Wikipedia lnwiki https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok%C3%A1s%C3%A1_ya_libos%C3%B3 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.15 first-letter Média Spécial Discussion Utilisateur Discussion utilisateur Wikipedia Discussion Wikipedia Fichier Discussion fichier MediaWiki Discussion MediaWiki Modèle Discussion modèle Aide Discussion aide Catégorie Discussion catégorie TimedText TimedText talk Module Discussion module Event Event talk 0 6165 135923 135821 2026-08-13T16:16:13Z InternetArchiveBot 10768 Add 3 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260813sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 135923 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | Name = Malariyá | ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|50||b|50}}-{{ICD10|B|54||b|54}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|084}} | Image = Malaria.jpg | Caption = ''Plasmodium'' eza kowuta na soyi ya ngungi ya mwasi mpe kotambola nakati ya cellule ya ngungi. | DiseasesDB = 7728 | MedlinePlus = 000621 | OMIM = 248310 | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 1385 | eMedicine_mult = {{eMedicine2|emerg|305}} {{eMedicine2|ped|1357}} | MeshName = Malaria | MeshNumber = C03.752.250.552 }} [[Fichier:Anopheles gambiae mosquito feeding 1354.p lores.jpg|thumb|240px|Ngungi eye epɛ́sɛkɛ bokɔnɔ bwa malariyá (''Anopheles gambiae'')]] [[Fichier:Anopheles albimanus mosquito.jpg|thumb|240px|Ngungi eye epɛ́sɛkɛ bokɔnɔ bwa malariyá (''Anopheles albimanus'') ezalí komɛ́lɛ makilá o [[lobɔ́kɔ]] la moto]] '''Malariyá''' ezalí fɛ́fɛle eye ezwámaka o mikili mitóndá maziba tǒ [[mái]] malálá, mpé bisíká bitóndá [[ngungi]]. Bokɔnɔ epɛ́sɛ́mi na ngungi ya mwasí; sɔ́ki aswí [[moto]], mikɔlɔ́bɔ mikokɔ́ta o [[nzóto]] kin'o [[makilá]]. == Definition and symptoms == Malariyá ezalí [[Bokono boye bowuti na ngungi|bokono boye bokopesamaka kowúta na ngungi]] koleka epayi ya batu tǒ banyama misusu kolandana na ba parasites [[protozoaires]] óyo ezali (lolenge ya [[micro-organisme]]) ya cellule móko ya ''[[Plasmodium]]''.<ref name=WHO2014/> Malariyá elakisaka bilembo biye bilandi [[fièvre]], [[koyoka nzoto mabe|bolembu]], [[kosanza]] mpe [[moto mpasi]].<!-- <ref name=EBMED2014/> --> Na ba cas ya makasi mpeza ekoki komema [[mbongwana ya mokobo ya loposo|loposo kokoma jaune]], [[kopiquer crise ya mbalakata]], [[coma]] to [[liwa]].<ref name=EBMED2014/> Bilembo oyo bibandaka komonana mingi mingi sima ya mikolo zomi to zomi na mitano sima na kosuama na ngungi.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Epayi ya baye balandelaki nkisi malamu te bokono bokoki kozongela bango sima na basanza.<ref name=WHO2014/> Epayi ya baye babikaki na bokono kala te, tango bazwami na bokono lisusu bilembo ya makasi bimonanaka lisusu te obe oyo ya neti neti te.<!-- <ref name=EBMED2014/> --> [[Immunité|Resistance]] oyo ya ndambo ekendaka na kosila malembe malembe sima na basanza kino ba mbula soki mutu azali lisusu te kokoba kozwama na malariyá.<ref name=EBMED2014/> == Cause and diagnosis == Mingi mingi mpeza, bokono oyo bopesamaka tango mutu asuami na ngungi ya mwasi oyo ayebani bo ''[[Anophèle]]''.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Kosua oyo ekotisaka ba parasites kowuta na soyi ya ngungi kokota na [[mizisa ya nzoto|makila]] ya mutu.<ref name=WHO2014/> Na sima ba parasites oyo ekendeke na foie epayi wapi ekolaka mpe kobota bota.<!-- <ref name=EBMED2014/> --> Eza na lolenge mitano ya ''Plasmodium'' oyo ekoki kopesa bokono mpe kokabolama na batu.<ref name=EBMED2014/> Liwa mingi eyaka na nzela ya ''[[Plasmodium falciparum|P.&nbsp;falciparum]]'' na ''[[Plasmodium vivax|P.&nbsp;vivax]]'', ''[[Plasmodium ovale|P.&nbsp;ovale]]'', mpe ''[[Plasmodium malariae|P.&nbsp;malariae]]'' ememaka mingi mingi mpeza lolenge moko ya malariyá ya mua katikati.<ref name=WHO2014/><ref name=EBMED2014/> ''[[Plasmodium knowlesi|P.&nbsp;knowlesi]]'' yango ememaka mpeza mpeza te bokono epayi ya batu.<ref name=WHO2014/> Diagnostique ya malariyá esalalemaka mingi mpeza na nzela ya komeka makila na microscope na bosaleli [[plaquette ya makila]], to na nzela ya test [[antigène]] [[Ba tests antigène ya bokundoli malariyá|to ba tests ya diagnostique ya lombango]].<ref name=EBMED2014/> Ba nzela eye esalelaka [[milongo ya baréaction na polymérasie]] mpo na kokundola [[ADN]] ya parasite esili kozala, kasi naino basaleli yango te na bisika biye malariyá [[Endémique (épidémiologique)|ezwi batu ebele]] mpó na ntálo mpé mbilinga mbilinga nayango.<ref name="Nadjm 2012">{{Cite journal |author=Nadjm B, Behrens RH |title=Malaria: An update for physicians |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_infectious-disease-clinics-of-north-america_2012-06_26_2/page/243 |journal=Infectious Disease Clinics of North America |year=2012 |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=243–59 |pmid=22632637 |doi=10.1016/j.idc.2012.03.010}}</ref> == Prevention and treatment == Likáma ya kozwama na bokono ya malariyá ekokí kokoma moke na nzela ya komibatela na kosuama na ngungi na bosaleli [[moustiquaire]] mpe [[nkisi ya kobengana ba insect]], to mpe mikano ya kolandela ba ngungi neti kofula [[insecticide]] mpe kotsiolisa mayi eye etelengani.<ref name=EBMED2014/> Nkisi ndenge na ndenge eza na oyo etali [[ndenge ya komibatela na malaria|prévention ya malaria]] mpo na bakeyi mibembo na bisika biye bokono bona bozali mingi.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Ba doses ya nkisi [[sulfadoxine/pyriméthamine]] ya komela mbala na mbala eza recommendé mpo na [[bana]] mpe na sima ya [[sanza misato ya yambo]] ya [[zemi]] na bisika biye taux ya malaria eza likolo mpeza.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Atako posa ezali, [[mangwele]] moko te eye ezali kosala mpeza eza, ata ndenge batu bazali kosala makasi mpo na kobongisa mangwele wana.<ref name=WHO2014/> Nkisi eye eza recommendé mpo na malaria eza bosangisi [[ba nkisi ya malaria]] oyo ezali na [[artémisinine]].<ref name=WHO2014/><ref name=EBMED2014/> Lolenge ya mibale ya ba nkisi ekoki kozala [[mefloquine]], [[luméfantrine]], to sulfadoxine/pyriméthamine.<ref name=WHO2010>{{cite book|last1=Organization|first1=World Health|title=Guidelines for the treatment of malaria|url=https://archive.org/details/guidelinesfortre0000unse|date=2010|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|isbn=9789241547925|page=ix|edition=2nd ed.}}</ref> [[Quinine]] ekoki mpe komelama elongo na [[doxycycline]] soki artémisinine eza te.<ref name=WHO2010/> Esengami ete na bisika biye bokono oyo boza na batu ebele, yambo ya kobanda komela ba nkisi esengeli kosembola soki ete malaria nde ezali kotungisa mpo na ntina ya mikakatano ya [[nzoto koboya nkisi]].<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Ba nkisi ndenge na ndenge ya malaria eza kokutana na nzoto eye eza koboya yango; na ndakisa, eza na baye nzoto eboyaka [[chloroquine]] ''P.&nbsp;falciparum'' likambo oyo epanzani na bisika ebele oyo malaria ezali, na nzoto koboya artémisinine ekomi mpe nkokoso na bisika songolo ya mikili ya Asia ya se.<ref name=WHO2014/> == Epidemiology == Bokono oyo bopanzani mingi na barégion [[Tropiques|tropical]] mpe [[sous tropical]] oyo etandami nzinga nzinga na [[équateur]].<ref name=EBMED2014>{{cite journal|last=Caraballo|first=Hector|title=Emergency Department Management Of Mosquito-Borne Illness: Malaria, Dengue, And West Nile Virus|journal=Emergency Medicine Practice|date=May 2014|volume=16|issue=5|url=http://www.ebmedicine.net/topics.php?paction=showTopic&topic_id=405}}</ref> Yango ezali bongo eteni monene ya [[Afrika ya se ya Sahara]], [[Asia]], na [[Amerique Latine]].<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> [[Organisation Mondiale ya Santé]] emoni ete na mobu ya 2012, ba cas ya malaria ezwaki bamillion 207 ya batu.<!-- <ref name=WHO2014/> --> Na mobu wana, emonanaki ete bokono bona bobomaki batu kati ya 473,000 na 789,000, ebele nabango bazali bongo bana nakati ya Afrika.<ref name=WHO2014>{{cite web|title=Malaria Fact sheet N°94|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs094/en/|website=WHO|accessdate=28 August 2014|date=March 2014}}</ref> Malaria mingi mingi eza bokono boye bolandanaka na kibobola mpe eza na effet monene ya mabe na [[développement économique]].<ref name="IftSoL">{{Cite report |author=Gollin D, Zimmermann C |title=Malaria: Disease Impacts and Long-Run Income Differences |date=August 2007 |publisher=[[Institute for the Study of Labor]] |url=http://ftp.iza.org/dp2997.pdf |format=PDF}}</ref><ref name="Worrall 2005">{{Cite journal |author=Worrall E, Basu S, Hanson K |title=Is malaria a disease of poverty? A review of the literature |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_tropical-medicine-and-international-health_2005-10_10_10/page/1047 |journal=Tropical Health and Medicine |year=2005 |volume=10 |issue=10 |pages=1047–59 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-3156.2005.01476.x |pmid=16185240}} {{open access}}</ref> Na Afrika emonani ete ememaka libunga ya ba milliards 12 $ [[Lisangá lya Ameríka|USA]] na mobu moko kino na motuya ya likolo mpo na maye matali bonkolongono, bozangi makasi ya kosala mosala mpe ba effets misusu na maye matali tourisme.<ref name="Greenwood 2005">{{Cite journal |author=Greenwood BM, Bojang K, Whitty CJ, Targett GA |title=Malaria |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_april-23-29-2005_365_9469/page/1487 |journal=Lancet |year=2005|volume=365 |issue=9469 |pages=1487–98 |pmid=15850634 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66420-3}}</ref> == Ba références == <references /> [[Catégorie:Malariyá]] j2l4yg3xd5mvy1kfvb8l0ivex66dew3 0 6916 135916 132895 2026-08-13T16:10:03Z InternetArchiveBot 10768 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260813sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 135916 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox début | animal | ''Nkámbá '' | | }} {{Taxobox | embranchement | Chordata }} {{Taxobox | sous-embranchement | Vertebrata }} {{Taxobox | super-classe | Osteichthyes }} {{Taxobox | classe | Actinopterygii }} {{Taxobox | sous-classe | Neopterygii }} {{Taxobox | infra-classe | Teleostei }} {{Taxobox | super-ordre | Ostariophysi }} {{Taxobox | ordre | Siluriformes }} {{Taxobox | famille | Bagridae }} {{Taxobox taxon | animal | genre | Chrysichthys | [[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], [[1858]] }} {{Taxobox wikispecies | Bagridae }} {{Taxobox commons | Category:Siluriformes }} {{Taxobox fin}} '''Nkámbá''' (''Chrysichthys'') ezalí [[mbísi]]. ==Species== *''[[Chrysichthys acsiorum]]'' <small>Hardman, 2008</small> *''[[Chrysichthys aluuensis]]'' <small>Risch, 1985</small> *''[[Chrysichthys ansorgii]]'' <small>[[George Albert Boulenger|Boulenger]], 1910</small> *''[[Chrysichthys auratus]]'' <small>(Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1809)</small><!-- ZoolRes28:193. --> *''[[Chrysichthys bocagii]]'' <small>Boulenger, 1910</small> *''[[Chrysichthys brachynema]]'' &ndash; [[Kibonde]], "[[salmontail catfish]]" *''[[Chrysichthys brevibarbis]]'' <small>(Boulenger, 1899)</small> *''[[Chrysichthys cranchii]]'' <small>(Leach, 1818)</small> *''[[Chrysichthys dageti]]'' <small>Risch, 1992</small> *''[[Chrysichthys delhezi]]'' <small>Boulenger, 1899</small> *''[[Chrysichthys duttoni]]'' <small>Boulenger, 1905</small> *''[[Chrysichthys furcatus]]'' <small>[[Albert C. L. G. Günther|Günther]], 1864</small> *''[[Chrysichthys grandis]]'' &ndash; [[Kukumai]] *''[[Chrysichthys graueri]]'' *''[[Chrysichthys habereri]]'' <small>Steindachner, 1912</small> *''[[Chrysichthys helicophagus]]'' <small>Roberts & Stewart, 1976</small> *''[[Chrysichthys johnelsi]]'' <small>Daget, 1959</small> *''[[Chrysichthys laticeps]]'' <small>[[Jacques Pellegrin|Pellegrin]], 1932</small> *''[[Chrysichthys levequei]]'' <small>Risch, 1988</small> *''[[Chrysichthys longibarbis]]'' <small>(Boulenger, 1899)</small> *''[[Chrysichthys longidorsalis]]'' <small>Risch & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1981</small> *''[[Chrysichthys longipinnis]]'' <small>(Boulenger, 1899)</small> *''[[Chrysichthys mabusi]]'' <small>Boulenger, 1905</small> *''[[Chrysichthys macropterus]]'' <small>Boulenger, 1920</small> *''[[Chrysichthys macrotis]]'' <small>Van Neer, 1994</small> ([[extinct]]) *''[[Chrysichthys mahengeensis]]'' <small>Murray & Budney, 2003</small> ([[extinct]]) *''[[Chrysichthys maurus]]'' <small>([[Achille Valenciennes|Valenciennes]], 1840)</small> *''[[Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus]]'' <small>([[Bernard Germain de Lacépède|La Cepède]], 1803)</small> *''[[Chrysichthys nyongensis]]'' <small>Risch & Thys van den Audenaerde, 1985</small> *''[[Chrysichthys ogooensis]]'' <small>(Pellegrin, 1900)</small> *''[[Chrysichthys okae]]'' <small>[[Henry Weed Fowler|Fowler]], 1949</small> *''[[Chrysichthys ornatus]]'' <small>Boulenger, 1902</small> *''[[Chrysichthys persimilis]]'' <small>Günther, 1899</small> *''[[Chrysichthys platycephalus]]'' *''[[Chrysichthys polli]]'' <small>Risch, 1987</small> *''[[Chrysichthys punctatus]]'' <small>Boulenger, 1899</small> *''[[Chrysichthys rueppelli]]'' <small>Boulenger, 1907</small> *''[[Chrysichthys sharpii]]'' <small>Boulenger, 1901</small> *''[[Chrysichthys sianenna]]'' *''[[Chrysichthys stappersii]]'' *''[[Chrysichthys teugelsi]]'' <small>Risch, 1987</small> *''[[Chrysichthys thonneri]]'' <small>Steindachner, 1912</small> *''[[Chrysichthys thysi]]'' <small>Risch, 1985</small> *''[[Chrysichthys turkana]]'' <small>Hardman, 2008</small> *''[[Chrysichthys uniformis]]'' <small>Pellegrin, 1922</small> *''[[Chrysichthys wagenaari]]'' <small>Boulenger, 1899</small> *''[[Chrysichthys walkeri]]'' <small>Günther, 1899</small> == Tála mpé == * {{FishBase genre|Chrysichthys|Bleeker, 1858 }} * {{ITIS|638985|''Chrysichthys'' Bleeker, 1858 }} * {{NCBI|236587|''Chrysichthys'' }} === Búku === * {{en}} {{cite journal|url=http://silurus.acnatsci.org/ACSI/library/biblios/2007_Ferraris_Catfish_Checklist.pdf|title=Checklist of catfishes, recent and fossil (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes), and catalogue of siluriform primary types|first=Carl J., Jr.|last=Ferraris|journal=[[Zootaxa]]|volume=1418|pages=1–628|year=2007|format=[[PDF]]|access-date=2011-06-27|archivedate=2022-03-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311220811/http://silurus.acnatsci.org/ACSI/library/biblios/2007_Ferraris_Catfish_Checklist.pdf|deadurl=yes}} * {{en}} {{cite journal|title=A New Species of Catfish Genus ''Chrysichthys'' from Lake Tanganyika (Siluriformes: Claroteidae)|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_copeia_2008-03-21_1/page/43|first=Michael|last=Hardman|journal=Copeia|year=2008|volume=1|pages=43–56}} [[Category:mbísi]] jzh4l6hf9k7n0frw5cs3brp7umgc3ih 0 8226 135917 123949 2026-08-13T16:10:33Z InternetArchiveBot 10768 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260813sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 135917 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | Name = La rage | image = Dog with rabies.jpg | caption = Mbua oyo azali na rage na niveau ya sima ya kosua moto | DiseaseDB = 11148 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|A|82||a|82}} | ID9 = {{ICD9|071}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = 001334 | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 1374 | MeshID = D011818 }} '''Ngbáráwá''' tǒ '''libómá lya mbwá''' ezalí bokɔnɔ bwa [[virúsi]] óyo esálaka éte [[kovímba makási ya bɔngɔ́]] na [[moto|bato]] mpé [[nyama ya mabɛ́lɛ]].<ref name=WHO2013/> Bilembo bya [[ebandeli]] ezalaka [[fɛ́fɛlɛ]] mpé koyóka lokóla [[lotilíki]] ezalí koleka na esíka óyo eswámákí.<ref name=WHO2013/> Bilembo óyo elandamaka mɔ̌kɔ́ na mɔ̌kɔ́ na nzela ya bilembo óyo ezalí: ngánzálánganzala ya nkándá , kozanga kofándisa na kímyá, [[kobánga mái]], kokoka koningisa [[enama|binama]] bya nzoto tɛ̂, mikakatano mya bokanisi, na [[kosénzwa]].<ref name=WHO2013/> Nsima ya bilembo komɔnana, ngbáráwá na ntángo míngi ebomaka.<ref name=WHO2013/> Kobanda na ntángo óyo moto azwí bokɔnɔ tíí ntángo óyo bilembo bizalí kolakisa esála sánzá mɔ̌kɔ́ ntína sánzá mísáto. Kasi, ntáno yangó mpé ekokí kochanger na kobanda ya mpɔ́sɔ mɔ̌kɔ́ tíí na koleka mobú mɔ̌kɔ́.<ref name=WHO2013/> Ebéndé ya ntángo yangó ezalí ko dependre na ntángo óyo bokɔnɔ ekokoma na [[kátikati ya mintúngú]].<ref name=Robbins>{{cite book |author=Cotran RS |title=Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease |edition=7th |publisher=Elsevier/Saunders |year=2005 |page=1375 |isbn=0-7216-0187-1|author-separator=, |author2=Kumar V |author3=Fausto N |display-authors=3}}</ref> Ngbáráwá epésamaka koúta na bato tíí na nyama. Ngbáráwá ekokí koyambenela na ntángo óyo nyama óyo ezali na bokɔnɔ akwányí to aswí nyama mosúsu tǒ bato.<ref name=WHO2013/> Nsɔ́i óyo eútí na [[monɔkɔ]] ya nyama óyo ezalí na ngbáráwá ekokí mpé koyambenelisa ngbáráwá soki nsɔ́i óyo ezalí na contact na miyoyo ya nyama mosusu to Moto.<ref name=WHO2013/> la plupart ya rage na bomoyi ya bato ewuta na kosua ya mbua.<ref name=WHO2013/> koleka 99% ya ba cas ya rage na bamboka ebele esalamaka mingi soki mbua a sui Mutu.<ref name=Tint2010>{{cite book |author=Tintinalli, Judith E. |title=Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide (Emergency Medicine (Tintinalli))|publisher=McGraw-Hill |year=2010 |pages=Chapter 152 |isbn=0-07-148480-9}}</ref> Na ba mboka ya [[Amerique]], [[ ba longembu]] bazali ba nyama oyo ezalaka na rage, pe moke ya 5% ya cas ya rage na bomoyi ya Batu ewuti epai ya ba mbua.<ref name=WHO2013/><ref name=Tint2010/> Ba rongeur bazuaka infection ya bokono oyo rarement.<ref name=Tint2010/> [[ virus ya rage]] etambolaka na cerveau na njela ya ba [[Systéme nerveux périphérique]]. Bokono ekoyebana kaka soki ba signe na yango emonani. <ref name=WHO2013/> Contrôle ya ba nyama na programme ya vaccination ekitisi ba risque ya rage oyo ewuti na bambua na bisika ebele na mokili mobimba.<ref name=WHO2013/> Kopesa batu mangwele liboso ya kosuama na mbua ezali recommender na baoyo na zali na risque ya makasi. Groupe ya baoyo bazali na risque ya makasi ezali ba oyo basalaka mosala ya kosunga ba bangembo to soki ofandi ntagno molayi na bisika oyo rages ezali mingi.<ref name=WHO2013/> na bato oyo bazali exposer na rage,[[ Mangwele ya Rage]] be tango mosusu [[immunoglobuline ya rage]] ezali malamu mingi pona ko prevenir bokono soki mutu abandi traitement liboso ba signes ya rage esala manifestation.<ref name=WHO2013/> kosokola ba pota na makwanza pendant 15 minutes na savon pe na mayi, [[povidone d’iode]], soki pe badetergent oyo ekoki koboma virus, ezali pe malamu mingi na tina yako prevenir transmission ya virus ya rage.<ref name=WHO2013>{{cite web|title=Rabies Fact Sheet N°99|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs099/en/|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=28 February 2014|date=July 2013}}</ref> kaka batu mike ba bikaka na infection ya rage esalamaki na lisalisi ya traitement ya makasi, oyo eyabaki na nkombo ya le [[protocol de Milwaukee]].<ref>{{cite journal | author = Hemachudha T, Ugolini G, Wacharapluesadee S, Sungkarat W, Shuangshoti S, Laothamatas J | title = Human rabies: neuropathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. | journal = Lancet neurology | volume = 12 | issue = 5 | pages = 498–513 | date = May 2013 | pmid = 23602163 | doi = 10.1016/s1474-4422(13)70038-3 }}</ref> Rage ezali responsable ya 26,000 tina 55,000 ya koboma na mokili mobimba na mbula moko.<ref name=WHO2013/><ref name=Loz2012>{{cite journal | author = Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V, Abraham J, Adair T, Aggarwal R, et al. | title = Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_december-15-2012-january-4-2013_380_9859/page/2095 | journal = Lancet | volume = 380 | issue = 9859 | pages = 2095–128 | date = Dec 15, 2012 | pmid = 23245604 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0 }}</ref> koleka 95% ya ba oyo bakufi ezali mingi na mikili ya [[Asie]] pe [[Afrique]].<ref name=WHO2013/> Rage ezali penza na mikili mingi soki pe koleka 150 countries ya bamboka pe na ba continent nyonso kasi na mboka ya Antarctique te.<ref name=WHO2013/> Batu koleka 3 billion bazali ko vivre na ba regions ya mokili bisika rage ezali.<ref name=WHO2013/> Mingi pe na Europe na Australie, rage ezali kozuama kaka na kati ya bangembo.<ref>{{cite web|title=Presence / absence of rabies in 2007|url=http://www.who.int/rabies/Absence_Presence_Rabies_07_large.jpg?ua=1|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=1 March 2014|year=2007}}</ref> Ba îles mingi ezali na bokono ya rage te.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rabies-Free Countries and PoliticalUnits|url=http://www.cdc.gov/animalimportation/rabies-free-countries.html|work=CDC|accessdate=1 March 2014}}</ref> ==References== <references /> [[Catégorie:Bokɔnɔ]] [[Catégorie:WikiProject Medicine]] o6e36td9qej84weslhlsycvzrkwmzab 0 8350 135921 134331 2026-08-13T16:13:56Z InternetArchiveBot 10768 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260813sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 135921 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | name = Pulupulu | image = Multiple rotavirus particles.jpg | caption = Micrographie ya electron ya [[rotavirus]], ntína ya pene na 40% ya baye bakolálisama na mbéto ya lopitálo kowuta na pulupulu kati ya bána ya mibú na sé ya mítáno.<ref name=WHO2010a/> | DiseasesDB = 3742 | ICD10 = {{ICD10|A|09||a|00}}, {{ICD10|K|59|1|k|55}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|787.91}} | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = 003126 | eMedicineSubj = ped | eMedicineTopic = 583 | MeshID = D003967 }} <!-- Definition and Characteristics --> '''Pulupulu''' to '''diarrhées''' eza loléngé ya kolekisa bosoto ya petepete tǒ ya [[Mái|máyi]] máyí [[mosukusuku na mitshopo]] mikɔlɔ niɔ̂nsɔ.<!--<ref name=WHO2013/> --> Míngi míngi esálaka mua mikɔlɔ mpé ekokí komema [[bokauki ya máyi ya nzóto]] kolandana na bobungi bua máyi.<!--<ref name=WHO2013/> --> Bilembo ya bokauki ya máyi ya nzóto míngi míngi ebandaka na bobungi bua milelo ya loposo ya nzóto mpé mbóngwana ya bomoto.<!--<ref name=WHO2013/> --> Yangó ekokí kokoba kino na kozánga [[masuba]], [[pâleur|bobungi bua mokóbo ya loposo]], [[tachycardie|motema kobéta mbángu mbángu]], mpé [[niveau eke ya bokebi|bolembú ya kosála likambo]] tángo [[bokɔnɔ]] óyo boza kokóma makási koleka.<!--<ref name=WHO2013/> --> Kolekisa bosoto ya petepete kasi eye ezalí ya máyi te épáyi ya bána bake baye bazali [[komela libele ya mama]], yangó, ekoki kozala likambo tɛ̂.<ref name=WHO2013/> <!-- Cause and Diagnosis --> Ntína eye eyébaní míngi mpeza eza infection ya [[mitshopo]] kolandana na [[virus]], [[ba bacteries]], [[parasite]], to loléngé loye loyébani bo kovímba ya miqueuse tǒ [[gastro-entérite]].<!--<ref name=WHO2013/> --> Ba infections óyo míngi míngi ezwámaka na biléi tǒ na máyi óyo eza contaminé na nyei, to mbala mókó kowúta na mutu mosúsu óyo azalí na bokɔnɔ bona.<!--<ref name=WHO2013/> --> Ekokí kokabolama na loléngé mísáto: pulupulu ya máyi ya ngonga mokúsé, pulupulu ya [[makilá]] ya ngonga mokúsé, mpé sókí ewumeli koleka póso míbalé, yangó ezalí bôngó pulupulu ya moto mangwongi.<!--<ref name=WHO2013/> --> Pulupulu ya mayi ya ngonga mokúsé ekokí kozala elandani na infection ya [[choléra]].<!--<ref name=WHO2013/> --> Soki eza na makila yango eyebani mpe bo [[dysenterie]].<ref name=WHO2013/> Pulupulu ekokí mpé kozwama na banzelá misúsu óyo ezalí ya infection tɛ̂, yangó eza: [[hyperthyroïdie]], [[intolérance ya lactose]], [[bokɔnɔ ya kovímbisa mitshopo|bokono ya kovímba mitshopo]], loléngé sóngóló tǒ pakala ya bomeli bua nkísi, mpé [[syndrome ya kotungisama na mitshopo]].<ref name=CEM2013>{{cite book|last1=Doyle|first1=edited by Basem Abdelmalak, D. John|title=Anesthesia for otolaryngologic surgery|date=2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=1107018676|pages=282–287}}</ref> Na bambala mingi [[lolenge ya nyei]] esengelaka te mpo na koconfirmer ntina mpeza ya bokono.<ref name=NEJM2014/> <!-- Prevention and Treatment --> Prevention ya infection ya pulupulu esálemaka na nzelá ya bolengeli malámu [[assainissement]], [[máyi ya komela]] ya petwa, na [[kosukola mabɔ́kɔ]].<!--<ref name=WHO2013/> --> [[Komelisa mwǎna libɛ́lɛ ya mamá]] au moins sánzá motóbá yangó mpé ezalaka recommander bo [[vaccin rotavirus|mangwele ya bobáteli na rotavirus]].<!--<ref name=WHO2013/> --> [[Bozongisi máyi na nzelá ya komela|Solution ya bozongisi máyi na bomeli]] (ORS), yangó ezalí bôngó máyi ya petwa na [[motángo]] mokɛ́ ya mungwa mpé [[sukali]], yangó eza choix malámu ya traitement.<!-- <ref name=WHO2013/> --> [[Zinc#Dietary supplement|Ba comprimé ya Zinc]] ezalaka mpe recommandé.<ref name=WHO2013/> Ba traitements oyo etangemi bo ebikisa bamillion 50 ya bána na mibú 25 milekí.<ref name=WHO2010a>{{cite web |url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241598415_eng.pdf |title=whqlibdoc.who.int |format=PDF |work=[[World Health Organization]] |access-date=2015-07-14 |archivedate=2010-11-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101108051648/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2009/9789241598415_eng.pdf }}</ref> Tángo batu bazwamaka na pulupulu basengaka na bangó bákoba kolíya biléi malámu mpé babébé bakoba komela [[libɛ́lɛ]] ya mamá.<ref name=WHO2013/> Sókí máyi ya kozongisa na nzóto óyo etekamaka ezwamí tɛ̂, batu bakokí kosálela basolution eye elengelami na ndáko.<ref name=Prober2012>{{cite book|last1=Prober|first1=edited by Sarah Long, Larry Pickering, Charles G.|title=Principles and practice of pediatric infectious diseases|date=2012|publisher=Elsevier Saunders|location=Edinburgh|isbn=9781455739851|page=96|edition=4th |url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=TN2Gu2Af1BIC&pg=PA96}}</ref> Baye máyi ya nzóto ekaukí mpenzá makási bakokí kosengela na bozongisi [[máyi na nzelá intraveineuse|máyi na nzelá ya misisá]].<ref name=WHO2013/> Kasi, ba cas míngi; ekokí kolengelama malámu na bozongisi máyi na nzelá ya [[monɔkɔ]].<ref>{{cite web|author1=ACEP|title=Nation’s Emergency Physicians Announce List of Test and Procedures to Question as Part of Choosing Wisely Campaign|url=http://www.choosingwisely.org/nations-emergency-physicians-announce-list-of-test-and-procedures-to-question-as-part-of-choosing-wisely-campaign/|website=Choosing Wisely|accessdate=18 June 2014}}</ref> [[Ba antibiotique]], atáko basálelaka yangó míngi tɛ̂, ekokí kozala recommander mpɔ̂ na ba cas mikɛ́ neti mpɔ̂ na baye baza na pulupulu ya makilá na fièvre ya makási, baye baza na [[pulupulu ya bayí mibémbo|pulupulu makási sima ya mobémbo]], mpé baye bazwami na ba bacteries tǒ ba parasites sóngóló kati ya nyei nabangó.<ref name=NEJM2014/> [[Loperamide]] ekokí kosálisa mpô na kokitisa mosukusuku nakati ya mitshopo kasi eza recommander tɛ̂ mpô na baye bazalí kobela makási.<ref name=NEJM2014>{{cite journal|last1=DuPont|first1=HL|title=Acute infectious diarrhea in immunocompetent adults.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_new-england-journal-of-medicine_2014-04-17_370_16/page/1532|journal=The New England journal of medicine|date=Apr 17, 2014|volume=370|issue=16|pages=1532–40|pmid=24738670|doi=10.1056/nejmra1301069}}</ref> <!-- Epidemiology and Prognosis --> Pene ya 1.7 kino 5&nbsp; ya babillion ya ba cas ya pulupulu ezwamaka na mibú niɔ̂sɔ.<ref name=WHO2013/><ref name=CEM2013/> Ezwamaka míngi na [[ba pays en voie de développement]], épái wápi bǎna bake bazwaka pulupulu pene mbalà mísáto na mbúla.<ref name=WHO2013/> Na 2013 motángo ya baye bansɔ bakufáki na pulupulu ezalákí 1.26 million ya bato, motángo óyo mokitaki kowúta 2.58 million na 1990. Na 2012, pulupulu ezalákí ntína ya míbalé ya [[Kokúfa ya bomwǎna|liwâ ya bána]] mikɛ́ baye baza na mibú na sé ya mibú mítáno (0.76 million tɔ̌ 11%).<ref name=WHO2013/><ref name=CDC2013/> Pulupulu ya kozónga mbalà ná mbalà ezalaka mpé ntína ya [[bolei mabé]] mpé ntína ya mikakátano miye mikomelaka bǎna bake ya mibú na sé ya mítáno.<ref name=WHO2013>{{cite web|title=Diarrhoeal disease Fact sheet N°330|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs330/en/|website=World Health Organization|accessdate=18 June 2014|date=April 2013}}</ref> Nkókósó misúsu óyo ekokí kobimela sima na eleko molayi ekokí kowúta na bokóli mabé na nzóto mpe mayɛ́lɛ́.<ref name=CDC2013>{{cite web|title=Global Diarrhea Burden|url=http://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/global/diarrhea-burden.html|website=CDC|accessdate=18 June 2014|date=January 24, 2013}}</ref> ==Ba références== <references /> [[Catégorie:Bokɔnɔ]] [[Catégorie:Móngana]] [[Catégorie:Nzóto kɔ́lɔ́ngɔ́nú]] 8am1orky700xe96diezgs3dmdfsgkxz 0 8413 135924 135820 2026-08-13T16:16:50Z InternetArchiveBot 10768 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260813sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 135924 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox disease | Name = Epatíte A | image = Jaundice eye.jpg | caption = Mbongwana ya mokobo kokoma jaune mpo na epatíte A (''Hepatitis A'') | ICD10 = {{ICD10|B|15||b|15}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|070.0}}, {{ICD9|070.1}} | DiseasesDB = 5757 | MedlinePlus = 000278 | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 991 | MeshID = D006506 }} '''Epatíte A''' (eye eyebanaki kala bo '''epatíte eye epesamaka''') ezalí bokono [[Makasi (ya nzoto)|makasi]] boye bopesamaka na [[foie]] na nzela ya virus ya epatíte A (HAV).<ref name=Sherris>{{cite book | author = Ryan KJ, Ray CG (editors) | title = Sherris Medical Microbiology | url = https://archive.org/details/sherrismedicalmi0000unse_q1i3 | edition = 4th | pages = [https://archive.org/details/sherrismedicalmi0000unse_q1i3/page/541 541]–4 | publisher = McGraw Hill | year = 2004 | isbn = 0-8385-8529-9 }}</ref> Ba cas ebele elakisa obe bilembo mike to te mingi mpeza epayi ya bilenge.<ref name=AFP2012/> Ngonga kati ya tango virus ezwami na komonana ya bilembo, mpo na baye baza nayango, ezali kati ya poso mibale na motoba.<ref name="pmid16271543">{{cite journal| author=Connor BA| title=Hepatitis A vaccine in the last-minute traveler| journal=Am. J. Med.| volume=118 |issue=Suppl 10A| pages=58S–62S| year=2005| pmid=16271543| doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.07.018}}</ref> Tango bilembo bisili komonana bikoki koumela poso mwambe mpe kozala na: nausée, kosanza, pulupulu, [[mbongwana ya mokobo na jaune|loposo ya jaune]], fièvre, mpe mpasi na [[libumu]].<ref name=AFP2012/> Pene ya 10–15% ya batu bamonaka bilembo kozongelaka nakati ya eleko ya sanza motoba sima na mbala ya yambo ya bozwi virus.<ref name=AFP2012/> [[Mbeba makasi ya foie]] esalemaka mpeza te kasi esalemaka mingi mpeza na kibomokolo.<ref name=AFP2012/> == Ntína == Mingi mpeza ekabolamaka na bilei to mayi ya komela to mpe mayi oyo eza contaminé na nyei.<ref name=AFP2012>{{cite journal|last=Matheny|first=SC|last2=Kingery |first2=JE|title=Hepatitis A.|journal=Am Fam Physician |date=1 December 2012|volume=86|issue=11|pages=1027–34; quiz 1010–2|pmid=23198670 |url=http://www.aafp.org/afp/2012/1201/p1027.html}}</ref> [[Ba crustacés]] oyo elambemi malamu te ezalaka mpe mua ntina ya bokono oyo.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Bellou | first1 = M. | last2 = Kokkinos | first2 = P. | last3 = Vantarakis | first3 = A. | title = Shellfish-borne viral outbreaks: a systematic review. | journal = Food Environ Virol | volume = 5 | issue = 1 | pages = 13–23 |date=March 2013 | doi = 10.1007/s12560-012-9097-6 | pmid = 23412719 }}</ref> Ekoki mpe kokabolama na nzela ya kosimba mutu oyo azali nayango.<ref name=AFP2012/> Atako bana bake balakisaka bilembo te tango bazwami na virus ena bakoki mpe kokabola yango epayi ya basusu.<ref name=AFP2012/> Sima na kozwama obe mbala moko na virus ena mutu akomaka immuniser koloba ete akozwaka lisusu te bokono bona bomoyi naye mobimba.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Encyclopedia of Hepatitis and Other Liver Diseases|year=2006|publisher=Infobase |isbn=9780816069903|page=105|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=HfPU99jIfboC&pg=PA105}}</ref> Mpo na kosala diagnostic esengelaka komeka makila mpo ete bilembo nayango elandani na oyo ya maladi misusu ebele. <ref name=AFP2012/> Yango ezali bongo moko ya ba virus mitano ya [[epatíte]] oyo eyebani, eza: epatíte A, [[epatíte B|B]], [[epatíte C|C]], [[epatíte D|D]], na [[epatíte E|E]]. == Bokébisi mpé lisálisi == [[Mángwelé ma epatíte A]] esalaka mpo na prevention.<ref name=AFP2012/><ref name=Irv2012>{{Cite journal | last1 = Irving | first1 = GJ. | last2 = Holden | first2 = J. | last3 = Yang | first3 = R. | last4 = Pope | first4 = D. | title = Hepatitis A immunisation in persons not previously exposed to hepatitis A. | journal = Cochrane Database Syst Rev | volume = 7 | issue = | pages = CD009051 | year = 2012 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD009051.pub2 | pmid = 22786522 }}</ref> Ba mboka misusu esengaka yango esalema mbala na mbala mpo na bana mpe baye baza na risque monene mpe bazwa mangwele te liboso.<ref name=AFP2012/><ref name=WHO2013/> Emonani neti esalaka mpo na bomoyi mobimba.<ref name=AFP2012/> Ba mesure misusu ya prevention eza [[kosokola maboko]] mpe kolamba bilei malamu.<ref name=AFP2012/> Traitement specifique eza te, kopema mpe komela ba nkisi mpo na [[nausée]] to [[pulupulu]] ezalaka recommendé kolandana na bosenga.<ref name=AFP2012/> Mingi mingi ba infections esilaka mpeza mpe bokono ya [[Libale|foie]] ekobaka lisusu te.<ref name=AFP2012/> Traitement ya mbeba makasi ya foie, soki esalemi, ezalaka na [[transplantion ya foie]].<ref name=AFP2012/> == Epidemiologi == Na mokili mobimba pene ya million 1.5 ya ba cas ya bilembo ya epatíte ezwamaka na mibu nionso<ref name=AFP2012/> mpe pene ya ebele ya bamillion ya bainfections.<ref name=Was2006>{{cite journal|last=Wasley|first=A|author2=Fiore, A |author3=Bell, BP |title=Hepatitis A in the era of vaccination.|journal=Epidemiol Rev |year=2006|volume=28|pages=101–11|pmid=16775039 |doi=10.1093/epirev/mxj012 |url=http://epirev.oxfordjournals.org/content/28/1/101.long}}</ref> Esalemaka mingi na bituka biye bizali na assainissement malamu te mpe bozangi mayi ya petwa.<ref name=WHO2013>{{cite web|title=Hepatitis A Fact sheet N°328|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs328/en/|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=20 February 2014|date=July 2013}}</ref> Na [[ba pays en voie de développement]] pene ya 90% ya bana basilaki kozwa infection na mibu 10 nayango baza immuniser na kimokolo.<ref name=WHO2013/> Mingi mingi esalemaka na eleko ya ba épidémie na ba pays oyo eza kamua développés epayi wapi bana bazalaka exposé te tango bazali naino bake mpe mangwele epesamaka bisika mingi te.<ref name=WHO2013/> Na mobu ya 2010, epatíte A ya makasi ememaki liwa ya batu 102,000.<ref name=Loz2012>{{cite journal|last=Lozano|first=R|title=Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_december-15-2012-january-4-2013_380_9859/page/2095|journal=Lancet|date=Dec 15, 2012|volume=380|issue=9859|pages=2095–128|pmid=23245604|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0}}</ref> [[Mokolo ya Mokili Mobimba mpo na Epatíte]] milulu misalemaka mibu nionso na mokolo ya 28 na sanza ya Sambo mpo na koteya likolo ya [[epatíte viral]].<ref name=WHO2013/> == Ba références == <references /> [[Catégorie:Bokɔnɔ]] 14xqa3m36g6y2ps5a6vwiuvh8yu1oxf 0 8428 135922 128634 2026-08-13T16:14:54Z InternetArchiveBot 10768 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260813sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 135922 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Defecating into a pit (schematic) Lingala.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|Elili ya libulu ya latrine na nzungu ya kongubamela mpe ebombamelo.<ref name=":0">{{cite book|last1=WEDC|title=Latrine slabs: an engineer’s guide, WEDC Guide 005|publisher=Water, Engineering and Development Centre The John Pickford Building School of Civil and Building Engineering Loughborough University|isbn=978 1 84380 143 6|pages=22|url=http://wedc.lboro.ac.uk/resources/booklets/G005-Latrine-slabs-on-line.pdf}}</ref>]] <!-- Definition and benefits --> '''Latrine ya libulu''' to '''WC ya libulu''' eza lolenge moko ya [[toilette]] eye eyambaka [[nyei ya batu]] nakati ya lidusu eye epukami na mabele. Esalelaka mayi te mpe litre moko to misatu te ya mayi ya vidange.<ref name="Till2014">{{cite book|author=Tilley, E., Ulrich, L., Lüthi, C., Reymond, Ph. and Zurbrügg, C.|title=Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies|date=2014|publisher=Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag)|location=Dübendorf, Switzerland|isbn=9783906484570|edition=2|url=http://www.sandec.ch/compendium}}</ref> Tango etongami mpe ebatelami ndenge elongobani ekoki kokitisa bopalanganisi ya ba maladi na nzela ya bokitisi motango ya nyei ya batu nakati na nzinga nzinga kowuta na [[kosumba esika polele]].<ref name=WHO3.4/><ref name=UN2015>{{cite web|title=Call to action on sanitation|url=http://sanitationdrive2015.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/DSG_Sanitation_Fast-Facts_final.pdf|website=United Nations|accessdate=15 August 2014|format=pdf|archivedate=13 May 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150513064157/http://sanitationdrive2015.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/DSG_Sanitation_Fast-Facts_final.pdf}}</ref> Yango ekitisaka bongo bomemi ba [[agents pathogènes]] kati na ba nyei mpe bilei na ba [[nzinzi]].<ref name=WHO3.4/> Ba agents pathogènes oyo baza ntina monene ya [[infection ya pulupulu]] mpe [[helminthiases|infections ya mitsopo na minyo]].<ref name=UN2015/> Infection ya pulupulu ememaki liwa ya pene na 0.7 million ya bana ya mibu na se ya mitano na 2011 mpe kobungisa 250 million ya mikolo ya kelasi.<ref name=UN2015/><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Walker|first1=CL|last2=Rudan|first2=I|last3=Liu|first3=L|last4=Nair|first4=H|last5=Theodoratou|first5=E|last6=Bhutta|first6=ZA |last7=O'Brien|first7=KL|last8=Campbell|first8=H|last9=Black|first9=RE|title=Global burden of childhood pneumonia and diarrhoea.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_april-20-26-2013_381_9875/page/1405|journal=Lancet|date=Apr 20, 2013|volume=381|issue=9875|pages=1405–16|pmid=23582727|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60222-6}}</ref>&nbsp;Ba latrines ya libulu eza lolenge ya bokaboli nyei na batu eye ekosenga misolo mike mpeza.<ref name=WHO3.4/> <!-- Construction and emptying--> Mingi mingi mpeza latrine ya libulu ezalaka na biteni misatu: lidusu na mabele, nzungu to pavement na lidusu moke, na mpe ebombamelo.<ref name="Till2014" /> Mpeza libulu ezalaka na au moins 3&nbsp;mètres (10&nbsp;pieds) na bozindo mpe 1 m (3.2 pieds) na pembeni.<ref name="Till2014" /> [[Organisation Mondiale ya Santé]] esengaka ete etongama kamua mosika na ndaku na botali ndenge ya koyanola likambo ya facilité ya bokoti na solo.<ref name=WHO3.4/> Distance kowuta na [[mayi ya se ya mabele]] kino na [[mayi ya likolo ya mabele]] esengeli ezala monene mpo na kokitisa risque ya pollution. Lidusu nakati ya nzungu esengeli te ezala monene koleka 25 centimètres (9,8 pouces) mpo na kosala ete bana bakweya nakati te.<!-- <ref name=WHO3.4/> --> Esengeli kokanga nzela mpo na pole (lumière) ekota te na libulu mpo na kitisa boingeli ya ba nzinzi.<!-- <ref name=WHO3.4/> --> Yango ekoki kosenga ete ezipeli ezala mpo na kozipaka libulu eye eza na pavement tango mutu moko te azali kosalela yango.<ref name=WHO3.4>{{cite web|title=Simple pit latrine (fact sheet 3.4)|url=http://helid.digicollection.org/en/d/Js13461e/3.4.html|website=who.int|date=1996|accessdate=15 August 2014|archivedate=19 December 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121219220918/http://helid.digicollection.org/en/d/Js13461e/3.4.html}}</ref> Tango libulu etondi kino pene ya 0.5 mètres (1.6 pieds) na likolo, ekosengela kovider yango to kotonga libulu mususu ya sika mpe komema ebombamelo nayango to mpe kotongela libulu ya sika ebombamelo nayango.<ref name="VIP2003">{{cite book|author1=François Brikké|title=Linking technology choice with operation and maintenance in the context of community water supply and sanitation|date=2003|publisher=World Health Organization|isbn=9241562153|page=108|url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2003/9241562153.pdf}}</ref> Bolengeli [[potopoto ya nyei]] eye ebimisami na libulu ezalaka mua mpasi. Ezalaka na ba risques environnemental mpe ya santé soki esalemi malamu te. <!-- Improvements --> Latrine ya libulu ya simple ekoki kozala améliorer na ba nzela ndenge na ndenge. Moko ya ba nzela ezali bobakisi tuyau ya kolekisa mopepe kowuta na libulu kino na likolo ya toilette.<!-- <ref name=VIP2003/> --> Yango ebongisaka bolekisi mopepe mpe ekitisaka solo na toilette.<!-- <ref name=VIP2003/> --> Ekoki mpe kokitisa motango ya ba nzinzi tango mutu ya tuyau ezipami na kiyungulu (mingi mingi oyo esalemi na [[fibre de verre]]).<!-- <ref name=VIP2003/> --> Na balolenge ya ba toilettes oyo esengeli kosalela ezipeli mpo na kozipa lidusu ya toilette oyo eza na pavement.<ref name=VIP2003/> Lolenge mosusu ya amélioration eza pavement eye etongami na ndenge ya kotsiolisa mayi mpe kolendisa likolo ya libulu ya toilette na ba briques to ciment mpo na koaméliorer bokasi nayango.<ref name="Till2014" /><ref name=VIP2003/> <!-- Usage, Society and Culture --> Uta mobu ya 2013, etangemi ete milliard 1.77 ya batu basalelaka ba latrines ya mabulu.<ref name=Graham2013>{{cite journal|last1=Graham|first1=JP|last2=Polizzotto|first2=ML|title=Pit latrines and their impacts on groundwater quality: a systematic review.|journal=Environmental health perspectives|date=May 2013|volume=121|issue=5|pages=521–30|pmid=23518813|doi=10.1289/ehp.1206028}}</ref> Yango eza mingi mingi mpeza nakati ya ba [[pays en déloppement|pays en voie de développement]] mpe na ba milieux [[ruraux]] mpe [[désertiques]]. Na 2011 pene ya 2.5 milliard ya batu bazangaki toilette eye elongobani mpe milliard moko balandaki nzela ya [[kosumba na esika ya polele]] nzinga nzinga nabango.<ref name="UN2014Report" /> [[Azia ya Se]] na [[Afrika ya Se ya Sahara]] eza mikili miye miza na mikakatano ebele mpeza mpo na bozui toilette.<ref name=UN2014Report>{{cite book|title=Progress on sanitation and drinking-water - 2014 update.|date=2014|publisher=WHO|isbn=9789241507240|pages=16–20|url=http://www.unicef.org/publications/files/JMP_report_2014_webEng.pdf|format=pdf}}</ref> Na ba pays en voie de développement talo mpo na kozua toilette simple moko eza kati ya 25 na 60 $ USA.<ref name="Wiley-Blackwell">{{cite book|last1=Selendy|first1=Janine M. H.|title=Water and sanitation-related diseases and the environment challenges, interventions, and preventive measures|date=2011|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|location=Hoboken, N.J.|isbn=9781118148600|page=25|edition=|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=nZlS4ZfUOZUC&pg=PA25}}</ref> Talo mpo na misala ya kokoba kolengela toilette eza kati ya 1.5 na 4 $ USA na mutu moko na moko na mobu mobimba, oyo batalelaka yango kutu te.<ref>{{cite book|title=Sanitation and Hygiene in Africa Where Do We Stand?|date=2013|publisher=Intl Water Assn|isbn=9781780405414|page=161|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=_CkDAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA161}}</ref> Na ba mileiux ruraux misusu na [[Inde]] campagne ya "No Toilet, No Bride" (koloba ete 'Soki toilette eza te, Likwela eza te') esalemaki mpo na kopromouvoir ba toilettes na nzela ya bosengi basi baboya kobala mibali oyo baza na toilette te.<ref name="Cambridge University Press">{{cite book|title=Global Problems, Smart Solutions: Costs and Benefits|date=2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781107435247|page=623|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=g9tRAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA623}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url = http://blogs.worldbank.org/impactevaluations/haryanas-scarce-women-tell-potential-suitors-no-loo-no-i-do-guest-post-by-yaniv-stopnitzky|title = Haryana's scarce women tell potential suitors: "No loo, no I do"|date = 12 December 2011|accessdate = 17 November 2014|website = Development Impact|publisher = Blog of World Bank|last = Stopnitzky|first = Yaniv}}</ref> ==Ba références== <references /> 5283wvfnw4eo1gdlpdehwpyr3skd038 0 8430 135919 135818 2026-08-13T16:12:50Z InternetArchiveBot 10768 Add 3 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260813sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 135919 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | Name = Bolei Mabe | Image = Orange ribbon.svg | Caption = Ruban ya orange—[[ruban ya boyebisi]] mpo na malnutrition. | Width = 120 | DiseasesDB = | ICD10 = | ICD9 = 263.9 | ICDO = | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = 000404 | eMedicineSubj = ped | eMedicineTopic = 1360 | MeshID = D044342 }} <!-- Definition and Symptoms --> '''Bolei mabe''' to '''malnutrition''' eza lolenge loye lowuti na bolei bilei biye bizali na ba [[élément nutritif]] ya kokoka te to ya koleka neti kino komema nkokoso na nzoto.<ref>{{DorlandsDict|five/000062745|malnutrition}}</ref><ref name=FFL2010>{{cite book|first1=UNICEF|title=Facts for life|date=2010|publisher=United Nations Children's Fund|location=New York|isbn=978-92-806-4466-1|pages=61 and 75|edition=4th ed.|url=http://www.unicef.org/nutrition/files/Facts_for_Life_EN_010810.pdf}}</ref> Ba élément nutritif oyo etalemi awa ekoki kozala: ba [[calories]], [[protéine]], ba [[hydrates ya carbone]], ba [[vitamine]] to ba [[élément diététique|minéraux]].<ref name=FFL2010/> Mingi mingi mpeza liloba oyo esalelamaka mpo na kolakisa '''sous-alimentation''' epayi wapi ba calories, protéine to ba [[élément nutritif ya mike mike]] eza ya kokoka te; kasi, ekoki mpe kozala [[suralimentation]].<ref name=Young2012>{{cite book|last1=Young|first1=E.M.|title=Food and development|date=2012|publisher=Routledge|location=Abingdon, Oxon|isbn=9781135999414|pages=36–38|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=XhwKwNzJVjQC&pg=PA36}}</ref><ref name=Jones2011>{{cite book|title=Essentials of International Health|date=2011|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Publishers|isbn=9781449667719|page=194|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=lt7TqZPZSlIC&pg=PA194}}</ref> Soki sous-alimetation esalemi na ntongo ya [[zemi]] to liboso ya mwana kokokisa mibu mibale ekoki komema ba nkokoso ya koumela libela na nzoto mpe na bongo.<ref name=FFL2010/> Sous-alimentation ya koluta, eye eyebani bo [[bozangi bilei]], ekoki kozala na bilembo biye: kokoma mokuse, nzoto ya kokonda, kosila makasi ya nzoto, mpe kovimba [[Lokolo|makolo]] na [[libumu]].<ref name=FFL2010/><ref name=Young2012/> Mingi mingi lisusu batu bazwaka ba infections mpe bakomaka na [[hypothermie|malili]].<!-- <ref name=Young2012/> --> Bilembo ya ba [[carances ya ba éléments nutritifs ya mike mike]] elandanaka na élément nutritif ya moke eye ezali kozanga.<ref name=Young2012/> <!-- Cause --> Sous-alimentation esalalemaka mingi mpeza kolandana na bozangi bilei ya qualité ya malamu mpeza mpo na kolia.<ref name=WHO2014/> Yango elandanaka mingi mpeza na talo ya bilei makasi koleka mpe [[pauvreté]].<ref name=FFL2010/><ref name=WHO2014/> Kozanga [[komelisa libele ya mama|komelisa mwana libele ya mama]] ekoki kocontribuer, neti kaka ba [[maladies infectieuses]] ya ndenge na ndenge lokola: [[gastro-entérite]], [[pneumonie]], [[malaria]] na [[rougeole]] eye ebakisaka bosenga ya ba élément nutritif.<ref name=WHO2014/> Eza na lolenge mibale ya sous-alimentation: [[malnutrition na proteine-énergie]] mpe ba carences diététiques.<ref name=Jones2011/> Malnutrition na proteine-énergie ezalaka na lolenge mibale ya makasi: [[marasme]] (bozangi proteine na ba calories) mpe [[kwashiorkor]] (bozangi proteine kaka).<ref name=Young2012/> Ba carences ya ba éléments nutritifs oyo eyebani mingi mpeza eza: bozangi [[carence ya fer|fer]], [[carence ya iode|iode]] na [[carence ya vitamine A|vitamine A]].<ref name=Young2012/> Na eleko ya [[zemi]], kolandana na bosenga ebele, ba carences esalemaka mingi mingi mpeza.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Konje|first1=editor, Mala Arora ; co-editor, Justin C.|title=Recurrent pregnancy loss|date=2007|publisher=Jaypee Bros. Medical Publishers|location=New Delhi|isbn=9788184480061|edition=2nd ed.}}</ref> Na ba [[pays en voie de développement]] misusu suralimentation na lolenge ya [[obésité]] ebandi komonana ote ya bikolo bina bo sous-alimentation.<ref>{{cite web|title=Progress For Children: A Report Card On Nutrition|url=http://www.unicef.org/nutrition/files/Progress_for_Children_-_No._4.pdf|publisher=UNICEF|access-date=2015-09-22|archivedate=2021-01-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112154958/https://www.unicef.org/nutrition/files/Progress_for_Children_-_No._4.pdf}}</ref> Ntina misusu ya malnutrition eza [[anorexie mentale]] na [[chirugie bariatrique]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Prentice|first1=editor-in-chief, Benjamin Caballero ; editors, Lindsay Allen, Andrew|title=Encyclopedia of human nutrition|date=2005|publisher=Elsevier/Academic Press|location=Amsterdam|isbn=9780080454283|page=68|edition=2nd ed.|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=DHtERWm0mrcC&pg=RA1-PA68}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Stoelting's anesthesia and co-existing disease|date=2012|publisher=Saunders/Elsevier|location=Philadelphia|isbn=9781455738120|page=324|edition=6th ed.|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=yxTtmJYPUV0C&pg=PA324}}</ref> <!-- Treatment --> Makasi maye masalamaka mpo na komatisa [[nutrition]] mazali moko ya lolonge ya [[aide au développement]] ya solo solo.<ref name=UK2012/> Komelisa mwana libela ya mama ekoki kotisa taux ya malnutrition mpe liwa ya bana mike,<ref name=FFL2010/> mpe makasi mpo na kopromouvoir lolenge lona mamatisaka taux ya bomelisi mwana libele ya mama.<ref name=Bh2013/> Bopesi bana mike belei kobakisa na libele ya mama kati ya sanza motoba na mibu mibale e amélioraka ba résultats.<ref name=Bh2013/> Ba preuves ya komonana eza kosoutenir ba [[suppléments alimentaires|suppléments]] mpo na ba éléments nutritifs ya mike mike ya ndenge na ndenge mpo na ba mama na eleko ya [[Zémi|zemi]] mpe mpo na bana mike nakati ya ba pays en voie de déloppement.<ref name=Bh2013/> Kopesa bilei na batu baye bazali na bosenga nayango koleka ezala bopesi bilei to bopesi mbongo mpo ete batu bakoka kosomba bilei nataki ya ba nzando nabango, esalisaka mpeza.<ref name=UK2012/><ref>{{cite web|title=World Food Programme, Cash and Vouchers for Food|url=http://documents.wfp.org/stellent/groups/public/documents/communications/wfp246176.pdf|website=WFP.org|accessdate=5 July 2014|date=April 2012}}</ref> Kopesa batu bilei kaka na bitelelo nabango ya kelasi ekoki te.<ref name=UK2012/> Kolandela malnutrition oyo ya makasi na ndaku ya mutu oyo azali nayango na ba [[aliment thérapeutique#Aliments Thérapeutiques prêts pour consommation|Aliments Thérapeutiques prêts pour consommation]] mbala mingi esalemaka.<ref name=Bh2013/> Epayi ya baye bazali na malnutrition ya makasi eye eza compliqué na mikakatano misusu ya bonkolongono, kolandela traitement na lopitalo ezalaka recommandé.<ref name=Bh2013/> Mingi mingi ezalaka kolandela [[hypoglycémie|sukali nakati ya makila]], [[hypothermie|température ya nzoto]], [[bokauki ya mayi ya nzoto]], mpe kolia graduellement.<ref name=Bh2013/><ref name=WHO2003>{{cite book|first1=World Health Organization. Authors: Ann Ashworth|title=Guidelines for the inpatient treatment of severely malnourished children|url=https://archive.org/details/guidelinesforinp0000unse|date=2003|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|isbn=9241546093}}</ref> Bomeli ba [[antibiotiques]] mbala na mbala mingi mingi ezalaka recommander mpo na risque ya infection.<ref name=WHO2003/> Ba mesures ya long-terme eza: kobakisa misala ya bilanga,<ref name=solcultivateplanet>{{cite journal |author=Jonathan A. Foley, Navin Ramankutty, Kate A. Brauman, Emily S. Cassidy, James S. Gerber, Matt Johnston, Nathaniel D. Mueller, Christine O’Connell, Deepak K. Ray, Paul C. West, Christian Balzer, Elena M. Bennett, Stephen R. Carpenter, Jason Hill1, Chad Monfreda, Stephen Polasky1, Johan Rockström, John Sheehan, Stefan Siebert, David Tilman1, David P. M. Zaks |title=Solutions for a cultivated planet |journal=Nature |volume=478 |issue=7369 |pages=337–342 |date=October 2011|pmid=21993620|url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v478/n7369/full/nature10452.html |doi=10.1038/nature10452}}</ref> kokitisa taux ya pauvreté, koaméliorer [[assainissement]], mpe [[bopesi makoki na ba mama|kopesa makoki na ba mama]].<ref name=UK2012/> <!-- Epidemiology, Society and Culture --> Na mobu ya 2010 na mokili mobimba batu baye baza sous-alimenté bazalaki 925&nbsp;million.<ref name="FAO2010">{{cite web|title=Global hunger declining, but still unacceptably high International hunger targets difficult to reach|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/012/al390e/al390e00.pdf|website=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|accessdate=1 July 2014|date=September 2010}}</ref><ref name="Fao2008">{{cite book|last1=Food|last2=(FAO)|first2=Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|title=The state of food insecurity in the world, 2008 : high food prices and food security : threats and opportunities|date=2008|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)|location=Rome|isbn=978-92-5-106049-0|page=2|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/011/i0291e/i0291e00.htm|quote=FAO’s most recent estimates put the number of hungry [actually, malnourished] people at 923 million in 2007, an increase of more than 80 million since the 1990–92 base period.}}</ref> Yango ezali bongo kobakisama ya batu 80&nbsp;million uta 1990 to kokita ya 2,5 % na pourcentage ya baye baza sous-alimenté.<ref name="FAO2010"/> Milliard moko ya batu basusu batangemi bo baye bazangi ba vitamines na ba minéraux.<ref name="UK2012">{{cite web|title=An update of ‘The Neglected Crisis of Undernutrition: Evidence for Action’|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/67319/undernutrition-finalevidence-oct12.pdf|website=www.gov.uk|publisher=Department for International Development|accessdate=5 July 2014|date=Oct 2012}}</ref> Na 2013 [[malnutrition na proteine-énergie]] etalemaki neti liye limemaki liwa ya batu 469, 000 motango oyo mokitaki kowuta na batu 510, 000 na mobu ya 1990.<ref name="Loz2012" /> Ba carences misusu ya nutrition, oyo eza [[carence ya iode]] na [[anémie mpo na carence ya fer]], ememaki liwa ya batu 84,000 basusu.<ref name="Loz2012">{{cite journal |author=Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, et al. |title=Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 |journal=Lancet |volume=380 |issue=9859 |pages=2095–128 |date=December 2012 |pmid=23245604 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_december-15-2012-january-4-2013_380_9859/page/2095}}</ref> Sous-alimentation na mobu ya 2010 ezalaki ntina ya 1.4 % na nionso ya [[mibu ya bomoyi miye miza ajuster kolandana na handicape]].<ref name="UK2012" /><ref name="Lim2012">{{cite journal |author=Lim SS, Vos T, Flaxman AD, et al. |title=A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 |journal=Lancet |volume=380 |issue=9859 |pages=2224–60 |date=December 2012 |pmid=23245609 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61766-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_december-15-2012-january-4-2013_380_9859/page/2224}}</ref>Pene na un tiers ya liwa epayi ya bana endimami ete eza ntina na sous-alimentation; kasi, mbala mingi te baweyi batangemaka bo baye bakufi mpo na sous-alimentation.<ref name="WHO2014">{{cite web|title=Maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health|url=http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/topics/child/malnutrition/en/|website=WHO|accessdate=4 July 2014}}</ref> Na 2010 sous-alimentaion etalemaki bo liye licontribuaki na liwa ya basi mpe bana pene na 1.5 million<ref name="Lim2012"/> atako basusu baza kokanisa ete motango oyo mokoki kozala monene koluta 3&nbsp;million.<ref name="Bh2013"/> Million 165&nbsp;mosusu ya bana baza na [[retard ya croissance]] kowuta na bolei mabe.<ref name=Bh2013>{{cite journal|last1=Bhutta|first1=ZA|last2=Das|first2=JK|last3=Rizvi|first3=A|last4=Gaffey|first4=MF|last5=Walker|first5=N|last6=Horton|first6=S|last7=Webb|first7=P|last8=Lartey|first8=A|last9=Black|first9=RE|last10=Lancet Nutrition Interventions Review|first10=Group|last11=Maternal and Child Nutrition Study|first11=Group|title=Evidence-based interventions for improvement of maternal and child nutrition: what can be done and at what cost?|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_august-3-9-2013_382_9890/page/452|journal=Lancet|date=Aug 3, 2013|volume=382|issue=9890|pages=452–77|pmid=23746776|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60996-4}}</ref> Sous-alimentation mingi mingi ezalaka na ba[[ pays en voie de développement]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Liz Young|title=World Hunger Routledge Introductions to Development|date=2002|isbn=9781134774944|page=20|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=w4CGAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA20}}</ref> Ba groupe songolo ya batu baza na taux monene ya sous-alimentation, yango ezali bongo basi mingi mingi tango ya zemi to ya bomelisi mwana libele, bana baye baza na mibu na se ya mitano mpe bampaka. Na [[bompaka]] malnutrition esalemaka mingi mingi mpeza kolanada na ba facteurs physique, psychologique mpe social.^{<ref>{{cite book|last1 = editors|first1 = Ronnie A. Rosenthal, Michael E. Zenilman, Mark R. Katlic,|title = Principles and practice of geriatric surgery|date = 2011|publisher = Springer|location = Berlin|isbn = 9781441969996|page = 78|edition = 2nd ed.|url = http://books.google.ca/books?id=VcgmpMZE6a8C&pg=PA87}}</ref>} ==Ba références== <references /> gx1iigk3a1iw85wbxc9xrbzhao5dnmc 0 13136 135914 129326 2026-08-13T15:09:33Z Nissiel Biozi 13798 Créé en traduisant la section « Biographie » de la page « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/234322566|Aminata Namasia]] » 135914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2}} '''Aminata Namasia Bazego,''' abotami [[Mokɔlɔ 10 sánzá ya mísáto|o mokɔlɔ 10 na sánzá]] [[1993|ya mísato ya 1993]] na Dingila azalí [[Moí-politíki|mutu ya politiki]], molobeli ya [[Kongó-Kinsásá|kongo-kisasa]] . Na mokolo ya 12 na sanza ya minei 2021, aponamaki ministre adjoint ya mateya ya ebandeli, ya mibale mpe ya tekiniki na boyangeli ya Sama Lukonde. == Bomɔi == === Bomwana mpe kelasi === Aminata Namasia abotami o [[Mokɔlɔ 10 sánzá ya mísáto|mokɔlɔ 10 na sanza ya misato ya]] [[1993]] o Dingila o etuka ya [[Wɛlɛ ya Nsé|Bas-Uele]] o [[Kongó-Kinsásá|Ekolo kongo-kinsasa]] . Azwaki mateya na ye ya ebandeli na Complexe scolaire ya Golpas. Elingi koloba, ayekolaki na Institut Mgr Bokeleale. Na 2017, azui diplôme ya nkita ya mbongo na faculté ya administration d’affaires mpe siansi ya nkita ya université protestante du Congo (UPC). === Mosala ya politiki === Aminata Namasia aponami molobeli ya ekolo na circonscription ya Bambesa, o etuka ya [[Wɛlɛ ya Nsé|Bas-Uele]], na maponami ya ba mikeli mibeko ya le 30 na sanza zomi na mibale ya 2018 na [[Kongó-Kinsásá|kongo-kinsasa]] . Mosangani ya [[Parti congolais pour le développement]] ( ''PCD'' ), alongi kiti se moko na district électoral ya Bambesa penepene ya ba mosengi-boponami zomi na motoba ya mibali mpe ba concurrents minei ya basi. Na sanza zomi na mibale ya 2020, mokonzi ya mboka [[Félix Tshisekedi]] asilisaki coalition ya Front commun pour le Congo – Cap pour le changement (na)</link> (FCC-Cach) mpe azali kokela nzinganzinga na yango ''Union Sacré''<ref>https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20201206-rdc-f%C3%A9lix-tshisekedi-annonce-la-fin-de-la-coalition-fcc-cach</ref>. Le 8 ya sanza zomi na mibale ya 2020, sima ya bokangami ya Bureau ya lisanga ya ekolo, na kotalela mibeko ya kati na yango, molobeli ya liboso, accompagné na bana mibale ya mike, azuaki charge ya Bureau, na mission ya kobongisa pe ko installer ''bureau'' . ''ya sikisiki''<ref>{{Cite web|language=en-GB|title=African youth call for policies on sexual reproductive health|url=https://www.pd.co.ke/news/national/african-youth-call-for-policies-on-sexual-reproductive-health-24855/|date=2020-02-13|access-date=2021-07-27}}</ref> . <ref>{{Cite web|title=mediacongo.net - Actualités - Assemblée nationale : Aminata Namasia, la plus jeune députée|url=https://www.mediacongo.net/article-actualite-46983_assemblee_nationale_aminata_namasia_la_plus_jeune_deputee.html|access-date=2021-07-27}}</ref> , , [[Palemá|3]] <ref>{{Cite web|language=en-US|title=DRC: Aminata Namasia, 25, the youngest elected Member of Parliament.|url=https://regionweek.com/drc-aminata-namasia-25-the-youngest-elected-member-of-parliament/|date=2019-01-31|access-date=2021-07-27}}</ref> , [ 4 <ref>{{Cite web|language=fr-FR|title=RDC: Aminata Namasia, 25 ans, la plus jeune députée élue|url=https://africanshapers.com/rdc-aminata-namasia-25-ans-la-plus-jeune-deputee-elue/|date=2019-01-30|access-date=2021-07-27}}</ref> , Le 12 ya sanza ya minei<ref>{{Cite web|language=fr-FR|title=RDC : Aminata Namasia, 28 ans, la plus jeune ministre du nouveau gouvernement|url=https://africanshapers.com/rdc-aminata-namasia-28-ans-la-plus-jeune-ministre-du-nouveau-gouvernement/|date=2021-04-13|access-date=2021-07-27}}</ref>, azuaki ebonga ya ministre national adjoint ya mateya ya ebandeli, ya mibale mpe ya tekiniki , boyangeli ya Sama Lukonde <ref>{{Cite web|language=fr-FR|title=Du bureau d’âge au Gouvernement, Aminata Namasia, l’ascension de la plus jeune députée de la RDC|url=https://www.politico.cd/encontinu/2021/04/12/du-bureau-dage-au-gouvernement-aminata-namasia-lascension-de-la-plus-jeune-deputee-de-la-rdc.html/81386/|date=2021-04-12|access-date=2021-07-27|archivedate=2021-07-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727172247/https://www.politico.cd/encontinu/2021/04/12/du-bureau-dage-au-gouvernement-aminata-namasia-lascension-de-la-plus-jeune-deputee-de-la-rdc.html/81386/}}</ref> === Basusu === Aminata Namasia azali promoteur ya fondation oyo ememi kombo na ye mpe oyo bureau central na yango ezali na territoire ya Bambesa na nord-est ya [[Kongó-Kinsásá|kongo-kinsasa]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Kopi ya archive |url=https://www.politico.cd/encontinu/2021/06/22/epst-la-vice-ministre-aminata-namasia-lance-latelier-sur-la-mise-en-place-du-projet-cantine-scolaire-en-rdc.html/87054/ |access-date=2024-03-08 |archivedate=2024-03-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308101159/https://www.politico.cd/encontinu/2021/06/22/epst-la-vice-ministre-aminata-namasia-lance-latelier-sur-la-mise-en-place-du-projet-cantine-scolaire-en-rdc.html/87054/ }}</ref>. Ekelamaki na 2016, bonene ya misala ya fondation ezali mateya ya bilenge basi, botomboli ba cantine ya biteyelo, bopesi makoki na basi mpe botomboli masano na bamboka <ref name=":1" />. == Etatoli == <references/> [[Catégorie:Moí-politíki wa Kongó-Kinsásá]] == Biographie == === Bomwana mpe kelasi === Aminata Namasia abotami o mokɔlɔ ya zomi na sanza ya Mársi na zomi na libwa ntuku libwa na misato o Dingila o etuka ya [[Bas-Uélé|Bas-Uele]] o [[Kongó-Kinsásá|Ekolo Congo démocratiki]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.digitalcongo.net/article/5c5d5d0d100b59000439655b/}}</ref> Asilisaki kelasi na ye ya ebandeli na Complexe scolaire ya Golpas. Na nkoto mibale zomi na nsambo, azuaki diplôme na économie monétaire na Faculté ya administration ya ba entreprises na nkita ya nkita ya [[Bobɔ́ngɔ bwa Mísiɔni ya Kongó|Université protestante ya Congo]] (UPC),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zoom-eco.net/a-la-une/rdc-aminata-namasia-la-plus-jeune-du-gouvernement-sama-lukonde/}}</ref>.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://actualite.cd/2019/04/01/aminata-namasia-lascension-de-la-plus-jeune-deputee-de-la-rdc-portrait}}</ref> o2bu41j1d9zuqi3xgf3bscdum8lmtyk 0 13168 135911 128871 2026-08-13T14:26:05Z Nissiel Biozi 13798 Créé en traduisant la section « __LEAD_SECTION__ » de la page « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/232601625|Lina Muvaro]] » 135911 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lina Muvaro''', abotama o [[Kongó-Kinsásá]], azali moto ya makusa. '''Lina Muvaro''', abotami na [[Kongó-Kinsásá|Congo-Kinshasa]], azali [[Moí-politíki|moto ya politiki]] mpe mokambi ya restaurant ". Le Cordon bleu ya bleu » mpe mosali ya restora ya Bokambi ya mboka [[Kongó-Kinsásá|ya Congo]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.radiookapi.net/2015/11/30/emissions/femme-actuelle/lina-muvaro-la-cuisine-une-histoire-de-famille-et-des-sous|date=2015-11-30}}</ref>,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://congoprofond.net/rdc-le-cabinet-de-f-tshisekedi-est-la-liste-complete-des-conseillers-speciaux-et-directeurs-nommes/|date=2019-03-08}}</ref>.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://depeche.cd/2022/02/01/rdc-commemoration-de-la-mort-detienne-tshisekedi-felix-tshisekedi-devoile-le-monument-dedie-a-son-feu-pere/|date=2022-02-01}}</ref> == Lisolo ya bomɔi == Lina Muvaro, abotama na Kongó-Kinsásá, azali moto ya politiki mokambi ya restaurant "Le Cordon bleu" mpé restaurateur na présidence congolaise<ref>https://www.radiookapi.net/2015/11/30/emissions/femme-actuelle/lina-muvaro-la-cuisine-une-histoire-de-famille-et-des-sous</ref>{{,}}<ref>https://congoprofond.net/rdc-le-cabinet-de-f-tshisekedi-est-la-liste-complete-des-conseillers-speciaux-et-directeurs-nommes/</ref>{{,}}<ref>https://depeche.cd/2022/02/01/rdc-commemoration-de-la-mort-detienne-tshisekedi-felix-tshisekedi-devoile-le-monument-dedie-a-son-feu-pere/</ref> == Etatoli == <references /> 1lw2wr893odpgcnvjkdd7fbp8eghbhd 0 13169 135908 129088 2026-08-13T13:06:03Z Nissiel Biozi 13798 Créé en traduisant la section « __LEAD_SECTION__ » de la page « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/236020605|Tania Mokolo Ndjoli]] » 135908 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2}} '''Tania Mokolo Ndjoli''', abotama o 19 août 1977 na [[Abidjan]], azalí [[Mwǎsí ya politiki|mwǎsí ya politiki]] ya [[Kongó-Kinsásá]]. '''Tania Mokolo Ndjoli''', abotami na zomi na libwa na sanza ya mwambe ya zomi na libwa ntuku nsambo na nsambo na [[Abidjan]], Côte d'Ivoire, azali [[Moí-politíki|moto ya politiki]] ya [[Kongó-Kinsásá|Républiki Démocratiki ya Congo]], [[Likita ya ekólo (République ya Kongo Demokratiki)|député]] national aponami na district electoral ya [[Mankanza (teritware)|Makanza]] na provense ya [[Etuka ya Équateur|Equateur]] na nkoto mibale na zomi na mwambe na liste ya Groupe 7 (G7). Na sima akoti na Elongo mpo na Républiki, parti ya [[Moïse Katumbi Chapwe|Moïse Katumbi]] oyo ezalaki na kati ya G7. Azalaki candidat na maponami ya mibeko ya nkoto mibale na ntuku mibale na misato kasi aponami lisusu te,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://times.cd/index.php/2023/07/17/deputation-nationale-la-deputee-tania-mokolo-ndjoli-depose-sa-candidature-au-brtc-de-mankanza/}}</ref>.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://talatala.cd/deputes/322/}}</ref> == Bomɔi == Tania Mokolo Ndjoli, abotama le 19 août 1977 na Abidjan na [[Kotdivual]], azali mwasi ya politiki, député national oyo aponami na circonscription ya [[Mankanza]] na [[Ekwatéli (Kongó-Kinsásá)|Etúká ya Ekwatéli]] na 2018 na liste ya [[Ensemble pour la République]] de [[Moïse Katumbi Chapwe]]<ref>times_cd, « Députation nationale : la députée Tania Mokolo Ndjoli dépose sa candidature au BRTC de Mankanza [archive</ref><ref>Talatala, « Tania Mokolo Ndjoli [archive] »</ref> == Etatoli == <references /> 8xy7x0itsilnrvt37yfe2n6adafjftz 0 13336 135904 135615 2026-08-13T12:26:52Z Nissiel Biozi 13798 Créé en traduisant la section « Biographie » de la page « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/234972938|Fifi Masuka Saini]] » 135904 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2 | image = FIFI MASUKA GOUVERNEURE (cropped).jpg }} '''Fifi Masuka Saini''', abotami o [[mobú]] 1967 [[mokɔlɔ 10 sánzá ya mísáto]] na etuka ya [[Katanga]] (sikoyo [[Haut-katanga|Haut-Kakanga]]) na [[Kongó-Kinsásá|republíki ya Kongó Demokratíki]]<ref name="fifimasuka.info">{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifimasuka.info/qui-suis-je|title=Kopi ya archive|access-date=2024-06-24|archivedate=2021-06-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627213158/https://www.fifimasuka.info/qui-suis-je}}.</ref>, azali muasi oyo asala politiki, oyo kala azalaki député national aponamaki na circonscription ya [[Lubumbashi]] mpe Vice-Gouverneur na etuka ya Lualaba<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://laprosperiteonline.net/2020/12/23/politique/lualaba-des-verites-de-fifi-masuka-saini/amp/|title=Kopi ya archive|access-date=2024-06-24|archivedate=2021-06-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629175816/https://laprosperiteonline.net/2020/12/23/politique/lualaba-des-verites-de-fifi-masuka-saini/amp/|deadurl=yes}}.</ref><ref name="miningandbusiness.com">{{Cite web|url=https://miningandbusiness.com/2019/07/30/entretien-avec-fifi-masuka-saini-vice-gouverneur-du-lualaba/|title=Kopi ya archive|access-date=2024-06-24|archivedate=2026-02-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260217232329/https://miningandbusiness.com/2019/07/30/entretien-avec-fifi-masuka-saini-vice-gouverneur-du-lualaba/}}.</ref>. Azali [https://7sur7.cd/taxonomy/term/876 gouverneur intérimaire] ya etuka ya Lualaba ya lelo. == Biografi ya bomoi ya bato == === Ebandeli ya bato === Fifi Masuka Saini abotami o mobú 1967 mokɔlɔ 10 [[sánzá ya mísáto]]. Azali liboso ya nsuka ya libota ya bana motoba, mpe mwana mwasi ya Saini Kasanji, [[Taksí|mokumbi taxi]], mpe Yvonne Kashala, motɛkisi ya mbisi ya ko kauka na wenze<ref name="fifimasuka.info"/>. === Boyekoli === Na mobu 1992, Fifi Masuka Saini azui diplôme ya licence na économie na université ya Lubumbashi (UNILU), na province ya Haut-Katanga<ref name="miningandbusiness.com"/><ref name="vivalualaba.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.vivalualaba.com/tourisme/executifprovincial/s-e-fifi-masuka-saini/|title=Kopi ya archive|access-date=2024-06-24|archivedate=2024-07-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240712162113/https://www.vivalualaba.com/tourisme/executifprovincial/s-e-fifi-masuka-saini/}}.</ref>. === Origines na carrière professionnelle === Azali co-fondatrice ya entreprise BM-METALS CORPORATION, spécialisée na ba domaines ya mabanga ya ntalo mpe ya botongi<ref name="miningandbusiness.com"/><ref name="vivalualaba.com"/>. === Carrière politique === Na mobu 2006, azalaki moko ya batu parti politique Mouvement de liberation du Congo (MLC) mpe aponami député national na kombo ya même parti. Na 2010, abandisaki parti politique na ye moko, Front des indépendants démocratiques chrétiens (FIDEC). Na 2011, aponami lisusu lokola député national na circonscription ya Lubumbashi. Aponamaki le 29 octobre 2015 na Chef d'Etat [[Joseph Kabila]] lokola commissaire spécial adjoint na province ya Lualab sima, le 26 mars 2016, akomi vice-gouverneur ya province ya Lualaba<ref name="fifimasuka.info"/><ref name="miningandbusiness.com"/>. == Etatólí == {{Références}} == Biographie == === Ebandeli ya bato === Fifi Masuka Saini abotami o mokɔlɔ na zomi na sanza ya misato na zomi na libwa ntuku motoba na sambo <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://infosimple.net/2025/03/10/fifi-masuka-saini-gouverneure-du-lualaba-leadership-feminin-rdc-politique-en-rdc-developpement-du-lualaba-infrastructures-en-rdc-autonomisation-des-femmes-economie-congolaise/|date=2025-03-10}}</ref> ; azali mwana ya mibale ya leki na libota ya ebandeli ya moke na bana motoba, mpe mwana mwasi ya Saini Kasanji, [[Taksí|mokumbi taksi]], mpe Yvonne Kashala, motɛki ya mbisi ya milinga na zando.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://heshimardc.net/v1/2025/09/02/fifi-masuka-saini-la-flamme-du-lualaba/|date=2025-09-02}}</ref> === Boyekoli === Mpo na kozwa mbongo ya boyekoli na ye, asalaka mosala ya ndambo ya mokolo lokola sɛkrɛtɛrɛ.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://heshimardc.net/v1/2025/09/02/fifi-masuka-saini-la-flamme-du-lualaba/|date=2025-09-02}}</ref> Na Zomi na libwa ntuku libwa na mibale, Fifi Masuka Saini azui diplôme ya licence ya kosala na économie na iniversite ya Lubumbashi (UNILU), na provense ya Haut-Katanga,<ref name="miningandbusiness.com">{{Cite web|url=https://miningandbusiness.com/2019/07/30/entretien-avec-fifi-masuka-saini-vice-gouverneur-du-lualaba/|date=30-07-2019}}.</ref>.<ref name="vivalualaba.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.vivalualaba.com/tourisme/executifprovincial/s-e-fifi-masuka-saini/}}.</ref> hq68uam5k000ooekzl181cmxgwm3xbj 0 13412 135909 133801 2026-08-13T13:26:50Z Nissiel Biozi 13798 Créé en traduisant la section « Biographie » de la page « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/236171678|Wivine Mumba Matipa]] » 135909 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Wivine Mumba Matipa''' azali [[Moí-politíki|moto ya politiki]] [[Kongó-Kinsásá|ya Congo (RDC)]] . == Biografi ya bomoi ya bato == Mowuta ya [[Katanga]], azali kosala mosala ya mosambisi ya bamakambo. Asalaki na Standard Bank, [[Sidafríka|na Afriki du Nse]], sima azalaki mokambi na bánki ya mokili mobimba mpo na Afrika na Kongo. Na tango wana azalaki coordonnatrice ya comité directeur ya amélioration ya climat d’affaires na RDC <ref name="Objectif">{{Cite web|url=https://www.lobjectif.net/primature-wivine-mumba-en-bonne-posture/|date=19 février 2019}}</ref> avant azala ministre ya Justice na Gouvernement ya Matata I le 28 avril 2012 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.radiookapi.net/actualite/2012/04/29/rdc-matata-ponyo-publie-gouvernement-de-36-membres|date=29-04-2012}}.</ref> ; akotika ebonga oyo tango gouvernement ekopanzana na décembre 2014. Aponamaki mokambi ya Agence nationale ya promotion ya ba investissements (ANAPI) na 2015 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ecodafrik.com/wivine-mumba-matipa-nommee-en-2015-a-la-tete-de-lagence-nationale-pour-la-promotion-des/|date=29-08-2016|title=Kopi ya archive|access-date=2024-08-19|archivedate=2019-02-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190214001148/http://www.ecodafrik.com/wivine-mumba-matipa-nommee-en-2015-a-la-tete-de-lagence-nationale-pour-la-promotion-des/}}.</ref> . Aponamaki Ministre ya Portefeuille na décembre 2016 na kati ya gouvernement ya Badibanga <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/385379/politique/rd-congo-quil-faut-savoir-gouvernement-nomme-a-fin-mandat-de-kabila/|date=20-12-2016}}.</ref> ; azwaki lisusu ebonga oyo na kati ya gouvernement ya Tshibala na sanza ya mitano 2017 <ref>{{Cite web|url=hhttps://www.jeuneafrique.com/434633/politique/rdc-bruno-tshibala-devoile-liste-de-gouvernement/|date=9-5-2017}}.</ref> . == Nkuku == Abalaki ministre ya kala ya mabanga ya ntalo, Simon Tuma-Waku <ref name="Objectif"/> . == Banote mpe ba références == {{Références}} == Biographie == Ebandeli ya [[Katanga]], azali kolanda mosala ya kosala lokola avocat ya mombongo . Asalaki na Standard Bank na Afrika ya Sudi, sima azalaki Mokambi ya mosala na Banque internationale ya Afrika na Congo . Na sima akomi mokambi ya makambo ya comité diretere ya kobongisa klima mosala na RDC <ref name="Objectif">{{Cite web|url=https://www.lobjectif.net/primature-wivine-mumba-en-bonne-posture/|date=19 février 2019}}</ref> avant azala ministre ya bosembo na Gouvernement ya Matata na ntuku mibale na mwambe ya sanza ya minei na nkoto mibale na zomi na mibale <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.radiookapi.net/actualite/2012/04/29/rdc-matata-ponyo-publie-gouvernement-de-36-membres|date=29-04-2012}}.</ref> Akotika ebonga eye tango gouvernement ekopanzana na sanza ya zomi na mibale na nkoto mibale na zomi na minei . 56lu56qkks39g7v9r8clz6hblmgt4bt 0 13466 135912 133560 2026-08-13T14:47:50Z Nissiel Biozi 13798 Créé en traduisant la section « Influence » de la page « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/237062019|Francine Muyumba]] » 135912 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox}} '''Francine Muyumba''' azali moko n'a ba politiciene [[Kongó-Kinsásá|congolaise]] abotami na sanza ya mibale n'a mbula ya 1987 n'a mboka [[Bukavu]] ( [[Kivu ya Sidi|Kivu du Sud]] ). Pene na président ya kala [[Joseph Kabila]] mpe membre ya PPRD, azali sénateur ya Haut-Katanga wuto 2019. Azalaki mpe président ya Union panafricaine de la jeunesse (na) kobanda 2014 tii 2019. Na kombo na ye mobimba Francine Furaha Muyumba, abotami na sanza ya mibale na mbula 1987 na [[Bukavu]] na etuka ya [[Kivu ya Sidi|Sud Kivu]] <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://afrique.latribune.fr/politique/2019-03-16/rdc-a-32-ans-francine-muyumba-devient-la-benjamine-du-senat-810929.html|date=16 mars 2019}}</ref> , <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://legrandcongo.com/pourquoi-francine-muyumba-prefere-un-politicien-patrick-nkanga-est-il-un-homme-ideal-enquete-du-site-legrandcongo/|date=30 juillet 2019|title=Kopi ya archive|access-date=2024-08-20|archivedate=2020-10-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029104320/https://legrandcongo.com/pourquoi-francine-muyumba-prefere-un-politicien-patrick-nkanga-est-il-un-homme-ideal-enquete-du-site-legrandcongo/}}</ref>, mpe akoli na etuka ya kala ya [[Katanga]] (lelo Tanganyika ) <ref name=":1"/> . Azui diplôme ya l’Etat na [[Kalemie]], sima alongwe mpo na koyekola mibeko na Iniversite ya Namibie, na mposa ya kokoma avocat. Kasi, asepelaki lisusu te na ''mibeko ya bato nyonso'' oyo bazalaki koteya na iniversite oyo, mpe azwaki ekateli ya kokende na mosala ya bapanzi-nsango . Abandaki mpe kosala campagne na tango ya boyekoli na ye, akomaki étudiant ya liboso ya poto oyo batiaki ye na tête ya " Conseil ya ba représentants ya ba étudiants » ya iniversite oyo. Na 2011, azuaki diplôme na ressources humaines, sciences na technologie, option “ . boyekoli ya bapanzi sango/journalisme », sima azongi na Congo <ref name=":1"/> , <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.laprosperite.online/index.php/societe/31-computer/1591-apres-5-ans-passes-aux-commandes-upj-francine-muyumba-demissionne-pour-se-consacrer-a-son-mandat-de-senatrice|date=25 avril 2019|title=Kopi ya archive|access-date=2024-08-20|archivedate=2025-05-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250530104401/https://www.laprosperite.online/index.php/societe/31-computer/1591-apres-5-ans-passes-aux-commandes-upj-francine-muyumba-demissionne-pour-se-consacrer-a-son-mandat-de-senatrice}}</ref> . Na mbula 2013, azwi mokano ya kozongela boyekoli na ye ya mibeko <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/mag/496128/politique/rdc-lascension-de-francine-muyumba-combattante-pour-la-jeunesse/|date=6 décembre 2017}}</ref>, mbala oyo na Université protestante na Congo ( [[Kinsásá|Kinshasa]] ), esika azwi diplôme na 2018 <ref name=":2"/> . [[Fichier:Lydia_Wanyoto_&_Francine_Muyumba_-_2016_(cropped).jpg|gauche|vignette| Francine Muyumba (na loboko ya mobali) lokola président ya UPJ elongo na Ndeko ya mwasi diplomate Lydia Wanyoto, lokola (na)</link> na mobembo na ye na Mission ya Union africaine na Somalie na 2016.]] Francine Muyumba azali na kati ya Fédération mondiale des jeunes démocratiques (FMDJ) mpe asalaka mingi mingi na “ Ligue ya bilenge » kati n'a moko na parti ya tata mokonzi wa ekolo [[Joseph Kabila]], lokola pe na ba groupes politiques misusu na [[Afilíka ya Sidi|sud ya Afrique]] . Na 2011, mwa moke sima ya bozongi na Congo, asololaki na Kabila na kombo ya diaspora ya PPRD (parti ya gouvernement) na bokutani na ferme présidentielle na Kingakati (esika ya banlieue ya [[Kinsásá|Kinshasa]] ), epayi wapi abimaki mingi <ref name=":1"/> . Na suka ya sanza ya zomi na moko 2014, aponami lokola mokambi ya Union panafricaine kati n'a bilenge (na)</link> (UPJ), ebongiseli oyo esalemaki na 1962 <ref name=":2"/> mpe epesamaki banda 2009 na [[Lisangá ya Afríka|Union africaine]] ya kosala boyokani na mangomba ya bilenge na [[Afilíka|Afrika]] <ref name=":0"/> , <ref name=":1"/> . Aponamaki lisusu mpo na mandat ya mibale na décembre 2017 <ref name=":2" /> . Pene na tata mokondi wa ekolo [[Joseph Kabila]] na entourage na ye, asakolaki na 2017 na magazine ''Jeune Afrique'' que atalelaka [[Jaynet Kabila]], lipasa ya président, lokola « ndeko mwasi moko ya monene » <ref name=":1"/> . Na décembre 2018, kaka yambo ya maponami ya mokonzi ya mboka, Joseph Kabila, président ya bolongwi na tango wana, atombolaki ye na grade ya « ». ambassadeur oyo azali kosala », elongo na bato mosusu 25, mpo na kopesa ye matɔndi mpo na lisungi oyo apesaki <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/723469/politique/rdc-avant-de-quitter-le-pouvoir-kabila-a-nomme-26-nouveaux-ambassadeurs/|date=30 janvier 2019}}</ref> . Azali moko n'a bato ba tindaki lokasa epai ya ba bongisi maponami ya ekolo, maponami ya ba sénateurs ya 2019, aponami sénateur ya Haut-Katanga le 15 mars 2019, mpe azuaki ebonga le 5 avril tango parlement ezongaki na ebonga <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20190406-rdc-senat-elections-dominees-fcc-kabila-rentree-parlementaire-tshisekedi|date=6 avril 2019}}</ref> . Na mibu 32, akomi membre ya elenge ya Sénat ya Congo <ref name=":0"/>, na kati na yango azali président ya Commission ya relations extérieures <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.voaafrique.com/a/rdc-les-pro-kabila-contestent-le-rappel-de-trois-ambassadeurs/5209783.html|date=17 décembre 2019}}</ref> . Atikaki mosala ya présidence ya UPJ le 25 avril, mpo na kosangisa te ebonga oyo na mandat na ye lokola sénateur <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://afrique.latribune.fr/politique/2019-05-06/francine-muyumba-ma-generation-a-une-mission-changer-le-paradigme-africain-816281.html|date=6 mai 2019}}</ref> . == Tálá mpé == <references/> == Influence == Na sanza ya zomi na nkoto mibale zomi na nsambo, Francine Muyumba azwamaki na kati ya nkoto ya Bamoto ya Afrika oyo bazali na influence mingi na mokili na " " Mipad nkoto mibale zomi na nsambo. Ezali na ntina mingi » (mokano oyo ONU esungaki). i1rdej21d2n4luozcnh76y57gmaw8rv 0 13523 135907 132796 2026-08-13T12:58:04Z Nissiel Biozi 13798 Créé en traduisant la section « Biographie » de la page « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/235462075|Marie-Madeleine Mienze Kiaku]] » 135907 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marie-Madeleine Mienze Kiaku''' azali mutu ya politiki ya [[Kongó-Kinsásá|kongo-kinsasa]] . Aponamaki Vice-ministre ya mateya ya likolo mpe universitaire na mbulamatari ya Gizenga I mpe aponamaki lisusu na ebonga oyo na mbulamatari ya Gizenga II . == Biografi ya bomoi ya bato == Awutaki na etuka ya [[Bas-Congo|Kongo-Central]], Marie-Madeleine Mienze akota na politiki lokola vice-gouverneur ya etuka ya Kongo-Central. Azalaki bongo mopesi toli monene na biro ya Abdoulaye Yerodia Ndombasi . Na maponami ya bato basalaka mibeko ya 2006, aponami député national mpo na circonscription ya Mbanza-Ngungu . Na sanza ya mibale 2007, aponamaki ministre adjoint ya mateya ya likolo mpe universitaire na mbulamatari ya Gizenga I mpe aponamaki lisusu na ebonga oyo na mbulamatari ya Gizenga II . Na sanza ya libwa 2007, aponamaki secrétaire général adjoint ya lisanga populaire mpo na reconstruction mpe démocratie ( PPRD ) na esika ya [[Marie-Ange Lukiana Mufwankolo]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pprd-congo.skyrock.com/2615599096-PRESENTATION-DE-LA-SG-Adj-DU-PPRD-Marie-Madeleine-Mienze-Kiaku.html|date=02/09/2009}}.</ref> . == Etatoli == == Biographie == Awutaki na etuka ya [[Bas-Congo|Kongo-Central]], Marie-Madeleine Mienze asali matambe na ye ya yambo na politiki lokola vice-gouverneur ya etuka ya [[Bas-Congo]] na nse ya César Tsasa-Di-Ntumba . Azalaki na biro ya Abdoulaye Yerodia Ndombasi, Vice-ya tata mokonzi ya Républiki na tango wana.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://kongomedia.net/2022/07/03/kongo-central-marie-madeleine-mienze-kiaku-inhumee-ce-samedi-a-mbanza-ngungu/|date=2022-07-03}}</ref> Na maponami ya mibeko ya ntoko mibale na motoba, aponami député national mpo na circonscription ya [[Mbanza-Ngungu]] . 2g1u7wkkwqtgbncgxjggb9h0ynbbabw 0 13768 135910 135795 2026-08-13T13:41:21Z Nissiel Biozi 13798 Créé en traduisant la section « Biographie » de la page « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/236329860|Dominique Munongo]] » 135910 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dominique Munongo Inamizi''', abotami mukolo ya 23 sanza ya mutoba 1961 oengumba [[Lubumbashi]] o etuka ya lelo [[Haut-katanga|Haut-Katanga]], azali muko ya basi ya politiki ya [[Kongó-Kinsásá|République démocratique du Congo]] . Azali député national oyo aponami na Lubudi na etuka ya [[Etuka ya Lualaba|Lualaba]], activiste ya société civile mpe [[Bugumési|maire]] ya kala ya commune ya Likasi na [[Katanga]] . == Biographie == Dominique Munongo abotami na ntuku mibale na misato ya sanza ya motoba na nkoto moko na nkama libwa na ntuku motoba na moko na Lubumbashi,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://talatala.cd/deputes/370/}}.</ref>.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.radiookapi.net/emissions-2/le-grand-temoin/2013/08/13/dominique-munongo-inamizi-quand-pas-de-conviction-cest-quon-nest-pas-destine-quelque-chose-de-grand}}</ref> Awutaka na libota ya mokonzi na Katanga : azali mwana mwasi ya mokonzi [[Mwenda Munongo]] mpe mwana ya mwana ya M'Siri, mobandisi ya bokonzi ya Yeke,<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/587648/politique/rdc-en-exil-moise-katumbi-devoile-son-cabinet/}}</ref>.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.adiac-congo.com/content/dominique-munongo-la-princesse-des-bayeke-vaut-plus-8798}}.</ref> 067yeyobk0o1oj67kwtqbaao5exfecv 0 13770 135913 130539 2026-08-13T14:54:15Z Nissiel Biozi 13798 Créé en traduisant la section « __LEAD_SECTION__ » de la page « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/235591927|Odette Mwamba]] » 135913 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Politicien|charte=|nom=Odette Mwamba|image=Odette Mwamba.jpg|taille image=|légende=<!-- Fonctions -->|fonction1=[[Assemblée nationale (République démocratique du Congo)|Députée nationale]]|élection1=[[Élections législatives de 2018 en république démocratique du Congo|30 décembre 2018]]|à partir du fonction1={{date|13|février|2019}}|jusqu'au fonction1=En cours|circonscription 1=[[Kabongo (territoire)|Kabongo]]|législature 1=[[Troisième législature de la Troisième République congolaise (république démocratique du Congo)|3e législature de la 3e République]] <!-- Paramètres recommandés d'identification ou d'état-civil -->|nom de naissance=Odette Mwamba Banza|date de naissance=28 février 1966|lieu de naissance=[[Kabongo]]|date de décès=|profession=[[Infirmière]]|nationalité=[[République démocratique du Congo|congolaise]]|parti=ECT|emblème=Coat of arms of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (grey spear).svg}} '''Odette Mwamba Banza''', abotami na mokolo ya 28 sanza ya mibale 1966 na Kabongo, azali moto ya politiki ya Ekolo Congo démocratique mpe député national ya circonscription ya Kabongo na province ya Haut-Lomami banda ba élections législatives ya sanza ya zomi na mibale 2018. '''Odette Mwamba Banza''', abotami na ntuku mibale na mwambe na Sanza ya mibale na zomi na libwa ntuku motoba na motoba na [[Kabongo]], azali moto ya politiki na [[Kongó-Kinsásá|République démocratique du Congo]] mpe député national mpo na circonscription ya [[Kabongo (teritware)|Kabongo]] na etuka ya [[Lomami ya Likolo|Haut-Lomami]] banda maponami ya mibeko ya sanza na zomi mibale na nkoto mibale na zomi na mwambe,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://assemblee-nationale.cd/les-500-deputes/}}</ref>,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.digitalcongo.net/article/5c507bed9bb3df0004501635/}}</ref>,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sidiief.org/la-pandemie-vue-par/ensemble-contre-la-covid-19-entrevue-avec-odette-mwamba-banza/}}</ref>,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ledevoir.com/societe/sante/440516/la-grande-reforme}}</ref>.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vimeo.com/17437429}}</ref> == Banote mpe ba références == {{références}} [[Catégorie:Moí-politíki wa Kongó-Kinsásá]] rbak75e4bsmezmnqvc9kou0e4sm7zvf 0 14745 135918 134301 2026-08-13T16:11:31Z InternetArchiveBot 10768 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260813sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 135918 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mibéngá mya Hoyo''' bazalí [[mabéngá|mibéngá]] óyo ezalí na [[Ngómbá Hoyo]]. Bazalí mibéngá 40.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Van Noten, F. |year=1977 |title=Excavations at Matupi cave |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_antiquity_1977-03_51_201/page/35 |journal=Antiquity |volume=51 |issue=201 |pages=35−40 |doi=10.1017/S0003598X00100572|s2cid=161102882 }}</ref> == Lisapo == Bokutani ya mabulú ya libosó ebandákí na eleko ya bokónzi ya kolonia; bayékólákí yangó na mobimba na yangó ya kokamwa te kinó na 1943 na ''ingénieur'' ya [[zébi makɛ́lɛ]] [[Désiré J. B. Ruscart]], ''prospecteur'' óyo azalákí kosála na ''Syndicat d’études du Nord-Est'' ya [[Kongó-Kinsásá|Kongó]]. Ezalákí moto yangó ya mayele nde amónisákí ntína ya bisíká óyo guano ezalí na káti ya mabulú yangó míngi. Dépôt moko ya libosó, óyo ya Atshobaki, ebimákí na 1941 na ''Comité national'' ya [[Kivu]], kási ebandákí kosála [[litúnele]] mosúsu tɛ́.<ref name="geo">[https://www.geocities.ws/bgratianus/monthoyo.html Mugunda Gratien Bashonga: Le site touristique du mont Hoyo en RD Congo]</ref> Mabulú, óyo epalangani zinga zinga ya ''périphérie'' mobimba mpé na káti ya bottɛ́ngtɛmi ya [[ngómbá]], libosó libosó na ''niveau'' 1100m mpé 1200m, ezalí mbano ya bopanzáni ya [[mabelé]] na sé ya mabelé. Kinó lɛlɔ́, mabulú minɛ́nɛ 26, óyo ekabólámí na bituluku zómi na míbalé, ezwamí, kási [[motángo]] na yangó etíkálí naíno tɛ́ mpé bato bakoki kokɔta tɛ́. Ekokí kozala eté bakomona makambo ya sika, mpámba tɛ́ Ngómbá Hoyo ezalí lokóla [[linuká]].<ref name="geo" /> == Tálá mpé == hhd29cw3kpaepzq3xj1pgx6gq7ohzu8 0 14750 135920 134033 2026-08-13T16:13:31Z InternetArchiveBot 10768 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260813sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 135920 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox mountain | name=Ngómbá Hoyo | photo= | photo_caption= | map= | map_caption= | location=eastern [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] | label_position=right | elevation_m=1,450 | elevation_ref=<ref name=Ollier1963/> | prominence_m= | prominence_ref= | listing= | range= | coordinates= {{coords|1.24582|29.81984}} | topo= | coordinates_ref= | type= | age= | first_ascent= | easiest_route= | range_coordinates= }} '''Ngómbá Hoyo''' tǒ '''Ngómbá Homa'''<ref name="geo">[https://www.geocities.ws/bgratianus/monthoyo.html Mugunda Gratien Bashonga: Le site touristique du mont Hoyo en RD Congo]</ref> ezalí [[ngómbá]] o [[Monyɛlɛ]] ya [[Kongó-Kinsásá]].<ref name=Ollier1963>{{cite journal |author=Ollier, C.D. and Harrop, J.F. |year=1963 |title=The caves of Mount Hoyo, Eastern Congo Republics |journal=Bulletin of the National Speleological Society |volume=25 |issue=2|pages=73−78 }}</ref> Ngómbá yangó ezalí mabanga ya ''calcaire'' óyo ezalí na [[mabéngá|mibéngá]] 40.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Van Noten, F. |year=1977 |title=Excavations at Matupi cave |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_antiquity_1977-03_51_201/page/35 |journal=Antiquity |volume=51 |issue=201 |pages=35−40 |doi=10.1017/S0003598X00100572|s2cid=161102882 }}</ref> Bolai na yangó ezalí 1.450 m. Ezalí eténi ya [[zámba ya Ituri]] mpé ezwamí na ntáká ya kilomɛtɛlɛ soki 70 na [[Límbe]] ya [[Alubɛ́ (etímá)|Etímá Alubɛ́]],<ref>{{cite book |author=Willoughby, P.R. |year=2009 |title=Sourcebook of Paleolithic Transitions. Methods, Theories, and Interpretations |location=New York |publisher=Springer |pages=301−314 |chapter=From the Middle to the Later Stone Age in Eastern Africa |editor1=Camps, M. |editor2=Chauhan, P.}}</ref> na ntaka ya kilomɛtɛlɛ 92 longwa na [[Nola]] ya [[Beni (engumba) .|Beni]] mpé na ntáká ya kilomɛtɛlɛ 19 longwa na [[Súdi]] ya [[Komanda]].<ref name="Mt. Hoyo">[https://books.google.com/books?id=EOlHcQjrdHsC&q=Mount+Hoyo&dq=Mount+Hoyo Africa's Top Wildlife Countries: Mount Hoyo]</ref> == Tálá mpé == * [[Mibéngá mya Hoyo]] 860w7py09kdkuh9i4of69zqt08288gw 0 15278 135905 2026-08-13T12:48:51Z Nissiel Biozi 13798 Créé en traduisant la page « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/232093102|Solange Macamo]] » 135905 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Solange Laura Macamo''' azali moto ya mayele na makambo ya arkeoloji mpe molakisi na arkeoloji ya makambo ya kala mpe kokamba ya libula na Départema ya archéologie mpe anthropologie, iniversite Eduardo Mondlane, [[Mozambíki|Mozambique]] . == Mateya == Solange Laura Macamo ayekolaka archéologie na Iniversite ya Uppsala . Moto ya likambo ya bolukiluki na ye ya doctorat ezali arkeoloji na sudi ya Mozambique kobanda na ekeke ya na zomi ya misato tee na Ekeke ya zomi na mwambe,.<ref>{{Cite book|lieu=[Place of publication not identified]}}</ref> Mosala na ye etali mingi mosala ya kosala bambɛki ya etuka ya Massangir, epai wapi bokeseni ya lolenge ya kosala bambɛki emonisaka bopanzani na etuka. m4jy17jldnxqa5yrcv289v2gez4lyyj 0 15279 135906 2026-08-13T12:54:26Z Nissiel Biozi 13798 Créé en traduisant la page « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/231675136|Anne Mungai]] » 135906 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2 | charte = réalisateur }} '''Anne G.''' '''Mungai ezali''' , abotami na zomi na libwa ntuku mitano na sambo, azali [[molakisi]] mpe mosali ya ba filme [[Kɛnya|ya Kenya]], ayebani mingi mpo na filme na ye ya molai, Saïkati, ebimaki na zomi na libwa ntuku libwa na mibale, oyo elobeli lisolo ya bilenge basi ya Afrika mpe mikakatano oyo bakutanaka na yango na Afrika ya nsima ya bokonzi ya bakolonia. [[Catégorie:Mbótama na 1957]] kwvvf6v449rq4i36hay9wt2hpgroxxx 135925 135906 2026-08-13T20:01:20Z CapitainAfrika 8678 CapitainAfrika a déplacé la page [[Anne Mungai azali moto ya mayele]] vers [[Anne Mungai]] 135906 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Biographie2 | charte = réalisateur }} '''Anne G.''' '''Mungai ezali''' , abotami na zomi na libwa ntuku mitano na sambo, azali [[molakisi]] mpe mosali ya ba filme [[Kɛnya|ya Kenya]], ayebani mingi mpo na filme na ye ya molai, Saïkati, ebimaki na zomi na libwa ntuku libwa na mibale, oyo elobeli lisolo ya bilenge basi ya Afrika mpe mikakatano oyo bakutanaka na yango na Afrika ya nsima ya bokonzi ya bakolonia. [[Catégorie:Mbótama na 1957]] kwvvf6v449rq4i36hay9wt2hpgroxxx 0 15280 135915 2026-08-13T15:16:41Z Nissiel Biozi 13798 Créé en traduisant la page « [[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/237191338|Joella Neema Sambo]] » 135915 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joella Neema Sambo''', abotami na ntuku mibale na moto ya bakotambola na zomi na libwa ntuku libwa na minei na [[Bukavu]], [[Zaïre|Zaire]], azali [[Moí-politíki|mutu ya politiki]] [[Kongó-Kinsásá|ya Congo]] . Azali mokambi ya ko pesa toli ya etuka ya bilenge [[Kivu ya Sidi|ya Sud Kivu]] wuto nkoto mibale na ntuku mibale na moko ,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mamaradio.info/sud-kivu-joella-neema-sambo-elue-presidente-du-conseil-provincial-de-la-jeunesse/}}</ref>.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://acp.cd/genre/joella-neema-sambo-designee-a-la-tete-du-conseil-provincial-de-la-jeunesse-du-sud-kivu/}}</ref> lb7wbstrfm45nwh293w2ua9tykjxe3p 0 15281 135926 2026-08-13T20:01:20Z CapitainAfrika 8678 CapitainAfrika a déplacé la page [[Anne Mungai azali moto ya mayele]] vers [[Anne Mungai]] 135926 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECTION [[Anne Mungai]] r3u7v4ggr5ywp8e4sgoalfbooi5nz4t 14 15282 135927 2026-08-14T06:36:27Z PK2 1320 Page vide créée 135927 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1