [[writs of certiorari]] [[Chief Justice of the United States|buli]] mwaka, naye n’ekkiriza nga 80 zokka. Wadde erina ba mmemba 9 nga bakulirwa Ssabalamuzi wa America,kkooti eno ekola ensala yaayo nga esinziira ku muwendo omunene kye gusazeew. Mu musango gw’okuggyamu omuntu obwesige omusango gw’okugoba pulezidenti mu lukiiko lwa Senate, ssabalamuzi y’akubiriza. Nga bwe kiri ku balamuzi abalala bonna aba federo, abakiise balondebwa pulezidenti ali mu ntebe obulamu bwabwe bwonna nga Senate ekkirizza ng’ekifo kifuuse ekikalu.<ref>{{cite news|title=Beyond politics: Why Supreme Court justices are appointed for life|first=Roger|last=Cossack|url=https://archives.cnn.com/2000/LAW/07/columns/cossack.scotus.07.12/|work=CNN|date=July 13, 2000|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712085825/https://archives.cnn.com/2000/LAW/07/columns/cossack.scotus.07.12|archive-date=July 12, 2012}}</ref> == Ebitundu byayo ebitonotono == Mu [[Federalism in the United States|nkola ya Amerika eya federo]], obuyinza obw’obwannannyini bugabanyizibwa wakati w’emitendera esatu egya gavumenti egyalambikibwa mu Ssemateeka: gavumenti eya federo, amasaza, n’ebika by’Abayindi. Amerika era ekakasa obwannannyini ku bitundu bitaano ebibeeramu abantu bannansangwa: [[American Samoa]], [[Guam]], [[Northern Mariana Islands]], [[Puerto Rico]], ne [[United States Virgin Islands|US Virgin Islands]].<ref name="HRI-20122">{{multiref2|{{Cite web |publisher=U.S. State Department |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/179780.htm |title=Common Core Document to U.N. Committee on Human Rights |date=December 30, 2011 |at=Item 22, 27, 80 |access-date=April 6, 2016}}|{{Cite web |publisher=U.S. General Accounting Office Report |url=https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf |title=U.S. Insular Areas: application of the U.S. Constitution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103093032/https://www.gao.gov/archive/1998/og98005.pdf |archive-date=November 3, 2013 |date=November 1997 |pages=1, 6, 39n |access-date=April 6, 2016}} }}</ref> Abatuuze b’amasaza 50 bafugibwa gavumenti y’amasaza gye balonda, wansi wa [[State constitutions in the United States|ssemateeka w’amasaza akwatagana ne ssemateeka w’eggwanga]], ne [[Local government in the United States|gavumenti z’ebitundu]] ezirondebwa nga zino ze bitundu ebifuga eby’essaza. <ref>{{cite web |last1=Levy |first1=Robert A. |date=October 2011 |title=Rights, Powers, Dual Sovereignty, and Federalism |url=https://www.cato.org/policy-report/september/october-2011/rights-powers-dual-sovereignty-federalism# |access-date=January 13, 2024 |website=Cato Institute}}</ref> Amasaza gagabanyizibwamu amagombolola oba ageefaananyiriza amagombolola, nga (okuggyako mu Hawaii) gasobola okukkiriza okutondebwawo kwa munisipaali ezeetongodde eziddukanyizibwa abalonde baago. Disitulikiti ya Columbia, [[Federal district of the United States|disitulikiti ya federo]] erimu ekibuga ekikulu ekya Amerika, [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] <ref>{{usc|8|1101}}(a)(36) and {{usc|8|1101}}(a)(38) U.S. Federal Code, Immigration and Nationality Act.</ref> Disitulikiti ya federo kitundu kya gavumenti eya federo ekifuga. == Ebibiina byayo eby’obufuzi == Ssemateeka asirise ku bibiina by’obufuzi. Wabula baakulaakulana nga beetongodde mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’omunaana n’ebibiina bya Federo n’ebya [[Anti-Federalist]] . Okuva olwo, Amerika yakola nga enkola ya ''de facto'' [[Ey’ebibiina ebibiri|ey’ebibiina]] [[Ey’ebibiina ebibiri|ebibiri]], wadde ng’ebibiina byakyuka okumala ekiseera.<ref name="Blake-2021">{{cite news|last1=Blake|first1=Aaron|date=November 25, 2021|title=Why are there only two parties in American politics?|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/04/27/why-are-there-only-two-parties-in-american-politics/|access-date=May 4, 2024|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> Okuva mu makkati g’ekyasa eky’ekkumi n’omwenda, ebibiina by’eggwanga ebibiri ebikulu bibadde [[Democratic Party]] ne [[Republican Party]]. Bannasayansi w’ebyobufuzi n’okunoonyereza ku byobufuzi okugeraageranya bassa ekibiina kya Democratic Party eky’omulembe guno ng’ekibiina eky’eddembe ng’omusingi gwakyo ogw’ebyobufuzi guyimiridde okumpi n’amasekkati g’endowooza z’ebyobufuzi eby'enjuyi zombi,<ref>{{Harvnb|Martone|Piccio|2023|p=167}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite news|last=Chinoy|first=Sahil|date=2019-06-26|title=What Happened to America's Political Center of Gravity?|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/06/26/opinion/sunday/republican-platform-far-right.html,%20https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/06/26/opinion/sunday/republican-platform-far-right.html|access-date=2026-04-26|work=[[The New York Times]]|quote=The Republican Party leans much further right than most traditional conservative parties in Western Europe and Canada, according to an analysis of their election manifestos. It is more extreme than Britain's Independence Party and France's National Rally (formerly the National Front), which some consider far-right populist parties. The Democratic Party, in contrast, is positioned closer to mainstream liberal parties.}}</ref> n’ekibiina kya Republican Party eky’omulembe guno ng’ekibiina eky’oku ddyo ekiwagira abantu n’eggwanga ng’ekibiina kyakyo eky’ebyobufuzi kiri ku ddyo okudda ku ddyo ennyo.<ref name=":42">{{Cite web |date=March 17, 2026 |title=DEMOCRACY REPORT 2026: Unraveling The Democratic Era? |url=https://v-dem.net/documents/75/V-Dem_Institute_Democracy_Report_2026_lowres.pdf |access-date=March 22, 2026 |website=[[V-Dem Institute]] |quote=One notable shift is the transformation of the Republican Party to endorsing a far-right, nationalist, and anti-pluralist agenda. Nationalist, anti-liberal, far-right parties and leaders have largely driven the “third wave of autocratization.” Yet the USA stands out as the only case where such movement seized control over one party in a rigid two-party system.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=An International Far-Right Alliance? A Comparative Analysis of the Linkages Between the Republican Party and European Far-Right Parties |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4739346 |access-date=April 26, 2026 |ssrn=4739346 |quote=Norris's findings conveyed that the Republican Party is as far-right ideologically as many prominent European far-right parties. The Republican Party was measured to be more conservative in comparison to various mainstream European parties. More specifically, the Republican Party was valued to be as economically conservative as the Swiss People's Party and as socially conservative as the German Alternative for Germany (AfD).}}</ref><ref name=":7" /> == Enkolagana n’amawanga amalala == Amerika erina ensengeka eteereddwawo ey’enkolagana n’amawanga amalala, ng’ekwata [[ekifo ekyokubiri mu nsi yonna mu bunene bw’abakungu]] we bwatuukira mu 2024. Eggwanga lino kkiise mu [[ery'enkalakkalira mu lukiiko lw'amawanga amagatte olw'ebyokwerinda]]<ref>{{cite web |date=June 28, 2022 |title=Where is the G7 Headed? |url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/where-g7-headed |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718145403/https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/where-g7-headed |archive-date=July 18, 2022 |access-date=July 15, 2022 |work=[[Council on Foreign Relations]] |location=New York City}}</ref> era nga mwe muli [[ekitebe ky'ekibiina ky'Amawanga Amagatte]]. Amerika mmemba w'ebibiina bya gavumenti ebya [[G7]],<ref>{{cite web |date=June 28, 2022 |title=Where is the G7 Headed? |url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/where-g7-headed |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718145403/https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/where-g7-headed |archive-date=July 18, 2022 |access-date=July 15, 2022 |work=[[Council on Foreign Relations]] |location=New York City}}</ref> [[G20]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 6, 2022 |title=The United States and G20: Building a More Peaceful, Stable, and Prosperous World Together |url=https://www.state.gov/the-united-states-and-g20-building-a-more-peaceful-stable-and-prosperous-world-together/ |access-date=July 15, 2022 |website=[[United States Department of State]]}}</ref> ne [[OECD]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our global reach |url=https://www.oecd.org/about/members-and-partners/ |access-date=July 15, 2022 |website=[[OECD]]}}</ref> [[Kumpi amawanga gonna galina ebitebe byago]] era mangi galina ba consulates (abakungu abakiikira) mu ggwanga lino. Mu ngeri y’emu, kumpi amawanga gonna gakyaza [[emisomo emitongole egy’ababaka]] ne Amerika, okuggyako [[Iran]],<ref>{{cite report|last1=Fialho|first1=Livia Pontes|last2=Wallin|first2=Matthew|title=Reaching for an Audience: U.S. Public Diplomacy Towards Iran|date=August 1, 2013|publisher=American Security Project|jstor=resrep06070}}</ref> [[North Korea]],<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-42351336|title=Which are the countries still talking to North Korea?|newspaper=[[BBC News]]|location=London|date=December 19, 2017|access-date=July 15, 2022|last1=Oliver|first1=Alex|last2=Graham|first2=Euan}}</ref> ne [[Bhutan]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://thediplomat.com/2014/12/the-case-for-a-stronger-bhutanese-american-relationship/|title=The Case for Stronger Bhutanese-American Ties|newspaper=[[The Diplomat (magazine)|The Diplomat]]|date=December 22, 2014|last=Ferraro|first=Matthew F.|access-date=July 15, 2022}}</ref> Wadde [[Taiwan]] terina nkolagana ntongole ya bubaka ne Amerika, ekuuma enkolagana ey’oku lusegere etali ntongole.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 28, 2022 |title=US will continue to strengthen 'unofficial ties' with Taiwan, says Harris |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3194126/us-will-continue-strengthen-unofficial-ties-taiwan-vice |access-date=September 28, 2022 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}</ref> Amerika bulijjo [[egabira Taiwan ebikozesebwa mu magye]] okuziyiza obulumbaganyi bwa China obuyinza okubaawo.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/09/22/915818283/formal-ties-with-u-s-not-for-now-says-taiwan-foreign-minister|title=Formal Ties With U.S.? Not For Now, Says Taiwan Foreign Minister|publisher=[[NPR]]|date=September 22, 2020|last=Ruwitch|first=John|access-date=July 15, 2022}}</ref> Okufaayo kw'eggwanga lino mu by'obufuzi kweyongedde okudda ku Indo-Pacific, Amerika gye yeegatta ku Quadrilateral Security Dialogue ne [[AUKUS]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saaliq |first=Sheikh |date=2026-05-26 |title=Quad ministers announce new Indo-Pacific initiatives on maritime security and energy |url=https://apnews.com/article/india-quad-rubio-1c7426e104b7663ed01a727f943c9715 |access-date=2026-05-26 |website=[[Associated Press]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Li |first=Wentong |date=2025-12-05 |title=AUKUS and the Reconfiguration of Indo-Pacific Security: An Analysis of the Trilateral Security Partnership |url=https://www.thediplomaticaffairs.com/2025/12/05/aukus-and-the-reconfiguration-of-indo-pacific-security-an-analysis-of-the-trilateral-security-partnership/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=thediplomaticaffairs.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Amerika erina "Enkolagana ey'enjawulo " [[ne Bungereza]] n'enkolagana ey'amaanyi ne [[Canada]], <ref>{{cite web |author1=Ek, Carl |last2=Fergusson |first2=Ian F. |name-list-style=amp |date=September 3, 2010 |title=Canada–U.S. Relations |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/96-397.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113064224/https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/96-397.pdf |archive-date=January 13, 2020 |access-date=August 28, 2011 |publisher=Congressional Research Service}}</ref> [[Australia (ssemazinga)|Australia]], [[New Zealand]], <ref>{{cite web |author=Vaughn, Bruce |date=May 27, 2011 |title=New Zealand: Background and Bilateral Relations with the United States |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL32876.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122111903/https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL32876.pdf |archive-date=January 22, 2021 |access-date=August 28, 2011 |publisher=Congressional Research Service}}</ref> [[Philippines]], <ref>{{cite web |author=Lum, Thomas |date=January 3, 2011 |title=The Republic of the Philippines and U.S. Interests |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33233.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813201651/https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33233.pdf |archive-date=August 13, 2021 |access-date=August 3, 2011 |publisher=Congressional Research Service}}</ref> [[Japan]], [ <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chanlett-Avery, Emma |display-authors=etal |date=June 8, 2011 |title=Japan-U.S. Relations: Issues for Congress |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33436.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113063914/https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33436.pdf |archive-date=January 13, 2020 |access-date=August 28, 2011 |publisher=Congressional Research Service}}</ref> [[South Korea]], <ref>{{cite web |last1=Manyin |first1=Mark E. |last2=Chanlett-Avery |first2=Emma |last3=Nikitin |first3=Mary Beth |date=July 8, 2011 |title=U.S.–South Korea Relations: Issues for Congress |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41481.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113064241/https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41481.pdf |archive-date=January 13, 2020 |access-date=August 28, 2011 |publisher=Congressional Research Service}}</ref> Israel, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zanotti, Jim |date=July 31, 2014 |title=Israel: Background and U.S. Relations |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL33476.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190305033453/https://fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL33476.pdf |archive-date=March 5, 2019 |access-date=September 12, 2014 |publisher=Congressional Research Service}}</ref> n'amawanga agawerako ag'omukago gwa Bulaaya nga [[Bufalansa]], [[Yitale]], [[Girimane|Girimaani]], [[Spain]], ne [[Poland–United States relations|Poland]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 20, 2021 |title=U.S. Relations With Poland |url=https://www.state.gov/u-s-relations-with-poland/ |access-date=June 19, 2023 |website=State.gov}}</ref> Amerika ekolagana nnyo n'emikwano gyayo egya [[NATO]] ku nsonga z'amagye n'ebyokwerinda by'eggwanga, era n'amawanga agali mu Amerika ng'eyita mu kibiina ky'amawanga ga Amerika n'endagaano ya Amerika–Mexico–Canada Free Trade Agreement . Amerika ekozesa obuyinza obujjuvu mu by'okwerinda mu nsi yonna n'obuvunaanyizibwa ku [[Micronesia]], [[ebizinga bya Marshall]] ne [[Palau]] ng'eyita mu ndagaano ya Compact of Free Association.<ref name="FedJud2">{{cite news|title=Beyond politics: Why Supreme Court justices are appointed for life|first=Roger|last=Cossack|url=https://archives.cnn.com/2000/LAW/07/columns/cossack.scotus.07.12/|work=CNN|date=July 13, 2000|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712085825/https://archives.cnn.com/2000/LAW/07/columns/cossack.scotus.07.12|archive-date=July 12, 2012}}</ref> Eyongedde okukola enkolagana ey’ekigendererwa ne [[Buyindi]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=INDO- PACIFIC STRATEGY OF THE UNITED STATES |url=https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/U.S.-Indo-Pacific-Strategy.pdf |access-date=February 3, 2022 |publisher=White House}}</ref> ate ng’enkolagana yaayo ne China yeeyongera okukendeera.<ref>{{cite report|last=Meidan|first=Michal|title=US-China: The Great Decoupling|date=July 1, 2019|publisher=[[Oxford Institute for Energy Studies]]|jstor=resrep33982}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bala |first=Sumathi |date=March 28, 2023 |title=U.S.-China relations are going downhill with 'no trust' on either side, Stephen Roach says |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/03/28/us-china-ties-on-dangerous-path-with-no-trust-on-both-sides-roach-cohen.html |access-date=May 7, 2023 |publisher=CNBC |language=en}}</ref> Okutandika ne 2014, Amerika yali efuuse omukwano omukulu ogwa Ukraine. <ref>{{cite news|last1=Rumer|first1=Eugene|last2=Sokolsky|first2=Richard|url=https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2019/06/thirty-years-of-us-policy-toward-russia-can-the-vicious-circle-be-broken?lang=en|title=Thirty Years of U.S. Policy Toward Russia: Can the Vicious Circle Be Broken?|newspaper=[[Carnegie Endowment for International Peace]]|location=Washington, D.C.|date=June 20, 2019|access-date=July 14, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Macias |first=Amanda |date=June 17, 2022 |title=Here's a look at the $5.6 billion in firepower the U.S. has committed to Ukraine in its fight against Russia |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/06/17/russia-ukraine-war-summary-of-weapons-us-has-given-to-ukraine.html |access-date=September 28, 2022 |publisher=CNBC |language=en}}</ref> == Amaje gaayo == Pulezidenti ye [[Commander-in-Chief of the United States|muduumizi w’amagye ow'okuntikko]] mu Amerika era yaalonda abakulembeze baago, [[United States Secretary of Defense|omuwandiisi w’ebyokwerinda]] n’abakulira bann[[Joint Chiefs of Staff|amagye]] . [[United States Department of Defense|Ekitongole ky’ebyokwerinda]], ekitebe kyayo kiri ku [[The Pentagon|Pentagon]] okumpi ne Washington, DC, nga kino kiddukanya amatabi ataano ku mukaaga ag’obuweereza, nga gano galimu [[United States Army|eggye lya Amerika]], [[United States Marine Corps|Marine Corps]], [[United States Navy|Navy]], [[United States Air Force|Air Force]], ne [[United States Space Force|Space Force]] . <ref>{{cite web |title=Our Forces |url=https://www.war.gov/about/our-forces |access-date=July 12, 2024 |publisher=[[United States Department of Defense]]}}</ref> [[United States Coast Guard|Abakuumi b’oku nnyanja]] baddukanyizibwa [[United States Department of Homeland Security|ekitongole ky’ebyokwerinda mu ggwanga]] mu biseera by’emirembe era nga basobola okukyusibwa ne batwalibwa mu [[United States Department of the Navy|kitongole ky’amagye g’oku mazzi]] mu biseera by’olutalo.<ref>{{cite web |last=Lindsay |first=James M. |date=August 4, 2021 |title=Happy 231st Birthday to the United States Coast Guard! |url=https://www.cfr.org/blog/happy-231st-birthday-united-states-coast-guard |access-date=July 16, 2022 |publisher=[[Council on Foreign Relations]] |quote=During peacetime it is part of the Department of Homeland Security. During wartime, or when the president or Congress so direct, it becomes part of the Department of Defense and is included in the Department of the Navy. |location=New York City}}</ref> Amagye gonna awamu gali nga akakadde 1.3 nga bano be bakola obutereevu okwo n'oteekako ne 400,000 ab'okwekuumisa. Amagye ga Amerika wangi gatwalibwa ng’amagye agasinga amaanyi era ag’omulembe mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite news|date=January 27, 2012|title=United States country profile|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-16761057|access-date=July 6, 2025|work=BBC News|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last1=Ryan|first1=Missy|last2=Jeong|first2=Andrew|last3=Masih|first3=Niha|last4=Sands|first4=Leo|last5=Somasundaram|first5=Praveena|last6=Wu|first6=Daniel|last7=Haspel|first7=Tamar|last8=Dougherty|first8=Jesse|last9=Nusbaum|first9=Spencer|date=April 1, 2021|title=The U.S. system created the world's most advanced military. Can it maintain an edge?|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/china-us-military-technology/2021/03/31/acc2d9f4-866c-11eb-8a67-f314e5fcf88d_story.html|access-date=July 6, 2025|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> Amerika yasaasaanya obuwumbi bwa ddoola 954 ku magye gaayo mu 2025, guno muwendo ogusinga obunji mu nsi yonna, nga zikola ebitundu 33% ku nsaasaanya y’amagye mu nsi yonna era nga zikola ebitundu 3.1% ku nnyingiza y’eggwanga lino.'''''<ref name="SIPRI-20202">{{Cite web |date=April 2026 |title=Trends in Military Expenditure 2025 |url=https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/2026-04/2604_milex_2025.pdf#page=2 |access-date=26 April 2026 |publisher=[[Stockholm International Peace Research Institute]]}}</ref>''''' Amerika erina ebitundu 42% ku by’okulwanyisa bya nukiriya mu nsi yonna nga ekwata ekifo ekyokubiri oluvannyuma lw’eya Russia.<ref name="Stockholm International Peace Research Institute-20242">{{Cite web |date=June 17, 2024 |title=Role of nuclear weapons grows as geopolitical relations deteriorate—new SIPRI Yearbook out now {{!}} SIPRI |url=https://www.sipri.org/media/press-release/2024/role-nuclear-weapons-grows-geopolitical-relations-deteriorate-new-sipri-yearbook-out-now |access-date=June 18, 2024 |website=Stockholm International Peace Research Institute |language=en}}</ref> Amerika erina amagye agakwata ekifo eky'okusatu mu bunene, nga eddirira amagye ga [[People's Liberation Army|China People's Liberation Army]] [[Indian Armed Forces|n'amagye ga Buyindi]]. Ng’oggyeeko omukutu omunene ogw’enkambi z’amagye ku ttaka lyayo, Amerika ekuuma ebifo ebirala nga 800 okwetoloola ensi yonna,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harris |first=Johnny |date=May 18, 2015 |title=Why does the US have 800 military bases around the world? |url=https://www.vox.com/2015/5/18/8600659/military-bases-united-states |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924114313/https://www.vox.com/2015/5/18/8600659/military-bases-united-states |archive-date=September 24, 2020 |access-date=September 23, 2020 |website=Vox}}</ref> era eteeka abakozi abasukka mu 100 abakola emirimu mu buli emu ku nsi 25 ez’ebweru.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 31, 2010 |title=Active Duty Military Personnel Strengths by Regional Area and by Country (309A) |url=https://siadapp.dmdc.osd.mil/personnel/MILITARY/history/hst1003.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724211511/https://siadapp.dmdc.osd.mil/personnel/MILITARY/history/hst1003.pdf |archive-date=July 24, 2013 |access-date=October 7, 2010 |publisher=Department of Defense}}</ref> Amerika yeenyigira mu bikolwa by’amagye ebisukka mu 400 okuva lwe yatandikibwawo mu 1776, nga ebitundu ebisukka mu kitundu ku bino byaliwo wakati wa 1950 ne 2019 ate 25% byaliwo mu mulembe ogw’oluvannyuma lw’olutalo olw’endowooza. [[Amagye g’amasaza|Amagye g’amasaa]] oba [[State defense forces]] (SDFs) bibinja by’amagye ebikola wansi w’obuyinza bwa gavumenti y’essaza yokka. SDFs zikkirizibwa mu mateeka g'amasaza ne federo naye nga ziduumirwa [[gavana w'essaza]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 17, 2024 |title=StateDefenseForce.com |url=https://statedefenseforce.com/ |website=StateDefenseForce.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=State Guard Association of the United States – Supporting the State Defense Forces of the United States |url=https://sgaus.org/ |website=sgaus.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=32 U.S. Code § 109 - Maintenance of other troops |url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/32/109 |website=LII / Legal Information Institute}}</ref> Okwawukana ku ekyo, ebibiina 54 [[eby’abakuumi b’eggwanga lya Amerika|ey’abakuumi b’eggwanga lya Amerika]] [ r ] bigwa wansi w’obuyinza obubiri obwa gavumenti z’amasaza oba ez’ebitundu ne gavumenti eya federo ; ebibinja byabwe nabyo zisobola okufuuka ebitongole ebya federo, naye SDF teziyinza kufuuka za federo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Guard: FAQ |url=https://www.nationalguard.mil/About-the-Guard/Army-National-Guard/FAQ/ |access-date=August 23, 2025 |publisher=[[United States National Guard]] |archive-date=September 9, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250909195612/https://www.nationalguard.mil/About-the-Guard/Army-National-Guard/FAQ/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Abakozi mu by'okwerinda ab'eggwanga oba ab'essaza oba ekitundu basobola okufuuka aba federo nga kino kikolebwa pulezidenti wansi w'ennongoosereza mu [[tteeka ly'ebyokwerinda mu ggwanga erya 1933]] ; etteeka lino lyatonda ekitongole ky’ebyokwerinda era ligatta ebibinja by’abakuumi b’eggwanga n’abakuumi b’omu bbanga n’abakozi mu magye ga Amerika ne (okuva mu 1947) eggye ly’omu bbanga erya Amerika.<ref>{{Cite web |year=2013 |title=Legal Basis of the National Guard |url=http://www.arng.army.mil/aboutus/history/Pages/ConstitutionalCharteroftheGuard.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521130934/http://www.arng.army.mil/aboutus/history/Pages/ConstitutionalCharteroftheGuard.aspx |archive-date=May 21, 2013 |access-date=May 17, 2013 |publisher=Army National Guard}}</ref> Omuwendo gwonna ogwa bammemba ba National Guard guli nga 430,000, ate nga amaanyi ga SDFs agabalirirwamu omugatte oguli wansi w'omu 10,000. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=2023 Demographics Profile of the Military Community |url=https://download.militaryonesource.mil/12038/MOS/Reports/2023-demographics-report.pdf |access-date=May 18, 2026 |website=Military OneSource}}</ref> == Okukwasisa amateeka n’okunoonya obwenkanya ku misango == Mu Amerika mulimu ebitongole bya poliisi mu nga 18,000 okuva ku mutendera gw’ekitundu okutuuka ku mutendera gw’eggwanga lyonna. Amateeka mu Amerika gasinga kussibwa mu nkola ebitongole bya poliisi eby’omu kitundu n’ebitongole bya [[sheriff]] mu bitundu byabwe ebya munisipaali oba mu masaza. Ebitongole bya [[poliisi mu ssaza]] birina obuyinza mu ssaza lyabyo, era ebitongole bya federo nga [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) ne [[US Marshals Service]] birina obuyinza bw’eggwanga n’emirimu egy’enjawulo, gamba ng’okukuuma [[eddembe ly’obuntu]], ebyokwerinda by’eggwanga, okussa mu nkola ensala za [[kkooti za Amerika eza federo]] n’amateeka ga federo, n’emirimu gy’obumenyi bw’amateeka wakati w’amasaza. <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Federal Law Enforcement Agencies, Who Governs & What They Do |url=https://www.chiff.com/police/federal-police-agencies.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140210040432/https://www.chiff.com/police/federal-police-agencies.htm |archive-date=February 10, 2014 |access-date=November 10, 2021 |publisher=Chiff.com}}</ref> [[Kkooti z’amasaza]] zikola kumpi emisango gyonna egy'abantu baabulijjo n'abamenyi b'amateeka, ate kkooti za federo zisala emisango emitono ennyo egy'abantu baabulijjo n'abamenyi b'amateeka egyekuusa ku mateeka ga federo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 7, 2014 |title=Introduction To The Federal Court System |url=https://www.justice.gov/usao/justice-101/federal-courts |access-date=July 14, 2022 |website=[[United States Attorney]] |publisher=[[United States Department of Justice]]}}</ref> Mu Amerika mulimu ebitongole bya poliisi mu nga 18,000 okuva ku mutendera gw’ekitundu okutuuka ku mutendera gw’eggwanga lyonna. Amateeka mu Amerika gasinga kussibwa mu nkola ebitongole bya poliisi eby’omu kitundu n’ebitongole [[Sheriffs in the United States|bya sheriff]] mu bitundu byabwe ebya munisipaali oba mu masaza. Ebitongole bya [[State police (United States)|poliisi mu ssaza]] [[Police power (United States constitutional law)|birina obuyinza mu ssaza lyabyo]], era [[Federal law enforcement in the United States|ebitongole bya federo]] nga [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) ne [[United States Marshals Service|US Marshals Service]] birina obuyinza bw’eggwanga n’emirimu egy’enjawulo, gamba ng’okukuuma [[Civil rights|eddembe ly’obuntu]], [[National security of the United States|ebyokwerinda by’eggwanga]], okussa mu nkola ensala za [[U.S. federal courts|kkooti za Amerika eza federo]] n’amateeka ga federo, n’emirimu gy’obumenyi bw’amateeka wakati w’amasaza. <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. Federal Law Enforcement Agencies, Who Governs & What They Do |url=https://www.chiff.com/police/federal-police-agencies.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140210040432/https://www.chiff.com/police/federal-police-agencies.htm |archive-date=February 10, 2014 |access-date=November 10, 2021 |publisher=Chiff.com}}</ref> [[State court (United States)|Kkooti z’amasaza]] zikola kumpi emisango gyonna egy'abantu baabulijjo n'abamenyi b'amateeka, ate kkooti za federo [[Subject-matter jurisdiction|zisala emisango emitono ennyo egy'abantu baabulijjo n'abamenyi b'amateeka egyekuusa ku mateeka ga federo]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 7, 2014 |title=Introduction To The Federal Court System |url=https://www.justice.gov/usao/justice-101/federal-courts |access-date=July 14, 2022 |website=[[United States Attorney]] |publisher=[[United States Department of Justice]]}}</ref> Wadde nga waliwo enkola ez’enjawulo ez’okusiba abantu, ebitongole bina ebikulu bye bifuga: amakomera ga federo, amakomera g’amasaza, amakomera g’omu kitundu, n’ebifo [[awagunjulirwa abaana abato]] . <ref name="National Academies Press-2014">{{Cite book |date=April 24, 2014 |title=The Growth of Incarceration in the United States: Exploring Causes and Consequences |url=http://www.nap.edu/catalog/18613 |publisher=National Academies Press |isbn=978-0-309-29801-8 |location=Washington, D.C. |bibcode=2014nap..book18613N |doi=10.17226/18613}}</ref> Amakomera ga federo gaddukanyizibwa ekitongole ky'amakomera ekiyitibwa [[Federal Bureau of Prisons]] era nga gakwata abasibe nga tebannawozesebwa wamu n’abantu abasingisiddwa emisango gya federo. <ref name="National Academies Press-2014" /> Amakomera g’amasaza, agaddukanyizibwa ekitongole ky’okutereeza abantu mu buli ssaza, gakwata abantu abasaliddwa ebibonerezo era n’okusibwa (ebiseera ebisinga okumala omwaka gumu) olw’emisango eminene. <ref name="National Academies Press-2014" /> Amakomera g’omu kitundu bye bifo by’amasaza oba munisipaali ebisiba abawawaabirwa nga tebannawozesebwa; era bakwata abo abamala ebibonerezo ebimpi (ebiseera ebisinga nga tebannaweza mwaka mulamba). <ref name="National Academies Press-2014" /> Ebifo ebitereeza abaana abato biddukanyizibwa gavumenti z’ebitundu oba ez’amasaza era bikola ng’ebifo eby’ekiseera ekiwanvu eri omwana yenna [[omuto asaliddwawo ng’abadde akola emisango]] era n’alagirwa omulamuzi okusibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Foundation |first=The Annie E. Casey |date=November 14, 2020 |title=Juvenile Detention Explained |url=https://www.aecf.org/blog/what-is-juvenile-detention |access-date=July 6, 2023 |website=The Annie E. Casey Foundation |language=en}}</ref> Mu Gwolubereberye 2023, Amerika ye yali ekwata ekifo eky’omukaaga mu nsi yonna mu kusiba abantu era nga erina bantu 531 ku buli bantu baamu 100,000 era nga ye yali esinga obunene mu makomera n’amakomera mu nsi yonna, ng’abantu abasoba mu bukadde 1.9 be basibibwa.<ref name="Sawyer-2025">{{Cite web |last=Sawyer |first=Wendy |last2=Wagner |first2=Peter |date=March 11, 2025 |title=Mass Incarceration: The Whole Pie 2025 |url=https://www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/pie2025.html |access-date=May 19, 2025 |website=Prison Policy Initiative |language=en}}</ref> <ref>[http://www.prisonstudies.org/country/united-states-america United States of America].</ref><ref name="WorldPrisonBrief">[https://web.archive.org/web/20231118142542/https://www.prisonstudies.org/highest-to-lowest/prison-population-total Highest to Lowest].</ref>[[World Health Organization|​]] [[Gun deaths in the United States|Okwekenneenya kwakolebwa ekitongole ky'ensi yonna ekikola ku By'obulamu]] nga kikozesa obubaka obukwata ku kufa okugeza okuva okuva mu 2010 kyalaga nti okuttingana mu maka kwali kwekubisizzaamu emirundi mukaaga okusinga ku kw'omumawanga agayingiza ennyonga kino kireetebwa okuttingana n'emmundu omuwendo kwagwo okwalinnya okutuuka mu muwendo gwa mirundi 25 okusingawo". Enkola y'amateeka mu ggwanga lino abamu ku bannassaayansi b'ebyobufuzi n'abakugu mu by'amateeka bagiteeka mu kibinja ky'abakoera wansi w'enkola ya "partial [[rule of law]] ", okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okw'emirundi ebiri okw'omu 2026 okwakolebwa [[Bright Line Watch]] ne [[London School of Economics]].<ref name=":53">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2026-05-01 |title=Political scientists studying democracy and autocracy think that US democracy has declined significantly |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2026/05/01/political-scientists-studying-democracy-and-autocracy-think-that-us-democracy-has-declined-significantly/ |access-date=2026-05-30 |website=[[London School of Economics]]}}</ref> == Ebyenfuna byayo == Amerika erina ebyenfuna ebyebika ebibiri ebikulaakulana ennyo,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Moffatt |first=Mike |date=January 27, 2020 |title=A Mixed Economy: The Role of the Market |url=https://www.thoughtco.com/overview-of-a-mixed-economy-1147547 |access-date=May 30, 2025 |website=ThoughtCo |language=en |quote="The US has a mixed economy because both private businesses and the government are important."}}</ref> ebibadde ebisinga obunene mu nsi yonna mu bwatiikirivu okuva nga 1890 . Ennyingiza yaayo mu 2024 [ e ] eyali esukka mu buwumbi bwa ddoola 29<ref>{{Cite web |title=United States Datasets |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/USA |access-date=February 10, 2025 |website=International Monetary Fund}}</ref> yakola ebitundu ebisukka mu 25% ku bifulumizibwa mu by’enfuna by’ensi yonna, oba 15% ku bungi bw’amaanyi g’okugula (PPP). Okuva mu 1983 okutuuka mu 2008, okukula kwa GDP okwa Amerika okwa ddala okwagattibwa buli mwaka kwali 3.3%, bw’ogeraageranya n’obuzito bwa 2.3% mu bitundu ebirala ebya [[G7]] . Eggwanga likwata ekifo ekisooka mu nsi yonna okusinziira ku kweyongera kw'ennyingiza<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 30, 2023 |title=Gross Domestic Product, Fourth Quarter and Year 2022 (Third Estimate), GDP by Industry, and Corporate Profits |url=https://www.bea.gov/news/2023/gross-domestic-product-fourth-quarter-and-year-2022-third-estimate-gdp-industry-and |website=U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis |publisher=[[United States Department of Commerce|U.S. Department of Commerce]]}}</ref> ekwata kyakubiri bwe kitereezebwa okusinziira ku miwendo gy’amaanyi g’okugula (PPP), ate mu kifo kya mwenda okusinziira ku nnyingiza ya ssekinnoomu. Mu Gwokubiri 2024, ebbanja lyonna erya gavumenti eya wakati wa Amerika lyali obuwumbi bwa ddoola 34.4.<ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Ku kkampuni 500 ezisinga obunene mu nsi yonna okusinziira ku nfuna yaazo, [[138 zaali n’ebibebe byazo mu Amerika]] mu 2025,<ref name="Fortune-2025">{{Cite web |title=Global 500 |url=https://fortune.com/ranking/global500/ |access-date=October 25, 2025 |website=[[Fortune Global 500]] |language=en}}</ref> omuwendo ogusinga obunene mu nsi yonna. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hyam |first=Benji |date=November 29, 2023 |title=Most Profitable Companies: U.S. vs. Rest of the World, 2023 |url=https://www.growandconvert.com/research/most-profitable-fortune-500-companies-in-2023/ |access-date=July 16, 2024 |website=www.growandconvert.com |language=en-US}}</ref> [[United States dollar|Ddoola ya Amerika]] ye ssente esinga okukozesebwa [[mu nkolagana y'ensi yonna]] era ye ssente esinga mu nsi yonna okuterekebwa, nga ekyo kiva ku maanyi g'ebyenfuna by'eggwanga, [[United States Armed Forces|amagye gaayo]], enkola ya [[petrodollar]], akatale kaayo akanene ak'eggwanika lya Amerika, ne [[Eurodollar]] yaayo ekwatagana. <ref name="federalreserve.gov">{{Cite web |title=The Implementation of Monetary Policy – The Federal Reserve in the International Sphere |url=http://www.federalreserve.gov/pf/pdf/pf_4.pdf |access-date=August 24, 2010}}</ref> Amawanga agawerako gagikozesa nga ssente zaago entongole, ate mu ndala ye [[De facto currency|ssente ''entuufu'']]. <ref name="Benjamin J. Cohen 2006, p. 17">Benjamin J. Cohen, ''The Future of Money'', Princeton University Press, 2006, {{ISBN|978-0-691-11666-2}}; ''cf''.</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 31, 2014 |title=US GDP Growth Rate by Year |url=http://www.multpl.com/us-gdp-growth-rate/table/by-year |access-date=June 18, 2014 |website=multpl.com |publisher=US Bureau of Economic Analysis}}</ref> Amerika erina endagaano z'ebyobusuubuzi eby'eddembe n'amawanga agawerako omuli ne USMCA . <ref>{{Cite web |title=United States free trade agreements |url=https://ustr.gov/trade-agreements/free-trade-agreements |access-date=May 31, 2019 |website=[[Office of the United States Trade Representative]]}}</ref> Newankubadde nga Amerika etuuse ku ddaala ery’enkulaakulana y’ebyenfuna oluvannyuma lw’okukulaakulanya amakolero,<ref name="Collins-2023">{{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Michael |date=August 11, 2023 |title=The Post-Industrial Service Economy Isn't Working for the Middle Class |url=https://www.industryweek.com/the-economy/data-and-statistics/article/21271497/the-post-industrial-service-economy-isnt-working |access-date=August 10, 2024 |website=[[IndustryWeek]] |language=en}}</ref> era etera okuyogerwako ng’erina ebyenfuna by’obuweereza,<ref name="Collins-2023" /><ref name="Econ">{{Cite web |title=USA Economy in Brief |url=https://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/economy-in-brief/page3.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080312123609/https://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/economy-in-brief/page3.html |archive-date=March 12, 2008 |publisher=U.S. Dept. of State, International Information Programs}}</ref> ekyali y'amaanyi mu by’amakolero<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 2010 |title=The State of Manufacturing in the United States |url=http://trade.gov/manufactureamerica/facts/tg_mana_003019.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130226011512/http://trade.gov/manufactureamerica/facts/tg_mana_003019.asp |archive-date=February 26, 2013 |access-date=March 10, 2013 |publisher=International Trade Administration}}</ref> nga mu 2024, ekitongole ky’amakolero mu Amerika kyali kyakubiri mu nsi yonna mu bunene mu kwongera muwendo ku bifuluma oluvannyuma lwa [[China]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manufacturing, Value Added (Current US$) |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NV.IND.MANF.CD?most_recent_value_desc=true |access-date=October 25, 2025 |publisher=[[World Bank]]}}</ref> [[Ekibuga New York]] kye [[kifo ekikulu eky'ebyensimbi]] mu nsi yonna,<ref /><ref name="NYCFintechAndFinancialCapitalWorld">{{Cite web |date=March 21, 2024 |title=The Global Financial Centres Index 35 |url=https://www.longfinance.net/publications/long-finance-reports/the-global-financial-centres-index-35/ |access-date=May 1, 2024 |publisher=Long Finance}}</ref> era ekitundu kyakyo ekinene kye [[List of cities by GDP|kisinga obunene mu by'enfuna]] mu nsi yonna.<ref name="NYCEpicenterUSMetroEconomy">{{Cite web |last=Ghosh |first=Iman |date=September 24, 2020 |title=This 3D map shows the U.S. cities with the highest economic output |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/09/united-states-america-economic-output-new-york-la/ |access-date=March 5, 2023 |publisher=World Economic Forum |quote=The New York metro area dwarfs all other cities for economic output by a large margin.}}</ref> [[New York Stock Exchange]] ne [[Nasdaq]], zombi ezisangibwa mu kibuga New York, ze [[List of stock exchanges|zisinga obunene]] mu nsi yonna okusinziira ku katale n'ebyensimbi [[n'obusuubuzi]].<ref /><ref name="sfc.hk">[http://www.sfc.hk/web/doc/EN/research/stat/a01.pdf Table A – Market Capitalization of the World's Top Stock Exchanges (As at end of June 2012)].</ref> Amerika eri ku mwanjo mu nkulaakulana ya tekinologiya n'obuyiiya mu bintu bingi eby'ebyenfuna naddala mu [[Artificial intelligence|by'obwakalimagezi]]; [[eby'amasannyalaze]] ne kompyuta; n'eddagala ly'ebyobujjanjabi; n’ebikozesebwa mu by’obujjanjabi, eby’omu bwengula [[Military equipment|n’eby’amagye]].<ref name="CIA-2018">{{Cite web |title=The World Factbook: United States |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-states/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107073924/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-states/ |archive-date=January 7, 2021 |access-date=November 10, 2018 |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> Ebyenfuna by'eggwanga bifukibwako amafuta olw'eby'obugagga eby'omu ttaka ebingi, [[Infrastructure policy of the United States|ebikozesebwa]] ebikulaakulanye obulungi, n'ebibala bingi.<ref name="Wright, Gavin 2007 p. 185">Wright, Gavin, and Jesse Czelusta, "Resource-Based Growth Past and Present", in ''Natural Resources: Neither Curse Nor Destiny'', ed.</ref> Abasinga okusuubulagana ne Amerika b'eboomu mukago [[gwa Bulaaya]], Mexico, Canada, China, Japan, South Korea, Bungereza, Vietnam, Buyindi, ne Taiwan.<ref /> Amerika ye nsi esinga okuyingiza ebintu mu nsi yonna era y'ekwata ekifo ekyokubiri mu kufulumya ebweru . [ s ] Ye nsi esinga okutunda obuweereza ebweru w'eggwanga mu nsi yonna.<ref /> Abamerika be basinga [[List of countries by average wage|okuyingiza ssente]] mu [[Household income|maka]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Income |url=http://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/topics/income/ |access-date=September 28, 2019 |website=Better Life Index |publisher=OECD |quote=In the United States, the average household net adjusted disposable income per capita is USD 45 284 a year, much higher than the OECD average of USD 33 604 and the highest figure in the OECD.}}</ref> n’abakozi mu mawanga agali mu mukago gwa OECD, era be basinga [[Median income|okuyingiza ssente mu maka era baali mu kifo]] kyakuna mu 2023, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Median Income by Country 2023 |url=https://wisevoter.com/country-rankings/median-income-by-country/ |access-date=July 28, 2023 |website=Wisevoter |language=en-US}}</ref> okuva mu kifo eky’omukaaga mu 2013.<ref name="Household Income">{{Cite journal |date=March 18, 2014 |title=Society at a Glance 2014 |url=http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issues-migration-health/society-at-a-glance-2014_soc_glance-2014-en |journal=Society at a Glance 2014: OECD Social Indicators |publisher=OECD Publishing |doi=10.1787/soc_glance-2014-en |isbn=978-92-64-20072-2 |access-date=May 29, 2014 |doi-access=free |archive-date=May 28, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528162558/http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issues-migration-health/society-at-a-glance-2014_soc_glance-2014-en |url-status=dead}}</ref> Nga [[Consumer spending|ensaasaanya y’ensimbi]] z’omuntu ku buwumbi bwa doola ezisukka mu buwumbi 18.5 mu 2023,<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 28, 2024 |title=Personal Consumption Expenditures |url=https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/PCECA |access-date=July 24, 2024 |website=fred.stlouisfed.org |language=en}}</ref> Amerika erina nnyo ssente [[Consumer economy|ezitambulira mu baguzi]] nga bano beebaaatambuza [[Consumer economy|ebyenfuna]] era nga ye [[List of largest consumer markets|katale akasinga obunene mu nsi yonna abakozesa]]. Amerika [[List of countries by number of billionaires|yasooka mu muwendo gwa ba buwumbi]] [[List of countries by number of millionaires|n’obukadde]] bwa ddoola mu 2023, nga balina obuwumbi 735 ne kumpi obukadde 22.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Napoletano |first=E. |date=October 20, 2023 |title=Here's How Many Billionaires And Millionaires Live In The U.S. – Forbes Advisor |url=https://www.forbes.com/advisor/retirement/how-many-billionaires-and-millionaires-live-in-the-u-s/#:~:text=As%20of%202023,%20there%20are,your%20own%20definition%20of%20wealth. |access-date=November 20, 2023 |website=Forbes}}</ref> [[Obugagga mu Amerika]] bungi nnyo; mu 2011, abantu abakulu 10% abaasinga obugagga baalina ebitundu 72% ku bugagga bw’amaka g’eggwanga, ate ebitundu 50% ebya wansi baalina ebitundu 2% byokka. Obutali bwenkanya mu by’obugagga mu Amerika bweyongera nnyo okuva ku nkomerero y’emyaka gya 1980, era obutafaanagana mu nfuna mu Amerika bwatuuka ku likodi mu 2019. <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2024, eggwanga lino lyalina ebimu ku bisinga obunene mu bugagga n’ennyingiza mu mawanga ga [[OECD]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 20, 2024 |title=Society at a glance 2024: OECD social indicators |url=https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/society-at-a-glance-2024_918d8db3-en/full-report/income-and-wealth-inequalities_7ac4178f.html |access-date=April 12, 2025 |website=OECD}}</ref> Okuva mu myaka gya 1970, wabaddewo okukutula kw’amagoba g’emisaala gya Amerika okuva ku kukola kw’abakozi.<ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Waaliwo abantu nga 771,480 abatalina mwasirizi mu Amerika mu 2024.<ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2022, abaana obukadde 6.4 baafuna obutaba na mmere emala. <ref name="ers.usda.gov">{{Cite web |title=USDA ERS – Key Statistics & Graphics |url=http://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/food-nutrition-assistance/food-security-in-the-us/key-statistics-graphics |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200119024909/https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/food-nutrition-assistance/food-security-in-the-us/key-statistics-graphics.aspx |archive-date=January 19, 2020 |access-date=December 4, 2019 |website=ers.usda.gov}}</ref> Ekitongole kya [[Feeding America]] kyabalirira nti abaana nga omu ku buli bataano, oba obukadde nga 13, bafuna enjala mu Amerika era tebamanyi wa oba ddi lwe banaafuna emmere yaabwe eddako. <ref name="FactsAbout">{{Cite web |title=Facts About Child Hunger in America {{!}} Feeding America |url=https://www.feedingamerica.org/hunger-in-america/child-hunger-facts |access-date=December 4, 2019 |website=feedingamerica.org}}</ref> Era mu mwaka gwa 2022, abantu nga obukadde 37.9, oba 11.5% ku bantu ba Amerika, baali babeera mu bwavu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=National Poverty in America Awareness Month: January 2023 |url=https://www.census.gov/newsroom/stories/poverty-awareness-month.html |website=Census.gov}}</ref> Amerika erina eggwanga ettono [[Welfare state|eririmu abantu abatali mu jmbeera nnungi]] era eddaamu okugabanya ensimbi entono okuyita mu bikolwa bya gavumenti okusinga [[World Bank high-income economy|amawanga amalala agasinga obungi agafuna ssente ennyingi]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joumard |first=Isabelle |last2=Pisu |first2=Mauro |last3=Bloch |first3=Debbie |year=2012 |title=Tackling income inequality The role of taxes and transfers |url=https://www.oecd.org/eco/public-finance/TacklingincomeinequalityTheroleoftaxesandtransfers.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513203915/https://www.oecd.org/eco/public-finance/TacklingincomeinequalityTheroleoftaxesandtransfers.pdf |archive-date=2014-05-13 |access-date=May 21, 2015 |publisher=OECD |url-status=live }}</ref> Lye gwanga lyokka elirina enkulaakulana eyaawaggulu era nga abakozi mu lyo ekyokubeera nga bausasulwa mu mpumula kyabulijjo, <ref>{{Cite news|date=The United States is the only advanced economy that does not federally mandate any paid vacation days or holidays.}}</ref>[[Parental leave in the United States|​]] wamu n'okuba erimu ku mawanga amatono agatalina ky'akusasula bantu bagenda mu kuwumulamu ko okuva ku mirimu ne famire zaabwe nga tteeka.<ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Amerika erina ebitundu by’abakozi [[Working class in the United States|abafuna]] ssente entono okusinga kumpi ensi endala zonna ezaakulaakulana, okusinga olw’enkola ennafu [[Collective bargaining|ey’okuteesa okw’omuggundu]] n’obutaba na buwagizi bwa gavumenti eri abakozi abali mu bulabe.<ref>{{cite news|last=Van Dam|first=Andrew|date=July 4, 2018|title=Is it great to be a worker in the U.S.? Not compared with the rest of the developed world.|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2018/07/04/is-it-great-to-be-a-worker-in-the-u-s-not-compared-to-the-rest-of-the-developed-world/?noredirect=on|access-date=July 12, 2018}}</ref> == Sayansi ne tekinologiya waayo == Amerika ebadde ekulembedde mu kuyiiya okwa tekinologiya okuva ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’ekkumi n’omwenda n’okunoonyereza kwa ssaayansi okuva mu makkati g’ekyasa eky’amakumi abiri.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mowery |first=David |title=Technological Change and the Evolution of the U.S. "National Innovation System", 1880-1990 |url=https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/en/articles/technological-change-and-the-evolution-of-the-u-s-national-innovation-system-1880-1990/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127224449/https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/en/articles/technological-change-and-the-evolution-of-the-u-s-national-innovation-system-1880-1990/ |archive-date=January 27, 2022 |access-date=July 10, 2024 |website=OpenMind |language=en-US}}</ref> Enkola z’okukola ebitundu ebikyusibwakyusibwa n’okutandikawo amakolero g’ebyuma ebikozesebwa mu byuma byasobozesa okukola ebintu mu Amerika mu bungi ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’ekkumi n’omwenda. Ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa eky'amakumi abiri, okussa amasannyalaze mu makolero, okuleetebwawo kwa layini y'okukuŋŋaanya, n'obukodyo obulala obw'okukekkereza abakozi byatonda enkola y'okufulumya ebintu mu bungi.<ref>{{Hounshell1984}}.</ref> Mu kyasa 21, Amerika ekyagenda mu maaso okuba emu ku mawanga agasinga mu nsi yonna mu bya ssaayansi, wadde nga China evuddeyo ng’evuganya ennyo mu bintu ebingi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. science no longer leads the world. Here's how top advisers say the nation should respond |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/u-s-science-no-longer-leads-world-here-s-how-top-advisers-say-nation-should-respond |access-date=February 10, 2025 |website=www.science.org |language=en}}</ref> Amerika y’esinga okusaasaanya ssente mu kunoonyereza n’enkulaakulana okusinga ensi yonna endala,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desjardins |first=Jeff |date=December 18, 2018 |title=Innovators wanted: these countries spend the most on R&D |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/12/how-much-countries-spend-on-r-d/ |access-date=May 22, 2024 |website=www.weforum.org}}</ref> era eri mu kifo kya mwenda okusinziira ku nnyingiza.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fleming |first=Sean |date=November 16, 2020 |title=These countries spend the most on research and development |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/11/countries-spending-research-development-gdp/ |access-date=May 22, 2024 |website=www.weforum.org}}</ref> Mu 2022, Amerika ye yali (oluvannyuma lwa China) ensi eyakwata ekifo ekyokubiri mu mpapula za ssaayansi ezifulumizibwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=SJR – International Science Ranking |url=https://www.scimagojr.com/countryrank.php?order=itp&ord=desc&year=2020 |access-date=February 5, 2022 |website=Scimagojr.com |language=en-uk}}</ref> Mu 2021, Amerika yakwata kyakubiri (nayo oluvannyuma lwa China) mu muwendo gw’okusaba patent, n’ekyokusatu mu kusaba kw’obubonero bw’obusuubuzi n’okukola dizayini yz’amakolero (oluvannyuma lwa China ne Germany), okusinziira ku [[World Intellectual Property Indicators]]. <ref>{{Cite book |last=World Intellectual Property Organization. |year=2021 |title=World Intellectual Property Indicators 2021 |url=https://www.wipo.int/publications/en/details.jsp?id=4571&plang=EN |publisher=World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) |isbn=978-92-805-3329-3 |series=World IP Indicators (WIPI) |language=en |doi=10.34667/tind.44461 |access-date=April 27, 2022}}</ref> Mu 2025 <ref>{{Cite web |title=GII Innovation Ecosystems & Data Explorer 2025 |url=https://www.wipo.int/gii-ranking/en/united-states-of-america |access-date=2025-10-16 |website=WIPO}}</ref> Amerika yakwata ekifo eky'okusatu (oluvannyuma lwa Switzerland ne Sweden) mu muwendo gw'obuyiiya mu nsi yonna . Amerika etwalibwa ng’ekulembedde mu nsi yonna mu kukulaakulanya tekinologiya wa [[Artificia Intelligence]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 21, 2024 |title=Global AI Power Rankings: Stanford HAI Tool Ranks 36 Countries in AI |url=https://hai.stanford.edu/news/global-ai-power-rankings-stanford-hai-tool-ranks-36-countries-ai |access-date=January 1, 2025 |website=hai.stanford.edu |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2023, Amerika yakwata ekifo ekyokubiri mu nsi yonna mu tekinologiya (oluvannyuma lwa South Korea) okuva mu magazini ya ''Global Finance'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Getzoff |first=Marc |date=December 1, 2023 |title=Most Technologically Advanced Countries In The World 2023 |url=https://gfmag.com/data/non-economic-data/most-advanced-countries-in-the-world/ |access-date=July 29, 2024 |website=Global Finance Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> == Okulambula kwayo mu bwengula == Amerika ekuumye enteekateeka y'obwengula okuva ku nkomerero y'emyaka gya 1950, okutandika n'okutandikawo ekitongole kya [[National Aeronautics and Space Administration]] (NASA) mu 1958.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 26, 2023 |title=65 Years Ago: The National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 Creates NASA – NASA |url=https://www.nasa.gov/history/65-years-ago-the-national-aeronautics-and-space-act-of-1958-creates-nasa/#:~:text=President%20Eisenhower%20signed%20the%20National,of%20the%20International%20Geophysical%20Year. |access-date=September 6, 2024 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 4, 2024 |title=National Aeronautics and Space Administration {{!}} US Space Agency & Exploration Achievements {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/NASA |access-date=September 5, 2024 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> Mu 1961, Amerika yafuuka ensi eyookubiri (oluvannyuma lwa USSR) [[okusindika obulungi omuntu mu bwengula]] . [[Enteekateeka ya NASA eya Apollo]] (1961 &#x2013; 1972) yatuuka ku [[kugwa ku Mwezi]] okwasooka nga kuliko abakozi n’omulimu gwa [[Apollo 11]] ogwa 1969; kikyali kimu ku bikulu mu kitongole kino. <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 29, 2024 |title=Apollo {{!}} History, Missions, Significance, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/Apollo-space-program |access-date=September 5, 2024 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 4, 2019 |title=The Apollo Missions |url=https://www.ibm.com/thought-leadership/the-apollo-missions/ |access-date=September 5, 2024 |website=The Apollo Missions |language=en-US}}</ref> ebirala ebyamaanyi ebyakolwa NASA mulimu pulogulaamu eyatuumibwa [[Space Shuttle program]] (1981–2011) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Space Shuttle – NASA |url=https://www.nasa.gov/space-shuttle/ |access-date=September 5, 2024 |language=en-US}}</ref>[[Space Shuttle program|​]][[Voyager program|​]] ne pulogulaamu ya [[Voyager program]] (1972&#x2013;leero), eya [[Hubble]] n'eya [[James Webb]] [[space telescopes]] [[Hubble Space Telescope|​]][[James Webb Space Telescope|​]]<nowiki/>nga zino 9zaatongozebwa mu 1990 ne 2011 nga bwe zeddiringana)[[Space telescope|​]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Quick Facts |url=https://hubblesite.org/quick-facts |access-date=September 5, 2024 |website=HubbleSite |language=en}}</ref> ne wabaayo n'eyakolebwa nga erimu emirimu mingi eya [[Mars Exploration Program]] (''[[Spirit]]'', ''[[Opportunity]]'', ''[[Curiosity]]'', and ''[[Perseverance]]'') <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 12, 2024 |title=Quick Facts |url=https://webbtelescope.org/quick-facts |access-date=September 5, 2024 |website=Webb |language=en}}</ref>[[Mars Exploration Program|​]]''[[Spirit (rover)|​]][[Opportunity (rover)|​]]'', <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 27, 2008 |title=Mars Exploration – NASA Science |url=https://science.nasa.gov/planetary-science/programs/mars-exploration/ |access-date=September 5, 2024 |website=science.nasa.gov |language=en-US}}</ref> NASA kye kimu ku bitongole bitaano ebikolaganira ku kitongole ekigatta abakolera okunoonyereza mu bwebungula ekya [[International Space Station]] (ISS); <ref>{{Cite web |title=International Space Station Facts and Figures – NASA |url=https://www.nasa.gov/international-space-station/space-station-facts-and-figures/ |access-date=September 5, 2024 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ebikozesebwa Amerika byekola mu kitongole kino mulimu emirimu egiwera nga, ''[[Destiny]]'' (2001), ''[[Harmony]]'' (2007), ne ''[[Tranquility]]'' (2010), wamu n’obuyambi obugenda mu maaso mu nteekateeka n’emirimu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Howell |first=Elizabeth |date=August 24, 2022 |title=International Space Station: Facts, History & Tracking |url=https://www.space.com/16748-international-space-station.html |access-date=September 5, 2024 |website=Space.com |language=en |edition=updated, last}}</ref> Ebitongole by'obwannannyini mu Amerika bye bifuga ekisaawe ky'okutambulira mu bwengula okuvaamu ssente. <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Aba Amerika abamanyiddwa ennyo mu kukola ennyonyi mu bwengula mulimu [[Blue Origin]], [[Boeing]], [[Lockheed Martin]], [[Northrop Grumman]], ne [[SpaceX]]. Enteekateeka za NASA nga Commercial Crew Program, [[Commercial Resupply Services]], Commercial Lunar Payload Services, ne NextSTEP ziyanguyizza okwenyigiramu kw’ebitongole by’obwannannyini okweyongera mu nnyonyi z’omu bwengula mu Amerika.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Commercial Space – NASA |url=https://www.nasa.gov/humans-in-space/commercial-space/ |access-date=September 5, 2024 |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2023, Amerika yafuna amasannyalaze gaayo ebitundu nga 84% okuva mu bisigalira oba fossil fuel, era ensibuko y’amasannyalaze gaayo esinga obunene yali [[y'amafuta ga mafuta]] (38%), n’eddirirwa [[ggaasi ow’obutonde]] (36%),eza [[renewable sources]] (9%), [[amanda]] (9%), [[n’amasannyalaze ga nukiriya]] (9%).<ref>{{Cite web |title=U.S. energy facts explained – consumption and production – U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) |url=https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/us-energy-facts/ |access-date=November 21, 2023 |website=eia.gov}}</ref> <ref name="visu">{{Cite web |date=March 2022 |title=Energy Flow Charts: Charting the Complex Relationships among Energy, Water, and Carbon |url=https://flowcharts.llnl.gov/ |access-date=May 16, 2023 |publisher=Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory}}</ref> Mu 2022, Amerika yakola ebitundu nga 4% ku [[bantu b'ensi yonna]], naye [[yakozesa ebitundu nga 16%]] ku masannyalaze g'ensi yonna.<ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Amerika ekwata ekifo kyakubiri mu kufulumya omukka ogwonoona obutonde oluvannyuma lwa China. <ref>{{Cite web |last=US Environmental Protection Agency |first=OAR |date=February 8, 2017 |title=Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks |url=https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/inventory-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions-and-sinks |access-date=December 3, 2020 |website=US EPA |language=en}}</ref> Amerika ye nsi [[Nuclear power by country|esinga okufulumya amasannyalaze ga nukiriya]] mu nsi yonna, ng’ekola ebitundu nga 30% ku masannyalaze ga nukiriya mu nsi yonna. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nuclear Power in the USA - World Nuclear Association |url=https://world-nuclear.org/information-library/country-profiles/countries-t-z/usa-nuclear-power |access-date=March 1, 2025 |website=world-nuclear.org}}</ref> Era erina omuwendo gwa riyaaktori z’amasannyalaze ga nukiriya ezisinga obungi mu nsi yonna. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rouse |first=Sabina |date=November 5, 2019 |title=Where are the world's 449 nuclear reactors? |url=https://www.weforum.org/stories/2019/11/countries-that-have-the-most-nuclear-power-alternative-energy-electricity-climate-change/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250214075151/https://www.weforum.org/stories/2019/11/countries-that-have-the-most-nuclear-power-alternative-energy-electricity-climate-change/ |archive-date=February 14, 2025 |access-date=March 1, 2025 |website=World Economic Forum |language=en}}</ref> Okuva mu mwaka gwa 2024, Amerika eteekateeka okukubisaamu emirundi esatu amasannyalaze aga nukiriya mu mwaka gwa 2050. <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 12, 2024 |title=U.S. Sets Targets to Triple Nuclear Energy Capacity by 2050 |url=https://www.energy.gov/ne/articles/us-sets-targets-triple-nuclear-energy-capacity-2050 |access-date=March 1, 2025 |website=Energy.gov |language=en}}</ref> Amerika erina enguudo eziweza mayiro obukadde buna ( obukadde bwa kiromita 6.4 ), kumpi zonna za gavumenti z’amasaza n’ez’ebitundu, oukutu gwazo gwe [[List of countries by road network size|gusinga obuwanvu]] mu nsi yonna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Roadways – The World Factbook |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/roadways/country-comparison |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712201909/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/roadways/country-comparison |archive-date=July 12, 2021 |access-date=July 15, 2021 |website=Cia.gov}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Public Road and Street Mileage in the United States by Type of Surface |url=https://www.rita.dot.gov/bts/sites/rita.dot.gov.bts/files/publications/national_transportation_statistics/html/table_01_04.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102141414/https://www.rita.dot.gov/bts/sites/rita.dot.gov.bts/files/publications/national_transportation_statistics/html/table_01_04.html |archive-date=January 2, 2015 |access-date=January 13, 2015 |website=United States Department of Transportation}}</ref>[[List of U.S. state and insular area departments of transportation|​]][[Interstate Highway System|​]] Enkola eno eyongera okugaziyizibwa [[State highway#United States|enguudo za gavumenti]] [[Toll road|n'enguudo ezimu ez'obwannannyini]] ezisasulwa . Amerika y’emu ku nsi ekkumi ezisinga okubeera [[List of countries by vehicles per capita|n’embeera y'abuli muntu okuba n'emmotoka eyiye]] (emmotoka 850 ku buli bantu 1,000) mu 2022. Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2022 kwazuula nti ebitundu 76% ku basabaze mu Amerika bavuga bokka ate 14% bavuga obugaali, omuli bannannyini ddigi n’abakozesa emikutu [[Bike-sharing|gy’okugabana obugaali]]. Ebitundu nga 11% bakozesa engeri emu ey’entambula ey’olukale. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 19, 2022 |title=Cars still dominate the American commute |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/05/commute-america-sustainability-cars/ |access-date=May 21, 2023 |website=World Economic Forum |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Humes |first=Edward |date=April 12, 2016 |title=The Absurd Primacy of the Automobile in American Life |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/04/absurd-primacy-of-the-car-in-american-life/476346/ |url-access=subscription |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412125602/https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/04/absurd-primacy-of-the-car-in-american-life/476346/ |archive-date=April 12, 2016 |access-date=July 12, 2023 |website=[[The Atlantic]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Public transportation in the United States|Entambula ey’olukale mu Amerika]] erina enkulaakulanalana ennungi mu bitundu by’ebibuga ebisinga obunene, naddala mu kibuga New York, Washington, DC, Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago, ne San Francisco Bay Area; bwe kitaba ekyo, okutwalira awamu okusaasaana kwayo si kungi nga mu nsi endala ezikyakula. Amerika nayo erina ebitundu bingi [[Car-dependent|ebyesigama ku mmotoka]] . Olugendo oluwanvu wakati w’ebibuga lusinga kukolebwa kkampuni z’ennyonyi, naye okutambula n’eggaali y’omukka kusinga kubeera ku luguudo lwa [[Northeast Corridor]], [[High-speed rail in the United States|eggaali y’omukka yokka ey’amaanyi mu Amerika]] etuukana n’omutindo gw’ensi yonna gy’ekola. [[Amtrak]], kkampuni y’eggaali y’omukka ey’eggwanga ey’abasaabaze eyambibwako gavumenti y’eggwanga lino, erina omukutu mutono bw’ogeraageranya n’ogw’amawanga ga Bulaaya ey’Obugwanjuba. <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Empeereza esinga mu Northeast, California, Midwest, ne Pacific Northwest. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-16 |title=Amtrak Five Year Service Line Plans |url=https://www.amtrak.com/content/dam/projects/dotcom/english/public/documents/corporate/businessplanning/Amtrak-Service-Line-Plans-FY20-24.pdf#page=5 |access-date=2026-07-04 |website=[[Amtrak]]}}</ref> [[Rail transport in the United States|Omukutu gw'entambula y'eggaali y'omukka mu ggwanga lino]], [[List of countries by rail transport network size|ogusinga obuwanvu]] mu nsi yonna ku 182,412.3 mi (293,564.2). km), <ref>{{Cite web |title=Railways – The World Factbook |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/railways/country-comparison |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124012056/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2121rank.html |archive-date=November 24, 2018 |access-date=July 14, 2022 |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]}}</ref> esinga kukola [[Freight transport|ku by’emigugu]] <ref>{{Cite web |year=2021 |title=Seasonally Adjusted Transportation Data |url=https://www.transtats.bts.gov/osea/seasonaladjustment/?PageVar=RAIL_PM |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422132507/https://www.transtats.bts.gov/osea/seasonaladjustment/?PageVar=RAIL_PM |archive-date=April 22, 2021 |access-date=February 16, 2021 |publisher=Bureau of Transportation Statistics}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> (okwawukana ku ggaali y’omukka esinga okutambuza abasaabaze mu Bulaaya <ref>{{Cite web |last=The Antiplanner |date=May 13, 2016 |title=Comparing European and American Transport |url=https://ti.org/antiplanner/?p=11847}}</ref> ). Olw’okubaemirimu gitera okubae gy’obwannannyini, eggaali y’omukka mu Amerika zisigaliddemudde emabega mu nsi yonna mu by’amasannyalaze. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Thomas |first=Maddock |date=March 7, 2023 |title=US Railroads Lag Behind the World in Railroad Electrification, and the Reason is Private Ownership |url=https://brownpoliticalreview.org/us-railroads-lag-behind-the-world-in-railroad-electrification-and-the-reason-is-private-ownership/ |access-date=March 9, 2025}}</ref> Amerika erina omukutu omunene ogw’entambula y’ennyonyi. [[List of airlines of the United States|Ennyonyi za Amerika ez’abantu baabulijjo]] zonna za bwannannyini. Ennyonyi essatu ezisinga obunene mu nsi yonna, okusinziira ku muwendo gw’abasaabaze bonna abatambuzibwa, zisangibwa mu Amerika; [[American Airlines]] yafuuka ekulembedde mu nsi yonna oluvannyuma lw'okwegatta ku kkampuni ya [[US Airways]] mu 2013 . <ref>{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=Scheduled Passengers Carried |url=https://www.iata.org/publications/pages/wats-passenger-carried.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102034843/https://www.iata.org/publications/pages/wats-passenger-carried.aspx |archive-date=January 2, 2015 |access-date=February 17, 2012 |publisher=International Air Transport Association (IATA)}}</ref> Ku bisaawe by'ennyonyi 50 ebisingamu abantu abangi mu nsi yonna, 16 biri mu Amerika, awamu n'ebitaano ku 10 ebisinga okubeera n'abantu abangi <ref name="PANYNJ 2021 report">{{Cite web |date=April 2022 |title=2021 Airport Traffic Report |url=https://www.panynj.gov/content/dam/airports/statistics/statistics-general-info/annual-atr/ATR_2021.pdf |website=Port Authority of New York and New Jersey |page=32}}</ref> Ekisaawe ky'ennyonyi ekisinga okubeera n'abantu abangi mu nsi yonna okusinziira ku bungi bw'abasaabaze ye [[Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport|Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International]] mu [[Atlanta|Atlanta, Georgia]] . <ref name="BusyAirport">{{Cite web |last=Hunter |first=Marnie |date=April 11, 2022 |title=This US airport has reclaimed its title as the world's busiest |url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/worlds-busiest-airports-2021/index.html |website=CNN}}</ref> <ref name="PANYNJ 2021 report" /> Mu mwaka gwa 2022, [[List of airports in the United States|ebisaawe by’ennyonyi ebisinga ku 19,969 eby’omu Amerika]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Number of U.S. Airports |url=https://www.bts.gov/content/number-us-airportsa |access-date=December 15, 2023 |publisher=Bureau of Transportation Statistics}}</ref> byali bya gavumenti ez’ebitundu era nga biddukanyizibwa, era waliwo n’ebisaawe by’ennyonyi ebimu eby’obwannannyini. Nga 5,193 ziwandiikiddwa nga "okukozesebwa abantu bonna", omuli [[General aviation|n'ennyonyi eza bulijjo]] . [[Transportation Security Administration|Ekitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku by’okwerinda mu by’entambula ekya Transportation Security Administration]] (TSA) kibadde kiwa obukuumi ku bisaawe by’ennyonyi ebinene ebisinga okuva mu 2001. [[Inland waterways of the United States|Amakubo g'okumazzi ag’eggwanga lino agali munda mu ggwanga]] ge gakwata [[List of countries by waterways length|ekifo eky’okutaano mu buwanvu]] mu nsi yonna, nga gonna awamu gali 25,482 mi (41,009) nga bwe km) . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Waterways – The World Factbook |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/waterways/country-comparison |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412005407/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/waterways/country-comparison |archive-date=April 12, 2022 |access-date=July 14, 2022 |website=[[The World Factbook]] |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]}}</ref> Zikozesebwa nnyo mu kutambuza emigugu, okwesanyusaamu, n’okutambuza abasaabaze abatono. Ku [[List of busiest container ports|myalo 50 egy’okutwala abantu abangi]] mu nsi yonna, ena giri mu Amerika, ng’esinga okubeera n’abantu abangi mu ggwanga lino gwe [[Port of Los Angeles|mwalo gw’e Los Angeles]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Top 50 Container Ports |url=https://www.worldshipping.org/top-50-ports |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813193707/https://www.worldshipping.org/top-50-ports |archive-date=August 13, 2021 |access-date=July 14, 2022 |website=[[World Shipping Council]]}}</ref> == Ebikwata ku bungi bw’abantu baayo == '''<big>Obungi bw'abantu</big>''' Ekitongole ky’okubala abantu mu Amerika kyategeeza nti abantu 331,449,281 baali batuuze nga 1 Ogwokuna, 2020, [ t ] <ref name="2020CENSUS">{{Cite web |title=Census Bureau's 2020 Population Count |url=https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2021/2020-census-apportionment-results.htmlpid=2020CENSUS&src=pt |access-date=April 26, 2021 |website=[[United States Census]]}}</ref> ekifudde Amerika ensi ey’okusatu mu nsi yonna mu bungi bw’abantu, oluvannyuma lwa Buyindi ne China. <ref>{{Cite web |title=World Population Dashboard |url=https://www.unfpa.org/data/world-population-dashboard |access-date=February 12, 2026 |publisher=United Nations Population Fund}}</ref> Okubalirira kw'abantu mu butongole okwa 2025 ekitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku kubala abantu kwali 341,784,857, nga kino kyeyongera ebitundu 3.1% okuva mu kubala abantu okwakolebwa mu 2020. <ref name="Vintage2025">{{Cite web|date=January 27, 2025 |title=National Population Totals and Components of Change: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2025 |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-national-total.html |access-date=January 28, 2025 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> Okusinziira ku ssaawa ya Bureau's [[US Population Clock]], nga 1 Ogwomusanvu, 2024, omuwendo gw'abantu mu Amerika gwafuna okweyongera kw'amuntu omu buli sikonda 16, oba abantu nga 5400 buli lunaku. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Population Clock |url=https://www.census.gov/popclock/ |website=Census.gov}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2023, 51% ku Bamerika ab’emyaka 15 n’okudda waggulu baali bafumbo, 6% baali [[bannamwandu]], 10% baali baawukanye, ate 34% baali tebafumbirwangako. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Table MS-1. Marital Status of the Population 15 Years Old and Over, by Sex, Race and Hispanic Origin: 1950 to Present |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/families/marital.html |access-date=September 11, 2019 |website=Historical Marital Status Tables |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> Mu 2023, omuwendo gw'obusobozi bwokuzaala mu America gwali gwa abaana1.6 ku buli mukazi,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saric |first=Ivana |date=April 25, 2024 |title=Births dropped in 2023, ending pandemic baby boom |url=https://www.axios.com/2024/04/25/us-births-drop-2023 |access-date=July 1, 2024 |publisher=Axios |language=en}}</ref>[[Single parents in the United States|​]][[Total fertility rate|​]] era ku bitundu 23%, yeeyalina omuwendo gw'abaana abaali babeera n'abazadde abaayawukana mu maka mu 2019.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 12, 2019 |title=U.S. has world's highest rate of children living in single-parent households |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/12/12/u-s-children-more-likely-than-children-in-other-countries-to-live-with-just-one-parent/ |access-date=March 17, 2020 |website=Pew Research Center |language=en}}</ref>[[Suburb|​]] Abamerika abasinga babeera mu njegooyego z'ebifo ebikulu. Amerika erina abantu ab’enjawulo; [[American ancestries|Ebibinja ebigatta abafaanaganya obuvo]] 37 birina bammemba abasoba mu kakadde kamu. <ref name="An2000">{{Cite web |date=June 2004 |title=Ancestry 2000 |url=https://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/c2kbr-35.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20041204015245/https://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/c2kbr-35.pdf |archive-date=December 4, 2004 |access-date=December 2, 2016 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> [[Non-Hispanic whites|Abazungu Abamerika]] abava mu Bulaaya, Middle East, oba North Africa be basinga obungi [[Race (human classification)|mu mawanga]] [[Ethnic group|n'olubu lw'eggwanga]] nga 57.8% ku bantu ba Amerika. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Chance That Two People Chosen at Random Are of Different Race or Ethnicity Groups Has Increased Since 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2021/08/2020-united-states-population-more-racially-ethnically-diverse-than-2010.html |website=Census.gov |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=Table 52. Population by Selected Ancestry Group and Region: 2009 |url=https://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2012/tables/12s0052.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121225031832/https://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2012/tables/12s0052.pdf |archive-date=December 25, 2012 |access-date=February 11, 2017 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Aba Hispanic ne Latino Americans]] be bakola ekibinja ekyokubiri mu bunene era nga bali 18.7% ku bantu ba Amerika. [[African Americans|Abafirika Abamerika]] be bakola ekibinja eky’okusatu mu bunene mu ggwanga lino era nga bali 12.1% ku bantu bonna mu Amerika. <ref name="An2000" /> Abamerika abava mu Asia be kibinja eky'okuna mu bunene mu ggwanga lino, nga bakola ebitundu 5.9% ku bantu ba Amerika. Abamerika bannansangwa bakola obukadde 3.7 mu ggwanga lino era bye ebitundu nga 1%, <ref name="An2000" /> era ebika binnansangwa nga 574 bimanyiddwa gavumenti eya federo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Federally recognized American Indian tribes and Alaska Native entities {{!}} USAGov |url=https://www.usa.gov/indian-tribes-alaska-native |access-date=April 5, 2024 |website=www.usa.gov |language=en}}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2024, [[Median age|emyaka gya wakati]] egy'abantu mu Amerika gyali gya myaka 39.1. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wilder |first=Kristie |last2=Mackun |first2=Paul |title=Median Age in 192 Metro Areas Higher Than National Median of 39.1 |url=https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2025/06/metro-areas-median-age.html |access-date=July 4, 2025 |website=Census.gov |language=en}}</ref> == Okukula kw'ebibuga == Abamerika nga 82% babeera mu [[kumbi n'ebifo eby'amaanyi]] naddala mu [[njegooyego z'ebibuga]] ne mu [[Exurb|byalo]]; <ref name="CIA-20182">{{Cite web |title=The World Factbook: United States |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-states/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107073924/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-states/ |archive-date=January 7, 2021 |access-date=November 10, 2018 |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> nga kitundu ku abo babeera mu bibuga ebirimu abantu abasukka mu 50,000. [[Los Angeles|[]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=United States—Urban/Rural and Inside/Outside Metropolitan Area |url=https://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&-state=gct&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&-_box_head_nbr=GCT-P1&-mt_name=&-_caller=geoselect&-geo_id=&-format=US-1&-_lang=en |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20090403024532/https://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&-state=gct&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&-_box_head_nbr=GCT-P1&-mt_name=&-_caller=geoselect&-geo_id=&-format=US-1&-_lang=en |archive-date=April 3, 2009 |access-date=September 23, 2008 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> Mu 2024, munisipaali ezaali zigattiddwa zaalina abantu abaali basukka mu 100,000[[List of United States cities by population#50 states and District of Columbia|​]][[Chicago|​]][[Houston|​]], ebibuga 11 byalimu abatuuze abaali basukka mu kakadde kamu, era ebibuga bina omuli [[New York City,]] [[Los Angeles,]] [[Chicago]], ne [[Houston County, Texas|Houston]] byalina abantu abaali basukka mu bukadde obubiri.<ref>{{Cite web |title=City and Town Population Totals: 2020-2022 |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-cities-and-towns.html |access-date=November 26, 2023 |website=Census.gov}}</ref> Ebifo ebyamaaanyi mu Amerika nga 56 [[Metropolitan statistical areas#United States|birina abatuuze akakadde kamu oba okusingawo]]. Ebbanga ttono emabega ebitundu ebyalimu abantu abangi n'okukula byali mu Bukiikaddyo, lwakuba nga ebitundu by'omu bukiikaddyo eby'ensalosalo za Mexico ne Gulf Coast ziri mu kabi ak'okulumbibwa omuyaga ogwamaanyi era omuwendo gw'abantu gwakendeera nnyo mu 2025. Ekibuga kya New York ekyali kyafuna ennyo abasenze mu 2024, kyaddirira nekidda mu kifo kye 13 olwensonga z'okukendeeramu mu bantu abaali bayingira eggwanga. N'olwekyo ebifo eisingamu abantu byasigala biri Houston ne Dallas-Fort Worth, ne kuddako Atlanta, Phoenix ne Charlotte. == Olulimi lwabwe == Wadde ng’ennimi [[n’enjogera]] nnyingi mu Amerika, [[Olungereza]] lwe lusinga okwogerwa n’okuwandiikibwa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaur |first=Harmeet |date=May 20, 2018 |title=FYI: English isn't the official language of the United States |url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/20/us/english-us-official-language-trnd/index.html |access-date=May 11, 2023 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> Olungereza olw'ekika kya ''[[De facto]]'', lwe [[lulimi olutongole]] mu Amerika, era mu 2025, [[Executive Order 14224]] yalangirira Olungereza ng'olutongole. <ref name="EOWP">{{Cite news}}</ref> Wabula Amerika tebangako na lulimi lutongole oluteekebwawo mu mateeka, anti Congress teyisangako tteeka kulaga Lungereza nga lutongole ku matabi gonna asatu aga federo. Amateeka agamu, gamba nga US naturalization requirements, wadde kiri kityo, gassa Olungereza ku mutindo. Amasaza 28 n’ebizinga [[bya Amerika ebya Virgin Islands]] galina amateeka agalaga Olungereza ng’olulimi lwokka olutongole; Amasaza 19 ne [[District of Columbia]] tegalina lulimi lutongole. <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Amasaza asatu n’ebitundu bina ebya Amerika bikkirizza ennimi z’omu kitundu oba enzaaliranwa ng’oggyeeko Olungereza: Hawaii ( Oluhawaiian ), <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 7, 1978 |title=The Constitution of the State of Hawaii, Article XV, Section 4 |url=https://www.hawaii.gov/lrb/con/conart15.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724231656/https://hawaii.gov/lrb/con/conart15.html |archive-date=July 24, 2013 |access-date=June 19, 2007 |publisher=Hawaii Legislative Reference Bureau}}</ref> Alaska ( ennimi amakumi abiri ez’Enzaalwa ), [ u ] <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> South Dakota ( Sioux ), <ref name="LakotaCommon">{{Cite web |title=South Dakota recognizes official indigenous language |url=https://eu.argusleader.com/story/news/politics/2019/03/22/south-dakota-recognizes-official-indigenous-language-governor-noem/3245113002/ |access-date=March 26, 2019 |publisher=[[Argus Leader]]}}</ref> American Samoa ( [[Samoan]] ), Puerto Rico ( [[Spanish]] ), Guam ( [[Chamorro]] ), n’ebizinga by’obukiikakkono bwa Mariana ( [[Carolinian]] ne Chamorro ). Okutwalira awamu, ennimi z’Abamerika enzaaliranwa 169 ze zoogerwa mu Amerika. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Siebens |first=Julie |last2=Julian |first2=Tiffany |date=December 2011 |title=Native North American Languages Spoken at Home in the United States and Puerto Rico: 2006–2010 |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2011/acs/acsbr10-10.pdf |access-date=April 5, 2024 |website=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> Mu Puerto Rico, Olusipeyini lwogerwa nnyo okusinga Olungereza. <ref name="PuertoRicoTranslation">{{Cite web |title=Translation in Puerto Rico |url=https://www.puertorico.com/translation/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230233259/http://www.puertorico.com/translation/ |archive-date=December 30, 2013 |access-date=December 29, 2013 |website=Puerto Rico Channel}}</ref> Okusinziira ku [[kunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu Amerika]] (2020), <ref name="ACS2021">{{Cite web |title=ACS B16001 |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=B16001:+LANGUAGE+SPOKEN+AT+HOME+BY+ABILITY+TO+SPEAK+ENGLISH+FOR+THE+POPULATION+5+YEARS+AND+OVER&g=0100000US&tid=ACSDT1Y2021.B16001&moe=true |access-date=December 26, 2022 |website=ACS B16001 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> abantu nga obukadde 245.4 mu Amerika ab’emyaka etaano n’okudda waggulu baali boogera Olungereza lwokka awaka. Abantu obukadde nga 41.2 be boogera [[Olusipeyini]] awaka, ekifuula olulimi olwokubiri mu kusinga okukozesebwa. Ennimi endala ezoogerwa awaka abantu akadde kamu oba okusingawo mulimu [[Oluchina]] (obukadde 3.40), [[Olutagalog]] (obukadde 1.71), [[Oluviyetnam]] (obukadde 1.52), [[Oluwarabu]] (obukadde 1.39), [[Olufaransa]] (obukadde 1.18), [[Olukorea]] (obukadde 1.07), [[n’Olurussia]] (obukadde 1.04). [[Olugirimaani]], olwayogerwa abantu obukadde 1 awaka mu 2010, lwagwa okutuuka ku bantu 881,000 abaabalirirwamu bonna awamu mu 2020. <ref>{{cite report|author=U.S. Census Bureau|title=Language spoken at home by ability to speak English for the population 5 years and over|website=data.census.gov|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDT5Y2020.B16001?q=B16001&y=2020|access-date=2026-02-24}}</ref> == Okuyingira mu nsi == Omuwendo gw’abasenze mu Amerika gwe gusinga obungi mu nsi yonna mu ngeri entuufu . <ref name="UNdef">{{Cite web |last=((United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division)) |date=August 2019 |title=International Migrant Stock 2019 Documentation |url=https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/data/estimates2/docs/MigrationStockDocumentation_2019.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917201246/https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/data/estimates2/docs/MigrationStockDocumentation_2019.pdf |archive-date=2019-09-17 |access-date=June 19, 2023 |publisher=United Nations |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=UN Migrant Stock Total 2019 |url=https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/data/estimates2/data/UN_MigrantStockTotal_2019.xlsx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917201247/https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/data/estimates2/data/UN_MigrantStockTotal_2019.xlsx |archive-date=2019-09-17 |access-date=June 19, 2023 |publisher=United Nations |url-status=live }}</ref> Mu 2022, mu Amerika mwalimu abasenze obukadde 87.7 n’abaana b’abasenze abazaalibwa mu Amerika, nga bano bakola kumpi ebitundu 27% ku bantu bonna mu Amerika. <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Mu 2017, ku bantu Abamerika abaazaalibwa ebweru w’eggwanga, nga 45% ( obukadde 20.7 ) baali bannansi abasibukayo mu butonde, 27% (obukadde 12.3 ) baali batuuze ab’enkalakkalira mu mateeka, 6% (obukadde 2.2 ) baali batuuze mu mateeka ab’ekiseera, ate 23% (obukadde 10.5 ) baali [[basenze abatakkirizibwa]] . <ref name="KeyFindings">{{Cite web |date=June 17, 2019 |title=Key findings about U.S. immigrants |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/06/17/key-findings-about-u-s-immigrants/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617180226/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/06/17/key-findings-about-u-s-immigrants/ |archive-date=2019-06-17 |publisher=Pew Research Center |access-date=2026-07-23 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu mwaka gwa 2019, amawanga agasinga okusibukamu abagwiira gaali Mexico (24% ku basenze), Buyindi (6%), China (5%), Philippines (4.5%), ne El Salvador (3%).<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 21, 2021 |title=Immigrants in the United States |url=https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/immigrants_in_the_united_states_0.pdf |access-date=August 18, 2023 |website=americanimmigrationcouncil.org}}</ref> Mu mwaka gw’ebyensimbi 2022, abagwira abasukka mu kakadde kamu (abasinga obungi ku bo baayingira nga bayita mu kugatta amaka ) baweebwa obutuuze mu mateeka.<ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Omuwendo gw’abagwira abatalina biwandiiko mu Amerika gwatuuka ku likodi ya bukadde 14 mu 2023.<ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> == Eddiini == [[First Amendment to the United States Constitution|Ennongoosereza esooka]] ekakasa [[Free Exercise Clause|okusoma eddiini mu ddembe mu ggwanga]] era egaana Congress okuyisa amateeka agassa ekitiibwa mu [[Establishment Clause|kugitandikawo]]. <ref name="Donadio-2021">{{Cite web |last=Donadio |first=Rachel |date=November 22, 2021 |title=Why Is France So Afraid of God? |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2021/12/france-god-religion-secularism/620528/ |access-date=March 25, 2023 |website=The Atlantic |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=First Amendment |url=https://constitution.congress.gov/constitution/amendment-1/#:~:text=Congress%20shall%20make%20no%20law,for%20a%20redress%20of%20grievances. |website=Constitution Annotated |publisher=[[United States Congress]]}}</ref> Enkola y’eddiini esaasaanidde nnyo, mu [[List of countries by ethnic and cultural diversity level|zisinga okuba ez’enjawulo]] mu nsi yonna, era zijjudde nnyo.<ref name="pewreligion">{{Cite web |last=Fahmy |first=Dalia |date=July 31, 2018 |title=Americans are far more religious than adults in other wealthy nations |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/07/31/americans-are-far-more-religious-than-adults-in-other-wealthy-nations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200109160911/https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/07/31/americans-are-far-more-religious-than-adults-in-other-wealthy-nations/ |archive-date=January 9, 2020 |access-date=January 23, 2020 |website=[[Pew Research Center]]}}</ref> Eggwanga lino [[Christianity by country|lisingamu Abakrisitaayo]] mu nsi yonna, nga muno mwe muli [[Catholic Church by country|n'ekifo eky'okuna mu bungi bw'Abakatoliki]] . <ref name="Global Christianity">{{Cite web |last=ANALYSIS |date=December 19, 2011 |title=Global Christianity |url=https://www.pewforum.org/Christian/Global-Christianity-exec.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730062627/http://www.pewforum.org/christian/global-christianity-exec.aspx |archive-date=July 30, 2013 |access-date=August 17, 2012 |publisher=Pewforum.org}}</ref> Enzikiriza endala ez'amaanyi mulimu [[Judaism|enzikiriza z'Ekiyudaaya]], [[Buddhism|Buddha]], [[Hinduism|Hindu]], [[Islam|Obusiraamu]], [[New Age]], [[Native American religions|n'amadiini g'Abamerika bannansangwa]]. Enkola y’eddiini eyawukana nnyo okusinziira ku bitundu.<ref name="Williams-2023">{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Daniel |date=March 1, 2023 |title='Christian America' Isn't Dying. It's Dividing. |url=https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2023/february-web-only/christianity-america-pew-research-statistics-minority.html |access-date=March 25, 2023 |website=[[Christianity Today]] |language=en}}</ref> " [[Ceremonial deism]] " ya bulijjo mu buwangwa bw'Abamerika. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Merriam |first=Jesse |last2=Lupu |first2=Ira |last3=Elwood |first3=F |last4=Davis |first4=Eleanor |date=August 28, 2008 |title=On Ceremonial Occasions, May the Government Invoke a Deity? |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2008/08/28/on-ceremonial-occasions-may-the-government-invoke-a-deity/ |access-date=March 31, 2023 |website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Abamerika]] abasinga obungi bakkiririza mu maanyi oba amaanyi ag’omwoyo agasingako, beenyigira mu bikolwa eby’omwoyo ng’okusaba, era beetwala okuba ab’eddiini oba [[ab’omwoyo]] . <ref name="Kallo-2023">{{Cite web |last=Kallo |first=Becka |display-authors=etal |date=December 7, 2023 |title=Spirituality Among Americans |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2023/12/07/spirituality-among-americans/ |access-date=December 8, 2023 |website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu " [[Bible Belt]] " ey'obukiikaddyo bwa Amerika, Obupolotesitante obw'enjiri bukola kinene mu buwangwa; [[New England]] ne Western America zitera okuba ez'ensi . <ref name="Williams-20232">{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Daniel |date=March 1, 2023 |title='Christian America' Isn't Dying. It's Dividing. |url=https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2023/february-web-only/christianity-america-pew-research-statistics-minority.html |access-date=March 25, 2023 |website=[[Christianity Today]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fahmy |first=Dalia |last2=Smith |first2=Gregory A. |last3=Cooperman |first3=Alan |last4=Alper |first4=Becka A. |last5=Mohamed |first5=Besheer |last6=Rotolo |first6=Chip |last7=Tevington |first7=Patricia |last8=Nortey |first8=Justin |last9=Kallo |first9=Asta |last10=Diamant |first10=Jeff |date=February 26, 2025 |title=Decline of Christianity in the U.S. Has Slowed, May Have Leveled Off |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2025/02/26/decline-of-christianity-in-the-us-has-slowed-may-have-leveled-off/ |access-date=April 22, 2025 |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Mormonism]], ekibiina ky’aba [[Restorationist]] ekyatandikibwawo mu Amerika mu 1847, ye ddiini esinga mu Utah era ddiini enkulu mu Idaho. == Eby'obulamu byayo == Okusinziira ku [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|kitongole ekivunaanyizibwa ku kulwanyisa endwadde ekya Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC), emyaka omuntu gyasuubirwa okubeera ku nsi (life expectancy) mu Amerika gyatuuka ku myaka 79.0 mu 2024, nga guno gwe muwendo ogusinga obunene ogwawandiikibwa. Kino kyali kyeyongedde emyaka 0.6 okusinga omwaka 2023. Ekitongole kino ki CDC kyavudde ku kukendeera okw’amaanyi mu muwendo [[Drug overdose|gw’eddagala erisukkiridde eritta]] abantu mu ggwanga lino, ne kitegeeza nti “obulwadde bw’omutima bukyagenda mu maaso n’okutta abantu mu Amerika, nga buddirirwa [[Kokolo|kookolo]] n’obuvune obutaba bugenderere.” <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 29, 2026 |title=U.S. life expectancy hits record high as drug overdose deaths decline in 2024 |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db548.htm |access-date=February 1, 2026 |website=U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention}}</ref> Mu 2024, emyaka abasajja Abamerika gye basuubirwa okubeera ku nsi gyalinnya okutuuka ku myaka 76.5 (+0.7 emyaka bw’ogeraageranya ne 2023), ate bw’abakyala giri 81.4 (+0.3 years). Okutandika mu 1998, emyaka gye basuubirwa okubeera ku nsi mu Amerika gyagwa [[List of countries by life expectancy|emabega w'amawanga amalala agagagga agakulaakulanye mu by'amakolero]], era ekituli ky'Abamerika "obuzibu mu bulamu" kibadde kyeyongera okuva olwo.<ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Ekitongole kya Commonwealth Fund kyategeeza mu 2020 nti Amerika ye yasinga okubaamu embeera z'okwetta mu [[mawanga agalina ennyingiza eyaawaggulu]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 30, 2020 |title=New International Report on Health Care: U.S. Suicide Rate Highest Among Wealthy Nations {{!}} Commonwealth Fund |url=https://www.commonwealthfund.org/press-release/2020/new-international-report-health-care-us-suicide-rate-highest-among-wealthy |access-date=March 17, 2020 |website=Commonwealthfund.org |language=en}}</ref> Nga kimu kya kusatu eky’abantu abakulu mu Amerika balina omugejjo, ate ekirala kya kusatu bazito nnyo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity Among Adults: United States, 2003–2004 |url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/pubs/pubd/hestats/overweight/overwght_adult_03.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090110002418/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/pubs/pubd/hestats/overweight/overwght_adult_03.htm |archive-date=2009-01-10 |access-date=June 5, 2007 |publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics |url-status=live }}</ref> Ensaasaanya ku y’ebyobulamu mu Amerika esinga nnyo ey’ensi endala yonna, epimiddwa mu nsaasaanya ya buli muntu n’ebitundu ku kikumi ku GDP, naye efuna ebivaamu mu by’obulamu ebibi bw’ogeraageranya n’amawanga ga bannaabwe olw’ensonga ezikubaganyizibwako ebirowoozo. <ref>{{Cite web |year=2001 |title=The U.S. Healthcare System: The Best in the World or Just the Most Expensive? |url=https://dll.umaine.edu/ble/U.S.+HCweb.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070309142240/https://dll.umaine.edu/ble/U.S.%20HCweb.pdf |archive-date=March 9, 2007 |access-date=November 29, 2006 |publisher=University of Maine |url-status=dead }}</ref> Amerika ye nsi yokka eyakulaakulana etalina nkola ya bulamu bwa bonna, era ekitundu ekinene eky'abantu abatalina yinsuwa y'ebyobulamu. Enkola y'okutuusa eby'obulamu ku baavu (Okusasulwa ssente okuva mu gavumenti eri abaavu ( [[Medicaid]] ) n’abo ab’emyaka 65 n’okudda waggulu ( [[Medicare]] ) weeri eri Abamerika abatuukiriza ebisaanyizo by’enyingiza oba emyaka gya pulogulaamu. Mu 2010, Pulezidenti [[Barack Obama]] yayisa etteeka eryayitibwa [[Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act]] . [ v ''[[Roe v. Wade|<nowiki>]</nowiki>]]'' ''[[Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization|​]]''[[Abortion in the United States|​]] [ w ] <ref>{{Cite web |date=2026-04-02 |title=Abortion regulations by state |url=https://ballotpedia.org/Abortion_regulations_by_state |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260616004753/https://ballotpedia.org/Abortion_regulations_by_state |archive-date=2026-06-16 |access-date=2026-06-16 |website=[[Ballotpedia]] |quote=HIGHLIGHTS {{blist|As of April 2, 2026, 41 states restricted abortions at specific stages of pregnancy. |The remaining nine states and Washington, D.C., did not. |Of the 41 states that restricted abortion, 12 restricted abortion beginning at the stage of fetal viability, which was defined in ''Roe v. Wade''. |Thirteen states restricted abortion after conception.}}}}</ref>Okuva kkooti enkulu lwe yasalawo mu 2022 ng'eyita mu ''Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization, kino kyasinga ekya [[Roe v. Wade]] (1973) ekyali ku kuggyamu embuto tekikyakkirizibwa mu mateeka ga federo naye okukolebwa kwakyo kwekuusa ku mateeka agagobererwa mu masaza ag'enjawulo.'' == Eby'enjigiriza byayo == Ebyenjigiriza bya Amerika ebya pulayimale ne siniya, ebimanyiddwa mu Amerika nga [[K–12]] ("kindergarten through 12th grade"), biri mikono gya gavumeti wamu n'abobwannannyini. Enkola z’amasomero ziddukanyizibwa gavumenti z’amasaza, ez’ebitundu, n’oluusi eza munisipaali era nga zifugibwa ekitongole ky’ebyenjigiriza mu Amerika. Okutwaliza awamu, abaana balina okugenda ku ssomero oba [[essomero ly’awaka erikkirizibwa]] okuva ku myaka etaano oba mukaaga ( [[kindergarten]] oba [[first grade]] ) okutuusa lwe baweza emyaka 18. Kino kitera okuleeta abayizi okuyita mu [[siniya ey’ekkumi n’ebiri]], omwaka ogusembayo mu ssomero lya siniya erya Amerika, naye amasekkati n’ebitundu ebimu bibakkiriza okuva mu ssomero nga bukyali, ku myaka 16 oba 17. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ages for Compulsory School Attendance ... |url=https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d02/dt150.asp |access-date=June 10, 2007 |publisher=U.S. Dept. of Education, National Center for Education Statistics}}</ref> Amerika esaasaanya ssente nnyingi ku by’enjigiriza ku buli muyizi okusinga ensi endala yonna, <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> nga buli mwaka buli muyizi wa gavumenti eya pulayimale ne siniya mu 2020–2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 2020 |title=Fast Facts: Expenditures |url=https://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=66 |access-date=August 29, 2020 |website=nces.ed.gov |language=EN}}</ref> Mu Bamerika ab’emyaka 25 n’okudda waggulu, 92.2% baatikkirwa mu siniya, 62.7% baagenda mu ttendekero erimu, 37.7% baafuna [[diguli esooka]], ate 14.2% baafuna diguli.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Educational Attainment in the United States: 2022 |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2022/demo/educational-attainment/cps-detailed-tables.html |access-date=July 20, 2024 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> [[Omuwendo gw’abamanyi okusoma n’okuwandiika mu Amerika]] kumpi gwa bonna.<ref name="CIA-20183">{{Cite web |title=The World Factbook: United States |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-states/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107073924/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-states/ |archive-date=January 7, 2021 |access-date=November 10, 2018 |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref><ref>For more detail on U.S. literacy, see [https://nces.ed.gov/NAAL/PDF/2006470.PDF A First Look at the Literacy of America's Adults in the 21st century], U.S. Department of Education (2003).</ref> Amerika efulumizza [[abawanguzi b'ekirabo kya Nobel abasinga obungi mu nsi yonna]], nga [[List of American Nobel laureates|411]] (ewangudde engule 413).<ref>{{Cite web |title=All Nobel Prizes |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-prizes |publisher=Nobel Foundation}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=2022–2023 Best Global Universities Rankings |url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/rankings |access-date=April 27, 2023 |website=[[U.S. News & World Report]]}}</ref> Amatendekero aga waggulu mu Amerika gafunye erinnya mu nsi yonna. Yunivasite nnyingi ez’oku ntikko mu nsi yonna, nga bwe ziwandiikiddwa [[State university system|ebibiina]] eby’enjawulo ebikola ensengeka, ziri mu Amerika, nga ku 25 ezisinga 19 ku zo ziri mu America <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fink |first=Jenni |date=October 22, 2019 |title=U.S. Schools Take 8 of 10 Top Spots on U.S. News' Best Global Universities |url=https://www.newsweek.com/us-news-best-global-universities-american-schools-dominate-top-10-1466768 |access-date=April 18, 2023 |website=Newsweek |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 19, 2023 |title=Best Countries for Education: North American and European countries are seen as offering the best opportunities for education. |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/best-countries/best-countries-for-education |website=U.S. News & World Report}}</ref> Amatendekero g’awaggulu mu America agasinga ga gavumenti wadde nga ag'obwannayini gayingiza abayizi Abamerika ebitundu 20%. KKolegi ez'omu kitundu okutwalira awamu gawa okuyingira mu lujjudde, ebisale ebitono, n’okukola emisomo egivaamu diguli ey’emyaka ebiri ey’omuyambi oba satifikeeti etali ya diguli.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pannoni |first=Alexandra |last2=Kerr |first2=Emma |date=July 14, 2020 |title=Everything You Need to Know About Community Colleges: FAQ |url=https://www.usnews.com/education/community-colleges/articles/2015/02/06/frequently-asked-questions-community-college |access-date=July 9, 2022 |website=[[U.S. News & World Report]]}}</ref> Ku nsaasaanya ya gavumenti ku by’enjigiriza ebya waggulu, Amerika esaasaanya ssente nnyingi ku buli muyizi okusinga ku kigero kya [[OECD]], ate Abamerika basaasaanya ssente nnyingi okusinga amawanga gonna mu nsaasaanya ya gavumenti n’ey’obwannannyini wamu.<ref name="education spending">{{Cite news}}</ref> Amatendekero ga kkolegi ne yunivasite agaweebwa ssente butereevu okuva mu gavumenti eya federo era tezisasula ssente za kusoma era zitwala bantu bamu omuli bannamagye n'abakozi ba gavumenti, omuli: abayivu mu by'obuweereza mu Amerika, essomero lya Naval Postgraduate School, n'amatendekero g'abakozi b'amagye. Wadde nga waliwo enteekateeka ezimu ez’okusonyiwa ebbanja ly’abayizi, <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Biden administration cancelled $9.5B in student loan debt. Here's who it affects. |url=https://usafacts.org/articles/the-biden-administration-cancelled-95b-in-student-loan-debt-heres-who-it-affects/ |access-date=July 15, 2022 |website=USAFacts |language=en}}</ref> [[ebbanja lya looni y’abayizi]] lyeyongera ebitundu 102% wakati wa 2010 ne 2020, <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> era ne lisukka doola akawumbi 1.7 mu mwaka gwa 2022.<ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> == Obuwangwa n’embeera z’abantu == Amerika maka ga, embu z'amawanga, obuwangwa, n'ennono ez’enjawulo.<ref>{{Cite news}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Jackson |first=Lucas |date=August 22, 2014 |title=America's Tipping Point: Most Of U.S. Now Multicultural, Says Group |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/americas-tipping-point-most-u-s-now-multicultural-says-group-n186206 |access-date=July 30, 2024 |website=[[NBC News]] |language=en}}</ref> Eggwanga lino libadde lyogerwako ng'erina empisa z'okwefaako kwa ssekinnoomu n'okwefuga kw'omuntu, <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> wamu n'empisa z'emirimu ez'amaanyi [[n'okuvuganya]] . [[Okufaayo]] ku balala nga kyeyagalire nakyo kikola kinene; <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 9, 2022 |title=World Giving Index 2022 |url=https://good2give.ngo/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/2022-CAF-World-Giving-Index.pdf |access-date=April 27, 2023 |website=[[Charities Aid Foundation]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Country-level estimates of altruism |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/cross-country-variation-in-altruism |access-date=March 14, 2023 |website=Our World in Data}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marsh |first=Abigail |date=February 5, 2018 |title=Could A More Individualistic World Also Be A More Altruistic One? |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/13.7/2018/02/05/581873428/could-a-more-individualistic-world-also-be-a-more-altruistic-one |access-date=March 14, 2023 |publisher=[[NPR]]}}</ref> okusinziira ku kunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu 2016 okwakolebwa ekitongole kya [[Charities Aid Foundation]], Abamerika baawaayo 1.44% ku nnyingiza yaabwe yonna eri abazirakisa , nga gwe omuwendo [[List of countries by charitable donation|ogusinga obunene]] mu nsi yonna n’enjawulo ennene. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 2016 |title=GROSS DOMESTIC PHILANTHROPY: An international analysis of GDP, tax and giving |url=https://www.cafonline.org/docs/default-source/about-us-policy-and-campaigns/gross-domestic-philanthropy-feb-2016.pdf |access-date=July 18, 2022 |publisher=[[Charities Aid Foundation]]}}</ref> Abamerika okuva edda [[Stereotypes of Americans|babadde bamanyiddwa]] olw'enzikiriza y'ebyobufuzi ebagatta mu " American Creed " essa essira ku kukkiriza kw'abafugibwa, eddembe, obwenkanya wansi w'amateeka, [[demokulasiya]], [[obwenkanya mu bantu]], [[eddembe ly'obwannannyini]], n'okwagala [[gavumenti eriko ekkomo]]. [ x ]<ref>Hoeveler, J. David, ''Creating the American Mind: Intellect and Politics in the Colonial Colleges'', Rowman & Littlefield, {{ISBN|978-0-7425-4839-8}}, 2007, p. xi.</ref> Amerika efunye obuyinza obw'amaanyi amakalubo era n'amagonvu okuyita mu buyinza bwayo obw'obwenkanya, amaanyi gaayo mu by'enfuna, emikago gy'amagye, n'okutunda ebweru w'eggwanga eby'obuwangwa nga firimu z'Amerika, ennyimba, emizannyo gya vidiyo, emizannyo, n'emmere.<ref>{{Cite magazine|last1=Fergie|first1=Dexter|date=March 24, 2022|title=How American Culture Ate the World|url=https://newrepublic.com/article/165836/american-culture-ate-world-righteous-smokescreen-globalization-review|access-date=July 3, 2022|magazine=[[The New Republic]]|issn=0028-6583}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Enkola ya Amerika mu kuleetera ensi endala okugifaanana ng'eyita mu maanyi amagonvu eyitibwa [[Americanization]]. Kumpi Abamerika bonna abaliwo oba bajjajjaabwe baava mu [[Bulaaya, Afirika, oba Asia]] (" [[Old World|Ensi Enkadde]] ") mu byasa bitaano ebiyise. Obuwangwa bwa Amerika [[obukulu]] buwangwa bwa mawanga g’obugwanjuba okusinga obusibuka mu nnono z’abasenguka Abazungu nga bulina ebikwatibwako okuva mu nsonda endala nnyingi, gamba [[ng’ennono ezaaleetebwa abaddu okuva mu Africa]]. Okusenguka okusembyeyo okuva mu [[Asia]] n’okusingira ddala [[Latin American culture|Latin America]] kwongera ku kutabula kw’obuwangwa okubadde okwogerwako ng’ensuwa esaanuuka, n’ebbakuli [[Salad bowl (cultural idea)|ya kachumbaali]] ow’enjawulo, ng’abasenguka bayamba, emirundi mingi [[Assimilation (phonology)|okugatta]] mu buwangwa bwa Amerika obukulu. Mu [[nnongoosereza eyasooka mu Ssemateeka]], Amerika etwalibwa ng'erina [[obukuumi obw'amaanyi obw'eddembe ly'okwogera okusinga ensi endala yonna]] . Okutyoboola bendera, okwogera eby'obukyayi, okuvvoola, okuyisa amaaso mu mukulembeze w'eggwanga byonna ngeri za kwolesa okukuumibwa.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 19, 2012 |title=Held Dear In U.S., Free Speech Perplexing Abroad |url=https://www.npr.org/2012/09/19/161439562/held-dear-in-u-s-free-speech-perplexing-abroad |access-date=March 4, 2023 |publisher=[[NPR]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Liptak |first=Adam |date=June 11, 2008 |title=Hate speech or free speech? What much of West bans is protected in U.S. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/11/world/americas/11iht-hate.4.13645369.html |url-access=limited |access-date=February 21, 2023 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Durkee |first=Alison |date=April 25, 2018 |title=What if we didn't... have the First Amendment? |url=https://www.mic.com/articles/188402/what-if-we-didnt-have-the-first-amendment |access-date=February 6, 2023 |website=Mic |language=en}}</ref> Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa ekitongole kya Pew Research Center mu 2016 kwazuula nti Abamerika be basinga okuwagira eddembe ly’okwogera mu byobufuzi byonna ebipimiddwa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wike |first=Richard |date=October 12, 2016 |title=Americans more tolerant of offensive speech than others in the world |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/10/12/americans-more-tolerant-of-offensive-speech-than-others-in-the-world/ |access-date=February 6, 2023 |website=Pew Research Center |language=en-US}}</ref> Okugatta ku ekyo, be "basinga okuwagira eddembe ly'amawulire n'eddembe ly'okukozesa yintaneeti awatali kusengejja gavumenti". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gray |first=Alex |date=November 8, 2016 |title=Freedom of speech: which country has the most? |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/11/freedom-of-speech-country-comparison/ |access-date=February 6, 2023 |website=World Economic Forum |language=en}}</ref> Amerika nsi ekulaakulanye mu mbeera z'abantu <ref>{{Harvnb|Norris|2023}}.</ref> ng'erina endowooza ey'okuguminkiriza ezeetoolodde kikula ky'abantu . <ref name="Derks-2020">{{Harvnb|Derks|van den Berg|2020|p=338}}.</ref> Eddembe lya LGBTQ mu Amerika lye limu ku lisinga ly'awaggulu okusinziira ku mutindo gw’ensi yonna. <ref name="Derks-2020" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Leveille |first=Dan |date=December 4, 2009 |title=LGBT Equality Index: The most LGBT-friendly countries in the world |url=https://www.equaldex.com/equality-index |access-date=January 26, 2023 |website=[[Equaldex]] |quote=13.) United States}}</ref> <ref>{{Harvnb|Garretson|2018}}.</ref> Ekirooto ky’Amerika, oba endowooza nti Abamerika banyumirwa emitendera egy’okuyukakyuka mu bantu, kikola kinene mu kusikiriza abagwira. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Clifton |first=Jon |date=March 21, 2013 |title=More Than 100 Million Worldwide Dream of a Life in the U.S. More than 25% in Liberia, Sierra Leone, Dominican Republic want to move to the U.S. |url=https://www.gallup.com/poll/161435/100-million-worldwide-dream-life.aspx |access-date=January 10, 2014 |publisher=Gallup}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kulkarni |first=Jay |date=January 12, 2022 |title=Attracting Immigrant Talent With A New American Dream |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesbusinesscouncil/2022/01/12/attracting-immigrant-talent-with-a-new-american-dream/ |access-date=July 24, 2024 |website=[[Forbes]] |language=en}}</ref> Okuba kw'endowooza eno entuufu ebadde nsonga ya kukubaganyako birowoozo. <ref name="socialmobility">{{Cite web |year=2010 |title=A Family Affair: Intergenerational Social Mobility across OECD Countries |url=https://www.oecd.org/tax/public-finance/chapter%205%20gfg%202010.pdf |access-date=September 20, 2010 |website=Economic Policy Reforms: Going for Growth |publisher=OECD}}</ref> <ref name="CAP">{{Cite web |date=April 26, 2006 |title=Understanding Mobility in America |url=https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/economy/news/2006/04/26/1917/understanding-mobility-in-america/ |website=Center for American Progress}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gould |first=Elise |date=October 10, 2012 |title=U.S. lags behind peer countries in mobility |url=https://www.epi.org/publication/usa-lags-peer-countries-mobility/ |access-date=July 15, 2013 |website=[[Economic Policy Institute]]}}</ref> Wadde ng’obuwangwa obukulu bugamba nti Amerika nsi etaliimu madaala g'awula bantu, abakenkufu balaba enjawulo ennene wakati w'amadaala g’abantu mu ggwanga, ekikosa [[enkolagana y’abantu]], olulimi, n’empisa. Abamerika batera okutwala ennyo ebituukiddwaako mu by’enfuna by'abantu ng’ekikulu, naye okubeera owa bulijjo oba owa wakati kitumbulwa abamu ng’embeera ey’ekikungu nayo. [[Ekitongole kya National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities]] kitongole kya gavumenti ya Amerika eya federo ekyatandikibwawo mu 1965 n'ekigendererwa eky'oku "kulaakulanya n'okutumbula enkola y'eggwanga eyalowoozebwa mu bugazi ey'okuwagira eby'obuntubulamu n'eby'emikono mu Amerika, n'olw'ebitongole ebikuuma eby'obuwangwa bya Amerika." <ref>{{Cite web |title=National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities |url=https://www.federalregister.gov/agencies/national-foundation-on-the-arts-and-the-humanities |access-date=October 1, 2022 |website=[[Federal Register]]}}</ref> == Ebyagiwandiikibwako == Abawandiisi b’Amerika ab’amatwale baakwatibwako [[John Locke]] n’abawi b'endowooza abalala . Ekiseera ky'enkyukakyuka mu Amerika (175–1783) kyeyoleka nnyo olw'ebiwandiiko by'ebyobufuzi ebya [[Benjamin Franklin]], [[Alexander Hamilton]], [[Thomas Paine]], ne [[Thomas Jefferson]] . Akaseera katono [[ng’olutalo lw’enkyukakyuka terunnabaawo]], olupapula luno lwalinnya mu ttutumu, ne lujjuza obwetaavu bw’ebiwandiiko by’eggwanga ebyali biwakanya Bungereza. <ref>Mulford, Carla.</ref> Omuzannyo ogwasooka gwe gwa [[William Hill Brown]] ogwa ''[[The Power of Sympathy]]'', ogwafulumizibwa mu 1791. Omuwandiisi era omuvumirira [[John Neal]] ku ntandikwa okutuuka mu makkati g’ekyasa eky’ekkuminoomwenda yayamba okutumbula Amerika okutuuka ku biwandiiko n’obuwangwa obw’enjawulo ng’avumirira abasooka nga [[Washington Irving]] olw’okukoppa bannaabwe ab’e Bungereza, era ng’akwata ku bawandiisi nga [[Edgarn Poe]], eyatwala ebitontome by’Amerika n’ebitontome ebimpi mu makubo amapya. [[Ralph Waldo Emerson]] ne [[Margaret Fuller be]] baatandikawo ekibiina kya [[Transcendentalism]] ekyalina amaanyi mu bantu; <ref>{{Cite web |last=Finseth |first=Ian Frederick |title=The Emergence of Transcendentalism |url=http://xroads.virginia.edu/~ma95/finseth/trans.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718205554/http://xroads.virginia.edu/~MA95/finseth/trans.html |archive-date=July 18, 2023 |access-date=November 9, 2014 |website=American Studies @ The University of Virginia |publisher=[[The University of Virginia]]}}</ref> [[Henry David Thoreau]], omuwandiisi w'ekitabo ''[[Walden]]'', yasikirizibwa ekibiina kino. Enkaayana ezaali zeetoololera ku [[enkola y’okuggyawo abaddu|nkola y’okuggyawo abaddu]] zaaluŋŋamya abawandiisi, nga [[Harriet Beecher Stowe]], n’abawandiisi abaali boogera ku baddu, nga [[Frederick Douglass]] . Ekitabo kya [[Nathaniel Hawthorne]] ekiyitibwa ''[[The Scarlet Letter]]'' (1850) kyanoonyereza ku ludda olw’ekizikiza mu byafaayo bya Amerika, nga bwe kyali mu kitabo kya [[Herman Melville]] ekya ''[[Moby-Dick]]'' (1851). Abayimbi abakulu mu Amerika ab’omu kyasa ekya 19 mu kiseera ky’okuzzaawo eddiini y’Amerika kuliko [[Walt Whitman]], Melville, ne [[Emily Dickinson]]. [[Mark Twain]] ye muwandiisi omukulu Omumerika eyasooka okuzaalibwa mu mawanga g'obugwanjuba. [[Henry James]] yafuna okusiimibwa mu nsi yonna n’ebitabo bye nga ''[[The Portrait of a Lady]]'' (1881). Ng’omuwendo gw’abamanyi okusoma n’okuwandiika gweyongera, aba periodicals baafulumyanga byafulumya emboozi endala ezaali zeetooloolera ku bakozi mu makolero, abakyala, n’abaavu ab’omu byalo. Enzikiriza y’obutonde ([[Naturalism]]) enkola y’ebitundu, ([[regionalism]]) n’enkola ey’amazima ( [[realism]]) bye byali ebibiina ebikulu omwaggyibwanga emiramwa mu biwandiiko mu kiseera ekyo.   Wadde ng’okutwalira awamu [[enkola y’omulembe]] yafuna okusaasaana mu nsi yonna, abawandiisi ab’omulembe abaali bakola munda mu Amerika baali batera okusimba emirandira gy’emirimu gyabwe mu bitundu, abantu, n’obuwangwa ebimu. Oluvannyuma lw’okusenguka okwamaanyi okugenda mu bibuga eby’obukiikakkono, abawandiisi Abafirika-Abamerika n’abaddugavu [[aba West Indian]] ab’omulembe gw’okuzzaawo eddiini mu Harlem baakola ennono eyetongodde ey’ebiwandiiko eyavumirira ebyafaayo ebyalimu enjawukana mu madaala g'abantu era nga bakuza obuwangwa bw’abaddugavu. Ekikulu eky'obuwangwa okutunda ebweru w'eggwanga mu [[kiseera kya Jazz]], ebiwandiiko bino byali bikulu nnyo ku ''[[Négritude]]'', nga eno yali ndowooza eyajja gya 1930 mu bawandiisi aba francophone ab'omu Afirika abali mu nsi endala.<ref>[[Hortense Spillers|Spillers, Hortense]].</ref>[[Great American Novel|​]] [[Beat Generation|​]] <ref>{{harvnb|Lauter|1994b|pp=1975–1977}}.</ref> Mu myaka gya 1950, ekirowoozo ky'okuba n'embeera ezifaanagana yaleetera abawandiisi bangi okugezaako okuwandiika ekitabo ekya [[Great American Novel]],nga omulembe gwa [[Beat Generation]] bo baagaana endowooza eno nga bakozesa engeri ezaasitula ebyali biva mu kwogera ebitaali bya kukola bikolwa okunnyonnyola okukozesa ebiragalalagala, embeera z'ekikula, n'okulemwa mu bantu. Ebiwandiiko eby’omulembe guno bitunuulira nnyo ebintu mu bungi okusinga mu mirembe egyayita, ng’ekintu ekisinga okuba okumpi n’ekintu ekigatta abantu gwe muze gw’okugezesa olulimi . Aba Amerika 12 abawangula baabawa ekirabo kya [[Nobel Prize in Literature]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=All Nobel Prizes in Literature |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-prizes-in-literature/all/ |access-date=August 6, 2024 |website=The Nobel Prize |publisher=Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2024}}</ref> == Ebyempuliziganya byayo == Ebitongole ebina ebikulu ebiweereza ku mpewo mu Amerika byebya; kampuni ya [[National Broadcasting Company]] (NBC), [[Columbia Broadcasting System]] (CBS), [[American Broadcasting Company]] (ABC), ne [[Fox Broadcasting Company]] (Fox). Emikutu gya ttivvi ena emikulu egy’okuweereza ku mpewo gyonna gya bya busuubuzi. Ekitongole kya [[Public Broadcasting Service]] (PBS) kye kitongole ekinene mu ggwanga ekiweereza ku mpewo z'olukale ezitali za bya busuubuzi ; <ref name="About PBS">{{Cite web |title=About PBS – Overview |url=http://pbs.org/about/about-pbs/overview/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907224131/http://www.pbs.org/about/about-pbs/overview/ |archive-date=September 7, 2018 |access-date=September 10, 2018 |publisher=PBS}}</ref> era egaba pulogulaamu z’ebyenjigiriza ng’eyita mu ndaga PBS ez’omu kitundu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Terbo |first=William |title=Video Documentaries |url=https://www.teslamemorialsociety.org/TMSud_Documentaries.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326025950/http://www.teslamemorialsociety.org/TMSud_Documentaries.htm |archive-date=March 26, 2023 |access-date=June 26, 2023 |website=Tesla Memorial Society |quote="Tesla, Master of Lightning", New Voyage Communications for PBS Television Network, 2000, 90 minutes.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ray Suarez |url=https://www.carnegiecouncil.org/people/ray-suarez |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612035410/https://www.carnegiecouncil.org/people/ray-suarez |archive-date=June 12, 2022 |access-date=July 14, 2022 |website=Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs |quote=Suarez joined the PBS NewsHour in 1999 and was a senior correspondent for the evening news program on the PBS television network until 2013.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=PBS Television Broadcasts |url=https://www.insidepeacemovie.com/pbs/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628122359/https://www.insidepeacemovie.com/pbs/ |archive-date=June 28, 2022 |access-date=July 14, 2022 |website=Inside Peace |quote=We are pleased to announce the release of Inside Peace throughout the PBS television network in the United States.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Federal Funding for Public Broadcasting |url=https://www.wfyi.org/federal-funding-for-public-broadcasting |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111083755/https://www.wfyi.org/federal-funding-for-public-broadcasting |archive-date=November 11, 2021 |access-date=October 26, 2021 |publisher=WFYI}}</ref> Enkola ya [[U.S. cable television system]] egaba ebikumi n’ebikumi by’emikutu egikola ku bifo eby’enjawulo. <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Mu 2021, nga 83% ku Abamerika abasukka mu myaka 12 baawuliriza [[leediyo ku mpewo]], ate nga 40% baawuliriza [[podcasts]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 29, 2021 |title=Audio and Podcasting Fact Sheet |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/journalism/fact-sheet/audio-and-podcasting/ |access-date=July 3, 2022 |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]]}}</ref> Mu mwaka ogwali guyise, waaliwo leediyo 15,460 ezaalina layisinsi okukola wonna mu Amerika okusinziira ku kakiiko k’ebyempuliziganya aka Federal Communications Commission (FCC). <ref>{{Cite web |title=BROADCAST STATION TOTALS AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 2020 |url=https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DOC-367270A1.pdf |website=docs.fcc.gov}}</ref> Okuweereza ku leediyo z'olukale kusinga kuweebwa [[leediyo ya ggwanga]] (NPR), eyassibwawo mu Gwokubiri 1970 wansi [[w'etteeka ly'okuweereza ku mpewo mu lujjudde erya 1967]] . <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> Empapula z'amawulire mu Amerika ezituuse mu nsi yonna era ezimanyiddwa ennyo mulimu ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', ''[[The New York Times]]'', ''[[The Washington Post]]'', ne ''[[USA Today]]'' . [[List of Spanish-language newspapers published in the United States|Ebiwandiiko nga 800]] bifulumizibwa mu lulimi Olusipeyini. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Spanish Newspapers in United States |url=https://www.w3newspapers.com/usa/spanish |access-date=August 5, 2014 |publisher=W3newspapers}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Spanish Language Newspapers in the USA: Hispanic Newspapers: Periódiscos en Español en los EE.UU |url=https://www.onlinenewspapers.com/usstate/spanish-language-newspapers-usa.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140626114455/https://www.onlinenewspapers.com/usstate/spanish-language-newspapers-usa.htm |archive-date=June 26, 2014 |access-date=August 5, 2014 |publisher=Onlinenewspapers.com}}</ref> Ng’oggyeeko abatono, empapula z’amawulire za bwannannyini, oba enjegere ennene nga [[Gannett Company|Gannett]] oba [[The McClatchy Company|McClatchy]], ezirina empapula z’amawulire amakumi oba n’ebikumi; nga bakozesa enjegere entonotono ezirina empapula entonotono; oba mu mbeera eyeeyongera okubeera etali ya bulijjo, mu bantu ssekinnoomu oba amaka. Ebibuga ebinene bitera okuba n’empapula [[z’amawulire endala]] okujjuuliriza empapula z’amawulire enkulu eza buli lunaku, gamba nga ''[[The Village Voice]]'' mu kibuga New York ne ''[[LA Weekly]]'' mu Los Angeles. Emikutu etaano egisinga okukyalibwa mu nsi yonna ye [[Google]], [[YouTube]], [[Facebook]], [[Instagram]], ne [[ChatGPT]] &#x2014; gyonna gya Amerika. Emikutu emirala egyamanyiddwa ennyo egyakozesebwa mulimu [[X (social network)|X]] (eyali Twitter) ne [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] . <ref name="alexa-topsitesus">{{Cite web |year=2021 |title=Top Sites in United States |url=https://www.alexa.com/topsites/countries/US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621221154/https://www.alexa.com/topsites/countries/US |archive-date=June 21, 2020 |access-date=October 6, 2021 |publisher=Alexa}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 9, 2026 |title=Similarweb Top Websites Ranking |url=https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/ |access-date=January 9, 2026 |website=[[Similarweb]]}}</ref> Mu 2025, Amerika ye yali ekwata ekifo ekyokubiri mu nsi yonna mu katale k'emizannyo gya vidiyo okusinziira ku nfuna (oluvannyuma lwa China). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Top countries and markets by video game revenues |url=https://newzoo.com/resources/rankings/top-10-countries-by-game-revenues |access-date=October 28, 2025 |website=Newzoo}}</ref> Mu 2015, ekitongole ky’emizannyo gya vidiyo mu Amerika kyalimu kkampuni 2,457 ezaawa abantu emirimu nga 220,000 era nga ziyingiza obuwumbi bwa ddoola 30.4. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Takahashi |first=Dean |date=February 15, 2017 |title=The U.S. game industry has 2,457 companies supporting 220,000 jobs |url=https://gamesbeat.com/the-u-s-game-industry-has-2457-companies-supporting-220000-jobs/ |access-date=July 4, 2025 |website=GamesBeat |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu California yokka mulimu abafulumya emizannyo, abagizimba, n’abakola ebyuma ebikozesebwa mu kukola emizannyo 444. <ref>{{Cite web |date=July 20, 2017 |title=California (CA) |url=https://www.theesa.com/video-game-impact-map/state/california/ |access-date=December 14, 2022 |website=ESA Impact Map |language=en-US}}</ref> Okusinziira ku [[Game Developers Conference|lukungaana lwa Game Developers Conference]] (GDC), Amerika kye kifo ekisinga okukulaakulanya emizannyo gya vidiyo, nga 58% ku [[bakola emizannyo]] mu nsi yonna baali basinziira eyo mu 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 25, 2025 |title=Number of Devs Aged 45 or Older Has Tripled Since 2015 |url=https://80.lv/articles/number-of-devs-aged-45-or-older-has-tripled-since-2015 |access-date=July 4, 2025 |website=80.lv |language=en}}</ref> [[Eddembe ly'emikutu gy'amawulire]] lyateekebwa mu kibinja kya "ekirimu ebizibu" ekitongole ekya [[Reporters Without Borders]] mu 2026, era abamanyi bakirabye nti okusengejja n'okwesengejja kwa ssekinnoomu kweyongedde nnyo mu myaka egiyise. <ref name=":32">{{Cite web |title=Index 2026 – Global score |url=https://rsf.org/en/index?year=2026 |access-date=2026-05-01 |website=[[Reporters Without Borders]] |language=en}}</ref> Amerika emanyiddwa nnyo olw’ebifo awazannyirwa katemba. Ekifo ekikulu mu Amerika kiva mu nnono ya katemba enkadde ey'Abazungu era abadde akwatibwako nnyo [[katemba w'Abangereza]]. Mu makkati g’ekyasa eky’ekkuminoomwenda, Amerika yali etonzeewo engeri empya ez’enjawulo ez’emizannyo mu [[Tom Shows]], [[Showboat|showboat theatre]] ne minstrel show.<ref>Meserve, Walter J. An Outline History of American Drama, New York: Feedback/Prospero, 1994.</ref> Ekifo ekisinga obukulu awazannyirwa katemba mu Amerika ye Theatre District mu Manhattan, ng'erina enjawulo zaayo okuli [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]], [[off-Broadway]], ne [[off-off-Broadway]]. Bangi ku [[basereebu]] ba firimu ne ttivvi bafunye empummula zabwe ennene nga bakola mu kufulumya kw'omu New York. Ebweru w’ekibuga New York, ebibuga bingi birina kkampuni za katemba ez’ekikugu ez’omu kitundu oba ez’abatuuze ezikola sizoni zaazo. Ebikolwa bya katemba ebisinga okubeera ku mbalirira biba bya nnyimba. Katemba wa Amerika alina obuwangwa bwa katemba w’ekitundu obukola.<ref>Stephen Watt, and Gary A. Richardson, ''American Drama: Colonial to Contemporary'' (1994).</ref> [[Tony Awards]] zisiima okukola obulungi mu katemba wa Broadway obutereevu era nga ziweebwa ku awaadi za mukolo ogutegekebwa buli mwaka mu [[kibuga Manhattan]] . Engule zino ziweebwa ku pulodyusoni za Broadway n’okuyimba. Ekimu era kiweebwa ku [[katemba w'ekitundu]] . <ref>Staff (undated).</ref> == Ebifaananyi n'ebisiige byayo == [[Ebifaananyi n'ebisiige ebikwata ku buuvo bw'abantu]] mu [[Colonial america|Amerika ey’abafuzi b'amatwale]] byakula okuva mu [[Workmanship|by’emikono]] mu bitundu ebyasobozesa abantu abatendekeddwa bulijjo okulaga kyebasobola ssekinnoomu. Byali bya njawulo ku nnono ya Bulaaya ey’ebifaananyi [[eby’ekika ekya waggulu]], nga byo bali bizibu nnyo okusanga era okutwalira awamu nga tebirina nnyo mugaso eri abasenze b’Abamerika abaasooka. <ref>American folk art the art of the common man in America, 1750-1900.</ref> Enteekateeka z’ebyobuwangwa mu by’emikono mu Amerika ey’amatwale okutwalira awamu zaali zisigadde mabega w’ezo ez'obugwanjuba bwa Bulaaya. Ng’ekyokulabirako, omusono ogw’omulembe ogw’omu makkati ogw’[[okukola embaawo]] [[n’okubumba]] eby’edda gwafuuka gwa mugaso nnyo mu by’emikono eby’abantu ab’omu Amerika ebyaggyangayo obuvo, wadde [[ng’emisono gy’okuzzaawo eddiini]] gyavaayo mu Bungereza ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’ekkumi n’omukaaga n’okutandika kw’ekyasa eky’ekkuminoomusanvu. Emisono emipya egy’Abangereza gyandibadde gyeyambisibwa nga bukyali okusobola okukola kinene ku by’emikono eby’abantu b’omu Amerika, naye emisono n’engeri z’Abamerika zaali zannyikira dda mu bantu n’amaanyi. Emisono tegyakoma ku kukyuka mpola mu Amerika eyasooka, naye waaliwo omuze gw’abakozi b’emikono ab’omu byalo eyo okugenda mu maaso n’engeri zaabwe ez’ennono okumala ebbanga eddene okusinga bannaabwe ab’omu bibuga era nga ng'ekiseera kyali kiwanvu nnyo okusinga ekyabo ab'omu Bugwanjuba bwa Bulaaya. Essomero lya [[Hudson River School]] lyali kibiina eky’omu makkati g’ekyasa eky’ekkuminoomwenda mu nnono y’ebifaananyi [[eby’obutonde]] bw’Abazungu . [[Omwoleso gw’eby’okulwanyisa ogwategekebwa]] mu kibuga New York mu 1913,gwali omwoleso ow’ebifaananyi [[Modern art|eby’omulembe]] eby’Abazungu, gwawuniikiriza abantu era ne gukyusa ekifo ky’ebyemikono mu Amerika. [[American Realism]] ne [[American Regionalism]] zaafuba okwefumiitiriza n’okuwa Amerika engeri empya ez’okwetunuulira. [[Georgia O'Keeffe|Georgia O’Keeffe]], [[Marsden Hartley]], n’abalala baagezesa emisono emipya era egy’omuntu ssekinnoomu, egyandimanyiddwa nga [[American modernism]] . Enteekateeka ennene ez’eby’emikono nga [[abstract expressionism]] eya [[Jackson Pollock]] ne [[Willem de Kooning]] n’enkola ya [[pop art]] eya [[Andy Warhol]] ne [[Roy Lichtenstein]] zaakulaakulana nnyo mu Amerika. Abakubi b'ebifaananyi abakulu kuliko [[Alfred Stieglitz]], [[Edward Steichen]], [[Dorothea Lange]], [[Edward Weston]], [[James Van Der Zee]], [[Ansel Adams]] ne [[Gordon Parks]] . Omuyaga [[Modernism|gw’ebyomulembe]] n’ebyaddirira oluvannyuma [[Postmodernism|lw’omulembe]] guleese ettutumu mu nsi yonna eri abakubi b’ebifaananyi ab’omu Amerika, omuli [[Frank Lloyd Wright]], [[Philip Johnson]], ne [[Frank Gehry]]. [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] mu [[Manhattan]] lye [[Art museum|kkaddiyizo ly’ebyemikono]] erisinga obunene mu Amerika <ref name="METLargestArtMuseum">{{Cite news |last=Lester |first=Alfred |date=December 6, 1993 |title=Letter: The Louvre: tourism on the grand scale |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/letter-the-louvre-tourism-on-the-grand-scale-1465736.html |access-date=December 2, 2023 |work=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> era lye [[List of largest art museums|lyokuna]] mu nsi yonna. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 30, 2017 |title=The Largest Art Museums In The World |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-largest-art-museums-in-the-world.html |website=WorldAtlas}}</ref> Ennyimba z’abantu mu Amerika ez'obuwangwa zizingiramu ebika by’ennyimba bingi, eby’enjawulo ebimanyiddwa nga ennyimba ez’ekinnansi, ennyimba z’obuwangwa, ennyimba z’abantu ez’omulembe, oba ennyimba z’obuvo. Ennyimba nnyingi ez’ennono ziyimbibwa mu ttuluba ge gamu oba mu kibiina ky’abantu okumala emirembe, era oluusi zidda mu nsibuko ng’[[ebizinga by’e Bungereza]], [[Bulaaya enkulu]], oba [[Afirika]]. <ref name="afc">{{Cite web |title=Folk Music and Song: American Folklife Center: An Illustrated Guide (Library of Congress) |url=https://www.loc.gov/folklife/guide/folkmusicandsong.html |website=Loc.gov}}</ref> Emisono gy’ennyimba naddala egy’ennyimba z’Abafirika-Abamerika gifudde ku nnyimba z'Abamerika. <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 22, 2016 |title=Musical Crossroads: African American Influence on American Music |url=https://music.si.edu/story/musical-crossroads |access-date=April 14, 2023 |website=Smithsonian}}</ref> [[Banjo]] zaaleetebwa mu Amerika nga ziyita mu kusuubula abaddu. [[Ebivvulu bya Minstrel]] okuyingiza ekivuga kino mu bikolwa byabwe era kyakiviirako okwettanirwa ennyo n’okufulumizibwa ennyo mu kyasa eky’ekkuminoomwenda. [[Electric guitar|Endongo ey’amasannyalaze]], eyasooka okuyiiyizibwa mu myaka gya 1930, era n’ekolebwa mu bungi mu myaka gya 1940, yalina kinene nnyo kye yakola ku nnyimba ezimanyiddwa ennyo, naddala [[rock and roll]] . <ref name="axe">{{Cite web |date=April 18, 2014 |title=The Invention of the Electric Guitar |url=https://invention.si.edu/invention-electric-guitar |website=Lemelson Center Studies in Invention and Innovation |publisher=Smithsonian Institution}}</ref> The [[synthesizer]], [[turntablism]], ne [[electronic music]] nabyo byakolebwa nnyo mu Amerika. Emiramwa egy'enjawulo egyaggyibwa mu bisoko by'obuwangwa bw’abantu nga [[blues]] n’ennyimba ez’edda byatwalibwa ne bifuulibwa [[ennyimba ez’ettutumu]] eri abalabi ab’ensi yonna. [[Jazz]] yakula okuva mu blues ne [[ragtime]] ku ntandikwa y'ekyasa eky'amakumi abiri, n'ekulaakulana okuva mu buyiiya n'okukwata ennyimba z'abayimbi nga [[W.C. Handy|WC Handy]] ne [[Jelly Roll Morton]] . [[Louis Armstrong]] ne [[Duke Ellington]] baayongera okwettanirwa ku dikwa y’ekyasa eky’amakumi abiri. Ennyimba eziyitibwa[[country music]] zaakyaka mu myaka gya 1920, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Stoia |first=Nicholas |date=October 21, 2014 |title=Early blues and country music |url=https://blog.oup.com/2014/10/early-blues-country-music/ |website=OUP blog |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> eza[[Bluegrass music|bluegrass]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bluegrass music |url=https://www.britannica.com/art/bluegrass-music |access-date=June 19, 2020 |website=Encyclopædia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> and [[rhythm and blues]] mu myaka gya 1940, ne rock and roll mu myaka gya 1950. <ref name="axe2">{{Cite web |date=April 18, 2014 |title=The Invention of the Electric Guitar |url=https://invention.si.edu/invention-electric-guitar |website=Lemelson Center Studies in Invention and Innovation |publisher=Smithsonian Institution}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1960, [[Bob Dylan]] yava mu [[American folk music revival|kuvumirira ennyimba ennansi]]<nowiki/>n’afuuka omu ku bawandiisi b’ennyimba abasinga okumanyika mu ggwanga. <ref>{{cite magazine|date=April 10, 2020|title=No. 1 Bob Dylan|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/interactive/lists-100-greatest-songwriters/#bob-dylan|magazine=Rolling Stone|access-date=January 29, 2021}}</ref> Ebika by’ennyimba ebya [[Punk rock|punk]] ne [[hip hop]] byombi byasibuka mu Amerika mu myaka gya 1970. Amerika y’erina [[List of largest recorded music markets|akatale k’ennyimba akasinga obunene]] mu nsi yonna, ng’omuwendo gwa ddoola obuwumbi 15.9 mu 2022, <ref>{{Cite web |title=2022 Year-End Music Industry Revenue Report |url=https://www.riaa.com/reports/2022-year-end-music-industry-revenue-report-riaa/ |access-date=November 26, 2023 |publisher=Record Industry Association of America |language=en-US}}</ref> era y’esinga okutunda ennyimba ebweru w’eggwanga. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Posada |first=Susana Pérez |date=2025-11-06 |title=Made in the USA: American artists rule Spotify at home and abroad |url=https://www.bellinghamherald.com/entertainment/article312069840.html |access-date=2026-05-28 |publisher=[[The Bellingham Herald]] |quote=America exports more music than any other country.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Savage |first=Mark |date=2021-06-16 |title=British music exports reach a record high |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-57486272 |access-date=2026-05-28 |publisher=[[BBC]] |language=en-GB |quote=According to the BPI, the UK is still the largest exporter of music in the world, after the USA [...]}}</ref> [[Record label#Major labels|Kkampuni ezisinga ezikola ddisiki]] mu nsi yonna zisangibwa mu Amerika; bakiikirirwa ekibiina ekigatta amakolero agakwata ennyimba ekya [[Recording Industry Association of America]] (RIAA). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hennessy |first=Eoin |date=March 27, 2014 |title=How American Music Took Over the World |url=https://universitytimes.ie/2014/03/how-american-music-took-over-the-world/ |access-date=April 28, 2023 |website=[[The University Times]]}}</ref> Abayimbi ba Pop mu Amerika mu makkati g’ekyasa eky’amakumi abiri, nga [[Frank Sinatra]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2015 |title=10 ways that Frank Sinatra changed the world |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/music/2015/12/08/10-ways-frank-sinatra-changed-world/76381754/ |access-date=June 24, 2021 |website=USA Today}}</ref> ne [[Elvis Presley]], <ref>{{Cite news |date=April 12, 2022 |title=Universal Music can't help falling for Elvis Presley, to manage song catalog |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-universal-music-elvis-idCAKCN2M40UH |access-date=April 12, 2022 |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> baafuuka [[Superstar|basereebu mu nsi yonna]] [[List of best-selling music artists|n’abayimbi abasinga okutunda ennyimba]], nga n’abayimbi ab’oku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’amakumi abiri, nga [[Michael Jackson]], <ref name="RIAA">{{Cite web |date=December 16, 2015 |title=Michael Jackson's 'Thriller' First Ever 30X Multi-Platinum RIAA Certification |url=https://www.riaa.com/michael-jacksons-thriller-first-ever-30x-multi-platinum-riaa-certification/ |access-date=December 17, 2021 |publisher=Recording Industry Association of America}}</ref> [[Madonna]], <ref>{{Cite news |last=Marcos |first=Carlos |date=August 17, 2022 |title=Madonna has been scandalizing people for 40 years, and nobody's going to stop her |url=https://english.elpais.com/culture/2022-08-17/madonna-has-been-scandalizing-people-for-40-years-and-nobodys-going-to-stop-her.html |access-date=August 17, 2022 |work=[[El País]]}}</ref> [[Whitney Houston]], <ref name="Rolling Stone-2023">{{cite magazine|date=January 1, 2023|title=The 200 Greatest Singers of All Time|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-lists/best-singers-all-time-1234642307/whitney-houston-11-1234643211/|magazine=Rolling Stone|access-date=January 2, 2023}}</ref> ne [[Mariah Carey]], <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mariah Carey To Receive Global Impact Award At Recording Academy Honors Presented By The Black Music Collective |url=https://grammy.com/news/mariah-carey-global-impact-award-recording-academy-honors-black-music-collective |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240202011657/https://www.grammy.com/news/mariah-carey-global-impact-award-recording-academy-honors-black-music-collective |archive-date=February 2, 2024 |access-date=February 2, 2024 |publisher=Grammy Awards}}</ref> n’aba ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa 21, nga [[Eminem]], <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 12, 2017 |title=11 Guinness World Records Eminem Still Holds |url=http://www.southpawer.com/2017/09/12/eminem-guinness-world-records |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914224707/http://www.southpawer.com/2017/09/12/eminem-guinness-world-records/ |archive-date=September 14, 2017}}</ref> [[Britney Spears]], [[Lady Gaga]], [[Katy Perry]], [[Taylor Swift]] ne [[Beyoncé]] . <ref>{{Cite news |date=September 14, 2023 |title=Taylor Swift and Beyoncé reporters wanted by biggest newspaper chain in US |url=https://news.sky.com/story/taylor-swift-and-beyonce-reporters-wanted-by-biggest-newspaper-chain-in-us-12960828 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231109015600/https://news.sky.com/story/taylor-swift-and-beyonce-reporters-wanted-by-biggest-newspaper-chain-in-us-12960828 |archive-date=November 9, 2023 |access-date=November 8, 2023 |publisher=[[Sky News]]}}</ref> == Emisono gyabwe == Amerika y’esinga akatale [[Apparel|k’engoye]] mu nsi yonna okusinziira ku nfuna. <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 19, 2024 |title=Global Apparel Industry Statistics (2024) |url=https://www.uniformmarket.com/statistics/global-apparel-industry-statistics |access-date=August 25, 2024 |website=uniformmarket.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Apart from professional [[business attire]], emisono gy’Abamerika gya njawulo era nga gisinga kuba gya mu butongole. Emirandira gy’obuwangwa egy’enjawulo egy’Abamerika gyeyolekera mu ngoye zaabwe; wabula, [[Sneaker|enkampa]], [[Jeans|jjiini]], [[T-shirts|ebiteeteeyi]], [[Baseball cap|n’enkoofiira za baseball]] kabonero ka sitayiro z’Abamerika. <ref name="AmericanClassicFashion">{{Cite web |title=American Classics How seven everyday clothing items became American style staples. |url=https://www.cnn.com/interactive/2019/01/style/american-style-classics/ |access-date=December 4, 2023 |publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref> New York, ne [[New York Fashion Week|wiiki yaayo ey'emisono]], etwalibwa ng'emu ku "Big Four" [[Fashion capital|ebibuga ebikulu eby'emisono]] mu nsi yonna, wamu ne [[Paris Fashion Week|Paris]], [[Milan Fashion Week|Milan]], ne [[London Fashion Week|London]] . Okunoonyereza kwalaga nti okutwalira awamu okubeera okumpi [[Garment District, Manhattan|n’ekitundu ky’engoye mu Manhattan]] kibadde kikwatagana n’emisono gy’Abamerika okuva lwe gyatandikibwawo ku ntandikwa y’ekyasa eky’amakumi abiri. <ref name="GarmentDistrictNYCFashionSymbolUS">{{Cite web |last=Caplin |first=John |date=September 1, 2021 |title=Made In New York: The Future Of New York City's Historic Garment District |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/johncaplan/2021/09/01/made-in-new-york-the-future-of-new-york-citys-historic-garment-district/ |access-date=December 5, 2023 |website=[[Forbes]] |quote=Spanning just about 20 square blocks between [[Times Square]] and [[Penn Station (New York)|Penn Station]] along [[Seventh Avenue (Manhattan)|Seventh Avenue]] (also known as "Fashion Avenue"), the vibrant and always-busy neighborhood has a long and rich history that has become synonymous with American fashion since its inception more than a century ago.}}</ref> [[Designer label|Abayimbi abamanyiddwa ennyo abakola engoye]] abawerako nga mu bano mulimu [[Tommy Hilfiger (company)|Tommy Hilfiger]], [[Ralph Lauren Corporation|Ralph Lauren]], [[Tom Ford (brand)|Tom Ford]] ne [[Calvin Klein (fashion house)|Calvin Klein]], ekitebe kyabwe kibeera mu [[Manhattan]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=About Calvin Klein, Inc. |url=https://www.calvinklein.us/en/about-us.html |access-date=June 8, 2025 |website=calvinklein.us |archive-date=June 8, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250608132020/https://www.calvinklein.us/en/about-us.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=About US – Polo Ralph Lauren |url=https://corporate.ralphlauren.com/our-company |access-date=June 8, 2025 |website=[[Ralph Lauren Corporation]]}}</ref> Labels cater to [[Niche market|niche markets]], gamba nga abaana abato. [[New York Fashion Week|Wiiki y’emisono mu New York]] y’emu ku mwoleso gw’emisono ogusinga amaanyi mu nsi yonna, era buli mwaka gutegekebwa emirundi ebiri mu Manhattan; <ref name="USNYCFashionWeekGlobalIndustryTonesetter">{{Cite news |last=Juarez |first=Diana |date=October 4, 2023 |title=The Economic Impact of New York Fashion Week |url=https://thefordhamram.com/93053/news/fashion-week/ |access-date=December 5, 2023 |work=The Fordham Ram}}</ref> ekivvulu kya [[Met Gala]] ekitegekebwa buli mwaka, era nga kiri mu Manhattan, kibadde kiyitibwa "ekiro ekisinga obunene mu nsi y'emisono". <ref name="MetGalaFashion'sBiggestNight1">{{Cite web |last=Bauman |first=Ali |date=May 1, 2023 |title=Met Gala 2023: Fashion's biggest night honors Karl Lagerfeld |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/newyork/news/met-gala-2023-red-carpet/ |access-date=April 30, 2024 |publisher=[[CBS News]]}}</ref> <ref name="MetGalaFashion'sBiggestNight2">{{Cite web |date=April 29, 2024 |title=Met Gala 2024: How to Watch Fashion's Biggest Night |url=https://www.glamour.com/story/met-gala-2024-how-to-watch |access-date=April 30, 2024 |publisher=[[Glamour (magazine)|Glamour]]}}</ref> == Firimu zaabwe == Ekisaawe kya firimu mu Amerika kirina [[Global Hollywood|obuyinza mu nsi yonna era kirina abagoberezi]] . [[Hollywood, Los Angeles|Hollywood]], disitulikiti eri mu masekkati ga Los Angeles, ekibuga ekyokubiri mu ggwanga mu bungi bw’abantu, nakyo [[Metonymous|kimanyiddwa nnyo]] mu mulimu gw’okukola firimu mu Amerika. <ref>{{Cite book |year=1914 |title=Annual Report of the Controller of the City of Los Angeles, California |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1VbOAAAAMAAJ&q=Hollywood+merged+with+City+of+Los+Angeles+in+1910&pg=PA193 |publisher=By[[Office controller|Office of Controller]] Los Angeles, CA (1914) |access-date=February 22, 2014}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |year=1913 |title=Report of the Auditor of the City of Los Angeles California of the Financial Affairs of the Corporation in Its Capacity as a City for the Fiscal Year |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cPo2AQAAMAAJ&q=Hollywood+merged+with+City+of+Los+Angeles+in+1910&pg=PA173 |publisher=By [[State auditor|Auditor's Office]] of Los Angeles, CA (1913) |access-date=February 22, 2014}}</ref> <ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=30707|title=Nigeria surpasses Hollywood as world's second-largest film producer|publisher=United Nations|date=May 5, 2009|access-date=February 17, 2013}}</ref> [[Major film studios|Situdiyo za firimu ennene]] mu Amerika ze zisinga okuvaamu firimu [[List of highest-grossing films|ezisinga okukola obulungi mu by’obusuubuzi]] ezisinga okutunda tikiti mu nsi yonna.   Okusinga nga yeesigamiziddwa mu kitundu ky’ekibuga New York okuva ku ntandikwa yaakyo ku nkomerero y’ekyasa eky’ekkumi n’omwenda okutuuka mu myaka egyasooka egy’ekyasa eky’amakumi abiri, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kannapell, Andrea |date=October 4, 1998 |title=Getting the Big Picture; The Film Industry Started Here and Left. Now It's Back, and the State Says the Sequel Is Huge. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/10/04/nyregion/getting-big-picture-film-industry-started-here-left-now-it-s-back-state-says.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219034718/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/10/04/nyregion/getting-big-picture-film-industry-started-here-left-now-it-s-back-state-says.html |archive-date=December 19, 2019 |access-date=January 19, 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Market Data |url=https://www.the-numbers.com/market/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515002140/https://www.the-numbers.com/market/ |archive-date=2011-05-15 |access-date=July 11, 2024 |website=The Numbers |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Amith, Dennis |date=January 1, 2011 |title=Before Hollywood There Was Fort Lee, N.J.: Early Movie Making in New Jersey (a J!-ENT DVD Review) |url=https://j-entonline.com/before-hollywood-there-was-fort-lee-n-j-early-movie-making-in-new-jersey-a-j-ent-dvd-review/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222043615/http://j-entonline.com/blu-ray-dvd-reviews/dvd-reviews-film-tv/before-hollywood-there-was-fort-lee-n-j-early-movie-making-in-new-jersey-a-j-ent-dvd-review/ |archive-date=December 22, 2019 |access-date=January 19, 2023 |publisher=J!-ENT |language=en-US |quote=When Hollywood, California, was mostly orange groves, Fort Lee, New Jersey, was a center of American film production.}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rose, Lisa |date=April 29, 2012 |title=100 years ago, Fort Lee was the first town to bask in movie magic |url=http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2012/04/100_years_ago_fort_lee_was_the.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929115649/https://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2012/04/100_years_ago_fort_lee_was_the.html |archive-date=September 29, 2018 |access-date=January 19, 2023 |publisher=[[NJ.com]] |language=en-US |quote=Back in 1912, when Hollywood had more cattle than cameras, Fort Lee was the center of the cinematic universe. Icons from the silent era like Mary Pickford, Lionel Barrymore, and Lillian Gish crossed the Hudson River via ferry to emote on Fort Lee back lots.}}</ref> okuva olwo omulimu gwa firimu mu Amerika gubadde gusinga kwesigama mu Hollywood n’ebitundu ebiriraanyewo. Wadde kiri kityo, kkampuni za firimu mu Amerika zibadde zifugibwa amaanyi g’[[okugatta ensi yonna]] mu kyasa 21, era omuwendo gwa firimu ogweyongera okukolebwa awalala. <ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/john-landis-rails-studios-theyre-659222|title=John Landis Rails Against Studios: 'They're Not in the Movie Business Anymore'|magazine=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=January 24, 2015}}</ref> Awaadi za [[Academy Awards]], ezimanyiddwa ennyo nga "the Oscars", zibadde zitegekebwa buli mwaka [[Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences]] okuva mu 1929, era [[Golden Globes]] zibadde zitegekebwa buli mwaka okuva mu January 1944. Omulimu guno gwatuuka ku ntikko mu kiseera ekitera okuyitibwa " [[Classical Hollywood cinema|Golden Age of Hollywood]] ", okuva mu kiseera ky'amaloboozi ekyasooka okutuuka ku ntandikwa y'emyaka gya 1960, <ref>{{Cite news |last=Matthews |first=Charles |date=June 3, 2011 |title=Book explores Hollywood 'Golden Age' of the 1960s-'70s |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/book-explores-hollywood-golden-age-of-the-1960s-70s/2011/02/10/AGh5xJIH_story.html |access-date=August 6, 2015 |work=The Washington Post}}</ref> nga bannakatemba ba screen nga [[John Wayne]] ne [[Marilyn Monroe]] bafuuka abantu abamanyiddwa. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Banner |first=Lois |date=August 5, 2012 |title=Marilyn Monroe, the eternal shape shifter |url=https://www.latimes.com/opinion/la-xpm-2012-aug-05-la-oe-0805-banner-marilyn-monroe-icon-biography-20120805-story.html |access-date=August 6, 2015 |work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rick |first=Jewell |date=August 8, 2008 |title=John Wayne, an American Icon |url=https://www.usc.edu/uscnews/stories/15465.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080822102812/https://www.usc.edu/uscnews/stories/15465.html |archive-date=August 22, 2008 |access-date=August 6, 2015 |publisher=University of Southern California}}</ref> Mu myaka gya 1970, " [[New Hollywood]] ", oba "Hollywood Renaissance", yannyonnyolwa firimu ezisingako obugumu ezakwatibwako ebifaananyi eby'amazima eby'Abafaransa n'Abayitale [[Aftermath of World War II|eby'ekiseera eky'oluvannyuma lw'olutalo]] . Ekyasa 21 kibadde kimanyiddwa nnyo olw’okulinnya [[kw’emikutu gy’Amerika egy’okutambuza amawulire]], egyajja okuvuganya ne sinema ez’ennono. <ref name="RE">{{Cite news |last=Seitz |first=Matt Zoller |author-link=Matt Zoller Seitz |date=April 29, 2019 |title=What's Next: Avengers, MCU, Game of Thrones, and the Content Endgame |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/mzs/avengers-mcu-and-the-content-endgame |access-date=July 21, 2021 |work=[[RogerEbert.com]] |publisher=Ebert Digital LLC}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Avery |first=Hannah |date=January 18, 2023 |title=US streaming market growth continues, despite changes in the industry |url=https://www.kantar.com/inspiration/technology/us-streaming-market-growth-continues-despite-changes-in-the-industry |access-date=April 29, 2023 |website=[[Kantar Group]]}}</ref> == Ebika by'emmere yaabwe == Abasenze abaasooka baayingizibwa mu Amerika enzaalwa emmere nga [[Turkey as food|enkoko]] [[Lumonde awusse|enzungu, amatooke]], [[Maize|kasooli]], [[Cucurbita|squash]] ne [[maple syrup]] . Ku byokulabirako ebisinga okuwangaala era ebibunye buli wamu bye bikyukakyuka mu mmere enzaaliranwa eyitibwa [[succotash]] . Abaasooka okusenga n’oluvannyuma abasenguka bino baagatta n’emmere gye baali bamanyidde ddala, gamba [[Wheat flour|ng’obuwunga bw’eŋŋaano]], <ref name="Wheat">{{Cite web |title=Wheat Info |url=https://www.wheatworld.org/wheat-info/fast-facts/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091011012758/https://www.wheatworld.org/wheat-info/fast-facts/ |archive-date=October 11, 2009 |access-date=January 15, 2015 |website=Wheatworld.org}}</ref> ennyama y’ente, n’amata, ne bakola emmere ey’enjawulo ey’Abamerika. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Traditional Indigenous Recipes |url=https://aihd.ku.edu/recipes/index.html |access-date=September 15, 2014 |publisher=American Indian Health and Diet Project}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Akenuwa |first=Ambrose |date=July 1, 2015 |title=Is the United States Still the Land of the Free and Home to the Brave? |url=https://books.apple.com/us/book/is-the-united-states-still-the-land-of-the/id1017814038 |publisher=Lulu Press |isbn=978-1-329-26112-9 |pages=92–94 |access-date=November 20, 2020}}</ref> [[New World crops|Ebirime by’ensi empya]], naddala [[Pumpkin|entangawuuzi]], kasooli, [[Potatoes|amatooke]], n’enkoko enganda ng’emmere enkulu kitundu ku mmenyu y’eggwanga egabanyizibwa ku [[Thanksgiving (United States)|lunaku lw’okwebaza]], ng’Abamerika bangi bateekateeka oba bagula emmere ey’ekinnansi okujaguza omukolo guno. [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] [[Category:Eddiini mu Buganda]] <references /> 976u7xo947j062hbxpvgepcae9e80xq 0 15015 76272 62454 2026-10-10T10:14:31Z Dr. Mulangira Mathias Kalanda 12008 added citation #WUCSU26 76272 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''H''', oba '''h''', ye nnukuta esooka [[Enjatuza|n'ennukuta ensirifu]] esooka mu nnyiriri z'Olulattini, ezikozesebwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=28 Latin Words Starting With H - Related Words |url=https://relatedwords.io/latin?starting_with=h |access-date=2026-10-10 |website=relatedwords.io}}</ref> {{Latin alfabeti}} 0nownncvspbh25bos5djj7ctn68e3wa