Wikipedia lldwiki https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plata_prinzipala MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.13 first-letter Media Speciale Discussione Utente Discussioni utente Wikipedia Discussioni Wikipedia File Discussioni file MediaWiki Discussioni MediaWiki Template Discussioni template Aiuto Discussioni aiuto Categoria Discussioni categoria TimedText TimedText talk Modulo Discussioni modulo Evento Discussioni evento 0 708 252561 17012 2026-07-30T07:48:50Z Asenoner 208 252561 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gherdëina}} L '''Lesotho''' ie n stat tl sud de l'[[Africa]]. L ie n [[entlave]] dl [[Sudafrica]]. == Geografia == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:120% width:100%;" !Stat !Capitela !Munëida !Lingac ufiziei !Spersa km² !% dla eghes !Popolazion !Densità !PIL pro capite (US$) !class=unsortable|Cherta |- |[[Lesotho]] ||[[Maseru]] || [[Loti lesothian]] || [[Lingaz sesotho|Sotho]], [[Lingaz nglëisc|Nglëisc]] || {{formatnum:30355}} |puecia |{{formatnum:1795000}} |64 |{{formatnum:2113}} || <span style="display:none">49</span>[[File:LocationLesotho.svg|120px]] |} [[Categoria:Africa]] 3fookehhh3t7ccngfhncu74193jqr0a 0 1194 252568 250958 2026-07-30T08:09:22Z Asenoner 208 252568 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Gherdëina}} {{Infobox Stat |Inuem = Republica Taliana |Inuem ufiziel = Repubblica Italiana |Capitela = {{Blason|Roma}} |Sënta guviern = |Majera zità = |Inuem inn = Il Canto degli Italiani<br />''(Ladin: "La Ciantia di Talians")' |Inn = National anthem of Italy - U.S. Navy Band (long version).ogg |Lingaz 1 = [[Talian]]^a |Lingaz 2 = |Spersa tiera = |Ega = 1,24 % |Forma de guviern = [[Republica]] [[parlament]]era [[Stat uniter|unitera]] |Presidënt = [[Sergio Mattarella]] |Prim minister = [[Giorgia Meloni]] |Ann PIB = 2020 |PIB numinel = 2106 <!--valor te miliarc--> |PIB VPC = 2610 <!--valor te miliarc--> |Munëida = [[Euro]] (€) |Cherta = EU-Italy.svg | footnote_a = <span style="font-size:100%;">L [[Lingaz tudësch|tudësch]] ie co-ufiziel te [[Südtirol]] y tl [[Friul-Unieja-Giulia]]; L [[Lingaz franzëus|franzëus]] ie co-ufiziel te la [[Val d'Aosta]]; L [[Lingaz sloven|sloven]] ie co-ufiziel te la [[provinzia de Triest]], te la [[provinzia de Gorizia]], y tl Friul-Unieja-Giulia; L [[lingaz ladin|ladin]] ie co-ufiziel te Südtirol, tl [[Trentin]] y te autri raions tl nord; L [[lingaz furlan|furlan]] ie co-ufiziel tl Friul-Unieja-Giulia; L [[lingaz sarde|sarde]] ie co-ufiziel te la [[Sardenia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.regione.sardegna.it/j/v/86?v=9&c=72&file=1997026 |title=Legge Regionale 15 ottobre 1997, n. 26 |publisher=Regione autonoma della Sardegna – Regione Autònoma de Sardigna |access-date=2022-03-28 |archive-date=2021-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226213750/http://www.regione.sardegna.it/j/v/86?v=9&c=72&file=1997026 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.regione.fvg.it/rafvg/cms/RAFVG/cultura-sport/patrimonio-culturale/comunita-linguistiche/|title=Regione Autonoma Friuli Venezia Giulia – Comunità linguistiche regionali|website=www.regione.fvg.it|access-date=2022-03-28|archive-date=2015-09-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904201140/https://www.regione.fvg.it/rafvg/cms/RAFVG/cultura-sport/patrimonio-culturale/comunita-linguistiche/|url-status=dead}}</ref></span> }}La '''Talia''' ([[Ladin gherdëina|gherdëina]] y [[badiot]]: ''Talia'', [[Ladin fascian|fascian]]: ''Tèlia'', [[ladin fodom|fodom]]: ''Italia''; [[talian]]: ''Italia'', {{IPA-it|iˈtaːlja||It-Italia.ogg}}), ufizielmënter tlameda la '''Republica Taliana'''<ref>{{cite web |title=United Nations – Change of name of country |url=http://unterm.un.org/dgaacs/unterm.nsf/c2f5f1ea9d52ce7485256dc5006e5940/a7c582eab561fa3f852573b600767fad/$FILE/Italy.pdf |website=unterm.un.org |publisher=United Nations |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003523/http://unterm.un.org/dgaacs/unterm.nsf/c2f5f1ea9d52ce7485256dc5006e5940/a7c582eab561fa3f852573b600767fad/$FILE/Italy.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |date=16 July 2003 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304003523/http://unterm.un.org/dgaacs/unterm.nsf/c2f5f1ea9d52ce7485256dc5006e5940/a7c582eab561fa3f852573b600767fad/$FILE/Italy.pdf |date=4 March 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=OFFICIAL NAMES OF THE UNITED NATIONS MEMBERSHIP |url=https://www.un.int/protocol/sites/www.un.int/files/Protocol%20and%20Liaison%20Service/officialnamesofcountries.pdf |website=un.int |publisher=[[United Nations]] |access-date=18 February 2022}}</ref> ([[talian]]: ''Repubblica Italiana'' {{IPA-it|reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna|}}) ie n paesc dl'[[Europa]] meridiunela y n cumëmber dl'[[Union europea|Union Europea]]. Posizioneda tl zënter dl [[Mer Mediterran]], iela ijuleda dal rest dl cuntinënt tres l massif dl'[[Elpes]]. Tl {{#invoke:wd|qualifier|normal+|single|P1082|P585}} ovela na populazion de {{formatnum:{{#invoke:wd|property|references|P1082}}}} persones sun na spersa de {{formatnum:{{#expr:{{#invoke:wd|property|raw|P2046}} round 1}}}}&nbsp;km². La Talia à doi [[entlave]]s sun si raion, che ie [[San Marino]] y la [[Zità dl Vatican]]. La à nce n [[extlave]] te la [[Svizra]], che ie [[Campione d'Italia]]. L cuntribut dla Talia ala zivilisazion uzidentela ie dastramb grand. La ie stata la cuna dl [[Empere roman]] y dla [[Renasciuda taliana]]. La Talia ie un di majeri atëures dla entraunides a livel internaziunel, cun si 60 milions de abitanc, fejela pert dla organisations internaziuneles plu imputrantes ([[NATO|Organisation dl Tratat de l Atlantich dl Nord]], [[Union europea|Union Europea]], [[G7|Grupa di Set]]). == Storia == ===Renascimënt=== [[File:Italy_1494.svg|thumb|left| I stac talians tl 1494]] [[File:Leonardo_self.jpg|thumb|[[Leonardo da Vinci]], simbol dl Renascimënt te la Talia.]] ===Rëni de Talia=== {{Main|Rëni de Talia}} Tl 1866 ova la Talia detlarà viera a l'[[Austria]] te na lianza cun la [[Pruscia]] y ova giatà l [[Veneto]] te la vënta. La trupes talianes fova marcedes ite a [[Roma]] tl 1870, metan fin a plu de mil ani dl guviern y pudëi dl Papa a Roma. La Talia fova deventeda pert de la [[lianza tripla]] cun l [[Mper Tudësch]] y l'[[Austria-Ungaria]] tl 1882, do na defrënzia de minonghes cun la [[Franzia]] n cont de si respetives espansions colonieles. Nce sce la relazions cun [[Berlin]] fova scialdi bones, la lianza cun [[Viena]] fova puramënter furmela, n gran pert davia che la Talia ova l nteres de giaté l [[Trentin]] y [[Triest]] da l'Austria-Ungaria. Chësc ova purtà la Talia a azeté l nvit de la [[Gran Bretania]] a se junté ai [[Aleac de la prima viera mundiela]], ajache i ti ova mpermetù plu raions a cost de l'Austria-Ungaria de cie che Viena ti ova mpermetù per si neutralità. La vënta ti ova dat ala Talia na sënta permanënta te la [[Sozietà de la Nazions]]. Tl 1922 fova [[Benito Mussolini]] deventà l prim minister de la Talia, scumencian na era dl guviern dl [[Partit Naziunel Fascist]], cunesciuda coche la "''Talia Fascista''". I fascisć talians ova metù su n [[guviern totaliter]] y scancelà la oposizion politica y nteletuela, dajan gran suport ala modernisazion economica, valores soziei tradiziunei y se ova muet plu daujin ala [[dlieja catolica]] tres i [[Tratac dl Lateran]] tl 1929 che ova furmà la [[Zità dl Vatican]] coche n stat sovran al post dl [[Stat de la Dlieja]]. Ti ani 1930 ova l guviern fascist scumencià na [[pulitica fulestiera]] plu agressiva. Pra chësta tucova na viera contra l'[[Etiopia]], scumenceda dala [[Eritrea Taliana]], che ova purtà a si [[anescion]];<ref name="fhdh">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GtCL2OYsH6wC|title=Cultural Sociology of the Middle East, Asia, and Africa: An Encyclopedia|author1=Andrea L. Stanton|author2=Edward Ramsamy|author3=Peter J. Seybolt|page=308|date=2012|access-date=6 April 2014|isbn=9781412981767|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140627193511/http://books.google.com/books?id=GtCL2OYsH6wC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|archive-date=27 June 2014|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> cunfrontazions cun la Sozietà de la Nazions che ova purtà a sanzions; n crëscer de l'autarchia economica y la firma dl [[Pat de Acel]]. La Talia fascista fova deventeda n cumëmber prinzipel de la [[Putënzes de l'ascil]] te la [[Segonda Viera Mundiela]]. Tl 1943 ova la desfata taliana-tudëscia sun plu fruntieres y la [[nvajion de la Sizilia]] da pert di [[Aleac de la segonda viera mundiela|Aleac]] purtà a la tumeda dl guviern fascist. L rë Vittorio Emmanuele III ova cumandà de śaré ite Mussolini. L nuef guviern ova firmà n armestize cui aleac de setëmber dl 1943. La forzes tudësces ova po tëut ite l nord y l zënter de la Talia, metan su la [[Republica Soziela Taliana]], n [[stat mariunëta]] menà da Mussolini y si loialisć fascisć. Chësc ova purtà a na [[viera zevila]] te la Talia cun l muvimënt de resistënza che cumbatova contra la forzes de la republica soziela y si aleac tudësc. Puech do la viera y la delibrazion dl stat, n melcuntënt te la populazion ova purtà a n [[referendum istituzionel talian dl 1946|referendum istituzionel]] sun sce la Talia dëssa resté na monarchia o deventé na republica. I talians ova tëut la dezijion de abanduné la monarchia y de furmé la Republica Taliana, che ie l stat talian de al didancuei. == Geografia == {{Location map+ |Italy |float=left |width=500 |caption=La 20 majera ziteies de la Talia|places= {{Location map~ |Italy|lat=41.9 |long=12.5 |label_size=80 |label=[[Roma]]|position=left}} {{Location map~ |Italy|lat=45.47|long= 9.18|label_size=80 |label=[[Milan]]|position=bottom}} {{Location map~ |Italy|lat=40.84|long=14.26|label_size=80 |label=[[Napoli]]|position=left}} {{Location map~ |Italy|lat=45.08|long= 7.68|label_size=80 |label=[[Turin]]|position=top}} {{Location map~ |Italy|lat=38.12|long=13.37|label_size=80 |label=[[Palermo]]|position=top}} {{Location map~ |Italy|lat=44.41|long= 8.93|label_size=80 |label=[[Genova]]|position=bottom}} {{Location map~ |Italy|lat=44.51|long=11.35|label_size=80 |label=[[Bologna]]|position=bottom}} {{Location map~ |Italy|lat=43.78|long=11.25|label_size=80 |label=[[Firënza]]|position=bottom}} {{Location map~ |Italy|lat=41.12|long=16.87|label_size=80 |label=[[Bari]]|position=right}} {{Location map~ |Italy|lat=37.5 |long=15.1 |label_size=80 |label=[[Catania]]|position=right}} {{Location map~ |Italy|lat=45.44|long=12.34|label_size=80 |label=[[Unieja]]|position=right}} {{Location map~ |Italy|lat=45.43|long=10.98|label_size=80 |label=[[Verona]]|position=top}} {{Location map~ |Italy|lat=38.18|long=15.55|label_size=80 |label=[[Messina]]|position=top}} {{Location map~ |Italy|lat=45.42|long=11.87|label_size=80 |label=[[Padua]]|position=top}} {{Location map~ |Italy|lat=45.63|long=13.8 |label_size=80 |label=[[Triest]]|position=right}} {{Location map~ |Italy|lat=45.54|long=10.22|label_size=80 |label=[[Brescia]]|position=top}} {{Location map~ |Italy|lat=40.47|long=17.23|label_size=80 |label=[[Taranto]]|position=right}} {{Location map~ |Italy|lat=44.8 |long=10.33|label_size=80 |label=[[Parma]]|position=left}} {{Location map~ |Italy|lat=43.88|long=11.1 |label_size=80 |label=[[Prato]]|position=left}} {{Location map~ |Italy|lat=44.65|long=10.93|label_size=80 |label=[[Modena]]|position=top}}}} {{clear}} == Economia == [[File:Milan_skyline_skyscrapers_of_Porta_Nuova_business_district.jpg|thumb|[[Milan]] ie n zënter de la finanza de mpurtanza globala y un di majeri zëntri de la moda al mond.]] ==Demografia== ===Rujenedes=== {{prinzipel|Lingaz talian}} La rujeneda ufiziela de la Talia ie l [[lingaz talian|talian]], sciche ie detlarà te la lege numer 482/1999<ref name="lang">{{cite web |title=Legge 15 Dicembre 1999, n. 482 "Norme in materia di tutela delle minoranze linguistiche storiche" pubblicata nella Gazzetta Ufficiale n. 297 del 20 dicembre 1999 |url=http://www.camera.it/parlam/leggi/99482l.htm |publisher=[[Italian Parliament]] |access-date=2 December 2014|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512051856/http://www.camera.it/parlam/leggi/99482l.htm |archive-date=12 May 2015}}</ref> y tl statut speziel dl [[Trentin-Südtirol]],<ref>Statuto Speciale per il Trentino-Alto Adige, Art. 99</ref> che ie stat adotà te na [[lege costituzionela]]. L talian ie n [[lingaz romanz]] de la [[familia de lingac indoeuropeics]] che se à evolù dal [[latin vulgher]] dl [[Mper Roman]]. Adum cul [[lingaz sarde]] ie l talian la rujeneda che se à mudà l mancul dal [[latin]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Romance-languages |title=Romance languages |encyclopaedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=19 February 2017 |quote=...if the Romance languages are compared with Latin, it is seen that by most measures Sardinian and Italian are least differentiated...}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yFfvAgAAQBAJ&dq=Italian+most+direct+descendant+of+Latin&pg=PA34|title=The peoples of Europe|isbn=9781176926981|last1=Fleure|first1=H. J.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q2MUAAAAIAAJ&q=Italian+most+direct+descendant+of+Latin|title=Hermathena|year=1942}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yVPdDwAAQBAJ&dq=Italian+most+direct+descendant+of+Latin&pg=PA34|title=Historical Linguistics: A cognitive grammar introduction|isbn=9789027261236|last1=Winters|first1=Margaret E.|date=8 May 2020}}</ref> L vën rujenà da ntëur a 85 milions de persones (tl 2022) y ie na rujeneda ufiziela nce te la [[Svizra]] (tl [[Tessin]] y tl [[Grijon]]), a [[San Marino]] y te la [[Zità dl Vatican]]. Na gran pert de la jënt che rejona l talian sa da rujené doi rujenedes, l talian (standard o te na variazion raionela) y una de la rujenedes talianes dl post, suënz rujenedes a cësa ulache i ie cresciui su.<ref name=e25>{{cite web |url = https://www.ethnologue.com/25/language/ita |title=Talian pra l Ethnologue |type=report |date= juni 2012 |publisher= [[Cumiscion Europea]] |access-date=24 lugio 2015 |url-status=|archive-url= |archive-date=}}</ref> Da tenì cont iel che rujenedes sciche l [[lingaz sarde|sarde]], l [[lingaz napoletan|napoletan]] o l [[lingaz veneto|veneto]] ne vën te la linguistica nia ududes coche dialec dl talian ma plutosc coche rujenedes desfrëntes. L talian ie una de la majera rujenedes de l'[[Europa]], la ie una de la rujenedes ufizieles de la [[Organisazion per Segurëza y Cooperazion te l'Europa]] y una de la rujenedes de lëur dl [[Cunsëi d'Europa]]. La ie la segonda majera rujeneda de l'oma te l'[[Union Europa]] cun 67 milions persones (15% de la populazion de la UE) y la ie la segonda rujeneda de 13,4 milions de zitadins de la UE (3%).<ref name="forbes">{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davekeating/2020/02/06/despite-brexit-english-remains-the-eus-most-spoken-language-by-far/|title=Despite Brexit, English Remains The EU's Most Spoken Language By Far|last=Keating|first=Dave|website=Forbes|language=en|access-date=7 February 2020}}</ref><ref name="europa2012">[http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_386_en.pdf Europeans and their Languages] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106183351/http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_386_en.pdf |date= 6 January 2016 }}, [http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_386_anx_en.pdf Data for EU27], published in 2012.</ref> L talian ie la rujeneda prinzipela de la [[Santa Sënta]] y la [[lingua franca]] te la gerarchia de la [[dlieja catolica]]. La ie nce la rujeneda ufiziela dl [[Orden Sovran Militer de Malta]]. L talian vën adurvà scialdi te la [[terminologia de mujiga]] y [[opera]] cun n gran numer de paroles talianes che fej referimënt ala mujiga che ie deventedes paroles nternaziuneles adurvedes te autra rujenedes ntëur al mond. L talian fova stat fat la rujeneda ufiziela dl stat do l'[[unificazion de la Talia]], ulache dant fovela mé na [[rujeneda leterera]] baseda sui [[dialec toscans]] se basan sun coche rujenova la tlas auta de la sozietà de [[Firënza]].<ref>[http://www.italian-language-study.com/italian-language/modern-italian.htm] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091003014156/http://www.italian-language-study.com/italian-language/modern-italian.htm|date=3 October 2009}}</ref> Belau duta la paroles natives tl talian fina cun na [[vocala]] y l talian à n sistem de set vocales ('e' y 'o' à n tonn mez-aut y mez-bas). L talian desferenzieia danter consonantes longes y curtes y geminazion (dublië) de la consonantes. == Pulitica == === Spartizion aministrativa === La Talia ie spartida su te 20 regions. Chëstes ie i ënc aministratifs che ie sëura la provinzies y sota l guviern. ===Lista de la regions=== {{prinzipel|Regions de la Talia}} Chësta ie na tabela che mostra le regions te la Talia ai 1 de jené 2020. {| class="wikitable sortable" width=70% border=1 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 style="margin-left:0.5em; margin-bottom:0.5em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;" ! width="18%" | Region ! width="4%" | Capitela ! width="7%" | Populazion (ab.) ! width="7%" | Seuraspersa (km²) ! width="7%" | Densità (ab./km²) ! width="53%" | provinzies y ziteies metropolitanes<ref>la ziteies metropolitanes ie te cursif.</ref> ! width="4%" | Chemuns |- | '''{{IT-LOM}}''' | align=center|{{blason|Milan}} | align=right|{{formatnum:10027602}} | align=right|{{formatnum:23863}} | align="right" |420 | align=left|[[Provinzia de Bergamo|Bergamo]], [[Provinzia de Brescia|Brescia]], [[Provinzia de Como|Como]], [[Provinzia de Cremona|Cremona]], [[Provinzia de Lecco|Lecco]], [[Provinzia de Lodi|Lodi]], [[Provinzia de Mantua|Mantua]], ''[[Zità metropolitana de Milan|Milan]]'', [[Provinzia de Monza y Brianza|Monza y Brianza]], [[Provinzia de Pavia|Pavia]], [[Provinzia de Sondrio|Sondrio]], [[Provinzia de Varese|Varese]] | align=right|{{formatnum:1506}} |- | '''{{IT-LAZ}}''' | align=center|{{blason|Roma}} | align=right|{{formatnum:5755700}} | align=right|{{formatnum:17232}} | align=right|334 | align=left|[[Provinzia de Frosinone|Frosinone]], [[Provinzia de Latina|Latina]], [[Provinzia de Rieti|Rieti]], ''[[Zità metropolitana de Roma|Roma]]'', [[Provinzia de Viterbo|Viterbo]] | align=right|378 |- | '''{{IT-CAM}}''' | align=center|{{blason|Napoli}} | align=right|{{formatnum:5712143}} | align=right|{{formatnum:13671}} | align="right" |418 | align=left|[[Provinzia de Avellino|Avellino]], [[Provinzia de Benevento|Benevento]], [[Provinzia de Caserta|Caserta]], ''[[Zità metropolitana de Napoli|Napoli]]'', [[Provinzia de Salerno|Salerno]] | align=right|550 |- | '''{{IT-VEN}}''' | align=center|{{blason|Unieja}} | align=right|{{formatnum:4879133}} | align=right|{{formatnum:18345}} | align="right" |266 | align=left|[[Provinzia de Belum|Belum]], [[Provinzia de Padua|Padua]], [[Provinzia de Rovigo|Rovigo]], [[Provinzia de Treviso|Treviso]], ''[[Zità metropolitana de Unieja|Unieja]]'', [[Provinzia de Verona|Verona]], [[Provinzia de Vicenza|Vicenza]] | align=right|563 |- | '''{{IT-SIC}}''' | align=center|{{blason|Palermo}} | align=right|{{formatnum:4875290}} | align=right|{{formatnum:25832}} | align=right|189 | align=left|[[Provinzia de Agrigento|Agrigento]], [[Provinzia de Caltanissetta|Caltanissetta]], ''[[Zità metropolitana de Catania|Catania]]'', [[Provinzia de Enna|Enna]], ''[[Zità metropolitana de Messina|Messina]]'', ''[[Zità metropolitana de Palermo|Palermo]]'', [[Provinzia de Ragusa|Ragusa]], [[Provinzia de Siracusa|Siracusa]], [[Provinzia de Trapani|Trapani]] | align=right|390 |- | '''{{IT-EMR}}''' | align=center|{{blason|Bologna}} | align=right|{{formatnum:4464119}} | align=right|{{formatnum:22453}} | align="right" |199 | align=left|''[[Zità metropolitana de Bologna|Bologna]]'', [[Provinzia de Ferrara|Ferrara]], [[Provinzia de Forlì-Cesena|Forlì-Cesena]], [[Provinzia de Modena|Modena]], [[Provinzia de Parma|Parma]], [[Provinzia de Piacenza|Piacenza]], [[Provinzia de Ravenna|Ravenna]], [[Provinzia de Reggio Emilia|Reggio Emilia]], [[Provinzia de Rimini|Rimini]] | align=right|328 |- | '''{{IT-PMN}}''' | align=center|{{blason|Turin}} | align=right|{{formatnum:4311217}} | align=right|{{formatnum:25387}} | align=right|170 | align=left|[[Provinzia de Alessandria|Alessandria]], [[Provinzia de Asti|Asti]], [[Provinzia de Biella|Biella]], [[Provinzia de Cuneo|Cuneo]], [[Provinzia de Novara|Novara]], ''[[Zità metropolitana de Turin|Turin]]'', [[Provinzia de Verbano-Cusio-Ossola|Verbano-Cusio-Ossola]], [[Provinzia de Vercelli|Vercelli]] | align=right|{{formatnum:1181}} |- | '''{{IT-PUG}}''' | align=center|{{blason|Bari}} | align=right|{{formatnum:3953305}} | align=right|{{formatnum:19541}} | align=right|206 | align=left|''[[Zità metropolitana de Bari|Bari]]'', [[Provinzia de Barletta-Andria-Trani|Barletta-Andria-Trani]], [[Provinzia de Brindisi|Brindisi]], [[Provinzia de Lecce|Lecce]], [[Provinzia de Foggia|Foggia]], [[Provinzia de Taranto|Taranto]] | align=right|257 |- | '''{{IT-TOS}}''' | align=center|{{blason|Firënza}} | align=right|{{formatnum:3692555}} | align=right|{{formatnum:22987}} | align=right|162 | align=left|[[Provinzia de Arezzo|Arezzo]], ''[[Zità metropolitana de Firënza|Firënza]]'', [[Provinzia de Grosseto|Grosseto]], [[Provinzia de Livorno|Livorno]], [[Provinzia de Lucca|Lucca]], [[Provinzia de Massa y Carrara|Massa y Carrara]], [[Provinzia de Pisa|Pisa]], [[Provinzia de Pistoia|Pistoia]], [[Provinzia de Prato|Prato]], [[Provinzia de Siena|Siena]] | align=right|273 |- | '''{{IT-CAL}}''' | align=center|{{blason|Catanzaro}} | align=right|{{formatnum:1894110}} | align=right|{{formatnum:15221}} | align=right|128 | align=left|[[Provinzia de Catanzaro|Catanzaro]], [[Provinzia de Cosenza|Cosenza]], [[Provinzia de Crotone|Crotone]], ''[[Zità metropolitana de Reggio Calabria|Reggio Calabria]]'', [[Provinzia de Vibo Valentia|Vibo Valentia]] | align=right|404 |- | '''{{IT-SAR}}''' | align=center|{{blason|Cagliari}} | align=right|{{formatnum:1611621}} | align=right|{{formatnum:24100}} | align=right|68 | align=left|''[[Zità metropolitana de Cagliari|Cagliari]]'', [[Provinzia de Sud Sardenia|Sud Sardenia]], [[Provinzia de Nuoro|Nuoro]], [[Provinzia de Oristano|Oristano]], ''[[Zità metropolitana de Sassari|Sassari]]'' | align=right|377 |- | '''{{IT-LIG}}''' | align=center|{{blason|Genova}} | align=right|{{formatnum:1524826}} | align=right|{{formatnum:5416}} | align="right" |282 | align=left|''[[Zità metropolitana de Genova|Genova]]'', [[Provinzia de Imperia|Imperia]], [[Provinzia de La Spezia|La Spezia]], [[Provinzia de Savona|Savona]] | align=right|234 |- | '''{{IT-MAR}}''' | align=center|{{blason|Ancona}} | align=right|{{formatnum:1513672}} | align=right|{{formatnum:9427}} | align=right|160 | align=left|[[Provinzia de Ancona|Ancona]], [[Provinzia de Ascoli Piceno|Ascoli Piceno]], [[Provinzia de Fermo|Fermo]], [[Provinzia de Macerata|Macerata]], [[Provinzia de Pesaro y Urbino|Pesaro y Urbino]] | align=right|228 |- | '''{{IT-ABR}}''' | align=center|{{blason|L'Aquila}} | align=right|{{formatnum:1293941}} | align=right|{{formatnum:10831}} | align=right|119 | align=left|[[Provinzia de Chieti|Chieti]], [[Provinzia de L'Aquila|L'Aquila]], [[Provinzia de Pescara|Pescara]], [[Provinzia de Teramo|Teramo]] | align=right|305 |- | '''{{IT-FVG}}''' | align=center|{{blason|Triest}} | align=right|{{formatnum:1206216}} | align=right|{{formatnum:7924}} | align=right|152 | align=left|[[Provinzia de Gorizia|Gorizia]], [[Provinzia de Pordenone|Pordenone]], [[Provinzia de Triest|Triest]], [[Provinzia de Udin|Udin]] | align=right|282 |- | '''{{IT-TST}}''' | align=center|{{blason|Trënt}} | align=right|{{formatnum:1078069}} | align=right|{{formatnum:13616}} | align=right|79 | align=left|[[Südtirol|Bulsan]], [[Trentin|Trënt]] | align=right|215 |- | '''{{IT-UMB}}''' | align=center|{{blason|Perugia}} | align=right|{{formatnum:870165}} | align=right|{{formatnum:8464}} | align=right|103 | align=left|[[Provinzia de Perugia|Perugia]], [[Provinzia de Terni|Terni]] | align=right|92 |- | '''{{IT-BAS}}''' | align=center|{{blason|Potenza|text=[[Potenza (zità)|Potenza]]}} | align=right|{{formatnum:553254}} | align=right|{{formatnum:10073}} | align=right|55 | align=left|[[Provinzia de Matera|Matera]], [[Provinzia de Potenza|Potenza]] | align=right|131 |- | '''{{IT-MOL}}''' | align=center|{{blason|Campobasso}} | align=right|{{formatnum:300516}} | align=right|{{formatnum:4460}} | align=right|67 | align=left|[[Provinzia de Campobasso|Campobasso]], [[Provinzia de Isernia|Isernia]] | align=right|136 |- | '''{{IT-VAO}}''' | align=center|{{blason|Aosta}} | align=right|{{formatnum:125034}} | align=right|{{formatnum:3261}} | align=right|38 | align=left|''deguna''<ref>Te la Val d'Aosta ie la region y la provinzia la medema, perchël ne dal deguna aministrazion provinziela.</ref> | align=right|74 |- ! align=left| '''{{ITA}}''' ! align=center|Roma ! align=right|'''{{formatnum:59641488}}''' ! align=right|'''{{formatnum:302121}}''' ! align=right|'''197''' ! align=right|'''107''' ! align=right|'''7903''' |} ===Ziteies=== {{prinzipel|Lista de la majera ziteies te la Talia}} La majera zità de la Talia ie [[Roma]] che tl 2018 ova {{formatnum:2837332}} abitanc tl chemun. La segonda majera ie [[Milan]] cun {{formatnum:1396059}} abitanc tl chemun. Sce n cëla al raion metropolitan, po ie chël de Milan l majer de la Talia cun plu de 8 milions de abitanc (depënd da ulache n mët i cunfins), ntant sce l raion metropolitan de Roma à danter 4 y 5 milions de abitanc. Chësc ne ie nia da giamië cun la [[zità metropolitana de Milan]], che ie n ënt aministratif y ie mëndra de la [[zità metropolitana de Roma]].<br> La 10 majera ziteies de la Talia ie: {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;" !Posizion !Zità !Populazion 2011 !Populazion 2019 !Mudazion !Region |- | align="center" | 1 || align="left" |[[Roma]]|| {{change|2617175|2837332}} | align="left" |{{IT-LAZ}} |- | align="center" | 2 || align="left" |[[Milan]]|| {{change|1242123|1396059}} | align="left" |{{IT-LOM}} |- | align="center" | 3 || align="left" |[[Napoli]]|| {{change|962003|962589}} | align="left" |{{IT-CAM}} |- | align="center" | 4 || align="left" |[[Turin]]|| {{change|872367|870952}} | align="left" |{{IT-PMN}} |- | align="center" | 5 || align="left" |[[Palermo]]|| {{change|657651|657960}} | align="left" |{{IT-SIC}} |- | align="center" | 6 || align="left" |[[Genova]]|| {{change|586180|574090}} | align="left" |{{IT-LIG}} |- | align="center" | 7 || align="left" |[[Bologna]]|| {{change|371337|390625}} | align="left" |{{IT-EMR}} |- | align="center" | 8 || align="left" |[[Firënza]]|| {{change|358079|372038}} | align="left" |{{IT-TOS}} |- | align="center" | 9 || align="left" |[[Bari]]|| {{change|315933|322316}} | align="left" |{{IT-PUG}} |- | align="center" | 10 || align="left" |[[Catania]]|| {{change|293902|311402}} | align="left" |{{IT-SIC}} |} ==Galaria== {{Gallery |title=La 20 majera ziteies de la Talia |width=240 |height=160 |align=center |File:Rome Skyline (8012016319).jpg|1. [[Roma]], [[Lazio]] |File:Full Milan skyline from Duomo roof.jpg|2. [[Milan]], [[Lombardia]] |File:Naples from the Castello Sant Elmo with Abbazia San Martino the port and the Vesuv.jpg|3. [[Napoli]], [[Campania]] |File:Turin monte cappuccini.jpg|4. [[Turin]], [[Piemont]] |File:Palermo02 flickr.jpg|5. [[Palermo]], [[Sizilia]] |File:Genova da Palazzo Rosso 01.JPG|6. [[Genova]], [[Liguria]] |File:Bologna seen from Asinelli tower.jpg|7. [[Bologna]], [[Emilia-Romagna]] |File:Sunset over florence 1.jpg|8. [[Firënza]], [[Toscana]] |File:The port of Bari, Italy (L. Massoptier).jpg|9. [[Bari]], [[Puglia]] |File:Sicilia - Catania dall'alto.jpg|10. [[Catania]], [[Sizilia]] |File:20110720 Verona 3078.jpg|11. [[Verona]], [[Veneto]] |File:Piazza San Marco (dal mare).jpg|12. [[Unieja]], [[Veneto]]|File:Messina 2003.JPG|13. [[Messina]], [[Sizilia]] |File:Padova, prato della valle, santa giustina.JPG|14. [[Padua]], [[Veneto]] |File:Piazza Unità d’Italia.jpg|15. [[Triest]], [[Friul-Unieja-Giulia]] |File:Brescia from above with the Duomo and the Torre del Popolo.jpg|16. [[Brescia]], [[Lombardia]] |File:Castello Aragonese(Taranto).JPG|17. [[Taranto]], [[Puglia]] |File:Piazza Garibaldi a Parma.jpg|18. [[Parma]], [[Emilia-Romagna]] |File:Panorama_di_Prato_Dal_Cupolin_degli_Ori_2.jpg|19. [[Prato]], [[Toscana]] |File:La Piazza Grande di Modena.JPG|20. [[Modena]], [[Emilia-Romagna]] }} == Referënzes == <references /> {{Europa}} [[Categoria:Talia]] [[Categoria:Stac dl'Europa]] [[Categoria:Union européa]] rv8y2hfi7ap67jv8xau9sw7cp3wnoya 0 2437 252562 245976 2026-07-30T07:49:52Z Asenoner 208 252562 wikitext text/x-wiki {{gherdëina}}[[File:Latin alphabet E with umlaut.svg|destra|310x310px]] '''Ë''' (''e cun trema'') ie n [[pustom]] dl [[alfabet latin]], adurvà nce per l [[alfbet ladin]]. Ël reprejënta i sonns [æ] (per [[Ladin gherdëina|gherdëina]]), [ɐ] (per [[Ladin badiot|badiot]]) y [ɑ] (per [[Ladin fodom|fedom]])<ref>[[Paul Videsott]], Ruth Videsott, Jan Casalicchio, ''Manuale di linguistica ladina'', Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG p. 22</ref><ref>Paul Videsott, Ruth Videsott, Jan Casalicchio, ''Manuale di linguistica ladina'', Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG p. 23</ref>. == Ejëmpli == * ''Gherdëina'' (/gǝʁˈdæi̯na/) <small>per gherdëina</small> * ''Sëch'' (/sɐk/) <small>per badiot</small> *Sëch (/sɑk/) <small>per fodom</small> == Notes == <references /> [[Categoria:Ladinia]] [[Categoria:Lingaz ladin]] 0gusqfdb8q9bthj8lm1d436fzqa9brr 0 7115 252565 246538 2026-07-30T08:04:41Z Asenoner 208 252565 wikitext text/x-wiki {{gherdëina}}{{Infobox comun talian |Inom luech = <big>Padua</big><br>''Padova ([[lingaz talian|it]])'' |Foto = Padua_-_Prato_della_Valle.jpg |Blason = |Comun = Padua |Region = {{IT-VEN}} |Provinzia = {{IT-PD}} |Ombolt = |Onn ombolt = |Cherta localisazion = {{Mappa di localizzazione |ITA |label = Padua |latitudineGradi = 45 |latitudinePrimi = 24 |longitudineGradi = 11 |longitudinePrimi = 53 |position = right |width = 300 |float = center }} }}'''Padua''' ([[talian]]: ''Padova'') ie na [[zità]] [[talia]]na y la capitela de la [[provinzia de Padua]] tl [[Veneto]]. Ai {{#invoke:wd|qualifier|normal+|single|P1082|P585}} ovela na populazion de {{formatnum:{{#invoke:wd|property|references|P1082}}}} persones sun na spersa de {{formatnum:{{#expr:{{#invoke:wd|property|raw|P2046}} round 1}}}}&nbsp;km². == Storia== ==Geografia== ==Referënzes== <references/> [[Categoria:Chemuns dl Veneto]] [[Categoria:Chemuns de la Talia]] pug3z5374sc00ehecus3thng7n61iwr 0 13527 252569 249842 2026-07-30T08:11:46Z Asenoner 208 252569 wikitext text/x-wiki {{gherdëina}}{{Infobox_chemun_Germania |Foto = |Inuem luech = Büsingen am Hochrhein |Stat federal = {{DE-BW}} |Landkreis = [[Landkreis Konstanz]] |Fundazion = |Cherta = {{Mappa di localizzazione |DEU |label = Büsingen am Hochrhein |latitudineGradi = 47 |latitudinePrimi = 42 |longitudineGradi = 8 |longitudinePrimi = 41 |position = top |width = 300 |float = center |relief = yes }} |}}'''Büsingen am Hochrhein''' ie n [[chemun]] te la [[Germania]] tl [[Landkreis Konstanz]] dl [[Stac federei de la Germania|stat federel]] [[Baden-Württemberg]]. Ai {{#invoke:wd|qualifier|normal+|single|P1082|P585}} ovel chemun na populazion de {{formatnum:{{#invoke:wd|property|references|P1082}}}} persones sun na spersa de {{formatnum:{{#expr:{{#invoke:wd|property|raw|P2046}} round 1}}}}&nbsp;km². L ie n [[extlave]] de la Germania y dl Baden-Württemberg che ie te la Svizra, cie che ne'n fej n [[entlave]] de la [[Svizra]]. L cunfina cun i [[Ciantons de la Svizra|ciantons svizri]] de [[Cianton de Schaffhausen|Schaffhausen]], [[Cianton de Zurich|Zurich]] y [[Cianton de Thurgau |Thurgau]]. ==Geografia== ==Storia== ==Referënzes== <references/> [[Categoria:Chemuns dl Baden-Württemberg]] [[Categoria:Chemuns de la Germania]] 4hlnocp7bj1mhe6eg569b8nuqi8e6hg 252570 252569 2026-07-30T08:11:58Z Asenoner 208 252570 wikitext text/x-wiki {{gherdëina}}{{Infobox_chemun_Germania |Foto = |Inuem luech = Büsingen am Hochrhein |Stat federal = {{DE-BW}} |Landkreis = [[Landkreis Konstanz]] |Fundazion = |Cherta = {{Mappa di localizzazione |DEU |label = Büsingen am Hochrhein |latitudineGradi = 47 |latitudinePrimi = 42 |longitudineGradi = 8 |longitudinePrimi = 41 |position = top |width = 300 |float = center |relief = yes }} |}}'''Büsingen am Hochrhein''' ie n [[chemun]] te la [[Germania]] tl [[Landkreis Konstanz]] dl [[Stac federei de la Germania|stat federel]] [[Baden-Württemberg]]. Ai {{#invoke:wd|qualifier|normal+|single|P1082|P585}} ova l chemun na populazion de {{formatnum:{{#invoke:wd|property|references|P1082}}}} persones sun na spersa de {{formatnum:{{#expr:{{#invoke:wd|property|raw|P2046}} round 1}}}}&nbsp;km². L ie n [[extlave]] de la Germania y dl Baden-Württemberg che ie te la Svizra, cie che ne'n fej n [[entlave]] de la [[Svizra]]. L cunfina cun i [[Ciantons de la Svizra|ciantons svizri]] de [[Cianton de Schaffhausen|Schaffhausen]], [[Cianton de Zurich|Zurich]] y [[Cianton de Thurgau |Thurgau]]. ==Geografia== ==Storia== ==Referënzes== <references/> [[Categoria:Chemuns dl Baden-Württemberg]] [[Categoria:Chemuns de la Germania]] qb0usnar7qw7odl5k5vy5phzws3jcjy 252571 252570 2026-07-30T08:12:40Z Asenoner 208 252571 wikitext text/x-wiki {{gherdëina}}{{Infobox_chemun_Germania |Foto = |Inuem luech = Büsingen am Hochrhein |Stat federal = {{DE-BW}} |Landkreis = [[Landkreis Konstanz]] |Fundazion = |Cherta = {{Mappa di localizzazione |DEU |label = Büsingen am Hochrhein |latitudineGradi = 47 |latitudinePrimi = 42 |longitudineGradi = 8 |longitudinePrimi = 41 |position = top |width = 300 |float = center |relief = yes }} |}}'''Büsingen am Hochrhein''' ie n [[chemun]] te la [[Germania]] tl [[Landkreis Konstanz]] dl [[Stac federei de la Germania|stat federel]] [[Baden-Württemberg]]. Ai {{#invoke:wd|qualifier|normal+|single|P1082|P585}} ova l chemun na populazion de {{formatnum:{{#invoke:wd|property|references|P1082}}}} persones sun na spersa de {{formatnum:{{#expr:{{#invoke:wd|property|raw|P2046}} round 1}}}}&nbsp;km². L ie n [[extlave]] de la Germania y dl Baden-Württemberg che ie te la [[Svizra]], cie che ne'n fej n [[entlave]] de la Svizra. L cunfina cun i [[Ciantons de la Svizra|ciantons svizri]] de [[Cianton de Schaffhausen|Schaffhausen]], [[Cianton de Zurich|Zurich]] y [[Cianton de Thurgau|Thurgau]]. ==Geografia== ==Storia== ==Referënzes== <references/> [[Categoria:Chemuns dl Baden-Württemberg]] [[Categoria:Chemuns de la Germania]] jvobv63lsuacie6joxkn3qebgl9xzsq 0 192189 252559 251122 2026-07-30T07:42:53Z Asenoner 208 252559 wikitext text/x-wiki {{gherdëina}} N '''entlave''' ie n raion che ie ncertlà ite da n raion de n auter stat o entità. N entlave po vester n raion ndependënt o na pert de n auter, majer stat.<ref name="Raton">{{cite journal |last=Raton |first=Pierre |title=Les enclaves |journal= Annuaire Français de Droit International |year=1958 |volume= 4 |page= 186 |doi=10.3406/afdi.1958.1373 }}</ref> La parola ''entlave'' vën datrai adurveda fauz per rujené de n raion che ie mé per na pert ncertlà ite da n auter stat.<ref name="Raton" /> N entlave che ne fej nia pert de n majer stat ne ie nia n extlave. Al mond dal trëi stac de chësta sort: [[Lesotho]] (n entlave de l'[[Africa dl Sud]]), [[San Marino]] y la [[Zità de Vatican]] (tramedoi n entlave de la [[Talia]]). N '''extlave''' ie na porzion de n stat che ie geograficamënter spartì da la pert prinzipela dl stat, ncertlà ite da n auter stat.<ref name=Websters_p497>{{cite dictionary |article=Exclave |title=Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language |year=1989 |page=497}}</ref> N grum de extlaves ie nce entlaves, ma n extlave che ie ncertlà ite dal raion de plu de un n stat ne ie nia n entlave.<ref name="YRY">{{cite journal |title=The concepts of enclave and exclave and their use in the political and geographical characteristic of the Kaliningrad region |journal=Baltic Region |volume=2 |year=2013 |first=Yuri |last= Rozhkov-Yuryevsky |doi= 10.5922/2079-8555-2013-2-11 |number= 2 |pages=113–123 |doi-access=free }}</ref> [[Republica Autonoma de Nakhchivan|Nakhchivan]] ie n ejëmpl de n extlave dl Aserbaigian che ne ie nia n entlave, ajache l cunfina cun l'[[Armenia]], l [[Iran]] y la [[Turchia]]. ==Referënzes== <references/> 9rcp0nh5iw9qc1oycicy3s29l5wc8u4 252563 252559 2026-07-30T07:56:21Z Asenoner 208 252563 wikitext text/x-wiki {{gherdëina}} {{Multiple image <!-- Essential parameters --> | align = right<!-- left/right/center --> | direction = vertical<!-- horizontal/vertical --> | width = 300<!-- Digits only; no "px" suffix, please --> <!-- Image 1 --> | image1 = Enclave exclave diagram.svg<!-- Filename only; no "File:" or "Image:" prefix, please --> | width1 = | alt1 = | caption1 = Te chësc dessëni ie plu raions (stac, chemuns, provinzies, y nsci inant) raprejentei da [[culëur]]es desfrënc. Tòc destachei dl medemo raion ie raprejentei dal medemo culëur, cun n auter numer metù leprò a uni mëndra pert de chël raion (l tòch prinzipiel ie mé raprejentà da n [[pustom]]). * {{color box|#f3a7b5}} A: ** A à 4 '''extlaves''' (A2, A3, A4, and A5) y un n '''semi-extlave''' (A1): l ne ie nia puscibl de jì dala pert prinzipiela de A a una de chësta pertes jan mé tres l raion de A; purempò: : *** A1 y A2 ne ie nia '''entlaves''': degun di doi ie ncertlà ite da un n raion "furest"; *** A1 ie mé n '''semi-entlave''' y n '''semi-extlave''', nia n '''entlave''' o '''exclave''': l à n cunfin cul mer che ne l ncertla nia ite dl dut; *** A2 ie n '''exclave''' de A: l ie destacà da A; *** A3 ie n '''entlave''': l ie ncertlà ite dl dut da B; *** A4 y A5 ie '''contra-entlaves''' (nce tlamei '''entlaves de segondo orden'''): raions che toca pra A che ie dedite dl entlave E; ** contains 1 '''enclave''' (E): "foreign" territory totally surrounded by territory of A; ** contains 1 '''counter-counter-enclave''', or '''third-order enclave''' (E1). * {{color box|#fed720}} B: ** contains 2 '''enclaves''' (A3 and D). * {{color box|#75be3b}} C: ** continuous territory, contains no '''enclave''' or '''exclave''' * {{color box|#e87c2d}} D: ** is an '''enclaved territory''': it is territorially continuous, but its territory is totally surrounded by a single "foreign" territory (B). * {{color box|#8855ec}} E: ** is an '''enclaved territory''': it is inside A; ** contains 2 '''enclaves''' (A4 and A5), which are '''counter-enclaves''' of A; ** possesses 1 '''counter-enclave''' (E1), which is a '''counter-counter-enclave''' as viewed by A and contained within A5. In [[Topology|topological]] terms, A and E are each (sets of) '''unconnected surfaces''', and B, C and D are '''[[Connected space|connected surfaces]]'''. However, C and D are also '''[[Simply connected space|simply connected surfaces]]''', while B is not (it has first '''[[Betti number]] 2''', the number of "holes" in B). <!-- Image 2 --> | image2 = | width2 = | alt2 = | caption2 = <!-- up to |image10 is accepted --> <!-- Extra parameters --> | header = Diagram che spiega la definizions de '''entlave''' y '''extlave''' | header_align = <!-- left/right/center --> | header_background = | footer = | footer_align = <!-- left/right/center --> | footer_background = | background color = }} N '''entlave''' ie n raion che ie ncertlà ite da n raion de n auter stat o entità. N entlave po vester n raion ndependënt o na pert de n auter, majer stat.<ref name="Raton">{{cite journal |last=Raton |first=Pierre |title=Les enclaves |journal= Annuaire Français de Droit International |year=1958 |volume= 4 |page= 186 |doi=10.3406/afdi.1958.1373 }}</ref> La parola ''entlave'' vën datrai adurveda fauz per rujené de n raion che ie mé per na pert ncertlà ite da n auter stat.<ref name="Raton" /> N entlave che ne fej nia pert de n majer stat ne ie nia n extlave. Al mond dal trëi stac de chësta sort: [[Lesotho]] (n entlave de l'[[Africa dl Sud]]), [[San Marino]] y la [[Zità de Vatican]] (tramedoi n entlave de la [[Talia]]). N '''extlave''' ie na porzion de n stat che ie geograficamënter spartì da la pert prinzipela dl stat, ncertlà ite da n auter stat.<ref name=Websters_p497>{{cite dictionary |article=Exclave |title=Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language |year=1989 |page=497}}</ref> N grum de extlaves ie nce entlaves, ma n extlave che ie ncertlà ite dal raion de plu de un n stat ne ie nia n entlave.<ref name="YRY">{{cite journal |title=The concepts of enclave and exclave and their use in the political and geographical characteristic of the Kaliningrad region |journal=Baltic Region |volume=2 |year=2013 |first=Yuri |last= Rozhkov-Yuryevsky |doi= 10.5922/2079-8555-2013-2-11 |number= 2 |pages=113–123 |doi-access=free }}</ref> [[Republica Autonoma de Nakhchivan|Nakhchivan]] ie n ejëmpl de n extlave dl Aserbaigian che ne ie nia n entlave, ajache l cunfina cun l'[[Armenia]], l [[Iran]] y la [[Turchia]]. ==Referënzes== <references/> su7jm5quh79b5w35ml376iigc3nouxp 252564 252563 2026-07-30T08:00:14Z Asenoner 208 252564 wikitext text/x-wiki {{gherdëina}} {{Multiple image <!-- Essential parameters --> | align = right<!-- left/right/center --> | direction = vertical<!-- horizontal/vertical --> | width = 300<!-- Digits only; no "px" suffix, please --> <!-- Image 1 --> | image1 = Enclave exclave diagram.svg<!-- Filename only; no "File:" or "Image:" prefix, please --> | width1 = | alt1 = | caption1 = Te chësc dessëni ie plu raions (stac, chemuns, provinzies, y nsci inant) raprejentei da [[culëur]]es desfrënc. Tòc destachei dl medemo raion ie raprejentei dal medemo culëur, cun n auter numer metù leprò a uni mëndra pert de chël raion (l tòch prinzipiel ie mé raprejentà da n [[pustom]]). * {{color box|#f3a7b5}} A: ** A à 4 '''extlaves''' (A2, A3, A4, and A5) y un n '''semi-extlave''' (A1): l ne ie nia puscibl de jì dala pert prinzipiela de A a una de chësta pertes jan mé tres l raion de A; purempò: : *** A1 y A2 ne ie nia '''entlaves''': degun di doi ie ncertlà ite da un n raion "furest"; *** A1 ie mé n '''semi-entlave''' y n '''semi-extlave''', nia n '''entlave''' o '''exclave''': l à n cunfin cul mer che ne l ncertla nia ite dl dut; *** A2 ie n '''exclave''' de A: l ie destacà da A; *** A3 ie n '''entlave''': l ie ncertlà ite dl dut da B; *** A4 y A5 ie '''contra-entlaves''' (nce tlamei '''entlaves de segondo orden'''): raions che toca pra A che ie dedite dl entlave E; ** A à 1 '''entlave''' (E): n raion "furest" dl dut ncertlà ite dal raion A; ** A à 1 '''contra-contra-entlave''', o '''entlave de terzo orden''' (E1). * {{color box|#fed720}} B: ** B à 2 '''entlaves''' (A3 y D). * {{color box|#75be3b}} C: ** C ie n raion che taca adum, l ne à degun '''entlave''' o '''exclave''' * {{color box|#e87c2d}} D: ** D ie n '''raion entlave''': l ie n raion che taca adum, ma si raion ie dl dut ncertlà ite da un n raion "furest" (B). * {{color box|#8855ec}} E: ** E ie n '''raion entlave''': l ie dedite de A; ** E à 2 '''entlaves''' (A4 y A5), che ie '''contra-entlaves''' de A; ** possesses 1 '''counter-enclave''' (E1), which is a '''counter-counter-enclave''' as viewed by A and contained within A5. In [[Topology|topological]] terms, A and E are each (sets of) '''unconnected surfaces''', and B, C and D are '''[[Connected space|connected surfaces]]'''. However, C and D are also '''[[Simply connected space|simply connected surfaces]]''', while B is not (it has first '''[[Betti number]] 2''', the number of "holes" in B). <!-- Image 2 --> | image2 = | width2 = | alt2 = | caption2 = <!-- up to |image10 is accepted --> <!-- Extra parameters --> | header = Diagram che spiega la definizions de '''entlave''' y '''extlave''' | header_align = <!-- left/right/center --> | header_background = | footer = | footer_align = <!-- left/right/center --> | footer_background = | background color = }} N '''entlave''' ie n raion che ie ncertlà ite da n raion de n auter stat o entità. N entlave po vester n raion ndependënt o na pert de n auter, majer stat.<ref name="Raton">{{cite journal |last=Raton |first=Pierre |title=Les enclaves |journal= Annuaire Français de Droit International |year=1958 |volume= 4 |page= 186 |doi=10.3406/afdi.1958.1373 }}</ref> La parola ''entlave'' vën datrai adurveda fauz per rujené de n raion che ie mé per na pert ncertlà ite da n auter stat.<ref name="Raton" /> N entlave che ne fej nia pert de n majer stat ne ie nia n extlave. Al mond dal trëi stac de chësta sort: [[Lesotho]] (n entlave de l'[[Africa dl Sud]]), [[San Marino]] y la [[Zità de Vatican]] (tramedoi n entlave de la [[Talia]]). N '''extlave''' ie na porzion de n stat che ie geograficamënter spartì da la pert prinzipela dl stat, ncertlà ite da n auter stat.<ref name=Websters_p497>{{cite dictionary |article=Exclave |title=Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language |year=1989 |page=497}}</ref> N grum de extlaves ie nce entlaves, ma n extlave che ie ncertlà ite dal raion de plu de un n stat ne ie nia n entlave.<ref name="YRY">{{cite journal |title=The concepts of enclave and exclave and their use in the political and geographical characteristic of the Kaliningrad region |journal=Baltic Region |volume=2 |year=2013 |first=Yuri |last= Rozhkov-Yuryevsky |doi= 10.5922/2079-8555-2013-2-11 |number= 2 |pages=113–123 |doi-access=free }}</ref> [[Republica Autonoma de Nakhchivan|Nakhchivan]] ie n ejëmpl de n extlave dl Aserbaigian che ne ie nia n entlave, ajache l cunfina cun l'[[Armenia]], l [[Iran]] y la [[Turchia]]. ==Referënzes== <references/> id7xm0wan6bfsfxzg644lz2kfmo2d17 252566 252564 2026-07-30T08:05:09Z Asenoner 208 252566 wikitext text/x-wiki {{gherdëina}} {{Multiple image <!-- Essential parameters --> | align = right<!-- left/right/center --> | direction = vertical<!-- horizontal/vertical --> | width = 300<!-- Digits only; no "px" suffix, please --> <!-- Image 1 --> | image1 = Enclave exclave diagram.svg<!-- Filename only; no "File:" or "Image:" prefix, please --> | width1 = | alt1 = | caption1 = Te chësc dessëni ie plu raions (stac, chemuns, provinzies, y nsci inant) raprejentei da [[culëur]]es desfrënc. Tòc destachei dl medemo raion ie raprejentei dal medemo culëur, cun n auter numer metù leprò a uni mëndra pert de chël raion (l tòch prinzipiel ie mé raprejentà da n [[pustom]]). * {{color box|#f3a7b5}} A: ** A à 4 '''extlaves''' (A2, A3, A4, and A5) y un n '''semi-extlave''' (A1): l ne ie nia puscibl de jì dala pert prinzipiela de A a una de chësta pertes jan mé tres l raion de A; purempò: : *** A1 y A2 ne ie nia '''entlaves''': degun di doi ie ncertlà ite da un n raion "furest"; *** A1 ie mé n '''semi-entlave''' y n '''semi-extlave''', nia n '''entlave''' o '''exclave''': l à n cunfin cul mer che ne l ncertla nia ite dl dut; *** A2 ie n '''exclave''' de A: l ie destacà da A; *** A3 ie n '''entlave''': l ie ncertlà ite dl dut da B; *** A4 y A5 ie '''contra-entlaves''' (nce tlamei '''entlaves de segondo orden'''): raions che toca pra A che ie dedite dl entlave E; ** A à 1 '''entlave''' (E): n raion "furest" dl dut ncertlà ite dal raion A; ** A à 1 '''contra-contra-entlave''', o '''entlave de terzo orden''' (E1). * {{color box|#fed720}} B: ** B à 2 '''entlaves''' (A3 y D). * {{color box|#75be3b}} C: ** C ie n raion che taca adum, l ne à degun '''entlave''' o '''exclave''' * {{color box|#e87c2d}} D: ** D ie n '''raion entlave''': l ie n raion che taca adum, ma si raion ie dl dut ncertlà ite da un n raion "furest" (B). * {{color box|#8855ec}} E: ** E ie n '''raion entlave''': l ie dedite de A; ** E à 2 '''entlaves''' (A4 y A5), che ie '''contra-entlaves''' de A; ** E à 1 '''contra-entlave''' (E1), che ie n '''contra-contra-entlave''' dal pont de ududa de A y ie dedite de A5. Aldò de la [[topologia]] ie A y E raions destachei, y B, C y D ie raions culeghei. Purempò ie C y D nce In [[Topology|topological]] terms, A and E are each (sets of) '''unconnected surfaces''', and B, C and D are '''[[Connected space|connected surfaces]]'''. However, C and D are also '''[[Simply connected space|simply connected surfaces]]''', while B is not (it has first '''[[Betti number]] 2''', the number of "holes" in B). <!-- Image 2 --> | image2 = | width2 = | alt2 = | caption2 = <!-- up to |image10 is accepted --> <!-- Extra parameters --> | header = Diagram che spiega la definizions de '''entlave''' y '''extlave''' | header_align = <!-- left/right/center --> | header_background = | footer = | footer_align = <!-- left/right/center --> | footer_background = | background color = }} N '''entlave''' ie n raion che ie ncertlà ite da n raion de n auter stat o entità. N entlave po vester n raion ndependënt o na pert de n auter, majer stat.<ref name="Raton">{{cite journal |last=Raton |first=Pierre |title=Les enclaves |journal= Annuaire Français de Droit International |year=1958 |volume= 4 |page= 186 |doi=10.3406/afdi.1958.1373 }}</ref> La parola ''entlave'' vën datrai adurveda fauz per rujené de n raion che ie mé per na pert ncertlà ite da n auter stat.<ref name="Raton" /> N entlave che ne fej nia pert de n majer stat ne ie nia n extlave. Al mond dal trëi stac de chësta sort: [[Lesotho]] (n entlave de l'[[Africa dl Sud]]), [[San Marino]] y la [[Zità de Vatican]] (tramedoi n entlave de la [[Talia]]). N '''extlave''' ie na porzion de n stat che ie geograficamënter spartì da la pert prinzipela dl stat, ncertlà ite da n auter stat.<ref name=Websters_p497>{{cite dictionary |article=Exclave |title=Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language |year=1989 |page=497}}</ref> N grum de extlaves ie nce entlaves, ma n extlave che ie ncertlà ite dal raion de plu de un n stat ne ie nia n entlave.<ref name="YRY">{{cite journal |title=The concepts of enclave and exclave and their use in the political and geographical characteristic of the Kaliningrad region |journal=Baltic Region |volume=2 |year=2013 |first=Yuri |last= Rozhkov-Yuryevsky |doi= 10.5922/2079-8555-2013-2-11 |number= 2 |pages=113–123 |doi-access=free }}</ref> [[Republica Autonoma de Nakhchivan|Nakhchivan]] ie n ejëmpl de n extlave dl Aserbaigian che ne ie nia n entlave, ajache l cunfina cun l'[[Armenia]], l [[Iran]] y la [[Turchia]]. ==Referënzes== <references/> gfq1cvmywphabw9m86btdzyw4lavp5d 252567 252566 2026-07-30T08:07:41Z Asenoner 208 252567 wikitext text/x-wiki {{gherdëina}} {{Multiple image <!-- Essential parameters --> | align = right<!-- left/right/center --> | direction = vertical<!-- horizontal/vertical --> | width = 300<!-- Digits only; no "px" suffix, please --> <!-- Image 1 --> | image1 = Enclave exclave diagram.svg<!-- Filename only; no "File:" or "Image:" prefix, please --> | width1 = | alt1 = | caption1 = Te chësc dessëni ie plu raions (stac, chemuns, provinzies, y nsci inant) raprejentei da [[culëur]]es desfrënc. Tòc destachei dl medemo raion ie raprejentei dal medemo culëur, cun n auter numer metù leprò a uni mëndra pert de chël raion (l tòch prinzipiel ie mé raprejentà da n [[pustom]]). * {{color box|#f3a7b5}} A: ** A à 4 '''extlaves''' (A2, A3, A4, and A5) y un n '''semi-extlave''' (A1): l ne ie nia puscibl de jì dala pert prinzipiela de A a una de chësta pertes jan mé tres l raion de A; purempò: : *** A1 y A2 ne ie nia '''entlaves''': degun di doi ie ncertlà ite da un n raion "furest"; *** A1 ie mé n '''semi-entlave''' y n '''semi-extlave''', nia n '''entlave''' o '''exclave''': l à n cunfin cul mer che ne l ncertla nia ite dl dut; *** A2 ie n '''exclave''' de A: l ie destacà da A; *** A3 ie n '''entlave''': l ie ncertlà ite dl dut da B; *** A4 y A5 ie '''contra-entlaves''' (nce tlamei '''entlaves de segondo orden'''): raions che toca pra A che ie dedite dl entlave E; ** A à 1 '''entlave''' (E): n raion "furest" dl dut ncertlà ite dal raion A; ** A à 1 '''contra-contra-entlave''', o '''entlave de terzo orden''' (E1). * {{color box|#fed720}} B: ** B à 2 '''entlaves''' (A3 y D). * {{color box|#75be3b}} C: ** C ie n raion che taca adum, l ne à degun '''entlave''' o '''exclave''' * {{color box|#e87c2d}} D: ** D ie n '''raion entlave''': l ie n raion che taca adum, ma si raion ie dl dut ncertlà ite da un n raion "furest" (B). * {{color box|#8855ec}} E: ** E ie n '''raion entlave''': l ie dedite de A; ** E à 2 '''entlaves''' (A4 y A5), che ie '''contra-entlaves''' de A; ** E à 1 '''contra-entlave''' (E1), che ie n '''contra-contra-entlave''' dal pont de ududa de A y ie dedite de A5. Aldò de la [[topologia]] ie A y E raions destachei, y B, C y D ie raions culeghei. Purempò ie C y D nce raions culeghei scëmpli, ajache y ne à degun "bujes", ulache B ne ie chël nia (l à l '''[[numer de Betti]] 2''', che ie l numer de "bujes"). <!-- Image 2 --> | image2 = | width2 = | alt2 = | caption2 = <!-- up to |image10 is accepted --> <!-- Extra parameters --> | header = Diagram che spiega la definizions de '''entlave''' y '''extlave''' | header_align = <!-- left/right/center --> | header_background = | footer = | footer_align = <!-- left/right/center --> | footer_background = | background color = }} N '''entlave''' ie n raion che ie ncertlà ite da n raion de n auter stat o entità. N entlave po vester n raion ndependënt o na pert de n auter, majer stat.<ref name="Raton">{{cite journal |last=Raton |first=Pierre |title=Les enclaves |journal= Annuaire Français de Droit International |year=1958 |volume= 4 |page= 186 |doi=10.3406/afdi.1958.1373 }}</ref> La parola ''entlave'' vën datrai adurveda fauz per rujené de n raion che ie mé per na pert ncertlà ite da n auter stat.<ref name="Raton" /> N entlave che ne fej nia pert de n majer stat ne ie nia n extlave. Al mond dal trëi stac de chësta sort: [[Lesotho]] (n entlave de l'[[Africa dl Sud]]), [[San Marino]] y la [[Zità de Vatican]] (tramedoi n entlave de la [[Talia]]). N '''extlave''' ie na porzion de n stat che ie geograficamënter spartì da la pert prinzipela dl stat, ncertlà ite da n auter stat.<ref name=Websters_p497>{{cite dictionary |article=Exclave |title=Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language |year=1989 |page=497}}</ref> N grum de extlaves ie nce entlaves, ma n extlave che ie ncertlà ite dal raion de plu de un n stat ne ie nia n entlave.<ref name="YRY">{{cite journal |title=The concepts of enclave and exclave and their use in the political and geographical characteristic of the Kaliningrad region |journal=Baltic Region |volume=2 |year=2013 |first=Yuri |last= Rozhkov-Yuryevsky |doi= 10.5922/2079-8555-2013-2-11 |number= 2 |pages=113–123 |doi-access=free }}</ref> [[Republica Autonoma de Nakhchivan|Nakhchivan]] ie n ejëmpl de n extlave dl Aserbaigian che ne ie nia n entlave, ajache l cunfina cun l'[[Armenia]], l [[Iran]] y la [[Turchia]]. ==Referënzes== <references/> l52cq22zpo1vdjfdm5pb705b7ouvz5g 0 192483 252560 2026-07-30T07:48:00Z Asenoner 208 Redirect alla pagina [[Sudafrica]] 252560 wikitext text/x-wiki #redirect [[Sudafrica]] 1lwl603jlmftsx4yci6t6yh9ppb0u3p