Wikipedia lldwiki https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plata_prinzipala MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.20 first-letter Media Speciale Discussione Utente Discussioni utente Wikipedia Discussioni Wikipedia File Discussioni file MediaWiki Discussioni MediaWiki Template Discussioni template Aiuto Discussioni aiuto Categoria Discussioni categoria TimedText TimedText talk Modulo Discussioni modulo Evento Discussioni evento 12 115584 253104 236656 2026-09-18T14:10:35Z Taylor 49 7368 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[File:Anahtar.ogg]] → [[File:Tr-anahtar.oga]] CRIT 4 + langcode 253104 wikitext text/x-wiki {{IPA key|H:IPA-TR}} The charts below show the way in which the [[International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] represents [[Turkish language]] pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{tl|IPA-tr}} and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}. For a more in-depth coverage of the sounds of Turkish, see [[Turkish phonology]]. {| | style="vertical-align:top;" | {| class="wikitable" |+ Consonants |- ! IPA ! Example ! English<br />approximation |- | style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|b}}</big> | {{audio|Tr tr bebek.ogg|'''b'''e'''b'''ek|help=no}} | a'''b'''out |- | style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|β}}</big> | {{audio|Vücut-turkish.ogg|'''v'''ücut|help=no}}<ref name="v">{{IPA|/v/}} surfaces as {{IPAblink|β}} when either preceded or followed by a rounded vowel (but not when intervocalic).</ref> | ''like'' '''v'''ase, ''but with both lips'' |- | style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|c}}</big> | {{audio|Tr tr şekil.ogg|şe'''k'''il|help=no}}<ref name="velar">{{IPA|[c~k]}}, {{IPA|[ɟ~ɡ]}}, and {{IPA|[l~ɫ]}} contrast only in loanwords before {{angbr|â, û}} vs. {{angbr|a, u}}. In native words, {{IPA|[c, ɟ, l]}} occur before front vowels ({{IPA|[æ, e, i, œ, y]}}) and {{IPA|[k, ɡ, ɫ]}} occur before back vowels ({{IPA|[a, o, u, ɯ]}}); word-finally or preconsonantally, {{IPA|[c, ɟ, l]}} occur after front vowels and {{IPA|[k, ɡ, ɫ]}} occur after back vowels.</ref> | s'''k'''ew |- | style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|d̪|d}}</big> | {{audio|Tur-madde.ogg|ma'''dd'''e|help=no}} | a'''d'''o |- | style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|dʒ}}</big> | {{audio|Ocak.ogg|o'''c'''ak|help=no}} | '''j'''ump |- | style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|f}}</big> | {{audio|Far-turkish.ogg|'''f'''ar|help=no}} | '''f'''ood |- | style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɡ}}</big> | {{audio|Gam-turkish.ogg|'''g'''am|help=no}}<ref name="velar" /> | a'''g'''o |- | style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɟ}}</big> | {{audio|Tr tr gerçek.ogg|'''g'''erçek|help=no}}<ref name="velar" /> | ar'''g'''ue |- | style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|h}}</big> | {{audio|Tr-anahtar.oga|ana'''h'''tar|help=no}} | '''h'''ome |- | style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|j}}</big> | {{audio|Tr tr hayat.ogg|ha'''y'''at|help=no}}, e'''ğ'''ri<ref name="soft g">In Turkish, the letter {{angbr|[[Ğ#Turkish use|ğ]]}} (also called ''yumuşak g'', 'soft g') indicates a number of different sounds, depending on context: * in syllable-initial positions, is silent and indicates a syllable break, for example: ''ağır'' ('heavy') {{IPA|[aˈɯɾ]}}, ''ağa'' ('[[Agha (title)|Agha]]') {{IPA|[aˈa]}}. * in other positions, indicates the lengthening of the preceding vowel, for example: ''dağ'' ('mountain') {{IPA|[daː]}}, ''doğru'' ('true') {{IPA|[doːɾu]}}. ** if the lengthened vowel is /e/, it sounds like [j], for example: ''eğlence'' ('fun') {{IPA|[ejlænˈdʒe]}} * in proper names where it may appear following a consonant, it is treated as a {{angbr|g}}, for example: ''Olğun'' {{IPA|[oɫˈɡun]}} </ref> | '''y'''es |- | style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|k}}</big> | {{audio|Kabak.ogg|'''k'''aba'''k'''|help=no}}<ref name="velar" /> | '''c'''ore |- | style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ʎ̟|l}}</big> | {{audio|Tr-bilinç.oga|bi'''l'''inç|help=no}}<ref>{{IPA|[l]}} is more accurately described as palatalized postalveolar {{IPAblink|ʎ̟}}, but it is conventionally transcribed with {{angbr IPA|l}}.</ref> | '''l'''ate |- | style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɫ̪|ɫ}}</big> | {{audio|Tr-kulak.ogg|ku'''l'''ak|help=no}}<ref name="velar" /> | tai'''l''' |- | style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|m}}</big> | {{audio|Tr-cuma.ogg|cu'''m'''a|help=no}} | '''m'''uch |- | style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|n}}</big> | {{audio|Tr tr nesne.ogg|'''n'''es'''n'''e|help=no}} | '''n'''ot |- | style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɲ}}</big> | {{audio|Engin-turkish.ogg|e'''n'''gin|help=no}}<ref name="ny">{{IPAblink|ɲ}} appears as an allophone of {{IPAslink|n}} before the consonants {{IPAblink|ɟ}} and {{IPAblink|c}}.</ref> | ca'''ny'''on |- | style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ŋ}}</big> | {{audio|Yangın-turkish.ogg|ya'''n'''gın|help=no}}<ref name="ng">{{IPAblink|ŋ}} appears as an allophone of {{IPAslink|n}} before the consonants {{IPAblink|ɡ}} and {{IPAblink|k}}.</ref> | wi'''ng''' |- | style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|p}}</big> | {{audio|Tr-pazar.ogg|'''p'''azar|help=no}} | '''p'''an |- | style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɾ}}</big> | {{audio|Anahtarlar.ogg|anahta'''r'''la'''r'''|help=no}} | ''[[American English|AmE]]'' a'''t'''om |- | style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|s}}</big> | {{audio|Tur-sinek.ogg|'''s'''inek|help=no}} | '''s'''end |- | style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ʃ}}</big> | {{audio|Tr-kişi.ogg|ki'''ş'''i|help=no}} | '''sh'''oe |- | style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|t̪|t}}</big> | {{audio|Tr-Türkçe.oga|'''T'''ürkçe|help=no}} | '''t'''able |- | style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|tʃ}}</big> | {{audio|Çivi.ogg|'''ç'''ivi|help=no}} | '''ch'''ange |- | style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|v}}</big> | {{audio|Çivi.ogg|çi'''v'''i|help=no}}<ref name="v"/> | '''v'''ase |- | style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|z}}</big> | {{audio|Tr-pazar.ogg|pa'''z'''ar|help=no}} | '''z'''one |- | style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ʒ}}</big> | {{audio|Jilet-turkish.ogg|'''j'''ilet|help=no}} | lei'''s'''ure |} | style="padding-left: 1em; vertical-align:top;" | {| class="wikitable" |+ Vowels |- ! IPA ! Example ! English<br />approximation |- | style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ä|a}}</big> | {{audio|Kabak.ogg|k'''a'''b'''a'''k|help=no}} | f'''a'''ther |- | style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|æ}}</big> | {{audio|Tr tr erkek.ogg|'''e'''rkek|help=no}}<ref>Allophone of {{IPA|/e/}} before sonorants {{IPA|[l, m, n, ɾ]}} in the same syllable, and in the suffix ''-mez''.</ref> | c'''a'''t |- | style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|e̞|e}}</big> | {{audio|Tr tr erkek.ogg|erk'''e'''k|help=no}} | b'''e'''d |- | style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|i}}</big> | {{audio|Çivi.ogg|ç'''i'''v'''i'''|help=no}} | cr'''ee'''k |- | style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|o̞|o}}</big> | {{audio|Tr-tokmak.ogg|t'''o'''kmak|help=no}} | st'''o'''ry |- | style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ø̞|œ}}</big> | {{audio|Tr tr özgürlük.ogg|'''ö'''zgürlük|help=no}} | ''somewhat like'' b'''ir'''d |- | style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|u}}</big> | {{audio|Tr tr ruh.ogg|r'''u'''h|help=no}} | s'''ou'''p |- | style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɯ}}</big> | {{audio|Tur-kış.ogg|k'''ı'''ş|help=no}} | ''somewhat like'' ros'''e'''s |- | style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|y}}</big> | {{audio|Tr-Türkçe.oga|T'''ü'''rkçe|help=no}} | ''somewhat like'' c'''ue''' |} {| class="wikitable" |+ [[Suprasegmental]]s |- ! IPA ! colspan="2" | Examples |- | style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ˈ}}</big> | colspan="2" | ''torbalı'' {{IPA|[toɾbaˈɫɯ]}} 'with bag'<br />''[[Torbalı]]'' {{IPA|[ˈtoɾbaɫɯ]}} (a place name)<ref>In Turkish proper, proper nouns are typically stressed on one of the last three syllables, and other words (excepting some words, certain unstressed suffixes and stressed verb tenses) are stressed on the last syllable (see [[Turkish phonology#Word-accent|Turkish phonology § Word-accent]]).</ref> |- | style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ː}}</big> | ''â, î, û'',<ref name="sapka">[[circumflex|''Düzeltme işareti'']] (Turkish for "correction mark") {{angbr|ˆ}} is a sign which indicates both the vowel length and indicates if the letter {{angbr|k}} represents {{IPAblink|c}}, the letter {{angbr|g}} represents {{IPAblink|ɟ}} or the letter {{angbr|l}} represents {{IPAblink|l}} before back vowels {{IPAblink|ä|a}} and {{IPAblink|u}}.<br>Yet the ''düzeltme işareti'' is used primarily to indicate palatalization, instead of length. For example, the word {{wikt-lang|tr|katil}} means "murder" when it is pronounced as {{IPA|[kaˈtil]}}, but it means "killer" when it is pronounced as {{IPA|[kaːˈtil]}}. The letter {{angbr|a}} is left unmarked even if it is long because the sound {{IPAslink|k}} does not become {{IPAslink|c}} in this case.<br>{{angbr|î}} is an exception, as it indicates only the vowel length.</ref> ''ğ''<ref name="soft g" /> | '''''oğ'''lan'' {{Audio-IPA|Tr tr oğlan.ogg|[oːˈɫan]|help=no}} 'boy' |} |} ==Notes== {{reflist}} {{IPA keys}} jlqqo58wbxa6c5dqjyuv41to0owh0iz