ວິກິພີເດຍ lowiki https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%9C%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.14 first-letter ສື່ ພິເສດ ສົນທະນາ ຜູ້ໃຊ້ ສົນທະນາຂອງຜູ້ໃຊ້ ວິກິພີເດຍ ສົນທະນາກ່ຽວກັບວິກິພີເດຍ ຮູບ ສົນທະນາກ່ຽວກັບຮູບ ມີເດຍວິກິ ສົນທະນາກ່ຽວກັບມີເດຍວິກິ ແມ່ແບບ ສົນທະນາກ່ຽວກັບແມ່ແບບ ຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອ ສົນທະນາກ່ຽວກັບຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອ ໝວດ ສົນທະນາກ່ຽວກັບໝວດ TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 4724 129808 127347 2026-08-09T01:59:07Z InternetArchiveBot 13695 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 129808 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ກ່ອງຂໍ້ມູນ ສະຖານີ | name = ທ່ານາແລ້ງ<br/>{{lang|en|Thanaleng}}<br/>{{lang|th|ท่านาแล้ง}} | name_lang = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | other_name = | type = | image = The beautiful Thanaleng station near Vientaine (14502911846).jpg | alt = | caption = | address = [[ເມືອງຫາດຊາຍຟອງ]] | borough = [[ນະຄອນຫຼວງວຽງຈັນ]] | country = [[ປະເທດລາວ]] | coordinates = {{Coord|17|54|11|N|102|42|35|E|display=inline}} | elevation = | owned = [[ລົດໄຟແຫ່ງຊາດລາວ]] | manager = | operator = [[ການລົດໄຟແຫ່ງປະເທດໄທ]] | transit_authority = | line = [[ທາງລົດໄຟສາຍວຽງຈັນ–ໜອງຄາຍ]] | distance = | platforms = 2 | tracks = 5 | train_operators = | connections = | structure = | depth = | levels = | parking = | bicycle = | accessible = | architect = | architectural_style = | status = | code = | iata = | zone = | classification = | website = | opened = 5 ມີນາ 2009 | opening = | closed = | rebuilt = | electrified = | former = | original = | pregroup = | postgroup = | prenational = | years = | events = | passengers = | pass_system = | pass_year = | pass_percent = | pass_rank = | services = | other_services = | other_services_header = | other_services_collapsible = | other_services2 = | other_services2_header = | other_services2_collapsible = | grid_name = | grid_position = | footnotes = }} [[ຮູບ:Thanaleng, Lao (12206026925).jpg|thumb|268x268px|ລົດໄຟໃນສະຖານີ]] '''ສະຖານີທ່ານາແລ້ງ''' ແມ່ນສະຖານີ[[ທາງລົດໄຟສາຍວຽງຈັນ–ໜອງຄາຍ|ລົດໄຟສາຍວຽງຈັນ-ໜອງຄາຍ]] ທີ່ຕັ້ງຢູ່ໃນບ້ານດົງໂພສີ [[ເມືອງຫາດຊາຍຟອງ]] [[ນະຄອນຫຼວງວຽງຈັນ]]<ref>[http://portal.rotfaithai.com/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=59 สถานีรถไฟท่านาแล้ง ]</ref> ເຊິ່ງເປັນສະຖານີລົດໄຟແຫ່ງທຳອິດໃນ[[ປະເທດລາວ]]. ເສັ້ນທາງລົດໄຟລາວ-ໄທ ແມ່ນເລີ່ມຈາກ [[ສະຖານີໜອງຄາຍ|ສະຖານນີໜອງຄາຍ]] ຂ້າມ[[ແມ່ນ້ຳຂອງ]]ທີ່ເປັນເສັ້ນຊາຍແດນລາວ-ໄທ ໂດຍຜ່ານ[[ຂົວມິດຕະພາບ ລາວ-ໄທ ແຫ່ງທຳອິດ|ຂົວມິດຕະພາບລາວ-ໄທ]] ແລະ ເຂົ້າຫາສະຖານນີທ່ານາແລ້ງ ເຊິ່ງມີຄວາມຍາວ 3.5 ກິໂລແມັດ ສ້າງຂຶ້ນຕາມແຜນພັດທະນາເສດຖະກິດສາກົນ ໄທ-ລາວ ໃນການຂົນສົ່ງສິນຄ້າ ແລະ ຜູ້ໂດຍສານທີ່ເດີນທາງເຂົ້າ-ອອກ.<ref name="trweekly-nov10">{{cite news|url=https://aseanrailways.org/?page_id=592|title=The Ministry of Public Works and Transport has made a strong contribution. Development Socio-economic development plan of the state in each period with the conquest of victories and achievements|date=2010-11-09|access-date=|work=|author=Asean Railways Portal|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241216172519/https://aseanrailways.org/?page_id=592|archive-date=2024-12-16}}</ref><ref name="trweekly-nov102">{{cite news|url=http://www.ttrweekly.com/site/2010/11/laos-rethinks-rail-project/|title=Laos rethinks rail project|date=2010-11-09|access-date=2011-03-13|work=TTR Weekly|author=Rapeepat Mantanarat|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130205005950/http://www.ttrweekly.com/site/2010/11/laos-rethinks-rail-project/|archive-date=2013-02-05}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727101636/http://www.ttrweekly.com/site/2010/11/laos-rethinks-rail-project/ |date=2011-07-27 }}</ref> [[ສົມເດັດພະກະນິດຖາທິລາດເຈົ້າ ກົມສົມເດັດພະເທບພະຣັດລາດສຸດາ ສະຫຍາມບໍຣົມລາຊະກຸມາຣີ]] ​ໄດ້ສະເດັດໄປ​ເປັນ​ປະ​ທານ​ໃນ​ພິ​ທີ​ເປີດ​ທາງ​ລົດ​ໄຟ​ໄທ - ລາວ​ຄັ້ງ​ທໍາ​ອິດ​ໃນ​ວັນ​ທີ 5 ມີ​ນາ 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ryt9.com/s/iqry/534989/|title=สมเด็จพระเทพฯเสด็จเปิดรถไฟสายประวัติศาสตร์ ไทย-ลาว|access-date=2009-05-29|archive-date=2009-07-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090707082634/http://www.ryt9.com/s/iqry/534989|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="railtech">{{cite web|url=http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/thai-laoslink/|title=Thai-Laos Rail Link, Thailand|website=Railway Technology|access-date=2011-03-13}}</ref> ປະຈຸບັນ, ລົດໄຟສາມາດເດີນທາງໄປເຖິງ[[ສະຖານີຄຳສະຫວາດ|ສະຖານີວຽງຈັນຄຳສະຫວາດ]] ເຊິ່ງເປັນສະຖານີສຸດທ້າຍຂອງໂຄງການທາງລົດໄຟໄທ-ລາວ ໃນວັນທີ 19 ກໍລະກົດ 2024. == ຂະບວນລົດໄຟ<ref>{{Cite web |title=ລັດວິສາຫະກິດ ລົດໄຟແຫ່ງຊາດລາວ ສະຖານີທ່ານາແລ້ງ ຈະໄດ້ເປີດແລ່ນລົດໄຟໂດຍສານ ທ່ານາແລ້ງ-ຫນອງຄາຍ-ກຸງເທບ ເປັນປົກກະຕິ. |url=https://lnr.org.la/%e0%ba%a5%e0%ba%b1%e0%ba%94%e0%ba%a7%e0%ba%b4%e0%ba%aa%e0%ba%b2%e0%ba%ab%e0%ba%b0%e0%ba%81%e0%ba%b4%e0%ba%94-%e0%ba%a5%e0%ba%bb%e0%ba%94%e0%bb%84%e0%ba%9f%e0%bb%81%e0%ba%ab%e0%bb%88%e0%ba%87%e0%ba%8a/ |access-date=2026-01-20 |archive-date=2024-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240618015927/https://lnr.org.la/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94-%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%9F%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AB%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%8A/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == {| class="wikitable" |+ !ຂະບວນລົດ !ສະຖານີຕົ້ນທາງ !ສະຖານີປາຍທາງ !ເວລາອອກ !ເວລາຮອດ |- |481 |ໜອງຄາຍ |ທ່ານາແລ້ງ |07:30 |0:45 |- |482 |ທ່ານາແລ້ງ |ໜອງຄາຍ |10:00 |10:15 |- |483 |ໜອງຄາຍ |ທ່ານາແລ້ງ |14:45 |15:00 |- |484 |ທ່ານາແລ້ງ |ໜອງຄາຍ |17:30 |17:45 |- |26 |ໜອງຄາຍ |ກຸງເທບ |19:40 |06:00 |} == '''ອ້າງອິງ''' == {{ທາງລົດໄຟ ວຽງຈັນ-ໜອງຄາຍ}} [[ໝວດ:ສະຖານີລົດໄຟໃນລາວ]] [[ໝວດ:ສິ່ງກໍສ້າງໃນວຽງຈັນ]] pu6ab79mf98u9ihxr4cpf7zq0p2ltck 0 5363 129809 128351 2026-08-09T02:40:53Z InternetArchiveBot 13695 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 129809 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ແປ}} {{Infobox dam | name = ເຂື່ອນນ້ຳເທີນ 2 | image = | caption = | official_name = | crosses = [[Nam Theun]] | locale = [[ແຂວງຄຳມ່ວນ]], [[ປະເທດລາວ]] | type = [[ເຂື່ອນທ່ວງ]] | length = 436 ແມັດ | height = 39 ແມັດ | hydraulic_head = | width = | spillway_type = | spillway_capacity = | began = | open = | closed = | cost = | owner = | maint = | reservoir = | reservoir_capacity = 3.53 ກິໂລແມັດກ້ອນ | reservoir_catchment= 4039 ກິໂລຕາແມັດ | reservoir_surface = 450 ກິໂລຕາແມັດ | depth = | plant_owner = | plant_operator = [[ບໍລິສັດໄຟຟ້ານ້ຳເທີນ 2]] | turbines = [[ບໍລິສັດໄຟຟ້າລາວ|EDL]]: 2 × 37.5 [[ເມກາວັດ|MW]]<br>[[ການໄຟຟ້າຝ່າຍຜະລິດແຫ່ງປະເທດໄທ|EGAT]]: 4 × 250 [[ເມກາວັດ|MW]] | installed_capacity = 1,070 [[ເມກາວັດ|MW]] | max_capacity = | annual_generation = | pumped_storage = | com = ມີນາ 2010 | decom = | bridge_carries = | bridge_width = | bridge_clearance = | bridge_traffic = | bridge_toll = | bridge_id = | map_cue = | map_image = | map_text = | location_map = Laos | location_map_text = | lat_d = 17 | lat_m = 59 | lat_s = 49 | lat_NS = N | long_d = 104 | long_m = 57 | long_s = 10 | long_EW = E | coordinates_type = type:landmark | coordinates_display= inline,title | website = | extra = }} The '''Nam Theun 2 Hydropower Project''', or simply '''NT2''', is a [[hydroelectric dam]] located on the [[Nam Theun|Nam Theun River]] in [[Laos]]. Commercial operation of the plant began in March 2010.<ref>[http://www.namtheun2.com/ NT2 Official website], Retrieved: November 5, 2009</ref> The scheme diverts water from the Nam Theun, a [[tributary]] of the [[Mekong River]], to the [[Xe Bang Fai River]], enabling a generation capacity of {{nowrap|1,070 [[Megawatts|MW]]}}, from a {{Convert|350|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} difference in elevation between the [[reservoir]] and the [[power station]]. It is the largest hydroelectric project so far in Laos, exporting power to [[Thailand]] and supplying the local area with electricity. At the time of signing in 2005, NT2 was the largest [[foreign investment]] in Laos, the world's largest private sector cross-border power project financing, the largest private sector hydroelectric project financing, and one of the largest internationally-financed [[Independent Power Producer|IPP]] projects in Southeast Asia. The dam also marked a return by the [[World Bank]] to funding large-scale infrastructure, after a decade-long hiatus. According to the government of Laos, "the project is an essential part of the country's development framework and the Project's implementation is likely to be the first real possibility for (Laos) to reduce gradually its dependence on [[Official Development Assistance]]".<ref name="Lao National Committee for Energy">{{Cite web |title=Lao National Committee for Energy |url=http://www.poweringprogress.org/nt2/background.htm |access-date=2011-03-07 |archive-date=2007-12-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071217214245/http://www.poweringprogress.org/nt2/background.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> The project has [[Environment (biophysical)|environmental]] and social impacts, and comprehensive measures have been designed to mitigate these. According to a group of social and environmental experts who advise on the project, these measures could become a global model. Although [[Newsweek magazine]] referred to it as a "kinder and gentler dam",<ref name="World Bank September 2007">{{Cite web |title=World Bank September 2007 |url=http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/EASTASIAPACIFICEXT/LAOPRDEXTN/0,,contentMDK:21480018~menuPK:293702~pagePK:2865066~piPK:2865079~theSitePK:293684,00.html |access-date=2012-12-28 |archive-date=2012-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120221234521/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/EASTASIAPACIFICEXT/LAOPRDEXTN/0,,contentMDK:21480018~menuPK:293702~pagePK:2865066~piPK:2865079~theSitePK:293684,00.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> the project also attracted criticism.<ref>{{Cite web |title=International Rivers, "Model" Dam Encounters Similar Problems As Previous Projects |url=http://www.worldwatch.org/node/5168/print |access-date=2011-03-07 |archive-date=2007-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070715190316/http://www.worldwatch.org/node/5168/print |url-status=dead }}</ref> == History and current status == The Nam Theun 2 project was identified in the 1980s and a concession was awarded in 1993. It was subjected to a long anti-dam campaign. The project was frozen after the [[1997 Asian financial crisis]], but preparation resumed in 1999. In October 2002 a concession contract between the [[Nam Theun 2 Power Company|NTPC]] and the government of Laos was signed, followed by the signing of [[power purchase agreement|PPAs]] between NTPC on the one hand and, [[Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand|EGAT]] and the Laotian state-owned power company [[Electricite du Laos]] on the other hand in November 2003. Financial closing was reached in June 2005. The Nam Theun [[river diversion]] was created in March 2006 and then closed in April 2008 following completion of the Nakai Dam wall. Impoundment of the Nakai Reservoir occurred over the 2008 wet season and the reservoir was close to full supply level by the end of 2008. Test hydropower generation began in mid-2009 and the Commercial Operation Date was achieved in April 2010.<ref>[http://www.namtheun2.com/ Nam Theun official website], accessed on May 20, 2010</ref> == Technical features == NT2 enables Laos to export {{nowrap|995 MW}} of electrical energy to the [[Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand|EGAT]]. The project also uses {{nowrap|75 MW}} of capacity to supply electricity for domestic use in Laos. Nam Theun 2 is a trans-basin diversion power plant that uses water from the Nam Theun River and releases the water into the Xe Bang Fai River. The project site is in [[Khammouane]] and [[Bolikhamsai Province|Bolikhamxay]] provinces in central Laos, about 250 kilometers east of Vientiane. It stretches from the [[Nakai Plateau]] to the lower Xe Bang Fai River [[confluence]] with the [[Mekong]]. The main features of the project include: * {{Convert|39|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} high [[gravity dam]] * {{Convert|450|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} reservoir * [[Pressure shaft]], [[pressure tunnel]] and a [[powerhouse]] * {{Convert|8000000|m3|ft3|abbr=on}} artificial [[regulating pond]], and a {{Convert|27|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} artificial downstream channel leading to the [[Xe Bang Fai River]] * {{Convert|130|km|mi|abbr=on}} long, double-circuit {{nowrap|500 kW}} [[transmission line]] to the Thai grid * {{Convert|70|km|mi|abbr=on}} long, single-circuit {{nowrap|115 kV}} transmission line to Laos' domestic grid. == Institutional arrangements == The Project is structured as a [[Build-Operate-Transfer|BOT]] project. It has a concession period of 31 years, of which the operating period is 25 years. At the end of the concession period, the project facilities will be transferred to the government free of charge. The project was developed by [[Nam Theun 2 Power Company|NTPC]], which is owned by a consortium comprising [[Electricité de France|EDF]] (35%), [[Electricity Generating Public Company|EGO]] of Thailand (25%), the [[Italian Thai Development Public Company Limited|ITD]] of Thailand (15%) and the Government of Laos (25%). Governments and government-owned enterprises own a majority of NTPC. This situation is atypical for an IPP - normally the power generating company is privately owned. Laos is a People's Democratic Republic with a one-party system under the [[Lao People's Revolutionary Party]]. It is one of the few [[communist state]]s in the world. The government has multiple roles related to NT2, some of which may be conflicting: It partially owns NTPC and thus has an interest in the financial profitability of the project; it is supposed to monitor compliance with environmental and social safeguards under the concession contract; and it buys some of the electricity generated from the project through the state-owned power company EDL and thus has an interest in low electricity prices. Some of the owners of NTPC are also contractors engaged in the construction of the dam. For example, EDF International is the head contractor for the entire project under a turnkey contract. It has engaged various sub-contractors for specific parts of the project. == Financial aspects == === Project costs and financing === Construction costs were initially estimated at US$1,250 million plus US$331.5 million for [[Cost contingency|contingencies]]. More recently construction costs have been given as US$ 1,3 billion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.power-technology.com/projects/namtheun2 |title=Nam Theun 2 Hydropower Project |publisher=Power Technology |date= |accessdate=2010-07-19}}</ref> The project base cost is funded through US$330m of [[Ownership equity|equity]] and US$920m of [[debt]]. It is financed through equity, [[loan]]s and guarantees from 26 [[financial institution]]s, including * four [[multilateral development bank]]s (the [[World Bank Group]], the [[Asian Development Bank]] (ADB), the [[European Investment Bank]] (EIB) and the [[Nordic Investment Bank]]), * three [[Export Credit Agency|Export Credit Agencies]] ([[Coface]] of France, [[EKN]] of Sweden and [[GIEK]] of Norway), * three bilateral financing agencies ([[French Development Agency]], [[PROPARCO]] and the [[Export-Import Bank of Thailand]]), * nine international commercial banks providing finance in [[hard currencies]] (grouped together in a "lead arrangers group" including [[BNP Paribas]], [[Crédit Agricole Indosuez]], [[Australia and New Zealand Banking Group|ANZ]] from Australia, [[Société Générale]], [[Fortis Bank]] and [[Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi]]), and * seven Thai commercial banks providing finance in [[Thai Baht]]. All financing in hard currencies is guaranteed through [[political risk insurance]] provided by the above-mentioned three export credit agencies, the ADB (US$ 50m), the [[International Development Association]] (IDA) of the World Bank Group (US$ 50m) and the [[Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency]] (MIGA) of the World Bank Group (US$ 91m). Specifically, MIGA has provided a US$86 million guarantee to [[Fortis Bank]] of Belgium against the risks of [[Nationalization|expropriation]], [[breach of contract]], war and [[civil disturbance]], as well as [[transfer inconvertibility]] in both Laos and Thailand.<ref>[http://www.miga.org/projects/index_sv.cfm?pid=610 MIGA NT2]</ref> According to MIGA, its guarantee "was key to lowering the project's risk profile, which in turn enabled the government and developers to attract commercial financing at better rates and gave the investor the assurance needed to go ahead with the deal". The government's initial equity contribution of $83m (25%) was largely funded by donors, including a $20 million grant from the [[International Development Association]] of the World Bank Group, the ADB (US$ 20m), France, and the EIB. === Increase in government revenue and contribution to poverty alleviation === According to the government "the Project is an essential part of the country's development framework and the Project's implementation is likely to be the first real possibility for (Laos) to reduce gradually its dependence on Official Development Assistance." In the same vein, the then Managing Director of the World Bank, [[Shengman Zhang]], said in 2003 "We see Nam Theun 2 not as a project per se, but as a vehicle through which to make a considerable progress in the effort of poverty reduction." <ref name="Lao National Committee for Energy"/> The project generates three forms of revenue to the government: * [[dividend]]s, * [[tax]]es; and * [[royalties]], i.e. concession fees. Government revenue is estimated at US$1.9bn to US$2bn in nominal terms over 25 years. It has been estimated that at a 10% discount rate the net present value of the revenues will be six times higher than the net present value from the debt service, if all government equity was funded through concessionary lending. Revenues are expected to increase progressively from approximately US$ 10 million in 2009 to US$ 110 to 150 million per year at the end of the concession period in 2033. Thereafter the government will receive all revenues accruing to the project. The [[Power Purchase Agreement]] (PPA) between EGAT and NTPC was designed as to stabilize the [[cash flow]] despite hydrological variation and consequently variation in power output. Revenues will be partially in US$ and partially in Thai Baht. Power demand from Thailand is expected to be strong. In December 2007, Thailand and Laos signed an agreement increasing the total power to be supplied by Laos to Thailand from all sources in 2015 from 5,000 MW to 7,000 MW.<ref>[http://www.poweringprogress.org/updates/news/press/2007/Thailand%20Ups%20Demand%20for%20Lao%20Energy.htm Thailand Ups Demand for Lao Energy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010172741/http://www.poweringprogress.org/updates/news/press/2007/Thailand%20Ups%20Demand%20for%20Lao%20Energy.htm |date=2008-10-10 }} Link does not function</ref> The World Bank works with the Lao government to improve public financial management practices and increase transparency in order to increase the likelihood that revenues will be used to benefit the poor, including through investment in health and education. The Government has agreed with the World Bank to implement a Poverty Reduction Fund that is being initially sourced from [[International Development Association]] funds, and then from the Government's taxes, royalties and dividend revenues once the project commences operation. Special administrative units are being established to deal with the effective management and allocation of the financial resources gained from the Project.<ref name="Lao National Committee for Energy"/> In 2007 Laos was ranked on the [[Corruption Perception Index]] by [[Transparency International]] 168 out of 179 countries assessed, making it one of the most corrupt countries on the index. == Environmental and social impacts == [[Environmental impacts of reservoirs|Environmental and social impacts]] of the project include downstream impacts, impacts on [[biodiversity]], [[resettlement]] and reservoir [[sedimentation]]. More details can be found in the Environmental and Social Impact assessment],<ref>[http://www.adb.org/Documents/Environment/LAO/lao-nam-theun2.pdf Summary Environmental and Social Impact Assessment], NAM THEUN 2 HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT IN THE LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC, November 2004. Retrieved November 5, 2009.</ref> and in the summary provided for the various impacts below. '''Monitoring and Evaluation''' NT2 has a multi-layer environmental and social monitoring and evaluation mechanism consisting of the following elements: * A Panel of Environmental and Social Experts (POE), reporting to the government. The POE normally visits Laos at least once per year. * An International Advisory Group(IAG), advising the World Bank. The IAG normally visits Lao PDR at least once per year. * Independent Monitoring Agencies, reporting to the Government. The Independent Monitoring Agencies was in the process of being contracted in December 2006. * The Lenders’ Engineer<ref>[https://archive.is/20120718184747/web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/EASTASIAPACIFICEXT/LAOPRDEXTN/0,,contentMDK:21109109~pagePK:141137~piPK:141127~theSitePK:293684,00.html%23mornitor World Bank Monitoring and Evaluation December 2006]</ref> '''Praise''' The comprehensive environmental and social measures designed to mitigate potential environmental and social impacts could become a "global model", according to a group of social and environmental experts who advise on the project.<ref name="World Bank September 2007"/> '''Criticism''' According to the [[NGO]] [[International Rivers]], there have been substantial shortcomings in the mitigation of impacts. According to the organization, [[Compensation (nationalization)|compensation]] payments and replacement land for villagers affected by construction activities have been "inadequate, unfair or non-existent". Poor resettlement planning has led to housing and infrastructure delays. Plans to restore the livelihoods of villagers on the Nakai Plateau and along the Xe Bang Fai have yet to be finalized. And the budget for the downstream program in particular is said to be woefully inadequate.<ref>{{Cite web |title=International Rivers NT 2 |url=http://internationalrivers.org/en/southeast-asia/laos/nam-theun-2 |access-date=2011-03-07 |archive-date=2007-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071230011020/http://internationalrivers.org/en/southeast-asia/laos/nam-theun-2 |url-status=dead }}</ref> '''A good or a bad dam?''' According to data in the World Bank publication "Good dams, bad dams", the ratio of area flooded and people resettled per Megawatt of installed electricity generating capacity (flooded area of 41 [[hectare]] per MW and 5 people resettled per MW) is neither very high, nor very low, compared to 48 other large dams analyzed.<ref>[http://siteresources.worldbank.org/LACEXT/Resources/258553-1123250606139/Good_and_Bad_Dams_WP16.pdf World Bank:Good Dams, Bad Dams 2003], p. 22</ref> Using this specific analytical framework, Nam Theun 2 could neither be considered a "good" or a "bad" dam. === Downstream impacts in Xe Bang Fai === The flow of water in the Xe Bang Fai (XBF), which will receive the water diverted through NT2, will increase significantly, thus affecting the population living downstream of the release point. The exact number of people affected is disputed. While NTPC speaks of 40,000 affected people, the NGO [[Environmental Defense]] speaks of up to 150,000 people. The impacts have been widely studied and have been discussed with local communities that will be affected. Possible negative impacts on the downstream population include the washing away of river-bank gardens, changes in [[water quality]], and impacts on [[fisheries]]. The impacts will only be exactly known once the project has been completed. NTPC has promised to stop power production when floods occur on the XBF river. However, it is as yet unknown exactly how long this flooding period will last for each year. The length of the period will affect the project's profitability. Water quality may be negatively impacted through fouling of [[biomass]] in the reservoir. Because the impacts are unknown, monitoring systems will be included and a commitment has been made to "adaptive management". Livelihood development programs are underway for the villagers living downstream on the XBF river, in districts such as Mahaxai. The programs are focused on [[agriculture]], [[fish pond]]s and [[handicrafts]] to help them generate income beyond that derived from river [[fishing]]. The objective is to help villagers generate money from a variety of different sources to compensate for any changes in fishing catches after the river diversion. Affected communities expect to receive [[irrigation]] systems to allow for a second, [[dry season]] [[rice]] crop, [[drinking water]] systems and access to electricity. The provision of this infrastructure would not be the responsibility of NTPC, but of the government. Details of the these programs are available on the operating company's website.<ref>Nam Theun 2 Project Company:[http://www.namtheun2.com/images/stories/DSplan/NT2 DSIP_080408_PUBLIC_Final.pdf]{{Dead link|date=ກັນຍາ 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> According to a joint progress report issued by the World Bank and the ADB in December 2007 implementation of the downstream program – particularly on implementing livelihood programs – remained a challenge. Lessons from the 20 villages where the programs have been piloted in a participatory manner are being applied as other villages were included. Micro-credit schemes that are being developed were not yet on a sustainable financial footing.<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Bank:Nam Theun Moves Forward; Livelihood Activities Require Acceleration |url=http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/EASTASIAPACIFICEXT/LAOPRDEXTN/0,,contentMDK:21587429~menuPK:293689~pagePK:2865066~piPK:2865079~theSitePK:293684,00.html |access-date=2012-06-30 |archive-date=2012-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120221234514/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/EASTASIAPACIFICEXT/LAOPRDEXTN/0,,contentMDK:21587429~menuPK:293689~pagePK:2865066~piPK:2865079~theSitePK:293684,00.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Downstream impacts on the Nam Theun River === There is relatively little information on downstream impacts on the Nam Theun River, where water flows will be significantly reduced. No permanent villages lie along the Nam Theun some 50&nbsp;km downstream below the dam. [[Fishermen]] and [[hunter]]s, however, do use this stretch of the river. Fish diversity and abundance is expected to be affected by reduced water flows and [[sediment]] content.<ref>[http://www.adb.org/Documents/Environment/LAO/lao-nam-theun2.pdf Summary of 2004 Environmental Assessment], p. 39</ref> However, monitoring of the villages along the river conducted by NTPC has so far not detected any significant impacts to the fishery.<ref> Nam Theun 2 Project Company:[http://www.namtheun2.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=98&Itemid=112 Key facts, Downstream Program]</ref> === Biodiversity and forests === Three existing protected areas on the Nakai plateau (the [[Nakai-Nam Theun Biodiversity Conservation Area|Nakai-Nam Theun]], the [[Hin Nam Nor]] and the [[Phou Hin Poun]] [[National Biodiversity Conservation Areas]]), together nine times larger (4,106&nbsp;km²) than the flooded area, are expected to be better managed through significant resources made available under the project - more than 60 times what the government has spent on its entire [[national park]]s system so far. The flooded areas are not considered critical natural habitat. There used to be significant [[illegal logging]] in the protected areas, which the government claims has now been largely brought under control. Detailed fish surveys showed that there are no fish [[species]] living only in the stretch of the river that will be inundated. A management plan for the [[Asian elephant]]s in the area has been drawn up. A Watershed Management Protection Authority (WMPA) has been established with the specific purpose of protecting the [[drainage basin|watershed]] of the reservoir and the protected areas in it. WPMA will receive US$1 million annually from NTPC through the concession period. === Resettlement === 6,300 people from 17 villages moved from the area that became the NT2 reservoir on the Nakai Plateau to custom-built villages built in consultation with the resettled communities. NTPC and the Lao Government have committed to doubling the income of resettled villagers, through livelihood programs, five years after they have been relocated. This means that people who used to make US$410 per household a year in 2005 should make at least US$820 per household a year by 2012. Construction of the villages and major facilities (new roads, water pumps, toilets, schools, mills and electricity) was completed by mid-2008.<ref>[http://www.namtheun2.com/images/stories/Keyfacts/KF%20Resettlement%20on%20Nakai%20Plateau%20Infrastructure.pdf NTPC key communication facts:Resettlement on Nakai Plateau:Infrastructure]{{Dead link|date=ກັນຍາ 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, March 2009. Retrieved November 9, 2009.</ref> Extensive consultations on house design, location and even construction materials were held and continue to ensure the outcomes reflect the wishes of the local people. According to a World Bank report, the health of villagers who have already been resettled has significantly improved due to better water and [[sanitation]], regular health check-ups and the provision of [[mosquito net]]s, as documented by various assessments. Various experts are helping the resettled villagers to adopt improved practices to increase agricultural and income [[productivity]]. However the report stresses that the pace of the development of the livelihood activities must be accelerated including engaging additional technical assistance to help villagers develop the most effective cropping systems possible.<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Bank |url=http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/EASTASIAPACIFICEXT/LAOPRDEXTN/0,,contentMDK:20172670~pagePK:141137~piPK:217854~theSitePK:293684,00.html |access-date=2005-02-24 |archive-date=2005-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050224001900/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/EASTASIAPACIFICEXT/LAOPRDEXTN/0,,contentMDK:20172670~pagePK:141137~piPK:217854~theSitePK:293684,00.html |url-status=live }}</ref> === Reservoir sedimentation === At current sedimentation rates, the reservoir has a lifetime of more than five centuries. If substantial [[logging]] occurred in the upstream basin, the lifetime would be accordingly reduced and could affect the financial and economic viability of the project. This would especially be the case if sediments remained in the active storage area in the upper part of the reservoir instead of being washed into the dead storage area closer to the dam in the lower part of the reservoir. The establishment of the relatively well-funded Watershed Management Protection Authority is expected to protect forest cover and thus limit [[erosion]] in the watershed of the reservoir. == See also == * [[Environmental impacts of dams]] * [[Energy Industry Liberalization and Privatization (Thailand)]] * [[Wildlife of Laos]] * [[Economy of Laos]] == External links == * [http://www.namtheun2.com Nam Theun 2 official website] * [http://www.poweringprogress.org/ Laos:Ministry of Energy and Mines, Department of Energy Promotion and Development] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924145143/http://www.poweringprogress.org/ |date=2018-09-24 }} * [http://www.edl-laos.com/index.html Eléctricité du Laos] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080519175152/http://www.edl-laos.com/index.html |date=2008-05-19 }} * [[World Bank]]:[http://www.worldbank.org/laont2 The Nam Theun 2 Hydroelectric Project (NT2)]{{Dead link|date=ກຸມພາ 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [[Asian Development Bank]]:[http://www.adb.org/Projects/Namtheun2/NT2-infosheet.pdf Nam Theun 2 Hydroelectric Project] * [[International Rivers]]:[http://internationalrivers.org/en/southeast-asia/laos/nam-theun-2 Nam Theun 2] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071230011020/http://internationalrivers.org/en/southeast-asia/laos/nam-theun-2 |date=2007-12-30 }} * [[Environmental Defense Fund]]:[http://www.environmentaldefense.org/article.cfm?contentID=4137 Laos: Nam Theun 2 Project] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070814072225/http://www.environmentaldefense.org/article.cfm?ContentID=4137 |date=2007-08-14 }}, 15 March 2006 * Power Technology.com:[http://www.power-technology.com/projects/namtheun2/ Nam Theun 2 Hydropower Project, Laos] == References == {{reflist}} [[ໝວດ:Hydroelectric power stations in Laos]] [[ໝວດ:Interbasin transfer]] [[ໝວດ:Khammouane Province]] kmep3gf0q9fsbvns8wp4opbgrl38oxu 0 13625 129807 129605 2026-08-09T01:23:59Z InternetArchiveBot 13695 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 129807 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox pageant | name = | type = [[ການປະກວດຄວາມງາມ|ການປະກວດນາງງາມລະດັບນານາຊາດ]] | logo = | website = {{URL|misstourisminternational.com|ເວັບໄຊຢ່າງເປັນທາງການ}} | founding_location = | headquarters = ກົວລາລຳເປີ, [[ປະເທດມາເລເຊຍ|ມາເລເຊຍ]] | first = 1994 | recent = 2025 | current_titleholder = | titleholder_represents = | key_people = | organization = D'Touch International Sdn. Bhd. | language = [[ພາສາອັງກິດ]] | leader_title = ປະທານ ແລະ ເຈົ້າຂອງ | leader_name = Tan Sri Datuk Danny Ooi }} '''ມິສທົວລິຊຶມອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ''' ({{lang-en|Miss Tourism International}}) ແມ່ນການປະກວດຄວາມງາມນານາຊາດປະຈຳປີ ຈັດໂດຍບໍລິສັດ D'Touch International Sdn. Bhd. ເຊິ່ງມີຖານຢູ່ໃນປະເທດມາເລເຊຍ.<ref name="NST"/><ref name="Francisco 2013">{{cite web | last=Francisco | first=Drew | title=Beauty pageant 101: The other pageants | website=[[Rappler]] | date=August 13, 2013 | url=https://www.rappler.com/life-and-style/36357-beauty-pageant-101-the-other-pageants/ | access-date=June 1, 2017}}</ref> ມິສທົວລິຊຶມອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລຄົນປັດຈຸບັນແມ່ນ ซູຊານນາ ບາໂລເນັກ (Zuzanna Balonek) ຈາກ[[ປະເທດໂປໂລຍ]]. ເພິ່ນໄດ້ຮັບມົງກຸດເມື່ອວັນທີ 18 ຕຸລາ 2025 ຢູ່ທີ່ รีສອດເວີນເກັນຕິງ, ເກັນຕິງໄຮແລນ, ເມືອງເບນຕົງ, ລັດປະຮັງ, ປະເທດມາເລເຊຍ.<ref name="Adina">{{Cite web |last=Adina |first=Armin |title=Mutya ng Pilipinas Christine Eds Enero wins title at Miss Tourism International |url=https://entertainment.inquirer.net/634232/mutya-ng-pilipinas-christine-eds-enero-wins-title-at-miss-tourism-international |date=19 October 2025 |website=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |language=en}}</ref> == ປະຫວັດ == ມິສທົວລິຊຶມອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ ແມ່ນການປະກວດຄວາມງາມທີ່ຕ້ອນຮັບຕົວແທນນາງງາມຈາກທົ່ວໂລກ. ການປະກວດຈັດຂຶ້ນຄັ້ງທຳອິດໃນປີ 1994 ຢູ່ທີ່ເມືອງກູຈິງ, ລັດຊາຣາວັກ, ໂດຍມີຜູ້ເຂົ້າປະກວດ 24 ຄົນ.<ref name="Francisco 2013" /><ref>{{cite web |date=December 31, 2012 |title=Philippines bags Miss Tourism International crown |url=https://www.rappler.com/entertainment/18900-philippines-bags-miss-tourism-international-crown/ |access-date=June 1, 2017 |website=Rappler}}</ref><ref name="Sinchew 2016">{{cite web |date=December 28, 2016 |title=Malaysia hosts Miss Tourism International final |url=http://www.mysinchew.com/node/116505 |access-date=June 1, 2017 |website=[[Sin Chew Daily]]}}</ref> ໃນປີ 2011 ການປະກວດໄດ້ຮັບການຖ່າຍທອດສົດທາງຊ່ອງ RTM1 ແລະ ມີຜູ້ຊົມຫຼາຍພັນຄົນຢູ່ທີ່ຈານຕຸລານ ດາຕາຣານ ເມໄດກາ (Dataran Merdeka) ກ່ອນການນັບຖອຍຫຼັງສູ່ປີ 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |last=PATRICK |first=STEVEN |title=Malaysian beauty crowned Miss Tourism International 2011 |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2012/01/01/malaysian-beauty-crowned-miss-tourism-international-2011 |access-date=2022-11-13 |website=The Star |language=en}}</ref> นอกจากนี้ใน ປີ 2002 ໄດ້ມີການຖ່າຍທອດສົດການປະກວດທາງອິນເຕີເນັດເປັນຄັ້ງທຳອິດ.<ref name="NST"/> ແລະ ໃນປີ 2022 ການປະກວດໄດ້ກັບມາຈັດຂຶ້ນຢູ່ເມືອງກູຈິງ, ລັດຊາຣາວັກ ເປັນຄັ້ງທີສອງ โดยจัดขึ้นเป็นเวลา 18 ວັນ ຕັ້ງແຕ່ວັນທີ 11 ຫາ 28 ພະຈິກ.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Louis |first=Nur Ashikin |date=Feb 22, 2022 |title=25th Miss Tourism International to be held in November 2022 |work=Dayak Daily |url=https://dayakdaily.com/25th-miss-tourism-international-to-be-held-in-november-2022/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rogers |first=Magdalene |date=2022-05-24 |title=Miss Tourism International back in Kuching after 25 years |url=https://www.newsarawaktribune.com.my/miss-tourism-international-back-in-kuching-after-25-years/ |access-date=2022-06-29 |website=New Sarawak Tribune |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220604060806/https://www.newsarawaktribune.com.my/miss-tourism-international-back-in-kuching-after-25-years/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Miss Tourism Int'l pageant will take Sarawak to greater heights, says minister |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2022/10/03/miss-tourism-int039l-pageant-will-take-sarawak-to-greater-heights-says-minister |access-date=2022-11-13 |website=The Star |language=en}}</ref> === ຕໍາແຫນ່ງໃນການປະກວດປັດຈຸບັນ === * ມິສທົວລິຊຶມອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ - Miss Tourism International ''(ເວທີຫລັກ)'' * ມິສທົວລິຊຶມຄວີນອອບເດິເຢຍອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ - Miss Tourism Queen of the Year International ''(ຈັດປະກວດແຍກໃນປີ 1993-1997, 2000, 2004-2006, 2010-2012, 2015-ປັດຈຸບັນ)'' * ມິສທົວລິຊຶມເມໂທຣໂພລິແທນອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ - Miss Tourism Metropolitan International ''(ຈັດປະກວດແຍກໃນປີ 2007, 2016)'' * ມິສທົວລິຊຶມຄອສໂມໂພລິແທນອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ - Miss Tourism Cosmopolitan International * ມິສທົວລິຊຶມໂກລບອນ - Miss Tourism Global * ດຣີມເກີລອອບເດິເຢຍອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ - Dreamgirl of the Year International * ມິສເຊົາອີສເອເຊຍທົວລິຊຶມແອມບາດຊາເດຍ - Miss South East Asia Tourism Ambassadress ''(ຈັດປະກວດແຍກໃນປີ 2015)'' === ຕໍາແຫນ່ງໃນການປະກວດອະດີດ === * ມິສອິນເຕີຄອນທິເນນທັລອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ - Miss Intercontinental International === ເວທີໃນເຄືອ === * ມິສໄຊນີດເວີຣ໌ລ - Miss Chinese World ''(ຈັດປະກວດແຍກໃນປີ 2005, 2011, 2017)'' == ມິສທົວລິຊຶມອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ == ;'''ສັນຍາລັກສີປະຈຳຕຳແໜ່ງ''' {| |valign="top" width=10%| * {{Color box||border=darkgray}} ມິສທົວລິຊຶມອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ (Miss Tourism International) * {{Color box|#FFFF33;:|border=darkgray}} ມິສທົວລິຊຶມຄວີນອອບເດິເຢຍອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ (Miss Tourism Queen of the Year International) * {{Color box|#FFC0CB|border=darkgray}} ມິສທົວລິຊຶມເມໂທຣໂພລິແທນອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ (Miss Tourism Metropolitan International) * {{Color box|#CCFFFF|border=darkgray}} ມິສທົວລິຊຶມໂກລບອນ (Miss Tourism Global) |valign="top" width=10%| * {{Color box|#90EE90|border=darkgray}} ມິສທົວລິຊຶມຄອສໂມໂພລິແທນອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ (Miss Tourism Cosmopolitan International) * {{Color box|#FFFFAA|border=darkgray}} ດຣີມເກີລອອບເດິເຢຍອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ (Dreamgirl of the Year International) * {{Color box|#CCFF66|border=darkgray}} ມິສເຊົາອີສເອເຊຍທົວລິຊຶມແອມບາດຊາເດຍ (Miss South East Asia Tourism Ambassadress) * {{Color box|#FFD39B|border=darkgray}} ມິສອິນເຕີຄອນທິເນນທັລອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ <small>''(ຕຳແໜ່ງໃນອະດີດ)''</small> |} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 80%; text-align:center;" | ! rowspan="2" |ຄັ້ງທີ ! rowspan="2" |ປີ ! rowspan="2" width="600" |ຜູ້ຊະນະ ! colspan="4" |ຮອງຊະນະເລີດ ! colspan="2" |ລາງວັນພິເສດ ! rowspan="2" |ສະຖານທີ່ ! rowspan="2" |ວັນທີ ! rowspan="2" |ຜູ້ເຂົ້າແຂ່ງຂັນ |- ! width="600" |ຮອງອັນດັບ 1 ! width="600" |ຮອງອັນດັບ 2 ! width="600" |ຮອງອັນດັບ 3 ! width="600" |ຮອງອັນດັບ 4 ! width="600" |ຮອງອັນດັບ 5 ! width="600" |ຮອງອັນດັບ 6 |- |1 |1994 |ມິເຊລ ໂຮມສ໌<br>{{flag|ອົດສະຕະຣາລີ}} |ເອມິລີຢາ ອັບດຸນ ຮາມິດ<br>{{flag|ມາເລເຊຍ}} |ຈີ ຍອງ-ມິນ<br>{{flag|ເກົາຫຼີໃຕ້}} |ບາຄາ ມາດ້ານ<br>{{flag|ອິນເດຍ}} |ຣິຊາ ເອນ. ມາຕິເນຊ<br>{{flag|ຟີລິບປິນ}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |ກູຈິງ, [[ປະເທດມາເລເຊຍ|ມາເລເຊຍ]] |6 ພຶດສະພາ |24 |- |2 |1995 |ມາເຣຍ ພາເທລລີ<br>{{flag|ກະແລັດ}} |ລາວິນີຢາ ແທນ<br>{{flag|ມາເລເຊຍ}} |ຄິມເບີລີ ໄບເອີສ໌<br>{{flag|ສະຫະລັດອາເມລິກາ}} |ເຊີຣິລີນ ອຸຍ ເຣເຍສ<br>{{flag|ຟີລິບປິນ}} |ໄຮດີ ເອສກີເວລ<br>{{flag|ຄອສຕາລີກາ}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |ເກາະລັງກາວີ, [[ປະເທດມາເລເຊຍ|ມາເລເຊຍ]] |24 ມີນາ |24 |- |3 |1998 |ຣອກຊານາ ໂຢເນກ<br>{{flag|ໂປໂລຍ}} |ກາບຣີເອລາ ອາດາມໂຄໂວວາ<br>{{flag|ແຊັກ}} |ເມລລານີ ກາບັດ<br>{{flag|ຟີລິບປິນ}} |ອຸຍ ບີ ບີ<br>{{flag|ມາເລເຊຍ}} |ມິຣຽມ ວີວາສ ລູນາ<br>{{flag|ຮອນດູຣັສ}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} | rowspan="14" |[[ສຸບັງ]], [[ປະເທດມາເລເຊຍ|ມາເລເຊຍ]] |30 ມີນາ |21 |- |4 |1999 |ແອກເນດກາ ຊາເຄຣຕາ<br>{{flag|ໂປໂລຍ}} | bgcolor="#FFFF33;:&quot;" |ຣາເຄວນ ອຸຍ<br>{{flag|ຟີລິບປິນ}} | bgcolor="#FFD39B" |ຣຸດ ຄານກາດ<br>{{flag|ແຟງລັງ}} | bgcolor="#FFFFAA" |ນິຣັດຊາລາ ຄຳຍາ<br>{{flag|ໄທ}} | bgcolor="#90EE90" |ນິເດຍ ຄິເມເນຊ<br>{{flag|ຄອສຕາລີກາ}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |30 ຕຸລາ |21 |- |5 |2000 |ມາເຣຍ ເອສເປຣັນຊາ ມັນຊາໂນ<br>{{flag|ຟີລິບປິນ}} | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |ໂໝດ ກາຣ໌ນິເຢີ<br>{{flag|ຝະລັ່ງ}} | bgcolor="#FFD39B" |ມາເຣຍ ຄຣິສຕິນາ ໂລເປຊ ປາລາຊິໂອສ<br>{{flag|ເວເນຊຸເອລາ}} | bgcolor="#FFFFAA" |ໂອເລສຢາ ຄຣັກມັລໂຢວາ<br>{{flag|ອູກະແລນ}} | bgcolor="#90EE90" |ລູຣ໌ເດສ ມາຕິເນຊ<br>{{flag|ແອສະປາຍ}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |19 ພະຈິກ |17 |- |6 |2001 |ແຄນດິຊ ປິນໂຕ<br>{{flag|ອິນເດຍ}} | bgcolor="#FFFF33;:&quot;" |ຊູຊານາ ສະເຕພາໂນຟສະກາ<br>{{flag|ແຊັກ}} | bgcolor="#FFD39B" |ໂມນິກາ ກຣູດາ<br>{{flag|ໂປໂລຍ}} | bgcolor="#FFFFAA" |ເອມີ ຫຍານ ເຫວ່ຍ<br>{{flag|ຈີນ}} | bgcolor="#90EE90" |ລິນເດລ ຊຸນ<br>{{flag|ມາເລເຊຍ}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |31 ທັນວາ |26 |- |7 |2002 |ປິຍະນຸດ ຂຳບຸນ<br>{{flag|ໄທ}} | bgcolor="#FFFF33;:&quot;" |ຫຍິນ ຈື້<br>{{flag|ຈີນ}} | bgcolor="#FFD39B" |ເອິບຣຸ ກຶນເຊລ<br>{{flag|ຕຸຣກີ}} | bgcolor="#FFFFAA" |ໄອດາ ອອສມາໂນວິຊ<br>{{flag|ບົດສະນີແຮກເຊໂກວີນ}} | bgcolor="#90EE90" |ມາຮາ ໂຮເຈຈ<br>{{flag|ລີບັງ}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |31 ທັນວາ |26 |- |8 |2003 |ແອງເຈລາ ເບັກ<br>{{flag|ແອຟຣິກາໃຕ້}} | bgcolor="#FFFF33;:&quot;" |ວິກໂຕເຣຍ ຄາຣີດາ<br>{{flag|ກະແລັດ}} | bgcolor="#FFD39B" |ສິງ ຮຸຍ ຫຍວນ<br>{{flag|ຈີນ}} | bgcolor="#FFFFAA" |ເລົາຣາ ໂຣເມໂຣ<br>{{flag|ອາເຈນຕິນາ}} | bgcolor="#90EE90" |ຊູຊານາ ພຸດນາໂຣວາ<br>{{flag|ແຊັກ}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |31 ທັນວາ |30 |- |9 |2004 |ເມກາ ນາເບ<br>{{flag|ສະຫະລັດອາເມລິກາ}} | bgcolor="#FFD39B" |ມາຣິນາ ໂກໂຣເບັດສ໌<br>{{flag|ອູກະແລນ}} | bgcolor="#FFFFAA" |ມາເຣຍ ກາບຣີເອລາ ເປເຣຊ ເດລລາເປຍ<br>{{flag|ເວເນຊຸເອລາ}} | bgcolor="#90EE90" |ກວນ ຊານ ຊານ<br>{{flag|ຈີນ}} | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |ອາຊິກີນ ອັບດ໌ ຣາຮ໌ມັນ<br>{{flag|ສິງກະໂປ}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |31 ທັນວາ |33 |- |10 |2005 |ອິຊາເບລ ລາມອງຕ໌<br>{{flag|ຝະລັ່ງ}} | bgcolor="#FFD39B" |ຈາງ ຕາ-ຊິນ<br>{{flag|ໄຕ້ຫວັນ}} | bgcolor="#FFFFAA" |ສຣິຍາ ຊິງເກ໌<br>{{flag|ອິນເດຍ}} | bgcolor="#90EE90" |ມາເຣຍ-ມາດາເລນາ ເອີກາຕີ<br>{{flag|ກະແລັດ}} | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |ພອນທິບ ປະເສີດສົ່ງ<br>{{flag|ໄທ}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |31 ທັນວາ |36 |- |11 |2006 |ຟລໍຣິນາ ມາເນອາ<br>{{flag|ລູມານີ}} |ທັນຢາ ວາກິລ<br>{{flag|ອິນເດຍ}} |ໂໝດ ທອດຈ໌ມັນ<br>{{flag|ຝະລັ່ງ}} |ອານາ ມາເຣຍ ກອນຊາເລຊ<br>{{flag|ເມັກຊິໂກ}} |ນິໂນ ອາບາຊິດເຊ<br>{{flag|ເຊອັອກຊີ}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |12 ພະຈິກ |41 |- |12 |2008 |ມະນັສວີ ມັມໄກ<br>{{flag|ອິນເດຍ}} | bgcolor="#FFFF33;:&quot;" |ຄຣິສຕິນ ຟຣັງຄ໌ຊັກ<br>{{flag|ບຣາຊິລ}} | bgcolor="#FFC0CB" |ອັລມາ ມູລາລິຊ<br>{{flag|ບົດສະນີແຮກເຊໂກວີນ}} | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |ອນັນຢາ ຊິນແສງໄຊ<br>{{flag|ໄທ}} | bgcolor="#90EE90" |ຣູບີ ຫວ່ອງ<br>{{flag|ຮ່ອງກົງ}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |31 ທັນວາ |45 |- |13 |2009 |ຊາຣາຮ໌ ເອລຊານອຟສກີ<br>{{flag|ເຢຍລະມັນ}} | bgcolor="#FFFF33;:&quot;" |ເຄສສິກາ ຄາເຣລີ ອິບາຣ໌ຣາ ເປຕິດ<br>{{flag|ເວເນຊຸເອລາ}} | bgcolor="#FFC0CB" |ໄທ໌ສ ຄັລມາເນ ເນເວສ<br>{{flag|ບຣາຊິລ}} | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |ເອັດວິນາ ມາຄຸສ<br>{{flag|ມາເລເຊຍ}} | bgcolor="#90EE90" |ກາບຣີເອລາ ໂຄຣິນໂຄວາ<br>{{flag|ແຊັກ}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |31 ທັນວາ |45 |- |14 |2010 |ນາທາລີ ເດນ ເດັກເກີ<br>{{flag|ໂຮນລັງ}} | bgcolor="#FFC0CB" |ຮອລລີ-ແອນນ໌ ວິສເຊີ<br>{{flag|ອົດສະຕະຣາລີ}} | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |ສະເຕຟານີ ອັນເດຣອີນາ ກອນຊາເລຊ ໂຊກໍຣໍ<br>{{flag|ເວເນຊຸເອລາ}} | bgcolor="#90EE90" |ບາບາຣາ ຊັລວາດໍ<br>{{flag|ຟີລິບປິນ}} | bgcolor="#FFFFAA" |ໂບຣໂກລຈິນ ບາຍາໄຊຄານ<br>{{flag|ມົງໂກລີ}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |31 ທັນວາ |55 |- |15 |2011 |ໄອລີນ ກາບຣີເອລລາ ໂຣບິນສັນ<br>{{flag|ມາເລເຊຍ}} | bgcolor="#FFC0CB" |ຄາໂຣລິນາ ເດລ ຄາເມນ<br>{{flag|ປານາມາ}} | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |ພັດສຣາພອນ ຄົນຄຳແຫ້ງ<br>{{flag|ໄທ}} | bgcolor="#90EE90" |ອາແມນດາ ເຫຼຽງ<br>{{flag|ສິງກະໂປ}} | bgcolor="#FFFFAA" |ຍານາ ໂຄເປັກກາ<br>{{flag|ແຊັກ}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |31 ທັນວາ |54 |- |16 |2012 |ຣິຊຊິນີ ອະເລັກຊິສ ໂກເມຊ †<br>{{flag|ຟີລິບປິນ}} | bgcolor="#FFC0CB" |ໂມນິກາ ຣາດູໂລວິຊ<br>{{flag|ອົດສະຕະຣາລີ}} | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |ມາຣີເອລິສ ອາເລຮັນດຣາ ກັສເຕຢາໂນສ ເປເຣຊ<br>{{flag|ເວເນຊຸເອລາ}} | bgcolor="#90EE90" |ລູຣ໌ເດສ ມາເຣຍ ເດລ ຄາເມນ<br>{{flag|ປາຣາກວັຍ}} | bgcolor="#FFFFAA" |ຈຸນ ຍົງ ວານ<br>{{flag|ມາເລເຊຍ}} | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |ສຸພັດຕຣາ ຊູເຈີນ<br>{{flag|ໄທ}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |31 ທັນວາ |55 |- |17 |2013 |ອັນເຈລີ ດິໂອເນ ໂກເມຊ<br>{{flag|ຟີລິບປິນ}} | bgcolor="#FFFF33;:&quot;" |ສຸນິດພອນ ສີສຸວັນ<br>{{flag|ໄທ}} | bgcolor="#FFC0CB" |ຊາຣາຮ໌ ຊານຸກ<br>{{flag|ອົດສະຕະຣາລີ}} | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |ມິເຊລ ອາເລັກຊິສ ຕໍເຣສ<br>{{flag|ສາທາລະນະລັດໂດມິນີກັນ}} | bgcolor="#90EE90" |ທາຣາຮ໌ ກາເນຊັນ<br>{{flag|ມາເລເຊຍ}} | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |ຟານ ຮ່ວາງ ທູ<br>{{flag|ຫວຽດນາມ}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} | rowspan="3" |ປຸດຕຣາຈາຢາ, [[ປະເທດມາເລເຊຍ|ມາເລເຊຍ]] |31 ທັນວາ |62 |- |18 |2014 |ຟັດດີຢາ ອິຊາເບລ ຮາລາບີ ຕຣອຍຊີ<br>{{flag|ເວເນຊຸເອລາ}} | bgcolor="#FFFF33;:&quot;" |ວະຣາງສິຣິ ວຸທິຍາກອນ<br>{{flag|ໄທ}} | bgcolor="#FFC0CB" |ເກລນນີເຟີ ເປຣິໂດ<br>{{flag|ຟີລິບປິນ}} | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |ຊາຣິນາ ບາເທລສ໌<br>{{flag|ໂຮນລັງ}} | bgcolor="#90EE90" |ຊຸນ ເຫວິນ ໂສ້ງ<br>{{flag|ຈີນ}} | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |ເຫງວຽນ ດຽວ ລິນ<br>{{flag|ຫວຽດນາມ}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |31 ທັນວາ |60 |- |19 |2016 |ເອເຣຍລ ເພຍຣ໌ສ<br>{{flag|ນູແວນ​ເຊລັງ}} | bgcolor="#90EE90" |ໄທ໌ນາ ມາການຽດສ໌<br>{{flag|ບຣາຊິລ}} | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |ທາຊາ ຣອສສ໌<br>{{flag|ອົດສະຕະຣາລີ}} | bgcolor="#FFFFAA" |ຄິເມນາ ເດລກາໂດ<br>{{flag|ເມັກຊິໂກ}} | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |ດິກນາ ຟາຣາດິບາ<br>{{flag|ອິນໂດເນເຊຍ}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |31 ທັນວາ |46 |- |20 |2017 |ແຈນນີ ລູເດດຕ໌ ອາລີໂປ-ອນ<br>{{flag|ຟີລິບປິນ}} | bgcolor="#FFC0CB" |ມາຢາ ເຊຍຣອນ<br>{{flag|ໂປໂລຍ}} | bgcolor="#90EE90" |ລອຍສ໌ ແທນເຈລ<br>{{flag|ອິນໂດເນເຊຍ}} | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |ຈູເລຍ ຮໍຕາ<br>{{flag|ບຣາຊິລ}} | bgcolor="#FFFFAA" |ໄດອານາ ຮິລສ໌<br>{{flag|ອົດສະຕະຣາລີ}} | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |ແປ້ງຫອມ ກະມົນຣັດ<br>{{flag|ໄທ}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |ໂຈໂຮຣ໌ບະຮ໌ຣູ, [[ປະເທດມາເລເຊຍ|ມາເລເຊຍ]] |6 ທັນວາ |49 |- |21 |2018 |ອັສຕາຣີ ອິນດາຮ໌ ເວີຣ໌ນິເດອານີ<br>{{flag|ອິນໂດເນເຊຍ}} | bgcolor="#FFC0CB" |ຊາຣາຮ໌ ເຊເບດ ພເຄຍຊ<br>{{flag|ເຄນຢາ}} | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |ແຊນດຣາ ຄັລລາຮານ<br>{{flag|ອົດສະຕະຣາລີ}} | bgcolor="#90EE90" |ເລົາຣາ ສະກູເຕເນ<br>{{flag|ແລດໂຕນີ}} | bgcolor="#FFFFAA" |ຈູເລຽນ ເຟີຣ໌ນານເດຊ<br>{{flag|ຟີລິບປິນ}} | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |ຄາເອັນນ໌ ອຶ້ງ<br>{{flag|ມາເລເຊຍ}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} | rowspan="2" |ບັນດາຊັນເວ, [[ປະເທດມາເລເຊຍ|ມາເລເຊຍ]] |21 ທັນວາ |45 |- |22 |2019 |ຊີຣີລລ໌ ພາຢູໂມ<br>{{flag|ຟີລິບປິນ}} | bgcolor="#FFFF33;:" |ກາບຣີເອລລາ ມັນໂດແລງ<br>{{flag|ອິນໂດເນເຊຍ}} | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |ຄາເຕຣິນາ ຄາຊາຊວີລີ<br>{{flag|ອູກະແລນ}} | bgcolor="#90EE90" |ໂຢອັນນາ ບາບິນໂກ<br>{{flag|ໂປໂລຍ}} | bgcolor="#FFFFAA" |ໂສຕິມາ ຈອນ<br>{{flag|ກຳປູເຈຍ}} | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |ຊົມພູນຸດ ພຶ່ງຜົນ<br>{{flag|ໄທ}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |8 ພະຈິກ |39 |- |23 |2020 |ມາເຣຍ ບາລິກກີ ວິນຮາຣ໌ສກີ<br>{{flag|ບຣາຊິລ}} | bgcolor="#FFFF33;:" |ພັດຊາພລອຍ ເຮືອນດາຫຼວງ<br>{{flag|ໄທ}} | bgcolor="#FFC0CB" |ຄລາດິຕາ ມາວາຣ໌ນີ ຊາເລມ<br>{{flag|ອິນໂດເນເຊຍ}} | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |ເທເຣຊາ ໂບຮຸສລາໂວວາ<br>{{flag|ແຊັກ}} | bgcolor="#90EE90" |ເຄດ ມົວຣ໌<br>{{flag|ອົດສະຕະຣາລີ}} | bgcolor="#FFFFAA" |ລຸຊ ເອລວາ ຄລາກອສ ກາຍາຣ໌ໂດ<br>{{flag|ໂບລິເວຍ}} | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |ລິມ ຊູ ແອນນ໌<br>{{flag|ມາເລເຊຍ}} | rowspan="2" |ປະກວດຮູບແບບອອນໄລນ໌ |17 ມີນາ 2021 |31 |- |24 |2021 |ເຈສຊີ ຊິລານາ ວົງໂຊດິຮາຣ໌ໂຈ<br>{{flag|ອິນໂດເນເຊຍ}} | bgcolor="#FFFF33;:" |ລິລີ ອັນນີ ໂຊເຟຍ ຄໍເພລາ<br>{{flag|ແຟງລັງ}} | bgcolor="#FFC0CB" |ຮ່ວາງ ທີ ເຮືອງ ລີ<br>{{flag|ຫວຽດນາມ}} | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |ໂທລູວາໂລເປ ໂອລາເຣວາຈູ<br>{{flag|ໄນຈີເຣຍ}} | bgcolor="#90EE90" |ຮາວ ໂຊ ອີ<br>{{flag|ມາເລເຊຍ}} | bgcolor="#FFFFAA" |ອາຣາເຊະລີ ໂດມິງເກຊ<br>{{flag|ປາຣາກວັຍ}} | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |ໄຄນ໌ທ ເຈນເຊນ ເພຕຣາຊານຕາ<br>{{flag|ຟີລິບປິນ}} |19 ທັນວາ |44 |- |25 |2022 |ສຸພັດຕຣາ ເກຼື້ອງພ້ອມ<br>{{flag|ໄທ}} | bgcolor="#FFFF33;:" |ເລົາຣາ ບີຣ໌ຄິເນຍ ຊາບາເລຕາ ຄາຊາໂດ<br>{{flag|ເວເນຊຸເອລາ}} | bgcolor="#FFC0CB" |ມາເຣຍ ແອງເຈລິໂກ ປານຕາລີອາໂນ<br>{{flag|ຟີລິບປິນ}} | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |ຄຣິສຕັລ ຫວ່າງ ຣົ່ວເຈຍ<br>{{flag|ສິງກະໂປ}} | bgcolor="#90EE90" |ອາລິຊາ ຄຸກ<br>{{flag|ສະຫະລັດອາເມລິກາ}} | bgcolor="#FFFFAA" |ແອບິເກລ ເຄີຣ໌ດ<br>{{flag|ນູແວນ​ເຊລັງ}} | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |ຟີບີ ອ່ອງ ຍີ່ ຮຸຍ<br>{{flag|ມາເລເຊຍ}} |ກູຈິງ, [[ປະເທດມາເລເຊຍ|ມາເລເຊຍ]] |25 ພະຈິກ |40 |- |26 |2023 |ເທຍ ທະວີພານິດພັນ<br>{{flag|ໄທ}} | bgcolor="#FFFF33;:" |ເອມິລີ ຄອສຊີ້<br>{{flag|ສະຫະລາຊະອານາຈັກ}} | bgcolor="#FFC0CB" |ເຈເນດຕ໌ ເຣເຍສ<br>{{flag|ຟີລິບປິນ}} | bgcolor="#90EE90" |ເຈນ ເຈຽງ ຊື່ ຮຸຍ<br>{{flag|ມາເລເຊຍ}} | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |ຄາຣ໌ລີ ເດວິດ<br>{{flag|ອົດສະຕະຣາລີ}} | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |ເຈເນດຕ໌ ເຣເຍສ<br>{{flag|ຟີລິບປິນ}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |ໂກຕາຄິນາບາລູ, [[ປະເທດມາເລເຊຍ|ມາເລເຊຍ]] |25 ພະຈິກ |44 |- |27 |2024 |ລີອານາ ບາຣ໌ຣີໂດ<br>{{flag|ຟີລິບປິນ}} | bgcolor="#FFFF33;:" |ນັດຖາ ອິນຕະເສົາ<br>{{flag|ໄທ}} | bgcolor="#FFC0CB" |ມິເລນາ ພາໂອລາ ໂຊໂຕ ເປເຣຊ<br>{{flag|ເວເນຊຸເອລາ}} | bgcolor="#90EE90" |ເກຣສ ຣິຊາດສັນ<br>{{flag|ສະຫະລາຊະອານາຈັກ}} | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |ອັລບີນາ ຄອສຕິໂຄວາ<br>{{flag|ກຽກກິດສະຖານ}} | bgcolor="#FFFFAA" |ນິໂຄລ ເບຄອນ<br>{{flag|ສິງກະໂປ}} | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |ວູ ກວິນ ຈາງ<br>{{flag|ຫວຽດນາມ}} |ສຸບັງ, [[ປະເທດມາເລເຊຍ|ມາເລເຊຍ]] |13 ທັນວາ |40 |- |28 |2025 |ຊູຊານນາ ບາໂລເນັກ<br>{{flag|ໂປໂລຍ}} | bgcolor="#FFFF33;:" |ຄຣິສຕີນ ເອດສ໌ ເອເນໂຣ<br>{{flag|ຟີລິບປິນ}} | bgcolor="#FFC0CB" |ໄປ໋ ຕັ້ວ ລານ (ໂດຣິສ ໄປ໋)<br>{{flag|ຈີນ}} | bgcolor="#90EE90" |ອັນເດຣອາ ປິເນດາ<br>{{flag|ໂຄລັມເບຍ}} | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |ມິດເຊລລ໌ ໂອຕີເອໂນ<br>{{flag|ເຄນຢາ}} | bgcolor="#FFFFAA" |ສສິຊາ ດວງເກດ<br>{{flag|ໄທ}} | bgcolor="#CCFF66" |ທັນ ຊັນ ວີ ໂວ<br>{{flag|ຫວຽດນາມ}} |ເບິນຕົງ, [[ປະເທດມາເລເຊຍ|ມາເລເຊຍ]] |18 ຕຸລາ |37 |} ==== ຄັງຮູບພາບຜູ້ຊະນະ ==== <gallery class="center"> File:Angeli Dione Gomez.jpg|'''ມິສທົວລິຊຶມອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ 2013/2014'''<br />ອັນເຈລີ ດິໂອເນ ໂກເມຊ<br />ຟິລິບປິນ File:Manasvi Mamgai at DJ Party (cropped).jpg|'''ມິສທົວລິຊຶມອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ 2008/2009'''<br />ມະນັສວີ ມັມໄກ<br />ອິນເດຍ File:Candice Pinto graces the launch of White Elephant (03) (cropped).jpg|'''ມິສທົວລິຊຶມອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ 2001/2002'''<br />ແຄນດິຊ ປິນໂຕ<br />ອິນເດຍ File:Foto putri 2.jpg|'''ມິສທົວລິຊຶມອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ 2021/2022'''<br />ເຈສຊີ ຊິລານາ ວົງໂຊດິຮາຣ໌ໂຈ<br />ອິນໂດເນເຊຍ File:Suphatra Kliangprom in National Costume for MGT2022.png|'''ມິສທົວລິຊຶມອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ 2022/2023'''<br />ສຸພັດຕຣາ ເກຼື້ອງພ້ອມ<br />ໄທ File:Tia Taveepanichpan.png|'''ມິສທົວລິຊຶມອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ 2023/2024'''<br />ເທຍ ທະວີພານິດພັນ<br />ໄທ </gallery> === ຕົວແທນປະເທດລາວ === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; text-align:center; width:100%" ! style="background-color:#787878;color:#FFFFFF;"|ປີ ! style="background-color:#787878;color:#FFFFFF;"|ຜູ້ດຳລົງຕຳແໜ່ງ ! style="background-color:#787878;color:#FFFFFF;"|ແຂວງ ! style="background-color:#787878;color:#FFFFFF;" |ຕຳແໜ່ງ ! style="background-color:#787878;color:#FFFFFF;" |ຕຳແໜ່ງໃນການປະກວດ ! style="background-color:#787878;color:#FFFFFF;" |ລາງວັນພິເສດ |- |2024 |ຈິດຕະກອນ ມຸນທະດີ |[[ແຂວງວຽງຈັນ]] |ໄດ້ຮັບການແຕ່ງຕັ້ງ |ບໍ່ໄດ້ເຂົ້າຮອບ | |- |2019 |ພາວິນາ ຍົງວົງສິດທິ |[[ແຂວງວຽງຈັນ]] |ໄດ້ຮັບການແຕ່ງຕັ້ງ | colspan="2" {{N/a|ບໍ່ໄດ້ເຂົ້າຮ່ວມປະກວດ}} |- |2018 |ທິດາ ສິດທິໄຊ |[[ແຂວງວຽງຈັນ]] |ໄດ້ຮັບການແຕ່ງຕັ້ງ |ບໍ່ໄດ້ເຂົ້າຮອບ | |- |2017 |ມາລິສາ ສີດາຈັນ |[[ແຂວງວຽງຈັນ]] |ໄດ້ຮັບການແຕ່ງຕັ້ງ |colspan="2" {{N/a|ບໍ່ໄດ້ເຂົ້າຮ່ວມປະກວດ}} |} == ມິສທົວລິຊຶມຄວີນອອບເດິເຢຍອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ == ກໍ່ຕັ້ງຂຶ້ນໃນປີ '''1993''', ເດີມປະກວດໃນຊື່ '''ມິສຄວີນອອບເດິເຢຍອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ (Miss Queen of the Year International)'''. ຈັດຂຶ້ນເພື່ອເປັນເວທີໃຫ້ແມ່ຍິງຮຸ່ນໃໝ່ໄດ້ສະແດງສັກກະຍາພາບດ້ານຜູ້ນຳ, ບຸກຄະລິກກະພາບ ແລະ ຄວາມມຸ່ງໝັ້ນໃນການສົ່ງເສີມການທ່ອງທ່ຽວ. ຕະຫຼອດຫຼາຍທົດສະວັດທີ່ຜ່ານມາ ໄດ້ວິວັດທະນາການມາເປັນແບຣນລະດັບໂລກທີ່ມຸ່ງເນັ້ນໃຫ້ "ຄວີນອອບເດິເຢຍ" ເປັນສັນຍະລັກຂອງຄວາມງົດງາມ ແລະ ເປັນໂຄສົກໃນການສົ່ງເສີມການທ່ອງທ່ຽວ ແລະ ການແລກປ່ຽນວັດທະນະທຳລະຫວ່າງປະເທດ. ;'''ສັນຍາລັກສີປະຈຳຕຳແໜ່ງ''' {| |valign="top" width=10%| * {{Color box|#FFC0CB|border=darkgray}} ມິສທົວລິຊຶມເມໂທຣໂພລິແທນອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ (Miss Tourism Metropolitan International) * {{Color box|#CCFFFF|border=darkgray}} ມິສທົວລິຊຶມໂກລບອນ (Miss Tourism Global) |valign="top" width=10%| * {{Color box|#90EE90|border=darkgray}} ມິສທົວລິຊຶມຄອສໂມໂພລິແທນອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ (Miss Tourism Cosmopolitan International) * {{Color box|#FFFFAA|border=darkgray}} ດຣີມເກີລອອບເດິເຢຍອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ (Dreamgirl of the Year International) |} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 80%; text-align:center;" | ! rowspan="2" |ຄັ້ງທີ ! rowspan="2" |ປີ ! rowspan="2" width="600" |ຜູ້ຊະນະ ! colspan="4" |ຮອງຊະນະເລີດ ! rowspan="2" |ສະຖານທີ່ ! rowspan="2" |ວັນທີ ! rowspan="2" |ຜູ້ເຂົ້າແຂ່ງຂັນ |- ! width="600" |ຮອງອັນດັບ 1 ! width="600" |ຮອງອັນດັບ 2 ! width="600" |ຮອງອັນດັບ 3 ! width="600" |ຮອງອັນດັບ 4 |- |1 |1993 |ຣີຕາ ໂອມວິກ<br>{{flag|ນອກແວ}} |ຈິລລີ ເອດເວີດສ໌<br>{{flag|ອົດສະຕະຣາລີ}} |ມາເຊນນາ ໂວສກາ<br>{{flag|ໂປໂລຍ}} |ເຊເລສຕ໌ ວີເວີ<br>{{flag|ສະຫະລັດອາເມລິກາ}} |ຊູຊານ ມາເນນ<br>{{flag|ມາເລເຊຍ}} | rowspan="5" |ກົວລາລຳເປີ, [[ປະເທດມາເລເຊຍ|ມາເລເຊຍ]] |27 ມີຖຸນາ |20 |- |2 |1994 |ຈໍຈີນາ ເດນາຮີ<br>{{flag|ອົດສະຕະຣາລີ}} |ບີເອຕຣິສ ວອນນິກູ<br>{{flag|ລູມານີ}} |ເທເຣຊີ ໂດໂບຣໂວລນາ<br>{{flag|ແຊັກ}} |ຊູຊານາ ກັລເວສ ເອສໂຄເບໂດ<br>{{flag|ເມັກຊິໂກ}} |ແຈເນັດ ຊິວ<br>{{flag|ສິງກະໂປ}} |16 ກໍລະກົດ |24 |- |3 |1995 |ໂຢຮັນນາ ຣອສເຕນ<br>{{flag|ແຟງລັງ}} |ເພຣວີທາ ທີຢາກາຣາຈາຮ໌<br>{{flag|ມາເລເຊຍ}} |ຄິມເບີລີ ລໍເຣນຊ໌<br>{{flag|ສະຫະລັດອາເມລິກາ}} |ໂມນິກາ ກີມາຣາຍສ໌ ເຟີໄຣຣາ<br>{{flag|ບຣາຊິລ}} |ມາຣິຕາ ນາເກລ<br>{{flag|ເຢຍລະມັນ}} |18 ມີຖຸນາ |22 |- |4 |1996 |ເຊີຣິລລ໌ ຄາປິລີ ຊັນຕາຣິນ<br>{{flag|ຟີລິບປິນ}} |ຄິມເບີລີ ແທນ<br>{{flag|ມາເລເຊຍ}} |ຄາໂຣລິນາ ລັບໂປ<br>{{flag|ໂປໂລຍ}} |ຄາຣ໌ລາ ຮັນນາລໍຣ໌ ຟໍເຄລ<br>{{flag|ກົວເຕມາລາ}} |ຊາຣີ ນີມິເນນ<br>{{flag|ແຟງລັງ}} |15 ກໍລະກົດ |24 |- |5 |1997 |ຄັສຕານີ ວັສເກຊ<br>{{flag|ເມັກຊິໂກ}} |ຊິລເຈ ສະເກົາ ຊີເວີດເຊນ<br>{{flag|ນອກແວ}} |ເພຣຊິໂອຊາ ເຣເຍສ ວາເລນເຊຍ<br>{{flag|ຟີລິບປິນ}} |ອານນາ ຟິເຊກ<br>{{flag|ໂປໂລຍ}} |ວາເລີຣີ ຮັນເຕີ<br>{{flag|ເອກົດ}} |15 ມີຖຸນາ |24 |- |6 |2000 |ເອເວລິນ ໂລເປຊ ຊັນໂດວັລ<br>{{flag|ກົວເຕມາລາ}} |ຄຣິສຕີ ແອນ ເປກຊອນ<br>{{flag|ຟີລິບປິນ}} |ເຈນນີ ມາເຣຍ ດາລແມນ<br>{{flag|ແຟງລັງ}} |ຂນິດຖາກັນ ແສງປະຈັກສະກຸນ<br>{{flag|ໄທ}} |ຊີໂມເນ ລີມາ ເຟຣຍເຣ<br>{{flag|ບຣາຊິລ}} |ກົວລາລຳເປີ, [[ປະເທດມາເລເຊຍ|ມາເລເຊຍ]] |1 ກໍລະກົດ |19 |- |7 |2004 |ອນຸຊ ກຣິກໍຣຽນ<br>{{flag|ອາກເມນີ}} |ຄໍລີນ ຟຣານຊິສກາ ເພເຣຣາ<br>{{flag|ສິງກະໂປ}} |ອານາ ເກຣາຊິໂມຟສະກາ<br>{{flag|ມາເຊດວນເໜືອ}} |ເຍຄາເຕຣິນາ ຟິລິໂມໂນວາ<br>{{flag|ລັດເຊຍ}} |ລິສ ລັສສ໌<br>{{flag|ແອສະໂຕນີ}} |ສາງຊາ, [[ປະເທດຈີນ|ຈີນ]] |29 ຕຸລາ |31 |- |8 |2005 |ເສິ່ນ ຈ່າຮຸ່ຍ<br>{{flag|ໄຕ້ຫວັນ}} |ອັລມາເກີລ ຊັກນາເຍວາ<br>{{flag|ກາຊັກສະຖານ}} |ເອດີຕາ ຮໍໂຕວາ<br>{{flag|ແຊັກ}} |ຄາຣິນາ ເຣເບກາ ເນາແມນນ໌<br>{{flag|ປາຣາກວັຍ}} |ຣູຕາ ບາດເກວີຊີອູເຕ<br>{{flag|ລີຕົວນີ}} |ອູ່ຮັ້ນ, [[ປະເທດຈີນ|ຈີນ]] |6 ພະຈິກ |41 |- |9 |2006 |ອຳພິກາ ຊວນປຣີຊາ<br>{{flag|ໄທ}} |ຮວ່າງ ເຈິ້ງເຈັ້ຍ<br>{{flag|ໄຕ້ຫວັນ}} |ເທເຣຊາ ຊະມິດ<br>{{flag|ແຄນນາດາ}} |ຢານາ ໂດເລເຊໂລວາ<br>{{flag|ແຊັກ}} |ຊານາຣ໌ ສະມາໂກໂລວາ<br>{{flag|ກາຊັກສະຖານ}} |ເພັດທະລິງຈາຢາ, [[ປະເທດມາເລເຊຍ|ມາເລເຊຍ]] |30 ທັນວາ |37 |- |10 |2010 |ຮາ ຮຍອນ-ຈອງ<br>{{flag|ເກົາຫຼີໃຕ້}} |ຣີເກ ຄາໂຣໄລນ໌<br>{{flag|ອິນໂດເນເຊຍ}} |ເທເຣຊາ ໄຟກ໌ໂຊວາ<br>{{flag|ແຊັກ}} |ມິເຊລ ລີ ດ້ານ<br>{{flag|ຈີນ}} |ວາຊິລິນາ ເວລິຈໂກ<br>{{flag|ບີເອໂລລຸດ}} |ຊີນໂຈວ, [[ປະເທດຈີນ|ຈີນ]] |25 ກັນຍາ |75 |- |11 |2011 |ອູຣ໌ວາຊີ ຣາວເທລາ<br>{{flag|ອິນເດຍ}} |ອິວັນນາ ກໍຣ໌ຊາຣ໌<br>{{flag|ອູກະແລນ}} |ອາແມນດາ ວາເຣດກາ<br>{{flag|ໂປໂລຍ}} |ຢູຈີນີ ອຸຍ<br>{{flag|ມາເລເຊຍ}} |ພຍອງ ຮີ ຄອງ<br>{{flag|ເກົາຫຼີໃຕ້}} |ອິ້ງຖັນ, [[ປະເທດຈີນ|ຈີນ]] |5 ພະຈິກ |53 |- |12 |2012 |ອັສຕາ ຢາກູໄມເຕ<br>{{flag|ລີຕົວນີ}} |ຄິມ ຍອງ-ຈູ<br>{{flag|ເກົາຫຼີໃຕ້}} |ຫຼິວ ຢານ ຈຸນ<br>{{flag|ຈີນ}} |ຊາຣາຮ໌ ແລເກ ເພເດີເຊນ<br>{{flag|ດານມາກ}} |ນູເຣຍ ອາອີດາ ຄາໂດ້ໂຊ<br>{{flag|ປອກຕຸຍການ}} |ໜານຈິງ, [[ປະເທດຈີນ|ຈີນ]] |4 ທັນວາ |49 |- |13 |2015 |ເລເລນ ແມ ເບົາຕິສຕາ<br>{{flag|ຟີລິບປິນ}} | bgcolor="#FFC0CB" |ຊີລາ ຄິຣາໂບ<br>{{flag|ຢູກັນດາ}} | bgcolor="#CCFFFF" |ອິຣ໌ມິນາ ເພຣໄຊເກລາວີຊີອູເຕ<br>{{flag|ລີຕົວນີ}} | bgcolor="#90EE90" |ທັນຢາ ອຽຣ໌ ອັສທໍຣ໌ດອດຕີຣ໌<br>{{flag|ອິດສະລັງ}} | bgcolor="#FFFFAA" |ຊັນດ໌ນີ ຊາຣ໌ມາ<br>{{flag|ອິນເດຍ}} |ກົວລາລຳເປີ, [[ປະເທດມາເລເຊຍ|ມາເລເຊຍ]] |31 ທັນວາ |57 |- |14 |2016 |ໂຊຟີອາ ຊາອາເວດຣາ<br>{{flag|ຊິລີ}} |ຫວ່າງ ເໝິງ<br>{{flag|ຈີນ}} |ອັນດຣີອາ-ລີເລຍນາ ປົບເປສກູ<br>{{flag|ລູມານີ}} |ຄຣິສຕີ ເທເລີຣ໌<br>{{flag|ອົດສະຕະຣາລີ}} |ດາມານພຣີຕ ຄໍຣ໌ ບຣາຣ໌<br>{{flag|ອິນເດຍ}} | rowspan="2" |ຊຽງໄຮ, [[ປະເທດຈີນ|ຈີນ]] |18 ທັນວາ |55 |- |15 |2017 |ຄັດຢາ ຢາກິໂມວາ<br>{{flag|ລັດເຊຍ}} |ໂອຣິອານາ ເນໂວຣາ<br>{{flag|ອາເຈນຕິນາ}} |ເບລວີ ນາ ເຕເດ ໂອໂຟຣີ<br>{{flag|ການາ}} |ຊູຊັນນາ ເລກຊາລູ<br>{{flag|ແອສະໂຕນີ}} |ກັນຕຸລກາ ໂຊດເກເຣລ<br>{{flag|ມົງໂກລີ}} |22 ທັນວາ |54 |} ==== ຄັງຮູບພາບຜູ້ຊະນະ ==== <gallery class="center"> File:Urvashi Rautela at the promotion for 'Hate Story 4' in Mumbai.jpg|'''ມິສທົວລິຊຶມຄວີນອອບເດິເຢຍອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ 2011/2012'''<br />ອູຣ໌ວາຊີ ຣາວເທລາ<br />ອິນເດຍ File:Councilor Leren Bautista - 2023 (cropped).jpg|'''ມິສທົວລິຊຶມຄວີນອອບເດິເຢຍອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ 2015/2016'''<br />ເລເລນ ແມ ເບົາຕິສຕາ<br />ຟິລິບປິນ File:Patcha Patchaploy.png|'''ມິສທົວລິຊຶມຄວີນອອບເດິເຢຍອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ 2020/2021'''<br />ພັດຊາພລອຍ ເຮືອນດາຫຼວງ<br />ໄທ </gallery> === ຕົວແທນປະເທດລາວ === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; text-align:center; width:100%" ! style="background-color:#787878;color:#FFFFFF;"|ປີ ! style="background-color:#787878;color:#FFFFFF;"|ຜູ້ດຳລົງຕຳແໜ່ງ ! style="background-color:#787878;color:#FFFFFF;"|ແຂວງ ! style="background-color:#787878;color:#FFFFFF;" |ຕຳແໜ່ງ ! style="background-color:#787878;color:#FFFFFF;" |ຕຳແໜ່ງໃນການປະກວດ ! style="background-color:#787878;color:#FFFFFF;" |ລາງວັນພິເສດ |-style="background-color:#FADADD; " |2016 |[[ວະລິສະລາ ຕັ້ງສຸວັນ]] |[[ແຂວງວຽງຈັນ]] |ໄດ້ຮັບການແຕ່ງຕັ້ງ |ບໍ່ໄດ້ເຂົ້າຮອບ | style="background:;" | {{collapsible list| | title = 1 ລາງວັນພິເສດ | titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:center;font-weight:normal;font-size: 105% | * '''ມິສເຟຣນຊິບ (ມິດຕະພາບ)'''}} |} == ມິສທົວລິຊຶມເມໂທຣໂພລິແທນອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ == '''ມິສທົວລິຊຶມເມໂທຣໂພລິແທນອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ (Miss Tourism Metropolitan International)''' ເປັນເວທີປະກວດນາງງາມລະດັບໂລກທີ່ກໍ່ຕັ້ງຂຶ້ນໃນປີ '''2007'''. ກໍ່ຕັ້ງໂດຍ '''ຕັນສີ ດາໂຕ໊ະ ເດັນນີ່ ອຸຍ (Tan Sri Datuk Danny Ooi)''' ປະທານອົງກອນ '''D’Touch International''' (ປະເທດມາເລເຊຍ) ເຊິ່ງເປັນຜູ້ບໍລິຫານເວທີ ''ມິສທົວລິຊຶມອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ'' ແລະ ''ມິສໄຊນີສເວີນ'' ນຳດ້ວຍ. ການປະກວດນີ້ຈັດຂຶ້ນໂດຍມຸ່ງເນັ້ນໃສ່ '''"ການທ່ອງທ່ຽວເມືອງຫຼວງ ແລະ ເມືອງໃຫຍ່ (Metropolitan Tourism)"''' ເພື່ອສົ່ງເສີມຄວາມຮັ່ງມີທາງວັດທະນະທຳ, ວິຖີຊີວິດທີ່ທັນສະໄໝ ແລະ ສັກກະຍາພາບດ້ານການທ່ອງທ່ຽວຂອງເມືອງໃຫຍ່ຕ່າງໆ ທົ່ວໂລກ. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 80%; text-align:center;" | ! rowspan="2" |ຄັ້ງທີ ! rowspan="2" |ປີ ! rowspan="2" width="600" |ຜູ້ຊະນະ ! colspan="4" |ຮອງຊະນະເລີດ ! rowspan="2" |ສະຖານທີ່ ! rowspan="2" |ວັນທີ ! rowspan="2" |ຜູ້ເຂົ້າແຂ່ງຂັນ |- ! width="600" |ຮອງອັນດັບ 1 ! width="600" |ຮອງອັນດັບ 2 ! width="600" |ຮອງອັນດັບ 3 ! width="600" |ຮອງອັນດັບ 4 |- |1 |2007 |ໂຊຣິນາ ເນອັສຄູ<br>{{flag|ລູມານີ}} |ຄາເຣນ ບີຣ໌ຄິເນຍ ບລັງໂກ ຄາມາຣ໌ໂກ<br>{{flag|ເວເນຊຸເອລາ}} |ເອສຊີ ເປີຍສຕີ<br>{{flag|ແຟງລັງ}} |ວັດຊຣາວັນ ສຸນທຣິນທຸ<br>{{flag|ໄທ}} |ອານນາ ມາຣີ ໂມເລໂລສ<br>{{flag|ຟີລິບປິນ}} |ກົວລາລຳເປີ, [[ປະເທດມາເລເຊຍ|ມາເລເຊຍ]] |31 ທັນວາ |40 |- |2 |2016 |ອາມັນດາ ອອບດັມ<ref>{{Cite web |last=Webdunia |title=Thai pageant Amanda Obdam is an angelic oriental beauty (Pics) |url=https://english.webdunia.com/article/international-news/amanda-obdam-crowned-miss-universe-thailand-2020-120112100014_1.html |access-date=2022-11-17 |website=Webdunia |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-11-18 |title=PH's Janela Joy Cuaton wins 1st runner-up in Miss Tourism Metropolitan International 2016 |url=https://www.rappler.com/life-and-style/152897-janela-joy-cuaton-first-runner-up-miss-tourism-metropolitan-international-2016/ |access-date=2022-11-17 |website=RAPPLER |language=en-US}}</ref><br>{{flag|ໄທ}} |ຈາເນລາ ຈອຍ ຄົວຕອນ<br>{{flag|ຟີລິບປິນ}} |ມານີຕາ ແຮງ<br>{{flag|ກຳປູເຈຍ}} |ຣາເກລ ມາເຣຍ ເກວາຣາ<br>{{flag|ຄອສຕາລີກາ}} |ຈ່າ ຈື້ຈຸນ<br>{{flag|ຈີນ}} | rowspan="2" |[[ພະນົມເປັນ]], [[ປະເທດກຳປູເຈຍ|ກຳປູເຈຍ]] |18 ພະຈິກ |41 |- |3 |2019 |ລໍຣາເນ ມອນເຕໂຣ<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-15 |title=Miss Brazil takes home Miss Tourism Metropolitan International 2019 crown - Khmer Times |url=https://www.khmertimeskh.com/670257/miss-brazil-takes-home-miss-tourism-metropolitan-international-2019-crown/ |access-date=2022-11-17 |language=en-US}}</ref><br>{{flag|ບຣາຊິລ}} |ຕຽງ ລີ ຊານ<br>{{flag|ມາເລເຊຍ}} |ສະເຕຟານີ ອັລເມດາ<br>{{flag|ສະຫະລັດອາເມລິກາ}} |ອານາ ມາເຣຍ<br>{{flag|ປອກຕຸຍການ}} |ວາເລຣີຢາ ເອນຟິໂມວາ<br>{{flag|ລັດເຊຍ}} |14 ທັນວາ |30 |} ==== ຄັງຮູບພາບຜູ້ຊະນະ ==== <gallery class="center"> File:Amanda Obdam 2020.png|'''ມິສທົວລິຊຶມເມໂທຣໂພລິແທນອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ 2016/2017'''<br />ອາມັນດາ ອອບດັມ<br />ໄທ </gallery> === ຕົວແທນປະເທດລາວ === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; text-align:center; width:100%" ! style="background-color:#787878;color:#FFFFFF;"|ປີ ! style="background-color:#787878;color:#FFFFFF;"|ຜູ້ດຳລົງຕຳແໜ່ງ ! style="background-color:#787878;color:#FFFFFF;"|ແຂວງ ! style="background-color:#787878;color:#FFFFFF;" |ຕຳແໜ່ງ ! style="background-color:#787878;color:#FFFFFF;" |ຕຳແໜ່ງໃນການປະກວດ ! style="background-color:#787878;color:#FFFFFF;" |ລາງວັນພິເສດ |- |2019 |ພາວິນາ ຍົງວົງສິດທິ |[[ແຂວງວຽງຈັນ]] |ໄດ້ຮັບການແຕ່ງຕັ້ງ |ບໍ່ຜ່ານເຂົ້າຮອບ | |} == ມິສເຊົາອີສເອເຊຍທົວລິຊຶມແອມບາດຊາເດີຣ໌ == ຕຳແໜ່ງ '''ມິສເຊົາອີສເອເຊຍທົວລິຊຶມແອມບາດຊາເດີຣ໌ (Miss South East Asia Tourism Ambassadress)''' ຫຼື '''ມິສເຊົາອີສເອເຊຍ (Miss South East Asia)''' ເປັນເວທີປະກວດນາງງາມລະດັບພູມິພາກ ແລະ ຕຳແໜ່ງກຽດຕິຍົດທີ່ກໍ່ຕັ້ງຂຶ້ນໃນປີ 1992 ໂດຍ ຕັນສີ ດາໂຕ໊ະ ເດັນນີ່ ອຸຍ (Tan Sri Datuk Danny Ooi) ປະທານອົງກອນ D’Touch International ໃນປະເທດມາເລເຊຍ. ການປະກວດນີ້ຈັດຂຶ້ນໂດຍມີພັນທະກິດສະເພາະໃນການສົ່ງເສີມຄວາມຮ່ວມມືໃນພູມິພາກ ແລະ ສົ່ງເສີມການທ່ອງທ່ຽວລະຫວ່າງປະເທດສະມາຊິກອາຊຽນ (Association of Southeast Asian Nations). {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 80%; text-align:center;" | ! rowspan="2" |ຄັ້ງທີ ! rowspan="2" |ປີ ! rowspan="2" width="600" |ຜູ້ຊະນະ ! colspan="4" |ຮອງຊະນະເລີດ ! rowspan="2" |ສະຖານທີ່ ! rowspan="2" |ວັນທີ ! rowspan="2" |ຜູ້ເຂົ້າແຂ່ງຂັນ |- ! width="600" |ຮອງອັນດັບ 1 ! width="600" |ຮອງອັນດັບ 2 ! width="600" |ຮອງອັນດັບ 3 ! width="600" |ຮອງອັນດັບ 4 |- | colspan="10" {{n/a|ມິສເຊົາອີສເອເຊຍ}} |- |1 |1992 |ອາເມເລຍ ຈອຍ ເດ ລາ ຄຣູຊ<br>{{flag|ຟີລິບປິນ}} |ເພັນນີ່ ຊູນ<br>{{flag|ມາເລເຊຍ}} |ຊາມານທາ ຊູເບີຣ໌ຕ<br>{{flag|ມາເລເຊຍ}} |ວິຟຕຣາ ບູຣ໌ໂກສ<br>{{flag|ຟີລິບປິນ}} |ຊາຣອນ ຕັນ<br>{{flag|ສິງກະໂປ}} |ກົວລາລຳເປີ, [[ປະເທດມາເລເຊຍ|ມາເລເຊຍ]] |29 ກໍລະກົດ |14 |- |2 |1993 |ຊຸຕິມາ ນິຣັນສິດທິຣັດ<br>{{THA}} |ຣາເຊລ ເອັນຈີ<br>{{flag|ມາເລເຊຍ}} |ວິຟຕຣາ ບູຣ໌ໂກສ<br>{{flag|ຟີລິບປິນ}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |[[ປະເທດສິງກະໂປ|ສິງກະໂປ]] |26 ມີຖຸນາ |16 |- | colspan="10" {{n/a|ມິສເຊົາອີສເອເຊຍທົວລິຊຶມແອມບາດຊາເດີຣ໌}} |- |3 |2015 |ຍາດາ ເທບພະນົມ<br>{{THA}} |ອາເລັກຊານດຣາ ເມ ໂຣຊາເລສ<br>{{flag|ຟີລິບປິນ}} |ຟາເລນຕີນາ ຄອດຕອນ<br>{{flag|ອິນໂດເນເຊຍ}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |ເປຕາລິງຈາຢາ, [[ປະເທດມາເລເຊຍ|ມາເລເຊຍ]] |2 ຕຸລາ |16 |} ==== ຄັງຮູບພາບຜູ້ຊະນະ ==== <gallery class="center"> File:Yada Theppanom.png|'''ມິສເຊົາອີສເອເຊຍທົວລິຊຶມແອມບາດຊາເດີຣ໌ 2015/2016'''<br />ຍາດາ ເທບພະນົມ<br />ໄທ </gallery> === ຕົວແທນປະເທດລາວ === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; text-align:center; width:100%" ! style="background-color:#787878;color:#FFFFFF;"|ປີ ! style="background-color:#787878;color:#FFFFFF;"|ຜູ້ດຳລົງຕຳແໜ່ງ ! style="background-color:#787878;color:#FFFFFF;"|ແຂວງ ! style="background-color:#787878;color:#FFFFFF;" |ຕຳແໜ່ງ ! style="background-color:#787878;color:#FFFFFF;" |ຕຳແໜ່ງໃນການປະກວດ ! style="background-color:#787878;color:#FFFFFF;" |ລາງວັນພິເສດ |- style="background-color:#FFFACD" | rowspan="2" |2015 |ສັນທະນີ ສາຍມະນີວອນ |[[ແຂວງວຽງຈັນ]] |ໄດ້ຮັບການແຕ່ງຕັ້ງ |'''ເຂົ້າຮອບ 7 ຄົນສຸດທ້າຍ''' | style="background:;" | {{collapsible list| | title = 1 ລາງວັນພິເສດ | titlestyle = background:transparent;text-align:center;font-weight:normal;font-size: 105% | * 7 ຄົນສຸດທ້າຍ - ຄວາມສາມາດພິເສດ (ເບສອິນທາເລນ)}} |- |ສຸດາພອນ ສີໄກພັກ |[[ແຂວງວຽງຈັນ]] |ໄດ້ຮັບການແຕ່ງຕັ້ງ |ບໍ່ຜ່ານເຂົ້າຮອບ | |} == ມິສໄຊນີດເວີຣ໌ລ == {{Infobox pageant | name = ມິສໄຊນີດເວີຣ໌ລ | type = | logo = | website = {{URL|https://www.misschineseworld.tv/|ເວັບໄຊຢ່າງເປັນທາງການ}} | founding_location = | headquarters = ກົວລາລຳເປີ, [[ປະເທດມາເລເຊຍ|ມາເລເຊຍ]] | first = 2005 | recent = | current_titleholder = | titleholder_represents = | key_people = | organization = Miss Chinese World Sdn Bhd. | language = [[ພາສາຈີນ|ຈີນ]], [[ພາສາອັງກິດ|ອັງກິດ]] | leader_title = ປະທານ | leader_name = ຕັນສີ ດາໂຕ໊ະ ເດັນນີ່ ອຸຍ (Tan Sri Datuk Danny Ooi) }}'''ມິສໄຊນີດເວີຣ໌ລ''' ({{lang-zh|世界华人美后}}), ຫຼື '''MCW''' (Miss Chinese World) ເປັນເວທີ [[ການປະກວດນາງງາມ]] ລະດັບສາກົນປະຈຳປີທີ່ຈັດຂຶ້ນເພື່ອສະເລີມສະຫຼອງວັດທະນະທຳ, ມໍລະດົກ ແລະ ຄຸນຄ່າຂອງເຊື້ອສາຍຈີນ. ກໍ່ຕັ້ງຂຶ້ນໃນປີ 2005 ໂດຍ ຕັນສີ ດາໂຕ໊ະ ເດັນນີ່ ອຸຍ (Tan Sri Datuk Danny Ooi) ນັກຈັດການປະກວດນາງງາມຊື່ດັງชาวມາເລເຊຍ ແລະ ປະທານອົງກອນ D’Touch International (ເຊິ່ງເປັນອົງກອນດຽວກັນທີ່ຢູ່ເບື້ອງຫຼັງເວທີ ມິສທົວລິຊຶມອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ). ແຕກຕ່າງຈາກເວທີປະກວດລະດັບໂລກອື່ນໆ ທີ່ມຸ່ງເນັ້ນໃສ່ສັນຊາດເປັນຫຼັກ ເພາະການປະກວດນີ້ຈັດຂຶ້ນສະເພາະສຳລັບແມ່ຍິງທີ່ມີເຊື້ອສາຍຈີນຈາກທົ່ວໂລກ ໂດຍບໍ່ເກີ່ຍວກັບປະເທດທີ່ພວກເຂົາອາໄສຢູ່ໃນປະຈຸບັນ. === ຜູ້ດຳລົງຕຳແໜ່ງ === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 80%; text-align:center;" | ! rowspan="2" |ຄັ້ງທີ ! rowspan="2" |ປີ ! rowspan="2" width="600" |ຜູ້ຊະນະ ! colspan="2" |ຮອງຊະນະເລີດ ! rowspan="2" |ສະຖານທີ່ ! rowspan="2" |ວັນທີ ! rowspan="2" |ຜູ້ເຂົ້າແຂ່ງຂັນ |- ! width="600" |ຮອງອັນດັບ 1 ! width="600" |ຮອງອັນດັບ 2 |- |1 |2005 |ສຸນິສາ ຜາສຸກ<br>[[ບາງກອກ|ກຸງເທບມະຫານະຄອນ]], {{flag|ໄທ}} |ຫຼີ ເຢັນ ຈິນ<br>ໄຖຈຸງ, {{flag|ໄຕ້ຫວັນ}} |ເຊິນ ຊວຍ<br>ຫາງໂຈວ, {{flag|ຈີນ}} | rowspan="3" |ກົວລາລຳເປີ, [[ປະເທດມາເລເຊຍ|ມາເລເຊຍ]] |11 ກໍລະກົດ |30 |- |2 |2011 |ສື ເຫວິນ ຊີ<br>ຈີຫນານ, {{flag|ຈີນ}} |ຫຼີ ຈູ້ ຈຸນ<br>ເພີດທ໌, {{flag|ອົດສະຕະຣາລີ}} |ເຈສຊິກາ ຢາງ ເຫວ່ຍ-ຜິງ<br>ແວນຄູເວີ, {{flag|ແຄນນາດາ}} |10 ກັນຍາ |35 |- |3 |2017 |ອິນ ຈົວ ທຸນ<br>ຊ່າງໄຮ້, {{flag|ຈີນ}} |ຈາງ ຢູ ຈິນ<br>[[ໄທເປ|ໄທເປ]], {{flag|ໄຕ້ຫວັນ}} |ໄຕ້ ທຽນ<br>ຊິງເຕົ້າ, {{flag|ຈີນ}} |20 ພຶດສະພາ |31 |- |4 |2021 |ເກົາ ມ່ານ ຫຣຸ້ງ<br>[[ໄທເປ|ໄທເປ]], {{flag|ໄຕ້ຫວັນ}} |ອ່ານ ລີ ອິງ<br>ໂຈໂຮຣ໌, {{flag|ມາເລເຊຍ}} |ອັລໂດຣາ ເຮລຊາ ເກີເວນ<br>ປອນຕຽນັກ, {{flag|ອິນໂດເນເຊຍ}} |ປະກວດຮູບແບບອອນໄລນ໌ |18 ສິງຫາ |24 |- |5 |2023 |ອານີ ອູຊອນ<br>[[ມະນີລາ]], {{flag|ຟີລິບປິນ}} |ໂຈນ ແອນເຈລີນາ<br>ຕັງເກີຣັງ, {{flag|ອິນໂດເນເຊຍ}} |ຢ່ອງ ເຈຍ ອີ<br>ມະລາກາ, {{flag|ມາເລເຊຍ}} | rowspan="2" |ກົວລາລຳເປີ, [[ປະເທດມາເລເຊຍ|ມາເລເຊຍ]] |20 ພຶດສະພາ |17 |- |6 |2026 |ຊູລີມີເຣີ ຖູເອີຣ໌ຊຸນ<br>[[ຊິນຈຽງ]], {{flag|ຈີນ}} |ພັດຊຣາມົນ ເທພຣັກສາ<br>ນົນທະບູຣີ, {{flag|ໄທ}} |ເບີຣ໌ນິສ ຢວນ<br>ຮ່ອງກົງ, {{flag|ຈີນ}} |30 ພຶດສະພາ |18 |} === ຕົວແທນປະເທດລາວ === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; text-align:center; width:100%" ! style="background-color:#787878;color:#FFFFFF;"|ປີ ! style="background-color:#787878;color:#FFFFFF;"|ຜູ້ດຳລົງຕຳແໜ່ງ ! style="background-color:#787878;color:#FFFFFF;"|ແຂວງ ! style="background-color:#787878;color:#FFFFFF;" |ຕຳແໜ່ງ ! style="background-color:#787878;color:#FFFFFF;" |ຕຳແໜ່ງໃນການປະກວດ ! style="background-color:#787878;color:#FFFFFF;" |ລາງວັນພິເສດ |- | rowspan="3" |2021 |ແກ້ວສຳພັນ ດາວພະຫັດ |[[ແຂວງຫຼວງນໍ້າທາ|ແຂວງຫຼວງນ້ຳທາ]] |ໄດ້ຮັບການແຕ່ງຕັ້ງ |ບໍ່ຜ່ານເຂົ້າຮອບ | |- style="background-color:#FFFF33" |ຟ້າໃສ ດວງປັນຍາ |[[ແຂວງຫຼວງພະບາງ]] |ໄດ້ຮັບການແຕ່ງຕັ້ງ |'''ເຂົ້າຮອບ''' '''5 ຄົນສຸດທ້າຍ''' | |- |ຂັນຜາສິດ ໄຂພົມ |[[ແຂວງວຽງຈັນ]] |ໄດ້ຮັບການແຕ່ງຕັ້ງ |ບໍ່ຜ່ານເຂົ້າຮອບ | |- |2017 |[[ວະລິສະລາ ຕັ້ງສຸວັນ]] |[[ແຂວງວຽງຈັນ]] |ໄດ້ຮັບການແຕ່ງຕັ້ງ |ບໍ່ຜ່ານເຂົ້າຮອບ | |} == ເພີ່ມເຕີມ == * [[ລາຍະການປະກວດຄວາມງາມ]] == ອ້າງອີງ == ==ແຫຼ່ງຂໍ້ມູນອື່ນ== <noinclude> [[ໝວດ:ແມ່ແບບການປະກວດນາງງາມ]] [[ໝວດ:ການປະກວດນາງງາມ]] </noinclude> ifncm7iufrlj45hfftudi8ssy0somcx 0 17129 129792 129791 2026-08-08T14:48:48Z Tiamichaelnuksu1994 11235 vandalism 129792 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Squid Game logo (Korean).png|thumb|250px|ໂລໂກ້ຊຸດເກົາຫຼີ]] '''ສະຄວິດເກມ ຫຼິ້ນລຸ້ນຕາຍ''' ({{Lang ko|오징어게임}}, {{Lang-en|Squid Game}}) ແມ່ນລະຄອນໂທລະພາບປະເທດເກົາຫຼີໃຕ້ແນວເອົາຊີວິດລອດ ຂຽນແລະກຳກັບໂດຍ ຮວັງ ດົງຮຍັອກ ມີ 9 ຕອນ ນຳສະແດງໂດຍ ອີ ຊຸງແຈ, ພັກ ແຮຊູ ແລະ ວີ ຮາຈຸນ ເລົ່າເລື່ອງລາວຂອງກຸ່ມຄົນທີ່ສ່ຽງຊີວິດໃນການເອົາຊີວິດຮອດຢ່າລຶກລັບຜ່ານການຫຼິ້ນເກມທີ່ມີເງິນລາງວັນ 45.6 ຕື້ວອນ (38.7 ລ້ານໂດລາສະຫະລັດ)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hancinema.net /korean_drama_Squid_Game.php|title=Squid Game - (ละครเกาหลี, 2020, 오징어게임)|website=[[HanCinema]]|access-date=12 สิงหาคม 2021|archive-date=11 สิงหาคม 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811183251/https://www.hancinema.net/korean_drama_Squid_Game.php|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hancinema.net/korean_drama_Squid_Game.php|url-status=bot: unknown|title=Archive copy|access-date=2021-09-29|archive-date=2021-08-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811183251/https://www.hancinema.net/korean_drama_Squid_Game.php}}</ref><ref>{{อ้างอิงเว็บ|url=https ://news.abs-cbn.com/entertainment/09/15/21/kiddie-games-turn-deadly-in-korean-series-squid-game|title=ซีรีส์เกาหลี 'Squid Game' พลิกโฉมวงการเด็ก เกมส์|website=ABS-CBN News|access-date=15 กันยายน 2021|archive-date=15 กันยายน 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915130336/https://news .abs-cbn.com/entertainment/09/15/21/kiddie-ga mes-turn-deadly-in-korean-series-squid-game|url-status=live}}</ref> ວາງຈຳໜ່າຍທົ່ວໂລກເມື່ອວັນທີ່ 17 ກັນຍາ 2021 ໂດຍເນັດຟລິກ == ນັກສະແດງ == === ຜູ້ຫຼິ້ນ === ==== ຕົວລະຄອນຫຼັກ ==== * ອີ ຈອງແຈ - ຊອງ ກີຮຸນ (ຜູ້ຫຼິ້ນໝາຍເລກ 456) * ພັກ ແຮຊູ - ໂຈ ຊັງອູ (ຜູ້ຫຼິ້ນໝາຍເລກ 218) * ໂອ ຍອງຊູ - ໂອ ອິລນຳ (ຜູ້ຫຼິ້ນໝາຍເລກ 001) * ຈອງ ໂຮຍັອນ - ຄັງ ແຊ-ບຍັອກ (ຜູ້ຫຼິ້ນໝາຍເລກ 067) * ຮໍ ຊອງແທ - ຈັງ ດັອກຊູ (ຜູ້ຫຼິ້ນໝາຍເລກ 101) * ອະນຸພາມ ທຣີພາທີ - ອັບດຸນ ອາລີ (ຜູ້ຫຼິ້ນໝາຍເລກ 199) * ຄິມ ຈູ-ຣຍັອງ - ຮັນ ມີຍໍ (ຜູ້ຫຼິ້ນໝາຍເລກ 212) ==== ຕົວລະຄອນສະໜັບສະໜູນ ==== * ຍູ ຊັອງຈູ - ພຍອງກີ (ຜູ້ຫຼິ້ນໝາຍເລກ 111) * ອີ ຍູມີ - ຈີຍອງ (ຜູ້ຫຼິ້ນໝາຍເລກ 240) * ຄິມ ຊີຮຍອນ - ຜູ້ຫຼິ້ນໝາຍເລກ 244 === ເຈົ້າໜ້າທີ່ເກມ === * ກົງຍູ - ພະນັກງານທີ່ຮັບສະໝັກຜູ້ລົງ​ທະ​ບຽນຮ່ວມເກມ * ອີ ພຍັອງຮຸນ - The Front Man === ພົນລະເຮືອນ === * ວີ ຮາຈຸນ - ຮວາງ ຈຸນໂຮ * ຄິມ ຍອງອົກ - ແມ່ຂອງກີຮຸນ * ໂຈ ອາອິນ - ຊອງ ກາຍອງ (ລູກສາວຂອງກີຮຸນ) * ຄັລ ມາກຶມ - ອະດີດເມຍຂອງກີຮຸນແລະແມ່ຂອງກາຍອງ * ພັກ ຮເຍຈິນ - ແມ່ຂອງຊັງອູ * ພັກ ຊີວັນ - ຄັງຊອລ (ລູກຊາຍຂອງແຊບຍັອກ) == ອ້າງອິງ == <references /> [[ໝວດ:ລະຄອນໂທລະພາບເກົາຫຼີໃຕ້]] puyfrlvzda4zceda43hd5s5iqyxfmx4 0 21098 129805 125460 2026-08-09T00:56:42Z InternetArchiveBot 13695 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 129805 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ຄຸນນະພາບການແປ}}  '''ປ່າດົງດິບເຂດຮ້ອນພາກເຫນືອຂອງອິນດູຈີນ''' ເປັນ ເຂດ ປ່າດົງໃບກວ້າງຂອງເຂດຮ້ອນ ຂອງພາກເຫນືອຂອງ [[ອິນດູຈີນ]], ກວມເອົາບາງສ່ວນຂອງ [[ປະເທດຫວຽດນາມ|ຫວຽດນາມ]], [[ປະເທດລາວ|ລາວ]], [[ປະເທດໄທ|ໄທ]], [[ປະເທດມຽນມາ|ມຽນມາ]], ແລະແຂວງ [[ຢູນນານ|ຢຸນນານ]] ຂອງຈີນ.<ref>[http://www.eoearth.org/topics/view/51cbfc79f702fc2ba8129ee0/ Encyclopedia of earth - Ecoregions]</ref> ປ່າສະຫງວນ ລວມມີ [[Doi Phachang Wildlife Sanctuary|ປ່າສະຫງວນ ດອຍຟາຈາງ]], ປ່າສະຫງວນແຫ່ງຊາດ ກຸກເຟືອງ, ປ່າສະຫງວນແຫ່ງຊາດ ບາວີ, ປ່າສະຫງວນແຫ່ງຊາດ ຮວ່າງລຽນ, ປ່າສະຫງວນແຫ່ງ ຊາດ ຊວນເຊີນ, ປ່າສະຫງວນແຫ່ງ ຊາດ ເບນເອັງ, [[Mae Phang National Park|ປ່າສະຫງວນແຫ່ງຊາດ ເມ່ຟອງ]], ປ່າສະຫງວນແຫ່ງຊາດ ພູຊາ ແລະ [[ປ່າສະຫງວນແຫ່ງຊາດນ້ຳແອດ-ພູເລີຍ|ແຫ່ງຊາດ ນ້ຳແອດ-ພູເລີຍ. ສວນສາທາລະນະ]].<ref name="dopa">[https://dopa-explorer.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ecoregion/40137 Northern Indochina subtropical forests] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213204127/https://dopa-explorer.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ecoregion/40137 |date=2024-12-13 }}. ''DOPA Explorer''. Retrieved 30 May 2023.</ref> == ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ == 1pciweb1v8j3gbbcxxm8ylqzrortb8i 0 21228 129810 128025 2026-08-09T07:04:52Z Amherst99 4764 /* */ 129810 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ຄຸນນະພາບການແປ}}[[ຮູບ:Colo-Colo_v_Palestino_20200128_03.jpg|right|thumb| ຕິດຕາມກວດກາ VAR ຢູ່ Estadio Monumental David Arellano]] [[ຮູບ:VAR_System_Logo.svg|thumb|220x220px| ສັນຍາລັກ VAR ທີ່ໃຊ້ໃນການແຂ່ງຂັນເຕະບານໂລກ 2018 ແລະ [[ບານໂລກ 2022|2022 FIFA World Cup]], ປາກົດຢູ່ໜ້າຈໍໃນລະຫວ່າງການກວດສອບ]] '''ຜູ້ຊ່ວຍຜູ້ຕັດສິນວິດີໂອ''' ຫຼື '''ວີເອອາ''' ([[ພາສາອັງກິດ|ອັງກິດ]]: video assistant referee; '''VAR''') ແມ່ນເຈົ້າຫນ້າທີ່ການແຂ່ງຂັນໃນ[[ເຕະບານ]] ທີ່ຊ່ວຍຜູ້ຕັດສິນໂດຍການທົບທວນຄືນການຕັດສິນໃຈໂດຍໃຊ້ວິດີໂອແລະໃຫ້ຄໍາແນະນໍາກັບຜູ້ຕັດສິນໂດຍອີງໃສ່ການທົບທວນຄືນເຫຼົ່ານັ້ນ. brmbvgmvbh7b76wltwe827492mfjdwm 0 22044 129803 129730 2026-08-08T15:54:25Z RenWikiLA 20337 129803 wikitext text/x-wiki {{AI-generated|certain=yes}} '''ປັນຍາປະດິດ''' ({{lang-en|Artificial Intelligence}} ຫຍໍ້ວ່າ '''AI''') ແມ່ນຄວາມສະຫຼາດທີ່ສະແດງອອກໂດຍເຄື່ອງຈັກ ຫຼື ລະບົບຄອມພິວເຕີ, ເຊິ່ງແຕກຕ່າງຈາກຄວາມສະຫຼາດທາງທຳມະຊາດ (Natural Intelligence) ທີ່ສະແດງອອກໂດຍມະນຸດ ແລະ ສັດ. ປັນຍາປະດິດແມ່ນຂະແໜງການໜຶ່ງຂອງ[[ວິທະຍາສາດຄອມພິວເຕີ|ວິທະຍາການຄອມພິວເຕີ]] ທີ່ເນັ້ນໜັກໃນການສ້າງລະບົບທີ່ສາມາດປະຕິບັດໜ້າທີ່ທີ່ໂດຍປົກກະຕິແລ້ວຕ້ອງອາໄສສະຕິປັນຍາຂອງມະນຸດ ເຊັ່ນ: ການຮັບຮູ້ທາງສາຍຕາ, ການຮັບຮູ້ສຽງເວົ້າ, ການຕັດສິນໃຈ, ການແປພາສາ ແລະ ການຮຽນຮູ້ຈາກປະສົບການ.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Russell |first1=Stuart J. |last2=Norvig |first2=Peter |title=Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach |date=2021 |publisher=Pearson |edition=4th |isbn=978-0134610993}}</ref> ປະຈຸບັນ, ປັນຍາປະດິດໄດ້ກາຍເປັນພາກສ່ວນສຳຄັນຂອງອຸດສາຫະກຳເຕັກໂນໂລຊີ ແລະ ຖືກນຳໃຊ້ເພື່ອແກ້ໄຂບັນຫາທີ່ຊັບຊ້ອນໃນຫຼາຍຂົງເຂດ, ຕັ້ງແຕ່ທາງການແພດ, ການເງິນ, ຈົນເຖິງການຂົນສົ່ງ ແລະ ການສຶກສາ. == ປະຫວັດຄວາມເປັນມາ == ແນວຄວາມຄິດກ່ຽວກັບ "ເຄື່ອງຈັກທີ່ສາມາດຄິດໄດ້" ເລີ່ມຕົ້ນຂຶ້ນຕັ້ງແຕ່ສະໄໝບູຮານຜ່ານຕຳນານ ແລະ ນິຍາຍ, ແຕ່ການຄົ້ນຄວ້າປັນຍາປະດິດໃນຍຸກສະໄໝໃໝ່ແມ່ນເລີ່ມຕົ້ນຂຶ້ນໃນຊ່ວງກາງສະຕະວັດທີ 20. ໃນປີ ຄ.ສ 1950, ນັກຄະນິດສາດ [[ອາລັນ ທົວຣິງ]] (Alan Turing) ໄດ້ຕີພິມບົດຄວາມຊື່ວ່າ "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" ເຊິ່ງເພິ່ນໄດ້ສະເໜີ "ການທົດສອບທົວຣິງ" (Turing Test) ເພື່ອເປັນມາດຕະຖານໃນການວັດແທກວ່າເຄື່ອງຈັກມີຄວາມສາມາດໃນການຄິດທຽບເທົ່າມະນຸດ ຫຼື ບໍ່.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Turing |first=Alan M. |date=1950 |title=Computing Machinery and Intelligence |journal=Mind |volume=59 |issue=236 |pages=433–460 |doi=10.1093/mind/LIX.236.433}}</ref> ຄຳວ່າ "ປັນຍາປະດິດ" (Artificial Intelligence) ຖືກບັນຍັດຂຶ້ນຢ່າງເປັນທາງການໃນປີ 1956 ໂດຍ [[ຈອນ ແມັກຄາຣ໌ທີ]] (John McCarthy) ໃນກອງປະຊຸມທີ່ວິທະຍາໄລ Dartmouth (Dartmouth Workshop) ເຊິ່ງຖືກຍົກຍ້ອງວ່າເປັນຈຸດກຳເນີດຂອງຂະແໜງການ AI ຢ່າງແທ້ຈິງ. ກອງປະຊຸມຄັ້ງນີ້ໄດ້ລວບລວມເອົານັກວິທະຍາສາດຊັ້ນນຳເຊັ່ນ: Marvin Minsky, Allen Newell ແລະ Herbert A. Simon.<ref>{{cite web |last1=McCarthy |first1=John |last2=Minsky |first2=Marvin |last3=Rochester |first3=Nathaniel |last4=Shannon |first4=Claude |title=A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence |url=http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/history/dartmouth/dartmouth.html |date=August 31, 1955}}</ref> ຫຼັງຈາກຍຸກເລີ່ມຕົ້ນ, ການຄົ້ນຄວ້າ AI ໄດ້ປະເຊີນກັບຊ່ວງເວລາທີ່ເອີ້ນວ່າ "ລະດູໜາວຂອງ AI" (AI Winter) ໃນຊຸມປີ 1970 ແລະ 1980 ເຊິ່ງເປັນຊ່ວງທີ່ເງິນທຶນ ແລະ ຄວາມສົນໃຈຫຼຸດລົງເນື່ອງຈາກເຕັກໂນໂລຊີຍັງບໍ່ສາມາດຕອບສະໜອງຄວາມຄາດຫວັງໄດ້. ແນວໃດກໍຕາມ, ໃນຊຸມປີ 2010 ເປັນຕົ້ນມາ, AI ໄດ້ກັບມາເຕີບໂຕຢ່າງກ້າວກະໂດດ ຍ້ອນການພັດທະນາຂອງ [[Deep Learning]], ປະລິມານຂໍ້ມູນມະຫາສານ (Big Data), ແລະ ໜ່ວຍປະມວນຜົນກຣາບຟິກ (GPU) ທີ່ມີປະສິດທິພາບສູງຂຶ້ນ.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=LeCun |first1=Yann |last2=Bengio |first2=Yoshua |last3=Hinton |first3=Geoffrey |date=2015 |title=Deep learning |journal=Nature |volume=521 |issue=7553 |pages=436–444 |doi=10.1038/nature14539}}</ref> == ປະເພດຂອງປັນຍາປະດິດ == ນັກຄົ້ນຄວ້າໄດ້ແບ່ງປັນຍາປະດິດອອກເປັນ 3 ລະດັບຫຼັກ ຕາມຄວາມສາມາດຄື:<ref>{{cite book |last=Bostrom |first=Nick |title=Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies |year=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0199678112}}</ref> # '''ປັນຍາປະດິດສະເພາະທາງ (Artificial Narrow Intelligence - ANI):''' ຫຼື ເອີ້ນວ່າ Weak AI, ແມ່ນ AI ທີ່ຖືກອອກແບບມາເພື່ອເຮັດວຽກສະເພາະຢ່າງດຽວ ເຊັ່ນ: ການຫຼິ້ນໝາກຣຸກ, ການແນະນຳໜັງໃນ Netflix ຫຼື ລະບົບຜູ້ຊ່ວຍສຽງ (Siri, Alexa). AI ທັງໝົດທີ່ມີຢູ່ໃນປະຈຸບັນແມ່ນຢູ່ໃນລະດັບນີ້. # '''ປັນຍາປະດິດທົ່ວໄປ (Artificial General Intelligence - AGI):''' ຫຼື Strong AI, ແມ່ນ AI ທີ່ມີຄວາມສະຫຼາດ ແລະ ຄວາມສາມາດໃນການຮຽນຮູ້, ເຂົ້າໃຈ ແລະ ນຳໃຊ້ຄວາມຮູ້ໃນຫຼາຍໆດ້ານທຽບເທົ່າກັບມະນຸດ. ປະຈຸບັນນີ້ AGI ຍັງເປັນພຽງທິດສະດີ ແລະ ຍັງບໍ່ມີການສ້າງສຳເລັດ. # '''ປັນຍາປະດິດອັດສະລິຍະ (Artificial Superintelligence - ASI):''' ແມ່ນລະດັບທີ່ AI ມີຄວາມສະຫຼາດລື່ນກາຍມັນສະໝອງທີ່ດີທີ່ສຸດຂອງມະນຸດໃນທຸກໆດ້ານ ບໍ່ວ່າຈະເປັນຄວາມຄິດສ້າງສັນ, ປັນຍາທາງສັງຄົມ ແລະ ວິທະຍາສາດ. == ຂະແໜງການຍ່ອຍ (Sub-fields) == ຂະແໜງການ AI ປະກອບມີຫຼາຍເຕັກນິກ ແລະ ວິທີການສຶກສາທີ່ສຳຄັນ ເຊັ່ນ: * '''ການຮຽນຮູ້ຂອງເຄື່ອງຈັກ ([[Machine Learning]] - ML):''' ເປັນເຕັກນິກທີ່ເຮັດໃຫ້ຄອມພິວເຕີສາມາດຮຽນຮູ້ຈາກຂໍ້ມູນໄດ້ເອງໂດຍບໍ່ຕ້ອງຂຽນໂປຣແກຣມຄຳສັ່ງທຸກຂັ້ນຕອນ. ລະບົບຈະສ້າງໂມເດລທາງສະຖິຕິເພື່ອຄາດເດົາ ຫຼື ຕັດສິນໃຈ.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Goodfellow |first1=Ian |last2=Bengio |first2=Yoshua |last3=Courville |first3=Aaron |title=Deep Learning |year=2016 |publisher=MIT Press |isbn=978-0262035613}}</ref> * '''ໂຄງຂ່າຍປະສາດທຽມແບບເລິກ (Deep Learning):''' ແມ່ນເຄືອຂ່າຍປະສາດທຽມ (Neural Networks) ທີ່ມີຫຼາຍຊັ້ນ (Layers) ເຊິ່ງສາມາດປະມວນຜົນຂໍ້ມູນທີ່ຊັບຊ້ອນໄດ້ດີเยี่ยม ເຊັ່ນ: ການຈຳແນກຮູບພາບ ແລະ ການແປພາສາ. * '''ການປະມວນຜົນພາສາທຳມະຊາດ (Natural Language Processing - NLP):''' ການສຶກສາທີ່ເນັ້ນໃຫ້ຄອມພິວເຕີເຂົ້າໃຈ, ຕີຄວາມ ແລະ ສ້າງພາສາຂອງມະນຸດ. ຕົວຢ່າງທີ່ຊັດເຈນໃນປະຈຸບັນແມ່ນ ໂມເດລພາສາຂະໜາດໃຫຍ່ (Large Language Models) ເຊັ່ນ [[ChatGPT]] ທີ່ໃຊ້ສະຖາປັດຕະຍະກຳ Transformer.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Vaswani |first1=Ashish |last2=Shazeer |first2=Noam |last3=Parmar |first3=Niki |last4=Uszkoreit |first4=Jakob |last5=Jones |first5=Llion |last6=Gomez |first6=Aidan N. |last7=Kaiser |first7=Łukasz |last8=Polosukhin |first8=Illia |date=2017 |title=Attention Is All You Need |journal=Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems |volume=30}}</ref> * '''ວິໄສທັດຄອມພິວເຕີ (Computer Vision):''' ເຮັດໃຫ້ເຄື່ອງຈັກສາມາດເຂົ້າໃຈ ແລະ ວິເຄາະຂໍ້ມູນຈາກຮູບພາບ ຫຼື ວິດີໂອ ເຊັ່ນ: ລະບົບສະແກນໃບໜ້າ. * '''ວິທະຍາການຫຸ່ນຍົນ ([[Robotics]]):''' ການລວມເອົາ AI ເຂົ້າໃນຮາດແວ ເພື່ອສ້າງຫຸ່ນຍົນທີ່ສາມາດເຄື່ອນໄຫວ ແລະ ຕອບສະໜອງຕໍ່ສະພາບແວດລ້ອມຕົວຈິງ. == ການປະຍຸກໃຊ້ງານ == ປັນຍາປະດິດມີບົດບາດສຳຄັນໃນຫຼາຍພາກສ່ວນຂອງສັງຄົມຍຸກໃໝ່: * '''ທາງການແພດ:''' AI ຖືກໃຊ້ໃນການວິເຄາະຮູບພາບ X-ray ຫຼື MRI ເພື່ອກວດຫາພະຍາດມະເຮັງ, ການຄົ້ນຄິດຢາໃໝ່ໆ ແລະ ການປິ່ນປົວແບບສະເພາະບຸກຄົນ (Personalized Medicine).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Topol |first1=Eric J. |title=High-performance medicine: the convergence of human and artificial intelligence |journal=Nature Medicine |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=44–56 |year=2019 |doi=10.1038/s41591-018-0300-7}}</ref> * '''ຍານຍົນອັດຕະໂນມັດ:''' ບໍລິສັດເຊັ່ນ Tesla ແລະ Waymo ໃຊ້ວິໄສທັດຄອມພິວເຕີ ແລະ Deep Learning ເພື່ອພັດທະນາລົດທີ່ສາມາດຂັບເຄື່ອນໄດ້ດ້ວຍຕົນເອງ. * '''ການເງິນ:''' ໃຊ້ລະບົບ Algorithm ໃນການກວດຈັບການສໍ້ໂກງບັດເຄຣດິດ (Fraud detection), ການອະນຸມັດສິນເຊື່ອ, ແລະ ການຊື້ຂາຍຮຸ້ນອັດຕະໂນມັດ (Algorithmic trading). * '''ການບັນເທີງ ແລະ ສິລະປະ:''' Generative AI ເຊັ່ນ Midjourney, DALL-E ແລະ ລະບົບສ້າງເພງ ສາມາດສ້າງຜົນງານສິລະປະ, ຮູບພາບ ແລະ ສຽງ ຈາກຄຳສັ່ງຂໍ້ຄວາມ (Text prompts) ໄດ້ຢ່າງສະຫຼາດ. == ຈັນຍາບັນ ແລະ ຄວາມສ່ຽງ == ການເຕີບໂຕຢ່າງໄວວາຂອງ AI ໄດ້ສ້າງຄວາມກັງວົນໃນຫຼາຍມິຕິ: * '''ຄວາມລຳອຽງ ແລະ ຄວາມຍຸຕິທຳ (Bias and Fairness):''' ຫາກຂໍ້ມູນທີ່ໃຊ້ສອນ AI ມີຄວາມລຳອຽງ, ຜົນລັບທີ່ອອກມາກໍຈະມີການຈຳແນກ ຫຼື ບໍ່ຍຸຕິທຳ (ເຊັ່ນ: ການຈຳແນກເຊື້ອຊາດໃນລະບົບສະແກນໃບໜ້າ). * '''ການຈ້າງງານ:''' ຄວາມກັງວົນວ່າ AI ແລະ ຫຸ່ນຍົນ ຈະເຂົ້າມາທົດແທນແຮງງານມະນຸດໃນຫຼາຍສາຍອາຊີບ ເຊິ່ງອາດກໍ່ໃຫ້ເກີດບັນຫາວ່າງງານ. * '''ຄວາມປອດໄພ ແລະ ຄວາມເປັນສ່ວນຕົວ:''' ການນຳໃຊ້ AI ໃນການສອດແນມ (Surveillance) ຫຼື ສ້າງຂ່າວປອມແບບແນບນຽນ (Deepfakes). * '''ໄພຂົ່ມຂູ່ລະດັບມວນມະນຸດ (Existential Risk):''' ນັກວິທະຍາສາດຊັ້ນນຳເຊັ່ນ [[ສະຕີເຟນ ຮອກຄິງ]] (Stephen Hawking) ແລະ ມະຫາເສດຖີ [[ອີລອນ ມັດ]] (Elon Musk) ໄດ້ອອກມາເຕືອນວ່າ ຫາກການພັດທະນາ AGI ຫຼື ASI ປາສະຈາກການຄວບຄຸມ ແລະ ການຈັດວາງເປົ້າໝາຍໃຫ້ກົງກັບຄຸນຄ່າຂອງມະນຸດ (AI Alignment), ມັນອາດຈະກາຍເປັນໄພຂົ່ມຂູ່ຕໍ່ການດຳລົງຢູ່ຂອງມະນຸດຊາດ.<ref>{{cite news |last=Cellan-Jones |first=Rory |title=Stephen Hawking warns artificial intelligence could end mankind |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-30290540 |work=BBC News |date=December 2, 2014}}</ref> == ເບິ່ງເພີ່ມເຕີມ == * [[ການຮຽນຮູ້ຂອງເຄື່ອງຈັກ]] (Machine Learning) * [[ເຄືອຂ່າຍປະສາດທຽມ]] (Neural Networks) * [[ວິທະຍາການຂໍ້ມູນ]] (Data Science) * [[ອິນເຕີເນັດໃນທຸກສິ່ງ]] (Internet of Things) == ອ້າງອີງ == {{Reflist}} == ອ້າງອິງ == icwpd5rn8w14wiccqt5fphbq6wazlzq 0 23295 129795 126417 2026-08-08T15:21:01Z RenWikiLA 20337 129795 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Expand language|name=วิกฤตการณ์ชายแดนไทย–กัมพูชา พ.ศ. 2568|langcode=th|otherarticle=วิกฤตการณ์ชายแดนไทย–กัมพูชา พ.ศ. 2568|googlelangcode=th}}{{Infobox military conflict|conflict=ວິກິດຊາຍແດນໄທ-ກຳປູເຈຍປີ ຄ.ສ 2025|partof=ການ​ປະ​ທະ​ກັນ​ຢູ່​ຕາມ​ຊາຍ​ແດນ​ກຳ​ປູ​ເຈຍ-ໄທ|image=Cambodia–Thailand border.png|image_size=300px|caption=ແຜນທີ່ຂອງ[[ກຳປູເຈຍ]]ມີຊາຍແດນຕິດກັບ[[ໄທ]] (ສີແດງ)|date=28 ພຶດສະພາ 2025 – ປັດຈຸບັນ|place=[[ຊາຍແດນກຳປູເຈຍ-ໄທ]]|status=[[ບັນ​ຊີ​ລາຍ​ຊື່​ການ​ປະ​ທະ​ກັນ​ປະ​ກອບ​ອາ​ວຸດ​ທີ່​ຍັງ​ຄົງ​ຄ້າງ​|ກໍາລັງເກີດຂຶ້ນ]]|combatant1={{flag|ກຳປູເຈຍ}}|combatant2={{flag|ໄທ}}|commander1={{plainlist| * {{flagdeco|Cambodia}} [[ຮຸນ ມະເນັດ]] * {{flagdeco|Cambodia}} [[ຮຸນ ເຊນ]] * {{flagdeco|Cambodia}} [[Tea Seiha]] * {{flagdeco|Cambodia}} Mao Sophan }}|commander2={{plainlist| * {{flagdeco|ປະເທດໄທ}} [[ແພທອງທານ ຊິນນະວັດ]] * {{nobr|{{flagdeco|ປະເທດໄທ}} [[ພູມທຳ ເວດຊະຍະໄຊ]]}} * {{flagdeco|ປະເທດໄທ}} [[ຊົງວິດ ໜູນພັກດີ]] * {{flagdeco|ປະເທດໄທ}} [[ພະນາ ແຄ້ວປອດທຸກ]] * {{flagdeco|ປະເທດໄທ}} [[ບຸນສິນ ພາດກາງ]]<ref>[https://www.dailynews.co.th/news/4721844/ เปิดประวัติ พล.ท.บุญสิน พาดกลาง แม่ทัพภาคที่ 2 ผู้ปกป้องอธิปไตยชายแดนไทย-กัมพูชา]</ref>}} | casualties1 = '''ກ່ອນປະທະໃຫຍ່'''<br>ທະຫານຕາຍ 1<ref>ทหารกัมพูชาตาย 1 นายเมื่อ 28 พ.ค. 2025</ref><hr>'''ຕັ້ງແຕ່ປະທະໃຫຍ່'''<br> '''ອ້າງໂດຍຝ່າຍກຳປູເຈຍ:'''<ref name="bbc"/><br>ທະຫານຕາຍ 5<br>ປະຊາກອນຕາຍ 8<br>ບາດເຈັບທັງໝົດ 71<br>ເປັນນັກໂທດສົງຄາມ 20<br>'''ອ້າງໂດຍຝ່າຍໄທ:'''<ref>แนวหน้า. [https://www.naewna.com/politic/904538 ‘พล.ต.วันชนะ’คาดทหารเขมรดับ 2,500 ราย จากเหตุปะทะชายแดนไทย-กัมพูชา] 5 สิงหาคม 2025</ref><br>ທະຫານຕາຍ 3,000-6,000+ <br>ເປັນນັກໂທດສົງຄາມ 18 | casualties2 = '''ກ່ອນປະທະໃຫຍ່'''<br>ທະຫານບາດເຈັບ 8<ref>ทหารไทยบาดเจ็บจากทุ่นระเบิด; 3 นายในวันที่ 16 ก.ค. และ 5 นายในวันที่ 23 ก.ค. 2025</ref><hr>'''ຕັ້ງແຕ່ປະທະໃຫຍ່'''<br>'''ອ້າງໂດຍຝ່າຍໄທ:'''<ref name="Royal Thai Army FB-2025">{{Cite web |date=2 August 2025 |title=Incident Report on the Thai-Cambodian Border Clash |url=https://www.facebook.com/rtarfhq.pr/posts/pfbid02cfHPC3xydUZtyWCYuH9YyTDWyhgeQ6nL1GjWfLGudwRb5er4ddcT6ayZ7VgAQBfol|access-date=2 August 2025 |website=แฟนเพจกองบัญชาการกองทัพไทย Royal Thai Armed Forces Headquarters Official Facebook page |language=th-th}}</ref><br>ທະຫານຕາຍ 15<br>ທະຫານບາດເຈັບ 199<br>ປະຊາກອນຕາຍ 17<br>ປະຊາກອນບາດເຈັບ 38}} ຂໍ້​ຂັດ​ແຍ່ງ​ຊາຍ​ແດນ​ລະ​ຫວ່າງ[[ປະເທດກຳປູເຈຍ|​ປະເທດກຳປູເຈຍ]] ​ແລະ [[ປະເທດໄທ|​ປະເທດໄທ]] ​ເລີ່ມ​ແຕ່​ວັນ​ທີ 28 ພຶດສະພາ 2025, ຫຼັງ​ຈາກ​ການ​ປະ​ທະ​ກັນ​ທາງ​ທະ​ຫານ​ເປັນ​ເວ​ລາ​ສັ້ນໆ. ເຫດການ​ດັ່ງກ່າວ​ໄດ້​ເກີດ​ຂຶ້ນ​ຢູ່​ເຂດ​[[​ຊາຍ​ແດນ​ກຳປູ​ເຈຍ-​ໄທ|ຊາຍ​ແດນ​ກຳປູ​ເຈຍ-​ໄທ]] ​ໃກ້​ກັບ​[[ສາມຫຼ່ຽມມໍລະກົດ (ອາຊີຕາເວັນອອກສຽງໃຕ້)|ສາມຫຼ່ຽມມໍລະກົດ]] (​ຊ່ອງບົກ). ເຂດ​ນີ້​ເປັນ​ຈຸດ​ປະ​ທະ​ກັນ​ລະຫວ່າງ​ກຳປູ​ເຈຍ​ແລະ​ໄທ​ມາ​ແຕ່​ດົນ​ນານ​ມາ​ແລ້ວ. ຕໍ່ມາໃນວັນທີ 24 ກໍລະກົດ 2025, ເມື່ອປະເທດໄທ ແລະ ກຳປູເຈຍ ໄດ້ມີປະທະຕອບໂຕ້ກັນດ້ວຍກຳລັງທະຫານ, ເຫດການດັ່ງກ່າວເປັນຜົນສະທ້ອນໂດຍກົງຂອງວິກິດການຊາຍແດນໄທ-ກຳປູເຈຍ ແລະ ເຮັດໃຫ້ຄວາມເຄັ່ງຕຶງຊາຍແດນເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນ ກາຍເປັນການປະທະກັນທາງທະຫານຢ່າງເຕັມຮູບແບບ. ການ​ປະ​ທະ​ກັນ​ລະຫວ່າງ​ວັນ​ທີ 24-25 ກໍລະກົດ​ນີ້ ​ແມ່ນ​ຢູ່​ເຂດ​ຊາຍ​ແດນ​[[ຈັງຫວັດສີສະເກດ|ຈັງຫວັດສີ​ສະ​ເກດ]]. ທະຫານກໍາປູເຈຍ ປະຈໍາການຢູ່ ລຽບຕາມຊາຍແດນ ກົງກັນຂ້າມ, ແລະ ລາຍງານຂ່າວ ກ່ຽວກັບການຍິງປືນໃຫຍ່ ເຂົ້າໄປໃນດິນແດນ ຂອງໄທ ໄດ້ສົ່ງຜົນກະທົບ ຕໍ່ພົນລະເຮືອນ ອ້ອມຂ້າງ ໂດຍສະເພາະ ຢູ່ໃກ້ກັບ ໂຮງໝໍ ແລະປໍ້ານໍ້າມັນ ບາງແຫ່ງ ໃນເຂດຊາຍແດນ. ສິ່ງນີ້ເຮັດໃຫ້ເກີດຄວາມຕື່ນຕົກໃຈຢ່າງແຜ່ຫຼາຍໃນບັນດາຊາວທ້ອງຖິ່ນ, ເຮັດໃຫ້ການຍົກຍ້າຍຊົ່ວຄາວໄປສູ່ເຂດທີ່ປອດໄພກວ່າ. ວັນທີ 7 ທັນວາ 2025 ກຳປູເຈຍ ແລະ ໄທ ໄດ້ປະທະກັນຕາມເຂດແດນເປັນເວລາປະມານ 30 ນາທີ. ໃນມື້ຕໍ່ມາ ໄທໄດ້ດຳເນີນປະຕິບັດການທາງພື້ນດິນ ແລະ ການໂຈມຕີທາງອາກາດດ້ວຍເຮືອບິນຮົບ F-16 ໃນຫຼາຍຈຸດຕາມເຂດແດນໃນກຳປູເຈຍ. ວັນທີ 10 ທັນວາ ກອງທັບບົກໄທ (RTA) ໄດ້ເປີດປະຕິບັດການ ສັດຕະວັດ (Operation Sattawat) ແລະເຂົ້າຄວບຄຸມພື້ນທີ່ຫຼາຍແຫ່ງໃນພາກເໜືອຂອງກຳປູເຈຍ. ປະທານາທິບໍດີສະຫະລັດ ໂດນັນ ທຣັມ ໄດ້ຮຽກຮ້ອງໃຫ້ກຳປູເຈຍ ແລະ ໄທ ປະຕິບັດຕາມຂໍ້ຕົກລົງຢຸດຍິງທີ່ລາວເປັນຜູ້ໄກ່ເກ່ຍ ທ່າມກາງການປະທະກັນຕາມເຂດແດນທີ່ເກີດຂຶ້ນອີກຄັ້ງ. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Cambodia%E2%80%93Thailand_conflict</ref> == ເບື້ອງຫຼັງ == [[ຮູບ:Geschil Cambodja-Thailand voor het Internationale Hof van Justitie De rechters , Bestanddeelnr 912-3278.jpg|left|thumb|210x210px|ຄະດີ​ກ່ຽວ​ກັບ​ວັດ​ພຣະ​ວິ​ຫານ​ຢູ່​ພາຍ​ໃຕ້​ການ​ພິ​ຈາ​ລະ​ນາ​ຂອງ​ສານ​ຍຸ​ຕິ​ທຳ​ສາ​ກົນ​ໃນ​ປີ 1961]] ຂໍ້ຂັດແຍ່ງຊາຍແດນລະຫວ່າງກຳປູເຈຍ ແລະ ໄທ ມີຮາກເຫງົ້າມາຈາກຄວາມບໍ່ແນ່ນອນຂອງເສັ້ນຊາຍແດນທີ່ເກີດຈາກ[[ສົນທິສັນຍາສະຫຍາມ-ຝຣັ່ງ ປີ 1904]], ເຊັ່ນດຽວກັນກັບ[[ສົນທິສັນຍາສະຫຍາມ-ຝຣັ່ງ ປີ 1907]], ເຊິ່ງໄດ້ສ້າງຕັ້ງເຂດຊາຍແດນບາງສ່ວນລະຫວ່າງ[[ສະຫຍາມ|ອານາຈັກສະຫຍາມ]] (ປະຈຸບັນແມ່ນປະເທດໄທ) ແລະສາທາລະນະລັດຝຣັ່ງທີສາມ. ພາຍຫຼັງ​[[​ກຳປູ​ເຈຍ|ກຳປູ​ເຈຍ]]​ໄດ້​ຮັບ​ເອກະລາດ, ສານ​ຍຸຕິ​ທຳ​ລະຫວ່າງປະເທດ (ICJ) ໄດ້ມີສານ​ປີ 1962 ໄດ້​ຕັດ​ສິນ​ໃຫ້​[[ວັດພະວິຫານ|ວັດ​ພຣະ​ວິ​ຫານ]]​ຕົກ​ຢູ່​ພາຍ​ໃນ​ອະ​ທິ​ປະ​ໄຕ​ຂອງ​ກຳ​ປູ​ເຈຍ, ແຕ່​ເຂດ​ອ້ອມ​ຂ້າງ​ຍັງ​ມີ​ການ​ຂັດ​ແຍ້ງ​ກັນ, ເຊິ່ງ​ກໍ່​ໃຫ້​ເກີດ​ຄວາມ​ເຄັ່ງ​ຕຶງ​ຢ່າງ​ຕໍ່​ເນື່ອງ ໂດຍສະເພາະໃນໄລຍະ 2008-2011, ເມື່ອການປະທະກັນທາງທະຫານເກີດຂຶ້ນ ແລະ ເສຍຊີວິດທັງສອງຝ່າຍ, ນ້ຳໃຈຊາດນິຍົມຂອງທັງສອງປະເທດໄດ້ມີບົດບາດສຳຄັນໃນການເຮັດໃຫ້ການປະທະກັນເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນ, ສົ່ງຜົນໃຫ້ມີຜູ້ບາດເຈັບ ແລະ ເສຍຊີວິດທັງສອງຝ່າຍ, ກ່ອນທີ່ສານຍຸຕິທຳລະຫວ່າງປະເທດຈະຢືນຢັນຄຳຕັດສິນຂອງປີ 1962 ຄືນໃໝ່.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2025-06-02|title=U.S. Ally and China’s Strategic Partner Exchange Fire in Southeast Asia: Cambodia-Thailand Border Skirmish Raises Fears of Renewed Regional Instability|url=https://theasialive.com/u-s-ally-and-chinas-strategic-partner-exchange-fire-in-southeast-asia-cambodia-thailand-border-skirmish-raises-fears-of-renewed-regional-instability/2025/06/02/|access-date=2025-06-03|website=The Asia Live|language=en-US|archive-date=2025-06-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250604105145/https://theasialive.com/u-s-ally-and-chinas-strategic-partner-exchange-fire-in-southeast-asia-cambodia-thailand-border-skirmish-raises-fears-of-renewed-regional-instability/2025/06/02/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ຄວາມ​ເຄັ່ງ​ຕຶງ​ຢູ່​ເຂດ​ຊາຍ​ແດນ​ໄດ້​ເພີ່ມ​ຂຶ້ນ​ໃນ​ຕົ້ນ​ປີ 2025 ວັນ​ທີ 13 ກຸມພາ​, ທະຫານ​ໄທ​ໄດ້​ຫ້າມ​ນັກ​ທ່ອງ​ທ່ຽວ​ກຳປູ​ເຈຍ​ຮ້ອງ​ເພງ​ຊາດ​ກຳປູ​ເຈຍ​ຢູ່​ທີ່ປາສາດຕາເມືອນທົມ​ທີ່​ມີ​ການ​ຂັດ​ແຍ້​ງກັນ, ​ເຮັດ​ໃຫ້​ຄວາມ​ເຄັ່ງ​ຕຶງ​ເພີ່ມ​ຂຶ້ນ​ຕື່ມ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=PM warns of 'nationalist rhetoric' fuelling Thai border tensions|url=https://www.phnompenhpost.com/national/pm-warns-of-nationalist-rhetoric-fuelling-thai-border-tensions|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250219132051/https://www.phnompenhpost.com/national/pm-warns-of-nationalist-rhetoric-fuelling-thai-border-tensions|archive-date=2025-02-19|access-date=2025-02-22|language=en|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Bangprapa|first=Mongkol|date=2025-02-18|title=Thai PM downplays Cambodian anthem fuss|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2963575/thai-pm-downplays-cambodian-anthem-fuss|access-date=2025-02-22|work=Bangkok Post|language=en}}</ref> ວັນ​ທີ 28 ພຶດ​ສະ​ພາ 2025, ໄດ້ເກີດການ​ປະ​ທະ​ກັນ​ດ້ວຍ​ປືນ​ໃຫຍ່​ລະ​ຫວ່າງ​ທະ​ຫານ​ກຳ​ປູ​ເຈຍ​ແລະ​ໄທ​ຢູ່​ເຂດ​[[ສາມຫຼ່ຽມມໍລະກົດ (ອາຊີຕາເວັນອອກສຽງໃຕ້)|ສາມ​ຫຼ່ຽມ​ມໍລະກົດ]] (ຊ່ອງ​ບົກ), ເຂດ​ຊາຍ​ແດນ​ຮ່ວມ​ລະ​ຫວ່າງ​ໄທ, ກຳ​ປູ​ເຈຍ, ລາວ. ເຫດການ​ດັ່ງກ່າວ​ໄດ້​ເຮັດ​ໃຫ້​ທະຫານ​ກຳປູ​ເຈຍ 1 ຄົນ​ເສຍ​ຊີວິດ. ທັງ​ສອງ​ປະ​ເທດ​ໄດ້​ອອກ​ຖະ​ແຫຼງການ​ທີ່​ກ່າວ​ຫາ​ກັນ​ວ່າ​ເປັນ​ການ​ລິ​ເລີ່ມ​ການ​ກໍ່​ຄວາມ​ຮຸນ​ແຮງ, ສົ່ງ​ໃຫ້​ສາຍ​ພົວພັນ​ສອງ​ປະ​ເທດ​ຕົກ​ເຂົ້າສູ່​ສະພາບ​ເຄັ່ງ​ຕຶງ​ໃໝ່.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2025-06-02|title=U.S. Ally and China’s Strategic Partner Exchange Fire in Southeast Asia: Cambodia-Thailand Border Skirmish Raises Fears of Renewed Regional Instability|url=https://theasialive.com/u-s-ally-and-chinas-strategic-partner-exchange-fire-in-southeast-asia-cambodia-thailand-border-skirmish-raises-fears-of-renewed-regional-instability/2025/06/02/|access-date=2025-06-03|website=The Asia Live|language=en-US|archive-date=2025-06-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250604105145/https://theasialive.com/u-s-ally-and-chinas-strategic-partner-exchange-fire-in-southeast-asia-cambodia-thailand-border-skirmish-raises-fears-of-renewed-regional-instability/2025/06/02/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == ຈຸດ​ເລີ່ມ​ຕົ້ນ​ ແລະ ​ຂໍ້​ຂັດ​ແຍ່ງ​ນໍາ​ໄປ​ສູ່ສົງ​ຄາມ (28 ​ພຶດ​ສະ​ພາ ຫາ 23 ​ກໍ​ລະ​ກົດ​) == ວັນ​ທີ 1 ມີນາ 2025, ​ເຈົ້າ​ໜ້າ​ທີ່​ໄທ​ໄດ້​ຮັບ​ການ​ລາຍ​ງານ​ຈາກ​ກອງ​ບັນຊາ​ການ​ສຸ​ນາ​ລີ​ວ່າ, [[ສາລາຕຣີມຸກ|ສາລາ]]​[[ສາລາຕຣີມຸກ|ຕຣີມຸກ]] (ສາລາ​ຮ່ວມ​ໃຈ​ໄທ-ລາວ-ກຳປູ​ເຈຍ), ທີ່​ຕັ້ງ​ຢູ່​ເຂດ​ສາມຫຼ່ຽມມໍລະກົດ​ໄດ້​ເກີດ​ໄຟ​ໄໝ້​ແລະ​ໄດ້​ຮັບ​ຄວາມ​ເສຍ​ຫາຍ​ທັງໝົດ.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-05|title=รู้จัก “ศาลาตรีมุข” สัญลักษณ์มิตรภาพ 3 ชาติ ที่เหลือเพียงเถ้าธุลี|url=https://www.nationtv.tv/politic/378957635|access-date=2025-06-07|website=เนชั่นทีวี|language=th-TH}}</ref> ໂດຍກອງທັບບົກໄທ​ອອກ​ຖະ​ແຫຼ​ງການ​ວ່າ, ​ເຫດ​ໄຟ​ໄໝ້​ແມ່ນ​ເກີດ​ຈາກ​ໄຟ​ໄໝ້​ເຮືອນ​ຂອງ​ພົນລະ​ເມືອງ​ຢູ່​ຝ່າຍ​ກຳປູ​ເຈຍ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=เพลิงไหม้‘ศาลาตรีมุข’ช่องบก สัญลักษณ์มิตรภาพ 3 ประเทศ ‘เขมร’แจงสาเหตุแล้ว|url=https://www.naewna.com/politic/866626|access-date=2025-06-07|website=www.naewna.com|language=th}}</ref> ແນວໃດກໍ່ຕາມ, ບາງແຫຼ່ງຂ່າວວ່າ ສາລາ​ຕຣີມຸກອາດບໍ່ເສຍຫາຍຈາກອຸບັດເຫດໄຟໄໝ້, ແຕ່ຖືກທະຫານກຳປູເຈຍທຳລາຍຖິ້ມໃນຕອນກາງຄືນວັນທີ 28 ກຸມພາ ຍ້ອນບໍ່ພໍໃຈກັບເຫດການຄັ້ງກ່ອນ, ເຊິ່ງຝ່າຍໄທໄດ້ຫ້າມນາຍພົນເນ໊ຍະວົງ ແລະເມຍຂອງທະຫານກຳປູເຈຍ ຮ້ອງເພງໃຫ້ກຳລັງໃຈຢູ່ວັດຕາເມືອນທົມ. ນອກຈາກນັ້ນ, ຝ່າຍໄທ ຍັງໄດ້ຈັດຕັ້ງການເຄື່ອນໄຫວຢູ່ສາລາ​ຕຣີມຸກ ໃນວັນສຳຄັນຕ່າງໆຂອງພຸດທະສາສະນິກະຊົນ, ເຊິ່ງກຳປູເຈຍເຫັນວ່າເປັນການບຸກລຸກເຂົ້າໄປໃນເຂດທີ່ຕົນຖືວ່າຢູ່ໃນຂອບເຂດອະທິປະໄຕຂອງຕົນ.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-03-05|title=กห.รับทหารเขมร ทุบแล้วเผา "ศาลาตรีมุข" เหตุไม่พอใจทหารไทย ห้ามร้องเพลงปลุกใจที่ "ตาเมือนธม" ปรามไม่ให้เกิดซ้ำ|url=https://siamrath.co.th/n/605532|access-date=2025-06-07|website=สยามรัฐ|language=th}}</ref> ໃນກາງເດືອນພຶດສະພາ 2015, ຮູບພາບໄດ້ຖືກເຜີຍແຜ່ໃນສື່ ແລະສື່ສັງຄົມ ສະແດງໃຫ້ເຫັນວ່າ ທະຫານກໍາປູເຈຍ ໄດ້ແກ້ໄຂພູມສັນຖານ ແລະ ກໍ່ສ້າງທີ່ໝັ້ນດ້ວຍສະໜາມເພາະ, ໂດຍມີທະຫານເພີ່ມອີກປະມານ 100 ຄົນ, ຢູ່ທີ່ພູ 745 ໃນເຂດສາມຫລ່ຽມມຊລະກົດ. ຕໍ່ມາ, ຜູ້ບັນຊາການທະຫານເຂດ 2 ແລະ ຜູ້ບັນຊາການກອງບັນຊາການ ເປີດເຜີຍວ່າ: ພາຍຫຼັງການສືບສວນ-ສອບສວນຫາຄວາມຈິງແລ້ວເຫັນວ່າການຂູເສະໜາມເພາະແມ່ນເປັນເຫດການແທ້ຈິງ. ດັ່ງນັ້ນ, ກອງທັບໄທຈຶ່ງໄດ້ສົ່ງກຳລັງທະຫານໄປເຈລະຈາກັບຝ່າຍກຳປູເຈຍ ເພື່ອຢຸດຕິການດຳເນີນງານຢູ່ເຂດທີ່ຂັດແຍ້ງກັນ ແລະ ບັນລຸຂໍ້ຕົກລົງຮ່ວມກັນເພື່ອຖອນກຳລັງທະຫານອອກຈາກພື້ນທີ່ຂອງທັງສອງຝ່າຍ, ພ້ອມທັງກຳນົດເວລາການພົບປະເພື່ອປຶກສາຫາລືກ່ຽວກັບເລື່ອງບໍ່ມີອາວຸດ, ແລະ ກຳນົດການລາດຕະເວນຮ່ວມເພື່ອປ້ອງກັນການປະທະກັນໃນອະນາຄົດ.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-05-18|title=แม่ทัพภาค 2 รับเป็นภาพจริง ทหารกัมพูชารุกล้ำพื้นที่ขุดคู-สร้างฐานที่มั่น|url=https://www.pptvhd36.com/news/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1/248879|access-date=2025-06-07|website=pptvhd36.com|language=th}}</ref> ພາຍຫຼັງ​ການ​ເຈລະຈາ, ບັນດາ​ຮູບ​ພາບ​ທະຫານ​ຂອງ​ທັງ​ສອງ​ຝ່າຍ​ໄດ້​ຮັບ​ປະທານ​ອາຫານ​ທ່ຽງ​ທີ່​ເປັນ​ມູນ​ເຊື້ອ​ເພື່ອ​ສະ​ແດງ​ໃຫ້​ເຫັນ​ເຈດ​ຈຳນົງ​ແກ້​ໄຂ​ສະຖານະ​ການ​ໂດຍ​ສັນຕິ.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Nilnakorn|first=Phanit|title=แม่ทัพภาค 2 ฮึ่มภาพทหารกัมพูชารุกล้ำขุดคูเลตเนินช่องบกของจริง แต่เจรจาจบถอนกำลังแล้ว|url=https://www.dailynews.co.th/news/4721745/|access-date=2025-06-07|website=เดลินิวส์|language=th}}</ref> == ອ້າງອີງ == f65052vidojfp30ikfuczjnmurbk6tn 10 23523 129800 120142 2026-08-08T15:32:26Z RenWikiLA 20337 129800 wikitext text/x-wiki {{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= {{Ambox | name = Current | type = notice | image = [[File:{{Ambox globe current red}}|50x40px|alt=Graphic of a globe with a red analog clock|link=]] | text = '''{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|ບົດຄວາມ}}ນີ້ມີເນື້ອຫາກ່ຽວຂ້ອງກັບ{{#switch:{{lc:{{str left|{{{2|ເຫດການປັດຈຸບັນ}}}|1}}}}|a|e|i|o|u=|#default=}}[[:ໝວດ:ເຫດການປັດຈຸບັນ|{{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{{2}}}|ເຫດການປັດຈຸບັນ}}]].''' ຂໍ້ມູນອາດຈະມີການປ່ຽນແປງຢ່າງໄວວາແລະລາຍງານຂ່າວເບື້ອງຕົ້ນອາດຈະ[[Wikipedia:Reliable sources|ບໍ່ໜ້າເຊື່ອຖື]]. [[Special:History/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|ການແກ້ໄຂລ້າສຸດ]]ໃນ{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|ບົດຄວາມ}}ນີ້ອາດຈະບໍ່ສະແດງຂໍ້ມູນທີ່ເປັນປັດຈຸບັນທີ່ສຸດ. | removalnotice = yes | fix = ທ່ານສາມາດຊ່ວຍ[[Special:EditPage/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|ແກ້ໄຂ{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|ບົດຄວາມ}}]]ນີ້ໄດ້ ຫຼື [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|ສົນທະນາ]]ກ່ຽວກັບການປ່ຽນແປງໜ້ານີ້ໄດ້, ແຕ່ກະລຸນາກວດສອບ ຖ້າການແກ້ໄຂທີ່ບໍ່ຖືກຕ້ອງ ຫຼື [[ວິກິພີເດຍ:ຕ້ອງການອ້າງອີງ|ບໍ່ມີການອ້າງອິງຂໍ້ມູນ]] ການແກ້ໄຂນັ້ນຈະຖືກລົບ. | cat = ເຫດການປັດຈຸບັນ | date = {{{date|}}} }} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> cqxj4506sx0yc6pzc8ns63n9q64d4ad 0 23648 129804 124609 2026-08-08T23:48:24Z InternetArchiveBot 13695 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 129804 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox website | name = HBO Max | logo = HBO Max (2025).svg | type = [[ບໍລິການສື່ຜ່ານອິນເຕີເນັດ|ແພລັດຟອມການສະຕຣີມວິດີໂອ OTT]] | launch_date = {{Plainlist| * {{Start date and years ago|2020|5|27}} (HBO MAX) * {{Start date and years ago|2023|5|23}} (MAX) }} | language = {{plainlist| * [[ພາສາກາຕາລັງ|ກາຕາລັງ]] * [[ພາສາກຣົວຊີ|ກຣົວຊີ]] * [[ພາສາເກຣັກ|ເກຣັກ]] * [[ພາສາເກົາຫຼີ|ເກົາຫຼີ]] * [[ພາສາຈີນ|ຈີນ]] ([[ກວາງຕຸ້ງ]] ແລະ [[ພາສາຈີນກາງ|ຈີນກາງ]]) * [[ພາສາສະໂລວາກ|ສະໂລວາກ]] * [[ພາສາສະໂລເວນີ|ສະໂລເວນີ]] * [[ພາສາເຊັກ|ເຊັກ]] * [[ພາສາຊູແອດ|ຊູແອດ]] * [[ພາສາແຊັກບີ|ແຊັກບີ]] * [[ພາສາຍີ່ປຸ່ນ|ຍີ່ປຸ່ນ]] * [[ພາສາດານມາກ|ດານມາກ]] * [[ພາສາຕວັກກີ|ຕວັກກີ]] * [[ພາສາໄທ|ໄທ]] * [[ພາສານອກແວ|ນອກແວ]] ([[ບຸກມານ]]) * [[ພາສາບາສ|ບາສ]] * [[ພາສາບູນກາລີ|ບູນກາລີ]] * [[ພາສາໂປໂລຍ|ໂປໂລຍ]] * [[ພາສາປອກຕຸຍການ|ປອກຕຸຍການ]] * [[ພາສາຝຣັ່ງ|ຝຣັ່ງ]] * [[ພາສາຟີລິບປິນ|ຟີລິບປິນ]] * [[ພາສາແຟງລັງ|ແຟງລັງ]] * [[ພາສາຖິ່ນຟລັງເດີ|ຟລັງເດີ]] * [[ພາສາມາເຊໂດນີ|ມາເຊໂດນີ]] * [[ພາສາມາເລ|ມາເລ]] * [[ພາສາເຢຍລະມັນ|ເຢຍລະມັນ]] (ໄວໆນີ້) * [[ພາສາຣູມານີ|ຣູມານີ]] * [[ພາສາລັດເວຍ|ລັດເວຍ]] * [[ພາສາລິດຕົວນີ|ລິດຕົວນີ]] * [[ພາສາລັດເຊຍ|ລັດເຊຍ]] * [[ພາສາອັງກິດ|ອັງກິດ]] * [[ພາສາອາຣັບ|ອາຣັບ]] * [[ພາສາແອັດສະປາຍ|ແອັດສະປາຍ]] * [[ພາສາແອັດສະໂຕນີ|ແອັດສະໂຕນີ]] * [[ພາສາອິດສະລັງ|ອິດສະລັງ]] * [[ພາສາອິນໂດເນເຊຍ|ອິນໂດເນເຊຍ]] * [[ພາສາອິຕາລີ|ອິຕາລີ]] (ໄວໆນີ້) * [[ພາສາອູແກຣນ|ອູແກຣນ]] * [[ພາສາໂຮນລັງ|ໂຮນລັງ]] * [[ພາສາຮົງກາລີ|ຮົງກາລີ]] * [[ພາສາເຮັບເຣີ|ເຮັບເຣີ]] * [[ພາສາຮິນດີ|ຮິນດີ]] (ໄວໆນີ້) }} | language_count = 44 | predecessor = {{collapsible list| * [[HBO Go]] * [[HBO Now]] * [[Cinemax|Cinemax]] * [[DC Universe]] * [[Structural film]] * [[DramaFever]] * [[CNN+]] * [[HBO Nordic]] * [[HBO Portugal]] }} | location = [[ນະຄອນນິວຢອກ]], [[ລັດນິວຢອກ]] | country = [[ສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ]] | country_of_origin = [[ສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ]] | area_served = [[ອາເມຣິກາ]] (ຍົກເວັ້ນ [[ການາດາ]]) ແລະ ບາງສ່ວນຂອງ[[ເອີຣົບ]] | owner = [[ວໍເນີ ບຣາເທີສ໌ ດິສຄັບເວີຣີ]] | parent = ວໍເນີ ບຣາເທີສ໌ ດິສຄັບເວີຣີ ໂກລບອລ ສະຕຣີມມິງ ແລະ ອິນເຕີແອກທີຟ ເອັນເຕີເທນເມນ | key_people = ເຄຊີ ບລອຍສ໌ (ຫົວໜ້າຝ່າຍເນື້ອຫາ) | url = {{URL|https://www.hbomax.com/}} | registration = ບໍ່ຈຳເປັນ | users = {{Increase}} 125.5&nbsp;ລ້ານຜູ້ໃຊ້ ({{As of|2025|8|6|lc=y|df=International}}) | current_status = ດຳເນີນການຢູ່ }} '''HBO Max''' ຫຼື '''ເອັດຊ໌ບີໂອ ແມັກຊ໌''' ຫຼື ຮູ້ຈັກໃນຊື່ເດີມວ່າ '''ແມັກຊ໌''' ({{langx|en|Max}}) ເປັນບໍລິການ[[ວີດິທັດຕາມຄຳຂໍ]][[ສື່ສົ່ງຜ່ານສັນຍານຕໍ່ເນື່ອງ|ຜ່ານສັນຍານຕໍ່ເນື່ອງ]][[ບໍລິການສື່ຜ່ານອິນເຕີເນັດ|ເທິງອິນເຕີເນັດ]]ອາເມຣິກາ. ໂດຍເປັນກຳມະສິດຂອງ[[ລາຍຊື່ຊັບສິນ ວໍເນີ ບຣາເທີສ໌ ດິສຄັບເວີຣີ ເປັນເຈົ້າຂອງ#ວໍເນີ ບຣາເທີສ໌ ດິສຄັບເວີຣີ ສະຕຣີມມິງ| ວໍເນີ ບຣາເທີສ໌ ດິສຄັບເວີຣີ ສະຕຣີມມິງ]] ໃນນາມຂອງ[[ບໍລິສັດ ໂຮມບັອກຊ໌ ອັອບຟິດ]] ເຊິ່ງເປັນພະແນກຍ່ອຍຂອງ[[ວໍເນີ ບຣາເທີສ໌ ດິສຄັບເວີຣີ]]<ref>{{cite web |last=Maddaus |first=Gene |date=February 24, 2023 |title='South Park' Lawsuit: Warner Bros. Discovery Sues Paramount Global Over Licensing Dispute |url=https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/south-park-lawsuit-hbo-max-sues-paramount-1235534780/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225003854/https://variety.com/2023/tv/news/south-park-lawsuit-hbo-max-sues-paramount-1235534780/ |archive-date=February 25, 2023 |access-date=February 25, 2023 |website=Variety |publisher=Variety Media |language=en-US}}</ref> ແພລັດຟອມນີ້ນຳສະເໜີເນື້ອຫາຈາກ[[ລາຍຊື່ຄັງທີ່ ວໍເນີ ບຣາເທີສ໌ ດິສຄັບເວີຣີ ເປັນເຈົ້າຂອງ|ຄັງ]]ຂອງ[[ວໍເນີ ບຣາເທີສ໌ ດິສຄັບເວີຣີ]], [[ດິສຄັບເວີຣີ ແຊນແນວ|ດິສຄັບເວີຣີ]], [[HBO]], [[CNN]], [[ກາຕູນເນັດເວີກ]], [[Adult Swim]], [[Animal Planet]], [[TBS]], [[TNT]], [[Eurosport]] ແລະ ແບຣນທີ່ກ່ຽວຂ້ອງ. HBO Max ເປີດໃຫ້ບໍລິການຄັ້ງທຳອິດໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ ວັນທີ 27 ພຶດສະພາ ປີ ຄ.ສ 2020 ແລະ ເປັນບໍລິການ [[ສື່ສົ່ງຜ່ານສັນຍານຕໍ່ເນື່ອງ]][[ລາຍຊື່ສື່ສົ່ງຜ່ານສັນຍານຕໍ່ເນື່ອງ|ທີ່ມີຜູ້ສະໝັກສະມາຊິກຫຼາຍທີ່ສຸດເປັນອັນດັບທີສີ່]] ດ້ວຍຈຳນວນ 125.5 ລ້ານຜູ້ໃຊ້<ref name="user2">{{cite news |title=Warner Bros Discovery Posts Strong Max Subscriber Growth In Q4, Forecasts 150M Subs By 2026-End |url=https://www.forbesmiddleeast.com/consumer/entertainment/warner-bros-discovery-forecasts-150m-subscribers-by-end-of-2026 |archive-date=February 27, 2025 |access-date=February 27, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250227144721/https://www.forbesmiddleeast.com/consumer/entertainment/warner-bros-discovery-forecasts-150m-subscribers-by-end-of-2026 |url-status=live}}</ref> ນອກຈາກນີ້, ໃນວັນທີ 15 ຕຸລາ ປີ ຄ.ສ 2025 HBO Max ຈະຂະຫຍາຍການຕະຫຼາດໃນພາກພື້ນ ອາຊີ-ປາຊີຟິກ ອີກ 14 ປະເທດ ລວມທັງມີປະເທດລາວອີກດ້ວຍເຊັ່ນ: [[ບັງກລາເທດ]], [[ບຣູໄນ]], [[ກຳປູເຈຍ]], [[ປະເທດລາວ]], [[ມາເກົາ]], [[ມົງໂກລີ]], [[ປາກິດສະຖານ]], [[ມຽນມາ]], [[ປາລາອູ]], [[ປາປົວນິວກີເນ]], [[ສີລັງກາ]], [[ຊາໂລມົງ ອິດສະແລນ]] ແລະ [[ຕີມໍແລັດສະເຕ]] == ກຳນົດການໃຫ້ບໍລິການ == [[File:Availability of HBO Max in the World.svg|right|thumb|300x300px|ຄວາມພ້ອມໃຫ້ບໍລິການຂອງ HBO Max ໃນວັນທີ 22 ກັນຍາ 2025:{{legend|black|ພ້ອມໃຫ້ບໍລິການ}} {{legend|#555555|ພ້ອມໃຫ້ບໍລິການຜ່ານຫຸ້ນສ່ວນ}} {{legend|#4F6984|ການຈັດຈຳໜ່າຍໂດຍບຸກຄົນທີສາມ}} {{legend|#2e332f|ໄວໆນີ້}} {{legend|#BEBEBE|ບໍ່ພ້ອມໃຫ້ບໍລິການ ຫຼື ຍັງບໍ່ທັນປະກາດ}}]] {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" id="launch rollout" |+ ເສັ້ນເວລາກຳນົດການໃຫ້ບໍລິການ ! scope="col" | ປະເທດ/ດິນແດນ ! scope="col" | ເປີດຕົວໃນຊື່ HBO Max ! scope="col" | ເປີດຕົວໃໝ່ ຫຼື ເປີດຕົວໃນຊື່ Max {{efn|ບໍລິການກັບມາໃຊ້ຊື່ "HBO Max" ເມື່ອວັນທີ 9 ກໍລະກົດ 2025}} |- | scope="row" | [[ສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ]]{{efn|ລວມເຖິງອານາເຂດຂອງ [[ຊາມົວອາເມຣິກາ]], [[ກວມ]], [[ໝູ່ເກາະມາເຣຍນາເໜືອ]], [[ປອກໂຕຣິໂກ]] ແລະ [[ໝູ່ເກາະເວຍເຈີຂອງອາເມຣິກາ]]}} | {{dts|2020|5|27}}{{efn|The service was relaunched as "Max" on May 23, 2023, and later renamed to its original "HBO Max" branding on July 9, 2025.}} | <ref>{{cite news |last=Haselton |first=Todd |date=July 9, 2019 |title=AT&T rolls out a new, super-charged streaming service with HBO shows, 'Friends' and more |publisher=CNBC |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/07/09/att-hbo-max-streaming-service-will-include-friends.html |url-status=live |access-date=July 9, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190709180146/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/07/09/att-hbo-max-streaming-service-will-include-friends.html |archive-date=July 9, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Marshall |first=Alice |date=April 14, 2023 |title=Max Streaming Service: Price, Plans, Launch Date, And Everything To Know About The HBO Max Discovery Plus Merger |url=https://www.cinemablend.com/streaming-news/max-price-plans-launch-date-hbo-discovery-plus |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230421102641/https://www.cinemablend.com/streaming-news/max-price-plans-launch-date-hbo-discovery-plus |archive-date=April 21, 2023 |access-date=April 21, 2023 |website=CinemaBlend}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | [[ອັງກິວລາ]] | rowspan="39" | {{dts|2021|6|29}}{{efn|The service was relaunched as "Max" on February 27, 2024, and later renamed to its original "HBO Max" branding on July 9, 2025.}} | rowspan="39" | <ref>{{cite web |title=HBO Max: Cuánto costará y cuál será su catálogo |url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/372942#:~:text=Los%20pa%C3%ADses%20a%20los%20que,%2C%20Honduras%2C%20Jamaica%2C%20M%C3%A9xico%2C |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603214352/https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/372942#:~:text=Los%20pa%C3%ADses%20a%20los%20que,%2C%20Honduras%2C%20Jamaica%2C%20M%C3%A9xico%2C |archive-date=June 3, 2021 |access-date=May 27, 2021 |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=May 27, 2021 |title=HBO Max estará disponible a partir del 29 de junio en 39 países de América Latina, incluido Ecuador, y el Caribe |url=https://www.eluniverso.com/entretenimiento/television/hbo-max-estara-disponible-a-partir-del-29-de-junio-en-39-paises-de-america-latina-incluido-ecuador-y-el-caribe-nota/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604184001/https://www.eluniverso.com/entretenimiento/television/hbo-max-estara-disponible-a-partir-del-29-de-junio-en-39-paises-de-america-latina-incluido-ecuador-y-el-caribe-nota/ |archive-date=June 4, 2021 |access-date=July 5, 2022 |website=El Universo |language=es}}</ref><ref name="Max LatAm">{{cite magazine |last=Spangler |first=Todd |date=January 24, 2024 |title=HBO Max's Conversion to Max to Hit Latin America, Caribbean in February |url=https://variety.com/2024/digital/news/hbo-max-convert-to-max-latin-america-caribbean-1235886791/ |magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=February 8, 2024 |archive-date=February 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240208184052/https://variety.com/2024/digital/news/hbo-max-convert-to-max-latin-america-caribbean-1235886791/ |url-status=live}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | [[ອັງຕີກາ ແລະ ບາກບູດາ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ອາກຊັງຕີນ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ອາຣູບາ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ມາຮາບາດ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ບາກບາດິດ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ເບລິດ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ໂບລີວີ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ບຣາຊິນ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ໝູ່ເກາະເວຍເຈີຂອງອັງກິດ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ໝູ່ເກາະໄກມານ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ຊີເລ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ໂກໂລມບີ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ໂກສະຕາຣິກາ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ກູຣາຊາວ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ໂດມີນິກ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ສາທາລະນະລັດ ໂດມິມິກັນ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ເອກວາດໍ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ແອນຊານວາດໍ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ເກຣີນາດາ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ກົວເຕມາລາ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ກຸຍຢານ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ໄຮຕິ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ຮົງດູຣັດ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ຈາໄມກາ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ເມັກຊິກ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ມົງແຊຣັດ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ນິກາຣາກວາ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ປານາມາ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ປາຣາກວາຍ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ເປຣູ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ແຊັງກິດ ແລະ ນີວີ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ແຊັງລຸຍຊີ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ແຊັງແວັງຊັງ ແລະ ເກຣນາດິນ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ຊູຣິນາມ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ຕຣີນີດັດ ແລະ ໂຕບາໂກ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ໝູ່ເກາະຕວັກ ແລະ ກາອິກ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ອູຣູກວາຍ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ເວເນຊູເອລາ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ອັງໂດລາ]] | rowspan="6" | {{dts|2021|10|26}}{{efn|The service was relaunched as "Max" on May 21, 2024, and later renamed to its original "HBO Max" brending on July 9, 2025.}} | rowspan="6" | <ref>{{cite web |last=Chan |first=J. Clara |date=September 8, 2021 |title=HBO Max to Begin European Launch In October |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/digital/hbo-max-europe-1235009467/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617041640/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/digital/hbo-max-europe-1235009467/ |archive-date=June 17, 2022 |access-date=September 8, 2021 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref><ref name="EuropeLaunch">{{cite web |url=https://press.wbd.com/us/media-release/warner-bros-discovery-launch-max-europe-may-21 |title=Warner Bros. Discovery to Launch Max in Europe Beginning May 21 |date=October 10, 2023 |access-date=February 2, 2024 |archive-date=April 19, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419222225/https://press.wbd.com/us/media-release/warner-bros-discovery-launch-max-europe-may-21 |url-status=live}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | [[ດານມາກ]]{{efn|ລວມເຖິງອານາເຂດຂອງ [[ໝູ່ເກາະຟາໂຣ]] ແລະ [[ໂກຣແອນລັງ]]}} |- | scope="row" | [[ແຟງລັງ]]{{efn|ລວມເຖິງ [[ໝູ່ເກາະໂອລັງ]]}} |- | scope="row" | [[ນອກແວ]]{{efn|ລວມເຖິງອານາເຂດຂອງ [[ສະວານບາດ]] ແລະ [[ຊັງ ມາຢອນ]]}} |- | scope="row" | [[ແອັດສະປາຍ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ຊູແອດ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ບົດສະນີ-ແຮກເຊໂກວິນາ]] | rowspan="15" | {{dts|2022|3|8}}{{efn|The service was relaunched as "Max" on May 21, 2024, except in the Netherlands and Poland, and later renamed to its original "HBO Max" branding on July 9, 2025.}}{{efn|In the Netherlands, the service was relaunched with the original name "HBO Max" on June 11, 2024.}}{{efn|In Poland, the service was relaunched as "Max" on June 11, 2024, and later renamed to its original name "HBO Max" on July 9, 2025.}} | rowspan="15" | <ref name="Europe">{{cite news |last=Ravindran |first=Manori |date=February 1, 2022 |title=HBO Max Prepares to Launch in 15 More Countries in Europe |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |url=https://variety.com/2022/tv/global/hbo-max-europe-launch-second-wave-1235167468/ |url-status=live |access-date=February 1, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201083538/https://variety.com/2022/tv/global/hbo-max-europe-launch-second-wave-1235167468/ |archive-date=February 1, 2022}}</ref><ref name="BeneluxNo1">{{cite web |url=https://www.broadbandtvnews.com/2023/10/10/dutch-channel-max-means-in-the-benelux-its-still-hbo-max/ |title=Dutch channel MAX means in the Benelux it's still HBO Max |language=en |work=Broadband TV News |date=October 10, 2023 |access-date=February 2, 2024 |archive-date=February 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223103833/https://www.broadbandtvnews.com/2023/10/10/dutch-channel-max-means-in-the-benelux-its-still-hbo-max/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="BeneluxNo2">{{cite web |url=https://press-benelux.wbd.eu/post/warner-bros-discovery-lanceert-in-juni-het-vernieuwde-hbo-max-in |title=Warner Bros. Discovery lanceert in juni het vernieuwde HBO Max in Nederland |language=nl |work=press-benelux.wbd.eu |date=March 21, 2024 |access-date=March 21, 2024 |archive-date=March 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240321194957/https://press-benelux.wbd.eu/post/warner-bros-discovery-lanceert-in-juni-het-vernieuwde-hbo-max-in |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="BeneluxNo3">{{cite web |url=https://press-benelux.wbd.eu/post/warner-bros-discovery-lanceert-op-11-juni-het-vernieuwde-hbo-max |title=Warner Bros. Discovery lanceert op 11 juni het vernieuwde HBO Max in Nederland |language=nl |work=press-benelux.wbd.eu |date=May 7, 2024 |access-date=May 7, 2024 |archive-date=May 7, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507175342/https://press-benelux.wbd.eu/post/warner-bros-discovery-lanceert-op-11-juni-het-vernieuwde-hbo-max |url-status=live}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | [[ບູນກາລີ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ກຣົວຊີ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ສາທາລະນະລັດ ເຊັກ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ຮົງກາລີ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ໂມນດາວີ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ມົງເຕເນໂກຣ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ໂຮນລັງ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ມາເຊໂດນີເໜືອ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ໂປໂລຍ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ປອກຕຸຍການ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ຣູມານີ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ແຊັກບີ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ສະໂວວາກີ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ສະໂລເວນີ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ຝຣັ່ງ]] | rowspan="2" | {{dts|2024|6|11}}{{efn|In France, the service was launched as "Max", later was rebranding to "HBO Max" on July 9, 2025.}}{{efn| The service had a pre-launch in Belgium on June 11, 2024, with French and English content, and officially launched as "HBO Max" on July 1, 2024.}} | rowspan="2" | <ref name="Europelaunch2">{{cite web |last1=Goldbart |first1=Max |last2=Merican |first2=Sara |date=May 7, 2024 |title=WBD Unveils Canal+, Amazon Deals For Max In France & Spain Along With Launch Date; Fremantle UK Finance Hire; Hong Kong Avant Garde Festival – Global Briefs |url=https://deadline.com/2024/05/max-france-launch-date-amazon-canal-plus-deals-global-briefs-1235907021/ |access-date=May 8, 2024 |website=Deadline |language=en-US |archive-date=May 8, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240508013424/https://deadline.com/2024/05/max-france-launch-date-amazon-canal-plus-deals-global-briefs-1235907021/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://press.wbd.com/us/media-release/max-now-live-and-available-stream-europe |title=Max is now live and available to stream in Europe |language=en |date=May 21, 2024 |access-date=May 21, 2024 |archive-date=May 24, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524150226/https://press.wbd.com/us/media-release/max-now-live-and-available-stream-europe |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.brusselstimes.com/1036677/hbo-max-to-launch-in-belgium-on-1-july |title=HBO Max to launch in Belgium on 1 July |first=Ellen |last=O'Regan |work=[[The Brussels Times]] |date=May 8, 2024 |access-date=May 28, 2024 |archive-date=May 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528182259/https://www.brusselstimes.com/1036677/hbo-max-to-launch-in-belgium-on-1-july |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2024/05/07/warner-bros-discovery-lanceert-vanaf-juli-nieuwe-streamingdienst/ |title=Streamingdienst HBO Max komt in juli naar België, Streamz verliest deel van aanbod |language=nl |work=VRT NWS |date=May 7, 2024 |access-date=May 7, 2024 |archive-date=May 7, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507161851/https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2024/05/07/warner-bros-discovery-lanceert-vanaf-juli-nieuwe-streamingdienst/ |url-status=live}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | [[ແບກຊິກ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ຍີ່ປຸ່ນ]] | {{dts|2024|9|25}} <small>(ຜ່ານທາງ [[U-Next]])</small>{{efn|name="Max"|The service was launched as "Max", later was rebranding to "HBO Max" on July 9, 2025.}} | <ref name="asiapacific">{{cite web |date=September 24, 2024 |title=WBD's Max Readies Rollout in Asia-Pacific |url=https://variety.com/2024/tv/news/wbd-max-asia-pacific-rollout-timetable-1236155231/ |access-date=September 24, 2024 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |language=en-US |archive-date=September 25, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240925203709/https://variety.com/2024/tv/news/wbd-max-asia-pacific-rollout-timetable-1236155231/ |url-status=live}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | [[ນູແວນເຊລັງ]] | {{dts|2024|10|30}} <small>(ຜ່ານທາງ [[Sky (New Zealand)]] ແລະ [[Neon (service)|Neon]])</small>{{efn|name="Max"}} | <ref>{{cite web |date=October 22, 2024 |title=WBD launching Max, HBO channel on Sky NZ |url=https://advanced-television.com/2024/10/22/wbd-launching-max-hbo-channel-on-sky-nz/ |access-date=October 22, 2024 |website= Advanced Television |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | [[ຮົງກົງ]] | rowspan="7" | {{dts|2024|11|19}}{{efn|name="Max"}} | rowspan="7" | <ref>{{cite web |last=Brzeski |first=Patrick |date=October 14, 2024 |title=Warner Bros. Discovery Confirms Max Launch in 7 Asian Markets in November |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/warner-bros-discovery-max-launch-date-7-asia-markets-1236032219/ |access-date=October 14, 2024 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |language=en |archive-date=November 12, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241112185832/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/warner-bros-discovery-max-launch-date-7-asia-markets-1236032219/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Sukri |first=Hazeeq |date=October 15, 2024 |title=Streaming platform Max launching in Singapore on Nov 19, will have Harry Potter, Friends and more |url=https://cnalifestyle.channelnewsasia.com/entertainment/max-warner-bros-streaming-launching-singapore-412111 |website=[[CNA (TV network)|CNA]] |access-date=October 15, 2024 |archive-date=November 2, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241102015316/https://cnalifestyle.channelnewsasia.com/entertainment/max-warner-bros-streaming-launching-singapore-412111 |url-status=live}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | [[ອິນໂດເນເຊຍ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ມາເລເຊຍ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ຟີລິບປິນ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ສິງກະໂປ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ໄຕ້ຫວັນ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ໄທ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ເກຣັກ]] | {{dts|2025|2|20}} <small>(ຜ່ານທາງ [[Vodafone Greece]])</small>{{efn|name="Max"}} | <ref>{{cite web |last=Clover |first=Julian |title=Vodafone TV partners with Warner Bros. Discovery for Max Greece launch |url=https://www.broadbandtvnews.com/2025/02/21/vodafone-tv-partners-with-warner-bros-discovery-for-max-greece-launch/ |language=en |work=Broadband TV News |date=February 21, 2025 |access-date=February 21, 2025}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | [[ອົດສະຕຣາລີ]] | {{dts|2025|3|31}}{{efn|name="Max"}} | <ref>{{cite web |last=Kay |first=Jeremy |date=February 26, 2025 |title=Max to launch in Australia on March 31|url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/max-to-launch-in-australia-on-march-31/5202411.article |website=[[Screen International|Screen Daily]] |access-date=February 26, 2025}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | [[ຕວັກກີ]] | {{dts|2025|4|15}}{{efn|name="Max"}} | <ref>{{cite web |last=Szalai |first=Georg |date=March 4, 2025 |title=Warner Bros. Discovery's Max to Launch in Turkey and Replace BluTV on April 15 |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/max-turkey-launch-april-15-blutv-warner-bros-discovery-1236154278/ |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date=March 5, 2025}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | [[ອູແກຣນ]] | {{dts|2025|6|19}} <small>(ຜ່ານທາງ [[Megogo]])</small><hr />ລະດູໃບໄມ້ຫຼົ່ນປີ 2025 <small>(ບໍລິການແບບສະແຕນອະໂລນ)</small> | <ref name="MediasatUKR">{{cite web |date=June 19, 2025 |title=HBO Max streaming platform launched in Ukraine. Launch partner — MEGOGO |url=https://mediasat.info/ru/2025/06/19/v-ukraine-nachala-rabotu-strimingovaya-platforma-hbo-max-partner-zapuska-megogo/ |website=[[Mediasat]] |access-date=June 19, 2025}}</ref><ref name="OdessaUKR">{{cite web |date=September 23, 2025 |title=HBO Max to officially launch in Ukraine |url=https://odessa-journal.com/hbo-max-to-officially-launch-in-ukraine |website=[[The Odessa Journal]] |access-date=September 24, 2025 }}{{Dead link|date=ສິງຫາ 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- | scope="row" | [[ອານມານີ]] | rowspan="12" | {{dts|2025|7|22}} | rowspan="12" | <ref name="HollywoodReporter">{{cite web |last=Szalai |first=Georg |date=June 10, 2025 |title=HBO Max to Launch in 12 Countries in July as WBD Streamer Closes in on 100 Markets (Exclusive) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/hbo-max-international-countries-launches-july-90-markets-1236231624/ |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |access-date=June 11, 2025}}</ref><ref name="CyprusLaunch">{{cite web |date=July 14, 2025 |title=HBO Max launching on Cablenet in Cyprus |url=https://cyprus-mail.com/2025/07/14/hbo-max-launching-on-cablenet-in-cyprus |website=[[CyprusMail]] |access-date=July 14, 2025}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | [[ອາກເມນີ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ໄຊປຣັດ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ແອັດສະໂຕນີ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ຊອກຊີ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ອິດສະລັງ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ກາຊັກສະຖານ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ກຽກກິດສະຖານ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ລັດເວຍ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ລິດຕົວນີ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ມານຕາ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ຕັດຈິກິດສະຖານ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ບັງກລາເທດ]] | rowspan="14" | {{dts|2025|10|15}} | rowspan="14" | <ref name="14MarketAsia">{{cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=September 16, 2025 |title=HBO Max Continues Asia Pacific Expansion With 14-Market Launch |url=https://variety.com/2025/tv/news/hbo-max-asia-pacific-expansion-1236520167/ |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=September 16, 2025}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | [[ບຣູໄນ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ກຳປູເຈຍ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ລາວ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ມາເກົາ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ມົງໂກລີ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ມຽນມາ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ເນປານ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ປາກິດສະຖານ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ປາລາອູ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ປາປົວນິວກີເນ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ຊາໂລມົງ ອິດສະແລນ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ສີລັງການ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ຕີມໍແລັດສະເຕ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ອິດສະຣາແອນ]] | {{dts|2026|1|1}} | <ref>{{cite web |last=Hatan|first=Galit |date=September 16, 2025 |title=HBO Max to launch in Israel |url=https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-hbo-max-to-launch-in-israel-1001521888 |access-date=September 17, 2025 |website=[[Globes (newspaper)|Globes]] |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | [[ໂອຕຣິດ]] | rowspan="6" | ຕົ້ນປີ 2026 (ແຜນ) | rowspan="6" | <ref>{{cite web |last=Whittock |first=Jesse |date=August 7, 2025 |title=HBO Max's Australia Debut Making Warner Bros. Discovery Bosses "Even More Bullish" On Key UK, Germany & Italy Launches |url=https://deadline.com/2025/08/hbo-max-australia-debut-uk-germany-italy-launches-1236481055/ |access-date=August 7, 2025 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | scope="row" | [[ເຢຍລະມັນ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ອຽກລັງ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ອິຕາລີ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ສະວິດ]] |- | scope="row" | [[ສະຫະລາຊະອານາຈັກ]] |} == ອ້າງອີງ == {{ລາຍການອ້າງອີງ}} eady953n7vyb8f8bme2l7m1sc5zqdke 0 24261 129806 124049 2026-08-09T01:09:36Z InternetArchiveBot 13695 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 129806 wikitext text/x-wiki {{template:ຂະຫຍາຍ}}{{Infobox language | name = ພາສາກຽກກິດ | nativename = {{lang|ky|Кыргыз тили}}<br>{{lang|ky-Latn|kyrgyz tili}}<br>{{lang|ky|{{nq|قىرعىز تىلى}}}} | image = Kyrgyz.svg | imagecaption = "ພາສາກຽກກິດ" ຂຽນໄວ້ໃນ[[ອັກສອນຊີຣິລິກ]] ແລະ [[ອັກສອນເປີໂຊ-ອາຣັບ]] | pronunciation = {{IPA|ky|qʰɯɾʁɯ́s tʰɪlɪ́|}}<br>{{IPA|ky|qʰɯɾʁɯ́st͡ɕʰɑ|}} | ethnicity = [[ຊາວກຽກກິດ]] | states = [[ປະເທດກຽກກິດສະຖານ]], [[ປະເທດອາຟະການິດສະຖານ]], [[ປະເທດທາຈິກິດສະຖານ]], [[ປະເທດປາກີສະຖານ]], [[ປະເທດຈີນ]] | speakers = {{sigfig|5.154500|3}} ລ້ານ | date = ການສຳຫຼວດປະຊາກອນປີ 2009 | ref = e26 | familycolor = Altaic | fam1 = [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] | fam2 = [[Common Turkic languages|Common Turkic]] | fam3 = [[Kipchak languages|Kipchak]] | fam4 = Kyrgyz–Kipchak | script = [[ຕົວອັກສອນກຽກກິດ]] ([[ອັກສອນຊີຣິລິກ]], [[Arabic script|ອັກສອນເປີໂຊ-ອາຣັບ]], [[Kyrgyz Braille]]) Historically, [[Old Turkic script]] | nation = {{flag|ກຽກກິດສະຖານ}}<br>{{flag|ຈີນ}} *[[Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture]] {{Collapsible list|titlestyle=font-weight:normal;background:transparent;text-align:left;|title='''ອົງການຈັດຕັ້ງ''':|{{flag|Organization of Turkic States}}<br/>[[ອົງການສົນທິສັນຍາຄວາມປອດໄພລວມ]]}} | minority = [[ອຸສເບກິສຖານ]]<br>[[ທາຈິກິດສະຖານ]] | iso1 = ky | iso2 = kir | iso3 = kir | lingua = 44-AAB-cd | notice = IPA | glotto = kirg1245 | glottorefname = Kirghiz | region = [[ອາຊີກາງ]] | map = Distribution of the Kyrgyz language.png | mapcaption = ສະຖານທີ່ມີຄົນເວົ້າພາສາກຽກກິດ | dia1 = [[Pamir Kyrgyz dialect|Pamiri Kyrgyz]] }} '''ພາສາກຽກກິດ''' ແມ່ນ[[ພາສາຕວກກີ]] (Turkic) ຂອງ[[ພາສາຄິບຊັກ|ສາຂາຄິບຊັກ]] (Kipchak) ທີ່ເວົ້າໃນ[[ອາຊີກາງ]]. ມັນເປັນພາສາທາງການຂອງ[[ປະເທດກີກີສະຖານ|ປະເທດກຽກກິດສະຖານ]]. == ອ້າງອີງ == == ລິ້ງພາຍນອກ == * [https://konyvtar.uni-pannon.hu/doktori/2023/Askarbek_Mambetaliev_dissertation.pdf ນະໂຍບາຍດ້ານພາສາ, ທັດສະນະຄະຕິ ແລະ ຄວາມເຊື່ອໃນປະເທດຄີກີສະຖານ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260804064327/https://konyvtar.uni-pannon.hu/doktori/2023/Askarbek_Mambetaliev_dissertation.pdf |date=2026-08-04 }} * [https://el-sozduk.kg/ El-Sozduk – ວັດຈະນານຸກົມອອນໄລນ໌, ປຶ້ມຄຳສັບ, ແອັບ Android ພາສາອັງກິດ-ຄີກກີຊ] * [https://www.academia.edu/27246121/Vitality_of_the_Kyrgyz_Language_in_Bishkek Ferdinand, S. & Komlósi, F. 2016. ຄວາມມີຊີວິດຊີວາຂອງພາສາ Kyrgyz ໃນ Bishkek] . IJORS, 5/2, ໜ້າ.&nbsp;210–226. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110605042652/http://www.lmp.ucla.edu/Profile.aspx?LangID=62&menu=004 ພາສາຄີກກິຊ] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070113052100/http://jnw.name/papers/2006wi-kgvowels.pdf ສະຫຼະຮາກ ແລະ ສະຫຼະຕໍ່ທ້າຍ: ຜົນກະທົບຄວາມສູງໃນສຽງສະຫຼະ Kyrgyz] * (in Japanese) "[https://web.archive.org/web/20041122163308/http://www.jica.go.jp/branch/hiro/jigyo/pdf/study_kyr.pdf 事前学習補助教材Кыргыз тили （キルギス語）] " (ບົດຝຶກຫັດ Kyrgyz; [http://web.archive.org/web/20041122163308/http://www.jica.go.jp/branch/hiro/jigyo/pdf/study_kyr.pdf ຮວບຮວມ] ) - [[Japan International Cooperation Agency|ອົງການຮ່ວມມືສາກົນຍີ່ປຸ່ນ]] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101130161232/http://sras.org/english_kyrgyz_phrasebook ປຶ້ມສຳນວນພາສາ Kyrgyz ທີ່ເວົ້າໄດ້] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080512160321/http://kyrgyz.lugovsa.net/index.htm Кыргыз тили] – ຊັບພະຍາກອນພາສາ Kyrgyz (ໃນພາສາລັດເຊຍ) * [http://translit.kerben.org/ Кербен Translit] – ງ່າຍ Kyrgyz-Cyrillic-Latin converter * [http://www.transliteration.kpr.eu/ky/ ຕົວແປງພາສາ Kyrgyz Cyrillic–Arabic–Latin] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120215014904/http://akipress.org/dic/ ວັດຈະນານຸກົມຄີກີຊ-ລັດເຊຍ-ອັງກິດ] * [http://literatura.kg/articles/?aid=620/ ຕົວອັກສອນລາຕິນ Kyrgyz] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120223055303/http://www.gaspirali.net/ky/sozluk/ ວັດຈະນານຸກົມຄີກີ-ຕຸລະກີ] * [https://pauctle.com/kgtr/ ວັດຈະນານຸກົມພາສາ Kyrgyz <> ພາສາຕຸລະກີ] (ມະຫາວິທະຍາໄລ Pamukkale) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091211052725/http://inostran.org/idiom.php?l=kyr ວັດຈະນານຸກົມພາສາລັດເຊຍ-ຄີກກີຊ] * [http://wiki.apertium.org/wiki/Kyrgyz ຄີກກີຊ - ອາເປີຕຽມ] 9c3ahjobpbyt4h22h0kwqzprmo4ntkh 0 25176 129793 2026-08-08T15:18:43Z RenWikiLA 20337 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1368347767|2026 Nonthaburi shootings]]" 129793 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ຮູບ:2026 Nonthaburi shootings CCTV.jpg|thumb|ຜູ້ກໍ່ເຫດໄດ້ຫຼົບໜີລົງມາຕາມຂັ້ນໄດຫຼັງຈາກຍິງປືນໃສ່ນັກຮຽນ ແລະ ພະນັກງານຢູ່ຊັ້ນສາມຂອງ ໂຮງຮຽນ ເທບສິລິນ ນົນທະບູລີ]] ໃນວັນທີ 7 ສິງຫາ 2026, ໄດ້ເກີດເຫດຍິງກັນຢູ່ [[ໂຮງຮຽນເທບສິຣິນ]] ໃນອຳເພີບາງກຣວຍ, [[ຈັງຫວັດນົນທະບູລີ]], [[ປະເທດໄທ]]. ນັກຮຽນ ພັດຊະຕາ ຢິ້ມເຣືອງ, ອາຍຸ 14 ປີ, ໄດ້ຍິງຄົນຕາຍຫົກຄົນ ແລະ ບາດເຈັບປະມານສາມສິບຄົນ ກ່ອນທີ່ຈະຂ້າຕົວຕາຍ. ກ່ອນການຍິງປືນ, ທ້າວ ພັດຊະຕາ ຍັງໄດ້ຍິງພໍ່ເຖົ້າ ແລະ ແມ່ເຖົ້າຂອງຕົນທີ່ອຳເພີບາງບົວທອງ. ການຍິງກັນຄັ້ງນີ້ ແມ່ນການສັງຫານໝູ່ທີ່ຮ້າຍແຮງທີ່ສຸດຂອງປະເທດ ນັບຕັ້ງແຕ່ ການສັງຫານໝູ່ທີ່ໜອງບົວລຳພູໃນປີ 2022 ທີ່ມີຜູ້ເສຍຊີວິດ 38 ຄົນ. ປະເທດໄທມີອັດຕາການເປັນເຈົ້າຂອງປືນ ທີ່ຂ້ອນຂ້າງສູງເມື່ອທຽບກັບປະເທດອື່ນໆໃນ [[ອາຊີຕາເວັນອອກສຽງໃຕ້|ອາຊີຕາເວັນອອກສ່ຽງໃຕ້]] <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 August 2026 |title=Three teachers and three students killed in Thailand school shooting |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2026/08/07/asia/thailand-school-shooting-intl-hnk |access-date=7 August 2026 |work=CNN}}</ref> ແລະ ມີເຫດການຍິງລວມໝູ່ທີ່ເກີດຂຶ້ນໃນໄລຍະມໍ່ໆມານີ້ເຊັ່ນ ການຍິງປືນທີ່ຕະຫຼາດອຕກ ໃນປີ 2025 ເຊິ່ງເຮັດໃຫ້ມີຜູ້ເສຍຊີວິດຫ້າຄົນ ແລະ ການຍິງປືນທີ່ໂຮງຮຽນຫາດໃຫຍ່ ໃນເດືອນກຸມພາ 2026 ເຊິ່ງເຮັດໃຫ້ມີຜູ້ເສຍຊີວິດໜຶ່ງຄົນ. <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 August 2026 |title=Thailand school shooting leaves at least one dead and others injured |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/cvgjnz67ymzt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260807052806/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/cvgjnz67ymzt |archive-date=7 August 2026 |access-date=7 August 2026 |work=BBC News}}</ref> <ref name="cnn">{{Cite news |date=7 August 2026 |title=Teacher killed, students wounded in school shooting in Thailand, officials say |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2026/08/07/asia/thailand-school-shooting-intl-hnk |access-date=7 August 2026 |work=CNN |language=en |agency=Reuters}}</ref> ຜູ້ກະທຳຜິດເປັນນັກຮຽນທີ່ງຽບເກັບໂຕ ແລະ ຖືກກັ່ນແກ້ງໃນໂຮງຮຽນຕະຫຼອດ. ມື້ວານກ່ອນກະທຳການຍິງປືນ, ລາວຖືກນັກຮຽນຄົນອື່ນກັກຂັງໄວ້ໃນຫ້ອງນໍ້າ. <ref name="straits">{{Cite news |date=2026-08-08 |title=Thai authorities considering beefing up school security after mass shooting |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/thai-authorities-considering-beefing-up-school-security-after-mass-shooting |access-date=2026-08-07 |work=The Straits Times |location=Bangkok}}</ref> == ອ້າງອີງ == 1c1a7rubetn412gvne26k8pkgb0vttm 129794 129793 2026-08-08T15:20:10Z RenWikiLA 20337 129794 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Current}}[[ຮູບ:2026 Nonthaburi shootings CCTV.jpg|thumb|ຜູ້ກໍ່ເຫດໄດ້ຫຼົບໜີລົງມາຕາມຂັ້ນໄດຫຼັງຈາກຍິງປືນໃສ່ນັກຮຽນ ແລະ ພະນັກງານຢູ່ຊັ້ນສາມຂອງ ໂຮງຮຽນ ເທບສິລິນ ນົນທະບູລີ]] ໃນວັນທີ 7 ສິງຫາ 2026, ໄດ້ເກີດເຫດຍິງກັນຢູ່ [[ໂຮງຮຽນເທບສິຣິນ]] ໃນອຳເພີບາງກຣວຍ, [[ຈັງຫວັດນົນທະບູລີ]], [[ປະເທດໄທ]]. ນັກຮຽນ ພັດຊະຕາ ຢິ້ມເຣືອງ, ອາຍຸ 14 ປີ, ໄດ້ຍິງຄົນຕາຍຫົກຄົນ ແລະ ບາດເຈັບປະມານສາມສິບຄົນ ກ່ອນທີ່ຈະຂ້າຕົວຕາຍ. ກ່ອນການຍິງປືນ, ທ້າວ ພັດຊະຕາ ຍັງໄດ້ຍິງພໍ່ເຖົ້າ ແລະ ແມ່ເຖົ້າຂອງຕົນທີ່ອຳເພີບາງບົວທອງ. ການຍິງກັນຄັ້ງນີ້ ແມ່ນການສັງຫານໝູ່ທີ່ຮ້າຍແຮງທີ່ສຸດຂອງປະເທດ ນັບຕັ້ງແຕ່ ການສັງຫານໝູ່ທີ່ໜອງບົວລຳພູໃນປີ 2022 ທີ່ມີຜູ້ເສຍຊີວິດ 38 ຄົນ. ປະເທດໄທມີອັດຕາການເປັນເຈົ້າຂອງປືນ ທີ່ຂ້ອນຂ້າງສູງເມື່ອທຽບກັບປະເທດອື່ນໆໃນ [[ອາຊີຕາເວັນອອກສຽງໃຕ້|ອາຊີຕາເວັນອອກສ່ຽງໃຕ້]] <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 August 2026 |title=Three teachers and three students killed in Thailand school shooting |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2026/08/07/asia/thailand-school-shooting-intl-hnk |access-date=7 August 2026 |work=CNN}}</ref> ແລະ ມີເຫດການຍິງລວມໝູ່ທີ່ເກີດຂຶ້ນໃນໄລຍະມໍ່ໆມານີ້ເຊັ່ນ ການຍິງປືນທີ່ຕະຫຼາດອຕກ ໃນປີ 2025 ເຊິ່ງເຮັດໃຫ້ມີຜູ້ເສຍຊີວິດຫ້າຄົນ ແລະ ການຍິງປືນທີ່ໂຮງຮຽນຫາດໃຫຍ່ ໃນເດືອນກຸມພາ 2026 ເຊິ່ງເຮັດໃຫ້ມີຜູ້ເສຍຊີວິດໜຶ່ງຄົນ. <ref>{{Cite news |date=7 August 2026 |title=Thailand school shooting leaves at least one dead and others injured |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/cvgjnz67ymzt |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260807052806/https://www.bbc.com/news/live/cvgjnz67ymzt |archive-date=7 August 2026 |access-date=7 August 2026 |work=BBC News}}</ref> <ref name="cnn">{{Cite news |date=7 August 2026 |title=Teacher killed, students wounded in school shooting in Thailand, officials say |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2026/08/07/asia/thailand-school-shooting-intl-hnk |access-date=7 August 2026 |work=CNN |language=en |agency=Reuters}}</ref> ຜູ້ກະທຳຜິດເປັນນັກຮຽນທີ່ງຽບເກັບໂຕ ແລະ ຖືກກັ່ນແກ້ງໃນໂຮງຮຽນຕະຫຼອດ. ມື້ວານກ່ອນກະທຳການຍິງປືນ, ລາວຖືກນັກຮຽນຄົນອື່ນກັກຂັງໄວ້ໃນຫ້ອງນໍ້າ. <ref name="straits">{{Cite news |date=2026-08-08 |title=Thai authorities considering beefing up school security after mass shooting |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/thai-authorities-considering-beefing-up-school-security-after-mass-shooting |access-date=2026-08-07 |work=The Straits Times |location=Bangkok}}</ref> == ອ້າງອີງ == 3xyn5fwcxbcyoguxeciuu548q9fcjb0 14 25177 129796 2026-08-08T15:27:15Z RenWikiLA 20337 ສ້າງໜ້າດ້ວຍ "{{Ambox | name = Current | type = notice | image = [[File:{{Ambox globe current red}}|50x40px|alt=Graphic of a globe with a red analog clock|link=]] | text = '''ໝວດນີ້ລວມບົດຄວາມທີ່ມີເນື້ອຫາກ່ຽວຂ້ອງກັບເຫດການທີ່ກຳລັງເກີດຂຶ້ນໃນປັດຈຸບັນ''' ຂໍ້ມູນອາດຈະມີການປ່ຽນແປງຢ່າ..." 129796 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Ambox | name = Current | type = notice | image = [[File:{{Ambox globe current red}}|50x40px|alt=Graphic of a globe with a red analog clock|link=]] | text = '''ໝວດນີ້ລວມບົດຄວາມທີ່ມີເນື້ອຫາກ່ຽວຂ້ອງກັບເຫດການທີ່ກຳລັງເກີດຂຶ້ນໃນປັດຈຸບັນ''' ຂໍ້ມູນອາດຈະມີການປ່ຽນແປງຢ່າງໄວວາແລະລາຍງານຂ່າວເບື້ອງຕົ້ນອາດຈະ[[Wikipedia:Reliable sources|ບໍ່ໜ້າເຊື່ອຖື]]. ການແກ້ໄຂລ້າສຸດໃນບົດຄວາມເຫຼົ່ານີ້ອາດຈະບໍ່ສະແດງຂໍ້ມູນທີ່ເປັນປັດຈຸບັນທີ່ສຸດ. ທ່ານສາມາດຊ່ວຍແກ້ໄຂບົດຄວາມ ຫຼື ສົນທະນາກ່ຽວກັບການປ່ຽນແປງໜ້າເຫຼົ່ານີ້ໄດ້, '''ແຕ່ກະລຸນາກວດສອບ ຖ້າການແກ້ໄຂທີ່ບໍ່ຖືກຕ້ອງ ຫຼື [[ວິກິພີເດຍ:ຕ້ອງການອ້າງອີງ|ບໍ່ມີການອ້າງອິງຂໍ້ມູນ]] ການແກ້ໄຂນັ້ນຈະຖືກລົບ'''. }} pypsleythn1a78f0o3dyq5wmhdfeo1b 129797 129796 2026-08-08T15:28:59Z RenWikiLA 20337 129797 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Ambox | name = Current | type = notice | image = [[File:{{Ambox globe current red}}|50x40px|alt=Graphic of a globe with a red analog clock|link=]] | text = <big>'''ໝວດນີ້ລວມບົດຄວາມທີ່ມີເນື້ອຫາກ່ຽວຂ້ອງກັບເຫດການທີ່ກຳລັງເກີດຂຶ້ນໃນປັດຈຸບັນ'''</big><br>ຂໍ້ມູນອາດຈະມີການປ່ຽນແປງຢ່າງໄວວາແລະລາຍງານຂ່າວເບື້ອງຕົ້ນອາດຈະ[[Wikipedia:Reliable sources|ບໍ່ໜ້າເຊື່ອຖື]]. ການແກ້ໄຂລ້າສຸດໃນບົດຄວາມເຫຼົ່ານີ້ອາດຈະບໍ່ສະແດງຂໍ້ມູນທີ່ເປັນປັດຈຸບັນທີ່ສຸດ. ທ່ານສາມາດຊ່ວຍແກ້ໄຂບົດຄວາມ ຫຼື ສົນທະນາກ່ຽວກັບການປ່ຽນແປງໜ້າເຫຼົ່ານີ້ໄດ້, '''ແຕ່ກະລຸນາກວດສອບ ຖ້າການແກ້ໄຂທີ່ບໍ່ຖືກຕ້ອງ ຫຼື [[ວິກິພີເດຍ:ຕ້ອງການອ້າງອີງ|ບໍ່ມີການອ້າງອິງຂໍ້ມູນ]] ການແກ້ໄຂນັ້ນຈະຖືກລົບ'''. }} 6v05zlcw3uriuym829tc4umyvk8vd9l 129798 129797 2026-08-08T15:29:32Z RenWikiLA 20337 RenWikiLA ຍ້າຍໜ້າ [[ໝວດ:Current events]] ໄປ [[ໝວດ:ເຫດການປັດຈຸບັນ]]: ປ່ຽນຊື່ 129797 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Ambox | name = Current | type = notice | image = [[File:{{Ambox globe current red}}|50x40px|alt=Graphic of a globe with a red analog clock|link=]] | text = <big>'''ໝວດນີ້ລວມບົດຄວາມທີ່ມີເນື້ອຫາກ່ຽວຂ້ອງກັບເຫດການທີ່ກຳລັງເກີດຂຶ້ນໃນປັດຈຸບັນ'''</big><br>ຂໍ້ມູນອາດຈະມີການປ່ຽນແປງຢ່າງໄວວາແລະລາຍງານຂ່າວເບື້ອງຕົ້ນອາດຈະ[[Wikipedia:Reliable sources|ບໍ່ໜ້າເຊື່ອຖື]]. ການແກ້ໄຂລ້າສຸດໃນບົດຄວາມເຫຼົ່ານີ້ອາດຈະບໍ່ສະແດງຂໍ້ມູນທີ່ເປັນປັດຈຸບັນທີ່ສຸດ. ທ່ານສາມາດຊ່ວຍແກ້ໄຂບົດຄວາມ ຫຼື ສົນທະນາກ່ຽວກັບການປ່ຽນແປງໜ້າເຫຼົ່ານີ້ໄດ້, '''ແຕ່ກະລຸນາກວດສອບ ຖ້າການແກ້ໄຂທີ່ບໍ່ຖືກຕ້ອງ ຫຼື [[ວິກິພີເດຍ:ຕ້ອງການອ້າງອີງ|ບໍ່ມີການອ້າງອິງຂໍ້ມູນ]] ການແກ້ໄຂນັ້ນຈະຖືກລົບ'''. }} 6v05zlcw3uriuym829tc4umyvk8vd9l 14 25178 129799 2026-08-08T15:29:32Z RenWikiLA 20337 RenWikiLA ຍ້າຍໜ້າ [[ໝວດ:Current events]] ໄປ [[ໝວດ:ເຫດການປັດຈຸບັນ]]: ປ່ຽນຊື່ 129799 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[:ໝວດ:ເຫດການປັດຈຸບັນ]] djj1yq2z3e2kw06bj53scbv2wjj54xh 10 25179 129801 2026-08-08T15:51:29Z RenWikiLA 20337 ສ້າງໜ້າດ້ວຍ "{{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= {{Ambox | name = AI-generated | subst = <includeonly>{{subst:substcheck}}</includeonly> | small = {{{small|}}} | type = content | image = [[File:OOjs UI icon robot.svg|40px|class=skin-invert|alt=icon]] | class = ambox-ai-generated | issue = {{#if:{{{partial|}}}|ບາງສ່ວນຂອງ|}} {{#if:{{{section|}}}|ພາກນີ້|{{{1|ບົດຄວາມນີ້}}}}}'''{{yesno|{{{certain|}}}..." 129801 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= {{Ambox | name = AI-generated | subst = <includeonly>{{subst:substcheck}}</includeonly> | small = {{{small|}}} | type = content | image = [[File:OOjs UI icon robot.svg|40px|class=skin-invert|alt=icon]] | class = ambox-ai-generated | issue = {{#if:{{{partial|}}}|ບາງສ່ວນຂອງ|}} {{#if:{{{section|}}}|ພາກນີ້|{{{1|ບົດຄວາມນີ້}}}}}'''{{yesno|{{{certain|}}}|no=ອາດຈະມີ|yes=ມີ}}ຂໍ້ຄວາມທີ່ສ້າງດ້ວຍລະບົບປັນຍາປະດິດ (AI, LLM), ເຊິ່ງ[[WP:LLM|ຖືກຫ້າມໃນວິກິພີເດຍ]]'''. | fix = {{#if:{{{plural|}}}|ເນື້ອຫາດັ່ງກ່າວ|ເນື້ອຫານີ້}}ອາດມີ[[Hallucination (artificial intelligence)|ຂໍ້ມູນທີ່ຕັ້ງໃຈຂຽນຜິດ (AI ປະສາດຫຼອນ)]], [[WP:COPYVIO|ການລະເມີດລິຂະສິດ]], ຂໍ້ຄວາມທີ່ບໍ່ໄດ້ຮັບການຢັ້ງຢືນຈາກແຫຼ່ງອ້າງອີງ, ການຄົ້ນຄວ້າຕົ້ນສະບັບ, ຫຼື[[WP:Fictitious references|ການອ້າງອີງທີ່ບໍ່ມີຢູ່ຈິງ]]. ເນື້ອຫາດັ່ງກ່າວຄວນ[{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} ຖືກລຶບອອກ]. {{#if:{{{reason|}}}|ເຫດຜົນທີ່ໃຫ້ໄວ້ແມ່ນ: '''{{{reason}}}'''}} | removalnotice = yes | cat = Articles containing suspected AI-generated texts | date = {{{date|}}} | all = }} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 1hihrrfyeno3a69byckdn411a8qrm6q 129802 129801 2026-08-08T15:54:13Z RenWikiLA 20337 129802 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= {{Ambox | name = AI-generated | subst = <includeonly>{{subst:substcheck}}</includeonly> | small = {{{small|}}} | type = content | image = [[File:OOjs UI icon robot.svg|40px|class=skin-invert|alt=icon]] | class = ambox-ai-generated | issue = {{#if:{{{partial|}}}|ບາງສ່ວນຂອງ|}} {{#if:{{{section|}}}|ພາກນີ້|{{{1|ບົດຄວາມນີ້}}}}}'''{{yesno|{{{certain|}}}|no=ອາດຈະມີ|yes=ມີ}}ຂໍ້ຄວາມທີ່ສ້າງດ້ວຍລະບົບປັນຍາປະດິດ (AI, LLM), ເຊິ່ງ[[WP:LLM|ຖືກຫ້າມໃນວິກິພີເດຍ]]'''. | fix = {{#if:{{{plural|}}}|ເນື້ອຫາດັ່ງກ່າວ|ເນື້ອຫານີ້}}ອາດມີ[[Hallucination (artificial intelligence)|ຂໍ້ມູນທີ່ປັນຍາປະດິດບໍ່ໄດ້ຕັ້ງໃຈຂຽນຜິດ (ຫຼື ປະສາດຫຼອນ)]], ການລະເມີດລິຂະສິດ, ຂໍ້ຄວາມທີ່ບໍ່ໄດ້ຮັບການຢັ້ງຢືນຈາກແຫຼ່ງອ້າງອີງ, ການຄົ້ນຄວ້າຕົ້ນສະບັບ, ຫຼື[[WP:Fictitious references|ການອ້າງອີງທີ່ບໍ່ມີຢູ່ຈິງ]]. ເນື້ອຫາດັ່ງກ່າວຄວນ[{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} ຖືກລຶບອອກ]. {{#if:{{{reason|}}}|ເຫດຜົນທີ່ໃຫ້ໄວ້ແມ່ນ: '''{{{reason}}}'''}} | removalnotice = yes | cat = Articles containing suspected AI-generated texts | date = {{{date|}}} | all = }} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> ady4kgh88lqdhrg7yowmvtdwdon3ukz 129811 129802 2026-08-09T08:02:03Z RenWikiLA 20337 129811 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{|safesubst:}}}#invoke:Unsubst||date=__DATE__ |$B= {{Ambox | name = AI-generated | subst = <includeonly>{{subst:substcheck}}</includeonly> | small = {{{small|}}} | type = content | image = [[File:OOjs UI icon robot.svg|40px|class=skin-invert|alt=icon]] | class = ambox-ai-generated | issue = {{#if:{{{partial|}}}|ບາງສ່ວນຂອງ|}} {{#if:{{{section|}}}|ພາກນີ້|{{{1|ບົດຄວາມນີ້}}}}}'''{{yesno|{{{certain|}}}|no=ອາດຈະມີ|yes=ມີ}}ຂໍ້ຄວາມທີ່ສ້າງດ້ວຍລະບົບປັນຍາປະດິດ (AI, LLM), ເຊິ່ງ[[WP:LLM|ຖືກຫ້າມໃນວິກິພີເດຍ]]'''. | fix = {{#if:{{{plural|}}}|ເນື້ອຫາດັ່ງກ່າວ|ເນື້ອຫານີ້}}ອາດມີ[[Hallucination (artificial intelligence)|ຂໍ້ມູນທີ່ປັນຍາປະດິດໄດ້ປັ້ນແຕ່ງຂຶ້ນມາເອງ]], ການລະເມີດລິຂະສິດ, ຂໍ້ຄວາມທີ່ບໍ່ໄດ້ຮັບການຢັ້ງຢືນຈາກແຫຼ່ງອ້າງອີງ, ຫຼື[[WP:Fictitious references|ການອ້າງອີງທີ່ບໍ່ມີຢູ່ຈິງ]]. ເນື້ອຫາດັ່ງກ່າວຄວນ[{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} ຖືກລຶບອອກ]. {{#if:{{{reason|}}}|ເຫດຜົນທີ່ໃຫ້ໄວ້ແມ່ນ: '''{{{reason}}}'''}} | removalnotice = yes | cat = Articles containing suspected AI-generated texts | date = {{{date|}}} | all = }} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> mn518o6qe2g2ult4xajurj5ps638m7q