ວິກິພີເດຍ lowiki https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%9C%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%BC%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.16 first-letter ສື່ ພິເສດ ສົນທະນາ ຜູ້ໃຊ້ ສົນທະນາຂອງຜູ້ໃຊ້ ວິກິພີເດຍ ສົນທະນາກ່ຽວກັບວິກິພີເດຍ ຮູບ ສົນທະນາກ່ຽວກັບຮູບ ມີເດຍວິກິ ສົນທະນາກ່ຽວກັບມີເດຍວິກິ ແມ່ແບບ ສົນທະນາກ່ຽວກັບແມ່ແບບ ຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອ ສົນທະນາກ່ຽວກັບຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອ ໝວດ ສົນທະນາກ່ຽວກັບໝວດ TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 6133 130091 104307 2026-08-20T19:43:35Z InternetArchiveBot 13695 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 130091 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ແປ}} ຊຸດຈຳນວນແມ່ນຜົນບວກລວມຂອງອັນດັບຈຳນວນໃດໜຶ່ງ. '''Finite sequences and series''' have defined first and last terms, whereas '''infinite sequences and series''' continue indefinitely.<ref>p 264 '''[[Jan Gullberg]]:''' ''Mathematics: from the birth of numbers,'' W.W. Norton, 1997, ISBN 0-393-04002-X</ref> In [[mathematics]], given an [[infinite set|infinite]] [[sequence]] of numbers {&nbsp;''a''_''n''&nbsp;}, a '''series''' is informally the result of adding all those terms together: ''a''₁&nbsp;+&nbsp;''a''₂&nbsp;+&nbsp;''a''₃&nbsp;+&nbsp;·&nbsp;·&nbsp;·. These can be written more compactly using the [[summation]] symbol ∑. An example is the famous series from [[Zeno's paradoxes#Proposed solutions|Zeno's dichotomy]]: :<math>\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{2^n} = \frac{1}{2}+ \frac{1}{4}+ \frac{1}{8}+\cdots.</math> The terms of the series are often produced according to a certain rule, such as by a [[formula]], or by an [[algorithm]]. As there are an infinite number of terms, this notion is often called an '''infinite series'''. Unlike finite summations, infinite series need tools from [[mathematical analysis]] to be fully understood and manipulated. In addition to their ubiquity in mathematics, infinite series are also widely used in other quantitative disciplines such as physics and computer science. ==Basic properties== === ຄໍານິຍາມ === For any [[sequence]] <math>\{a_n\}</math> of [[rational numbers]], [[real numbers]], [[complex numbers]], [[Function (mathematics)|functions]] thereof, etc., the associated '''series''' is defined as the ordered [[formal sum]] :<math>\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}a_n = a_0 + a_1 + a_2 + \cdots </math>. The '''sequence of partial sums''' <math>\{S_k\}</math> associated to a sequence <math>\{a_n\}</math> is defined for each <math>k</math> as the sum of the sequence <math>\{a_n\}</math> from <math>a_0</math> to <math>a_k</math> :<math>S_k = \sum_{n=0}^{k}a_n = a_0 + a_1 + \cdots + a_k</math>. By definition the series <math>\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} a_n</math> '''converges''' to a limit <math>L</math> if and only if the associated sequence of partial sums <math>S_k</math> [[Limit_of_a_sequence#Formal_definition|converges]] to <math>L</math>. This definition is usually written as :<math>L = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}a_n \Leftrightarrow L = \lim_{k \rightarrow \infty} S_k</math>. More generally, if <math>I \xrightarrow{a} G</math> is a [[Function_(mathematics)|function]] from an [[index set]] I to a set G, then the '''series''' associated to <math>a</math> is the [[formal sum]] of the elements <math>a(x) \in G </math> over the index elements <math>x \in I</math> denoted by :<math>\sum_{x \in I} a(x)</math>. When the index set is the natural numbers <math>I=\mathbb{N}</math>, the function <math>\mathbb{N} \xrightarrow{a} G</math> is a [[sequence]] denoted by <math>a(n)=a_n</math>. A series indexed on the natural numbers is an ordered formal sum and so we rewrite <math>\sum_{n \in \mathbb{N}}</math> as <math>\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}</math> in order to emphasize the ordering induced by the natural numbers. Thus, we obtain the common notation for a series indexed by the natural numbers :<math>\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} a_n = a_0 + a_1 + a_2 + \cdots</math>. When the set <math>G</math> is a [[semigroup]], the '''sequence of partial sums''' <math>\{S_k\} \subset G</math> associated to a sequence <math>\{a_n\} \subset G</math> is defined for each <math>k</math> as the sum of the sequence <math>\{a_n\}</math> from <math>a_0</math> to <math>a_k</math> :<math>S_k = \sum_{n=0}^{k}a_n = a_0 + a_1 + \cdots + a_k</math>. When the semigroup <math>G</math> is also a [[topological space]], then the series <math>\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} a_n</math> '''converges''' to an element <math>L \in G</math> if and only if the associated sequence of partial sums <math>\{S_k\}</math> [[Limit_of_a_sequence#Formal_definition|converges]] to <math>L</math>. This definition is usually written as :<math>L = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} a_n \Leftrightarrow L = \lim_{k \rightarrow \infty} S_k </math>. ===Convergent series=== A series&thinsp; ∑''a_n''&thinsp; is said to '[[Convergent series|'''converge''']]' or to 'be convergent' when the sequence ''S''_''N'' of partial sums has a finite [[Limit of a sequence|limit]]. If the limit of ''S''_''N'' is infinite or does not exist, the series is said to [[Divergent series|'''diverge''']]. When the limit of partial sums exists, it is called the '''sum of the series''' : <math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty a_n = \lim_{N\to\infty} S_N = \lim_{N\to\infty} \sum_{n=0}^N a_n.</math> An easy way that an infinite series can converge is if all the ''a''_''n'' are zero for ''n'' sufficiently large. Such a series can be identified with a finite sum, so it is only infinite in a trivial sense. Working out the properties of the series that converge even if infinitely many terms are non-zero is the essence of the study of series. Consider the example :<math> 1 + \frac{1}{2}+ \frac{1}{4}+ \frac{1}{8}+\cdots+ \frac{1}{2^n}+\cdots.</math> It is possible to "visualize" its convergence on the [[real number|real number line]]: we can imagine a line of length 2, with successive segments marked off of lengths 1, ½, ¼, etc. There is always room to mark the next segment, because the amount of line remaining is always the same as the last segment marked: when we have marked off ½, we still have a piece of length ½ unmarked, so we can certainly mark the next&nbsp;¼. This argument does not prove that the sum is ''equal'' to 2 (although it is), but it does prove that it is ''at most''&nbsp;2. In other words, the series has an upper bound. Proving that the series is equal to 2 requires only elementary algebra, however. If the series is denoted ''S'', it can be seen that :<math>S/2 = \frac{1+ \frac{1}{2}+ \frac{1}{4}+ \frac{1}{8}+\cdots}{2} = \frac{1}{2}+ \frac{1}{4}+ \frac{1}{8}+ \frac{1}{16} +\cdots</math> Therefore, :<math>S-S/2 = 1 \Rightarrow S = 2.\,\!</math> Mathematicians extend the idiom discussed earlier to other, equivalent notions of series. For instance, when we talk about a [[Repeating decimal|recurring decimal]], as in :<math>x = 0.111\dots \, </math> we are talking, in fact, just about the series :<math>\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{10^n}</math> But since these series always converge to [[real numbers]] (because of what is called the [[Complete space|completeness property]] of the real numbers), to talk about the series in this way is the same as to talk about the numbers for which they stand. In particular, it should offend no sensibilities if we make no distinction between 0.111… and ¹/₉. Less clear is the argument that {{nowrap|1=9 &times; 0.111&hellip; = 0.999&hellip; = 1}}, but it is not untenable when we consider that we can formalize the proof knowing only that limit laws preserve the arithmetic operations. See [[0.999...]] for more. ===Examples=== * A ''[[geometric series]]'' is one where each successive term is produced by multiplying the previous term by a [[Mathematical constant|constant number]]. Example: ::<math>1 + {1 \over 2} + {1 \over 4} + {1 \over 8} + {1 \over 16} + \cdots=\sum_{n=0}^\infty{1 \over 2^n}.</math> :In general, the geometric series ::<math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty z^n</math> :converges [[if and only if]] |''z''| < 1. * The ''[[harmonic series (mathematics)|harmonic series]]'' is the series ::<math>1 + {1 \over 2} + {1 \over 3} + {1 \over 4} + {1 \over 5} + \cdots =\sum_{n=1}^\infty {1 \over n}.</math> :The harmonic series is [[harmonic series (mathematics)#Divergence|divergent]]. * An ''[[alternating series]]'' is a series where terms alternate signs. Example: ::<math>1 - {1 \over 2} + {1 \over 3} - {1 \over 4} + {1 \over 5} - \cdots =\sum_{n=1}^\infty (-1)^{n+1} {1 \over n}=\ln(2).</math> *The p-series ::<math>\sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{1}{n^r}</math> :converges if ''r'' > 1 and diverges for ''r'' ≤ 1, which can be shown with the integral criterion described below in [[Series (mathematics)#Convergence tests|convergence tests]]. As a function of ''r'', the sum of this series is [[Riemann zeta function|Riemann's zeta function]]. *A [[telescoping series]] ::<math>\sum_{n=1}^\infty (b_n-b_{n+1})</math> :converges if the [[sequence]] ''b''_''n'' converges to a limit ''L'' as ''n'' goes to infinity. The value of the series is then ''b''₁ &minus; ''L''. === Calculus and partial summation as an operation on sequences === Observe that partial summation takes as input a sequence, {&nbsp;''a''_''n''&nbsp;}, and gives as output another sequence, {&nbsp;''S''_''N''&nbsp;} – partial summation is thus a [[unary operation]] on sequences. Further, this function is [[linear function|linear]], and thus is a [[linear operator]] on the vector space of sequences, denoted Σ. The inverse operator is the [[finite difference]] operator, Δ. These behave as discrete analogs of [[integral|integration]] and [[derivative|differentiation]], only for series (functions of a natural number) instead of functions of a real variable. For example, the sequence {1, 1, 1, ...} has series {1, 2, 3, 4, ...} as its partial summation, which is analogous to the fact that <math>\int_0^x 1\,dt = x.</math> In [[computer science]] it is known as [[prefix sum]]. == Properties of series == Series are classified not only by whether they converge or diverge, but also by the properties of the terms a_n (absolute or conditional convergence); type of convergence of the series (pointwise, uniform); the class of the term a_n (whether it is a real number, arithmetic progression, trigonometric function); etc. ===Non-negative terms=== When ''a_n'' is a non-negative real number for every ''n'', the sequence ''S_N'' of partial sums is non-decreasing. It follows that a series ∑''a_n'' with non-negative terms converges if and only if the sequence ''S_N'' of partial sums is bounded. For example, the series :<math>\sum_{n \ge 1} \frac{1}{n^2}</math> is convergent, because the inequality :<math>\frac1 {n^2} \le \frac{1}{n-1} - \frac{1}{n}, \quad n \ge 2,</math> and a telescopic sum argument implies that the partial sums are bounded by 2. ===Absolute convergence=== {{Main|Absolute convergence}} A series :<math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty a_n</math> is said to '''converge absolutely''' if the series of [[absolute value]]s :<math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \left|a_n\right|</math> converges. It can be proved that this is sufficient to make not only the original series converge to a limit, but also for any reordering of it to converge to the same limit. ===Conditional convergence=== {{Main|Conditional convergence}} A series of real or complex numbers is said to be '''conditionally convergent''' (or '''semi-convergent''') if it is convergent but not absolutely convergent. A famous example is the alternating series :<math>\sum\limits_{n=1}^\infty {(-1)^{n+1} \over n} = 1 - {1 \over 2} + {1 \over 3} - {1 \over 4} + {1 \over 5} - \cdots</math> which is convergent (and its sum is equal to&nbsp;ln&nbsp;2), but the series formed by taking the absolute value of each term is the divergent [[Harmonic series (mathematics)|harmonic series]]. The [[Riemann series theorem]] says that any conditionally convergent series can be reordered to make a divergent series, and moreover, if the ''a''_''n'' are real and ''S'' is any real number, that one can find a reordering so that the reordered series converges with sum equal to&nbsp;''S''. [[Abel's test]] is an important tool for handling semi-convergent series. If a series has the form :<math>\sum a_n = \sum \lambda_n b_n</math> where the partial sums ''B''_''N''&nbsp;= {{nowrap|''b''₀ + &middot;&middot;&middot; + ''b_n''}} are bounded, ''λ''_''n'' has bounded variation, and {{nowrap|lim &lambda;_''n''&thinsp;''B''_''n''}} exists: :<math>\sup_N \Bigl| \sum_{n=0}^N b_n \Bigr| < \infty, \ \ \sum |\lambda_{n+1} - \lambda_n| < \infty\ \text{and} \ \lambda_n B_n \ \text{converges,}</math> then the series {{nowrap|∑&thinsp;''a_n''}} is convergent. This applies to the pointwise convergence of many trigonometric series, as in :<math>\sum_{n=2}^\infty \frac{\sin(n x)}{\ln n}</math> with 0&nbsp;< ''x''&nbsp;< 2π. Abel's method consists in writing ''b''_''n''+1&nbsp;= ''B''_''n''+1&nbsp;&minus; ''B''_''n'', and in performing a transformation similar to [[integration by parts]] (called [[summation by parts]]), that relates the given series {{nowrap|∑&thinsp;''a_n''}} to the absolutely convergent series :<math> \sum (\lambda_n - \lambda_{n+1}) \, B_n.</math> ==Convergence tests == {{Main|Convergence tests}} * ''[[n-th term test]]'': If lim<sub>''n''→∞</sup> ''a''_''n''&nbsp;≠ 0 then the series diverges. *[[Comparison test]] 1: If ∑''b_n''&nbsp; is an [[absolute convergence|absolutely convergent]] series such that |''a_n''&nbsp;|&nbsp;≤ ''C''&nbsp;|''b_n''&nbsp;| for some number ''C''&thinsp; and for sufficiently large ''n''&nbsp;, then ∑''a_n''&thinsp; converges absolutely as well. If ∑|''b_n''&nbsp;| diverges, and |''a_n''&nbsp;|&nbsp;≥ |''b_n''&nbsp;| for all sufficiently large ''n''&nbsp;, then ∑''a_n''&thinsp; also fails to converge absolutely (though it could still be conditionally convergent, e.g. if the ''a_n''&nbsp; alternate in sign). *[[Comparison test]] 2: If ∑''b_n''&thinsp; is an absolutely convergent series such that |''a_n+1''&nbsp;/''a_n''&nbsp;|&nbsp;≤ |''b_n+1''&nbsp;/''b_n''&nbsp;| for sufficiently large ''n''&nbsp;, then ∑''a_n''&thinsp; converges absolutely as well. If ∑|''b_n''&nbsp;| diverges, and |''a_n+1''&nbsp;/''a_n''&nbsp;|&nbsp;≥ |''b_n+1''&nbsp;/''b_n''&nbsp;| for all sufficiently large ''n''&nbsp;, then ∑''a_n''&thinsp; also fails to converge absolutely (though it could still be conditionally convergent, e.g. if the ''a_n''&thinsp; alternate in sign). *[[Ratio test]]: If there exists a constant ''C''&nbsp;< 1 such that |''a''_''n''+1/''a''_''n''|<''C'' for all sufficiently large&nbsp;''n'', then ∑''a''_''n'' converges absolutely. When the ratio is less than 1, but not less than a constant less than 1, convergence is possible but this test does not establish it. *[[Root test]]: If there exists a constant ''C''&nbsp;< 1 such that |''a''_''n''|^1/''n''&nbsp;≤ ''C'' for all sufficiently large&nbsp;''n'', then ∑''a''_''n'' converges absolutely. *[[Integral test for convergence|Integral test]]: if ''ƒ''(''x'') is a positive [[monotone decreasing]] function defined on the [[interval (mathematics)|interval]] <nowiki>[</nowiki>1, ∞<nowiki>)</nowiki><!--DO NOT "FIX" THE "TYPO" IN THE FOREGOING. IT IS INTENDED TO SAY [...) WITH A SQUARE BRACKET ON THE LEFT AND A ROUND BRACKET ON THE RIGHT. --> with ''ƒ''(''n'')&nbsp;= ''a''_''n'' for all&nbsp;''n'', then ∑''a''_''n'' converges if and only if the [[integral]]&thinsp; ∫₁^∞&nbsp;''ƒ''(''x'')&nbsp;d''x'' is finite. *[[Cauchy's condensation test]]: If ''a''_''n'' is non-negative and non-increasing, then the two series&thinsp; ∑''a''_''n''&thinsp; and&thinsp; ∑2^''k''''a''_(2^''k'') are of the same nature: both convergent, or both divergent. *[[Alternating series test]]: A series of the form ∑(&minus;1)^''n''&nbsp;''a''_''n'' (with ''a''_''n''&nbsp;≥ 0) is called ''alternating''. Such a series converges if the [[sequence]] ''a''_''n'' is [[monotone decreasing]] and converges to&nbsp;0. The converse is in general not true. *For some specific types of series there are more specialized convergence tests, for instance for [[Fourier series]] there is the [[Dini test]]. ==Series of functions== {{Main|Function series}} A series of real- or complex-valued functions :<math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty f_n(x)</math> '''[[Pointwise convergence|converges pointwise]]''' on a set ''E'', if the series converges for each ''x'' in ''E'' as an ordinary series of real or complex numbers. Equivalently, the partial sums :<math>s_N(x) = \sum_{n=0}^N f_n(x)</math> converge to ''ƒ''(''x'') as ''N''&nbsp;→&nbsp;∞ for each ''x''&nbsp;∈&nbsp;''E''. A stronger notion of convergence of a series of functions is called '''[[uniform convergence]]'''. The series converges uniformly if it converges pointwise to the function ''ƒ''(''x''), and the error in approximating the limit by the ''N''th partial sum, :<math>|s_N(x) - f(x)|\ </math> can be made minimal ''independently'' of ''x'' by choosing a sufficiently large ''N''. Uniform convergence is desirable for a series because many properties of the terms of the series are then retained by the limit. For example, if a series of continuous functions converges uniformly, then the limit function is also continuous. Similarly, if the ''ƒ''_''n'' are [[integral|integrable]] on a closed and bounded interval ''I'' and converge uniformly, then the series is also integrable on ''I'' and can be integrated term-by-term. Tests for uniform convergence include the [[Weierstrass M-test|Weierstrass' M-test]], [[Abel's uniform convergence test]], [[Dini's test]]<!-- , and the [[Cauchy criterion]]: this is not about convergence of functions, even less about uniform convergence. -->. More sophisticated types of convergence of a series of functions can also be defined. In [[measure theory]], for instance, a series of functions converges [[almost everywhere]] if it converges pointwise except on a certain set of [[null set|measure zero]]. Other [[modes of convergence]] depend on a different [[metric space]] structure on the space of functions under consideration. For instance, a series of functions '''converges in mean''' on a set ''E'' to a limit function ''ƒ'' provided :<math>\int_E \left|s_N(x)-f(x)\right|^2\,dx \to 0</math> as ''N''&nbsp;→&nbsp;∞. ===Power series === :{{Main|Power series}} Many functions can be represented as [[Taylor series]]; these are infinite series involving powers of the independent variable and are also called '''power series'''. For example, the series :<math>\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{x^n}{n!}</math> converges to <math>e^x</math> for all ''x''. In general, a power series is any series of the form :<math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty a_n(x-c)^n.</math> Unless it converges only at ''x''=''c'', such a series converges on a certain open disc of convergence centered at the point ''c'' in the complex plane, and may also converge at some of the points of the boundary of the disc. The radius of this disc is known as the [[radius of convergence]], and can in principle be determined from the asymptotics of the coefficients ''a''_''n''. The convergence is uniform on [[closed set|closed]] and [[bounded set|bounded]] (that is, [[compact set|compact]]) subsets of the interior of the disc of convergence: to wit, it is [[Compact convergence|uniformly convergent on compact sets]]. Historically, mathematicians such as [[Leonhard Euler]] operated liberally with infinite series, even if they were not convergent. When calculus was put on a sound and correct foundation in the nineteenth century, rigorous proofs of the convergence of series were always required. However, the formal operation with non-convergent series has been retained in rings of [[formal power series]] which are studied in [[abstract algebra]]. Formal power series are also used in [[combinatorics]] to describe and study [[sequence]]s that are otherwise difficult to handle; this is the method of [[generating function]]s. ===Laurent series=== {{Main|Laurent series}} Laurent series generalize power series by admitting terms into the series with negative as well as positive exponents. A Laurent series is thus any series of the form :<math>\sum_{n=-\infty}^\infty a_n x^n.</math> If such a series converges, then in general it does so in an [[annulus (mathematics)|annulus]] rather than a disc, and possibly some boundary points. The series converges uniformly on compact subsets of the interior of the annulus of convergence. ===Dirichlet series=== :{{Main|Dirichlet series}} A [[Dirichlet series]] is one of the form :<math>\sum_{n=1}^\infty {a_n \over n^s},</math> where ''s'' is a [[complex number]]. For example, if all ''a''_''n'' are equal to 1, then the Dirichlet series is the [[Riemann zeta function]] :<math>\zeta(s) = \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{n^s}.</math> Like the zeta function, Dirichlet series in general play an important role in [[analytic number theory]]. Generally a Dirichlet series converges if the real part of ''s'' is greater than a number called the abscissa of convergence. In many cases, a Dirichlet series can be extended to an [[analytic function]] outside the domain of convergence by [[analytic continuation]]. For example, the Dirichlet series for the zeta function converges absolutely when Re&nbsp;''s''&nbsp;> 1, but the zeta function can be extended to a holomorphic function defined on <math>\mathbf{C}\setminus\{1\}</math>&thinsp; with a simple [[pole (complex analysis)|pole]] at&nbsp;1. This series can be directly generalized to [[general Dirichlet series]]. ===Trigonometric series=== {{Main|Trigonometric series}} A series of functions in which the terms are [[trigonometric function]]s is called a '''trigonometric series''': :<math>\tfrac12 A_0 + \sum_{n=1}^\infty \left(A_n\cos nx + B_n \sin nx\right).</math> The most important example of a trigonometric series is the [[Fourier series]] of a function. == History of the theory of infinite series == ===Development of infinite series=== [[Greek mathematics|Greek]] mathematician [[Archimedes]] produced the first known summation of an infinite series with a method that is still used in the area of calculus today. He used the [[method of exhaustion]] to calculate the [[area]] under the arc of a [[parabola]] with the summation of an infinite series, and gave a remarkably accurate approximation of [[Pi|&pi;]].<ref>{{cite web | title = A history of calculus |author=O'Connor, J.J. and Robertson, E.F. | publisher = [[University of St Andrews]]| url = http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/The_rise_of_calculus.html |month= February | year= 1996|accessdate= 2007-08-07}}</ref><ref>[http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/custom/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=EJ502088&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=EJ502088 Archimedes and Pi-Revisited.]</ref> The idea of an [[finite set|infinite]] series expansion of a function was conceived in [[Indian mathematics|India]] by [[Madhava of Sangamagrama|Madhava]] of the [[Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics]] in the 14th century, who also developed precursors to the modern concepts of the [[power series]], the [[Taylor series]], the [[Maclaurin series]], rational approximations of infinite series, and infinite [[continued fraction]]s. He discovered a number of infinite series, including the [[Taylor series]] of the [[trigonometric function]]s of [[sine]], [[cosine]], [[tangent (trigonometric function)|tangent]] and [[arctangent]], the Taylor series approximations of the sine and cosine functions, and the [[power series]] of the [[radius]], [[diameter]], [[circumference]], angle [[θ]], [[π]] and π/4. His students and followers in the Kerala School further expanded his works with various other series expansions and approximations, until the 16th century{{Citation needed|date=August 2009}}. In the 17th century, [[James Gregory (astronomer and mathematician)|James Gregory]] worked in the new [[decimal]] system on infinite series and published several [[Maclaurin series]]. In 1715, a general method for constructing the [[Taylor series]] for all functions for which they exist was provided by [[Brook Taylor]]. [[Leonhard Euler]] in the 18th century, developed the theory of [[hypergeometric series]]{{Disambiguation needed|date=June 2011}} and [[q-series]]. ===Convergence criteria=== The study of the [[convergent series|convergence]] criteria of a series began with [[Madhava of Sangamagrama|Madhava]] in the 14th century, who developed [[Integral test for convergence|tests of convergence]] of infinite series, which his followers further developed at the Kerala school{{Citation needed|date=August 2009}}. In Europe, however, the investigation of the validity of infinite series is considered to begin with [[Carl Friedrich Gauss|Gauss]] in the 19th century. Euler had already considered the hypergeometric series :<math>1 + \frac{\alpha\beta}{1\cdot\gamma}x + \frac{\alpha(\alpha+1)\beta(\beta+1)}{1 \cdot 2 \cdot \gamma(\gamma+1)}x^2 + \cdots</math> on which Gauss published a memoir in 1812. It established simpler criteria of convergence, and the questions of remainders and the range of convergence. [[Cauchy]] (1821) insisted on strict tests of convergence; he showed that if two series are convergent their product is not necessarily so, and with him begins the discovery of effective criteria. The terms ''convergence'' and ''divergence'' had been introduced long before by [[James Gregory (astronomer and mathematician)|Gregory]] (1668). [[Leonhard Euler]] and [[Carl Friedrich Gauss|Gauss]] had given various criteria, and [[Colin Maclaurin]] had anticipated some of Cauchy's discoveries. Cauchy advanced the theory of [[power series]] by his expansion of a complex [[function (mathematics)|function]] in such a form. [[Niels Henrik Abel|Abel]] (1826) in his memoir on the [[binomial series]] :<math>1 + \frac{m}{1}x + \frac{m(m-1)}{2!}x^2 + \cdots</math> corrected certain of Cauchy's conclusions, and gave a completely scientific summation of the series for complex values of <math>m</math> and <math>x</math>. He showed the necessity of considering the subject of continuity in questions of convergence. Cauchy's methods led to special rather than general criteria, and the same may be said of [[Joseph Ludwig Raabe|Raabe]] (1832), who made the first elaborate investigation of the subject, of [[Augustus De Morgan|De Morgan]] (from 1842), whose logarithmic test [[Paul du Bois-Reymond|DuBois-Reymond]] (1873) and [[Alfred Pringsheim|Pringsheim]] (1889) have shown to fail within a certain region; of [[Joseph Louis François Bertrand|Bertrand]] (1842), [[Pierre Ossian Bonnet|Bonnet]] (1843), [[Carl Johan Malmsten|Malmsten]] (1846, 1847, the latter without integration); [[George Gabriel Stokes|Stokes]] (1847), [[Paucker]] (1852), [[Chebyshev]] (1852), and [[Arndt]] (1853). General criteria began with [[Ernst Kummer|Kummer]] (1835), and have been studied by [[Gotthold Eisenstein|Eisenstein]] (1847), [[Weierstrass]] in his various contributions to the theory of functions, [[Ulisse Dini|Dini]] (1867), DuBois-Reymond (1873), and many others. Pringsheim's memoirs (1889) present the most complete general theory. ===Uniform convergence=== The theory of [[uniform convergence]] was treated by Cauchy (1821), his limitations being pointed out by Abel, but the first to attack it successfully were [[Philipp Ludwig von Seidel|Seidel]] and [[George Gabriel Stokes|Stokes]] (1847-48). Cauchy took up the problem again (1853), acknowledging Abel's criticism, and reaching the same conclusions which Stokes had already found. Thomae used the doctrine (1866), but there was great delay in recognizing the importance of distinguishing between uniform and non-uniform convergence, in spite of the demands of the theory of functions. ===Semi-convergence=== A series is said to be semi-convergent (or conditionally convergent) if it is convergent but not [[absolute convergence|absolutely convergent]]. Semi-convergent series were studied by Poisson (1823), who also gave a general form for the remainder of the Maclaurin formula. The most important solution of the problem is due, however, to Jacobi (1834), who attacked the question of the remainder from a different standpoint and reached a different formula. This expression was also worked out, and another one given, by [[Carl Johan Malmsten|Malmsten]] (1847). [[Schlömilch]] (''Zeitschrift'', Vol.I, p.&nbsp;192, 1856) also improved Jacobi's remainder, and showed the relation between the remainder and [[Faulhaber's formula|Bernoulli's function]] :<math>F(x) = 1^n + 2^n + \cdots + (x - 1)^n.\,</math> [[Angelo Genocchi|Genocchi]] (1852) has further contributed to the theory. Among the early writers was [[Josef Hoene-Wronski|Wronski]], whose "loi suprême" (1815) was hardly recognized until [[Arthur Cayley|Cayley]] (1873) brought it into prominence. ===Fourier series=== [[Fourier series]] were being investigated as the result of physical considerations at the same time that Gauss, Abel, and Cauchy were working out the theory of infinite series. Series for the expansion of sines and cosines, of multiple arcs in powers of the sine and cosine of the arc had been treated by [[Jacob Bernoulli]] (1702) and his brother [[Johann Bernoulli]] (1701) and still earlier by [[Franciscus Vieta|Vieta]]. Euler and [[Joseph Louis Lagrange|Lagrange]] simplified the subject, as did [[Louis Poinsot|Poinsot]], [[Karl Schröter|Schröter]], [[James Whitbread Lee Glaisher|Glaisher]], and [[Ernst Kummer|Kummer]]. Fourier (1807) set for himself a different problem, to expand a given function of ''x'' in terms of the sines or cosines of multiples of ''x'', a problem which he embodied in his ''[[Théorie analytique de la chaleur]]'' (1822). Euler had already given the formulas for determining the coefficients in the series; Fourier was the first to assert and attempt to prove the general theorem. [[Siméon Denis Poisson|Poisson]] (1820-23) also attacked the problem from a different standpoint. Fourier did not, however, settle the question of convergence of his series, a matter left for [[Augustin Louis Cauchy|Cauchy]] (1826) to attempt and for Dirichlet (1829) to handle in a thoroughly scientific manner (see [[convergence of Fourier series]]). Dirichlet's treatment (''[[Crelle]]'', 1829), of trigonometric series was the subject of criticism and improvement by Riemann (1854), Heine, [[Rudolf Lipschitz|Lipschitz]], [[Ludwig Schläfli|Schläfli]], and [[Paul du Bois-Reymond|du Bois-Reymond]]. Among other prominent contributors to the theory of trigonometric and Fourier series were [[Ulisse Dini|Dini]], [[Charles Hermite|Hermite]], [[Georges Henri Halphen|Halphen]], Krause, Byerly and [[Paul Émile Appell|Appell]]. == Generalizations == ===Asymptotic series=== [[Asymptotic series]], otherwise [[asymptotic expansion]]s, are infinite series whose partial sums become good approximations in the limit of some point of the domain. In general they do not converge. But they are useful as sequences of approximations, each of which provides a value close to the desired answer for a finite number of terms. The difference is that an asymptotic series cannot be made to produce an answer as exact as desired, the way that convergent series can. In fact, after a certain number of terms, a typical [[asymptotic series]] reaches its best approximation; if more terms are included, most such series will produce worse answers. ===Divergent series=== {{Main|Divergent series}} Under many circumstances, it is desirable to assign a limit to a series which fails to converge in the usual sense. A [[summability method]] is such an assignment of a limit to a subset of the set of divergent series which properly extends the classical notion of convergence. Summability methods include [[Cesàro summation]], (''C'',''k'') summation, [[Abel summation]], and [[Borel summation]], in increasing order of generality (and hence applicable to increasingly divergent series). A variety of general results concerning possible summability methods are known. The [[Silverman–Toeplitz theorem]] characterizes ''matrix summability methods'', which are methods for summing a divergent series by applying an infinite matrix to the vector of coefficients. The most general method for summing a divergent series is non-constructive, and concerns [[Banach limit]]s. ===Series in Banach spaces=== The notion of series can be easily extended to the case of a [[Banach space]]. If ''x''_''n'' is a sequence of elements of a Banach space ''X'', then the series Σ''x''_''n'' converges to ''x''&nbsp;∈&nbsp;''X'' if the sequence of partial sums of the series tends to ''x''; to wit, :<math>\biggl\|x - \sum_{n=0}^N x_n\biggr\|\to 0</math> as ''N''&nbsp;→&nbsp;∞. More generally, convergence of series can be defined in any [[abelian group|abelian]] [[Hausdorff space|Hausdorff]] [[topological group]]. Specifically, in this case, Σ''x''_''n'' converges to ''x'' if the sequence of partial sums converges to ''x''. === Summations over arbitrary index sets === Definitions may be given for sums over an arbitrary index set ''I''. There are two main differences with the usual notion of series: first, there is no specific order given on the set ''I''; second, this set ''I'' may be uncountable. ==== Families of non-negative numbers ==== When summing a family {''a''_''i''}, ''i''&nbsp;∈ ''I'', of non-negative numbers, one may define :<math>\sum_{i\in I}a_i = \sup \Bigl\{ \sum_{i\in A}a_i\,\big| A \text{ finite, } A \subset I\Bigr\} \in [0, +\infty].</math> When the sum is finite, the set of ''i''&nbsp;∈ ''I'' such that ''a_i''&nbsp;> 0 is countable. Indeed for every ''n''&nbsp;≥ 1, the set <math>\scriptstyle A_n = \{ i \in I \,:\, a_i > 1/n \}</math> is finite, because :<math> \frac 1 n \, \textrm{card}(A_n) \le \sum_{i\in A_n} a_i \le \sum_{i\in I}a_i < \infty.</math> If ''I''&thinsp; is countably infinite and enumerated as ''I''&nbsp;= {''i''₀, ''i''₁,...} then the above defined sum satisfies :<math>\sum_{i \in I} a_i = \sum_{k=0}^{+\infty} a_{i_k},</math> provided the value ∞ is allowed for the sum of the series. Any sum over non-negative reals can be understood as the integral of a non-negative function with respect to the [[counting measure]], which accounts for the many similarities between the two constructions. ==== Abelian topological groups ==== Let ''a''&nbsp;: ''I'' → ''X'', where ''I''&thinsp; is any set and ''X''&thinsp; is an [[abelian group|abelian]] [[Hausdorff space|Hausdorff]] [[topological group]]. Let ''F''&thinsp; be the collection of all [[finite set|finite]] [[subset]]s of ''I''. Note that ''F''&thinsp; is a [[directed set]] [[Partially ordered set|ordered]] under [[inclusion (mathematics)|inclusion]] with [[union (set theory)|union]] as [[join (mathematics)|join]]. Define the sum ''S''&thinsp; of the family ''a'' as the limit :<math> S = \sum_{i\in I}a_i = \lim \Bigl\{\sum_{i\in A}a_i\,\big| A\in F\Bigr\}</math> if it exists and say that the family ''a'' is unconditionally summable. Saying that the sum ''S''&thinsp; is the limit of finite partial sums means that for every neighborhood ''V''&thinsp; of 0 in ''X'', there is a finite subset ''A''₀ of ''I''&thinsp; such that :<math>S - \sum_{i \in A} a_i \in V, \quad A \supset A_0.</math> Because ''F''&thinsp; is not [[total order|totally ordered]], this is not a [[limit of a sequence]] of partial sums, but rather of a [[net (mathematics)|net]]. For every ''W'', neighborhood of 0 in ''X'', there is a smaller neighborhood ''V''&thinsp; such that ''V''&nbsp;&minus; ''V''&nbsp;⊂ ''W''. It follows that the finite partial sums of an unconditionally summable family ''a_i'', ''i''&nbsp;∈ ''I'', form a ''Cauchy net'', that is: for every ''W'', neighborhood of 0 in ''X'', there is a finite subset ''A''₀ of ''I''&thinsp; such that :<math>\sum_{i \in A_1} a_i - \sum_{i \in A_2} a_i \in W, \quad A_1, A_2 \supset A_0.</math> When ''X''&thinsp; is [[Complete metric space|complete]], a family ''a'' is unconditionally summable in ''X''&thinsp; if and only if the finite sums satisfy the latter Cauchy net condition. When ''X''&thinsp; is complete and ''a_i'', ''i''&nbsp;∈ ''I'', is unconditionally summable in ''X'', then for every subset ''J''&nbsp;⊂ ''I'', the corresponding subfamily ''a_j'', ''j''&nbsp;∈ ''J'', is also unconditionally summable in ''X''. When the sum of a family of non-negative numbers, in the extended sense defined before, is finite, then it coincides with the sum in the topological group ''X''&nbsp;=&nbsp;'''R'''. If a family ''a'' in ''X''&thinsp; is unconditionally summable, then for every ''W'', neighborhood of 0 in ''X'', there is a finite subset ''A''₀ of ''I''&thinsp; such that ''a''_''i''&nbsp;∈ ''W''&thinsp; for every ''i'' not in ''A''₀. If ''X''&thinsp; is [[first-countable space|first-countable]], it follows that the set of ''i''&nbsp;∈ ''I''&thinsp; such that ''a_i''&nbsp;≠ 0 is countable. This need not be true in a general abelian topological group (see examples below). ==== Unconditionally convergent series ==== Suppose that ''I''&nbsp;= '''N'''. If a family ''a''_''n'', ''n''&nbsp;∈ '''N''', is unconditionally summable in an abelian Hausdorff topological group ''X'', then the series in the usual sense converges and has the same sum, :<math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty a_n = \sum_{n \in \mathbf{N}} a_n.</math> By nature, the definition of unconditional summability is insensitive to the order of the summation. When ∑''a''_''n'' is unconditionally summable, then the series remains convergent after any permutation ''σ'' of the set '''N''' of indices, with the same sum, :<math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty a_{\sigma(n)} = \sum_{n=0}^\infty a_n.</math> It can be proved that the converse holds: is a series ∑''a''_''n'' converges after any permutation, then it is unconditionally convergent. When ''X''&thinsp; is complete, then unconditional convergence is also equivalent to the fact that all subseries are convergent; if ''X''&thinsp; is a Banach space, this is equivalent to say that for every sequence of signs ''ε''_''n''&nbsp;= 1 or &minus;1, the series :<math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \varepsilon_n a_n</math> converges in ''X''. If ''X''&thinsp; is a Banach space, then one may define the notion of absolute convergence. A series ∑''a''_''n'' of vectors in ''X''&thinsp; converges absolutely if :<math> \sum_{n \in \mathbf{N}} \|a_n\| < +\infty.</math> If a series of vectors in a Banach space converges absolutely then it converges unconditionally, but the converse only holds in finite dimensional Banach spaces (theorem of {{harvtxt|Dvoretzky|Rogers|1950}}). ==== Well-ordered sums ==== Conditionally convergent series can be considered if ''I'' is a [[well-ordered]] set, for example an [[ordinal number]] ''α''₀. One may define by [[transfinite recursion]]: :<math>\sum_{\beta < \alpha + 1} a_\beta = a_{\alpha} + \sum_{\beta < \alpha} a_\beta\,\!</math> and for a limit ordinal ''α'', :<math>\sum_{\beta < \alpha} a_\beta = \lim_{\gamma\to\alpha} \sum_{\beta < \gamma} a_\beta</math> if this limit exists. If all limits exist up to ''α''₀, then the series converges. ==== Examples ==== <ol> <li> Given a function ''f''&nbsp;: ''X''→''Y'', with ''Y'' an abelian topological group, define for every ''a''&nbsp;∈&nbsp;''X'' :<math>f_a(x)= \begin{cases} 0 & x\neq a, \\ f(a) & x=a, \\ \end{cases} </math> a function whose [[support (mathematics)|support]] is a [[Singleton (mathematics)|singleton]] {''a''}. Then :<math>f=\sum_{a \in X}f_a</math> in the [[topology of pointwise convergence]] (that is, the sum is taken in the infinite product group ''Y''^''X''&nbsp;). </li> <li> In the definition of [[partitions of unity]], one constructs sums of functions over arbitrary index set ''I'', :<math> \sum_{i \in I} \varphi_i(x) = 1.</math> While, formally, this requires a notion of sums of uncountable series, by construction there are, for every given ''x'', only finitely many nonzero terms in the sum, so issues regarding convergence of such sums do not arise. Actually, one usually assumes more: the family of functions is ''locally finite'', ''i.e.'', for every ''x'' there is a neighborhood of ''x'' in which all but a finite number of functions vanish. Any regularity property of the ''φ_i'',&thinsp; such as continuity, differentiability, that is preserved under finite sums will be preserved for the sum of any subcollection of this family of functions. </li> <li> On the [[first uncountable ordinal]] ω₁ viewed as a topological space in the [[order topology]], the constant function ''f'': [0,ω₁) → [0,ω₁] given by ''f''(α) = 1 satisfies :<math>\sum_{\alpha\in[0,\omega_1)}f(\alpha) = \omega_1</math> (in other words, ω₁ copies of 1 is ω₁) only if one takes a limit over all ''countable'' partial sums, rather than finite partial sums. This space is not separable. </li> </ol> == See also == *[[Convergent series]] *[[Convergence tests]] *[[Sequence transformation]] *[[Infinite product]] *[[Infinite expression (mathematics)|Infinite expression]] *[[Continued fraction]] *[[Iterated binary operation]] *[[List of mathematical series]] *[[Prefix sum]] *[[Taylor series|Series expansion]] == Notes == {{reflist}} == References == * [[Thomas John I'Anson Bromwich|Bromwich, T.J.]] ''An Introduction to the Theory of Infinite Series'' MacMillan & Co. 1908, revised 1926, reprinted 1939, 1942, 1949, 1955, 1959, 1965. * {{cite journal | doi = 10.1073/pnas.36.3.192 | last1 = Dvoretzky | first1 = Aryeh | last2 = Rogers | first2 = C.&nbsp;Ambrose | title = Absolute and unconditional convergence in normed linear spaces | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_proceedings-of-the-national-academy-of-sciences-usa_1950-03_36_3/page/192 | journal = Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.&nbsp;S.&nbsp;A. | volume = 36 | issue = 3 | year = 1950 | pages = 192&ndash;197 }} {{MathSciNet|id=0033975}} ==External links== {{Commons category|Series (mathematics)}} * [http://www.boutichesaid.cv.dz/Series/ConvergentSeries.htm Graphical simulation of series convergence] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081024234404/http://www.boutichesaid.cv.dz/Series/ConvergentSeries.htm |date=2008-10-24 }} * [http://www.exampleproblems.com/wiki/index.php/Calculus#Series_of_Real_Numbers Many example problems on series, with solutions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081106131402/http://www.exampleproblems.com/wiki/index.php/Calculus#Series_of_Real_Numbers |date=2008-11-06 }} * [http://www.math.odu.edu/~bogacki/citat/series/index.html Infinite Series Tutorial] {{DEFAULTSORT:Series (Mathematics)}} [[Category:Calculus]] [[Category:Mathematical series| ]] s43iiclox18bkftlevxvb3id3m34w1u 828 7423 130131 100260 2026-08-21T06:44:18Z Khomphoi28 15846 130131 Scribunto text/plain --[[ This module provides a number of basic mathematical operations. ]] local yesno, getArgs -- lazily initialized local p = {} -- Holds functions to be returned from #invoke, and functions to make available to other Lua modules. local wrap = {} -- Holds wrapper functions that process arguments from #invoke. These act as intemediary between functions meant for #invoke and functions meant for Lua. --[[ Helper functions used to avoid redundant code. ]] local function err(msg) -- Generates wikitext error messages. return mw.ustring.format('<strong class="error">Formatting error: %s</strong>', msg) end local function unpackNumberArgs(args) -- Returns an unpacked list of arguments specified with numerical keys. local ret = {} for k, v in pairs(args) do if type(k) == 'number' then table.insert(ret, v) end end return unpack(ret) end local function makeArgArray(...) -- Makes an array of arguments from a list of arguments that might include nils. local args = {...} -- Table of arguments. It might contain nils or non-number values, so we can't use ipairs. local nums = {} -- Stores the numbers of valid numerical arguments. local ret = {} for k, v in pairs(args) do v = p._cleanNumber(v) if v then nums[#nums + 1] = k args[k] = v end end table.sort(nums) for i, num in ipairs(nums) do ret[#ret + 1] = args[num] end return ret end local function fold(func, ...) -- Use a function on all supplied arguments, and return the result. The function must accept two numbers as parameters, -- and must return a number as an output. This number is then supplied as input to the next function call. local vals = makeArgArray(...) local count = #vals -- The number of valid arguments if count == 0 then return -- Exit if we have no valid args, otherwise removing the first arg would cause an error. nil, 0 end local ret = table.remove(vals, 1) for _, val in ipairs(vals) do ret = func(ret, val) end return ret, count end --[[ Fold arguments by selectively choosing values (func should return when to choose the current "dominant" value). ]] local function binary_fold(func, ...) local value = fold((function(a, b) if func(a, b) then return a else return b end end), ...) return value end --[[ random Generate a random number Usage: {{#invoke: Math | random }} {{#invoke: Math | random | maximum value }} {{#invoke: Math | random | minimum value | maximum value }} ]] function wrap.random(args) local first = p._cleanNumber(args[1]) local second = p._cleanNumber(args[2]) return p._random(first, second) end function p._random(first, second) math.randomseed(mw.site.stats.edits + mw.site.stats.pages + os.time() + math.floor(os.clock() * 1000000000)) -- math.random will throw an error if given an explicit nil parameter, so we need to use if statements to check the params. if first and second then if first <= second then -- math.random doesn't allow the first number to be greater than the second. return math.random(first, second) end elseif first then return math.random(first) else return math.random() end end --[[ order Determine order of magnitude of a number Usage: {{#invoke: Math | order | value }} ]] function wrap.order(args) local input_string = (args[1] or args.x or '0'); local input_number = p._cleanNumber(input_string); if input_number == nil then return err('order of magnitude input appears non-numeric') else return p._order(input_number) end end function p._order(x) if x == 0 then return 0 end return math.floor(math.log10(math.abs(x))) end --[[ precision Detemines the precision of a number using the string representation Usage: {{ #invoke: Math | precision | value }} ]] function wrap.precision(args) local input_string = (args[1] or args.x or '0'); local trap_fraction = args.check_fraction; if not yesno then yesno = require('Module:Yesno') end if yesno(trap_fraction, true) then -- Returns true for all input except nil, false, "no", "n", "0" and a few others. See [[Module:Yesno]]. local pos = string.find(input_string, '/', 1, true); if pos ~= nil then if string.find(input_string, '/', pos + 1, true) == nil then local denominator = string.sub(input_string, pos+1, -1); local denom_value = tonumber(denominator); if denom_value ~= nil then return math.log10(denom_value); end end end end local _, clean_string = p._cleanNumber(input_string); if clean_string == nil then return err('precision input appears non-numeric') else return p._precision(clean_string) end end function p._precision(x) if type(x) == 'number' then x = tostring(x) end local result = 0; --subtract exponent local _, _, coefficient, exponent = x:find("^(.*)[eE](.*)$") if coefficient then result = result - (tonumber(exponent) or 0) x = coefficient end --add decimal places local i, j = x:find('%..*$') if i then result = result + (j - i) return result end --subtract trailing zeroes i, j = x:find('[^0]0+$') if i then result = result - (j - i) end return result end --[[ max Finds the maximum argument Usage: {{#invoke:Math| max | value1 | value2 | ... }} Note, any values that do not evaluate to numbers are ignored. ]] function wrap.max(args) return p._max(unpackNumberArgs(args)) end function p._max(...) local max_value = binary_fold((function(a, b) return a > b end), ...) if max_value then return max_value end end --[[ median Find the median of set of numbers Usage: {{#invoke:Math | median | number1 | number2 | ...}} OR {{#invoke:Math | median }} ]] function wrap.median(args) return p._median(unpackNumberArgs(args)) end function p._median(...) local vals = makeArgArray(...) local count = #vals table.sort(vals) if count == 0 then return 0 end if p._mod(count, 2) == 0 then return (vals[count/2] + vals[count/2+1])/2 else return vals[math.ceil(count/2)] end end --[[ min Finds the minimum argument Usage: {{#invoke:Math| min | value1 | value2 | ... }} OR {{#invoke:Math| min }} When used with no arguments, it takes its input from the parent frame. Note, any values that do not evaluate to numbers are ignored. ]] function wrap.min(args) return p._min(unpackNumberArgs(args)) end function p._min(...) local min_value = binary_fold((function(a, b) return a < b end), ...) if min_value then return min_value end end --[[ sum Finds the sum Usage: {{#invoke:Math| sum | value1 | value2 | ... }} OR {{#invoke:Math| sum }} Note, any values that do not evaluate to numbers are ignored. ]] function wrap.sum(args) return p._sum(unpackNumberArgs(args)) end function p._sum(...) local sums = fold((function(a, b) return a + b end), ...) if not sums then return 0 else return sums end end --[[ average Finds the average Usage: {{#invoke:Math| average | value1 | value2 | ... }} OR {{#invoke:Math| average }} Note, any values that do not evaluate to numbers are ignored. ]] function wrap.average(args) return p._average(unpackNumberArgs(args)) end function p._average(...) local sum, count = fold((function(a, b) return a + b end), ...) if not sum then return 0 else return sum / count end end --[[ round Rounds a number to specified precision Usage: {{#invoke:Math | round | value | precision }} --]] function wrap.round(args) local value = p._cleanNumber(args[1] or args.value or 0) local precision = p._cleanNumber(args[2] or args.precision or 0) if value == nil or precision == nil then return err('round input appears non-numeric') else return p._round(value, precision) end end function p._round(value, precision) local rescale = math.pow(10, precision or 0); return math.floor(value * rescale + 0.5) / rescale; end --[[ log10 returns the log (base 10) of a number Usage: {{#invoke:Math | log10 | x }} ]] function wrap.log10(args) return math.log10(args[1]) end --[[ mod Implements the modulo operator Usage: {{#invoke:Math | mod | x | y }} --]] function wrap.mod(args) local x = p._cleanNumber(args[1]) local y = p._cleanNumber(args[2]) if not x then return err('first argument to mod appears non-numeric') elseif not y then return err('second argument to mod appears non-numeric') else return p._mod(x, y) end end function p._mod(x, y) local ret = x % y if not (0 <= ret and ret < y) then ret = 0 end return ret end --[[ gcd Calculates the greatest common divisor of multiple numbers Usage: {{#invoke:Math | gcd | value 1 | value 2 | value 3 | ... }} --]] function wrap.gcd(args) return p._gcd(unpackNumberArgs(args)) end function p._gcd(...) local function findGcd(a, b) local r = b local oldr = a while r ~= 0 do local quotient = math.floor(oldr / r) oldr, r = r, oldr - quotient * r end if oldr < 0 then oldr = oldr * -1 end return oldr end local result = fold(findGcd, ...) return result end --[[ precision_format Rounds a number to the specified precision and formats according to rules originally used for {{template:Rnd}}. Output is a string. Usage: {{#invoke: Math | precision_format | number | precision }} ]] function wrap.precision_format(args) local value_string = args[1] or 0 local precision = args[2] or 0 return p._precision_format(value_string, precision) end function p._precision_format(value_string, precision) -- For access to Mediawiki built-in formatter. local lang = mw.getContentLanguage(); local value value, value_string = p._cleanNumber(value_string) precision = p._cleanNumber(precision) -- Check for non-numeric input if value == nil or precision == nil then return err('invalid input when rounding') end local abs_value = math.abs(value) local current_precision = p._precision(value) local order = p._order(value) -- Due to round-off effects it is neccesary to limit the returned precision under -- some circumstances because the terminal digits will be inaccurately reported. if order + precision >= 14 then if order + p._precision(value_string) >= 14 then precision = 13 - order; end end -- If rounding off, truncate extra digits if precision < current_precision then value = p._round(value, precision) abs_value = math.abs(value) current_precision = p._precision(value) end local formatted_num = lang:formatNum(abs_value) -- Handle cases requiring scientific notation if math.abs(order) >= 9 or string.find(formatted_num, 'E', 1, true) then value = value * (10 ^ (-order)) abs_value = math.abs(value) current_precision = current_precision + order precision = precision + order formatted_num = lang:formatNum(abs_value) else order = 0; end -- Use proper unary minus sign rather than ASCII default formatted_num = ((value < 0) and '−' or '') .. formatted_num -- Pad with zeros, if needed if current_precision < precision then local padding if current_precision <= 0 then if precision > 0 then local zero_sep = lang:formatNum(1.1) formatted_num = formatted_num .. zero_sep:sub(2,2) padding = precision if padding > 20 then padding = 20 end formatted_num = formatted_num .. string.rep('0', padding) end else padding = precision - current_precision if padding > 20 then padding = 20 end formatted_num = formatted_num .. string.rep('0', padding) end end -- Add exponential notation, if necessary. if order ~= 0 then -- Use proper unary minus sign rather than ASCII default if order < 0 then order = '−' .. lang:formatNum(math.abs(order)) else order = lang:formatNum(order) end formatted_num = formatted_num .. '<span style="margin:0 .15em 0 .25em">×</span>10^{' .. order .. '}' end return formatted_num end --[[ divide Implements the division operator Usage: {{#invoke:Math | divide | x | y | round= | precision= }} --]] function wrap.divide(args) local x = args[1] local y = args[2] local round = args.round local precision = args.precision if not yesno then yesno = require('Module:Yesno') end return p._divide(x, y, yesno(round), precision) end function p._divide(x, y, round, precision) if y == nil or y == "" then return err("Empty divisor") elseif not tonumber(y) then if type(y) == 'string' and string.sub(y, 1, 1) == '<' then return y else return err("Not a number: " .. y) end elseif x == nil or x == "" then return err("Empty dividend") elseif not tonumber(x) then if type(x) == 'string' and string.sub(x, 1, 1) == '<' then return x else return err("Not a number: " .. x) end else local z = x / y if round then return p._round(z, 0) elseif precision then return p._round(z, precision) else return z end end end --[[ Helper function that interprets the input numerically. If the input does not appear to be a number, attempts evaluating it as a parser functions expression. ]] function p._cleanNumber(number_string, unformat) if type(number_string) == 'number' then -- We were passed a number, so we don't need to do any processing. return number_string, tostring(number_string) elseif type(number_string) ~= 'string' or not number_string:find('%S') then -- We were passed a non-string or a blank string, so exit. return nil, nil; end -- Attempt basic conversion local number = tonumber(number_string) -- If failed, try unformatting the number_string if unformat and number == nil then -- Cannot use mw.language.getContentLanguage():parseFormattedNumber() -- because, unlike {{formatnum:|R}}, it won't ignore operators (it -- would return an error on "1,234+1,234" instead of "1234+1234") number_string = mw.getCurrentFrame():callParserFunction("formatnum", {number_string, "R"}) number = tonumber(number_string) end -- If failed, attempt to evaluate input as an expression if number == nil then local success, result = pcall(mw.ext.ParserFunctions.expr, number_string) if success then number = tonumber(result) number_string = tostring(number) else number = nil number_string = nil end else number_string = number_string:match("^%s*(.-)%s*$") -- String is valid but may contain padding, clean it. number_string = number_string:match("^%+(.*)$") or number_string -- Trim any leading + signs. if number_string:find('^%-?0[xX]') then -- Number is using 0xnnn notation to indicate base 16; use the number that Lua detected instead. number_string = tostring(number) end end return number, number_string end --[[ Wrapper function that does basic argument processing. This ensures that all functions from #invoke can use either the current frame or the parent frame, and it also trims whitespace for all arguments and removes blank arguments. ]] local mt = { __index = function(_, k) return function(frame) if not getArgs then getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs end return wrap[k](getArgs(frame)) -- Argument processing is left to Module:Arguments. Whitespace is trimmed and blank arguments are removed. end end } return setmetatable(p, mt) f4r823qxvpkct3eikmvj99wyjq9cjkm 0 7754 130089 129719 2026-08-20T19:39:56Z InternetArchiveBot 13695 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 130089 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|ປະເທດໃນເອີຣົບເໜືອ}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = ສາທາລະນະລັດ ແຟງລັງ | common_name = ແຟງລັງ | native_name = {{ubl|{{lang|fi|Suomen Tasavalta}} {{small|{{fi icon}}}}|{{lang|sv|Republiken Finland}} {{small|{{sv icon}}}}}} | image_flag = Flag of Finland.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Finland.svg | national_anthem = <br />{{native name|fi|[[ມາມເມະ]]|nolink=yes}}<br />{{native name|sv|[[ມາມເມະ|ໂວດລັນ]]|nolink=yes}}<br /><div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">[[File:United States Navy Band - Maamme.ogg|center]]</div> | image_map = {{Switcher|[[File:EU-Finland (orthographic projection).svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|ສະແດງລູກໂລກ|[[File:EU-Finland.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|ສະແດງທະວີບເອີຣົບ|default=2}} | map_caption = {{map caption|location_color=ຂຽວເຂັ້ມ |region=ເອີຣົບ |region_color=ເທົາເຂັ້ມ |subregion=[[ສະຫະພາບເອີຣົບ]] |subregion_color=ຂຽວ |legend=EU-Finland.svg}} | capital = [[ເຮວຊິນກິ]] | coordinates = {{Coord|60|10|N|24|56|E|type:city}} | largest_city = ເມືອງຫຼວງ | official_languages = {{hlist|[[ພາສາແຟງລັງ|ແຟງລັງ]]|[[ພາສາຊູແອດ|ຊູແອດ]]}} | recognized_national_languages = {{hlist|[[ພາສາຊາມີ|ຊາມີ]]|[[Karelian language|Karelian]]|[[Finnish Kalo language|Finnish Kalo]]|[[ພາສາມືແຟງລັງ|ມືແຟງລັງ]]|[[ພາສາມືແຟງລັງ-ຊູແອດ|ມືແຟງລັງ-ຊູແອດ]]}} | ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list |91.98% [[ຊາວແຟງລັງ|ແຟງລັງ]] |4.15% ຊາວ[[ເອີຣົບ]]ກຸ່ມອື່ນ |2.40% [[ຊາວອາຊີ|ອາຊີ]] |1.04% [[African diaspora in Finland|ອາຟຣິກາ]] |0.43% [[Demographics of Finland|ອື່ນໆ]] }} | ethnic_groups_year = 2020 | ethnic_groups_ref =<ref name="auto">{{cite web |url=https://pxnet2.stat.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/en/StatFin/StatFin__vrm__vaerak/statfin_vaerak_pxt_11rv.px/ |title=11rv -- Origin and background country by sex, by municipality, 1990-2020 |publisher=[[Statistics Finland]] |access-date=21 August 2021 |archive-date=2022-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601225051/https://pxnet2.stat.fi/PXWeb/pxweb/en/StatFin/StatFin__vrm__vaerak/statfin_vaerak_pxt_11rv.px/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="un">{{cite web|url=http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/data/estimates2/estimates17.shtml|title=United Nations Population Division &#124; Department of Economic and Social Affairs|publisher=United Nations|access-date=29 June 2018}}</ref> | religion = {{ublist |item_style=white-space:nowrap; |69.8% [[ຄຣິດ]] |—67.8% [[Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland|ລູເທີແລນ]] |—1.1% [[Finnish Orthodox Church|ອໍໂທດັອກຊ໌]] |—0.9% ຄຣິດນິກາຍອື່ນໆ |29.4% [[ການບໍ່ມີສາສະໜາ|ບໍ່ມີ]] |0.8% [[ສາສະໜາໃນປະເທດແຟງລັງ|ອື່ນໆ]]}} | religion_year = 2020 | religion_ref =<ref name=statistics>{{cite web|title=Population|url=http://tilastokeskus.fi/tup/suoluk/suoluk_vaesto_en.html#structure|publisher=Statistics Finland|access-date=5 April 2021|archive-date=18 ຕຸລາ 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018134205/http://www.tilastokeskus.fi/tup/suoluk/suoluk_vaesto_en.html#structure|url-status=dead}}</ref> | government_type = [[ລັດດ່ຽວ]] [[ສາທາລະນະລັດ]][[ລະບົບລັດຖະສະພາ]]<ref name="Parliamentary">Formerly a semi-presidential republic, it is now a parliamentary republic according to David Arter, First Chair of Politics at Aberdeen University. In his "Scandinavian Politics Today" (Manchester University Press, revised 2008 {{ISBN|978-0-7190-7853-8}}), he quotes {{Cite journal |last=Nousiainen |first=Jaakko |date=June 2001 |title=From semi-presidentialism to parliamentary government: political and constitutional developments in Finland |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_scandinavian-political-studies_2001-06_24_2/page/95 |journal=[[Scandinavian Political Studies]] |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=95–109 |doi=10.1111/1467-9477.00048 }} as follows: "There are hardly any grounds for the epithet 'semi-presidential'." Arter's own conclusions are only slightly more nuanced: "The adoption of a new constitution on 1 March 2000 meant that Finland was no longer a case of semi-presidential government other than in the minimalist sense of a situation where a popularly elected fixed-term president exists alongside a prime minister and cabinet who are responsible to parliament (Elgie 2004: 317)". According to the Finnish Constitution, the president has no possibility to rule the government without the ministerial approval, and does not have the power to dissolve the parliament under his or her own desire. Finland is actually represented by its prime minister, and not by its president, in the Council of the Heads of State and Government of the European Union. The 2012 constitutional amendments reduced the powers of the president even further.</ref> | leader_title1 = [[ປະທານາທິບໍດີແຟງລັງ|ປະທານາທິບໍດີ]] | leader_name1 = [[Sauli Niinistö]] | leader_title2 = [[ນາຍົກລັດຖະມົນຕີແຟງລັງ|ນາຍົກລັດຖະມົນຕີ]] | leader_name2 = [[Petteri Orpo]] | legislature = [[ລັດຖະສະພາແຟງລັງ|ລັດຖະສະພາ]] | sovereignty_type = [[ປະຫວັດສາດແຟງລັງ|ເອກະລາດ]] | sovereignty_note = ຈາກ [[ສາທາລະນະລັດລັດເຊຍ|ລັດເຊຍ]] | established_event1 = [[ລາຊະລັດແຟງລັງ|ສະຖານະປົກຄອງຕົນເອງ]] | established_date1 = 29 ມີນາ ຄ.ສ 1809 | established_event2 = [[Finnish Declaration of Independence|ປະກາດອິດສະຫຼະພາບ]] | established_date2 = 6 ທັນວາ ຄ.ສ 1917 | established_event3 = [[ສົງຄາມກາງເມືອງແຟງລັງ]] | established_date3 = ມັງກອນ – ພຶດສະພາ ຄ.ສ 1918 | established_event4 = [[ລັດຖະທຳມະນູນແຟງລັງ|ຮ່າງລັດຖະທຳມະນູນ]] | established_date4 = 17 ກໍລະກົດ ຄ.ສ 1919 | established_event5 = [[ສົງຄາມລະດູໜາວ]] | established_date5 = 30 ພະຈິກ ຄ.ສ 1939 – 13 ມີນາ ຄ.ສ 1940 | established_event6 = [[ສົງຄາມຕໍ່ເນື່ອງ]] | established_date6 = 25 ມິຖຸນາ ຄ.ສ 1941 – 19 ກັນຍາ ຄ.ສ 1944 | established_event7 = [[1995 enlargement of the European Union|ເຂົ້າຮ່ວມ]]ກັບ[[ສະຫະພາບເອີຣົບ]] | established_date7 = 1 ມັງກອນ ຄ.ສ 1995 | area_km2 = 338,455 | area_rank = ອັນດັບທີ 65 <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --> | area_sq_mi = 130,596 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = 9.71 (ໃນປີ ຄ.ສ 2015)<ref>{{cite web|title=Surface water and surface water change|access-date=11 October 2020|publisher=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] (OECD)|url=https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SURFACE_WATER#}}</ref> | population_estimate = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 5,536,146<ref>{{cite web|title=Birth rate showed a slight growth in 2020|url=https://www.stat.fi/til/vamuu/2020/12/vamuu_2020_12_2021-01-21_tie_001_en.html|publisher=Statistics Finland|access-date=21 January 2021}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2020 | population_estimate_rank = ອັນດັບທີ 116 | population_label2 = | population_data2 = | population_density_km2 = 16 | population_density_sq_mi = 41 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = ອັນດັບທີ 213 | GDP_PPP = 257 ຕື້ໂດລາສະຫະລັດ<ref name=imf3>{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2018&ey=2018&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&pr1.x=59&pr1.y=9&c=172&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |date=17 October 2018|title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects|publisher=IMF}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2020 | GDP_PPP_rank = ອັນດັບທີ 60 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = 49,334 ໂດລາສະຫະລັດ<ref name=imf3 /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = ອັນດັບທີ 19 | GDP_nominal = 277 ຕື້ໂດລາສະຫະລັດ<ref name=imf3 /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2020 | GDP_nominal_rank = ອັນດັບທີ 43 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = 48,461 ໂດລາສະຫະລັດ<ref name=imf3 /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = ອັນດັບທີ 14 | Gini = 26.2 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2019 | Gini_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref =<ref name=eurogini>{{cite web |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&language=en&pcode=tessi190&plugin=1 |title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income - EU-SILC survey |publisher=European Commission |access-date=27 March 2020}}</ref> | Gini_rank = ອັນດັບທີ 6 | HDI = 0.938<!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref =<ref name="UNHDR">{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2020|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=15 December 2020|access-date=15 December 2020}}</ref> | HDI_rank = ອັນດັບທີ 11 | currency = [[ເອີໂຣ]] ([[Euro sign|€]]) | currency_code = EUR | time_zone = [[ເວລາເອີຣົບຕາເວັນອອກ]] | utc_offset = +2 | utc_offset_DST = +3 | time_zone_DST = [[ເວລາອອມແສງເອີຣົບຕາເວັນອອກ]] | date_format = ວ.ດ.ປປປປ<ref>[http://www.kielikello.fi/index.php?mid=2&pid=11&aid=1709 Ajanilmaukset] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020033758/http://www.kielikello.fi/index.php?mid=2&pid=11&aid=1709 |date=20 October 2017 }} Kielikello 2/2006. Institute for the Languages of Finland. Retrieved 20 October 2017</ref> | drives_on = ຂວາມື | calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Finland|+358]] | cctld = [[.fi]], [[.ax]]^a | footnote_a = ມີການໃຊ້ [[.eu]] ຮ່ວມກັບລັດສະມາຊິກ[[ສະຫະພາບເອີຣົບ]]ອື່ນໆດ້ວຍ | today = |established_event8=ເຂົ້າຮ່ວມກັບ[[ນາໂຕ]]|established_date8=4 ເມສາ ຄ.ສ 2023}} '''ແຟງລັງ''' (ຫຼື '''ຟິນແລນ'''; {{lang-fi|Suomi}} {{IPA-fi|suo̯mi||fi-suomi.ogg}}; {{lang-sv|Finland}} {{IPA-sv|ˈfɪnland||sv-Finland.ogg}}) ມີຊື່ເອີ້ນຢ່າງເປັນທາງການແມ່ນ '''ສາທາລະນະລັດ ແຟງລັງ''' ({{Lang-fi|Suomen tasavalta}}; {{Lang-sv|Republiken Finland}}) ເປັນ[[ປະເທດ]]ໃນ[[ກຸ່ມນອກດິກ]] ຕັ້ງຢູ່ທາງຕາເວັນອອກສຽງເໜືອຂອງ[[ທະວີບເອີຣົບ]] ເຂດແດນດ້ານຕາເວັນຕົກສຽງໃຕ້ຕິດກັບ[[ທະເລບານຕິກ]] ທາງດ້ານໃຕ້ຕິດກັບ[[ອ່າວແຟງລັງ]] ທາງຕາເວັນຕົກຕິດກັບ[[ອ່າວບົດເນຍ]]. ປະເທດແຟງລັງມີຊາຍແດນຕິດກັບ[[ປະເທດຊູແອດ]], [[ປະເທດນອກແວ|ນອກແວ]] ແລະ [[ປະເທດລັດເຊຍ|ລັດເຊຍ]] ສຳລັບ[[ໝູ່ເກາະໂອລັນ]]ທີ່ຢູ່ຫ່າງຈາກຊາຍຝັ່ງຕາເວັນຕົກສຽງໃຕ້ນັ້ນ ຢູ່ພາຍໃຕ້ການປົກຄອງຂອງແຟງລັງ ແຕ່ເປັນ[[ດິນແດນປົກຄອງຕົນເອງ|ເຂດປົກຄອງຕົນເອງ]] ເຄີຍຖຶກລັດເຊຍຍຶດຄອງ ແລະ ເປັນດິນແດນສ່ວນໜຶ່ງຂອງລັດເຊຍ. ເມືອງຫຼວງ ແລະ ເມືອງໃຫຍ່ທີ່ສຸດແມ່ນ: [[ເຮວຊິນກິ]]. ເມືອງສຳຄັນອື່ນໆມີເຊັ່ນ: [[ແອັດສະປູ]], [[ວັນຕາ]], [[ຕຳເປເຣ]], [[ໂອລູ]] ແລະ [[ຕວັກກຸ]]. ແຟງລັງມີປະຊາກອນປະມານ 5.52 ລ້ານຄົນ (ຂໍ້ມູນໃນກາງປີ 2019)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tilastokeskus.fi/tup/suoluk/suoluk_vaesto_en.html|title=Population|last=Tilastokeskus|website=www.tilastokeskus.fi|language=en|access-date=5 June 2018|archive-date=10 ກໍລະກົດ 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060710143515/https://www.tilastokeskus.fi/tup/suoluk/suoluk_vaesto_en.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ປະຊາກອນສ່ວນຫຼາຍອາໄສຢູ່ໃນພາກກາງ ແລະ ພາກໃຕ້ຂອງປະເທດ ແລະ ເວົ້າ[[ພາສາແຟງລັງ]] ເຊິ່ງເປັນ[[ພາສາແຟງນິກ|ກຸ່ມພາສາແຟງນິກ]]ຈາກ[[ຕະກຸນພາສາເອີຣານ]] ແລະ ບໍ່ມີຄວາມສຳພັນກັບ[[ກຸ່ມພາສາເຈີມານິກເໜືອ|ພາສາສະແກນດິນາເວຍ]]ແຕ່ຢ່າງໃດ.<ref name="pop_stat">{{cite web |url=http://www.stat.fi/tup/suoluk/suoluk_vaesto_en.html |title=Finland in Figures: Population |date=27 March 2014 |publisher=Population Register Centre |accessdate=1 April 2014 |language=fi |archive-date=11 ມິຖຸນາ 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611010801/https://www.stat.fi/tup/suoluk/suoluk_vaesto_en.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ປະເທດແຟງລັງເປັນປະເທດທີ່ໃຫຍ່ທີ່ສຸດອັນດັບທີ 8 ຂອງທະວີບເອີຣົບ ແລະ ເປັນປະເທດທີ່ມີປະຊາກອນເບົາບາງທີ່ສຸດໃນ[[ສະຫະພາບເອີຣົບ]]. ປະເທດແຟງລັງເປັນສາທາລະນະລັດໃນ[[ລະບົບລັດຖະສະພາ]]ທີ່ປະກອບດ້ວຍ 311 [[ເທສະບານຂອງປະເທດແຟງລັງ|ເທສະບານ]]<ref name="Suomen Kuntaliitto">{{cite web |url=http://www.kunnat.net/fi/Sivut/default.aspx |title=Kotisivu&nbsp;-&nbsp;Kuntaliiton Kunnat.net|publisher=Suomen Kuntaliitto|accessdate=6 May 2015|language=fi}}</ref> ແລະ 1 [[ເຂດປົກຄອງຕົນເອງ]] ແມ່ນ [[ໝູ່ເກາະໂອລັນ]] ມີປະຊາກອນຫຼາຍກວ່າ 1.4 ລ້ານຄົນອາໄສຢູ່ໃນຂອບເຂດ[[ເກຣເຕີ ເຮວຊິນກິ]] ແລະ ຄິດເປັນ 1 ໃນ 3 ຂອງ[[ລວມຍອດຜະລິດຕະພັນພາຍໃນປະເທດ]] ປະເທດແຟງລັງມີ[[ດັດຊະນີການພັດທະນາມະນຸດ]]ຕາມສະຖິຕິຂອງ[[ສະຫະປະຊາຊາດ]] ໃນປີ ຄ.ສ 2006 ຢູ່ໃນລຳດັບທີ 11.<ref name="HDI">{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/hdr2006/pdfs/report/HDR06-complete.pdf |title=Human Development Report 2006 |accessdate=2007-03-31 |publisher=[[ສຳນັກງານໂຄງການພັດທະນາແຫ່ງສະຫະປະຊາຊາດ]] |language=en |archive-date=2007-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070202212856/http://hdr.undp.org/hdr2006/pdfs/report/HDR06-complete.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ແຟງລັງເຄີຍເປັນສ່ວນໜຶ່ງຂອງຊູແອດຫຼາຍສະຕະວັດ ຫຼັງຈາກນັ້ນກໍຢູ່ພາຍໃຕ້[[ຈັກກະວັດລັດເຊຍ]]ຈົນເຖິງປີ ຄ.ສ 1917 ປັດຈຸບັນ ແຟງລັງເປັນ[[ສາທາລະນະລັດ]] [[ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ]]. ພາສາແຟງລັງເປັນໜຶ່ງໃນ[[ພາສາທາງການ]] ພາສາຈໍານວນໜ້ອຍຂອງ[[ສະຫະພາບເອີຣົບ]] ທີ່ບໍ່ໄດ້ມີຕົ້ນກຳເນີດເປັນ[[ພາສາກຸ່ມອິນໂດ-ເອີໂຣປຽນ|ກຸ່ມພາສາອິນໂດ-ເອີໂຣປຽນ]] ຮ່ວມກັບ[[ພາສາແອັດສະໂຕນີ]], [[ພາສາຮົງກາລີ]] ແລະ [[ພາສາມານຕາ]]. ຕັ້ງແຕ່ປະມານ 2,700 ປີກ່ອນພຸດທະການ ດິນແດນແຟງລັງໄດ້ຮັບອິດທິພົນທາງວັດທະນະທຳຈາກພາກໃຕ້ຂອງ[[ອ່າວແຟງລັງ]] ໂດຍເຂົ້າມາທາງຕາເວັນຕົກສຽງໃຕ້ຂອງແຟງລັງ ມີຫຼັກຖານຂອງ[[ເຄື່ອງປັ້ນດິນເຜົາ]]ທີ່ມີລັກສະນະສະເພາະ ຕໍ່ມາໃນ[[ຍຸກສຳລິດ]] ພື້ນທີ່ທາງຊາຍຝັ່ງຂອງແຟງລັງໄດ້ຮັບອິດທິພົນຈາກ[[ສະກັງດີນາວີ]] ແລະ [[ເອີຣົບກາງ]] ໃນຂະນະທີ່ພື້ນທີ່ທີ່ຢູ່ຫ່າງຈາກທະເລເຂົ້າໄປ ໄດ້ຮັບອິດທະພົນການໃຊ້[[ສຳລິດ]]ມາຈາກທາງຕາເວັນອອກຫຼາຍກວ່າ<ref name="concise"> {{cite book |last=Kirby |first=David |title=A Concise History of Finland |url=https://archive.org/details/concisehistoryof00davi_0 |year=2006 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location= Cambridge, UK |isbn=0-521-53989-7|language=en}}</ref> ໃນພຸດທະສະຕະວັດທີ 5 ພົບວ່າມີການຄ້າຂາຍແລກປ່ຽນກັບ[[ສະກັງດີນາວີ]]ຫຼາຍຂຶ້ນ ແລະ ການຄົ້ນພົບວັດຖຸແບບ[[ໂຣມັງ]]ຈາກຍຸກນີ້ດ້ວຍ ປາກົດການກ່າວເຖິງ[[ຊາງແຟງລັງ]]ໃນເອກະສານຂອງ[[ຈັກກະວັດໂຣມັງ|ຊາວໂຣມັງ]]ໃນຊ່ວງກາງພຸດທະສະຕະວັດທີ 7<ref name="kallio"> {{cite book |last=Kallio |first=Veikko |title=Finland: A Cultural Outline |url=https://archive.org/details/finlandculturalo0000kall |year=1994 |publisher=WSOY |location=Porvoo |isbn=951-0-19421-2|language=en}}</ref> ໃນອະດີດປະເທດແຟງລັງເປັນປະເທດ[[ກະສິກຳ]]ຈົນເຖິງປີ ຄ.ສ 1950 ພາຍຫຼັງສິ້ນສຸດ[[ສົງຄາມໂລກຄັ້ງທີສອງ]] ແຟງລັງໄດ້ພັດທະນາເສດຖະກິດຢ່າງວ່ອງໄວໂດຍການສ້າງ[[ລັດສະຫວັດດີການ]]ທີ່ມີຄຸນນະພາບຕາມ[[ຕົວແບບນອກຕິກ]] ສົ່ງຜົນໃຫ້ຄວາມຈະເລີນໄດ້ກະຈາຍໄປທົ່ວປະເທດ ແລະ ກາຍເປັນປະເທດທີ່ມີຄວາມຮັ່ງມີສູງຈົນເຖິງປັດຈຸບັນ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=World Economic Outlook Databases|url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/SPROLLs/world-economic-outlook-databases|website=IMF|language=en}}</ref> ແຟງລັງເຂົ້າຮ່ວມເປັນສະມາຊິກ[[ສະຫະປະຊາຊາດ]]ໃນປີ ຄ.ສ 1995 ດ້ວຍຄວາມຕັ້ງໃຈໃນການວາງຕົວເປັນກາງທາງການເມືອງ<ref>{{Cite web|last=NATO|title=Relations with Finland|url=http://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_49594.htm|website=NATO|language=en}}</ref> ແລະ ຍັງເຂົ້າຮ່ວມ[[ອົງການເພື່ອຄວາມຮ່ວມມື ແລະ ການພັດທະນາທາງເສດຖະກິດ]], ກຸ່ມປະເທດຄວາມຮ່ວມມືເທື່ອສັນຕິພາບຂອງນາໂຕ ''(Partnership for Peace)'', ສະຫະພາບເອີຣົບ ແລະ ສະພາຄວາມຮ່ວມມືເອີໂຣ ແຟງລັງຍັງມີຈຸດເດັ່ນໃນເລື່ອງລະບົບການສຶກສາທີ່ມີຄຸນນະພາບ<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-04-30|title=Tertiary education graduation rates - Education: Key Tables from OECD - OECD iLibrary|url=http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/tertiary-education-graduation-rates_20755120-table1|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2021-09-11|archive-date=2011-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430055650/http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/tertiary-education-graduation-rates_20755120-table1|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> ມີຄວາມສາມາດໃນການແຂ່ງຂັນທາງເສດຖະກິດໃນລະດັບສູງ ແລະ ໄດ້ຮັບການຍອມຮັບໃນດ້ານຄຸນນະພາບຊີວິດຂອງປະຊາກອນ<ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-10-14|title=Her er verdens mest konkurransedyktige land {{!}} Næringsliv {{!}} Makro og politkk {{!}} E24|url=http://e24.no/makro-og-politikk/article3803493.ece|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2021-09-11|archive-date=2010-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101014010931/http://e24.no/makro-og-politikk/article3803493.ece|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-10-30|title=Finland: World Audit Democracy Profile|url=http://www.worldaudit.org/countries/finland.htm|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2021-09-11|archive-date=2013-10-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030113921/http://www.worldaudit.org/countries/finland.htm|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> ໂດຍຖືເປັນໜຶ່ງໃນປະເທດທີ່ໃຫ້ສິດທິ ແລະ ເສລີພາບແກ່ປະຊາກອນໃນລະດັບສູງ ໃນປີ ຄ.ສ 2015. ແຟງລັງໄດ້ຮັບການຈັດອັນດັບຢູ່ໃນອັນດັບໜຶ່ງໃນດ້ານດັດຊະນີທຶນມະນຸດ ''(Human Capital Index)''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rankings|url=http://wef.ch/1Rr6YsH|website=Human Capital Report 2015|language=en-US}}</ref> ແລະ ເປັນປະເທດທີ່ມີສະຖຽນລະພາບຫຼາຍທີ່ສຸດໃນໂລກ ລະຫວ່າງປີ ຄ.ສ 2011-2016 ຈາກການວັດຕາມຄ່າດັດຊະນີ ''Fragile States Index''<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-02-04|title=The Fragile States Index 2016 {{!}} The Fund for Peace|url=http://fsi.fundforpeace.org/rankings-2016|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2021-09-11|archive-date=2017-02-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204213240/http://fsi.fundforpeace.org/rankings-2016|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> ແລະ ຍັງໄດ້ຮັບການຈັດອັນດັບວ່າເປັນປະເທດທີ່ປະຊາກອນມີຄວາມສຸກທີ່ສຸດໃນໂລກ.<ref>{{Cite web|last=CNN|first=By Katia Hetter|title=This is the world's happiest country in 2019|url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/worlds-happiest-countries-united-nations-2019/index.html|website=CNN|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://happiness-report.s3.amazonaws.com/2020/WHR20.pdf |access-date=2023-11-05 |archive-date=2020-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321121350/https://happiness-report.s3.amazonaws.com/2020/WHR20.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == ອ້າງອີງ == {{reflist}} == ອ່ານເພີ່ມເຕີມ == {{refbegin|30em}} * Chew, Allen F. ''The White Death: The Epic of the Soviet-Finnish Winter War'' ({{ISBN|0-87013-167-2}}). * Engle, Eloise and Paananen, Pauri. ''The Winter War: The Soviet Attack on Finland 1939–1940'' ({{ISBN|0-8117-2433-6}}). * ''Insight Guide: Finland'' ({{ISBN|981-4120-39-1}}). * [[Max Jakobson|Jakobson, Max]]. ''Finland in the New Europe'' ({{ISBN|0-275-96372-1}}). * Jutikkala, Eino; Pirinen, Kauko. ''A History of Finland'' ({{ISBN|0-88029-260-1}}). * [[Matti Klinge|Klinge, Matti]]. ''Let Us Be Finns: Essays on History'' ({{ISBN|951-1-11180-9}}). * Lavery, Jason. ''The History of Finland'', Greenwood Histories of the Modern Nations, Greenwood Press, 2006 ({{ISBN|0-313-32837-4}}, {{ISSN|1096-2905}}). * Lewis, Richard D. ''Finland: Cultural Lone Wolf'' ({{ISBN|1-931930-18-X}}). * ''[[Lonely Planet]]: Finland'' ({{ISBN|1-74059-791-5}}) * Mann, Chris. ''Hitler's Arctic War: The German Campaigns in Norway, Finland, and the USSR 1940–1945'' ({{ISBN|0-312-31100-1}}). * Rusama, Jaakko. ''Ecumenical Growth in Finland'' ({{ISBN|951-693-239-8}}). * Singleton, Fred. ''A Short History of Finland'' ({{ISBN|0-521-64701-0}}). * [[Jean-Jacques Subrenat|Subrenat, Jean-Jacques]]. ''Listen, there's music from the forest; a brief presentation of the Kuhmo Chamber Music Festival'' ({{ISBN|952-92-0564-3}}). * Swallow, Deborah. ''Culture Shock! Finland: A Guide to Customs and Etiquette'' ({{ISBN|1-55868-592-8}}). * [[William R. Trotter|Trotter, William R.]] ''A Frozen Hell: The Russo-Finnish Winter War of 1939–1940'' ({{ISBN|1-56512-249-6}}). {{refend}} == ແຫຼ່ງຂໍ້ມູນອື່ນ == {{Sister project links|ປະເທດແຟງລັງ|voy=Finland}} * [https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/finland/ Finland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224052716/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/finland/ |date=2022-12-24 }}. ''[[The World Factbook]]''. [[Central Intelligence Agency]]. * {{curlie|Regional/Europe/Finland}} * [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17288360 Finland profile] from the [[BBC News]] * [http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=FI Key Development Forecasts for Finland] from [[International Futures]] * [http://www.stat.fi/til/vaerak/2010/vaerak_2010_2011-03-18_kuv_001_en.html Population in Finland 1750–2010] * [http://www.stat.fi/til/vaerak/2011/vaerak_2011_2012-03-16_kuv_002_en.html Appendix figure 2. The largest groups by native language 2001 and 2011] (Statistics Finland) * [http://findikaattori.fi/en Official statistical information about Finland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312202428/https://findikaattori.fi/en |date=2022-03-12 }} from [[Findicator]]. '''ລັດຖະບານ''' * [http://finland.fi/ This is Finland], the official English-language online portal (administered by the Finnish [[Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Finland)|Ministry for Foreign Affairs]]) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080703233731/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/finland.htm Finland] ([[University of Colorado Boulder]] Libraries Government Publications) '''ແຜນທິ່''' * {{osmrelation-inline|54224}} * {{wikiatlas|Finland}} '''ການເດີນທາງ''' * [http://www.visitfinland.com/ Official Travel Site of Finland] {{EU}} [[ໝວດ:ປະເທດແຟງລັງ| ]] [[ໝວດ:ປະເທດ|ຟ]] [[ໝວດ:ສາທາລະນະລັດ|ຟ]] fugbwwrrgcojhy5fzfuzvw7h0vi8n5a 0 7851 130104 47326 2026-08-20T20:04:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13695 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 130104 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ບາກເຊໂລນ'''<ref>จาก{{lang-fr|Barcelone}}</ref> ({{lang-ca|Barcelona}}, {{lang-es|Barcelona}}, {{lang-fr|Barcelone}}) ແມ່ນເມືອງໃຫຍ່ອັນດັບສອງທັງໃນດ້ານຂະໜາດແລະປະຊາກອນຂອງ[[ປະເທດແອສະປາຍ]]. ແມ່ນ[[ນະຄອນຫຼວງ]]ຂອງ[[ແຄວ້ນກາຕາໂລຍ|ກາຕາໂລຍ]]. ຕັ້ງຢູ່ເທິງຊາຍຝັ່ງ[[ທະເລເມດີແຕກລາເນ]]ຂອງ[[ຄາບສະໝຸດອີເບລີ]]. ມີປະຊາກອນໃນໂຕເມືອງ 1.5 ລ້ານຄົນ ແຕ່ຄັນນັບປໍລິມົນທົນໂດຍຮອບອາດຫຼາຍກວ່າ 4 ລ້ານຄົນ. ໃຊ້ພາສາທາງການ 2 ພາສາ ແມ່ນ [[ພາສາກາຕາລັງ]] ແລະ [[ພາສາແອສະປາໂຍນ]]. == ອ້າງອີງ == {{ລາຍການອ້າງອີງ}} ;ບັນນານຸກົມ *{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Barcelona|encyclopedia=Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana |publisher=Ed. Enciclopèdia Catalana S.A. |location=Barcelona}} {{en icon}} * Busquets, Joan. ''Barcelona: The Urban Evolution of a Compact City'' (Harvard UP, 2006) 468 pp. {{en icon}} *{{cite journal|doi=10.1177/0096144210384250|title=Review Essay: Barcelona: Forms, Images, and Conflicts: Joan Busquets (2005)|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-urban-history_2011-01_37_1/page/117|year=2011|last1=McDonogh|first1=G. W.|journal=Journal of Urban History|volume=37|pages=117–123|month=January|number=1}} {{en icon}} * Marshall, Tim, ed. ''Transforming Barcelona'' (Routledge, 2004), 267 pp. {{en icon}} * Ramon Resina, Joan. ''Barcelona's Vocation of Modernity: Rise and Decline of an Urban Image'' (Stanford UP, 2008). 272 pp. {{en icon}} == ແຫຼ່ງຂໍ້ມູນອື່ນ == *[http://www.barcelona.cat ເວັບຢ່າງເປັນທາງການຂອງບາເຊໂລນ] *[http://www.tmb.cat/en/home Official Website Of Barcelona's Metropolitan Transports] [[ໝວດ:ບາກເຊໂລນ]] [[ໝວດ:ນະຄອນຫຼວງ]] [[ໝວດ:ເມືອງໃນແຄວ້ນກາຕາໂລຍ]] 15zyikdxo7avkp22qq240w2078lncbd 0 7970 130113 124435 2026-08-21T00:13:34Z InternetArchiveBot 13695 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130113 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Europe-Serbia (2006–2008).svg|thumb|]] '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (ຫຼື '''ເຊີເບຍ''') ຊື່ຢ່າງເປັນທາງການແມ່ນ ສາທາລະນະລັດເຊີເບຍ ({{Langx|sr|Република Србија}}), ເປັນປະເທດທີ່ບໍ່ມີຊາຍແດນຕິດກັບທະເລຕັ້ງຢູ່ໃນຈຸດຕັດກັນຂອງພາກຕາເວັນອອກສຽງໃຕ້ໃນ[[ທະວີບເອີຣົບ]]ກາງ,<ref>{{Cite web|title=South-Eastern Europe {{!}} UNECE|url=https://unece.org/south-eastern-europe|access-date=2023-08-24|website=unece.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Serbia: On the Way to EU Accession|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/results/2013/04/08/serbia-on-the-way-to-eu-accession|access-date=2023-08-24|website=World Bank|language=en|archive-date=2023-10-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231028013610/http://www.worldbank.org/en/results/2013/04/08/serbia-on-the-way-to-eu-accession|url-status=dead}}</ref> ໃນ[[ບານຄານ|ແຫຼມບານກັງ]]ແລະທົ່ງພຽງແພນໂນເນຍ ມີຊາຍແດນຕິດກັບ[[ປະເທດຮົງກາລີ|ຮົງກາຣີ]]ໄປທາງທິດເຫນືອ, [[ປະເທດຣູມານີ|ຣູມານີ]]ທາງທິດຕາເວັນອອກສຽງເຫນືອ, [[ປະເທດບູນກາລີ|ບູນກາຣີ]]ໄປທາງທິດຕາເວັນອອກສຽງໃຕ້, [[ປະເທດມາເຊດວນເໜືອ|ມາເຊດວນເໜືອ]]ໄປທາງທິດໃຕ້, [[ປະເທດກຣົວຊີ|ກຣົວຊີ]] ແລະ [[ປະເທດບົດສະນີ ແລະ ແຮກເຊໂກວິນາ|ບົດສະນີ ແລະ ແຮກເຊໂກວິນາ]] ໄປທາງທິດຕາເວັນຕົກ, ແລະ [[ປະເທດມົງເຕເນໂກຣ|ມົງເຕເນໂກຣ]] ໄປທາງທິດຕາເວັນຕົກສຽງໃຕ້ ເຊີ​ເບຍ​ອ້າງ​ເອົາ​ເຂດ​ຊາຍ​ແດນ​ອະ​ທິ​ປະ​ໄຕ​ກັບ[[ປະເທດອານບານີ|ອານບານີ]]ຜ່ານ​ເຂດ​ທີ່​ຂັດ​ແຍ້​ງກັນ​ຂອງ[[ປະເທດໂຄໂຊໂວ|ໂຄໂຊໂວ]]. ປະເທດເຊີເບຍມີປະຊາກອນປະມານ 6.6 ລ້ານຄົນ (ບໍ່ລວມໂຄໂຊໂວ), ນະຄອນຫຼວງແລະເມືອງທີ່ໃຫຍ່ທີ່ສຸດແມ່ນແບນເກຣດ ==ອ້າງອີງ== {{ລາຍການອ້າງອີງ}} ;ບັນນານຸກົມ ==ແຫຼ່ງຂໍ້ມູນອື່ນ== {{EU}} [[ໝວດ:ປະເທດເເຊັກບີ]] [[ໝວດ:ປະເທດ|ເ]] [[ໝວດ:ເອີລົບ|ເ]] hbx1av0b1j2m8h71pbmvik18av2y3lm 0 8200 130100 129741 2026-08-20T20:01:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13695 Add 6 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 130100 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''ອາໂດນ ຮິດແລ''' ({{lang-de|Adolf Hitler}}; 20 ເມສາ ຄ.ສ. 1889 – 30 ເມສາ ຄ.ສ. 1945) ເປັນ[[ນັກການເມືອງເຢຍລະມັນ]]ສັນຊາດ[[ປະເທດໂອຕຣິດ|ໂອຕລິດ]]ໂດຍກຳເນີດ, ດຳລົງຕຳແໜ່ງຫົວໜ້າ[[ພັກແຮງງານສັງຄົມນິຍົມແຫ່ງຊາດເຢຍລະມັນ]] ຫຼື ທີ່ຮູ້ຈັກກັນທົ່ວໄປໃນຊື່ ພັກນາຊີ. == ປະຫວັດ == [[ຮູບ:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1989-0322-506, Adolf Hitler, Kinderbild.jpg|upright|thumb|ເອດັອບ ຮິດເລີໃນວັຍທາລົກ (ປະມານ ຄ.ສ. 1889-1890)]] [[ຮູບ:Klara Hitler.jpg|thumb|upright|ຄາລາ ມານດາຂອງອາໂດນ ຮິດແລ]] ອາໂດນ ຮິດແລເກີດວັນທີ່ 20 ເມສາ [[ຄ.ສ. 1889]] ທີ່ກັສທອຟ ຊຸມ ພອມແມຣ໌ (Gasthof zum Pommer) ໂຮງແຮມແຫ່ງໃນຮັນສ໌ຮໍເຟນ (Ranshofen) ໝູ່ບ້ານເຊິ່ງຖືກຮວມເຂົ້າກັບເບົາເນົາອຳອິນ (Braunau am Inn) ຈັກກະວັດໂອຕລິດ-ຮົງກາຣີ ໃນ ຄ.ສ. 1938 ລາວເປັນລູກຄົນທີ່ສີ່ຈາກທັງໝົດຫົກຄົນຂອງອາລົວສ໌ ຮິດແລແລະຄາລາ ເພິລເຊັລ (Klara Pölzl) ພີ່ນ້ອງທັງສາມຄົນຂອງຮິດແລ ກຸສະຕາຟ ໄອ ດາ ແລະ ອັອດໂທ ເສຍຊີວິດຕັ້ງແຕ່ເປັນທາລົກ ເມື່ອຮິດແລອາຍຸໄດ້ສາມຂວບ ຄອບຄົວຂອງເຂົາຍ້າຍໄປພັກເຊົ່າຢູ່ເຢຍລະມັນ ທີ່ເຊິ່ງເຮັດໃຫ້ຮິດແລມີສຳນຽງທ້ອງຖິ່ນແບບບາວາເລຍໃຕ້ຫຼາຍກວ່າສຳນຽງເຢຍລະມັນ ໂອຕລິດ ແລະແມ່ນສຳນຽງທີ່ຮິດແລໃຊ້ຕະຫຼອດຊີວິດ ໃນ ຄ.ສ. 1894 ຄອບຄົວໄດ້ຍ້າຍອີກເທື່ອໜຶ່ງໄປຍັງເລອອນດິງ ໄກ້ກັບລິນຊ໌ ແລະຕໍ່ມາ ເມື່ອເດືອນມິຖຸນາ ຄ.ສ. 1895 ອາລົວສ໌ໄດ້ກະສຽນໄປຍັງທີ່ດິນໜ້ອຍໆ ທີ່ຮາເຟລດ໌ ໄກ້ລຳບັກ ທີ່ເຊິ່ງເຂົາພະຍາຍາມປະກອບອາຊີບກະສິກຳແລະລ້ຽງເຜິ່ງດ້ວຍຕົນເອງ ຮິດແລເຂົ້າສຶກສາໂຮງຮຽນທີ່ຟິດຮຳ (Fischlham) ໃນລະແວກໄກ້ຄຽງ ຂະນະທີ່ຍັງເປັນເດັກ ຮິດແລກາຍມາຕິດການສົງຄາມຫຼັງພົບໜັງສືພາບກ່ຽວກັບ[[ສົງຄາມຝະລັ່ງ-ປັດເຊຍ]] ທ່າມກາງບັນດາສົມບັດຂອງບິດາ ການຍ້າຍໄປຍັງຮາເລຟດ໌ເກີດຂຶ້ນໄລ່ເລ່ຍກັບການເລິ່ມຕົ້ນຄວາມຂັດແຍ້ງຢ່າງຮຸນແຮງລະຫວ່າງພໍ່ລູກ ເຊິ່ງເກີດຈາກທີ່ຮິດແລປະຕິເສດບໍ່ເຊື່ອຟັງກົດລະບຽບອັນເຂັ້ມງວດຂອງໂຮງຮຽນເຂົາ ຄວາມພະຍາຍາມເຮັດກະສິກຳທີ່ຮາເຟລດ໌ຂອງອາລົວສິ້ນສຸດລົງດ້ວຍຄວາມລົ້ມເຫຼວ ແລະໃນ ຄ.ສ. 1897 ຄອບຄົວຮິດແລຍ້າຍໄປລຳບັກ ຮິດແລເຂົ້າສຶກສາທີ່ໂຮງຮຽນຄາທໍລິກແຫ່ງໜຶ່ງໃນລະບຽງສັນນະບົດເບເນດິກຕິນ (Benedictine) ຄິດສະຕະວັດທີ່ 11 ເຊິ່ງທີ່ບົນທຳມາດນັ້ນມີສັນຍາລັກສະຫວັດດິກະທີ່ຖືກປັບໃຫ້ເຂົ້າກັບແບບບົນກາອາມຂອງເທໂອໂດລິດ ຟອນ ຮາ ເກນ ອະດີດອະທິການວັດ ຮິດແລໄວແປດປີເຂົ້າຮຽນຮ້ອງເພງ ຮ່ວມຢູ່ໃນວົງປະສານສຽງຂອງໂບດແລະກະທັ່ງ ວາດຝັນວ່າຕົນຈະເປັນນັກບວດ ຄອບຄົວຮິດແລກັບໄປອາໄສ ນະ ເລອອນດິງ ຢ່າງຖາວອນ ການເສຍຊີວິດແອັດມຸນ ນ້ອງຊາຍ ດ້ວຍໂຮກຫັດ ເມື່ອວັນທີ່ 2 ກຸມພາ ຄ.ສ. 1900 ກະທົບຕໍ່ຮິດແລຢ່າງເລິກເຊິ່ງ ຈາກທີ່ເຄີຍເປັນເດັກທີ່ມັ່ນໃຈ ເຂົ້າສັງຄົມ ແລະເປັນນັກຮຽນທີ່ຍອດຍ້ຽມ ຮິດແລເປັນເດັກອາລົມຂຸ່ນມົວ ເສີຍຊາ ແລະ ຄຽດທີ່ມີປັນຫາກັບບິດາແລະຄູຢ່າງຕໍ່ເນື່ອງ ອາລົວປະສົບຄວາມສຳເລັດໃນອາຊີບໃນສຳນັກງານສຸລະກາກອນ ແລະຕ້ອງການໃຫ້ລູກຊາຍເດິນຕາມຮອຍເຂົາ ພາຍຫຼັງ ຮິດແລເລົ່າເຖິງຊ່ວງນີ້ເກີນຄວາມຈິງເມື່ອບິດາພາເຂົາໄປຊົມທີ່ເຮັດການສຸລະກາກອນ ໂດຍບັນຍາຍວ່າ ມັນເປັນເຫດການທີ່ນຳໄປສູ່ການຕໍ່ຕ້ານຢ່າງບໍ່ອາດໃຫ້ອະໄພລະຫວ່າງພໍ່ລູກທີ່ຕ່າງມີຄວາມຕັ້ງໃຈແຮງກ້າທັງຄູ່ ໂດຍລະເລີຍຄວາມຕ້ອງການຂອງບຸດທີ່ຢາກເຂົ້າສຶກສາຍັງໂຮງຮຽນຄາສສິກແລະຈົບມາເປັນສິລະປິນ ໃນເດືອນກັນຍາ ຄ.ສ. 1900 ອາລົວສົ່ງຮິດແລໄປຍັງເລອັນຊູເລີ (Realschule) ໃນລິນ ຮິດແລຂັດຂືນຕໍ່ການຕັດສິນໃຈນີ້ ແລະໄນຄັມພ໌ ໄດ້ເປີດເຜີຍວ່າ "ເຂົາຮຽນໄດ້ບໍ່ດີຫຼາຍໃນໂຮງຮຽນ" ດ້ວຍຫວັງວ່າເມື່ອບິດາເຫັນວ່າ "ຂ້າພະເຈົ້າມີຄວາມຄືບໜ້າໜ້ອຍພຽງໃດທີ່ໂຮງຮຽນອາຊີວະ ລາວຈະໄດ້ປ່ອຍໃຫ້ຂ້າພະເຈົ້າອຸທິດຕົນແກ່ຄວາມໃຝ່ຝັນຂອງຂ້າພະເຈົ້າເອງ" ຮິດແລເລິ່ມຫຼົງໄຫຼໃນລັດທິຊາດນິຍົມເຢຍລະມັນຕັ້ງເຍົາໄວ ຮິດແລສະແດງຄວາມເຄົາຮົບຕໍ່[[ຈັກກະວັດເຢຍລະມັນ|ເຢຍລະມັນ]]ເທົ່ານັ້ນ ແມ້ນ[[ລາຊະວົງຮັບສະບູກ]]ແລະການປົກຄອງເໜືອຈັກກະວັດທີ່ມີຄວາມຫຼາກຫຼາຍທາງເຊື້ອຊາດຈະເສື່ອມລົງກໍຕາມ ຮິດແລແລະເພື່ອນຂອງເຂົາໃຊ້ຄຳທັກທາຍພາສາເຢຍລະມັນ "[[ໄຮລ໌]]" ແລະຮ້ອງເພງຊາດເຢຍລະມັນ "[[ດາສະລີດແດດອຍເຊນ|ດອຍຊະລັນອືແບອັນເລ]]" ແທນ[[:en:Gott erhalte Franz den kaiser|ເພງຊາດຈັກກະວັດໂອຕລິດ]] ຫຼັງການເສຍຊີວິດກະທັນຫັນຂອງອາລົວສ໌ເມື່ອວັນທີ່ 3 ມັງກອນ ຄ.ສ. 1903 ພຶດຕິກຳຂອງຮິດແລທີ່ໂຮງຮຽນອາຊີວະຍິ່ງຮ້າຍໜັກຂຶ້ນໄປອີກ ມານດາລາວອະນຸຍາດໃຫ້ລາວລາອອກໃນລະດູບານໃໝ່ ຄ.ສ. 1905 ລາວລົງຮຽນທີ່ເລອັນຊູເລີໃນສະເທເຍີ (Steyr) ໃນເດືອນກັນຍາ ຄ.ສ. 1904 ພຶດຕິກຳແລະຜົນການຮຽນຂອງເຂົາສະແດງເຖິງພັດທະນາການເລັກໜ້ອຍແລະຕໍ່ເນື່ອງຢູ່ແດ່ໜ້ອຍໜຶ່ງ ໃນລະດູໃບໄມ້ຫຼົ່ນ ຄ.ສ. 1905 ຫຼັງຜ່ານຂໍ້ສອບເສັງປາຍພາກ ຮິດແລກໍໄດ້ອອກຈາກໂຮງຮຽນໂດຍບໍ່ສະແດງຄວາມທະເຍີທະຍານໃດ ໆ ແກ່ການສຶກສາຕໍ່ ຫຼືແຜນທີ່ຊັດເຈນສຳລັບອາຊີບໃນອະນາຄົດ === ໄວຜູ້ໃຫຍ່ໃນຊ່ວງຕົ້ນທີ່ວຽນນາ ແລະ ມິວນິກ === ນັບຈາກ ຄ.ສ. 1905 ຮິດແລໄດ້ໃຊ້ຊີວິດແບບຮີມ່ຽນໃນ[[ວຽນນາ]]ດ້ວຍເງິນສົງເຄາະເດັກກຳພ້າແລະການສະນັບສະໜຸນຈາກມານດາ ເຂົາເຮັດວຽກເປັນກຳມະກອນຊົ່ວຄາວ ແລະທ້າຍສຸດ ເປັນຈິດຕະກອນຂາຍພາບວາດສີນ້ຳ ສະຖາບັນວິຈິດສິນວຽນນາປະຕິເສດເຂົາສອງຄັ້ງ ໃນ ຄ.ສ. 1907 ແລະ 1908 ເພາະຄວາມບໍ່ເໝາະສົມທີ່ຈະວາດພາບຂອງເຂົາ ຜູ້ອຳນວຍການແນະນຳໃຫ້ຮິດແລຮຽນ[[ສະຖາປັດຕະຍະກຳ]] ແຕ່ເຂົາຂາດເອກະສານສະແດງວິທະຍະຖານະ ວັນທີ່ 21 ທັນວາ ຄ.ສ. 1907 ມານດາຂອງເຂົາເສຍຊີວິດໃນວັຍ 47 ປີ ຫຼັງສະຖາບັນປະຕິເສດເປັນຄັ້ງທີ່ສອງ ຮິດແລກໍໝົດເງິນ ໃນ ຄ.ສ. 1909 ເຂົາອາໄສຢູ່ໃນບ່ອນພັກຄົນໄຣ້ບ້ານ ແລະໃນ ຄ.ສ. 1910 ເຂົາຍ້າຍເຂົ້າມາອາໄສຢູ່ໃນບ້ານພັກຊາຍຮັບຈ້າງຢາກຈົນບົນຖະໜົນເມລເດມັນສະທາເຊີ ຂະນະຮິດແລຢູ່ບ່ອນນັ້ນ ວຽນນາເປັນແຫຼ່ງເພາະພັນອະຄະຕິທາງສາດສະໜາແລະຄະຕິນິຍົມເຊື້ອຊາດແບບຄິດສະຕະວັດທີ່ 19 ຍ່ານວ່າຈະຖືກຜູ້ອົບພະຍົບຈາກຕາເວັນອອກລ່ວງລ້ຳແພ່ຂະຫຍາຍ ແລະນາຍົກເທດສະມົນຕີປະຊານິຍົມ ຄາວ ລື ເກີ (Karl Lueger) ໃຊ້ວາທະສິນກຽດຊັງຍິວຮຸນແຮງເພື່ອປະໂຫຍດທາງການເມືອງ ຄະຕິກຽດຊັງຍິວຮວມເຖິງເຢຍລະມັນຂອງເກີກ ເຊີເນເລີ (Georg Schönerer) ມີຜູ້ສະນັບສະໜຸນຢ່າງແຂັງແກ່ງແລະຖານໃນຍ່ານມາເລຍຮິວ ທີ່ຮິດແລອາໄສຢູ່ ຮິດແລອ່ານໜັງສືພິມທ້ອງຖິ່ນຢ່າງ ''ດອຍເຊສ ໂຟລດ໌ ສະບັດ '' (''Deutsches Volksblatt'') ທີ່ກະພືອະຄະຕິແລະຫຼີ້ນກັບຄວາມຍ່ານຂອງຄຣິສຕຽນວ່າຈະຕ້ອງແບກພາລະຈາກການໄຫຼ່ບ່າເຂົ້າມາຂອງຍີວຕາເວັນອອກ ຄວາມເປັນປໍລະປັກຕໍ່ສິ່ງທີ່ຮິດແລເຫັນວ່າແມ່ນ "ໂຮກຍ່ານເຢຍລະມັນ" ຂອງຄາທໍລິກ ເຂົາຈຶງເລິ່ມຍົກຍ່ອງ [[ມາຣ໌ຕິນ ລູເທີ]] ຈຸດກຳເໜີດແລະການສະແດງອອກຄັ້ງທຳອິດຂອງຮິດແລຕໍ່ຄະຕິກຽດຊັງຍິວຢາກຈະພົບ ຮິດແລຂຽນໃນ ໄມຄັມພ໌ວ່າ ເຂົາກຽດຊັງຍິວຄັ້ງທຳອິດໃນວຽນນາ ເພື່ອນສະນິດຂອງຮິດແລ ອູກຸດ ຄູບີແຊັກ (August Kubizek) ອ້າງວ່າ "ຮິດແລເປັນຜູ້ກຽດຊັງຍິວທີ່ຢັ້ງຢືນແລ້ວ" ຕັ້ງແຕ່ກ່ອນເຂົາອອກຈາກລິນ ບັນທຶກຂອງຄູບີແຊັກຖືກນັກປະຫວັດສາດ ບີຈິດເທີ ຮາມັນ (Brigitte Hamann) ຂຽນໂຕ້ແຍ້ງ ເຂົາຂຽນວ່າ "ໃນບັນດາພະຍານຄົນແຮກໆ ທັງໝົດ ທັງໝົດທີ່ສາມາດເຊື່ອຖືໄດ້ຢ່າງຈິງຈັງມີຄູບີແຊັກຄົນດຽວທີ່ບັນຍາຍຮິດແລວັຍໜຸ່ມວ່າ ກຽດຊັງຍິວ ແລະຊັດເຈນໃນປະເດັນນີ້ວ່າ ເຂົາເຊື່ອຖືບໍ່ຄ່ອຍໄດ້" ແຫຼ່ງຂໍ້ມູນຫຼາຍແຫຼ່ງໃຫ້ຫຼັກຖານໜັກແໜ້ນວ່າຮິດແລມີເພື່ອນຍິວໃນຫໍພັກຂອງເຂົາແລະໃນທີ່ອື່ນໃນວຽນນາ ຮາມັນຍັງສັງເກດວ່າ ຮິດແລບໍ່ມີບັນທຶກຄວາມເຫັນກຽດຊັງຍິວລະຫວ່າງຊ່ວງນີ້ ນັກປະຫວັດສາດ ອຽນ ເຄີຊໍ (Ian Kershaw) ສະເໜີວ່າ ຫາກຮິດແລໄດ້ອອກຄວາມເຫັນເຊັ່ນນັ້ນຈິງ ຄວາມເຫັນເຫຼົ່ານັ້ນກໍອາດບໍ່ເປັນທີ່ສັງເກດ ເພາະຄະຕິກຽດຊັງຍິວທີ່ມີຢູ່ທົ່ວໄປໃນວຽນນາຂະນະນັ້ນ ນັກປະຫວັດສາດ ລິຊາດ ເຈ. ອີແວນ ວ່າ "ປັດຈຸບັນນັກປະຫວັດສາດສ່ວນຫຼາຍຍອມຮັບວ່າ ຄະຕິກຽດຊັງຍິວອັນສາວໂສ່ແລະການຄາດຕະກຳຕໍ່ຕ້ານຍິວຂອງເຂົານັ້ນ ເກີດຂຶ້ນຫຼັງຈາກຄວາມພ່າຍແພ້ຂອງເຢຍລະມັນ [ໃນສົງຄາມໂລກຄັ້ງທີ່ສອງ] ອັນເປັນຜົນຂອງຄຳອະທິບາຍມະຫັນຕະໄພວ່າ ເປັນເພາະ '[[ຕຳນານແທງຂ້າງຫຼັງ|ການແທງຂ້າງຫຼັງ]] ປະເພກລະຫວາດລະແວງ" ຮິດແລໄດ້ຮັບມໍລະດົກສ່ວນສຸດທ້າຍຈາກຊັບສິນຂອງບິດາໃນເດືອນພຶດສະພາ ຄ.ສ. 1913 ແລະຍ້າຍໄປມິວນິກ ນັກປະຫວັດສາດເຊື່ອວ່າຮິດແລຍ້າຍອອກຈາກວຽນນາເພື່ອຫຼົບລ່ຽງການເກນເຂົ້າສູ່ກອງທັບໂອຕະລິດ ພາຍຫຼັງ ຮິດແລອ້າງວ່າ ເຂົາບໍ່ປະສົງຈະຮັບໃຊ້ລັດຮັບບູກເພາະການຜະສົມຜະສານ "ເຊື້ອຊາດ" ໃນກອງທັບ ຫຼັງເຂົາຖືກເຫັນວ່າບໍ່ເໝາະສົມກັບລາຊະການທະຫານ ເພາະບໍ່ຜ່ານການກວດຮ່າງກາຍໃນຊາລຊ໌ບູກເມື່ອວັນທີ່ 5 ກຸມພາ ຄ.ສ. 1914 ເຂົາກັບໄປຍັງມິວນິກ === ສົງຄານໂລກຄັ້ງທີ່ໜຶ່ງ === ເມື່ອ[[ສົງຄາມໂລກຄັ້ງທີ່ໜຶ່ງ]]ປະທຸ ຮິດແລສະມັກເຂົ້າຮັບລາຊະການໃນກອງເຢຍລະມັນ ເຂົາໄດ້ຮັບການຕອບຮັບໃນເດືອນສິງຫາ ຄ.ສ. 1914 ເຊິ່ງມີແນວໂນ້ມວ່າເປັນຜົນມາຈາກຄວາມປ່ອຍປະລະເລີຍທາງທຸລະການເພາະເຂົາຍັງເປັນພົນລະເມືອງໂອຕະລິດ ເຂົາຖືກຈັດໄປຍັງກົມທະຫານຣາບກອງໜູນບາວາເລຍ 16 (ກອງຮ້ອຍທີ່ 1 ແຫ່ງກົມລິສທ໌) ເຂົາປະຕິບັດໜ້າທີ່ເປັນພົນນຳສານສົ່ງແນວຮົບດ້ານຕາເວັນຕົກໃນ[[ປະເທດຝະລັ່ງ|ຝະລັ່ງ]]ແລະ[[ປະເທດແບນຊິກ|ແບນຊິກ]] ໃຊ້ເວລາເກືອບເຄິ່ງໜຶ່ງຢູ່ຫຼັງແນວໜ້າ ເຂົາເຂົ້າຮ່ວມ[[ຍຸດທະການອີເປີຄັ້ງທີ່ໜຶ່ງ]] [[ຍຸດທະການແມ່ນ້ຳຊອມ]] [[ຍຸດທະການອາລັດ]]ແລະ [[ຍຸດທະການພັດແຊນແດເລີ]] ແລະໄດ້ຮັບບາດເຈັບທີ່ແມ່ນ້ຳຊອມ [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1974-082-44, Adolf Hitler im Ersten Weltkrieg.jpg|left|thumb|ฮิตเลอร์กับเพื่อนทหารในกรมทหารราบกองหนุนบาวาเรีย 16 ระหว่างสงครามโลกครั้งที่หนึ่ง|ຮິດແລແລະເພື່ອນທະຫານໃນກົມທະຫານຣາບກອງໜຸນບາວາເລຍ 16 ລະຫວ່າງສົງຄາມໂລກຄັ້ງທີ່ໜຶ່ງ]] ຮິດແລໄດ້ຮັບເຊີດຊູກຽດສຳລັບຄວາມກ້າຫານໄດ້ຮັບ[[ກາງເຂນເຫຼັກ]]ຊັ້ນທີ່ສອງ ໃນ ຄ.ສ. 1914 ແລະໂດຍການແນະນຳຂອງ ຮູໂກ ກຸດມັນ ເຂົາໄດ້ຮັບກາງເຂນເຫຼັກຊັ້ນທີ່ໜຶ່ງ ເມື່ອວັນທີ່ 4 ສິງຫາ ຄ.ສ. 1918 ອິສະລິຍາພອນໜ້ອຍຄັ້ງຫຼາຍທີ່ຈະມອບໃຫ້ແກ່ທະຫານຊັ້ນຜູ້ໜ້ອຍເຊັ່ນພົນທະຫານຢ່າງເຂົາ ຕຳແໜ່ງຂອງຮິດແລທີ່ກອງບັນຊາການກົມ ເຮັດໃຫ້ເຂົາມີປະຕິສັມພັນບ່ອຍຄັ້ງກັບນາຍທະຫານອາວຸໂສ ອາດຊ່ອຍໃຫ້ເຂົາໄດ້ຮັບເຄື່ອງອິສະລິຍາພອນນີ້ ແມ້ນພຶດຕິການທີ່ເຮັດໃຫ້ເຂົາໄດ້ຮັບຮາງວັນອາດເປັນຄວາມກ້າຫານ ແຕ່ກໍອາດບໍ່ແມ່ນເລື່ອງພິເສດຫຼາຍນັກ ເຂົາຍັງໄດ້[[ເຂັມການບາດເຈັບສີດຳ]] ເມື່ອວັນທີ່ 18 ພຶດສະພາ ຄ.ສ. 1918 [[File:Hitler 1921.jpg|thumb|upright|อดอล์ฟ ฮิตเลอร์เป็นทหารระหว่างสงครามโลกครั้งที่หนึ่ง|ຮິດແລເປັນທະຫານລະຫວ່າງສົງຄາມໂລກຄັ້ງທີ່ໜຶ່ງ]] ລະຫວ່າງຮັບລາຊະການທີ່ກອງບັນຊາການ ຮິດແລຍັງສ້າງສັນງານສິລະປະຂອງຕົນຕໍ່ໄປ ໂດຍວາດກາຕູນແລະຄຳຊີ້ແຈງແກ່ໜັງສືພິມກອງທັບລະຫວ່າງຍຸດທະການແມ່ນ້ຳຊອມ ໃນເດືອນຕຸລາ ຄ.ສ. 1916 ເຂົາຮັບບາດເຈັບທີ່ບໍລິເວນຂາໜີບ<ref>Alastair Jamieson, [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/3481932/Nazi-leader-Hitler-really-did-have-only-one-ball.html ''Nazi leader Hitler really did have only one ball.html''], [[The Daily Telegraph]], retrieved on 20 November 2008</ref> ຫຼືຕົ້ນຂາຊ້າຍເມື່ອກະສຸນປືນໃຫຍ່ລະເບີດໃນຫຼຸມຂອງພົນນຳສານລະຫວ່າງຍຸດທະການແມ່ນ້ຳຊອມ ຮິດແລໃຊ້ເວລາເກືອບສອງເດືອນໃນໂຮງໝໍກາຊາດທີ່ບີລິດ ເຂົາກັບມາຍັງກົມຂອງເຂົາເມື່ອວັນທີ່ 5 ມີນາ ຄ.ສ. 1917 ວັນທີ່ 15 ຕຸລາ ຄ.ສ. 1918 ຮິດແລຊົ່ວຄາວຈາກການໂຈມຕີດ້ວຍ[[ແກສມັສຕາດ]]ແລະຮັບການຮັກສາໃນໂຮງໝໍໃນພາເຊວັນ ຂະນະຮັກສາຕົວຢູ່ ຮິດແລຊາບຂ່າວການພ່າຍແພ້ຂອງເຢຍລະມັນ ແລະຈາກບັນທຶກຂອງເຂົາ ເມື່ອຊາບຂ່າວເຂົາກໍຕາບອດອີກເປັນຄັ້ງທີ່ສອງ ຮິດແລຮູ້ສຶກຂົມຂື່ນຕໍ່ການພັງທະລາຍຂອງຄວາມພະຍາຍາມເຮັດສົງຄາມແລະການພັດທະນາອຸດົມການເລິ່ມເປັນຮູບເປັນຮ່າງຢ່າງມັ່ນຄົງ ເຂົາອະທິບາຍສົງຄາມວ່າເປັນ "ປະສົບການຍິ່ງໃຫຍ່ທີ່ສຸດເໜືອອື່ນໃດ" ແລະໄດ້ຮັບການຍົກຍ່ອງຈາກນາຍທະຫານຜູ້ບັງຄັບບັນຊາສຳລັບຄວາມກ້າຫານຂອງເຂົາ ປະສົບການນີ້ສົ່ງຜົນໃຫ້ຮິດແລເປັນຜູ້ຮັກຊາດເຢຍລະມັນຢ່າງຫຼົງໄຫຼແລະຮູ້ສຶກຊັອກເມື່ອເຢຍລະມັນຍອມຈຳນົນໃນເດືອນພະຈິກ ຄ.ສ. 1918 ເຊັ່ນດຽວກັບພວກຊາດນິຍົມເຢຍລະມັນທັງຫຼາຍ ເຂົາເຊື່ອໃນຕຳນານແທງຂ້າງຫຼັງ ເຊິ່ງອ້າງວ່າກອງທັບເຢຍລະມັນ "ບໍ່ແພ້ໃນສະໝໍລະພູມ" ໄດ້ຖືກ "ແທງຂ້າງຫຼັງ" ໂດຍຜູ້ນຳພົນລະເຮືອນແລະ[[ລັດທິມາກຊິດ|ມາກຊິດ]]ຈາກແນວຫຼັງ ນັກການເມືອງເຫຼົ່ານີ້ພາຍຫຼັງຖືກຂະໜານນາມວ່າ "ອາດຊະຍາກອນພະຈິກ" [[ສົນທິສັນຢາແວຊາຍ]]ກຳໜົດໃຫ້[[ປະເທດເຢຍລະມັນ|ເຢຍລະມັນ]]ຕ້ອງສະຫຼະດິນແດນຫຼາຍແຫ່ງແລະໃຫ້ໄຣນ໌ແລນປອດທະຫານ ສົນທິສັນຢາກຳໜົດການລົງໂທດທາງເສດຖະກິດແລະເອິ້ນເກັບ[[ຄ່າປະຕິກຳສົງຄາມ]]ຈາກປະເທດ ຊາວເຢຍລະມັນຈຳນວນຫຼາຍເຂົ້າໃຈວ່າສົນທິສັນຢານີ້ ໂດຍສະເພາະຢ່າງຍິ່ງ[[ຂໍ້ 231 ຂອງສົນທິສັນຢາແວຊາຍ|ຂໍ້ 231]] ເຊິ່ງປະກາດໃຫ້ເຢຍລະມັນຮັບຜິດຊອບຕໍ່ສົງຄາມເປັນຄວາມອັບປະຍົດອົດສູ ສະພາບທາງເສດຖະກິດ ສັງຄົມແລະການເມືອງໃນເຢຍລະມັນໄດ້ຮັບຜົນກະທົບຈາກສົງຄາມແລະ[[ສົນທິສັນຢາແວຊາຍ]] ພາຍຫຼັງຖືກຮິດແລໃຊ້ສະແຫວງປະໂຫຍດທາງການເມືອງ == ເຂົ້າສູ່ການເມືອງ == === ສະມາຊິກພັກກຳມະກອນ === ຫຼັງສົງຄາມໂລກຄັ້ງທີ່ໜຶ່ງຍຸດຕິ ຮິດແລກັບມາຍັງມິວນິກ ເພາະບໍ່ມີແຜນຫຼືໂອກາດການສຶກສາແລະອາຊີບຢ່າງເປັນທາງການ ເຂົາຈຶງພະຍາຍາມຢູ່ໃນກອງທັບໃຫ້ດົນທີ່ສຸດເທົ່າທີ່ຈະເຮັດໄດ້ ເດືອນກໍລະກົດ ຄ.ສ. 1919 ເຂົາໄດ້ຮັບແຕ່ງຕັ້ງເປັນແວບິນດຸງສະມັນ (ເຈົ້າໜ້າທີ່ການຂ່າວ) ແຫ່ງເອາຟ໌ແຄລລຸງຄອມມັນໂດ (ຄອມມານໂດລາດຕະເວນ) ຂອງໄລທ໌ສະເວ ເພື່ອມີອຳນາດບັງຄັບທະຫານອື່ນແລະເພື່ອແຊກຊຶມພັກກຳມະກອນເຢຍລະມັນ (DAP) ລະຫວ່າງທີ່ເຂົາເຝົ້າຕິດຕາມກິດຈະກຳຂອງພັກ DAP ຮິດແລຖືກດຶງດູດໂດຍແນວຄິດຕໍ່ຕ້ານຍິວ ຊາດນິຍົມ ຕໍ່ຕ້ານທຸນນິຍົມ ແລະຕໍ່ຕ້ານມາກຊິດຂອງອັນທອນ ເເດັກ ແລ ຜູ້ກໍ່ຕັ້ງພັກ ເເດັກແລສະນັບສະໜຸນລັດຖະບານທີ່ມີສັກກະຍະແຂັງຂັນ ສັງຄົມນິຍົມລຸ້ນທີ່ "ບໍ່ແມ່ນຍິວ" ແລະຄວາມສາມັກຄີທ່າມກາງສະມາຊິກທັງໝົດຂອງສັງຄົມດ້ວຍປະທັບໃຈກັບທັກສະວາທະສິນຂອງຮິດແລ ເເດັກແລຈຶງເຊີນເຂົາເຂົ້າຮ່ວມ DAP ຮິດແລຍອມຮັບເມື່ອວັນທີ່ 12 ກັນຍາ ຄ.ສ. 1919 ເປັນສະມາຊິກພັກຄົນທີ່ 55 [[File:Hitler's_DAP_membership_card.png|thumb|left|สำเนาบัตรสมาชิกพรรคกรรมกรเยอรมันของอดอล์ฟ ฮิตเลอร์|ສຳເນົາບັດສະມາຊິກພັກກຳມະກອນເຢຍລະມັນຂອງອາໂດນ ຮິດແລ]] ທີ່ DAP ຮິດແລພົບດີທິດ ແອັກຄາດ ໜຶ່ງໃນສະມາຊິກຄົນແຮກ ໆ ຂອງພັກແລະສະມາຊິກຂອງລັດທິທູເລີໂຊໄຊຕີ (Thule Society) ແອັກຄາດໄດ້ກາຍມາເປັນຜູ້ໃຫ້ຄຳປຶກສາແກ່ຮິດແລ ແລກປ່ຽນຄວາມຄິດກັບເຂົາແລະແນະນຳໃຫ້ເຂົາຮູ້ຈັກກັບບຸກຄົນໃນສັງຄົມມິວນິກຢ່າງກວ້າງຂວາງ ເພື່ອຕື່ມຄວາມນ່າດຶງດູດແກ່ພັກ ທາງພັກໄດ້ປ່ຽນຊື່ເປັນ "ນາຊີໂຍນອັນໂຊຊີອັນລິດທີເຊີ ດອຍເຊີ ອາໄບແທພາໄທ" ຫຼື ພັກສັງຄົມນິຍົມກຳມະກອນແຫ່ງຊາດເຢຍລະມັນ (ຍໍ້ເປັນ NSDAP) ຮິດແລອອກແບບທຸງຂອງພັກເປັນ[[ສະຫວັດຕິກະ]]ໃນວົງກົມສີຂາວບົນພື້ນຫຼັງສີແດງ ຫຼັງຖືກປົດປະຈຳການໃນເດືອນມີນາ ຄ.ສ. 1920 ຮິດແລເລິ່ມເຮັດວຽກກັບພັກເຕັມເວລາ ໃນເດືອນກຸມພາ ຄ.ສ. 1921 ຮິດແລເຊິ່ງສາມາດປາໄສຕໍ່ຜູ້ຟັງຈຳນວນຫຼາຍໄດ້ເປັນຜົນດີແລ້ວ ປາໄສແກ່ຝູງຊົນຫຼາຍກວ່າຫົກພັນຄົນໃນມິວນິກ ໃນການປະກາດເຜີຍແພ່ການຊຸມນຸມດັງກ່າວ ຜູ້ສະນັບສະໜຸນພັກສອງຄັນລົດບັນທຸກຂັບໄປຮອບເມືອງແລະໂບກທຸງສະຫວັດດິກະແລະໂຍນໃບປິວ ບໍ່ດົນຮິດແລກໍມີຊື່ສຽງໃນທາງບໍ່ດີຈາກຄວາມເອະອະໂວຍວາຍແລະການປາໄສໂຈມຕີສົນທິສັນຢາແວຊາຍນັກການເມືອງຄູ່ແຂ່ງ ແລະໂດຍສະເພາະຢ່າງຍິ່ງພວກມາກຊິດແລະຍິວ ຂະນະນັ້ນ NSDAP ມີສູນກາງຢູ່ໃນມິວນິກແຫຼ່ງເພາະຫຼັກຂອງລັດທິຊາດນິຍົມເຢຍລະມັນຕໍ່ຕ້ານລັດຖະບານເຊິ່ງຕັ້ງໃຈບົດຂະຍີ້ລັດທິມາກແລະບ່ອນທຳລາຍ[[ສາທາລະນະລັດໄວມາ]] ໃນເດືອນມິຖຸນາ ຄ.ສ. 1921 ລະຫວ່າງທີ່ຮິດແລແລະແອັກຄາດກຳລັງຢູ່ລະຫວ່າງການເດີນທາງໄປລະດົມທຸນຍັງເບີລິນ ໄດ້ເກີດການຈະລາຈົນຂຶ້ນພາຍໃນພັກ DAP ໃນມິວນິກ ສະມາຊິກຄະນະກຳມະການບໍລິຫານພັກ DAP ເຊິ່ງບາງຄົນມອງວ່າຮິດແລຍະໂສເກີນໄປ ຕ້ອງການຮວມກັບພັກສັງຄົມນິຍົມເຢຍລະມັນ (DSP) ຄູ່ແຂ່ງ ຮິດແລເດີນທາງກັບມິວນິກເມື່ອວັນທີ່ 11 ກໍລະກົດ ຄ.ສ. 1921 ແລະຍື່ນໃບລາອອກຈາກພັກດ້ວຍຄວາມໂກດ ສະມາຊິກກຳມະການຕະໜັກວ່າການລາອອກຂອງເຂົາຈະໝາຍເຖິງຈຸດຈົບຂອງພັກ ຮິດແລປະກາດຈະກັບເຂົ້າພັກອີກຄັ້ງເມື່ອເຂົາເປັນຫົວໜ້າພັກແທນແດັກແລະທີ່ເຮັດການພັກຈະຍັງຢູ່ໃນມິວນິກຕໍ່ໄປ ຄະນະກຳມະການຕົກລົງ ເຂົາເຂົ້າຮ່ວມພັກອີກຄັ້ງເປັນສະມາຊິກຄົນທີ່ 3,680 ເຂົາຍັງຜະເຊີນກັບການຄັດຄ້ານພາຍໃນພັກບ້າງ ແຮມັນ ແອສແຊແລະພັນທະມິດຂອງເຂົາພິມແຜ່ນພັບ 3,000 ແຜ່ນໂຈມຕີຮິດແລວ່າເປັນຜູ້ທໍລະຍົດພັກ ບໍ່ກີ່ວັນໃຫ້ຫຼັງ ຮິດແລກ່າວແກ້ຕ່າງແລະໄດ້ຮັບສຽງປົບມືດັງສະໜັ່ນຍຸດທະສາດຂອງເຂົາພິສູດແລ້ວວ່າປະສົບຜົນ ທີ່ການປະຊຸມໃຫຍ່ສະມາຊິກພັກ DAP ເຂົາໄດ້ຮັບອຳນາດເຕັມໃນຖານະຫົວໜ້າພັກ ໂດຍໄດ້ຮັບສຽງຄັດຄ້ານພຽງສຽງດຽວ ຮິດແລຍັງໄດ້ຮັບການຊົດໃຊ້ຈາກຄະດີໝິ່ມປະໝາດກັບໜັງສືພິມສັງຄົມນິຍົມ ມຶນ ແຊແນ ໂພສຕ໌ ເຊິ່ງຕັ້ງຄຳຖາມເຖິງວິຖີຊີວິດແລະລາຍໄດ້ຂອງເຂົາ ສຸນທໍລະພົດໂຮງເບຍທີ່ເຜັດຮ້ອນຂອງຮິດແລເລິ່ມດຶງດູດຜູ້ຟັງຂາປະຈຳ ເຂົາເລິ່ມຊ້ຳຊອງໃນການໃຊ້ແກ່ນປະຊານິຍົມຕໍ່ຜູ້ຟັງຂອງເຂົາ ຮວມທັງການໃຊ້ແພະຮັບບາບຜູ້ເຊິ່ງສາມາດໃຊ້ກ່າວໂທດແກ່ຄວາມຢາກລຳບາກທາງເສດຖະກິດຂອງຜູ້ຟັງເຂົາ ນັກປະຫວັດສາດໄດ້ສັງເກດປາກົດຕະການສະກົດຈິດຂອງວາທະສິນທີ່ເຂົາໃຊ້ຕໍ່ຜູ້ຟັງກຸ່ມໃຫຍ່ແລະຂອງຕາເຂົາໃນກຸ່ມໜ້ອຍ ເເຄສເຊລຂຽນວ່າ "ຢ່າງລົ້ນຫຼາມ...ຊາວເຢຍລະມັນເອີ່ຍກັບການຮ່າຍມົນຂອງຄວາມດຶງດູດໃຈ 'ສະກົດຈິດ' ຂອງຮິດແລ ຄຳນີ້ປາກົດຂຶ້ນຊ້ຳແລ້ວຊ້ຳເລົ່າ ຮິດແລກ່າວກັນວ່າໄດ້ສະກົດຈິດປະເທດຊາດ ຍຶດພວກເຂົາຢູ່ໃນພະວັງທີ່ຖອນຕົວບໍ່ຂຶ້ນ" ນັກປະຫວັດສາດ ຮິວ ເທເວີ-ໂລເປີ ອະທິບາຍວ່າ "ຄວາມມີສະເໝ່ຂອງດວງຕາຄູ່ນັ້ນ ເຊິ່ງສະກົດຊາຍທີ່ເບິ່ງສຸຂຸມມານັກຕໍ່ນັກ" ເຂົາໃຊ້ອຳນາດດຶງດູດສ່ວນຕົວຂອງເຂົາແລະຄວາມເຂົ້າໃຈໃນຈິດວິທະຍາຝູງຊົນເປັນປະໂຫຍດແກ່ເຂົາ ລະຫວ່າງເວົ້າໃນທີ່ສາທາລະນະ ອັນຟອນ ແຮັກ ອະດີດສະມາຊິກຍຸວະຊົນຮິດແລ ອະທິບາຍປະຕິກິລິຍາທີ່ມີຕໍ່ສຸນທໍລະພົດຂອງຮິດແລວ່າ "ເຮົາປະທຸເຂົ້າສູ່ຄວາມບ້າຄັ່ງຂອງຄວາມພູມໃຈຊາດນິຍົມທີ່ຢູ່ຕິດກັບຮິດທີເລຍເປັນເວລາຫຼາຍນາທີຕິດກັນ ເຮົາຕະໂກນສຸດປອນຂອງເຮົາ ຊີກ, ໄຮລ໌ ຊີກ, ໄຮລ໌ ຊີກ, ໄຮລ໌! ນັບແຕ່ຊົ່ວຂະນະນັ້ນຂ້າພະເຈົ້າເປັນອາໂດນ ຮິດແລທົ່ວຮ່າງກາຍແລະວິນຍານ" ແມ້ນທັກສະວາທະສິນແລະຄຸນນະສົມບັດສ່ວນຕົວຂອງເຂົາໂດຍທົ່ວໄປຈະໄດ້ຮັບການຕອບຮັບຈາກຝູງຊົນຂະໜາດໃຫຍ່ແລະໃນວຽກທາງການ ແຕ່ບາງຄົນທີ່ພົບຮິດແລເປັນການສ່ວນຕົວສັງເກດວ່າ ລັກສະນະພາຍນອກແລະບຸຄະລິກຂອງເຂົາບໍ່ອາດໃຫ້ຄວາມປະທັບໃຈສຸດທ້າຍແກ່ພວກເຂົາໄດ້ ຜູ້ຕິດຕາມຄົນແຮກ ໆ ມີ[[ຮູດັອບ ແຮສ]],ອະດີດນັກບິນກອງທັບອາກາດ [[ແຮມັນ ເກີລິງ]] ແລະຮ້ອຍເອກກອງທັບບົກ [[ແອນ ເລີມ]] ຜູ້ເຊິ່ງຕໍ່ມາ ເປັນຫົວໜ້າອົງການ[[ກຳລັງກຶ່ງທະຫານ]]ຂອງນາຊີ [[ສະທຸມັບໄທລຸງ]] (SA, "ກອງພົນວາຍຸ") ເຊິ່ງຄອຍຄຸ້ມຄອງການປະຊຸມແລະໂຈມຕີຄູ່ແຂ່ງການເມືອງຢູ່ບ່ອຍຄັ້ງ ອິດທິພົນສຳຄັນຕໍ່ການຄິດຂອງເຂົາໃນຊ່ວງນີ້ຄື [[ອາຟເບົາ ແວໄລນີກຸງ]] ກຸ່ມສົມຄົບຄິດອັນປະກອບດ້ວຍກຸ່ມພວກລັດເຊຍຂາວເນລະເທດແລະພວກຊາດນິຍົມຊ່ວງແຮກ ໆ ກຸ່ມດັງກ່າວເຊິ່ງໄດ້ຮັບການສະນັບສະໜຸນດ້ານການເງິນຈາກກອງທຸນທີ່ມາຈາກນັກອຸສະຫະກຳອັນມັ່ງຄັ່ງຢ່າງ[[ເຮນລີ ຟອດ]] ແນະນຳເຂົາສູ່ແນວຄິດຂອງການສົມຄົບຄິດຍິວ ໂດຍເຊື່ອມໂຍງການເງິນລະຫວ່າງປະເທດກັບບານເຊວິກ === ກະບົດໂຮງເບຍ === {{See also|ກະບົດໂຮງເບຍ}} ຮິດແລຂໍການສະນັບສະໜຸນຈາກພົນເອກສົງຄາມໂລກຄັ້ງທີ່ໜຶ່ງ [[ອີລິດ ລູແດນດອບ]] ສຳລັບພະຍາຍາມກໍ່ລັດຖະປະຫານທີ່ເອິ້ນວ່າ "ກະບົດໂຮງເບຍ" ພັກນາຊີໄດ້ໃຊ້ລັດທິຟາສຊິດອິຕາລີເປັນແບບພາບລັກແລະນະໂຍບາຍ ແລະໃນ [[ຄ.ສ. 1923]] ຮິດແລຕ້ອງການລຽນແບບ [[ການເດີນຂະບວນແຫ່ງໂຣມ|ການສວນສະໜາມແຫ່ງໂຣມ]]ຂອງ[[ແບນິໂຕ ມຸດໂສລິນີ]] ([[ຄ.ສ. 1922]])ໂດຍຈັດລັດຖະປະຫານຂອງເຂົາເອງໃນບາວາເລຍ ຕາມດ້ວຍການທ້າທາຍລັດຖະບານໃນເບີລິນ ຮິດແລແລະລູແດນດອບສະແຫວງຫາການສະນັບສະໜຸນສະທາສຄອມນິວນີສຕ໌ແຊຣ໌ ແລະພົນເອກແຫ່ງໄຣຊ໌ແວ ອອດໂທ ຟອນ ລອດຊໍ ຕ້ອງການສະຖາປະນາລັດທິຜະເດັດການລັດທິຊາດນິຍົມໂດຍປາດສະຈາກຮິດແລ [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 102-00344A, München, nach Hitler-Ludendorff Prozess.jpg|thumb|250px|จำเลยในการพิจารณากบฏโรงเบียร์ ฮิตเลอร์เป็นคนที่สี่นับจากขวาสุด|ຈຳເລີຍໃນການພິຈາລະນາກະບົດໂຮງເບຍ ຮິດແລເປັນຄົນທີ່ສີ່ນັບຈາກຂວາສຸດ]] ຮິດແລຕ້ອງການສວຍໂອກາດສຳຄັນເພື່ອການປຸກປັ່ນແລະການສະນັບສະໜຸນຂອງປະຊາຊົນຢ່າງໄດ້ຜົນ ວັນທີ່ 8 ພະຈິກ [[ຄ.ສ. 1923]] ເຂົາແລະ SA ໂຈມຕີການປະຊຸມສາທາລະນະທີ່ມີຜູ້ເຂົ້າຮ່ວມ 3,000 ຄົນ ເຊິ່ງຈັດໂດຍຄາໃນເບືແກບອຍແຄລແລ ໂຮງເບຍຂະໜາດໃຫຍ່ໃນມິວນິກ ຮິດແລຂັດຈັງຫວະຂອງຄາແລະປະກາດວ່າການປະຕິວັດແຫ່ງຊາດເລິ່ມຕົ້ນຂຶ້ນ ປະກາດຈັດຂຶ້ນລັດຖະບານໃໝ່ກັບລູແດນດັອບ ໂດຍຊັກປືນພົກອອກມາ ຮິດແລຕ້ອງການແລະໄດ້ຮັບການສະນັບສະໜຸນຈາກຄາ ໄຊແຊແລະລອດຊໍ ກອງກຳລັງຂອງຮິດແລປະສົບຄວາມສຳເລັດຊ່ວງທຳອິດໃນການຍຶດໄຣຊ໌ສະແວແລະກອງບັງຄັບການຕຳລວດທ້ອງຖິ່ນ ຢ່າງໃດກໍດີ ບໍ່ມີກອງທັບຫຼືຕຳລວດລັດເຂົ້າຮ່ວມກັບກອງກຳລັງຂອງເຂົາ ຄາແລະເພື່ອນຂອງເຂົາຮີບຖອນການສະນັບສະໜຸນຂອງຕົນແລະໜີໄປເຂົ້າກັບຝ່າຍຕໍ່ຕ້ານຮິດແລ ວັນຕໍ່ມາ ຮິດແລແລະຜູ້ຕິດຕາມເດີນຂະບວນຈາກໂຮງເບຍລະຫວ່າງ "ການສວນສະໜາມແຫ່ງເບີລິນ" ແຕ່ຕຳລວດສະຫຼາຍການຊຸມນຸມສະມາຊິກ NSDAP ສິບຫົກຄົນແລະເຈົ້າໜ້າທີ່ຕຳລວດສີ່ນາຍຖືກສັງຫານໄປໃນລັດທີ່ລົ້ນເຫຼວ ຮິດແລຫຼົບໜີໄປຍັງບ້ານຂອງແອນ ຮັນສະທາແອງແລະຫຼັກຖານບາງຊິ້ນວ່າ ເຂົາຄິດເຮັດອັດວິນິບາດກຳ (ຂ້າຕົວຕາຍ) ເຂົາຮູ້ສຶກຫົດຫູ່ແຕ່ສະຫງົບລົງເມື່ອຖືກຈັບກຸມໃນວັນທີ່ 11 ພະຈິກ [[ຄ.ສ. 1923]] ດ້ວຍຂໍ້ຫາກະບົດ ການພິຈາລະນາຄະດີຂອງເຂົາເລິ່ມຂຶ້ນໃນເດືອນກຸມພາ ຄ.ສ. 1924 ຕໍ່ໜ້າສານປະຊາຊົນພິເສດໃນມິວນິກ ແລະອັນເຟດ ໂຣແຊນແບກເປັນຜູ້ນຳຊົ່ວຄາວຂອງ NSDAP ແທນ ວັນທີ່ 1 ເມສາ ຮິດແລຖືກຕັດສິນຈຳຄຸກຫ້າປີໃນເຮືອນຈຳລັນສະແບກ ເຂົາໄດ້ຮັບການປະຕິບັດຢ່າງເປັນມິດຈາກຜູ້ຄຸມແລະໄດ້ຮັບອະນຸຢາດໃຫ້ຮັບຈົດໝາຍຈຳນວນຫຼາຍຈາກຜູ້ສະນັບສະໜຸນແລະມີການເຂົ້າຢ່ຽມເປັນປະຈຳຈາກເພື່ອນຮ່ວມພັກ ສານສູງສຸດບາວາເລຍອະໄພຍະໂທດແລະເຂົາຖືກປ່ອຍຕົວຈາກເຮືອນຈຳເມື່ອວັນທີ່ 20 ທັນວາ [[ຄ.ສ. 1924]] ແຍ້ງຕໍ່ການທັດທານຂອງໄອຍະການລັດ ເຊິ່ງຫາກຮວມເວລາລະຫວ່າງຄຸມຂັງລໍການພິຈາລະນາຄະດີແລ້ວ ຮິດແລໄດ້ຮັບໂທດໃນເຮືອນຈຳທັງສິ້ນເກີນໜຶ່ງປີເລັກໜ້ອຍເທົ່ານັ້ນ ຂະນະຖືກຈອງຈຳຢູ່ທີ່ເຮືອນຈຳລັນສະແບກ ເຂົາໄດ້ອຸທິດ [[ໄມຄັມພ໌]] ("ການຕໍ່ສູ້ຂອງຂ້າພະເຈົ້າ ເດີມຊື່ "ສີ່ປີເຄິ່ງກັບການຕໍ່ສູ້ກັບຄຳໂກຫົກ ຄວາມເຂົາແລະຄວາມຂາດ") ສະບັບຕີພິມຄັ້ງທຳອິດສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ ແກ່ຜູ້ຊ່ວຍຂອງເຂົາ ລູດອບ ເຮສ ໄມຄັມພ໌ ເຊິ່ງອຸທິດໃຫ້ກັບສະມາຊິກທູເລີໂຊໄຊຕີ ດີທິດ ແອັກຄາດໄດ້ຮັບອິດທີພົນຈາກໜັງສື The Passing of the Great Race ໂດຍແມດີສັນ ແກນ ເຊິ່ງຮິດແລເອິ້ນວ່າ "[[ຄຳພີໄບເບິລ|ໄບເບິລຂອງຂ້າພະເຈົ້າ]]" ໄມຄັມພ໌ໄດ້ຮັບການຕີພິມສອງຄັ້ງໃນ [[ຄ.ສ. 1925]] ແລະ 1926 ຂາຍໄດ້ປະມານ 228,000 ເຫຼິ້ມລະຫວ່າງ ຄ.ສ. 1925 ແລະ 1932 ໃນຄ.ສ. 1933 ເຊິ່ງເປັນປີທີ່ຮິດແລເຂົ້າດຳລົງຕຳແໜ່ງນາຍົກລັດຖະມົນຕີ ຂາຍໄດ້ໜຶ່ງລ້ານເຫຼິ້ມ === ການສ້າງພັກໃໝ່ === ເມື່ອຮິດແລຖືກປ່ອຍຕົວຈາກເຮືອນຈຳນັ້ນ ການເມືອງໃນເຢຍລະມັນສະຫງົບລົງແລະເສດຖະກິດເລິ່ມຟື້ນຕົວ ເຊິງຈຳກັດໂອກາດຂອງຮິດແລໃນການປຸກລະດົມທາງການເມືອງ ຜົນຂອງກະບົດໂຮງເບຍລົ້ມເຫຼວ ເຮັດໃຫ້ NSDAP ແລະອົງການສືບເນື່ອງຖືກກົດໝາຍຫ້າມໃນລັດບາວາເລຍ ໃນການປະຊຸມກັບນາຍົກລັດຖະມົນຕີ [[ໄຮລິດ ເຮລດ໌]] ເມື່ອວັນທີ່ 4 ມັງກອນ [[ຄ.ສ. 1925]] ຮິດແລຕົກລົງທີ່ຈະເຄົາຮົບອຳນາດໂດຍຊອບຂອງລັດ ແລະເຂົາຈະມຸ່ງມັ່ນສະແຫວງຫາອຳນາດທາງການເມືອງສະເພາະຜ່ານກະບວນການປະຊາທິປະໄຕເທົ່ານັ້ນ ການປະຊຸມດັງກ່າວນຳໄປສູ່ການຍົກເລີກການຫ້າມ NSDAP ຢ່າງໃດກໍດີ ຮິດແລຍັງຖືກຫ້າມບໍ່ໃຫ້ປາໄສຕໍ່ສາທາລະນະ ເຊິ່ງຍັງມີຜົນໄປຈົນຮອດ [[ຄ.ສ. 1927]] ໃນການເດີນໜ້າຄວາມທະເຍີທະຍານທາງການເມືອງແມ້ນຈະມີການສັ່ງຫ້າມນີ້ ຮິດແລແຕ່ງຕັ້ງ[[ເກກໍ ສະທັດເຊີ]],[[ອອດໂທ ສະທັດເຊີ]]ແລະໂຍແຊັບ ເກີບເບິລໃຫ້ຈັດການແລະຂະຫຍາຍ NSDAP ທາງຕອນເໜືອຂອງເຢຍລະມັນ ດ້ວຍຄວາມເປັນຜູ້ຈັດທີ່ຍອດຍ່ຽມເກກໍ ສະທັດເຊີໄດ້ເດີນໜ້າວິຖີການເມືອງທີ່ເປັນອິສະຫຼະຫຼາຍຂຶ້ນ ໂດຍເນັ້ນອົງປະກອບຂອງສັງຄົມນິຍົມໃນໂຄງການພັກ ຮິດແລປົກຄອງ NSDAP ໂດຍອັດຕະໂນມັດໂດຍອ້າງຟຶແລພິນຊິບ ("ຫຼັກການຜູ້ນຳ") ຕຳແໜ່ງພາຍໃນບໍ່ຖືກກຳໜົດໂດຍການເລືອກຕັ້ງ ແຕ່ຈະຖືກບັນຈຸຜ່ານການແຕ່ງຕັ້ງໂດຍຜູ້ມີຕຳແໜ່ງສູງກວ່າ ເຊິ່ງຕ້ອງການການເຊື່ອຟັງໂດຍບໍ່ມີຄຳຖາມຕໍ່ປະສົງຂອງຜູ້ນຳ ຕະຫຼາດຫຼັກຊັບໃນ[[ສະຫະລັດອາເມລິກາ]]ຕົກເມື່ອວັນທີ່ 24 ຕຸລາ [[ຄ.ສ. 1929]] ຜົນກະທົບໃນເຢຍລະມັນນັ້ນເຫຼວຮ້າຍຫຼາຍ ຫຼາຍລ້ານຄົນຕົກງານແລະທະນາຄານຫຼັກຫຼາຍແຫ່ງຕ້ອງປິດກິຈະການ ຮິດແລແລະ NSDAP ກຽມສວຍໂອກາດຈາກເຫດສຸກເສີນເພື່ອຮຽກສຽງສະນັບສະໜຸນແກ່ພັກ ພວກເຂົາສັນຢາວ່າຈະບອກເລີກສົນທິສັນຢາແວຊາຍ ເສີມສ້າງເສດຖະກິດແລະຈັດຫາງານ == ການຖະເຫຼີງອຳນາດ == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align: right;" |- |+ ຜົນການເລືອກຕັ້ງພັກນາຊີ |- ! scope="col" | ວັນທີ່ ! scope="col" | ຄະແນນສຽງທັງໝົດ ! scope="col" | ຮ້ອຍລະຄະແນນສຽງ ! scope="col" | ທີ່ນັ່ງໃນໄຣຊ໌ສະທັກ ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | ໝາຍເຫດ |- ! scope="row" | ພຶດສະພາ ຄ.ສ. 1924 | 1,918,300 | 6.5 | 32 | style="text-align:left;" | ຮິດແລຢູ່ໃນເຮືອນຈຳ |- ! scope="row" | ທັນວາ ຄ.ສ. 1924 | 907,300 | 3.0 | 14 | style="text-align:left;" | ຮິດແລໄດ້ຮັບການປ່ອຍຕົວ |- ! scope="row" | ພຶດສະພາ ຄ.ສ. 1928 | 810,100 | 2.6 | 12 | style="text-align:left;" | &nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ກັນຍາ ຄ.ສ. 1930 | 6,409,600 | 18.3 | 107 | style="text-align:left;" | ຫຼັງວິກິດຕະການການເງິນ |- ! scope="row" | ກໍລະກົດ ຄ.ສ. 1932 | 13,745,000 | 37.3 | 230 | style="text-align:left;" | ຫຼັງຮິດແລລົງສະມັກຊິງຕຳແໜ່ງປະທານາທິບໍດີ |- ! scope="row" | ພະຈິກ ຄ.ສ. 1932 | 11,737,000 | 33.1 | 196 | style="text-align:left;"|&nbsp; |- ! scope="row" | ມີນາ ຄ.ສ. 1933 | 17,277,180 | 43.9 | 288 | style="text-align:left;" | ລະຫວ່າງຮິດແລດຳລົງຕຳແໜ່ງນາຍົກລັດຖະມົນຕີ |} === ລັດຖະບານບືນິງ === [[ພາວະເສດຖະກິດຕົກຕ່ຳຄັ້ງໃຫຍ່]]ໃນເຢຍລະມັນເປັນໂອກາດທາງການເມືອງສຳລັບຮິດແລ ຊາວເຢຍລະມັນລັງເລຕໍ່ສາທາລະນະລັດລັດຖະສະພາ ເຊິ່ງຜະເຊີນກັບປັນຫາຄຸກຄາມສຳຄັນຈາກຈາກທັງພວກຂວາແລະຊ້າຍຈັດສຸດໂຕ່ງພັກການເມືອງສາຍກາງບໍ່ສາມາດຫຍຸດຍັ້ງກະແສແຫ່ງລັດທິສຸດໂຕ່ງເພິ່ມຂຶ້ນຕະຫຼອດເວລາແລະການລົງປະຊາມັດຕິເຢຍລະມັນ ຄ.ສ. 1929 ຊ່ອຍຍົກລະດັບອຸດົມການນາຊີ ການເລືອກຕັ້ງເມື່ອເດືອນກັນຍາ ຄ.ສ. 1930 ສົ່ງຜົນໃຫ້ລັດຖະບານຜະສົມຊຸດໃຫຍ່ແຕກຫັກແລະແທນທີ່ໂດຍຄະນະລັດຖະມົນຕີຂ້າງໜ້ອຍນາຍົກລັດຖະມົນຕີໄຮລິດ ບືນິງແຫ່ງພັກກາງ ຜູ້ນຳຄະນະລັດຖະມົນຕີຊຸດນັ້ນ ປົກຄອງໂດຍກິດສະດີກາສຸກເສີນຈາກປະທານາທິບໍດີ [[ເພົາ ຟອນ ຮິນແດນບູກ]] ການປົກຄອງໂດຍກິດສະດີກາຈະກາຍມາເປັນບັນທັດຖານໃໝ່ແລະປູທາງແກ່ລັດຖະບານແບບອຳນາດນິຍົມ NSDAP ເຕີບໂຕຈາກພັກທີ່ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໃດຮູ້ຈັກແລະໄດ້ຄະແນນສຽງ 18.3 % ແລະ 107 ທີ່ນັ່ງໃນລັດຖະສະພາໃນການເລືອກຕັ້ງ [[ຄ.ສ. 1930]] ກາຍມາເປັນພັກໃຫຍ່ທີ່ສຸດອັນດັບສອງໃນສະພາ ຮິດແລປາກົດກາຍຄັ້ງສຳຄັນໃນການພິຈາລະນາຄະດີຂອງນາຍທະຫານໄຣຊ໌ສະແວສອງນາຍ ຮ້ອຍຕີລີຊາດ ເຊລິນແກແລະຮັນ ລູດິນ ໃນລະດູໃບໄມ້ຣ່ວງ ຄ.ສ. 1930 ທັງສອງຖືກຕັ້ງຂໍ້ຫາເປັນສະມາຊິກ NSDAP ເຊິ່ງຂະນະນັ້ນ ກົດໝາຍບໍ່ອະນຸຢາດໃຫ້ກຳລັງພົນໄຣຊ໌ສະແວເປັນສະມາຊິກ ໄອຍະການໃຫ້ເຫດຜົນວ່າ NSDAP ແມ່ນພັກສຸດໂຕ່ງ ທະນາຍຝ່າຍຈຳເລີຍ ຮັນ ຟັງ ຈຶງເອິ້ນຮິດແລມາໃຫ້ການເປັນພະຍານໃນສານ ວັນທີ່ 25 ກັນຍາ ຄ.ສ. 1930 ຮິດແລໃຫ້ການວ່າພັກຂອງເຂົາຈະສະແຫວງຫາອຳນາດທາງການເມືອງສະເພາະຜ່ານການເລືອກຕັ້ງຕາມວິຖີປະຊາທິປະໄຕເທົ່ານັ້ນ ການໃຫ້ການເຮັດໃຫ້ເຂົາໄດ້ຮັບການສະນັບສະໜຸນຫຼາຍໃນໝູ່ນາຍທະຫານໃນກອງທັບ [[ມາດຕະການຮັດເຂັມຂັດ]]ຂອງບືນິງເຮັດເສດຖະກິດກະເຕື້ອງຂຶ້ນເລັກໜ້ອຍແລະບໍ່ເປັນທີ່ນິຍົມຢ່າງຍິ່ງຮິດແລສວຍຄວາມອ່ອນແອນີ້ໂດຍສົ່ງຂໍ້ຄວາມທາງການເມືອງຂອງເຂົາເຈາະຈົງໄປຍັງປະຊາຊົນທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບຜົນກະທົບຈາກພາວະເງິນເຟີ້ຊ່ວງຄິດທົດສະວັດ 1920 ແລະພາວະເສດຖະກິດຕົກຕ່ຳຄັ້ງໃຫຍ່ ເຊັ່ນ ຊາວນາ ທະຫານຜ່ານສຶກ ຮິດແລສະຫຼະສັນຊາດໂອຕະລິດຂອງເຂົາຢ່າງເປັນທາງການເມື່ອວັນທີ່ 7 ເມສາ ຄ.ສ. 1925 ແຕ່ໃນຂະນະນັ້ນ ເຂົາຍັງບໍ່ໄດ້ສັນຊາດເຢຍລະມັນເປັນເວລາເກືອບເຈັດປີທີ່ບໍ່ມີສັນຊາດ ບໍ່ສາມາດເຂົ້າຊິງຕຳແໜ່ງທາງການເມືອງໄດ້ ແລະສ່ຽງຕໍ່ການຖືກເນລະເທດ ວັນທີ່ 25 ກຸມພາ ຄ.ສ. 1932 ລັດຖະມົນຕີມະຫາດໄທແຫ່ງບຸນສະວິກ ຜູ້ເປັນສະມາຊິກ NSDAP ແຕ່ງຕັ້ງຮິດແລເປັນຜູ້ບໍລິຫານຕົວແທນຂອງລັດໃນໄຣຊ໌ສະລັດໃນເບີລິນ ເຮັດໃຫ້ຮິດແລແມ່ນພົນລະເມືອງບຸນສະວິກແລະຈຶງເປັນພົນລະເມືອງເຢຍລະມັນອີກເທື່ອໜຶ່ງເຊັ່ນກັນ ຄ.ສ. 1932 ຮິດແລລົງສະມັກຮັບເລືອກຕັ້ງເປັນປະທານາທິບໍດີແຂ່ງກັບຟອນ ຮິນແດນບູກ ເຂົາໄດ້ຮັບການສະນັບສະໜຸນຈາກນັກອຸສາຫະກຳທີ່ຊົງອຳນາດທີ່ສຸດຂອງເຢຍລະມັນຫຼາຍຄົນ ຫຼັງສຸນທໍລະພົດວັນທີ່ 27 ມັງກອນ ຄ.ສ. 1932 ຕໍ່ສະພາອຸສາຫະກຳໃນດຶດເຊັລດັອບ ຢ່າງໃດກໍດີ ຮິນແດນບູກໄດ້ຮັບການສະນັບສະໜຸນຈາກພັກຊາດນິຍົມ ກະສັດນິຍົມຄາທໍລິກແລະສາທາລະນະລັດນິຍົມ ຕະຫຼອດຈົນສັງຄົມປະຊາທິປະໄຕບາງພັກ ຮິດແລໃຊ້ຄຳຂວັນລະຫວ່າງຫາສຽງວ່າ "ຮິດແລອືແບດອຍຊະລັນ" (ຮິດແລເໜືອເຢຍລະມັນ) ໂດຍອ້າງເຖິງຄວາມທະເຍີທະຍານທາງການເມືອງແລະການຫາສຽງໂດຍເຄື່ອງບິນຂອງເຂົາ ຮິດແລມາເປັນອັນດັບສອງໃນການເລືອກຕັ້ງທັງສອງຮອບ ໂດຍໄດ້ສຽງຫຼາຍກວ່າ 35% ໃນການເລືອກຕັ້ງຄັ້ງສຸດທ້າຍ ແມ້ນຈະພ່າຍຕໍ່ຮິນແດນບູກ ການເລືອກຕັ້ງຄັ້ງນີ້ເຮັດໃຫ້ຮິດແລເປັນກຳລັງສຳຄັນໃນການເມືອງເຢຍລະມັນ === ການໄດ້ຮັບແຕ່ງຕັ້ງເປັນນາຍົກລັດຖະມົນຕີ === ການຂາດລັດຖະບານທີ່ມີປະສິດທິພາບເຮັດໃຫ້ນັກການເມືອງຊົງອິດທິພົນ ຟຣັນ ຟອນ ພາແພນ ແລະອັນແຟດ ຮູແກນແບກ ຕະຫຼອດຈົນນັກອຸສາຫະກຳແລະນັກທຸລະກິດຫຼາຍຄົນ ຂຽນຈົດໝາຍເຖິງຮິນແດນບູກ ຜູ້ລົງນາມກະຕຸ້ນໃຫ້ຮິນແດນບູກແຕ່ງຕັ້ງຮິດແລເປັນຫົວໜ້າລັດຖະບານ "ເຊິ່ງເປັນອິສະຫຼະຈາກພັກການເມືອງໃນລັດຖະສະພາ" ເຊິ່ງອາດປ່ຽນເປັນຂະບວນການເຊິ່ງອາດສ້າງຄວາມຍິນດີແກ່ປະຊາກອນຫຼາຍລ້ານຄົນ.<ref>{{Citation|accessdate=22 May 2008|url=http://www.glasnost.de/hist/ns/eingabe.html|title=Eingabe der Industriellen an Hindenburg vom November 1932|publisher=Glasnost}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,100474,00.html|title=accessed 20&nbsp;March 2010|publisher=Fox News|date=17 October 2003|accessdate=20 April 2010}}</ref> [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1972-026-11, Machtübernahme Hitlers.jpg|thumb|ฮิตเลอร์ที่หน้าต่างของทำเนียบรัฐบาลไรช์ ขณะได้รับการปรบมือต้อนรับจากประชาชนในเย็นวันที่เขาสาบานตนเข้ารับตำแหน่งนายกรัฐมนตรีเยอรมนี|ຮິດແລທີ່ໜ້າຕ່າງຂອງທຳນຽບລັດຖະບານໄຣຊ໌ ຂະນະໄດ້ຮັບການປົບມືຕ້ອນຮັບຈາກປະຊາຊົນໃນຕອນແລງວັນທີ່ເຂົາສາບານຕົນເຂົ້າຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງນາຍົກລັດຖະມົນຕີເຢຍລະມັນ]] ຮິນແດນບູກຕົກລົງແຕ່ງຕັ້ງຮິດແລເປັນນາຍົກລັດຖະມົນຕີຢ່າງບໍ່ເຕັມໃຈ ຫຼັງການເລືອກຕັ້ງເປັນການທົ່ວໄປອີກສອງຄັ້ງຄື ໃນເດືອນກໍລະກົດແລະພະຈິກ ຄ.ສ. 1932 ບໍ່ມີພັກໃດຈັດຕັ້ງລັດຖະບານສຽງຂ້າງຫຼາຍໄດ້ ຮິດແລຈະເປັນຫົວໜ້າລັດຖະບານຜະສົມຊ່ວງສັ້ນ ໆ ຈັດຕັ້ງໂດຍ NSDAP ແລະພັກປະຊາຊົນແຫ່ງຊາດເຢຍລະມັນ (DNVP) ຂອງຮູແກນແບກ ວັນທີ່ 30 ມັງກອນ ຄ.ສ. 1933 ຄະນະລັດຖະມົນຕີຊຸດໃໝ່ສາບານຕົນເຂົ້າຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງລະຫວ່າງພິທີການທີ່ກະຊັບແລະຮຽບງ່າຍໃນສຳນັກງານຂອງຮິນແດນບູກ NSDAP ນັ່ງຕັ່ງສາມຈາກສິບເອັດຕຳແໜ່ງ ຮິດແລເປັນນາຍົກລັດຖະມົນຕີ ແຮມັນ ເກີລິງເປັນ[[ລັດຖະມົນຕີລອຍ]] ແລະວິນເຮມ ຟຣິກເປັນລັດຖະມົນຕີມະຫາດໄທ === ເຫດການເພີງໄໝ້ໄຣຊ໌ສະທັກ === ຂະນະດຳລົງຕຳແໜ່ງນາຍົກລັດຖະມົນຕີ ຮິດແລດຳເນີນການຕໍ່ຕ້ານຄວາມພະຍາຍາມຂອງຄູ່ແຂ່ງພັກ NSDAP ໃນການຈັດລັດຖະບານສຽງຂ້າງຫຼາຍ ເພາະການຄຸມເຊິງທາງການເມືອງ ຮິດແລຈຶງຂໍປະທານາທິບໍດີຮິນແດນບູກໃຫ້ຍຸບສະພາໄຣຊ໌ສະທັກອີກເທື່ອໜຶ່ງ ແລະກຳໜົດການເລືອກຕັ້ງໄວ້ຕົ້ນເດືອນມີນາວັນທີ່ 27 ກຸມພາ ຄ.ສ. 1933 ອາຄານໄຣຊ໌ສະທັກຖືກວາງເພີງ ເກີລິງກ່າວໂທດວ່າເປັນແຜນການຄອມມິວນິສ ເພາະມາລີນັສ ຟານ ເດີ ລູບເບ (Marinus van der Lubbe) ຖືກພົບຕົວໃນອາຄານທີ່ເພີງກຳລັງລຸກໄໝ້ຢູ່ນັ້ນດ້ວຍ ການກະຕຸ້ນຮິດແລ ຮິນແດນບູກຕອບສະໜອງໂດຍອອກ[[ກິດສະດີເພີງໄໝ້ໄຣຊ໌ສະທັກ]] 28 ກຸມພາ ເຊິ່ງຍັບຍັ້ງສິດທິຂັ້ນພື້ນຖານ ຮວມທັ້ງໝາຍສັ່ງໃຫ້ສົ່ງຕົວຜູ້ຖືກຄຸມຂັງມາສານ (habeas corpus) ກິດຈະກຳຂອງພັກຄອມມິວນິສເຢຍລະມັນຖືກປາບປາມແລະສະມາຊິກພັກຄອມມິວນິສເຢຍລະມັນຮາວ 4,000 ຄົນຖືກຈັບກຸມ ນັກວິໄຈ ຮວມທັງວິນລຽມ ແອລ. ຊິເລີ ແລະ ອະລັນ ບູລັອກ ເຫັນວ່າ NSDAP ເອງເປັນຜູ້ຮັບຜິດຊອບຕໍ່ການວາງເພີງນັ້ນ ນອກເໜືອໄປຈາກລົນນະລົງທາງການເມືອງ NSDAP ຍັງມີສ່ວນກັບຄວາມຮຸນແຮງກຶ່ງທະຫານແລະການຂະຫຍາຍການໂຄສະນາຊວນເຊື່ອຕໍ່ຕ້ານຄອມມິວນິສໃນຊ່ວງກ່ອນການເລືອກຕັ້ງ ໃນວັນເລຶອກຕັ້ງ 6 ມີນາ ຄ.ສ. 1933 ສ່ວນແບ່ງຄະແນນສຽງຂອງ NSDAP ເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນເປັນ 43.9% ແລະພັກທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບບ່ອນນັ່ງຫຼາຍທີ່ສຸດໃນລັດຖະສະພາ ຢ່າງໃດກໍດີ ພັກຂອງຮິດແລບໍ່ສາມາດຄອງສຽງຂ້າງຫຼາຍຢ່າງສົມບູນໄດ້ ຈຳຕ້ອງຮ່ວມລັດຖະບານກັບ DNVP ອີກຄັ້ງ === ວັນພັອດສະດຳແລະລັດຖະບັນຍັດມອບອຳນາດ === [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-S38324, Tag von Potsdam, Adolf Hitler, Paul v. Hindenburg.jpg|thumb|เพาล์ ฟอน ฮินเดนบูร์กกับอดอล์ฟ ฮิตเลอร์ 21 มีนาคม ค.ศ. 1933|ເພົາ ຟອນ ຮິນແດນບູກກັບເອດັອບ ຮິດເລີ 21 ມີນາ ຄ.ສ. 1933]] ວັນທີ່ 21 ມີນາ ຄ.ສ. 1933 ມີການຕັ້ງໄຣຊ໌ສະທັກໃໝ່ຂຶ້ນໃນພິທີເປີດທີ່ໂບດແກລິຊັນໃນພັອດສະດຳ "ວັນພັອດສະດຳ" ນີ້ຈັດຂຶ້ນເພື່ອສະແດງຄວາມສາມັກຄີລະຫວ່າງຂະບວນການນາຊີກັບອະພິຊົນແລະທະຫານປຣັສເຊຍເກົ່າ ຮິດແລປາກົດກາຍໃນຊຸດມໍນິງໂຄ້ດ ເຊິ່ງເປັນຊຸດພິທີການກາງວັນ ແລະທັກທາຍປະທານາທິບໍດີຟອນ ຮິນແດນບູກຢ່າງຖ່ອມຕົນ ເພື່ອໃຫ້ໄດ້ມາເຊິ່ງການຄວບຄຸມທາງການເມືອງເຕັມທີ່ໂດຍບໍ່ຕ້ອງກຸມສຽງຂ້າງຫຼາຍເດັດຂາດໃນລັດຖະສະພາ ລັດຖະບານຂອງຮິດແລນຳແອແມັກທິກຸງສະເກເຊັດ ([[ລັດຖະບັນຍັດມອບອຳນາດ]]) ຂຶ້ນອອກສຽງໃນໄຣຊ໌ສະທັກທີ່ເພິ່ງເລືອກຕັ້ງໃໝ່ ລັດຖະບັນຍັດດັງກ່າວມອບອຳນາດນິຕິບັນຍັດເຕັມໃຫ້ແກ່ຄະນະລັດຖະມົນຕີຂອງຮິດແລເປັນເວລາ 4 ປີແລະອະນຸຍາດໃຫ້ປ່ຽນວິທີປະຕິບັດຈາກລັດຖະທຳມະນູນໄດ້ (ໂດຍມີຂໍ້ຍົກເວັ້ນບາງປະການ) ຮ່າງລັດຖະບັນຍັດຕ້ອງການສຽງຂ້າງຫຼາຍສອງໃນສາມຈຶງຜ່ານພັກນາຊີໃຊ້ບົດບັນຍັດແຫ່ງກິດສະດີກາເພີງໄໝ້ໄຣຊ໌ສະທັກກັນບໍ່ໃຫ້ຜູ້ແທນສັງຄົມປະຊາທິປະໄຕຫຼາຍຄົນເຂົ້າປະຊຸມ ຂະນະທີ່ພັກຄອມມິວນິສຖືກຍຸບໄປກ່ອນແລ້ວ ວັນທີ່ 23 ມີນາ ໄຣຊ໌ສະທັກປະຊຸມທີ່ໂຮງອຸປະລາກອນຄຣອລພາຍໃຕ້ສະຖານະການວຸ້ນວາຍ ຊາຍເອສເອເປັນແຖວປະຕິບັດໜ້າທີ່ຮັກສາຄວາມປອດໄພພາຍໃນອາຄານຂະນະທີ່ຄົນກຸ່ມໃຫຍ່ດ້ານນອກຄັດຄ້ານກົດໝາຍທີ່ສະເໜີຕະໂກນຄຳຂວັນແລະຄຸກຄາມສະມາຊິກລັດຖະສະພາກຳລັງມາເຖິງ ຖານະຂອງພັກກາງ ພັກໃຫຍ່ທີ່ສຸດອັນດັບສາມໃນໄຣຊ໌ສະທັກກາຍມາເປັນເດັດຂາດຫຼັງຮິດແລໃຫ້ຄຳໝັ້ນດ້ວຍວາຈາແກ່ ຜູ້ນຳພັກ ລຸດ ວິກ ຄາສ ວ່າ ປະທານາທິບໍດີຟອນ ຮິນແດນບູກຈະຍັງຄົງມີອຳນາດຍັບຍັ້ງ (veto) ຄາສຈຶງປະກາດວ່າພັກຈະສະນັບສະໜຸນລັດຖະບັນຍັດມອບອຳນາດ ທ້າຍສຸດລັດຖະບັນຍັດມອບອຳນາດຜ່ານດ້ວຍສຽງ 441-84 ໂດຍມີທຸກພັກ ຍົກເວັ້ນພັກສັງຄົມປະຊາທິປະໄຕເຫັນຊອບ ລັດຖະບັນຍັດມອບອຳນາດ ລັດຖະບັນຍັດມອບອຳນາດຮ່ວມກັບກິດສະດີກາເພີງໄໝ້ໄຣຊ໌ສະທັກປ່ຽນລັດຖະບານຂອງຮິດແລເປັນຜະເດັດການກົດໝາຍໂດຍພຶດຕິໄນ === ການປົດວິໄສທີ່ເຫຼືອ === ເມື່ອມີອຳນາດຄວບຄຸມເຕັມເໜືອອຳນາດນິຕິບັນຍັດແລະບໍລິຫານແລ້ວ ຮິດແລແລະພັນທະມິດທາງການເມືອງຂອງເຂົາເລິ່ມການປາບຄູ່ແຂ່ງການເມືອງທີ່ເຫຼືອຢ່າງເປັນລະບົບພັກສັງຄົມປະຊາທິປະໄຕຖືກຍຸບຕາມພັກຄອມມິວນິສແລະສິນຊັບທັງໝົດຖືກຍຶດ ຂະນະທີ່ຕົວແທນສະຫະພາບແຮງງານທັງໝົດຖືກບີບໃຫ້ຍຸບແລະຜູ້ນຳຖືກຈັບກຸມ ບາງຄົນຖືກສົ່ງໄປຍັງ[[ຄ່າຍກັກກັນ]] ອົງການສະຫະພາບໃໝ່ຖືກຈັດຕັ້ງຂຶ້ນ ໂດຍເປັນຕົວແທນຂອງຄົນງານ ນາຍຈ້າງ ແລະເຈົ້າຂອງບໍລິສັດທຸກຄົນເປັນກຸ່ມດຽວ ສະຫະພາບແຮງງານໃໝ່ນີ້ສະທ້ອນແນວຄິດຊາດສັງຄົມນິຍົມໃນວິນຍານແຫ່ງ "ໂຟກສະເກໄມຊັບ" (ຊຸມຊົນເຊື້ອຊາດເຢຍລະມັນ) ຂອງຮິດແລ ເມື່ອຮອດປາຍເດືອນມິຖຸນາ ພັກອື່ນໆ ກໍໄດ້ຖືກຍຸບໄປຈົນໝົດ ແລະດ້ວຍຄວາມຊ່ອຍເຫຼືອຂອງເອສເອ ຮິດແລກົດດັນໃຫ້ພັກລັດຖະບານຜະສົມໃນນາມຂອງເຂົາ ຮູແກນແບກ ລາອອກ ວັນທີ່ 14 ກໍລະກົດ ຄ.ສ. 1933 ພັກນາຊີຂອງຮິດແລໄດ້ຮັບການປະກາດໃຫ້ເປັນພັກການເມືອງຊອບດ້ວຍກົດໝາຍພັກດຽວໃນເຢຍລະມັນ ຂໍ້ຮຽກຮ້ອງຂອງເອສເອໃຫ້ມີອຳນາດທາງການເມືອງແລະການທະຫານເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນສ້າງຄວາມກັງວົນຢ່າງຫຼາຍໃນໝູ່ຜູ້ນຳທາງທະຫານ ອຸສາຫະກຳແລະການເມືອງ ຮິດແລສະໜອງໂດນກວາດລ້າງຜູ້ນຳເອສເອທັງໝົດ ໃນເຫດການເຊິ່ງຕໍ່ມາເອິ້ນວ່າ ຄືນແຫ່ງມີດຍາວ (Night of the Long Knives) ລະຫວ່າງວັນທີ່ 30 ມິຖຸນາເຖິງ 2 ກໍລະກົດ ຄ.ສ. 1934 ຮິດແລຕັ້ງເປົ້າໝາຍແອນ ເລີມ ແລະຄູ່ແຂ່ງການເມືອງຄົນອື່ນ (ເຊັ່ນ ເກກໍ ສະທຣັສແຊແລະອະດີດນາຍົກລັດຖະມົນຕີ ຄຸດ ຟອນ ຊະໄລແຊ) ເລີມແລະຜູ້ນຳເອສເອຄົນອື່ນໆ ຮ່ວມກັບຄູ່ແຂ່ງການເມືອງຂອງຮິດແລຈຳນວນໜຶ່ງ ຖືກລ້ອມ ຈັບກຸມ ແລະຍິງຖິ່ມ ຂະນະທີ່ປະຊາຄົມລະຫວ່າງປະເທດແລະຊາວເຢຍລະມັນບາງຄົນຕະໜົກຕໍ່ການຄາດຕະກຳ ຊາວເຢຍລະມັນຫຼາຍຄົນມອງວ່າຮິດແລກຳລັງຟື້ນຟູລະບຽບ ວັນທີ່ 2 ສິງຫາ ຄ.ສ. 1934 ປະທານາທິບໍດີຟອນ ຮິນແດນບູກເຖິງແກ່ກຳ ໜຶ່ງວັນກ່ອນໜ້ານັ້ນ ຄະນະລັດຖະມົນຕີໄດ້ຜ່ານກົດໝາຍໃຫ້ມີຜົນໃຊ້ບັງຄັບເມື່ອຮິນແດນບູກເສຍຊີວິດ ເຊິ່ງລົ້ມລ້າງຕຳແໜ່ງປະທານາທິບໍດີແລະຮວມອຳນາດຂອງປະທານາທິບໍດີນາຍົກລັດຖະມົນຕີ ຮິດແລຈຶງກາຍມາເປັນທັງປະມຸກແຫ່ງລັດແລະປະມຸກລັດຖະບານ ມີຊື່ທາງການວ່າ [[ຟືແລ|ຟືແລອຸນໄຣຊ໌ສະຄັນຊະແລ]] (ຜູ້ນຳແລະນາຍົກລັດຖະມົນຕີ) ກົດໝາຍນີ້ແທ້ຈິງແລ້ວລະເມີດລັດຖະບັນຍັດມອບອຳນາດ ຂະນະທີ່ລັດຖະບັນຍັດມອບອຳນາດຈະໃຫ້ຮິດແລປ່ຽນວິທີປະຕິບັດຈາກລັດຖະທຳມະນູນໄດ້ແຕ່ຫ້າມເຂົາຊັດເຈນບໍ່ໃຫ້ຜ່ານກົດໝາຍໃດໆ ທີ່ຂັດກັບຕຳແໜ່ງປະທານາທິບໍດີ ໃນ ຄ.ສ. 1932 ມີການແກ້ໄຂລັດຖະທຳມະນູນເພື່ອໃຫ້ປະທານສານຍຸດຕິທຳສູງສຸດ ບໍ່ແມ່ນນາຍົກລັດຖະມົນຕີ ຮັກສາການແທນປະທານາທິບໍດີລະຫວ່າງທີ່ມີການເລືອກຕັ້ງໃໝ່ດ້ວຍ ກົດໝາຍນີ້ ຮິດແລໄດ້ປົດທາງແກ້ສຸດທ້າຍຕາມກົດໝາຍທີ່ຈະຖອດເຂົາອອກຈາກຕຳແໜ່ງ ໃນຖານະປະມຸກແຫ່ງລັດ ຮິດແລຈຶງເປັນຜູ້ບັນຊາການທະຫານສູງສຸດ ການມອບສັດປະຕິຍານຂອງທະຫານແລະກະສາສີຕາມປະເພນີຖືກປ່ຽນເປັນການຍືນຍັນຄວາມພັກດີຕໍ່ຮິດແລໂດຍກົງ ຫຼາຍກວ່າຕຳແໜ່ງຜູ້ບັນຊາການສູງສຸດ ວັນທີ່ 19 ສິງຫາ ການຮວມຕຳແໜ່ງປະທານາທິບໍດີກັບນາຍົກລັດຖະມົນຕີໄດ້ຮັບການອະນຸມັດໂດຍການລົງປະຊາມັດຕິ ເຊິ່ງໄດ້ຮັບສຽງສະນັບສະໜຸນ 90% ຂອງຜູ້ອອກມາໃຊ້ສິດ ຕົ້ນ ຄ.ສ. 1938 ຮິດແລບັງຄັບໃຫ້ລັດຖະມົນຕີສົງຄາມ ຈອມພົນ ແວແນ ຟອນ ບອມແບກ ລາອອກ ເມື່ອສຳນວນຕຳລວດພົບວ່າ ພັນລະຍາໃໝ່ຂອງບອມແບກເຄີຍມີປະຫວັດເປັນໂສເພນີ ຮິດແລຖອດຜູ້ບັນຊາການທະຫານບົກ ພົນເອກ ແວແນ ຟອນ ຟິດ ຫຼັງ[[ຊຸທສະທັພເຟລ]] (ເອສເອສ) ສ້າງຂໍ້ກ່າວຫາວ່າເຂົາມີສ່ວນໃນຄວາມສັມພັນຮ່ວມເພດ ຊາຍທັງຄູ່ໄດ້ສູນເສຍຄວາມໂປດປານເມື່ອພວກເຂົາຄັດຄ້ານຂໍ້ຮຽກຮ້ອງຂອງຮິດແລທີ່ໃຫ້ທັງສອງກຽມກອງທັບບົກໃຫ້ພ້ອມເຂົ້າສູ່ສົງຄາມ ພາຍໃນ ຄ.ສ. 1938 ຮິດແລໃຊ້ກໍລະນີນີ້ທີ່ເອິ້ນວ່າກໍລະນີອື້ສາວບອມແບກ-ຟິດ ເພື່ອຮວມການຄວບຄຸມກອງທັບ ເຂົາດຳລົງຕຳແໜ່ງຜູ້ບັນຊາການທະຫານສູງສຸດແທນບອມແບກ ດັງນັ້ນ ຈຶງສາມາດບັງຄັບບັນຊາກອງທັບໄດ້ໂດຍກົງ ເຂົາປ່ຽນຕົວລັດຖະມົນຕີສົງຄາມກັບໂອແບຄອມມັນໂດແດເວມັກ (ກອງບັນຊາການທະຫານສູງສຸດ ຫຼື OKW) ນຳໂດຍ ພົນເອກ ວິນເຮມ ໄຄເທລ ວັນດຽວກັນ ພົນເອກ 16 ນາຍຖືກຖອດອອກຈາກຕຳແໜ່ງ ແລະ 44 ນາຍຖືກຍ້າຍ ທັງໝົດຖືກສົງໄສວ່າບໍ່ນິຍົມນາຊີພໍ ເມື່ອຮອດເດືອນກຸມພາ ຄ.ສ. 1938 ພົນເອກອື່ນອີກ 12 ນາຍຖືກປົດ ຫຼັງໄດ້ເສີມສ້າງອຳນາດການເມືອງຂອງເຂົາແລ້ວ ຮິດແລປາບປາມຫຼືກຳຈັດຄູ່ແຂ່ງຂອງເຂົາດ້ວຍ ກະບວນການຊື່ [[ໄກຊັນທຸງ]] ("ຈັດແຖວ") ເຂົາພະຍາຍາມຫາການສະນັບສະໜຸນຈາກສາທາລະນະເພີ່ທເຕີມໂດຍສັນຢາຈະກັບຜົນຂອງພາວະເສດຖະກິດຕົກຕ່ຳແລະສົນທິສັນຢາແວຊາຍ == ຈັກກະວັດໄຣຊ໌ທີ່ສາມ == === ເສດຖະກິດແລະວັດທະນະທຳ === [[ຮູບ:Bundesarchiv Bild 102-04062A, Nürnberg, Reichsparteitag, SA- und SS-Appell.jpg|thumb|left|upright|"โทเทเนรุง" (สรรเสริญผู้ตาย) บนระเบียงหน้า "เอเรนฮัลเลอ" (หอเกียรติยศ) ในฉากหลังเป็นที่ชุมนุมนาซี "เอเรนทรีบือเน" (เวทีเกียรติยศ) รูปจันทร์เสี้ยว ใน[[การชุมนุมที่เนือร์นแบร์ก]]|"ໂທເທເນລຸງ" (ສັນເສີນຜູ້ຕາຍ) ບົນລະບຽງໜ້າ "ເອເລນຮັນເລິ" (ຫໍກຽດຕິຍົດ) ໃນສາກຫຼັງເປັນທີ່ຊຸມນຸມນາຊີ "ເອເລນທີບືເນ"(ເວທີກຽດຕິຍົດ) ຮູບຈັນສ້ຽວ ໃນ[[ການຊຸມນຸມທີ່ເນືອນແບກ]] ກັນຍາ ຄ.ສ. 1934]] ໃນຄ.ສ. 1935 ຮິດແລແຕ່ງຕັ້ງຮະຈັນມາ ຊັກເປັນຜູ້ມີອຳນາດເຕັມດ້ານເສດຖະກິດສົງຄາມ ຮັບຜິດຊອບການກຽມເສດຖະກິດເພື່ອສົງຄາມ ການຟື້ນຟູບູລະນະແລະການຕິດອາວຸດໃໝ່ໄດ້ຮັບຈັດຫາເງິນທຸນຜ່ານເມໂຟບິນ ການພິມເງິນ ແລະການຍຶດສິນຊັບຂອງຜູ້ທີ່ຖືກຈັບກຸມໃນຂໍ້ຫາ[[ສ້ຽນໜາມແຜ່ນດິນ]]ຮວມທັງຍິວ ການວ່າງງານລົດລົງຢ່າງຫຼາຍ ຈາກຫົກລ້ານຄນໃນ ຄ.ສ. 1932 ເຫຼືອໜຶ່ງລ້ານຄົນໃນ ຄ.ສ. 1936 ຮິດເປັນຜູ້ດູແລໜຶ່ງໃນໂຄງການພັດທະນາສາທາລະນູປະໂພກໜຶ່ງໃນຄັ້ງໃຫຍ່ທີ່ສຸດໃນປະຫວັດສາດເຢຍລະມັນ ເຊິ່ງນຳໄປສູ່ການກໍ່ສ້າງເຂື່ອນ [[ອໍໂຕບານ|ທາງຫຼວງ]] ທາງລົດໄຟແລະງານສາທາລະນະອື່ນໆ ຄ່າຈ້າງລົດລົງເລັກໜ້ອຍໃນຊ່ວງປີກ່ອນສົງຄາມໂລກຄັ້ງທີ່ສອງເມື່ອທຽບກັບໃນສະໄໝໄວມາ ຂະນະທີ່ຄ່າຄອງຊີບເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນ 25% ລັດຖະບານຮິດແລສະນັບສະໜຸນສະຖາປັດຕະຍະກຳຢ່າງກວ້າງຂວາງ ອັນແບດ ສະແພ ຜູ້ນຳການຕີຄວາມແບບຄາສສິກຂອງຮິດແລນຳໄປກັບວັດທະນະທຳເຢຍລະມັນຖືກກຳໜົດໃຫ້ຮັບຜິດຊອບການປະຕິສັງຂອນສະຖາປັດຕະຍະກຳໃນເບີລິນ ຮິດແລເປີດ[[ໂອລິມປິກລະດູຮ້ອນ 1936|ກີລາໂອລິມປິກລະດູຮ້ອນ]]ໃນເບີລິນ === ການສ້າງເສີມອາວຸດແລະພັນທະມິດໃໝ່ === ໃນການປະຊຸມກັບຜູ້ນຳທາງທະຫານຂອງເຢຍລະມັນເມື່ອວັນທີ່ 3 ກຸມພາ ຄ.ສ. 1933 ຮິດແລກ່າວເຖິງ "ການພິຊິດເພື່ອເລແບນສະເລົາໃນທາງຕາເວັນອອກແລະເຮັດໃຫ້ເປັນເຢຍລະມັນຢ່າງໄຣ້ຄວາມປານີ" ເປັນມຸ່ງໝາຍນະໂຍບາຍຕ່າງປະເທດສູງສຸດຂອງເຂົາ ໃນເດືອນມີນາ ເຈົ້າຊາຍແບນາດ ວິນແຮມ ຟອນ ບືໂລ ເລຂາທິການເອົາສວະແວທີເກສອັມ (ກະຊວງການຕ່າງປະເທດ) ອອກຖະແຫຼງການໃຫຍ່ເຖິງເປົ້າປະສົງຂອງນະໂຍບາຍຕ່າງປະເທດເຢຍລະມັນ ຄື ອັນຊະລູດກັບໂອຕະລິດ ການຟື້ນຟູພົມແດນແຫ່ງຊາດຂອງເຢຍລະມັນໃນ ຄ.ສ. 1914 ການປະຕິເສດການຈຳກັດທາງທະຫານພາຍໃຕ້[[ສົນທິສັນຢາແວຊາຍ]] ການໄດ້ອະດີດອານານິຄົມເຢຍລະມັນແອຟິກາຄືນແລະເຂດອິດທິພົນຂອງເຢຍລະມັນໃນເອີລົບຕາເວັນອອກ ຮິດແລພົບວ່າເປົ້າໝາຍຂອງບືໂລນັ້ນຖ່ອມເກີນໄປ ໃນສຸນທໍລະພົດຂອງເຂົາຊ່ວງນີ້ ເຂົາເນັ້ນຍ້ຳເປົ້າໝາຍຂອງນະໂຍບາຍແລະຄວາມເຕັມໃຈເຮັດງານພາຍໃນຄວາມຕົກລົງລະຫວ່າງປະເທດຢ່າງສັນຕິ ໃນການປະຊຸມຄະນະລັດຖະມົນຕີທຳອິດໃນ ຄ.ສ. 1933 ຮິດແລຈັດລຳດັບລາຍຈ່າຍທາງທະຫານມາກ່ອນເງິນຊ່ອຍເຫຼືອຜູ້ວ່າງງານ ເຢຍລະມັນຖອນຕົວຈາກ[[ສັນນິບາດຊາດ]]ແລະການປະຊຸມປົດອາວຸດໂລກໃນເດືອນຕຸລາ ຄ.ສ. 1933 ໃນເດືອນມີນາ ຄ.ສ. 1935 ຮິດແລປະກາດຂະຫຍາຍກຳລັງພົນແວມັກເປັນ 600,000 ນາຍ ຫົກເທົ່າຂອງຈຳນວນສົນທິສັນຢາແວຊາຍອະນຸຍາດ ຮວມເຖິງການພັດທະນາກອງທັບອາກາດ (ລຸບວັບເຟີ)ແລະການຕື່ມຂະໜາດກອງທັບເຮືອ (ຄີກສະມາລີເນີ) ອັງກິດ ຝະລັ່ງ ອິຕາລີແລະສັນນິບາດຊາດປະນາມແຜນການເຫຼົ່ານີ້ວ່າເປັນການລະເມີດສົນທິສັນຢາແວຊາຍ ຄວາມຕົກລົງນາວິກອັງກິດ-ເຢຍລະມັນ ວັນທີ່ 18 ມິຖຸນາ ຄ.ສ. 1935 ອະນຸຍາດລະວາງນ້ຳໜັກຂອງກອງທັບເຮືອເຢຍລະມັນເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນເປັນ 35% ຂອງລາຊະນາວີອັງກິດ ຮິດແລຮຽກການລົງນາມຄວາມຕົກລົງດັງກ່າວວ່າເປັນ "ວັນທີ່ສຸກທີ່ສຸດໃນຊີວິດເຂົາ" ດັງທີ່ເຂົາເຊື່ອວ່າຄວາມຕົກລົງນີ້ແມ່ນຈຸດເລິ່ມຕົ້ນຂອງພັນທະມິດອັງກິດ-ເຢຍລະມັນທີ່ເຂົາໄດ້ທຳນາຍໄວ້ໃນ''ໄມນ໌ຄັມພ໌'' ຝະລັ່ງແລະອິຕາລີບໍ່ໄດ້ຮັບການປຶກສາກ່ອນລົງນາມ ເຊິ່ງເປັນການບັ່ນທອນສັນນິບາດຊາດໂດຍກົງ ແລະຖິ່ມສົນທິສັນຢາແວຊາຍບົນຫົນທາງສູ່ຄວາມບໍ່ລົງຮອຍກັນ ເຢຍລະມັນຍຶດຄອງເຂດປອດທະຫານໃນ[[ໄຣນ໌ແລນ]]ອີກຄັ້ງໃນເດືອນມີນາ ຄ.ສ. 1936 ອັນເປັນການລະເມີດສົນທິສັນຢາແວຊາຍ ຮິດແລສົ່ງກຳລັງເຂົ້າໄປໃນແອສະປາຍເພື່ອສະນັບສະໜຸນພົນເອກ[[ຟຣັນຊິສໂກ ຟຣັງໂກ|ຟຣັງ ໂກ]] ຫຼັງໄດ້ຮັບການຂໍຄວາມຊ່ອຍເຫຼືອໃນເດືອນກໍລະກົດ ຄ.ສ. 1936 ໃນຂະນະດຽວກັນ ຮິດແລພະຍາຍາມສ້າງພັນທະມິດອັງກິດ-ເຢຍລະມັນຢ່າງຕໍ່ເນື່ອງ ໃນສະໜອງຕໍ່ວິກິດເສດຖະກິດທີ່ລຸກລາມຂຶ້ນອັນເກີດຈາກຄວາມພະຍາຍາມສ້າງເສີມອາວຸດຂຶ້ນໃໝ່ ຮິດແລຈຶງອອກບັນທຶກຂໍ້ຄວາມສັ່ງແຮມັນ ເກີລິງເພື່ອດຳເນິນການແຜນການສີ່ປີເພື່ອໃຫ້ເຢຍລະມັນພ້ອມເຮັດສົງຄາມພາຍໃນສີ່ປີຂ້າງໜ້າ "ບັນທຶກຂໍ້ຄວາມແຜນການສີ່ປີ" ເດືອນສິງຫາ ຄ.ສ. 1936 ກຳໜົດການຕໍ່ສູ້ສຸດກຳລັງລະຫວ່າງ "ຍິວ-ບານເຊວິກ ກັບຊາດສັງຄົມນິຍົມເຢຍລະມັນ ເຊິ່ງໃນມຸມມອງຂອງຮິດແລຈຳເປັນຕ້ອງມີຄວາມພະຍາຍາມທີ່ຜູກມັດໃນການເສີມສ້າງອາວຸດໂດຍບໍ່ຄຳນຶງເຖິງມູນຄ່າເສດຖະກິດ ເຄົາກາແລອັດໂຊ ຊີອາໂນ ລັດຖະມົນຕີຕ່າງປະເທດຂອງລັດຖະບານ[[ເບນິໂຕ ມຸສໂສລິນີ]] ປະກາດອັກສະລະຫວ່າງເຢຍລະມັນກັບອິຕາລີ ແລະໃນວັນທີ່ 25 ພະຈິກ ເຢຍລະມັນລົງນາມໃນ[[ສົນທິສັນຢາຕໍ່ຕ້ານອົງການຄອມມິວນີສສາກົນ]]ກັບຢີ່ປຸ່ນ ອັງກິດ ຈີນ ອິຕາລີແລະໂປແລນໄດ້ຮັບເຊີນໃຫ້ເຂົ້າຮ່ວມສົນທິສັນຢາດັງກ່າວດ້ວຍ ແຕ່ມີພຽງອິຕາລີເທົ່ານັ້ນທີ່ລົງນາມໃນ ຄ.ສ. 1937 ຮິດແລລະທິ້ງຄວາມຝັນພັນທະມິດອັງກິດ-ເຢຍລະມັນ ໂດຍກ່າວໂທດວ່າຜູ້ນຳອັງກິດ "ບໍ່ເໝາະສົມ" ເຂົາຈັດການປະຊຸມລັບທີ່ທຳນຽບລັດຖະບານໄຣຊ໌ກັບລັດຖະມົນຕີສົງຄາມແລະຕ່າງປະເທດ ຕະຫຼອດຈົນຫົວໜ້າທາງທະຫານໃນເດືອນພະຈິກປີນັ້ນ ຕາມ[[ບັນທຶກຂໍ້ຄວາມຮອສສະບັກ]] ຮິດແລຖະແຫຼງເຈດຕະນາໃນການໄດ້ມາເຊິ່ງເລແບນສະເຣາມ໌ສຳລັບຊາວເຢຍລະມັນແລະສັ່ງກຽມເຮັດສົງຄາມໃນທາງຕາເວັນອອກ ເຊິ່ງຈະເລິ່ມບໍ່ຊ້າກວ່າ ຄ.ສ. 1943 ເຂົາຖະແຫຼງບັນທຶກການປະຊຸມຖືວ່າເປັນ "ພິໄນກຳການເມືອງ" ໃນກໍລະນີເຂົາເສຍຊີວິດ ເຂົາຮູ້ສຶກວ່າວິກິດເສດຖະກິດເຢຍລະມັນໄດ້ມາຮອດຈຸດທີ່ມາດຕະຖານການຄອງຊີບໃນເຢຍລະມັນຖົດຖອຍຮຸນແຮງຈົນຕ້ອງໃຊ້ສະເພາະນະໂຍບາຍກ້າວຮ້າວທາງທະຫານ ຄື ຍຶດ[[ໂອຕະລິດ]]ແລະ[[ເຊໂກສະໂວເກຍ]]ເທົ່ານັ້ນ ຮິດແລກະຕຸ້ນການປະຕິບັດຢ່າງຣວດເຣັວ ກ່ອນທີ່ອັງກິດແລະຝະລັ່ງຈະເປັນຜູ້ນຳການແຂ່ງຂັນອາວຸດຢ່າງຖາວອນ ຕົ້ນ ຄ.ສ. 1938 ຕາມຕິດກໍລະນີອື້ສາວບອມແບກ-ຟຣິທ ຮິດແລຖືສິດຄວບຄຸມນະໂຍບາຍທາງທະຫານ-ຕ່າງປະເທດ ໂດຍປົດນອຍລັດຈາກຕຳແໜ່ງໂອແບສເທຍ ເບແຟລຊາແບ ແດ ເວມັກ (ຜູ້ບັນຊາການທະຫານສູງສຸດ) ຈາກຕົ້ນ ຄ.ສ. 1938 ສືບມາ ຮິດແລດຳເນິນນະໂຍບາຍຕ່າງປະເທດເຊິ່ງມີສົງຄາມເປັນເປົ້າໝາຍສູງສຸດ === ກາງລ້າງຊາດ === {{See also|ໂຮໂລໂກດ}} ມະໂນທັດຫຼັກຂອງນາຊີ ຄື ແນວຄິດຄວາມສະອາດເຊື້ອຊາດ ວັນທີ່ 15 ກັນຍາ ຄ.ສ. 1935 ເຂົາສະເໜີກົດໝາຍສອງສະບັບ ເຊິ່ງຮູ້ຈັກກັນໃນຊື່ [[ກົດໝາຍເນືອນແບກ]] ແກ່ໄຣຊ໌ສະທັກ ກົດໝາຍນີ້ຫ້າມການສົມລົດລະຫວ່າງຜູ້ທີ່ບໍ່ແມ່ນຍິວກັບເຢຍລະມັນເຊື້ອສາຍຍິວ ແລະຫ້າມການຈ້າງສະຕີບໍ່ແມ່ນຍິວອາຍຸຕ່ຳກວ່າ 45 ປີໃນຄົວເຮືອນຍິວ ກົດໝາຍກີດກັນຜູ້ທີ່ "ບໍ່ແມ່ນອາລະຍັນ" ຈາກຜົນປະໂຫຍດພົນລະເມືອງເຢຍລະມັນ ນະໂຍບາຍສຸພັນທຸສາດຊ່ວງທຳອິດຂອງຮິດແລມຸ່ງໄປຍັງເດັກທີ່ບົກພ່ອງທາງກາຍແລະການພັດທະນາໃນໂຄງການທີ່ຖືກຂະໜານນາມວ່າ ການປະຕິບັດບຣັນ (Action Brandt) ແລະພາຍຫຼັງອະນຸມັດໂຄງການກາລຸນຍະຄາດແກ່ຜູ້ໃຫຍ່ທີ່ບົກພ່ອງທາງຈິດແລະກາຍຢ່າງຮ້າຍແຮງ ເຊິ່ງປັດຈຸບັນມັກເອິ້ນວ່າ ການປະຕິບັດເທ4 (Action T4) ແນວຄິດເລແບນສະເຣາມ໌ຂອງຮິດແລ ເຊິ່ງຮັບຫຼັກການໃນໄມຄັມພ໌ ມຸ່ງການໄດ້ມາເຊິ່ງດິນແດນໃໝ່ສຳລັບການຕັ້ງຖິ່ນຖານຂອງຊາວເຢຍລະມັນໃນເອີລົບຕາເວັນອອກ ເຈເນຣັລ ພັນໂອສ ("ແຜນການທົ່ວໄປສຳລັບທາງຕາເວັນອອກ") ກຳໜົດໃຫ້ປະຊາກອນໃນເອີລົບຕາເວັນອອກແລະສະຫະພາບໂຊວຽດສ່ວນທີ່ຖືກຍຶດຄອງເນລະເທດໄປຍັງໄຊບີເລຍຕາເວັນຕົກ ເພື່ອໃຊ້ເປັນແຮງງານທາດຫຼືສັງຫານທິ້ງ ດິນແດນທີ່ຖືກພິຊິດຈະຖືກຕັ້ງເປັນອານານິຄົມຂອງຜູ້ຕັ້ງຖິ່ນຖານຊາວເຢຍລະມັນຫຼືທີ່ຖືກເຮັດໃຫ້ເປັນເຢຍລະມັນ ແຜນການເດີມກຳໜົດໃຫ້ກະບວນການນີ້ເລິ່ມຕົ້ນຫຼັງການພິຊິດສະຫະພາບໂຊວຽດ ແຕ່ບໍ່ເປັນຜົນ ຮິດແລຈຶງເລື່ອນແຜນການອອກໄປ ຈົນຮອດເດືອນມັງກອນ ຄ.ສ. 1942 ການຕັດສິນໃຈນີ້ໄດ້ນຳໄປຍັງການສັງຫານຊາວຍິວແລະຜູ້ຖືກເນລະເທດອື່ນເຊິ່ງຖືກພິຈາລະນາວ່າບໍ່ພຶງປາດຖະໜາ [[ໂຮໂລໂກດ]] ({{lang-en|The Holocaust}}) (''Endlösung der jüdischen Frage'' ຫຼື "[[ການແກ້ປັນຫາຊາວຍິວຄັ້ງສຸດທ້າຍ]]") ຈັດຂຶ້ນແລະດຳເນິນການໂດຍໄຮລິດ ຮິມເລີແລະໄຣນາດ ໄຮດິດບັນທຶກການປະຊຸມວັນເຊ ເຊິ່ງຈັດຂຶ້ນເມື່ອວັນທີ່ 20 ມັງກອນ ຄ.ສ. 1942 ແລະນຳໂດຍໄຣນາດ ໄຮດິດ ຮ່ວມກັບເຈົ້າໜ້າທີ່ນາຊີອາວຸໂສອື່ນອີກສິບຫ້າຄົນເປັນຫຼັກຖານຊັດເຈນທີ່ສຸດເຖິງການວາງແຜນໂຮໂລໂກດຢ່າງເປັນລະບົບ ວັນທີ່ 22 ກຸມພາ ມີບັນທຶກຄຳກ່າວຂອງຮິດແລຕໍ່ເພື່ອນຮ່ວມວຽກ "ສຸຂະພາບດີຂອງເຮົາຈະຟື້ນຄືນກໍດ້ວຍການສັງຫານຍິວເທົ່ານັ້ນ" ມີຄ່າຍກັກກັນແລະ[[ຄ່າຍມໍລະນະ]]ນາຊີປະມານສາມສິບແຫ່ງໃຊ້ເພື່ອວັດຖຸປະສົງນີ້ຈົນຮອດລະດູຮ້ອນ [[ຄ.ສ. 1942]] ບ່ອນຕັ້ງຄ່າຍກັກກັນເອົາວິດຖືກດັດແປງໃຫ້ສາມາດຮອງຮັບຜູ້ຖືກເນລະເທດຈຳນວນຫຼາຍເພື່ອສັງຫານຫຼືໃຊ້ແຮງງານທາດ [[ຮູບ:Buchenwald Corpses 60623.jpg|thumb|left|ทหารอเมริกันยืนอยู่ข้างรถเข็นซึ่งมีศพกองเป็นภูเขานอกเมรุใน[[ค่ายกักกันบูเคนวัลด์]]ที่เพิ่งได้รับการปลดปล่อย เมษายน ค.ศ. 1945|ທະຫານອາເມລິກັນຍືນຢູ່ຂ້າງລົດເຂັນເຊິ່ງມີສົບກອງເປັນພູເຂົານອກເມນໃນ[[ຄ່າຍກັກກັນບູເຄນວັນ]]ທີ່ເພິ່ງໄດ້ຮັບການປົດປ່ອຍ ເມສາ ຄ.ສ. 1945]] ແມ້ນບໍ່ປາກົດວ່າມີຄຳສັ່ງເຈາະຈົງຈາກຮິດແລທີ່ອະນຸມັດການສັງຫານໝູ່ ເຂົາໄດ້ອະນຸມັດໄອຊັດສະກຸບເພນ ໜ່ວຍສັງຫານເຊິ່ງຕິດຕາມກອງທັບເຢຍລະມັນຜ່ານໂປແລນແລະລັດເຊຍ ເຂົາຍັງໄດ້ຮັບລາຍງານຢ່າງດີກ່ຽວກັບພຶດຕິກຳຂອງໜ່ວຍນີ້ດ້ວຍ ລະຫວ່າງການສອບສວນໂດຍເຈົ້າໜ້າທີ່ສືບລາຊະການລັບໂຊວຽດ ບັນທຶກເຊິ່ງໄດ້ຮັບການເປີດເຜີຍໃນອີກວ່າຫ້າສິບປີໃຫ້ຫຼັງ ຄົນຂັບລົດຂອງຮິດແລ ໄຮ ລິນເກີ ແລະຜູ້ຊ່ວຍຂອງເຂົາ ອັອດໂທ ກຶນເຊີ ຖະແຫຼງວ່າຮິດແລມີຄວາມສົນໃຈໂດຍກົງໃນການພັດທະນາຫ້ອງຮົມແກສ ລະຫວ່າງ ຄ.ສ. 1939 ເຖິງ 1945 ເອສເອສເຊິ່ງໄດ້ຮັບການສະນັບສະໜຸນຈາກລັດຖະບານຜູ້ໃຫ້ຄວາມຮ່ວມມືແລະທະຫານເກນຈາກປະເທດທີ່ຖືກຍຶດຄອງ ຮັບຜິດຊອບຕໍ່ການເສຍຊີວິດເຖິງຊາວເອັດເຖິງສິບເອັດເຖິງສິບສີ່ລ້ານຊີວິດ ຮວມທັງຊາວຍິວຫົກລ້ານຄົນ ຄິດເປັນສອງໃນສາມຂອງປະຊາກອນຍິວໃນເອີລົບ ແລະຊາວໂລມາລະຫວ່າງ 500,000 ເຖິງ 1,500,000 ຄົນ ການເສຍຊີວິດເກີດຂຶ້ນໃນຄ່າຍກັກກັນແລະຄ່າຍມໍລະນະຍ່ານຊາວຍິວ ແລະການປະຫານຊີວິດໝູ່ ເຫຍື່ອການລ້າງຊາດຫຼາຍຄົນຖືກຮົມແກສຈົນເສຍຊີວິດ ຂະນະທີ່ບາງຄົນເສຍຊີວິດເພາະຫິວໂຫຍຫຼືປ່ວຍຂະນະໃຊ້ແຮງງານທາດ ນະໂຍບາຍຂອງຮິດແລຍັງສົ່ງຜົນໃຫ້ມີການສັງຫານຊາວໂປແລນແລະຊະເລີຍສຶກໂຊວຽດ ພວກຄອມມິວນີສແລະສັດຕູການເມືອງອື່ນ ພວກຮັກຮ່ວມເພດ ຜູ້ພິການທາງກາຍຫຼືໃຈ ຜູ້ນັບຖືລັດທິພະຍານພະຍະໂຮວານິກາຍແອດເວນຕິສ ແລະຜູ້ນຳສະຫະພາບແຮງງານຮິດແລບໍ່ເຄີຍປາກົດວ່າເຍືອນຄ່າຍກັກກັນແລະບໍ່ໄດ້ເວົ້າເຖິງການສັງຫານຢ່າງເປີດເຜີຍ == ສົງຄາມໂລກຄັ້ງທີສອງ == {{see also|ສົງຄາມໂລກຄັ້ງທີສອງ}} === ຄວາມສຳເລັດທາງການທູດຊ່ວງຕົ້ນ === [[ຮູບ:Matsuoka visits Hitler.jpg|thumb|ฮิตเลอร์กับรัฐมนตรีต่างประเทศญี่ปุ่น โยสึเกะ มัตซุโอกะ ที่การประชุมในกรุงเบอร์ลินเมื่อเดือนมีนาคม ค.ศ. 1941 ที่ยืนอยู่ข้างหลังนั้นคือ โจอาคม ฟอน ริบเบนทรอพ|ຮິດແລກັບລັດຖະມົນຕີຕ່າງປະເທດຢີ່ປຸ່ນ ໂຍສຶເກະ ມັດຊຸໂອກະ ທີ່ການປະຊຸມໃນກຸງເບີລິນເມື່ອເດືອນມີນາ ຄ.ສ. 1941 ທີ່ຍືນຢູ່ຂ້າງຫຼັງນັ້ນຄື ໂຈອາຄົມ ຟອນ ລິບແບນທອບ]] ==== ພັດທະມິດກັບຢີ່ປຸ່ນ ==== ໃນເດືອນກຸມພາ [[ຄ.ສ. 1938]] ດ້ວຍການແນະນຳຈາກລັດຖະມົນຕີຕ່າງປະເທດທີ່ເພິ່ງໄດ້ຮັບແຕ່ງຕັ້ງໃໝ່ ໂຈອາຄົມ ຟອນ ລິບແບນທອບ ຜູ້ນິຍົມຢີ່ປຸ່ນຢ່າງແຂັງຂັນ ຮິດແລຈຶງຍຸດຕິພັນທະມິດຈີນ-ເຢຍລະມັນກັບສາທາລະນະລັດຈີນແລະເຂົ້າເປັນພັນທະມິດກັບຢີ່ປຸ່ນທີ່ທັນສະໄໝແລະຊົງອຳນາດກວ່າ ຮິດແລປະກາດຮັບຮອງ[[ແມນຈູກົວ]] ລັດທີ່ຢີ່ປຸ່ນຍຶດຄອງໃນ[[ແມນຈູເລຍ]]ຂອງເຢຍລະມັນແລະສະຫຼະການອ້າງສິດຂອງເຢຍລະມັນເໜືອອະດີດອານານິຄົມໃນແປຊິຟິກທີ່ຢີ່ປຸນຖືຄອງຢູ່ ຮິດແລສັ່ງຍຸດຕິການສົ່ງອາວຸດໄປຍັງຈີນແລະເອິ້ນນາຍທະຫານເຢຍລະມັນທີ່ເຮັດວຽກກັບກອງທັບຈີນທັງໝົດກັບ ເພື່ອເປັນການຕອບໂຕ້ ພົນເອກ [[ຈຽງ ໄຄແຊັກ]]ຂອງຈີນຍົກເລີກຄວາມຕົກລົງເສດຖະກິດຈີນ-ເຢຍລະມັນທັງໝົດ ເຮັດໃຫ້ເຢຍລະມັນຂາດວັດຖຸດິບຈາກຈີນ ແມ້ນຈີນຈະຍັງຂົນສົ່ງ[[ທັງສະແຕນ]]ເຊິ່ງເປັນໂລຫະສຳຄັນໃນການຜະລິດອາວຸດ ຕໍ່ໄປຈົນກະທັ່ງ [[ຄ.ສ. 1939]] ແຊັມເບີເລນພໍໃຈກັບການປະຊຸມມິວນິກ ໂດຍເອິ້ນຜົນວ່າ "ສັນຕິພາບໃນສະໄໝຂອງເຮົາ" ຂະນະທີ່ຮິດແລຄຽດກັບໂອກາດເຮັດສົງຄາມທີ່ພາດໄປໃນ ຄ.ສ. 1938 ==== ໂອຕະລີດແລະເຊໂກສະໂລວາເກຍ ==== ວັນທີ່ 12 ມີນາ ຄ.ສ. 1938 ຮິດແລປະກາດຮວມ[[ປະເທດໂອຕະລີດ|ໂອຕະລີດ]]ເຂົ້າກັບນາຊີເຢຍລະມັນໃນ[[ອັນສະລູດ]] ຈາກນັ້ນຮິດແລມຸ່ງຄວາມສົນໃຈຂອງເຂົາໄປຍັງປະຊາກອນເຊື້ອຊາດເຢຍລະມັນໃນເຂດ[[ຊູເດເຕນແລນ]]ຂອງ[[ເຊໂກສະໂລວາເກຍ]] ວັນທີ່ 28-29 ມີນາ ຄ.ສ. 1938 ຮິດແລຈັດການປະຊຸມລັບຂຶ້ນຫຼາຍຄັ້ງໃນກຸງເບີລິນກັບຄອນລັດ ແຮນໄລ ແຫ່ງຊູແດແຕນໄຮຟອນ (Heimfront, "ແນວສະໜັບສະໜຸນ") ພັກການເມືອງເຊື້ອຊາດເຢຍລະມັນໃຫຍ່ທີ່ສຸດໃນຊູແດແຕນແລນ ທັງສອງຕົກລົງວ່າແຮນໄລຈະຮຽກຮ້ອງສິດທິປົກຄອງຕົນເອງສຳລັບຊາວເຢຍລະມັນຊູແດແຕນຕື່ມຂຶ້ນຈາກລັດຖະບານເຊໂກສະໂລວາເກຍ ເຊິ່ງຈະເປັນຂໍ້ອ້າງສຳລັບການປະຕິບັດທາງທະຫານຕໍ່ເຊໂກສະໂລວາເກຍ ໃນເດືອນເມສາ ຄ.ສ. 1938 ແຮນໄລບອກລັດຖະມົນຕີຕ່າງປະເທດຮົງກະລີວ່າ "ບໍ່ວ່າລັດຖະບານແຊັກຈະສະເໜີອີ່ຫຍັງ ເຂົາຈະຮຽກຮ້ອງສູງຂຶ້ນສະເໝີ... ເຂົາຕ້ອງການບ່ອນທຳລາຍຄວາມເຂົ້າໃຈໃນທຸກວິຖີທາງ ເພາະນີ້ເປັນພຽງວິທີດຽວທີ່ຈະລະເບີດເຊໂກສະໂລວາເກຍຢ່າງຮວດເຮັວ ໂດຍສ່ວນຕົວ ຮິດແລມອງວ່າບັນຫາຊູແດແຕນບໍ່ສຳຄັນ ເຈດຕະນາທີ່ແທ້ຈິງຂອງເຂົານັ້ນຄືສົງຄາມພິຊິດເຊໂກສະໂລວາເກຍ [[ຮູບ:Bundesarchiv Bild 137-004055, Eger, Besuch Adolf Hitlers.jpg|thumb|left|upright|เดือนตุลาคม ค.ศ. 1938 ฮิตเลอร์ (ยืนอยู่ในเมอร์ซิเดส) ขับผ่านฝูงชนในเชบ ส่วนหนึ่งของภูมิภาคซูเดเตนที่มีประชากรชาวเยอรมันอาศัยอยู่มากของ[[เชโกสโลวาเกีย]] ซึ่งถูกผนวกเข้ากับนาซีเยอรมนีจากความตกลงมิวนิก|ເດືອນຕຸລາ ຄ.ສ. 1938 ຮິດແລ (ຍືນຢູ່ໃນເມີຊິເດສ) ຂັບຜ່ານຝູງຊົນໃນແຊັບ ສ່ວນນຶ່ງຂອງພູມິພາກຊູແດແຕນທີ່ມີປະຊາກອນຊາວເຢຍລະມັນອາໄສຢູ່ຫຼາຍຂອງເຊໂກສະໂລວາເກຍ ເຊິ່ງຖືກຮວມເຂົ້າກັບນາຊີເຢຍລະມັນຈາກຄວາມຕົກລົງມິວນິກ]] ໃນເດືອນເມສາ ຄ.ສ. 1938 ຮິດແລສັ່ງໃຫ້ OKW ກຽມກາມສຳລັບຟັນກຶນ (Fall Grün, ກໍລະນີຂຽວ) ຊື່ລະຫັດສຳລັບການບຸກຄອງເຊໂກສະໂລວາເກຍ ດ້ວຍເຫດຜົນຂອງແຮງກົດດັນທາງການທູດຢ່າງໜັກຈາກຝະລັ່ງແລະອັງກິດ ວັນທີ່ 5 ກັນຍາ ຄ.ສ. 1938 ປະທານາທິບໍດີເຊໂກສະໂລວາເກຍ ແອັດວາດ ແບເນດ ຈຶງປະກາດເປັນ "ແຜນການທີ່ສີ່" ເພື່ອຈັດລະບຽບປະເທດໃໝ່ຕາມລັດຖະທຳມະນູນ ເຊິ່ງຕົກລົງຮັບຂໍ້ຮຽກຮ້ອງສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ຂອງແຮນໄລວ່າດ້ວຍການປົກຄອງຕົນເອງຂອງຊູແດແຕນ ໄຮຟອນຂອງແຮນໄລສະໜອງຂໍ້ຕໍ່ຂອງແບເນດດ້ວຍການປະທະຢ່າງຮຸນແຮງຫຼາຍເທື່ອຮາວກັບຕຳລວດເຊໂກສະໂລວາເກຍ ເຊິ່ງນຳໄປສູ່ການປະກາດ[[ກົດໄອຍະການສຶກ]]ໃນບາງເຂດຂອງຊູແດແຕນ ເຢຍລະມັນນັ້ນເພິ່ງພານ້ຳມັນນຳເຂົ້າ ການຜະເຊີນໜ້າກັບອັງກິດເໜືອກໍລະນີພິພາດເຊໂກສະໂລວາເກຍ ອາດຕັດທອນສະບຽງນ້ຳມັນຂອງເຢຍລະມັນໄດ້ ຮິດແລຈຶງເລື່ອນຟັລກຶນອອກໄປ ເຊິ່ງເດີມວາງແຜນໄວ້ເມື່ອວັນທີ່ 1 ຕຸລາ ຄ.ສ. 1938 ວັນທີ່ 29 ກັນຍາ ຄ.ສ. 1938 ຮິດແລ, [[ເນວິລ ເຊັມເບີເລນ]],[[ເອດູອາ ດາລາດີເຍ]] ແລະ [[ເບນິໂຕ ສະໂລສິນີ]]ເຂົ້າຮ່ວມການປະຊຸມນຶ່ງມື້ໃນກຸງມິວນິກເຊິ່ງນຳໄປສູ່[[ຄວາມຕົກລົງມິວນິກ]] ເຊິ່ງໄດ້ມອບຂອບເຂດຊູແດແຕນແລນໃຫ້ແກ່ເຢຍລະມັນ ແຊັມເບີເລນພໍໃຈກັບການປະຊຸມມິວນິກ ໂດຍເອິ້ນຜົນວ່າ "ສັນຕິພາບໃນສະໄໝຂອງເຮົາ" ຂະນະທີ່ຮິດແລກຳລັງຄຽດກັບໂອກາດເຮັດສົງຄາມທີ່ພາດໄປໃນ ຄ.ສ. 1938 ຮິດແລສະແດງຄວາມຜິດຫວັງຂອງເຂົາຕໍ່ຄວາມຕົກລົງມິວນິກອອກມາໃນສຸນທໍລະພົດເມື່ອວັນທີ່ 9 ຕຸລາ ຄ.ສ. 1938 ໃນຊາຣ໌ບຶກເຄນ ໃນມຸມມອງຂອງຮິດແລ ສັນຕິພາບເຊິ່ງອັງກິດເປັນນາຍໜ້ານັ້ນ ແມ້ນຈະອຳນວຍປະໂຫຍດຕໍ່ການຮຽກຮ້ອງບັງໜ້າເຢຍລະມັນແຕ່ກໍເປັນຄວາມພ່າຍແພ້ທາງການທູດເຊິ່ງຍິ່ງກະຕຸ້ນເຈດຕະນາຂອງຮິດແລໃນການຈຳກັດອຳນາດຂອງອັງກິດເພື່ອກຸຍທາງແກ່ການຂະຫຍາຍຕົວໄປທາງຕາເວັນອອກຂອງເຢຍລະມັນ ຜົນຈາກການປະຊຸມນີ້ ຮິດແລໄດ້ຮັບເລືອກເປັນ[[ບຸກຄົນແຫ່ງປີນິດຕະຍະສານໄທມ໌]] ຄ.ສ. 1938 [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-2004-1202-505, Prag, Burg, Besuch Adolf Hitler.jpg|thumb|ฮิตเลอร์เยือน[[ปราสาทปราก]] ไม่นานหลังเชโกสโลวาเกียถูกยึดครอง 15 มีนาคม ค.ศ. 1939|ຮິດແລເຍືອນ[[ປາສາດປຣາກ]] ບໍ່ດົນຫຼັງເຊໂກສະໂລວາເກຍຖືກຍຶດຄອງ 15 ມີນາ ຄ.ສ. 1939]] ໃນປາຍປີ ຄ.ສ. 1938 ແລະຕົ້ນ ຄ.ສ. 1939 ວິກິດຕະການເສດຖະກິດທີ່ດຳເນິນຕໍ່ໄປເຊິ່ງເກີດຈາກຄວາມພະຍາຍາມສ້າງເສີມອາວຸດໃໝ່ບີບໃຫ້ຮິດແລຕັດງົບປະມານປ້ອງກັນປະເທດລົງຢ່າງຫຼາຍ ວັນທີ່ 30 ມັງກອນ ຄ.ສ. 1939 ຮິດແລກ່າວສຸນທໍລະພົດ "ສົ່ງອອກຫຼີຕາຍ" ໂດຍຮຽກຮ້ອງການຮຸກທາງເສດຖະກິດຂອງເຢຍລະມັນເພື່ອຕື່ມສິນຊັບແລກປ່ຽນຕ່າງປະເທດເຢຍລະມັນເພື່ອຈ່າຍເປັນຄ່າວັດຖຸດິບ ເຊັ່ນ ເຫຼັກຄຸນນະພາບສູງເຊິ່ງຈຳເປັນຕໍ່ອາວຸດທາງທະຫານ ວັນທີ່ 15 ມີນາ ຄ.ສ. 1939 ໂດຍເປັນການລະເມີດຂໍ້ຕົກລົງມິວນິກແລະອາດເປັນເພາະຜົນຂອງວິກິດຕະການເສດຖະກິດທີ່ຖະຫຼຳລຶກເຊິ່ງຕ້ອງການສິນຊັບເພີ່ມເຕີມ ຮິດແລຈຶງສັ່ງໃຫ້ແວມັກບຸກຄອງ[[ປຣາກ]] ແລະຈາກປາສາດປຣາກໄດ້ປະກາດໃຫ້[[ໂບຮີເມຍແລະໂມລາເວຍ]]ເປັນ[[ລັດໃນອາລັກຂາ]]ຂອງເຢຍລະມັນ ===ສົງຄາມໂລກຄັ້ງທີສອງປະທຸ=== ໃນການປະຊຸມສ່ວນຕົວໃນຄ.ສ. 1939 ຮິດແລອະທິບາຍວ່າອັງກິດເປັນສັດຕູຫຼັກທີຈຳຕ້ອງຖືກພິຊິດ ໃນມຸມມອງເຂົາ ການລົບລ້າງໂປແລນຈາກການເປັນຊາດອະທິປະໄຕເປັນການໂຫມໂຮງທີຈຳເປັນສູ່ເປົ້າໝາຍນັ້ນ ປີກຕາເວັນອອກຈຳຕ້ອງໄດ້ຮັບການເຮັດໃຫ້ປອດໄພ ແລະທີດິນຈະຖືກຕື່ມເຂົ້າໄປໃນເລເບນສະເຣົາມ໌ຂອງເຢຍລະມັນ ຮິດແລຕ້ອງການໃຫ້ໂປແລນເປັນລັດບໍລິວານຂອງເຢຍລະມັນຫຼີບໍ່ສະນັ້ນກໍຖືກເຮັດໃຫ້ເປັນກາງເພື່ອໃຫ້ປີກທາງຕາເວັນອອກຂອງໄຣຊ໌ປອດໄພແລະເພື່ອປ້ອງກັນການປິດລ້ອມຂອງອັງກິດທີເປັນໄປໄດ້ ແຕ່ເດີມ ຮິດແລມັກແນວຄິດລັດບໍລິວານເຊິ່ງຖືກປະຕິເສດໂດຍລັດຖະບານໂປແລນ ດັງນັ້ນ ຮິດແລຈຶງຕັດສິນໃຈບຸກຄອງໂປແລນ ເຊິ່ງເຂົາຖືວ່າເປັນເປົ້າໝາຍນະໂຍບາຍຕ່າງປະເທດຫຼັກຂອງເຢຍລະມັນໃນ ຄ.ສ. 1939 ຮິດແລຖືກຂັດໃຈທີ່ອັງກິດ "ຮັບປະກັນ" ເອກະລາດຂອງໂປແລນ ເຊິ່ງປະກາດເມື່ອວັນທີ່ 31 ມີນາ ຄ.ສ. 1939 ແລະບອກແກ່ເພື່ອນຮ່ວມວຽກເຂົາວ່າ "ຂ້າພະເຈົ້າຈະພົ່ນເຄື່ອງດື່ມປີສາດໃຫ້ກັບພວກມັນ" ໃນສຸນທໍລະພົດໃນວິລເຮມຊາເວນເພື່ອປ່ອຍເຮືອປະຈັນບານເທຍພິດລົງນ້ຳເມື່ອວັນທີ່ 1 ເມສາ ຄ.ສ. 1939 ຮິດແລຂູ່ຈະບອກຍົກເລີກທັງຄວາມຕົກລົງນາວິກອັງກິດ-ເຢຍລະມັນເປັນຄັ້ງທຳອິດ ຫາກອັງກິດຍືນການການຮັບປະກັນເອກະລາດຂອງໂປແລນ ເຊິ່ງເຂົາມອງວ່າເປັນນະໂຍບາຍ "ຕີວົງລ້ອມ" ວັນທີ່ 3 ເມສາ ຄ.ສ. 1939 ຮິດແລສັ່ງການໃຫ້ຝ່າຍທະຫານກຽມການສຳລັບຟັລໄວສສ໌ (Fall Weiss, "ກໍລະນີຂາວ) ແຜນການສຳລັບບຸກຄອງຂອງເຢຍລະມັນໃນວັນທີ່ 25 ສິງຫາ ຄ.ສ. 1939 ໃນສຸນທໍລະພົດຕໍ່ໄຣຊ໌ສະທັກເມື່ອວັນທີ່ 28 ເມສາ ຮິດແລບອກເລີກທັງຄວາມຕົກລົງນາວິກອັງກິດ-ເຢຍລະມັນແລະສົນທິສັນຍາບໍ່ຮຸກຮານເຢຍລະມັນ-ໂປແລນ ຮິດແລກ່າວແກ່ນາຍພົນຂອງເຂົາວ່າແຜນການດັ້ງເດີມຂອງເຂົາໃນ ຄ.ສ. 1939 ຄື"...ຈັດຕັ້ງຄວາມສັມພັນທີ່ຍອມຮັບໄດ້ກັບໂປແລນເພື່ອຕໍ່ສູ້ກັບຕາເວັນຕົກ" ເນື່ອງຈາກໂປແລນປະຕິເສດຈະເປັນບໍລິວານຂອງເຢຍລະມັນ ຮິດແລຈຶງເຊື່ອວ່າທາງເລືອກດຽວຂອງເຂົາຄືການບຸກຄອງໂປແລນ ນັກປະຫວັດສາດ ເຊັ່ນ ວິລລຽມ ຄາຣ໌, ແກຮາດ ໄວແບກ ແລະ ອຽນ ເຄີຊໍສະເໜີວ່າ ສາເຫດທີ່ຮິດແລເຮັ່ງເຮັດສົງຄາມເພາະຄວາມຢ່ານຜິດປົກກະຕິແລະໝົກໝຸ້ນຂອງເຂົາວ່າຈະຕາຍກ່ອຍວັຍອັນຄວນ ແລະດັງນັ້ນຈຶງມີຄວາມຮູ້ສຶກວ່າ ເຂົາບໍ່ອາດບໍ່ມີຊີວິດຢູ່ຈົນສຳເລັດວຽກຂອງເຂົາກໍໄດ້ ຮິດແລເດີມກັງວົນວ່າການໂຈມຕີທາງທະຫານຕໍ່ໂປແລນອາດສົ່ງຜົນໃຫ້ເກີດສົງຄາມກັບອັງກິດກ່ອນເວລາອັນຄວນ ຢ່າງໃດກໍດີ ລັດຖະມົນຕີຕ່າງປະເທດຂອງຮິດແລ ແລະອະດີດເອກອັກຄະລາຊະທູດປະຈຳກຸງລອນດອນ [[ໂຈອາຄິມ ຟອນ ຮິບແບນທຣອພ]] ຍືນຍັນແກ່ເຂົາວ່າທັງອັງກິດແລະຝະລັ່ງຈະບໍ່ເຄົາລົບຄວາມຜູກມັດຂອງພວກຕົນຕໍ່ໂປແລນ ແລະສົງຄາມເຢຍລະມັນ-ໂປແລນຈະເປັນພຽງສົງຄາມໃນພູມິພາກຈຳກັດ ຮິບແບນທຣອພອ້າງວ່າໄດ້ສະແດງໂທລະເລກພາຍໃນ (diplomatic cable) ແກ່ຮິດແລເຊິ່ງສະໜັບສະໜຸນການວິເຄາະຂອງເຂົາເອກອັກຄະລາຊະທູດເຢຍລະມັນປະຈຳກຸງລອນດອນ ແຮແບດ ຟອນ ດີກເຊນ ສະໜັບສະໜຸນການວິເຄາະຂອງຮິບແບນທຣອພດ້ວຍການເດີນໜັງສືໃນເດືອນສິງຫາ ຄ.ສ. 1939 ໂດຍລາຍງານວ່າເຊມເບີເລນຊາບ "ໂຄງສ້າງສັງຄົມຂອງອັງກິດ ກະທັ່ງກອບຄວາມຄິດຂອງຈັກກະວັດອັງກິດ ວ່າຈະບໍ່ຮອດພົ້ນຄວາມຍຸ່ງເຫຍີງຂອງສົງຄາມແມ້ນຈະຊະນະກໍຕາມ" ແລະດັງນັ້ນຈຶງຈະຍອມອ່ອນຕາມ ເມື່ອເປັນເຊັ່ນນັ້ນ ວັນທີ່ 21 ສິງຫາ ຮິດແລຈິງສັ່ງລະດົມພົນທາງທະຫານຕໍ່ໂປແລນ ແຜນການສຳລັບການທັບທາງທະຫານໃນໂປແລນຂອງຮິດແລເມື່ອປາຍເດືອນສິງຫາຫຼືຕົ້ນເດືອນກັນຍານັ້ນຕ້ອງອາໄສການສະໜັບສະໜຸນໂດຍປະລິຍາຍຂອງໂຊວຽດ ສົນທິສັນຍາບໍ່ຮຸກຮານ (ສົນທິສັນຍາໂມໂລຕອຟ-ຮິບແບນທຣອພ) ລະຫວ່າງເຢຍລະມັນກັບສະຫະພາບໂຊວຽດ ພາຍໃຕ້ການນຳຂອງໂຈເຊຟ ສະຕາລິນ ຮວມພາກຜະໜວກລັບດ້ວຍຄວາມຕົກລົງແບ່ງໂປແລນລະຫວ່າງສອງປະເທດ ໃຈການສະໜອງຕໍ່ສົນທິສັນຍາໂມໂລຕອຟ-ຮິບແບນທຣອພ ອັງກິດແລະໂປແລນລົງນາມໃນພັນທະມິດທາງການທະຫານອັງກິດ-ໂປແລນເມື່ອວັນທີ 25 ສິງຫາ ຄ.ສ. 1939 ເຊິ່ງຂັດກັບທີຮິບແບນທຣອພພະຍາກອນໄວ້ວ່າສົນທິສັນຍາທີເພິ່ງກໍ່ຕັ້ງນີ້ຈະຕັດຄວາມສັມພັນລະຫວ່າງອັງກິດ-ໂປແລນ ພັນທະມິດນີ້ ຮ່ວມກັບຂ່າວຈາກອິຕາລີທີ່ວ່າມຸດໂສລິນີຈະບໍ່ເຄົາລົບສົນທິສັນຍາເຫຼັກ ເຮັດໃຫ້ຮິດແລເລື່ອນການໂຈມຕີໂປແລນອອກໄປຈາກວັນທີ 25 ສິງຫາ ໄປເປັນ 1 ກັນຍາ ບໍ່ຈັກມື້ກ່ອນສົງຄາມເລິ່ມຕົ້ນ ຮິດແລພະຍາຍາມອອກອຸບາຍໃຫ້ອັງກິດວາງຕົວເປັນກາງໂດຍສະເໜີການຮັບປະກັນບໍ່ຮຸກຮານຕໍ່[[ຈັກກະວັດອັງກິດ]]ເມື່ອວັນທີ 25 ສິງຫາ ແລະໂດຍໃຫ້ຮິບແບນທຣອພສະເໜີແຜນສັນຕິພາບນາທີສຸດທ້າຍດ້ວຍຈຳກັດເວລາສັ້ນຢ່າງເປັນໄປບໍ່ໄດ້ໃນຄວາມພະຍາຍາມທີຈະກ່າວໂທດວ່າສົງຄາມເປັນຜົນຈາກຄວາມເຊື່ອຍຊາຂອງອັງກິດແລະໂປແລນ ເພື່ອໃຊ້ເປັນຂໍ້ອ້າງສຳລັບການບຸກຄອງທາງທະຫານຕໍ່ໂປແລນ ຮິດແລຈຶງອ້າງສິດທິເໜືອນະຄອນເສລີດານຊິກແລະສິດທິໃນຸຖະໜົນນອກອານ່ເຂດຂ້າມສະໜວນໂປແລນ ເຊິ່ງເຢຍລະມັນໄດ້ຍົກໃຫ້ພາຍໃຕ້ສົນທິສັນຍາແວຊາຍ ແມ້ນຄວາມກັງວົນຂອງຮິດແລວ່າອັງກິດອາດເຂົ້າແຊກແຊງ ທ້າຍທີ່ສຸດ ເຂົາບໍ່ໄດ້ຍຸດຕິເປົ້າໝາຍໃນອັນທີ່ຈະບຸກຄອງໂປແລນ ແລະວັນທີ 1 ກັນຍາ ຄ.ສ. 1939 ເຢຍລະມັນກໍໄດ້ບຸກຄອງໂປແລນທາງຕາເວັນຕົກ ອັງກິດແລະຝະລັ່ງສະໜອງໂດຍປະກາດສົງຄາມຕໍ່ເຢຍລະມັນໃນວັນທີ 3 ກັນຍາ ເຊິ່ງໄດ້ສ້າງຄວາມປະຫຼາດໃຈແກ່ຮິດແລ ເຮັດໃຫ້ເຂົາຫັນໄປຫາຮິບແບນທຣອພແລະຖາມເຂົາຢ່າງໂກດໆ ວ່າ "ເອົາຈັງໃດທີນີ້" ຝະລັ່ງແລະອັງກິດບໍ່ໄດ້ປະຕິບັດຕາມການປະກາດຂອງຕົນໃນທັນທີແລະເມື່ອວັນທີ່ 17 ກັນຍາ ກອງທັບໂຊວຽດບຸກຄອງໂປແລນຈາກທາງຕາເວັນອອກ {{ຄຳເວົ້າ|ໂປແລນຈະບໍ່ມີວັນກຳໜົດຂຶ້ນໃໝ່ໃນຮູບຂອງສົນທິສັນຍາແວຊາຍ ເຊິ່ງບໍ່ໄດ້ຮັບປະກັນແຕ່ໂດຍສະເພາະເຢຍລະມັນ ແຕ່ຍັງຮວມເຖິງ...ລັດເຊຍ}} ອາໂດນ ຮິດແລ ສຸນທໍລະພົດຕໍ່ສາທາລະນະໃນດານຊິກ ປາຍເດືອນກັນຍາ ຄ.ສ. 1939 [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-2008-0922-500, Reichstag, Begrüßung Adolf Hitler.jpg|thumb|upright|ສະມາຊິກໄຣຊ໌ສະທັກສະແດງຄວາມເຄົາລົບຕໍ່ຮິດແລທີ່ໂຮງອຸປະຮາກຄອລລ໌ເມື່ອວັນທີ່ 6 ຕຸລາ ຄ.ສ. 1939 ຫຼັງສິ້ນສຸດສຸດ[[ການບຸກຄອງໂປແລນ|ການທັບຕໍ່ໂປແລນ]]]] ການສູນເສຍໂປແລນຕາມມາດ້ວຍສິ່ງທີ່ນັກໜັງສືພິມຮ່ວມສະໄໝເອິ້ນວ່າ "[[ສົງຄາມລວງ]]" ຫຼືຊິດຄີກ ຮິດແລສັ່ງການໃຫ້ເກົາໄລແຕແຫ່ງໂປແລນຕາເວັນຕົກສຽງເໜືອ ອັລແບດ ຟອດແຕແລະອາທູ ໄກແຊ ທີ່ເພິ່ງໄດ້ຮັບແຕ່ງຕັ້ງໃໝ່ "ແຜງ[ພື້ນທີ່]ເປັນເຢຍລະມັນ" (Germanise) ແລະໃຫ້ສັນຍາແກ່ທັງສອງວ່າ "ຈະບໍ່ມີການຕັ້ງຄຳຖາມ" ເຖິງວິທີການໃຊ້ ດ້ວຍຄວາມລຳຄານໃຈຂອງຮິມເລີ ຟອດແຕໃຫ້ຊາວໂປແລນທ້ອງຖິ່ນລົງນາມໃນແບບເຊິ່ງປະກາດວ່າພວກເຂົາມີເລືອດເຢຍລະມັນແລະບໍ່ຕ້ອງໃຊ້ເອກະສານຫຼັກຖານອື່ນປະກອບ ແຕ່ອີກດ້ານໜຶ່ງ ໄກແຊເລິ່ມການລົນນະລົງລ້າງເຊື້ອຊາດຢ່າງໂຫດຮ້າຍຕໍ່ປະຊາກອນໂປແລນໃນອຳນາດຂອງເຂົາ ໄກແຊຈົ່ມກັບຮິດແລວ່າຟອດແຕອະນຸຢາດໃຫ້ຊາວໂປແລນຫຼາຍພັນຄົນໄດ້ຮັບການຍອມຮັບວ່າເປັນຊາວເຢຍລະມັນ "ໂດຍເຊື້ອຊາດ" ແລະດັງນັ້ນ ໃນມຸມມອງຂອງໄກແຊຈຶງເປັນອັນຕະລາຍຕໍ່ "ຄວາມບໍລິສຸດທາງເຊື້ອຊາດ" ຂອງເຢຍລະມັນ ຮິດແລບອກຮິມເລີແລະໄກແຊໃຫ້ຍອມຮັບຄວາມຂັບຂ້ອງກັບຟອດແຕ ແລະບໍ່ໃຫ້ພາດພິງເຖິງເຂົາ ການຈັດການກັບກໍລະນີພິພາດຟອດແຕ-ໄກແຊນັ້ນ ໄດ້ຖືກພັດທະນາເປັນຕົວຢ່າງຂອງທິດສະດີ "ເຮັດວຽກມຸ່ງສູ່ຟືແລ" ຂອງເຄີຊໍ ໝາຍຄວາມວ່າ ຮິດແລສັ່ງການຢ່າງຄຸມເຄືອແລະຄາດຫວັງໃຫ້ຜູ້ໃຕ້ບັງຄັບບັນຊາຂອງເຂົາດຳເນິນນະໂຍບາຍນັ້ນເອງ ອີກກໍລະນີພິພາດໜຶ່ງເກີດຂຶ້ນລະຫວ່າງຝ່າຍທີ່ແຕກຕ່າງກັນ ດ້ານໜຶ່ງ ນຳໂດຍຮິມເລີແລະໄກແຊ ສະໜັບສະໜຸນການກວາດລ້າງເຊື້ອຊາດໂປແລນ ແລະອີກດ້ານໜຶ່ງ ນຳໂດຍ[[ເກີລິງ]]ແລະ[[ຮັນຟຣັງ]] ຂ້າຫຼວງໃຫຍ່ດິນແດນເນຣັລກໍແວນເມນທ໌ໃນໂປແລນເຂດຍຶດຄອງຮຽກຮ້ອງໃຫ້ປ່ຽນໂປແລນແມ່ນ "ຍຸ້ງສາງ" ຂອງໄຣຊ໌ ໃນການປະຊຸມເຊິ່ງຈັດທີ່ຄະລຶຫາດຄາລິນຮັນຂອງເກີລິງເມື່ອວັນທີ່ 12 ກຸມພາ ຄ.ສ. 1940 ກໍລະນີພິພາດນີ້ເດີມໄດ້ຮັບການຕັດສິນເຫັນຊອບກັບມຸມມອງການສະແຫວງຫາປະໂຫຍດທາງເສດຖະກິດຂອງເກີລິງ-ຟຣັງເຊິ່ງຍຸດຕິການເນລະເທດຂະໜານໃຫຍ່ເຊິ່ງຮົບກວນເສດຖະກິດ ຢ່າງໃດກໍດີ ວັນທີ່ 15 ພຶດສະພາ ຄ.ສ. 1940 ຮິມເລີນຳສະເໜີຮິດແລດ້ວຍບັນທຶກຂໍ້ຄວາມ "ບາງຄະຕິວ່າດ້ວຍການປະຕິບັດຕໍ່ປະຊາກອນຕ່າງດ້າວໃນທາງຕາເວັນອອກເຊິ່ງຮຽກຮ້ອງໃຫ້ຂັບໄລ່ປະຊາກອນຍິວທັງເອີລົບໄປຍັງແອຟິກາແລະລົດຖານະປະຊາກອນໂປແລນເຫຼືອລົງແມ່ນ "ຊົນຊັ້ນແຮງງານໄຮ້ຜູ້ນຳ" ຮິດແລເອິ້ນບັນທຶກຂໍ້ຄວາມຂອງຮິມເລີວ່າ "ດີແລະຖຶກຕ້ອງ" ເຂົາລະເລີຍເກີລິງແລະຟຣັງ ແລະນຳນະໂຍບາຍຂອງຮິມເລີ-ໄກແຊໄປປະຕິບັດໃນໂປແລນ ຮິດແລສັ່ງການໃຫ້ເສີມສ້າງກຳລັງທະຫານຕາມຊາຍແດນຕາເວັນຕົກຂອງເຢຍລະມັນ ແລະໃນເດືອນເມສາ ຄ.ສ. 1940 ກອງທັບເຢຍລະມັນບຸກຄອງດານມາກແລະນໍເວ ໃນເດຶອນພຶດສະພາ ຄ.ສ. 1940 ກອງທັບຂອງຮິດແລໂຈມຕີຝະລັ່ງ ແລະລູກຊຳບວກ ເນເທີແລນແລະແບນຊິກ ໄຊຊະນະເຫຼົ່ານີ້ກະຕຸ້ນໃຫ້ມຸດໂສລິນີນຳອີຕາລີເຂົ້າພວກກັບຮິດແລໃນວັນທີ 10 ມິຖຸນາ ຄ.ສ. 1940 ຝະລັ່ງຍອມຈຳນົນເມື່ອວັນທີ 22 ມິຖຸນາ ຄ.ສ. 1940 ອັງກິດເຊິ່ງກອງທັບຖືກບີບບັງຄັບໃຫ້ອອກຈາກຝະລັ່ງທາງທະເລຈາກດັນເຄີກ ຍັງຄົງສູ້ຮົບຄຽງຂ້າງຈັກກະພົບອື່ນໆ ໃນຍຸດທະນາວີແອັດແລນຕິກ ຮິດແລທາບທາມສັນຕິພາບຕໍ່ອັງກິດ ເຊິ່ງຂະນະນີ້ນຳໂດຍ[[ວິນສະຕັນ ເຊີຣ໌ຊິລລ໌]]ແລະເມື່ອການທາບທາມນັ້ນຖືກປະຕິເສດ ເຂົາໄດ້ສັ່ງການປາລະເບີດສວຍໂອກາດຕໍ່ສະຫະລາຊະອານາຈັກໂຫມໂຮງສູ່ການບຸກຄອງສະຫະລາຊະອານາຈັກທີວາງແຜນໄວ້ຂອງຮິດແລແມ່ນຊຸດການໂຈມຕີເທິງອາກາດໃນຍຸດທະການເບຕາຍຕໍ່ຖານທັບອາກາດກອງທັບອາກາດອັງກິດ ແລະສະຖານີເລດ້າທາງຕາເວັນຕົກສຽງໃຕ້ຂອງອັງກິດ ຢ່າງໃດກໍດີລຸບວັບເຟີຂອງເຢຍລະມັນບໍ່ສາມາດເອົາຊະນະກອງທັບອາກາດອັງກິດ ວັນທີ 27 ກັນຍາ ຄ.ສ. 1940 ສົນທິສັນຍາໄຕພາຄີໄດ້ຮັບການລົງນາມໃນກຸງເບີລິນ ໂດຍຊາບຸໂຮ ຄຸຮຸສຸ ແຫ່ງຈັກກະວັດຢີ່ປຸ່ນ, ຮິດແລ ແລະລັດຖະມົນຕີຕ່າງປະເທດອີຕາລີ ຊີອາໂນ ຄວາມຕົກລົງດັງກ່າວພາຍຫຼັງຂະຫຍາຍໄປຮວມເຖິງຮົງກະລີ ໂລມາເນຍແລະບັນແກເລຍ ປະເທດເຫຼົ່ານີ້ຮູ້ຈັກກັນໃນກຸ່ມ[[ອັກສະປະເທດ]] ຈຸດປະສົງຂອງສົນທິສັນຍາຄື ເພື່ອຂັດຂວາງສະຫະລັດອາເມລິກາບໍ່ໃຫ້ສະໜັບສະໜຸນອັງກິດ ຈົນຮອດປາຍເດືອນຕຸລາ ຄ.ສ. 1940 ຄວາມເປັນເຈົ້າທາງອາກາດສຳລັບການບຸກຄອງອັງກິດ ປະຕິການສິງໂຕທະເລ ບໍ່ອາດບັນລຸໄດ້ ແລະຮິດແລສັ່ງການຕີໂສບສວຍທາງອາກາດຍາມກາງຄືນຕາມນະຄອນຕ່າງ ໆ ຂອງອັງກິດ ຮວມທັງລອນດອນ [[ພລີມັດ]]ແລະ[[ໂຄເວນທຣີ]] ໃນລະດູໃບໄມ້ຜລິ [[ຄ.ສ. 1941]] ຮິດແລຖືກເຮັດໄຂວ້ເຂວ່ຈາກແຜນການທາງຕາເວັນອອກໂດຍກິດຈະກຳທາງທະຫານໃນອາຟຣິກາເໜືອ ຄາບສະໝຸດບອລຂ່ານແລະຕາເວັນອອກກາງ ໃນເດືອນກຸມພາ ກອງທັບເຢຍລະມັນໄປຮອດລິເບຍເພື່ອສະໜັບສະໜຸນອີຕາລີ ໃນເດືອນເມສາ ຮິດແລສັ່ງການບຸກຄອງຍູໂກດລາເວຍ ແລະຕາມດ້ວຍການບຸກຄອງກຣີຊໃນເວລາອັນຮວດເຮັວ ໃນເດືອນພຶດສະພາ ກອງທັບເຢຍລະມັນຖືກສົ່ງໄປສະໜັບສະໜຸນກຳລັງກະບົດອິຮັກທີ່ສູ້ຮົບຕໍ່ອັງກິດແລະບຸກຄອງຄຣີດ ວັນທີ 23 ພຶດສະພາ ຮິດແລອອກຄຳສັ່ງຟືແລ ສະບັບທີ 30 === ທາງສູ່ຄວາມປາໄຊ === ເມື່ອວັນທີ 22 ມິຖຸນາ ຄ.ສ. 1941 ໂດຍຝ່າຝືນສົນທິສັນຍາບໍ່ຮຸກຮານຮິດແລ-ສະຕາລິນທະຫານເຢຍລະມັນສາມລ້ານນາຍໂຈມຕີ[[ສະຫະພາບໂຊວຽດ]]ໃນ[[ປະຕິບັດການບາບາຣອສຊາ]] ການບຸກຄອງນີ້ໄດ້ຍຶດພື້ນທີ່ໄດ້ກວ້າງໃຫຍ່ໄພສານ ຮວມທັງລັດບອນຕິກ [[ປະເທດເບລາລຸດ|ເບລາລຸດ]]ແລະ[[ປະເທດຍູເຄນ|ຍູເຄນ]] ຢ່າງໃດກໍດີ ການຮຸກຄືບຂອງເຢຍລະມັນຫຍຸດລົງບໍ່ໄກຈາກ[[ມອສໂກ|ກຸງມອສໂກ]]ໃນເດືອນທັນວາ ຄ.ສ. 1941 ໂດຍລະດູໜາວຂອງລັດເຊຍແລະການຕ້ານທານຢ່າງດຸເດືອດຂອງໂຊວຽດ ການຊຸມນຸມຂອງທະຫານໂຊວຽດກົງພົມແດນຕາເວັນອອກຂອງເຢຍລະມັນໃນລະດູໃບໄມ້ຜິ ຄ.ສ. 1941 ອາດເປັນເຫດໃຫ້ຮິດແລມາມີສ່ວນໃນຟຸກ ນັກ ຟອນ ("ບິນໄປຂ້າງໜ້າ) ເພື່ອຜະເຊີນໜ້າກັບຄວາມຂັດແຍ້ງອັນຫຼີກລ່ຽງບໍ່ໄດ້ ວິກຕໍ ຊູໂວຣອຟ, ແອຣ໌ນ ໂທພິດ, ໂຈອາຄິມ ຮອບມັນ, ແອຣ໌ນ ນອລເທີ ແລະເດວິດ ເອຍວິງ ໄດ້ຖົກຖຽງກັນວ່າເຫດຜົນຢ່າງເປັນທາງການສຳລັບບາບາຣອສຊາທີ່ກອງທັບເຢຍລະມັນໃຫ້ນັ້ນເປັນເຫດຜົນແທ້ຈິງ ຄື ສົງຄາມປ້ອງກັນເພື່ອປົກປ້ອງການໂຈມຕີຂອງໂຊວຽດທີ່ກຽມການໄວ້ເມື່ອເດືອນກໍລະກົດ ຄ.ສ. 1941 ຢ່າງໃດກໍດີ ທິດສະດີນີ້ຖືກຕິຕຽນນັກປະຫວັດສາດອາເມລິກັນ ເກີຮາດ ໄວເບີກເຄີຍປຽບຜູ້ສະໜັບສະໜຸນທິດສະດີສົງຄາມປ້ອງກັນກັບຜູ້ທີ່ເຊື່ອໃນ "ເທບນິຍາຍ" ການບຸກຄອງສະຫະພາບໂຂວຽດຂອງກອງທັບບົກເຢຍລະມັນເຖິງຂີດສຸດເມື່ອວັນທີ່ 2 ທັນວາ ຄ.ສ. 1941 ເມື່ອກອງພົນທະຫານຣາບທີ່ 258 ຮຸກເຂົ້າໄປພາຍໃນລັດສະໝີ 24 ກິໂລແມັດຈາກກຸງມອສໂກ ໄກ້ພໍທີ່ຈະເຫັນຍອດແຫຼມຂອງເຄມລິນ ຢ່າງໃດກໍດີ ພວກເຂົາບໍ່ໄດ້ກຽມການສຳລັບສະພາບອັນໂຫດຮ້າຍຂອງລະດູໜາວລັດເຊຍ ແລະກອງທັບໂຊວຽດຜັກດັນກອງທັບເຢຍລະມັນກັບມາເປັນລະຍະທາງກວ່າ 320 ກິໂລແມັດ ວັນທີ່ 7 ທັນວາ ຄ.ສ. 1941 ຢີ່ປຸ່ນໂຈມຕີເພີລຮາເບີ ລັດຮາວາຍ ສີ່ວັນໃຫ້ຫຼັງການປະກາດສົງຄາມຢ່າງເປັນທາງການຕໍ່ສະຫະລັດອາເມລິກາຂອງຮິດແລ ເຮັດໃຫ້ເຢຍລະມັນເຂົ້າສູ່ສົງຄາມກັບກຳລັງຜະສົມເຊິ່ງມີປະເທດຈັກກະວັດໃຫຍ່ທີ່ສຸດໃນໂລກ ຄື [[ຈັກກະວັດອັງກິດ]] ປະເທດອຸສາຫະກຳແລະເງິນທີ່ຍິ່ງໃຫຍ່ທີ່ສຸດໃນໂລກ ຄື [[ສະຫະລັດອາເມລິກາ]] ແລະປະເທດທີ່ມີກອງທັບໃຫຍ່ທີ່ສຸດໃນໂລກ ຄື [[ສະຫະພາບໂຊວຽດ]] [[ຮູບ:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1987-0703-507, Berlin, Reichstagssitzung, Rede Adolf Hitler.jpg|thumb|left|ຮິດແລລະຫວ່າງສຸນທໍລະພົດຕໍ່ໄຣຊ໌ສະທາກໂຈມຕີປະທານາທິບະດີສະຫະລັດ [[ແຟຣງກລິນ ດີ. ໂຣສເວລສ໌]] 11 ທັນວາ 1941]] == ຊ່ວງຊີວິດເລີ່ມຕົ້ນ == [[ຮູບ:Adolf_Hitler_infant_photo_(3x4_cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Hitler ຕອນ​ເປັນ​ເດັກ​ນ້ອຍ ( c. 1889–90)]] ຮິດເລີ ເກີດໃນວັນທີ 20 ເດືອນເມສາປີ 1889 ທີ່ເມືອງ Braunau am Inn, ເມືອງໃນອອສເຕຼຍ - ຮັງກາຣີ (ປະຈຸບັນ ອອສເຕຍ), ໃກ້ກັບຊາຍແດນເຢຍລະມັນ. {{Sfn|House of Responsibility}} {{Sfn|Bullock|1999}} ລາວ​ເປັນ​ລູກ​ທີ​ສີ່​ຂອງ​ລູກທັງໝົດ​ຫົກ​ຄົນ​ເກີດ​ກັບ ທ້າວ Alois Hitler ແລະ​ພັນ​ລະ​ຍາ​ຄົນ​ທີ​ສາມ​ຂອງ​ລາວ​, Klara Pölzl ​. ອ້າຍ​ເອື້ອຍ​ນ້ອງ​ສາມ​ຄົນ​ຂອງ Hitler - Gustav, Ida, ແລະ Otto - ໄດ້​ເສຍ​ຊີ​ວິດ​ໃນ​ໄວ​ເດັກ. {{Sfn|Kershaw|2008}} ຍັງມີຜູ້ອາໄສຢູ່ໃນຄົວເຮືອນແມ່ນລູກໆຂອງ Alois ຈາກການແຕ່ງງານຄັ້ງທີສອງຂອງລາວ: Alois Jr. (ເກີດ 1882) ແລະ Angela (ເກີດ 1883). {{Sfn|Toland|1976}} ໃນ ຄສ 1892, ຄອບຄົວໄດ້ ຍ້າຍໄປ Passau, ເຢຍລະ ມັນ, ຫຼັງຈາກ ການເລື່ອນຊັ້ນຂອງ Alois ເປັນຜູ້ບໍລິຫານພາສີ ໃນ Passau . Hitler ແມ່ນມີອາຍຸສາມປີໃນເວລານັ້ນ. Alois ໄດ້​ຮັບ​ການເລື່ອນຊັ້ນ ​ແລະ​ຍົກ​ຍ້າຍ​ໄປ Linz ​, Austria​, ໃນ​ວັນ​ທີ 1 ເມ​ສາ 1893​, ແຕ່​ຄົນສ່ວນ​ທີ່​ເຫຼືອ​ຂອງ​ຄອບ​ຄົວ​ຍັງ​ຄົງ​ຢູ່​ໃນ Passau​. {{Sfn|Rosmus|2004}} ຢູ່ທີ່ນັ້ນ Hitler ໄດ້ຮັບແລະຮຽນຮູ້ພາສາ Bavarian , ແທນທີ່ຈະເປັນ ພາສາເຢຍລະມັນ Austrian, ເຊິ່ງເຮັດໃຫ້ການປາໄສຂອງລາວໂດດເດັ່ນ. {{Sfn|Keller|2010}} {{Sfn|Hamann|2010}} {{Sfn|Kubizek|2006}} ຄອບຄົວໄດ້ກັບຄືນໄປ ອອສເຕຼຍ ແລະ ຕັ້ງຖິ່ນຖານທີ່ Leonding ໃນ ວັນທີ 9 ເດືອນ ພຶດສະພາ 1894, {{Sfn|Rosmus|2004}} ແລະ ໃນເດືອນ ມິຖຸນາ 1895, Alois ໄດ້ອອກບໍານານໃນ Hafeld, ໃກ້ Lambach, ບ່ອນ ທີ່ລາວເຮັດຟາມ ປູກຝັງ ແລະ ລ້ຽງເຜິ້ງ. Hitler ໄປໂຮງຮຽນ {{Lang|de|[[Volksschule]]}} (ໂຮງ​ຮຽນ​ປະ​ຖົມ​ທີ່​ໄດ້​ຮັບ​ທຶນ​ຈາກ​ລັດ​) ຢູ່​ໃກ້ກັບ Fischlham . {{Sfn|Kubizek|2006}} {{Sfn|Hitler|1999}} ==ອ້າງອີງ== {{ລາຍການອ້າງອີງ}} ;ບັນນານຸກົມ {{refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book | last = Aigner | first = Dietrich | editor1-last = Koch | editor1-first = H.W | title = Aspects of the Third Reich | url = https://archive.org/details/aspectsofthirdre001933 | year = 1985 | publisher = MacMillan | location = London | chapter = Hitler's ultimate aims&nbsp;– a programme of world dominion? | isbn = 978-0-312-05726-8 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Bauer | first = Yehuda | title = Rethinking the Holocaust | url = https://archive.org/details/rethinkingholoca0000baue | publisher = Yale University Press | year = 2000 | page = [https://archive.org/details/rethinkingholoca0000baue/page/5 5] | isbn = 978-0-300-08256-2 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Beevor | first = Antony | authorlink = Antony Beevor | title = [[Berlin: The Downfall 1945]] | year = 2002 | publisher = Viking-Penguin Books | location = London | isbn = 978-0-670-03041-5 | ref = harv }} * {{cite journal | last1 = Beevor | first1 = Antony | last2 = Attar | first2 = Rob | title = The World in Flames | journal = BBC History Magazine | date = June 2012 | volume = 13 | issue = 6 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Bendersky | first = Joseph W | title = A History of Nazi Germany: 1919–1945 | year = 2000 | publisher = Rowman & Littlefield | isbn = 978-1-4422-1003-5 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Bloch | first = Michael | title = Ribbentrop | url = https://archive.org/details/ribbentrop0000bloc | location = New York | publisher = Crown Publishing | year = 1992 | isbn = 978-0-517-59310-3 | ref = harv }} * {{cite journal | last = Bonney | first = Richard | authorlink = Richard Bonney | title = The Nazi Master Plan, Annex 4: The Persecution of the Christian Churches | journal = Rutgers Journal of Law and Religion | year = 2001 | url = http://www.leics.gov.uk/the_nazi_master_plan.pdf | accessdate =7 June 2011 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Bullock | first = Alan | authorlink = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler: A Study in Tyranny | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstudyintyr0000bull_c8v9 | location = London | publisher = Penguin Books | year = 1962 | origyear = 1952 | isbn = 978-0-14-013564-0 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Bullock | first = Alan | authorlink = Alan Bullock | title = Hitler: A Study in Tyranny | year = 1999 | origyear = 1952 | publisher = Konecky & Konecky | location = New York | isbn = 978-1-56852-036-0 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last1 = Butler | first1 = Ewan | last2 = Young | first2 = Gordon | title = The Life and Death of Hermann Göring | url = https://archive.org/details/lifedeathofherma0000butl | publisher = [[David & Charles]] | location = Newton Abbot, Devon | year = 1989 | isbn = 978-0-7153-9455-7 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Carr | first = William | title = Arms, Autarky and Aggression | url = https://archive.org/details/armsautarkyaggre0000carr | publisher = Edward Arnold | location = London | year = 1972 | isbn = 978-0-7131-5668-3 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Conway | first = John S. | author-link = John S. Conway (historian) | title = The Nazi Persecution of the Churches 1933–45 | url = https://archive.org/details/nazipersecutiono0000jsco_m7j1 | year = 1968 | location = London | publisher = Weidenfeld & Nicolson | isbn = 978-0-297-76315-4 | ref = harv }} * {{cite journal | last = Crandell | first = William F. | title = Eisenhower the Strategist: The Battle of the Bulge and the Censure of Joe McCarthy | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_presidential-studies-quarterly_summer-1987_17_3/page/487 | journal = Presidential Studies Quarterly | year = 1987 | volume = 17 | issue = 3 | pages = 487–501 | ref = harv | jstor = 27550441 }} * {{cite book | last1 = Del Testa | first1 = David W | last2 = Lemoine | first2 = Florence | last3 = Strickland | first3 = John | title = Government Leaders, Military Rulers, and Political Activists | url = https://archive.org/details/governmentleader0000delt | year= 2003 | publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group | page = [https://archive.org/details/governmentleader0000delt/page/83 83] | isbn = 978-1-57356-153-2 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Dietrich | first = Otto | authorlink = Otto Dietrich | title = The Hitler I Knew: Memoirs of the Third Reich's Press Chief | url = https://archive.org/details/hitleriknewmemoi0000diet_a3m5 | publisher = Skyhorse | location = New York | year = 2010 | isbn = 978-1-60239-972-3 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Dollinger | first = Hans | title = The Decline and Fall of Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan: A Pictorial History of the Final Days of World War II | isbn = 978-0-517-12399-7 | year = 1995 | origyear = 1965 | publisher = Gramercy | location = New York | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Downing | first = David | title = The Nazi Death Camps | year = 2005 | publisher = Gareth Stevens | series = World Almanac Library of the Holocaust | isbn = 978-0-8368-5947-8 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Evans | first = Richard J. | authorlink = Richard J. Evans | title = [[The Coming of the Third Reich]] | year = 2003 | publisher = Penguin Group | isbn = 978-0-14-303469-8 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Evans | first = Richard J. | title = The Third Reich in Power | url = https://archive.org/details/thirdreichinpowe0000evan_q2i7 | year = 2005 | publisher = Penguin Group | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-14-303790-3 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Evans | first = Richard J. | title = The Third Reich At War | url = https://archive.org/details/thirdreichatwar00evan_1 | year = 2008 | publisher = Penguin Group | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-14-311671-4 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Fest | first = Joachim C. | author-link = Joachim Fest | title = The Face of the Third Reich | url = https://archive.org/details/faceofthirdreich0000fest_t9z2 | location = London | publisher = Weidenfeld & Nicolson | year = 1970 | isbn = 978-0-297-17949-8 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Fest | first = Joachim C. | title = Hitler | url = https://archive.org/details/hitler0000joac | location = London | publisher = Weidenfeld & Nicolson | year = 1974 | origyear = 1973 | isbn = 978-0-297-76755-8 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Fest | first = Joachim C. | title = Hitler | url = https://archive.org/details/hitler0000fest_f2e9 | year = 1977 | origyear = 1973 | publisher = Penguin | location = Harmondsworth | isbn = 978-0-14-021983-8 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Fischer | first = Klaus P. | title = Nazi Germany: A New History | url = https://archive.org/details/nazigermanynewhi0000fisc_h7i6 | location = London | publisher = Constable and Company | year = 1995 | isbn = 978-0-09-474910-8 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Fromm | first = Erich | authorlink = Erich Fromm | title = The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness | url = https://archive.org/details/anatomyofhumande0000eric_u1c1 | year = 1977 | origyear = 1973 | publisher = Penguin Books | location = London | isbn = 978-0-14-004258-0 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Fulda | first = Bernhard | title = Press and Politics in the Weimar Republic | year = 2009 | publisher = Oxford University Press | isbn = 978-0-19-954778-4 | ref = harv }} * {{cite journal | last = Gellately | first = Robert | title = Reviewed work(s): Vom Generalplan Ost zum Generalsiedlungsplan by Czeslaw Madajczyk. Der "Generalplan Ost". Hauptlinien der nationalsozialistischen Planungs- und Vernichtungspolitik by Mechtild Rössler; Sabine Schleiermacher | journal = Central European History | volume = 29 | issue = 2 | year = 1996 | pages = 270–274 | ref = harv | doi = 10.1017/S0008938900013170 }} * {{cite book | last = Goldhagen | first = Daniel | authorlink = Daniel Goldhagen | title = [[Hitler's Willing Executioners|Hitler's Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust]] | year = 1996 | publisher = Knopf | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-679-44695-8 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Hakim | first = Joy | authorlink = Joy Hakim | series = [[A History of US]] | title = War, Peace, and All That Jazz | volume = 9 | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1995 | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-19-509514-2 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last1 = Halperin | first1 = Samuel William | title = Germany Tried Democracy: A Political History of the Reich from 1918 to 1933 | url = https://archive.org/details/germanytrieddemo00halp | publisher = W.W. Norton | location = New York | year = 1965 | origyear = 1946 | isbn = 978-0-393-00280-5 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last1 = Hamann | first1 = Brigitte | authorlink1 = Brigitte Hamann | title = Hitler's Vienna: A Dictator's Apprenticeship | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlersviennadic00hama | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = New York | year = 1999 | others = Trans. Thomas Thornton | isbn = 978-0-19-512537-5 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Hamann | first = Brigitte | title = Hitler's Vienna: A Portrait of the Tyrant as a Young Man | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlersviennadic0000hama_j7f5 | publisher = Tauris Parke Paperbacks | location = London; New York | year = 2010 | origyear = 1999 | others = Trans. Thomas Thornton | isbn = 978-1-84885-277-8 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Hancock | first = Ian | authorlink = Ian Hancock | editor1-last = Stone | editor1-first = Dan | title = The Historiography of the Holocaust | url = https://archive.org/details/historiographyof0000unse_b1p8 | year = 2004 | publisher = Palgrave Macmillan | location = New York; Basingstoke | isbn = 978-0-333-99745-1 | chapter = Romanies and the Holocaust: A Reevaluation and an Overview | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Heck | first = Alfons | authorlink = Alfons Heck | title = A Child of Hitler: Germany In The Days When God Wore A Swastika | url = https://archive.org/details/childofhitlerger0000heck | origyear = 1985 | year = 2001 | publisher = Renaissance House | location = Phoenix, AZ | isbn = 978-0-939650-44-6 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last1 = Heston | first1 = Leonard L. | last2 = Heston | first2 = Renate | title = The Medical Casebook of Adolf Hitler: His Illnesses, Doctors, and Drugs | url = https://archive.org/details/medicalcasebooko0000hest | year = 1980 | origyear = 1979 | publisher = Stein and Day | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-8128-2718-7 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Hildebrand | first = Klaus | author-link = Klaus Hildebrand | title = The Foreign Policy of the Third Reich | location = London | publisher = Batsford | year = 1973 | isbn = 978-0-7134-1126-3 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Hitler | first = Adolf | title = [[Mein Kampf]] | location = Boston | publisher = Houghton Mifflin | year = 1999 | origyear = 1925 | others = Trans. [[Ralph Manheim]] | isbn = 978-0-395-92503-4 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last1 = Hitler | first1 = Adolf | last2 = Trevor-Roper | first2 = Hugh | author2-link = Hugh Trevor-Roper | title = [[Hitler's Table Talk|Hitler's Table-Talk, 1941–1945: Hitler's Conversations Recorded by Martin Bormann]] | location = Oxford | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1988 | origyear = 1953 | isbn = 978-0-19-285180-2 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Hitler | first = Adolf | title = Hitler's Table Talk, 1941–1944 | location = London | publisher = Enigma | year = 2000 | origyear = 1941–1944 | isbn = 1-929631-05-7 | url =https://archive.org/details/hitlerstabletalk0000hitl | format = | ref = harv }} * {{cite news | last = Jamieson | first = Alastair | title = Nazi leader Hitler really did have only one ball | newspaper = [[The Daily Telegraph]] | date = 19 November 2008 | url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/3481932/Nazi-leader-Hitler-really-did-have-only-one-ball.html | accessdate =27 May 2011 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Jetzinger | first = Franz | authorlink = Franz Jetzinger | title = Hitler's Youth | year = 1976 | origyear = 1956 | publisher = Greenwood Press | location = Westport, Conn | isbn = 978-0-8371-8617-7 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Joachimsthaler | first = Anton | others = Trans. Helmut Bögler | title = The Last Days of Hitler: The Legends, the Evidence, the Truth | url = https://archive.org/details/lastdaysofhitler0000joac_o3a8 | year = 1999 | origyear = 1995 | publisher = Brockhampton Press | location = London | isbn = 978-1-86019-902-8 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Kee | first = Robert | authorlink = Robert Kee | title = Munich: The Eleventh Hour | url = https://archive.org/details/municheleventhho0000keer | publisher = Hamish Hamilton | location = London | year = 1988 | isbn = 978-0-241-12537-3 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Keegan | first = John | authorlink = John Keegan | title = The Mask of Command: A Study of Generalship | url = https://archive.org/details/maskofcommandstu0000keeg | publisher = Pimlico | location = London | year = 1987 | isbn = 978-0-7126-6526-1 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Keller | first = Gustav | title= Der Schüler Adolf Hitler: die Geschichte eines lebenslangen Amoklaufs | trans_title = The Student Adolf Hitler: The Story of a Lifelong Rampage | publisher = LIT | language = German | location = Münster | year = 2010 | isbn = 978-3-643-10948-4 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Kellogg | first = Michael | title = The Russian Roots of Nazism White Émigrés and the Making of National Socialism, 1917–1945 | url = https://archive.org/details/russianrootsofna0000kell | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 2005 | isbn = 978-0-521-84512-0 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Kershaw | first = Ian | author-link = Ian Kershaw | title = Hitler: 1889–1936: Hubris | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerhubris00kers | location = New York | publisher = [[W. W. Norton & Company]] | year = 1999 | origyear = 1998 | isbn = 978-0-393-04671-7 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Kershaw | first = Ian | title = The Nazi Dictatorship: Problems and Perspectives of Interpretation | url = https://archive.org/details/nazidictatorship00kers | edition = 4th | location = London | publisher = Arnold | year = 2000a | origyear = 1985 | isbn = 978-0-340-76028-4 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Kershaw | first = Ian | title = Hitler, 1936–1945: Nemesis | url = https://archive.org/details/hitler193645neme0000kers_n4x3 | location = New York; London | publisher = W. W. Norton & Company | year = 2000b | isbn = 978-0-393-32252-1 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Kershaw | first = Ian | title = Hitler: A Biography | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerbiography0000kers | publisher = W. W. Norton & Company | location = New York | year = 2008 | isbn = 978-0-393-06757-6 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Kershaw | first = Ian | title = The End: Hitler's Germany, 1944–45 | url = https://archive.org/details/endhitlersgerman0000kers_i7u7 | year = 2012 | publisher = Penguin | location = London | isbn = 978-0-14-101421-0 | edition = Paperback | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Knickerbocker | first = H. R. | authorlink = Hubert Renfro Knickerbocker | title = Is Tomorrow Hitler's? 200 Questions On the Battle of Mankind | year=1941 | publisher = Reynal & Hitchcock | location = New York | ref = harv }} * {{cite journal | last = Koch | first = H. W. | title = Operation Barbarossa&nbsp;– The Current State of the Debate | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_historical-journal_1988-06_31_2/page/377 | journal = [[The Historical Journal]] | volume = 31 | issue = 2 | month = June | year = 1988 | pages = 377–390 | doi = 10.1017/S0018246X00012930 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Kolb | first = Eberhard | authorlink = Eberhard Kolb | title = The Weimar Republic | origyear = 1984 | year = 2005 | isbn = 978-0-415-34441-8 | publisher = Routledge | location = London; New York | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Kolb | first = Eberhard | year = 1988 | origyear = 1984 | title = The Weimar Republic | url = https://archive.org/details/weimarrepublic0000kolb | location = New York | publisher = Routledge | isbn = 978-0-415-09077-3 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Kressel | first = Neil J. | title = Mass Hate: The Global Rise Of Genocide And Terror | url = https://archive.org/details/masshateglobalri0000kres | year = 2002 | publisher = Basic Books | location = Boulder | isbn = 978-0-8133-3951-1 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Kubizek | first = August | title = The Young Hitler I Knew | url = https://archive.org/details/younghitleriknew0000kubi | authorlink = August Kubizek | year = 2006 | origyear = 1953 | publisher = MBI | location = St. Paul, MN | isbn = 978-1-85367-694-9 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Kurowski | first = Franz | title = The Brandenburger Commandos: Germany's Elite Warrior Spies in World War II | url = https://archive.org/details/brandenburgerger0000kuro | publisher = Stackpole Books | series = Stackpole Military History series | location = Mechanicsburg, PA | year = 2005 | isbn = 978-0-8117-3250-5 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Langer | first = Walter C. | authorlink = Walter Charles Langer | title = [[The Mind of Adolf Hitler|The Mind of Adolf Hitler: The Secret Wartime Report]] | year = 1972 | origyear = 1943 | publisher = Basic Books | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-465-04620-1 | ref = harv}} * {{cite book | last = Larson | first = Erik | title = In the Garden of Beasts: Love, Terror, and an American Family in Hitler's Berlin | url = https://archive.org/details/ingardenofbeasts0000lars_a2r9 | publisher = Random House/Crown Publishing Group | location = New York, NY | year = 2011 | isbn = 978-0-307-40884-6 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Lichtheim | first = George | author-link = George Lichtheim | title = Europe In The Twentieth Century | url = https://archive.org/details/europeintwentiet0000lich | location = London | publisher = Sphere Books | year = 1974 | isbn = 978-0-351-17192-5 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last1 = Linge | first1 = Heinz | authorlink1 = Heinz Linge | others = Intro. [[Roger Moorhouse]] | title = With Hitler to the End: The Memoirs of Adolf Hitler's Valet | url = https://archive.org/details/withhitlertoendm00ling | year = 2009 | origyear = 1980 | publisher = Skyhorse Publishing | location = New York | isbn = 978-1-60239-804-7 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Maiolo | first = Joseph | title = The Royal Navy and Nazi Germany 1933–39: Appeasement and the Origins of the Second World War | year = 1998 | publisher = Macmillan Press | location = London | isbn = 978-0-333-72007-3 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last1 = Manvell | first1 = Roger | author1-link = Roger Manvell | last2 = Fraenkel | first2 = Heinrich | author2-link = Heinrich Fraenkel | title = Heinrich Himmler: The Sinister Life of the Head of the SS and Gestapo | url = https://archive.org/details/heinrichhimmlers0000manv | year = 2007 | origyear = 1965 | publisher = Greenhill; Skyhorse | location = London; New York | isbn = 978-1-60239-178-9 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Maser | first = Werner | title = Hitler: Legend, Myth, Reality | url = https://archive.org/details/hitler0000mase | year = 1973 | publisher = Allen Lane | location = London | isbn = 978-0-7139-0473-4 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Marrus | first = Michael | authorlink = Michael Marrus | title = The Holocaust in History | url = https://archive.org/details/holocaustinhisto0000marr_d3f8 | location = Toronto | publisher = Key Porter | year = 2000 | isbn = 978-0-299-23404-1 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = McNab | first = Chris | title = The Third Reich | publisher = Amber Books Ltd | year = 2009 | isbn = 978-1-906626-51-8 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Megargee | first = Geoffrey P. | title = War of Annihilation: Combat and Genocide on the Eastern Front, 1941 | url = https://archive.org/details/warofannihilatio0000mega | location = Lanham, Md | publisher = Rowman & Littlefield | year = 2007 | isbn = 978-0-7425-4482-6 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Messerschmidt | first = Manfred | title = [[Germany and the Second World War]] | volume = 1 | chapter = Foreign Policy and Preparation for War | location = Oxford | publisher = Clarendon Press | year = 1990 | editor1-last = Deist | editor1-first = Wilhelm | isbn = 978-0-19-822866-0 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Mitcham | first = Samuel W. | title = Why Hitler?: The Genesis of the Nazi Reich | url = https://archive.org/details/whyhitlergenesis0000mitc | year = 1996 | publisher = Praeger | location = Westport, Conn | isbn = 978-0-275-95485-7 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Murray | first = Williamson | title = The Change in the European Balance of Power | url = https://archive.org/details/changeineuropean0000murr | location = Princeton | publisher = Princeton University Press | year = 1984 | isbn = 978-0-691-05413-1 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Naimark | first = Norman M. | year = 2002 | title = Fires of Hatred: Ethnic Cleansing in Twentieth-Century Europe | url = https://archive.org/details/firesofhatred00norm | publisher = Harvard University Press | isbn = 978-0-674-00994-3 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last1 = Niewyk | first1 = Donald L. | last2 = Nicosia | first2 = Francis R. | title = The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust | url = https://archive.org/details/columbiaguidetot00niew | year = 2000 | publisher = Columbia University Press | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-231-11200-0 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = O'Donnell | first = James P. | authorlink = James P. O'Donnell | title = [[The Bunker (book)|The Bunker]] | publisher = Da Capo Press | location = New York | year = 2001 | origyear = 1978 | isbn = 978-0-306-80958-3 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last1 = Overy | first1 = Richard | last2 = Wheatcroft | first2 = Andrew | author-link = Richard Overy | title = The Road To War | url = https://archive.org/details/roadtowar00over | location = London | publisher = Macmillan | year = 1989 | isbn = 978-0-14-028530-7 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Overy | first = Richard | editor1-last = Lukes | editor1-first = Igor | editor2-last = Goldstein | editor2-first = Erik | title = The Munich Crisis, 1938: Prelude to World War II | url = https://archive.org/details/munichcrisis193800igor | year = 1999 | publisher = Frank Cass | location = London; Portland, OR | chapter = Germany and the Munich Crisis: A Mutilated Victory? | oclc = 40862187 | ref = {{sfnRef|Overy, .27.27The Munich Crisis.27.27|1999|p=207}} }} * {{cite book | last = Overy | first = Richard | authorlink = Richard Overy | editor1-last = Martel | editor1-first = Gordon | title = The Origins of the Second World War Reconsidered | url = https://archive.org/details/originsofsecondw00gord_0 | year = 1999 | publisher = Routledge | location = London | chapter = Misjudging Hitler | pages = [https://archive.org/details/originsofsecondw00gord_0/page/94 93]–115 | isbn = 978-0-415-16324-8 | ref = {{sfnRef|Overy, .27.27Origins of WWII Reconsidered.27.27|1999}} }} * {{cite book | last = Overy | first = Richard | title = The Dictators: Hitler's Germany, Stalin's Russia | url = https://archive.org/details/dictators00rich | publisher = Penguin Books | year = 2005 | isbn = 978-0-393-02030-4 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Payne | first = Robert | authorlink = Pierre Stephen Robert Payne | title = The Life and Death of Adolf Hitler | publisher = Hippocrene Books | location = New York, New York | year = 1990 | origyear = 1973 | isbn = 978-0-88029-402-7 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Plating | first = John D. | title = The Hump: America's Strategy for Keeping China in World War II | year = 2011 | publisher = Texas A&M University Press | location = College Station | series = Williams-Ford Texas A&M University military history series, no. 134 | isbn = 978-1-60344-238-1 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Redlich | first = Fritz R. | title = Hitler: Diagnosis of a Destructive Prophet | year = 2000 | month = September | publisher = Oxford University Press | pages = | isbn = 978-0-19-513631-9 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Rees | first = Laurence | authorlink = Laurence Rees | title = [[The Nazis: A Warning from History]] | location = New York | publisher = New Press | year = 1997 | isbn = 978-0-563-38704-6 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Rißmann | first = Michael | title = Hitlers Gott. Vorsehungsglaube und Sendungsbewußtsein des deutschen Diktators | location = Zürich München | publisher = Pendo | year = 2001 | isbn = 978-3-85842-421-1 | language = German | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Roberts | first = G. | title = Stalin's Wars: From World War to Cold War, 1939–1953 | url = https://archive.org/details/stalinswarsfromw0000robe | location = New Haven | publisher = Yale University Press | year = 2006 | isbn = 0-300-11204-1 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Roberts | first = J. M. | author-link = John Roberts (historian) | title = A History of Europe | url = https://archive.org/details/historyofeurope0000robe | location = Oxford | publisher = Helicon | year = 1996 | isbn = 978-1-85986-178-3 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Roberts | first = Martin | title = The New Barbarism&nbsp;– A Portrait of Europe 1900–1973 | url = https://archive.org/details/portraitofeurope0000unse_o6l1 | year = 1975 | publisher = Oxford University Press | isbn = 978-0-19-913225-6 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Robertson | first = Esmonde M. | title = Hitler's Pre-War Policy and Military Plans: 1933–1939 | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlersprewarpol0000esmo | publisher = Longmans | location = London | year = 1963 | oclc = 300011871 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Robertson | first = E. M. | editor1-first = Koch | editor1-last = H.W | title = Aspects of the Third Reich | url = https://archive.org/details/aspectsofthirdre001933 | year = 1985 | publisher = Macmillan | location = London | chapter = Hitler Planning for War and the Response of the Great Powers | isbn = 978-0-312-05726-8 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Rosenbaum | first = Ron | authorlink = Ron Rosenbaum | title = [[Explaining Hitler: The Search for the Origins of His Evil]] | year = 1999 | publisher = Harper Perennial | isbn = 978-0-06-095339-3 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Rosmus | first = Anna Elisabeth | year = 2004 | title = Out of Passau: Leaving a City Hitler Called Home | url = https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781570035081 | publisher = University of South Carolina Press | location = Columbia, S.C | isbn = 978-1-57003-508-1 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Rothwell | first = Victor | title = The Origins of the Second World War | url = https://archive.org/details/originsofsecondw0000roth | year = 2001 | publisher = Manchester University Press | location = Manchester | isbn = 978-0-7190-5957-5 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Rummel | first = Rudolph | authorlink = Rudolph Rummel | title = Death by Government | url = https://archive.org/details/deathby_rum_1994_00_3431 | year = 1994 | publisher = Transaction | location = New Brunswick, NJ | isbn = 978-1-56000-145-4 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Ryschka | first = Birgit | title = Constructing and Deconstructing National Identity: Dramatic Discourse in Tom Murphy's the Patriot Game and Felix Mitterer's in Der Löwengrube | date = 29 September 2008 | publisher = Peter Lang | isbn = 978-3-631-58111-7 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Sereny | first = Gitta | authorlink = Gitta Sereny | origyear = 1995 | year = 1996 | title = Albert Speer: His Battle With Truth | url = https://archive.org/details/albertspeerhisba00sere | publisher = Vintage | location = New York; Toronto | isbn = 0-679-76812-2 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Shirer | first = William L. | authorlink = William L. 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K. | title = Hitler's Death: Russia's Last Great Secret from the Files of the KGB | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlersdeathruss0000vino | publisher = Chaucer Press | year = 2005 | isbn = 978-1-904449-13-3 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Weber | first = Thomas | title = Hitler's First War: Adolf Hitler, The Men of the List Regiment, and the First World War | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlersfirstwara0000webe | year = 2010 | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = Oxford; New York | isbn = 978-0-19-923320-5 | ref = harv }} * {{cite journal | last = Weinberg | first = Gerhard | title = Hitler's Private Testament of 2 May 1938 | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-modern-history_1955-12_27_4/page/415 | journal = The Journal of Modern History | date = December 1955 | volume = 27 | issue = 4 | pages = 415–419 | oclc = 482752575 | doi = 10.1086/237831 | ref = harv }} * {{cite journal | last = Weinberg | first = Gerhard | title = Hitler's Image of the United States | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_american-historical-review_1964-07_69_4/page/1006 | journal = The American Historical Review | date = December 1964 | volume = 69 | issue = 4 | pages = 1006–1021 | ref = harv | doi = 10.2307/1842933 }} * {{cite book | last = Weinberg | first = Gerhard | author-link = Gerhard Weinberg | title = The Foreign Policy of Hitler's Germany Diplomatic Revolution in Europe 1933–1936 | publisher = University of Chicago Press | location = Chicago, Illinois | year = 1970 | isbn = 978-0-226-88509-4 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Weinberg | first = Gerhard | title = The Foreign Policy of Hitler's Germany Starting World War II | url = https://archive.org/details/foreignpolicyofh0000wein | publisher = University of Chicago Press | year = 1980 | isbn = 978-0-226-88511-7 | location = Chicago, Illinois | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Weinberg | first = Gerhard | title = Germany, Hitler, and World War II: Essays in Modern German and World History | url = https://archive.org/details/germanyhitlerwor0000wein_b8f0 | year = 1995 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge | chapter = Hitler and England, 1933–1945: Pretense and Reality | isbn = 978-0-521-47407-8 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Welch | first = David | title = Hitler: Profile of a Dictator | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerprofileofd0000welc | year = 2001 | publisher = Routledge | isbn = 978-0-415-25075-7 | ref = harv }} * {{cite book | last = Wheeler-Bennett | first = John | authorlink = John Wheeler-Bennett | title = The Nemesis of Power | location = London | publisher = Macmillan | year = 1967 | isbn = 978-1-4039-1812-3 | ref = harv }} * {{cite journal | last = Wilt | first = Alan | authorlink = Alan F. 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Vol. 2, 1933–1990 | publisher = [[Oxford University Press]] | location = New York | year = 2007 | isbn = 978-0-19-926598-5 | ref = harv | others = Sager, Alexander (trans.) }} * {{cite book | last = Ziemke | first = Earl F. | title = Battle for Berlin: End of the Third Reich | series = Ballantine's Illustrated History of World War II | volume = Battle Book #6 | publisher = [[Ballantine Books]] | year = 1969<!--pre isbn--> | oclc = 23899 | ref = harv }} {{refend}} '''ອັງລີ''' {{refbegin|30em}} * {{cite web | last = Bazyler | first = Michael J. | title = Holocaust Denial Laws and Other Legislation Criminalizing Promotion of Nazism | date = 25 December 2006 | publisher = [[Yad Vashem]] | url = http://www1.yadvashem.org/yv/en/holocaust/insights/pdf/bazyler.pdf | format = PDF | accessdate = 7 January 2013 | ref = harv }} * {{cite news | title = Parkinson's part in Hitler's downfall | publisher = BBC News | date = 29 July 1999 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/406713.stm | accessdate =13 June 2011 | ref = {{sfnRef|BBC News, 1999}} }} * {{cite web | title = 1933&nbsp;– Day of Potsdam | publisher = City of Potsdam | url = http://www.potsdam.de/cms/beitrag/10000945/33981/ | accessdate = 13 June 2011 | ref = {{sfnRef|City of Potsdam}} | archive-date = 6 ມິຖຸນາ 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120606032402/http://www.potsdam.de/cms/beitrag/10000945/33981/ | url-status = dead }} * {{cite news | title = Documents: Bush's Grandfather Directed Bank Tied to Man Who Funded Hitler | date = 17 October 2003 | publisher = Fox News | url = http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,100474,00.html | accessdate =16 October 2011 | ref = {{sfnRef|Fox News, 2003}} }} * {{cite web | title = Hitler's Last Days | publisher = MI5 Security Service | work = mi5.gov.uk | url = https://www.mi5.gov.uk/home/mi5-history/world-war-ii/hitlers-last-days.html | accessdate =5 January 2012 | ref = {{sfnRef|MI5, .27.27Hitler's Last Days.27.27}} }} * {{cite news | last = Evans | first = Richard J. | title = How the First World War shaped Hitler | newspaper = [[The Globe and Mail]] | date = 22 June 2011 | publisher = Phillip Crawley | url = http://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/books-and-media/hitlers-first-war-by-thomas-weber/article4261721/ | accessdate =23 September 2012 | ref = harv }} * {{cite web | last = Frauenfeld | first = A. E | title = The Power of Speech | publisher = [[Calvin College]] | date = August 1937 | url = http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/machtrede.htm | accessdate = 19 October 2011 | ref = harv | archive-date = 6 ມິຖຸນາ 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140606094146/http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/machtrede.htm | url-status = dead }} * {{cite web | last = Glantz | first = David | authorlink = David Glantz | title = The Soviet‐German War 1941–45: Myths and Realities: A Survey Essay | publisher = Strom Thurmond Institute of Government and Public Affairs, [[Clemson University]] | format = PDF | location = Clemson, SC | date = 11 October 2001 | url = http://sti.clemson.edu/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_details&gid=189&Itemid=310 | accessdate = 12 December 2012 | ref = harv | archive-date = 18 ກຸມພາ 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150218155036/http://sti.clemson.edu/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_details&Itemid=310&gid=189 | url-status = dead }} * {{cite web | last = Goebbels | first = Joseph | title = The Führer as a Speaker | publisher = [[Calvin College]] | year = 1936 | url = http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/ahspeak.htm | accessdate = 19 October 2011 | ref = harv | archive-date = 4 ມິຖຸນາ 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140604083118/http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/ahspeak.htm | url-status = dead }} * {{cite news | last = Hinrichs | first = Per | publisher = Spiegel Online | title = Des Führers Pass: Hitlers Einbürgerung | trans_title = The Führer's Passport: Hitler's Naturalisation | date = 10 March 2007 | language = German | url = http://www.spiegel.de/panorama/zeitgeschichte/0,1518,470844,00.html | accessdate =16 October 2011 | ref = harv }} * {{cite web | last = Kotanko | first = Florian | title = House of Responsibility | publisher = | year = | month = | url = http://www.hrb.at/index.php?path=languages/english/body.php | accessdate = 8 January 2013 | ref = {{sfnRef|House of Responsibility}} | archive-date = 13 ພະຈິກ 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131113231404/http://www.hrb.at/index.php?path=languages/english/body.php | url-status = dead }} * {{cite web | title = Introduction to the Holocaust | publisher = [[United States Holocaust Memorial Museum]] | url = http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005143 | accessdate =17 October 2011 | ref = {{sfnRef|Holocaust Memorial Museum}} }} * {{cite web | title = Eingabe der Industriellen an Hindenburg vom November 1932 | trans_title = Letter of the industrialists to Hindenburg, November 1932 | publisher=Glasnost–Archiv | url=http://www.glasnost.de/hist/ns/eingabe.html | accessdate =16 October 2011 | ref = {{sfnRef|Letter to Hindenburg, 1932}} }} * {{cite journal | last = Longerich | first = Heinz Peter | authorlink = Peter Longerich | title = Hitler's Role in the Persecution of the Jews by the Nazi Regime | chapter = 15. Hitler and the Mass Shootings of Jews During the War Against Russia | publisher = Emory University | location = Atlanta | year = 2003 | url = http://www.hdot.org/en/trial/defense/pl1/15 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120722085727/http://www.hdot.org/en/trial/defense/pl1/15 | archivedate = 22 ກໍລະກົດ 2012 | accessdate = 31 July 2013 | ref = {{sfnRef|Longerich, Chapter 15|2003}} | url-status = dead }} * {{cite journal | last = Longerich | first = Heinz Peter | title = Hitler's Role in the Persecution of the Jews by the Nazi Regime | chapter = 17. Radicalisation of the Persecution of the Jews by Hitler at the Turn of the Year 1941–1942 | publisher = Emory University | location = Atlanta | year = 2003 | url = http://www.hdot.org/en/trial/defense/pl1/17 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090709111759/http://www.hdot.org/en/trial/defense/pl1/17 | archivedate = 9 ກໍລະກົດ 2009 | accessdate = 31 July 2013 | ref = {{sfnRef|Longerich, Chapter 17|2003}} | url-status = dead }} * {{cite web | last = McMillan | first = Dan | title = Review of Fritz, Stephen G., ''Ostkrieg: Hitler's War of Extermination in the East'' | publisher = H-Genocide, H-Net Reviews | year = 2012 | month = October | url = http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=35868 | accessdate = 16 October 2012 | ref = harv }} * {{cite journal | title = Der Hitler-Prozeß vor dem Volksgericht in München | trans_title = The Hitler Trial Before the People's Court in Munich | language = German | year = 1924 | ref = {{sfnRef|Munich Court, 1924}} | postscript = . }} * {{cite journal | author = Office of Strategic Services | title = The Nazi Master Plan: The Persecution of the Christian Churches | journal = Rutgers Journal of Law and Religion | year = 1945 | publisher = Cornell Law Library | location = Ithaca, NY | pages = 6–7 | oclc = 320083040 | url = http://org.law.rutgers.edu/publications/law-religion/nurinst1.shtml | ref = {{sfnRef|Office of Strategic Services, 1945}} | access-date = 2013-08-25 | archive-date = 2013-09-26 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130926204151/http://org.law.rutgers.edu/publications/law-religion/nurinst1.shtml | url-status = dead }} * {{cite web | url = http://www.ns-archiv.de/personen/hitler/oesterreich/staatsbuergerschaft.php | title = Hitler ersucht um Entlassung aus der österreichischen Staatsangehörigkeit | trans_title = Hitler's official application to end his Austrian citizenship | date = 7 April 1925 | publisher= NS-Archiv | language = German | accessdate=13 April 2012 | ref = {{sfnRef|NS-Archiv, 7 April 1925}} }} * {{cite web | last = Phayer | first = Michael | title = The Response of the Catholic Church to National Socialism | year = 2000 | work = The Churches and Nazi Persecution | publisher = Yad Vashem | format = PDF | url = http://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/education/courses/life_lessons/pdfs/lesson8_4.pdf | ref = harv | access-date = 2013-08-25 | archive-date = 2019-01-20 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190120033233/https://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/education/courses/life_lessons/pdfs/lesson8_4.pdf | url-status = dead }} * {{cite news | last = Sharkey | first = Joe | title = Word for Word/The Case Against the Nazis; How Hitler's Forces Planned To Destroy German Christianity | newspaper = The New York Times | date = 13 January 2002 | url = http://www.nytimes.com/2002/01/13/weekinreview/word-for-word-case-against-nazis-hitler-s-forces-planned-destroy-german.html?pagewanted=all | accessdate =7 June 2011 | ref = harv }} * {{cite news | title = Leni Riefenstahl | date=10 September 2003 | work = [[The Daily Telegraph]] | publisher = [[Telegraph Media Group|TMG]] | location = [[London]] | issn = 0307-1235 | oclc = 49632006 | url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1440991/Leni-Riefenstahl.html?pageNum=3 | accessdate = 10 May 2013 | ref = {{sfnRef|.27.27The Daily Telegraph.27.27, 2003}} }} * {{cite news | title = Man of the Year | work = Time Magazine | publisher = Time | date = 2 January 1939 | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,760539-1,00.html | accessdate = 22 May 2008 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080607103145/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,760539-1,00.html | archivedate = 7 ມິຖຸນາ 2008 | deadurl = no | ref = {{sfnRef|.27.27Time.27.27, January 1939}} | url-status = dead }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080607103145/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,760539-1,00.html |date=7 ມິຖຸນາ 2008 }} * {{cite news | title = Seven Years War? | work = Time Magazine | publisher = Time | date = 2 October 1939 | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,789000,00.html | accessdate = 30 August 2008 | ref = {{sfnRef|.27.27Time.27.27, October 1939}} | archive-date = 9 ມີນາ 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080309075838/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,789000,00.html | url-status = dead }} * {{cite news | title = Germany: Second Revolution? | date = 2 July 1934 | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,754321,00.html | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080417000456/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,754321-2,00.html | work = Time Magazine | publisher = Time | accessdate = 15 April 2013 | archivedate = 17 ເມສາ 2008 | ref = {{sfnRef|.27.27Time.27.27, 1934}} | url-status = dead }}{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080417000456/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,754321-2,00.html |date=17 ເມສາ 2008 }} * {{cite web | title = Poles: Victims of the Nazi Era: The Invasion and Occupation of Poland | work = ushmm.org | publisher = United States Holocaust Memorial Museum | url = http://www.ushmm.org/education/resource/poles/poles.php | accessdate=26 May 2013 | ref = {{sfnRef|US Holocaust Memorial Museum}} }} * {{cite web | last = Wilson | first = Bee | title = Mein Diat&nbsp;– Adolf Hitler's diet | publisher = [[Questia]] | work = New Statesman | location = UK | date = 9 October 1998 | accessdate =22 May 2008 | url = http://www.questia.com/library/1G1-21238666/mein-diat | ref = harv }} {{subscription required}} {{refend}} ==ອ່ານຕື່ມ== ==ແຫຼ່ງຂໍ້ມູນອື່ນ== * {{cite web|title=Adolf Hitler|url=http://vault.fbi.gov/adolf-hitler|work=The Vault|publisher=FBI Records}} * {{cite web|title=Hitler and his officers|url=http://www.ww2incolor.com/gallery/movies/hitler_color|work=World War II Movies in Color|publisher=WW2inColor|access-date=2013-08-25|archive-date=2005-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051126074323/http://www.ww2incolor.com/gallery/movies/hitler_color|url-status=dead}} {{lifetime|1889|1945|}} {{DEFAULTSORT:ອາໂດນ ຮິດແລ}} [[ໝວດ:ນາຊີ]] [[ໝວດ:ນາຍົກລັດຖະມົນຕີເຢຍລະມັນ]] [[ໝວດ:ຂ້າຕົວ]] [[ໝວດ:ຊາວໂອຕະລິດ]] al10en0ajo6z735g7q362aanxxqrdie 0 8335 130092 102666 2026-08-20T19:44:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13695 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 130092 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ວັນນະຍຸດ''' (ຄຳເຄົ້າ: ວັນຍຸຕຍ໌<ref>ສົມຈິຕ ພັນລັກ. (2012) ''ພາສາລາວລ້ານຊ້າງ ກ່ອນປີ ພ.ສ 2478; ຄ.ສ 1935 ສະບັບຄົ້ນຄວ້າ''. ສົມມະນາ ການພິມ ສປປ ລາວ.</ref>; {{lang-en|tone}}, {{lang-fr|ton}}) ໝາຍເຖິງ ລະດັບ[[ສຽງ]] ຫຼື ເຄື່ອງໝາຍແທນລະດັບສຽງ ເຊິ່ງກຳກັບ[[ພະຍາງ]]ຂອງ[[ຄຳ (ພາສາສາດ)|ຄຳ]]ໃນ[[ພາສາ]]. ສຽງວັນນະຍຸດນຶ່ງອາດມີລະດັບສຽງຕ່ຳ ສຽງສູງ ພຽງຢ່າງດຽວ ຫຼືແມ່ນການທອດສຽງຈາກລະດັບສຽງນຶ່ງ ໄປຍັງອີກລະດັບສຽງນຶ່ງ ກໍໄດ້. ພາສາໃນໂລກນີ້ມີທັງທີ່ໃຊ້ວັນນະຍຸດ ແລະບໍ່ໃຊ້ວັນນະຍຸດ. ສຽງວັນນະຍຸດນຶ່ງໆ ອາດປ່ຽນແປງໄດ້ເມື່ອມີການປະສົມຄຳຫຼືປ່ຽນຕຳແໜ່ງ[[ການເນ້ນສຽງ]]. == ລະບົບວັນນະຍຸດ == ໃນພາສາວັນນະຍຸດ ທຸກ[[ພະຍາງ]]ມີລະດັບສຽງກຳໜົດໄວ້ແລ້ວ ສະນັ້ນ ພະຍາງສອງພະຍາງສາມາດມີພະຍັດຊະນະ ເຊິ່ງຄືກັນໄດ້ ແລະ ສະຫຼະ ເຊິ່ງຄືກັນໄດ້ ແຕ່ສາມາດມີວັນນະຍຸດເຊິ່ງບໍ່ຄືກັນ. === ພາສາລາວວຽງຈັນ === [[ພາສາລາວ]]ຖິ່ນວຽງຈັນສ່ວນຫຼາຍມີວັນນະຍຸດ 6 ສຽງ ແມ່ນ # ກາ (/kàa/) # ຂາ (/kʰǎa/) # ຂ່າ/ຄ່າ (/kʰaa/) # ຂ້າ (/kʰȁa/) # ຄາ (/kʰáa/) # ຄ້າ (/kʰâa/) ທຸກຄຳທີ່ກ່າວຂ້າງເທິງ ຍົກເວ້ນ ກາ ລ້ວນແຕ່ປະກອບດ້ວຍສຽງພະຍັນຊະນະ (/kʰ/) ດຽວກັນ ແລະ ສະຫຼະ ̂(/aa/) ດຽວກັນ ແຕ່ມີສຽງວັນນະຍຸດເຊິ່ງແຕກຕ່າງກັນ ອັນປ່ຽນຄວາມໝາຍຂອງຄຳໄດ້. === ພາສາໄທມາຕະຖານ === [[ພາສາໄທ|ພາສາໄທມາຕະຖານ]]ມີວັນນະຍຸດ 5 ສຽງ ແມ່ນ # ຄາ (/kʰaa/) # ຂ່າ (/kʰàa/) # ຂ້າ/ຄ່າ (/kʰâa/) # ຄ້າ (/kʰáa/) # ຂາ (/kʰǎa/) ຄືກັນກັບພາສາລາວ ທຸກຄຳທີ່ກ່າວຂ້າງເທິງ ລ້ວນແຕ່ປະກອບດ້ວຍສຽງພະຍັນຊະນະ (/kʰ/) ດຽວກັນ ແລະ ສະຫຼະ ̂(/aa/) ດຽວກັນ ແຕ່ມີສຽງວັນນະຍຸດເຊິ່ງແຕກຕ່າງກັນ. === ພາສາຈີນກາງ === [[ພາສາຈີນກາງ]]ມີວັນນະຍຸດ 5 ສຽງ ແມ່ນ # mā(媽/妈) "ແມ່" # má(麻/麻) "ກັນຊາ" # mǎ(馬/马) "ມ້າ" # mà(罵/骂) "ເວົ້າໃຫ້" # ma(嗎/吗) (ຄຳລົງທ້າຍໃຊ້ຖາມຄຳຖາມ) ==ອ້າງອີງ== <references/> ;ບັນນານຸກົມ * Bao, Zhiming. (1999). ''The structure of tone''. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-511880-4. *Chen, Matthew Y. 2000. ''Tone Sandhi: patterns across Chinese dialects''. Cambridge, England: CUP ISBN 0-521-65272-3 *[[George N. Clements|Clements, George N.]]; [[John Goldsmith|Goldsmith, John]] (eds.) (1984) ''Autosegmental Studies in Bantu Tone''. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyer. * [[Victoria Fromkin|Fromkin, Victoria A.]] (ed.). (1978). ''Tone: A linguistic survey''. New York: Academic Press. * [[Halle, Morris]]; & [[Kenneth N. Stevens|Stevens, Kenneth]]. (1971). A note on laryngeal features. ''Quarterly progress report 101''. MIT. * [[André-Georges Haudricourt|Haudricourt, André-Georges]]. (1954). "De l'origine des tons en vietnamien". ''Journal Asiatique'', 242: 69–82. * [[André-Georges Haudricourt|Haudricourt, André-Georges]]. (1961). "Bipartition et tripartition des systèmes de tons dans quelques langues d'Extrême-Orient". ''Bulletin de la Société de Linguistique de Paris'', 56: 163–180. * {{Cite journal | doi = 10.2307/412518 | last1 = Hombert | first1 = Jean-Marie | authorlink2 = John Ohala | last2 = Ohala | first2 = John J. | last3 = Ewan | first3 = William G. | year = 1979 | title = Phonetic explanations for the development of tones| url = https://archive.org/details/sim_language_1979-03_55_1/page/37 | journal = Language | volume = 55 | issue = 1| pages = 37–58 | jstor = 412518 }} * [[Larry M. Hyman|Hyman, Larry]]. 2007. There is no pitch-accent prototype. Paper presented at the 2007 LSA Meeting. Anaheim, CA. * [[Larry M. Hyman|Hyman, Larry]]. 2007. How (not) to do phonological typology: the case of pitch-accent. Berkeley, UC Berkeley. UC Berkeley Phonology Lab Annual Report: 654–685. [http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/phonlab/annual_report/documents/2007/Hyman_Pitch-Accent.pdf Available online.] * Kingston, John. (2005). The phonetics of Athabaskan tonogenesis. In S. Hargus & K. Rice (Eds.), ''Athabaskan prosody'' (pp.&nbsp;137–184). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing. * [[Ian Maddieson|Maddieson, Ian]]. (1978). Universals of tone. In J. H. Greenberg (Ed.), ''Universals of human language: Phonology'' (Vol. 2). Stanford: Stanford University Press. * Michaud, Alexis. (2008). Tones and intonation: some current challenges. Proc. of 8th Int. Seminar on Speech Production (ISSP'08), Strasbourg, pp.&nbsp;13–18. (Keynote lecture.) [http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00325982/ Available online.] * [[Odden, David]]. (1995). Tone: African languages. In J. Goldsmith (Ed.), ''Handbook of phonological theory''. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. * [[Pike, Kenneth L.]] (1948). ''Tone languages: A technique for determining the number and type of pitch contrasts in a language, with studies in tonemic substitution and fusion''. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press. (Reprinted 1972, ISBN 0-472-08734-7). * {{Cite journal | doi = 10.1111/j.1467-971X.2008.00580.x | last1 = Wee | first1 = Lian-Hee | year = 2008 | title = Phonological Patterns in the Englishes of Singapore and Hong Kong | url = | journal = World Englishes | volume = 27 | issue = 3/4| pages = 480–501 }} * Yip, Moira. (2002). ''Tone''. Cambridge textbooks in linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-77314-8 (hbk), ISBN 0-521-77445-4 (pbk). == ແຫຼ່ງຂໍ້ມູນອື່ນ == * [http://wals.info/feature/13?tg_format=map ແຜນທີ່ໂລກສະແດງພາສາທີ່ມີວັນນະຍຸດ] ແຜນທີ່ໂລກສະແດງລະບົບພາສາທາງອອນໄລ [[ໝວດ:ວັນນະຍຸດ|*]] [[ໝວດ:ພາສາວັນນະຍຸດ]] h1gpvix92i08icl3wdcv6mn79xncvqi 0 8751 130106 126150 2026-08-20T20:07:46Z InternetArchiveBot 13695 Add 4 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 130106 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ຮູບ:7042 lores-Ebola-Zaire-CDC Photo.jpg|thumbnail|ພະຍາດໄວຣັດອີໂບລາ]] '''ພະຍາດໄວຣັດອີໂບລາ''' ({{lang-en|Ebola virus disease}}, {{lang-fr|maladie à virus Ebola}}) ຫຼື '''ໄຂ້ເລືອດອອກອີໂບລາ''' ເປັນພະຍາດຂອງມະນຸດທີ່ເກີດຈາກໄວຣັດອີໂບລາ ເຊິ່ງຈະເລີ່ມມີອາການສອງເຖິງສາມອາທິດຫຼັງຈາກສຳຜັດໄວຣັດ ໂດຍມີ[[ໄຂ້]], ເຈັບຄໍ, ປວດກ້າມເນື້ອ ແລະ [[ປວດຫົວ]]. ຈາກນັ້ນຈະມີອາການປຸ້ນທ້ອງ, ຮາກ ແລະ [[ຖອກທ້ອງ]] ຮ່ວມກັບການເຮັດວຽກຂອງ[[ຕັບ]] ແລະ [[ໄຕ]] ຫຼຸດລົງຕາມມາ. ເມື່ອຮອດຈຸດນີ້ ບາງຄົນເລີ່ມມີປັນຫາເລືອດອອກ<ref name=WHO2014>{{cite web|title=Ebola virus disease Fact sheet N°103|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs103/en/|work=World Health Organization|accessdate=12 April 2014|date=March 2014}}</ref> ບຸກຄົນຈະໄດ້ຮັບພະຍາດນີ້ທຳອິດ ເມື່ອສຳຜັດກັບເລືອດ ຫຼື ທາດນ້ຳໃນຮ່າງກາຍຈາກສັດທີ່ຕິດເຊື້ອເຊັ່ນ: ລີງ ຫຼື [[ເຈຍ]] ເຊື່ອວ່າເຈຍເປັນຕົວນຳພາ ແລະ ແຜ່ພະຍາດ ໂດຍບໍ່ໄດ້ຮັບຜົນກະທົບຈາກໄວຣັດ. ເມື່ອຕິດເຊື້ອແລ້ວ, ພະຍາດອາດຈະແຜ່ຈາກຄົນສູ່ຄົນໄດ້. ຜູ້ທີ່ລອດຊີວິດ ອາດສາມາດສົ່ງຜ່ານພະຍາດທາງນ້ຳອະສຸຈິໄດ້ເປັນເວລາເກືອບສອງເດືອນ. ໃນການວິນິດໄສ, ຕ້ອງແຍກພະຍາດອື່ນທີ່ມີອາການຄ້າຍຄືກັນອອກກ່ອນເຊັ່ນ: [[ມາລາເຣຍ]], [[ອະຫິວາ]] ແລະ [[ໄຂ້ເລືອດອອກຈາກໄວຣັດ]]ອື່ນໆ. ອາດທົດສອບເລືອດຫາ[[ອັງຕີບໍດີ]]ຕໍ່ໄວຣັດ, [[ເດແອັນອາ]]ຂອງໄວຣັດ ຫຼື ຕົວໄວຣັດເອງເພື່ອຢືນຢັນການວິນິດໄສ. ການປ້ອງກັນຮວມເຖິງການຫຼຸດຜ່ອນການລະບາດຂອງພະຍາດຈາກລີງ ແລະ ໝູທີ່ຕິດເຊື້ອສູ່ຄົນ ອາດເຮັດໄດ້ໂດຍການກວດສອບຫາການຕິດເຊື້ອໃນສັດເຫຼົ່ານີ້ ແລະ ຂ້າ ແລະ ຈັດການກັບຊາກສົບຢ່າງເໝາະສົມຫາກພົບພະຍາດ. ການປຸງຊີ້ນສັດ ແລະ ໃສ່ເສື້ອຜ້າປ້ອງກັນຢ່າງເໝາະສົມເມື່ອຈັດການກັບຊີ້ນສັດອາດຊ່ວຍໄດ້, ເຊັ່ນດຽວກັບການໃສ່ເສື້ອຜ້າປ້ອງກັນ ແລະ [[ການລ້າງມື|ລ້າງມື]]ເມື່ອຢູ່ໃກ້ຜູ້ປ່ວຍເປັນພະຍາດດັ່ງກ່າວ. ຕົວຢ່າງທາດແຫຼວຈາກຮ່າງກາຍຜູ້ປ່ວຍຄວນຈັດການດ້ວຍຄວາມລະມັດລະວັງເປັນພິດເສດ.<ref name=WHO2014/> ບໍ່ມີການຮັກສາໄວຣັດຢ່າງເຈາະຈົງ. ການຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອຜູ້ປ່ວຍມີຄື: ການບຳບັດຄືນນ້ຳ (rehydration therapy) ທາງປາກ ຫຼື [[ການສິດເຂົ້າເສັ້ນເລືອດດຳ|ເສັ້ນເລືອດດຳ]]. ພະຍາດນີ້ມີ[[ອັດຕາເສຍຊີວິດ]]ສູງ ລະຫວ່າງ 50% ເຖິງ 90% ຂອງຜູ້ຕິດເຊື້ອໄວຣັດ.<ref name=WHO2014/><ref name="Elsevier/Academic Press">{{cite book|author1=C.M. Fauquet|title=Virus taxonomy classification and nomenclature of viruses; 8th report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses|date=2005|publisher=Elsevier/Academic Press|location=Oxford|isbn=9780080575483|page=648|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=9Wy7Jgy5RWYC&pg=PA648}}</ref> ມີການບັນທຶກວ່າພົບພະຍາດນີ້ທຳອິດຢູ່[[ປະເທດຊູດັງ]] ແລະ [[ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ກົງໂກ]] ໂດຍເກີດການລະບາດໃນເຂດຮ້ອນ[[ອາຟຣິກາໃຕ້ຊາຮາຣາ]] ລະຫວ່າງປີ 1976 ຫາປິ 2012 ເຊິ່ງມີຜູ່ຕິດເໍຊື້ອບໍ່ຕ່ຳກວ່າ 1,000 ຄົນຕໍ່ປີ<ref name=WHO2014/><ref name=MMWRJune2014>{{cite web|title=Ebola Viral Disease Outbreak — West Africa, 2014|url=http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6325a4.htm?s_cid=mm6325a4_w|website=CDC|accessdate=26 June 2014|date=June 27, 2014}}</ref>. ການລະບາດຄັ້ງໃຫຍ່ທີ່ສຸດນັບແຕ່ອະດີດຈົນຮອດປັດຈຸບັນແມ່ນ [[ການລະບາດຂອງອີໂບລາໃນອາຟຣິກາຕາເວັນຕົກ ຄ.ສ. 2014]] ເຊິ່ງກຳລັງດຳເນີນຢູ່ ໂດຍລະບາດໃນ[[ປະເທດກິເນ]], [[ເຊຍຣາເລອອນ]] ແລະ [[ລີເບເຣຍ]].<ref name=CDC2014/> ຈົນຮອດເດືອນກໍລະກົດ 2014, ມີຜູ່ປ່ວຍຢືນຢັນແລ້ວກວ່າ 1,320 ຄົນ.<ref name=CDC2014>{{cite web|title=CDC urges all US residents to avoid nonessential travel to Liberia, Guinea, and Sierra Leone because of an unprecedented outbreak of Ebola.|url=http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices/warning/ebola-liberia|website=CDC|accessdate=2 August 2014|date=July 31, 2014}}</ref> ເຖິງວ່າຈະມີຄວາມພະຍາຍາມໃນການພັດທະນາ[[ວັກແຊງ]]ຢູ່, ແຕ່ຈົນເຖິງຕອນນີ້ກໍຍັງບໍ່ທັນມີວັກແຊງເທື່ອ.<ref name=WHO2014/> == ອາການ ແລະ ອາການສະແດງ == [[file:Symptoms of ebola.png|thumb|ອາການຂອງອີໂບລາ<ref>[http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/symptoms/ Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever] from [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention].P age last updated: January 28, 2014.</ref>]] ອາການ ແລະ ອາການສະແດງຂອງອີໂບລາປົກກະຕິຈະເລີ່ມຂຶ້ນກະທັນຫັນຄ້າຍຄື[[ໄຂ້ຫວັດໃຫຍ່]] ໂດຍມີຄວາມຮູ້ສຶກເມື່ອຍ, ໄຂ້, ປວດຫົວ ແລະ ປວດຂໍ້, ກ້າມເນື້ອ ແລະ ທ້ອງ<ref name="Gatherer 2014">{{cite journal | author = Gatherer D | title = The 2014 Ebola virus disease outbreak in West Africa | journal = J. Gen. Virol. | volume = 95 | issue = Pt 8 | pages = 1619–1624 | year = 2014 | pmid = 24795448 | doi = 10.1099/vir.0.067199-0 }}</ref><ref name=CDC2014S/>. ນອກຈາກນີ້, ອາການຮາກ, ຖອກທ້ອງ ແລະ ບໍ່ຢາກອາຫານຍັງພົບໄດ້ທົ່ວໄປ<ref name=CDC2014S/>. ອາການທີ່ພົບໜ້ອຍກວ່າມີ: ອາການເຈັບຄໍ, ເຈັບໜ້າເອິກ, ສະເອິະ, [[ອາການຫາຍໃຈລຳບາກ|ຫາຍໃຈລຳບາກ]] ແລະ ກືນລຳບາກ.<ref name=CDC2014S/> ເວລາສະເລ່ຍລະຫວ່າງໄດ້ຮັບເຊື້ອຈົນມີອາການແມ່ນ 8 ເຖິງ 10 ວັນ, ແຕ່ເກີດໄດ້ລະຫວ່າງ 2 ເຖິງ 21 ວັນ.<ref name=CDC2014S>{{cite web|title=Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever Signs and Symptoms|url=http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/symptoms/index.html|website=CDC|accessdate=2 August 2014|date=January 28, 2014}}</ref> ທີ່ຜິວໜັງອາດມີຕຸ່ມຈຸດພຽງ ແລະ ຕຸ່ມນູນ [maculopapular rash] (ໃນປະມານ 50% ຂອງຜູ້ປ່ວຍ).<ref name=Hoenen2006 /> ອາການເລີ່ມຕົ້ນຂອງພະຍາດໄວຣັດອີໂບລາອາດຄ້າຍຄືກັບອາການເລີ່ມຕົ້ນຂອງ[[ມາລາເຣຍ]], [[ໄຂ້ຍຸງ]] ຫຼື ໄຂ້ເຂດຮ້ອນອື່ນ ກ່ອນທີ່ພະຍາດຈະດຳເນີນເຂົ້າສູ່ໄລຍະເລືອດອອກ.<ref name="Gatherer 2014"/> ໃນໄລຍະເລືອດອອກ, ອາດຈະມີເລືອດອອກພາຍໃນ ແລະ ໃຕ້ຜິວໜັງ, ມ່ານຕາແດງ ແລະ [[ຮາກເປັນເລືອດ]],<ref name="Gatherer 2014"/> ເລືອດອອກທາງຜິວໜັງອາດພາໃຫ້ເກີດ[[ຈຸດເລືອດອອກ]], [[ເພີພິວຣາ]], [[ເລືອດອອກໃຕ້ຜິວໜັງ]] ແລະ [[hematoma|ເລືອດຈັບໂຕເປັນກ້ອນ]] [hematoma] (ໂດຍສະເພາະຢ່າງຍິ່ງບໍລິເວນທີ່ສັກຢາ). ຜູ້ປ່ວຍທຸກລາຍມີອາການບາງຢ່າງຂອງ[[ລະົບບໝູນວຽນ]] ຮວມທັງ[[Coagulopathy|ເລືອດແຂງຕົວບົກພ່ອງ]].<ref name=Hoenen2006 /> ມີລາຍງານເລືອດອອກຈາກບ່ອນທີ່ເຈາະ ແລະ ເນື້ອເຍື່ອເມືອກ (ເຊັ່ນ: [[ທາງເດີນອາຫານ]], [[ດັງ]], [[ຊ່ອງຄອດ]] ແລະ [[ເຫງືອກ]]) ໃນຈຳນວນ 40–50% ຂອງຜູ້ປ່ວຍ.<ref>{{cite web | title = Ebola Virus, Clinical Presentation | publisher = Medscape | url = http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/216288-clinical#a0217|accessdate=2012-07-30 }}</ref> ຊະນິດຂອງເລືອດອອກທີ່ຮູ້ວ່າເກີດກັບພະຍາດໄວຣັດອີໂບລາ ຮວມທັງຮາກເປັນເລືອດ, [[ໄອເປັນເລືອດ]] ຫຼື [[ອາຈົມເປັນເລືອດ]], ເລືອດອອກໜັກພົບໜ້ອຍ ແລະ ປົກກະຕິ ຈຳກັດຢູ່ສະເພາະທາງເດີນອາຫານ.<ref name=Hoenen2006>{{cite journal | author = Hoenen T, Groseth A, Falzarano D, Feldmann H | title = Ebola virus: unravelling pathogenesis to combat a deadly disease | journal = Trends in Molecular Medicine | volume = 12 | issue = 5 | pages = 206–215 | date = May 2006 | pmid = 16616875 | doi = 10.1016/j.molmed.2006.03.006 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author = Fisher-Hoch SP, Platt GS, Neild GH, Southee T, Baskerville A, Raymond RT, Lloyd G, Simpson DI | title = Pathophysiology of shock and hemorrhage in a fulminating viral infection (Ebola) | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-infectious-diseases_1985-11_152_5/page/887 | journal = J. Infect. Dis. | volume = 152 | issue = 5 | pages = 887–894 | year = 1985 | pmid = 4045253 | doi = 10.1093/infdis/152.5.887 }}</ref> ໂດຍທົ່ວໄປແລ້ວ ການພັດທະນາຂອງອາການເລືອດອອກ ມັກຈະບົ່ງບອກເຖິງພະຍາດທີ່ຮຸນແຮງ, ແຕ່ວ່າອາການເລືອດອອກບໍ່ໄດ້ນຳໄປສູ່ [[ບໍລິມາດເລືອດໜ້ອຍ]] ແລະ ບໍ່ແມ່ນສາເຫດການຕາຍ (ການເສຍເລືອດທັງໝົດຕ່ຳ ຍົກເວັ້ນລະຫວ່າງ[[ການເກີດລູກ]]) ເຊິ່ງຂັດຕໍ່ຄວາມເຊື່ອສ່ວນໃຫຍ່. ການເສຍຊີວິດນັ້ນເກີດຈາກ[[ກຸ່ມອາການເຮັດໜ້າທີ່ຜິດປົກກະຕິຂອງຫຼາຍອະໄວຍະວະ]] ເນື່ອງຈາກທາດແຫຼວກະຈາຍໃໝ່ (fluid redistribution), ຄວາມດັນໂລຫິດຕ່ຳ [[disseminated intravascular coagulation|ເລືອດຈັບກ້ອນໃນຫຼອດເລືອດແຜ່ກະຈາຍ]] ແລະ ການຕາຍສະເພາະສ່ວນຂອງເນື້ອເຍື່ອສະເພາະຈຸດ. == ສາເຫດ == [[file:EbolaCycle.png|thumb|ວົງຈອນຊີວິດຂອງ Ebolavirus]] ພະຍາດໄວຣັດອີໂບລາເກີດຈາກໄວຣັດສີ່ໃນຫ້າຊະນິດທີ່ຈັດຢູ່ໃນສະກຸນ ''[[Ebolavirus]]'' ວົງ Filoviridae ອັນດັບ Mononegavirales ໄວຣັດທັງສີ່ຊະນິດນັ້ນໄດ້ແກ່: ໄວຣັດບັນດີບູກຽວ (Bundibugyo virus, BDBV), ໄວຣັດອີໂບລາ (Ebola virus, EBOV), ໄວຣັດຊູດັງ (Sudan virus, SUDV) ແລະ ໄວຣັດປ່າຕາອີ (Taï Forest virus, TAFV). ສຳລັບໄວຣັດຊະນິດທີຫ້າ, ໄວຣັດເຣດສະຕັນ (Reston virus, RESTV) ຄາດກັນວ່າບໍ່ໄດ້ກໍ່ພະຍາດໃນມະນຸດ. ລະຫວ່າງການລະບາດ ຜູ້ທີ່ມີຄວາມສ່ຽງສູງສຸດແມ່ນ ເຈົ້າໜ້າທີ່ສາທາລະນະສຸກ ແລະ ຜູ້ໃກ້ຊິດກັບຜູ້ປ່ວຍ.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever Risk of Exposure|url=http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/exposure/index.html|website=CDC|accessdate=2 August 2014|date=August 1, 2014}}</ref> === ການແຜ່ເຊື້ອ === ບໍ່ສາມາດຮູ້ໄດ້ທັງໝົດວ່າອີໂບລາແຜ່ເຊື້ອແນວໃດ<ref name=CDC2014P>{{cite web|title=Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever Prevention|url=http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/prevention/index.html|website=CDC|accessdate=2 August 2014|date=July 31, 2014}}</ref>. ເຊື່ອວ່າພະຍາດໄວຣັດອີໂບລາ ເກີດຫຼັງໄວຣັດອີໂບລາແຜ່ສູ່ມະນຸດທຳອິດໂດຍການສຳຜັດກັບທາດແຫຼວຈາກຮ່າງກາຍຂອງສັດທີ່ຕິດເຊື້ອ. ການແຜ່ເຊື້ອຈາກຄົນສູ່ຄົນເກີດໄດ້ຜ່ານການສຳຜັດກັບເລືອດ ຫຼື ທາດແຫຼວຈາກຮ່າງກາຍຜູ້ຕິດເຊື້ອໂດຍກົງ (ຮວມທັງການສີດຢາດອງສົບຜູ້ຕາຍທີ່ຕິດເຊື້ອ) ຫຼື ການສຳຜົດກັບອຸປະກອນທາງການແພດທີ່ປົນເປື້ອນ ຫຼື ໂດຍສະເພາະຢ່າງຍິ່ງ ເຂັມ ແລະ ກະບອກສີດຢາ.<ref name=CDCPress2014/> ການແຜ່ເຊື້ອຜ່ານການສຳຜັດທາງປາກ ແລະ ການສຳຜັດທາງ[[ເຍື່ອບຸຕາ]] ໜ້າຈະເປັນໄປໄດ້<ref>{{cite journal | author = Jaax N, Jahrling P, Geisbert T, Geisbert J, Steele K, McKee K, Nagley D, Johnson E, Jaax G, Peters C | title = Transmission of Ebola virus (Zaire strain) to uninfected control monkeys in a biocontainment laboratory | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_december-23-30-1995_346_8991-8992/page/1669 | journal = Lancet | volume = 346 | issue = 8991–8992 | pages = 1669–1671 | date = Dec 1995 | pmid = 8551825 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(95)92841-3 | issn = 0140-6736 }}</ref> ແລະ ຢືນຢັນແລ້ວໃນ[[ໄປຣເມດ]]ທີ່ບໍ່ແມ່ນມະນຸດ.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Jaax NK, Davis KJ, Geisbert TJ, Vogel P, Jaax GP, Topper M, Jahrling PB | title = Timed appearance of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus after gastric inoculation of mice | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_archives-of-pathology-laboratory-medicine_1996-02_120_2/page/140 | journal = Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine | volume = 120 | issue = 2 | pages = 140–155 | date = Feb 1996 | pmid = 8712894 | first4 = P. | issn = 0003-9985 | first2 = K. J. | first5 = G. P. | first3 = T. J. | first6 = M. | first7 = P. B. }}</ref> ແນວໂນ້ມການຕິດເຊື້ອພະຍາດໄວຣັດອີໂບລາເປັນວົງກວ້າງນັ້ນຖືວ່າຕ່ຳ ເພາະພະຍາດນີ້ຕິດໄດ້ສະເພາະຈາກການສຳຜັດໂດຍກົງກັບສານຄັດຫຼັ່ງຈາກຜູ້ປ່ວຍທີ່ມີອາການເທົ່ານັ້ນ.<ref name=CDCPress2014>{{cite web|title=CDC Telebriefing on Ebola outbreak in West Africa|url=http://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2014/t0728-ebola.html|website=CDC|accessdate=3 August 2014|date=July 28, 2014}}</ref> ການເລີ່ມຕົ້ນອາການທີ່ໄວວາເຮັດໃຫ້ການລະບຸຜູ້ປ່ວຍ ແລະ ຈຳກັດຄວາມສາມາດຂອງບຸກຄົນໃນການແຜ່ເຊື້ອໂດຍການເດີນທາງງ່າຍຂຶ້ນ, ເນື່ອງຈາກສົບຂອງຜູ້ເສຍຊີວິດຍັງສາມາດຕິດເຊື້ອໄດ້. ແພດບາງຄົນຈຶ່ງຕ້ອງໃຊ້ມາດຕະການເພື່ອກຳຈັດສົບໃນທາງທີ່ປອດໄພ ເຖິງແມ່ນວ່າຈະຂັດຕໍ່ພິທີກຳຝັງສົບຂອງທ້ອງຖິ່ນກໍຕາມ.<ref name="nyt">{{Cite news|first=Blaine|last=Harden|title=Dr. Matthew's Passion|url=http://www.nytimes.com/library/magazine/home/20010218mag%2debola.html|work=[[New York Times]] Magazine|date=2001-02-18|accessdate=2008-02-25}}</ref> ເຈົ້າໜ້າທີ່ການແພດທີ່ບໍ່ສວມໃສ່ເສື້ອຜ້າປ້ອງກັນທີ່ເໝາະສົມອາດສຳຜັດເຊື້ອໄດ້.<ref>{{Citation | title = Ebola virus and Marburg virus: Causes | publisher = Mayo Clinic | url = http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ebola-virus/basics/causes/con-20031241 | author = Mayo Clinic Staff }}</ref> ໃນອະດີດ ການແຜ່ເຊື້ອທີ່ໄດ້ມາຈາກໂຮງພະຍາບານເກີດໃນໂຮງພະຍາບານໃນທະວີບອາຟຣິກາ ເນື່ອງຈາກການໃຊ້ເຂັມສັກຢາຊ້ຳ ແລະ ຂາດການປ້ອງກັນສາກົນ.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lashley|first1=edited by Felissa R.|last2=Durham|first2=Jerry D.|title=Emerging infectious diseases trends and issues|date=2007|publisher=Springer Pub. Co.|location=New York|isbn=9780826103505|page=141|edition=2nd ed.|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=fsaWlKQ4OjcC&pg=PA141}}</ref> ໂດຍທົ່ວໄປແລ້ວ ພະຍາດໄວຣັດອີໂບລາບໍ່ແຜ່ເຊື້ອຜ່ານອາກາດ,<ref name=WHOAir2014>{{cite web | title = 2014 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa | url = http://www.who.int/ith/updates/20140421/en/ | publisher = WHO | accessdate = 3 August 2014 | date = 21 April 2014 | deadurl = no | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140729034008/http://www.who.int/ith/updates/20140421/en/ | archivedate = 29 July 2014 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> ແຕ່ວ່າໄວຣັດສາມາດແຜ່ເຊື້ອໄດ້ເພາະລະອອງທີ່ເກີດຈາກຫ້ອງປະຕິບັດການ ທີ່ມີຂະໜາດ 0.8–1.2 ມີໂກຣແມັດທີ່ສາມາດຫາຍໃຈເຂົ້າໄປໄດ້.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Johnson E, Jaax N, White J, Jahrling P | title = Lethal experimental infections of rhesus monkeys by aerosolized Ebola virus | journal = International journal of experimental pathology | volume = 76 | issue = 4 | pages = 227–236 | date = Aug 1995 | pmid = 7547435 | pmc = 1997182 | first4 = P. | issn = 0959-9673 | first2 = N. | first3 = J. }}</ref> ເນື່ອງຈາກຊ່ອງທາງການຕິດເຊື້ອທີ່ເປັນໄປໄດ້ນີ້, ໄວຣັດເຫຼົ່ານີ້ຈຶ່ງຖືກຈັດເປັນ[[ອາວຸດຊີວະພາບ]]ໝວດອາ.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Leffel EK, Reed DS | title = Marburg and Ebola viruses as aerosol threats | journal = Biosecurity and bioterrorism : biodefense strategy, practice, and science | volume = 2 | issue = 3 | pages = 186–191 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15588056 | doi = 10.1089/bsp.2004.2.186 | issn = 1538-7135 | month = }}</ref> ຫຼ້າສຸດ, ໄວຣັດໄດ້ສະແດງວ່າສາມາດແຜ່ຈາກໝູໄປຍັງໄປຣເມດທີ່ບໍ່ແມ່ນມະນຸດໄດ້ໂດຍບໍ່ຕ້ອງສຳຜັດ.<ref name="pmid23155478">{{cite journal | author = Weingartl HM, Embury-Hyatt C, Nfon C, Leung A, Smith G, Kobinger G | title = Transmission of Ebola virus from pigs to non-human primates | journal = Sci Rep | volume = 2 | issue = | pages = 811 | year = 2012 | pmid = 23155478 | pmc = 3498927 | doi = 10.1038/srep00811 }}</ref> ເຈຍຖ່າຍເອົາໝາກໄມ້ ແລະ ຊີ້ນທີ່ກິນແລ້ວບາງສ່ວນອອກມາ แล้วสัตว์บกเลี้ยงลูกด้วยนมอย่างແລ້ວສັດບົກລ້ຽງລູກດ້ວຍນ້ຳນົມຢ່າງ[[ກໍຣີລາ]] ແລະ ໄດເກີ (duiker) ກິນໝາກໄມ້ທີ່ຕົກລົງມາເຫຼົ່ານັ້ນ, ຕ່ອງໂສ້ເຫດການນີ້ເຮັດໃຫ້ເກດີວິທີການແຜ່ເຊື້ອທາງອ້ອມທີ່ເປັນໄປໄດ້ຜ່ານຕົວຖືກບຽດບຽນທຳມະຊາດໄປຍັງປະສາກອນສັດ ເຊິ່ງນຳໄປສູ່ການວິໄຈການກຳຈັດໄວຣັດໃນນ້ຳລາຍຂອງເຈຍ. ການຜະລິດໝາກໄມ້, ພິດຕິກຳຂອງສັດ ແລະ ປັດໃຈອື່ນທີ່ຕ່າງກັນໄປໃນແຕ່ລະເວລາ ແລະ ສະຖານທີ່ ອາດຈະກະຕຸ້ນໃຫ້ເກີດການລະບາດໃນໝູ່ປະຊາກອນສັດ.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Gonzalez JP, Pourrut X, Leroy E | title = Ebolavirus and other filoviruses | journal = Current topics in microbiology and immunology | volume = 315 | pages = 363–387 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17848072 | doi = 10.1007/978-3-540-70962-6_15 | isbn = 978-3-540-70961-9 | series = Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology }}</ref> === ຕົວເກັບເຊື້ອ === ເຈຍຖືວ່າເປັນຕົວເກັບເຊືອຕາມທຳມະຊາດ(natural reservoir) ທີ່ໜ້າຈະເປັນໄປໄດ້ຫຼາຍທີ່ສຸດ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Fruit bats may carry Ebola virus |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/4484494.stm|work=BBC News|date=2005-12-11|accessdate=2008-02-25}}</ref> ນອກຈາກນີ້, ພືດ, [[ສັດຂາປ້ອງ]] ແລະ ນົກກໍຖືກພິຈາລະນາດ້ວຍ. ຮູ້ກັນວ່າ ເຈຍໄດ້ອາໄສຢູ່ນອກໂຮງງາານເຊິ່ງຜູ້ປ່ວຍລາຍທຳອິດເຮັດວຽກຢູ່ ຂອງການລະບາດໃນປີ 1976 ແລະ ຍັງອາດກ່ຽວຂ້ອງກັບການຕິດເຊື້ອ[[ໄວຣັດມາກເບີກ]]ໃນປີ 1975 ແລະ 1980.<ref name="Pourrut2005" /> ຈາກພືດ 24 ຂະນິດ ແລະ ສັດມີກະດູກສັນຫຼັງ 19 ຊະນິດທີ່ຖືກປູກເຊື້ອດ້ວຍໄວຣັດອີໂບລາ ມີພຽງແຕ່[[ເຈຍ]]ເທົ່ານັ້ນທີ່ຕິດເຊື້ອ<ref>{{cite journal | author = Swanepoel R, Leman PA, Burt FJ, Zachariades NA, Braack LE, Ksiazek TG, Rollin PE, Zaki SR, Peters CJ | title = Experimental inoculation of plants and animals with Ebola virus | journal = Emerging Infectious Diseases | volume = 2 | issue = 4 | pages = 321–325 | date = Oct 1996 | pmid = 8969248 | pmc = 2639914 | doi = 10.3201/eid0204.960407 | issn = 1080-6040 }}</ref>. ການຂາດອາການສະແດງທາງຄຼີນິກໃນເຈຍເຫຼົ່ານັ້ນ ເປັນຄຸນສົມບັດຂອງສາຍພັນເກັບເຊື້ອ. ການສຳຫຼວດສັດ 1,030 ຊະນິດ ເຊິ່ງໃນນັ້ນລວມມີເຈຍ 679 ຊະນິດຈາກ[[ປະເທດກາບົງ]] ແລະ [[ສາທາລະນະລັດກົງໂກ]] ໃນປີ 2002 ຫາ 2003 ພົບວ່າ [[ເຈຍໝາກໄມ້]] 13 ຊະນິດມີຊິ້ນສ່ວນແອຣ໌ແອັນອາຂອງໄວຣັດອີໂບລາ.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Leroy EM, Kumulungui B, Pourrut X, Rouquet P, Hassanin A, Yaba P, Délicat A, Paweska JT, Gonzalez JP, Swanepoel R | title = Fruit bats as reservoirs of Ebola virus | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2005-12-01_438_7068/page/575 | journal = Nature | volume = 438 | issue = 7068 | pages = 575–576 | year = 2005 | pmid = 16319873 | doi = 10.1038/438575a | bibcode = 2005Natur.438..575L }}</ref> ຈົນຮອດປີ 2005, ມີການລະບຸວ່າ ເຈຍໝາກໄມ້ສາມຊະນິດ (''Hypsignathus monstrosus'', ''Epomops franqueti'', ແລະ ''Myonycteris torquata'') ຕິດໄວຣັດອີໂບລາ. ປັດຈຸບັນ, ສົງໄສວ່າເຈຍເຫຼົ່ານັ້ນເປັນຕົວແທນຂອງຕົວຖືກບຽດບຽນທີ່ເກັບເຊືອໄວຣັດອີໂບລາ.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Pourrut X, Délicat A, Rollin PE, Ksiazek TG, Gonzalez JP, Leroy EM | title = Spatial and temporal patterns of Zaire ebolavirus antibody prevalence in the possible reservoir bat species | journal = The Journal of infectious diseases | volume = Suppl 2 | issue = s2 | pages = S176–S183 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17940947 | doi = 10.1086/520541 }}</ref><ref name = Times>Starkey, Jerome (5 April 2014) [http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/africa/article4054794.ece 90 killed as fruit bats spread Ebola virus across West Africa] The Times (subscription may be needed), Retrieved 5 April 2014</ref> ລະຫວ່າງປີ 1976 ຫາ 1999, ໃນບັນດາສັດລ້ຽງລູກດ້ວຍນ້ຳນົມ, ສັດປີກ, ສັດເລືອຄານ, ສັດເຄິ່ງບົກເຄິ່ງນ້ຳ ແລະ ສັດຂາປ້ອງ 30,000 ຊະນິດທີ່ໄດ້ສຸ່ມຕົວຢ່າງຈາກພື້ນທີ່ລະບາດ, ບໍ່ພົບໄວຣັດອີໂບລາ ນອກຈາກຮ່ອງຮອຍທາງພັນທຸກຳທີ່ພົບໃນ[[ສັດແຂ້ວແຫ້ນ]] ຫົກຊະນິດ (''Mus setulosus'' ແລະ ''Praomys'') ແລະ [[ໜູຜີ]]ໜຶ່ງຊະນິດ (''Sylvisorex ollula'') ที่เก็บจาก ທີ່ເກັບຈາກ[[ສາທາລະນະລັດອາຟຣິກາກາງ]].<ref name="Pourrut2005">{{cite journal | author = Pourrut X, Kumulungui B, Wittmann T, Moussavou G, Délicat A, Yaba P, Nkoghe D, Gonzalez JP, Leroy EM | title = The natural history of Ebola virus in Africa | journal = Microbes and infection / Institut Pasteur | volume = 7 | issue = 7–8 | pages = 1005–1014 | year = 2005 | pmid = 16002313 | doi = 10.1016/j.micinf.2005.04.006 }}</ref><ref name="Morvan1999">{{cite journal | author = Morvan JM, Deubel V, Gounon P, Nakouné E, Barrière P, Murri S, Perpète O, Selekon B, Coudrier D, Gautier-Hion A, Colyn M, Volehkov V | title = Identification of Ebola virus sequences present as RNA or DNA in organs of terrestrial small mammals of the Central African Republic | journal = Microbes and Infection | volume = 1 | issue = 14 | pages = 1193–1201 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10580275 | doi = 10.1016/S1286-4579(99)00242-7 }}</ref> ພົບຮ່ອງຮອຍໄວຣັດອີໂບລາໃນຊາກສົບຂອງກໍຣີລາ ແລະ [[ຊິມແປນຊີ]] ລະຫວ່າງການລະບາດໃນປີ 2001 ແລະ 2003, ເຊິ່ງຕໍ່ມາໄດ້ກາຍເປັນແຫຼ່ງການຕິດເຊື້ອໃນມະນຸດ, ແຕ່ວ່າອັດຕາການຕາຍສູງຈາກການຕິດເຊື້ອໃນສາຍພັນເຫຼົ່ານີ້ ເຮັດໃຫ້ມັນບໍ່ໜ້າເປັນຕົວເກັບເຊື້ອຕາມທຳມະຊາດ.<ref name="Pourrut2005" /> ການແຜ່ເຊື້ອລະຫວ່າງຕົວເກັບເຊື້ອຕາມທຳມະຊາດ ກແລະ ມະນຸດພົບໄດ້ໜ້ອຍ ແລະ ການລະບາດຕາມປົກກະຕິທີ່ຕິດຕາມມາໄດ້ແມ່ນມີຜູ້ດຽວເຊິ່ງໄດ້ຈັດການກັບຊາກສົບຂອງກໍຣີລາ, ຊິມແປນຊີ ຫຼື ໄດເກີ.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Peterson AT, Bauer JT, Mills JN | title = Ecologic and Geographic Distribution of Filovirus Disease | journal = Emerging Infectious Diseases | volume = 10 | issue = 1 | pages = 40–47 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15078595 | pmc = 3322747 | doi = 10.3201/eid1001.030125 }}</ref> ປະຊາກອນບາງສ່ວນຂອງອາຟຣິກາຕາເວັນຕົກຍັງກິນເຈຍໝາກໄມ້ ເຊິ່ງຜ່ານການຮົມຄວັນ, ປີ້ງ ຫຼື ເຮັດເປັນແກງເຜັດ.<ref name = Times/><ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-03-25 |title=Guinea Ebola outbreak: Bat-eating banned to curb virus |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-26735118 |access-date=2026-02-26 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> === ໄວຣັດວິທະຍາ === [[file:Ebola virus em.png|thumb|ວີຣີອົງຂອງໄວຣັດອີໂບລາຖ່າຍດ້ວຍ[[ກ້ອງຈຸລະທັດ]]ເອເລັກຕຣົງ]] ==== ຈີໂນມ ==== ເຊັ່ນດຽວກັບ [[mononegavirus]] ທຸກຊະນິດ, ວີຣີອົງ (virion) ອີໂບລາມີ[[ຈີໂນມ]][[ແອຣ໌ແອັນອາ]]ບໍ່ແຜ່ເຊື້ອ (non-infectious), ເສັ້ນຊື່ ສາຍດ່ຽວບໍ່ເປັນປ້ອງ (nonsegmented). ສະພາບຂົ້ວລົບເຊິ່ງມີ inverse-complementary 3' ແລະ 5' termini ບໍ່ມີ 5' cap, ບໍ່ໂປລີອາດີນີລີຊົງ(not polyadenylated) ແລະ ບໍ່ເຊື່ອມກັບ[[ໂປຣຕີນ]]ດ້ວຍ[[ພັນທະໂກວາລັງ]]. ຈີໂນມ ebolavirus ຍາວປະມານ 19,000 ຄູ່ເບດ ແລະມີເຈັດ[[ແຊນ]] ຕາມລຳດັບດັ່ງນີ້: 3'-UTR-NP-VP35-VP40-GP-VP30-VP24-L-5'-UTR. ຈີໂນມຂອງ ebolavirus ຫ້າຊະນິດ (BDBV, EBOV, RESTV, SUDV, ແລະ TAFV) ຕ່າງກັນທີ່ລຳດັບ, ຈຳນວນ ແລະ ຕຳແໜ່ງແຊນທີ່ທັບຊ້ອນກັນ. ==== ຂະໜາດ ແລະ ຮູບຮ່າງ ==== ເຊັ່ນດຽວກັບໄວຣັດທຸກຊະນິດ, ວີຣີອົງອີໂບລາ ເປັນອານຸພາກຄ້າຍຄືເສັ້ນດ້າຍທີ່ອາດຈະປະກົດໃນຮູບຕະຂໍຄົນລ້ຽງແກະ ຫຼື ຮູບຕົວ "U" ຫຼື ເລກ "6" ແລະ ຍັງອາດຈະຂົດມ້ວນເປົນວົງແຫວນ ຫຼື ແຕກກິ່ງກ້ານໄດ້. ໂດຍທົ່ວໄປ, ວີຣີອົງອີໂບລາມີຄວາມກວ້າງ 80 ນາໂນແມັດ ແຕ່ວ່າຄວາມຍາວຂ້ອນຂ້າງແປຜັນ. ໂດຍທົ່ວໄປແລ້ວ, ຄວາມຍາວ[[ມັດທະຍະຖານ]]ຂອງອານຸພາກ ebolavirus ມີພິໄສລະຫວ່າງ 974 ເຖິງ 1,086 ນາໂນແມັດ (ເຊິ່ງຂັດກັບວີຣີອົງມາກເບີກ ເຊິ່ງເປັນຄວາມຍາວມັດທະຍະຖານແທກໄດ້ 795–828 ນາໂນແມັດ) ແຕ່ວ່າເຄີຍພົບອານຸພາກທີ່ຍາວເຖິງ 14,000 ນາໂນແມັດໃນການເພາະລ້ຽງເນື້ອເຍື່ອ. == ການຮັກສາ == [[File:Ebola outbreak in Gulu Municipal Hospital.jpg|right|300px|ຫໍຜູ້ປ່ວຍແຍກໃນໂຮງພະຍາບານທີ່ເມືອງກູລູ, ອູການດາ ເມື່ອຄາວລະບາດເມື່ອ ຄ.ສ. 2000]] ໃນປັດຈຸບັນຍັງບໍ່ທັນມີການຮັກສາເຈາະຈົງສຳລັບພະຍາດໄວຣັດອີໂບລາ ມີພຽງແຕ່ການຮັກສາແບບປະຄັບປະຄອງ (supportive treatment) ໄດ້ແກ່ການເຮັດຫັດຖະການລຸກລ້ຳໃຫ້ໜ້ອຍທີ່ສຸດ, ຮັກສາສົມດຸນເອເລັກໂຕຣລິດ ແລະ ທາດແຫຼວເພື່ອປ້ອງກັນພາວະຂາດນ້ຳ, ໃຫ້ສານຕ້ານການແຂງຕົວຂອງເລືອດເພື່ອປ້ອງກັນບໍ່ໃ້ຫເກີດເລືອດຈັບໂຕເປັນກ້ອນແບບແຜ່ກະຈາຍ (DIC), ໃຫ້ສານຊ່ວຍການແຂັງຕົວຂອງເລືອດໃນໄລຍະທ້າຍເພື່ອຄວບຄຸມບໍ່ໃຫ້ມີເລືອດອອກ, ບັນເທົາອາການປວດ ແລະ ໃຊ້ຢາຕ້ານເຊື້ອບັກເຕຣີ ຫຼື ຢາຕ້ານເຊື້ອເັຫດເພື່ອຮັກສາອາການຕິດເຊື້ອຊ້ຳຊ້ອນ (ຖ້າມີ). == ອ້າງອີງ == {{reflist|2}} {{ລາຍການອ້າງອີງ}} [[ໝວດ:ອີໂບລາ| ]] [[ໝວດ:ໄຂ້ຈາກໄວຣັດທີ່ມີແມງໄມ້ເປັນພາຫະ ແລະ ໄຂ້ເລືອດອອກທີ່ເກີດຈາກໄວຣັດ]] [[ໝວດ:ພະຍາດຮັບຈາກສັດ]] [[ໝວດ:ພະຍາດເຂດຮ້ອນ]] [[ໝວດ:ໄຂ້ເລືອດອອກຈາກໄວຣັດ]] lp1bpin006n3rg7qjfnxozi5l47q7lk 0 8812 130105 129717 2026-08-20T20:05:22Z InternetArchiveBot 13695 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 130105 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taxobox | color = pink | name = ຊ້າງທະເລ | status = lc | image = Walrus2.jpg | image_width = 250px | image_caption = The Pacific Walrus | regnum = [[ສັດ]] | phylum = [[ສັດມີແກນສັນຫຼັງ]] | classis = [[ສັດລ້ຽງລູກດ້ວຍນ້ຳນົມ]] | ordo = [[ສັດກິນຊີ້ນ]] | subordo = [[Caniformia]] | superfamilia = [[ສັດຕີນຄີ]] | familia = [[ວົງຊ້າງທະເລ|ຊ້າງທະເລ]] | familia_authority = Allen, 1880 | genus = '''''ຊ້າງທະເລ''''' | genus_authority = [[Mathurin Jacques Brisson|Brisson]], 1762 | species = '''''O. rosmarus''''' | binomial = ''Odobenus rosmarus'' | binomial_authority = ([[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[1758]]) | range_map = Odobenus rosmarus distribution.png | range_map_caption = ຖິ່ນອາໄສ | subdivision_ranks = Subspecies | subdivision = ''O. rosmarus rosmarus''<br /> ''O. rosmarus divergens'' }} '''ຊ້າງທະເລ'''<ref>ຈາກ ພາສາຈີນ 海象</ref> ([[ພາສາອັງກິດ|ອັງກິດ]]: walrus, [[ພາສາຝະລັ່ງ|ຝະລັ່ງ]]: morse) ຫຼື '''ມອກ''' ຮູບຮ່າງຄ້າຍ [[ສິງທະເລ]] ແຕ່ໂຕໃຫຍ່ກວ່າຫຼາຍແລະມີແງຍາວ. == ລັກສະນະ == ຊ້າງທະເລໃນ[[ມະຫາສະໝຸດປາຊີຟິກ]]ສາມາດມີນ້ຳໜັກໄດ້ເຖິງ 2000 ກິໂລ ແຕ່ໂດຍທົ່ວມັກມີນ້ຳໜັກລະຫວ່າງ 800 ເຖິງ 1700 ກິໂລ === ແງ === ຊ້າງທະເລມີແງຍາວອັນເປັນເອກະລັກ ແງສາມາດມີຄວາມຍາວໄດ້ເຖິງ 1 ແມັດ ແລະມີນ້ຳໜັດປະມານ 5.4 ກິໂລ<ref>{{cite book|author = Berta, A. and Sumich, J. L. |year = 1999|title = Marine mammals: evolutionary biology|url = https://archive.org/details/marinemammalsevo0000bert |publisher = Academic Press|location = San Diego, CA|pages = [https://archive.org/details/marinemammalsevo0000bert/page/494 494] pp.}}</ref>ແງຂອງຊ້າງທະເລໂຕຜູ້ມັກໜາແລະໃຫຍ່ກວ່າຂອງໂຕເມຍ === ໜວດ === ຊ້າງທະເລມີໜວດປະມານ 400 ເຖິງ 700 ເສັ້ນ ມີຄວາມຍາວປະມານ 30 ຊອງຕິແມັດ<ref name=Kastelein1990>{{cite journal|author = Kastelein, R.A., Stevens, S., & Mosterd, P.|year = 1990|title = The sensitivity of the vibrissae of a Pacific Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens). Part 2: Masking|url = https://archive.org/details/aquatic-mammals_1990_16_2/page/78|journal = Aquatic Mammals|volume = 16|issue = 2|pages = 78–87}}</ref> === ໜັງ === ຊ້າງທະເລມີຂົນໜ້ອຍ ແລະມີ[[ໜັງ]]ທີ່ໜາ. == ປະຫວັດຊີວິດ == === ການສືບພັນ === ຊ້າງທະເລມີອາຍຸປະມານ 20–30 ປີ.<ref>{{cite journal|author = Fay, F.H.|year = 1960|title = Carnivorous walrus and some arctic zoonoses|url = http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic13-2-111.pdf|journal = Arctic|volume = 13|issue = 2|pages = 111–122|access-date = 2014-07-10|archive-date = 2017-08-09|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170809040102/http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic13-2-111.pdf|url-status = dead}} [http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic14-1-76.pdf Comment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409082148/http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic14-1-76.pdf |date=2008-04-09 }}</ref> ໂຕຜູ້ໂຕເຕັມທີ່ຕອນອາຍຸ 7 ປີ ແຕ່ຈະບໍ່ຜະສົມພັນຈົນກວ່າອາຍຸຈະໄດ້ 15 ປີ.<ref name="Fay85">{{cite journal|author = Fay, F.H.|year = 1985|url = http://www.science.smith.edu/departments/Biology/VHAYSSEN/msi/default.html|title = Odobenus rosmarus|journal = [[Mammalian Species]]|volume = 238|pages = 1–7|doi = 10.2307/3503810|issue = 238|jstor = 3503810}}</ref> == ອ້າງອີງ == <references/> [[ໝວດ:ສັດລ້ຽງລູກດ້ວຍນ້ຳນົມທາງທະເລ]] bifsj7hwcc4ca9h8s15enaxu40t0vhu 0 8962 130111 49748 2026-08-20T20:14:25Z InternetArchiveBot 13695 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 130111 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox disease | Name = ໄຂ້<br /> (Fever) | ICD10 = {{ICD10|R|50||r|50}} | ICD9 = {{ICD9|780.6}} | ICDO = | Image = Clinical thermometer 38.7.JPG | Caption = [[ບາຫຼອດ]]ແທກໄຂ້ສະແດງອຸນຫະພູມ 38.7&nbsp;°C ຫຼື 101.7&nbsp;°F | OMIM = | MedlinePlus = | eMedicineSubj = med | eMedicineTopic = 785 | DiseasesDB = 18924 | MeshID = D005334 }} '''ໄຂ້''' ຫຼື '''ອາການຕົວຮ້ອນ''' ເປັນ[[ອາການສະແດງ]]ທາງການແພດທີ່ພົບເລື້ອຍ ໝາຍເຖິງການເພີ່ມຂອງ[[ອຸນຫະພູມຮ່າງກາຍ]]ສູງກວ່າປົກກະຕິຄື 36.5–37.5&nbsp;°C (98–100&nbsp;°F) ອັນເປັນຜົນຈາກການປັບສູງຂຶ້ນຂອງອຸນຫະພູມເປົ້າໝາຍທີ່ຮ່າງກາຍພະຍາຍາມຮັກສາໃຫ້ຄົງທີ່<ref>{{cite journal |author=Karakitsos D, Karabinis A |title=Hypothermia therapy after traumatic brain injury in children |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=359 |issue=11 |pages=1179–80 |year=2008 |month=September |pmid=18788094 |doi= |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_new-england-journal-of-medicine_2008-09-11_359_11/page/1179}}</ref> ການສູງຂຶ້ນຂອງອຸນຫະພູມເປົ້າໝາຍນີ້ ກະຕຸ້ນໃຫ້[[ຄວາມເຄັ່ງຕົວຂອງກ້າມເນື້ອ]]ເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນ ແລະ [[ອາການສັ່ນສະທ້ານ|ສັ່ນສະທ້ານ]] ເນື່ອງຈາກອຸນຫະພູມເປົ້າໝາຍຂອງຮ່າງການສູງຂຶ້ນເຮັດໃຫ້ຜູ້ປ່ວຍຮູ້ສຶກໜາວທົ່ວໂຕ ທັງໆທີ່ອຸນຫະພູມຮ່າງກາຍສູງຂຶ້ນ ແລະ ເມື່ອອຸນຫະພູມຮ່າງກາຍສູງເຖິງອຸນຫະພູມເປົ້າໝາຍໃໝ່ແລ້ວຈະເຮັດໃຫ້ຮູ້ສຶກອຸ່ນ. ໄຂ້ເປັນການຕອບສະໜອງທາງ[[ພູມຄຸ້ມກັນ]]ຂອງຮ່າງກາຍທີ່ພະຍາຍາມຕໍ່ຕ້ານ[[ການຕິດເຊື້ອ]]ບັກເຕຣີ ຫຼື ໄວຣັດ. ໄຂ້ອາດເກີດໄດ້ຈາກຫຼາຍສາເຫດຕັ້ງແຕ່ພາວະທີ່ບໍ່ຮຸນແຮງໄປຈົນເຖິງຮຸນແຮງທີ່ສຸດ. ໂດຍທົ່ວໄປການຮັກສາດ້ວຍການລົດໄຂ້ນັ້ນມັກບໍ່ຈຳເປັນ ເວັ້ນແຕ່ພາວະທີ່ອຸນຫະພູມສູງຂຶ້ນຫຼາຍ. ຢ່າງໃດກໍຕາມການໃຊ້[[ຢາລົດໄຂ້]]ມີຜົນຊ່ວຍຫຼຸດອຸນຫະພູມລົງໄດ້ ແລະ ເຮັດໃຫ້ຜູ້ປ່ວຍຮູ້ສຶກສະບາຍຂຶ້ນ. ໄຂ້ແຕກຕ່າງຈາກ[[ພາວະຕົວຮ້ອນເກີນ]]ທີ່ຄວບຄຸມບໍ່ໄດ້ (uncontrolled hyperthermia) ໂດຍພາວະຕົວຮ້ອນເກີນເປັນການເພີ່ມຂອງອຸນຫະພູມຮ່າງກາຍສູງກວ່າອຸນຫະພູມເປົ້າໝາຍທີ່ຮ່າງກາຍພະຍາຍາມຮັກສາໃຫ້ຄົງທີ່. ສາເຫດເກີດຈາກການສ້າງຄວາມຮ້ອນຂອງຮ່າງກາຍຫຼາຍເກີນປົກກະຕິ ແລະ/ຫຼື [[ການປັບອຸນຫະພູມຂອງຮ່າງກາຍ]]ທີ່ບໍ່ພຽງພໍ. == ອ້າງອີງ == {{ລາຍການອ້າງອີງ}} 4jgr0n5ybkn0quq2n6e3w0dkq6lrnvv 0 10162 130109 86880 2026-08-20T20:12:47Z InternetArchiveBot 13695 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 130109 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ຂະຫຍາຍ}} '''ຈັກກະວັດໂອສະມັນ''' ({{lang-en|Ottoman Empire}}, {{lang-tr|Osmanlı İmparatorluğu}}) ຖືກຳເໜີດຂຶ້ນໃນປີ ຄ.ສ. 1453 ຫຼັງການຫຼົ້ມສະຫຼາຍຂອງ[[ຈັກກະວັດບີຊັນຕີນ]] ເຊິ່ງມີ[[ກົນສະຕັນຕິໂນໂປນ]] ([[ອິສະຕັນບູນ]]) ເປັນນະຄອນຫຼວງ [[ສຸລະຕານເມຮະເມັດທີ 2 ແຫ່ງຈັກກະວັດໂອສະມັນ|ສຸລະຕານເມຮະເມັດທີ 2]] ເປັນຜູ້ນຳໃນການເຮັດສົງຄາມ. ຕອນທຳອິດທີ່ຍຶດກົນສະຕັນຕິໂນໂປນໄດ້ ພະອົງໄດ້ຊົງປ່ຽນຊື່ເມືອງກົນສະຕັນຕິໂນໂປນໃໝ່ເປັນ ອິສະຕັນບູນ ແລະປ່ຽນ[[ໂບດອາຢາໂຊເຟຍ]] ເຊິ່ງເປັນສະຖານທີ່ສວດມົນຂອງສາສະໜາຄິດ ເປັນສະຖານທີ່ສວດມົນຂອງ[[ສາສະໜາອິສະລາມ]]. ຄ.ສ.1683:<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Turchin|first1=Peter|last2=Adams|first2=Jonathan M.|last3=Hall|first3=Thomas D |title = East-West Orientation of Historical Empires |journal = Journal of world-systems research|date=December 2006 |volume=12|issue=2 |page=223 |url =http://jwsr.pitt.edu/ojs/index.php/jwsr/article/view/369/381|accessdate=12 September 2016 |issn= 1076-156X}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|date=September 1997|title=Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_international-studies-quarterly_1997-09_41_3/page/498|journal=[[International Studies Quarterly]]|volume=41|issue=3|page=498|doi=10.1111/0020-8833.00053|author=Rein Taagepera|authorlink=Rein Taagepera|jstor=2600793}}</ref> 5.200.000 km². ==Photo== {| |[[File:Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844–1922).svg|100px|flag]] |[[File:Ottoman Empire (1795).png|400px]] |[[File:Osmanli-nisani.svg|100px]] |} Ottoman Empire (1795) == ອ້າງອີງ == <references/> [[ໝວດ:ຈັກກະວັດ]] be1twq1yukjam1ghakkz8jdtd52bnno 0 12403 130094 67277 2026-08-20T19:51:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13695 Add 3 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 130094 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ດໍລີ''' ({{lang-en|Dolly}}) (5 ກໍລະກົດ 2539 – 14 ກຸມພາ 2546) ເປັນ[[ແກະ]]ລ້ຽງເພດເມຍ ແລະເປັນ[[ສັດລ້ຽງລູກດ້ວຍນ້ຳນົມ]]ໂຕທຳອິດທີ່ຖືກກະໂລນຈາກ[[ເຊລູນຮ່າງກາຍ]] (somatic cell) ຂອງສັດໂຕເຕັມໄວ ໂດຍໃຊ້ວິທີ[[ຖ່າຍຝາກນູກະເລອຸດ]] (nuclear transfer)<ref>{{Cite journal|author=McLaren A |title=Cloning: pathways to a pluripotent future |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2000-06-09_288_5472/page/1775 |journal=Science |volume=288 |issue=5472 |pages=1775–80 |date=2000 |pmid=10877698 |doi=10.1126/science.288.5472.1775}}</ref><ref name=Wilmut>{{Cite journal|display-authors=4|author=Wilmut I|author2=Schnieke AE|author3=McWhir J|author4=Kind AJ|author5=Campbell KH |title=Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult mammalian cells |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_1997-02-27_385_6619/page/810|journal=Nature |volume=385 |issue=6619 |pages=810–3 |date=1997 |pmid=9039911 | doi=10.1038/385810a0 |bibcode=1997Natur.385..810W}}</ref> ດໍລີຖືກກະໂລນໂດຍ [[ອີຢັນ ວິນມຸດ]] (Ian Wilmut) [[ຄີດ ແຄມເບິນ]] (Keith Campbell) ແລະຜູ້ຮ່ວມງານໃນສະຖາບັນລໍສະລິນ (Roslin Institute) ສ່ວນໜຶ່ງຂອງ[[ມະຫາວິທະຍາໄລເອດິນບະລະ]] ປະເທດເອກົດ ແລະບໍລິສັດເຕັກໂນໂລຊີຊີວະພາບ PPL Therapeutics ຊຶ່ງຕັ້ງຢູ່ໃກ້ກັບ[[ເອດິນບະລະ]] ເງິນທຶນໃນການກະໂລນດໍລີມາຈາກບໍລິສັດ PPL Therapeutics ແລະກະຊວງການກະເສດຂອງສະຫະລາຊະອານາຈັກ<ref name=j1>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1080/00141844.1999.9981606| title = Why dolly matters: Kinship, culture and cloning| url = https://archive.org/details/ethnos_1999_64_3/page/301| journal = Ethnos| volume = 64| issue = 3–4| pages = 301–324| year = 1999| last1 = Edwards | first1 = J. }}</ref> ມັນເກີດເມື່ອວັນທີ 5 ກໍລະກົດ ພ.ສ. 2547 ແລະຕາຍດ້ວຍພະຍາດທາງປອດເມື່ອອາຍຸໄດ້ 6 ປີ 7 ເດືອນ<ref name=BBC>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/2764039.stm "Dolly the sheep clone dies young"]. BBC News. 14 February 2003</ref> ຫຼາຍສື່ ເຊັ່ນ BBC News ແລະ ''Scientific American'' ຍ້ອງຍໍໃຫ້ມັນເປັນ "ແກະໂດ່ງດັງທີ່ສຸດໃນໂລກ".<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/353617.stm |title=Is Dolly old before her time? |date=27 May 1999 |work=[[BBC News]] |accessdate=4 October 2009 | location=London}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=no-more-cloning-around|title=No More Cloning Around|last=Lehrman |first=Sally|date=July 2008|work=[[Scientific American]]|accessdate=21 September 2008}}</ref> ເຊລູນທີ່ໃຊ້ເປັນຜູ້ບໍລິຈາກເພື່ອກະໂລນດໍລີ ຖືກນຳມາຈາກ [[Mammary gland|ຕ່ອມນ້ຳນົມ]] ແລະການທີ່ສາມາດສ້າງກະໂລນທີ່ແຂງແຮງໄດ້ແມ່ນໂຕພິສູດວ່າ ເຊລູນຈາກສ່ວນໜຶ່ງຂອງຮ່າງກາຍສາມາດນຳມາສ້າງສິ່ງມີຊີວິດໄດ້ທັງໂຕ ວິນມຸດກ່າວກ່ຽວກັບຊື່ຂອງດໍລີວ່າ "ດໍລີມາຈາກເຊລູນຕ່ອມນ້ຳນົມ ແລະພວກເຮົາບໍ່ສາມາດຄຶດເຖິງຕ່ອມນ້ຳນົມທີ່ເປັນຕາປະທັບໃຈຫຼາຍກວ່າຂອງ[[ດໍລີ ພາຕັນ]] ໄດ້".<ref name="BBC-97">{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/22/newsid_4245000/4245877.stm | work=BBC News | title=1997: Dolly the sheep is cloned | date=22 February 1997}}</ref> == ອ້າງອີງ == <references/> [[ໝວດ:ແກະ]] rht8vfa8e3mftlxwoc21s47rjsxncc2 0 13356 130097 126416 2026-08-20T19:53:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13695 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 130097 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ກ່ອງຂໍ້ມູນ ປະເທດ | native_name = {{lang|ar|مملكة البحرين}} <small>{{ar icon}}</small> | conventional_long_name = ລາຊະອານາຈັກບາເຣນ | common_name = ບາເຣນ | image_flag = Flag of Bahrain.svg | image_coat = Coat of Arms of The Kingdom of Bahrain.svg | national_motto = | image_map = File:Map of Bahrain.svg | map_caption = {{map caption |location_color= ໃນສີຂຽວ}} | national_anthem = [[ບາເຣໂນນາ]]<br>''(ບາເຣນຂອງເຮົາ)''<center>[[File:Bahraini Anthem.ogg]]</center> | capital = [[ມານາມາ]] | coordinates = {{Coord|26|13|N|50|35|E|type:city}} | government_type =[[ລັດດ່ຽວ]] [[ລະບົບລັດຖະສະພາ]] [[ລາຊາທິປະໄຕພາຍໃຕ້ລັດຖະທຳມະນູນ]] | leader_title1 = [[ລາຍຊື່ພະມະຫາກະສັດ|ພະມະຫາກະສັດ]] | leader_name1 = [[ສົມເດັດພຣະລາຊາທິບໍດີ ຮະມັດ ບິນອີຊາ ອັລເຄາະລີຟະຫ໌]] | leader_title2 = [[ນາຍົກລັດຖະມົນຕີບາເຣນ|ນາຍົກລັດຖະມົນຕີ]] | leader_name2 = [[ເຈົ້າຊາຍ ຊັລມານ ມົງກຸດລາຊະກຸມານແຫ່ງບາເຣນ]] | largest_city = [[ມານາມາ]] | official_languages = [[ພາສາອາຣັບມາດຕະຖານສະໄໝໃໝ່|ພາສາອາຣັບ]]<ref>{{cite web |title=CONSTITUTION OF THE KINGDOM OF BAHRAIN (ISSUED IN 2002) AND ITS AMENDMENTS (ISSUED IN 2012) |url=http://www.nihr.org.bh/en/MediaHandler/GenericHandler/documents/download/1-%20Constitution%20of%20the%20Kingdom%20of%20Bahrain.pdf |website=National Institution for Human Rights |publisher=National Institute for Human Rights |access-date=31 August 2020}}</ref> | recognised_languages = [[ພາສາອັງກິດ]]<ref name="BO"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Living in Bahrain|url=http://www.britishschoolbahrain.com/default.asp?action=category&id=132|publisher=BSB|access-date=June 7, 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120624205759/http://www.britishschoolbahrain.com/default.asp?action=category&id=132|archive-date=June 24, 2012}}</ref> | ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list | 47.4% ຊາວບາເຣນ | 43.4% ຊາວອາຊີ | 4.9% ອາຣັບ ອື່ນໆ (ບໍ່ລວມກຸ່ມ GCC) | 1.4% ຊາວອາຟຣິກາ | 1.1% ຊາວອາເມຣິກາເໜືອ | 0.9% ກຸ່ມອາຣັບ GCC | 0.8% ຊາວເອີຣົບ | 0.1% ອື່ນໆ}} | ethnic_groups_year = 2020<ref name=Census2020/> | religion = {{unbulleted list |70.3% [[ອິດສະລາມ]] ([[State religion|ທາງການ]]) |14.5% [[ຄຣິດ]] |9.8% [[ຮິນດູ]] |2.2% [[ພຸດ]] |0.3% [[ຢູດາ]] |1% ສາສະໜາອື່ນໆ |1.9% [[ການບໍ່ມີສາສະໜາ|ບໍ່ນັບຖືສາສະໜາ]] }} | sovereignty_type = [[ປະຫວັດສາດບາເຣນ|ການສະຖາປະນາ]] | established_event1 = [[ລາຊະວົງເຄາະລີຟະຫ໌]] | established_date1 = 1783 | established_event2 = ປະກາດເອກະລາດ<ref>{{cite news|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19710815-1.2.11.aspx|title=Bahrain ends special pact|date=15 August 1971|newspaper=[[The Straits Times]]}}</ref> | established_date2 = 14 ສິງຫາ 1971 | established_event3 = ໄດ້ຮັບເອກະລາດຈາກ[[ຈັກກະວັດບຣິຕິຊ|ສະຫະລາຊະອານາຈັກ]]<ref name="CIA"/> | established_date3 = 15 ສິງຫາ 1971 | established_event4 = ເປັນທີ່ຍອມຮັບຂອງສະຫະປະຊາຊາດ | established_date4 = 21 ກັນຍາ 1971 | established_event5 = ລາຊະອານາຈັກບາເຣນ | established_date5 = 14 ກຸມພາ 2002 | area_km2 = 785.08<ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.gov.bh/en/ResourceCenter/DownloadFile?id=3651 |title=some spreadsheet |website=data.gov.bh |access-date=4 August 2021 |archive-date=2021-06-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611023233/https://data.gov.bh/en/ResourceCenter/DownloadFile?id=3651 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | area_rank = ອັນດັບທີ 172 | area_sq_mi = 303.1 | percent_water = ໜ້ອຍຫຼາຍ | population_estimate = {{UN_Population|Bahrain}}{{UN_Population|ref}} | population_census = 1,501,635<ref name=Census2020/> | population_estimate_year = {{UN_Population|Year}} | population_estimate_rank = ອັນດັບທີ 149 | population_census_year = 2020 | population_density_km2 = 1,912.7 | population_density_sq_mi = 4,953.9 | population_density_rank = ອັນດັບທີ 3 <!--See [[List of countries by population density]]--> | GDP_PPP = {{nowrap|$78.760 ຕື້<ref name=imf2>{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=70&pr.y=14&sy=2016&ey=2020&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=419&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a= |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2018 |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |access-date=12 March 2019}}</ref><!--end nowrap:-->}} | GDP_PPP_year = 2019 | GDP_PPP_rank = ອັນດັບທີ 94 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $52,129<ref name="imf2" /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = ອັນດັບທີ 19 | GDP_nominal = {{nowrap|$41.607 ຕື້<ref name="imf2" />}} | GDP_nominal_year = 2019 | GDP_nominal_rank = ອັນດັບທີ 91 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $27,538<ref name="imf2" /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = ອັນດັບທີ 33 | Gini = <!--number only--> | Gini_year = | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.852<!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase<!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=16 December 2020}}</ref> | HDI_rank = ອັນດັບທີ 42 | sovereignty_type = [[ເອກະລາດ|ໄດ້ຮັບເອກະລາດ]] | established_event1 = ຈາກ[[ສະຫະລາຊະອານາຈັກ]] | established_date1 = 15 ສິງຫາ 1971 | currency = [[ບາເຣນດີນາ]] | currency_code = BHD | time_zone = | utc_offset = +3 | time_zone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | cctld = [[.bh]] | calling_code = 973 | footnotes = | colspan=2 align=right style="padding: 0 5px 0 5px" }} '''ບາເຣນ''' ({{lang-en|Bahrain}}; {{lang-ar|البحرين}}) ຫຼື ຊື່ຢ່າງເປັນທາງການ '''ລາຊະອານາຈັກບາເຣນ''' ({{lang-en|Kingdom of Bahrain}}; {{lang-ar|مملكة البحرين}}) ເປັນ[[ປະເທດ]][[ເກາະ]]ໃນ[[ອ່າວເປີເຊຍ]] ໂດຍມີຂົວເຊື່ອມຕໍ່ກັບ[[ປະເທດອາຣັບບີ ຊາອູດິດ|ອາຣັບບີ ຊາອູດິດ]]ທີ່ຢູ່ຫ່າງຈາກເກາະປະມານ 28 ກິໂລແມັດ ແມ່ນ [[ຂົວຄິງຟະຮັດ]] ເຊິ່ງເປີດໃຊ້ຢ່າງເປັນທາງການເມື່ອວັນທີ 25 ພະຈິກ 1986 ບາເຣນເປັນທີ່ຕັ້ງຂອງອາລະຍະທຳດິລມຸນບູຮານ<ref>{{Cite web|title=Saudi Aramco World : Oman: The Lost Land|url=https://archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/198303/oman-the.lost.land.htm|website=archive.aramcoworld.com}}</ref> ແລະມີຊື່ສຽງດ້ານການຫາປາໂເຍສະເພາະຢ່າງຍິ່ງ [[ການລ່າໄຂ່ມຸກ]] ເຊິ່ງບໍລິເວນແຫ່ງນີ້ຖືວ່າໄດ້ຮັບຄວາມນິຍົມທີ່ສຸດໃນໂລກໃນສະຕະວັດທີ 19<ref>Baynes, T. S., ed. (1878), Bahrein, '''3''' (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, p. 240</ref> ບາເຣນເປັນໜຶ່ງໃນພື້ນທີ່ແຮກສຸດທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບອິດທິພົນຈາກ[[ສາສະໜາອິດສະລາມ]] ໃນຊ່ວງຊີວິດຂອງ[[ມຸຮຳມັດ|ມູຮຳມັດ]] ຫຼັງຈາກປົກຄອງຂອງອາຣັບ ບາເຣນຖືກປົກຄອງໂດຍ[[ຈັກກະວັດປອກຕຸຍການ]]ຕັ້ງປີ 1521 ຫາ 1602 ຫຼັງຈາກການເອົາຊະນະໂດຍ[[ຊາຫ໌ອັບມາດທີ 1 ແຫ່ງລາຊະວົງຊາຟາວິດ]] ໃນປີ 1783 ກຸ່ມ ''Bani Utbah'' ໄດ້ຍຶດຄອງບາເຣນຈາກ ''Nasr Al-Madhkur'' ຜູ້ວ່າການຊາວອາຣັບໃນສະໄໝສະຕະວັດທີ 18 ແລະ ນັບຕັ້ງແຕ່ນັ້ນມາກໍຖືກປົກຄອງໂດຍ[[ລາຊະວົງຄາລິຟາ]] ໂດຍມີ [[ເຊຄະ ອາເໝັດ ອິບນ໌ ມຸຮຳມັດ ອິບນ໌ ອັລເຄາະລິຟາຫ໌]] ເປັນກະສັດພຣະອົງແຮກຂອງບາເຣນ ໃນປາຍສະຕະວັດ 1800 ບາເຣນກາຍເປັນ[[ອານານິຄົມ]]ຂອງ[[ສະຫະລາຊະອານາຈັກ]] ຈາກການທຳ[[ສົນທິສັນຍາ]]ກັບ[[ປະເທດອັງກິດ|ອັງກີດ]] ກ່ອນຈະໄດ້ຮັບເອກະລາດໃນປີ 1971<ref>{{Cite web|title=The history of British involvement in Bahrain's internal security|url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/opensecurity/history-of-british-involvement-in-bahrains-internal-security/|website=openDemocracy|language=en}}</ref> ແຕ່ເດີມນັ້ນບາເຣນເຄີຍເປັນສ່ວນໜຶ່ງຂອງດິນແດນ[[ລັດດູໄບ|ເອເມຣັດ]] ບາເຣນໄດ້ຮັບການປະກາດໃຫ້ເປັນປະເທດທີ່ປົກຄອງດ້ວຍລະບອບ[[ລາຊາທິປະໄຕ]]ຕາມ[[ລັດຖະທຳມະນູນ]]ຂອງ[[ສາສະໜາອິດສະລາມ|ອິດສະລາມ]]ໃນປີ 2002 ຕໍ່ມາໃນປີ 2011 ບາເຣນພົບບັນຫາການປະທ້ວງພາຍໃນປະເທດເຊິ່ງໄດ້ຮັບອິດທິພົນຈາກ[[ອາຣັບສະປຣິງ]]ໃນພາກພື້ນ[[ຕາເວັນອອກກາງ]] ໂດຍລາຊະວົງຄາລິຟາຜູ້ປົກຄອງປະເທດຖືກວິພາກວິຈານວ່າໄດ້ລະເມີດ[[ສິດທິມະນຸດສະທຳ]]ຂອງກຸ່ມຕ່າງໆເຊິ່ງມີຜູ້ບໍ່ເຫັນດິຫຼາຍ ລວມເຖິງນັກການເມືອງຝ່າຍຄ້ານ ແລະ ປະຊາກອນມຸດສະລິມ[[ຊີອະຫ໌]]ສ່ວນໃຫຍ່<ref>{{Cite web|last=Staff|first=By the CNN Wire|title=Bahrain says ban on protests is response to rising violence|url=https://www.cnn.com/2012/10/31/world/meast/bahrain-amnesty-protests/index.html|website=CNN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-07-17|title=How Bahrain uses sport to whitewash a legacy of torture and human rights abuses {{!}} David Conn|url=http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2017/jul/17/bahrain-accused-sport-whitewash-history-torture-human-rights-abuses|website=the Guardian|language=en}}</ref> ເຊັ່ນດຽວກັບປະເທດໃນພາກພື້ນຕາເວັນອອກກາງ ບາເຣນໄດ້ພັດທະນາເສດຖະກິດຂອງຕົນເອງຈາກການຄ້າ[[ນ້ຳມັນ]]ມາຫຼາຍທົດສະວັດ ແລະ ເປັນໜຶ່ງປະເທດທຳອິດ ທີ່ເຮັດການສົ່ງອອກນ້ຳມັນໃນ[[ອ່າວເປີເຊຍ]]<ref>http://www.jepeterson.net/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/Peterson_Bahrain_Reforms.pdf</ref> ເຊິ່ງເປັນຜົນມາຈາກການລົງທຶນໃນພາກການ[[ທະນາຄານ]] ແລະ [[ການທ່ອງທ່ຽວ]]ເປັນເວລາຫຼາຍທົດສະວັດ<ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-12-28|title=Bahrain Financial Services.|url=http://www.bahrainedb.com/EDBInBahrain.aspx?id=2134|website=web.archive.org|access-date=2021-08-19|archive-date=2010-12-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228154653/http://www.bahrainedb.com/EDBInBahrain.aspx?id=2134|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> ສະຖາບັນການເງິນທີ່ໃຫຍ່ທີ່ສຸດໃນໂລກຫຼາຍແຫ່ງຕັ້ງຢູ່ໃນນະຄອນ[[ມານາມາ]]ເມືອງຫຼວງຂອງປະເທດ ຈຶ່ງມີ[[ດັດຊະນີການພັດທະນາມະນຸດ]]ສູງ ແລະ ໄດ້ຮັບການຍອມຮັບຈາກ[[ທະນາຄານໂລກ]]ວ່າບາເຣນມີຂະໜາດເສດຖະກິດທີ່ໃຫຍ່ລຳດັບຕົ້ນໆ ໃນຕາເວັນອອກກາງ ແລະ ເປັນປະເທດທີ່ມີລາຍໄດ້ສູງ<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bahrain|url=https://www.imuna.org/resources/country-profiles/bahrain/|website=IMUNA {{!}} NHSMUN {{!}} Model UN|language=en-US}}</ref> ບາເຣນເປັນສະມາຊິກຂອງ[[ສະຫະປະຊາຊາດ]] [[ກະບວນການທີ່ບໍ່ສອດຄ່ອງ]] [[ສະຫະພັນອາຣັບ]] [[ອົງ​ການ​ຮ່ວມ​ມື​ອິດ​ສະ​ລາມ]] ແລະ [[ຄະນະມົນຕີຮ່ວມມືລັດອາຣັບ]] == ອ້າງອີງ == {{ລາຍການອ້າງອີງ|group=lower-alpha}} {{ລາຍການອ້າງອີງ|30em}} == ບັນນານຸກົມ == {{ເລີ່ມອ້າງອີງ}} * {{cite EB9 |mode = cs2 |wstitle = Bahrein |volume = 3 |ref = {{harvid|''EB''|1878}} |page = 240 }} * {{cite journal |last = Cole |first = Juan R. I. |title = Rival Empires of Trade and Imami Shiism in Eastern Arabia, 1300–1800 |url = https://archive.org/details/sim_international-journal-of-middle-east-studies_1987-04_19_2/page/177 |journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies|volume = 19 |issue=2 |year=1987 |pages=177–203 |jstor=163353 |ref=Cole |doi = 10.1017/s0020743800031834 |s2cid = 162702326 }} * {{cite EB1911 |mode=cs2 |last=Holdich |first=Thomas Hungerford |author-link=Thomas Hungerford Holdich |wstitle=Bahrein Islands |volume = 3 |ref = {{harvid|''EB''|1911}} |page = 212 }} * {{cite book | last = Larsen | first = Curtis | title = Life and Land Use on the Bahrain Islands: The Geoarcheology of an Ancient Society | publisher = University of Chicago Press | year = 1983 | isbn = 978-0-226-46906-5 | url = https://archive.org/details/lifelanduseon00curt }} * {{cite book |last=Mojtahed-Zadeh |first=Pirouz |year=1999 |title = Security and Territoriality in the Persian Gulf: A Maritime Political Geography |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=P4g6iRcZIKIC |publisher=Routledge |isbn = 978-0-7007-1098-0 }} * {{Free-content attribution | title = UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030 | author = UNESCO | publisher = UNESCO Publishing | page numbers = ?? | source = | documentURL = http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002354/235406e.pdf | license statement URL = | license = CC BY-SA IGO 3.0 }} {{ຈົບອ້າງອີງ}} == ແຫຼ່ງຂໍ້ມູນອື່ນ == {{Wikibooks|Wikijunior:Countries A-Z|Bahrain}} {{Sister project links|voy=Bahrain}} * {{Official website|www.e.gov.bh|Official government portal}} * [http://www.mofa.gov.bh/ Kingdom of Bahrain, Ministry of Foreign Affairs website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120520010010/http://www.mofa.gov.bh/ |date=2012-05-20 }} * {{CIA World Factbook link|ba|Bahrain}} * {{GovPubs|bahrain}} * {{dmoz|Regional/Middle_East/Bahrain}} * [http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14540571 Bahrain profile] from the [[BBC News]] * {{wikiatlas|Bahrain}} * {{Wikivoyage-inline}} * [http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=BH Key Development Forecasts for Bahrain] from [[International Futures]] [[ໝວດ:ປະເທດບາເຣນ]] [[ໝວດ:ລາຊະອານາຈັກ|ບາເຣນ]] [[ໝວດ:ລັດອິດສະລາມ|ບາເຣນ]] [[ໝວດ:ປະເທດທີ່ເປັນເກາະ|ບາເຣນ]] [[ໝວດ:ເກາະທະວີບອາຊີ]] [[ໝວດ:ເກາະໃນມະຫາສະໝຸດອິນເດຍ]] [[ໝວດ:ລັດ ແລະ ດິນແດນທີ່ກໍ່ຕັ້ງໃນປີ 1971]] [[ໝວດ:ລັດສະມາຊິກສະຫະປະຊາຊາດ]] s6296mk2sfbe8o9rkcjszqi2h8cx07d 0 15746 130103 129697 2026-08-20T20:03:49Z InternetArchiveBot 13695 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 130103 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ແປ}}{{ກ່ອງຂໍ້ມູນ ອະດີດປະເທດ|conventional_long_name=ສະຫະພາບສາທາລະນະລັດສັງຄົມນິຍົມໂຊວຽດ|common_name=ສະຫະພາບໂຊວຽດ|native_name=Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик (ພາສາລັດເຊຍ)|era=ສະ​ຕະ​ວັດ​ທີ່ 20|religion=ລັດສ່ວນບົດເລື່ອງທົ່ວ (ນິຕິໄນ) <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/russian/const/36cons04.html |title=ARTICLE 124. |access-date=4 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102163245/http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/russian/const/36cons04.html |archive-date=2 January 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/russian/const/77cons02.html |title=Article 52. |access-date=4 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190216062245/http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/russian/const/77cons02.html |archive-date=16 February 2019 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> <br />State atheism (de facto)|government_type={{plainlist| * '''1922–1990''':<br/>ລັດທິມາກ-ເລນິນສັງຄົມນິຍົມພັກດຽວ<ref name="ml1">''Historical Dictionary of Socialism''. James C. Docherty, Peter Lamb. Page 85. "The Soviet Union was a one-party Marxist-Leninist state".</ref><ref name="ml2">[http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/ruseur_wp_010.pdf Ideology, Interests, and Identity] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130721063619/http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/ruseur_wp_010.pdf |date=21 July 2013 }}. Stephen H. Hanson. Page 14. "the USSR was officially a Marxist-Leninist state".</ref><ref name="ml3">[http://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1078&context=ilr The Fine Line between the Enforcement of Human Rights Agreements and the Violation of National Sovereignty: The Case of Soviet Dissidents] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808044353/http://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1078&context=ilr |date=8 August 2014 }}. Jennifer Noe Pahre. p. 336. "[...] the Soviet Union, as a Marxist-Leninist state [...]". p. 348. "The Soviet Union is a Marxist–Leninist state".</ref><ref name="ml4">[http://www.epa.hu/00000/00010/00020/pdf/HSR_1989_1-2_023-046.pdf Leninist National Policy: Solution to the "National Question"?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808041725/http://www.epa.hu/00000/00010/00020/pdf/HSR_1989_1-2_023-046.pdf |date=8 August 2014 }}. Walker Connor. Page 31. "[...] four Marxist-Leninist states (the Soviet Union, China, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia)[...]".</ref> * '''1990–91''':<br/>ສາທາລະນະລັດເຄິ່ງປະທານາທິບໍດີ<ref>{{cite web|url=http://constitution.garant.ru/history/ussr-rsfsr/1977/zakony/185465|title=Law of the USSR of March 14, 1990 N 1360-I 'On the establishment of the office of the President of the USSR and the making of changes and additions to the Constitution (Basic Law) of the USSR'|publisher=Garant.ru|accessdate=12 July 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813151229/http://constitution.garant.ru/history/ussr-rsfsr/1977/zakony/185465/|archive-date=13 August 2011|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> }}|life_span=1922–1991|date_start=30 ທັນວາ 1922|event_start=[[ສົນທິສັນຍາການສ້າງສະຫະພາບໂຊວຽດ|ສົນທິສັນຍາຂອງການສ້າງ]]ໄດ້ເຊັນ|event1=[[ການປະຕິບັດງານບາບາໂຣຊາ|ການບຸກລຸກຂອງເຢຍລະມັນ]]|date_event1=22 ມິຖຸນາ 1941|event2=[[ວັນໄຊຊະນະໃນເອີຣົບ|ໄຊຊະນະສົງຄາມໂລກຄັ້ງທີ 2]]|date_event2=9 ພຶດສະພາ 1945|event3=ຍອມຮັບກັບ[[ສະຫະປະຊາຊາດ]]|date_event3=24 ຕຸລາ 1945|event4=[[ລັດຖະທຳມະນູນຂອງສະຫະພາບໂຊວຽດປີ 1977|ລັດຖະທຳມະນູນສຸດທ້າຍ]]ໄດ້ຮັບຮອງເອົາ|date_event4=9 ຕຸລາ 1977|event5=[[ສົນທິສັນຍາວໍຊໍ]]ລົບລ້າງ|date_event5=1 ກໍລະກົດ 1991|event6=[[ການພະຍາຍາມກໍ່ລັດຖະປະຫານໃນສະຫະພາບໂຊວຽດ|ລັດທະປະຫານສິງຫາ]]|date_event6=19–22 ສິງຫາ 1991|event7=[[ຂໍ້ຕົກລົງບີໂລແວຊາ]]|date_event7=8 ທັນວາ 1991|date_end=26 ທັນວາ 1991|event_end=[[ການແຕກສລາຍຂອງສະຫະພາບໂຊວຽດ|ຂໍ້ຕົກລົງມີປະສິດຕິຜົນ]]|image_flag=Flag of the Soviet Union.svg|flag_type_article=ທຸງຊາດສະຫະພາບໂຊວຽດ|flag_type=[[ທຸງ​ຊາດສະຫະພາບໂຊວຽດ|ທຸງຊາດ]]|flag=ທຸງຊາດສະຫະພາບໂຊວຽດ|image_coat=Coat of arms of the Soviet Union 1.svg|symbol_type_article=ເຄື່ອງໝາຍຂອງລັດສະຫະພາບໂຊວຽດ|symbol_type=ເຄື່ອງໝາຍຂອງລັດ|symbol=ເຄື່ອງໝາຍຂອງລັດສະຫະພາບໂຊວຽດ|image_map=Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (orthographic projection).svg|image_map_size=220px|image_map_caption=ສະຫະພາບໂຊວຽດໃນປີ 1945–91|capital=[[ມອສໂກ|ມົດສະກູ]]|coordinates={{Coord|55|45|N|37|37|E|type:city}}|largest_city=capital|national_motto=Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь!<br/>{{small|("ຜູ້ອອກແຮງງານຂອງໂລກ ສາມັກຄີ!")}}|national_anthem={{plainlist| * "[[ແອງແຕັກນາຊີໂອນາເລີ]]" * (1922–1944) * * "[[ເພງຊາດສະຫະພາບໂຊວຽດ]]" * (1944–1991) * (1977 ເນື້ອເພງທີ່ຖືກສະແດງ) * [[File:Soviet Union national anthem instrumental 1977.ogg|center]] }}|common_languages=[[ພາສາລັດເຊຍ]]<ref>''De facto'' ກ່ອນປີ 1990</ref>{{ref|3}}|ethnic_groups={{plainlist| * 70% [[East Slavs]] * 12% [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] * 18% [[Demographics of the Soviet Union|other ethnic groups]] }}|ethnic_groups_year=1989|demonym=[[ຊາວໂຊວຽດ|ໂຊວຽດ]]|currency=ລູເບີລ (руб)|currency_code=SUR|title_leader=[[ລາຍຊື່ຜູ້ນໍາຂອງສະຫະພາບໂຊວຽດ|ຜູ້ນຳ]]|leader1=[[ວາລາດິເມຍ ເລນິນ]]|year_leader1=1922–1924|leader2=[[ໂຈເຊັບ ສະຕາລິນ]]|year_leader2=1924–1953|leader3=[[ນິກິຕາ ຄຣຸສຊອຟ]]|year_leader3=1953–1964|leader4=[[ເລໂອນິດ ແບລັຈເນັບ]]|year_leader4=1964–1982|leader5=[[ຍູຣີ ແອນໂດໂປຟ]]|year_leader5=1982–1984|leader6=[[ຄອນສະຕັນຕິນ ເຊີເນນໂກ]]|year_leader6=1984–1985|leader7=[[ມິຮາອີວ ກໍບາຊອບ]]|year_leader7=1985–1991|area_rank=<nowiki>today=}}</nowiki>|iso3166code=SU|time_zone=([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]+2 to +12)|calling_code=+7|drive_on=right|cctld=[[.su]]{{ref|4}}|HDI_ref=<ref name="HDI">{{cite web |url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/reports/219/hdr_1990_en_complete_nostats.pdf |title=Human Development Report 1990 |year=1990 |accessdate=14 September 2018 |publisher=United Nations Development Programme}}</ref>|HDI=0.920|HDI_Change=increase|HDI_year=1990|gini_change=low|gini_rank=|gini_year=1989|gini=0.275|GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank=28th|GDP_nominal_per_capita=$9,200|title_deputy=[[ນາຍົກລັດຖະມົນຕີສະຫະພາບໂຊວຽດ|ນາຍົກລັດຖະມົນຕີ]]|deputy1=[[ວາລາດິເມຍ ເລນິນ]]|deputy2=[[ອີວານ ຊີລາເຍັຟ]]|year_deputy2=1991 {{small|(last)}}|year_deputy1=1922–1924 {{small|(first)}}|legislature=[[ກອງປະຊຸມໃຫຍ່ຂອງໂຊວຽດ]]<br/>(1922–1938)<br/>[[ຊາຊົນສູງສຸດຂອງໂຊວຽດ]]<br/>(1938–1991)|house1=[[ສັນຊາດຂອງໂຊວຽດ]]|house2=ສະຫະພາບຂອງໂຊວຽດ|area_km2=22,402,200|population_estimate=293 ລ້ານ|population_estimate_rank=ທີ່ 3|population_estimate_year=1991|population_density_km2=8.4|population_density_sq_mi=21.8|p1=ສາທາລະນະລັດປະຊາຊົນບູຮາລັນໂຊວຽດ|flag_p1=Flag of the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic.svg|p2=ສາທາລະນະລັດສັງຄົມນິຍົມໂຊວຽດເບັຍໂລຣັຊເຊີຍ|flag_p2=Flag of the Byelorussian SSR (1919).svg|p3=ປະເທດເອສໂຕເນຍ|flag_p3=Flag of Estonia.svg|p4=ປະເທດຟິນແລນດ໌|flag_p4=Flag of Finland.svg|p5=ສາທາລະນະລັດປະຊາຊົນໂຮເຣັຊໂຊວຽດ|flag_p5=Flag of Khiva 1920-1923.svg|p6=ລາຊະອານາຈັກໂຣມາເນຍ|flag_p6=Flag of Romania.svg|p7=ປະເທດລັດເວຍ|flag_p7=Flag of Latvia.svg|p8=ປະເທດລິທົວເນຍ|flag_p8=Flag of Lithuania (1918-1940).svg|flag_p9=Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg|p10=ສະຫະພັນສາທາລະນະລັດສັງຄົມນິຍົມໂຊວຽດລັດເຊຍ|flag_p10=Flag RSFSR 1918.svg|p11=ສາທາລະນະລັດໂປໂລຍຄັ້ງທີ 2|flag_p11=Flag of Poland (1928–1980).svg|p12=ສະຫະພັນສາທາລະນະລັດສັງຄົມນິຍົມໂຊວຽດທຣານສ໌ໂຄແຄຊັສ|flag_p12=Flag of the Transcaucasian SFSR (variant).svg|p13=ສາທາລະນະລັດປະຊາຊົນຕູວານ|flag_p13=Flag of the Tuvan People's Republic (1943-1944).svg|p14=ສາທາລະນະລັດສັງຄົມນິຍົມໂຊວຽດຢູເຄຣນ|flag_p14=Flag of the Ukrainian SSR (1919-1929).svg|s1=ປະເທດອາກເມນີ|flag_s1=Flag of Armenia.svg|s2=ປະເທດອາແຊກບາຍຊັງ|flag_s2=Flag of Azerbaijan.svg|s3=ປະເທດບີເອໂລລຸດ|flag_s3=Flag of Belarus (1991-1995).svg|s4=ປະເທດເອສໂຕເນຍ|flag_s4=Flag of Estonia.svg|s5=ປະເທດຈໍຣ໌ເຈຍ|flag_s5=Flag of Georgia (1990-2004).svg|s6=ຄາຊັກສະຖານ|flag_s6=Flag of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (1953–1991); Flag of Kazakhstan (1991–1992).svg|s7=ປະເທດຄີຣ໌ກີຊສະຖານ|flag_s7=Flag of Kyrgyzstan (1991-1992).svg|s8=ປະເທດລັດເວຍ|flag_s8=Flag of Latvia.svg|s9=ປະເທດລິທົວເນຍ|flag_s9=Flag of Lithuania (1988–2004).svg|s10=ປະເທດມອລໂດວາ|flag_s10=Flag of Moldova.svg|s11=ປະເທດຣັສເຊຍ|flag_s11=Flag of Russia (1991-1993).svg|s12=ປະເທດທາຈິກິສະຖານ|flag_s12=Flag of Tajikistan 1991-1992.svg|s13=ປະເທດເທີຣ໌ກເມນີສະຖານ|flag_s13=Flag of the Turkmen SSR.svg|s14=ປະເທດຢູເຄຣນ|flag_s14=Flag of Ukraine.svg|s15=ປະເທດອຸຊແບກີສະຖານ|flag_s15=Flag of Uzbekistan.svg|year_start=1922|year_end=1991|footnotes=# {{note|1}}[[:s:ru:Декларация Совета Республик ВС СССР от 26.12.1991 № 142-Н|Declaration № 142-Н]] of the [[Soviet of Nationalities|Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union]], formally establishing the dissolution of the Soviet Union as a state and subject of international law. {{ru icon}} # {{note|2}}Original lyrics used from 1944 to 1956. No lyrics from 1956 to 1977. Revised lyrics from 1977 to 1991. # {{note|3}}All-union official since 1990, constituent republics had the right to declare their own official languages. # {{note|4}}Assigned on 19 September 1990, existing onwards.}} '''ສະຫະພາບສາທາລະນະລັດສັງຄົມນິຍົມໂຊວຽດ''' ({{Lang-ru|Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик - CCCP}}; {{Lang-en|Union of Soviet Socialist Republics – USSR}}) ຊື່ຫຍໍ້ '''ສະຫະພາບໂຊວຽດ''' ({{Lang-en|Soviet Union}}) ແມ່ນລັດທີ່ມີອຳນາດອະທິປະໄຕຂອງລັດຖະບານກາງໃນພາກເໜືອຂອງເອີຣົບເຊິ່ງມີມາແຕ່ປີ 1922 ເຖິງປີ 1991.<ref>Television documentary from CC&C Ideacom Production,"Apocalypse Never-Ending War 1918–1926", part 2, aired at Danish DR K at 22.October 2018</ref> ໃນນາມສະຫະພາບຂອງຫຼາຍລະດັບຊາດ[[ສາທາລະນະລັດສະຫະພາບໂຊວຽດ|ສາທາລະນະລັດໂຊວຽດ]]{{efn|Part III of the [[1977 Soviet Constitution]] "THE NATIONAL-STATE STRUCTURE OF THE USSR"}} ໃນພາກປະຕິບັດລັດຖະບານແລະເສດຖະກິດຂອງມັນໄດ້ເປັນໃຈກາງສູງ ປະເທດນີ້ແມ່ນ[[ພັກລັດ|ລັດໜຶ່ງດຽວ]] ປົກຄອງໂດຍພັກຄອມມູນິດກັບມົສກູເປັນນະຄອນຫຼວງໃນສາທາລະນະລັດທີ່ໃຫຍ່ທີ່ສຸດ [[ສາທາລະນະລັດສັງຄົມນິຍົມລັດຖະບານກາງໂຊວຽດລັດເຊຍ]] ເຂດຕົວເມືອງໃຫຍ່ອື່ນໆແມ່ນຢູ່[[ເຊັນຕ໌ປີເຕີຣ໌ສະເບິຣ໌ກ|ແລນິນກຣາດ]] [[ນະຄອນຫຼວງຄຽຟ|ຄຽຟ]] [[ມິນສຄ໌]] [[ທາຊເຄັນຕ໌]] [[ອາລມາຕີ|ອາລມາອາຕາ]] ແລະ[[ນໍວໍຊີບີສຄ໌]] ຍາວກວ່າ 10,000 ກິໂລແມັດ (6,200 ໄມ) ທິດຕາເວັນອອກຫາທິດຕາເວັນຕົກໃນທົ່ວ[[ເຂດເວລາ]] 11 ແຫ່ງ ແລະຫຼາຍກວ່າ 7,200 ກິໂລແມັດ (4,500 ໄມ) ເໜືອໄປທາງໃຕ້ ອານາເຂດລວມມີ[[ເອີຣົບຕາເວັນອອກ]] ເປັນສ່ວນໜຶ່ງຂອງ[[ເອີຣົບພາກເໜືອ]]ແລະທັງ[[ອາຊີພາກເໜືອ|ພາກເໜືອ]]ແລະ[[ອາຊີກາງ]] ມີ 5 ເຂດອາກາດ : [[ທຸນດຣາ]] [[ໄທກາ]] [[ທົ່ງຫຍ້າສະເຕັປ|ສະເຕັປ]] [[ທະ​ເລ​ຊາຍ]] ແລະ[[ພູ]] ສະຫະພາບໂຊວຽດມີຮາກຖານຂອງ[[ການປະຕິວັດເດືອນຕຸລາ]]ປີ ໑໙໑໗ ເມື່ອ[[ໂບເຊວິກ]] ນຳພາໂດຍ[[ວາລາດິເມຍ ເລນິນ]] ໂຄ່ນລົ້ມ[[ລັດຖະບານຊົ່ວຄາວຣັດເຊຍ]] ເຊິ່ງໄດ້ປ່ຽນແທນລະບອບຜະເດັດການທີ່ເປັນເອກກະລາດຂອງ[[ຈັກກະພັດນິໂກລັສທີ່ 2|ຊາຣ໌ ນິໂຄລັສທີ່ ໒]] ໃນລະຫວ່າງ[[ສົງຄາມໂລກຄັ້ງທີໜື່ງ|ສົງຄາມໂລກຄັ້ງທີ 1]] ໃນປີ ໑໙໒໒ ພາຍຫຼັງ[[ສົງຄາມກາງເມືອງລັດເຊຍ|ສົງຄາມກາງເມືອງ]]ສິ້ນສຸດລົງໃນໄຊຊະນະໂບລເຊວິກ ສະຫະພາບໂຊວຽດໄດ້ຖືກສ້າງຕັ້ງຂຶ້ນໂດຍ[[ສົນທິສັນຍາການສ້າງສະຫະພາບໂຊວຽດ|ສົນທິສັນຍາ]]ທີ່ເປັນເອກະພາບ[[ສາທາລະນະລັດສັງຄົມນິຍົມສະຫະພັນໂຊວຽດລັດເຊຍ|ລັດເຊຍ]], [[ສາທາລະນະລັດສັງຄົມນິຍົມລັດຖະບານກາງໂຊວຽດທຣານສ໌ໂຄແຄຊັສ|ທຣານສ໌ໂຄແຄຊັສ]], [[ສາທາລະນະລັດສັງຄົມນິຍົມຢູເຄຣນໂຊວຽດ|ອູແກຣນ]], ແລະ[[ສາທາລະນະລັດສັງຄົມນິຍົມໂຊວຽດເບລາຣຸສ|ບີເອໂລລຸດ]] ປະຕິບັດຕາມການເສຍຊີວິດຂອງເລນິນໃນປີ ໑໙໒໔ ແລະການຕໍ່ສູ້ກັບພະລັງງານໂດຍຫຍໍ້ [[ໂຈແຊັຟ ສະຕາລິນ]]ໄດ້ເຂົ້າກຳອຳນາດໃນກາງຊຸມປີ ໑໙໒໐ ສະຕາລິນໄດ້ເຮັດໃຫ້ອຸດົມການຂອງພັກກອມມູນິດຂອງ[[ລັດທິມາກຊ໌-ເລນິນ]] ແລະທົດແທນ[[ນະໂຍບາຍເສດຖະກິດໃໝ່|ເສດຖະກິດຕະຫຼາດ]]ກັບເສດຖະກິດຄໍາສັ່ງເຊິ່ງເຮັດໃຫ້ໄລຍະເວລາຂອງການຫັນເປັນ[[ອຸດສາຫະກຳໃນສະຫະພາບໂຊວຽດ|ອຸດສາຫະກຳຢ່າງໄວວາ]]ແລະການເກັບກຳຂໍ້ມູນ ໃນໄລຍະນີ້ ການພັດທະນາເສດຖະກິດຢ່າງໄວວາສົ່ງຜົນໃຫ້ມີການປັບປຸງຢ່າງຫຼວງຫຼາຍໃນມາດຕະຖານສະເລ່ຍຂອງການດຳລົງຊີວິດໂດຍສະເພາະໃນເຂດຕົວເມືອງ<ref>{{cite journal|title=Reassessing the Standard of Living in the Soviet Union: An Analysis Using Archival and Anthropometric Data|journal=Williams College|date=July 2008}}</ref> ເຖິງວ່າຈະມີການປັບປຸງເຫຼົ່ານີ້ຄວາມໂສກເສົ້າທີ່ສຳຄັນກໍ່ເກີດຂື້ນ ນອກຈາກໄພແຫ້ງແລ້ງ ເຊິ່ງເປັນປັດໃຈຫຼັກໃນ[[ໄພແຫ້ງແລ້ງແລະຄວາມອຶດຢາກໃນລັດເຊຍແລະສະຫະພາບໂຊວຽດ|ປະຫວັດສາດທີ່ຍາວນານຂອງຄວາມອຶດຢາກທີ່ເກີດຂື້ນເລື້ອຍໆໃນພາກພື້ນ]] ການເກັບກຳກະສິກຳໄດ້ປະກອບສ່ວນເຂົ້າໃນ[[ຄວາມອຶດຢາກໂຊວຽດໃນປີ ໑໙໓໒-໑໙໓໓|ຄວາມອຶດຢາກທີ່ສຳຄັນໃນປີ ໑໙໓໒-໓໓]] ເຮັດໃຫ້ມີຜູ້ເສຍຊີວິດຫລາຍລ້ານຄົນ ຄວາມວິຕົກກັງວົນທາງການເມືອງ ໂດຍສະເພາະຫຼັງຈາກການເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນຂອງ[[ນາຊີເຢຍລະມັນ]]ໃນປີ ໑໙໓໓ ປິດທ້າຍໃນ[[ການເກັບກູ້ໃຫຍ່]] ໃນໄລຍະທີ່ຫຼາຍຮ້ອຍຄົນພັນຂອງບຸກຄົນຖືກກ່າວຫາວ່າສອດແນມຫລືທຳຮ້າຍໄດ້ຖືກຈັບແລະປະຫານຊີວິດໂດຍບໍ່ມີການດຳເນີນຄະດີ<ref name="Thurston">{{cite book|last=Thurston|first=Robert W.|date=1998|title=Life and Terror in Stalin's Russia, 1934–1941|url=https://archive.org/details/lifeterrorinstal0000robe|location=|publisher=[[Yale University Press]]|page=[https://archive.org/details/lifeterrorinstal0000robe/page/139 139]|isbn=978-0-300-07442-0|author-link=Robert W. Thurston}}</ref> ໃນວັນທີ ໒໓ ສິງຫາ ໑໙໓໙ ຫຼັງຈາກຄວາມພະຍາຍາມທີ່ບໍ່ປະສົບຜົນສຳເລັດໃນການສ້າງພັນທະມິດຕ້ານຟາຊິດກັບອຳນາດຕາເວັນຕົກ<ref>Michael Jabara Carley. End of the 'Low, Dishonest Decade': Failure of the Anglo-Franco-Soviet Alliance in 1939. ''Europe-Asia Studies'', Vol. 45, No. 2 (1993), pp. 303-341. Stable URL: [https://www.jstor.org/stable/152863]</ref> ໂຊວຽດຖືກໄດ້ເຊັນ[[ສົນທິສັນຍາໂມໂລໂຕຟ-ຣີເບັນທຣັອບ|ຂໍ້ຕົກລົງທີ່ບໍ່ມີການຮຸກຮານກັບນາຊີເຢຍລະມັນ]]<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Molotov's Apprenticeship in Foreign Policy: The Triple Alliance Negotiations in 1939|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_europe-asia-studies_2000-06_52_4/page/695|journal=Europe-Asia Studies|volume=52|issue=4|pages=695–722|jstor=153322|last1=Watson|first1=Derek|year=2000|doi=10.1080/713663077}}</ref> ຫຼັງຈາກການ[[ການຮົກຮານຂອງໂປໂລຍ|ເລີ່ມຕົ້ນຂອງສົງຄາມໂລກຄັ້ງທີສອງ]] ລັດເຊຍທີ່ເປັນກາງກ່ອນໜ້ານີ້ໄດ້ບຸກເຂົ້າໄປໃນດິນແດນຂອງຫຼາຍໆປະເທດເອີຣົບຕາເວັນອອກ ລວມທັງ[[ການບຸກລຸກໂປແລນຂອງສະຫະພາບໂຊວຽດ|ໂປໂລຍ]] ແລະ[[ການຢຶດຄອງຂອງໂຊວຽດໃນລັດບອລຕິກ|ລັດບອລຕິກ]] ໃນເດືອນມິຖຸນາ ໑໙໔໑ ເຢຍລະມັນ[[ການປະຕິບັດງານບາຣ໌ບາໂຣຊາ|ບຸກໂຈມຕີສະຫະພາບໂຊວຽດ]] ເປີດ[[ແນວໜ້າຕາເວັນອອກ (ສົງຄາມໂລກຄັ້ງທີ່ສອງ)|ໂຮງລະຄອນສົງຄາມຢ່າງກວ້າງຂວາງແລະມີເລືອດທີ່ສຸດ]]ໃນປະຫວັດສາດ [[ອຸປະຕິເຫດສົງຄາມໂລກຄັ້ງທີສອງຂອງສະຫະພາບໂຊວຽດ|ຜູ້ບາດເຈັບລົ້ມຕາຍຂອງໂຊວຽດ]]ມີອັດຕາສ່ວນສູງທີ່ສຸດ ສົງຄາມໃນຄວາມພະຍາຍາມຂອງການໄດ້ມາ ມືຂ້າງເທິງກໍາລັງແກນ ໃນການສູ້ຮົບທີ່ຮຸນແຮງເຊັ່ນ[[ຮົບຂອງສະຕາລິນກຣາດ|ສະຕາລິນກຣາດ]]ແລະ[[ຮົບຂອງຄູສກ໌|ຄູສກ໌]] ໃນສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ຂອງອານາເຂດທີ່ຄອບຄອງໂດຍກອງທັບແດງຫຼັງຈາກການກ້າວໜ້າທາງຕາເວັນຕົກຂອງມັນ ຄອມມິວນິດທ້ອງຖິ່ນໄດ້ເຂົ້າກຳອຳນາດແລະສ້າງຕັ້ງລັດຖະບານທີ່ເປັນພັນທະມິດກັບສະຫະພາບໂຊວຽດ ພາກສ່ວນຫລັງສົງຄາມຂອງເອີຣົບເປັນທຶນນິຍົມແລະຄອມມິວນິດເຮັດໃຫ້ມີຄວາມເຄັ່ງຕຶງເພີ່ມຂື້ນກັບນຳໂດຍ[[ສະຫະລັດອາເມລິກາ]][[ກຸ່ມຕາເວັນຕົກ]] ທີ່ຮູ້ຈັກເປັນ[[ສົງຄາມເຢັນ]] ສະຕາລິນ[[ການເສຍຊີວິດແລະການກູນີ້ລະຊົ່ວຂອງລັດຂອງໂຈເຊັບ ສະຕາລິນ|ເສຍຊີວິດໃນປີ ໑໙໕໓]] ແລະໃນທີ່ສຸດກໍ່ປະສົບຜົນສຳເລັດໂດຍ[[ນີກີຕາ ຄລຸຊຊອຟ]] ຜູ້ທີ່ໃນປີ 1956 [[ກ່ຽວກັບການປູກຝັງຂອງບຸກຄະລິກກະພາບແລະຜົນສະທ້ອນຂອງມັນ|ປະນາມສະຕາລິນ]] ແລະໄດ້ເລີ່ມຕົ້ນໄລຍະເວລາຂອງການປະຕິຮູບເສລີພາບທີ່ເອີ້ນວ່າ [[De-Stalinization]] [[ວິກິດການລູກສອນໄຟຂອງກູບາ]]ເກີດຂື້ນໃນລະຫວ່າງກົດລະບຽບຄລຸຊຊອຟ ເຊິ່ງແມ່ນໜຶ່ງໃນຫຼາຍປັດໃຈທີ່ເຮັດໃຫ້ລາວຖືກກຳຈັດໃນປີ ໑໙໖໔ ໃນຕົ້ນຊຸມປີ ໑໙໗໐ ໄດ້ມີການຜ່ອນຄາຍການພົວພັນກັບສະຫະລັດອາເມລິກາໂດຍຫຍໍ້ ແຕ່ວ່າຄວາມເຄັ່ງຕຶງໄດ້ເລີ່ມຕົ້ນກັບ[[ສົງຄາມໂຊວຽດ-ອັຟການິສະຖານ]]ໃນປີ ໑໙໗໙ ໃນປີ ໑໙໘໕ ນາຍົກລັດຖະມົນຕີໂຊວຽດຄົນສຸດທ້າຍ [[ມິຄາອິລ ໂກບາເຊັຟ]] ຊອກຫາວິທີການປະຕິຮູບແລະເປີດເສລີທາງເສດຖະກິດໂດຍຜ່ານນະໂຍບາຍຂອງລາວຂອງ[[ກລາສໂນສຕ໌|''ກລາສໂນສຕ໌'']] (ການເປີດກວ້າງ) ແລະ[[ເປເຣັສໂຕຣຍກາ|''ເປເຣັສໂຕຣຍກາ'']] (ການສ້າງໂຄງປະກອບຄືນໃໝ່) ນະໂຍບາຍເຫລົ່ານີ້ໄດ້ເຮັດໃຫ້ເກີດຄວາມບໍ່ສະຫງົບທາງດ້ານການເມືອງທີ່ເກີດຂື້ນຈາກການເຄື່ອນໄຫວຂອງຊາດແລະການແບ່ງແຍກ ໃນປີ ໑໙໘໙ ໂຊວຽດແລະລັດພັນທະມິດໃນ[[ເອີຣົບຕາເວັນອອກ]] ໄດ້ຖືກໂຄ່ນລົ້ມໃນ[[ປະຕິວັດໃນປີ 1989|ຄື້ນຂອງການປະຕິວັດ]] ເຊິ່ງສິ້ນສຸດການປົກຄອງຄອມມິວນິດ == ອ້າງອິງ == <references /><references group="lower-alpha" />{{ໂຄງປະເທດ}} og89h5ib7tcku65k6ttgcwwhbed4a20 0 16018 130095 129716 2026-08-20T19:52:29Z InternetArchiveBot 13695 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 130095 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Lovely model - Tricia from Singapore -Bikini.jpg|thumb|ບິກິນີ]] '''ບິກິນີ''' ແມ່ນ ຊຸດລອຍນ້ ຳ ສຳ ລັບຜູ້ຍິງປະ ກອບດ້ວຍຜ້າສອງສາມຫລ່ຽມຢູ່ເທິງ, ຄ້າຍກັບ ເສື້ອກັນ ໜາວ ແລະປົກຫຸ້ມ ເຕົ້ານົມ ຂອງຜູ້ຍິງ , ແລະຜ້າສອງສາມຫລ່ຽມຢູ່ດ້ານລຸ່ມ, ດ້ານ ໜ້າ ປົກຄຸມ ກະດານ ແຕ່ເປີດສາຍບື, ແລະດ້ານຫລັງ ປົກຄຸມ ກົ້ນ . [1] [2] ຂະ ໜາດ ຂອງດ້ານເທິງແລະດ້ານລຸ່ມສາມາດແຕກຕ່າງຈາກການປົກຄຸມຂອງເຕົ້ານົມ, ກະດູກແຂນແລະກົ້ນ, ຈົນເຖິງການອອກແບບທີ່ເປີດເຜີຍຫຼາຍຂື້ນເຊັ່ນ: ທອງ ຫຼື G-string ທີ່ປົກຄຸມພຽງແຕ່ areolae ແລະ mons pubis , ແຕ່ຈະເປີດເຜີຍ ກົ້ນ. ໃນເດືອນພຶດສະພາປີ 1946, ນັກອອກແບບແຟຊັ່ນ Parisian Jacques Heim ໄດ້ ອອກແບບຊຸດລອຍນໍ້າສອງສິ້ນທີ່ລາວໃສ່ຊື່ວ່າ Atome. [3] ຄ້າຍຄືຊຸດລອຍນ້ ຳ ຂອງຍຸກສະ ໄໝ, ມັນປົກຄຸມສາຍບືຂອງຜູ້ຄົນ, ແລະມັນບໍ່ໄດ້ດຶງດູດຄວາມສົນໃຈຫຼາຍ. ຜູ້ອອກແບບເສື້ອຜ້າ Louis Réardໄດ້ ແນະ ນຳ ການອອກແບບ ໃໝ່ ທີ່ນ້ອຍກວ່າຂອງລາວໃນເດືອນກໍລະກົດ. [4] ລາວຕັ້ງຊື່ຊຸດລອຍນໍ້າດັ່ງກ່າວພາຍຫຼັງ Bikini Atoll , ບ່ອນທີ່ການທົດລອງ ລະເບີດນິວເຄຼຍ ຄັ້ງ ທຳ ອິດ ເກີດຂື້ນພຽງແຕ່ 4 ມື້ກ່ອນ. ການອອກແບບ skimpy ຂອງລາວແມ່ນລຸກຂື້ນ, ເປີດເຜີຍສາຍບືຂອງຜູ້ຄົນແລະກົ້ນຂອງນາງຫຼາຍ. No ແບບ runway ຈະໃສ່ມັນ, ດັ່ງນັ້ນເຂົາຈ້າງເປັນ ນັກເຕັ້ນລໍາ nude , ລົງກອນ Bernardini , ຈາກ ຄາສິໂນ de Parisສ້າງແບບຈໍາລອງໃນການທົບທວນແຟຊັ່ນຊຸດລອຍນໍ້າ. [5] ຍ້ອນການອອກແບບທີ່ມີການຖົກຖຽງແລະເປີດເຜີຍ, ຊຸດແຕ່ງກາຍໄດ້ຖືກຍອມຮັບຢ່າງຊ້າໆຈາກປະຊາຊົນ. ຊຸດລອຍນ້ ຳ ໄດ້ຮັບການເປີດເຜີຍແລະຍອມຮັບເພີ່ມຂື້ນເປັນ ຮູບເງົາທີ່ ຄ້າຍຄືກັບ Brigitte Bardot , Raquel Welch , ແລະ Ursula Andress ໃສ່ພວກເຂົາແລະໄດ້ຖືກຖ່າຍຮູບຢູ່ຫາດຊາຍສາທາລະນະແລະເບິ່ງໃນຮູບເງົາ. ໃນຫລາຍປະເທດການອອກແບບດັ່ງກ່າວຖືກຫ້າມບໍ່ໃຫ້ອອກຈາກຫາດຊາຍແລະສະຖານທີ່ສາທາລະນະອື່ນໆ. [6] ການອອກແບບຊຸດກະໂປ່ງນ້ອຍໆໄດ້ກາຍເປັນເລື່ອງທົ່ວໄປໃນບັນດາປະເທດຕາເວັນຕົກສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ໃນກາງຊຸມປີ 1960 ຍ້ອນວ່າທັງ ຊຸດລອຍນ້ ຳ ແລະ ຊຸດຊັ້ນໃນ . ຮອດທ້າຍສະຕະວັດທີ 20 ມັນຖືກ ນຳ ໃຊ້ຢ່າງກວ້າງຂວາງເປັນ ຊຸດກິລາ ໃນ ບານສົ່ງຫາດຊາຍ ແລະການອອກ ກຳ ລັງກາຍ . ມີຈໍານວນຂອງທີ່ທັນສະໄຫມແມ່ນ ການປ່ຽນແປງ stylistic ຂອງການອອກແບບການນໍາໃຊ້ເພື່ອຈຸດປະສົງການຕະຫຼາດແລະເປັນການແບ່ງປະເພດອຸດສາຫະກໍາ, ລວມທັງ monokini , microkini , TANKINI- ເສື້ອຕົວຍາວ , trikini , pubikini ແລະ skirtini . ຊຸດລອຍນ້ ຳ ສັ້ນໆ ສຳ ລັບ ຜູ້ຊາຍ ອາດຈະຖືກເອີ້ນວ່າຊຸດລອຍນໍ້າ. [2] ຄ້າຍຄືກັນ, ຊຸດຊັ້ນໃນຂອງຜູ້ຊາຍແລະຜູ້ຍິງແມ່ນຖືກອະທິບາຍວ່າເປັນຊຸດຊັ້ນໃນຂອງຜູ້ຊາຍ. ຊຸດກະໂປ່ງໄດ້ຄ່ອຍໆໄດ້ຮັບຄວາມຍອມຮັບຢ່າງກວ້າງຂວາງຈາກ ສັງຄົມຕາເວັນຕົກ . ໃນຕົ້ນຊຸມປີ 2000, bikinis ໄດ້ກາຍເປັນທຸລະກິດ 811 ລ້ານໂດລາສະຫະລັດຕໍ່ປີ, ແລະໄດ້ເພີ່ມທະວີການບໍລິການແບບ ໝູນ ວຽນເຊັ່ນ: ການ ຖັກແສ່ວ ແລະການກັນ ແດດ . [7] == Etymology and terminology == While the two-piece swimsuit as a design existed in [[classical antiquity]],<ref name=Agrawala>{{cite book|last=Agrawala|first=P.K.|title=Goddesses in Ancient India|year=1983|publisher=Humanities Press|location=Atlantic Highlands, N.J.|isbn=978-0-391-02960-6|edition=first |page=12 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8BmDIbNuD0gC&pg=PA12}}</ref> the modern design first attracted public notice in Paris on July 5, 1946.<ref name=BBCW>Kathryn Westcott, "[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/5130460.stm The Bikini: Not a brief affair]", BBC News, June 5, 2006</ref> French automotive engineer [[Louis Réard]] introduced a design he named the "bikini", adopting the name from the [[Bikini Atoll]] in the Pacific Ocean,<ref name="HistC">{{cite web |url=http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/bikini-introduced |title=Bikini Introduced |accessdate=September 17, 2008 |publisher=[[A&E Television Networks]]}}</ref><ref name="Guardian">{{cite news |first=Paula |last=Cocozza |title=A little piece of history |url=https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2006/jun/10/sttropez.filminspiredtravel.france.culturaltrips |work=The Guardian |location=UK |date=June 10, 2006 |accessdate=September 17, 2008 | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080927104351/http://www.guardian.co.uk/travel/2006/jun/10/sttropez.filminspiredtravel.france.culturaltrips?gusrc=rss&feed=travel| archivedate= September 27, 2008| url-status= live}}</ref> which was the colonial name the Germans gave to the atoll, transliterated from the [[Marshallese language|Marshallese]] name for the island, {{lang|mh|Pikinni}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.trussel2.com/MOD/LocP.htm#Pikinni|title=Marshallese-English Dictionary - Place Name Index|website=www.trussel2.com|access-date=July 23, 2016}}</ref> Four days earlier, the United States had initiated its first peacetime [[nuclear weapon design|nuclear weapons]] [[nuclear testing|test]] [[Nuclear testing at Bikini Atoll|at Bikini Atoll]] as part of [[Operation Crossroads]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Anatomy of an A-Bomb Test, 1946|url=http://life.time.com/history/able-and-baker-photos-from-atomic-bomb-tests-july-1946/|work=Life|accessdate=November 21, 2012|quote=In July 1946, the United States conducted two atomic tests at Bikini Atoll in the Pacific.|date=October 31, 2012|archive-date=ກໍລະກົດ 29, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729173856/http://life.time.com/history/able-and-baker-photos-from-atomic-bomb-tests-july-1946/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Réard hoped his swimsuit's revealing style would create an "explosive commercial and cultural reaction" similar to the explosion at Bikini Atoll.<ref>{{cite news|title=The History of the Bikini|url=http://content.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,1908353_1905440,00.html|work=Time|accessdate=August 20, 2013|date=July 3, 2009|archive-date=ກັນຍາ 30, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130930070902/http://content.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,1908353_1905440,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.randomhistory.com/1-50/002bikini.html |title=Tiny Swimsuit That Rocked the World: A History of the Bikini |publisher=Randomhistory.com |date=May 1, 2007 |accessdate=December 3, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120808002739/http://www.randomhistory.com/1-50/002bikini.html |archive-date=August 8, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Brij V. Lal|author2=Kate Fortune|title=The Pacific Islands: an Encyclopedia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T5pPpJl8E5wC&pg=PA259|accessdate=July 5, 2011|year=2000|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|isbn=978-0-8248-2265-1|page=259}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Ruth Foster|title=Nonfiction Reading Comprehension: Social Studies, Grade 5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5bWfeLfg_FoC&pg=PA130|accessdate=July 5, 2011|date=June 2007|publisher=Teacher Created Resources|isbn=978-1-4206-8030-0|page=130}}</ref> By making an analogy with words like ''bilingual'' and ''bilateral'' containing the Latin prefix "[[bi-]]" (meaning "two" in Latin), the word ''bikini'' was first [[Back-derivation|back-derived]] as consisting of two parts, [''bi'' + ''kini''] by [[Rudi Gernreich]], who introduced the [[monokini]] in 1964.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gold|first=David L.|title=Studies in Etymology and Etiology|pages=100–101|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l015C5vm1XkC&pg=PA100|year=2009|publisher=Universidad de Alicante|isbn=978-84-7908-517-9}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Alac|first=Patrik|title=Bikini Story|year=2012|publisher=Parkstone International|isbn=978-1-78042-951-9|page=68|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SIj_GBl5sAoC&pg=PA68&q=Rudi%20Gernreich%201964%20monokini}}</ref> Later swimsuit designs like the [[tankini]] and [[trikini]] further cemented this derivation.<ref>{{cite book|author=Gurmit Singh|author2=Ishtla Singh|title=The History of English|pages=13–14|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=taEnAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA13&q=bikini%20latin%20prefix%20back%20formation|year=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-4441-1924-4}}</ref> Over time the "''–kini'' family" (as dubbed by author [[William Safire]]<ref>William Safire, ''No Uncertain Terms'', page 291, Simon & Schuster, 2003, {{ISBN|0-7432-4955-0}}</ref>), including the "''–ini'' sisters" (as dubbed by designer Anne Cole<ref>Trish Donnally, "[http://www.sfgate.com/entertainment/article/Inis-Are-In-Bikini-s-little-sisters-have-2930316.php "Inis" Are In]", ''San Francisco Chronicle'', May 18, 1999</ref>), expanded into a variety of swimwear including the monokini (also known as a numokini or unikini), seekini, [[tankini]], camikini, hikini (also hipkini), minikini, [[face-kini]], [[burkini]], and [[microkini]].<ref name=barryJ>{{cite book|first=Barry J. |last=Blake |title=Playing with Words: Humour in the English Language | page=59 |publisher= Equinox |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-84553-330-4}}</ref> The ''[[Language Report]]'', compiled by lexicographer [[Susie Dent]] and published by the [[Oxford University Press]] (OUP) in 2003, considers lexicographic inventions like bandeaukini and camkini, two variants of the tankini, important to observe.<ref>"[http://www.articlearchives.com/humanities-social-science/language-languages/644034-1.html The Language Report: The ultimate record of what we're saying and how we're saying it] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005073022/http://www.articlearchives.com/humanities-social-science/language-languages/644034-1.html |date=October 5, 2015 }}", ''Science News'' (from ''Article Archive''), August 7, 2004</ref> Although "bikini" was originally a registered trademark of Réard, it has since become [[generic trademark|genericized]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.businessinsider.com/15-words-you-had-no-idea-used-to-be-brand-names-2010-9?IR=T#bikini-2 | title=15 Words You Had No Idea Used To Be Brand Names <nowiki>|</nowiki> Bikini | work=[[Business Insider]] | accessdate=May 8, 2016}}</ref> Variations of the term are used to describe [[Bikini variant|stylistic variations]] for promotional purposes and industry classifications, including monokini, [[microkini]], [[tankini]], [[trikini]], [[pubikini]], [[bandeaukini]] and [[skirtini]]. A man's [[Swim briefs|brief swimsuit]] may also be referred to as a bikini.<ref name="Bikini"/> Similarly, a variety of men's and women's underwear types are described as bikini underwear. ==ປະຫວັດການ== ===ໃນເກົ່າແກ່=== [[File:Mosaïque des bikinis, Piazza Armerina.jpg|thumb|The ancient Roman [[Villa Romana del Casale]] (286–305&nbsp;AD) in [[Sicily]] contains one of the earliest known illustrations of a bikini.]] Archaeologist [[James Mellaart]] described the earliest bikini-like costume in [[Çatalhöyük]], [[Anatolia]] in the [[Chalcolithic]] era (around 5600&nbsp;BC), where a mother goddess is depicted astride two leopards wearing a costume somewhat like a bikini.<ref name=Agrawala /><ref>Lucy Goodison and Christine Morris, ''Ancient Goddesses: The Myths and the Evidence'', page 46, University of Wisconsin Press, 1998, {{ISBN|978-0-299-16320-4}}</ref> The two-piece swimsuit can be traced back to the [[Greco-Roman world]], where bikini-like garments worn by women athletes are depicted on [[urns]] and paintings dating back to 1400&nbsp;BC.<ref>{{cite book |first1=Peter J. |last1=James |first2=I. J. |last2=Thorpe |first3=Nick |last3=Thorpe |title=Ancient Inventions |page=[https://archive.org/details/ancientinvention00jame/page/279 279] |publisher=Ballantine Books |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-345-40102-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/ancientinvention00jame/page/279 }}</ref> In ''Coronation of the Winner,'' a [[mosaic]] in the floor of a [[Roman villa]] in [[Sicily]] that dates from the [[Diocletianic Persecution|Diocletian period]] (286–305&nbsp;AD), young women participate in weightlifting, discus throwing, and running ball games dressed in bikini-like garments (technically bandeaukinis in modern lexicon).<ref name=BBCW /><ref name=VilCas>{{cite web |url=http://www.valdinoto.com/english/villa_romana_del_casale.htm |title=Villa Romana del Casale|publisher=Val di Noto|accessdate=August 29, 2013}}</ref> The mosaic, found in the [[Sicily|Sicilian]] [[Villa Romana del Casale]], features ten maidens who have been anachronistically dubbed the "[[Villa Romana del Casale#Bikini mosaic|Bikini Girls]]".<ref name="Guttmann 1991 38">{{cite book |first=Allen |last=Guttmann |title=Women's Sports: A History |url=https://archive.org/details/womenssports00alle |url-access=registration |page=[https://archive.org/details/womenssports00alle/page/38 38] |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=1991 |isbn= 978-0-231-06957-1}}</ref><ref name="Villa Romana del Casale">{{cite web |url=http://www.worldheritagesite.org/sites/villaromanadelcasale.html |title=Villa Romana del Casale |publisher=World Heritage Sites |accessdate=March 7, 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081223110444/http://www.worldheritagesite.org/sites/villaromanadelcasale.html |archivedate=December 23, 2008 |df=mdy }}</ref> Other [[Roman Empire|Roman]] archaeological finds depict the goddess [[Venus (mythology)|Venus]] in a similar garment. In [[Pompeii]], depictions of Venus wearing a bikini were discovered in the Casa della Venere,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stoa.org/gallery/allison|title=Pompeian Households: Image Gallery|publisher=The Stoa Consortium, Center for Hellenic Studies, Harvard University|accessdate=March 7, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205075357/http://www.stoa.org/gallery/allison|archive-date=February 5, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stoa.org/gallery/albums.php|title=Stoa Image Gallery|publisher=The Stoa Consortium, Center for Hellenic Studies, Harvard University|accessdate=March 7, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015205200/http://www.stoa.org/gallery/albums.php|archive-date=October 15, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Penelope M. Allison|url=http://www.stoa.org/projects/ph/rooms?houseid=13 |title=Pompeian Households: Information concerning the rooms in Casa della Venere in Bikini|accessdate=March 7, 2015}}</ref> in the ''[[tablinum]]'' of the [[House of Julia Felix]],<ref>{{cite book |first1= Mary |last1= Beard |first2= John |last2= Henderson |title= Classical Art |page= [https://archive.org/details/classicalartfrom00bear/page/116 116] |publisher= Oxford University Press |year= 2001 |isbn= 978-0-19-284237-4 |url= https://archive.org/details/classicalartfrom00bear/page/116 }}</ref> and in an [[Atrium (architecture)|atrium]] garden of [[House of Loreius Tiburtinus|Via Dell'Abbondanza]].<ref>{{cite book |first1= Elisabeth B. |last1= MacDougall |first2=Wilhelmina Mary |last2= Feemster |title= Ancient Roman Gardens |page=38 |publisher= Dumbarton Oaks |year= 1979 |isbn=978-0-88402-100-1}}</ref> ===ເຄື່ອງ ສຳ ອາງເບື້ອງຕົ້ນໃນພາກຕາເວັນຕົກ=== {{multiple image | align = left | direction = vertical | header = Evolution | image1 = Bathing Beauties (cropped).jpg | caption1 = Loose [[chemise]]s from the 1900s | width1 = 170 | image2 = AKellermanUnitard1909.JPG | width2 = 170 | caption2 = [[Annette Kellerman]] started the form-fitting swimwear trend, 1909 | image3 = Jane Wyman,1935 (cropped).jpg | width3 = 170 | caption3 = Actress [[Jane Wyman]] in beachwear that bares legs and midriff, 1935 }} Swimming or bathing outdoors was discouraged in the [[Christian West]], so there was little demand or need for swimming or bathing costumes until the 18th century. The bathing gown of the 18th century was a loose ankle-length full-sleeve [[chemise]]-type gown made of wool or flannel that retained coverage and modesty.<ref name=claud>Claudia B. Kidwell, ''[http://www.gutenberg.org/files/37586/37586-h/37586-h.htm Women's Bathing and Swimming Costume in the United States]'', Smithsonian Institution Press, City of Washington, 1968</ref> In 1907, Australian swimmer and performer [[Annette Kellerman]] was arrested on a [[Boston]] beach for wearing form-fitting sleeveless one-piece knitted swimming tights that covered her from neck to toe, a costume she adopted from England,<ref name=claud /> although it became accepted swimsuit attire for women in parts of Europe by 1910.<ref>Liz Conor, ''The spectacular modern woman: feminine visibility in the 1920s'', page 152, Indiana University Press, 2004, {{ISBN|0-253-34391-7}}</ref> In 1913, designer [[Carl Jantzen]] made the first functional two-piece swimwear. Inspired by the introduction of females into Olympic swimming he designed a close-fitting costume with shorts for the bottom and short sleeves for the top.<ref name=heritage>{{cite web|url=http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/web/20060705-bikini-swimming-suit-louis-reard-micheline-bernardini-paris-brigitte-bardot.shtml|accessdate=November 13, 2007|publisher=American Heritage Inc.|title=60 Years of Bikinis|author=Hoover, Elizabeth D.|date=July 5, 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070909195749/http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/web/20060705-bikini-swimming-suit-louis-reard-micheline-bernardini-paris-brigitte-bardot.shtml |archivedate=September 9, 2007}}</ref> During the 1920s and 1930s, people began to shift from "taking in the water" to "taking in the sun", at bathhouses and spas, and swimsuit designs shifted from functional considerations to incorporate more decorative features. [[Rayon]] was used in the 1920s in the manufacture of tight-fitting swimsuits,<ref name=sydelle>{{cite web|last=Sydelle|first=John|title=The Swimsuit Industry|url=http://smallbusiness.chron.com/swimsuit-industry-18779.html |work=The Houston Chronicle |accessdate=August 29, 2013}}</ref> but its durability, especially when wet, proved problematic.<ref name="Kadolph">{{cite book|title=Textiles|url=https://archive.org/details/textiles0000kado_y2s1|edition=9|author1=Kadolph, Sara J. |author2=Langford, Anna L. |lastauthoramp=yes |publisher=Prentice Hall|isbn=978-0-13-025443-6|year=2001}}</ref> [[Jersey (fabric)|Jersey]] and [[silk]] were also sometimes used.<ref>R. Turner Wilcox, ''The Mode in Costume'', page 424, Courier Corporation, 2008, {{ISBN|978-0-486-46820-4}}</ref> By the 1930s, manufacturers had lowered necklines in the back, removed sleeves, and tightened the sides. With the development of new clothing materials, particularly [[latex]] and [[nylon]], swimsuits gradually began hugging the body through the 1930s, with shoulder straps that could be lowered for tanning.<ref>[[Bronwyn Labrum]], Fiona McKergow and Stephanie Gibson, ''Looking Flash'', page 166, Auckland University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|978-1-86940-397-3}}</ref> Women's swimwear of the 1930s and 1940s incorporated increasing degrees of [[midriff exposure]]. The 1932 Hollywood film ''Three on a Match'' featured a midriff baring two piece bathing suit. Actress [[Dolores Del Rio]] was the first major star to wear a two-piece women's bathing suit onscreen in ''[[Flying Down to Rio]]'' (1933).<ref>[https://www.filmsite.org/sexinfilms6.html History of Sex in Cinema: The Greatest and Most Influential Sexual Films and Scenes]</ref> Teen magazines of late 1940s and 1950s featured similar designs of midriff-baring suits and tops. However, midriff fashion was stated as only for beaches and informal events and considered indecent to be worn in public.<ref name="girl">{{cite book|author1=Claudia Mitchell |author2=Jacqueline Reid-Walsh |title=Girl Culture: Studying girl culture : a readers' guide Volume 1 of Girl Culture: An Encyclopedia|year=2008|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-33909-7|pages=434–435|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=arQy0v_PBx4C&pg=PA225}}</ref> Hollywood endorsed the new glamor in films like 1949's ''[[Neptune's Daughter (1949 film)|Neptune's Daughter]]'' in which [[Esther Williams]] wore provocatively named costumes such as "Double Entendre" and "Honey Child".<ref name=notting>{{cite news |first=David |last=Sandhu |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/sunandsea/728059/Nottingham-Bathed-in-nostalgia.html |title=Nottingham: Bathed in nostalgia |work=The Telegraph |date=August 4, 2003 |location=London}}</ref> Wartime production during World War II required vast amounts of cotton, silk, nylon, wool, leather, and rubber. In 1942, the United States [[War Production Board]] issued Regulation L-85, cutting the use of natural fibers in clothing<ref>{{cite web|title=World War II|url=http://amhistory.si.edu/militaryhistory/printable/section.asp?id=9&sub=3|work=The Price of Freedom: Americans at War|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|accessdate=August 30, 2013}}</ref> and mandating a 10% reduction in the amount of fabric in women's beachwear.<ref name="history"/> To comply with the regulations, swimsuit manufacturers removed skirt panels and other attachments,<ref name=HistC /> while increasing production of the two-piece swimsuit with bare midriffs.<ref name=fashionencyc>{{cite web|title=Bikini|url=http://www.fashionencyclopedia.com/fashion_costume_culture/Modern-World-1946-1960/Bikini.html|publisher=Fashion Encyclopedia|accessdate=August 30, 2013}}</ref> At the same time, demand for all swimwear declined as there was not much interest in going to the beach, especially in Europe.<ref name=HistC /> ===ຊຸດກະໂປ່ງທັນສະ ໄໝ=== [[File:MichelineBernardini.jpg|thumb|[[Micheline Bernardini]] modeling Réard's bikini at the [[Piscine Molitor]] on 5 July 1946. Reard's design was small enough to fit into a {{convert|5|by|5|by|5|cm}} box like the one she is holding.]] In the summer of 1946, Western Europeans enjoyed their first war-free summer in many years. French designers sought to deliver fashions that matched the liberated mood of the people.<ref name=history/> Fabric was still in short supply,<ref name=Gunn>Tim Gunn, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=pWG9AAAAQBAJ Tim Gunn's Fashion Bible: The Fascinating History of Everything in Your Closet]'', page 25, Simon and Schuster, 2013, {{ISBN|978-1-4516-4386-2}}</ref> and in an endeavor to resurrect swimwear sales, two French designers&nbsp;– [[Jacques Heim]] and [[Louis Réard]] &nbsp;– almost simultaneously launched new two-piece swimsuit designs in 1946.<ref>Patrik Alac, ''Bikini Story'', page 31, Parkstone International, 2012, {{ISBN|978-1-78042-951-9}}</ref><ref>Claudia Mitchell and Jacqueline Reid-Walsh, ''Girl Culture: An Encyclopedia'' (vol. 1), page 182, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007, {{ISBN|978-0-313-08444-7}}</ref> Heim launched a two-piece swimsuit design in Paris that he called the ''atome'', after the smallest known particle of matter. He announced that it was the "world's smallest bathing suit."<ref name=history>{{cite web|title=Bikini introduced - Jul 05, 1946 - HISTORY.com|url=https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/bikini-introduced|website=HISTORY.com|accessdate=16 May 2018}}</ref><ref>Rod E. Keays, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=NLszBcSEdLYC&pg=PA109 The Naturally Good Man]'', page 109, Trafford Publishing, 2012, {{ISBN|978-1-4669-1924-2}}</ref> Although briefer than the two-piece swimsuits of the 1930s, the bottom of Heim's new two-piece beach costume still covered the wearer's navel.<ref name=Gunn /><ref>James Gilbert Ryan and Leonard C. Schlup, ''Historical Dictionary of the 1940s'', page 50, M.E. Sharpe, 2006, {{ISBN|978-0-7656-2107-8}}</ref><ref>Bobby Mercer, ''ManVentions'', page 194, Adams Media, 2011, {{ISBN|978-1-4405-1074-8}}</ref><ref>Kelly Killoren Bensimon, ''The Bikini Book'', page 18, Thames & Hudson, 2006, {{ISBN|978-0-500-51316-3}}</ref> Soon after, Louis Réard created a competing two-piece swimsuit design, which he called the ''bikini''.<ref name=TimA>Adam Sage, "[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article705414.ece Happy birthday: the 'shocking and immoral' bikini hits 60]{{Dead link|date=ຕຸລາ 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}", ''[[The Times]]'', April 16, 2006</ref> He noticed that women at the beach rolled up the edges of their swimsuit bottoms and tops to improve their tan.<ref name=femmes/> On 5 July, Réard introduced his design at a swimsuit review held at a popular Paris public pool, [[Piscine Molitor]], four days after the first test of an American nuclear weapon at the [[Bikini Atoll]]. The newspapers were full of news about it and Reard hoped for the same with his design.<ref name=navy/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Wiesner|first1=Maria|title=70 Jahre Bikini: Vier Dreiecke und etwas Schnur|url=http://www.faz.net/aktuell/stil/mode-design/der-bikini-feiert-70-jubilaeum-nach-erfindung-in-st-tropez-14323637.html|newspaper=FAZ.NET|accessdate=17 May 2018|language=de|date=5 July 2016}}</ref> Réard's ''bikini'' undercut Heim's ''atome'' in its brevity. His design consisted of a two triangles of fabric forming a bra, and two triangular pieces of fabric covering the [[mons pubis]] and the [[buttocks]] connected by string. When he was unable to find a fashion model willing to showcase his revealing design,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Alac|first1=Patrik|title=Bikini Story|date=2012|publisher=Parkstone International|location=New York|isbn=978-1-78042-951-9|page=72}}</ref> Réard hired [[Micheline Bernardini]], a 19-year old [[Striptease|nude dancer]] from the [[Casino de Paris]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.bikiniscience.com/chronology/1945-1950_SS/LR4601_S/LR4601.html |title = Michele Bernadini: The First Bikini | first = Judson | last = Rosebush | work = Bikini Science | accessdate = September 19, 2007 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070927084552/http://www.bikiniscience.com/chronology/1945-1950_SS/LR4601_S/LR4601.html | archivedate = September 27, 2007 | df = mdy-all }}</ref> He announced that his swimsuit, with a total area of {{convert|30|sqin|cm2|-2}} of cloth, was "smaller than the world's smallest bathing suit".<ref name=Guard>Paula Cocozza, "[https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2006/jun/10/sttropez.filminspiredtravel.france.culturaltrips A little piece of history]", ''[[The Guardian]]'', June 10, 2006</ref><ref name=Lil>[http://www.lilith-ezine.com/articles/2006/The-Bikini.html The Bikini Turns 60] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160909175233/http://www.lilith-ezine.com/articles/2006/The-Bikini.html |date=September 9, 2016 }}, 1946 to 2006: 60 Years of Bikini Bathing Beauties, ''Lilith E-Zine''</ref> Réard said that "like the [atom] bomb, the bikini is small and devastating".<ref name="The Very First Bikini">Judson Rosebush, {{cite web|url = http://www.bikiniscience.com//chronology/1945-1950_SS/1945-1950.html|title = 1945–1950: The Very First Bikini|work = Bikini Science|accessdate = November 25, 2012|url-status = dead|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120627214541/http://bikiniscience.com/chronology/1945-1950_SS/1945-1950.html|archivedate = June 27, 2012|df = mdy-all}}</ref> Fashion writer [[Diana Vreeland]] described the bikini as the "atom bomb of fashion".<ref name="The Very First Bikini" /> Bernardini received 50,000 fan letters, many of them from men.<ref name=HistC /><ref name=heritage /> Photographs of Bernardini and articles about the event were widely carried by the press. The ''[[International Herald Tribune]]'' alone ran nine stories on the event.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mitchell|first1=Claudia A.|last2=Reid-Walsh|first2=Jacqueline|title=Girl Culture an Encyclopedia|date=2008|publisher=Greenwood Press|location=Westport, Connecticut|isbn=978-0-313-08444-7|page=82}}</ref> French newspaper ''[[Le Figaro]]'' wrote, "People were craving the simple pleasures of the sea and the sun. For women, wearing a bikini signaled a kind of second liberation. There was really nothing sexual about this. It was instead a celebration of freedom and a return to the joys in life."<ref name=heritage /> Heim's ''atome'' was more in keeping with the sense of propriety of the 1940s, but Réard's design won the public's attention.<ref name=Gunn /> Although Heim's design was the first worn on the beach and initially sold more swimsuits, it was Réard's description of the two-piece swimsuit as a ''bikini'' that stuck.<ref name=BBCW /><ref>Weisgall, Jonathan (1994), ''Operation Crossroads: The Atomic Tests at Bikini Atoll'', pages 264–265, Naval Institute Press, {{ISBN|978-1-55750-919-2}}</ref> As competing designs emerged, he declared in advertisements that a swimsuit could not be a genuine bikini "unless it could be pulled through a wedding ring."<ref name=HistC /> Modern bikinis were first made of [[cotton]] and [[Jersey (fabric)|jersey]].<ref>Valerie Steele, ''Encyclopedia of Clothing and Fashion'', page 253, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2005, {{ISBN|0-684-31397-9}}</ref> ===ສັງຄົມ=== {{Quote box |quote = As subsequent history would show, the bikini was more than a skimpy garment. It was a state of mind. |source = Lena Lenček, ''The Beach: The History of Paradise on Earth'', 1998<ref name="Lena Lenček page 100">Lena Lenček, ''The Beach: The History of Paradise on Earth'', page 100, Penguin Group (USA) Incorporated, 1999, {{ISBN|978-0-14-027802-6}}</ref> |quoted = 1 |align = left |width = 220px }} Despite the garment's initial success in France, women worldwide continued to wear traditional one-piece swimsuits. When his sales stalled, Réard went back to designing and selling orthodox knickers.<ref name="timesonline">{{cite news|first=Adam|last=Sage|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article705414.ece|title=Happy birthday: the 'shocking and immoral' bikini hits 60|work=The Times|date=April 16, 2006|accessdate=August 18, 2013|location=London}}{{Dead link|date=ຕຸລາ 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In 1950, American swimsuit mogul Fred Cole,<ref name=heritage /> owner of mass market swimwear firm Cole of California, told ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' that he had "little but scorn for France's famed Bikinis."<ref>Christine Schmidt, ''The Swimsuit: Fashion from Poolside to Catwalk'', page 2, Bloomsbury Academic, 2012, {{ISBN|0-85785-123-3}}</ref> Réard himself would later describe it as a "two-piece bathing suit which reveals everything about a girl except for her mother's maiden name."<ref>Louise Southerden, ''Surf's Up: The Girl's Guide to Surfing'', page 14, Allen & Unwin, 2008, {{ISBN|978-1-74176-831-2}}</ref> Fashion magazine ''Modern Girl Magazine'' in 1957 stated that "it is hardly necessary to waste words over the so-called bikini since it is inconceivable that any girl with tact and decency would ever wear such a thing".<ref name=BBCW /><ref name=heritage /> In 1951, [[Eric Morley]] organized the ''Festival Bikini Contest'', a beauty contest and swimwear advertising opportunity at that year's [[Festival of Britain]]. The press, welcoming the spectacle, referred to it as ''Miss World'',<ref>{{cite book |first1=Elissa |last1=Stein |first2=Lee |last2=Meriwether |title=Beauty Queen |page=[https://archive.org/details/beautyqueenheres0000stei/page/45 45] |publisher=Chronicle Books |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-8118-4864-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/beautyqueenheres0000stei/page/45 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Susan|last=Dewey|title=Making Miss India Miss World|page=[https://archive.org/details/makingmissindiam0000dewe/page/46 46]|publisher=Syracuse University Press|year=2008|isbn=978-0-8156-3176-7|url=https://archive.org/details/makingmissindiam0000dewe/page/46}}</ref> a name Morley registered as a trademark.<ref name="Keith Lovegrove 1967">{{cite book|first=Keith|last=Lovegrove|title=Pageant: The Beauty Contest|page=[https://archive.org/details/pageantbeautycon0000love/page/1967 1967]|publisher=teNeues|year=2002|isbn=978-3-8238-5569-9|url=https://archive.org/details/pageantbeautycon0000love/page/1967}}</ref> The winner was [[Kiki Håkansson]] of Sweden, who was crowned in a bikini. After the crowning, Håkansson was condemned by [[Pope Pius XII]],<ref name=Alac /><ref name=magnanti>{{cite news|last=Magnanti|first=Brooke|title=Miss World bikini ban: why it's no victory for feminists|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/sex/10105935/Miss-World-2013-bikini-ban-why-its-no-victory-for-feminists.html|work=The Telegraph|accessdate=December 13, 2013 |date=June 7, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Selvedge: The Fabric of Your Life|page=39|publisher= Selvedge Ltd. |year=2005}}</ref> while Spain and Ireland threatened to withdraw from the pageant.<ref>Kevin Rawlinson, "[https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/international/three-miss-worlds-and-one-rugby-world-cup-2010996.html Three Miss Worlds and one (rugby) World Cup]", ''The Daily Telegraph'', June 26, 2010</ref> In 1952, bikinis were banned from the pageant and replaced by [[evening gown]]s.<ref>{{cite book|first=Han |last=Shin |title=Beauty with a Purpose|page= 193 |publisher=iUniverse|year=2004|isbn= 978-0-595-30926-9}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=1950-1955: Navel Maneuvers – The Bikini Breakout|url=http://www.bikiniscience.com/chronology/1950-1955_SS/1950-1955.html|publisher=Bikini Science|accessdate=December 13, 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013211809/http://www.bikiniscience.com//chronology/1950-1955_SS/1950-1955.html|archivedate=October 13, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref> As a result of the controversy, the bikini was explicitly banned from many other [[beauty pageant]]s worldwide.<ref name="telegraph">{{cite news|last=Magnanti|first=Brooke|title=Miss World bikini ban: why it's no victory for feminists|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/sex/10105935/Miss-World-2013-bikini-ban-why-its-no-victory-for-feminists.html |work=The Telegraph|accessdate=August 22, 2013|date=June 7, 2013|location=London}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first1=Ben|last1=Marcus|first2=Jeff|last2=Divine|title=Surfing USA!: An Illustrated History of the Coolest Sport of All Time|url=https://archive.org/details/surfingusaillust0000marc|page=[https://archive.org/details/surfingusaillust0000marc/page/60 60]|publisher=MVP Books|year=2005|isbn= 978-0-89658-690-1}}</ref> Although some regarded the bikini and beauty contests as bringing freedom to women, they were opposed by some [[feminist]]s<ref name=Alac /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.object.org.uk/campaigns/beauty-pageants |title=Why OBJECT to Beauty Pageants? |publisher=object.org.uk |accessdate=May 1, 2014 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522065802/http://www.object.org.uk/campaigns/beauty-pageants |archivedate=May 22, 2014 |df=mdy }}</ref> as well as religious and cultural groups who objected to the degree of exposure of the female body. The bikini was banned on the French Atlantic coastline, Spain, Italy,<ref name=Alac /> Portugal and Australia, and was prohibited or discouraged in a number of US states.<ref name=timehistory>{{cite news|title=The History of the Bikini|url=http://content.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,1908353,00.html|work=Time|accessdate=August 17, 2013|date=July 3, 2009|archive-date=ກັນຍາ 2, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130902022839/http://content.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,1908353,00.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Lena Lanček and Gideon Bosker, ''Making Waves: Swimsuits and the Undressing of America'', page 90, Cronicle Books, 1989, {{ISBN|978-0-87701-398-3}}</ref> The [[United States Motion Picture Production Code of 1930|United States Motion Picture Production Code]], also known as the Hays Code, enforced from 1934, allowed two-piece gowns but prohibited the display of navels in Hollywood films.<ref>{{cite book|first=Rachel|last=Moseley|title=Fashioning Film Stars: Dress, Culture, Identity|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781844570683/page/136 136]|publisher=BFI|year=2005|isbn=978-1-84457-067-6|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781844570683/page/136}}</ref> The [[National Legion of Decency]], a Roman Catholic body guarding over American media content, also pressured Hollywood and foreign film producers to keep bikinis from being featured in Hollywood movies.<ref>{{cite book|first=Frank A. |last=Salamone|title=Popular Culture in the Fifties|url=https://archive.org/details/popularculturein0000sala |page=[https://archive.org/details/popularculturein0000sala/page/76 76]|publisher=University Press of America|year= 2001 |isbn=978-0-7618-2103-8}}</ref> As late as 1959, Anne Cole, one of the United States' largest swimsuit designers, said, "It's nothing more than a G-string. It's at the razor's edge of decency."<ref name=WOJSI /> The Hays Code was abandoned by the mid-1960s, and with it the prohibition of female navel exposure, as well as other restrictions.<ref>Jeanne Nagle, ''Violence in Movies, Music, and the Media'', page 23, The Rosen Publishing Group, 2008, {{ISBN|978-1-4042-1795-9}}</ref> The influence of the National Legion of Decency also waned by the 1960s.<ref>Keith M. Booker, ''Historical Dictionary of American Cinema'', page 65, Scarecrow Press, 2011, {{ISBN|978-0-8108-7459-6}}</ref> ===ເພີ່ມຂື້ນເພື່ອຄວາມນິຍົມ=== [[File:Salgueiro-29.JPG (3028018098).jpg|thumb|upright|The bikini tradition of [[Rio Carnival]] started in 1950. This photo of 2009 shows a [[Samba (Brazilian dance)|Samba dancer]] in bikini at the Rio Carnival.<ref name="rio"/>]] Increasingly common [[glamour photography|glamour shots]] of popular actresses and models on either side of the Atlantic played a large part in bringing the bikini into the mainstream.<ref name=MMOA>{{cite web|last=Charleston|first=Beth Duncuff|title=The Bikini|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/biki/hd_biki.htm|work=Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History|publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art|accessdate=August 15, 2013|location=New York|date=October 2004}}</ref> During the 1950s, Hollywood stars such as [[Ava Gardner]], [[Rita Hayworth]], [[Lana Turner]],<ref name=turner /><ref name=firstB>{{cite news|title=Photos: On this day–July 5, 1946–the first bikini goes on sale|url=http://photos.newhavenregister.com/2013/07/05/photos-on-this-day-july-5-1946-the-first-bikini-goes-on-sale/#4|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130823002850/http://photos.newhavenregister.com/2013/07/05/photos-on-this-day-july-5-1946-the-first-bikini-goes-on-sale/|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 23, 2013|accessdate=August 23, 2013|newspaper=New Haven Register|date=July 5, 2013}}</ref> [[Elizabeth Taylor]],<ref name=firstB /> [[Tina Louise]],<ref name=firstB /> [[Marilyn Monroe]],<ref name=firstB /> [[Esther Williams]], and [[Betty Grable]]<ref name=menkes>Suzy Menkes, "[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE7D81430F93BA25754C0A965958260 Runways: Remembrance of Thongs Past]", ''The New York Times'', July 18, 1993</ref> took advantage of the risqué publicity associated with the bikini by posing for photographs wearing them—[[Pin-up girl|pin-ups]] of Hayworth and Williams in costume were especially widely distributed in the United States.<ref name=heritage /> In 1950, [[Elvira Pagã]] walked at the [[Rio Carnival]], Brazil in a golden bikini, starting the bikini tradition of the carnival.<ref name="rio">Colin M. MacLachlan, ''A History of Modern Brazil: The Past Against the Future'', page 184, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 1993, {{ISBN|978-1-4616-6547-2}}</ref> In Europe, 17-year-old [[Brigitte Bardot]] wore scanty bikinis (by contemporary standards) in the French film ''Manina, la fille sans voiles'' ("Manina, the girl unveiled"). The promotion for the film, released in France in March 1953, drew more attention to Bardot's bikinis than to the film itself. By the time the film was released in the United States in 1958 it was re-titled ''[[Manina, the Girl in the Bikini]]''. Bardot was also photographed wearing a bikini on the beach during the 1957 [[Cannes Film Festival]]. Working with her husband and agent [[Roger Vadim]] she garnered significant attention with photographs of her wearing a bikini on every beach in the south of France.<ref>{{cite web|title=The History of the Bikini|url=http://www.elle.com/fashion/g2906/the-history-of-the-bikini-654900/#slide-6|publisher=ELLE|date=April 23, 2012 | accessdate=August 21, 2013}}</ref> Similar photographs were taken of [[Anita Ekberg]] and [[Sophia Loren]], among others. According to ''The Guardian'', Bardot's photographs in particular turned [[Saint-Tropez]] into the beachwear capital of the world,<ref name=Guard /> with Bardot identified as the original Cannes bathing beauty.<ref>Cari Beauchamp & [[Henri Béhar]], '' Hollywood on the Riviera: The Inside Story of the Cannes Film Festival'', page 165, W. Morrow and Co., 1992, {{ISBN|0-688-11007-X}}</ref> Bardot's photography helped to enhance the public profile of the festival, and Cannes in turn played a crucial role in her career.<ref name="a">Vanessa R. Schwartz, '' It's So French!: Hollywood, Paris, and the Making of Cosmopolitan Film Culture'', page 79, University of Chicago Press, 2007, {{ISBN|0-226-74243-1}}</ref> [[Brian Hyland]]'s novelty-song hit "[[Itsy Bitsy Teenie Weenie Yellow Polka Dot Bikini]]" became a ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' No. 1 hit during the summer of 1960: the song tells a story about a young girl who is too shy to wear her new bikini on the beach, thinking it too risqué.<ref>{{cite news|last=Suddath|first=Claire|title=Itsy Bitsy Teeny Weenie Yellow Polka Dot Bikini |url=http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2081310_2080985_2080983,00.html|work=Time|accessdate=August 15, 2013|date=July 5, 2011}}</ref> ''[[Playboy]]'' first featured a bikini on its cover in 1962; the ''[[Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue]]'' debut two years later featured [[Babette March]] in a white bikini on the cover.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gibson |first1=Megan |title=Top 10 Bikinis in Pop Culture |url=http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2081310_2080985_2081023,00.html |journal=Time |accessdate=17 June 2018 |date=5 July 2011}}</ref> [[File:Beach Party Annette Funicello Frankie Avalon Mid-1960s.jpg|thumb|160px|left|Publicity photo of [[Frankie Avalon]] and [[Annette Funicello]] for [[Beach party film|Beach Party]] films (c. 1960s). Funicello was not permitted to expose her navel.]] [[Ursula Andress]], appearing as [[Honey Rider]] in the 1962 British [[James Bond]] film, ''[[Dr. No (film)|Dr. No]]'', wore a [[White bikini of Ursula Andress|white bikini]], which became known as the "[[White bikini of Ursula Andress|Dr. No bikini]]". It became one of the most famous bikinis of all time and an iconic moment in cinematic and fashion history.<ref name="Telegraph">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1314376/Former-Bond-girl-to-sell-Dr-No-bikini.html|title=Former Bond girl to sell Dr No bikini|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=January 13, 2011|accessdate=May 16, 2011|location=London|first=Will|last=Bennett}}</ref><ref name="Bensimon2006">{{cite book|last=Bensimon|first=Kelly Killoren|title=The Bikini Book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=__DqAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=May 16, 2011|date=June 5, 2006|publisher=Thames & Hudson|isbn=978-0-500-51316-3}}</ref><ref name="Lindner2009">{{cite book|last=Lindner|first=Christoph|title=The James Bond Phenomenon: A Critical Reader|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vbIrAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=May 16, 2011|date=August 4, 2009|publisher=Manchester University Press|isbn=978-0-7190-8095-1}}</ref> Andress said that she owed her career to that white bikini, remarking, "This bikini made me into a success. As a result of starring in ''Dr. No'' as the first [[Bond girl]], I was given the freedom to take my pick of future roles and to become financially independent."<ref name="Telegraph" /><ref name="Weekes2007">{{cite book|last=Weekes|first=Karen|title=Women know everything!: 3,241 quips, quotes, & brilliant remarks|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nTKgWEBhBeoC&pg=PA419|accessdate=May 16, 2011|date=April 5, 2007|publisher=Quirk Books|isbn=978-1-59474-169-2|page=419}}</ref> The bikini finally caught on, and by 1963, the movie ''[[Beach Party]]'', starring [[Annette Funicello]] and [[Frankie Avalon]], led a wave of films that made the bikini a pop-culture symbol, though Funicello was barred from wearing Réard's bikini unlike the other young females in the films. In 1965, a woman told ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' that it was "almost square" not to wear a bikini; the magazine wrote two years later that "65% of the young set had already gone over".<ref name=turner>{{cite web|first=Julia |last=Turner |url=http://www.slate.com/articles/life/fashion/2013/07/history_of_the_bikini_how_it_came_to_america.html |title=A Brief History of the Bikini |work=Slate |date=July 29, 2013|accessdate= August 27, 2013}}</ref> [[Raquel Welch]]'s [[Fur bikini of Raquel Welch|fur bikini]] in ''[[One Million Years B.C.]]'' (1966) gave the world the most iconic bikini shot of all time and the poster image became an iconic moment in cinema history.<ref>Cambridge Film Trust. (2016). [http://www.cambridgefilmfestival.org.uk/film/one-million-years-bc/ One Million Years B.C.] Cambridge Film Festival. Retrieved December 5, 2016.</ref> Her deer skin bikini in ''[[One Million Years B.C.]]'', advertised as "mankind's first bikini",<ref name="Filmfacts">{{cite book |title=Filmfacts 1967 Vol. 10 No. 4 |date=June 15, 1967 |publisher=University of Southern California Division of Cinema, American Film Institute |page=42 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zbkvAQAAIAAJ |accessdate=November 25, 2011}}</ref> (1966) was later described as a "definitive look of the 1960s".<ref name="Mansour2005">{{cite book|last=Mansour|first=David|title=From Abba to Zoom: a pop culture encyclopedia of the late 20th century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hK0rPUF85loC&pg=PA345|year=2005|publisher=[[Andrews McMeel Publishing]]|isbn=978-0-7407-5118-9|page=345|accessdate=August 28, 2012 }}</ref> Her role wearing the leather bikini raised Welch to a fashion icon<ref name="BBCW" /> and the photo of her in the bikini became a best-selling pinup poster.<ref name="Mansour2005"/> Stretch [[nylon]] bikini briefs and bras complemented the adolescent boutique fashions of the 1960s, allowing those to be minimal.<ref>Amy De La Haye, ''The Cutting Edge: 50 Years of British Fashion, 1947–1997'', page 183, Overlook Press, 1997, {{ISBN|0-87951-763-8}}</ref> [[DuPont]] introduced [[lycra]] (DuPont's name for [[spandex]]) in the same decade.<ref name=sydelle/> Spandex expanded the range of novelty fabrics available to designers which meant suits could be made to fit like a second skin without heavy linings.<ref>Valerie Steele, ''Encyclopedia of Clothing and Fashion'', page 255, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2005, {{ISBN|0-684-31397-9}}</ref> "The advent of Lycra allowed more women to wear a bikini," wrote [[Kelly Killoren Bensimon]], a former model and author of ''The Bikini Book'', "It didn't sag, it didn't bag, and it concealed and revealed. It wasn't so much like lingerie anymore."<ref name=sfgate>{{cite web|last=Rubin|first=Sylvia|title=Fashion shocker of '46: the naked belly button / But the bikini wasn't a hit until Sixties|url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Fashion-shocker-of-46-the-naked-belly-button-2493673.php|work=San Francisco Chronicle|accessdate=August 19, 2013 |date=July 2, 2006}}</ref> Increased reliance on stretch fabric led to simplified construction.<ref name=MMOA /> This fabric allowed designers to create the [[string bikini]], and allowed Rudi Gernreich to create the topless monokini.<ref name=SFC>{{cite news |first=Sylvia |last=Rubin |url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Fashion-shocker-of-46-the-naked-belly-button-2493673.php | title=Fashion shocker of '46: the naked belly button |newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle |date=July 2, 2006|accessdate=August 28, 2013}}</ref> Alternative swimwear fabrics such as [[velvet]], [[leather]], and [[crochet]]ed squares surfaced in the early '70s.<ref name=MMOA /> ===ການຍອມຮັບຂອງມະຫາຊົນ=== Réard's company folded in 1988,<ref name=SFGate>{{cite news |first=Sylvia |last=Rubin |url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Fashion-shocker-of-46-the-naked-belly-button-2493673.php | title=Fashion shocker of '46: the naked belly button |work=San Francisco Chronicle |date=July 2, 2006|accessdate=August 28, 2013}}</ref> four years after his death.<ref name="independent">{{cite news |first=Rupert |last=Cornwell |author2=John Lichfield |title= Boom and Bust: The nuclear age and the bikini age |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/boom-and-bust-the-nuclear-age-and-the-bikini-age-404390.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080502130024/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/boom-and-bust-the-nuclear-age-and-the-bikini-age-404390.html |archivedate=May 2, 2008 |work=[[The Independent]] |date=June 17, 2006 |accessdate=September 30, 2008 |location=London}}</ref> By the end of the century, the bikini had become the most popular beachwear around the globe. According to French fashion historian Olivier Saillard, this was due to "the power of women, and not the power of fashion". As he explains, "The emancipation of swimwear has always been linked to the emancipation of women",<ref name="BBCW" /> though one survey indicates 85% of all bikinis never touch the water.<ref name=YorkS>Jayne Dawson, "[http://www.yorkshireeveningpost.co.uk/news/latest-news/top-stories/sexy-at-60-1-2054675 Sexy at 60] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319050234/http://www.yorkshireeveningpost.co.uk/news/latest-news/top-stories/sexy-at-60-1-2054675 |date=March 19, 2015 }}", ''Yorkshire Evening Post'', July 25, 2006</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=July 2017}} By 1988 the bikini made up nearly 20% of swimsuit sales, more than any other model in the US,<ref name=WOJSI>{{cite news |first=William Oscar |last=Johnson |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1068171/3/index.htm |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020050948/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1068171/3/index.htm |archivedate=October 20, 2013 |title=In The Swim |work=Sports Illustrated |date=February 7, 1989 |accessdate=August 18, 2013 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020050948/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1068171/3/index.htm |date=ຕຸລາ 20, 2013 }}</ref> though one-piece suits made a comeback during the 1980s and early 1990s.<ref name="independent"/> In 1997, Miss Maryland Jamie Fox became the first contestant in 50 years to compete in a two-piece swimsuit at the [[Miss America Pageant]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://photos.newhavenregister.com/2013/07/05/photos-on-this-day-july-5-1946-the-first-bikini-goes-on-sale/#62|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130823002850/http://photos.newhavenregister.com/2013/07/05/photos-on-this-day-july-5-1946-the-first-bikini-goes-on-sale/|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 23, 2013|title=Photos: On this day – July 5, 1946 – the first bikini goes on sale|newspaper=New Haven Register|accessdate=August 22, 2013}}</ref> Actresses in [[action film]]s like ''[[Blue Crush]]'' (2002) and ''[[Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle]]'' (2003) made the two-piece "the millennial equivalent of the power suit", according to Gina Bellafonte of ''[[The New York Times]]'',<ref name="heritage"/> According to Beth Dincuff Charleston, research associate at the Costume Institute of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, "The bikini represents a social leap involving body consciousness, moral concerns, and sexual attitudes."<ref name=heritage/> By the early 2000s, bikinis had become a $811&nbsp;million business annually, according to the [[NPD Group]], a consumer and retail information company,<ref name=SFC/> and had boosted spin-off services like [[bikini wax]]ing and the sun tanning industries.<ref name=AgeL/> Although child-sized bikinis appeared in the 1950s, in many European countries, swimsuits below size 11 are commonly not sold with a separate top, but in the United States, Britain, and Canada, it has often been considered unacceptable for girls in late childhood (ages 7–11) to go topless.{{citation needed|date=September 2018}} Several incidents of families being evicted from public pools due to their child being topless have been reported.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thesocial.ca/news/headlines/topless-8-year-old-girl-told-to-cover-up-at-public|title=The Social - Parents furious after topless 8-year-old girl told to cover up at public pool|publisher=}}</ref> In 2002, clothing retailer [[Abercrombie & Fitch]] came under criticism for selling child-sized thong bikinis and underwear.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://money.cnn.com/2002/05/22/news/companies/abercrombie/|title=Abercrombie criticized for sexy undies|date=May 22, 2002|accessdate=September 17, 2018|website=money.cnn.com|archive-date=ກັນຍາ 18, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918032327/https://money.cnn.com/2002/05/22/news/companies/abercrombie/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The first Bikini [[museum]] in the world is being built in [[Bad Rappenau]] in Germany.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://ze.tt/warum-der-bikini-das-wohl-skandaloeseste-kleidungsstueck-der-geschichte-ist/|title=Warum der Bikini das wohl skandalöseste Kleidungsstück der Geschichte ist|last=Kienzl|first=Philipp|date=2019-07-05|work=Ze.tt|access-date=2020-01-03|url-status=dead|archive-date=2020-01-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103105214/https://ze.tt/warum-der-bikini-das-wohl-skandaloeseste-kleidungsstueck-der-geschichte-ist/}}</ref> The development of [[swimwear]] from 1880 to the present is presented on 2,000 square metres of exhibition space.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sueddeutsche.de/stil/neues-museum-ewiger-sommer-1.4707131|title=Ewiger Sommer|last=Goebel|first=Anne|date=2019-12-06|work=Süddeutsche Zeitung|access-date=2020-01-03|url-status=live}}</ref> ===ນອກໂລກຕາເວັນຕົກ=== {{multiple image | align = right | image1 = Chaoyangparkpic8.jpg | width1 = 160 | caption1 = Chinese cheerleaders at [[Chaoyang Park]] | image2 = Photo shoot of Sofia Hayat.jpg | width2 = 170 | caption2 = British model [[Sofia Hayat]] in photoshoot }} The 1967 film ''[[An Evening in Paris]]'' is mostly remembered because it featured [[Bollywood]] actress [[Sharmila Tagore]] as the first Indian actress to wear a bikini on film.<ref>Stuff Reporter, "[http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/article3190174.ece Being Sharmila, all through life]", ''The Hindu'', April 3, 2006</ref><ref>Lalit Mohan Joshi & Gulzar, Derek Malcolm, ''Bollywood'', page 20, Lucky Dissanayake, 2002, {{ISBN|0-9537032-2-3}}</ref> She also posed in a bikini for the glossy ''[[Filmfare]]'' magazine.<ref>[[B. K. Karanjia]], ''Blundering in Wonderland'', page 18, Vikas Publishing House, 1990, {{ISBN|0-7069-4961-7}}</ref><ref>[http://idiva.com/news-entertainment/sharmila-tagore-actresses-today-can-drink-smoke-and-live-in/20034 Sharmila Tagore] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140204052923/http://idiva.com/news-entertainment/sharmila-tagore-actresses-today-can-drink-smoke-and-live-in/20034 |date=2014-02-04 }}, First Indian actress to wear bikini</ref> The costume shocked a conservative Indian audience,<ref>Various writers, ''Rashtriya Sahara'', page 28, Sahara India Mass Communication, 2002</ref> but it also set in motion a trend carried forward by [[Zeenat Aman]] in ''[[Heera Panna]]'' (1973) and ''[[Qurbani (1980 film)|Qurbani]]'' (1980),<ref name=avi /> [[Dimple Kapadia]] in ''[[Bobby (1973 film)|Bobby]]'' (1973),<ref name=avi /> and [[Parveen Babi]] in ''Yeh Nazdeekiyan'' (1982).<ref name=avi>{{cite news|first=Avijit |last=Ghosh |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-toi/special-report/Bollywoods-unfinished-revolution/articleshow/1696458.cms |title=Bollywood's unfinished revolution|work=The Times of India |date=July 2, 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow-times/That-itsy-bitsy-thing/articleshow/1655251.cms |title=That itsy bitsy thing|work= The Times of India|date=June 16, 2006}}</ref> Indian women wear bikinis when they vacation abroad or in [[Goa]] without the family. Despite the conservative ideas prevalent in India, bikinis have become more popular. In summer, when women take up swimming, often in a public space, a lot of tankinis, shorts and single-piece swimsuits are sold.<ref name=HTBikini>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20150328175814/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-2617354071.html Are Indian girls bikini ready?]", ''Hindustan Times'' (New Delhi, India), March 25, 2012</ref> The maximum sales for bikinis happen in the winter, the honeymoon season.<ref name=HTBikini /> By the end of the first decade of the 21st century, the Chinese bikini industry became a serious international threat for the Brazilian bikini industry.<ref>Justin Rowlatt, "[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/9348299.stm Brazil's raw materials and the Chinese bikini problem]", BBC, January 8, 2011</ref> [[Huludao]], [[Liaoning]], China set the world record for the largest bikini parade in 2012, with 1,085 participants and a photo shoot involving 3,090 women.<ref>[http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/3000/largest-bikini-parade Largest Bikini Parade], Official Website: Guinness Book of World Records</ref><ref>[http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2011/9/new-largest-bikini-photo-shoot-world-record-set-in-china/ Largest Bikini Photo Shoot], Official Website: Guinness Book of World Records</ref> For most parts of the [[Middle East]], bikinis are either banned or is highly controversial. When{{When|date=June 2019}} [[Lebanon|Lebanese]] magazine ''Ash-Shabaka'' printed a bikini-clad woman on the cover they had to make a second version with only the face of the model.<ref>Noha Mellor, ''The Making of Arab News'', page 39, Rowman & Littlefield, 2005, {{ISBN|978-0-7425-3819-1}}</ref> In 2011, [[Huda Naccache]] ([[Miss Earth]] 2011), when she posed for the cover of ''Lilac'' (based in [[Israel]]) became the first bikini-clad Arab model on the cover of an Arabic magazine.<ref>Amy Kaslow, "[http://fortune.com/2014/09/22/israeli-arab-women-jobs-economy/ Arab Israeli women have been hampered by a society that has accorded Arabs and women, much less Arab women, second-class status]", ''Fortune'', September 22, 2014</ref><ref>Shatha Yaish, "[http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/arab-israeli-model-huda-naccache-makes-history-with-bikini-shoot/story-e6frg6n6-1226164166847?nk=877dc7afd90db22caf5327f021337eb3 Itsy bitsy teen weeny Arab bikini revolution]", ''The Australian'', October 12, 2011</ref><ref>Pierre Klochendler, "[http://www.ipsnews.net/2013/05/arab-magazine-challenges-attitudes-about-arab-women/ Arab Magazine Challenges Attitudes About Arab Women]", ''IPSNews'', May 17, 2013</ref> == Bikini variants== [[Image:Colour Bikinis.jpg|thumb|Selection of bikinis in shop window in the United States, 2005]] While the name "bikini" was at first applied only to beachwear that revealed the wearer's navel, today the fashion industry considers any two-piece swimsuit a bikini.<ref name=patton>{{cite web|last=Patton|first=Susan Ruiz|title=A Bikini Isn't The Choice Of Miss Pa. For The First Time In 77 Years, Contestants In Miss America Pageant Can Choose Their Swimwear. Heather Busin Prefers One-piece|url=http://articles.mcall.com/1997-09-11/news/3155841_1_swimsuit-competition-bikini-pageant|publisher=McCalls|date=September 11, 1997|accessdate=August 27, 2013|archive-date=ຕຸລາ 13, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013191926/http://articles.mcall.com/1997-09-11/news/3155841_1_swimsuit-competition-bikini-pageant|url-status=dead}}</ref> Modern bikini fashions are characterized by a simple, brief design: two triangles of fabric that form a bra and cover the woman's [[breast]]s and a third that forms a panty cut below the navel that covers the [[groin]] and the [[buttocks]].<ref name=MMOA /> Bikinis can and have been made out of almost every possible clothing material, and the fabrics and other materials used to make bikinis are an essential element of their design.<ref name=materials>{{cite web|last=Rosebush|first=Judson|title=Materials|url=http://bikiniscience.com/costumes/bikiniology_SS/materials_S/materials.html|publisher=Bikini Science|accessdate=August 15, 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005005700/http://bikiniscience.com/costumes/bikiniology_SS/materials_S/materials.html|archivedate=October 5, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Modern bikinis were first made of cotton and jersey. [[DuPont]]'s introduction of Lycra ([[spandex]]) in the 1960s completely changed how bikinis were designed and worn, as according to Kelly Killoren Bensimon, a former model and author of ''The Bikini Book'', "the advent of Lycra allowed more women to wear a bikini...it didn't sag, it didn't bag, and it concealed and revealed. It wasn't so much like lingerie anymore."<ref name=sfgate/> Alternative swimwear fabrics such as velvet, leather, and [[crochet binkini|crocheted]] squares surfaced in the early 1970s.<ref name=MMOA /> In a single fashion show in 1985, there were two-piece suits with [[Crop top|cropped tank tops]] instead of the usual skimpy bandeaux, suits that resembled bikinis from the front and one-pieces from the back, [[Suspenders|suspender straps]], [[ruffle]]s, and deep navel-baring cutouts.<ref>Fashion Correspondent, "[http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=PI&s_site=philly&p_multi=PI&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB29A230AE055D5&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D Swimsuits take some inspiration from the past]{{Dead link|date=ທັນວາ 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}", ''Philadelphia Inquirer'', November 10, 1985</ref> Metal and stone jewelry pieces are now often used to dress up look and style according to tastes. To meet the fast pace of demands, some manufacturers now offer made-to-order bikinis ready in as few as seven minutes.<ref>Siobhan Morrissey, "[http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=PBPB&p_theme=pbpb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EAF84758A18E87D&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D Bikinis made in teeny-weeny time] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190116200740/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=PBPB&p_theme=pbpb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EAF84758A18E87D&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D |date=2019-01-16 }}, ''The Palm Beach Post'', page 1D, August 28, 1991</ref> The world's most expensive bikini was designed in February 2006 by Susan Rosen; containing {{convert|150|carat|g}} of diamond, it was valued at £20&nbsp;million.<ref name=YorkS /> === Major styles === There is a range of distinct bikini styles available — [[string bikini]]s, [[monokini]]s (topless or top and bottom connected), Trikinis (three pieces instead of two), [[tankini]]s ([[Sleeveless shirt|tank top]], bikini bottom), camikinis ([[Camisole|camisole top]], bikini bottom), bandeaukini ([[bandeau]] top, bikini bottom), skirtini (bikini top, skirt bottom), "granny bikini" (bikini top, boy shorts bottom), hikinis (also hipkini), seekinis (transparent), minikinis, microkinis, miniminis, slingshots (or suspender bikinis), [[thong (clothing)|thong]] bottoms, tie-sides (a variety of string bikini) and teardrops.<ref name=barryJ /> {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" ! Variant !! Image !! Year !! Description |- | '''[[Bandeaukini]]''' ||[[File:Morgan doing her best to improve Alaskans landscape (6057754913).jpg|noborder|center|160px]] || <center>—</center> || A '''bandeaukini''' (alternatively called a '''bandini''')<ref>Kelly Killoren Bensimon, ''The Bikini Book'', Assouline, 2006, {{ISBN|2-84323-825-0}}</ref> is a [[bandeau]] top (no straps going over the shoulders) worn with any bikini bottom.<ref name=homan /><ref>Patricia Marx, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20090831050538/http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2009/08/03/090803fa_fact_marx On and Off the Avenue: Itsy Bitsy Teeny Weeny]", page 32, ''The New Yorker'', August 31, 2009, Volume 85, Issues 26, New Yorker Magazine Inc.</ref> It is the oldest form of bikini, with earliest examples found in [[Sicily|Sicilian]] [[Villa Romana del Casale]] (dubbed the "[[Villa Romana del Casale#Bikini girls|Bikini Girls]]) dating back to the 4th century AD.<ref name="Guttmann 1991 38"/><ref name="Villa Romana del Casale"/><ref>Whitney Friedlander, [http://articles.latimes.com/2010/may/23/image/la-ig-0523-timeline-20100523 That's why they're called 'bathing' suits], Los Angeles Times, May 23, 2010</ref><ref>[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/832 Villa Romana del Casale], UNESCO</ref> Reintroduced, its appeal grew fast among young women,<ref>"[http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=OSBB&d_place=OSBB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10A7874FECFF1B68&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D Just chillin, This season's swimsuits boast new flirty styles, retro looks]", ''Ocala Star-Banner'', June 1, 2005</ref> with bandeau tops edging into the sales of the classic tankini.<ref>Rena Fulka, "[http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=STRB&p_theme=strb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=11A1D63E08E5BD90&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D Seasonal style]{{Dead link|date=ທັນວາ 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}", ''The Star'' (Tinley Park), June 14, 2007</ref> |- | '''[[Microkini]]''' || [[File:Blue bikini.jpg|noborder|160px]] || 1995 || A '''microkini''', including subgenres like '''minikini''', '''minimini''' and '''tear-drop''', is an extremely meager bikini.<ref>[https://www.google.com.bd/webhp?&ion=1&espv=2#q=microkini+merriam-webster&spell=1 Microkini] at Merriam-Webster's Open Dictionary</ref> The designs for both women and men typically use only enough fabric to cover the [[genitals]] and, for women, the nipples. Any additional straps are merely to keep the garment attached to the wearer's body. Some variations of the microkini use adhesive or wire to hold the fabric in place over the genitals. Microkinis keep the wearer just within legal limits of decency and fill a niche between [[nudism]] and conservative swimwear.<ref>Mistrík, Erich, ''Pseudo-Concrete Ideals Of A Good Life'', Human Affairs (2/2008), Department of Social & Biological Communication, Slovenská Akadémia Vied, Slovakia</ref> |- | '''[[Monokini]]''' || [[File:Topless young woman wearing only a black bikini bottom on the beach in Barcelona.jpg|noborder|160px]] || 1964 || A '''monokini''' (also called '''topless swimsuit''', '''unikini''' or '''numokini''') is a women's one-piece garment equivalent to the lower half of a bikini.<ref>The Concise Oxford Dictionary (2004 ed.)</ref> Originally a specific design conceived by [[Rudi Gernreich]] in 1964, the term is now used to describe any topless swimsuit,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.everythingbikini.com/monokini.html |title=Everything Bikini |publisher=Everything Bikini |accessdate=November 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120729151157/http://www.everythingbikini.com/monokini.html |archive-date=July 29, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> particularly a bikini bottom worn without a top.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bikiniscience.com/costumes/soutien-gorge_SS/topless_S/topless.html |title=Bikini Science |publisher=Bikini Science |accessdate=November 12, 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100108023628/http://www.bikiniscience.com/costumes/soutien-gorge_SS/topless_S/topless.html |archivedate=January 8, 2010 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> An extreme version of the monokini, the thong-style '''pubikini''' (which exposed the [[pubic]] region), was also designed by Rudi Gernreich in 1985.<ref>{{cite book|title=Recent acquisitions: A Selection, 1985–1986 |editor=Ellen Shultz |date=1986 |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=iELIoreqozkC&pg=PA48 |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|location=New York|isbn=978-0-87099-478-4|page=48}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Stewart|first1=Elizabeth Gunther|last2=Spencer|first2=Paula|title=The V book : a doctor's guide to complete vulvovaginal health|url=https://archive.org/details/vbookdoctorsguid00stew|date=2002|publisher=Bantam Books|location=New York |isbn=978-0-553-38114-6|page=[https://archive.org/details/vbookdoctorsguid00stew/page/104 104]|edition=Bantam trade pbk. |quote=In 1985, designer Rudi Gernreich unveiled the "pubikini," a bathing suit meant to expose pubic hair.}}</ref> |- | '''[[Skirtini]]''' || [[File:2010 Run to the Sun Fashion Show in Anchorage Alaska 16.jpg|noborder|160px]] || <center>—</center> || The '''skirtini''', which features a bikini top and a small, skirted bottom, is also an innovation for bikini-style clothes with more coverage.<ref>Nada Manley, "[http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NJ&p_theme=nj&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10A3138C75E6BF71&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D Beauty & the Beach: The perfect swimsuit is out there – honestly]{{Dead link|date=ທັນວາ 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}", ''The Daytona Beach News-Journal'', March 17, 2005</ref> Two-piece swimsuits with skirt panels were popular in the US before the government ordered a 10% reduction in fabric used in woman's swimwear in 1943 as wartime rationing.<ref name="history"/> In 2011, ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' identified the skirted bikini as one of the top 10 swimwear designs of that season.<ref>Justine Picardie, ''[http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG8597324/The-Closet-Thinker-bathing-beauties.html The Closet Thinker: bathing beauties] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220124839/http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG8597324/The-Closet-Thinker-bathing-beauties.html |date=2016-12-20 }}'', ''The Daily Telegraph'', July 3, 2011</ref> |- | '''[[Sling bikini]]''' || [[File:Black piece.jpg|noborder|160px]]|| <center>—</center> || The '''sling bikini''' (also known as '''sling-kini''', '''onepiecekini''' or '''sling swimsuit''') is an unbroken suit, technically one-piece, which resembles a bikini bottom with the side straps extending upwards to cover the breasts and go over the shoulders, or encircling the neck while a second set of straps pass around the midriff (also known as '''pretzel bikini''' or ''pretzel swimsuit'').<ref name=JenPa>Jenny Pate, [http://www.articledashboard.com/Article/History-of-Swimsuits/461234 History of the swimsuit] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907051823/http://www.articledashboard.com/Article/History-of-Swimsuits/461234 |date=September 7, 2008 }}, Article Dashboard</ref> Sling swimsuits emerged in the early 1990s, and were introduced into the mainstream in 1994.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120730105128/http://swimsuits.lovetoknow.com/Slingshot_Suspender_Bikini Slingshot Suspender Bikinis: A History], Love to know swimsuits, Glam Publisher Network</ref><ref>Fashion Correspondent, "[http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=MH&s_site=miami&p_multi=MH&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB4D23272FD283B&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D Itsy bitsy teenie weenie&nbsp;... trivia think swimsuits. If two-pieces and t-backs are all that come to mind&nbsp;... think again]{{Dead link|date=ທັນວາ 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}", ''The Miami Herald'', page 1G, July 15, 1995</ref> When designed for or worn by a man, it is called a '''mankini''', popularized by [[Sacha Baron Cohen]] in the film ''[[Borat]]''.<ref>Steve Helling, "[http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20279623,00.html Cruising Tips from New Kids on the Block]", ''People'', May 18, 2009</ref><ref>Staff, "[https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-lancashire-29704452 Blackpool Council considers 'mankini' outfit ban]", BBC, Aug 21, 2014</ref> |- | '''[[String bikini]]''' || [[File:Blonde in red bikini.jpg|noborder|160px]] || 1974 || A '''string bikini''' (or a '''tie-side''') gets its name from its design that consists of two triangular shaped pieces connected at the [[groin]] but not at the sides, where a thin "string" wraps around the waist tied together to connect the two parts. The structure of the side tie bottom leaves the hips bare and just tie the knots on the sides with spaghetti ties or with the sash ties.<ref>[https://www.biqiniz.com/blogs/glossary/side-tie-bottom-bikini-set Biqiniz Bikini Glossary]{{Dead link|date=ກັນຍາ 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Know your bandeaus from your halters.</ref> The first formal presentation of string bikini was done by Glen Tororich, a public relations agent, and his wife Brandi Perret-DuJon, a fashion model, for the opening of Le Petite Centre, a shopping area in the French Quarter of the [[New Orleans, Louisiana]] in 1974. String bikinis are one of the most popular variations of bikini.<ref>Valerie Steele, ''Encyclopedia of Clothing and Fashion'', page 121, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2005, {{ISBN|0-684-31396-0}}</ref> |- | '''[[Tankini]]''' || [[File:Dorthy modeling a nice swimwear outfit (IMG 7736a) (5461706898).jpg|noborder|160px]] || 1998 || The '''tankini''' is a swimsuit combining a [[Tank top (shirt)|tank top]] and a bikini bottom.<ref name=homan>Becky Homan, "[http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SL&p_theme=sl&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB05184B3196071&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D Tankini goes over the top]{{Dead link|date=ທັນວາ 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}", ''St. Louis Post-Dispatch'', April 3, 1999</ref><ref name=Alisha>Alisha Davis, "[https://www.questia.com/read/1G1-20537767 It Rhymes With Bikini]{{Dead link|date=ກັນຍາ 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}", ''Newsweek'', May 4, 1998</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/tankini |title=Tankini |publisher=oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com |accessdate=March 14, 2013}}</ref> Tankinis can be made of [[spandex]]-and-cotton or [[Lycra]]-and-nylon.<ref>Anne D'Innocenzio, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20101111074727/http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-27407189_ITM Big fish rule a bigger pond]", ''Women's Wear Daily'', January 24, 2000</ref> Designer [[Anne Cole]], the US swimwear mogul, was the originator of this style in 1998.<ref name=homan /><ref>Rose Apodaca Jones, "[http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-10764345_ITM Five decades in the swim]", ''Women's Wear Daily'', Fairchild Publications, April 23, 2001</ref> A variation is named '''camkini''', with [[spaghetti strap]]s instead of tank-shaped straps over a bikini bottom.<ref>Kathryn Bold, "[http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/16687650.html?dids=16687650:16687650&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Mar+21%2C+1996&author=KATHRYN+BOLD&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=Summer+Sizzle%3B+Top+to+Bottom%3B+Talk+about+bikini+anxiety.+Designers+for+Point+Conception+scrutinize+every+detail.&pqatl=google Summer Sizzle Top to Bottom] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019085313/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/16687650.html?dids=16687650:16687650&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Mar+21,+1996&author=KATHRYN+BOLD&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=Summer+Sizzle%3B+Top+to+Bottom%3B+Talk+about+bikini+anxiety.+Designers+for+Point+Conception+scrutinize+every+detail.&pqatl=google |date=2012-10-19 }}", ''Los Angeles Times'', page 1, March 21, 1996</ref> |- | '''[[Trikini]]''' || [[File:MichelleLAmourFanDance2836.jpg|noborder|160px]] || 1967 || The '''trikini''' appeared briefly in 1967, defined as "a handkerchief and two small saucers."<ref name=saf>William Safire, ''No Uncertain Terms'', page 291, Simon & Schuster, 2004, {{ISBN|0-7432-5812-6}}</ref> It reappeared in the 1990s as a bikini bottom with a stringed halter of two triangular pieces covering the breasts,<ref>David L. Gold, ''Studies in Etymology and Etiology'', page 101, Universidad de Alicante, 2009, {{ISBN|9788479085179}}</ref> and in the 2000s as a costume of three separate pieces.<ref>Associated Press, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20090113132429/http://www.theage.com.au/cgi-bin/common/popupPrintArticle.pl?path=%2Farticles%2F2004%2F06%2F28%2F1088392608125.html Free and easy]", ''The Age'' (Australia), 2004 -06-29</ref> The trikini top comes essentially in two separate parts.<ref>John Ayto, Ian Crofton & Ebenezer Cobham Brewer, ''Brewer's Dictionary of Modern Phrase & Fable'', page 78, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2006, {{ISBN|0-304-36809-1}}</ref> The name of this woman's bathing suit is formed from the word "bikini", replacing "bi-", meaning "two", with "tri-", meaning "three".<ref>Robert L. Chapman & Harold Wentworth, ''New Dictionary of American Slang'', page 446, Harper & Row, 1986, {{ISBN|0-06-181157-2}}.</ref> In a variation the three pieces are sold as part of one continuous garment.<ref>John Karl, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20090112081550/http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-27747407_ITM Under cover Designers are wrapping swimsuits with stylish designs], ''Sarasota Herald Tribune'', 200-02-08</ref> A variation is called '''strapless bikini'''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pastease.com.au/strapless_bikinis.html |title=Pastease website&nbsp;— Strapless Bikini |publisher=Pastease.com.au |accessdate=March 14, 2013 |archive-date=ກັນຍາ 14, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914121308/https://www.pastease.com.au/strapless_bikinis.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> or a no string bikini, often a combination of two [[pasties]] with a matching ''[[maebari]]''-style bottom.<ref>Gavin Ambrose and Paul Harris, ''The Visual Dictionary of Fashion Design'', page 180, AVA Publishing, 2007, {{ISBN|9782940373611}}</ref> |} ===ຄໍເຕົ້າໄຂ່ທີ່ ສຳ ຄັນ=== There is a range of distinct bikini styles available — [[string bikini]]s, [[monokini]]s (topless or top and bottom connected), Trikinis (three pieces instead of two), [[tankini]]s ([[Sleeveless shirt|tank top]], bikini bottom), camikinis ([[Camisole|camisole top]], bikini bottom), bandeaukini ([[bandeau]] top, bikini bottom), skirtini (bikini top, skirt bottom), "granny bikini" (bikini top, boy shorts bottom), hikinis (also hipkini), seekinis (transparent), minikinis, microkinis, miniminis, slingshots (or suspender bikinis), [[thong (clothing)|thong]] bottoms, tie-sides (a variety of string bikini) and teardrops.<ref name=barryJ /> {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;" ! Variant !! Image !! Year !! Description |- | '''[[Bandeaukini]]''' ||[[File:Morgan doing her best to improve Alaskans landscape (6057754913).jpg|noborder|center|160px]] || <center>—</center> || A '''bandeaukini''' (alternatively called a '''bandini''')<ref>Kelly Killoren Bensimon, ''The Bikini Book'', Assouline, 2006, {{ISBN|2-84323-825-0}}</ref> is a [[bandeau]] top (no straps going over the shoulders) worn with any bikini bottom.<ref name=homan /><ref>Patricia Marx, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20090831050538/http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2009/08/03/090803fa_fact_marx On and Off the Avenue: Itsy Bitsy Teeny Weeny]", page 32, ''The New Yorker'', August 31, 2009, Volume 85, Issues 26, New Yorker Magazine Inc.</ref> It is the oldest form of bikini, with earliest examples found in [[Sicily|Sicilian]] [[Villa Romana del Casale]] (dubbed the "[[Villa Romana del Casale#Bikini girls|Bikini Girls]]) dating back to the 4th century AD.<ref name="Guttmann 1991 38"/><ref name="Villa Romana del Casale"/><ref>Whitney Friedlander, [http://articles.latimes.com/2010/may/23/image/la-ig-0523-timeline-20100523 That's why they're called 'bathing' suits], Los Angeles Times, May 23, 2010</ref><ref>[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/832 Villa Romana del Casale], UNESCO</ref> Reintroduced, its appeal grew fast among young women,<ref>"[http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p_multi=OSBB&d_place=OSBB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10A7874FECFF1B68&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D Just chillin, This season's swimsuits boast new flirty styles, retro looks]", ''Ocala Star-Banner'', June 1, 2005</ref> with bandeau tops edging into the sales of the classic tankini.<ref>Rena Fulka, "[http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=STRB&p_theme=strb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=11A1D63E08E5BD90&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D Seasonal style]{{Dead link|date=ທັນວາ 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}", ''The Star'' (Tinley Park), June 14, 2007</ref> |- | '''[[Microkini]]''' || [[File:Blue bikini.jpg|noborder|160px]] || 1995 || A '''microkini''', including subgenres like '''minikini''', '''minimini''' and '''tear-drop''', is an extremely meager bikini.<ref>[https://www.google.com.bd/webhp?&ion=1&espv=2#q=microkini+merriam-webster&spell=1 Microkini] at Merriam-Webster's Open Dictionary</ref> The designs for both women and men typically use only enough fabric to cover the [[genitals]] and, for women, the nipples. Any additional straps are merely to keep the garment attached to the wearer's body. Some variations of the microkini use adhesive or wire to hold the fabric in place over the genitals. Microkinis keep the wearer just within legal limits of decency and fill a niche between [[nudism]] and conservative swimwear.<ref>Mistrík, Erich, ''Pseudo-Concrete Ideals Of A Good Life'', Human Affairs (2/2008), Department of Social & Biological Communication, Slovenská Akadémia Vied, Slovakia</ref> |- | '''[[Monokini]]''' || [[File:Topless young woman wearing only a black bikini bottom on the beach in Barcelona.jpg|noborder|160px]] || 1964 || A '''monokini''' (also called '''topless swimsuit''', '''unikini''' or '''numokini''') is a women's one-piece garment equivalent to the lower half of a bikini.<ref>The Concise Oxford Dictionary (2004 ed.)</ref> Originally a specific design conceived by [[Rudi Gernreich]] in 1964, the term is now used to describe any topless swimsuit,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.everythingbikini.com/monokini.html |title=Everything Bikini |publisher=Everything Bikini |accessdate=November 12, 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120729151157/http://www.everythingbikini.com/monokini.html |archive-date=July 29, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> particularly a bikini bottom worn without a top.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bikiniscience.com/costumes/soutien-gorge_SS/topless_S/topless.html |title=Bikini Science |publisher=Bikini Science |accessdate=November 12, 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100108023628/http://www.bikiniscience.com/costumes/soutien-gorge_SS/topless_S/topless.html |archivedate=January 8, 2010 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> An extreme version of the monokini, the thong-style '''pubikini''' (which exposed the [[pubic]] region), was also designed by Rudi Gernreich in 1985.<ref>{{cite book|title=Recent acquisitions: A Selection, 1985–1986 |editor=Ellen Shultz |date=1986 |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=iELIoreqozkC&pg=PA48 |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|location=New York|isbn=978-0-87099-478-4|page=48}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Stewart|first1=Elizabeth Gunther|last2=Spencer|first2=Paula|title=The V book : a doctor's guide to complete vulvovaginal health|url=https://archive.org/details/vbookdoctorsguid00stew|date=2002|publisher=Bantam Books|location=New York |isbn=978-0-553-38114-6|page=[https://archive.org/details/vbookdoctorsguid00stew/page/104 104]|edition=Bantam trade pbk. |quote=In 1985, designer Rudi Gernreich unveiled the "pubikini," a bathing suit meant to expose pubic hair.}}</ref> |- | '''[[Skirtini]]''' || [[File:2010 Run to the Sun Fashion Show in Anchorage Alaska 16.jpg|noborder|160px]] || <center>—</center> || The '''skirtini''', which features a bikini top and a small, skirted bottom, is also an innovation for bikini-style clothes with more coverage.<ref>Nada Manley, "[http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NJ&p_theme=nj&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10A3138C75E6BF71&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D Beauty & the Beach: The perfect swimsuit is out there – honestly]{{Dead link|date=ທັນວາ 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}", ''The Daytona Beach News-Journal'', March 17, 2005</ref> Two-piece swimsuits with skirt panels were popular in the US before the government ordered a 10% reduction in fabric used in woman's swimwear in 1943 as wartime rationing.<ref name="history"/> In 2011, ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' identified the skirted bikini as one of the top 10 swimwear designs of that season.<ref>Justine Picardie, ''[http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG8597324/The-Closet-Thinker-bathing-beauties.html The Closet Thinker: bathing beauties] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220124839/http://fashion.telegraph.co.uk/news-features/TMG8597324/The-Closet-Thinker-bathing-beauties.html |date=2016-12-20 }}'', ''The Daily Telegraph'', July 3, 2011</ref> |- | '''[[Sling bikini]]''' || [[File:Black piece.jpg|noborder|160px]]|| <center>—</center> || The '''sling bikini''' (also known as '''sling-kini''', '''onepiecekini''' or '''sling swimsuit''') is an unbroken suit, technically one-piece, which resembles a bikini bottom with the side straps extending upwards to cover the breasts and go over the shoulders, or encircling the neck while a second set of straps pass around the midriff (also known as '''pretzel bikini''' or ''pretzel swimsuit'').<ref name=JenPa/> Sling swimsuits emerged in the early 1990s, and were introduced into the mainstream in 1994.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120730105128/http://swimsuits.lovetoknow.com/Slingshot_Suspender_Bikini Slingshot Suspender Bikinis: A History], Love to know swimsuits, Glam Publisher Network</ref><ref>Fashion Correspondent, "[http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=MH&s_site=miami&p_multi=MH&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB4D23272FD283B&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D Itsy bitsy teenie weenie&nbsp;... trivia think swimsuits. If two-pieces and t-backs are all that come to mind&nbsp;... think again]{{Dead link|date=ທັນວາ 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}", ''The Miami Herald'', page 1G, July 15, 1995</ref> When designed for or worn by a man, it is called a '''mankini''', popularized by [[Sacha Baron Cohen]] in the film ''[[Borat]]''.<ref>Steve Helling, "[http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20279623,00.html Cruising Tips from New Kids on the Block]", ''People'', May 18, 2009</ref><ref>Staff, "[https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-lancashire-29704452 Blackpool Council considers 'mankini' outfit ban]", BBC, Aug 21, 2014</ref> |- | '''[[String bikini]]''' || [[File:Blonde in red bikini.jpg|noborder|160px]] || 1974 || A '''string bikini''' (or a '''tie-side''') gets its name from its design that consists of two triangular shaped pieces connected at the [[groin]] but not at the sides, where a thin "string" wraps around the waist tied together to connect the two parts. The structure of the side tie bottom leaves the hips bare and just tie the knots on the sides with spaghetti ties or with the sash ties.<ref>[https://www.biqiniz.com/blogs/glossary/side-tie-bottom-bikini-set Biqiniz Bikini Glossary]{{Dead link|date=ກັນຍາ 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Know your bandeaus from your halters.</ref> The first formal presentation of string bikini was done by Glen Tororich, a public relations agent, and his wife Brandi Perret-DuJon, a fashion model, for the opening of Le Petite Centre, a shopping area in the French Quarter of the [[New Orleans, Louisiana]] in 1974. String bikinis are one of the most popular variations of bikini.<ref>Valerie Steele, ''Encyclopedia of Clothing and Fashion'', page 121, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2005, {{ISBN|0-684-31396-0}}</ref> |- | '''[[Tankini]]''' || [[File:Dorthy modeling a nice swimwear outfit (IMG 7736a) (5461706898).jpg|noborder|160px]] || 1998 || The '''tankini''' is a swimsuit combining a [[Tank top (shirt)|tank top]] and a bikini bottom.<ref name=homan/><ref name=Alisha/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/tankini |title=Tankini |publisher=oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com |accessdate=March 14, 2013}}</ref> Tankinis can be made of [[spandex]]-and-cotton or [[Lycra]]-and-nylon.<ref>Anne D'Innocenzio, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20101111074727/http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-27407189_ITM Big fish rule a bigger pond]", ''Women's Wear Daily'', January 24, 2000</ref> Designer [[Anne Cole]], the US swimwear mogul, was the originator of this style in 1998.<ref name=homan /><ref>Rose Apodaca Jones, "[http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-10764345_ITM Five decades in the swim]", ''Women's Wear Daily'', Fairchild Publications, April 23, 2001</ref> A variation is named '''camkini''', with [[spaghetti strap]]s instead of tank-shaped straps over a bikini bottom.<ref>Kathryn Bold, "[http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/16687650.html?dids=16687650:16687650&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Mar+21%2C+1996&author=KATHRYN+BOLD&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=Summer+Sizzle%3B+Top+to+Bottom%3B+Talk+about+bikini+anxiety.+Designers+for+Point+Conception+scrutinize+every+detail.&pqatl=google Summer Sizzle Top to Bottom] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121019085313/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/16687650.html?dids=16687650:16687650&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Mar+21,+1996&author=KATHRYN+BOLD&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=Summer+Sizzle%3B+Top+to+Bottom%3B+Talk+about+bikini+anxiety.+Designers+for+Point+Conception+scrutinize+every+detail.&pqatl=google |date=2012-10-19 }}", ''Los Angeles Times'', page 1, March 21, 1996</ref> |- | '''[[Trikini]]''' || [[File:MichelleLAmourFanDance2836.jpg|noborder|160px]] || 1967 || The '''trikini''' appeared briefly in 1967, defined as "a handkerchief and two small saucers."<ref name=saf>William Safire, ''No Uncertain Terms'', page 291, Simon & Schuster, 2004, {{ISBN|0-7432-5812-6}}</ref> It reappeared in the 1990s as a bikini bottom with a stringed halter of two triangular pieces covering the breasts,<ref>David L. Gold, ''Studies in Etymology and Etiology'', page 101, Universidad de Alicante, 2009, {{ISBN|9788479085179}}</ref> and in the 2000s as a costume of three separate pieces.<ref>Associated Press, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20090113132429/http://www.theage.com.au/cgi-bin/common/popupPrintArticle.pl?path=%2Farticles%2F2004%2F06%2F28%2F1088392608125.html Free and easy]", ''The Age'' (Australia), 2004 -06-29</ref> The trikini top comes essentially in two separate parts.<ref>John Ayto, Ian Crofton & Ebenezer Cobham Brewer, ''Brewer's Dictionary of Modern Phrase & Fable'', page 78, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2006, {{ISBN|0-304-36809-1}}</ref> The name of this woman's bathing suit is formed from the word "bikini", replacing "bi-", meaning "two", with "tri-", meaning "three".<ref>Robert L. Chapman & Harold Wentworth, ''New Dictionary of American Slang'', page 446, Harper & Row, 1986, {{ISBN|0-06-181157-2}}.</ref> In a variation the three pieces are sold as part of one continuous garment.<ref>John Karl, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20090112081550/http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-27747407_ITM Under cover Designers are wrapping swimsuits with stylish designs], ''Sarasota Herald Tribune'', 200-02-08</ref> A variation is called '''strapless bikini'''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pastease.com.au/strapless_bikinis.html |title=Pastease website&nbsp;— Strapless Bikini |publisher=Pastease.com.au |accessdate=March 14, 2013 |archive-date=ກັນຍາ 14, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914121308/https://www.pastease.com.au/strapless_bikinis.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> or a no string bikini, often a combination of two [[pasties]] with a matching ''[[maebari]]''-style bottom.<ref>Gavin Ambrose and Paul Harris, ''The Visual Dictionary of Fashion Design'', page 180, AVA Publishing, 2007, {{ISBN|9782940373611}}</ref> |} ==ບິກິນີໃນກິລາ== Bikinis have become a major component of marketing various [[women's sports]].<ref name="Kilborn">Laura Grae Kilborn, "[http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=DP&p_theme=dp&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EAF44E9A0508C03&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D The Marketing Of Female Athletes]{{Dead link|date=ທັນວາ 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}", ''The Denver Post'', August 11, 1998</ref> It is an official uniform for [[beach volleyball]] and is widely worn in [[Sport of athletics|athletics]] and other sports. Sports bikinis have gained popularity since the 1990s.<ref>Gertrud Pfister and Mari Kristin Sisjord, ''Gender and Sport: Changes and Challenges'', page 142, Waxmann Verlag, 2013, {{ISBN|978-3-8309-7873-2}}</ref> However, the trend has raised some criticism as an attempt to sell sex.<ref name="Kilborn" /> Female swimmers do not normally wear bikinis in competitive swimming.<ref>Harvey S. Wiener, ''Total swimming'', page 125, Simon and Schuster, 1981, {{ISBN|978-0-671-42807-5}}</ref><ref>Barry Wilner, Art Seiden, Sam Freas, and Dan Helms, ''Swimming'', page 12, Raintree Steck-Vaughn, 1996, {{ISBN|978-0-8114-6596-0}}</ref> The International Swimming Federation (FINA) voted to prohibit female swimmers from racing in bikinis in its meeting at Rome in 1960.<ref>David Maraniss, ''Rome 1960: The Olympics That Changed the World'', page 75, Simon and Schuster, 2008, {{ISBN|978-1-4391-0267-1}}</ref> === Beach volleyball === [[File:Brooke Sweat and Jennifer Fopma at Hermosa Beach 2012 (2) (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|US women's [[beach volleyball]] team has cited several advantages to bikini uniforms, such as comfort while playing on sand during hot weather.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ijr.com/2016/08/670528-heres-why-the-usa-womens-volleyball-team-refuses-to-stop-wearing-bikinis/|title=Here's Why the USA Women's Volleyball Team Refuses to Stop Wearing Bikinis|date=August 11, 2016|publisher=|access-date=ເມສາ 1, 2020|archive-date=ຕຸລາ 19, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019112323/http://ijr.com/2016/08/670528-heres-why-the-usa-womens-volleyball-team-refuses-to-stop-wearing-bikinis/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Photo shows US beach volleyball players [[Jennifer Fopma]] and [[Brooke Sweat]] in their uniforms.]] In 1994, the bikini became the official uniform of [[Beach volleyball at the Summer Olympics#Women's beach volleyball|women's Olympic beach volleyball]].<ref name="cover-up">{{cite news|url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/sport/591787.stm |title=Aussies opt for bikini cover-up | work=BBC News | date=January 5, 2000}}</ref> In 1999, the [[Fédération Internationale de Volleyball|International Volleyball Federation]] (FIVB) standardized beach volleyball uniforms, with the bikini becoming the required uniform for women.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/STYLE/9901/13/vollyball.bikini/ |title=Bikini blues – Beach volleyball makes the swimsuit standard |publisher=CNN |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150809191530/http://www.cnn.com/STYLE/9901/13/vollyball.bikini/ |archivedate=August 9, 2015 }}</ref> That regulation bottom is called a "bun-hugger",<ref name=patr /> and players names are often written on the back of the bottom.<ref name=patr /> The uniform made its Olympic debut at Sydney's [[Bondi Beach, New South Wales|Bondi Beach]] in the [[2000 Summer Olympics]] amid some criticism.<ref name=stan>Mary Zeiss Stange, Carol K. Oyster and Jane E. Sloan (ed.), ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=B50Jad7552MC&pg=PA134&dq=bikini+beach+volleyball#v=onepage&q=bikini%20beach%20volleyball Encyclopedia of Women in Today's World]'' (Volume 1), page 134, SAGE, 2011, {{ISBN|978-1-4129-7685-5}}</ref> It was the fifth largest television audience of all the sports at the 2000 Games. Much of the interest was because of the sex appeal of bikini-clad players along with their athletic ability.<ref>Stuff Writer, "[http://sports.espn.go.com/oly/summer04/gen/news/story?id=1860176 Beach volleyball a popular spectator sport]", ESPN, August 16, 2004</ref> Bikini-clad dancers and cheerleaders entertain the audience during match breaks in many beach volleyball tournaments, including the Olympics.<ref name=patr /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/5705620/ |title=Beach volleyball's bikini cheerleaders stir up a storm |publisher=NBC sports |date=August 17, 2004 |accessdate=March 12, 2008 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080317105526/http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/5705620/ |archivedate=March 17, 2008 }}</ref> Even [[Volleyball|indoor volleyball]] costumes followed suit to become smaller and tighter.<ref name=patr /> However, the FIVB's mandating of the bikini ran into problems. Some sports officials consider it exploitative and impractical in colder weather.<ref name="cover-up" /> It also drew the ire of some athletes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/olympics/sports/beach-volleyball.htm |title=Beach Volleyball |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419043317/http://www.abc.net.au/news/olympics/sports/beach-volleyball.htm |archivedate=April 19, 2010 }}</ref> At the [[2006 Asian Games]] at Doha, Qatar, only one Muslim country&nbsp;– Iraq&nbsp;– fielded a team in the beach volleyball competition because of concerns that the uniform was inappropriate. They refused to wear bikinis.<ref>Associated Press, [http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3335511,00.html In Doha, beach volleyball bikinis create cultural clash], Ynet News, March 12, 2006. Retrieved March 12, 2008.</ref> The weather during the evening games in [[2012 Summer Olympics|2012 London Olympics]] was so cold that the players sometimes had to wear shirts and leggings.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.canberratimes.com.au/olympics/news-london-2012/beach-volleyball-but-not-beach-weather-aussies-lose-close-match-as-cold-bites-20120729-23562.html|title=Beach volleyball but not beach weather: Aussies lose close match as cold bites | work=The Canberra Times |date=July 29, 2012 |accessdate=August 1, 2012}}</ref> Earlier in 2012, FIVB had announced it would allow shorts (maximum length {{convert|3|cm|abbr=on}} above the knee) and sleeved tops at the games. Richard Baker, the federation spokesperson, said that "many of these countries have religious and cultural requirements so the uniform needed to be more flexible".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/volleyball/9169429/London-2012-Olympics-female-beach-volleyball-players-permitted-to-wear-less-revealing-uniforms.html |title=London 2012 Olympics: female beach volleyball players permitted to wear less revealing uniforms |work=The Daily Telegraph |accessdate=August 1, 2012 |date=March 27, 2012}}</ref> The bikini remains preferred by most players<ref name="mcpeak_uniform">{{cite web|url=http://abcnews.go.com/Sports/China/story?id=5589206&page=1 |title=Olympic Uniforms: Less Clothing Means Better Results |publisher=ABC News|date=2008-08-18 }}</ref> and corporate sponsors.<ref name=patr>Patrice A. Oppliger, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=c77ABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA182&dq=bikini+beach+volleyball#v=onepage&q=bikini%20beach%20volleyball Girls Gone Skank: The Sexualization of Girls in American Culture]'', page 182-4, McFarland, 2008, {{ISBN|978-0-7864-8650-2}}</ref> US women's team has cited several advantages of bikini uniforms, such as comfort while playing on sand during hot weather.<ref name="ijr">{{cite web|url=http://ijr.com/2016/08/670528-heres-why-the-usa-womens-volleyball-team-refuses-to-stop-wearing-bikinis/|website=ijr.com|title=Here&#x27;s Why the USA Women's Volleyball Team Refuses to Stop Wearing Bikinis|accessdate=December 15, 2017|archive-date=ຕຸລາ 19, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019112323/http://ijr.com/2016/08/670528-heres-why-the-usa-womens-volleyball-team-refuses-to-stop-wearing-bikinis/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Competitors [[Natalie Cook]]<ref>{{cite news |author=Jenny McAsey |url=http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/beijing_olympics/story/0,,24130706-5014104,00.html |title=Natalie Cook defends bikini |work=Herald Sun |date=June 5, 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080908051422/http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/beijing_olympics/story/0%2C%2C24130706-5014104%2C00.html |archivedate=September 8, 2008 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080908051422/http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/beijing_olympics/story/0%2C%2C24130706-5014104%2C00.html |date=ກັນຍາ 8, 2008 }}</ref> and [[Holly McPeak]]<ref name="mcpeak_uniform" /> support the bikini as a practical uniform for a sport played on sand during the heat of summer. Olympic gold medal winner [[Kerry Walsh]] said, "I love our uniforms." According to fellow gold medalist [[Misty May-Treanor]] and Walsh it does not restrict movement.<ref name=patr /> One feminist viewpoint sees the bikini uniform as objectification of women athletes.<ref name=stan /> US beach volleyball player [[Gabrielle Reece]] described the bikini bottoms as uncomfortable with constant "yanking and fiddling."<ref name=patr /><ref name=blues>Jeanne Moos, "[http://edition.cnn.com/STYLE/9901/13/vollyball.bikini/ Bikini blues – Beach volleyball makes the swimsuit standard] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150406091308/http://edition.cnn.com/STYLE/9901/13/vollyball.bikini/ |date=2015-04-06 }}", CNN, Jan 13, 1999</ref> Many female beach volleyball players have suffered injuries by over-straining the [[abdominal muscles]] while many others have gone through [[augmentation mammoplasty]] to look appealing in their uniforms.<ref name=stan /> Australian competitor [[Nicole Sanderson]] said about match break entertainment that "it's kind of disrespectful to the female players. I'm sure the male spectators love it, but I find it a little bit offensive."<ref>{{cite web |title=Olympic briefs |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2004/aug/18/athensolympics2004.olympicgames20 |work=The Guardian |date=August 17, 2004 |accessdate=August 18, 2013}}</ref> Sports journalism expert Kimberly Bissell conducted a study on the camera angles used during the 2004 Summer Olympic Games beach volleyball games. Bissell found that 20% of the camera angles were focused on the women's chests, and 17% on their buttocks. Bissell theorized that the appearance of the players draws fans attention more than their actual athleticism.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Bissell|first=Kimberly|author2=Andera Duke|title=Bump, Set, Spike: An Analysis of Commentary|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-promotion-management_2007_13_1-2/page/35|journal=Journal of Promotion Management|year=2007|pages=35–53|doi=10.1300/J057v13n01_04|volume=13|issue=1–2}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08/02/beach-volleyball-photos-focus-on-womens-body-parts-not-athletics_n_1734372.html |title=Beach Volleyball Photos Focus On Women's Body Parts -- Not Their Athletic Skills |first=Emma |last=Gray |accessdate=August 17, 2013 |work=The Huffington Post |date=August 2, 2012}}</ref> Sports commentator [[Jeanne Moos]] commented, "Beach volleyball has now joined go-go girl dancing as perhaps the only two professions where a bikini is the required uniform."<ref name=patr /><ref name=blues /><ref>JG Daddario and BJ Wigley, "[http://muse.jhu.edu/login?auth=0&type=summary&url=/journals/journal_of_sports_media/v002/2.daddario.html Gender Marking and Racial Stereotyping at the 2004 Athens Games]", ''Journal of Sports Media'' (vol 2), University of Nebraska Press, 2007</ref> British Olympian [[Denise Johns]] argues that the regulation uniform is intended to be "sexy" and to attract attention.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/sport/article106438.ece |title=Denise Johns: There is more to beach volleyball than girls in bikinis |first=Brian |last=Schofield |newspaper=The Sunday Times |date=July 20, 2008 |accessdate=May 4, 2015 |location=London |archive-date=ພຶດສະພາ 5, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505003749/http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/sport/article106438.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref> Rubén Acosta, president of the FIVB, says that it makes the game more appealing to spectators.<ref name=stan /> === Bodybuilding === {{multiple image | align = left | footer = Bikini is the uniform for both male and female [[bodybuilding|bodybuilders]]. | image1 = Dougback2.jpg | width1 = 110 | image2 = BodybuildingWoman.jpg | width2 = 200 }} From the 1950s to mid-1970s, men's contest formats were often supplemented with women's beauty contests or bikini shows. The winners earned titles like Miss Body Beautiful, Miss Physical Fitness and Miss Americana, and also presented trophies to the winners of the men's contest.<ref name=lowe>Maria R. Lowe, ''Women of Steel: Female Bodybuilders and the Struggle for Self-definition'', page 57, NYU Press, 1998, {{ISBN|978-0-8147-5094-0}}</ref> In the 1980s, the Ms Olympia competition started in the US and in the UK the NABBA (National Amateur Body Building Association) renamed Miss Bikini International to Ms Universe. In 1986, the Ms Universe competition was divided into two sections&nbsp;– "physique" (for a more muscular physique) and "figure" (traditional feminine presentation in high heels).<ref name=grogan>Sarah Grogan, ''Body Image: Understanding Body Dissatisfaction in Men, Women and Children'', page 63, Routledge, 2007, {{ISBN|978-1-134-24567-3}}</ref> In November 2010 the IFBBF (International Federation of BodyBuilding & Fitness) introduced a women's bikini contest for women who do not wish to build their muscles to figure competition levels.<ref>Tanya Bunsell, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=fEYPodrZJEUC&pg=PT41&dq=bodybuilding+bikini#v=onepage&q=bodybuilding%20bikini Strong and hard women: an ethnography of female body building]'', Routledge, 2013, {{ISBN|978-1-136-25085-9}}</ref> Costumes are regulation "posing trunks" (bikini briefs) for both men and women.<ref>Francois Fortin, ''Sports: The Complete Visual Reference'', page 360, Québec Amerique, 1996, {{ISBN|9782764408971}}</ref> [[Female bodybuilder]]s in America are prohibited from wearing thongs or T-back swimsuits in contests filmed for television, though they are allowed to do so by certain fitness organizations in closed events.<ref name=lowe/> For men, the dress code specifies "swim trunks only (no shorts, cut-off pants, or Speedos)." === Other sports === {{multiple image | align = right | image1 = Blanka Vlasic Berlin 2009 (cropped).jpg | width1 = 150 | image2 = Ivet Lalova Berlin 2009 cropped.JPG | width2 = 129 | footer = Croatian [[high jump]]er [[Blanka Vlašić]], field, (left) and Bulgarian sprinter [[Ivet Lalova]], track (right) at [[2009 World Championships in Athletics]]. }} Women in [[Sport of athletics|athletics]] often wear bikinis of similar size as those worn in [[beach volleyball]]. [[Amy Acuff]], a US high-jumper, wore a black leather bikini instead of a track suit at the [[2000 Summer Olympics]].<ref>Staff Correspondent, "[http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=ST&s_site=dfw&p_multi=ST&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EAF9290227B1DAA&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D Hype Hopes Today's Olympians need more than athletic prowess to win gold]{{Dead link|date=ທັນວາ 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}", ''Fort Worth Star-Telegram'', August 6, 2000</ref> Runner [[Florence Griffith-Joyner]] mixed bikini bottoms with one-legged [[tights]] at the [[1988 Summer Olympics]], earning her more attention than her record-breaking performance in the women's 200 meters event.<ref>Anne Marie Balsamo, ''Technologies of the gendered body'', page 46, Duke University Press, 1996, {{ISBN|0-8223-1698-6}}</ref> In the 2007 [[South Pacific Games]], the rules were adjusted to allow players to wear less revealing shorts and cropped sports tops instead of bikinis.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.news.com.au/story/0,23599,22339200-23109,00.html |title=No bikinis for beach volleyball players |work=News.com.au |date=August 31, 2007 |accessdate=March 12, 2008 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071228044658/http://www.news.com.au/story/0%2C23599%2C22339200-23109%2C00.html |archivedate=December 28, 2007 |df=mdy-all }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071228044658/http://www.news.com.au/story/0%2C23599%2C22339200-23109%2C00.html |date=ທັນວາ 28, 2007 }}</ref> At the [[West Asian Games]] in 2006, organizers banned bikini-bottoms for female athletes and asked them to wear long shorts.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/661034.cms |title=Unveiling the spirit of the sporting women |work=The Economic Times |date=December 1, 2006}}</ref> String bikinis and other revealing clothes are common in [[surfing]], though most surfing bikinis are more robust with more coverage than sunning bikinis.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thesurfchannel.com/slide/top-10-summer-bikinis/ |title=Top 10 Best Summer Bikinis |publisher=thesurfchannel.com |accessdate=March 29, 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317192943/http://www.thesurfchannel.com/slide/top-10-summer-bikinis/ |archivedate=March 17, 2015 |df=mdy }}</ref><ref>Andrea McCloud, The Girl's Guide to Surfing, page 52, Chronicle Books, 2011, {{ISBN|978-1-4521-0898-8}}</ref> ''[[Surfing Magazine]]'' printed a pictorial of [[Kymberly Herrin]], [[Playboy Playmate|''Playboy'' Playmate]] March 1981, surfing in a revealing bikini, and eventually started an annual bikini issue.<ref>Matt Warshaw, ''The History of Surfing'', page 417, Chronicle Books, 2011, {{ISBN|978-1-4521-0094-4}}</ref> The [[Association of Surfing Professionals]] often pairs female surf meets with [[bikini contests]], an issue that divides the female pro-surfing community into two parts.<ref>Douglas Booth, ''Australian Beach Cultures: The History of Sun, Sand and Surf'', page 139, Routledge, 2012, {{ISBN|978-1-136-33847-2}}</ref> It has often been more profitable to win the bikini contest than the female surfing event.<ref>Mark Stranger, ''Surfing Life: Surface, Substructure and the Commodification of the Sublime'', page 40, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2011, {{ISBN|978-0-7546-7443-6}}</ref> ===ບານສົ່ງຫາດຊາຍ=== [[File:Brooke Sweat and Jennifer Fopma at Hermosa Beach 2012 (2) (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|US women's [[beach volleyball]] team has cited several advantages to bikini uniforms, such as comfort while playing on sand during hot weather.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ijr.com/2016/08/670528-heres-why-the-usa-womens-volleyball-team-refuses-to-stop-wearing-bikinis/|title=Here's Why the USA Women's Volleyball Team Refuses to Stop Wearing Bikinis|date=August 11, 2016|publisher=|access-date=ເມສາ 1, 2020|archive-date=ຕຸລາ 19, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019112323/http://ijr.com/2016/08/670528-heres-why-the-usa-womens-volleyball-team-refuses-to-stop-wearing-bikinis/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Photo shows US beach volleyball players [[Jennifer Fopma]] and [[Brooke Sweat]] in their uniforms.]] In 1994, the bikini became the official uniform of [[Beach volleyball at the Summer Olympics#Women's beach volleyball|women's Olympic beach volleyball]].<ref name="cover-up"/> In 1999, the [[Fédération Internationale de Volleyball|International Volleyball Federation]] (FIVB) standardized beach volleyball uniforms, with the bikini becoming the required uniform for women.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/STYLE/9901/13/vollyball.bikini/ |title=Bikini blues – Beach volleyball makes the swimsuit standard |publisher=CNN |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150809191530/http://www.cnn.com/STYLE/9901/13/vollyball.bikini/ |archivedate=August 9, 2015 }}</ref> That regulation bottom is called a "bun-hugger",<ref name=patr /> and players names are often written on the back of the bottom.<ref name=patr /> The uniform made its Olympic debut at Sydney's [[Bondi Beach, New South Wales|Bondi Beach]] in the [[2000 Summer Olympics]] amid some criticism.<ref name=stan/> It was the fifth largest television audience of all the sports at the 2000 Games. Much of the interest was because of the sex appeal of bikini-clad players along with their athletic ability.<ref>Stuff Writer, "[http://sports.espn.go.com/oly/summer04/gen/news/story?id=1860176 Beach volleyball a popular spectator sport]", ESPN, August 16, 2004</ref> Bikini-clad dancers and cheerleaders entertain the audience during match breaks in many beach volleyball tournaments, including the Olympics.<ref name=patr /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/5705620/ |title=Beach volleyball's bikini cheerleaders stir up a storm |publisher=NBC sports |date=August 17, 2004 |accessdate=March 12, 2008 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080317105526/http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/5705620/ |archivedate=March 17, 2008 }}</ref> Even [[Volleyball|indoor volleyball]] costumes followed suit to become smaller and tighter.<ref name=patr /> However, the FIVB's mandating of the bikini ran into problems. Some sports officials consider it exploitative and impractical in colder weather.<ref name="cover-up" /> It also drew the ire of some athletes.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/olympics/sports/beach-volleyball.htm |title=Beach Volleyball |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419043317/http://www.abc.net.au/news/olympics/sports/beach-volleyball.htm |archivedate=April 19, 2010 }}</ref> At the [[2006 Asian Games]] at Doha, Qatar, only one Muslim country&nbsp;– Iraq&nbsp;– fielded a team in the beach volleyball competition because of concerns that the uniform was inappropriate. They refused to wear bikinis.<ref>Associated Press, [http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3335511,00.html In Doha, beach volleyball bikinis create cultural clash], Ynet News, March 12, 2006. Retrieved March 12, 2008.</ref> The weather during the evening games in [[2012 Summer Olympics|2012 London Olympics]] was so cold that the players sometimes had to wear shirts and leggings.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.canberratimes.com.au/olympics/news-london-2012/beach-volleyball-but-not-beach-weather-aussies-lose-close-match-as-cold-bites-20120729-23562.html|title=Beach volleyball but not beach weather: Aussies lose close match as cold bites | work=The Canberra Times |date=July 29, 2012 |accessdate=August 1, 2012}}</ref> Earlier in 2012, FIVB had announced it would allow shorts (maximum length {{convert|3|cm|abbr=on}} above the knee) and sleeved tops at the games. Richard Baker, the federation spokesperson, said that "many of these countries have religious and cultural requirements so the uniform needed to be more flexible".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/volleyball/9169429/London-2012-Olympics-female-beach-volleyball-players-permitted-to-wear-less-revealing-uniforms.html |title=London 2012 Olympics: female beach volleyball players permitted to wear less revealing uniforms |work=The Daily Telegraph |accessdate=August 1, 2012 |date=March 27, 2012}}</ref> The bikini remains preferred by most players<ref name="mcpeak_uniform"/> and corporate sponsors.<ref name=patr/> US women's team has cited several advantages of bikini uniforms, such as comfort while playing on sand during hot weather.<ref name="ijr"/> Competitors [[Natalie Cook]]<ref>{{cite news |author=Jenny McAsey |url=http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/beijing_olympics/story/0,,24130706-5014104,00.html |title=Natalie Cook defends bikini |work=Herald Sun |date=June 5, 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080908051422/http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/beijing_olympics/story/0%2C%2C24130706-5014104%2C00.html |archivedate=September 8, 2008 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080908051422/http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/beijing_olympics/story/0%2C%2C24130706-5014104%2C00.html |date=ກັນຍາ 8, 2008 }}</ref> and [[Holly McPeak]]<ref name="mcpeak_uniform" /> support the bikini as a practical uniform for a sport played on sand during the heat of summer. Olympic gold medal winner [[Kerry Walsh]] said, "I love our uniforms." According to fellow gold medalist [[Misty May-Treanor]] and Walsh it does not restrict movement.<ref name=patr /> One feminist viewpoint sees the bikini uniform as objectification of women athletes.<ref name=stan /> US beach volleyball player [[Gabrielle Reece]] described the bikini bottoms as uncomfortable with constant "yanking and fiddling."<ref name=patr /><ref name=blues/> Many female beach volleyball players have suffered injuries by over-straining the [[abdominal muscles]] while many others have gone through [[augmentation mammoplasty]] to look appealing in their uniforms.<ref name=stan /> Australian competitor [[Nicole Sanderson]] said about match break entertainment that "it's kind of disrespectful to the female players. I'm sure the male spectators love it, but I find it a little bit offensive."<ref>{{cite web |title=Olympic briefs |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2004/aug/18/athensolympics2004.olympicgames20 |work=The Guardian |date=August 17, 2004 |accessdate=August 18, 2013}}</ref> Sports journalism expert Kimberly Bissell conducted a study on the camera angles used during the 2004 Summer Olympic Games beach volleyball games. Bissell found that 20% of the camera angles were focused on the women's chests, and 17% on their buttocks. Bissell theorized that the appearance of the players draws fans attention more than their actual athleticism.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Bissell|first=Kimberly|author2=Andera Duke|title=Bump, Set, Spike: An Analysis of Commentary|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-promotion-management_2007_13_1-2/page/35|journal=Journal of Promotion Management|year=2007|pages=35–53|doi=10.1300/J057v13n01_04|volume=13|issue=1–2}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08/02/beach-volleyball-photos-focus-on-womens-body-parts-not-athletics_n_1734372.html |title=Beach Volleyball Photos Focus On Women's Body Parts -- Not Their Athletic Skills |first=Emma |last=Gray |accessdate=August 17, 2013 |work=The Huffington Post |date=August 2, 2012}}</ref> Sports commentator [[Jeanne Moos]] commented, "Beach volleyball has now joined go-go girl dancing as perhaps the only two professions where a bikini is the required uniform."<ref name=patr /><ref name=blues /><ref>JG Daddario and BJ Wigley, "[http://muse.jhu.edu/login?auth=0&type=summary&url=/journals/journal_of_sports_media/v002/2.daddario.html Gender Marking and Racial Stereotyping at the 2004 Athens Games]", ''Journal of Sports Media'' (vol 2), University of Nebraska Press, 2007</ref> British Olympian [[Denise Johns]] argues that the regulation uniform is intended to be "sexy" and to attract attention.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/sport/article106438.ece |title=Denise Johns: There is more to beach volleyball than girls in bikinis |first=Brian |last=Schofield |newspaper=The Sunday Times |date=July 20, 2008 |accessdate=May 4, 2015 |location=London |archive-date=ພຶດສະພາ 5, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505003749/http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/sport/article106438.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref> Rubén Acosta, president of the FIVB, says that it makes the game more appealing to spectators.<ref name=stan /> ===ເພາະກາຍ=== {{multiple image | align = left | footer = Bikini is the uniform for both male and female [[bodybuilding|bodybuilders]]. | image1 = Dougback2.jpg | width1 = 110 | image2 = BodybuildingWoman.jpg | width2 = 200 }} From the 1950s to mid-1970s, men's contest formats were often supplemented with women's beauty contests or bikini shows. The winners earned titles like Miss Body Beautiful, Miss Physical Fitness and Miss Americana, and also presented trophies to the winners of the men's contest.<ref name=lowe>Maria R. Lowe, ''Women of Steel: Female Bodybuilders and the Struggle for Self-definition'', page 57, NYU Press, 1998, {{ISBN|978-0-8147-5094-0}}</ref> In the 1980s, the Ms Olympia competition started in the US and in the UK the NABBA (National Amateur Body Building Association) renamed Miss Bikini International to Ms Universe. In 1986, the Ms Universe competition was divided into two sections&nbsp;– "physique" (for a more muscular physique) and "figure" (traditional feminine presentation in high heels).<ref name=grogan>Sarah Grogan, ''Body Image: Understanding Body Dissatisfaction in Men, Women and Children'', page 63, Routledge, 2007, {{ISBN|978-1-134-24567-3}}</ref> In November 2010 the IFBBF (International Federation of BodyBuilding & Fitness) introduced a women's bikini contest for women who do not wish to build their muscles to figure competition levels.<ref>Tanya Bunsell, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=fEYPodrZJEUC&pg=PT41&dq=bodybuilding+bikini#v=onepage&q=bodybuilding%20bikini Strong and hard women: an ethnography of female body building]'', Routledge, 2013, {{ISBN|978-1-136-25085-9}}</ref> Costumes are regulation "posing trunks" (bikini briefs) for both men and women.<ref>Francois Fortin, ''Sports: The Complete Visual Reference'', page 360, Québec Amerique, 1996, {{ISBN|9782764408971}}</ref> [[Female bodybuilder]]s in America are prohibited from wearing thongs or T-back swimsuits in contests filmed for television, though they are allowed to do so by certain fitness organizations in closed events.<ref name=lowe/> For men, the dress code specifies "swim trunks only (no shorts, cut-off pants, or Speedos)." ===ກິລາອື່ນໆ=== {{multiple image | align = right | image1 = Blanka Vlasic Berlin 2009 (cropped).jpg | width1 = 150 | image2 = Ivet Lalova Berlin 2009 cropped.JPG | width2 = 129 | footer = Croatian [[high jump]]er [[Blanka Vlašić]], field, (left) and Bulgarian sprinter [[Ivet Lalova]], track (right) at [[2009 World Championships in Athletics]]. }} Women in [[Sport of athletics|athletics]] often wear bikinis of similar size as those worn in [[beach volleyball]]. [[Amy Acuff]], a US high-jumper, wore a black leather bikini instead of a track suit at the [[2000 Summer Olympics]].<ref>Staff Correspondent, "[http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=ST&s_site=dfw&p_multi=ST&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EAF9290227B1DAA&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D Hype Hopes Today's Olympians need more than athletic prowess to win gold]{{Dead link|date=ທັນວາ 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}", ''Fort Worth Star-Telegram'', August 6, 2000</ref> Runner [[Florence Griffith-Joyner]] mixed bikini bottoms with one-legged [[tights]] at the [[1988 Summer Olympics]], earning her more attention than her record-breaking performance in the women's 200 meters event.<ref>Anne Marie Balsamo, ''Technologies of the gendered body'', page 46, Duke University Press, 1996, {{ISBN|0-8223-1698-6}}</ref> In the 2007 [[South Pacific Games]], the rules were adjusted to allow players to wear less revealing shorts and cropped sports tops instead of bikinis.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.news.com.au/story/0,23599,22339200-23109,00.html |title=No bikinis for beach volleyball players |work=News.com.au |date=August 31, 2007 |accessdate=March 12, 2008 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071228044658/http://www.news.com.au/story/0%2C23599%2C22339200-23109%2C00.html |archivedate=December 28, 2007 |df=mdy-all }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071228044658/http://www.news.com.au/story/0%2C23599%2C22339200-23109%2C00.html |date=ທັນວາ 28, 2007 }}</ref> At the [[West Asian Games]] in 2006, organizers banned bikini-bottoms for female athletes and asked them to wear long shorts.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/661034.cms |title=Unveiling the spirit of the sporting women |work=The Economic Times |date=December 1, 2006}}</ref> String bikinis and other revealing clothes are common in [[surfing]], though most surfing bikinis are more robust with more coverage than sunning bikinis.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thesurfchannel.com/slide/top-10-summer-bikinis/ |title=Top 10 Best Summer Bikinis |publisher=thesurfchannel.com |accessdate=March 29, 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317192943/http://www.thesurfchannel.com/slide/top-10-summer-bikinis/ |archivedate=March 17, 2015 |df=mdy }}</ref><ref>Andrea McCloud, The Girl's Guide to Surfing, page 52, Chronicle Books, 2011, {{ISBN|978-1-4521-0898-8}}</ref> ''[[Surfing Magazine]]'' printed a pictorial of [[Kymberly Herrin]], [[Playboy Playmate|''Playboy'' Playmate]] March 1981, surfing in a revealing bikini, and eventually started an annual bikini issue.<ref>Matt Warshaw, ''The History of Surfing'', page 417, Chronicle Books, 2011, {{ISBN|978-1-4521-0094-4}}</ref> The [[Association of Surfing Professionals]] often pairs female surf meets with [[bikini contests]], an issue that divides the female pro-surfing community into two parts.<ref>Douglas Booth, ''Australian Beach Cultures: The History of Sun, Sand and Surf'', page 139, Routledge, 2012, {{ISBN|978-1-136-33847-2}}</ref> It has often been more profitable to win the bikini contest than the female surfing event.<ref>Mark Stranger, ''Surfing Life: Surface, Substructure and the Commodification of the Sublime'', page 40, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2011, {{ISBN|978-0-7546-7443-6}}</ref> == ຊຸດຊັ້ນໃນຊຸດບິກິນີ == Certain types of [[underwear]] are described as bikini underwear and designed for men and women. For women, bikini or bikini-style underwear is underwear that is similar in size and form to a regular bikini. It can refer to virtually any undergarment that provides less coverage to the [[midriff]] than [[lingerie]], [[panties]] or knickers,<ref>Alison J. Carter, ''Underwear: The Fashion History'', page 111, Batsford, 1992, {{ISBN|978-0-7134-6222-7}}</ref> especially suited to clothing such as [[crop top]]s. For men, bikini briefs are undergarments that are smaller and more revealing than men's classic [[briefs]]. Men's bikini briefs can be low- or high-side that are usually lower than true waist, often at hips, and usually have no access pouch or flap, legs bands at tops of thighs.<ref>Shaun Cole, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=EEEmuePeDX4C&pg=PA90&dq=bikini+underwear#v=onepage&q=bikini%20underwear The Story of Men's Underwear]'', pages 90-93, Parkstone International, 2012, {{ISBN|978-1-78042-882-6}}</ref> String bikini briefs have front and rear sections that meet in the crotch but not at the waistband, with no fabric on the side of the legs.<ref>{{cite web |title=The History of Underwear |url=http://www.boxerbriefs.com/history_of_underwear.htm |publisher=Boxerbriefs.com |accessdate=August 15, 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130818070455/http://boxerbriefs.com/history_of_underwear.htm |archivedate=August 18, 2013 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> Swimwear and underwear have similar design considerations, both being [[form-fitting garment]]s. The main difference is that, unlike underwear, swimwear is open to public view.<ref>Jennifer Craik, ''The Face of Fashion: Cultural Studies in Fashion'', page 133, Routledge, 1993, {{ISBN|978-1-134-94056-1}}</ref> The swimsuit was, and is, following underwear styles,<ref>Christine Schmid, ''The Swimsuit: Fashion from Poolside to Catwalk'', page 6, A&C Black, 2013, {{ISBN|978-0-85785-124-6}}</ref> and at about the same time that attitudes towards the bikini began to change, underwear underwent a redesign towards a minimal, unboned design that emphasized comfort first.<ref>Dan Parker, ''The Bathing Suit: Christian Liberty Or Secular Idolatry'', page 170, Xulon Press, 2003, {{ISBN|978-1-59160-753-3}}</ref> === History === {{multiple image | header = Women's underwear | align = right | image1 = Barcley custom corsets15.jpg | width1 = 120 | caption1 = 1927 | image2 = Female model A 03.JPG | width2 = 130 | caption2 = 2013 }} As the swimsuit was evolving, the underwear started to change. Between 1900 and 1940, swimsuit lengths followed the changes in underwear designs.<ref>Muriel Barbier, Shazia Boucher, ''The Story of Lingerie'', page 139, Parkstone International, 2012, {{ISBN|978-1-78042-970-0}}</ref> In the 1920s women started discarding the corset, while the Cadole company of Paris started developing something they called the "breast girdle".<ref name=napol>Anthony Napoleon, ''Awakening Beauty", page 130, Virtualbookworm Publishing, 2003, {{ISBN|978-1-58939-378-3}}</ref> During the Great Depression, panties and bras became softly constructed and were made of various elasticized yarns making underwear fit like a second skin. By 1930s underwear styles for both women and men were influenced by the new brief models of swimwear from Europe. Although the waistband was still above the navel, the leg openings of the panty brief were cut in an arc to rise from the crotch to the hip joint. The brief served as a template for most all variations of panties for the rest of the century.<ref name=ddhills>Daniel Delis Hill, '' As Seen in Vogue: A Century of American Fashion in Advertising'', page 158, Texas Tech University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|978-0-89672-616-1}}</ref> Warner standardized the concept of [[Cup size]] in 1935. The first underwire bra was developed in 1938.<ref name=napol /> Beginning in the late thirties skants, a type of skanty men's briefs, were introduced, featuring very high-cut leg openings and a lower rise to the waistband.<ref name=ddhills /> [[Howard Hughes]] designed a push-up bra to be worn by [[Jane Russell]] in ''[[The Outlaw]]'' in 1943, although Russell stated in interviews that she never wore the 'contraption'. In 1950 [[Maidenform]] introduced the first official bust enhancing bra.<ref name=napol /> By the 1960s, the bikini swimsuit influenced panty styles and coincided with the cut of the new lower rise jeans and pants.<ref name=ddhills /> In the seventies, with the emergence of skintight jeans, thong versions of the panty became mainstream, since the open, stringed back eliminated any tell-tale panty lines across the rear and hips. By the 1980s the design of the French-cut panty pushed the waistband back up to the natural waistline and the rise of the leg openings was nearly as high (French Cut panties come up to the waist, has a high cut leg, and usually are full in the rear<ref>Lisa Cole, '' Lingerie, the Foundation of a Woman's Life'', page 45, Choice Publications, 2005, {{ISBN|978-0-9711803-4-5}}</ref>). As with the bra and other type of lingerie, manufacturers of the last quarter of the century marketed panty styles that were designed primarily for their sexual allure.<ref name=ddhills /> From this decade sexualization and eroticization of the male body was on the rise. The male body was celebrated through advertising campaigns for brands such as [[Calvin Klein]], particularly by photographers [[Bruce Weber (photographer)|Bruce Weber]] and [[Herb Ritts]].<ref name=schmidt>Christine Schmidt, ''The Swimsuit: Fashion from Poolside to Catwalk'', page 19, Bloomsbury Academic, 2012, {{ISBN|0-85785-123-3}}</ref> Male bodies and men's undergarments were commodified and packaged for mass consumption, and swimwear and sportswear were influenced by sports photography and fitness.<ref name=schmidt /> Over time, swimwear evolved from weighty wool to high-tech [[skin-tight garment]]s, eventually cross-breeding with sportswear, underwear and exercise wear, resulting in the interchangeable fashions of the 1990s.<ref>Christine Schmid, ''The Swimsuit: Fashion from Poolside to Catwalk'', page 102, A&C Black, 2013, {{ISBN|978-0-85785-124-6}}</ref> ===ປະຫວັດການ=== {{multiple image | header = Women's underwear | align = right | image1 = Barcley custom corsets15.jpg | width1 = 120 | caption1 = 1927 | image2 = Female model A 03.JPG | width2 = 130 | caption2 = 2013 }} As the swimsuit was evolving, the underwear started to change. Between 1900 and 1940, swimsuit lengths followed the changes in underwear designs.<ref>Muriel Barbier, Shazia Boucher, ''The Story of Lingerie'', page 139, Parkstone International, 2012, {{ISBN|978-1-78042-970-0}}</ref> In the 1920s women started discarding the corset, while the Cadole company of Paris started developing something they called the "breast girdle".<ref name=napol>Anthony Napoleon, ''Awakening Beauty", page 130, Virtualbookworm Publishing, 2003, {{ISBN|978-1-58939-378-3}}</ref> During the Great Depression, panties and bras became softly constructed and were made of various elasticized yarns making underwear fit like a second skin. By 1930s underwear styles for both women and men were influenced by the new brief models of swimwear from Europe. Although the waistband was still above the navel, the leg openings of the panty brief were cut in an arc to rise from the crotch to the hip joint. The brief served as a template for most all variations of panties for the rest of the century.<ref name=ddhills>Daniel Delis Hill, '' As Seen in Vogue: A Century of American Fashion in Advertising'', page 158, Texas Tech University Press, 2007, {{ISBN|978-0-89672-616-1}}</ref> Warner standardized the concept of [[Cup size]] in 1935. The first underwire bra was developed in 1938.<ref name=napol /> Beginning in the late thirties skants, a type of skanty men's briefs, were introduced, featuring very high-cut leg openings and a lower rise to the waistband.<ref name=ddhills /> [[Howard Hughes]] designed a push-up bra to be worn by [[Jane Russell]] in ''[[The Outlaw]]'' in 1943, although Russell stated in interviews that she never wore the 'contraption'. In 1950 [[Maidenform]] introduced the first official bust enhancing bra.<ref name=napol /> By the 1960s, the bikini swimsuit influenced panty styles and coincided with the cut of the new lower rise jeans and pants.<ref name=ddhills /> In the seventies, with the emergence of skintight jeans, thong versions of the panty became mainstream, since the open, stringed back eliminated any tell-tale panty lines across the rear and hips. By the 1980s the design of the French-cut panty pushed the waistband back up to the natural waistline and the rise of the leg openings was nearly as high (French Cut panties come up to the waist, has a high cut leg, and usually are full in the rear<ref>Lisa Cole, '' Lingerie, the Foundation of a Woman's Life'', page 45, Choice Publications, 2005, {{ISBN|978-0-9711803-4-5}}</ref>). As with the bra and other type of lingerie, manufacturers of the last quarter of the century marketed panty styles that were designed primarily for their sexual allure.<ref name=ddhills /> From this decade sexualization and eroticization of the male body was on the rise. The male body was celebrated through advertising campaigns for brands such as [[Calvin Klein]], particularly by photographers [[Bruce Weber (photographer)|Bruce Weber]] and [[Herb Ritts]].<ref name=schmidt>Christine Schmidt, ''The Swimsuit: Fashion from Poolside to Catwalk'', page 19, Bloomsbury Academic, 2012, {{ISBN|0-85785-123-3}}</ref> Male bodies and men's undergarments were commodified and packaged for mass consumption, and swimwear and sportswear were influenced by sports photography and fitness.<ref name=schmidt /> Over time, swimwear evolved from weighty wool to high-tech [[skin-tight garment]]s, eventually cross-breeding with sportswear, underwear and exercise wear, resulting in the interchangeable fashions of the 1990s.<ref>Christine Schmid, ''The Swimsuit: Fashion from Poolside to Catwalk'', page 102, A&C Black, 2013, {{ISBN|978-0-85785-124-6}}</ref> ==Bikini waxing == {{multiple image | header = Bikini waxing styles | align = right | image1 = Bikini lines.jpg | width1 = 100 | caption1 = American waxing (also: triangle, regular) | image2 = Landing strip.svg | width2 = 100 | caption2 = French waxing (also: Mohican, landing strip) | image3 = Brazilian hollywood.jpg | width3 = 100 | caption3 = Brazilian waxing (also: Hollywood, full monty) | footer = ''Sources:''<ref name=milady/><ref name=essort/><ref name=BrBi/><ref name=landingstrip>{{cite web|last1=Grey|first1=Maggie|title=Basic Pubic Hairstyles|url=http://www.landingstrip.org/basic-pubic-hairstyles/|website=The Landing Strip|accessdate=June 13, 2014|date=2012-06-30}}</ref><ref name=SalE /><ref name=SalE>{{cite book | author = Salinger, Eve | year = 2005 | title = The Complete Idiot's Guide to Pleasing Your Woman | publisher = Alpha Books/Penguin Group | location = New York | page = 196 | isbn = 978-1-59257-464-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9YISte-SRZEC&pg=PA196}}</ref><ref name=Boston>{{cite book | author = Boston Women's Health Book Collective, The | year = 2005 | title = Our Bodies, Ourselves: A New Edition for a New Era | publisher = Touchstone/Simon & Schuster | location = New York | page = [https://archive.org/details/ourbodiesoursel00bost/page/4 4] | isbn = 978-0-7432-5611-7 | edition = 35th anniversary | title-link = Our Bodies, Ourselves }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Hiscock |first=Jane |author2=Frances Lovett |title=Beauty Therapy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CLHeHGFlQiYC&pg=PA325 |accessdate=May 9, 2013 |year=2004 |edition=2nd |publisher=Heinemann Educational Publishers |location=Oxford, UK |isbn=978-0-435-45102-8 |page=325}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Latour|first=Stephanie |title=Erotic Review's Bedside Companion: An ABC of Delightful Depravity |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CLHeHGFlQiYC&pg=PA325 |accessdate=May 9, 2013 |year=2002 |publisher=Anova Books|isbn=978-1-84411-002-5|page=25|quote=Salons offer a choice of waxing styles for women, including the widely renowned Brazilian or Mohican for those concerned not to reveal a single stray pube in the inciest, winciest beachwear, while The Hollywood denotes the full monty.}}</ref> }} Bikini waxing is the [[hair removal|epilation]] of [[pubic hair]] beyond the bikini line by use of [[waxing]]. The bikini line delineates the part of a woman's pubic area to be covered by the bottom part of a bikini, which means any pubic hair visible beyond the boundaries of a swimsuit.<ref name=Embod1>Heinz Tschachler, Maureen Devine, Michael Draxlbauer; ''The EmBodyment of American Culture''; pp 61–62; LIT Verlag, Berlin-Hamburg-Münster; 2003; {{ISBN|3-8258-6762-5}}.</ref> Visible pubic hair is widely culturally disapproved, considered to be [[Embarrassment|embarrassing]], and often removed.<ref name=Embod1/> As popularity of bikinis grew, the acceptability of pubic hair diminished.<ref name=Han>David L. Hanlon, Geoffrey Miles White, ''Voyaging Through the Contemporary Pacific'', page 99, Rowman & Littlefield, 2000, {{ISBN|0742500454}}</ref> But, with certain styles of women's swimwear, pubic hair may become visible around the [[crotch]] area of a [[swimsuit]].<ref name=Embod1/> With the reduction in the size of swimsuits, especially since the advent of the bikini after 1945, the practice of bikini waxing has also become popular.<ref name=Embod1/> The Brazilian style which became popular with the rise of thong bottoms.<ref name=heinz/> Depending on the style of bikini-bottom and the amount of skin visible outside the bikini,<ref name=heinz>Heinz Tschachler, Maureen Devine and Michael Draxlbauer (ed.), ''The EmBodyment of American Culture'', page 62, LIT Verlag Münster, 2003, {{ISBN|978-3-8258-6762-1}}</ref> pubic hair may be styled into several styles<ref name=milady>Helen Bickmore; ''Milady's Hair Removal Techniques: A Comprehensive Manual''; Thomson Delmar Learning; 2003; {{ISBN|1-4018-1555-3}}</ref><ref name=essort>{{cite web |url=http://www.essortment.com/different-types-bikini-wax-application-techniques-59434.html |title=Different Types of Bikini Wax and Application Techniques |publisher=Essortment |accessdate=May 9, 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225003346/http://www.essortment.com/different-types-bikini-wax-application-techniques-59434.html |archivedate=December 25, 2013 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref name=BrBi>{{cite web |url=http://www.brazilian-bikinis.org/brazilianbikiniwax.html |title=Brazilian bikini wax |publisher=Brazilian Bikinis |accessdate=May 9, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121117052055/http://www.brazilian-bikinis.org/brazilianbikiniwax.html |archive-date=November 17, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> — American waxing (removal of pubic hair from the sides, top of the thighs, and under the navel), French waxing (leaves only a vertical strip in front), Brazilian waxing (removal of all hair in the pelvic area, particularly suitable for [[Thong (clothing)|thong bottoms]]).<ref>Milady, ''[https://books.google.com.bd/books?id=_DKKtUx5uo4C&pg=PA688&dq=%22bikini+waxing%22+evolution#v=onepage&q=%22bikini%20waxing%22%20evolution Milady Standard Cosmetology 2012]'', page 22, Cengage Learning, 2011, {{ISBN|1439059306}}</ref> ==Bikini tan== [[File:Tan lines on human female chest.jpg|thumb|upright|Tan lines created by a bikini]] The [[tan line]]s created by the wearing of a bikini while tanning are known as a bikini tan. A 1969 innovation of tan-through swimwear uses fabric which is perforated with thousands of micro holes that are nearly invisible to the naked eye, but which let enough sunlight through to produce a line-free tan.<ref name=nyt>{{cite news |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |title=Tan-Through Fabric Lets Sun Shine In |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1969/10/17/archives/tanthrough-fabric-lets-sun-shine-in.html |last=Taylor |first=Angela |date=October 17, 1969 |page=55}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1082764/3/ |title=Scorecard: No nudes is good news |magazine=[[Sports Illustrated]] |date=September 1, 1969 |accessdate=April 15, 2015 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012014005/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1082764/3/ |archivedate=October 12, 2013 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012014005/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1082764/3/ |date=ຕຸລາ 12, 2013 }}</ref> As bikinis leave most of the body exposed to potentially dangerous [[ultraviolet|UV]] radiation, overexposure can cause [[sunburn]], [[skin cancer]], as well as other acute and chronic [[Health effects of sun exposure|health effects]] on the skin, eyes, and [[immune system]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Health effects of UV radiation|url=http://www.who.int/uv/health/en/ |publisher=WHO|accessdate=March 7, 2015}}</ref> As a result, medical organizations recommend that bikini wearers protect themselves from UV radiation by using broad-spectrum [[sunscreen]], which has been shown to protect against sunburn, skin cancer,<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Kanavy HE |author2=Gerstenblith MR |title=Ultraviolet radiation and melanoma |journal=Semin Cutan Med Surg |volume=30 |issue=4 |pages=222–228 |date=December 2011 |pmid=22123420 |doi=10.1016/j.sder.2011.08.003 }}</ref> wrinkling and sagging skin.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1691732 |title=Sunscreen and Prevention of Skin Aging |journal=Annals of Internal Medicine |date=June 4, 2013 |author1=M.C.B. Hughes|author2=G.M. Williams|author3=P. Baker|author4=A.C. Green |volume=158 |issue=11 |pages=781–790 |doi=10.7326/0003-4819-158-11-201306040-00002|pmid=23732711 }}</ref> Certain sunscreen ingredients can cause harm if they penetrate the skin over time.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Burnett M.E. |author2=Wang S.Q. |title=Current sunscreen controversies: a critical review |journal=Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=58–67 |date=April 2011 |pmid=21392107 |doi=10.1111/j.1600-0781.2011.00557.x }}</ref> hwb53l0l3mnbz40e31d9c2dyl7eknpr 0 17131 130090 120824 2026-08-20T19:42:40Z InternetArchiveBot 13695 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 130090 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ຮູບ:Gay_flag.svg|thumb|261x261px|ທຸງສາຍຮຸ້ງສັນຍາລັກຂອງ ແອລຈີບີທີພຣາຍດ໌]] '''ແອລຈີບີທີ''' ({{Lang-en|LGBT}}) ຫຼື '''ກຸ່ມບຸກຄົນທີ່ມີຄວາມຫຼາກຫຼາຍທາງເພດ''' ແມ່ນອັກສອນຫຍໍ້ທີ່ມາຈາກຄຳວ່າ [[ຍິງຮັກຮ່ວມເພດ|ເລສບຽນ]] ({{Lang-en|Lesbian}}) [[ເກຜູ້ຊາຍ|ເກ]] ({{Lang-en|Gay}}) [[ຮັກຮ່ວມສອງເພດ|ໄບເຊັກຊວລ]] ({{Lang-en|Bisexual}}) ແລະ [[ຄົນຂ້າມເພດ|ທຣານສ໌ເຈນເດີ]] ({{Lang-en|Transgender}}) ປາກົດການໃຊ້ມາຕັ້ງແຕ່ຊຸມປີ 1990 ແລະແມ່ນການດັດແປງມາຈາກອັກສອນຫຍໍ້ ແອລຈີບີ ({{Lang-en|LGB}}) ທີ່ເຊີ່ງນຳມາໃຊ້ແທນຄຳວ່າ ເກ ເພື່ອສື່ເຖິງ[[ຊຸມຊົນແອລຈີບີທີ]]ໃນມຸມກວ້າງຂຶ້ນ ເລິ່ມຕັ້ງແຕ່ຊຸມປີ 1980<ref>''Acronyms, Initialisms & Abbreviations Dictionary'', Volume 1, Part 1. Gale Research Co., 1985, {{ISBN|978-0-8103-0683-7}}. [https://books.google.com/books?id=JDtUAAAAMAAJ Factsheet five, Issues 32–36, Mike Gunderloy, 1989]</ref> ທັ້ງອັກສອນຫຍໍ້ ແອລຈີບີທີ ແລະຮູບແບບອື່ນໆ ໃຊ້ເປັນຄຳກວ້າງໆ ເພື່ອສື່ເຖິງເພດວິຖີແລະຕົວຕົນທາງເພດຂອງບຸກຄົນ<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Parent|first1=Mike C.|last2=DeBlaere|first2=Cirleen|last3=Moradi|first3=Bonnie|date=June 2013|title=Approaches to Research on Intersectionality: Perspectives on Gender, LGBT, and Racial/Ethnic Identities|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_sex-roles_2013-06_68_11-12/page/639|journal=Sex Roles|volume=68|issue=11–12|pages=639–645|doi=10.1007/s11199-013-0283-2|s2cid=144285021}}</ref> ແອລຈີບີທີອາດຈະຫມາຍເຖິງບຸກຄົນທີ່ບໍ່ໄດ້ຮັກຕ່າງເພດ ຫຼືບໍ່ແມ່ນເພດຊິສ ຫຼາຍກວ່າທີ່ຈະໝາຍເຖິງສະເພາະກຸ່ມເລສບຽນ ເກ ໄບເຊັກຊວລ ແລະທຣານສ໌ເຈນເດີ ໂດຍສະເພາະ<ref name="The Handbook of Lesb" /> ເພື່ອໃຫ້ເປັນການຄອບຄຸມກຸ່ມບຸກຄົນທີ່ມີຄວາມຫຼາກຫຼາຍຫຼາຍຂຶ້ນ ຈຶງນິຍົມໃຊ້ອັກສອນຫຍໍ້ '''ແອລຈີບີທີຄິວ''' ({{Lang-en|LGBTQ}}) ເຊຶ່ງແມ່ນຮູບແບບທີ່ນິຍົມກວ່າ ໂດຍການເພິ່ມຕົວອັກສອນ ຄິວ (Q) ເພື່ອສື່ເຖິງບຸກຄົນທີ່ນິຍາມຕົນເອງວ່າແມ່ນ ເຄວັຍ ({{lang-en|Queer}}) ຫຼື ເຄວັສຊັນນິງ ({{lang-en|Questioning}} ຍັງບໍ່ຊັດເຈນ)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/arts-and-entertainment/wp/2014/05/23/civilities-what-does-the-acronym-lgbtq-stand-for/|access-date=February 19, 2018|work=[[The Washington Post]]|title=Civilities, What does the acronym LGBTQ stand for?}}</ref> ບາງທີມີການເພິ່ມກຸ່ມອິນເຕີເຊັກ ({{lang-en|Intersex}}) ເຂົ້າໄປ ແມ່ນອັກສອນຫຍໍ້ ແອລຈີບີທີໄອ ({{lang-en|LGBTI}})<ref>William L. Maurice, Marjorie A. Bowman, [https://books.google.com/books?id=HX9HAAAAMAAJ Sexual medicine in primary care], Mosby Year Book, 1999, {{ISBN|978-0-8151-2797-0}}</ref><ref name="Challenging Lesbian Nor" /> ແລະບາງຄັ້ງພົບນຳທັ້ງສອງຮູບແບບມາລວມກັນເປັນ ແອລຈີບີທີໄອຄິວ ({{lang-en|LGBTIQ}})<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/trans-women-march-for-their-rights-in-conservative-indonesia/4894550.html|title=Trans Women March for Their Rights in Conservative Indonesia|last=Siddharta|first=Amanda|date=April 28, 2019|website=VOA|language=en|access-date=April 28, 2019}}</ref> ນອກຈາກນີ້ຍັງປາກົດອັກສອນຫຍໍ້ໃນຮູບ ແອລຈີບີທີ+ ({{lang-en|LGBT+}}) ເພື່ອຮວມສະເປກຕຣຳຂອງເພດວິຖີແລະອັດຕະລັກທາງເພດອັນຫຼາກຫຼາຍຂອງມະນຸດທັ້ງໝົດ<ref name="udayton.edu">{{cite web|url=http://news.trust.org/item/20190426194739-w5zag/|title=Armenia's LGBT+ community still waits for change one year after revolution|last=Vikhrov|first=Natalie|date=April 26, 2019|website=Thomson Reuters Foundation|access-date=April 28, 2019|archive-date=ກຸມພາ 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224103611/http://news.trust.org/item/20190426194739-w5zag/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ຮູບແບບອື່ນໆ ທີ່ພົບບໍ່ເລື້ອຍ ເຊັ່ນ ແອລຈີບີທີຄິວໄອເອ+ ({{lang-en|LGBTQIA}})<ref>{{Cite web|title=LGBTQIA+ Terminology - Gender and Sexuality Student Services - UIS|url=https://www.uis.edu/gendersexualitystudentservices/about/lgbtqaterminology/|access-date=2021-01-18|website=www.uis.edu|language=en}}</ref> ໂດຍອັກສອນ ເອ (A) ມາຈາກ ອະເຊັກຊວລ ({{lang-en|Asexual}}) ອະໂຣແມນຕີກ ({{lang-en|Aromantic}}) ຫຼື ອອນລີ ({{lang-en|Ally}}) ສ່ວນຕົວຫຍໍ້ຮູບແບບອື່ນໆ ເຊິ່ງໃນບາງຮູບແບບມີຄວາມຍາວມາກກວ່າສອງເທົ່າສອງຂອງ ແອລຈີບີທີ ສາເຫດໃຫ້ການວິພາກວິຈານຂຶ້ນ<ref>{{cite web|url=https://qz.com/quartzy/1303522/the-new-rainbow-pride-flag-is-a-design-disaster-but-a-triumph-for-lgbtq-inclusiveness/|title=The new rainbow pride flag is a design disaster—but a triumph for LGBTQ inclusiveness|publisher=Quartz|date=2018-06-12|access-date=2020-07-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Coming to terms with terms|url=http://www.oakpark.com/News/Articles/9-24-2019/Coming-to-terms-with-terms/|access-date=2020-06-25|website=www.oakpark.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Oli|date=2019-12-04|title=The challenge of generosity|url=https://oliverarditi.com/2019/12/04/the-challenge-of-generosity/|access-date=2020-06-25|website=Oliver Arditi|language=en}}</ref> ແລະການຕີຄວາມວ່າຕົວຫຍໍ້ນີ້ເປັນການໝາຍເຖິງຊຸມຊົນກຸ່ມໃດກຸ່ມໜຶ່ງເປັນສະເພາະກໍ່ຍັງແມ່ນທີ່ຖົກຖຽງຢູ່<ref name="Counseling Lesbian, G">{{cite book|last1=Finnegan|first1=Dana G.|first2=Emily B.|last2=McNally|title=Counseling Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Substance Abusers: Dual Identities|publisher=Haworth Press|year=2002|isbn=978-1-56023-925-3|url=https://archive.org/details/counselinglesbia2002finn|url-access=registration}}</ref> == ອ້າງອິງ == [[ໝວດ:ເພດ]] [[ໝວດ:ເພດສະພາບຂອງມະນຸດ]] [[ໝວດ:ແອລຈີບີທີ]] 4z815t8qvt9etwvc1q3zu6oc6ie33io 0 17308 130153 128360 2026-08-21T08:11:34Z Randervik 18653 added [[Category:ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 130153 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ລະວັງສັບສົນ|ຟີຟ່າອາຊຽນຄັບ}} ການ'''ແຂ່ງຂັນເຕະບານຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ''' '''AFF Championship''' ແມ່ນລາຍການການແຂ່ງຂັນ [[ເຕະບານ|ບານເຕະ]] ຫລັກທີ່ຈັດຕັ້ງໂດຍ ສະຫະພັນບານເຕະອາຊຽນ (AFF). [[ເຕະບານ|ການ​ແຂ່ງ​ຂັນ​ບານ]]ລະດັບສະຫະພັນ​ສາ​ກົນ​ສອງ​ປີລະຄັ້ງ​, ​ແມ່ນ​ການ​ແຂ່ງ​ຂັນລະຫວ່າງ ​ທີມ​ຊາດ​ຊາຍ​ຊຸດໃຫ່ຍຂອງ AFF​, ເພື່ອ​ຕັດສິນ​ແຊ້ມ [[ອາຊີຕາເວັນອອກສຽງໃຕ້|​ອາ​ຊີ​ຕາ​ເວັນ​ອອກ​ສຽງ​ໃຕ້​ໄດ້]]​. ການແຂ່ງຂັນດັ່ງກ່າວໄດ້ຈັດຂຶ້ນທຸກໆ 2 ປີ ນັບຕັ້ງແຕ່ ປີ 1996, ຍົກເວັ້ນ ປີ 2007 ແລະ 2020 (ເຊິ່ງໄດ້ເລື່ອນໄປເປັນປີ 2021 ເນື່ອງຈາກການ ການລະບາດຂອງພະຍາດໂຄວິດ-19 ຢ່າງຕໍ່ເນື່ອງ). [[ຮູບ:2024 ASEAN United FC logo.svg|thumb|ໂລໂກ້]] [[ໝວດ:ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ]] 4suz7nkcqmucf40wu59214ql7iexb34 0 17524 130142 115377 2026-08-21T07:56:42Z CommonsDelinker 113 Replacing New_Gay_Pride_Flag.svg with [[File:Gay_Pride_flag.svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · The word "new" no longer adequately describes it.). 130142 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ຮູບ:LGBT Pride Flag.png|thumb|ທຸງ LGBTQ ທີ່ໃຊ້ເປັນສັນຍາລັກຂອງເກ]] [[ຮູບ:Gay Pride flag.svg|thumb|ທຸງເກທີ່ໃຊ້ສຳລັບເພດຊາຍໂດຍສະເພາະ]] '''ເກ''' ({{lang-en|Gay}}) ແມ່ນຄຳສັບທີ່ໃຊ້ເພື່ອອະທິບາຍຄົນທີ່ມັກຫຼືມີຄວາມສົນໃຈທາງເພດຕໍ່ຄົນທີ່ມີເພດດຽວກັນ. ສ່ວນຫຼາຍຄົນເຫຼົ່ານີ້ຍັງມີຄວາມສົນໃຈໃນຄວາມຮັກກັບຄົນເພດດຽວກັນນຳອີກ. ຄົນທີ່ເປັນເກສາມາດເປັນຜູ້ຊາຍທີ່ມັກຜູ້ຊາຍດ້ວຍກັນ ຫຼື ຜູ້ຍິງທີ່ມັກຜູ້ຍິງດ້ວຍກັນ. ຄຳວ່າ "ເກ" ສາມາດໝາຍເຖິງຄົນຮ່ວມເພດໃດກໍໄດ້, ແຕ່ບາງຄັ້ງມັນຖືກໃຊ້ສະເພາະກັບຜູ້ຊາຍຮ່ວມເພດເທົ່ານັ້ນ. ໃນກໍລະນີນັ້ນ, ຜູ້ຍິງຮ່ວມເພດຈະເອີ້ນວ່າ '''ເລສບຽນ''' "lesbian" ແທນ. ບາງຄັ້ງຄົນກໍໃຊ້ຄຳວ່າ "queer" ເພື່ອໝາຍເຖິງຄວາມໝາຍດຽວກັນກັບ "gay" ເມື່ອເວົ້າເຖິງເລື່ອງເພດສຳພັນ. ໃນ[[ຄິດຕະສັກກະຫຼາດ|ຄຣິຕທົດສະວັດ]]ທີ່ 1960 ຄຳວ່າ ''ເກ'' ໄດ້ກາຍເປັນຄໍາທີ່ນິຍົມໃນກຸ່ມຜູ້ຊາຍຮັກຮ່ວມເພດ<ref>{{cite web|title=Gay|url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/gay|website=[[Oxford English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|access-date=13 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521235009/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/gay|archive-date=21 May 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> ໝາຍຄວາມວ່າ "ມ່ວນຊື່ນ" ຫຼື "ມີຄວາມສຸກ" ແລະ ໄດ້ຖືກນໍາໃຊ້ຢ່າງກວ້າງຂວາງໃນປັດຈຸບັນ == ອ້າງອີງ == {{ລາຍການອ້າງອີງ}} {{ລົດສະນິຍົມທາງເພດ}} [[ໝວດ:ເກ]] [[ໝວດ:ເພດສຶກສາ]] [[ໝວດ:ຄວາມຮັກ]] [[ໝວດ:ຮັກຮ່ວມເພດ]] 9ckec84dckyap4x5x7jcpbpht585kxy 0 17737 130108 129705 2026-08-20T20:11:19Z InternetArchiveBot 13695 Add 5 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 130108 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ກ່ອງຂໍ້ມູນ ອະດີດປະເທດ | conventional_long_name = ໄຣຊ໌ເຢຍລະມັນ<br />{{small|{{nobold|(1933–1943)}}<br />{{lang|de|Deutsches Reich}}}}<hr />ໄຣຊ໌ເຢຍລະມັນໃຫຍ່<br />{{small|{{nobold|(1943–1945)}}<br />{{lang|de|Großdeutsches Reich}}}} | era = [[ສົງຄາມໂລກຄັ້ງທີ່ສອງ]] | government_type = [[ລັດດຽວ]] [[ລະບອບນາຊີ]] [[ລັດພັກ​ການ​ເມືອງດຽວ]] [[ລະບອບຟາດຊິດ]]ພາຍໃຕ້[[ລະບອບຜະເດັດການ|ຜະເດັດການ]][[ລະບບລວມອຳນາດທັ້ງໝົດ|ລວມອຳນາດທັ້ງໝົດ]] | event_start = [[ມັກແອຣ໌ໄກຟຸງ|ຍຶດອຳນາດ]] | date_start = 30 ມັງກອນ | year_start = 1933 | event1 = [[ລັດຖະບັນຍັດມອບອຳນາດ]] | date_event1 = 23 ມີນາ 1933 | event2 = [[ອັນສະລູດ]] | date_event2 = 12 ມີນາ 1938 | event3 = [[ການບຸກລຸກໂປແລນດ໌|ສົງຄາມປະທຸ]] | date_event3 = 1 ກັນຍາ 1939 | event4 = [[ການເສຍຊີວິດຂອງຮິດແລ|ຮິດແລເສຍຊີວິດ]] | date_event4 = 30 ເມສາ 1945 | event5 = [[ຍຸດທະການທີ່ແບກແລັງ|ແບກແລັງແຕກ]] | date_event5 = 2 ພຶດສະພາ 1945 | event_end = [[ກາສານຍອມຈຳນົນຂອງເຢຍລະມັນ|ຍອມຈຳນົນ]] | date_end = 8 ພຶດສະພາ | year_end = 1945 | event_post = [[ປະຕິນຍານແບກແລັງ (ຄ.ສ. 1945)|ປະຕິນຍານແບກແລັງ]] | date_post = 5 ມິຖຸນາ 1945 | p1 = ສາທາລະນະລັດໄວມາຣ໌ | flag_p1 = Flag of Germany (3-2).svg | p2 = ສະຫະພັນທະລັດໂອຕະລີດ | flag_p2 = Flag of Austria.svg | s1 = ປະເທດເຢຍລະມັນຕາເວັນອອກ | flag_s1 = Flag of East Germany.svg | s2 = ປະເທດເຢຍລະມັນຕາເວັນຕົກ | flag_s2 = Flag of Germany.svg | s3 = ປະເທດໂອຕະລີດ | flag_s3 = Flag of Austria.svg | image_flag = Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg | flag_type = [[ທຸງນາຊີເຢຍລະມັນ|ທຸງຊາດ]]<br />(1935–1945) | image_coat = Reichsadler.svg | coat_size = 120px | symbol_type = [[ເຄື່ອງໝາຍຊາດຂອງເຢຍລະມັນ|ເຄື່ອງໝາຍຊາດ]]<br />(1935–1945) | image_map = Greater German Reich (1942).svg | image_map_alt = | image_map_caption = ດິນແດນເຢຍລະມັນໃນສົງຄາມໂລກຄັ້ງທີ່ສອງ (ຄ.ສ. 1942) | national_anthem = ''[[ດັດລີດແດດອຍເຊີນ]]''<br />("ເພງຊາດເຢຍລະມັນ")<br /><div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">[[File: Das Deutschlandlied.ogg]]</div> <br />''[[ຮອດ-ເວດເຊິລ-ລີດ]]''<br />("ເພງຮອດ ເວດເຊິລ")<br /><div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">[[File:Песня Хорста Весселя.ogg]]</div> | capital = [[ເບີລິນ]] }} '''ນາຊີເຢຍລະມັນ''' ({{lang-de|Nationalsozialistisches Deutschland}}) ບາງຄັ້ງເອີ້ນວ່າ '''ໄຣຊ໌ທີ່ສາມ''' ({{lang-de|Drittes Reich}}) ມີຊື່ຢ່າງເປັນທາງການວ່າ '''ໄຣຊ໌ເຢຍລະມັນ''' ({{lang-de|Deutsches Reich}}) ແມ່ນຊື່ຂອງເຢຍລະມັນຕັ້ງແຕ່ ຄ.ສ. 1933 ເຖິງ ຄ.ສ. 1945 ນາຊີເຢຍລະມັນຖືກມອງວ່າເປັນຜູ້ສືບທອດຂອງ[[ຈັກກະວັດໂລມັນອັນສັກສິດ]] (ຄ.ສ. 800–1806) ແລະ[[ຈັກກະວັດເຢຍລະມັນ]] (ຄ.ສ. 1871–1918) ປະທານາທິບໍດີເຢຍລະມັນ [[ເພົາ ຟອນ ຮິນແດນບູກ]] ໄດ້ແຕ່ງຕັ້ງ[[ອາໂດນ ຮິດແລ|ຮິດແລ]]ເປັນນາຍົກລັດຖະມົນຕີໃນວັນທີ 30 ມັງກອນ ຄ.ສ. 1933 ທຳໃຫ້ພັກນາຊີເລີ່ມກໍາຈັດຄູ່ແຂ່ງທາງການເມືອງແລະຮວບອໍານາດ ຫຼັງຈາກການເສຍຊີວິດຂອງຮິນແດນບູກໃນວັນທີ 2 ສິງຫາ ຄ.ສ. 1934 ຮິດແລໄດ້ກາຍເປັນຜູ້ຜະເດັດການຂອງເຢຍລະມັນໂດຍການຮວມອໍານາດແລະຕໍາແຫນ່ງຂອງນາຍົກລັດຖະມົນຕີແລະປະທານາທິບໍດີ ໃນວັນທີ 19 ສິງຫາ ຄ.ສ. 1934 ມີການລົງປະຊາມະຕິທົ່ວປະເທດເພື່ອໃຫ້ຮິດແລເປັນ[[ຟືແລ]] (ຜູ້ນຳ) ຂອງເຢຍລະມັນແຕ່ພຽງຜູ້ດຽວ ໂດຍມີອຳນາດ​ທັງ​ໝົດ​ໃນ​ມື ແລະດຳລັດຂອງຮິດແລເປັນກົດໝາຍສູງສຸດ ລັດຖະບານບໍ່ແມ່ນໜ່ວຍງານທີ່ຮ່ວມມືກັນ ຫາກແຕ່ກະຈັດກະຈາຍແຍ່ງຊິງອຳນາດແລະຄວາມນິຍົມຈາກຮິດແລ ທ່າມກາງ[[ພາວະເສດຖະກິດຕົກຕໍ່າຄັ້ງໃຫຍ່]] ພວກນາຊີໄດ້ຟື້ນຟູສະຖຽນລະພາບທາງເສດຖະກິດແລະຢຸດຕິການວ່າງງານຂນານໃຫຍ່ ໂດຍລັດຖະບານນຳເງິນໄປທຸ່ມກັບການໃຊ້ຈ່າຍທາງທະຫານແລະ[[ເສດຖະກິດແບບຜະສົມ]]<ref>{{cite book|author1=Robert O. Paxton|author2=Julie Hessler|title=Europe in the Twentieth Century|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=M5wTncOaHEQC&pg=PA286|year=2011|publisher=Cengage |page=286}}</ref> ມີການດຳເນີນການນະໂຍບາຍສາທາລະນະຢ່າງກວ້າງຂວາງ ລວມທັງການກໍ່ສ້າງ[[ເອົາໂທບານ]] ແລະ​ການ​ຟື້ນ​ຟູ​ສະຖຽນ​ລະ​ພາບທາງເສດຖະກິດຊ່ວຍເພີ່ມ​ຄວາມ​ນິຍົມ​ຂອງ​ລະບອບ​ນາ​ຊີ ການຢຽດເຊື້ອຊາດ ({{lang-en|racism}}) ໂດຍສະເພາະການຕໍ່ຕ້ານຊາວຍິວ ເປັນຫົວໃຈຫຼັກຂອງອຸດົມການຂອງນາຊີເຢຍລະມັນ ໂດຍຖືວ່າປະຊາຊົນເຢຍລະມັນເປັນເຊື້ອສາຍອາລະຍັນທີ່ບໍລິສຸດທີ່ສຸດ ດັ່ງນັ້ນຈຶ່ງເປັນ[[ຊົນຊາດປົກຄອງ]] (master race) ການເລືອກປະຕິບັດແລະການຂ້າ[[ຊາວຢິວ]]ແລະ[[ຊາວໂຣມານີ]] (ຍິບຊີ) ໄດ້ເລີ່ມຕົ້ນຫຼັງຈາກການຍຶດຄອງອຳນາດ ຄ້າຍກັກກັນແຫ່ງແຮກຖືກສ້າງຂຶ້ນໃນເດືອນມີນາ ຄ.ສ. 1933 ຊາວຢິວແລະຄົນກຸ່ມອື່ນທີ່ບໍ່ເປັນທີ່ຕ້ອງການຖືກຄຸມຂັງ ກຸ່ມຄອມມິວນິດ ສັງຄົມນິຍົມ ແລະພວກເສລີນິຍົມລ້ວນຖືກຂ້າຕາຍ ຄຸມຂັງ ຫຼືຖືກເນລະເທດ ໂບດຄຣິສຕຽນແລະຜູ້ທີ່ຕໍ່ຕ້ານການປົກຄອງຂອງຮິດແລຖືກກົດຂີ່ແລະຜູ້ນໍາຈໍານວນຫຼາຍຂອງພວກເຂົາຖືກຄຸມຂັງ ດ້ານການສຶກສາຈະເນັ້ນໄປທີ່ຊີວະວິທະຍາເຊື້ອຊາດ ນະໂຍບາຍປະຊາກອນ ແລະເສີມຄວາມສາມາດທາງກາຍສໍາ​ລັບຣາດຊະການ​ທະ​ຫານ​ ໂອກາດທາງດ້ານອາຊີບແລະການສຶກສາຂອງສະຕີຖືກລົດ ມີການຈັດນັນທະນາການແລະການທ່ອງທ່ຽວຜ່ານໂຄງການ[[ຄວາມແຂງແຮງຜ່ານຄວາມຮື່ນເຮິງ]] (Strength Through Joy) ມີການໃຊ້[[ໂອລິມປິກລືດູຮ້ອນ 1936]] ເພື່ອນຳສະເໜີນາຊີເຢຍລະມັນໃນເວທີສາກົນ ລັດຖະມົນຕີໂຄສະນາການ [[ໂຍແຊັບ ເກີບເບິລ]] ໄດ້ໃຊ້ພາບພະຍົນ ການຊຸມນຸມມວນຊົນ ແລພວາທະສິນຈັບຈິດຮິດແລເພື່ອຄວບຄຸມມະຕິມະຫາຊນຢ່າງໄດ້ຜົນ<ref>{{cite book|author=Peter Watson|title=Modern Mind: An Intellectual History of the 20th Century|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=JVdMSavwwHoC&pg=PA328|year=2002|publisher=HarperCollins|page=328}}</ref> ລັດຖະບານຄວບຄຸມການສະແດງອອກທາງສິນລະປະ ໂດຍສະໜັບສະໜູນສິນລະປະບາງຮູບແບບ ແຕ່ຂັດຂວາງຫຼືຫ້າມສິນລະປະຮູບແບບອື່ນ<ref>{{cite book|author=Stephen J. Lee|title=Weimar and Nazi Germany|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=eRDg5_Ay_PcC&pg=PA56|year=1996|publisher=Heinemann|page=56}}</ref> ເລີ່ມຕັ້ງແຕ່ປາຍຄິດທດສະວັດ 1930 ນາຊີເຢຍລະມັນຮຽກຮ້ອງດິນແດນຢ່າງກ້າວຮ້າວມາກຂຶ້ນເລີ່ອຍ ໆ ແລະຂູ່ທຳສົງຄາມຫາກຂ້ອຮຽກຮ້ອງບ່ໄດ້ຮັບການຕອບສະໜອງ ຈົນທີ່ສຸດນາຊີເຂົ້າຍຶດ[[ປະເທດໂອຕະລີດ|ໂອຕະລີດ]]ແລະ[[ປະເທດເຊໂກສະໂລວາເກຍ|ເຊໂກສະໂລວາເກຍ]]ເກືອບທັງໝົດໃນປີ 1938 ແລະ 1939 ຈາກນັ້ນຮິດແລທຳ[[ສົນທິສັນຍາໂມໂລຕອບ-ຣິບເບນທອບ|ສົນທິສັນຍາບ່ຮຸກຮານ]]ກັບ[[ໂຈເຊັບ ສະຕາລິນ]] ແລະ[[ການບຸກລຸກໂປແລນດ໌|ບຸກລຸກໂປແລນດ໌]]ໃນວັນທີ່ 1 ກັນຍາ 1939 ເປັນການເປີດສາກ[[ສົງຄາມໂລກຄັ້ງທີ່ສອງ]]ໃນທະວີບເອີຣົບ ກະທັ່ງຕົ້ນປີ 1941 ນາຊີເຢຍລະມັນໄດ້ຄວບຄຸມດິນແດນສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ໃນເອີຣົບ [[ໄຮຊ໌ຄອມມິດຊາຮີອາດ]] (Reichskommissariat) ເຂົ້າໄປຄວບຄຸມດິນແດນທີ່ນາຊີເຢຍລະມັນຍຶດຄອງ ມີການຈັດຕັ້ງ[[ເຂດປົກຄອງສາມັນ|ລັດຖະບາລສາມັນ]]ໃນສ່ວນທີ່ເຫຼືອຂອງໂປແລນດ໌ ຂະນະດຽວກັນເຢຍລະມັນໄດ້ຍຶດຄອງຊັບພະຍາກອນແລະແຮງງານຈາກດິນແດນນັ້ນ ໆ ໄປຄອບຄອງ ຫຼັງການຮຸກຮານ[[ສະຫະພາບໂຊວຽດ]]ໃນປີ 1941 ນາຊີເຢຍລະມັນກໍ່ເລີ່ມເປັນລອງ ແລະພ່າຍແພ້ທາງທະຫານຫຼາຍຄັ້ງໃນປີ 1943 ການທິ້ງລະເບີດທາງອາກາດຕ່ອປະເທດເຢຍລະມັນມາກຂຶ້ນໃນປີ 1944 ແລະຝ່າຍອັກສະຖອຍຈາກເອີຣົບຕາເວັນອອກແລະເອີຣົບໃຕ້ ຫຼັງການບຸກຄອງປະເທດຝະຣັ່ງຂອງຝ່າຍສັມພັນທະມິດ ປະເທດເຢຍລະມັນຖືກໂຊວຽດຈາກຕາເວັນອອກແລະຝ່າຍສັມພັນທະມິດຕາເວັນຕົກພິຊິດແລະຍອມຈຳນົນໃນນຶ່ງປີ ການທີ່ຮິດແລປະຕິເສດຄວາມພ່າຍແພ້ທຳໃຫ້ໂຄງສ້າງພື້ນຖານຂອງເຢຍລະມັນຖືກທຳລາຍລ້າງຂະໜານໃຫຍ່ແລະການເສຍຊີວິດທີ່ມາກຂຶ້ນໃນເດືອນທ້າຍຂອງສົງຄາມ ຝ່າຍສັມພັນທະມິດເລີ່ມໃຊ້ນະໂຍບາຍ[[ການຂະຈັດນາຊີ]]ແລະນຳຕົວຜູ້ນຳນາຊີທີ່ຮອດຊີວິດມາພິຈາລານາຄະດີອາດຊະຍາກຳສົງຄາມໃນ[[ການພິຈາລານາຄະດີເນືອນແບກ]] (Nuremberg trials) ສ່ວນດິນແດນນາຊີເຢຍລະມັນຖືກຝ່າຍສັມພັນທະມິດ[[ເຢຍລະມັນພາຍໃຕ້ການຍົດຄອງຂອງສັມພັນທະມິດ|ຍຶດຄອງ]]ຫຼັງສົງຄາມເຊ່ນດຽວກັບ[[ຈັກກະວັດຍີ່ປຸ່ນ]] == ຊື່ == ຊື່ຢ່າງເປັນທາງການຂອງລັດແມ່ນ ດອຍເຊີດໄຣຊ໌ ("ໄຣຊ໌ເຢຍລະມັນ") ຕັ້ງແຕ່ປີ 1933 ເຖີງ 1943 ແລະໂກດດອຍເຊິດໄຣຊ໌ ("ໄຣຊ໌ເຢຍລະມັນໃຫຍ່") ຕັ້ງແຕ່ປີ 1943 ເຖີງ 1945 ໃນພາສາອັງກິກມັກແປຄຳວ່າດອຍເຊິດໄຣຊ໌ເປັນຈັກກະວັດເຢຍລະມັນ<ref name="van Wie 1999">{{cite book|last=van Wie|first=Paul D.|title=Image, History and Politics: The Coinage of Modern Europe| year = 1999| publisher = University Press of America "|location = Lanham, Md|isbn = 978-0-7618-1221-0 | page=37 }}</ref> ເຊິ່ງຄຳວ່າ "ໄຣຊ໌" ນີ້ມີຄວາມໝາຍວ່າ "ແຜ່ນດິນ" ອັນໝາຍເຖີງອານາຈັກຂອງ[[ໄກແຊ]] (Kaiser) ສ່ວນຄຳວ່າ "ໄຣຊ໌ທີ່ສາມ" ນັ້ນ ພວກນາຊີຮັບມາໃຊ້ເມື່ອແຮກໃນນະວະນິຍາຍປີ 1923 ໂດຍອາທົວ ເມີລແລ ຟັນ ເດນ ບຸກ<ref name="TR-N-01">{{cite book|last=|first=|url=http://www.amazon.com/Man-Who-Invented-Third-Reich/dp/0750918667|authorlink=Stan Lauryssens|title=The man who invented the Third Reich: the life and times of Arthur Moeller van den Bruck|year=May 1, 1999|publisher=Npi Media Ltd|location=|isbn=978-0-75-091866-4|pages=}}</ref> ເຊິ່ງນັບ[[ຈັກກະວັດໂລມັນອັນສັກສິດ]]ໃນ[[ສະໄໝກາງ]] (ຄ.ສ. 962–1806) ເປັນໄຣຊ໌ທີ່ໜຶ່ງ ແລະ[[ຈັກກະວັດເຢຍລະມັນ]] (ຄ.ສ. 1871–1918) ເປັນໄຣຊ໌ທີ່ສອງ ປັດຈຸບັນຊາວເຢຍລະມັນຮຽກສະໄໝນີ້ວ່າ ໄຊເດດນາຊິໂຍນນັນໂຊຊີອັນອິດມຸດ ຫຼືຍ່ອເປັນ ເອນເອດ-ໄຊ ("ສະໄໝຊາດສັງຄົມນິຍົມ") ຫຼື ນາຊິໂຍນນັນໂຊຊີອັນອິດທິດແຊ ເກວັນແທຊັບ ("ທໍລະລາດຊາດສັງຄົມນິຍົມ") == ປະຫວັດສາດ == === ສະໄໝສາທາລະນະລັດໄວມາຣ໌ === {{Main|ສາທາລະນະລັດໄວມາຣ໌}} ເສດຖະກິດເຢຍລະມັນຖົດຖອຍຢ່າງຫຼາຍຫຼັງສົງຄາມໂລກຄັ້ງທີ່ໜື່ງ ບາງສ່ວນມາຈາກການຈ່າຍຄ່າປະຕິກຳສົງຄາມທີ່ກຳໜົດພາຍໃຕ້[[ສົນທິສັນຍາແວກໄຊ]]ປີ ຄ.ສ. 1919 ລັດຖະບານພິມເງິນເພື່ອຊຳຮະເງິນແລະຈ່າຍຄືນໜີ້ສົງຄາມຂອງປະເທດ ວິກິດເງິນເຟ້ອເກີນທີ່ຕາມມາທຳໃຫ້ລາຄາສິນຄ້າຈຳເປັນແພງຂຶ້ນຫຼາຍ ເກີດຄວາມວຸ່ນວານທາງເສດຖະກິດແລະຄວາມອຶດຢາກ<ref>Evans 2003, p. 103–108</ref> ເມື່ອລັດຖະບານບໍ່ສາມາດຊຳຮະຄ່າປະຕິກຳໃນເດືອນມັງກອນປີ ຄ.ສ. 1923 ທະຫານຝຣັ່ງຈຶ່ງຍຶດຄອງພື້ນທີ່ອຸດສາຫະກຳຂອງເຢຍລະມັນໃນເຂດຣູຣ໌ ແລະເກີດຄວາມບໍ່ສະຫງັດຂອງປະຊາຊນຕາມມາ<ref>Evans 2003, pp. 186–187</ref> [[ພັກນາຊີ|ພັກກຳມະກອນຊາດສັງຄົມນິຍົມເຢຍລະມັນ]] (ພັກນາຊີ) ທີ່ປ່ຽນມາຈາກ[[ພັກກຳມະກອນເຢຍລະມັນ]]ຊຶ່ງກໍ່ຕັ້ງໃນປີ ຄ.ສ. 1919 ເປັນພັກການເມືອງຂວາຈັດທີ່ດຳເນີນການໃນສາທາລະນະລັດເຢຍລະມັນຕອນນັ້ນ<ref>Evans 2003, pp. 170–171</ref> ນະໂຍບາຍຂອງພັກນາຊີ ຄື ການຂະຈັດ[[ສາທາລະນະລັດໄວມາຣ໌]] ການປະຕິເສດເງື່ອນໄຂຂອງສົນທິສັນຍາແວກໄຊ [[ການຕໍ່ຕ້ານຍິວ]]ຢ່າງຮຸນແຮງ ແລະການຕໍ່ຕ້ານ[[ຄອມມູນິດ]]<ref>Goldhagen 1996, p. 85</ref> ນາຊີສັນຍາວ່າຈະຕັ້ງລັດຖະບານກາງທີ່ເຂັ້ມແຂງ ເພີ່ມ[[ເລເບີນສ໌ເຣົາມ໌]] (ພື້ນທີ່ອາໄສ) ສຳຫຼັບຊນຊາດເຢຍແມນິກ (Germanic) ການສ້າງຊຸມຊນແຫ່ງເຊື້ອຊາດ ແລະການທຳເຊື້ອຊາດບໍລິສຸດໂດຍປາບປາມຊາວຍິວຢ່າງຮຸນແຮງ ຊາວຍິວທັງປວງຖືກຖອດສິດທິພົນລະເມືອງ<ref>Goldhagen 1996, pp. 202–203</ref> ນາຊີສະເໜີການຟື້ນຟູຊາດແລະວັດທະນະທຳໂດຍຍຶດຂະບວນການເຟິລຄິດ<ref>Kershaw 2008, p. 81</ref> ຕັ້ງແຕ່ປີ ຄ.ສ. 1925 ເຖິງທົດສະວັດ 1930 ລັດຖະບານເຢຍລະມັນປ່ຽນຈາກລະບອບປະຊາທິປະໄຕເປັນລັດ[[ຜະເດັດການ]] ຊາດນິຍົມ ແລະອະນຸລັກນິຍົມພາຍໃຕ້ປະທານາທິບໍດີ[[ເພົາ ຟອນ ຮິນແດນບູກ]] ລັດຖະບຸລຸດເຢຍລະມັນຜູ້ບໍ່ນິຍົມລະບອບປະຊາທິປະໄຕເສລີນິຍົມໃນສາທາະລະນະລັດໄວມາຣ໌<ref>Mary Fulbrook. ''The Divided Nation: A History of Germany, 1918-1990''. Oxford UP, 1992, 45</ref> ຜົນການເລືອກຕັ້ງສະຫະພັນທະລັດໃນປີ ຄ.ສ. 1928 ປາກົດພັກນາຊີໄດ້ຄະແນນສຽງຕ່ຳຫຼາຍພຽງ 12 ທີ່ນັ່ງ ເນື່ອງຈາກ[[ກະບົດໂຮງເບຍ]]<ref>{{Citation |first=M. |last=Broszat |title=Hitler and the Collapse of Weimar Germany |location=Oxford |publisher=Berg Publishers |year=1987 |page=9 |isbn=0854965092 }}.</ref> ເມື່ອ[[ຕະຫລາດຫລັກຊັບ|ຕະຫຼາດຫຼັກຊັບ]]ໃນສະຫະລັດ[[ເຫດການຕະຫຼາດຫຼັກຊັບວອລລ໌ສະຕຣີດຕົກ ຄ.ສ. 1929|ຕົກໃນວັນທີ່ 24 ຕຸລາ ຄ.ສ. 1929]] ຜົນກະທບໃນເຢຍລະມັນນັ້ນຮ້າຍແຮງຫຼາຍ ຫຼາຍລ້ານຄົນຕົກງານ ແລະທະນາຄານຫຼັກຂອງປະເທດລົ້ມລະລາຍ ຮິດແລແລະພັກນາຊີຕຕຽມຄວ້າໂອກາດຈາກວິກິດນີ້ເພື່ອໃຫ້ໄດ້ຮັບການສະໜັບສະໜຸນ ຮິດແລສັນຍາຈະສ້າງເສດຖະກິດແລະຈັດຫາງານ<ref>Shirer 1960, pp. 136–137</ref> ຜູ້ມີສິດທິເລືອກຕັ້ງທັງຫຼາຍເຊື່ອວ່າພັກນາຊີສາມາດແກ້ໄຂປັນຫາໃນຕອນນີ້ໄດ້ ທຳໃຫ້ໃນການເລືອກຕັ້ງສະຫະພັນທະລັດປີ ຄ.ສ. 1932 ພັກນາຊີໄດ້ຄະແນນສຽງຫຼາຍສຸດໃນສະພາໄຣຊສ໌ທາກ 230 ທີ່ນັ່ງ ໂດຍຄິດເປັນ 37.4 %<ref>Kolb 2005, p. 224–225</ref> === ການຍຶດອຳນາດຂອງນາຊີ=== {{main|ມັກແອຣ໌ໄກຟຸງ}} ເຖິງພັກນາຊີຈະມີສັດສ່ວນຄະແນນສຽງຂອງຜູ້ມີສິດທິເລືອກຕັ້ງຫຼາຍທີ່ສຸດໃນການເລືອກຕັ້ງສະພາໄຣຊສ໌ທາກສອງຄັ້ງໃນປີ ຄ.ສ. 1932 ແຕ່ກໍບໍ່ຍັງຄອງສຽງຂ້າງມາກ ທຳໃຫ້ຮິດແລສ້າງຕັ້ງລັດຖະບານຜະສົມອາຍຸສັ້ນຂອງພັກນາຊີແລະ[[ພັກປະຊາຊົນແຫ່ງຊາດເຢຍລະມັນ]] (DNVP)<ref>Evans 2003, pp. 293,302</ref> ໃນວັນທີ່ 30 ມັງກອນ ຄ.ສ. 1933 ດ້ວຍແຮງກົດດັນຈາກນັກການເມືອງ ນັກອຸດສາຫະກຳແລະທຸລະກິດ ປະທານາທິບໍດີຮິນແດນບູກຈຶ່ງແຕ່ງຕັ້ງຮິດແລແມ່ນນາຍົກລັດຖະມົນຕີເຢຍລະມັນ ຊຶ່ງເຫດການນີ້ເອີ້ນກັນວ່າ "ມັກແອຣ໌ໄກຟຸງ" (''ການຍຶດອຳນາດ'') ໃນອີກຫຼາຍເດືອນຕໍ່ມາ ພັກນາຊີໃຊ້ກະບວນການທີ່ເອີ້ມວ່າ "[[ໄກລຊ໌ຊັລທຸງ]]" (''ການປະສານງານ'') ເພື່ອນຳທຸກແງ່ມຸມຊີວິດມາຢູ່ພາຍໃຕ້ພັກຢ່າງຮວດເຮັວ<ref>McNab 2009, p. 14</ref> ອົງການພົນລະເລືອນທຸກແຫ່ງ ຮວມທັງກຸ່ມກະເສດຕະກຳ ອົງການອາສາສະໝັກແລະສະໂມສອນກີລາ ມີການປ່ຽນຕົວຜູ້ນຳແມ່ນຝ່າຍສະໜັບສະໜຸນຫຼືສະມາຊິກພັກນາຊີ ໃນເດືອນມິຖຸນາ ຄ.ສ. 1933 ອົງການທີ່ຍັງບໍ່ຖືກຄວບຄຸມໂດຍພັກນາຊີມີແຄ່ກອງທັບກັບແລະສາດສະນະຈັກເທົ່ານັ້ນ<ref>Evans 2005, p. 14</ref> [[File:Riksdagsbrannen.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[ເຫດເພີງໄໝ້ໄຣຊສ໌ທາກ]]]] ຄືນວັນທີ່ 27 ກຸມພາ ຄ.ສ. 1933 [[ເຫດເພີງໄໝ້ໄຣຊສ໌ທາກ|ສະພາໄຮຊສ໌ທາກຖືກວາງເພີງ]] ໂດຍ[[ມາຣີນຶສ ຟັນ ເດີລຶບເບີ]] ຊາວເນເທີແລນດ໌ຫົວຄອມມູນິດ ຖືກກ່າວຫາວ່າວາງເພີງ ພັກນາຊີອ້າງວ່າເຫດການນີ້ແມ່ນສັນຍາຂອງການກະບົດຂອງຄອມມູນິດ ທຳໃຫ້ເກີດການປາບປາມຄອມມູນິດຢ່າງຮຸນແຮງໂດຍໜ່ວຍ[[ຊະຕວມອັບໄທລຸງ]] (SA) ທົ່ວປະເທດ ແລະສະມາຊິກພັກຄອມມູນິດແຫ່ງເຢຍລະມັນສີ່ພັນຄົນຖືກຈັບ [[ກິດສະດີກາເພີງໄໝ້ໄຣຊສ໌ທາກ]]ທີ່ກຳໜົດເມື່ອວັນທີ່ 28 ກຸມພາ ຄ.ສ. 1933 ເພີກຖອນເສລີພາບພົນລະເມືອງສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ຂອງເຢຍລະມັນເພື່ອປາບປາມຄູ່ແຂ່ງທາງການເມືອງ ຮວມເຖິງສິດທິໃນການຊຸມນຸມແລະເສລີພາບສື່ ກິດສະດີກາດັງກ່າວຍັງໃຫ້ຕຳຫຼວດມີອຳນາດກັກຂັງບຸກຄົນໂດຍບໍ່ມີການຕັ້ງຂໍ້ຫາຫຼືຄຳສັ່ງສານ ກົດໝາຍນີ້ມີການໂຄສະນາຊວນເຊື່ອຊຶ່ງທຳໃຫ້ສາທາລະນະສະໜັບສະໜຸນມາດຕະການດັງກ່າວ<ref>Evans 2003, pp. 329–334</ref> ໃນເດືອນມີນາ ຄ.ສ. 1933 [[ລັດຖະບັນຍັດມອບອຳນາດ]] ຊຶ່ງແມ່ນການແກ້ໄຂເພີ່ມເຕີມລັດຖະທຳມະນູນເຢຍລະມັນ ຜ່ານຄວາມເຫັນຊອບຂອງສະພາໄຣຊສ໌ທາກດ້ວຍຄະແນນສຽງ 444 ຕໍ່ 94<ref>Evans 2003, p. 354</ref> ການແກ້ໄຂເພີ່ມເຕີມນີ້ໃຫ້ອຳນາດຮິດແລແລະຄະນະລັດຖະມົນຕີຜ່ານກົດໝາຍຊຶ່ງຂັດຕໍ່ລັດຖະທຳມະນູນໄດ້ ໂດຍໄມ່ຕ້ອງຜ່ານຄວາມເຫັນຊອບຈາກປະທານາທິບໍດີຫຼືໄຣຊສ໌ທາກ<ref>Evans 2003, p. 351</ref> ເນື່ອງຈາກລ່າງກົດໝາຍດັງກ່າວຕ້ອງການຝ່າຍຂ້າງມາກ 2 ໃນ 3 ເຖິງຈະຜ່ານ ນາຊີຈຶ່ງໃຊ້ບົດບັນຍັດແຫ່ງກິດສະດີກາເພີງໄໝ້ໄຣຊສ໌ທາກກັນບໍ່ໃຫ້ຜູ້ແທນພັກສັງຄົມປະຊາທິປະໄຕເຂົ້າຮ່ວມປະຊຸມ ໂດຍນັກຄອມມູນິດຖືກຫ້າມໄປກ່ອນແລ້ວ<ref>Shirer 1960, p. 196</ref> <ref>Evans 2003, p. 336</ref> ວັນທີ່ 10 ພຶດສະພາ ລັດຖະບານຍຶດຊັບສິນຂອງນັກສັງຄົມປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ແລະຖືກຫ້າມໃນເດືອນມິຖຸນາ<ref>Evans 2003, pp. 358–359</ref> ພັກການເມືອງທີ່ເຫຼືອຖືກຍຸບ ແລະໃນວັນທີ່ 14 ກໍລະກົດ ຄ.ສ. 1933 ເຢຍລະມັນກາຍມາແມ່ນລັດພັກການເມືອງດຽວໃນທາງປະຕິບັດ ເພາະມີການຫ້າມສ້າງຕັ້ງພັກການເມືອງໃໝ່<ref>Shirer 1960, p. 201</ref> ການເລືອກຕັ້ງຕໍ່ມາໃນປາຍປີ ຄ.ສ. 1933, 1936 ແລະ 1938 ຢູ່ພາຍໃຕ້ພັກນາຊີທັງໝົດ ແລະມີພຽງນາຊີແລະນັກການເມືອງອິດສະລະເລັກນ້ອຍທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບເລືອກຕັ້ງ ສະພາ ລັດພູມິພາກ ແລະໄຣຊ໌ສະຣັດ (ສະພາສູງສະຫະພັນທະລັດ) ຖືກຍຸບໃນເດືອນມັງກອນ ຄ.ສ. 1934<ref>Evans 2005, p. 109</ref> ລະບອບນາຊີຍົກເລີກເຄື່ອງໝາຍຊາດແບບໄວມາຣ໌ ຮວມທັງທຸງຊາດດຳ-ແດງ-ທອງ ແລະໃຊ້ການິຍົມຈັກກະວັດທີ່ປັບປຸງໃໝ່ ທຸງຊາດດຳ-ຂາວ-ແດງສະໄໝຈັກກະວັດຖືກນຳມາໃຊ້ເປັນໜື່ງໃນສອງທຸງຊາດທາງການຂອງເຢຍລະມັນ ສຳລັບທຸງທີ່ສອງນັ້ນແມ່ນທຸງສະວັດດິກະຂອງພັກນາຊີ ຊຶ່ວຕໍ່ມາກາຍມາແມ່ນທຸງຊາດເຢຍລະມັນດ່ຽວໃນປີ ຄ.ສ. 1935 ເພງປະຈຳພັກນາຊີຢ່າງ "[[ຮອດ-ເວດເຊິລ-ລີດ|ເພງຮອດ ເວດເຊິລ]]" ກໍກາຍມາແມ່ນເພງຂາດທີ່ສອງເຊ່ນກັນ<ref>Cuomo 1995, p. 231</ref> ໃນຊ່ວງນີ້ ປະເທດເຢຍລະມັນຍັງຕົກຢູ່ໃນສະຖານະການຮ້າຍທາງເສດຖະກິດ ປະຊາຊົນຫຼາຍລ້ານຄົນວ່າງງານແລະການຂາດດຸນການຄ້າຍັງນ່າກົວ ຮິດແລຊາບດີວ່າການຟື້ນຟູເສດຖະກິດແມ່ນສຳຄັນ ດັງນັ້ນໃນປີ ຄ.ສ. 1934 ຈຶ່ງມີການໃຊ້ໂຄງການໂຍທາສາທາລະນະຂາດດຸນ ຊາວເຢຍລະມັນຮວມ 1.7 ລ້ານຄົນຖືກສົ່ງໄປເຮັດງານໃນໂຄງການຕ່າງ ໆ ຊຶ່ງໃນປີດຽວກັນ<ref>McNab 2009, p. 54</ref> ຄ່າຈ້າງສະເລ່ຍຕໍ່ຊົ່ວໂມງແລະຕໍ່ສັບດາເລີ່ມເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນ<ref>McNab 2009, p. 56</ref> ຊໍ້ຮຽກຮ້ອງເພີ່ມອຳນາດທາງການເມືອງແລະທະຫານຂອງ SA ທຳໃຫ້ເກີດຄວາມກັງວົນໃນໝູ່ຜູ້ບັນຊາການທະຫານ ແລະຜູ້ນຳທາງອຸດສາຫະກຳແລະການເມືອງ ຮິດແລຈຶ່ງຕອບກັບໂດຍກວາດລ້າງຜູ້ບັນຊາການ SA ທັງໝົດໃນ[[ຄືນມີດຍາວ]] ກິນເວລາຕັ້ງແຕ່ວັນທີ່ 30 ມິຖຸນາ ເຖິງ 2 ກໍລະກົດ ຄ.ສ. 1934 ຮິດແລກຳໜົດເປົ້າໝາຍແມ່ນ[[ແອນສທ໌ ເຣີມ]] ແລະຜູ້ບັນຊາການ SA ຜູ້ອື່ນ ຕະຫຼອດຈົນສັດຕູທາງການເມືອງຂອງຮິດແລ ຊຶ່ງທັງໝົດຖືກຈັບກຸມແລະຍິງ<ref>Evans 2005, pp. 31–34</ref> ວັນທີ 2 ສິງຫາ ຄ.ສ. 1934 ປະທານາທິບໍດີຮິນແເນບູກເສຍຊີວິດ ແຕ່ໜຶ່ງວັນກ່ອນ ຄະນະລັດຖະນົມຕີໄດ້ຕາ "ກົດໝາຍວ່າດ້ວຍຕຳແໜ່ງລັດສູງສຸດແຫ່ງໄຣຊ໌" ຊຶ່ງມີໃຈຄວາມວ່າ ຄັ້ງຮິນແດນບູກເສຍຊີວິດ ຕຳແໜ່ງປະທານາທິບໍດີຈະຖືກຍຸບແລະຮວມອຳນາດເຂົ້າກັບຕຳແໜ່ງນາຍົກລັດຖະນົມຕີ ເຮັດໃຫ້ຮິດແລກາຍເປັນປະມຸກແຫ່ງລັດເຊ່ນດຽວກັບຫົວໜ້າລັດຖະບານ ລາວໄດ້ຮັບການແຕ່ງຕັ້ງເປັນ "[[ຟືແລ|ຟືແລແລະນາຍົກລັດຖະມົນຕີໄຣຊ໌]]" ຢ່າງເປັນທາງການ ຕອນນີ້ປະເທດເຢຍລະມັນແມ່ນລັດຜະເດັດການເບັດເສັດໂດຍມີຮິດແລເປັນປະມຸກ ໃນຖານະປະມຸກ ຮິດແລຈຶ່ງໄດ້ເປັນຜູ້ບັນຊາການສູງສຸດແຫ່ງແວຣ໌ມັກທ໌ ກົດໝາຍໃໝ່ປ່ຽນຄຳສາບານຄວາມພັກດີຂອງທະຫານໃຫ້ຍືນຍັນຄວາມພັກດີຕ່ອຮິດແລທີ່ເປັນບຸກຄົນບໍ່ໃຊ່ຕຳແໜ່ງຜູ້ບັນຊາການທະຫານ ວັນທີ 19 ສິງຫາ ຜູ້ມີສິດທິອອກສຽງ 90 % ລົງປະຊາມະຕິເຫັນຊອບການຮວມຕຳແໜ່ງປະທານາທິບໍດີແລະນາຍົກລັດຖະມົນຕີ ຊາວເຢຍລະມັນສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ໂລ່ງໃຈວ່າຄວາມຂັດແຍ້ງແລະການຕໍ່ສູ້ຕາມຖະນົນໃນສະໄໝໄວມາຣ໌ໄດ້ສິ້ນສຸດລົງ ທັງໄດ້ຮັບການໂຄສະນາຊວນເຊື່ອທີ່[[ໂຍແຊັບ ເກີບເບິລ]] ແມ່ນຜູ້ສັ່ງການ ຊຶ່ງສັນຍາສັນຕິພາບແລະຄວາມບໍລິບູນແກ່ປະຊາຊນທຸກຄົນໃນປະເທດເອກະພາບໂດຍບໍ່ມີມາກຊິສຕ໌ແລະບໍ່ຜູກມັດສົນທິສັນຍາແວກໄຊ ມີການເປີດ[[ຄ່າຍກັກກັນນາຊີ]]ຫຼັກແຫ່ງແຮກ ຊຶ່ງເດີມໃຊ້ຂັງນັກໂທດການເມືອວທີ່[[ຄ່າຍກັກກັນດາເຄົາ|ດາເຄົາ]]ໃນປີ ຄ.ສ. 1933<ref>Evans 2003, p. 344</ref> ມີການສ້າງຕັ້ງຄ່າຍເຫຼ່ານີ້ຫຼາຍຮ້ອຍແຫ່ງ<ref>Evans 2008, loc=map, p.&nbsp;366</ref> ເມື່ອຍຶດອຳນາດ ນາຊີໃຊ້ມາດຕະການກົດຂີ່ຕໍ່ການຄັດຄ້ານທາງການເມືອງແລະເລີ່ມການກີກກັນຢ່າງກວ້າງຂວາງຕໍ່ບຸກຄນທີ່ບໍ່ພຶງປາດຖະໜາທາງສັງຄົມ ນາຊີຮວບອຳນາດມະຫາສານໂດຍໃຊ້ຂໍ້ອ້າງການຕໍ່ສູ້ຄອມມູນິດບັງໜ້າ ນອກຈາກນີ້ ການລົນນະລົງຕໍ່ຕ້ານຊາວຍິວໃນປະເທດເຢຍລະມັນຍັງຄົງດຳເນີນຕໍ່ໄປ ເລີ່ມຕັ້ງແຕ່ເດືອນເມສາ ຄ.ສ. 1933 ມີການເລີ່ມມາດຕະການຕ່າງ ໆ ຊຶ່ງນິຍາມສະຖານະພາບຍິວແລະສິດທິຍິວໃນລະດັບພູມິພາກແລະຊາດ<ref>Walk 1996, pp. 1–128</ref> ການເລີ່ມຕົ້ນແລະການມອບອຳນາດກົດໝາຍຕໍ່ຕ້ານຍິວ ເຮັດໃຫ້ມີການສ້າງຕັ້ງ[[ກົດໝາຍເນືອນແບກ]]ປີ ຄ.ສ. 1935 ຊຶ່ງຮັບສິດທິຂັ້ນພື້ນຖານຂອງຍິວ<ref>Friedländer 2009, pp. 44–53</ref> ນາຊີຈະຍຶດຄວາມມັ່ງຄັ່ງ ການສົມລົດກັບຜູ້ບໍ່ໃຊ່ຍິວ ແລະສິດທິການເຂົ້າທຳງານໃນສາຊາຕ່າງ ໆ (ເຊ່ນ ດ້ານກົດໝາຍ ແພດສາດ ຫຼືຄູອາຈານ) ຈົນທ້າຍສຸດປະກາດວ່າຍິວບໍ່ພຶງປາດຖະໜາທີ່ຈະຢູ່ຮ່ວມກັບສັງຄົມເຢຍລະມັນ ຊຶ່ງຍິ່ງລົດຄວາມເປັນມະນຸດຂອງຍິວ ອາດແຍ້ງໄດ້ວ່າ ການເຮັດເຫຼ່ານີ້ເຮັດໃຫ້ເກີດໂຮໂລໂກດ ຊາດພັນເຢຍລະມັນຜູ້ບໍ່ຊອບການຕໍ່ຕ້ານຍິວຫຼືບໍ່ຟັງໂຄສະນາຂອງນາຊີຈະຖືກ[[ເກດຕາໂປ]]ຕວບ ຖືກຍຶດສິດທິ ຫຼືຖືກສົ່ງໄປຄ່າຍກັກກັນ<ref>Fritzsche 2008, pp. 76–142</ref> === ນະໂຍບາຍຕ່າງປະເທດແສນຍະນິຍົມ === [[File:Reichsparteitag 1935.jpg|thumb|left|180px|[[ການຊຸມນຸມທີ່ເນືອນແບກ]]ປີ 1935]] ເມື່ອຕົ້ນເດືອນກຸມພາ ຄ.ສ. 1933 ຮິດແລປະກາດວ່າຈະສ້າງເສີມອາວຸດ ໂດຍຕອນແຮກກະທຳໃນທາງລັບ ເນື່ອງຈາກລະເມີດສົນທິສັນຍາແວກໄຊ ປີຕໍ່ມາລາວບອກຜູ້ນຳທະຫານວ່າປີ ຄ.ສ. 1942 ແມ່ນເປົ້າໝາຍສູ່ສົງຄາມໃນຕາເວັນອອກ<ref>{{harvnb|Evans|2005|pp=338–339}}</ref> ລາວພາປະເທດເຢຍລະມັນອອກຈາກ[[ສັນນິບາດຊາດ]]ໃນປີ ຄ.ສ. 1933 ໂດຍອ້າງວ່າ ຂໍ້ກຳໜົດການລົດກຳລັງລົບບໍ່ຍຸຕິທຳ ເນື່ອງຈາກມີຜົນບັງຄັບຕໍ່ແຄ່ປະເທດເຢຍລະມັນ มี<ref>{{harvnb|Evans|2005|p=618}}</ref> ດິນແດນຊາຣ໌ທີ່ຖືກຄວບຄຸມໂດຍສັນນິບາດຊາດແມ່ນເວລາ 15 ປີຫຼັງສົງຄາມໂລກຄັ້ງທີໜຶ່ງ ອອກສຽງລົງຄະແນນໃນເດືອນມັງກອນ ຄ.ສ. 1935 ແມ່ນສ່ວນໜຶ່ງຂອງເຢຍລະມັນ<ref>{{harvnb|Evans|2005|p=623}}</ref> ໃນເດືອນມີນາ ຄ.ສ. 1935 ຮິດແລປະກາດວ່າໄຣຊ໌ສະເວຣ໌ຈະເພີ່ມກຳລັງເປັນ 550,000 ນາຍ ແລະລາວຈະສ້າງຕັ້ງກອງທັບອາກາດ<ref>{{harvnb|Kitchen|2006|p=271}}</ref> ບຣິເຕນເຫັນຊອບວ່າຊາວເຢຍລະມັນຄວນມີກອງທັບເຮືອ ໂດຍລົງນາມຄວາມຕົກລົງນາວີອັງກິດ-ເຢຍລະມັນເມື່ອວັນທີ 18 ມິຖຸນາ ຄ.ສ. 1935<ref>{{harvnb|Evans|2005|p=629}}</ref> ເມື່ອການຮຸກຮານເອຕິໂອປີຂອງອີຕາລີເຮັດການປະທ້ວງເລັກນ້ອນຈາກລັດຖະບານບຣິເຕນແລະຝຣັ່ງ ວັນທີ 7 ມີນາ ຄ.ສ. 1936 ຮິດແລໃຊ້ສົນທິສັນຍາຄວາມຊ່ວຍເຫຼືອກັນຝຣັ່ງ-ໂຊວຽດແມ່ນຂໍ້ອ້າງໃນການສັ່ງກອງທັບບົກໃຫ້ເຄື່ອນກຳລັງ 3,000 ນາຍ ເຂົ້າສູ່ເຂດປອດທະຫານໃນ[[ໄຣນ໌ລັນທ໌]] ຊຶ່ງແມ່ນການລະເມີດສົນທິສັນຍາແວກໄຊ<ref>{{harvnb|Evans|2005|pp=633}}</ref> ເນື່ອງຈາກດິນແດນນີ້ແມ່ນສ່ວນໜຶ່ງຂອງເຢຍລະມັນ ລັດຖະບານບຣິເຕນແລະຝຣັ່ງຈຶ່ງບໍ່ຮູ້ສຶກວ່າການພະຍາຍາມບັງຄັບໃຊ້ສົນທິສັນຍານັ້ນຈະຄຸ້ມຄອງຄວາມສ່ຽງສົງຄາມ<ref>{{harvnb|Evans|2005|pp=632–637}}</ref> ໃນການເລືອກຕັ້ງພັກດຽວທີ່ຈັດໃນວັນທີ 29 ມີນາ ພັກນາຊີໄດ້ຮັບການສະໜັບສະໜຸນ 98.9 %<ref>{{harvnb|Evans|2005|pp=632–637}}</ref> ໃນປີ ຄ.ສ. 1936 ຮິດແລລົງນາມ[[ກະຕິກາສັນຍາຕໍ່ຕ້ານໂຄມິນເທິຣ໌ນ]]ກັບປະເທດຍີ່ປຸ່ນ ແລະຄວາມຕົກລົງບໍ່ຮຸກຮານກັບນາຍົກລັດຖະມົນຕີ[[ເບນິໂຕ ມຸດໂສລິນີ]] ແຫ່ງຟາດຊິດອີຕາລີ ຊຶ່ງຮຽກວ່າ "ອັກສະໂຣມ-ເບີລິນ"<ref>{{harvnb|Evans|2005|p=641}}</ref> ຮິດແລສົ່ງໜ່ວຍອາກາດແລະຍານເກາະສະໜັບສະໜຸນພົນເອກ[[ຟານສີດໂກ ຟັງໂກ້]] ແລະກຳລັງຊາດນິຍົມໃນ[[ສົງຄາມກາງເມືອງແອັດສະປາຍ]] ຊຶ່ງປະທຸໃນເດືອນກໍລະກົດ ຄ.ສ. 1936 ສະຫະພາບໂຊວຽດໄດ້ມີການສົ່ງກຳລັງທີ່ເລັກກວ່າເຂົ້າຊ່ວຍລັດຖະບານສາທາລະນະລັດນິຍົມເຊ່ນກັນ ແຕ່ສົງຄາມຈົບລົງໂດຍໄຊຊະນະຂອງຝ່າຍຊາດນິຍົມຟັງໂກ້ໃນປີ ຄ.ສ. 1939 ແລະກາຍມາແມ່ນພັນທະມິດຢ່າງບໍ່ທາງການຂອງນາຊີເຢຍລະມັນ<ref>{{harvnb|Steiner|2011|pp=181–251}}</ref> === ໂອຕະລີດແລະເຊໂກສະໂລວາເກຍ === [[File:Skica německého vpádu do českých zemí.gif|thumb|ການຮຸກຮານເຊໂກສະໂລວາເກຍຂອງເຢຍລະມັນ]] ໃນເດືອນກຸມພາ ຄ.ສ. 1938 ຮິດແລເນ້ນຍ້ຳຄວາມຈຳເປັນຂອງເຢຍລະມັນໃນການຮັກສາຄວາມປອດໄພເຂດແດນແກ່ນາຍົກລັດຖະນົມຕີໂອຕະລີດ[[ຄວດ ຊຸດຊະນິດ]] (Kurt Schuschnigg) ຊຸດຊະນິກຈັດການລົງປະຊາມະຕິວ່າດ້ວຍເອກະລາດຂອງໂອຕະລີດໃນວັນທີ 13 ມີນາ ແຕ່ຮິດແລຮຽກຮ້ອງໃຫ້ຍົກເລີກ ວັນທີ 11 ມີນາ ຮິດແລຍື່ນຄຳຂາດແກ່ຊຸດຊະນິດຮຽກຮ້ອງໃຫ້ລາງມອບອຳນາດແກ່ພັກນາຊີໂອຕະລີດຫຼືພະເຊີນການຮຸກຮານ ກອງທັບແວຣ໌ມັກເຂົ້າຮຸກຮານໂອຕະລີດວັນຕໍ່ມາແລະໄດ້ຮັບການຕ້ອນຮັບຢ່າງດີຈາກປະຊາຊນ<ref>{{harvnb|Evans|2005|pp=646–652}}</ref> ສາທາລະນະລັດເຊໂກສະໂລວາເກຍແມ່ນທີ່ອາໄສຂອງຊົນກຸ່ມນ້ອຍເຢຍລະມັນຈຳນວນຫຼາຍ ຊຶ່ງສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ອຍູ່ໃນ[[ຊູແດແຕນ]] ພາຍໃຕ້ແຮງກົດດັນຈາກກຸ່ມແບ່ງແຍກດິນແດນໃນພັກເຢຍລະມັນຊູແດແຕນ ເຮັດໃຫ້ລັດຖະບານເຊໂກສະໂລວາເກຍສະເນີສັມປະທານເສດຖະກິດແກ່ພູມິພາກນີ້<ref>{{harvnb|Evans|2005|p=667}}</ref> ຮິດແລຕັດສິນໃຈຮວມທັງປະເທດເຊໂກສະໂລວາເກຍບໍ່ໃຊ່ແຄ່ຊູແດແຕນເຂົ້າສູ່ໄຣຊ໌ເຢຍລະມັນ<ref>{{harvnb|Kershaw|2008|p=417}}</ref> ນາຊີດຳເນີນການລົນນະລົງໂຄສະນາຊວນເຊື່ອເພື່ອປຸກເຮົ້າການສະໜັບສະໜຸນການຮຸກຮານ<ref>{{harvnb|Kershaw|2008|p=419}}</ref> ຜູ້ນຳສູງສຸດຂອງກອງທັບບໍ່ເຫັນຊອບກັບແຜນນີ້ເພາະເຢຍລະມັນບໍ່ພ້ອມທຳສົງຄາມ<ref>{{harvnb|Evans|2005|pp=668–669}}</ref> ວິກິດນີ້ເຮັດໃຫ້ບຣິເຕນ ເຊໂກສະໂລວາເກຍ ແລະຝຣັ່ງ (ພັນທະມິດເຊໂກສະໂລວາເກຍ) ຕຽມເຮັດສົງຄາມ ໃນຄວາມພະຍາຍາມລ່ຽງສົງຄາ ນາຍົກລັດຖະມົນຕີບຣິເຕນ[[ເນວິລ ເຊມເບີລິນ]] ຈັດການປະຊຸມຫຼາຍຄັ້ງ ແລະລົງນາມໃນ[[ຄວາມຕົກລົງມິວນິກ]]ໃນວັນທີ 29 ກັນຍາ ຄ.ສ. 1938 ລັດຖະຍານເຊໂກສະໂລວາເກຍຖືກບັງຄັບໃຫ້ມອບຊູແດແຕນກັບເຢຍລະມັນ ເຊມເບີລິນໄດ້ຮັບການຕ້ອນຮັບດ້ວຍສຽງສະໜັບສະໜຸນເມື່ອລາວກັບມາເຖິງລອນດອນ ລາວບອກວ່ານີ້ຄື "ສັນຕິພາບສັຫຼັບສະໄໝເຮາ"<ref>{{harvnb|Evans|2005|pp=671–674}}</ref> ຄວາມຕົກລົງນີ້ກິນເວລາຫົກເດືອນກ່ອນຮິດແລຈະຍຶດເຊໂກສະໂລວາເກຍທັງປະເທດໃນເດືອນມັງກອນ ຄ.ສ. 1939<ref>{{harvnb|Evans|2005|p=683}}</ref> ມີການສ້າງຕັ້ງລັດຫຸ່ນເຊີດໃນ[[ສາທາລະນະລັດສະໂລວັກທີ 1|ສະໂລວາກີ]]<ref>{{harvnb|Beevor|2012|p=24}}</ref> {{ໂຄງ-ສ່ວນ}} ==ອ້າງອີງ== {{reflist}} == ບັນນານຸກົມ == {{refbegin|colwidth=30em}} * {{cite encyclopedia | editor-last1 = Bartrop | editor-first1 = Paul R. | editor-last2 = Jacobs | editor-first2 = Leonard | title = Einsatzgruppen | encyclopedia = Modern Genocide: The Definitive Resource and Document Collection | volume = 1 | publisher = ABC-CLIO | location = Santa Barbara, CA | date = 2014 | isbn = 978-1-61069-363-9 }} * {{cite book | last = Beevor | first = Antony | author-link = Antony Beevor | title = Berlin: The Downfall 1945 | year = 2002 | publisher = Viking-Penguin Books | location = London | isbn = 978-0-670-03041-5 | title-link = Berlin: The Downfall 1945 }} * {{cite book | last = Beevor | 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Nazis and Soviets | date = February 1997 | publisher = University of California at Berkeley | work = econ161.berkeley.edu | url = http://econ161.berkeley.edu/TCEH/Slouch_Purge15.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080511190923/http://econ161.berkeley.edu/TCEH/Slouch_Purge15.html | access-date = 21 April 2013 | archive-date = 11 May 2008 | url-status = dead | df = dmy-all }} * {{citation | title = Die Bevölkerung des Deutschen Reichs nach den Ergebnissen der Volkszählung 1939 | trans-title = Population of the German Realm according to the 1939 census | location = Berlin | year = 1941 | issue = 2 | postscript = . | ref = {{sfnRef|1939 Census}} }} * {{cite book | last = Dönitz | first = Karl | author-link = Karl Dönitz | title = Memoirs: Ten Years and Twenty Days | year = 2012 | orig-year = 1958 | publisher = Frontline | location = London | isbn = 978-1-84832-644-6 }} * {{cite book | last = Dorland | first = Michael | title = Cadaverland: Inventing a Pathology of Catastrophe for Holocaust Survival: The Limits of Medical Knowledge and Memory in France | publisher = University Press of New England | series = Tauber Institute for the Study of European Jewry series | location = Waltham, Mass | year = 2009 | isbn = 978-1-58465-784-2 }} * {{cite journal | last = Dussel | first = Konrad | title = Wie erfolgreich war die nationalsozlalistische Presselenkung? | url = https://archive.org/details/vierteljahrshefte-fur-zeitgeschichte_2010-10_58_4/page/543 | trans-title = How Successful was National Socialist Control of the Daily Press? | language = de | journal = Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte | date = 2010 | volume = 58 | issue = 4 | pages = 543–561 | doi = 10.1524/vfzg.2010.0026 | s2cid = 147376008 }} {{subscription required}} * {{cite book | title = Encyklopedia Powszechna PWN | volume = 3 | year = 2004 | publisher = Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe | location = Warsaw | language = pl | isbn = 978-83-01-14179-0 | ref = {{sfnRef|Powszechna PWN|2004}} }} * {{cite book | last1 = Ericksen | first1 = Robert P. | author-link1 = Robert Ericksen | last2 = Heschel | first2 = Susannah | author-link2 = Susannah Heschel | title = Betrayal: German Churches and the Holocaust | year = 1999 | publisher = Augsberg Fortress | location = Minneapolis | isbn = 978-0-8006-2931-1 | url = https://archive.org/details/betrayalgermanch00eric }} * {{cite web | title = "Euthanasie" im Nationalsozialismus | year = 2012 | work = Das Bundesarchiv | publisher = Government of Germany | language = de | url = https://www.bundesarchiv.de/benutzung/zeitbezug/nationalsozialismus/00303/index.html.de | access-date = 19 May 2013 | ref = {{sfnRef|Bundesarchiv, "Euthanasie" im Nationalsozialismus}} | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131021060807/http://www.bundesarchiv.de/benutzung/zeitbezug/nationalsozialismus/00303/index.html.de | archive-date = 21 October 2013 | df = dmy-all }} * {{cite book | last = Evans | first = Richard J. | author-link = Richard J. 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Der "Generalplan Ost". Hauptlinien der nationalsozialistischen Planungs- und Vernichtungspolitik by Mechtild Rössler; Sabine Schleiermacher | journal = Central European History | volume = 29 | issue = 2 | year = 1996 | pages = 270–274 | doi = 10.1017/S0008938900013170}} * {{cite book | last = Gellately | first = Robert | title = Social Outsiders in Nazi Germany | year = 2001 | publisher = Princeton University Press | location = Princeton, NJ | isbn = 978-0-691-08684-2 }} * {{cite book | author = Germany (West) Presse- und Informationsamt | title = Germany Reports. With an introduction by Konrad Adenauer | year = 1961 | publisher = F. Steiner | location = Wiesbaden | language = de | oclc = 5092689 | ref = {{sfnRef|''Germany Reports''|1961}} }} * {{cite book | last = Gill | first = Anton | author-link = Anton Gill | title = An Honourable Defeat: A History of the German Resistance to Hitler | url = https://archive.org/details/honourabledefeat0000gill_s8m1 | year = 1994 | publisher = Heinemann | location = London }} * {{cite book | last = Gill | first = Roger | title = Theory and Practice of Leadership | url = https://archive.org/details/theorypracticeof0000gill | year = 2006 | publisher = SAGE Publications | location = London | isbn = 978-0-7619-7176-4 }} * {{cite book | last = Glantz | first = David M. | author-link = David Glantz | title = When Titans Clashed: How the Red Army Stopped Hitler | publisher = University Press of Kansas | location = Lawrence, KS | year = 1995 | isbn = 978-0-7006-0899-7 | url = https://archive.org/details/whentitansclashe00glan_0 }} * {{cite news | last = Goebel | first = Nicole | title = Auschwitz-Birkenau: 4 out of 10 German students don't know what it was | url = https://www.dw.com/en/auschwitz-birkenau-4-out-of-10-german-students-dont-know-what-it-was/a-40734980 | work = Deutsche Welle | date = 28 September 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170928204158/https://www.dw.com/en/auschwitz-birkenau-4-out-of-10-german-students-dont-know-what-it-was/a-40734980 | archive-date = 28 September 2017 | url-status = live | access-date = 16 February 2019 }} * {{cite book | last = Goeschel | first = Christian | title = Suicide in Nazi Germany | year = 2009 | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = Oxford; New York | isbn = 978-0-19-953256-8 }} * {{cite book | last = Goldhagen | first = Daniel | author-link = Daniel Goldhagen | title = Hitler's Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust | year = 1996 | publisher = Knopf | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-679-44695-8 | title-link = Hitler's Willing Executioners}} * {{cite book | last = Grunberger | first = Richard | author-link = Richard Grunberger | year = 1971 | title = The 12-Year Reich: A Social History of Nazi Germany 1933–1945 | publisher = Holt Rinehart and Winston | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-03-076435-6 | url = https://archive.org/details/12yearreichsoc00grun }} * {{cite journal | last = Hamblet | first = Wendy C. | title = Book Review: Götz Aly: Hitler's Beneficiaries: Plunder, Racial War, and the Nazi Welfare State | journal = Genocide Studies and Prevention | year = 2008 | volume = 3 | issue = 2 | pages = 267–268 | doi = 10.1353/gsp.2011.0076 | s2cid = 143661188 }} * {{cite journal | last = Hanauske-Abel | first = Hartmut M. | title = Not a slippery slope or sudden subversion: German medicine and National Socialism in 1933 | journal = BMJ | date = 7 December 1996 | volume = 313 | issue = 7070 | pages = 1453–1463 | doi = 10.1136/bmj.313.7070.1453 | url = http://www.ippnw.org/pdf/mgs/3-hanauske-abel.pdf | pmid = 8973235 | pmc = 2352969 | access-date = 2021-03-04 | archive-date = 2020-04-17 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200417021728/https://www.ippnw.org/pdf/mgs/3-hanauske-abel.pdf | url-status = dead }} * {{Cite news | last1 = Harding | first1 = Thomas | author-link = Thomas Harding (writer) | title = Battle of Britain was won at sea. Discuss | url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1527068/Battle-of-Britain-was-won-at-sea.-Discuss.html | website = The Telegraph | access-date = 22 December 2017 | date = 23 August 2006 }} * {{cite book | last1 = Heinemann | first1 = Isabel | last2 = Oberkrome | first2 = Willi | last3 = Schleiermacher | first3 = Sabine | last4 = Wagner | first4 = Patrick | title = Nauka, planowanie, wypędzenia : Generalny Plan Wschodni narodowych socjalistów : katalog wystawy Niemieckiej Współnoty Badawczej | year = 2006 | publisher = Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft | language = pl | url = https://www.dfg.de/download/pdf/dfg_magazin/wissenschaft_oeffentlichkeit/ausstellungen/generalplan_ost/generalplan_ost_katalog_pl_120131.pdf | location = Bonn | ref = {{sfnRef|Heinemann et al.|2006}} | access-date = 2023-03-06 | archive-date = 2019-04-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190402074959/https://www.dfg.de/download/pdf/dfg_magazin/wissenschaft_oeffentlichkeit/ausstellungen/generalplan_ost/generalplan_ost_katalog_pl_120131.pdf | url-status = dead }} * {{cite book|last=Richter|first=Heinz A.|title=Greece in World War II|others=transl by Kostas Sarropoulos|publisher=Govostis|year=1998|location=Athens|language=el |isbn=978-960-270-789-0}} * {{cite book | last = Hildebrand | first = Klaus | author-link = Klaus Hildebrand | title = The Third Reich | year = 1984 | publisher = George Allen & Unwin | location = Boston | isbn = 978-0-04-943032-7 | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/thirdreich0000hild }} * {{cite book | last = Hoffmann | first = Peter | author-link = Peter Hoffmann (historian) | title = German Resistance to Hitler | year = 1988 | publisher = Harvard University Press | location = Cambridge; London | isbn = 978-0-674-35085-4 | url = https://archive.org/details/germanresistance00pete }} * {{cite book | last = Hoffmann | first = Peter | title = The History of the German Resistance, 1933–1945 | orig-year = 1977 | year = 1996 | publisher = McGill-Queen's University Press | location = Montreal | isbn = 978-0-7735-1531-4 }} * {{cite book | last = Hosking | first = Geoffrey A. | author-link = Geoffrey Hosking | title = Rulers and Victims: The Russians in the Soviet Union | year = 2006 | publisher = Harvard University Press | location = Cambridge | isbn = 978-0-674-02178-5 | url = https://archive.org/details/rulersvictimsrus00hosk }} * {{cite book | last = Hubert | first = Michael | title = Deutschland im Wandel. Geschichte der deutschen Bevolkerung seit 1815 | year = 1998 | publisher = Steiner, Franz Verlag | language = de | location = Stuttgart | isbn = 978-3-515-07392-9 }} * {{cite book | last = Kershaw | author-link = Ian Kershaw | first = Ian | title = Hitler, 1936–1945: Nemesis | url = https://archive.org/details/hitler193645neme0000kers_n4x3 | location = New York; London | publisher = W. W. Norton & Company | year = 2000b | isbn = 978-0-393-32252-1 }} * {{cite book | last = Kershaw | first = Ian | year = 2000a | edition = 4th | title = The Nazi Dictatorship: Problems and Perspectives of Interpretation | publisher = Arnold | location = London | isbn = 978-0-340-76028-4 | url = https://archive.org/details/nazidictatorship00kers }} * {{cite book |last = Kershaw | first = Ian | title = The "Hitler Myth": Image and Reality in the Third Reich |url = https://archive.org/details/hitlermythimager0000kers_s7n6 | year = 2001 | orig-year = 1987 | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = Oxford; New York | isbn = 978-0-19-280206-4 }} * {{cite book | last = Kershaw | first = Ian | title = Hitler: A Biography | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerbiography0000kers | publisher = W. W. Norton & Company | location = New York | year = 2008 | isbn = 978-0-393-06757-6 }} * {{cite book | last = Kershaw | first = Ian | title = The End: Hitler's Germany, 1944–45 | year = 2011 | publisher = Penguin | location = London; New York | isbn = 978-1-59420-314-5 | url = https://archive.org/details/enddefiancedestr00kers_0 }} * {{citation | title = Kinobesuche in Deutschland 1925 bis 2004 | publisher = Spitzenorganisation der Filmwirtschaft e. V | url = http://www.spio.de/media_content/610.pdf | language = de | access-date = 4 September 2019 | ref = {{sfnRef|SPIO, Department of Statistics}} | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120204111257/http://www.spio.de/media_content/610.pdf | archive-date = 4 February 2012 | df = dmy-all | postscript = . }} * {{cite book | last = Kirschbaum | first = Stanislav J. | title = A History of Slovakia: The Struggle for Survival | year = 1995 | publisher = St. Martin's Press | location = New York | isbn = 978-1-4039-6929-3 | url = https://archive.org/details/historyofslovaki00kirs }} * {{Cite book | last = Kitchen | first = Martin | author-link = Martin Kitchen | title = A History of Modern Germany, 1800–2000 | url = https://archive.org/details/historyofmoderng0000kitc | year = 2006 | publisher = Blackwell | location = Malden, MA | isbn = 978-1-4051-0040-3 }} * {{cite book | last = Klemperer | first = Klemens von | author-link = Klemens von Klemperer | title = German Resistance Against Hitler: The Search for Allies Abroad 1938-1945 | year = 1992 | publisher = Oxford University Press | isbn = 978-0-19-160679-3 }} * {{cite book | last=Koonz | first=Claudia | title=The Nazi Conscience | location=Cambridge, MA | publisher=Belknap Press of Harvard University Press | year=2003 | isbn=978-0-674-01172-4 | url=https://archive.org/details/naziconscience00koon }} * {{cite magazine | last = Lakotta | first = Beate | title = Tief vergraben, nicht dran rühren | magazine = [[Der Spiegel]] | date = March 2005 | issue = 2 | pages = 218–221 | publisher = Spiegel-Verlag | location = Hamburg | language = de | url = http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/spiegelspecial/d-39863564.html }} * {{cite journal | last = Lambert | first = Peter | title = Heroisation and Demonisation in the Third Reich: The Consensus-building Value of a Nazi Pantheon of Heroes | journal = Totalitarian Movements & Political Religions | year = 2007 | volume = 8 | issue = 3–4 | pages = 523–546 | doi = 10.1080/14690760701571155 | s2cid = 144769526 }} * {{cite book | last = Lauryssens | first = Stan | author-link = Stan Lauryssens | title = The Man Who Invented the Third Reich: The Life and Times of Arthur Moeller van den Bruck | url = https://archive.org/details/manwhoinventedth0000laur | year = 1999 | publisher = Sutton | location = Stroud |isbn = 978-0-7509-1866-4 }} * {{cite news | title = Leni Riefenstahl | date = 10 September 2003 | work = [[The Daily Telegraph]] | location = [[London]] | issn = 0307-1235 | oclc = 49632006 | url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1440991/Leni-Riefenstahl.html?pageNum=3 | access-date = 10 May 2013 | ref = {{sfnRef|''The Daily Telegraph'', 2003}} }} * {{cite web | last = Libionka | first = Dariusz | title = The Catholic Church in Poland and the Holocaust, 1939–1945 | work = The Reaction of the Churches in Nazi Occupied Europe | publisher = Yad Vashem | url = http://www.yadvashem.org/download/about_holocaust/christian_world/libionka.pdf | access-date = 26 August 2013 | ref = {{sfnRef|Libionka, ''The Catholic Church in Poland''}} | archive-date = 17 ເມສາ 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200417021806/https://www.yadvashem.org/download/about_holocaust/christian_world/libionka.pdf | url-status = dead }} * {{cite journal | last = Longerich | first = Peter | author-link = Peter Longerich | title = Hitler's Role in the Persecution of the Jews by the Nazi Regime | at = 17. 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Lukas | title = Did the Children Cry?: Hitler's War Against Jewish and Polish Children, 1939–1945 | orig-year = 1994 | year = 2001 | publisher = Hippocrene | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-7818-0870-5 | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/didchildrencryhi0000luka }} * {{cite book | last = Majer | first = Diemut | title = "Non-Germans" under the Third Reich: The Nazi Judicial and Administrative System in Germany and Occupied Eastern Europe, with Special Regard to Occupied Poland, 1939–1945 | year = 2003 | publisher = Johns Hopkins University Press | location = Baltimore; London | isbn = 978-0-8018-6493-3 }} * {{cite book | last1 = Manvell | first1 = Roger | author1-link = Roger Manvell | last2 = Fraenkel | first2 = Heinrich | author2-link = Heinrich Fraenkel | title = Heinrich Himmler: The Sinister Life of the Head of the SS and Gestapo | url = https://archive.org/details/heinrichhimmlers0000manv | year = 2007 | orig-year = 1965 | publisher = Greenhill; Skyhorse | location = London; New York | isbn = 978-1-60239-178-9 }} * {{cite book | last = Manvell | first = Roger | title = Goering | publisher = Skyhorse | location = London | year = 2011 | orig-year = 1962 | isbn = 978-1-61608-109-6 }} * {{cite book | last = Marcuse | first = Harold | author-link = Harold Marcuse | title = Legacies of Dachau: The Uses and Abuses of a Concentration Camp, 1933-2001 | url = https://archive.org/details/legaciesofdachau0000unse | year = 2001 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge; New York | isbn = 978-0-521-55204-2 }} * {{cite book | last = Martin | first = Bernd | title = Japan and Germany in the Modern World | year = 2005 | orig-year = 1995 | publisher = Berghahn Books | location = New York; Oxford | isbn = 978-1-84545-047-2 }} * {{cite book | last1 = Materski | first1 = Wojciech | last2 = Szarota | first2 = Tomasz | title = Polska 1939–1945: straty osobowe i ofiary represji pod dwiema okupacjami | year = 2009 | publisher = Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu | language = pl | isbn = 978-83-7629-067-6 }} * {{cite book | last = Mazower | first = Mark | author-link = Mark Mazower | title = Hitler's Empire: How the Nazis Ruled Europe | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlersempirehow0000mazo_x8o6 | year = 2008 | publisher = Penguin | location = New York; Toronto | isbn = 978-1-59420-188-2 }} * {{cite book | last1 = McElligott | first1 = Anthony | last2 = Kirk | first2 = Tim | last3 = Kershaw | first3 = Ian | title = Working Towards the Führer: Essays in Honour of Sir Ian Kershaw | year = 2003 | publisher = Manchester University Press | location = Manchester | isbn = 978-0-7190-6732-7 }} * {{cite book | last = McNab | first = Chris | title = The Third Reich | publisher = Amber Books | location = London | year = 2009 | isbn = 978-1-906626-51-8 }} * {{cite book | last = Melvin | first = Mungo | author-link = Mungo Melvin | title = Manstein: Hitler's Greatest General | url = https://archive.org/details/mansteinhitlersg0000melv_j4h5 | year = 2010 | publisher = Weidenfeld & Nicolson | location = London | isbn = 978-0-297-84561-4 }} * {{cite book | last1 = Murray | first1 = Williamson | last2 = Millett | first2 = Allan R. | title = A War to be Won: Fighting the Second World War | url = https://archive.org/details/wartobewonfighti00murr_0 | year = 2001 | orig-year = 2000 | publisher = Belknap Press of Harvard University Press | location = Cambridge, MA | isbn = 978-0-674-00680-5 }} * {{cite book | last = Nakosteen | first = Mehdi Khan | title = The History and Philosophy of Education | year = 1965 | publisher = Ronald Press | location = New York | oclc = 175403 }} * {{citation | title = NS-Zwangsarbeit: "Verbotener Umgang" | year = 1942 | publisher = Stadtarchiv Göttingen Cordula Tollmien Projekt NS-Zwangsarbeiter | language = de | url = http://www.zwangsarbeit-in-goettingen.de/texte/verbotenerumgang.htm | ref = {{SfnRef|Nazi forced labour|1942}} | postscript = . }} * {{cite book | last = Nicholas | first = Lynn H. | author-link = Lynn H. Nicholas | title = Cruel World: The Children of Europe in the Nazi Web | url = https://archive.org/details/cruelworldchildr0000nich_w2v0 | year = 2006 | publisher = Vintage | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-679-77663-5 }} * {{cite book | last1 = Niewyk | first1 = Donald L. | last2 = Nicosia | first2 = Francis R. | title = The Columbia Guide to the Holocaust | year = 2000 | publisher = Columbia University Press | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-231-11200-0 | url = https://archive.org/details/columbiaguidetot00niew }} * {{citation | title = 'NS-Frauenwarte': Paper of the National Socialist Women's League | publisher = Heidelberg University Library | url = http://www.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/Englisch/helios/digi/nsfrauenwarte.html | access-date = 8 May 2013 | ref = {{sfnRef|Heidelberg University Library}} | postscript = . }} * {{cite book | author = Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht | title = Soldaten Atlas | url = https://archive.org/details/Tornisterschrift-des-Oberkommandos-der-Wehrmacht-Soldaten-Atlas/page/n7 | year = 1941 | language = de | ref = {{sfnRef|Soldaten-Atlas|1941}} }} * {{cite book | last= Overmans | first = Rüdiger | author-link = Rüdiger Overmans | title = Deutsche militärische Verluste im Zweiten Weltkrieg | year = 2000 | orig-year = 1999 | publisher = R. Oldenbourg | location = München | language = de | series = Beiträge zur Militärgeschichte | isbn = 978-3-486-56531-7 }} * {{cite book | last = Overy | first = Richard | author-link = Richard Overy | title = The Dictators: Hitler's Germany, Stalin's Russia | publisher = Penguin Group | location = UK | orig-year = 2004 | year = 2005 | isbn = 978-0-393-02030-4 | url = https://archive.org/details/dictators00rich }} * {{cite book | last = Overy | first = Richard | orig-year = 1995 | year = 2006 | title = Why The Allies Won | url = https://archive.org/details/whyallieswon0000over_z0p1 | publisher = Random House | location = London | isbn = 978-1-84595-065-1 }} * {{cite book | last = Overy | first = Richard | title = The Bombers and the Bombed: Allied Air War Over Europe 1940–1945 | url = https://archive.org/details/bombersbombedall0000over_z7p1 | publisher = Viking | location = New York | year = 2014 | isbn = 978-0-698-15138-3}} * {{cite journal | last = Panayi | first = Panikos | title = Exploitation, Criminality, Resistance: The Everyday Life of Foreign Workers and Prisoners of War in the German Town of Osnabruck, 1939–49 | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-contemporary-history_2005-07_40_3/page/n76 | journal = Journal of Contemporary History | year = 2005 | volume = 40 | issue = 3 | pages = 483–502 | jstor = 30036339 | doi = 10.1177/0022009405054568| s2cid = 159846665 }} * {{cite book | last = Pauley | first = Bruce F. | title = Hitler, Stalin, and Mussolini: Totalitarianism in the Twentieth Century | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerstalinmuss02edpaul_m6u1 | year = 2003 | orig-year = 1997 | series = European History Series | publisher = Harlan Davidson | location = Wheeling, IL | isbn = 978-0-88295-993-1 }} * {{cite book | last = Pine | first = Lisa | year = 2011 | orig-year = 2010 | title = Education in Nazi Germany | url = https://archive.org/details/educationinnazig0000pine | publisher = Berg | location = Oxford; New York | isbn = 978-1-84520-265-1 }} * {{cite news | last = Posener | first = Alan | author-link = Alan Posener | title = German TV Is Sanitizing History | url = https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/04/09/dont-mention-the-war-germany-television-holocaust-anti-semitism-babylon-berlin-europe/ | work = [[Foreign Policy]] | date = 9 April 2018 | access-date = 16 February 2019 }} * {{cite book | last = Proctor | first = Robert N. | author-link = Robert N. Proctor | title = The Nazi War on Cancer | url = https://archive.org/details/naziwaroncancer00proc | url-access = registration | publisher = Princeton University Press | year = 1999 | location = Princeton, NJ | isbn = 978-0-691-07051-3 }} * {{cite book | last = Raeder | first = Erich | author-link = Erich Raeder | title = Grand Admiral: The Personal Memoir of the Commander in Chief of the German Navy From 1935 Until His Final Break With Hitler in 1943 | year = 2001 | orig-year = 1956 | publisher = Da Capo Press | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-306-80962-0 }} * {{cite book | last = Rees | first = Laurence | author-link = Laurence Rees | title = Auschwitz: A New History | year = 2005 | publisher = Public Affairs, member of Perseus Books Group | location = New York | isbn = 978-1-58648-303-6 | url = https://archive.org/details/auschwitznewhist00rees }} * {{cite web |last1=Reisner |first1=Markus |title=Der Luftkrieg 1944/45 über Österreich |url=https://www.bundesheer.at/truppendienst/ausgaben/artikel.php?id=1812 |website=www.bundesheer.at |publisher=Bundesministerium für Landesverteidigung |language=de |access-date=7 February 2021 |date=February 2015 |archive-date=17 ພະຈິກ 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117170237/https://www.bundesheer.at/truppendienst/ausgaben/artikel.php?id=1812 |url-status=dead }} * {{cite book | last = Rhodes | first = Richard | author-link = Richard Rhodes | title = Masters of Death: The SS-Einsatzgruppen and the Invention of the Holocaust | url = https://archive.org/details/mastersofdeathss0000rich | publisher = Vintage Books | location = New York | year = 2002 | isbn = 978-0-375-70822-0 }} * {{cite book | last = Rummel | first = Rudolph | author-link = Rudolph Rummel | title = Death by Government | year = 1994 | publisher = Transaction | location = New Brunswick, NJ | isbn = 978-1-56000-145-4 | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/deathby_rum_1994_00_3431 }} * {{cite book | last = Rupp | first = Leila J. | author-link = Leila J. Rupp | year = 1978 | title = Mobilizing Women for War: German and American Propaganda, 1939–1945 | publisher = Princeton University Press | location = Princeton, N.J. | isbn = 978-0-691-04649-5 | oclc = 3379930 | url = https://archive.org/details/mobilizingwomenf00leil }} * {{cite book | last = Schafranek | first = Hans | title = Widerstand und Verrat: Gestapospitzel im antifaschistischen Untergrund | year = 2017 | language = de | publisher = Czernin Verlag | location = Vienna | isbn = 978-3-7076-0622-5 }} * {{cite book | last1 =Schreiner | first1 =Klaus | year = 1998 | chapter = Messianism in the Weimar Republic | editor1-last = Schäfer | editor1-first = Peter | editor1-link = Peter Schäfer | editor2-last =Cohen | editor2-first =Mark | title = Toward the Millennium: Messianic Expectations from the Bible to Waco | location = Leiden | publisher = Brill | isbn = 90-04-11037-2 | pages =311–362 }} * {{cite book | last = Scobie | first = Alexander | title = Hitler's State Architecture: The Impact of Classical Antiquity | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlersstatearch0000scob | year = 1990 | publisher = Pennsylvania State University Press | location = University Park | isbn = 978-0-271-00691-8 }} * {{cite book | last = Sereny | first = Gitta | author-link = Gitta Sereny | year = 1996 | orig-year = 1995 | title = Albert Speer: His Battle With Truth | url = https://archive.org/details/albertspeerhisba00sere | publisher = Random House | location = New York; Toronto | isbn = 978-0-679-76812-8 }} * {{cite journal | last = Sereny | first = Gitta | date = November 1999 | title = Stolen Children | journal = Talk | url = https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/children.html | access-date = 1 July 2012 }} * {{cite book | last = Shirer | first = William L. | author-link = William L. 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Snyder | title = Bloodlands: Europe between Hitler and Stalin | url = https://archive.org/details/bloodlandseurope0000snyd_s7g9 | year= 2010 | publisher = Basic Books | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-465-00239-9 }} * {{cite web | title = Sonderbehandlung erfolgt durch Strang | year = 1942 | work = Documents for National Socialism | publisher = NS-Archiv | language = de | url = http://www.ns-archiv.de/imt/ps3001-ps3200/3040-ps.php | ref = {{SfnRef|Special treatment|1942}} }} * {{cite news | last = Sontheimer | first = Michael | title = Germany's Nazi Past: Why Germans Can Never Escape Hitler's Shadow | date = 10 March 2005 | newspaper = Spiegel Online | url = http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany-s-nazi-past-why-germans-can-never-escape-hitler-s-shadow-a-345720.html | access-date = 11 May 2013 }} * {{cite book | last = Speer | first = Albert | author-link = Albert Speer | orig-year = 1969 | year = 1971 | title = Inside the Third Reich | publisher = Avon | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-380-00071-5 | title-link = Inside the Third Reich}} * {{cite book | last = Spielvogel | first = Jackson J. | author-link = Jackson J. Spielvogel | title = Hitler and Nazi Germany: A History | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlernazigerman0000spie_f4s4 | year = 2016 | orig-year = 2005 | publisher = Taylor & Francis | location = Abingdon; New York | isbn = 978-0-205-84678-8 }} * {{cite book | last1 = Spotts | first1 = Frederic | title = Hitler and the Power of Aesthetics | url = https://archive.org/details/isbn_2901585675073 | date = 2002 | publisher = Overlook Press | location = New York | isbn = 978-1-58567-345-2 }} * {{cite news | author = Staff | title = What the Führer means for Germans today | newspaper = The Economist | date = 16 December 2015 | language = en | url = https://www.economist.com/christmas-specials/2015/12/16/what-the-fuhrer-means-for-germans-today | access-date = 24 September 2018 | ref = {{sfnRef|''The Economist''|2015}} }} * {{cite book | title = Statistisches Jahrbuch für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland | year = 2006 | publisher = Statistisches Bundesamt | language = de | url = http://www.destatis.de/jetspeed/portal/cms/Sites/destatis/Internet/DE/Content/Publikationen/Querschnittsveroeffentlichungen/StatistischesJahrbuch/Downloads/Jahrbuch2006Inland,property=file.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070926002255/http://www.destatis.de/jetspeed/portal/cms/Sites/destatis/Internet/DE/Content/Publikationen/Querschnittsveroeffentlichungen/StatistischesJahrbuch/Downloads/Jahrbuch2006Inland,property=file.pdf | archive-date = 26 September 2007 | access-date = 17 March 2012 | page = 34 | ref = {{sfnRef|Statistisches Jahrbuch|2006}} | url-status = dead | df = dmy-all }} * {{cite book | last = Stein | first = George | title = The Waffen-SS: Hitler's Elite Guard at War 1939–1945 | publisher = Cerberus Publishing | year = 2002 | orig-year = 1966 | isbn = 978-1-84145-100-8 }} * {{cite book | last = Steiner | first = Zara | title = The Triumph of the Dark: European International History 1933–1939 | url = https://archive.org/details/triumphofdarkeur0000stei | year = 2011 | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = Oxford; New York | isbn = 978-0-19-921200-2 }} * {{cite book | last = Stephenson | first = Jill | title = Women in Nazi Germany | year = 2001 | publisher = Longman | location = London | isbn = 978-0-582-41836-3 }} * {{cite journal | last = Stolfi | first = Russel | title = Barbarossa Revisited: A Critical Reappraisal of the Opening Stages of the Russo-German Campaign (June–December 1941) | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-modern-history_1982-03_54_1/page/27 | journal = [[Journal of Modern History]] | date = March 1982 | volume = 54 | issue = 1 | pages = 27–46 | doi = 10.1086/244076 | hdl = 10945/44218| s2cid = 143690841 }} * {{citation | title = Strafgesetzbuch, StGB | date = 13 November 1998 | work = German Law Archive | url = https://germanlawarchive.iuscomp.org/?p=752#80a | ref = {{sfnRef|''Strafgesetzbuch'', section 86a}} | postscript = . | access-date = 6 ມີນາ 2023 | archive-date = 29 ຕຸລາ 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20191029054029/https://germanlawarchive.iuscomp.org/?p=752#80a | url-status = dead }} * {{cite web |last1=Strüber |first1=Henning |title=1943: Briten bombardieren Peenemünde |url=https://www.ndr.de/geschichte/schauplaetze/Bomben-auf-Hitlers-Raketenschmiede,operationhydra101.html |website=www.ndr.de |access-date=7 February 2021 |language=de |date=17 August 2018 }} * {{cite book | last = Tomasevich | first = Jozo | year = 1975 | title = War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: The Chetniks | publisher = Stanford University Press | location = Stanford, CA | isbn = 978-0-8047-0857-9 }} * {{cite book | last = Tooze | first = Adam | author-link = Adam Tooze | title = The Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy | year = 2006 | publisher = Viking | location = New York; Toronto | isbn = 978-0-670-03826-8 | title-link = The Wages of Destruction}} * {{cite book | last = Tümmler | first = Holger | title = Hitlers Deutschland: Die Mächtigen des Dritten Reiches | year = 2010 | publisher = Melchior Verlag | location = Wolfenbüttel | language = de | isbn = 978-3-941555-88-4 }} * {{cite book | last = Uekötter | first = Frank | title = The Green and the Brown: A History of Conservation in Nazi Germany | url = https://archive.org/details/greenbrownhistor0000ueko | year = 2006 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge; New York | isbn = 978-0-521-84819-0 }} * {{cite book | last = Uekötter | first = Frank | editor1-last = Brüggemeier | editor1-first = Franz-Josef | editor2-last = Cioc | editor2-first = Mark | editor3-last = Zeller | editor3-first = Thomas | title = How Green Were the Nazis?: Nature, Environment, and Nation in the Third Reich | chapter = Polycentrism in Full Swing: Air Pollution Control in Nazi Germany | year = 2005 | publisher = Ohio University Press | location = Athens | isbn = 978-0-82144-196-1 }} * {{cite book | last = Umbreit | first = Hans | editor1-last = Kroener | editor1-first = Bernhard | editor2-last = Müller | editor2-first = Rolf-Dieter | editor3-last = Umbreit | editor3-first = Hans | title = Germany and the Second World War, Vol. 5. Organization and Mobilization in the German Sphere of Power. Part 2: Wartime Administration, Economy, and Manpower Resources, 1942–1944/5 | chapter = Hitler's Europe: The German Sphere of Power | year = 2003 | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = Oxford; New York | isbn = 978-0-19-820873-0 }} * {{cite web | author = USHMM | title = Children during the Holocaust | website = United States Holocaust Memorial Museum—Holocaust Encyclopedia | url = http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005142 | access-date = 24 April 2013 | ref = {{sfnRef|USHMM, ''Children during the Holocaust''}} }} * {{cite web | author=USHMM | title=Dachau | website=United States Holocaust Memorial Museum—Holocaust Encyclopedia | url=http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005214 | access-date=14 July 2013 | ref={{sfnRef|USHMM, ''Dachau''}} }} * {{cite web | author=USHMM | title=Genocide of European Roma (Gypsies), 1939–1945 | website=United States Holocaust Memorial Museum—Holocaust Encyclopedia | url=https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/genocide-of-european-roma-gypsies-1939-1945 | access-date=16 September 2018 | ref={{sfnRef|USHMM, ''Genocide of European Roma''}} }} * {{cite web | author=USHMM | title=The German Churches and the Nazi State | website=United States Holocaust Memorial Museum—Holocaust Encyclopedia | url=http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005206 | access-date=25 September 2016 | ref={{sfnRef|USHMM, ''The German Churches and the Nazi State''}} }} * {{cite web | author=USHMM | title=Women in the Third Reich | website=United States Holocaust Memorial Museum—Holocaust Encyclopedia | url=https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/women-in-the-third-reich | access-date=19 August 2017 | ref={{sfnRef|USHMM, ''Women in the Third Reich''}} }} * {{cite book | last = Walk | first = Joseph | title = Das Sonderrecht für die Juden im NS-Staat: Eine Sammlung der gesetzlichen Maßnahmen und Rechtlinien, Inhalt und Bedeutung | edition = 2nd | year = 1996 | publisher = Müller Verlag | location = Heidelberg | language = de | isbn=978-3-82521-889-8 }} * {{cite book | last = Weale | first = Adrian | author-link = Adrian Weale | title = Army of Evil: A History of the SS | url = https://archive.org/details/armyofevilhistor0000weal | year = 2012 | orig-year = 2010 | publisher = NAL Caliber (Penguin Group) | location = New York; Toronto | isbn = 978-0-451-23791-0 }} * {{cite book | last = Wegner | first = Bernd | author-link = Bernd Wegner | title = The Waffen-SS: Organization, Ideology and Function | url = https://archive.org/details/waffenssorganiza0000wegn | publisher = Blackwell | location = Hoboken, NJ | year = 1990 | isbn = 978-0-631-14073-3 }} * {{cite book | last = Weinberg | first = Gerhard L. | author-link = Gerhard Weinberg | title = Hitler's Foreign Policy 1933–1939: The Road to World War II | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlersforeignpo0000wein | year = 2010 | orig-year = 1970 | publisher = Enigma Books | location = New York | isbn = 978-1-929631-91-9 }} * {{cite book | last = Weinberg | first = Gerhard L. | title = A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II | year = 2005 | orig-year = 1994 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = Cambridge; Oxford | isbn = 978-0-521-85316-3 }} * {{cite book| last = Welch | first = David | title = Hitler: Profile of a Dictator | url = https://archive.org/details/hitlerprofileofd0000welc | year = 2001 | publisher = Routledge | location = London | isbn = 978-0-415-25075-7 }} * {{cite web | last = Wiederschein | first = Harald | url = https://www.focus.de/wissen/mensch/geschichte/zweiter-weltkrieg/militaerisch-unbedeutend-brutal-verbrecherisch-mythos-waffen-ss-hitlers-ueberschaetzte-elitetruppen_id_4826676.html | title = Mythos Waffen-SS | work = [[Focus (German magazine)|Focus]] | date = 21 July 2015 | access-date = 3 October 2018 | language = de }} * {{Cite journal |last1=Wüstenberg |first1=Jenny |last2=Art |first2=David |date=May 2008 |title=Using the Past in the Nazi Successor States from 1945 to the Present |url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0002716207312762 |journal=[[The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science]] |language=en |volume=617 |issue=1 |doi=10.1177/0002716207312762 |issn=0002-7162 |pages=72–87 |s2cid=145313351 }} * {{cite book | last = Wrobel | first = Peter | work = The Devil's Playground: Poland in World War II | title = Warsaw Uprising 1944 | year = 1999 | publisher = The Canadian Foundation for Polish Studies of the Polish Institute of Arts & Sciences Price-Patterson Ltd | isbn=978-0-96927-841-2 }} {{refend}} [[ໝວດ:ນາຊີ]] kl6eka241ijerj6rs7z2pzn47lrfetx 0 20109 130112 126177 2026-08-20T20:15:08Z InternetArchiveBot 13695 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 130112 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ລິ້ງໄປພາສາອື່ນ}} {{coord|13|10|12|N|59|33|09|W|type:country_region:BB_scale:2500000|display=title}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = ບາກບາດິດ | common_name = ບາກບາດິດ | image_flag = Flag of Barbados.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Barbados (3).svg | image_map = BRB orthographic.svg | national_motto = "Pride and Industry" | national_anthem = "[[ອິນເພຼນຕີ ແອນ ອິນທາມ ອັອຟ ນີດ]]"<div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">{{center| }}</div> | official_languages = ອັງກິດ | regional_languages = [[ພາສາຄຣີໂອ ເບຈັນ|ຄຣີໂອ ເບຈັນ]] | ethnic_groups = {{vunblist | 91% [[Afro-Barbadian|ຜິວດຳ]] | 4% [[White Barbadian|ຜິວຂາວ]] | 3.5% [[ຫຼາຍເຊື້ອຊາດ]] | 1% [[Indians in Barbados|ອິນເດຍ]] | 0.5% ອື່ນໆ/ບໍ່ລະບຸ }} | ethnic_groups_year = 2010<ref name="cia">[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/barbados/ Barbados] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123091149/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/barbados/ |date=2021-01-23 }} CIA World Factbook</ref> | religion = {{vunblist |75.6% [[ຄຣິດ]] |20.6% [[ການບໍ່ມີສາສະໜາ|ບໍ່ມີສາສະໜາ]] |2.5% [[ສາສະໜາໃນປະເທດບາກບາດິດ|ອື່ນໆ]] |1.3% ບໍ່ລະບຸ<ref name="cia"/> }} | capital = [[ບຣິດທາວ]] | coordinates = {{Coord|13|06|N|59|37|W|type:city|display=inline}} | largest_city = ເມືອງຫຼວງ | government_type = [[ລັດດ່ຽວ]] [[ລະບົບລັດຖະສະພາ]] [[ສາທາລະນະລັດ]] | leader_title1 = [[ປະທານາທິບໍດີບາກບາດິດ|ປະທານາທິບໍດີ]] | leader_name1 = [[ຊັນດຣາ ເມຊັນ]] | leader_title2 = [[ນາຍົກລັດຖະມົນຕີແຫ່ງບາກບາດິດ|ນາຍົກລັດຖະມົນຕີ]] | leader_name2 = [[ມິອາ ມອດລີ]] | legislature = [[ລັດຖະສະພາບາກບາດິດ|ລັດຖະສະພາ]] | upper_house = [[ວຸດທິສະພາບາກບາດິດ|ວຸດທິສະພາ]] | lower_house = [[ສະພານິຕິບັນຍັດບາກບາດິດ|ສະພານິຕິບັນຍັດ]] | area_km2 = 439 | area_sq_mi = 166<!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | area_rank = ອັນດັບທີ 183 <!-- Should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --> | percent_water = ໜ້ອຍ | population_estimate = 287,025<ref>United Nations. "World Population Prospects 2019".</ref> | population_census = 277,821<ref name=geo>{{cite web |url=http://www.geohive.com/cntry/barbados.aspx |title=Barbados – General Information |publisher=GeoHive |access-date=16 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201015844/http://www.geohive.com/cntry/barbados.aspx |archive-date=1 February 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> | population_estimate_rank = ອັນດັບທີ 182 | population_estimate_year = 2019 | population_census_rank = | population_census_year = 2010 | population_density_km2 = 660 | population_density_sq_mi = 1,704<!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | population_density_rank = ອັນດັບທີ 15 | GDP_PPP = 5.398 ຕື້ໂດລາສະຫະລັດ | GDP_PPP_year = 2019 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = 18,798 ໂດລາສະຫະລັດ<ref name="imf.org">{{Cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=65&pr.y=5&sy=2017&ey=2024&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=316&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC&grp=0&a=|title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects|website=www.imf.org}}</ref> | GDP_nominal = 5.207 ຕື້ໂດລາສະຫະລັດ | GDP_nominal_year = 2019 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = 18,133 ໂດລາສະຫະລັດ<ref name="imf.org"/> | sovereignty_type = ເປັນ[[ເອກະລາດ]] | established_event1 = ຈາກສະຫະລາຊະອານາຈັກ | established_date1 = 30 ພະຈິກ 1966 | established_event2 = [[ມະຕິຄະນະມົນຕີຄວາມໝັ້ນຄົງແຫ່ງສະຫະປະຊາຊາດທີ 230|ເປັນສະມາຊິກສະຫະປະຊາຊາດ]] | established_date2 = 7 ທັນວາ 1966 | established_event3 = [[ສາທາລະນະລັດ ນິຍົມ ໃນປະເທດບາກບາດິດ|ເປັນສາທາລະນະລັດ]] | established_date3 = 30 ພະຈິກ 2021 | HDI_year = 2019<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI = 0.814 <!--number only--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=16 December 2020}}</ref> | HDI_rank = ອັນດັບທີ 58 | currency = [[ໂດລາບາກບາດິດ]] ($) | currency_code = BBD | time_zone = [[ເວລາມາດຕະຖານອັດລັງຕິກ]] | utc_offset = −4 | drives_on = ຊ້າຍ<ref name=fco>{{cite web|date=29 August 2006 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071015163750/http://www.fco.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket%2FXcelerate%2FShowPage&c=Page&cid=1007029390590&a=KCountryAdvice&aid=1013618386991 |url= http://www.fco.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1007029390590&a=KCountryAdvice&aid=1013618386991 |archive-date=15 October 2007 |title= Barbados |url-status=dead }} (fco.gov.uk), updated 5 June 2006.</ref> | calling_code = [[North American Numbering Plan|+1]] [[Area code 246|-246]] | cctld = [[.bb]] }} '''ບາກບາດິດ''' ຫຼື '''ບາເບໂດສ''' ({{lang-en|Barbados}}) ເປັນ[[ປະເທດທີ່ເປັນເກາະ]]ທີ່ຕັ້ງຢູ່ໃນ[[ມະຫາສະໝຸດອັດລັງຕິກ]]ທາງຕາເວັນຕົກ ທາງຕາເວັນຕົກຂອງ[[ທະເລແຄຣິບບຽນ]]ໜ້ອຍໜຶ່ງ ທີ 13 ອົງສາເໜືອ ແລະ 59 ອົງສາຕາເວັນຕົກ ກິນພື້ນທີ່ {{cvt|432|km2}} ແລະ ມີປະຊາກອນປະມານ 287,000 ຄົນ (ປະມານປີ 2019)<ref name=geo/> ເກາະທີ່ຢູ່ໃກ້ບາກບາດິດຫຼາຍທີ່ສຸດແມ່ນ[[ປະເທດແຊັງລຸຍຊີ|ແຊັງລຸຍຊີ]] ແລະ [[ປະເທດແຊັງແວັງຊັງ ແລະ ເກຣນາດິນ|ແຊັງແວັງຊັງ ແລະ ເກຣນາດິນ]] ເຊິ່ງທັງ 2 ປະເທດຕັ້ງຢູ່ທາງຕາເວັນຕົກ ແລະ ເມື່ອລວມກັບບາກບາດິດແລ້ວ ເກາະເຫຼົ່ານີ້ຖືວ່າເປັນສ່ວນໜຶ່ງຂອງ[[ເລສເຊີ ແອນທິລລີສ|ໝູ່ເກາະເລສເຊີ ແອນທິລລີສ]] (Lesser Antilles) ໃນພາກພື້ນ[[ແຄຣິບບຽນ]] ເມື່ອວັນທີ 30 ພະຈິກ 1966 ບາກບາດິດໄດ້ກາຍເປັນລັດອິດສະຫຼະໂດຍສົມບູນພາຍໃຕ້ສະມາຊິກພາບໃນ[[ລາຊະອານາຈັກເຄືອຈັກກະພົບ|ເຄືອຈັກກະພົບ]]ໂດຍມີ[[ສົມເດັດພະລາຊິນີນາດເອລີຊາແບັດທີ 2 ແຫ່ງສະຫະລາຊະອານາຈັກ]] ເປັນ[[ພຣະລາຊິນີແຫ່ງບາກບາດິດ]] ຈົນມາຮອດໃນວັນທີ 30 ພະຈີກ 2021 ໄດ້ປ່ຽນລະບອບການປົກຄອງເປັນ[[ສາທາລະນະລັດໃນເຄືອຈັກກະພົບ]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Barbadians celebrate the birth of a republic and bid farewell to the Queen |first1=Lauren |last1=Said-Moorhouse |first2=Max |last2=Foster |date=2021-11-30 |work=CNN |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/11/29/americas/barbados-bids-farewell-to-queen-intl-cmd/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130080358/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/11/29/americas/barbados-bids-farewell-to-queen-intl-cmd/index.html |archive-date=2021-11-30 |access-date=2022-01-29 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/nov/30/at-the-stroke-of-midnight-barbados-becomes-the-worlds-newest-republic|last=Safi|first=Michael|title=Barbados parts way with Queen and becomes world's newest republic|work=The Guardian|date=30 November 2021|access-date=30 November 2021}}</ref> ບາກບາດິດເປັນໜຶ່ງໃນປະເທດພັດທະນາແລ້ວ ແລະ ສະຫງົບສຸກທີ່ມີຄຸນນະພາບຊີວິດສູງຫຼາຍ ນອກຈາກນີ້ ບາກບາດິດຍັງເປັນແຫຼ່ງທ່ອງທ່ຽວອີກດ້ວຍ<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Belle|first1=Nicole|last2=Bramwell|first2=Bill|date=1 August 2005|title=Climate Change and Small Island Tourism: Policy Maker and Industry Perspectives in Barbados|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-travel-research_2005-08_44_1/page/34|journal=Journal of Travel Research|volume=44|pages=34–38|doi=10.1177/0047287505276589|s2cid=154912745}}</ref> == ອ້າງອີງ == {{ລາຍການອ້າງອີງ}} == ອ່ານຕື່ມ == * Burns, Sir Alan, ''History of the British West Indies''. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1965. * [[David Brion Davis|Davis, David Brion]]. ''[[Inhuman Bondage: The Rise and Fall of Slavery in the New World]]''. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006. {{ISBN|0-19-514073-7}} * Frere, Samuel, [https://archive.org/download/shorthistoryofba00john/shorthistoryofba00john.pdf ''A Short History of Barbados: From its First Discovery and Settlement, to the End of the Year 1767.''] London: J. Dodsley, 1768. * Gragg, Larry Dale, ''Englishmen transplanted: The English Colonization of Barbados, 1627–1660''. Oxford University Press, 2003. {{ISBN|978-0199253890}} * Hamshere, Cyril, ''The British in the Caribbean''. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1972. * Newman, Simon P. ''A New World of Labor: The Development of Slavery in the British Atlantic.'' Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013. {{ISBN|978-0812245196}} * Northrup, David, ed. ''The Atlantic Slave Trade, Second Edition''. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2002. {{ISBN|0-618-11624-9}} * O'Shaughnessy, Andrew Jackson, ''An Empire Divided: The American Revolution and the British Caribbean''. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000. {{ISBN|978-0812217322}} * Rogozinski, January 1999. ''A Brief History of the Caribbean: From the Arawak and Carib to the Present''. Revised version, New York, USA. {{ISBN|0-8160-3811-2}} * Scott, Caroline 1999. ''Insight Guide Barbados''. Discovery Channel and Insight Guides; fourth edition, Singapore. {{ISBN|0-88729-033-7}} === ວິດີໂອ === * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090620004225/http://www.barbadostourisminvestment.com/barbados_video.cfm Overview Video]—Barbados Tourism Investment Inc. (Courtesy of [https://web.archive.org/web/20091208091726/http://www.us-television.tv/ US Television]). * {{YouTube|7QNd8zSlH34|Videography}}, by the Ministry of Energy and the Environment, under the Office of the Prime Minister. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111220180626/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/26184891/vp/45256234#45253453 Sandy Lane Hotel, Barbados] 11 November 2011, on ''[[Where in the World is Matt Lauer?]]'', [[Today (U.S. TV program)|NBC ''Today Show'']]. * {{CIA World Factbook|year=2003}} == ແຫຼ່ງຂໍ້ມູນອື່ນ == {{Sister project links|voy=Barbados|ປະເທດບາກບາດິດ}} * {{official website|http://www.gov.bb/ }} * [http://gisbarbados.gov.bb/ Government of Barbados Official Information Service] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230802002807/https://gisbarbados.gov.bb/ |date=2023-08-02 }} * [http://www.royal.uk/barbados Official webpage of Queen Elizabeth II as Queen of Barbados] * [http://www.barbadosparliament.com/ Parliament of Barbados official website] * [http://www.visitbarbados.org/ Barbados Tourism Authority]—The Ministry of Tourism * [http://www.centralbank.org.bb/ Central Bank of Barbados website] * [http://www.barbadoschamberofcommerce.com/ Barbados Chamber of Commerce & Industry] (BCC&I) * [http://www.bidc.com/ Barbados Investment and Development Corporation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051105093506/http://www.bidc.com/ |date=2005-11-05 }} * [http://www.barbadosmaritime.org/ Barbados Maritime Ship Registry] * [http://www.barbmuse.org.bb/ Barbados Museum & Historical Society] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100505161730/http://www.barbmuse.org.bb/ |date=5 May 2010 }} ===ຂໍ້ມູນທົ່ວໄປ=== * {{curlie|Regional/Caribbean/Barbados}} * {{Wikiatlas|Barbados}} * {{osmrelation-inline|}} [[ໝວດ:ປະເທດບາກບາດິດ| ]] [[ໝວດ:ປະເທດທີ່ເປັນເກາະ|ບ]] [[ໝວດ:ເກາະໃນທະເລແຄຣິບບຽນ]] [[ໝວດ:ອະດີດອານານິຄົມອັງກິດ]] [[ໝວດ:ອະດີດອານານິຄົມປອກຕຸຍການ]] [[ໝວດ:ລັດ ແລະ ດິນແດນກໍ່ຕັ້ງໃນປີ 1966]] 08juiafk4i2ryvrj7ro0lblo7ugkwwr 0 20282 130098 129707 2026-08-20T19:57:02Z InternetArchiveBot 13695 Add 4 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 130098 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Coord|22|00|N|80|00|W|display=title}} {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = ສາທາລະນະລັດກູບາ | common_name = ກູບາ | native_name = {{lang|es|República de Cuba}} {{small|{{es icon}}}} | image_flag = Flag of Cuba.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Cuba.svg | symbol_type = ກາແຜ່ນດິນ | national_motto = {{lang|es|[[ຄຳຂວັນປະຈຳຊາດ#ກ|¡Patria o Muerte, Venceremos!]]}}<br />("ບ້ານເກີດ ຫຼື ຄວາມຕາຍ ເຮົາຈະເອົາຊະນະ!"){{lower|0.2em|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bc.gob.cu/english/cuban_bills.asp |title=Cuban Peso Bills |publisher=Central Bank of Cuba |date=2015 |access-date=14 February 2017 |archive-date=2018-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926193856/http://www.bc.gob.cu/English/cuban_bills.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref><!--end lower:-->}} | national_anthem = {{lang|es|[[ລາບາຢາເມຊາ]]}}<br />{{raise|0.2em|("ເພງແຫ່ງບາຢາໂມ"){{lower|0.2em|<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mipais.cuba.cu/cat_en.php?idcat=91&idpadre=83&nivel=2 |title=National symbols |publisher=Government of Cuba |access-date=7 September 2009 |archive-date=15 ມັງກອນ 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115200948/http://mipais.cuba.cu/cat_en.php?idcat=91&idpadre=83&nivel=2 |url-status=dead }}</ref><!--end lower:-->}}<!--end raise:-->}}<br />{{center|[[File:Cuban national anthem (abridged version), performed by the U.S. Navy Band.oga]]}} | image_map = CUB orthographic.svg | image_map2 = | alt_map = | map_caption = ກູບາໃນສີຂຽວເຂັ້ມ | capital = [[ຮາວານາ]] | coordinates = {{Coord|23|8|N|82|23|W|type:city}} | largest_city = ເມືອງຫຼວງ | official_languages = [[ພາສາແອັດສະປາຍ|ແອັດສະປາຍ]] | languages2 = [[ພາສາຄຣີໂອໄຮຕິ|ຄຣີໂອໄຮຕິ]]<br />[[ພາສາອັງກິດ|ອັງກິດ]] | languages2_type = ພາສາເວົ້າອື່ນໆ | ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list | 64.1% [[Cubans#White or European, Criollo|ຜິວຂາວ]] | 26.6% [[Multiracial people|ປະສົມ]] | 9.3% [[Afro-Cubans|ຜິວດຳ]] }} | ethnic_groups_year = 2012 | ethnic_groups_ref = {{efn|Data represents racial self-identification from Cuba's 2012 national census}}<ref name=CIA>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cuba/ |title=Central America :: Cuba — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency |publisher=Cia.gov |access-date=28 September 2021 |archive-date=12 ສິງຫາ 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812170744/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cuba/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | religion = {{ublist |item_style=white-space:nowrap; |58.9% [[ສາສະໜາຄຣິດໃນປະເທດກູບາ|ຄຣິດ]] |23.2% [[Irreligion in Latin America|ບໍ່ມີ]] |17.6% [[ສາສະໜາພື້ນເມືອງ]] |0.3% ອື່ນໆ}} | religion_year = 2020 | religion_ref = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cuba/|title=Cuba - The World Factbook|website=www.cia.gov|date=6 October 2021|access-date=1 ຕຸລາ 2023|archive-date=12 ສິງຫາ 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812170744/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cuba/|url-status=dead}}</ref> | government_type = [[ລັດດ່ຽວ]] [[ລັດທິມາກ–ເລນິນ]] [[ລັດພັກການເມືອງດຽວ|ພັກດຽວ]] [[ສາທາລະນະລັດ]][[ສັງຄົມນິຍົມ]]<ref name=constitution>{{cite web |title= The Constitution of the Republic of Cuba, 1976 (as Amended to 2002) |url= http://www.constitutionnet.org/files/Cuba%20Constitution.pdf |publisher= National Assembly of People's Power |access-date= 18 August 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130117013359/http://www.constitutionnet.org/files/Cuba%20Constitution.pdf |archive-date= 17 January 2013 }}<br />For discussion of the 1992 amendments, see {{Harvnb|Domínguez|2003}}.</ref> | leader_title1 = [[ເລຂາທິການພັກຄົນທຳອິດແຫ່ງພັກກອມມູນິດກູບາ|ເລຂາທິການພັກຄົນທຳອິດ]]<br />[[ປະທານາທິບໍດີກູບາ|ປະທານາທິບໍດີ]]{{efn|ກູບາເປັນ[[ລັດ​ກອມ​ມູນິດ]] [[ລັດທິມາກ-ເລນິນ]] [[ລັດພັກການເມືອງດຽວ|ພັກດຽວ]] [[ລັດສັງຄົມນິຍົມ|ສັງຄົມນິຍົມ]] ຕຳແໜ່ງທີ່ມີອຳນາດຫຼາຍທີ່ສຸດແມ່ນ[[ເລຂາທິການພັກຄົນທຳອິດແຫ່ງພັກກອມມູນິດກູບາ]] ບໍ່ແມ່ນ[[ປະທານາທິບໍດີກູບາ|ປະທານາທິບໍດີ]]}} | leader_name1 = [[ມິເກລ ມິດັຊ-ກາເນລ]] | leader_title2 = {{nowrap|[[ຮອງປະທານາທິບໍດີກູບາ|ຮອງປະທານາທິບໍດີ]]}} | leader_name2 = [[ແຊນບາດໍ ແບນເດສເມຊາ]] | leader_title3 = [[ນາຍົກລັດຖະມົນຕີກູບາ|ນາຍົກລັດຖະມົນຕີ]] | leader_name3 = {{nowrap|[[ມານູເອລ ມາເຣໂຣ ກຣຸຊ]]}} | leader_title4 = [[List of presidents of the National Assembly of People's Power (Cuba)|ປະທານລັດຖະສະພາ]] | leader_name4 = {{nowrap|[[Esteban Lazo Hernández]]}} | legislature = [[ລັດຖະສະພາພະລັງຂອງປະຊາຊົນ]] | sovereignty_type = ເປັນເອກະລາດ | sovereignty_note = ຈາກ ສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ ແລະ ແອັດສະປາຍ | established_event1 = [[ສົງຄາມສິບປີ|ປະກາດອິດສະຫຼະພາບ]] | established_date1 = 10 ຕຸລາ 1868 | established_event2 = [[ສົງຄາມປະກາດອິດສະຫຼະພາບກູບາ|ສົງຄາມປະກາດອິດສະຫຼະພາບ]] | established_date2 = 24 ກຸມພາ 1895 | established_event3 = [[ສົນທິສັນຍາປາຣີ (ຄ.ສ 1898)|ໄດ້ຮັບການຍອມຮັບ]] (ມອບ​ຈາກ​ແອັດສະປາຍ​ໃຫ້​ສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ) | established_date3 = 10 ທັນວາ 1898 | established_event4 = ປະກາດເປັນ[[ສາທາລະນະລັດກູບາ (ຄ.ສ 1902-1959)|ສາທາລະນະລັດ]] (ເປັນເອກະລາດຈາກສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ) | established_date4 = 20 ພຶດສະພາ 1902 | established_event5 = [[ການປະຕິວັດກູບາ]] | established_date5 = 26 ກໍລະກົດ 1953 – 1 ມັງກອນ 1959 | established_event6 = [[ລັດຖະທຳມະນູນກູບາ#ລັດຖະທຳມະນູນສະບັບປີ 2019|ລັດຖະທຳມະນູນສະບັບປັດຈຸບັນ]] | established_date6 = 10 ເມສາ 2019 | area_km2 = 109,884 | area_rank = ອັນດັບທີ 104 <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --> | area_sq_mi = 42,426 <!--Do not remove per [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]--> | percent_water = 0 <!-- Should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --> | population_census = {{decreaseNeutral}} 11,181,595<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.onei.gob.cu/node/13815 |title=Indicadores Demográficos por provincias y municipios 2020 |language=es |publisher=Oficina Nacional de Estadística e Information República de Cuba |access-date=18 September 2021 |archive-date=2020-03-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200314034430/http://www.onei.gob.cu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | population_census_year = 2020 | population_census_rank = ອັນດັບທີ 83 | population_density_km2 = 101.8 | population_density_sq_mi = 263.6 <!--Do not remove per [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]--> | population_density_rank = ອັນດັບທີ 80 | GDP_PPP = 254.865 ຕື້ໂດລາສະຫະລັດ<ref name="auto">{{cite web|title=World Bank GDP PPP 2015, 28 April 2017 PDF|url=https://archive.org/details/GDPPPP1|access-date=18 January 2018}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2015 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = 22,237 ໂດລາສະຫະລັດ<ref name="auto"/><ref>{{cite web|title=World Bank total population of Cuba in 2015 (GDP PPP divided by Population data)|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?end=2015&locations=CU&start=1960|access-date=18 January 2018|archive-date=11 ພະຈິກ 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111235251/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?end=2015&locations=CU&start=1960|url-status=dead}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} 105.355 ຕື້ໂດລາສະຫະລັດ<ref name=C>{{cite web |url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/snaama/Basic |title=Basic Data Selection |publisher=United Nations |access-date=3 May 2021}}</ref> | GDP_nominal_year = 2019 | GDP_nominal_rank = ອັນດັບທີ 63 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} 9,296 ໂດລາສະຫະລັດ<ref name=C/> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = ອັນດັບທີ 89 | Gini = 38.0 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2000 | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite news |title=Cuba grapples with growing inequality |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cuba-reform-inequality-idUSN1033501920080410 |access-date=21 July 2013 |newspaper=Reuters}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.783 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2019 <!--Please use the year to which the HDI data refers, not the year of publication--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref>{{cite web|title=Table 2: Trends in the Human Development Index, 1990–2014|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/composite/trends|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|access-date=15 December 2015|archive-date=2017-03-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322121226/http://hdr.undp.org/sites/all/themes/hdr_theme/country-notes/ROU.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> | HDI_rank = ອັນດັບທີ 70<!--Please see talk page before adding a reference here again--> | currency = [[ກູບາເປໂຊ]] | currency_code = CUP | time_zone = [[UTC−05:00|CST]] | utc_offset = −5 | utc_offset_DST = −4 | time_zone_DST = [[UTC−04:00|CDT]] | drives_on = ຂວາ | calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Cuba|+53]] | cctld = [[.cu]] }} '''ກູບາ''' ຫຼື '''ຄິວບາ'''<ref name="royin"/> ([[ພາສາອັງກິດ|ອັງກິດ]] ແລະ {{lang-es|Cuba}}, {{IPA-es|ˈkuβa|es-am-lat-Cuba.ogg}}) ມີຊື່ຢ່າງເປັນທາງການແມ່ນ '''ສາທາລະນະລັດກູບາ''' ຫຼື '''ສາທາລະນະລັດຄິວບາ''' ({{lang-en|Republic of Cuba}}; {{lang-es|República de Cuba}}, {{IPA-es|reˈpuβlika ðe ˈkuβa||RCUB.ogg}}) ປະກອບດ້ວຍເກາະກູບາ (ເປັນເກາະທີ່ໃຫຍ່ທີ່ສຸດໃນ[[ເກຣດເຕີແອນທິລລີສ|ໝູ່ເກາະເກຣດເຕີແອນທິລລີສ]]) [[ອິດສະລາ ເດລາ ຮູເບນຕຸດ|ເກາະຮູເບນຕຸດ]] (Isla de la Juventud) ແລະ ເກາະນ້ອຍໆ ໃກ້ຄຽງ ຕັ້ງຢູ່ໃນພາກພື້ນ[[ແຄຣິບບຽນ]]ເໜືອ ທີ່ຈຸດບັນຈົບຂອງ[[ທະເລແຄຣິບບຽນ]], [[ອ່າວເມັກຊິກ]] ແລະ [[ມະຫາສະໝຸດອັດລັງຕິກ]] ກູບາຕັ້ງຢູ່ທາງທິດໃຕ້ຂອງ[[ສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ]]ພາກຕາເວັນອອກ ແລະ [[ປະເທດບາຮາມາດ|ໝູ່ເກາະບາຮາມາດ]] ທາງທິດຕາເວັນຕົກຂອງ[[ປະເທດໄຮຕິ]] ທາງທິດຕາເວັນອອກຂອງ[[ປະເທດເມັກຊິກ|ເມັກຊິກ]] ແລະ ທາງທິດເໜືອຂອງ[[ໝູ່ເກາະໄກມານ]] ແລະ [[ປະເທດຈາໄມກາ|ເກາະຈາໄມກາ]] ສາທາລະນະລັດກູບາເປັນພຽງປະເທດດຽວໃນບໍລິເວນພາກພື້ນນີ້ທີ່ຍັງຄົງມີການປົກຄອງແບບ[[ກອມມູນິດ]]ຢູ່. == ໝາຍເຫດ == {{notelist}} == ອ້າງອີງ == {{ລາຍການອ້າງອີງ|}} == ບັນນານຸກົມ == {{Refbegin|30em|indent=yes}} *{{Cite journal |last= Albornoz |first= Sara Carrillo de |year= 2006 |title= On a mission: how Cuba uses its doctors abroad |journal= [[BMJ]] |volume= 333 |issue= 7566 |page= 464 |jstor= 40700096 |doi=10.1136/bmj.333.7566.464 |pmid=16946334 |pmc=1557950}} *{{Cite book |last= Alvarez |first= José |year= 2001 |chapter= Rationed Products and Something Else: Food Availability and Distribution in 2000 |chapter-url= http://www.ascecuba.org/c/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/v11-alvarez.pdf |title= Cuba in Transition, Volume&nbsp;11 |url= http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/annual-proceedings/cuba-in-transition-volume-11/ |location= Silver Spring,&nbsp;MD |publisher= [[Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy|ASCE]] |pages= 305–322 |isbn= 978-0-9649082-0-8 |access-date= 25 March 2013 |archive-date= 2021-12-24 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211224093911/https://www.ascecuba.org/publications/annual-proceedings/cuba-in-transition-volume-11/ |url-status= dead }} *{{Cite book |last= Alvarez |first= José |year= 2004 |title= Cuban Agriculture Before 1959: The Social Situation |url= http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/FE/FE48000.pdf |location= Gainesville,&nbsp;FL |publisher= Department of Food and Resource Economics, [[University of Florida]] |access-date= 25 March 2013 |archive-date= 8 ພຶດສະພາ 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180508181213/http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/FE/FE48000.pdf |url-status= dead }} *{{Cite book |last= Baklanoff |first= Eric N. |year= 1998 |chapter= Cuba on the Eve of the Socialist Transition: A Reassessment of the Backwardness-Stagnation Thesis |chapter-url= http://www.ascecuba.org/c/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/v08-31baklanoff.pdf |title= Cuba in Transition, Volume&nbsp;8 |url= http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/annual-proceedings/cuba-in-transition-volume-08/ |location= Silver Spring,&nbsp;MD |publisher= ASCE |pages= 260–272 |isbn= 978-0-9649082-7-7 |access-date= 25 March 2013 |archive-date= 2023-04-06 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230406061627/https://www.ascecuba.org/publications/annual-proceedings/cuba-in-transition-volume-08/ |url-status= dead }} *{{Cite book |last1=Breier |first1=Mignonne |last2=Wildschut |first2=Angelique |year=2007 |title=Doctors in a Divided Society: The Profession and Education of Medical Practitioners in South Africa |publisher=HSRC Press |isbn=978-0-7969-2153-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WtuiTYThR7sC&pg=PP1 }} *{{Cite book |editor1-last= Chomsky |editor1-first= Aviva |editor1-link= Aviva Chomsky |editor2-last= Carr |editor2-first= Barry |editor3-last= Smorkaloff |editor3-first= Pamela Maria |year= 2004 |title= The Cuba Reader: History, Culture, Politics |location= Durham,&nbsp;NC |publisher= [[Duke University Press]] |isbn= 978-0-8223-3197-1 |url-access= registration |url= https://archive.org/details/cubareaderhistor0000unse }} *{{cite book |last1=Clodfelter |first1=Micheal |date=2017 |title=Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015 |edition=4th |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-0786474707}} *{{Cite book |last= Corbett |first= Ben |year= 2002 |title= This Is Cuba: An Outlaw Culture Survives |publisher= [[Westview Press]] |isbn= 978-0-8133-3826-2 |url-access= registration |url= https://archive.org/details/thisiscubaoutlaw00benc }} *{{Cite book |last1= Crespo |first1= Nicolás |last2= Negrón Díaz |first2= Santos |year= 1997 |chapter= Cuban Tourism in 2007: Economic Impact |chapter-url= http://www.ascecuba.org/c/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/v07-crespo.pdf |title= Cuba in Transition, Volume&nbsp;7 |url= http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/annual-proceedings/cuba-in-transition-volume-07/ |location= Silver Spring,&nbsp;MD |publisher= ASCE |pages= 150–161 |isbn= 978-0-9649082-6-0 |access-date= 25 March 2013 |archive-date= 2021-12-24 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211224093923/https://www.ascecuba.org/publications/annual-proceedings/cuba-in-transition-volume-07/ |url-status= dead }} *{{Cite book |last= Domínguez |first= Jorge I. |author-link= Jorge I. Dominguez |year= 1978 |title= Cuba: Order and Revolution |url= https://archive.org/details/cubaorderrevolut0000domn |location= Cambridge,&nbsp;MA |publisher= [[Belknap Press]] |isbn= 978-0-674-17925-7}} *{{Cite book |last= Domínguez |first= Jorge I. |year= 1989 |title= To Make a World Safe for Revolution: Cuba's Foreign Policy |url= https://archive.org/details/tomakeworldsafef0000domi |location= Cambridge,&nbsp;MA |publisher= [[Harvard University Press]] |isbn= 978-0-674-89325-2}} *{{Cite book |last= Domínguez |first= Jorge I. |year= 2003 |title= A Constitution for Cuba's Political Transition: The Utility of Retaining (and Amending) the 1992 Constitution |url= http://www.people.fas.harvard.edu/~jidoming/images/jid_constitution.PDF |location= Coral Gables,&nbsp;FL |publisher= Institute for Cuban and Cuban-American Studies, [[University of Miami]] |isbn= 978-1-932385-04-5 |access-date= 19 August 2012 }} *{{Cite book |last= Espino |first= María Dolores |year= 2000 |chapter= Cuban Tourism During the Special Period |chapter-url= http://www.ascecuba.org/c/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/v10-espino.pdf |title= Cuba in Transition, Volume&nbsp;10 |url= http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/annual-proceedings/cuba-in-transition-volume-10/ |location= Silver Spring,&nbsp;MD |publisher= ASCE |isbn= 978-0-9649082-8-4 |access-date= 25 March 2013 |archive-date= 2021-12-24 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211224093915/https://www.ascecuba.org/publications/annual-proceedings/cuba-in-transition-volume-10/ |url-status= dead }} *{{Cite journal |last= Falk |first= Pamela S. |year= 1988 |title= Washing and Havana |url= https://archive.org/details/sim_wilson-quarterly_winter-1988_12_5/page/n69 |journal= [[The Wilson Quarterly]] |volume= 12 |issue= 5 |pages= 64–74 |jstor= 40257732}} *{{Cite journal |last= Feinsilver |first= Julie M. |year= 1989 |title= Cuba as a 'World Medical Power': The Politics of Symbolism |url= https://archive.org/details/sim_latin-american-research-review_1989_24_2/page/1 |journal= Latin American Research Review |volume= 24 |issue= 2 |pages= 1–34 |jstor= 2503679}} *{{Cite book |author= Gebru Tareke <!-- Ethiopian names, remember! --> |year= 2009 |title= The Ethiopian Revolution: War in the Horn of Africa |url= https://archive.org/details/ethiopianrevolut0000gebr|location= New Haven,&nbsp;CT |publisher= [[Yale University Press]] |isbn= 978-0-300-14163-4}} *{{Cite journal |last1= Gershman |first1= Carl |last2= Gutierrez |first2= Orlando |year= 2009 |title= Can Cuba Change? Ferment in Civil Society |url= http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/article/can-cuba-change-ferment-civil-society |journal= Journal of Democracy |volume= 20 |number= 1 |pages= 36–54 |doi= 10.1353/jod.0.0051 |s2cid= 144413653 }} *{{Cite journal |last=Gleijeses |first=Piero |author-link=Piero Gleijeses |year=1994 |title='Flee! The White Giants are Coming!': The United States, the Mercenaries, and the Congo, 1964–1965 |url=http://vi.uh.edu/pages/buzzmat/DH%20articles/gleijeses%20flee%20the%20white%20giants.pdf |journal=[[Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations|Diplomatic History]] |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=207–237 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-7709.1994.tb00611.x |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117013342/http://vi.uh.edu/pages/buzzmat/DH%20articles/gleijeses%20flee%20the%20white%20giants.pdf |archive-date=17 January 2013 }} *{{Cite journal |last= Gleijeses |first= Piero |year= 1996 |title= Cuba's First Venture in Africa: Algeria, 1961–1965 |journal= [[Journal of Latin American Studies]] |volume= 28 |issue= 1 |pages= 159–195 |jstor= 157991|doi=10.1017/s0022216x00012670}} *{{Cite journal |last= Gleijeses |first= Piero |year= 1997 |title= The First Ambassadors: Cuba's Contribution to Guinea-Bissau's War of Independence |journal= Journal of Latin American Studies |volume= 29 |issue= 1 |pages= 45–88 |jstor= 158071|doi=10.1017/s0022216x96004646}} *{{Cite book |last= Gleijeses |first= Piero |year= 2002 |title= Conflicting Missions: Havana, Washington, and Africa, 1959–1976 |url= https://archive.org/details/conflictingmissi0000pier |location= Chapel Hill, NC |publisher= [[University of North Carolina Press]] |isbn= 978-0-8078-2647-8}} *{{Cite book |last= Gleijeses |first= Piero |year= 2010 |chapter= Cuba and the Cold War, 1959–1980 |title= ''In Melvyn P. Leffler & Odd Arne Westad, eds.,'' The Cambridge History of the Cold War, Volume&nbsp;II: Crises and Détente |location= Cambridge |publisher= [[Cambridge University Press]] |pages= 327–348 |isbn= 978-0-521-83720-0}} *{{Cite book |last= Gleijeses |first= Piero |year= 2013 |title= Visions of Freedom: Havana, Washington, Pretoria, and the Struggle for Southern Africa, 1976–1991 |location= Chapel Hill, NC |publisher= [[University of North Carolina Press]] |isbn= 978-1-4696-0968-3}} *{{Cite book |last= Gott |first= Richard |author-link= Richard Gott |year= 2004 |title= Cuba: A New History |location= New Haven, CT |publisher= [[Yale University Press]] |isbn= 978-0-300-10411-0 |url-access= registration |url= https://archive.org/details/cubanewhistory0000gott }} *{{Cite book |last= Horowitz |first= Irving Louis |author-link= Irving Louis Horowitz |year= 1988 |title= Cuban Communism |url= https://archive.org/details/cubancommunism0000unse_b5h3 |location= New Brunswick,&nbsp;NJ |publisher= Transaction Books |isbn= 978-0-88738-672-5}} <!-- :{{Cite book |last= Horowitz |first= Irving Louis |year= 2000 |title= ''In [[Irving Louis Horowitz]] and Jaime Suchlicki,&nbsp;eds.,'' Cuban Communism |edition= 10th |location= New Brunswick,&nbsp;NJ |publisher= [[Transaction Publishers]] |isbn= 978-0-7658-0765-6}} Using the 10th edition, since that's that one that Google Books has and so that is used for convenience links. --> *{{Cite journal |last= Luxenberg |first= Alan H. |year= 1988 |title= Did Eisenhower Push Castro into the Arms of the Soviets? |journal= [[University of Miami|Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs]] |volume= 30 |issue= 1 |pages= 37–71 |jstor= 165789 |doi= 10.2307/165789 }} *{{Cite book |last= Kolko |first= Gabriel |author-link= Gabriel Kolko |year= 1994 |title= Century of War: Politics, Conflicts, and Society since 1914 |location= New York,&nbsp;NY |publisher= [[The New Press]] |isbn= 978-1-56584-191-8 |url= https://archive.org/details/centuryofwarpoli00kolk }} *{{Cite book |last= McAlister |first= Lyle N. |year= 1984 |title= Spain and Portugal in the New World, 1492–1700 |location= Minneapolis,&nbsp;MN |publisher= [[University of Minnesota Press]] |isbn= 978-0-8166-1216-1 |url-access= registration |url= https://archive.org/details/spainportugalinn0000mcal }} *{{Cite book |last= Pedraza |first= Silvia |year= 2007 |title= Political Disaffection in Cuba's Revolution and Exodus |url= https://archive.org/details/politicaldisaffe0000pedr |location= New York,&nbsp;NY |publisher= [[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn= 978-0-521-86787-0}} *{{Cite book |last= Pérez-López |first= Jorge F. |year= 1996 |chapter= Cuban Military Expenditures: Concepts, Data and Burden Measures |chapter-url= http://www.ascecuba.org/c/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/v06-23perlopez.fm_.pdf |title= Cuba in Transition, Volume&nbsp;6 |url= http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/annual-proceedings/cuba-in-transition-volume-06/ |location= Washington,&nbsp;DC |publisher= ASCE |pages= 124–144 |isbn= 978-0-9649082-5-3 |access-date= 25 March 2013 |archive-date= 2021-12-24 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20211224093919/https://www.ascecuba.org/publications/annual-proceedings/cuba-in-transition-volume-06/ |url-status= dead }} *{{Cite book |last= Ramazani |first= Rouhollah K. |year= 1975 |title= The Persian Gulf and the Strait of Hormuz |url= https://archive.org/details/persiangulfstrai0000rama |location= Alphen aan den Rijn |publisher= Sijthoff & Noordhoff |isbn= 978-90-286-0069-0}} *{{Cite journal |last1= Roberg |first1= Jeffrey L. |last2= Kuttruff |first2= Alyson |year= 2007 |title= Cuba: Ideological Success or Ideological Failure? |url= https://archive.org/details/sim_human-rights-quarterly_2007-08_29_3/page/779 |journal= [[Human Rights Quarterly]] |volume= 29 |issue= 3 |pages= 779–795 |jstor= 20072822 |doi=10.1353/hrq.2007.0033|s2cid= 143642998 }} *{{Cite book |last= Roy |first= Joaquín |year= 2000 |title= Cuba, the United States, and the Helms-Burton Doctrine: International Reactions |url= https://archive.org/details/cubaunitedstates0000royj |location= Gainesville,&nbsp;FL |publisher= [[University of Florida Press]] |isbn= 978-0-8130-1760-0}} *{{Cite book |last= Scheina |first= Robert L. |year= 2003 |title= Latin America's Wars, Volume I: The Age of the Caudillo, 1791–1899 |location= Dulles,&nbsp;VA |publisher= Brassey's |isbn= 978-1-57488-449-4}} *{{cite book |last1=Scheina |first=Robert L. |year=2003b |title=Latin America's Wars Volume II: The Age of the Professional Soldier, 1900-2001|url=https://archive.org/details/latinamericaswar0000robe }} *{{Cite book |last= Scott |first= Rebecca J. |author-link= Rebecca J. Scott |year= 2000 |orig-year= 1985 |title= Slave Emancipation in Cuba: The Transition to Free Labor, 1860–1899 |url= https://archive.org/details/slaveemancipatio0000scot_y7e3 |location= Pittsburgh,&nbsp;PA |publisher= [[University of Pittsburgh Press]] |isbn= 978-0-8229-5735-5}} *{{Cite journal |last= Smith |first= Wayne S. |author-link= Wayne Smith (diplomat) |year= 1996 |title= Cuba's Long Reform |url= https://archive.org/details/sim_foreign-affairs_march-april-1996_75_2/page/n144 |journal= [[Foreign Affairs]] |volume= 75 |issue= 2 |pages= 99–112 |jstor= 20047491|doi= 10.2307/20047491 }} *{{Cite book |last1= Smith |first1= Kirby |last2= Llorens |first2= Hugo |year= 1998 |chapter= Renaisssance and Decay: A Comparison of Socioeconomic Indicators in Pre-Castro and Current-Day Cuba |chapter-url= http://www.ascecuba.org/c/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/v08-30smith.pdf |title= Cuba in Transition, Volume&nbsp;8 |url= http://www.ascecuba.org/publications/annual-proceedings/cuba-in-transition-volume-08/ |location= Silver Spring,&nbsp;MD |publisher= ASCE |pages= 247–259 |isbn= 978-0-9649082-7-7 |access-date= 25 March 2013 |archive-date= 2023-04-06 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230406061627/https://www.ascecuba.org/publications/annual-proceedings/cuba-in-transition-volume-08/ |url-status= dead }} *{{Cite book |last= Sweig |first= Julia E. |author-link= Julia E. Sweig |year= 2004 |orig-year= 2002 |title= Inside the Cuban Revolution: Fidel Castro and the Urban Underground |edition= New |location= Cambridge,&nbsp;MA |publisher= [[Harvard University Press]] |isbn= 978-0-674-01612-5 |url= https://archive.org/details/insidecubanrevol00juli }} *{{Cite book |last= Thomas |first= Hugh |author-link= Hugh Thomas (writer) |year= 1997 |title= The Slave Trade: The Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1440–1870 |location= New York,&nbsp;NY |publisher= [[Simon & Schuster]] |isbn= 978-0-684-81063-8 |url= https://archive.org/details/slavetradestoryo00thom }} *{{Cite book |last= Thomas |first= Hugh |year= 1998 |title= Cuba; or, The Pursuit of Freedom |url= https://archive.org/details/cubaorpursuitoff0000thom |edition= updated |location= Cambridge,&nbsp;MA |publisher= [[Da Capo Press]] |isbn= 978-0-306-80827-2}} *{{Cite book |last= Westad |first= Odd Arne |author-link= Odd Arne Westad |year= 2012 |title= Restless Empire: China and the World Since 1750 |url= https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781847921987 |location= London |publisher= [[The Bodley Head]] |isbn= 978-1-84792-197-0}} *{{Cite book |last1= Whiteford |first1= Linda M. |last2= Branch |first2=Laurence G. |year=2008 |title=Primary Health Care in Cuba: The Other Revolution |url= https://archive.org/details/primaryhealthcar00lind |location= Lanham, MD |publisher= [[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn= 978-0-7425-5994-3}} *{{Cite book |last= Wright |first= Irene Aloha |year= 1916 |title= The Early History of Cuba, 1492–1586 |url= https://openlibrary.org/works/OL143127W/The_early_history_of_Cuba_1492-1586 |location= New York,&nbsp;NY |publisher= [[Macmillan Publishers|The Macmillan Company]] }} {{Refend}} == ແຫຼ່ງຂໍ້ມູນອື່ນ == {{Sister project links|auto=1|wikt=y|v=y}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110209123658/http://www.cubagob.cu/ ເວັບໄຊທາງການຂອງລັດຖະບານກູບາ] {{in lang|es}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080830044824/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/cuba.htm Cuba] from [[University of Colorado Boulder]] Libraries *[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cuba/ Cuba] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812170744/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cuba/ |date=2021-08-12 }}. ''[[The World Factbook]]''. [[Central Intelligence Agency]]. *[http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=CU Key Development Forecasts for Cuba] from [[International Futures]] *{{curlie|Regional/Caribbean/Cuba}} *{{Wikiatlas|Cuba}} [[ໝວດ:ປະເທດກູບາ| ]] [[ໝວດ:ລັດກອມມູນິດ|ກ]] [[ໝວດ:ເກາະໃນທະເລແຄຣິບບຽນ|ກ]] [[ໝວດ:ປະເທດ|ກ]] 34cjrbueuy2bshj5hidx5xcy946szwo 0 20540 130099 129684 2026-08-20T19:58:38Z InternetArchiveBot 13695 Add 4 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 130099 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Vincent van Gogh - Self-Portrait - Google Art Project (454045).jpg|thumb|250px|ພາບຕົນເອງຊອງແວນ ໂກະໃນປິ ຄ.ສ. 1887]] '''ວິນເຊັນ ວິນເລັມ ແວນ ໂກະ''' ({{lang-nl|Vincent Willem van Gogh}}; 30 ມີນາ ຄ.ສ. 1853 - 29 ກໍລະກົດ ຄ.ສ. 1890) ເປັນນັກແຕ້ມຊາວໂຮນລັງໃນລັດທິປະທັບໃຈຍຸກຫຼັງ ເຊິ່ງແມ່ນຫນຶ່ງໃນນັກແຕ້ມທີ່ມີຊື່ສຽງແລະມີອິດທິພົນທີ່ສຸດໃນປະຫວັດສາດສິລະປະຕາເວັນຕົກ ເຂົາສ້າງຜົນງານສິລະປະຫຼາຍກວ່າ 2,100 ຮູບ ໃນເວລາພຽງ 10 ປີ ໃນຈຳນວນພາບສີນ້ຳມັນ 860 ຮູບ ສ່ວນຫຼາຍແມ່ນຜະລິດໃນຊ່ວງເວລາ 2 ປີສຸດທ້າຍຂອງແວນ ໂກະ ງານພາບຂອງເຂົາມີມັງພາບພູມສັນຖານ, ພາບນິ່ງ, ພາບຄົນ ແລະພາບຕົນເອງ ທັງ​ຫມົດ​ມີ​ລັກ​ສະ​ນະ​ໂດຍການ​ໃຊ້ສີ​ທີ່​ຈັດຈ້ານແລະ​ການ​ແປງ​ທີ່​ເຂ້ມສະ​ແດງ​ໃຫ້​ເຫັນ​ອາ​ລົມທີ່​ນ່າປະທັບໃຈແລະເປົນພື້ນຖານການສ້າງສິນລະປະຍຸກໃໝ່ ຫຼັງ​ຈາກ​ທຸກ​ທໍ​ລະ​ມານ​ຈາກ​ຄວາມ​ເຈັບ​ປວດ​ໃຈ​ແລະ​ຄວາມ​ທຸກ​ຍາກ​ເປັນ​ເວ​ລາ​ຫຼາຍ​ປີ​ ເຂົາໄດ້ເສຍຊີວິດໃນອາຍຸ 37 ປີ ==ບັນນານຸກົມ== {{refbegin|30em}} * {{cite book |last= Arnold |first=Wilfred Niels |title=Vincent van Gogh: Chemicals, Crises, and Creativity|url= https://archive.org/details/vincentvangoghch0000arno |publisher=Birkhäuser |date=1992 |isbn=978-3-7643-3616-5 }} * {{cite journal|last=Arnold|first=Wilfred Niels|title=The illness of Vincent van Gogh|journal=[[Journal of the History of the Neurosciences]]|volume=13|issue=1|pages=22–43|year=2004|doi=10.1080/09647040490885475|pmid=15370335|s2cid=220462421|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/8345093|access-date=23 October 2018|archive-date=23 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023234318/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/8345093|url-status=live}} <!-- * {{cite book |last= Bailey |first=Martin |title=The Sunflowers are Mine: The Story of Van Gogh's Masterpiece|publisher=Frances Lincoln |date=2013 |isbn=978-0-7112-3298-3}} --> * {{cite journal |last=Blumer |first=Dietrich |doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.159.4.519 |doi-access=|title=The Illness of Vincent van Gogh |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-psychiatry_2002-04_159_4/page/519 |journal=[[American Journal of Psychiatry]] |year=2002 |volume=159 |issue=4 |pages=519–526 |pmid=11925286|s2cid=43106568 }} * {{cite book |last=Callow |first=Philip |title=Vincent van Gogh: A Life |url=https://archive.org/details/vincentvangoghli00call_0 |url-access=registration |publisher=Ivan R. Dee |date=1990 |isbn=978-1-56663-134-1 }} * {{cite book |last1=Channing |first1=Laurence |first2=Barbara J. |last2=Bradley |title=Monet to Dalí: Impressionist and Modern Masterworks from the Cleveland Museum of Art|publisher=Cleveland Museum of Art |date=2007 |isbn=978-0-940717-90-9 }} * {{cite journal|last=Cohen|first=Ben |year=2003|title=A Tale of Two Ears|journal=[[Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine]]|volume=96 |issue=6|pmc=539517 |pmid=12782701 |pages=305–306 |doi=10.1177/014107680309600615}} * {{cite book|last=Davies|first=Christopher|title=Divided by a Common Language: A Guide to British and American English|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HTSWCwAAQBAJ|year=2007|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|isbn=978-0-547-35028-8|access-date=20 October 2016|archive-date=7 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170307072526/https://books.google.com/books?id=HTSWCwAAQBAJ|url-status=live}} * {{cite book |last1=Doiteau |first1=Victor |last2=Leroy |first2=Edgard |title=La Folie de Vincent Van Gogh |url=https://archive.org/details/lafoliedevincent00doit |language=fr |publisher=Éditions Aesculape |date=1928 |oclc=458125921 }} * {{cite book |last=Dorn |first=Roland |title=Décoration: Vincent van Gogh's Werkreihe für das Gelbe Haus in Arles |trans-title=Décoration: Vincent van Gogh's Series of Works for the Yellow House in Arles |language=de |publisher=Olms Verlag |date=1990 |isbn=978-3-487-09098-6 }} * {{cite contribution |last1=Dorn |first1=Roland |last2=Leeman |first2=Fred |contribution=(exh. cat.) |editor-last=Költzsch |editor-first=Georg-Wilhelm |title=Vincent van Gogh and the Modern Movement, 1890–1914|year=1990 |isbn=978-3-923641-33-8 }} Other editions: {{ISBN|978-3-923641-31-4}} (German); {{ISBN|978-90-6630-247-1}}(Dutch) * {{cite contribution |last1=Dorn |first1=Roland |last2=Keyes |first2=George |contribution=(exh. cat) |title=Van Gogh Face to Face: The Portraits |year=2000 |publisher=Thames & Hudson |isbn=978-0-89558-153-2 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/vangoghfacetofac0000gogh }} <!-- (REFCHECK alt) --> * {{cite book |editor1-last=Dorn |editor1-first=Roland |editor2-last=Schröder |editor2-first=Albrecht |editor3-last=Sillevis |editor3-first=John |title= Van Gogh und die Haager Schule|publisher= Bank Austria Kunstforum |date=1996 |isbn=978-88-8118-072-1 }} * {{cite contribution |last1=Druick |first1=Douglas |last2=Zegers |first2=Pieter |contribution=(exh. cat) |title=Van Gogh and Gauguin: The Studio of the South |publisher=Thames & Hudson |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-500-51054-4 |url=https://archive.org/details/vangoghgauguinth00drui }} * {{cite book |last=Edwards |first=Cliff |title=Van Gogh and God: A Creative Spiritual Quest |url=https://archive.org/details/vangoghgodcreati0000edwa |publisher=Loyola University Press|date=1989 |isbn=978-0-8294-0621-4 }} * {{cite book |last=Erickson |first=Kathleen Powers |title=At Eternity's Gate: The Spiritual Vision of Vincent van Gogh |url=https://archive.org/details/ateternitysgate00eric |url-access=registration |publisher=Eerdmans |date=1998 |isbn=978-0-8028-4978-6 }} * {{cite book |last1=Farr |first1=Dennis |last2=Peppiatt |first2=Michael |author2-link=Michael Peppiatt |last3=Yard |first3=Sally |title=Francis Bacon: A Retrospective |url=https://archive.org/details/francisbaconretr0000farr |url-access=registration |publisher=Harry N. Abrams |date=1999 |isbn=978-0-8109-2925-8 }} <!-- WorldCat says place of publication not identified --> * {{ cite book | last=Feilchenfeldt | first=Walter | year=2013 | title=Vincent Van Gogh: The Years in France: Complete Paintings 1886–1890 | url=https://archive.org/details/vincentvangoghye0000feil | publisher=Philip Wilson | isbn=978-1-78130-019-0 }} * {{cite book |last=Fell |first=Derek |author-link=Derek Fell |title=The Impressionist Garden|url=https://archive.org/details/impressionistgar0000fell_u4h9 |publisher=Frances Lincoln |date=1997 |isbn=978-0-7112-1148-3 }} * {{cite book |last=Fell |first=Derek |title=Van Gogh's Women: His Love Affairs and Journey into Madness |publisher=Pavilion Books |date=2015 |isbn=978-1-910232-42-2 }} <!-- WorldCat only has 2005; Carrol & Graf --> * {{cite book |last=Gayford |first=Martin |title=The Yellow House: Van Gogh, Gauguin, and Nine Turbulent Weeks in Arles |publisher=Penguin |date=2006 |isbn=978-0-670-91497-5 }} * {{cite book |editor-last=Geskó |editor-first=Judit |title=Van Gogh in Budapest|url=https://archive.org/details/vangoghinbudapes0000gogh |publisher=Vince Books |date=2006 |isbn=978-963-7063-34-3 }}; {{ISBN|978-963-7063-33-6}} (Hungarian) * {{cite book|last=Grant|first=Patrick|title=The Letters of Vincent van Gogh: A Critical Study|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c2L7AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA9|date=2014|publisher=Athabasca University Press|isbn=978-1-927356-74-6|access-date=20 October 2016|archive-date=7 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170307050125/https://books.google.com/books?id=c2L7AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA9|url-status=live}} * {{cite book |last=Hammacher |first=Abraham M. |title=Vincent van Gogh: Genius and Disaster |publisher=Harry N. Abrams |date=1985 |isbn=978-0-8109-8067-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/vincentvangoghge0000hamm }} * {{cite book |last=Hayden |first=Deborah |title=Pox: Genius, Madness and the Mysteries of Syphilis |url=https://archive.org/details/poxgeniusmadness0000hayd |url-access=registration |publisher=Basic Books |date=2003 |isbn=978-0-465-02881-8 }} * {{cite journal |last =Hemphill |first= R. E. |title=The illness of Vincent van Gogh|journal=[[Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine|Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine]] |year= 1961 |volume= 54 |issue= 12 |pages =1083–1088| doi= 10.1177/003591576105401206 |pmid=13906376| pmc= 1870504 | s2cid= 38810743 }} * {{cite book |last=Hughes |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Hughes (critic) |title=Nothing If Not Critical |publisher=The Harvill Press |date=1990 |isbn=978-0-14-016524-1 |url=https://archive.org/details/nothingifnotcrit00robe }} * {{cite book |last=Hughes |first=Robert |title=The Portable Van Gogh|url=https://archive.org/details/portablevangogh0000gogh |publisher=Universe |date=2002 |isbn=978-0-7893-0803-0 }} * {{cite book |last=Hulsker |first=Jan |author-link=Jan Hulsker |title=The Complete Van Gogh, paintings, drawings, sketches |publisher=Phaidon |date=1980 |isbn=978-0-7148-2028-6 }} * {{cite book |last=Hulsker |first=Jan|title=Vincent and Theo Van Gogh: A Dual Biography|url=https://archive.org/details/vincenttheovango0000huls |publisher=Fuller Publications |date=1990 |isbn=978-0-940537-05-7 }} * {{cite book |last=Lubin |first=Albert J. |title=Stranger on the Earth: A Psychological Biography of Vincent van Gogh |publisher=Holt, Rinehart and Winston |date=1972 |isbn=978-0-03-091352-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/strangeronearth00lubi }} * {{cite book |last=McQuillan |first=Melissa |title=Van Gogh |publisher=Thames and Hudson |date=1989 |isbn=978-0-500-20232-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/vangogh00mcqu }} * {{cite book |last1=Naifeh |first1=Steven W. |author-link1=Steven Naifeh |first2=Gregory White |last2=Smith |author-link2=Gregory White Smith |title=Van Gogh: The Life|url=https://archive.org/details/vangoghlife0000naif |publisher=Random House |date=2011 |isbn=978-0-375-50748-9 }} * {{cite book |last=Nemeczek |first=Alfred |title=Van Gogh in Arles|url=https://archive.org/details/vangoghinarles0000neme | publisher=Prestel Verlag |date=1999 |isbn=978-3-7913-2230-8 }} * {{cite journal|last=Perry|first=Isabella H.|title=Vincent van Gogh's illness: a case record|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_bulletin-of-the-history-of-medicine_march-april-1947_21_2/page/146|journal=Bulletin of the History of Medicine|volume=21|pages=146–172|year=1947|issue=2|pmid=20242549}} * {{cite contribution |last=Pickvance |first=Ronald |contribution=(exh. cat) |title=English Influences on Vincent van Gogh, an exhibition organised by the Fine Art Department, University of Nottingham and the Arts Council of Great Britain, 1974-5 |id=University of Nottingham, 1974/75|publisher=Arts Council |year=1974 }} * {{cite contribution |last=Pickvance |first=Ronald |contribution=(exh. cat) |title=Van Gogh in Arles |id=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] |publisher=Abrams |year=1984 |isbn=978-0-87099-375-6 }} * {{cite contribution |last=Pickvance |first=Ronald |contribution=(exh. cat) |title=Van Gogh in Saint-Rémy and Auvers |id=Metropolitan Museum of Art |publisher=Abrams |year=1986 |isbn=978-0-87099-477-7 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/vangoghinsaintre0000pick }} * {{cite book |last=Pomerans |first=Arnold |author-link=Arnold Pomerans |title=The Letters of Vincent van Gogh |url=https://archive.org/details/lettersofvincent0000gogh |publisher=Penguin Classics |date=1997 |isbn=978-0-14-044674-6 }} * {{cite book |last=Rewald |first=John |author-link=John Rewald |title=Post-Impressionism: From van Gogh to Gauguin|publisher=Secker & Warburg |date=1978 |isbn=978-0-436-41151-9 }} * {{cite book |last=Rewald |first=John |title=Studies in Post-Impressionism |url=https://archive.org/details/studiesinpostimp0000rewa |publisher=Abrams |date=1986 |isbn=978-0-8109-1632-6 }} * {{cite book |last=Rosenblum |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Rosenblum |date=1975 |title=Modern Painting and the Northern Romantic Tradition: Friedrich to Rothko|publisher=Harper & Row |isbn=978-0-06-430057-5 }} * {{cite journal |last=Rovers |first=Eva |year=2007 | title='He Is the Key and the Antithesis of so Much': Helene Kröller-Müller's Fascination with Vincent van Gogh|journal=[[Simiolus: Netherlands Quarterly for the History of Art]]|volume= 33|issue=4 |pages=258–272 |jstor=25608496 }} * {{cite book|last=Selz|first=Peter Howard|title=German Expressionist Painting|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UimQfCpawyUC&pg=PA82|year=1968|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-02515-8|access-date=20 October 2016|archive-date=7 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170307074229/https://books.google.com/books?id=UimQfCpawyUC&pg=PA82|url-status=live}} * {{cite journal |last=Sund |first=Judy |year= 1988|title=The Sower and the Sheaf: Biblical Metaphor in the Art of Vincent van Gogh|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_art-bulletin_1988-12_70_4/page/660 |journal=[[College Art Association|The Art Bulletin]] |volume= 70|issue=4 |pages=660–676 |jstor=3051107 |doi=10.2307/3051107}} * {{cite book |last=Spurling |first=Hilary |author-link = Hilary Spurling |date= 1998|title=The Unknown Matisse: A Life of Henri Matisse, Vol. 1, 1869–1908|publisher=Hamish Hamilton|isbn=978-0-679-43428-3 }} * {{cite book |last=Sund |first=Judy |title=Van Gogh |publisher=Phaidon |date=2002 |isbn=978-0-7148-4084-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/vangogh00sund }} * {{cite book |last=Sweetman |first=David |author-link=David Sweetman |title=Van Gogh: His Life and His Art |publisher=Touchstone |date=1990 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rN7qAAAAMAAJ&q=Sweetman+1990+%22Van+Gogh:+His+Life+and+His+Art%22 |isbn=978-0-671-74338-3 }} * {{cite book |last=Tralbaut |first=Marc Edo |title=Vincent van Gogh, le mal aimé |language=fr|publisher=Alpine Fine Arts |orig-year=1969 |date=1981 |isbn=978-0-933516-31-1 }} * {{cite book |last1=Van der Veen |first1=Wouter |first2=Peter |last2=Knapp |title=Van Gogh in Auvers: His Last Days|publisher=Monacelli Press |date=2010 |isbn=978-1-58093-301-8 }} * {{cite book |last=Van der Wolk |first=Johannes |title=De schetsboeken van Vincent van Gogh |trans-title=The Sketchbooks of Vincent van Gogh |language=nl |publisher=Meulenhoff/Landshoff|isbn=978-90-290-8154-2 |date=1987 |ref=none}} * {{cite book |last=Van Gogh |first=Vincent |author-link=Vincent van Gogh |url=http://www.vangoghletters.org/ |title=Vincent van Gogh – The Letters |editor1=Leo Jansen |editor2=Hans Luijten |editor3=Nienke Bakker |publisher=Van Gogh Museum & Huygens ING |date=2009 |access-date=2024-01-14 |archive-date=2021-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811194851/https://vangoghletters.org/ |url-status=dead }} * {{cite book |last=Van Heugten |first=Sjraar |title=Vincent van Gogh: tekeningen 1: Vroege jaren 1880–1883 |trans-title=Vincent van Gogh: Drawings 1: Early years 1880–1883 |language=nl|publisher=V+K |date=1996 |isbn=978-90-6611-501-9 }} * {{cite journal |last=Van Uitert |first=Evert |year= 1981|title=Van Gogh's Concept of His ''Oeuvre''|journal=Simiolus: Netherlands Quarterly for the History of Art |volume= 12|issue=4 |pages=223–244 |jstor=3780499 | ref = {{sfnRef|van Uitert|1981}} |doi=10.2307/3780499}} * {{cite book |editor1-last=van Uitert |editor1-first=Evert |editor2-last=van Tilborgh |editor2-first=Louis |editor3-last=van Heugten |editor3-first=Sjraar |contribution=(exh. cat) |title= Vincent van Gogh|url=https://archive.org/details/vincentvangoghdr0000wolk |publisher= Arnoldo Mondadori Arte de Luca |date=1990 |isbn=978-88-242-0022-6 }}<!-- ISBN 13 conversion shows a false result --> * {{cite book |last1=Walther |first1=Ingo |last2=Metzger |first2=Rainer |title=Van Gogh: the Complete Paintings|publisher=Taschen |date=1994 |isbn=978-3-8228-0291-5 }} * {{cite journal |last=Weikop |first=Christian |year= 2007|title=Exhibition Reviews: Van Gogh and Expressionism. Amsterdam and New York |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_burlington-magazine_2007-03_149_1248/page/208 |journal=The Burlington Magazine|volume= 149|issue=1248 |pages=208–209 |jstor=20074786 }} * {{cite book |last=Wilkie |first=Kenneth |title=The Van Gogh File: The Myth and the Man|url=https://archive.org/details/vangoghfilemythm0000wilk |publisher=Souvenir Press |date=2004 |isbn=978-0-285-63691-0 }} {{refend}} == ແຫຼ່ງຂໍ້ມູນອື່ນ == * {{Commons category-inline|Vincent van Gogh|ວິນເຊັນ ແວນ ໂກະ}} [[ໝວດ:ບຸກຄົນທີ່ເກີດໃນປີ ຄ.ສ. 1853]] [[ໝວດ:ບຸກຄົນເສຍຊີວິດໃນປີ ຄ.ສ. 1890]] [[ໝວດ:ສິລະປິນ]] s85wy2kdz7begvu6nhqpd3cj0jawa3z 0 20915 130101 126557 2026-08-20T20:02:26Z InternetArchiveBot 13695 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 130101 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Political party|foundation={{Start date and age|df=yes|1985}} (official)|ideology={{Unbulleted list|class=nowrap | [[Shia Islamism]]<ref name="Shiite_jihad"/> | [[Jihad#Shia|Shia]] [[jihadism]]<ref name="Shiite_jihad">{{cite report |author=Philip Smyth |date=February 2015 |title=The Shiite Jihad in Syria and Its Regional Effects |url=http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/PolicyFocus138_Smyth-2.pdf |publisher=The Washington Institute for Near East Studies |pages=7–8 |access-date=13 March 2015 |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402150705/http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/PolicyFocus138_Smyth-2.pdf }}</ref> | [[Khomeinism]]<ref name="Shiite_jihad"/> | [[Islamic nationalism]]<ref name="Dalacoura 2012">{{Cite book |author-last=Dalacoura |author-first=Katerina |year=2012 |chapter=Islamist Terrorism and National Liberation: Hamas and Hizbullah |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PlTKrMFyawoC&pg=PA66 |title=Islamist Terrorism and Democracy in the Middle East |location=[[Cambridge]] |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |pages=66–96 |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511977367.004 |isbn=978-0-511-97736-7 |lccn=2010047275 |s2cid=150958046}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|first=Ekaterina|last=Stepanova|url=http://books.sipri.org/files/RR/SIPRIRR23.pdf|title=Terrorism in Asymmetrical Conflict: Ideological and Structural Aspects|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310143530/http://books.sipri.org/files/RR/SIPRIRR23.pdf|archive-date=2016-03-10|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=2008|page=113}}</ref> | [[Anti-Zionism]]<ref name=Gleis>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vYBtwkj78BUC&pg=PT63|title=Hezbollah and Hamas: A Comparative Study|author1=Joshua L. Gleis |author2=Benedetta Berti |year=2012|publisher=JHU Press |isbn=978-1-4214-0671-8}}</ref> | [[Pan-Islamism]]<ref name="Dalacoura 2012"/> | [[Sectarianism]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Hezbollah, the Lebanese Sectarian State, and Sectarianism |url=https://www.mei.edu/publications/hezbollah-lebanese-sectarian-state-and-sectarianism |publisher=Middle East Institute |access-date=13 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Bassel F |first1=Salloukh |title=The Sectarian Image Reversed: The Role of Geopolitics in Hezbollah's Domestic Politics |url=https://pomeps.org/the-sectarian-image-reversed-the-role-of-geopolitics-in-hezbollahs-domestic-politics |publisher=Middle East Political Pcience |year=2015}}</ref> | [[Populism]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.iemed.org/publication/hezbollah-and-the-lebanese-popular-movement/ | title=Hezbollah and the Lebanese Popular Movement }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09592310701674358 | doi=10.1080/09592310701674358 | title=Hezbollah: A Proletarian Party with an Islamic Manifesto – A Sociopolitical Analysis of Islamist Populism in Lebanon and the Middle East |year=2007 | last1=Salamey | first1=Imad | last2=Pearson | first2=Frederic | journal=Small Wars & Insurgencies | volume=18 | issue=3 | pages=416–438 | s2cid=143896155 |issn = 0959-2318 }}</ref> | [[Anti-imperialism]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Elie Alagha |first=Joseph |title=Hizbullah's Documents: From the 1985 Open Letter to the 2009 Manifesto |year=2011 |publisher=[[Amsterdam University Press]] |isbn=978-90-8555-037-2 |pages=15, 20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b0ntL1fUi8kC&pg=PA15}}<br />{{cite book |last=Shehata |first=Samer |title=Islamist Politics in the Middle East: Movements and Change |year=2012 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-0-415-78361-3 |page=176 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hhl_E-XAeLYC&pg=PA176}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Husseinia |first=Rola El |title=Hezbollah and the Axis of Refusal: Hamas, Iran and Syria |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_third-world-quarterly_2010_31_5/page/803 |journal=Third World Quarterly |year=2010 |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=803–815 |doi=10.1080/01436597.2010.502695|s2cid=219628295 }}</ref> | [[Anti-Western sentiment|Anti-West]]<ref name="Dalacoura 2012"/><ref>{{cite book |last=Levitt |first=Matthew |author-link=Matthew Levitt |year=2013 |title=Hezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God |page=356 |publisher=Hurst Publishers |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yTJeAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA356 |quote=Hezbollah's anti-Western militancy began with attacks against Western targets in Lebanon, then expanded to attacks abroad intended to exact revenge for actions threatening its or Iran's interests, or to press foreign governments to release captured operatives. |isbn=978-1-84904-333-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n9QycqW1qogC&pg=PA267 |title=An International History of Terrorism: Western and Non-Western Experiences |page=267 |quote=Based upon these beliefs, Hezbollah became vehemently anti-West and anti-Israel. |isbn=978-0-415-63540-0 |last1=Hanhimäki |first1=Jussi M. |last2=Blumenau |first2=Bernhard |year=2013|publisher=Routledge }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-MkxxSUSTuEC&pg=PT421 |title=Criminology: Theories, Patterns & Typology |page=396 |quote=Hezbollah is anti-West and anti-Israel and has engaged in a series of terrorist actions including kidnappings, car bombings, and airline hijackings. |isbn=978-1-133-04964-7 |last1=Siegel |first1=Larry J. |year= 2012|publisher=Cengage Learning }}</ref><ref name="bbc-hi-me"/> | [[Antisemitism]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Carvajal |first1=Doreen |title=French Court Orders a Ban on Hezbollah-Run TV Channel |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/12/14/world/europe/french-court-orders-a-ban-on-hezbollahrun-tv-channel.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=October 8, 2024 |date=December 14, 2004}}</ref>{{sfn|Saad-Ghorayeb|2002|pp=168–86}} | [[Anti-LGBT rhetoric|Anti-LGBT]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230729-hezbollah-chief-in-new-attack-on-same-sex-relations-1|title=Hezbollah chief in new attack on same-sex relations|publisher=[[France 24]]|date=29 July 2023}}</ref> }}|headquarters=[[Beirut]], [[ເລບານອນ]]|Website={{URL|https://www.moqawama.org.lb}}|position=|religion=[[Shia Islam]]|national=[[March 8 Alliance]]|international=[[Axis of Resistance]]}}   '''ຮິໂບລາ, ຮິຊບອລເລາະ (Hezbollah)''' ( /ˌ h ɛ z b ə ˈ l ɑː / ; {{Lang-ar|حزب الله|Ḥizbu 'llāh}} , {{Literal translation|Party of God}} ) {{Efn|Other [[Romanization of Arabic|transliterations]] include '''Hizbullah''', '''Hizballah''', ''Hizbollah'', ''Hezbolla'', ''Hezballah'', ''Hisbollah'', ''Hizbu'llah'' and ''Hizb [[Allah]]''.}} ເປັນ​ພັກການເມືອງ ແລະ ກຸ່ມປະກອບອາວຸດ Shia Islamist ເລ​ບາ​ນອນ​ແລະ​​. {{Sfn|Farida|2019}} ປີກດ້ານການທະຫານຂອງມັນ, ສະພາ Jihad, ບັນຊາການກໍາລັງປະກອບອາວຸດມີອໍານາດຫຼາຍທີ່ສຸດໃນເລບານອນ. ມັນ​ມີ​ການ​ສະ​ຫນັບ​ສະ​ຫນູນ​ທາງ​ດ້ານ​ການ​ເງິນ​ແລະ​ການ​ທະ​ຫານ​ຢ່າງ​ກວ້າງ​ຂວາງ​ຈາກ [[ປະເທດອິຫຣ່ານ|​ອີ​ຣ່ານ]] <ref>{{Cite web|title=What is Hezbollah, the group battling Israel in Lebanon?|archive-url=https://apnews.com/article/what-is-hezbollahisrael-lebanon-b4daa0a6084df27099cef45b59120034}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=What is Hezbollah? Lebanon's militant group has long been one of Israel's biggest foes|archive-url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/hezbollah-lebanese-militant-group/story?id=103864740}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=What you need to know about Hezbollah – DW – 07/28/2024|archive-url=https://www.dw.com/en/what-you-need-to-know-about-hezbollah/a-67093061}}</ref> ແລະ​ເປັນ​ສະ​ມາ​ຊິກ​ຊັ້ນ​ນໍາ​ຂອງ " ຝ່າຍການ​ຕໍ່​ຕ້ານ ​"​. <ref name="Hubbard-2024">{{Cite news|date=30 September 2024|title=Facing a Big Test, Iran's 'Axis of Resistance' Flails|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/30/world/middleeast/iran-axis-of-resistance.html}}</ref> ກຸ່ມ​ດັ່ງກ່າວ​ແມ່ນ​ຜູ້​ມີ​ບົດບາດ​ສຳຄັນ​ໃນ​ລະບົບ​ການ​ເມືອງ​ຂອງ​ເລ​ບາ​ນອນ, ​ແລະ​ຝ່າຍ​ການ​ເມືອງ​ຂອງ​ຕົນ, ການຈົງ​ຮັກ​ພັກດີ​ຕໍ່​ພັກ Resistance Bloc, ຍາດ​ໄດ້ 15 ທີ່​ນັ່ງ​ໃນ ​ລັດຖະສະພາ​ເລ​ບາ​ນອນ . ອົງການ​ທັງ​ໝົດ, ຫຼື​ປີກດ້ານການ​ທະຫານ​ຂອງ​ຕົນໂດຍລຳພັງ, ​ໄດ້​ຖືກ​ກຳນົດ​ໃຫ້​ເປັນ ​ກຸ່ມ​ກໍ່​ການ​ຮ້າຍ <ref name="Rudoren-Jodi-2013b">{{Cite news|date=22 July 2013|title=European Union Adds Military Wing of Hezbollah to List of Terrorist Organizations|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/23/world/middleeast/european-union-adds-hezbollah-wing-to-terror-list.html}}</ref> ໂດຍຫລາຍ​ປະ​ເທດ, ​ເຊິ່ງລວມທັງ​ປະ​ເທດ​ຕາ​ເວັນ​ຕົກ​ສ່ວນ​ໃຫຍ່. <ref>{{Cite news|date=2024-07-12|title=What the Lebanese People Really Think of Hezbollah|url=https://www.foreignaffairs.com/lebanon/what-lebanese-people-really-think-hezbollah|language=en-US}}</ref> <references /> q8zhortakjmvarbgresec26prwppsfh 0 21475 130136 128237 2026-08-21T07:08:56Z Randervik 18653 Randervik ຍ້າຍໜ້າ [[ຄີຕາເວັນຕົກ]] ໄປ [[ຄີເວສ]]: ຊື່ສະກົດຜິດ 128237 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ຄຸນນະພາບການແປ}} '''ຄີຕາເວັນຕົກ''' ('''Key West''') ແມ່ນເກາະຢູ່ໃນ ຊ່ອງແຄບຂອງລັດ Florida, ພາຍໃນລັດ Florida ຂອງສະຫະລັດ. ຮ່ວມກັນກັບເກາະດອນທັງຫມົດຫຼືບາງສ່ວນຂອງ Dredgers Key, Fleming Key, Sunset Key, ແລະພາກເຫນືອຂອງ ເກາະ Stock, ມັນປະກອບເປັນ '''ເມືອງຂອງ ຄີຕາເວັນຕົກ'''. [[ຮູບ:Key West, Florida by Planet Labs.jpg|thumb|ເດືອນຕຸລາ 2002 NASA ຮູບພາບຂອງ Key West ຈາກອາວະກາດ]] ເກາະ ຄີຕາເວັນຕົກ ມີຄວາມຍາວປະມານ {{Convert|4|mi|km|0}} ແລະ {{Convert|1|mi|km|0}} ກວ້າງ, ມີເນື້ອທີ່ທັງໝົດ {{Convert|4.2|sqmi|km2}}.<ref name="IslandStats">{{Cite web|archive-url=http://www.keywestcity.com/egov/docs/1165259495219.htm|title=Key West City Information: Regional Setting}}</ref> ພາຍໃນ Florida, ມັນແມ່ນ {{Convert|130|mi|km}} ທາງທິດຕາເວັນຕົກສຽງໃຕ້ຂອງ Miami ໂດຍທາງອາກາດ, ປະມານ {{Convert|165|mi|km}} ໂດຍທາງ. <ref name="chkdist">{{Cite web|archive-url=https://check-distance.com/route/miami-fl/key-west-fl|title=Distance from Miami, FL to Key West, FL}}</ref> ຄີຕາເວັນຕົກ ແມ່ນປະມານ {{Convert|95|mi|km}} ທາງ​ທິດ​ເຫນືອ​ຂອງ [[ປະເທດກູບາ|​ກູ​ບາ]] ​ໃນ​ຈຸດ​ທີ່​ໃກ້​ທີ່​ສຸດ​ຂອງ​ເຂົາ​ເຈົ້າ​, ແລະ {{Convert|106|mi|km}} ທາງ​ພາກ​ເຫນືອ​-​ຕາ​ເວັນ​ອອກ​ສຽງ​ເຫນືອ​ຂອງ Havana.<ref name="AcmeMapper">{{Cite web|archive-url=https://mapper.acme.com/?ll=24.54410,-81.80486&z=12&t=M&marker0=24.54410,-81.80486,Key%20West|title=ACME Mapper}}</ref><ref name="NHS">{{Cite web|archive-url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/gccalc.shtml|title=Latitude/Longitude Distance Calculator}}</ref> [[ຮູບ:Key west 2001.JPG|thumb|Key West 2001]] ==  ອ້າງອີງ == af9pzj0ufrl8fn9rt03bpg5jjlyv70b 130139 130136 2026-08-21T07:09:16Z Randervik 18653 130139 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ຄຸນນະພາບການແປ}} '''ຄີເວສ''' ('''Key West''') ແມ່ນເກາະຢູ່ໃນ ຊ່ອງແຄບຂອງລັດ Florida, ພາຍໃນລັດ Florida ຂອງສະຫະລັດ. ຮ່ວມກັນກັບເກາະດອນທັງຫມົດຫຼືບາງສ່ວນຂອງ Dredgers Key, Fleming Key, Sunset Key, ແລະພາກເຫນືອຂອງ ເກາະ Stock, ມັນປະກອບເປັນ '''ເມືອງຂອງ ຄີເວສ'''. [[ຮູບ:Key West, Florida by Planet Labs.jpg|thumb|ເດືອນຕຸລາ 2002 NASA ຮູບພາບຂອງ Key West ຈາກອາວະກາດ]] ເກາະ ຄີເວສ ມີຄວາມຍາວປະມານ {{Convert|4|mi|km|0}} ແລະ {{Convert|1|mi|km|0}} ກວ້າງ, ມີເນື້ອທີ່ທັງໝົດ {{Convert|4.2|sqmi|km2}}.<ref name="IslandStats">{{Cite web|archive-url=http://www.keywestcity.com/egov/docs/1165259495219.htm|title=Key West City Information: Regional Setting}}</ref> ພາຍໃນ Florida, ມັນແມ່ນ {{Convert|130|mi|km}} ທາງທິດຕາເວັນຕົກສຽງໃຕ້ຂອງ Miami ໂດຍທາງອາກາດ, ປະມານ {{Convert|165|mi|km}} ໂດຍທາງ. <ref name="chkdist">{{Cite web|archive-url=https://check-distance.com/route/miami-fl/key-west-fl|title=Distance from Miami, FL to Key West, FL}}</ref> ຄີເວສ ແມ່ນປະມານ {{Convert|95|mi|km}} ທາງ​ທິດ​ເຫນືອ​ຂອງ [[ປະເທດກູບາ|​ກູ​ບາ]] ​ໃນ​ຈຸດ​ທີ່​ໃກ້​ທີ່​ສຸດ​ຂອງ​ເຂົາ​ເຈົ້າ​, ແລະ {{Convert|106|mi|km}} ທາງ​ພາກ​ເຫນືອ​-​ຕາ​ເວັນ​ອອກ​ສຽງ​ເຫນືອ​ຂອງ Havana.<ref name="AcmeMapper">{{Cite web|archive-url=https://mapper.acme.com/?ll=24.54410,-81.80486&z=12&t=M&marker0=24.54410,-81.80486,Key%20West|title=ACME Mapper}}</ref><ref name="NHS">{{Cite web|archive-url=https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/gccalc.shtml|title=Latitude/Longitude Distance Calculator}}</ref> [[ຮູບ:Key west 2001.JPG|thumb|Key West 2001]] ==  ອ້າງອີງ == qch3cc3um5t8t6sdsmyityxgp4xt7u0 0 22044 130093 129803 2026-08-20T19:48:38Z InternetArchiveBot 13695 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 130093 wikitext text/x-wiki {{AI-generated|certain=yes}} '''ປັນຍາປະດິດ''' ({{lang-en|Artificial Intelligence}} ຫຍໍ້ວ່າ '''AI''') ແມ່ນຄວາມສະຫຼາດທີ່ສະແດງອອກໂດຍເຄື່ອງຈັກ ຫຼື ລະບົບຄອມພິວເຕີ, ເຊິ່ງແຕກຕ່າງຈາກຄວາມສະຫຼາດທາງທຳມະຊາດ (Natural Intelligence) ທີ່ສະແດງອອກໂດຍມະນຸດ ແລະ ສັດ. ປັນຍາປະດິດແມ່ນຂະແໜງການໜຶ່ງຂອງ[[ວິທະຍາສາດຄອມພິວເຕີ|ວິທະຍາການຄອມພິວເຕີ]] ທີ່ເນັ້ນໜັກໃນການສ້າງລະບົບທີ່ສາມາດປະຕິບັດໜ້າທີ່ທີ່ໂດຍປົກກະຕິແລ້ວຕ້ອງອາໄສສະຕິປັນຍາຂອງມະນຸດ ເຊັ່ນ: ການຮັບຮູ້ທາງສາຍຕາ, ການຮັບຮູ້ສຽງເວົ້າ, ການຕັດສິນໃຈ, ການແປພາສາ ແລະ ການຮຽນຮູ້ຈາກປະສົບການ.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Russell |first1=Stuart J. |last2=Norvig |first2=Peter |title=Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach |date=2021 |publisher=Pearson |edition=4th |isbn=978-0134610993}}</ref> ປະຈຸບັນ, ປັນຍາປະດິດໄດ້ກາຍເປັນພາກສ່ວນສຳຄັນຂອງອຸດສາຫະກຳເຕັກໂນໂລຊີ ແລະ ຖືກນຳໃຊ້ເພື່ອແກ້ໄຂບັນຫາທີ່ຊັບຊ້ອນໃນຫຼາຍຂົງເຂດ, ຕັ້ງແຕ່ທາງການແພດ, ການເງິນ, ຈົນເຖິງການຂົນສົ່ງ ແລະ ການສຶກສາ. == ປະຫວັດຄວາມເປັນມາ == ແນວຄວາມຄິດກ່ຽວກັບ "ເຄື່ອງຈັກທີ່ສາມາດຄິດໄດ້" ເລີ່ມຕົ້ນຂຶ້ນຕັ້ງແຕ່ສະໄໝບູຮານຜ່ານຕຳນານ ແລະ ນິຍາຍ, ແຕ່ການຄົ້ນຄວ້າປັນຍາປະດິດໃນຍຸກສະໄໝໃໝ່ແມ່ນເລີ່ມຕົ້ນຂຶ້ນໃນຊ່ວງກາງສະຕະວັດທີ 20. ໃນປີ ຄ.ສ 1950, ນັກຄະນິດສາດ [[ອາລັນ ທົວຣິງ]] (Alan Turing) ໄດ້ຕີພິມບົດຄວາມຊື່ວ່າ "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" ເຊິ່ງເພິ່ນໄດ້ສະເໜີ "ການທົດສອບທົວຣິງ" (Turing Test) ເພື່ອເປັນມາດຕະຖານໃນການວັດແທກວ່າເຄື່ອງຈັກມີຄວາມສາມາດໃນການຄິດທຽບເທົ່າມະນຸດ ຫຼື ບໍ່.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Turing |first=Alan M. |date=1950 |title=Computing Machinery and Intelligence |journal=Mind |volume=59 |issue=236 |pages=433–460 |doi=10.1093/mind/LIX.236.433}}</ref> ຄຳວ່າ "ປັນຍາປະດິດ" (Artificial Intelligence) ຖືກບັນຍັດຂຶ້ນຢ່າງເປັນທາງການໃນປີ 1956 ໂດຍ [[ຈອນ ແມັກຄາຣ໌ທີ]] (John McCarthy) ໃນກອງປະຊຸມທີ່ວິທະຍາໄລ Dartmouth (Dartmouth Workshop) ເຊິ່ງຖືກຍົກຍ້ອງວ່າເປັນຈຸດກຳເນີດຂອງຂະແໜງການ AI ຢ່າງແທ້ຈິງ. ກອງປະຊຸມຄັ້ງນີ້ໄດ້ລວບລວມເອົານັກວິທະຍາສາດຊັ້ນນຳເຊັ່ນ: Marvin Minsky, Allen Newell ແລະ Herbert A. Simon.<ref>{{cite web |last1=McCarthy |first1=John |last2=Minsky |first2=Marvin |last3=Rochester |first3=Nathaniel |last4=Shannon |first4=Claude |title=A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence |url=http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/history/dartmouth/dartmouth.html |date=August 31, 1955}}</ref> ຫຼັງຈາກຍຸກເລີ່ມຕົ້ນ, ການຄົ້ນຄວ້າ AI ໄດ້ປະເຊີນກັບຊ່ວງເວລາທີ່ເອີ້ນວ່າ "ລະດູໜາວຂອງ AI" (AI Winter) ໃນຊຸມປີ 1970 ແລະ 1980 ເຊິ່ງເປັນຊ່ວງທີ່ເງິນທຶນ ແລະ ຄວາມສົນໃຈຫຼຸດລົງເນື່ອງຈາກເຕັກໂນໂລຊີຍັງບໍ່ສາມາດຕອບສະໜອງຄວາມຄາດຫວັງໄດ້. ແນວໃດກໍຕາມ, ໃນຊຸມປີ 2010 ເປັນຕົ້ນມາ, AI ໄດ້ກັບມາເຕີບໂຕຢ່າງກ້າວກະໂດດ ຍ້ອນການພັດທະນາຂອງ [[Deep Learning]], ປະລິມານຂໍ້ມູນມະຫາສານ (Big Data), ແລະ ໜ່ວຍປະມວນຜົນກຣາບຟິກ (GPU) ທີ່ມີປະສິດທິພາບສູງຂຶ້ນ.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=LeCun |first1=Yann |last2=Bengio |first2=Yoshua |last3=Hinton |first3=Geoffrey |date=2015 |title=Deep learning |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_nature_2015-05-28_521_7553/page/436 |journal=Nature |volume=521 |issue=7553 |pages=436–444 |doi=10.1038/nature14539}}</ref> == ປະເພດຂອງປັນຍາປະດິດ == ນັກຄົ້ນຄວ້າໄດ້ແບ່ງປັນຍາປະດິດອອກເປັນ 3 ລະດັບຫຼັກ ຕາມຄວາມສາມາດຄື:<ref>{{cite book |last=Bostrom |first=Nick |title=Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies |year=2014 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0199678112}}</ref> # '''ປັນຍາປະດິດສະເພາະທາງ (Artificial Narrow Intelligence - ANI):''' ຫຼື ເອີ້ນວ່າ Weak AI, ແມ່ນ AI ທີ່ຖືກອອກແບບມາເພື່ອເຮັດວຽກສະເພາະຢ່າງດຽວ ເຊັ່ນ: ການຫຼິ້ນໝາກຣຸກ, ການແນະນຳໜັງໃນ Netflix ຫຼື ລະບົບຜູ້ຊ່ວຍສຽງ (Siri, Alexa). AI ທັງໝົດທີ່ມີຢູ່ໃນປະຈຸບັນແມ່ນຢູ່ໃນລະດັບນີ້. # '''ປັນຍາປະດິດທົ່ວໄປ (Artificial General Intelligence - AGI):''' ຫຼື Strong AI, ແມ່ນ AI ທີ່ມີຄວາມສະຫຼາດ ແລະ ຄວາມສາມາດໃນການຮຽນຮູ້, ເຂົ້າໃຈ ແລະ ນຳໃຊ້ຄວາມຮູ້ໃນຫຼາຍໆດ້ານທຽບເທົ່າກັບມະນຸດ. ປະຈຸບັນນີ້ AGI ຍັງເປັນພຽງທິດສະດີ ແລະ ຍັງບໍ່ມີການສ້າງສຳເລັດ. # '''ປັນຍາປະດິດອັດສະລິຍະ (Artificial Superintelligence - ASI):''' ແມ່ນລະດັບທີ່ AI ມີຄວາມສະຫຼາດລື່ນກາຍມັນສະໝອງທີ່ດີທີ່ສຸດຂອງມະນຸດໃນທຸກໆດ້ານ ບໍ່ວ່າຈະເປັນຄວາມຄິດສ້າງສັນ, ປັນຍາທາງສັງຄົມ ແລະ ວິທະຍາສາດ. == ຂະແໜງການຍ່ອຍ (Sub-fields) == ຂະແໜງການ AI ປະກອບມີຫຼາຍເຕັກນິກ ແລະ ວິທີການສຶກສາທີ່ສຳຄັນ ເຊັ່ນ: * '''ການຮຽນຮູ້ຂອງເຄື່ອງຈັກ ([[Machine Learning]] - ML):''' ເປັນເຕັກນິກທີ່ເຮັດໃຫ້ຄອມພິວເຕີສາມາດຮຽນຮູ້ຈາກຂໍ້ມູນໄດ້ເອງໂດຍບໍ່ຕ້ອງຂຽນໂປຣແກຣມຄຳສັ່ງທຸກຂັ້ນຕອນ. ລະບົບຈະສ້າງໂມເດລທາງສະຖິຕິເພື່ອຄາດເດົາ ຫຼື ຕັດສິນໃຈ.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Goodfellow |first1=Ian |last2=Bengio |first2=Yoshua |last3=Courville |first3=Aaron |title=Deep Learning |year=2016 |publisher=MIT Press |isbn=978-0262035613}}</ref> * '''ໂຄງຂ່າຍປະສາດທຽມແບບເລິກ (Deep Learning):''' ແມ່ນເຄືອຂ່າຍປະສາດທຽມ (Neural Networks) ທີ່ມີຫຼາຍຊັ້ນ (Layers) ເຊິ່ງສາມາດປະມວນຜົນຂໍ້ມູນທີ່ຊັບຊ້ອນໄດ້ດີเยี่ยม ເຊັ່ນ: ການຈຳແນກຮູບພາບ ແລະ ການແປພາສາ. * '''ການປະມວນຜົນພາສາທຳມະຊາດ (Natural Language Processing - NLP):''' ການສຶກສາທີ່ເນັ້ນໃຫ້ຄອມພິວເຕີເຂົ້າໃຈ, ຕີຄວາມ ແລະ ສ້າງພາສາຂອງມະນຸດ. ຕົວຢ່າງທີ່ຊັດເຈນໃນປະຈຸບັນແມ່ນ ໂມເດລພາສາຂະໜາດໃຫຍ່ (Large Language Models) ເຊັ່ນ [[ChatGPT]] ທີ່ໃຊ້ສະຖາປັດຕະຍະກຳ Transformer.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Vaswani |first1=Ashish |last2=Shazeer |first2=Noam |last3=Parmar |first3=Niki |last4=Uszkoreit |first4=Jakob |last5=Jones |first5=Llion |last6=Gomez |first6=Aidan N. |last7=Kaiser |first7=Łukasz |last8=Polosukhin |first8=Illia |date=2017 |title=Attention Is All You Need |journal=Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems |volume=30}}</ref> * '''ວິໄສທັດຄອມພິວເຕີ (Computer Vision):''' ເຮັດໃຫ້ເຄື່ອງຈັກສາມາດເຂົ້າໃຈ ແລະ ວິເຄາະຂໍ້ມູນຈາກຮູບພາບ ຫຼື ວິດີໂອ ເຊັ່ນ: ລະບົບສະແກນໃບໜ້າ. * '''ວິທະຍາການຫຸ່ນຍົນ ([[Robotics]]):''' ການລວມເອົາ AI ເຂົ້າໃນຮາດແວ ເພື່ອສ້າງຫຸ່ນຍົນທີ່ສາມາດເຄື່ອນໄຫວ ແລະ ຕອບສະໜອງຕໍ່ສະພາບແວດລ້ອມຕົວຈິງ. == ການປະຍຸກໃຊ້ງານ == ປັນຍາປະດິດມີບົດບາດສຳຄັນໃນຫຼາຍພາກສ່ວນຂອງສັງຄົມຍຸກໃໝ່: * '''ທາງການແພດ:''' AI ຖືກໃຊ້ໃນການວິເຄາະຮູບພາບ X-ray ຫຼື MRI ເພື່ອກວດຫາພະຍາດມະເຮັງ, ການຄົ້ນຄິດຢາໃໝ່ໆ ແລະ ການປິ່ນປົວແບບສະເພາະບຸກຄົນ (Personalized Medicine).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Topol |first1=Eric J. |title=High-performance medicine: the convergence of human and artificial intelligence |journal=Nature Medicine |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=44–56 |year=2019 |doi=10.1038/s41591-018-0300-7}}</ref> * '''ຍານຍົນອັດຕະໂນມັດ:''' ບໍລິສັດເຊັ່ນ Tesla ແລະ Waymo ໃຊ້ວິໄສທັດຄອມພິວເຕີ ແລະ Deep Learning ເພື່ອພັດທະນາລົດທີ່ສາມາດຂັບເຄື່ອນໄດ້ດ້ວຍຕົນເອງ. * '''ການເງິນ:''' ໃຊ້ລະບົບ Algorithm ໃນການກວດຈັບການສໍ້ໂກງບັດເຄຣດິດ (Fraud detection), ການອະນຸມັດສິນເຊື່ອ, ແລະ ການຊື້ຂາຍຮຸ້ນອັດຕະໂນມັດ (Algorithmic trading). * '''ການບັນເທີງ ແລະ ສິລະປະ:''' Generative AI ເຊັ່ນ Midjourney, DALL-E ແລະ ລະບົບສ້າງເພງ ສາມາດສ້າງຜົນງານສິລະປະ, ຮູບພາບ ແລະ ສຽງ ຈາກຄຳສັ່ງຂໍ້ຄວາມ (Text prompts) ໄດ້ຢ່າງສະຫຼາດ. == ຈັນຍາບັນ ແລະ ຄວາມສ່ຽງ == ການເຕີບໂຕຢ່າງໄວວາຂອງ AI ໄດ້ສ້າງຄວາມກັງວົນໃນຫຼາຍມິຕິ: * '''ຄວາມລຳອຽງ ແລະ ຄວາມຍຸຕິທຳ (Bias and Fairness):''' ຫາກຂໍ້ມູນທີ່ໃຊ້ສອນ AI ມີຄວາມລຳອຽງ, ຜົນລັບທີ່ອອກມາກໍຈະມີການຈຳແນກ ຫຼື ບໍ່ຍຸຕິທຳ (ເຊັ່ນ: ການຈຳແນກເຊື້ອຊາດໃນລະບົບສະແກນໃບໜ້າ). * '''ການຈ້າງງານ:''' ຄວາມກັງວົນວ່າ AI ແລະ ຫຸ່ນຍົນ ຈະເຂົ້າມາທົດແທນແຮງງານມະນຸດໃນຫຼາຍສາຍອາຊີບ ເຊິ່ງອາດກໍ່ໃຫ້ເກີດບັນຫາວ່າງງານ. * '''ຄວາມປອດໄພ ແລະ ຄວາມເປັນສ່ວນຕົວ:''' ການນຳໃຊ້ AI ໃນການສອດແນມ (Surveillance) ຫຼື ສ້າງຂ່າວປອມແບບແນບນຽນ (Deepfakes). * '''ໄພຂົ່ມຂູ່ລະດັບມວນມະນຸດ (Existential Risk):''' ນັກວິທະຍາສາດຊັ້ນນຳເຊັ່ນ [[ສະຕີເຟນ ຮອກຄິງ]] (Stephen Hawking) ແລະ ມະຫາເສດຖີ [[ອີລອນ ມັດ]] (Elon Musk) ໄດ້ອອກມາເຕືອນວ່າ ຫາກການພັດທະນາ AGI ຫຼື ASI ປາສະຈາກການຄວບຄຸມ ແລະ ການຈັດວາງເປົ້າໝາຍໃຫ້ກົງກັບຄຸນຄ່າຂອງມະນຸດ (AI Alignment), ມັນອາດຈະກາຍເປັນໄພຂົ່ມຂູ່ຕໍ່ການດຳລົງຢູ່ຂອງມະນຸດຊາດ.<ref>{{cite news |last=Cellan-Jones |first=Rory |title=Stephen Hawking warns artificial intelligence could end mankind |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-30290540 |work=BBC News |date=December 2, 2014}}</ref> == ເບິ່ງເພີ່ມເຕີມ == * [[ການຮຽນຮູ້ຂອງເຄື່ອງຈັກ]] (Machine Learning) * [[ເຄືອຂ່າຍປະສາດທຽມ]] (Neural Networks) * [[ວິທະຍາການຂໍ້ມູນ]] (Data Science) * [[ອິນເຕີເນັດໃນທຸກສິ່ງ]] (Internet of Things) == ອ້າງອີງ == {{Reflist}} == ອ້າງອິງ == octhclpydcgziikjp592z0rvrwvd1zv 0 22093 130132 130056 2026-08-21T06:44:35Z Randervik 18653 130132 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography | name = ປາກ ຮັງ-ຊໍ | image = [[ຮູບ:Park Hang-seo 1 (cropped).JPG|210px]] | caption = ປາກ ຮັງ-ຊໍ ໃນປີ 2018 | fullname = ປາກ ຮັງ-ຊໍ | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1957|10 |1}} | birth_place = [[Sancheong]], [[ແຂວງ Gyeongsang ໃຕ້|Gyeongnam]], ເກົາຫຼີໃຕ້ | height = 1.65 m<ref name="date">{{cite web |script-title=ko:박항서 |url=http://portal.kleague.com/common/search/popUpPlayerDetail.do?playerDetailInfo=19980289 |publisher=[[K League]] |access-date=14 December 2019 |language=ko |archive-date=12 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212140412/http://portal.kleague.com/common/search/popUpPlayerDetail.do?playerDetailInfo=19980289 |url-status=live }}</ref> | currentclub = | position = [[ກອງກາງ]] | collegeyears1 = 1977–1980 | college1 = [[Hanyang University]] | years1 = 1981 | years2 = 1981–1983 | years3 = 1984–1988 | clubs1 = ເກົາຫຼີ ທະນາຄານທຳອິດ | clubs2 = [[Sangju Sangmu FC#History|ກອງທັບເກົາຫຼີໃຕ້]] ([[Conscription in South Korea|ຮ່າງ]]) | clubs3 = [[FC Seoul|Lucky-Goldstar Hwangso]] | caps1 = | caps2 = | caps3 = 99 | goals1 = | goals2 = | goals3 = 15 | nationalyears1 = 1977–1978 | nationalyears2 = 1979–1980 | nationalyears3 = 1981 | nationalteam1 = [[ທີມຊາດເກົາຫລີໃຕ້ U20 ທີມຊາດເກົາຫຼີໃຕ້|U20 ເກົາຫລີໃຕ້]] | nationalteam2 = [[ບານເຕະທີມຊາດເກົາຫຼີໃຕ້ທີມ B|ເກົາຫຼີໃຕ້ B]] | nationalteam3 = [[ບານເຕະທີມຊາດເກົາຫຼີໃຕ້|ເກົາຫຼີໃຕ້]] | nationalcaps1 = | nationalcaps2 = | nationalcaps3 = 1 | nationalgoals1 = | nationalgoals2 = | nationalgoals3 = 0 | manageryears1 = 1996 | manageryears2 = 2000–2002 | manageryears3 = 2002 | manageryears4 = 2005–2007 | manageryears5 = 2008–2010 | manageryears6 = 2012–2015 | manageryears7 = 2017 | manageryears8 = 2017–2022 | manageryears9 = 2017–2023 | managerclubs1 = [[FC Seoul|Anyang LG Cheetahs]] (ຜູ້ດູແລ) | managerclubs2 = [[ບານເຕະທີມຊາດເກົາຫຼີໃຕ້|ເກົາຫຼີໃຕ້]] (ຜູ້ຊ່ວຍ) | managerclubs3 = [[U23 ເກົາຫຼີໃຕ້]] | managerclubs4 = [[Gyeongnam FC]] | managerclubs5 = [[Jeonnam Dragons]] | managerclubs6 = [[Sangju Sangmu FC|Sangju Sangmu]] | managerclubs7 = [[Changwon City FC|Changwon City]] | managerclubs8 = [[ບານເຕະທີມຊາດຫວຽດນາມຮຸ່ນອາຍຸບໍ່ເກີນ 23 ປີ|U23 ຫວຽດນາມ]] | managerclubs9 = [[ບານ​ເຕະ​ແຫ່ງ​ຊາດ​ຫວຽດ​ນາມ|ຫວຽດນາມ]] | pcupdate = | ntupdate = | medaltemplates = {{MedalSport | [[ເຕະບານ]]}} {{MedalCountry | {{KOR}} {{small|(as player)}} }} {{MedalCompetition | [[AFC Youth Championship]]}} {{MedalW | [[1978 AFC Youth Championship|ບັງກະລາເທດ 1978]] |}} {{MedalCountry | {{KOR}} {{small|(as manager)}} }} {{MedalCompetition | [[ເອຊຽນເກມ]]}} {{MedalBronze | [[2002 Asian Games|ປູຊານ 2002]] |}} {{MedalCountry | {{VIE}} {{small|(as manager)}}}} {{MedalCompetition | [[AFC U-23 Asian Cup|AFC U-23 Championship]]}} {{MedalRU | [[2018 AFC U-23 Championship|ຈີນ 2018]] |}} {{MedalCompetition | [[ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ]]}} {{MedalW | [[2018 AFF Championship|2018]] |}} {{MedalRU | [[2022 AFF Championship|2022]] |}} {{MedalCompetition | [[Football at the SEA Games|ກິລາຊີເກມ]]}} {{MedalGold | [[Football at the 2019 SEA Games – Men's tournament|ຟີລິບປິນ 2019]] |}} {{MedalGold | [[Football at the 2021 SEA Games – Men's tournament|ຫວຽດນາມ 2021]] |}} }} '''ປາກ ຮັງ-ຊໍ''' ([[ພາສາເກົາຫຼີ|ເກົາຫຼີ]]: 박항서; ເກີດໃນວັນທີ 1 ເດືອນຕຸລາປີ 1957<ref>{{Cite web|archive-url=https://entertain.naver.com/read?oid=213&aid=0001080115|title=호적상 1959년생 실제는 1957년생}}</ref>) ເປັນ[[ຜູ້ຈັດການ (ບານເຕະ)|ຜູ້ຈັດການບານເຕະ]]ເກົາຫຼີໃຕ້ ແລະ ອະດີດນັກກິລາ. ໃນໄລຍະ​ຜ່ານມາ​ນີ້ ລາວ​ເປັນ​ຜູ້​ຈັດ ​ບານ​ເຕະ​ໃຫ້[[ບານເຕະທີມຊາດຫວຽດນາມ|ທີມ​ຊາດ​ຫວຽດ​ນາມ]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vietnamese football sees tremendous progress during Park Hang-seo's tenure|archive-url=https://vietnamnet.vn/en/vietnamese-football-sees-tremendous-progress-during-park-hang-seo-s-tenure-2071597.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.laophattananews.com/archives/121486 |access-date=2025-02-23 |archive-date=2023-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927133340/https://www.laophattananews.com/archives/121486 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://laoedaily.com.la/2021/11/11/107663/ |access-date=2025-02-23 |archive-date=2021-11-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129000840/https://laoedaily.com.la/2021/11/11/107663/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ແລະ​ຖື​ວ່າ​ເປັນ​ຜູ້​ຈັດ​ການ​ທີ່​ປະສົບຄວາມສຳເລັດ​ທີ່​ສຸດ​ໃນ​ປະ​ຫວັດ​ສາດ​[[ເຕະບານໃນປະເທດຫວຽດນາມ|ບານ​ເຕະ​ຫວຽດ​ນາມ]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=10 lý do giúp thầy Park thành công nhất lịch sử bóng đá Việt Nam|archive-url=https://vov.vn/the-thao/bong-da/10-ly-do-giup-thay-park-thanh-cong-nhat-lich-su-bong-da-viet-nam-989145.vov}}</ref> == ອ້າງອີງ == [[ໝວດ:ບຸກຄົນທີ່ຍັງມີຊີວິດຢູ່]] 48izqv79dbodq482d1tz1tt7z8gppex 0 22881 130102 127248 2026-08-20T20:03:21Z InternetArchiveBot 13695 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 130102 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group|group=ຊາວສິງຫາລາ|native_name=සිංහල ජනතාව|native_name_lang=|image=Sinhalese_Wedding_Ceremony.jpg|caption=ເດັກນ້ອຍສິງຫາລາໃນ[[ຊຸດພື້ນເມືອງ]]|pop={{Circa|17 ລ້ານ|lk=yes}}<ref name="Sinhala">{{cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/sin|title=Sinhala|work=Ethnologue}}</ref>|region1=[[ປະເທດສີລັງກາ]]|pop1=15.2 ລ້ານ (74.9%) <small>(2012)</small>|ref1=<ref name="statistics.gov.lk">{{cite web|title=A2 : Population by ethnic group according to districts, 2012|url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/index.php?fileName=pop42&gp=Activities&tpl=3|publisher=Department of Census & Statistics, Sri Lanka|access-date=23 October 2012|archive-date=28 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170428063924/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/index.php?fileName=pop42&gp=Activities&tpl=3|url-status=dead}}</ref>|region2={{flag|United Arab Emirates}}|pop2=≈150,000 <small>(2025)</small>|ref2=<ref name="The Embassy">{{Cite web |last= |title=The Embassy |url=https://abudhabi.embassy.gov.lk/the-embassy/ |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=Embassy of Sri Lanka - UAE |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-16 |title=150,000 Sri Lankans employed in UAE : More opportunities |url=https://www.newswire.lk/2025/01/16/150000-sri-lankans-employed-in-uae-more-opportunities/ |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=Newswire |language=en-US}}</ref>|region3={{flag|Italy}}|pop3=108,069 <small>(2022)</small>|ref3=<ref>{{cite web|title=Cittadini Stranieri Cingalesi in Italia|url=https://www.tuttitalia.it/statistiche/cittadini-stranieri/sri-lanka/|website=Tuttitalia, 2022|date = 1 January 2022|access-date=2 August 2023}}</ref>|region4={{flag|Australia}}|pop4=58,166 <small>(2021)</small>|ref4=<ref>{{cite web|title=Find Census Data – QuickStats – 2021 Census|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/7107_AUS|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|access-date=22 August 2023}}</ref>|region5={{flag|United States}}|pop5=≈41,000 <small>(2016)</small>|ref5=<ref>{{cite news |title=Special Concerns for Sri Lankan American Voters – Foreign Policy and Terrorism |url=https://srilankanamericans.com/index.php/2021/03/06/special-concerns-for-sri-lankan-american-voters-foreign-policy-and-terrorism-by-anjelika-silva/ |access-date=2 September 2021 |work=Sri Lankan American Action Coalition |archive-date=2 ກັນຍາ 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902223229/https://srilankanamericans.com/index.php/2021/03/06/special-concerns-for-sri-lankan-american-voters-foreign-policy-and-terrorism-by-anjelika-silva/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>|region6={{flag|Canada}}|pop6=33,050 <small>(2021)</small>|ref6=<ref>{{cite web|title=Knowledge of languages by age and gender: Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions|url=https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810021601|website=Census Profile, 2021 Census|date=7 May 2021|publisher=Statistics Canada Statistique Canada|access-date=3 January 2023|archive-date=26 ມີນາ 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326022740/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810021601|url-status=dead}}</ref>|region7={{flag|Singapore}}|pop7=≈17,000|ref7=<ref>{{cite web | url=https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/14196/SN | title=Sinhalese in Singapore }}</ref>|region8={{flag|United Kingdom}}|pop8=14,731 <small>(2021)</small>|ref8=<ref>{{cite web|title=Population of the UK by country of birth and nationality|url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/visualisations/dvc2205/fig1/datadownload.xlsx|publisher=Office for National Statistics|access-date=22 August 2023}}</ref>|region9={{flag|New Zealand}}|pop9=9,171 <small>(2018)</small>|ref9=<ref>{{cite web|title=2018 Census ethnic group summaries {{!}} Stats NZ|url=https://www.stats.govt.nz/tools/2018-census-ethnic-group-summaries/sinhalese|access-date=2021-01-02|website=www.stats.govt.nz|publisher=[[Statistics New Zealand]]|at=Sinhalese ethnic group}}</ref>|region10={{flag|India}}|pop10=≈5,300|ref10=<ref>{{cite web | url=https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/14196/IN | title=Sinhalese in India }}</ref>|region11={{flag|Malaysia}}|pop11=≈4,700|ref11=<ref>{{cite web | url=https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/14196/MY | title=Sinhalese in Malaysia }}</ref>|languages=[[ພາສາສິງຫາລາ]]|religions='''ສ່ວນໃຫຍ່''':<br />[[File:Dharma Wheel.svg|18px]] [[ນິກາຍເຖຣະວາດ]] (93%)<ref name="Sri Lanka – Ethnic Groups">{{cite web | url=https://countrystudies.us/sri-lanka/38.htm | title=Sri Lanka – Ethnic Groups }}</ref><br />'''ຊົນກຸ່ມນ້ອຍ''':<br />{{hlist|[[File:Christian cross.svg|12px]] [[ຄຣິສຕຽນໃນສີລັງກາ|ຄຣິສຕຽນ]] (7%)<ref name="Sri Lanka – Ethnic Groups">{{cite web | url=https://countrystudies.us/sri-lanka/38.htm | title=Sri Lanka – Ethnic Groups }}</ref>}}|related={{hlist|[[Sri Lankan Tamils]]|[[Burgher people|Burgher]]s|[[Sri Lankan Moors]]|other [[Indo-Aryan peoples|Indo-Aryan]]s<ref name="gd">{{cite journal |last1=Kirk |first1=R. L. |title=The legend of Prince Vijaya – a study of Sinhalese origins |url=https://archive.org/details/american-journal-of-physical-anthropology_1976-07_45_1/page/91 |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |date=July 1976 |volume=45 |issue=1 |pages=91–99 |doi=10.1002/ajpa.1330450112 |issn = 0002-9483}}</ref>}}}}'''ຊາວສິງຫາລາ''' ([[ພາສາສິງຫາລາ|ສິງຫາລາ]]: සිංහල ජනතාව) ແມ່ນກຸ່ມພາສາສາດ-ຊົນເຜົ່າ[[ອິນໂດ-ອາຣຽນ]]ມີຖິ່ນກຳເນີດຢູ່ໃນເກາະ[[ປະເທດສີລັງກາ|ສີລັງກາ]].<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Sinhala Aryans}}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|title=Brothers of the Pure Sinhala Fraternity}}</ref> ພວກ​ເຂົາ​ເຈົ້າ​ເປັນ​ຊົນ​ເຜົ່າ​ທີ່​ໃຫຍ່​ທີ່​ສຸດ​ໃນ​ສີ​ລັງ​ກາ, ປະ​ກອບ​ເປັນ 75% ຂອງ​ປະ​ຊາ​ກອນ​ສີ​ລັງ​ກາ​ແລະ​ຈໍາ​ນວນ​ຫຼາຍ​ກວ່າ 15.2 ລ້ານ​ຄົນ. <ref name="statistics.gov.lk">{{Cite web|title=A2 : Population by ethnic group according to districts, 2012|archive-url=http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/index.php?fileName=pop42&gp=Activities&tpl=3}}</ref> ຊາວສິງຫາລາເວົ້າ[[ພາສາສິງຫາລາ]], ເປັນ[[ພາສາອິນໂດ-ອາຣີນ]]. ສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ຊາວສິງຫາລາແມ່ນ[[ນິກາຍເຖຣະວາດ]]<ref name="Language">{{Cite book|title=Ethnologue: Languages of the World|chapter=http://www.ethnologue.com/}}</ref> == ອ້າງອີງ == okmtcxft31c4yvy4x2ghmx7ktgt1f1k 10 23353 130133 119507 2026-08-21T07:02:46Z Khomphoi28 15846 /* */ 130133 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{| class="wikitable {{#if:{{{open|}}}||collapsible {{#if:{{{collapsed|}}}|collapsed}}}}" style="width:{{{width|90%}}}; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height: 1.1em; margin:auto;"{{#if:{{{open|}}}|<nowiki/> {{!}}+ຂໍ້ມູນພູມອາກາດຂອງ{{#if:{{{location|}}}|{{{location}}}|<nowiki>{{{location}}}</nowiki>}}|<nowiki/> {{!-}} !colspan="14" {{!}}ຂໍ້ມູນພູມອາກາດຂອງ{{#if:{{{location|}}}|{{{location}}}|<nowiki>{{{location}}}</nowiki>}}}} |- ! ເດືອນ ! ມ.ກ. ! ກ.ພ. ! ມ.ນ. ! ມ.ສ. ! ພ.ພ. ! ມິ.ນ. ! ກ.ລ. ! ສ.ຫ. ! ກ.ຍ. ! ຕ.ລ. ! ພ.ຈ. ! ທ.ວ. !style="border-left-width:medium" |ທັງປີ<!-- FIRST LINE MAXIMUM HUMIDEX-->{{#if:{{{Jan maximum humidex|}}}{{{Feb maximum humidex|}}}{{{Mar maximum humidex|}}}{{{Apr maximum humidex|}}}{{{May maximum humidex|}}}{{{Jun maximum humidex|}}}{{{Jul maximum humidex|}}}{{{Aug maximum humidex|}}}{{{Sep maximum humidex|}}}{{{Oct maximum humidex|}}}{{{Nov maximum humidex|}}}{{{Dec maximum humidex|}}}|{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}{{{single line|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{temperature colour}}}</code> is not a valid temperature color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|temperature colour=pastel</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>temperature colour</code> parameter for the standard coloring.'''</span>|pastel|t=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/oneline |label=[[ດັດຊະນີຄວາມຮ້ອນ]] |show=1 |sc={{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}} |f=1<!-- MAXIMUM HUMIDEX VALUES--> |jan1={{{Jan maximum humidex|}}} |feb1={{{Feb maximum humidex|}}} |mar1={{{Mar maximum humidex|}}} |apr1={{{Apr 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first|}}}|2|1}}}} |sc={{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}} |f=1<!-- RECORD HIGH TEMPERATURES METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan record high C|}}}|{{{Jan record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jan record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb record high C|}}}|{{{Feb record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Feb record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar record high C|}}}|{{{Mar record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Mar record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr record high C|}}}|{{{Apr record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Apr record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May record high C|}}}|{{{May record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{May record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{May record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun record high C|}}}|{{{Jun record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jun record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul record high C|}}}|{{{Jul record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jul record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug record high C|}}}|{{{Aug record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Aug record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep record high C|}}}|{{{Sep record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Sep record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct record high C|}}}|{{{Oct record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Oct record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov record high C|}}}|{{{Nov record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Nov record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec record high C|}}}|{{{Dec record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Dec record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year record high C|}}}|{{{year record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{year record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{year record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year record high F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{Max/27|{{{Jan record high C|}}}|{{{Feb record high C|}}}|{{{Mar record high C|}}}|{{{Apr record high C|}}}|{{{May record high C|}}}|{{{Jun record high C|}}}|{{{Jul record high C|}}}|{{{Aug record high C|}}}|{{{Sep record high C|}}}|{{{Oct record high C|}}}|{{{Nov record high C|}}}|{{{Dec record high C|}}}|{{#expr:({{Max/27|{{#if:{{{Jan record high F|}}}|{{{Jan record high F}}}|-40}}|{{{Feb record high F|}}}|{{{Mar record high F|}}}|{{{Apr record high F|}}}|{{{May record high F|}}}|{{{Jun record high F|}}}|{{{Jul record high F|}}}|{{{Aug record high F|}}}|{{{Sep record high F|}}}|{{{Oct record high F|}}}|{{{Nov record high F|}}}|{{{Dec record high F|}}}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{#if:{{{Jan record high F|}}}|{{{Jan record high F}}}|1}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- RECORD HIGH TEMPERATURES IMPERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan record high F|}}}|{{{Jan record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jan record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb record high F|}}}|{{{Feb record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Feb record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar record high F|}}}|{{{Mar record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Mar record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr record high F|}}}|{{{Apr record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Apr record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May record high F|}}}|{{{May record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{May record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{May record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun record high F|}}}|{{{Jun record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jun record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul record high F|}}}|{{{Jul record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jul record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug record high F|}}}|{{{Aug record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Aug record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep record high F|}}}|{{{Sep record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Sep record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct record high F|}}}|{{{Oct record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Oct record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov record high F|}}}|{{{Nov record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Nov record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec record high F|}}}|{{{Dec record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Dec record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year record high F|}}}|{{{year record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{year record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{year record high C}}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{Max/27|{{{Jan record high F|}}}|{{{Feb record high F|}}}|{{{Mar record high F|}}}|{{{Apr record high F|}}}|{{{May record high F|}}}|{{{Jun record high F|}}}|{{{Jul record high F|}}}|{{{Aug record high F|}}}|{{{Sep record high F|}}}|{{{Oct record high F|}}}|{{{Nov record high F|}}}|{{{Dec record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{Max/27|{{#if:{{{Jan record high C|}}}|{{{Jan record high C}}}|-40}}|{{{Feb record high C|}}}|{{{Mar record high C|}}}|{{{Apr record high C|}}}|{{{May record high C|}}}|{{{Jun record high C|}}}|{{{Jul record high C|}}}|{{{Aug record high C|}}}|{{{Sep record high C|}}}|{{{Oct record high C|}}}|{{{Nov record high C|}}}|{{{Dec record high C|}}}}})*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{#if:{{{Jan record high C|}}}|{{{Jan record high C}}}|1}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- FIRST LINE AVERAGE HIGH TEMPERATURES-->{{#if:{{{Jan high C|}}}{{{Feb high C|}}}{{{Mar high C|}}}{{{Apr high C|}}}{{{May high C|}}}{{{Jun high C|}}}{{{Jul high C|}}}{{{Aug high C|}}}{{{Sep high C|}}}{{{Oct high C|}}}{{{Nov high C|}}}{{{Dec high C|}}}{{{Jan high F|}}}{{{Feb high F|}}}{{{Mar high F|}}}{{{Apr high F|}}}{{{May high F|}}}{{{Jun high F|}}}{{{Jul high F|}}}{{{Aug high F|}}}{{{Sep high F|}}}{{{Oct high F|}}}{{{Nov high F|}}}{{{Dec high F|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{temperature colour}}}</code> is not a valid temperature color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|temperature colour=pastel</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>temperature colour</code> parameter for the standard coloring.'''</span>|pastel|t=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/line |label=ອຸນຫະພູມສູງສຸດສະເລ່ຍ °{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|C|F}} {{#if:{{{single line|}}}|(°{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|F|C}})}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|1|2}} |alt={{#if:{{{single line|}}}|{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}}}} |sc={{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}} |f=1<!-- AVERAGE HIGH TEMPERATURES METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan high C|}}}|{{{Jan high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jan high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb high C|}}}|{{{Feb high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Feb high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar high C|}}}|{{{Mar high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Mar high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr high C|}}}|{{{Apr high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Apr high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May high C|}}}|{{{May high C}}}|{{#if:{{{May high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{May high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun high C|}}}|{{{Jun high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jun high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul high C|}}}|{{{Jul high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jul high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug high C|}}}|{{{Aug high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Aug high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep high C|}}}|{{{Sep high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Sep high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct high C|}}}|{{{Oct high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Oct high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov high C|}}}|{{{Nov high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Nov high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec high C|}}}|{{{Dec high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Dec high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year high C|}}}|{{{year high C}}}|{{#if:{{{year high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{year high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year high F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan high C|}}}|{{{Jan high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb high C|}}}|{{{Feb high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar high C|}}}|{{{Mar high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr high C|}}}|{{{Apr high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May high C|}}}|{{{May high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun high C|}}}|{{{Jun high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul high C|}}}|{{{Jul high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug high C|}}}|{{{Aug high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep high C|}}}|{{{Sep high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct high C|}}}|{{{Oct high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov high C|}}}|{{{Nov high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec high C|}}}|{{{Dec high C}}}|foo}})/12 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan high C}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: (({{#if:{{{Jan high F|}}}|{{{Jan high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb high F|}}}|{{{Feb high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar high F|}}}|{{{Mar high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr high F|}}}|{{{Apr high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May high F|}}}|{{{May high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun high F|}}}|{{{Jun high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul high F|}}}|{{{Jul high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug high F|}}}|{{{Aug high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep high F|}}}|{{{Sep high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct high F|}}}|{{{Oct high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov high F|}}}|{{{Nov high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec high F|}}}|{{{Dec high F}}}|foo}})/12-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan high F}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- AVERAGE HIGH TEMPERATURES IMPERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan high F|}}}|{{{Jan high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jan high C}}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb high F|}}}|{{{Feb high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Feb high C}}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar high F|}}}|{{{Mar high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Mar high C}}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr high F|}}}|{{{Apr high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Apr high C}}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May high F|}}}|{{{May high F}}}|{{#if:{{{May high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{May high C}}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun high F|}}}|{{{Jun high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jun high C}}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul high F|}}}|{{{Jul high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jul high C}}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug high F|}}}|{{{Aug high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Aug high C}}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep high F|}}}|{{{Sep high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Sep high C}}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct high F|}}}|{{{Oct high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Oct high C}}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov high F|}}}|{{{Nov high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Nov high C}}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec high F|}}}|{{{Dec high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Dec high C}}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year high F|}}}|{{{year high F}}}|{{#if:{{{year high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{year high C}}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan high F|}}}|{{{Jan high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb high F|}}}|{{{Feb high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar high F|}}}|{{{Mar high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr high F|}}}|{{{Apr high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May high F|}}}|{{{May high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun high F|}}}|{{{Jun high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul high F|}}}|{{{Jul high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug high F|}}}|{{{Aug high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep high F|}}}|{{{Sep high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct high F|}}}|{{{Oct high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov high F|}}}|{{{Nov high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec high F|}}}|{{{Dec high F}}}|foo}})/12 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan high F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan high C|}}}|{{{Jan high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb high C|}}}|{{{Feb high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar high C|}}}|{{{Mar high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr high C|}}}|{{{Apr high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May high C|}}}|{{{May high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun high C|}}}|{{{Jun high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul high C|}}}|{{{Jul high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug high C|}}}|{{{Aug high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep high C|}}}|{{{Sep high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct high C|}}}|{{{Oct high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov high C|}}}|{{{Nov high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec high C|}}}|{{{Dec high C}}}|foo}})/12*1.8+32 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan high C}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- FIRST LINE DAILY MEAN TEMPERATURES-->{{#if:{{{Jan mean C|}}}{{{Feb mean C|}}}{{{Mar mean C|}}}{{{Apr mean C|}}}{{{May mean C|}}}{{{Jun mean C|}}}{{{Jul mean C|}}}{{{Aug mean C|}}}{{{Sep mean C|}}}{{{Oct mean C|}}}{{{Nov mean C|}}}{{{Dec mean C|}}}{{{Jan mean F|}}}{{{Feb mean F|}}}{{{Mar mean F|}}}{{{Apr mean F|}}}{{{May mean F|}}}{{{Jun mean F|}}}{{{Jul mean F|}}}{{{Aug mean F|}}}{{{Sep mean F|}}}{{{Oct mean F|}}}{{{Nov mean F|}}}{{{Dec mean F|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{temperature colour}}}</code> is not a valid temperature color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|temperature colour=pastel</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>temperature colour</code> parameter for the standard coloring.'''</span>|pastel|t=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/line |label=ອຸນຫະພູມສະເລ່ຍໃນແຕ່ລະມື້ °{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|C|F}} {{#if:{{{single line|}}}|(°{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|F|C}})}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|1|2}} |alt={{#if:{{{single line|}}}|{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}}}} |sc={{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}} |f=1<!-- DAILY MEAN TEMPERATURES METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan mean C|}}}|{{{Jan mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jan mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb mean C|}}}|{{{Feb mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Feb mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar mean C|}}}|{{{Mar mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Mar mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr mean C|}}}|{{{Apr mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Apr mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May mean C|}}}|{{{May mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{May mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{May mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun mean C|}}}|{{{Jun mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jun mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul mean C|}}}|{{{Jul mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jul mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug mean C|}}}|{{{Aug mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Aug mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep mean C|}}}|{{{Sep mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Sep mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct mean C|}}}|{{{Oct mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Oct mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov mean C|}}}|{{{Nov mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Nov mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec mean C|}}}|{{{Dec mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Dec mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year mean C|}}}|{{{year mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{year mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{year mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year mean F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan mean C|}}}|{{{Jan mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb mean C|}}}|{{{Feb mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar mean C|}}}|{{{Mar mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr mean C|}}}|{{{Apr mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May mean C|}}}|{{{May mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun mean C|}}}|{{{Jun mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul mean C|}}}|{{{Jul mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug mean C|}}}|{{{Aug mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep mean C|}}}|{{{Sep mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct mean C|}}}|{{{Oct mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov mean C|}}}|{{{Nov mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec mean C|}}}|{{{Dec mean C}}}|foo}})/12 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan mean C}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: (({{#if:{{{Jan mean F|}}}|{{{Jan mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb mean F|}}}|{{{Feb mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar mean F|}}}|{{{Mar mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr mean F|}}}|{{{Apr mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May mean F|}}}|{{{May mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun mean F|}}}|{{{Jun mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul mean F|}}}|{{{Jul mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug mean F|}}}|{{{Aug mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep mean F|}}}|{{{Sep mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct mean F|}}}|{{{Oct mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov mean F|}}}|{{{Nov mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec mean F|}}}|{{{Dec mean F}}}|foo}})/12-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan mean F}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- DAILY MEAN TEMPERATURES IMPERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan mean F|}}}|{{{Jan mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jan mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb mean F|}}}|{{{Feb mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Feb mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar mean F|}}}|{{{Mar mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Mar mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr mean F|}}}|{{{Apr mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Apr mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May mean F|}}}|{{{May mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{May mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{May mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun mean F|}}}|{{{Jun mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jun mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul mean F|}}}|{{{Jul mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jul mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug mean F|}}}|{{{Aug mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Aug mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep mean F|}}}|{{{Sep mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Sep mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct mean F|}}}|{{{Oct mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Oct mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov mean F|}}}|{{{Nov mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Nov mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec mean F|}}}|{{{Dec mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Dec mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year mean F|}}}|{{{year mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{year mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{year mean C}}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan mean F|}}}|{{{Jan mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb mean F|}}}|{{{Feb mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar mean F|}}}|{{{Mar mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr mean F|}}}|{{{Apr mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May mean F|}}}|{{{May mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun mean F|}}}|{{{Jun mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul mean F|}}}|{{{Jul mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug mean F|}}}|{{{Aug mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep mean F|}}}|{{{Sep mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct mean F|}}}|{{{Oct mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov mean F|}}}|{{{Nov mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec mean F|}}}|{{{Dec mean F}}}|foo}})/12 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan mean F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan mean C|}}}|{{{Jan mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb mean C|}}}|{{{Feb mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar mean C|}}}|{{{Mar mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr mean C|}}}|{{{Apr mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May mean C|}}}|{{{May mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun mean C|}}}|{{{Jun mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul mean C|}}}|{{{Jul mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug mean C|}}}|{{{Aug mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep mean C|}}}|{{{Sep mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct mean C|}}}|{{{Oct mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov mean C|}}}|{{{Nov mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec mean C|}}}|{{{Dec mean C}}}|foo}})/12*1.8+32 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan mean C}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- FIRST LINE AVERAGE LOW TEMPERATURES-->{{#if:{{{Jan low C|}}}{{{Feb low C|}}}{{{Mar low C|}}}{{{Apr low C|}}}{{{May low C|}}}{{{Jun low C|}}}{{{Jul low C|}}}{{{Aug low C|}}}{{{Sep low C|}}}{{{Oct low C|}}}{{{Nov low C|}}}{{{Dec low C|}}}{{{Jan low F|}}}{{{Feb low F|}}}{{{Mar low F|}}}{{{Apr low F|}}}{{{May low F|}}}{{{Jun low F|}}}{{{Jul low F|}}}{{{Aug low F|}}}{{{Sep low F|}}}{{{Oct low F|}}}{{{Nov low F|}}}{{{Dec low F|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{temperature colour}}}</code> is not a valid temperature color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|temperature colour=pastel</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>temperature colour</code> parameter for the standard coloring.'''</span>|pastel|t=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/line |label=ອຸນຫະພູມຕໍ່າສຸດສະເລ່ຍ °{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|C|F}} {{#if:{{{single line|}}}|(°{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|F|C}})}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|1|2}} |alt={{#if:{{{single line|}}}|{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}}}} |sc={{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}} |f=1<!-- AVERAGE LOW TEMPERATURES METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan low C|}}}|{{{Jan low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jan low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb low C|}}}|{{{Feb low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Feb low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar low C|}}}|{{{Mar low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Mar low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr low C|}}}|{{{Apr low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Apr low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May low C|}}}|{{{May low C}}}|{{#if:{{{May low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{May low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun low C|}}}|{{{Jun low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jun low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul low C|}}}|{{{Jul low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jul low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug low C|}}}|{{{Aug low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Aug low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep low C|}}}|{{{Sep low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Sep low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct low C|}}}|{{{Oct low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Oct low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov low C|}}}|{{{Nov low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Nov low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec low C|}}}|{{{Dec low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Dec low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year low C|}}}|{{{year low C}}}|{{#if:{{{year low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{year low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year low F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan low C|}}}|{{{Jan low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb low C|}}}|{{{Feb low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar low C|}}}|{{{Mar low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr low C|}}}|{{{Apr low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May low C|}}}|{{{May low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun low C|}}}|{{{Jun low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul low C|}}}|{{{Jul low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug low C|}}}|{{{Aug low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep low C|}}}|{{{Sep low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct low C|}}}|{{{Oct low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov low C|}}}|{{{Nov low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec low C|}}}|{{{Dec low C}}}|foo}})/12 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan low C}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: (({{#if:{{{Jan low F|}}}|{{{Jan low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb low F|}}}|{{{Feb low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar low F|}}}|{{{Mar low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr low F|}}}|{{{Apr low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May low F|}}}|{{{May low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun low F|}}}|{{{Jun low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul low F|}}}|{{{Jul low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug low F|}}}|{{{Aug low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep low F|}}}|{{{Sep low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct low F|}}}|{{{Oct low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov low F|}}}|{{{Nov low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec low F|}}}|{{{Dec low F}}}|foo}})/12-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan low F}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- AVERAGE LOW TEMPERATURES IMPERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan low F|}}}|{{{Jan low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jan low C}}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb low F|}}}|{{{Feb low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Feb low C}}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar low F|}}}|{{{Mar low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Mar low C}}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr low F|}}}|{{{Apr low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Apr low C}}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May low F|}}}|{{{May low F}}}|{{#if:{{{May low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{May low C}}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun low F|}}}|{{{Jun low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jun low C}}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul low F|}}}|{{{Jul low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jul low C}}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug low F|}}}|{{{Aug low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Aug low C}}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep low F|}}}|{{{Sep low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Sep low C}}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct low F|}}}|{{{Oct low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Oct low C}}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov low F|}}}|{{{Nov low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Nov low C}}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec low F|}}}|{{{Dec low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Dec low C}}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year low F|}}}|{{{year low F}}}|{{#if:{{{year low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{year low C}}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan low F|}}}|{{{Jan low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb low F|}}}|{{{Feb low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar low F|}}}|{{{Mar low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr low F|}}}|{{{Apr low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May low F|}}}|{{{May low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun low F|}}}|{{{Jun low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul low F|}}}|{{{Jul low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug low F|}}}|{{{Aug low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep low F|}}}|{{{Sep low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct low F|}}}|{{{Oct low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov low F|}}}|{{{Nov low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec low F|}}}|{{{Dec low F}}}|foo}})/12 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan low F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan low C|}}}|{{{Jan low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb low C|}}}|{{{Feb low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar low C|}}}|{{{Mar low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr low C|}}}|{{{Apr low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May low C|}}}|{{{May low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun low C|}}}|{{{Jun low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul low C|}}}|{{{Jul low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug low C|}}}|{{{Aug low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep low C|}}}|{{{Sep low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct low C|}}}|{{{Oct low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov low C|}}}|{{{Nov low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec low C|}}}|{{{Dec low C}}}|foo}})/12*1.8+32 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan low C}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- FIRST LINE RECORD LOW TEMPERATURES-->{{#if:{{{Jan record low C|}}}{{{Feb record low C|}}}{{{Mar record low C|}}}{{{Apr record low C|}}}{{{May record low C|}}}{{{Jun record low C|}}}{{{Jul record low C|}}}{{{Aug record low C|}}}{{{Sep record low C|}}}{{{Oct record low C|}}}{{{Nov record low C|}}}{{{Dec record low C|}}}{{{Jan record low F|}}}{{{Feb record low F|}}}{{{Mar record low F|}}}{{{Apr record low F|}}}{{{May record low F|}}}{{{Jun record low F|}}}{{{Jul record low F|}}}{{{Aug record low F|}}}{{{Sep record low F|}}}{{{Oct record low F|}}}{{{Nov record low F|}}}{{{Dec record low F|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{temperature colour}}}</code> is not a valid temperature color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|temperature colour=pastel</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>temperature colour</code> parameter for the standard coloring.'''</span>|pastel|t=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/line |label=ອຸນຫະພູມຕໍ່າສຸດທີ່ເຄີຍບັນທຶກ °{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|C|F}} {{#if:{{{single line|}}}|(°{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|F|C}})}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|1|2}} |alt={{#if:{{{single line|}}}|{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}}}} |sc={{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}} |f=1<!-- RECORD LOW TEMPERATURES METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan record low C|}}}|{{{Jan record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jan record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb record low C|}}}|{{{Feb record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Feb record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar record low C|}}}|{{{Mar record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Mar record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr record low C|}}}|{{{Apr record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Apr record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May record low C|}}}|{{{May record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{May record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{May record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun record low C|}}}|{{{Jun record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jun record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul record low C|}}}|{{{Jul record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jul record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug record low C|}}}|{{{Aug record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Aug record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep record low C|}}}|{{{Sep record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Sep record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct record low C|}}}|{{{Oct record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Oct record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov record low C|}}}|{{{Nov record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Nov record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec record low C|}}}|{{{Dec record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Dec record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year record low C|}}}|{{{year record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{year record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{year record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year record low F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{Min/27|{{{Jan record low C|}}}|{{{Feb record low C|}}}|{{{Mar record low C|}}}|{{{Apr record low C|}}}|{{{May record low C|}}}|{{{Jun record low C|}}}|{{{Jul record low C|}}}|{{{Aug record low C|}}}|{{{Sep record low C|}}}|{{{Oct record low C|}}}|{{{Nov record low C|}}}|{{{Dec record low C|}}}|{{#expr:({{Min/27|{{#if:{{{Jan record low F|}}}|{{{Jan record low F}}}|100}}|{{{Feb record low F|}}}|{{{Mar record low F|}}}|{{{Apr record low F|}}}|{{{May record low F|}}}|{{{Jun record low F|}}}|{{{Jul record low F|}}}|{{{Aug record low F|}}}|{{{Sep record low F|}}}|{{{Oct record low F|}}}|{{{Nov record low F|}}}|{{{Dec record low F|}}}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{#if:{{{Jan record low F|}}}|{{{Jan record low F}}}|1}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- RECORD LOW TEMPERATURES IMPERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan record low F|}}}|{{{Jan record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jan record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb record low F|}}}|{{{Feb record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Feb record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar record low F|}}}|{{{Mar record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Mar record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr record low F|}}}|{{{Apr record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Apr record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May record low F|}}}|{{{May record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{May record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{May record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun record low F|}}}|{{{Jun record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jun record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul record low F|}}}|{{{Jul record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jul record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug record low F|}}}|{{{Aug record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Aug record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep record low F|}}}|{{{Sep record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Sep record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct record low F|}}}|{{{Oct record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Oct record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov record low F|}}}|{{{Nov record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Nov record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec record low F|}}}|{{{Dec record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Dec record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year record low F|}}}|{{{year record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{year record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{year record low C}}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{Min/27|{{{Jan record low F|}}}|{{{Feb record low F|}}}|{{{Mar record low F|}}}|{{{Apr record low F|}}}|{{{May record low F|}}}|{{{Jun record low F|}}}|{{{Jul record low F|}}}|{{{Aug record low F|}}}|{{{Sep record low F|}}}|{{{Oct record low F|}}}|{{{Nov record low F|}}}|{{{Dec record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{Min/27|{{#if:{{{Jan record low C|}}}|{{{Jan record low C}}}|38}}|{{{Feb record low C|}}}|{{{Mar record low C|}}}|{{{Apr record low C|}}}|{{{May record low C|}}}|{{{Jun record low C|}}}|{{{Jul record low C|}}}|{{{Aug record low C|}}}|{{{Sep record low C|}}}|{{{Oct record low C|}}}|{{{Nov record low C|}}}|{{{Dec record low C|}}}}})*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{#if:{{{Jan record low C|}}}|{{{Jan record low C}}}|1}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- FIRST LINE MINIMUM WIND CHILL-->{{#if:{{{Jan chill|}}}{{{Feb chill|}}}{{{Mar chill|}}}{{{Apr chill|}}}{{{May chill|}}}{{{Jun chill|}}}{{{Jul chill|}}}{{{Aug chill|}}}{{{Sep chill|}}}{{{Oct chill|}}}{{{Nov chill|}}}{{{Dec chill|}}}|{{#if:{{{single line|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{temperature colour}}}</code> is not a valid temperature color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|temperature colour=pastel</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>temperature colour</code> parameter for the standard coloring.'''</span>|pastel|t=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/oneline |label=[[Wind chill]] |show=1 |sc={{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}} |f=1 |jan1={{{Jan chill|}}} |feb1={{{Feb chill|}}} |mar1={{{Mar chill|}}} |apr1={{{Apr chill|}}} |may1={{{May chill|}}} |jun1={{{Jun chill|}}} |jul1={{{Jul chill|}}} |aug1={{{Aug chill|}}} |sep1={{{Sep chill|}}} |oct1={{{Oct chill|}}} |nov1={{{Nov chill|}}} |dec1={{{Dec chill|}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year chill|}}}|{{{year chill}}}|{{#iferror:{{Min/27|{{{Jan chill|}}}|{{{Feb chill|}}}|{{{Mar chill|}}}|{{{Apr chill|}}}|{{{May chill|}}}|{{{Jun chill|}}}|{{{Jul chill|}}}|{{{Aug chill|}}}|{{{Sep chill|}}}|{{{Oct chill|}}}|{{{Nov chill|}}}|{{{Dec chill|}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}|{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{temperature colour}}}</code> is not a valid temperature color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|temperature colour=pastel</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>temperature colour</code> parameter for the standard coloring.'''</span>|pastel|t=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/oneline |label=[[Wind chill]] |show=1 |sc={{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}} |f=1 |jan1={{{Jan chill|}}} |feb1={{{Feb chill|}}} |mar1={{{Mar chill|}}} |apr1={{{Apr chill|}}} |may1={{{May chill|}}} |jun1={{{Jun chill|}}} |jul1={{{Jul chill|}}} |aug1={{{Aug chill|}}} |sep1={{{Sep chill|}}} |oct1={{{Oct chill|}}} |nov1={{{Nov chill|}}} |dec1={{{Dec chill|}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year chill|}}}|{{{year chill}}}|{{#iferror:{{Min/27|{{{Jan chill|}}}|{{{Feb chill|}}}|{{{Mar chill|}}}|{{{Apr chill|}}}|{{{May chill|}}}|{{{Jun chill|}}}|{{{Jul chill|}}}|{{{Aug chill|}}}|{{{Sep chill|}}}|{{{Oct chill|}}}|{{{Nov chill|}}}|{{{Dec chill|}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}}}}}<!-- FIRST LINE TOTAL PRECIPITATION-->{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation cm|}}}{{{Feb precipitation cm|}}}{{{Mar precipitation cm|}}}{{{Apr precipitation cm|}}}{{{May precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jun precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jul precipitation cm|}}}{{{Aug precipitation cm|}}}{{{Sep precipitation cm|}}}{{{Oct precipitation cm|}}}{{{Nov precipitation cm|}}}{{{Dec precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jan precipitation mm|}}}{{{Feb precipitation mm|}}}{{{Mar precipitation mm|}}}{{{Apr precipitation mm|}}}{{{May precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jun precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jul precipitation mm|}}}{{{Aug precipitation mm|}}}{{{Sep precipitation mm|}}}{{{Oct precipitation mm|}}}{{{Nov precipitation mm|}}}{{{Dec precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jan precipitation inch|}}}{{{Feb precipitation inch|}}}{{{Mar precipitation inch|}}}{{{Apr precipitation inch|}}}{{{May precipitation inch|}}}{{{Jun precipitation inch|}}}{{{Jul precipitation inch|}}}{{{Aug precipitation inch|}}}{{{Sep precipitation inch|}}}{{{Oct precipitation inch|}}}{{{Nov precipitation inch|}}}{{{Dec precipitation inch|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{precipitation colour|}}}|{{{precipitation colour}}}|p}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{precipitation colour}}}</code> is not a valid precipitation color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|precipitation colour=green</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>precipitation colour</code> parameter for the standard blue coloring.'''</span>|green|p=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/line/date |label=[[ຢາດນໍ້າຟ້າ]] {{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation cm|}}}{{{Feb precipitation cm|}}}{{{Mar precipitation cm|}}}{{{Apr precipitation cm|}}}{{{May precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jun precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jul precipitation cm|}}}{{{Aug precipitation cm|}}}{{{Sep precipitation cm|}}}{{{Oct precipitation cm|}}}{{{Nov precipitation cm|}}}{{{Dec precipitation cm|}}}|ຊ|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation mm|}}}{{{Feb precipitation mm|}}}{{{Mar precipitation mm|}}}{{{Apr precipitation mm|}}}{{{May precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jun precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jul precipitation mm|}}}{{{Aug precipitation mm|}}}{{{Sep precipitation mm|}}}{{{Oct precipitation mm|}}}{{{Nov precipitation mm|}}}{{{Dec precipitation mm|}}}|ม|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch|}}}}}<1|ຊ|ມ}}}}}}ມ|ນິ້ວ}} {{#if:{{{single line|}}}|({{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|ນິ້ວ|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation cm|}}}{{{Feb precipitation cm|}}}{{{Mar precipitation cm|}}}{{{Apr precipitation cm|}}}{{{May precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jun precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jul precipitation cm|}}}{{{Aug precipitation cm|}}}{{{Sep precipitation cm|}}}{{{Oct precipitation cm|}}}{{{Nov precipitation cm|}}}{{{Dec precipitation cm|}}}|ຊ|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation mm|}}}{{{Feb precipitation mm|}}}{{{Mar precipitation mm|}}}{{{Apr precipitation mm|}}}{{{May precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jun precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jul precipitation mm|}}}{{{Aug precipitation mm|}}}{{{Sep precipitation mm|}}}{{{Oct precipitation mm|}}}{{{Nov precipitation mm|}}}{{{Dec precipitation mm|}}}|ມ|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch|}}}}}<1|ຊ|ມ}}}}}}ມ}})}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|1|2}} |alt={{#if:{{{single line|}}}|{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}}}} |sc={{#if:{{{precipitation colour|}}}|{{{precipitation colour}}}|p}} |f={{#if:{{{Jan precipitation cm|}}}{{{Feb precipitation cm|}}}{{{Mar precipitation cm|}}}{{{Apr precipitation cm|}}}{{{May precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jun precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jul precipitation cm|}}}{{{Aug precipitation cm|}}}{{{Sep precipitation cm|}}}{{{Oct precipitation cm|}}}{{{Nov precipitation cm|}}}{{{Dec precipitation cm|}}}|10|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation mm|}}}{{{Feb precipitation mm|}}}{{{Mar precipitation mm|}}}{{{Apr precipitation mm|}}}{{{May precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jun precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jul precipitation mm|}}}{{{Aug precipitation mm|}}}{{{Sep precipitation mm|}}}{{{Oct precipitation mm|}}}{{{Nov precipitation mm|}}}{{{Dec precipitation mm|}}}|1|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch|}}}}}<1|10|1}}}}}}<!-- TOTAL PRECIPITATION METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Feb precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Mar precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Apr precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May precipitation cm|}}}|{{{May precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{May precipitation mm|}}}|{{{May precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{May precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{May precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{May precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{May precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Jun precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Jul precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Aug precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Sep precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Oct precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Nov precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Dec precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year precipitation cm|}}}|{{{year precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{year precipitation mm|}}}|{{{year precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{year precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{year precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{year precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{year precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May precipitation cm|}}}|{{{May precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation cm}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May precipitation mm|}}}|{{{May precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation mm}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May precipitation inch|}}}|{{{May precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation inch}}}|foo}}){{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|*2.54 round 0|*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- TOTAL PRECIPITATION IMPERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May precipitation inch|}}}|{{{May precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{May precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{May precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year precipitation inch|}}}|{{{year precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{year precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{year precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May precipitation inch|}}}|{{{May precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation inch}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May precipitation cm|}}}|{{{May precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation cm}}}|foo}})/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May precipitation mm|}}}|{{{May precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation mm}}}|foo}})/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- FIRST LINE RAINFALL-->{{#if:{{{Jan rain cm|}}}{{{Feb rain cm|}}}{{{Mar rain cm|}}}{{{Apr rain cm|}}}{{{May rain cm|}}}{{{Jun rain cm|}}}{{{Jul rain cm|}}}{{{Aug rain cm|}}}{{{Sep rain cm|}}}{{{Oct rain cm|}}}{{{Nov rain cm|}}}{{{Dec rain cm|}}}{{{Jan rain mm|}}}{{{Feb rain mm|}}}{{{Mar rain mm|}}}{{{Apr rain mm|}}}{{{May rain mm|}}}{{{Jun rain mm|}}}{{{Jul rain mm|}}}{{{Aug rain mm|}}}{{{Sep rain mm|}}}{{{Oct rain mm|}}}{{{Nov rain mm|}}}{{{Dec rain mm|}}}{{{Jan rain inch|}}}{{{Feb rain inch|}}}{{{Mar rain inch|}}}{{{Apr rain inch|}}}{{{May rain inch|}}}{{{Jun rain inch|}}}{{{Jul rain inch|}}}{{{Aug rain inch|}}}{{{Sep rain inch|}}}{{{Oct rain inch|}}}{{{Nov rain inch|}}}{{{Dec rain inch|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{rain colour|}}}|{{{rain colour}}}|p}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{rain colour}}}</code> is not a valid rain color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|rain colour=green</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>rain colour</code> parameter for the standard blue coloring.'''</span>|green|p=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/line/date |label=ປະລິມານຝົນ {{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan rain cm|}}}{{{Feb rain cm|}}}{{{Mar rain cm|}}}{{{Apr rain cm|}}}{{{May rain cm|}}}{{{Jun rain cm|}}}{{{Jul rain cm|}}}{{{Aug rain cm|}}}{{{Sep rain cm|}}}{{{Oct rain cm|}}}{{{Nov rain cm|}}}{{{Dec rain cm|}}}|ຊ|{{#if:{{{Jan rain mm|}}}{{{Feb rain mm|}}}{{{Mar rain mm|}}}{{{Apr rain mm|}}}{{{May rain mm|}}}{{{Jun rain mm|}}}{{{Jul rain mm|}}}{{{Aug rain mm|}}}{{{Sep rain mm|}}}{{{Oct rain mm|}}}{{{Nov rain mm|}}}{{{Dec rain mm|}}}|ມ|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch|}}}}}<1|c|m}}}}}}ມ|ນິ້ວ}} {{#if:{{{single line|}}}|({{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|ນິ້ວ|{{#if:{{{Jan rain cm|}}}{{{Feb rain cm|}}}{{{Mar rain cm|}}}{{{Apr rain cm|}}}{{{May rain cm|}}}{{{Jun rain cm|}}}{{{Jul rain cm|}}}{{{Aug rain cm|}}}{{{Sep rain cm|}}}{{{Oct rain cm|}}}{{{Nov rain cm|}}}{{{Dec rain cm|}}}|c|{{#if:{{{Jan rain mm|}}}{{{Feb rain mm|}}}{{{Mar rain mm|}}}{{{Apr rain mm|}}}{{{May rain mm|}}}{{{Jun rain mm|}}}{{{Jul rain mm|}}}{{{Aug rain mm|}}}{{{Sep rain mm|}}}{{{Oct rain mm|}}}{{{Nov rain mm|}}}{{{Dec rain mm|}}}|ม|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch|}}}}}<1|ຊ|ມ}}}}}}ມ}})}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|1|2}} |alt={{#if:{{{single line|}}}|{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}}}} |sc= {{#if:{{{rain colour|}}}|{{{rain colour}}}|p}} |f={{#if:{{{Jan rain cm|}}}{{{Feb rain cm|}}}{{{Mar rain cm|}}}{{{Apr rain cm|}}}{{{May rain cm|}}}{{{Jun rain cm|}}}{{{Jul rain cm|}}}{{{Aug rain cm|}}}{{{Sep rain cm|}}}{{{Oct rain cm|}}}{{{Nov rain cm|}}}{{{Dec rain cm|}}}|10|{{#if:{{{Jan rain mm|}}}{{{Feb rain mm|}}}{{{Mar rain mm|}}}{{{Apr rain mm|}}}{{{May rain mm|}}}{{{Jun rain mm|}}}{{{Jul rain mm|}}}{{{Aug rain mm|}}}{{{Sep rain mm|}}}{{{Oct rain mm|}}}{{{Nov rain mm|}}}{{{Dec rain mm|}}}|1|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch|}}}}}<1|10|1}}}}}}<!-- RAINFALL METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan rain cm|}}}|{{{Jan rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan rain mm|}}}|{{{Jan rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Jan rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb rain cm|}}}|{{{Feb rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb rain mm|}}}|{{{Feb rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Feb rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar rain cm|}}}|{{{Mar rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar rain mm|}}}|{{{Mar rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Mar rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr rain cm|}}}|{{{Apr rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr rain mm|}}}|{{{Apr rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Apr rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May rain cm|}}}|{{{May rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{May rain mm|}}}|{{{May rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{May rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{May rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{May rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{May rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun rain cm|}}}|{{{Jun rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun rain mm|}}}|{{{Jun rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Jun rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul rain cm|}}}|{{{Jul rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul rain mm|}}}|{{{Jul rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Jul rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug rain cm|}}}|{{{Aug rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug rain mm|}}}|{{{Aug rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Aug rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep rain cm|}}}|{{{Sep rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep rain mm|}}}|{{{Sep rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Sep rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct rain cm|}}}|{{{Oct rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct rain mm|}}}|{{{Oct rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Oct rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov rain cm|}}}|{{{Nov rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov rain mm|}}}|{{{Nov rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Nov rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec rain cm|}}}|{{{Dec rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec rain mm|}}}|{{{Dec rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Dec rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year rain cm|}}}|{{{year rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{year rain mm|}}}|{{{year rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{year rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{year rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{year rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{year rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan rain cm|}}}|{{{Jan rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb rain cm|}}}|{{{Feb rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar rain cm|}}}|{{{Mar rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr rain cm|}}}|{{{Apr rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May rain cm|}}}|{{{May rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun rain cm|}}}|{{{Jun rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul rain cm|}}}|{{{Jul rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug rain cm|}}}|{{{Aug rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep rain cm|}}}|{{{Sep rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct rain cm|}}}|{{{Oct rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov rain cm|}}}|{{{Nov rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec rain cm|}}}|{{{Dec rain cm}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan rain mm|}}}|{{{Jan rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb rain mm|}}}|{{{Feb rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar rain mm|}}}|{{{Mar rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr rain mm|}}}|{{{Apr rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May rain mm|}}}|{{{May rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun rain mm|}}}|{{{Jun rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul rain mm|}}}|{{{Jul rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug rain mm|}}}|{{{Aug rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep rain mm|}}}|{{{Sep rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct rain mm|}}}|{{{Oct rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov rain mm|}}}|{{{Nov rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec rain mm|}}}|{{{Dec rain mm}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan rain inch|}}}|{{{Jan rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb rain inch|}}}|{{{Feb rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar rain inch|}}}|{{{Mar rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr rain inch|}}}|{{{Apr rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May rain inch|}}}|{{{May rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun rain inch|}}}|{{{Jun rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul rain inch|}}}|{{{Jul rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug rain inch|}}}|{{{Aug rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep rain inch|}}}|{{{Sep rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct rain inch|}}}|{{{Oct rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov rain inch|}}}|{{{Nov rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec rain inch|}}}|{{{Dec rain inch}}}|foo}}){{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|*2.54 round 0|*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- RAINFALL IMPERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan rain inch|}}}|{{{Jan rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb rain inch|}}}|{{{Feb rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar rain inch|}}}|{{{Mar rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr rain inch|}}}|{{{Apr rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May rain inch|}}}|{{{May rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{May rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{May rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun rain inch|}}}|{{{Jun rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul rain inch|}}}|{{{Jul rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug rain inch|}}}|{{{Aug rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep rain inch|}}}|{{{Sep rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct rain inch|}}}|{{{Oct rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov rain inch|}}}|{{{Nov rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec rain inch|}}}|{{{Dec rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year rain inch|}}}|{{{year rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{year rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{year rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan rain inch|}}}|{{{Jan rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb rain inch|}}}|{{{Feb rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar rain inch|}}}|{{{Mar rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr rain inch|}}}|{{{Apr rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May rain inch|}}}|{{{May rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun rain inch|}}}|{{{Jun rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul rain inch|}}}|{{{Jul rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug rain inch|}}}|{{{Aug rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep rain inch|}}}|{{{Sep rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct rain inch|}}}|{{{Oct rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov rain inch|}}}|{{{Nov rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec rain inch|}}}|{{{Dec rain inch}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan rain cm|}}}|{{{Jan rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb rain cm|}}}|{{{Feb rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar rain cm|}}}|{{{Mar rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr rain cm|}}}|{{{Apr rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May rain cm|}}}|{{{May rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun rain cm|}}}|{{{Jun rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul rain cm|}}}|{{{Jul rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug rain cm|}}}|{{{Aug rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep rain cm|}}}|{{{Sep rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct rain cm|}}}|{{{Oct rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov rain cm|}}}|{{{Nov rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec rain cm|}}}|{{{Dec rain cm}}}|foo}})/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan rain mm|}}}|{{{Jan rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb rain mm|}}}|{{{Feb rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar rain mm|}}}|{{{Mar rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr rain mm|}}}|{{{Apr rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May rain mm|}}}|{{{May rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun rain mm|}}}|{{{Jun rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul rain mm|}}}|{{{Jul rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug rain mm|}}}|{{{Aug rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep rain mm|}}}|{{{Sep rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct rain mm|}}}|{{{Oct rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov rain mm|}}}|{{{Nov rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec rain mm|}}}|{{{Dec rain mm}}}|foo}})/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- FIRST LINE SNOWFALL-->{{#if:{{{Jan snow cm|}}}{{{Feb snow cm|}}}{{{Mar snow cm|}}}{{{Apr snow cm|}}}{{{May snow cm|}}}{{{Jun snow cm|}}}{{{Jul snow cm|}}}{{{Aug snow cm|}}}{{{Sep snow cm|}}}{{{Oct snow cm|}}}{{{Nov snow cm|}}}{{{Dec snow cm|}}}{{{Jan snow mm|}}}{{{Feb snow mm|}}}{{{Mar snow mm|}}}{{{Apr snow mm|}}}{{{May snow mm|}}}{{{Jun snow mm|}}}{{{Jul snow mm|}}}{{{Aug snow mm|}}}{{{Sep snow mm|}}}{{{Oct snow mm|}}}{{{Nov snow mm|}}}{{{Dec snow mm|}}}{{{Jan snow inch|}}}{{{Feb snow inch|}}}{{{Mar snow inch|}}}{{{Apr snow inch|}}}{{{May snow inch|}}}{{{Jun snow inch|}}}{{{Jul snow inch|}}}{{{Aug snow inch|}}}{{{Sep snow inch|}}}{{{Oct snow inch|}}}{{{Nov snow inch|}}}{{{Dec snow inch|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{snow colour|}}}|{{{snow colour}}}|p}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{snow colour}}}</code> is not a valid snow color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|snow colour=green</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>snow colour</code> parameter for the standard blue coloring.'''</span>|green|p=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/line/date |label=ປະລິມານຫິມະ {{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan snow mm|}}}{{{Feb snow mm|}}}{{{Mar snow mm|}}}{{{Apr snow mm|}}}{{{May snow mm|}}}{{{Jun snow mm|}}}{{{Jul snow mm|}}}{{{Aug snow mm|}}}{{{Sep snow mm|}}}{{{Oct snow mm|}}}{{{Nov snow mm|}}}{{{Dec snow mm|}}}|ມ|ຊ}}ມ|ນິ້ວ}} {{#if:{{{single line|}}}|({{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|ນິ້ວ|{{#if:{{{Jan snow mm|}}}{{{Feb snow mm|}}}{{{Mar snow mm|}}}{{{Apr snow mm|}}}{{{May snow mm|}}}{{{Jun snow mm|}}}{{{Jul snow mm|}}}{{{Aug snow mm|}}}{{{Sep snow mm|}}}{{{Oct snow mm|}}}{{{Nov snow mm|}}}{{{Dec snow mm|}}}|ມ|ຊ}}ມ}})}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|1|2}} |alt={{#if:{{{single line|}}}|{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}}}} |sc={{#if:{{{snow colour|}}}|{{{snow colour}}}|p}} |f={{#if:{{{Jan snow mm|}}}{{{Feb snow mm|}}}{{{Mar snow mm|}}}{{{Apr snow mm|}}}{{{May snow mm|}}}{{{Jun snow mm|}}}{{{Jul snow mm|}}}{{{Aug snow mm|}}}{{{Sep snow mm|}}}{{{Oct snow mm|}}}{{{Nov snow mm|}}}{{{Dec snow mm|}}}|1|10}}<!-- SNOWFALL METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan snow mm|}}}|{{{Jan snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan snow cm|}}}|{{{Jan snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb snow mm|}}}|{{{Feb snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb snow cm|}}}|{{{Feb snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar snow mm|}}}|{{{Mar snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar snow cm|}}}|{{{Mar snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr snow mm|}}}|{{{Apr snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr snow cm|}}}|{{{Apr snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May snow mm|}}}|{{{May snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{May snow cm|}}}|{{{May snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{May snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun snow mm|}}}|{{{Jun snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun snow cm|}}}|{{{Jun snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul snow mm|}}}|{{{Jul snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul snow cm|}}}|{{{Jul snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug snow mm|}}}|{{{Aug snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug snow cm|}}}|{{{Aug snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep snow mm|}}}|{{{Sep snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep snow cm|}}}|{{{Sep snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct snow mm|}}}|{{{Oct snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct snow cm|}}}|{{{Oct snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov snow mm|}}}|{{{Nov snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov snow cm|}}}|{{{Nov snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec snow mm|}}}|{{{Dec snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec snow cm|}}}|{{{Dec snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year snow mm|}}}|{{{year snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{year snow cm|}}}|{{{year snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{year snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year snow inch}}}}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan snow cm|}}}|{{{Jan snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb snow cm|}}}|{{{Feb snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar snow cm|}}}|{{{Mar snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr snow cm|}}}|{{{Apr snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May snow cm|}}}|{{{May snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun snow cm|}}}|{{{Jun snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul snow cm|}}}|{{{Jul snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug snow cm|}}}|{{{Aug snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep snow cm|}}}|{{{Sep snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct snow cm|}}}|{{{Oct snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov snow cm|}}}|{{{Nov snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec snow cm|}}}|{{{Dec snow cm}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan snow mm|}}}|{{{Jan snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb snow mm|}}}|{{{Feb snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar snow mm|}}}|{{{Mar snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr snow mm|}}}|{{{Apr snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May snow mm|}}}|{{{May snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun snow mm|}}}|{{{Jun snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul snow mm|}}}|{{{Jul snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug snow mm|}}}|{{{Aug snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep snow mm|}}}|{{{Sep snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct snow mm|}}}|{{{Oct snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov snow mm|}}}|{{{Nov snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec snow mm|}}}|{{{Dec snow mm}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan snow inch|}}}|{{{Jan snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb snow inch|}}}|{{{Feb snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar snow inch|}}}|{{{Mar snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr snow inch|}}}|{{{Apr snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May snow inch|}}}|{{{May snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun snow inch|}}}|{{{Jun snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul snow inch|}}}|{{{Jul snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug snow inch|}}}|{{{Aug snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep snow inch|}}}|{{{Sep snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct snow inch|}}}|{{{Oct snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov snow inch|}}}|{{{Nov snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec snow inch|}}}|{{{Dec snow inch}}}|foo}})*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- SNOWFALL IMPERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan snow inch|}}}|{{{Jan snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb snow inch|}}}|{{{Feb snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar snow inch|}}}|{{{Mar snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr snow inch|}}}|{{{Apr snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May snow inch|}}}|{{{May snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{May snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{May snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun snow inch|}}}|{{{Jun snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul snow inch|}}}|{{{Jul snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug snow inch|}}}|{{{Aug snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep snow inch|}}}|{{{Sep snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct snow inch|}}}|{{{Oct snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov snow inch|}}}|{{{Nov snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec snow inch|}}}|{{{Dec snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year snow inch|}}}|{{{year snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{year snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{year snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan snow inch|}}}|{{{Jan snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb snow inch|}}}|{{{Feb snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar snow inch|}}}|{{{Mar snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr snow inch|}}}|{{{Apr snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May snow inch|}}}|{{{May snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun snow inch|}}}|{{{Jun snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul snow inch|}}}|{{{Jul snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug snow inch|}}}|{{{Aug snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep snow inch|}}}|{{{Sep snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct snow inch|}}}|{{{Oct snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov snow inch|}}}|{{{Nov snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec snow inch|}}}|{{{Dec snow inch}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan snow mm|}}}|{{{Jan snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb snow mm|}}}|{{{Feb snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar snow mm|}}}|{{{Mar snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr snow mm|}}}|{{{Apr snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May snow mm|}}}|{{{May snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun snow mm|}}}|{{{Jun snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul snow mm|}}}|{{{Jul snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug snow mm|}}}|{{{Aug snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep snow mm|}}}|{{{Sep snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct snow mm|}}}|{{{Oct snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov snow mm|}}}|{{{Nov snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec snow mm|}}}|{{{Dec snow mm}}}|foo}})/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan snow cm|}}}|{{{Jan snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb snow cm|}}}|{{{Feb snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar snow cm|}}}|{{{Mar snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr snow cm|}}}|{{{Apr snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May snow cm|}}}|{{{May snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun snow cm|}}}|{{{Jun snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul snow cm|}}}|{{{Jul snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug snow cm|}}}|{{{Aug snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep snow cm|}}}|{{{Sep snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct snow cm|}}}|{{{Oct snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov snow cm|}}}|{{{Nov snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec snow cm|}}}|{{{Dec snow cm}}}|foo}})/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{single line|}}}||<!-- SECOND LINE MAXIMUM HUMIDEX-->{{#if:{{{Jan maximum humidex|}}}{{{Feb maximum humidex|}}}{{{Mar maximum humidex|}}}{{{Apr maximum humidex|}}}{{{May maximum humidex|}}}{{{Jun maximum humidex|}}}{{{Jul maximum humidex|}}}{{{Aug maximum humidex|}}}{{{Sep maximum humidex|}}}{{{Oct maximum humidex|}}}{{{Nov maximum humidex|}}}{{{Dec maximum humidex|}}}|{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}||{{#switch:{{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{temperature colour}}}</code> is not a valid temperature color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|temperature colour=pastel</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>temperature colour</code> parameter for the standard coloring.'''</span>|pastel|t=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/oneline |label=[[Humidex]] |show=1 |sc={{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}} |f=1<!-- MAXIMUM HUMIDEX VALUES--> |jan1={{{Jan maximum humidex|}}} |feb1={{{Feb maximum humidex|}}} |mar1={{{Mar maximum humidex|}}} |apr1={{{Apr maximum humidex|}}} |may1={{{May maximum humidex|}}} |jun1={{{Jun maximum humidex|}}} |jul1={{{Jul maximum humidex|}}} |aug1={{{Aug maximum humidex|}}} |sep1={{{Sep maximum humidex|}}} |oct1={{{Oct maximum humidex|}}} |nov1={{{Nov maximum humidex|}}} |dec1={{{Dec maximum humidex|}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year maximum humidex|}}}|{{{year maximum humidex}}}|{{#iferror:{{Max/27|{{{Jan maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Feb maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Mar maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Apr maximum humidex|}}}|{{{May maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Jun maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Jul maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Aug maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Sep maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Oct maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Nov maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Dec maximum humidex|}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}}}<!-- SECOND LINE RECORD HIGH TEMPERATURES-->{{#if:{{{Jan record high C|}}}{{{Feb record high C|}}}{{{Mar record high C|}}}{{{Apr record high C|}}}{{{May record high C|}}}{{{Jun record high C|}}}{{{Jul record high C|}}}{{{Aug record high C|}}}{{{Sep record high C|}}}{{{Oct record high C|}}}{{{Nov record high C|}}}{{{Dec record high C|}}}{{{Jan record high F|}}}{{{Feb record high F|}}}{{{Mar record high F|}}}{{{Apr record high F|}}}{{{May record high F|}}}{{{Jun record high F|}}}{{{Jul record high F|}}}{{{Aug record high F|}}}{{{Sep record high F|}}}{{{Oct record high F|}}}{{{Nov record high F|}}}{{{Dec record high F|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{temperature colour}}}</code> is not a valid temperature color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|temperature colour=pastel</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>temperature colour</code> parameter for the standard coloring.'''</span>|pastel|t=<nowiki /> {{Infobox weather/line |label=Record high °{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|F|C}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}} |alt= |sc={{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}} |f=1<!-- RECORD HIGH TEMPERATURES METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan record high C|}}}|{{{Jan record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jan record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb record high C|}}}|{{{Feb record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Feb record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar record high C|}}}|{{{Mar record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Mar record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr record high C|}}}|{{{Apr record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Apr record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May record high C|}}}|{{{May record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{May record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{May record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun record high C|}}}|{{{Jun record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jun record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul record high C|}}}|{{{Jul record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jul record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug record high C|}}}|{{{Aug record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Aug record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep record high C|}}}|{{{Sep record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Sep record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct record high C|}}}|{{{Oct record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Oct record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov record high C|}}}|{{{Nov record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Nov record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec record high C|}}}|{{{Dec record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Dec record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year record high C|}}}|{{{year record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{year record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{year record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year record high F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{Max/27|{{{Jan record high C|}}}|{{{Feb record high C|}}}|{{{Mar record high C|}}}|{{{Apr record high C|}}}|{{{May record high C|}}}|{{{Jun record high C|}}}|{{{Jul record high C|}}}|{{{Aug record high C|}}}|{{{Sep record high C|}}}|{{{Oct record high C|}}}|{{{Nov record high C|}}}|{{{Dec record high C|}}}|{{#expr:({{Max/27|{{#if:{{{Jan record high F|}}}|{{{Jan record high F}}}|-40}}|{{{Feb record high F|}}}|{{{Mar record high F|}}}|{{{Apr record high F|}}}|{{{May record high F|}}}|{{{Jun record high F|}}}|{{{Jul record high F|}}}|{{{Aug record high F|}}}|{{{Sep record high F|}}}|{{{Oct record high F|}}}|{{{Nov record high F|}}}|{{{Dec record high F|}}}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{#if:{{{Jan record high F|}}}|{{{Jan record high F}}}|1}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- RECORD HIGH TEMPERATURES IMPERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan record high F|}}}|{{{Jan record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jan record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb record high F|}}}|{{{Feb record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Feb record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar record high F|}}}|{{{Mar record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Mar record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr record high F|}}}|{{{Apr record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Apr record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May record high F|}}}|{{{May record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{May record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{May record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun record high F|}}}|{{{Jun record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jun record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul record high F|}}}|{{{Jul record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jul record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug record high F|}}}|{{{Aug record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Aug record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep record high F|}}}|{{{Sep record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Sep record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct record high F|}}}|{{{Oct record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Oct record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov record high F|}}}|{{{Nov record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Nov record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec record high F|}}}|{{{Dec record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Dec record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year record high F|}}}|{{{year record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{year record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{year record high C}}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{Max/27|{{{Jan record high F|}}}|{{{Feb record high F|}}}|{{{Mar record high F|}}}|{{{Apr record high F|}}}|{{{May record high F|}}}|{{{Jun record high F|}}}|{{{Jul record high F|}}}|{{{Aug record high F|}}}|{{{Sep record high F|}}}|{{{Oct record high F|}}}|{{{Nov record high F|}}}|{{{Dec record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{Max/27|{{#if:{{{Jan record high C|}}}|{{{Jan record high C}}}|-40}}|{{{Feb record high C|}}}|{{{Mar record high C|}}}|{{{Apr record high C|}}}|{{{May record high C|}}}|{{{Jun record high C|}}}|{{{Jul record high C|}}}|{{{Aug record high C|}}}|{{{Sep record high C|}}}|{{{Oct record high C|}}}|{{{Nov record high C|}}}|{{{Dec record high C|}}}}})*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{#if:{{{Jan record high C|}}}|{{{Jan record high C}}}|1}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- SECOND LINE AVERAGE HIGH TEMPERATURES-->{{#if:{{{Jan high C|}}}{{{Feb high C|}}}{{{Mar high C|}}}{{{Apr high C|}}}{{{May high C|}}}{{{Jun high C|}}}{{{Jul high C|}}}{{{Aug high C|}}}{{{Sep high C|}}}{{{Oct high C|}}}{{{Nov high C|}}}{{{Dec high C|}}}{{{Jan high F|}}}{{{Feb high F|}}}{{{Mar high F|}}}{{{Apr high F|}}}{{{May high F|}}}{{{Jun high F|}}}{{{Jul high F|}}}{{{Aug high F|}}}{{{Sep high F|}}}{{{Oct high F|}}}{{{Nov high F|}}}{{{Dec high F|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{temperature colour}}}</code> is not a valid temperature color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|temperature colour=pastel</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>temperature colour</code> parameter for the standard coloring.'''</span>|pastel|t=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/line |label=Average high °{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|F|C}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}} |alt= |sc={{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}} |f=1<!-- AVERAGE HIGH TEMPERATURES METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan high C|}}}|{{{Jan high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jan high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb high C|}}}|{{{Feb high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Feb high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar high C|}}}|{{{Mar high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Mar high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr high C|}}}|{{{Apr high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Apr high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May high C|}}}|{{{May high C}}}|{{#if:{{{May high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{May high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun high C|}}}|{{{Jun high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jun high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul high C|}}}|{{{Jul high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jul high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug high C|}}}|{{{Aug high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Aug high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep high C|}}}|{{{Sep high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Sep high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct high C|}}}|{{{Oct high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Oct high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov high C|}}}|{{{Nov high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Nov high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec high C|}}}|{{{Dec high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Dec high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year high C|}}}|{{{year high C}}}|{{#if:{{{year high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{year high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year high F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan high C|}}}|{{{Jan high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb high C|}}}|{{{Feb high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar high C|}}}|{{{Mar high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr high C|}}}|{{{Apr high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May high C|}}}|{{{May high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun high C|}}}|{{{Jun high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul high C|}}}|{{{Jul high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug high C|}}}|{{{Aug high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep high C|}}}|{{{Sep high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct high C|}}}|{{{Oct high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov high C|}}}|{{{Nov high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec high C|}}}|{{{Dec high C}}}|foo}})/12 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan high C}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: (({{#if:{{{Jan high F|}}}|{{{Jan high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb high F|}}}|{{{Feb high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar high F|}}}|{{{Mar high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr high F|}}}|{{{Apr high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May high F|}}}|{{{May high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun high F|}}}|{{{Jun high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul high F|}}}|{{{Jul high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug high F|}}}|{{{Aug high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep high F|}}}|{{{Sep high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct high F|}}}|{{{Oct high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov high F|}}}|{{{Nov high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec high F|}}}|{{{Dec high F}}}|foo}})/12-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan high F}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- AVERAGE HIGH TEMPERATURES IMPERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan high F|}}}|{{{Jan high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jan high C}}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb high F|}}}|{{{Feb high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Feb high C}}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar high F|}}}|{{{Mar high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Mar high C}}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr high F|}}}|{{{Apr high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Apr high C}}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May high F|}}}|{{{May high F}}}|{{#if:{{{May high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{May high C}}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun high F|}}}|{{{Jun high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jun high C}}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul high F|}}}|{{{Jul high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jul high C}}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug high F|}}}|{{{Aug high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Aug high C}}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep high F|}}}|{{{Sep high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Sep high C}}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct high F|}}}|{{{Oct high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Oct high C}}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov high F|}}}|{{{Nov high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Nov high C}}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec high F|}}}|{{{Dec high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Dec high C}}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year high F|}}}|{{{year high F}}}|{{#if:{{{year high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{year high C}}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan high F|}}}|{{{Jan high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb high F|}}}|{{{Feb high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar high F|}}}|{{{Mar high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr high F|}}}|{{{Apr high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May high F|}}}|{{{May high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun high F|}}}|{{{Jun high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul high F|}}}|{{{Jul high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug high F|}}}|{{{Aug high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep high F|}}}|{{{Sep high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct high F|}}}|{{{Oct high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov high F|}}}|{{{Nov high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec high F|}}}|{{{Dec high F}}}|foo}})/12 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan high F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan high C|}}}|{{{Jan high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb high C|}}}|{{{Feb high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar high C|}}}|{{{Mar high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr high C|}}}|{{{Apr high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May high C|}}}|{{{May high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun high C|}}}|{{{Jun high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul high C|}}}|{{{Jul high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug high C|}}}|{{{Aug high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep high C|}}}|{{{Sep high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct high C|}}}|{{{Oct high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov high C|}}}|{{{Nov high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec high C|}}}|{{{Dec high C}}}|foo}})/12*1.8+32 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan high C}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- SECOND LINE DAILY MEAN TEMPERATURES-->{{#if:{{{Jan mean C|}}}{{{Feb mean C|}}}{{{Mar mean C|}}}{{{Apr mean C|}}}{{{May mean C|}}}{{{Jun mean C|}}}{{{Jul mean C|}}}{{{Aug mean C|}}}{{{Sep mean C|}}}{{{Oct mean C|}}}{{{Nov mean C|}}}{{{Dec mean C|}}}{{{Jan mean F|}}}{{{Feb mean F|}}}{{{Mar mean F|}}}{{{Apr mean F|}}}{{{May mean F|}}}{{{Jun mean F|}}}{{{Jul mean F|}}}{{{Aug mean F|}}}{{{Sep mean F|}}}{{{Oct mean F|}}}{{{Nov mean F|}}}{{{Dec mean F|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{temperature colour}}}</code> is not a valid temperature color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|temperature colour=pastel</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>temperature colour</code> parameter for the standard coloring.'''</span>|pastel|t=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/line |label=Daily Mean °{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|F|C}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}} |alt= |sc={{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}} |f=1<!-- DAILY MEAN TEMPERATURES METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan mean C|}}}|{{{Jan mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jan mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb mean C|}}}|{{{Feb mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Feb mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar mean C|}}}|{{{Mar mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Mar mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr mean C|}}}|{{{Apr mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Apr mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May mean C|}}}|{{{May mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{May mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{May mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun mean C|}}}|{{{Jun mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jun mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul mean C|}}}|{{{Jul mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jul mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug mean C|}}}|{{{Aug mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Aug mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep mean C|}}}|{{{Sep mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Sep mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct mean C|}}}|{{{Oct mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Oct mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov mean C|}}}|{{{Nov mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Nov mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec mean C|}}}|{{{Dec mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Dec mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year mean C|}}}|{{{year mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{year mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{year mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year mean F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan mean C|}}}|{{{Jan mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb mean C|}}}|{{{Feb mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar mean C|}}}|{{{Mar mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr mean C|}}}|{{{Apr mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May mean C|}}}|{{{May mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun mean C|}}}|{{{Jun mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul mean C|}}}|{{{Jul mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug mean C|}}}|{{{Aug mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep mean C|}}}|{{{Sep mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct mean C|}}}|{{{Oct mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov mean C|}}}|{{{Nov mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec mean C|}}}|{{{Dec mean C}}}|foo}})/12 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan mean C}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: (({{#if:{{{Jan mean F|}}}|{{{Jan mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb mean F|}}}|{{{Feb mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar mean F|}}}|{{{Mar mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr mean F|}}}|{{{Apr mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May mean F|}}}|{{{May mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun mean F|}}}|{{{Jun mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul mean F|}}}|{{{Jul mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug mean F|}}}|{{{Aug mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep mean F|}}}|{{{Sep mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct mean F|}}}|{{{Oct mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov mean F|}}}|{{{Nov mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec mean F|}}}|{{{Dec mean F}}}|foo}})/12-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan mean F}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- DAILY MEAN TEMPERATURES IMPERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan mean F|}}}|{{{Jan mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jan mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb mean F|}}}|{{{Feb mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Feb mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar mean F|}}}|{{{Mar mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Mar mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr mean F|}}}|{{{Apr mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Apr mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May mean F|}}}|{{{May mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{May mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{May mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun mean F|}}}|{{{Jun mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jun mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul mean F|}}}|{{{Jul mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jul mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug mean F|}}}|{{{Aug mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Aug mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep mean F|}}}|{{{Sep mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Sep mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct mean F|}}}|{{{Oct mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Oct mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov mean F|}}}|{{{Nov mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Nov mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec mean F|}}}|{{{Dec mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Dec mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year mean F|}}}|{{{year mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{year mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{year mean C}}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan mean F|}}}|{{{Jan mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb mean F|}}}|{{{Feb mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar mean F|}}}|{{{Mar mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr mean F|}}}|{{{Apr mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May mean F|}}}|{{{May mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun mean F|}}}|{{{Jun mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul mean F|}}}|{{{Jul mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug mean F|}}}|{{{Aug mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep mean F|}}}|{{{Sep mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct mean F|}}}|{{{Oct mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov mean F|}}}|{{{Nov mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec mean F|}}}|{{{Dec mean F}}}|foo}})/12 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan mean F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan mean C|}}}|{{{Jan mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb mean C|}}}|{{{Feb mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar mean C|}}}|{{{Mar mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr mean C|}}}|{{{Apr mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May mean C|}}}|{{{May mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun mean C|}}}|{{{Jun mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul mean C|}}}|{{{Jul mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug mean C|}}}|{{{Aug mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep mean C|}}}|{{{Sep mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct mean C|}}}|{{{Oct mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov mean C|}}}|{{{Nov mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec mean C|}}}|{{{Dec mean C}}}|foo}})/12*1.8+32 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan mean C}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- SECOND LINE AVERAGE LOW TEMPERATURES-->{{#if:{{{Jan low C|}}}{{{Feb low C|}}}{{{Mar low C|}}}{{{Apr low C|}}}{{{May low C|}}}{{{Jun low C|}}}{{{Jul low C|}}}{{{Aug low C|}}}{{{Sep low C|}}}{{{Oct low C|}}}{{{Nov low C|}}}{{{Dec low C|}}}{{{Jan low F|}}}{{{Feb low F|}}}{{{Mar low F|}}}{{{Apr low F|}}}{{{May low F|}}}{{{Jun low F|}}}{{{Jul low F|}}}{{{Aug low F|}}}{{{Sep low F|}}}{{{Oct low F|}}}{{{Nov low F|}}}{{{Dec low F|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{temperature colour}}}</code> is not a valid temperature color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|temperature colour=pastel</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>temperature colour</code> parameter for the standard coloring.'''</span>|pastel|t=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/line |label=Average low °{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|F|C}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}} |alt= |sc={{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}} |f=1<!-- AVERAGE LOW TEMPERATURES METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan low C|}}}|{{{Jan low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jan low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb low C|}}}|{{{Feb low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Feb low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar low C|}}}|{{{Mar low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Mar low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr low C|}}}|{{{Apr low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Apr low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May low C|}}}|{{{May low C}}}|{{#if:{{{May low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{May low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun low C|}}}|{{{Jun low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jun low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul low C|}}}|{{{Jul low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jul low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug low C|}}}|{{{Aug low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Aug low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep low C|}}}|{{{Sep low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Sep low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct low C|}}}|{{{Oct low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Oct low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov low C|}}}|{{{Nov low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Nov low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec low C|}}}|{{{Dec low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Dec low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year low C|}}}|{{{year low C}}}|{{#if:{{{year low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{year low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year low F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan low C|}}}|{{{Jan low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb low C|}}}|{{{Feb low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar low C|}}}|{{{Mar low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr low C|}}}|{{{Apr low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May low C|}}}|{{{May low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun low C|}}}|{{{Jun low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul low C|}}}|{{{Jul low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug low C|}}}|{{{Aug low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep low C|}}}|{{{Sep low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct low C|}}}|{{{Oct low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov low C|}}}|{{{Nov low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec low C|}}}|{{{Dec low C}}}|foo}})/12 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan low C}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: (({{#if:{{{Jan low F|}}}|{{{Jan low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb low F|}}}|{{{Feb low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar low F|}}}|{{{Mar low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr low F|}}}|{{{Apr low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May low F|}}}|{{{May low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun low F|}}}|{{{Jun low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul low F|}}}|{{{Jul low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug low F|}}}|{{{Aug low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep low F|}}}|{{{Sep low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct low F|}}}|{{{Oct low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov low F|}}}|{{{Nov low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec low F|}}}|{{{Dec low F}}}|foo}})/12-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan low F}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- AVERAGE LOW TEMPERATURES IMPERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan low F|}}}|{{{Jan low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jan low C}}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb low F|}}}|{{{Feb low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Feb low C}}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar low F|}}}|{{{Mar low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Mar low C}}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr low F|}}}|{{{Apr low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Apr low C}}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May low F|}}}|{{{May low F}}}|{{#if:{{{May low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{May low C}}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun low F|}}}|{{{Jun low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jun low C}}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul low F|}}}|{{{Jul low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jul low C}}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug low F|}}}|{{{Aug low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Aug low C}}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep low F|}}}|{{{Sep low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Sep low C}}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct low F|}}}|{{{Oct low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Oct low C}}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov low F|}}}|{{{Nov low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Nov low C}}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec low F|}}}|{{{Dec low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Dec low C}}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year low F|}}}|{{{year low F}}}|{{#if:{{{year low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{year low C}}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan low F|}}}|{{{Jan low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb low F|}}}|{{{Feb low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar low F|}}}|{{{Mar low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr low F|}}}|{{{Apr low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May low F|}}}|{{{May low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun low F|}}}|{{{Jun low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul low F|}}}|{{{Jul low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug low F|}}}|{{{Aug low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep low F|}}}|{{{Sep low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct low F|}}}|{{{Oct low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov low F|}}}|{{{Nov low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec low F|}}}|{{{Dec low F}}}|foo}})/12 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan low F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan low C|}}}|{{{Jan low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb low C|}}}|{{{Feb low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar low C|}}}|{{{Mar low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr low C|}}}|{{{Apr low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May low C|}}}|{{{May low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun low C|}}}|{{{Jun low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul low C|}}}|{{{Jul low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug low C|}}}|{{{Aug low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep low C|}}}|{{{Sep low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct low C|}}}|{{{Oct low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov low C|}}}|{{{Nov low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec low C|}}}|{{{Dec low C}}}|foo}})/12*1.8+32 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan low C}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- SECOND LINE RECORD LOW TEMPERATURES-->{{#if:{{{Jan record low C|}}}{{{Feb record low C|}}}{{{Mar record low C|}}}{{{Apr record low C|}}}{{{May record low C|}}}{{{Jun record low C|}}}{{{Jul record low C|}}}{{{Aug record low C|}}}{{{Sep record low C|}}}{{{Oct record low C|}}}{{{Nov record low C|}}}{{{Dec record low C|}}}{{{Jan record low F|}}}{{{Feb record low F|}}}{{{Mar record low F|}}}{{{Apr record low F|}}}{{{May record low F|}}}{{{Jun record low F|}}}{{{Jul record low F|}}}{{{Aug record low F|}}}{{{Sep record low F|}}}{{{Oct record low F|}}}{{{Nov record low F|}}}{{{Dec record low F|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{temperature colour}}}</code> is not a valid temperature color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|temperature colour=pastel</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>temperature colour</code> parameter for the standard coloring.'''</span>|pastel|t=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/line |label=Record low °{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|F|C}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}} |alt= |sc={{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}} |f=1<!-- RECORD LOW TEMPERATURES METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan record low C|}}}|{{{Jan record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jan record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb record low C|}}}|{{{Feb record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Feb record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar record low C|}}}|{{{Mar record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Mar record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr record low C|}}}|{{{Apr record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Apr record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May record low C|}}}|{{{May record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{May record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{May record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun record low C|}}}|{{{Jun record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jun record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul record low C|}}}|{{{Jul record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jul record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug record low C|}}}|{{{Aug record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Aug record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep record low C|}}}|{{{Sep record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Sep record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct record low C|}}}|{{{Oct record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Oct record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov record low C|}}}|{{{Nov record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Nov record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec record low C|}}}|{{{Dec record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Dec record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year record low C|}}}|{{{year record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{year record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{year record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year record low F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{Min/27|{{{Jan record low C|}}}|{{{Feb record low C|}}}|{{{Mar record low C|}}}|{{{Apr record low C|}}}|{{{May record low C|}}}|{{{Jun record low C|}}}|{{{Jul record low C|}}}|{{{Aug record low C|}}}|{{{Sep record low C|}}}|{{{Oct record low C|}}}|{{{Nov record low C|}}}|{{{Dec record low C|}}}|{{#expr:({{Min/27|{{#if:{{{Jan record low F|}}}|{{{Jan record low F}}}|100}}|{{{Feb record low F|}}}|{{{Mar record low F|}}}|{{{Apr record low F|}}}|{{{May record low F|}}}|{{{Jun record low F|}}}|{{{Jul record low F|}}}|{{{Aug record low F|}}}|{{{Sep record low F|}}}|{{{Oct record low F|}}}|{{{Nov record low F|}}}|{{{Dec record low F|}}}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{#if:{{{Jan record low F|}}}|{{{Jan record low F}}}|1}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- RECORD LOW TEMPERATURES IMPERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan record low F|}}}|{{{Jan record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jan record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb record low F|}}}|{{{Feb record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Feb record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar record low F|}}}|{{{Mar record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Mar record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr record low F|}}}|{{{Apr record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Apr record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May record low F|}}}|{{{May record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{May record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{May record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun record low F|}}}|{{{Jun record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jun record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul record low F|}}}|{{{Jul record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jul record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug record low F|}}}|{{{Aug record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Aug record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep record low F|}}}|{{{Sep record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Sep record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct record low F|}}}|{{{Oct record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Oct record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov record low F|}}}|{{{Nov record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Nov record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec record low F|}}}|{{{Dec record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Dec record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year record low F|}}}|{{{year record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{year record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{year record low C}}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{Min/27|{{{Jan record low F|}}}|{{{Feb record low F|}}}|{{{Mar record low F|}}}|{{{Apr record low F|}}}|{{{May record low F|}}}|{{{Jun record low F|}}}|{{{Jul record low F|}}}|{{{Aug record low F|}}}|{{{Sep record low F|}}}|{{{Oct record low F|}}}|{{{Nov record low F|}}}|{{{Dec record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{Min/27|{{#if:{{{Jan record low C|}}}|{{{Jan record low C}}}|38}}|{{{Feb record low C|}}}|{{{Mar record low C|}}}|{{{Apr record low C|}}}|{{{May record low C|}}}|{{{Jun record low C|}}}|{{{Jul record low C|}}}|{{{Aug record low C|}}}|{{{Sep record low C|}}}|{{{Oct record low C|}}}|{{{Nov record low C|}}}|{{{Dec record low C|}}}}})*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{#if:{{{Jan record low C|}}}|{{{Jan record low C}}}|1}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- SECOND LINE MINIMUM WIND CHILL-->{{#if:{{{Jan chill|}}}{{{Feb chill|}}}{{{Mar chill|}}}{{{Apr chill|}}}{{{May chill|}}}{{{Jun chill|}}}{{{Jul chill|}}}{{{Aug chill|}}}{{{Sep chill|}}}{{{Oct chill|}}}{{{Nov chill|}}}{{{Dec chill|}}}|{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}||{{#switch:{{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{temperature colour}}}</code> is not a valid temperature color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|temperature colour=pastel</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>temperature colour</code> parameter for the standard coloring.'''</span>|pastel|t=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/oneline |label=[[Wind chill]] |show=1 |sc={{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}} |f=1<!-- MINIMUM WIND CHILL VALUES--> |jan1={{{Jan chill|}}} |feb1={{{Feb chill|}}} |mar1={{{Mar chill|}}} |apr1={{{Apr chill|}}} |may1={{{May chill|}}} |jun1={{{Jun chill|}}} |jul1={{{Jul chill|}}} |aug1={{{Aug chill|}}} |sep1={{{Sep chill|}}} |oct1={{{Oct chill|}}} |nov1={{{Nov chill|}}} |dec1={{{Dec chill|}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year chill|}}}|{{{year chill}}}|{{#iferror:{{Min/27|{{{Jan chill|}}}|{{{Feb chill|}}}|{{{Mar chill|}}}|{{{Apr chill|}}}|{{{May chill|}}}|{{{Jun chill|}}}|{{{Jul chill|}}}|{{{Aug chill|}}}|{{{Sep chill|}}}|{{{Oct chill|}}}|{{{Nov chill|}}}|{{{Dec chill|}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}}}<!-- SECOND LINE TOTAL PRECIPITATION-->{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation cm|}}}{{{Feb precipitation cm|}}}{{{Mar precipitation cm|}}}{{{Apr precipitation cm|}}}{{{May precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jun precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jul precipitation cm|}}}{{{Aug precipitation cm|}}}{{{Sep precipitation cm|}}}{{{Oct precipitation cm|}}}{{{Nov precipitation cm|}}}{{{Dec precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jan precipitation mm|}}}{{{Feb precipitation mm|}}}{{{Mar precipitation mm|}}}{{{Apr precipitation mm|}}}{{{May precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jun precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jul precipitation mm|}}}{{{Aug precipitation mm|}}}{{{Sep precipitation mm|}}}{{{Oct precipitation mm|}}}{{{Nov precipitation mm|}}}{{{Dec precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jan precipitation inch|}}}{{{Feb precipitation inch|}}}{{{Mar precipitation inch|}}}{{{Apr precipitation inch|}}}{{{May precipitation inch|}}}{{{Jun precipitation inch|}}}{{{Jul precipitation inch|}}}{{{Aug precipitation inch|}}}{{{Sep precipitation inch|}}}{{{Oct precipitation inch|}}}{{{Nov precipitation inch|}}}{{{Dec precipitation inch|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{precipitation colour|}}}|{{{precipitation colour}}}|p}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{precipitation colour}}}</code> is not a valid precipitation color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|precipitation colour=green</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>precipitation colour</code> parameter for the standard blue coloring.'''</span>|green|p=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/line/date |label=[[Precipitation (meteorology)|Precipitation]] {{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|inches|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation cm|}}}{{{Feb precipitation cm|}}}{{{Mar precipitation cm|}}}{{{Apr precipitation cm|}}}{{{May precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jun precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jul precipitation cm|}}}{{{Aug precipitation cm|}}}{{{Sep precipitation cm|}}}{{{Oct precipitation cm|}}}{{{Nov precipitation cm|}}}{{{Dec precipitation cm|}}}|c|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation mm|}}}{{{Feb precipitation mm|}}}{{{Mar precipitation mm|}}}{{{Apr precipitation mm|}}}{{{May precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jun precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jul precipitation mm|}}}{{{Aug precipitation mm|}}}{{{Sep precipitation mm|}}}{{{Oct precipitation mm|}}}{{{Nov precipitation mm|}}}{{{Dec precipitation mm|}}}|m|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch|}}}}}<1|c|m}}}}}}m}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}} |alt= |sc={{#if:{{{precipitation colour|}}}|{{{precipitation colour}}}|p}} |f={{#if:{{{Jan precipitation cm|}}}{{{Feb precipitation cm|}}}{{{Mar precipitation cm|}}}{{{Apr precipitation cm|}}}{{{May precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jun precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jul precipitation cm|}}}{{{Aug precipitation cm|}}}{{{Sep precipitation cm|}}}{{{Oct precipitation cm|}}}{{{Nov precipitation cm|}}}{{{Dec precipitation cm|}}}|10|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation mm|}}}{{{Feb precipitation mm|}}}{{{Mar precipitation mm|}}}{{{Apr precipitation mm|}}}{{{May precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jun precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jul precipitation mm|}}}{{{Aug precipitation mm|}}}{{{Sep precipitation mm|}}}{{{Oct precipitation mm|}}}{{{Nov precipitation mm|}}}{{{Dec precipitation mm|}}}|1|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch|}}}}}<1|10|1}}}}}}<!-- TOTAL PRECIPITATION METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Feb precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Mar precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Apr precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May precipitation cm|}}}|{{{May precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{May precipitation mm|}}}|{{{May precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{May precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{May precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{May precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{May precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Jun precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Jul precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Aug precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Sep precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Oct precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Nov precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Dec precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year precipitation cm|}}}|{{{year precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{year precipitation mm|}}}|{{{year precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{year precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{year precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{year precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{year precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May precipitation cm|}}}|{{{May precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation cm}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May precipitation mm|}}}|{{{May precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation mm}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May precipitation inch|}}}|{{{May precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation inch}}}|foo}}){{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|*2.54 round 0|*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- TOTAL PRECIPITATION IMPERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May precipitation inch|}}}|{{{May precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{May precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{May precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year precipitation inch|}}}|{{{year precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{year precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{year precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May precipitation inch|}}}|{{{May precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation inch}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May precipitation cm|}}}|{{{May precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation cm}}}|foo}})/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May precipitation mm|}}}|{{{May precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation mm}}}|foo}})/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- SECOND LINE RAINFALL-->{{#if:{{{Jan rain cm|}}}{{{Feb rain cm|}}}{{{Mar rain cm|}}}{{{Apr rain cm|}}}{{{May rain cm|}}}{{{Jun rain cm|}}}{{{Jul rain cm|}}}{{{Aug rain cm|}}}{{{Sep rain cm|}}}{{{Oct rain cm|}}}{{{Nov rain cm|}}}{{{Dec rain cm|}}}{{{Jan rain mm|}}}{{{Feb rain mm|}}}{{{Mar rain mm|}}}{{{Apr rain mm|}}}{{{May rain mm|}}}{{{Jun rain mm|}}}{{{Jul rain mm|}}}{{{Aug rain mm|}}}{{{Sep rain mm|}}}{{{Oct rain mm|}}}{{{Nov rain mm|}}}{{{Dec rain mm|}}}{{{Jan rain inch|}}}{{{Feb rain inch|}}}{{{Mar rain inch|}}}{{{Apr rain inch|}}}{{{May rain inch|}}}{{{Jun rain inch|}}}{{{Jul rain inch|}}}{{{Aug rain inch|}}}{{{Sep rain inch|}}}{{{Oct rain inch|}}}{{{Nov rain inch|}}}{{{Dec rain inch|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{rain colour|}}}|{{{rain colour}}}|p}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{rain colour}}}</code> is not a valid rain color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|rain colour=green</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>rain colour</code> parameter for the standard blue coloring.'''</span>|green|p=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/line/date |label=[[Rain]]fall {{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|inches|{{#if:{{{Jan rain cm|}}}{{{Feb rain cm|}}}{{{Mar rain cm|}}}{{{Apr rain cm|}}}{{{May rain cm|}}}{{{Jun rain cm|}}}{{{Jul rain cm|}}}{{{Aug rain cm|}}}{{{Sep rain cm|}}}{{{Oct rain cm|}}}{{{Nov rain cm|}}}{{{Dec rain cm|}}}|c|{{#if:{{{Jan rain mm|}}}{{{Feb rain mm|}}}{{{Mar rain mm|}}}{{{Apr rain mm|}}}{{{May rain mm|}}}{{{Jun rain mm|}}}{{{Jul rain mm|}}}{{{Aug rain mm|}}}{{{Sep rain mm|}}}{{{Oct rain mm|}}}{{{Nov rain mm|}}}{{{Dec rain mm|}}}|m|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch|}}}}}<1|c|m}}}}}}m}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}} |alt= |sc={{#if:{{{rain colour|}}}|{{{rain colour}}}|p}} |f={{#if:{{{Jan rain cm|}}}{{{Feb rain cm|}}}{{{Mar rain cm|}}}{{{Apr rain cm|}}}{{{May rain cm|}}}{{{Jun rain cm|}}}{{{Jul rain cm|}}}{{{Aug rain cm|}}}{{{Sep rain cm|}}}{{{Oct rain cm|}}}{{{Nov rain cm|}}}{{{Dec rain cm|}}}|10|{{#if:{{{Jan rain mm|}}}{{{Feb rain mm|}}}{{{Mar rain mm|}}}{{{Apr rain mm|}}}{{{May rain mm|}}}{{{Jun rain mm|}}}{{{Jul rain mm|}}}{{{Aug rain mm|}}}{{{Sep rain mm|}}}{{{Oct rain mm|}}}{{{Nov rain mm|}}}{{{Dec rain mm|}}}|1|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch|}}}}}<1|10|1}}}}}}<!-- RAINFALL METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan rain cm|}}}|{{{Jan rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan rain mm|}}}|{{{Jan rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Jan rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb rain cm|}}}|{{{Feb rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb rain mm|}}}|{{{Feb rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Feb rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar rain cm|}}}|{{{Mar rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar rain mm|}}}|{{{Mar rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Mar rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr rain cm|}}}|{{{Apr rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr rain mm|}}}|{{{Apr rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Apr rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May rain cm|}}}|{{{May rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{May rain mm|}}}|{{{May rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{May rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{May rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{May rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{May rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun rain cm|}}}|{{{Jun rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun rain mm|}}}|{{{Jun rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Jun rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul rain cm|}}}|{{{Jul rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul rain mm|}}}|{{{Jul rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Jul rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug rain cm|}}}|{{{Aug rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug rain mm|}}}|{{{Aug rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Aug rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep rain cm|}}}|{{{Sep rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep rain mm|}}}|{{{Sep rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Sep rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct rain cm|}}}|{{{Oct rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct rain mm|}}}|{{{Oct rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Oct rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov rain cm|}}}|{{{Nov rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov rain mm|}}}|{{{Nov rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Nov rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec rain cm|}}}|{{{Dec rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec rain mm|}}}|{{{Dec rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Dec rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year rain cm|}}}|{{{year rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{year rain mm|}}}|{{{year rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{year rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{year rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{year rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{year rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan rain cm|}}}|{{{Jan rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb rain cm|}}}|{{{Feb rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar rain cm|}}}|{{{Mar rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr rain cm|}}}|{{{Apr rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May rain cm|}}}|{{{May rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun rain cm|}}}|{{{Jun rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul rain cm|}}}|{{{Jul rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug rain cm|}}}|{{{Aug rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep rain cm|}}}|{{{Sep rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct rain cm|}}}|{{{Oct rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov rain cm|}}}|{{{Nov rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec rain cm|}}}|{{{Dec rain cm}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan rain mm|}}}|{{{Jan rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb rain mm|}}}|{{{Feb rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar rain mm|}}}|{{{Mar rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr rain mm|}}}|{{{Apr rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May rain mm|}}}|{{{May rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun rain mm|}}}|{{{Jun rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul rain mm|}}}|{{{Jul rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug rain mm|}}}|{{{Aug rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep rain mm|}}}|{{{Sep rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct rain mm|}}}|{{{Oct rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov rain mm|}}}|{{{Nov rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec rain mm|}}}|{{{Dec rain mm}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan rain inch|}}}|{{{Jan rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb rain inch|}}}|{{{Feb rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar rain inch|}}}|{{{Mar rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr rain inch|}}}|{{{Apr rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May rain inch|}}}|{{{May rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun rain inch|}}}|{{{Jun rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul rain inch|}}}|{{{Jul rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug rain inch|}}}|{{{Aug rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep rain inch|}}}|{{{Sep rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct rain inch|}}}|{{{Oct rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov rain inch|}}}|{{{Nov rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec rain inch|}}}|{{{Dec rain inch}}}|foo}}){{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|*2.54 round 0|*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- RAINFALL IMPERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan rain inch|}}}|{{{Jan rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb rain inch|}}}|{{{Feb rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar rain inch|}}}|{{{Mar rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr rain inch|}}}|{{{Apr rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May rain inch|}}}|{{{May rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{May rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{May rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun rain inch|}}}|{{{Jun rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul rain inch|}}}|{{{Jul rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug rain inch|}}}|{{{Aug rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep rain inch|}}}|{{{Sep rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct rain inch|}}}|{{{Oct rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov rain inch|}}}|{{{Nov rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec rain inch|}}}|{{{Dec rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year rain inch|}}}|{{{year rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{year rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{year rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan rain inch|}}}|{{{Jan rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb rain inch|}}}|{{{Feb rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar rain inch|}}}|{{{Mar rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr rain inch|}}}|{{{Apr rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May rain inch|}}}|{{{May rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun rain inch|}}}|{{{Jun rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul rain inch|}}}|{{{Jul rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug rain inch|}}}|{{{Aug rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep rain inch|}}}|{{{Sep rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct rain inch|}}}|{{{Oct rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov rain inch|}}}|{{{Nov rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec rain inch|}}}|{{{Dec rain inch}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan rain cm|}}}|{{{Jan rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb rain cm|}}}|{{{Feb rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar rain cm|}}}|{{{Mar rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr rain cm|}}}|{{{Apr rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May rain cm|}}}|{{{May rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun rain cm|}}}|{{{Jun rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul rain cm|}}}|{{{Jul rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug rain cm|}}}|{{{Aug rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep rain cm|}}}|{{{Sep rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct rain cm|}}}|{{{Oct rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov rain cm|}}}|{{{Nov rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec rain cm|}}}|{{{Dec rain cm}}}|foo}})/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan rain mm|}}}|{{{Jan rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb rain mm|}}}|{{{Feb rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar rain mm|}}}|{{{Mar rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr rain mm|}}}|{{{Apr rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May rain mm|}}}|{{{May rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun rain mm|}}}|{{{Jun rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul rain mm|}}}|{{{Jul rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug rain mm|}}}|{{{Aug rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep rain mm|}}}|{{{Sep rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct rain mm|}}}|{{{Oct rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov rain mm|}}}|{{{Nov rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec rain mm|}}}|{{{Dec rain mm}}}|foo}})/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- SECOND LINE SNOWFALL-->{{#if:{{{Jan snow cm|}}}{{{Feb snow cm|}}}{{{Mar snow cm|}}}{{{Apr snow cm|}}}{{{May snow cm|}}}{{{Jun snow cm|}}}{{{Jul snow cm|}}}{{{Aug snow cm|}}}{{{Sep snow cm|}}}{{{Oct snow cm|}}}{{{Nov snow cm|}}}{{{Dec snow cm|}}}{{{Jan snow mm|}}}{{{Feb snow mm|}}}{{{Mar snow mm|}}}{{{Apr snow mm|}}}{{{May snow mm|}}}{{{Jun snow mm|}}}{{{Jul snow mm|}}}{{{Aug snow mm|}}}{{{Sep snow mm|}}}{{{Oct snow mm|}}}{{{Nov snow mm|}}}{{{Dec snow mm|}}}{{{Jan snow inch|}}}{{{Feb snow inch|}}}{{{Mar snow inch|}}}{{{Apr snow inch|}}}{{{May snow inch|}}}{{{Jun snow inch|}}}{{{Jul snow inch|}}}{{{Aug snow inch|}}}{{{Sep snow inch|}}}{{{Oct snow inch|}}}{{{Nov snow inch|}}}{{{Dec snow inch|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{snow colour|}}}|{{{snow colour}}}|p}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{snow colour}}}</code> is not a valid snow color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|snow colour=green</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>snow colour</code> parameter for the standard blue coloring.'''</span>|green|p=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/line/date |label=[[Snow]]fall {{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|inches|{{#if:{{{Jan snow mm|}}}{{{Feb snow mm|}}}{{{Mar snow mm|}}}{{{Apr snow mm|}}}{{{May snow mm|}}}{{{Jun snow mm|}}}{{{Jul snow mm|}}}{{{Aug snow mm|}}}{{{Sep snow mm|}}}{{{Oct snow mm|}}}{{{Nov snow mm|}}}{{{Dec snow mm|}}}|m|c}}m}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}} |alt= |sc={{#if:{{{snow colour|}}}|{{{snow colour}}}|p}} |f={{#if:{{{Jan snow mm|}}}{{{Feb snow mm|}}}{{{Mar snow mm|}}}{{{Apr snow mm|}}}{{{May snow mm|}}}{{{Jun snow mm|}}}{{{Jul snow mm|}}}{{{Aug snow mm|}}}{{{Sep snow mm|}}}{{{Oct snow mm|}}}{{{Nov snow mm|}}}{{{Dec snow mm|}}}|1|10}}<!-- SNOWFALL METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan snow mm|}}}|{{{Jan snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan snow cm|}}}|{{{Jan snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb snow mm|}}}|{{{Feb snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb snow cm|}}}|{{{Feb snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar snow mm|}}}|{{{Mar snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar snow cm|}}}|{{{Mar snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr snow mm|}}}|{{{Apr snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr snow cm|}}}|{{{Apr snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May snow mm|}}}|{{{May snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{May snow cm|}}}|{{{May snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{May snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun snow mm|}}}|{{{Jun snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun snow cm|}}}|{{{Jun snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul snow mm|}}}|{{{Jul snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul snow cm|}}}|{{{Jul snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug snow mm|}}}|{{{Aug snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug snow cm|}}}|{{{Aug snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep snow mm|}}}|{{{Sep snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep snow cm|}}}|{{{Sep snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct snow mm|}}}|{{{Oct snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct snow cm|}}}|{{{Oct snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov snow mm|}}}|{{{Nov snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov snow cm|}}}|{{{Nov snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec snow mm|}}}|{{{Dec snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec snow cm|}}}|{{{Dec snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year snow mm|}}}|{{{year snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{year snow cm|}}}|{{{year snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{year snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year snow inch}}}}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan snow cm|}}}|{{{Jan snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb snow cm|}}}|{{{Feb snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar snow cm|}}}|{{{Mar snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr snow cm|}}}|{{{Apr snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May snow cm|}}}|{{{May snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun snow cm|}}}|{{{Jun snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul snow cm|}}}|{{{Jul snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug snow cm|}}}|{{{Aug snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep snow cm|}}}|{{{Sep snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct snow cm|}}}|{{{Oct snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov snow cm|}}}|{{{Nov snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec snow cm|}}}|{{{Dec snow cm}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan snow mm|}}}|{{{Jan snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb snow mm|}}}|{{{Feb snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar snow mm|}}}|{{{Mar snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr snow mm|}}}|{{{Apr snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May snow mm|}}}|{{{May snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun snow mm|}}}|{{{Jun snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul snow mm|}}}|{{{Jul snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug snow mm|}}}|{{{Aug snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep snow mm|}}}|{{{Sep snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct snow mm|}}}|{{{Oct snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov snow mm|}}}|{{{Nov snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec snow mm|}}}|{{{Dec snow mm}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan snow inch|}}}|{{{Jan snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb snow inch|}}}|{{{Feb snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar snow inch|}}}|{{{Mar snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr snow inch|}}}|{{{Apr snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May snow inch|}}}|{{{May snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun snow inch|}}}|{{{Jun snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul snow inch|}}}|{{{Jul snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug snow inch|}}}|{{{Aug snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep snow inch|}}}|{{{Sep snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct snow inch|}}}|{{{Oct snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov snow inch|}}}|{{{Nov snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec snow inch|}}}|{{{Dec snow inch}}}|foo}})*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- SNOWFALL IMERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan snow inch|}}}|{{{Jan snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb snow inch|}}}|{{{Feb snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar snow inch|}}}|{{{Mar snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr snow inch|}}}|{{{Apr snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May snow inch|}}}|{{{May snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{May snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{May snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun snow inch|}}}|{{{Jun snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul snow inch|}}}|{{{Jul snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug snow inch|}}}|{{{Aug snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep snow inch|}}}|{{{Sep snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct snow inch|}}}|{{{Oct snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov snow inch|}}}|{{{Nov snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec snow inch|}}}|{{{Dec snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year snow inch|}}}|{{{year snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{year snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{year snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan snow inch|}}}|{{{Jan snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb snow inch|}}}|{{{Feb snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar snow inch|}}}|{{{Mar snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr snow inch|}}}|{{{Apr snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May snow inch|}}}|{{{May snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun snow inch|}}}|{{{Jun snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul snow inch|}}}|{{{Jul snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug snow inch|}}}|{{{Aug snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep snow inch|}}}|{{{Sep snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct snow inch|}}}|{{{Oct snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov snow inch|}}}|{{{Nov snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec snow inch|}}}|{{{Dec snow inch}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan snow mm|}}}|{{{Jan snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb snow mm|}}}|{{{Feb snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar snow mm|}}}|{{{Mar snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr snow mm|}}}|{{{Apr snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May snow mm|}}}|{{{May snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun snow mm|}}}|{{{Jun snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul snow mm|}}}|{{{Jul snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug snow mm|}}}|{{{Aug snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep snow mm|}}}|{{{Sep snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct snow mm|}}}|{{{Oct snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov snow mm|}}}|{{{Nov snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec snow mm|}}}|{{{Dec snow mm}}}|foo}})/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan snow cm|}}}|{{{Jan snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb snow cm|}}}|{{{Feb snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar snow cm|}}}|{{{Mar snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr snow cm|}}}|{{{Apr snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May snow cm|}}}|{{{May snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun snow cm|}}}|{{{Jun snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul snow cm|}}}|{{{Jul snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug snow cm|}}}|{{{Aug snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep snow cm|}}}|{{{Sep snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct snow cm|}}}|{{{Oct snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov snow cm|}}}|{{{Nov snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec snow cm|}}}|{{{Dec snow cm}}}|foo}})/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- -->}}<!-- PERCENT HUMIDITY-->{{#if:{{{Jan humidity|}}}{{{Feb humidity|}}}{{{Mar humidity|}}}{{{Apr humidity|}}}{{{May humidity|}}}{{{Jun humidity|}}}{{{Jul humidity|}}}{{{Aug humidity|}}}{{{Sep humidity|}}}{{{Oct humidity|}}}{{{Nov humidity|}}}{{{Dec humidity|}}}|<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/oneline |label=[[ຄວາມຊຸ່ມ]]ຮ້ອຍລະ |show=1 |sc=h |f=1 |jan1={{{Jan humidity|}}} |feb1={{{Feb humidity|}}} |mar1={{{Mar humidity|}}} |apr1={{{Apr humidity|}}} |may1={{{May humidity|}}} |jun1={{{Jun humidity|}}} |jul1={{{Jul humidity|}}} |aug1={{{Aug humidity|}}} |sep1={{{Sep humidity|}}} |oct1={{{Oct humidity|}}} |nov1={{{Nov humidity|}}} |dec1={{{Dec humidity|}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year humidity|}}}|{{{year humidity}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan humidity|}}}|{{{Jan humidity}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb humidity|}}}|{{{Feb humidity}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar humidity|}}}|{{{Mar humidity}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr humidity|}}}|{{{Apr humidity}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May humidity|}}}|{{{May humidity}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun humidity|}}}|{{{Jun humidity}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul humidity|}}}|{{{Jul humidity}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug humidity|}}}|{{{Aug humidity}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep humidity|}}}|{{{Sep humidity}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct humidity|}}}|{{{Oct humidity}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov humidity|}}}|{{{Nov humidity}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec humidity|}}}|{{{Dec humidity}}}|foo}})/12 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan humidity}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}<!-- PRECIPITATION DAYS-->{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation days|}}}{{{Feb precipitation days|}}}{{{Mar precipitation days|}}}{{{Apr precipitation days|}}}{{{May precipitation days|}}}{{{Jun precipitation days|}}}{{{Jul precipitation days|}}}{{{Aug precipitation days|}}}{{{Sep precipitation days|}}}{{{Oct precipitation days|}}}{{{Nov precipitation days|}}}{{{Dec precipitation days|}}}|<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/oneline/date |label=ວັນທີ່ມີນໍ້າຢາດຟ້າໂດຍສະເລ່ຍ {{#if:{{{unit precipitation days|}}}|<span style="font-size:80%">{{Nowrap|(≥ {{{unit precipitation days}}})}}</span>}} |show=1 |sc=d |f=1 |jan1={{{Jan precipitation days|}}} |feb1={{{Feb precipitation days|}}} |mar1={{{Mar precipitation days|}}} |apr1={{{Apr precipitation days|}}} |may1={{{May precipitation days|}}} |jun1={{{Jun precipitation days|}}} |jul1={{{Jul precipitation days|}}} |aug1={{{Aug precipitation days|}}} |sep1={{{Sep precipitation days|}}} |oct1={{{Oct precipitation days|}}} |nov1={{{Nov precipitation days|}}} |dec1={{{Dec precipitation days|}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year precipitation days|}}}|{{{year precipitation days}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan precipitation days|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation days|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation days|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation days|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May precipitation days|}}}|{{{May precipitation days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation days|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation days|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation days|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation days|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation days|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation days|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation days|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation days}}}|foo}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}<!-- RAINY DAYS-->{{#if:{{{Jan rain days|}}}{{{Feb rain days|}}}{{{Mar rain days|}}}{{{Apr rain days|}}}{{{May rain days|}}}{{{Jun rain days|}}}{{{Jul rain days|}}}{{{Aug rain days|}}}{{{Sep rain days|}}}{{{Oct rain days|}}}{{{Nov rain days|}}}{{{Dec rain days|}}}|<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/oneline/date |label=วันที่มีฝนตกโดยเฉลี่ย {{#if:{{{unit rain days|}}}|<span style="font-size:80%">{{Nowrap|(≥ {{{unit rain days}}})}}</span>}} |show=1 |sc=d |f=1 |jan1={{{Jan rain days|}}} |feb1={{{Feb rain days|}}} |mar1={{{Mar rain days|}}} |apr1={{{Apr rain days|}}} |may1={{{May rain days|}}} |jun1={{{Jun rain days|}}} |jul1={{{Jul rain days|}}} |aug1={{{Aug rain days|}}} |sep1={{{Sep rain days|}}} |oct1={{{Oct rain days|}}} |nov1={{{Nov rain days|}}} |dec1={{{Dec rain days|}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year rain days|}}}|{{{year rain days}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan rain days|}}}|{{{Jan rain days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb rain days|}}}|{{{Feb rain days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar rain days|}}}|{{{Mar rain days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr rain days|}}}|{{{Apr rain days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May rain days|}}}|{{{May rain days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun rain days|}}}|{{{Jun rain days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul rain days|}}}|{{{Jul rain days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug rain days|}}}|{{{Aug rain days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep rain days|}}}|{{{Sep rain days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct rain days|}}}|{{{Oct rain days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov rain days|}}}|{{{Nov rain days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec rain days|}}}|{{{Dec rain days}}}|foo}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}<!-- SNOWY DAYS-->{{#if:{{{Jan snow days|}}}{{{Feb snow days|}}}{{{Mar snow days|}}}{{{Apr snow days|}}}{{{May snow days|}}}{{{Jun snow days|}}}{{{Jul snow days|}}}{{{Aug snow days|}}}{{{Sep snow days|}}}{{{Oct snow days|}}}{{{Nov snow days|}}}{{{Dec snow days|}}}|<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/oneline/date |label=ວັນທີ່ມີຫິມະຕົກໂດຍສະເລ່ຍ {{#if:{{{unit snow days|}}}|<span style="font-size:80%">{{Nowrap|(≥ {{{unit snow days}}})}}</span>}} |show=1 |sc=d |f=1 |jan1={{{Jan snow days|}}} |feb1={{{Feb snow days|}}} |mar1={{{Mar snow days|}}} |apr1={{{Apr snow days|}}} |may1={{{May snow days|}}} |jun1={{{Jun snow days|}}} |jul1={{{Jul snow days|}}} |aug1={{{Aug snow days|}}} |sep1={{{Sep snow days|}}} |oct1={{{Oct snow days|}}} |nov1={{{Nov snow days|}}} |dec1={{{Dec snow days|}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year snow days|}}}|{{{year snow days}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan snow days|}}}|{{{Jan snow days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb snow days|}}}|{{{Feb snow days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar snow days|}}}|{{{Mar snow days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr snow days|}}}|{{{Apr snow days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May snow days|}}}|{{{May snow days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun snow days|}}}|{{{Jun snow days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul snow days|}}}|{{{Jul snow days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug snow days|}}}|{{{Aug snow days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep snow days|}}}|{{{Sep snow days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct snow days|}}}|{{{Oct snow days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov snow days|}}}|{{{Nov snow days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec snow days|}}}|{{{Dec snow days}}}|foo}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}<!-- SUNSHINE HOURS-->{{#if:{{{Jan sun|}}}{{{Feb sun|}}}{{{Mar sun|}}}{{{Apr sun|}}}{{{May sun|}}}{{{Jun sun|}}}{{{Jul sun|}}}{{{Aug sun|}}}{{{Sep sun|}}}{{{Oct sun|}}}{{{Nov sun|}}}{{{Dec sun|}}}|<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/oneline/date |label=ຈຳນວນຊົ່ວໂມງທີ່ມີແດດ |show=1 |sc=s |f=1 |jan1={{{Jan sun|}}} |feb1={{{Feb sun|}}} |mar1={{{Mar sun|}}} |apr1={{{Apr sun|}}} |may1={{{May sun|}}} |jun1={{{Jun sun|}}} |jul1={{{Jul sun|}}} |aug1={{{Aug sun|}}} |sep1={{{Sep sun|}}} |oct1={{{Oct sun|}}} |nov1={{{Nov sun|}}} |dec1={{{Dec sun|}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year sun|}}}|{{{year sun}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan sun|}}}|{{{Jan sun}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb sun|}}}|{{{Feb sun}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar sun|}}}|{{{Mar sun}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr sun|}}}|{{{Apr sun}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May sun|}}}|{{{May sun}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun sun|}}}|{{{Jun sun}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul sun|}}}|{{{Jul sun}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug sun|}}}|{{{Aug sun}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep sun|}}}|{{{Sep sun}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct sun|}}}|{{{Oct sun}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov sun|}}}|{{{Nov sun}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec sun|}}}|{{{Dec sun}}}|foo}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}} |-<!--SOURCES--> |colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:85%" {{#if:{{{source 1|}}}{{{source|}}}|{{!}}{{#if:{{{source 2|}}}|ແຫຼ່ງທີ່ມາ 1:|ແຫຼ່ງທີ່ມາ:}} {{{source|{{{source 1}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{source 2|}}}|<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%"{{!}}ແຫຼ່ງທີ່ມາ 2: {{{source 2}}}}}|{{!}}{{Citation needed|date={{{date|}}}}}}} |}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Please add interwikis and categories to the /doc subpage --> </noinclude> 4ol72g9yec784ryt7z86smycct4orhe 130134 130133 2026-08-21T07:04:22Z Khomphoi28 15846 /* */ 130134 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{| class="wikitable {{#if:{{{open|}}}||collapsible {{#if:{{{collapsed|}}}|collapsed}}}}" style="width:{{{width|90%}}}; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height: 1.1em; margin:auto;"{{#if:{{{open|}}}|<nowiki/> {{!}}+ຂໍ້ມູນພູມອາກາດຂອງ{{#if:{{{location|}}}|{{{location}}}|<nowiki>{{{location}}}</nowiki>}}|<nowiki/> {{!-}} !colspan="14" {{!}}ຂໍ້ມູນພູມອາກາດຂອງ{{#if:{{{location|}}}|{{{location}}}|<nowiki>{{{location}}}</nowiki>}}}} |- ! ເດືອນ ! ມ.ກ. ! ກ.ພ. ! ມ.ນ. ! ມ.ສ. ! ພ.ພ. ! ມິ.ຖ. ! ກ.ລ. ! ສ.ຫ. ! ກ.ຍ. ! ຕ.ລ. ! ພ.ຈ. ! ທ.ວ. !style="border-left-width:medium" |ທັງປີ<!-- FIRST LINE MAXIMUM HUMIDEX-->{{#if:{{{Jan maximum humidex|}}}{{{Feb maximum humidex|}}}{{{Mar maximum humidex|}}}{{{Apr maximum humidex|}}}{{{May maximum humidex|}}}{{{Jun maximum humidex|}}}{{{Jul maximum humidex|}}}{{{Aug maximum humidex|}}}{{{Sep maximum humidex|}}}{{{Oct maximum humidex|}}}{{{Nov maximum humidex|}}}{{{Dec maximum humidex|}}}|{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}{{{single line|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{temperature colour}}}</code> is not a valid temperature color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|temperature colour=pastel</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>temperature colour</code> parameter for the standard coloring.'''</span>|pastel|t=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/oneline |label=[[ດັດຊະນີຄວາມຮ້ອນ]] |show=1 |sc={{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}} |f=1<!-- MAXIMUM HUMIDEX VALUES--> |jan1={{{Jan maximum humidex|}}} |feb1={{{Feb maximum humidex|}}} |mar1={{{Mar maximum humidex|}}} |apr1={{{Apr maximum humidex|}}} |may1={{{May maximum humidex|}}} |jun1={{{Jun maximum humidex|}}} |jul1={{{Jul maximum humidex|}}} |aug1={{{Aug maximum humidex|}}} |sep1={{{Sep maximum humidex|}}} |oct1={{{Oct maximum humidex|}}} |nov1={{{Nov maximum humidex|}}} |dec1={{{Dec maximum humidex|}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year maximum humidex|}}}|{{{year maximum humidex}}}|{{#iferror:{{Max/27|{{{Jan maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Feb maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Mar maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Apr maximum humidex|}}}|{{{May maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Jun maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Jul maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Aug maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Sep maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Oct maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Nov maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Dec maximum humidex|}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}}}<!-- FIRST LINE RECORD HIGH TEMPERATURES-->{{#if:{{{Jan record high C|}}}{{{Feb record high C|}}}{{{Mar record high C|}}}{{{Apr record high C|}}}{{{May record high C|}}}{{{Jun record high C|}}}{{{Jul record high C|}}}{{{Aug record high C|}}}{{{Sep record high C|}}}{{{Oct record high C|}}}{{{Nov record high C|}}}{{{Dec record high C|}}}{{{Jan record high F|}}}{{{Feb record high F|}}}{{{Mar record high F|}}}{{{Apr record high F|}}}{{{May record high F|}}}{{{Jun record high F|}}}{{{Jul record high F|}}}{{{Aug record high F|}}}{{{Sep record high F|}}}{{{Oct record high F|}}}{{{Nov record high F|}}}{{{Dec record high F|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{temperature colour}}}</code> is not a valid temperature color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|temperature colour=pastel</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>temperature colour</code> parameter for the standard coloring.'''</span>|pastel|t=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/line |label=ອຸນຫະພູມສູງສຸດທີ່ເຄີຍບັນທຶກ °{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|C|F}} {{#if:{{{single line|}}}|(°{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|F|C}})}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|1|2}} |alt={{#if:{{{single line|}}}|{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}}}} |sc={{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}} |f=1<!-- RECORD HIGH TEMPERATURES METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan record high C|}}}|{{{Jan record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jan record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb record high C|}}}|{{{Feb record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Feb record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar record high C|}}}|{{{Mar record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Mar record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr record high C|}}}|{{{Apr record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Apr record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May record high C|}}}|{{{May record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{May record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{May record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun record high C|}}}|{{{Jun record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jun record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul record high C|}}}|{{{Jul record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jul record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug record high C|}}}|{{{Aug record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Aug record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep record high C|}}}|{{{Sep record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Sep record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct record high C|}}}|{{{Oct record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Oct record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov record high C|}}}|{{{Nov record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Nov record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec record high C|}}}|{{{Dec record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Dec record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year record high C|}}}|{{{year record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{year record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{year record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year record high F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{Max/27|{{{Jan record high C|}}}|{{{Feb record high C|}}}|{{{Mar record high C|}}}|{{{Apr record high C|}}}|{{{May record high C|}}}|{{{Jun record high C|}}}|{{{Jul record high C|}}}|{{{Aug record high C|}}}|{{{Sep record high C|}}}|{{{Oct record high C|}}}|{{{Nov record high C|}}}|{{{Dec record high C|}}}|{{#expr:({{Max/27|{{#if:{{{Jan record high F|}}}|{{{Jan record high F}}}|-40}}|{{{Feb record high F|}}}|{{{Mar record high F|}}}|{{{Apr record high F|}}}|{{{May record high F|}}}|{{{Jun record high F|}}}|{{{Jul record high F|}}}|{{{Aug record high F|}}}|{{{Sep record high F|}}}|{{{Oct record high F|}}}|{{{Nov record high F|}}}|{{{Dec record high F|}}}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{#if:{{{Jan record high F|}}}|{{{Jan record high F}}}|1}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- RECORD HIGH TEMPERATURES IMPERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan record high F|}}}|{{{Jan record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jan record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb record high F|}}}|{{{Feb record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Feb record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar record high F|}}}|{{{Mar record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Mar record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr record high F|}}}|{{{Apr record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Apr record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May record high F|}}}|{{{May record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{May record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{May record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun record high F|}}}|{{{Jun record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jun record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul record high F|}}}|{{{Jul record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jul record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug record high F|}}}|{{{Aug record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Aug record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep record high F|}}}|{{{Sep record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Sep record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct record high F|}}}|{{{Oct record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Oct record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov record high F|}}}|{{{Nov record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Nov record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec record high F|}}}|{{{Dec record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Dec record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year record high F|}}}|{{{year record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{year record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{year record high C}}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{Max/27|{{{Jan record high F|}}}|{{{Feb record high F|}}}|{{{Mar record high F|}}}|{{{Apr record high F|}}}|{{{May record high F|}}}|{{{Jun record high F|}}}|{{{Jul record high F|}}}|{{{Aug record high F|}}}|{{{Sep record high F|}}}|{{{Oct record high F|}}}|{{{Nov record high F|}}}|{{{Dec record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{Max/27|{{#if:{{{Jan record high C|}}}|{{{Jan record high C}}}|-40}}|{{{Feb record high C|}}}|{{{Mar record high C|}}}|{{{Apr record high C|}}}|{{{May record high C|}}}|{{{Jun record high C|}}}|{{{Jul record high C|}}}|{{{Aug record high C|}}}|{{{Sep record high C|}}}|{{{Oct record high C|}}}|{{{Nov record high C|}}}|{{{Dec record high C|}}}}})*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{#if:{{{Jan record high C|}}}|{{{Jan record high C}}}|1}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- FIRST LINE AVERAGE HIGH TEMPERATURES-->{{#if:{{{Jan high C|}}}{{{Feb high C|}}}{{{Mar high C|}}}{{{Apr high C|}}}{{{May high C|}}}{{{Jun high C|}}}{{{Jul high C|}}}{{{Aug high C|}}}{{{Sep high C|}}}{{{Oct high C|}}}{{{Nov high C|}}}{{{Dec high C|}}}{{{Jan high F|}}}{{{Feb high F|}}}{{{Mar high F|}}}{{{Apr high F|}}}{{{May high F|}}}{{{Jun high F|}}}{{{Jul high F|}}}{{{Aug high F|}}}{{{Sep high F|}}}{{{Oct high F|}}}{{{Nov high F|}}}{{{Dec high F|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{temperature colour}}}</code> is not a valid temperature color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|temperature colour=pastel</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>temperature colour</code> parameter for the standard coloring.'''</span>|pastel|t=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/line |label=ອຸນຫະພູມສູງສຸດສະເລ່ຍ °{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|C|F}} {{#if:{{{single line|}}}|(°{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|F|C}})}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|1|2}} |alt={{#if:{{{single line|}}}|{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}}}} |sc={{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}} |f=1<!-- AVERAGE HIGH TEMPERATURES METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan high C|}}}|{{{Jan high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jan high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb high C|}}}|{{{Feb high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Feb high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar high C|}}}|{{{Mar high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Mar high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr high C|}}}|{{{Apr high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Apr high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May high C|}}}|{{{May high C}}}|{{#if:{{{May high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{May high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun high C|}}}|{{{Jun high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jun high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul high C|}}}|{{{Jul high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jul high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug high C|}}}|{{{Aug high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Aug high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep high C|}}}|{{{Sep high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Sep high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct high C|}}}|{{{Oct high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Oct high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov high C|}}}|{{{Nov high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Nov high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec high C|}}}|{{{Dec high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Dec high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year high C|}}}|{{{year high C}}}|{{#if:{{{year high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{year high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year high F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan high C|}}}|{{{Jan high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb high C|}}}|{{{Feb high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar high C|}}}|{{{Mar high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr high C|}}}|{{{Apr high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May high C|}}}|{{{May high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun high C|}}}|{{{Jun high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul high C|}}}|{{{Jul high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug high C|}}}|{{{Aug high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep high C|}}}|{{{Sep high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct high C|}}}|{{{Oct high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov high C|}}}|{{{Nov high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec high C|}}}|{{{Dec high C}}}|foo}})/12 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan high C}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: (({{#if:{{{Jan high F|}}}|{{{Jan high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb high F|}}}|{{{Feb high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar high F|}}}|{{{Mar high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr high F|}}}|{{{Apr high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May high F|}}}|{{{May high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun high F|}}}|{{{Jun high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul high F|}}}|{{{Jul high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug high F|}}}|{{{Aug high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep high F|}}}|{{{Sep high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct high F|}}}|{{{Oct high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov high F|}}}|{{{Nov high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec high F|}}}|{{{Dec high F}}}|foo}})/12-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan high F}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- AVERAGE HIGH TEMPERATURES IMPERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan high F|}}}|{{{Jan high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jan high C}}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb high F|}}}|{{{Feb high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Feb high C}}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar high F|}}}|{{{Mar high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Mar high C}}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr high F|}}}|{{{Apr high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Apr high C}}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May high F|}}}|{{{May high F}}}|{{#if:{{{May high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{May high C}}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun high F|}}}|{{{Jun high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jun high C}}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul high F|}}}|{{{Jul high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jul high C}}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug high F|}}}|{{{Aug high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Aug high C}}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep high F|}}}|{{{Sep high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Sep high C}}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct high F|}}}|{{{Oct high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Oct high C}}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov high F|}}}|{{{Nov high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Nov high C}}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec high F|}}}|{{{Dec high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Dec high C}}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year high F|}}}|{{{year high F}}}|{{#if:{{{year high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{year high C}}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan high F|}}}|{{{Jan high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb high F|}}}|{{{Feb high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar high F|}}}|{{{Mar high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr high F|}}}|{{{Apr high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May high F|}}}|{{{May high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun high F|}}}|{{{Jun high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul high F|}}}|{{{Jul high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug high F|}}}|{{{Aug high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep high F|}}}|{{{Sep high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct high F|}}}|{{{Oct high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov high F|}}}|{{{Nov high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec high F|}}}|{{{Dec high F}}}|foo}})/12 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan high F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan high C|}}}|{{{Jan high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb high C|}}}|{{{Feb high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar high C|}}}|{{{Mar high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr high C|}}}|{{{Apr high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May high C|}}}|{{{May high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun high C|}}}|{{{Jun high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul high C|}}}|{{{Jul high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug high C|}}}|{{{Aug high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep high C|}}}|{{{Sep high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct high C|}}}|{{{Oct high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov high C|}}}|{{{Nov high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec high C|}}}|{{{Dec high C}}}|foo}})/12*1.8+32 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan high C}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- FIRST LINE DAILY MEAN TEMPERATURES-->{{#if:{{{Jan mean C|}}}{{{Feb mean C|}}}{{{Mar mean C|}}}{{{Apr mean C|}}}{{{May mean C|}}}{{{Jun mean C|}}}{{{Jul mean C|}}}{{{Aug mean C|}}}{{{Sep mean C|}}}{{{Oct mean C|}}}{{{Nov mean C|}}}{{{Dec mean C|}}}{{{Jan mean F|}}}{{{Feb mean F|}}}{{{Mar mean F|}}}{{{Apr mean F|}}}{{{May mean F|}}}{{{Jun mean F|}}}{{{Jul mean F|}}}{{{Aug mean F|}}}{{{Sep mean F|}}}{{{Oct mean F|}}}{{{Nov mean F|}}}{{{Dec mean F|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{temperature colour}}}</code> is not a valid temperature color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|temperature colour=pastel</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>temperature colour</code> parameter for the standard coloring.'''</span>|pastel|t=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/line |label=ອຸນຫະພູມສະເລ່ຍໃນແຕ່ລະມື້ °{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|C|F}} {{#if:{{{single line|}}}|(°{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|F|C}})}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|1|2}} |alt={{#if:{{{single line|}}}|{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}}}} |sc={{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}} |f=1<!-- DAILY MEAN TEMPERATURES METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan mean C|}}}|{{{Jan mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jan mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb mean C|}}}|{{{Feb mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Feb mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar mean C|}}}|{{{Mar mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Mar mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr mean C|}}}|{{{Apr mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Apr mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May mean C|}}}|{{{May mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{May mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{May mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun mean C|}}}|{{{Jun mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jun mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul mean C|}}}|{{{Jul mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jul mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug mean C|}}}|{{{Aug mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Aug mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep mean C|}}}|{{{Sep mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Sep mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct mean C|}}}|{{{Oct mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Oct mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov mean C|}}}|{{{Nov mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Nov mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec mean C|}}}|{{{Dec mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Dec mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year mean C|}}}|{{{year mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{year mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{year mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year mean F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan mean C|}}}|{{{Jan mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb mean C|}}}|{{{Feb mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar mean C|}}}|{{{Mar mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr mean C|}}}|{{{Apr mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May mean C|}}}|{{{May mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun mean C|}}}|{{{Jun mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul mean C|}}}|{{{Jul mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug mean C|}}}|{{{Aug mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep mean C|}}}|{{{Sep mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct mean C|}}}|{{{Oct mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov mean C|}}}|{{{Nov mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec mean C|}}}|{{{Dec mean C}}}|foo}})/12 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan mean C}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: (({{#if:{{{Jan mean F|}}}|{{{Jan mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb mean F|}}}|{{{Feb mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar mean F|}}}|{{{Mar mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr mean F|}}}|{{{Apr mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May mean F|}}}|{{{May mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun mean F|}}}|{{{Jun mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul mean F|}}}|{{{Jul mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug mean F|}}}|{{{Aug mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep mean F|}}}|{{{Sep mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct mean F|}}}|{{{Oct mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov mean F|}}}|{{{Nov mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec mean F|}}}|{{{Dec mean F}}}|foo}})/12-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan mean F}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- DAILY MEAN TEMPERATURES IMPERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan mean F|}}}|{{{Jan mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jan mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb mean F|}}}|{{{Feb mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Feb mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar mean F|}}}|{{{Mar mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Mar mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr mean F|}}}|{{{Apr mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Apr mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May mean F|}}}|{{{May mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{May mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{May mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun mean F|}}}|{{{Jun mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jun mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul mean F|}}}|{{{Jul mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jul mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug mean F|}}}|{{{Aug mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Aug mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep mean F|}}}|{{{Sep mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Sep mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct mean F|}}}|{{{Oct mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Oct mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov mean F|}}}|{{{Nov mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Nov mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec mean F|}}}|{{{Dec mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Dec mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year mean F|}}}|{{{year mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{year mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{year mean C}}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan mean F|}}}|{{{Jan mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb mean F|}}}|{{{Feb mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar mean F|}}}|{{{Mar mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr mean F|}}}|{{{Apr mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May mean F|}}}|{{{May mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun mean F|}}}|{{{Jun mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul mean F|}}}|{{{Jul mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug mean F|}}}|{{{Aug mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep mean F|}}}|{{{Sep mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct mean F|}}}|{{{Oct mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov mean F|}}}|{{{Nov mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec mean F|}}}|{{{Dec mean F}}}|foo}})/12 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan mean F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan mean C|}}}|{{{Jan mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb mean C|}}}|{{{Feb mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar mean C|}}}|{{{Mar mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr mean C|}}}|{{{Apr mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May mean C|}}}|{{{May mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun mean C|}}}|{{{Jun mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul mean C|}}}|{{{Jul mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug mean C|}}}|{{{Aug mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep mean C|}}}|{{{Sep mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct mean C|}}}|{{{Oct mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov mean C|}}}|{{{Nov mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec mean C|}}}|{{{Dec mean C}}}|foo}})/12*1.8+32 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan mean C}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- FIRST LINE AVERAGE LOW TEMPERATURES-->{{#if:{{{Jan low C|}}}{{{Feb low C|}}}{{{Mar low C|}}}{{{Apr low C|}}}{{{May low C|}}}{{{Jun low C|}}}{{{Jul low C|}}}{{{Aug low C|}}}{{{Sep low C|}}}{{{Oct low C|}}}{{{Nov low C|}}}{{{Dec low C|}}}{{{Jan low F|}}}{{{Feb low F|}}}{{{Mar low F|}}}{{{Apr low F|}}}{{{May low F|}}}{{{Jun low F|}}}{{{Jul low F|}}}{{{Aug low F|}}}{{{Sep low F|}}}{{{Oct low F|}}}{{{Nov low F|}}}{{{Dec low F|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{temperature colour}}}</code> is not a valid temperature color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|temperature colour=pastel</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>temperature colour</code> parameter for the standard coloring.'''</span>|pastel|t=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/line |label=ອຸນຫະພູມຕໍ່າສຸດສະເລ່ຍ °{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|C|F}} {{#if:{{{single line|}}}|(°{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|F|C}})}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|1|2}} |alt={{#if:{{{single line|}}}|{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}}}} |sc={{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}} |f=1<!-- AVERAGE LOW TEMPERATURES METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan low C|}}}|{{{Jan low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jan low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb low C|}}}|{{{Feb low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Feb low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar low C|}}}|{{{Mar low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Mar low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr low C|}}}|{{{Apr low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Apr low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May low C|}}}|{{{May low C}}}|{{#if:{{{May low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{May low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun low C|}}}|{{{Jun low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jun low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul low C|}}}|{{{Jul low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jul low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug low C|}}}|{{{Aug low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Aug low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep low C|}}}|{{{Sep low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Sep low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct low C|}}}|{{{Oct low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Oct low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov low C|}}}|{{{Nov low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Nov low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec low C|}}}|{{{Dec low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Dec low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year low C|}}}|{{{year low C}}}|{{#if:{{{year low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{year low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year low F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan low C|}}}|{{{Jan low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb low C|}}}|{{{Feb low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar low C|}}}|{{{Mar low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr low C|}}}|{{{Apr low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May low C|}}}|{{{May low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun low C|}}}|{{{Jun low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul low C|}}}|{{{Jul low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug low C|}}}|{{{Aug low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep low C|}}}|{{{Sep low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct low C|}}}|{{{Oct low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov low C|}}}|{{{Nov low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec low C|}}}|{{{Dec low C}}}|foo}})/12 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan low C}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: (({{#if:{{{Jan low F|}}}|{{{Jan low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb low F|}}}|{{{Feb low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar low F|}}}|{{{Mar low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr low F|}}}|{{{Apr low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May low F|}}}|{{{May low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun low F|}}}|{{{Jun low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul low F|}}}|{{{Jul low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug low F|}}}|{{{Aug low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep low F|}}}|{{{Sep low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct low F|}}}|{{{Oct low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov low F|}}}|{{{Nov low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec low F|}}}|{{{Dec low F}}}|foo}})/12-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan low F}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- AVERAGE LOW TEMPERATURES IMPERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan low F|}}}|{{{Jan low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jan low C}}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb low F|}}}|{{{Feb low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Feb low C}}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar low F|}}}|{{{Mar low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Mar low C}}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr low F|}}}|{{{Apr low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Apr low C}}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May low F|}}}|{{{May low F}}}|{{#if:{{{May low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{May low C}}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun low F|}}}|{{{Jun low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jun low C}}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul low F|}}}|{{{Jul low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jul low C}}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug low F|}}}|{{{Aug low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Aug low C}}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep low F|}}}|{{{Sep low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Sep low C}}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct low F|}}}|{{{Oct low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Oct low C}}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov low F|}}}|{{{Nov low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Nov low C}}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec low F|}}}|{{{Dec low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Dec low C}}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year low F|}}}|{{{year low F}}}|{{#if:{{{year low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{year low C}}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan low F|}}}|{{{Jan low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb low F|}}}|{{{Feb low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar low F|}}}|{{{Mar low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr low F|}}}|{{{Apr low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May low F|}}}|{{{May low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun low F|}}}|{{{Jun low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul low F|}}}|{{{Jul low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug low F|}}}|{{{Aug low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep low F|}}}|{{{Sep low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct low F|}}}|{{{Oct low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov low F|}}}|{{{Nov low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec low F|}}}|{{{Dec low F}}}|foo}})/12 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan low F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan low C|}}}|{{{Jan low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb low C|}}}|{{{Feb low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar low C|}}}|{{{Mar low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr low C|}}}|{{{Apr low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May low C|}}}|{{{May low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun low C|}}}|{{{Jun low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul low C|}}}|{{{Jul low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug low C|}}}|{{{Aug low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep low C|}}}|{{{Sep low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct low C|}}}|{{{Oct low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov low C|}}}|{{{Nov low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec low C|}}}|{{{Dec low C}}}|foo}})/12*1.8+32 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan low C}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- FIRST LINE RECORD LOW TEMPERATURES-->{{#if:{{{Jan record low C|}}}{{{Feb record low C|}}}{{{Mar record low C|}}}{{{Apr record low C|}}}{{{May record low C|}}}{{{Jun record low C|}}}{{{Jul record low C|}}}{{{Aug record low C|}}}{{{Sep record low C|}}}{{{Oct record low C|}}}{{{Nov record low C|}}}{{{Dec record low C|}}}{{{Jan record low F|}}}{{{Feb record low F|}}}{{{Mar record low F|}}}{{{Apr record low F|}}}{{{May record low F|}}}{{{Jun record low F|}}}{{{Jul record low F|}}}{{{Aug record low F|}}}{{{Sep record low F|}}}{{{Oct record low F|}}}{{{Nov record low F|}}}{{{Dec record low F|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{temperature colour}}}</code> is not a valid temperature color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|temperature colour=pastel</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>temperature colour</code> parameter for the standard coloring.'''</span>|pastel|t=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/line |label=ອຸນຫະພູມຕໍ່າສຸດທີ່ເຄີຍບັນທຶກ °{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|C|F}} {{#if:{{{single line|}}}|(°{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|F|C}})}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|1|2}} |alt={{#if:{{{single line|}}}|{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}}}} |sc={{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}} |f=1<!-- RECORD LOW TEMPERATURES METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan record low C|}}}|{{{Jan record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jan record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb record low C|}}}|{{{Feb record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Feb record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar record low C|}}}|{{{Mar record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Mar record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr record low C|}}}|{{{Apr record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Apr record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May record low C|}}}|{{{May record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{May record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{May record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun record low C|}}}|{{{Jun record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jun record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul record low C|}}}|{{{Jul record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jul record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug record low C|}}}|{{{Aug record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Aug record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep record low C|}}}|{{{Sep record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Sep record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct record low C|}}}|{{{Oct record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Oct record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov record low C|}}}|{{{Nov record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Nov record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec record low C|}}}|{{{Dec record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Dec record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year record low C|}}}|{{{year record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{year record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{year record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year record low F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{Min/27|{{{Jan record low C|}}}|{{{Feb record low C|}}}|{{{Mar record low C|}}}|{{{Apr record low C|}}}|{{{May record low C|}}}|{{{Jun record low C|}}}|{{{Jul record low C|}}}|{{{Aug record low C|}}}|{{{Sep record low C|}}}|{{{Oct record low C|}}}|{{{Nov record low C|}}}|{{{Dec record low C|}}}|{{#expr:({{Min/27|{{#if:{{{Jan record low F|}}}|{{{Jan record low F}}}|100}}|{{{Feb record low F|}}}|{{{Mar record low F|}}}|{{{Apr record low F|}}}|{{{May record low F|}}}|{{{Jun record low F|}}}|{{{Jul record low F|}}}|{{{Aug record low F|}}}|{{{Sep record low F|}}}|{{{Oct record low F|}}}|{{{Nov record low F|}}}|{{{Dec record low F|}}}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{#if:{{{Jan record low F|}}}|{{{Jan record low F}}}|1}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- RECORD LOW TEMPERATURES IMPERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan record low F|}}}|{{{Jan record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jan record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb record low F|}}}|{{{Feb record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Feb record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar record low F|}}}|{{{Mar record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Mar record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr record low F|}}}|{{{Apr record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Apr record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May record low F|}}}|{{{May record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{May record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{May record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun record low F|}}}|{{{Jun record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jun record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul record low F|}}}|{{{Jul record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jul record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug record low F|}}}|{{{Aug record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Aug record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep record low F|}}}|{{{Sep record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Sep record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct record low F|}}}|{{{Oct record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Oct record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov record low F|}}}|{{{Nov record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Nov record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec record low F|}}}|{{{Dec record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Dec record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year record low F|}}}|{{{year record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{year record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{year record low C}}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{Min/27|{{{Jan record low F|}}}|{{{Feb record low F|}}}|{{{Mar record low F|}}}|{{{Apr record low F|}}}|{{{May record low F|}}}|{{{Jun record low F|}}}|{{{Jul record low F|}}}|{{{Aug record low F|}}}|{{{Sep record low F|}}}|{{{Oct record low F|}}}|{{{Nov record low F|}}}|{{{Dec record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{Min/27|{{#if:{{{Jan record low C|}}}|{{{Jan record low C}}}|38}}|{{{Feb record low C|}}}|{{{Mar record low C|}}}|{{{Apr record low C|}}}|{{{May record low C|}}}|{{{Jun record low C|}}}|{{{Jul record low C|}}}|{{{Aug record low C|}}}|{{{Sep record low C|}}}|{{{Oct record low C|}}}|{{{Nov record low C|}}}|{{{Dec record low C|}}}}})*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{#if:{{{Jan record low C|}}}|{{{Jan record low C}}}|1}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- FIRST LINE MINIMUM WIND CHILL-->{{#if:{{{Jan chill|}}}{{{Feb chill|}}}{{{Mar chill|}}}{{{Apr chill|}}}{{{May chill|}}}{{{Jun chill|}}}{{{Jul chill|}}}{{{Aug chill|}}}{{{Sep chill|}}}{{{Oct chill|}}}{{{Nov chill|}}}{{{Dec chill|}}}|{{#if:{{{single line|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{temperature colour}}}</code> is not a valid temperature color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|temperature colour=pastel</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>temperature colour</code> parameter for the standard coloring.'''</span>|pastel|t=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/oneline |label=[[Wind chill]] |show=1 |sc={{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}} |f=1 |jan1={{{Jan chill|}}} |feb1={{{Feb chill|}}} |mar1={{{Mar chill|}}} |apr1={{{Apr chill|}}} |may1={{{May chill|}}} |jun1={{{Jun chill|}}} |jul1={{{Jul chill|}}} |aug1={{{Aug chill|}}} |sep1={{{Sep chill|}}} |oct1={{{Oct chill|}}} |nov1={{{Nov chill|}}} |dec1={{{Dec chill|}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year chill|}}}|{{{year chill}}}|{{#iferror:{{Min/27|{{{Jan chill|}}}|{{{Feb chill|}}}|{{{Mar chill|}}}|{{{Apr chill|}}}|{{{May chill|}}}|{{{Jun chill|}}}|{{{Jul chill|}}}|{{{Aug chill|}}}|{{{Sep chill|}}}|{{{Oct chill|}}}|{{{Nov chill|}}}|{{{Dec chill|}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}|{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{temperature colour}}}</code> is not a valid temperature color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|temperature colour=pastel</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>temperature colour</code> parameter for the standard coloring.'''</span>|pastel|t=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/oneline |label=[[Wind chill]] |show=1 |sc={{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}} |f=1 |jan1={{{Jan chill|}}} |feb1={{{Feb chill|}}} |mar1={{{Mar chill|}}} |apr1={{{Apr chill|}}} |may1={{{May chill|}}} |jun1={{{Jun chill|}}} |jul1={{{Jul chill|}}} |aug1={{{Aug chill|}}} |sep1={{{Sep chill|}}} |oct1={{{Oct chill|}}} |nov1={{{Nov chill|}}} |dec1={{{Dec chill|}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year chill|}}}|{{{year chill}}}|{{#iferror:{{Min/27|{{{Jan chill|}}}|{{{Feb chill|}}}|{{{Mar chill|}}}|{{{Apr chill|}}}|{{{May chill|}}}|{{{Jun chill|}}}|{{{Jul chill|}}}|{{{Aug chill|}}}|{{{Sep chill|}}}|{{{Oct chill|}}}|{{{Nov chill|}}}|{{{Dec chill|}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}}}}}<!-- FIRST LINE TOTAL PRECIPITATION-->{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation cm|}}}{{{Feb precipitation cm|}}}{{{Mar precipitation cm|}}}{{{Apr precipitation cm|}}}{{{May precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jun precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jul precipitation cm|}}}{{{Aug precipitation cm|}}}{{{Sep precipitation cm|}}}{{{Oct precipitation cm|}}}{{{Nov precipitation cm|}}}{{{Dec precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jan precipitation mm|}}}{{{Feb precipitation mm|}}}{{{Mar precipitation mm|}}}{{{Apr precipitation mm|}}}{{{May precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jun precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jul precipitation mm|}}}{{{Aug precipitation mm|}}}{{{Sep precipitation mm|}}}{{{Oct precipitation mm|}}}{{{Nov precipitation mm|}}}{{{Dec precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jan precipitation inch|}}}{{{Feb precipitation inch|}}}{{{Mar precipitation inch|}}}{{{Apr precipitation inch|}}}{{{May precipitation inch|}}}{{{Jun precipitation inch|}}}{{{Jul precipitation inch|}}}{{{Aug precipitation inch|}}}{{{Sep precipitation inch|}}}{{{Oct precipitation inch|}}}{{{Nov precipitation inch|}}}{{{Dec precipitation inch|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{precipitation colour|}}}|{{{precipitation colour}}}|p}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{precipitation colour}}}</code> is not a valid precipitation color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|precipitation colour=green</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>precipitation colour</code> parameter for the standard blue coloring.'''</span>|green|p=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/line/date |label=[[ຢາດນໍ້າຟ້າ]] {{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation cm|}}}{{{Feb precipitation cm|}}}{{{Mar precipitation cm|}}}{{{Apr precipitation cm|}}}{{{May precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jun precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jul precipitation cm|}}}{{{Aug precipitation cm|}}}{{{Sep precipitation cm|}}}{{{Oct precipitation cm|}}}{{{Nov precipitation cm|}}}{{{Dec precipitation cm|}}}|ຊ|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation mm|}}}{{{Feb precipitation mm|}}}{{{Mar precipitation mm|}}}{{{Apr precipitation mm|}}}{{{May precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jun precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jul precipitation mm|}}}{{{Aug precipitation mm|}}}{{{Sep precipitation mm|}}}{{{Oct precipitation mm|}}}{{{Nov precipitation mm|}}}{{{Dec precipitation mm|}}}|ม|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch|}}}}}<1|ຊ|ມ}}}}}}ມ|ນິ້ວ}} {{#if:{{{single line|}}}|({{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|ນິ້ວ|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation cm|}}}{{{Feb precipitation cm|}}}{{{Mar precipitation cm|}}}{{{Apr precipitation cm|}}}{{{May precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jun precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jul precipitation cm|}}}{{{Aug precipitation cm|}}}{{{Sep precipitation cm|}}}{{{Oct precipitation cm|}}}{{{Nov precipitation cm|}}}{{{Dec precipitation cm|}}}|ຊ|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation mm|}}}{{{Feb precipitation mm|}}}{{{Mar precipitation mm|}}}{{{Apr precipitation mm|}}}{{{May precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jun precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jul precipitation mm|}}}{{{Aug precipitation mm|}}}{{{Sep precipitation mm|}}}{{{Oct precipitation mm|}}}{{{Nov precipitation mm|}}}{{{Dec precipitation mm|}}}|ມ|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch|}}}}}<1|ຊ|ມ}}}}}}ມ}})}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|1|2}} |alt={{#if:{{{single line|}}}|{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}}}} |sc={{#if:{{{precipitation colour|}}}|{{{precipitation colour}}}|p}} |f={{#if:{{{Jan precipitation cm|}}}{{{Feb precipitation cm|}}}{{{Mar precipitation cm|}}}{{{Apr precipitation cm|}}}{{{May precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jun precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jul precipitation cm|}}}{{{Aug precipitation cm|}}}{{{Sep precipitation cm|}}}{{{Oct precipitation cm|}}}{{{Nov precipitation cm|}}}{{{Dec precipitation cm|}}}|10|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation mm|}}}{{{Feb precipitation mm|}}}{{{Mar precipitation mm|}}}{{{Apr precipitation mm|}}}{{{May precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jun precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jul precipitation mm|}}}{{{Aug precipitation mm|}}}{{{Sep precipitation mm|}}}{{{Oct precipitation mm|}}}{{{Nov precipitation mm|}}}{{{Dec precipitation mm|}}}|1|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch|}}}}}<1|10|1}}}}}}<!-- TOTAL PRECIPITATION METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Feb precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Mar precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Apr precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May precipitation cm|}}}|{{{May precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{May precipitation mm|}}}|{{{May precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{May precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{May precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{May precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{May precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Jun precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Jul precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Aug precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Sep precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Oct precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Nov precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Dec precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year precipitation cm|}}}|{{{year precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{year precipitation mm|}}}|{{{year precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{year precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{year precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{year precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{year precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May precipitation cm|}}}|{{{May precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation cm}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May precipitation mm|}}}|{{{May precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation mm}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May precipitation inch|}}}|{{{May precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation inch}}}|foo}}){{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|*2.54 round 0|*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- TOTAL PRECIPITATION IMPERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May precipitation inch|}}}|{{{May precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{May precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{May precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year precipitation inch|}}}|{{{year precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{year precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{year precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May precipitation inch|}}}|{{{May precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation inch}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May precipitation cm|}}}|{{{May precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation cm}}}|foo}})/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May precipitation mm|}}}|{{{May precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation mm}}}|foo}})/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- FIRST LINE RAINFALL-->{{#if:{{{Jan rain cm|}}}{{{Feb rain cm|}}}{{{Mar rain cm|}}}{{{Apr rain cm|}}}{{{May rain cm|}}}{{{Jun rain cm|}}}{{{Jul rain cm|}}}{{{Aug rain cm|}}}{{{Sep rain cm|}}}{{{Oct rain cm|}}}{{{Nov rain cm|}}}{{{Dec rain cm|}}}{{{Jan rain mm|}}}{{{Feb rain mm|}}}{{{Mar rain mm|}}}{{{Apr rain mm|}}}{{{May rain mm|}}}{{{Jun rain mm|}}}{{{Jul rain mm|}}}{{{Aug rain mm|}}}{{{Sep rain mm|}}}{{{Oct rain mm|}}}{{{Nov rain mm|}}}{{{Dec rain mm|}}}{{{Jan rain inch|}}}{{{Feb rain inch|}}}{{{Mar rain inch|}}}{{{Apr rain inch|}}}{{{May rain inch|}}}{{{Jun rain inch|}}}{{{Jul rain inch|}}}{{{Aug rain inch|}}}{{{Sep rain inch|}}}{{{Oct rain inch|}}}{{{Nov rain inch|}}}{{{Dec rain inch|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{rain colour|}}}|{{{rain colour}}}|p}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{rain colour}}}</code> is not a valid rain color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|rain colour=green</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>rain colour</code> parameter for the standard blue coloring.'''</span>|green|p=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/line/date |label=ປະລິມານຝົນ {{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan rain cm|}}}{{{Feb rain cm|}}}{{{Mar rain cm|}}}{{{Apr rain cm|}}}{{{May rain cm|}}}{{{Jun rain cm|}}}{{{Jul rain cm|}}}{{{Aug rain cm|}}}{{{Sep rain cm|}}}{{{Oct rain cm|}}}{{{Nov rain cm|}}}{{{Dec rain cm|}}}|ຊ|{{#if:{{{Jan rain mm|}}}{{{Feb rain mm|}}}{{{Mar rain mm|}}}{{{Apr rain mm|}}}{{{May rain mm|}}}{{{Jun rain mm|}}}{{{Jul rain mm|}}}{{{Aug rain mm|}}}{{{Sep rain mm|}}}{{{Oct rain mm|}}}{{{Nov rain mm|}}}{{{Dec rain mm|}}}|ມ|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch|}}}}}<1|c|m}}}}}}ມ|ນິ້ວ}} {{#if:{{{single line|}}}|({{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|ນິ້ວ|{{#if:{{{Jan rain cm|}}}{{{Feb rain cm|}}}{{{Mar rain cm|}}}{{{Apr rain cm|}}}{{{May rain cm|}}}{{{Jun rain cm|}}}{{{Jul rain cm|}}}{{{Aug rain cm|}}}{{{Sep rain cm|}}}{{{Oct rain cm|}}}{{{Nov rain cm|}}}{{{Dec rain cm|}}}|c|{{#if:{{{Jan rain mm|}}}{{{Feb rain mm|}}}{{{Mar rain mm|}}}{{{Apr rain mm|}}}{{{May rain mm|}}}{{{Jun rain mm|}}}{{{Jul rain mm|}}}{{{Aug rain mm|}}}{{{Sep rain mm|}}}{{{Oct rain mm|}}}{{{Nov rain mm|}}}{{{Dec rain mm|}}}|ม|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch|}}}}}<1|ຊ|ມ}}}}}}ມ}})}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|1|2}} |alt={{#if:{{{single line|}}}|{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}}}} |sc= {{#if:{{{rain colour|}}}|{{{rain colour}}}|p}} |f={{#if:{{{Jan rain cm|}}}{{{Feb rain cm|}}}{{{Mar rain cm|}}}{{{Apr rain cm|}}}{{{May rain cm|}}}{{{Jun rain cm|}}}{{{Jul rain cm|}}}{{{Aug rain cm|}}}{{{Sep rain cm|}}}{{{Oct rain cm|}}}{{{Nov rain cm|}}}{{{Dec rain cm|}}}|10|{{#if:{{{Jan rain mm|}}}{{{Feb rain mm|}}}{{{Mar rain mm|}}}{{{Apr rain mm|}}}{{{May rain mm|}}}{{{Jun rain mm|}}}{{{Jul rain mm|}}}{{{Aug rain mm|}}}{{{Sep rain mm|}}}{{{Oct rain mm|}}}{{{Nov rain mm|}}}{{{Dec rain mm|}}}|1|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch|}}}}}<1|10|1}}}}}}<!-- RAINFALL METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan rain cm|}}}|{{{Jan rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan rain mm|}}}|{{{Jan rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Jan rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb rain cm|}}}|{{{Feb rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb rain mm|}}}|{{{Feb rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Feb rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar rain cm|}}}|{{{Mar rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar rain mm|}}}|{{{Mar rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Mar rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr rain cm|}}}|{{{Apr rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr rain mm|}}}|{{{Apr rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Apr rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May rain cm|}}}|{{{May rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{May rain mm|}}}|{{{May rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{May rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{May rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{May rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{May rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun rain cm|}}}|{{{Jun rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun rain mm|}}}|{{{Jun rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Jun rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul rain cm|}}}|{{{Jul rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul rain mm|}}}|{{{Jul rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Jul rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug rain cm|}}}|{{{Aug rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug rain mm|}}}|{{{Aug rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Aug rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep rain cm|}}}|{{{Sep rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep rain mm|}}}|{{{Sep rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Sep rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct rain cm|}}}|{{{Oct rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct rain mm|}}}|{{{Oct rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Oct rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov rain cm|}}}|{{{Nov rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov rain mm|}}}|{{{Nov rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Nov rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec rain cm|}}}|{{{Dec rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec rain mm|}}}|{{{Dec rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Dec rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year rain cm|}}}|{{{year rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{year rain mm|}}}|{{{year rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{year rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{year rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{year rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{year rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan rain cm|}}}|{{{Jan rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb rain cm|}}}|{{{Feb rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar rain cm|}}}|{{{Mar rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr rain cm|}}}|{{{Apr rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May rain cm|}}}|{{{May rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun rain cm|}}}|{{{Jun rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul rain cm|}}}|{{{Jul rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug rain cm|}}}|{{{Aug rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep rain cm|}}}|{{{Sep rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct rain cm|}}}|{{{Oct rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov rain cm|}}}|{{{Nov rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec rain cm|}}}|{{{Dec rain cm}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan rain mm|}}}|{{{Jan rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb rain mm|}}}|{{{Feb rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar rain mm|}}}|{{{Mar rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr rain mm|}}}|{{{Apr rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May rain mm|}}}|{{{May rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun rain mm|}}}|{{{Jun rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul rain mm|}}}|{{{Jul rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug rain mm|}}}|{{{Aug rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep rain mm|}}}|{{{Sep rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct rain mm|}}}|{{{Oct rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov rain mm|}}}|{{{Nov rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec rain mm|}}}|{{{Dec rain mm}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan rain inch|}}}|{{{Jan rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb rain inch|}}}|{{{Feb rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar rain inch|}}}|{{{Mar rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr rain inch|}}}|{{{Apr rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May rain inch|}}}|{{{May rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun rain inch|}}}|{{{Jun rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul rain inch|}}}|{{{Jul rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug rain inch|}}}|{{{Aug rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep rain inch|}}}|{{{Sep rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct rain inch|}}}|{{{Oct rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov rain inch|}}}|{{{Nov rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec rain inch|}}}|{{{Dec rain inch}}}|foo}}){{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|*2.54 round 0|*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- RAINFALL IMPERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan rain inch|}}}|{{{Jan rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb rain inch|}}}|{{{Feb rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar rain inch|}}}|{{{Mar rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr rain inch|}}}|{{{Apr rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May rain inch|}}}|{{{May rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{May rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{May rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun rain inch|}}}|{{{Jun rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul rain inch|}}}|{{{Jul rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug rain inch|}}}|{{{Aug rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep rain inch|}}}|{{{Sep rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct rain inch|}}}|{{{Oct rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov rain inch|}}}|{{{Nov rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec rain inch|}}}|{{{Dec rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year rain inch|}}}|{{{year rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{year rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{year rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan rain inch|}}}|{{{Jan rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb rain inch|}}}|{{{Feb rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar rain inch|}}}|{{{Mar rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr rain inch|}}}|{{{Apr rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May rain inch|}}}|{{{May rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun rain inch|}}}|{{{Jun rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul rain inch|}}}|{{{Jul rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug rain inch|}}}|{{{Aug rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep rain inch|}}}|{{{Sep rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct rain inch|}}}|{{{Oct rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov rain inch|}}}|{{{Nov rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec rain inch|}}}|{{{Dec rain inch}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan rain cm|}}}|{{{Jan rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb rain cm|}}}|{{{Feb rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar rain cm|}}}|{{{Mar rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr rain cm|}}}|{{{Apr rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May rain cm|}}}|{{{May rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun rain cm|}}}|{{{Jun rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul rain cm|}}}|{{{Jul rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug rain cm|}}}|{{{Aug rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep rain cm|}}}|{{{Sep rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct rain cm|}}}|{{{Oct rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov rain cm|}}}|{{{Nov rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec rain cm|}}}|{{{Dec rain cm}}}|foo}})/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan rain mm|}}}|{{{Jan rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb rain mm|}}}|{{{Feb rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar rain mm|}}}|{{{Mar rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr rain mm|}}}|{{{Apr rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May rain mm|}}}|{{{May rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun rain mm|}}}|{{{Jun rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul rain mm|}}}|{{{Jul rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug rain mm|}}}|{{{Aug rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep rain mm|}}}|{{{Sep rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct rain mm|}}}|{{{Oct rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov rain mm|}}}|{{{Nov rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec rain mm|}}}|{{{Dec rain mm}}}|foo}})/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- FIRST LINE SNOWFALL-->{{#if:{{{Jan snow cm|}}}{{{Feb snow cm|}}}{{{Mar snow cm|}}}{{{Apr snow cm|}}}{{{May snow cm|}}}{{{Jun snow cm|}}}{{{Jul snow cm|}}}{{{Aug snow cm|}}}{{{Sep snow cm|}}}{{{Oct snow cm|}}}{{{Nov snow cm|}}}{{{Dec snow cm|}}}{{{Jan snow mm|}}}{{{Feb snow mm|}}}{{{Mar snow mm|}}}{{{Apr snow mm|}}}{{{May snow mm|}}}{{{Jun snow mm|}}}{{{Jul snow mm|}}}{{{Aug snow mm|}}}{{{Sep snow mm|}}}{{{Oct snow mm|}}}{{{Nov snow mm|}}}{{{Dec snow mm|}}}{{{Jan snow inch|}}}{{{Feb snow inch|}}}{{{Mar snow inch|}}}{{{Apr snow inch|}}}{{{May snow inch|}}}{{{Jun snow inch|}}}{{{Jul snow inch|}}}{{{Aug snow inch|}}}{{{Sep snow inch|}}}{{{Oct snow inch|}}}{{{Nov snow inch|}}}{{{Dec snow inch|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{snow colour|}}}|{{{snow colour}}}|p}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{snow colour}}}</code> is not a valid snow color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|snow colour=green</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>snow colour</code> parameter for the standard blue coloring.'''</span>|green|p=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/line/date |label=ປະລິມານຫິມະ {{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan snow mm|}}}{{{Feb snow mm|}}}{{{Mar snow mm|}}}{{{Apr snow mm|}}}{{{May snow mm|}}}{{{Jun snow mm|}}}{{{Jul snow mm|}}}{{{Aug snow mm|}}}{{{Sep snow mm|}}}{{{Oct snow mm|}}}{{{Nov snow mm|}}}{{{Dec snow mm|}}}|ມ|ຊ}}ມ|ນິ້ວ}} {{#if:{{{single line|}}}|({{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|ນິ້ວ|{{#if:{{{Jan snow mm|}}}{{{Feb snow mm|}}}{{{Mar snow mm|}}}{{{Apr snow mm|}}}{{{May snow mm|}}}{{{Jun snow mm|}}}{{{Jul snow mm|}}}{{{Aug snow mm|}}}{{{Sep snow mm|}}}{{{Oct snow mm|}}}{{{Nov snow mm|}}}{{{Dec snow mm|}}}|ມ|ຊ}}ມ}})}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|1|2}} |alt={{#if:{{{single line|}}}|{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}}}} |sc={{#if:{{{snow colour|}}}|{{{snow colour}}}|p}} |f={{#if:{{{Jan snow mm|}}}{{{Feb snow mm|}}}{{{Mar snow mm|}}}{{{Apr snow mm|}}}{{{May snow mm|}}}{{{Jun snow mm|}}}{{{Jul snow mm|}}}{{{Aug snow mm|}}}{{{Sep snow mm|}}}{{{Oct snow mm|}}}{{{Nov snow mm|}}}{{{Dec snow mm|}}}|1|10}}<!-- SNOWFALL METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan snow mm|}}}|{{{Jan snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan snow cm|}}}|{{{Jan snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb snow mm|}}}|{{{Feb snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb snow cm|}}}|{{{Feb snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar snow mm|}}}|{{{Mar snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar snow cm|}}}|{{{Mar snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr snow mm|}}}|{{{Apr snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr snow cm|}}}|{{{Apr snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May snow mm|}}}|{{{May snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{May snow cm|}}}|{{{May snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{May snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun snow mm|}}}|{{{Jun snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun snow cm|}}}|{{{Jun snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul snow mm|}}}|{{{Jul snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul snow cm|}}}|{{{Jul snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug snow mm|}}}|{{{Aug snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug snow cm|}}}|{{{Aug snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep snow mm|}}}|{{{Sep snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep snow cm|}}}|{{{Sep snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct snow mm|}}}|{{{Oct snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct snow cm|}}}|{{{Oct snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov snow mm|}}}|{{{Nov snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov snow cm|}}}|{{{Nov snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec snow mm|}}}|{{{Dec snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec snow cm|}}}|{{{Dec snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year snow mm|}}}|{{{year snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{year snow cm|}}}|{{{year snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{year snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year snow inch}}}}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan snow cm|}}}|{{{Jan snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb snow cm|}}}|{{{Feb snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar snow cm|}}}|{{{Mar snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr snow cm|}}}|{{{Apr snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May snow cm|}}}|{{{May snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun snow cm|}}}|{{{Jun snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul snow cm|}}}|{{{Jul snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug snow cm|}}}|{{{Aug snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep snow cm|}}}|{{{Sep snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct snow cm|}}}|{{{Oct snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov snow cm|}}}|{{{Nov snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec snow cm|}}}|{{{Dec snow cm}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan snow mm|}}}|{{{Jan snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb snow mm|}}}|{{{Feb snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar snow mm|}}}|{{{Mar snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr snow mm|}}}|{{{Apr snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May snow mm|}}}|{{{May snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun snow mm|}}}|{{{Jun snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul snow mm|}}}|{{{Jul snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug snow mm|}}}|{{{Aug snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep snow mm|}}}|{{{Sep snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct snow mm|}}}|{{{Oct snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov snow mm|}}}|{{{Nov snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec snow mm|}}}|{{{Dec snow mm}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan snow inch|}}}|{{{Jan snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb snow inch|}}}|{{{Feb snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar snow inch|}}}|{{{Mar snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr snow inch|}}}|{{{Apr snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May snow inch|}}}|{{{May snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun snow inch|}}}|{{{Jun snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul snow inch|}}}|{{{Jul snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug snow inch|}}}|{{{Aug snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep snow inch|}}}|{{{Sep snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct snow inch|}}}|{{{Oct snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov snow inch|}}}|{{{Nov snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec snow inch|}}}|{{{Dec snow inch}}}|foo}})*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- SNOWFALL IMPERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan snow inch|}}}|{{{Jan snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb snow inch|}}}|{{{Feb snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar snow inch|}}}|{{{Mar snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr snow inch|}}}|{{{Apr snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May snow inch|}}}|{{{May snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{May snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{May snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun snow inch|}}}|{{{Jun snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul snow inch|}}}|{{{Jul snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug snow inch|}}}|{{{Aug snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep snow inch|}}}|{{{Sep snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct snow inch|}}}|{{{Oct snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov snow inch|}}}|{{{Nov snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec snow inch|}}}|{{{Dec snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year snow inch|}}}|{{{year snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{year snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{year snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan snow inch|}}}|{{{Jan snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb snow inch|}}}|{{{Feb snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar snow inch|}}}|{{{Mar snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr snow inch|}}}|{{{Apr snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May snow inch|}}}|{{{May snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun snow inch|}}}|{{{Jun snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul snow inch|}}}|{{{Jul snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug snow inch|}}}|{{{Aug snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep snow inch|}}}|{{{Sep snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct snow inch|}}}|{{{Oct snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov snow inch|}}}|{{{Nov snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec snow inch|}}}|{{{Dec snow inch}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan snow mm|}}}|{{{Jan snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb snow mm|}}}|{{{Feb snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar snow mm|}}}|{{{Mar snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr snow mm|}}}|{{{Apr snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May snow mm|}}}|{{{May snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun snow mm|}}}|{{{Jun snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul snow mm|}}}|{{{Jul snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug snow mm|}}}|{{{Aug snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep snow mm|}}}|{{{Sep snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct snow mm|}}}|{{{Oct snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov snow mm|}}}|{{{Nov snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec snow mm|}}}|{{{Dec snow mm}}}|foo}})/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan snow cm|}}}|{{{Jan snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb snow cm|}}}|{{{Feb snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar snow cm|}}}|{{{Mar snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr snow cm|}}}|{{{Apr snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May snow cm|}}}|{{{May snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun snow cm|}}}|{{{Jun snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul snow cm|}}}|{{{Jul snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug snow cm|}}}|{{{Aug snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep snow cm|}}}|{{{Sep snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct snow cm|}}}|{{{Oct snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov snow cm|}}}|{{{Nov snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec snow cm|}}}|{{{Dec snow cm}}}|foo}})/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{single line|}}}||<!-- SECOND LINE MAXIMUM HUMIDEX-->{{#if:{{{Jan maximum humidex|}}}{{{Feb maximum humidex|}}}{{{Mar maximum humidex|}}}{{{Apr maximum humidex|}}}{{{May maximum humidex|}}}{{{Jun maximum humidex|}}}{{{Jul maximum humidex|}}}{{{Aug maximum humidex|}}}{{{Sep maximum humidex|}}}{{{Oct maximum humidex|}}}{{{Nov maximum humidex|}}}{{{Dec maximum humidex|}}}|{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}||{{#switch:{{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{temperature colour}}}</code> is not a valid temperature color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|temperature colour=pastel</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>temperature colour</code> parameter for the standard coloring.'''</span>|pastel|t=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/oneline |label=[[Humidex]] |show=1 |sc={{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}} |f=1<!-- MAXIMUM HUMIDEX VALUES--> |jan1={{{Jan maximum humidex|}}} |feb1={{{Feb maximum humidex|}}} |mar1={{{Mar maximum humidex|}}} |apr1={{{Apr maximum humidex|}}} |may1={{{May maximum humidex|}}} |jun1={{{Jun maximum humidex|}}} |jul1={{{Jul maximum humidex|}}} |aug1={{{Aug maximum humidex|}}} |sep1={{{Sep maximum humidex|}}} |oct1={{{Oct maximum humidex|}}} |nov1={{{Nov maximum humidex|}}} |dec1={{{Dec maximum humidex|}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year maximum humidex|}}}|{{{year maximum humidex}}}|{{#iferror:{{Max/27|{{{Jan maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Feb maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Mar maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Apr maximum humidex|}}}|{{{May maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Jun maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Jul maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Aug maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Sep maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Oct maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Nov maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Dec maximum humidex|}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}}}<!-- SECOND LINE RECORD HIGH TEMPERATURES-->{{#if:{{{Jan record high C|}}}{{{Feb record high C|}}}{{{Mar record high C|}}}{{{Apr record high C|}}}{{{May record high C|}}}{{{Jun record high C|}}}{{{Jul record high C|}}}{{{Aug record high C|}}}{{{Sep record high C|}}}{{{Oct record high C|}}}{{{Nov record high C|}}}{{{Dec record high C|}}}{{{Jan record high F|}}}{{{Feb record high F|}}}{{{Mar record high F|}}}{{{Apr record high F|}}}{{{May record high F|}}}{{{Jun record high F|}}}{{{Jul record high F|}}}{{{Aug record high F|}}}{{{Sep record high F|}}}{{{Oct record high F|}}}{{{Nov record high F|}}}{{{Dec record high F|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{temperature colour}}}</code> is not a valid temperature color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|temperature colour=pastel</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>temperature colour</code> parameter for the standard coloring.'''</span>|pastel|t=<nowiki /> {{Infobox weather/line |label=Record high °{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|F|C}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}} |alt= |sc={{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}} |f=1<!-- RECORD HIGH TEMPERATURES METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan record high C|}}}|{{{Jan record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jan record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb record high C|}}}|{{{Feb record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Feb record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar record high C|}}}|{{{Mar record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Mar record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr record high C|}}}|{{{Apr record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Apr record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May record high C|}}}|{{{May record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{May record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{May record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun record high C|}}}|{{{Jun record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jun record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul record high C|}}}|{{{Jul record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jul record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug record high C|}}}|{{{Aug record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Aug record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep record high C|}}}|{{{Sep record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Sep record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct record high C|}}}|{{{Oct record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Oct record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov record high C|}}}|{{{Nov record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Nov record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec record high C|}}}|{{{Dec record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Dec record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year record high C|}}}|{{{year record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{year record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{year record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year record high F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{Max/27|{{{Jan record high C|}}}|{{{Feb record high C|}}}|{{{Mar record high C|}}}|{{{Apr record high C|}}}|{{{May record high C|}}}|{{{Jun record high C|}}}|{{{Jul record high C|}}}|{{{Aug record high C|}}}|{{{Sep record high C|}}}|{{{Oct record high C|}}}|{{{Nov record high C|}}}|{{{Dec record high C|}}}|{{#expr:({{Max/27|{{#if:{{{Jan record high F|}}}|{{{Jan record high F}}}|-40}}|{{{Feb record high F|}}}|{{{Mar record high F|}}}|{{{Apr record high F|}}}|{{{May record high F|}}}|{{{Jun record high F|}}}|{{{Jul record high F|}}}|{{{Aug record high F|}}}|{{{Sep record high F|}}}|{{{Oct record high F|}}}|{{{Nov record high F|}}}|{{{Dec record high F|}}}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{#if:{{{Jan record high F|}}}|{{{Jan record high F}}}|1}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- RECORD HIGH TEMPERATURES IMPERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan record high F|}}}|{{{Jan record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jan record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb record high F|}}}|{{{Feb record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Feb record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar record high F|}}}|{{{Mar record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Mar record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr record high F|}}}|{{{Apr record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Apr record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May record high F|}}}|{{{May record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{May record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{May record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun record high F|}}}|{{{Jun record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jun record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul record high F|}}}|{{{Jul record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jul record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug record high F|}}}|{{{Aug record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Aug record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep record high F|}}}|{{{Sep record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Sep record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct record high F|}}}|{{{Oct record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Oct record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov record high F|}}}|{{{Nov record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Nov record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec record high F|}}}|{{{Dec record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Dec record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year record high F|}}}|{{{year record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{year record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{year record high C}}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{Max/27|{{{Jan record high F|}}}|{{{Feb record high F|}}}|{{{Mar record high F|}}}|{{{Apr record high F|}}}|{{{May record high F|}}}|{{{Jun record high F|}}}|{{{Jul record high F|}}}|{{{Aug record high F|}}}|{{{Sep record high F|}}}|{{{Oct record high F|}}}|{{{Nov record high F|}}}|{{{Dec record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{Max/27|{{#if:{{{Jan record high C|}}}|{{{Jan record high C}}}|-40}}|{{{Feb record high C|}}}|{{{Mar record high C|}}}|{{{Apr record high C|}}}|{{{May record high C|}}}|{{{Jun record high C|}}}|{{{Jul record high C|}}}|{{{Aug record high C|}}}|{{{Sep record high C|}}}|{{{Oct record high C|}}}|{{{Nov record high C|}}}|{{{Dec record high C|}}}}})*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{#if:{{{Jan record high C|}}}|{{{Jan record high C}}}|1}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- SECOND LINE AVERAGE HIGH TEMPERATURES-->{{#if:{{{Jan high C|}}}{{{Feb high C|}}}{{{Mar high C|}}}{{{Apr high C|}}}{{{May high C|}}}{{{Jun high C|}}}{{{Jul high C|}}}{{{Aug high C|}}}{{{Sep high C|}}}{{{Oct high C|}}}{{{Nov high C|}}}{{{Dec high C|}}}{{{Jan high F|}}}{{{Feb high F|}}}{{{Mar high F|}}}{{{Apr high F|}}}{{{May high F|}}}{{{Jun high F|}}}{{{Jul high F|}}}{{{Aug high F|}}}{{{Sep high F|}}}{{{Oct high F|}}}{{{Nov high F|}}}{{{Dec high F|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{temperature colour}}}</code> is not a valid temperature color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|temperature colour=pastel</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>temperature colour</code> parameter for the standard coloring.'''</span>|pastel|t=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/line |label=Average high °{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|F|C}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}} |alt= |sc={{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}} |f=1<!-- AVERAGE HIGH TEMPERATURES METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan high C|}}}|{{{Jan high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jan high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb high C|}}}|{{{Feb high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Feb high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar high C|}}}|{{{Mar high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Mar high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr high C|}}}|{{{Apr high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Apr high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May high C|}}}|{{{May high C}}}|{{#if:{{{May high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{May high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun high C|}}}|{{{Jun high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jun high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul high C|}}}|{{{Jul high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jul high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug high C|}}}|{{{Aug high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Aug high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep high C|}}}|{{{Sep high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Sep high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct high C|}}}|{{{Oct high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Oct high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov high C|}}}|{{{Nov high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Nov high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec high C|}}}|{{{Dec high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Dec high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year high C|}}}|{{{year high C}}}|{{#if:{{{year high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{year high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year high F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan high C|}}}|{{{Jan high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb high C|}}}|{{{Feb high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar high C|}}}|{{{Mar high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr high C|}}}|{{{Apr high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May high C|}}}|{{{May high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun high C|}}}|{{{Jun high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul high C|}}}|{{{Jul high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug high C|}}}|{{{Aug high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep high C|}}}|{{{Sep high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct high C|}}}|{{{Oct high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov high C|}}}|{{{Nov high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec high C|}}}|{{{Dec high C}}}|foo}})/12 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan high C}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: (({{#if:{{{Jan high F|}}}|{{{Jan high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb high F|}}}|{{{Feb high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar high F|}}}|{{{Mar high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr high F|}}}|{{{Apr high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May high F|}}}|{{{May high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun high F|}}}|{{{Jun high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul high F|}}}|{{{Jul high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug high F|}}}|{{{Aug high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep high F|}}}|{{{Sep high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct high F|}}}|{{{Oct high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov high F|}}}|{{{Nov high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec high F|}}}|{{{Dec high F}}}|foo}})/12-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan high F}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- AVERAGE HIGH TEMPERATURES IMPERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan high F|}}}|{{{Jan high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jan high C}}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb high F|}}}|{{{Feb high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Feb high C}}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar high F|}}}|{{{Mar high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Mar high C}}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr high F|}}}|{{{Apr high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Apr high C}}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May high F|}}}|{{{May high F}}}|{{#if:{{{May high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{May high C}}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun high F|}}}|{{{Jun high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jun high C}}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul high F|}}}|{{{Jul high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jul high C}}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug high F|}}}|{{{Aug high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Aug high C}}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep high F|}}}|{{{Sep high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Sep high C}}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct high F|}}}|{{{Oct high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Oct high C}}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov high F|}}}|{{{Nov high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Nov high C}}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec high F|}}}|{{{Dec high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Dec high C}}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year high F|}}}|{{{year high F}}}|{{#if:{{{year high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{year high C}}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan high F|}}}|{{{Jan high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb high F|}}}|{{{Feb high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar high F|}}}|{{{Mar high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr high F|}}}|{{{Apr high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May high F|}}}|{{{May high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun high F|}}}|{{{Jun high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul high F|}}}|{{{Jul high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug high F|}}}|{{{Aug high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep high F|}}}|{{{Sep high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct high F|}}}|{{{Oct high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov high F|}}}|{{{Nov high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec high F|}}}|{{{Dec high F}}}|foo}})/12 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan high F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan high C|}}}|{{{Jan high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb high C|}}}|{{{Feb high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar high C|}}}|{{{Mar high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr high C|}}}|{{{Apr high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May high C|}}}|{{{May high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun high C|}}}|{{{Jun high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul high C|}}}|{{{Jul high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug high C|}}}|{{{Aug high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep high C|}}}|{{{Sep high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct high C|}}}|{{{Oct high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov high C|}}}|{{{Nov high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec high C|}}}|{{{Dec high C}}}|foo}})/12*1.8+32 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan high C}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- SECOND LINE DAILY MEAN TEMPERATURES-->{{#if:{{{Jan mean C|}}}{{{Feb mean C|}}}{{{Mar mean C|}}}{{{Apr mean C|}}}{{{May mean C|}}}{{{Jun mean C|}}}{{{Jul mean C|}}}{{{Aug mean C|}}}{{{Sep mean C|}}}{{{Oct mean C|}}}{{{Nov mean C|}}}{{{Dec mean C|}}}{{{Jan mean F|}}}{{{Feb mean F|}}}{{{Mar mean F|}}}{{{Apr mean F|}}}{{{May mean F|}}}{{{Jun mean F|}}}{{{Jul mean F|}}}{{{Aug mean F|}}}{{{Sep mean F|}}}{{{Oct mean F|}}}{{{Nov mean F|}}}{{{Dec mean F|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{temperature colour}}}</code> is not a valid temperature color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|temperature colour=pastel</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>temperature colour</code> parameter for the standard coloring.'''</span>|pastel|t=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/line |label=Daily Mean °{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|F|C}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}} |alt= |sc={{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}} |f=1<!-- DAILY MEAN TEMPERATURES METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan mean C|}}}|{{{Jan mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jan mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb mean C|}}}|{{{Feb mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Feb mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar mean C|}}}|{{{Mar mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Mar mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr mean C|}}}|{{{Apr mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Apr mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May mean C|}}}|{{{May mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{May mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{May mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun mean C|}}}|{{{Jun mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jun mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul mean C|}}}|{{{Jul mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jul mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug mean C|}}}|{{{Aug mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Aug mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep mean C|}}}|{{{Sep mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Sep mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct mean C|}}}|{{{Oct mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Oct mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov mean C|}}}|{{{Nov mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Nov mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec mean C|}}}|{{{Dec mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Dec mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year mean C|}}}|{{{year mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{year mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{year mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year mean F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan mean C|}}}|{{{Jan mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb mean C|}}}|{{{Feb mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar mean C|}}}|{{{Mar mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr mean C|}}}|{{{Apr mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May mean C|}}}|{{{May mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun mean C|}}}|{{{Jun mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul mean C|}}}|{{{Jul mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug mean C|}}}|{{{Aug mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep mean C|}}}|{{{Sep mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct mean C|}}}|{{{Oct mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov mean C|}}}|{{{Nov mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec mean C|}}}|{{{Dec mean C}}}|foo}})/12 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan mean C}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: (({{#if:{{{Jan mean F|}}}|{{{Jan mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb mean F|}}}|{{{Feb mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar mean F|}}}|{{{Mar mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr mean F|}}}|{{{Apr mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May mean F|}}}|{{{May mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun mean F|}}}|{{{Jun mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul mean F|}}}|{{{Jul mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug mean F|}}}|{{{Aug mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep mean F|}}}|{{{Sep mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct mean F|}}}|{{{Oct mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov mean F|}}}|{{{Nov mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec mean F|}}}|{{{Dec mean F}}}|foo}})/12-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan mean F}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- DAILY MEAN TEMPERATURES IMPERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan mean F|}}}|{{{Jan mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jan mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb mean F|}}}|{{{Feb mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Feb mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar mean F|}}}|{{{Mar mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Mar mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr mean F|}}}|{{{Apr mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Apr mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May mean F|}}}|{{{May mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{May mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{May mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun mean F|}}}|{{{Jun mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jun mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul mean F|}}}|{{{Jul mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jul mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug mean F|}}}|{{{Aug mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Aug mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep mean F|}}}|{{{Sep mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Sep mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct mean F|}}}|{{{Oct mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Oct mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov mean F|}}}|{{{Nov mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Nov mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec mean F|}}}|{{{Dec mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Dec mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year mean F|}}}|{{{year mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{year mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{year mean C}}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan mean F|}}}|{{{Jan mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb mean F|}}}|{{{Feb mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar mean F|}}}|{{{Mar mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr mean F|}}}|{{{Apr mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May mean F|}}}|{{{May mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun mean F|}}}|{{{Jun mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul mean F|}}}|{{{Jul mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug mean F|}}}|{{{Aug mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep mean F|}}}|{{{Sep mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct mean F|}}}|{{{Oct mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov mean F|}}}|{{{Nov mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec mean F|}}}|{{{Dec mean F}}}|foo}})/12 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan mean F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan mean C|}}}|{{{Jan mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb mean C|}}}|{{{Feb mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar mean C|}}}|{{{Mar mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr mean C|}}}|{{{Apr mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May mean C|}}}|{{{May mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun mean C|}}}|{{{Jun mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul mean C|}}}|{{{Jul mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug mean C|}}}|{{{Aug mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep mean C|}}}|{{{Sep mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct mean C|}}}|{{{Oct mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov mean C|}}}|{{{Nov mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec mean C|}}}|{{{Dec mean C}}}|foo}})/12*1.8+32 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan mean C}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- SECOND LINE AVERAGE LOW TEMPERATURES-->{{#if:{{{Jan low C|}}}{{{Feb low C|}}}{{{Mar low C|}}}{{{Apr low C|}}}{{{May low C|}}}{{{Jun low C|}}}{{{Jul low C|}}}{{{Aug low C|}}}{{{Sep low C|}}}{{{Oct low C|}}}{{{Nov low C|}}}{{{Dec low C|}}}{{{Jan low F|}}}{{{Feb low F|}}}{{{Mar low F|}}}{{{Apr low F|}}}{{{May low F|}}}{{{Jun low F|}}}{{{Jul low F|}}}{{{Aug low F|}}}{{{Sep low F|}}}{{{Oct low F|}}}{{{Nov low F|}}}{{{Dec low F|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{temperature colour}}}</code> is not a valid temperature color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|temperature colour=pastel</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>temperature colour</code> parameter for the standard coloring.'''</span>|pastel|t=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/line |label=Average low °{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|F|C}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}} |alt= |sc={{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}} |f=1<!-- AVERAGE LOW TEMPERATURES METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan low C|}}}|{{{Jan low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jan low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb low C|}}}|{{{Feb low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Feb low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar low C|}}}|{{{Mar low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Mar low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr low C|}}}|{{{Apr low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Apr low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May low C|}}}|{{{May low C}}}|{{#if:{{{May low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{May low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun low C|}}}|{{{Jun low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jun low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul low C|}}}|{{{Jul low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jul low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug low C|}}}|{{{Aug low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Aug low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep low C|}}}|{{{Sep low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Sep low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct low C|}}}|{{{Oct low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Oct low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov low C|}}}|{{{Nov low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Nov low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec low C|}}}|{{{Dec low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Dec low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year low C|}}}|{{{year low C}}}|{{#if:{{{year low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{year low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year low F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan low C|}}}|{{{Jan low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb low C|}}}|{{{Feb low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar low C|}}}|{{{Mar low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr low C|}}}|{{{Apr low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May low C|}}}|{{{May low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun low C|}}}|{{{Jun low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul low C|}}}|{{{Jul low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug low C|}}}|{{{Aug low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep low C|}}}|{{{Sep low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct low C|}}}|{{{Oct low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov low C|}}}|{{{Nov low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec low C|}}}|{{{Dec low C}}}|foo}})/12 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan low C}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: (({{#if:{{{Jan low F|}}}|{{{Jan low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb low F|}}}|{{{Feb low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar low F|}}}|{{{Mar low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr low F|}}}|{{{Apr low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May low F|}}}|{{{May low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun low F|}}}|{{{Jun low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul low F|}}}|{{{Jul low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug low F|}}}|{{{Aug low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep low F|}}}|{{{Sep low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct low F|}}}|{{{Oct low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov low F|}}}|{{{Nov low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec low F|}}}|{{{Dec low F}}}|foo}})/12-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan low F}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- AVERAGE LOW TEMPERATURES IMPERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan low F|}}}|{{{Jan low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jan low C}}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb low F|}}}|{{{Feb low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Feb low C}}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar low F|}}}|{{{Mar low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Mar low C}}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr low F|}}}|{{{Apr low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Apr low C}}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May low F|}}}|{{{May low F}}}|{{#if:{{{May low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{May low C}}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun low F|}}}|{{{Jun low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jun low C}}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul low F|}}}|{{{Jul low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jul low C}}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug low F|}}}|{{{Aug low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Aug low C}}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep low F|}}}|{{{Sep low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Sep low C}}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct low F|}}}|{{{Oct low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Oct low C}}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov low F|}}}|{{{Nov low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Nov low C}}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec low F|}}}|{{{Dec low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Dec low C}}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year low F|}}}|{{{year low F}}}|{{#if:{{{year low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{year low C}}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan low F|}}}|{{{Jan low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb low F|}}}|{{{Feb low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar low F|}}}|{{{Mar low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr low F|}}}|{{{Apr low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May low F|}}}|{{{May low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun low F|}}}|{{{Jun low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul low F|}}}|{{{Jul low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug low F|}}}|{{{Aug low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep low F|}}}|{{{Sep low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct low F|}}}|{{{Oct low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov low F|}}}|{{{Nov low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec low F|}}}|{{{Dec low F}}}|foo}})/12 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan low F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan low C|}}}|{{{Jan low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb low C|}}}|{{{Feb low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar low C|}}}|{{{Mar low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr low C|}}}|{{{Apr low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May low C|}}}|{{{May low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun low C|}}}|{{{Jun low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul low C|}}}|{{{Jul low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug low C|}}}|{{{Aug low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep low C|}}}|{{{Sep low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct low C|}}}|{{{Oct low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov low C|}}}|{{{Nov low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec low C|}}}|{{{Dec low C}}}|foo}})/12*1.8+32 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan low C}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- SECOND LINE RECORD LOW TEMPERATURES-->{{#if:{{{Jan record low C|}}}{{{Feb record low C|}}}{{{Mar record low C|}}}{{{Apr record low C|}}}{{{May record low C|}}}{{{Jun record low C|}}}{{{Jul record low C|}}}{{{Aug record low C|}}}{{{Sep record low C|}}}{{{Oct record low C|}}}{{{Nov record low C|}}}{{{Dec record low C|}}}{{{Jan record low F|}}}{{{Feb record low F|}}}{{{Mar record low F|}}}{{{Apr record low F|}}}{{{May record low F|}}}{{{Jun record low F|}}}{{{Jul record low F|}}}{{{Aug record low F|}}}{{{Sep record low F|}}}{{{Oct record low F|}}}{{{Nov record low F|}}}{{{Dec record low F|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{temperature colour}}}</code> is not a valid temperature color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|temperature colour=pastel</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>temperature colour</code> parameter for the standard coloring.'''</span>|pastel|t=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/line |label=Record low °{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|F|C}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}} |alt= |sc={{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}} |f=1<!-- RECORD LOW TEMPERATURES METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan record low C|}}}|{{{Jan record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jan record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb record low C|}}}|{{{Feb record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Feb record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar record low C|}}}|{{{Mar record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Mar record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr record low C|}}}|{{{Apr record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Apr record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May record low C|}}}|{{{May record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{May record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{May record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun record low C|}}}|{{{Jun record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jun record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul record low C|}}}|{{{Jul record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jul record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug record low C|}}}|{{{Aug record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Aug record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep record low C|}}}|{{{Sep record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Sep record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct record low C|}}}|{{{Oct record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Oct record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov record low C|}}}|{{{Nov record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Nov record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec record low C|}}}|{{{Dec record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Dec record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year record low C|}}}|{{{year record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{year record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{year record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year record low F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{Min/27|{{{Jan record low C|}}}|{{{Feb record low C|}}}|{{{Mar record low C|}}}|{{{Apr record low C|}}}|{{{May record low C|}}}|{{{Jun record low C|}}}|{{{Jul record low C|}}}|{{{Aug record low C|}}}|{{{Sep record low C|}}}|{{{Oct record low C|}}}|{{{Nov record low C|}}}|{{{Dec record low C|}}}|{{#expr:({{Min/27|{{#if:{{{Jan record low F|}}}|{{{Jan record low F}}}|100}}|{{{Feb record low F|}}}|{{{Mar record low F|}}}|{{{Apr record low F|}}}|{{{May record low F|}}}|{{{Jun record low F|}}}|{{{Jul record low F|}}}|{{{Aug record low F|}}}|{{{Sep record low F|}}}|{{{Oct record low F|}}}|{{{Nov record low F|}}}|{{{Dec record low F|}}}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{#if:{{{Jan record low F|}}}|{{{Jan record low F}}}|1}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- RECORD LOW TEMPERATURES IMPERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan record low F|}}}|{{{Jan record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jan record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb record low F|}}}|{{{Feb record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Feb record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar record low F|}}}|{{{Mar record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Mar record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr record low F|}}}|{{{Apr record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Apr record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May record low F|}}}|{{{May record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{May record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{May record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun record low F|}}}|{{{Jun record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jun record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul record low F|}}}|{{{Jul record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jul record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug record low F|}}}|{{{Aug record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Aug record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep record low F|}}}|{{{Sep record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Sep record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct record low F|}}}|{{{Oct record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Oct record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov record low F|}}}|{{{Nov record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Nov record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec record low F|}}}|{{{Dec record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Dec record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year record low F|}}}|{{{year record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{year record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{year record low C}}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{Min/27|{{{Jan record low F|}}}|{{{Feb record low F|}}}|{{{Mar record low F|}}}|{{{Apr record low F|}}}|{{{May record low F|}}}|{{{Jun record low F|}}}|{{{Jul record low F|}}}|{{{Aug record low F|}}}|{{{Sep record low F|}}}|{{{Oct record low F|}}}|{{{Nov record low F|}}}|{{{Dec record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{Min/27|{{#if:{{{Jan record low C|}}}|{{{Jan record low C}}}|38}}|{{{Feb record low C|}}}|{{{Mar record low C|}}}|{{{Apr record low C|}}}|{{{May record low C|}}}|{{{Jun record low C|}}}|{{{Jul record low C|}}}|{{{Aug record low C|}}}|{{{Sep record low C|}}}|{{{Oct record low C|}}}|{{{Nov record low C|}}}|{{{Dec record low C|}}}}})*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{#if:{{{Jan record low C|}}}|{{{Jan record low C}}}|1}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- SECOND LINE MINIMUM WIND CHILL-->{{#if:{{{Jan chill|}}}{{{Feb chill|}}}{{{Mar chill|}}}{{{Apr chill|}}}{{{May chill|}}}{{{Jun chill|}}}{{{Jul chill|}}}{{{Aug chill|}}}{{{Sep chill|}}}{{{Oct chill|}}}{{{Nov chill|}}}{{{Dec chill|}}}|{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}||{{#switch:{{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{temperature colour}}}</code> is not a valid temperature color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|temperature colour=pastel</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>temperature colour</code> parameter for the standard coloring.'''</span>|pastel|t=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/oneline |label=[[Wind chill]] |show=1 |sc={{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}} |f=1<!-- MINIMUM WIND CHILL VALUES--> |jan1={{{Jan chill|}}} |feb1={{{Feb chill|}}} |mar1={{{Mar chill|}}} |apr1={{{Apr chill|}}} |may1={{{May chill|}}} |jun1={{{Jun chill|}}} |jul1={{{Jul chill|}}} |aug1={{{Aug chill|}}} |sep1={{{Sep chill|}}} |oct1={{{Oct chill|}}} |nov1={{{Nov chill|}}} |dec1={{{Dec chill|}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year chill|}}}|{{{year chill}}}|{{#iferror:{{Min/27|{{{Jan chill|}}}|{{{Feb chill|}}}|{{{Mar chill|}}}|{{{Apr chill|}}}|{{{May chill|}}}|{{{Jun chill|}}}|{{{Jul chill|}}}|{{{Aug chill|}}}|{{{Sep chill|}}}|{{{Oct chill|}}}|{{{Nov chill|}}}|{{{Dec chill|}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}}}<!-- SECOND LINE TOTAL PRECIPITATION-->{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation cm|}}}{{{Feb precipitation cm|}}}{{{Mar precipitation cm|}}}{{{Apr precipitation cm|}}}{{{May precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jun precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jul precipitation cm|}}}{{{Aug precipitation cm|}}}{{{Sep precipitation cm|}}}{{{Oct precipitation cm|}}}{{{Nov precipitation cm|}}}{{{Dec precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jan precipitation mm|}}}{{{Feb precipitation mm|}}}{{{Mar precipitation mm|}}}{{{Apr precipitation mm|}}}{{{May precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jun precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jul precipitation mm|}}}{{{Aug precipitation mm|}}}{{{Sep precipitation mm|}}}{{{Oct precipitation mm|}}}{{{Nov precipitation mm|}}}{{{Dec precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jan precipitation inch|}}}{{{Feb precipitation inch|}}}{{{Mar precipitation inch|}}}{{{Apr precipitation inch|}}}{{{May precipitation inch|}}}{{{Jun precipitation inch|}}}{{{Jul precipitation inch|}}}{{{Aug precipitation inch|}}}{{{Sep precipitation inch|}}}{{{Oct precipitation inch|}}}{{{Nov precipitation inch|}}}{{{Dec precipitation inch|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{precipitation colour|}}}|{{{precipitation colour}}}|p}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{precipitation colour}}}</code> is not a valid precipitation color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|precipitation colour=green</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>precipitation colour</code> parameter for the standard blue coloring.'''</span>|green|p=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/line/date |label=[[Precipitation (meteorology)|Precipitation]] {{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|inches|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation cm|}}}{{{Feb precipitation cm|}}}{{{Mar precipitation cm|}}}{{{Apr precipitation cm|}}}{{{May precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jun precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jul precipitation cm|}}}{{{Aug precipitation cm|}}}{{{Sep precipitation cm|}}}{{{Oct precipitation cm|}}}{{{Nov precipitation cm|}}}{{{Dec precipitation cm|}}}|c|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation mm|}}}{{{Feb precipitation mm|}}}{{{Mar precipitation mm|}}}{{{Apr precipitation mm|}}}{{{May precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jun precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jul precipitation mm|}}}{{{Aug precipitation mm|}}}{{{Sep precipitation mm|}}}{{{Oct precipitation mm|}}}{{{Nov precipitation mm|}}}{{{Dec precipitation mm|}}}|m|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch|}}}}}<1|c|m}}}}}}m}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}} |alt= |sc={{#if:{{{precipitation colour|}}}|{{{precipitation colour}}}|p}} |f={{#if:{{{Jan precipitation cm|}}}{{{Feb precipitation cm|}}}{{{Mar precipitation cm|}}}{{{Apr precipitation cm|}}}{{{May precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jun precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jul precipitation cm|}}}{{{Aug precipitation cm|}}}{{{Sep precipitation cm|}}}{{{Oct precipitation cm|}}}{{{Nov precipitation cm|}}}{{{Dec precipitation cm|}}}|10|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation mm|}}}{{{Feb precipitation mm|}}}{{{Mar precipitation mm|}}}{{{Apr precipitation mm|}}}{{{May precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jun precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jul precipitation mm|}}}{{{Aug precipitation mm|}}}{{{Sep precipitation mm|}}}{{{Oct precipitation mm|}}}{{{Nov precipitation mm|}}}{{{Dec precipitation mm|}}}|1|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch|}}}}}<1|10|1}}}}}}<!-- TOTAL PRECIPITATION METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Feb precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Mar precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Apr precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May precipitation cm|}}}|{{{May precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{May precipitation mm|}}}|{{{May precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{May precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{May precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{May precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{May precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Jun precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Jul precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Aug precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Sep precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Oct precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Nov precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Dec precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year precipitation cm|}}}|{{{year precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{year precipitation mm|}}}|{{{year precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{year precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{year precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{year precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{year precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May precipitation cm|}}}|{{{May precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation cm}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May precipitation mm|}}}|{{{May precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation mm}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May precipitation inch|}}}|{{{May precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation inch}}}|foo}}){{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|*2.54 round 0|*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- TOTAL PRECIPITATION IMPERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May precipitation inch|}}}|{{{May precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{May precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{May precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year precipitation inch|}}}|{{{year precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{year precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{year precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May precipitation inch|}}}|{{{May precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation inch}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May precipitation cm|}}}|{{{May precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation cm}}}|foo}})/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May precipitation mm|}}}|{{{May precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation mm}}}|foo}})/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- SECOND LINE RAINFALL-->{{#if:{{{Jan rain cm|}}}{{{Feb rain cm|}}}{{{Mar rain cm|}}}{{{Apr rain cm|}}}{{{May rain cm|}}}{{{Jun rain cm|}}}{{{Jul rain cm|}}}{{{Aug rain cm|}}}{{{Sep rain cm|}}}{{{Oct rain cm|}}}{{{Nov rain cm|}}}{{{Dec rain cm|}}}{{{Jan rain mm|}}}{{{Feb rain mm|}}}{{{Mar rain mm|}}}{{{Apr rain mm|}}}{{{May rain mm|}}}{{{Jun rain mm|}}}{{{Jul rain mm|}}}{{{Aug rain mm|}}}{{{Sep rain mm|}}}{{{Oct rain mm|}}}{{{Nov rain mm|}}}{{{Dec rain mm|}}}{{{Jan rain inch|}}}{{{Feb rain inch|}}}{{{Mar rain inch|}}}{{{Apr rain inch|}}}{{{May rain inch|}}}{{{Jun rain inch|}}}{{{Jul rain inch|}}}{{{Aug rain inch|}}}{{{Sep rain inch|}}}{{{Oct rain inch|}}}{{{Nov rain inch|}}}{{{Dec rain inch|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{rain colour|}}}|{{{rain colour}}}|p}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{rain colour}}}</code> is not a valid rain color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|rain colour=green</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>rain colour</code> parameter for the standard blue coloring.'''</span>|green|p=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/line/date |label=[[Rain]]fall {{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|inches|{{#if:{{{Jan rain cm|}}}{{{Feb rain cm|}}}{{{Mar rain cm|}}}{{{Apr rain cm|}}}{{{May rain cm|}}}{{{Jun rain cm|}}}{{{Jul rain cm|}}}{{{Aug rain cm|}}}{{{Sep rain cm|}}}{{{Oct rain cm|}}}{{{Nov rain cm|}}}{{{Dec rain cm|}}}|c|{{#if:{{{Jan rain mm|}}}{{{Feb rain mm|}}}{{{Mar rain mm|}}}{{{Apr rain mm|}}}{{{May rain mm|}}}{{{Jun rain mm|}}}{{{Jul rain mm|}}}{{{Aug rain mm|}}}{{{Sep rain mm|}}}{{{Oct rain mm|}}}{{{Nov rain mm|}}}{{{Dec rain mm|}}}|m|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch|}}}}}<1|c|m}}}}}}m}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}} |alt= |sc={{#if:{{{rain colour|}}}|{{{rain colour}}}|p}} |f={{#if:{{{Jan rain cm|}}}{{{Feb rain cm|}}}{{{Mar rain cm|}}}{{{Apr rain cm|}}}{{{May rain cm|}}}{{{Jun rain cm|}}}{{{Jul rain cm|}}}{{{Aug rain cm|}}}{{{Sep rain cm|}}}{{{Oct rain cm|}}}{{{Nov rain cm|}}}{{{Dec rain cm|}}}|10|{{#if:{{{Jan rain mm|}}}{{{Feb rain mm|}}}{{{Mar rain mm|}}}{{{Apr rain mm|}}}{{{May rain mm|}}}{{{Jun rain mm|}}}{{{Jul rain mm|}}}{{{Aug rain mm|}}}{{{Sep rain mm|}}}{{{Oct rain mm|}}}{{{Nov rain mm|}}}{{{Dec rain mm|}}}|1|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch|}}}}}<1|10|1}}}}}}<!-- RAINFALL METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan rain cm|}}}|{{{Jan rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan rain mm|}}}|{{{Jan rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Jan rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb rain cm|}}}|{{{Feb rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb rain mm|}}}|{{{Feb rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Feb rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar rain cm|}}}|{{{Mar rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar rain mm|}}}|{{{Mar rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Mar rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr rain cm|}}}|{{{Apr rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr rain mm|}}}|{{{Apr rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Apr rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May rain cm|}}}|{{{May rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{May rain mm|}}}|{{{May rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{May rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{May rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{May rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{May rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun rain cm|}}}|{{{Jun rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun rain mm|}}}|{{{Jun rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Jun rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul rain cm|}}}|{{{Jul rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul rain mm|}}}|{{{Jul rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Jul rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug rain cm|}}}|{{{Aug rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug rain mm|}}}|{{{Aug rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Aug rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep rain cm|}}}|{{{Sep rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep rain mm|}}}|{{{Sep rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Sep rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct rain cm|}}}|{{{Oct rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct rain mm|}}}|{{{Oct rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Oct rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov rain cm|}}}|{{{Nov rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov rain mm|}}}|{{{Nov rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Nov rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec rain cm|}}}|{{{Dec rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec rain mm|}}}|{{{Dec rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Dec rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year rain cm|}}}|{{{year rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{year rain mm|}}}|{{{year rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{year rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{year rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{year rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{year rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan rain cm|}}}|{{{Jan rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb rain cm|}}}|{{{Feb rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar rain cm|}}}|{{{Mar rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr rain cm|}}}|{{{Apr rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May rain cm|}}}|{{{May rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun rain cm|}}}|{{{Jun rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul rain cm|}}}|{{{Jul rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug rain cm|}}}|{{{Aug rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep rain cm|}}}|{{{Sep rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct rain cm|}}}|{{{Oct rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov rain cm|}}}|{{{Nov rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec rain cm|}}}|{{{Dec rain cm}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan rain mm|}}}|{{{Jan rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb rain mm|}}}|{{{Feb rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar rain mm|}}}|{{{Mar rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr rain mm|}}}|{{{Apr rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May rain mm|}}}|{{{May rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun rain mm|}}}|{{{Jun rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul rain mm|}}}|{{{Jul rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug rain mm|}}}|{{{Aug rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep rain mm|}}}|{{{Sep rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct rain mm|}}}|{{{Oct rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov rain mm|}}}|{{{Nov rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec rain mm|}}}|{{{Dec rain mm}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan rain inch|}}}|{{{Jan rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb rain inch|}}}|{{{Feb rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar rain inch|}}}|{{{Mar rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr rain inch|}}}|{{{Apr rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May rain inch|}}}|{{{May rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun rain inch|}}}|{{{Jun rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul rain inch|}}}|{{{Jul rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug rain inch|}}}|{{{Aug rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep rain inch|}}}|{{{Sep rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct rain inch|}}}|{{{Oct rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov rain inch|}}}|{{{Nov rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec rain inch|}}}|{{{Dec rain inch}}}|foo}}){{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|*2.54 round 0|*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- RAINFALL IMPERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan rain inch|}}}|{{{Jan rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb rain inch|}}}|{{{Feb rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar rain inch|}}}|{{{Mar rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr rain inch|}}}|{{{Apr rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May rain inch|}}}|{{{May rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{May rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{May rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun rain inch|}}}|{{{Jun rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul rain inch|}}}|{{{Jul rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug rain inch|}}}|{{{Aug rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep rain inch|}}}|{{{Sep rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct rain inch|}}}|{{{Oct rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov rain inch|}}}|{{{Nov rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec rain inch|}}}|{{{Dec rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year rain inch|}}}|{{{year rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{year rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{year rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan rain inch|}}}|{{{Jan rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb rain inch|}}}|{{{Feb rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar rain inch|}}}|{{{Mar rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr rain inch|}}}|{{{Apr rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May rain inch|}}}|{{{May rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun rain inch|}}}|{{{Jun rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul rain inch|}}}|{{{Jul rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug rain inch|}}}|{{{Aug rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep rain inch|}}}|{{{Sep rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct rain inch|}}}|{{{Oct rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov rain inch|}}}|{{{Nov rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec rain inch|}}}|{{{Dec rain inch}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan rain cm|}}}|{{{Jan rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb rain cm|}}}|{{{Feb rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar rain cm|}}}|{{{Mar rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr rain cm|}}}|{{{Apr rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May rain cm|}}}|{{{May rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun rain cm|}}}|{{{Jun rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul rain cm|}}}|{{{Jul rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug rain cm|}}}|{{{Aug rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep rain cm|}}}|{{{Sep rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct rain cm|}}}|{{{Oct rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov rain cm|}}}|{{{Nov rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec rain cm|}}}|{{{Dec rain cm}}}|foo}})/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan rain mm|}}}|{{{Jan rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb rain mm|}}}|{{{Feb rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar rain mm|}}}|{{{Mar rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr rain mm|}}}|{{{Apr rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May rain mm|}}}|{{{May rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun rain mm|}}}|{{{Jun rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul rain mm|}}}|{{{Jul rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug rain mm|}}}|{{{Aug rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep rain mm|}}}|{{{Sep rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct rain mm|}}}|{{{Oct rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov rain mm|}}}|{{{Nov rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec rain mm|}}}|{{{Dec rain mm}}}|foo}})/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- SECOND LINE SNOWFALL-->{{#if:{{{Jan snow cm|}}}{{{Feb snow cm|}}}{{{Mar snow cm|}}}{{{Apr snow cm|}}}{{{May snow cm|}}}{{{Jun snow cm|}}}{{{Jul snow cm|}}}{{{Aug snow cm|}}}{{{Sep snow cm|}}}{{{Oct snow cm|}}}{{{Nov snow cm|}}}{{{Dec snow cm|}}}{{{Jan snow mm|}}}{{{Feb snow mm|}}}{{{Mar snow mm|}}}{{{Apr snow mm|}}}{{{May snow mm|}}}{{{Jun snow mm|}}}{{{Jul snow mm|}}}{{{Aug snow mm|}}}{{{Sep snow mm|}}}{{{Oct snow mm|}}}{{{Nov snow mm|}}}{{{Dec snow mm|}}}{{{Jan snow inch|}}}{{{Feb snow inch|}}}{{{Mar snow inch|}}}{{{Apr snow inch|}}}{{{May snow inch|}}}{{{Jun snow inch|}}}{{{Jul snow inch|}}}{{{Aug snow inch|}}}{{{Sep snow inch|}}}{{{Oct snow inch|}}}{{{Nov snow inch|}}}{{{Dec snow inch|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{snow colour|}}}|{{{snow colour}}}|p}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{snow colour}}}</code> is not a valid snow color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|snow colour=green</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>snow colour</code> parameter for the standard blue coloring.'''</span>|green|p=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/line/date |label=[[Snow]]fall {{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|inches|{{#if:{{{Jan snow mm|}}}{{{Feb snow mm|}}}{{{Mar snow mm|}}}{{{Apr snow mm|}}}{{{May snow mm|}}}{{{Jun snow mm|}}}{{{Jul snow mm|}}}{{{Aug snow mm|}}}{{{Sep snow mm|}}}{{{Oct snow mm|}}}{{{Nov snow mm|}}}{{{Dec snow mm|}}}|m|c}}m}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}} |alt= |sc={{#if:{{{snow colour|}}}|{{{snow colour}}}|p}} |f={{#if:{{{Jan snow mm|}}}{{{Feb snow mm|}}}{{{Mar snow mm|}}}{{{Apr snow mm|}}}{{{May snow mm|}}}{{{Jun snow mm|}}}{{{Jul snow mm|}}}{{{Aug snow mm|}}}{{{Sep snow mm|}}}{{{Oct snow mm|}}}{{{Nov snow mm|}}}{{{Dec snow mm|}}}|1|10}}<!-- SNOWFALL METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan snow mm|}}}|{{{Jan snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan snow cm|}}}|{{{Jan snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb snow mm|}}}|{{{Feb snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb snow cm|}}}|{{{Feb snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar snow mm|}}}|{{{Mar snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar snow cm|}}}|{{{Mar snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr snow mm|}}}|{{{Apr snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr snow cm|}}}|{{{Apr snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May snow mm|}}}|{{{May snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{May snow cm|}}}|{{{May snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{May snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun snow mm|}}}|{{{Jun snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun snow cm|}}}|{{{Jun snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul snow mm|}}}|{{{Jul snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul snow cm|}}}|{{{Jul snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug snow mm|}}}|{{{Aug snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug snow cm|}}}|{{{Aug snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep snow mm|}}}|{{{Sep snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep snow cm|}}}|{{{Sep snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct snow mm|}}}|{{{Oct snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct snow cm|}}}|{{{Oct snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov snow mm|}}}|{{{Nov snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov snow cm|}}}|{{{Nov snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec snow mm|}}}|{{{Dec snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec snow cm|}}}|{{{Dec snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year snow mm|}}}|{{{year snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{year snow cm|}}}|{{{year snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{year snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year snow inch}}}}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan snow cm|}}}|{{{Jan snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb snow cm|}}}|{{{Feb snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar snow cm|}}}|{{{Mar snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr snow cm|}}}|{{{Apr snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May snow cm|}}}|{{{May snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun snow cm|}}}|{{{Jun snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul snow cm|}}}|{{{Jul snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug snow cm|}}}|{{{Aug snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep snow cm|}}}|{{{Sep snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct snow cm|}}}|{{{Oct snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov snow cm|}}}|{{{Nov snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec snow cm|}}}|{{{Dec snow cm}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan snow mm|}}}|{{{Jan snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb snow mm|}}}|{{{Feb snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar snow mm|}}}|{{{Mar snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr snow mm|}}}|{{{Apr snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May snow mm|}}}|{{{May snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun snow mm|}}}|{{{Jun snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul snow mm|}}}|{{{Jul snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug snow mm|}}}|{{{Aug snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep snow mm|}}}|{{{Sep snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct snow mm|}}}|{{{Oct snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov snow mm|}}}|{{{Nov snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec snow mm|}}}|{{{Dec snow mm}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan snow inch|}}}|{{{Jan snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb snow inch|}}}|{{{Feb snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar snow inch|}}}|{{{Mar snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr snow inch|}}}|{{{Apr snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May snow inch|}}}|{{{May snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun snow inch|}}}|{{{Jun snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul snow inch|}}}|{{{Jul snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug snow inch|}}}|{{{Aug snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep snow inch|}}}|{{{Sep snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct snow inch|}}}|{{{Oct snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov snow inch|}}}|{{{Nov snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec snow inch|}}}|{{{Dec snow inch}}}|foo}})*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- SNOWFALL IMERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan snow inch|}}}|{{{Jan snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb snow inch|}}}|{{{Feb snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar snow inch|}}}|{{{Mar snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr snow inch|}}}|{{{Apr snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May snow inch|}}}|{{{May snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{May snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{May snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun snow inch|}}}|{{{Jun snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul snow inch|}}}|{{{Jul snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug snow inch|}}}|{{{Aug snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep snow inch|}}}|{{{Sep snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct snow inch|}}}|{{{Oct snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov snow inch|}}}|{{{Nov snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec snow inch|}}}|{{{Dec snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year snow inch|}}}|{{{year snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{year snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{year snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan snow inch|}}}|{{{Jan snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb snow inch|}}}|{{{Feb snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar snow inch|}}}|{{{Mar snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr snow inch|}}}|{{{Apr snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May snow inch|}}}|{{{May snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun snow inch|}}}|{{{Jun snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul snow inch|}}}|{{{Jul snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug snow inch|}}}|{{{Aug snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep snow inch|}}}|{{{Sep snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct snow inch|}}}|{{{Oct snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov snow inch|}}}|{{{Nov snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec snow inch|}}}|{{{Dec snow inch}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan snow mm|}}}|{{{Jan snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb snow mm|}}}|{{{Feb snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar snow mm|}}}|{{{Mar snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr snow mm|}}}|{{{Apr snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May snow mm|}}}|{{{May snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun snow mm|}}}|{{{Jun snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul snow mm|}}}|{{{Jul snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug snow mm|}}}|{{{Aug snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep snow mm|}}}|{{{Sep snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct snow mm|}}}|{{{Oct snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov snow mm|}}}|{{{Nov snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec snow mm|}}}|{{{Dec snow mm}}}|foo}})/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan snow cm|}}}|{{{Jan snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb snow cm|}}}|{{{Feb snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar snow cm|}}}|{{{Mar snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr snow cm|}}}|{{{Apr snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May snow cm|}}}|{{{May snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun snow cm|}}}|{{{Jun snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul snow cm|}}}|{{{Jul snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug snow cm|}}}|{{{Aug snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep snow cm|}}}|{{{Sep snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct snow cm|}}}|{{{Oct snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov snow cm|}}}|{{{Nov snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec snow cm|}}}|{{{Dec snow cm}}}|foo}})/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- -->}}<!-- PERCENT HUMIDITY-->{{#if:{{{Jan humidity|}}}{{{Feb humidity|}}}{{{Mar humidity|}}}{{{Apr humidity|}}}{{{May humidity|}}}{{{Jun humidity|}}}{{{Jul humidity|}}}{{{Aug humidity|}}}{{{Sep humidity|}}}{{{Oct humidity|}}}{{{Nov humidity|}}}{{{Dec humidity|}}}|<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/oneline |label=[[ຄວາມຊຸ່ມ]]ຮ້ອຍລະ |show=1 |sc=h |f=1 |jan1={{{Jan humidity|}}} |feb1={{{Feb humidity|}}} |mar1={{{Mar humidity|}}} |apr1={{{Apr humidity|}}} |may1={{{May humidity|}}} |jun1={{{Jun humidity|}}} |jul1={{{Jul humidity|}}} |aug1={{{Aug humidity|}}} |sep1={{{Sep humidity|}}} |oct1={{{Oct humidity|}}} |nov1={{{Nov humidity|}}} |dec1={{{Dec humidity|}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year humidity|}}}|{{{year humidity}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan humidity|}}}|{{{Jan humidity}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb humidity|}}}|{{{Feb humidity}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar humidity|}}}|{{{Mar humidity}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr humidity|}}}|{{{Apr humidity}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May humidity|}}}|{{{May humidity}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun humidity|}}}|{{{Jun humidity}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul humidity|}}}|{{{Jul humidity}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug humidity|}}}|{{{Aug humidity}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep humidity|}}}|{{{Sep humidity}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct humidity|}}}|{{{Oct humidity}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov humidity|}}}|{{{Nov humidity}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec humidity|}}}|{{{Dec humidity}}}|foo}})/12 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan humidity}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}<!-- PRECIPITATION DAYS-->{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation days|}}}{{{Feb precipitation days|}}}{{{Mar precipitation days|}}}{{{Apr precipitation days|}}}{{{May precipitation days|}}}{{{Jun precipitation days|}}}{{{Jul precipitation days|}}}{{{Aug precipitation days|}}}{{{Sep precipitation days|}}}{{{Oct precipitation days|}}}{{{Nov precipitation days|}}}{{{Dec precipitation days|}}}|<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/oneline/date |label=ວັນທີ່ມີນໍ້າຢາດຟ້າໂດຍສະເລ່ຍ {{#if:{{{unit precipitation days|}}}|<span style="font-size:80%">{{Nowrap|(≥ {{{unit precipitation days}}})}}</span>}} |show=1 |sc=d |f=1 |jan1={{{Jan precipitation days|}}} |feb1={{{Feb precipitation days|}}} |mar1={{{Mar precipitation days|}}} |apr1={{{Apr precipitation days|}}} |may1={{{May precipitation days|}}} |jun1={{{Jun precipitation days|}}} |jul1={{{Jul precipitation days|}}} |aug1={{{Aug precipitation days|}}} |sep1={{{Sep precipitation days|}}} |oct1={{{Oct precipitation days|}}} |nov1={{{Nov precipitation days|}}} |dec1={{{Dec precipitation days|}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year precipitation days|}}}|{{{year precipitation days}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan precipitation days|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation days|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation days|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation days|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May precipitation days|}}}|{{{May precipitation days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation days|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation days|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation days|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation days|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation days|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation days|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation days|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation days}}}|foo}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}<!-- RAINY DAYS-->{{#if:{{{Jan rain days|}}}{{{Feb rain days|}}}{{{Mar rain days|}}}{{{Apr rain days|}}}{{{May rain days|}}}{{{Jun rain days|}}}{{{Jul rain days|}}}{{{Aug rain days|}}}{{{Sep rain days|}}}{{{Oct rain days|}}}{{{Nov rain days|}}}{{{Dec rain days|}}}|<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/oneline/date |label=วันที่มีฝนตกโดยเฉลี่ย {{#if:{{{unit rain days|}}}|<span style="font-size:80%">{{Nowrap|(≥ {{{unit rain days}}})}}</span>}} |show=1 |sc=d |f=1 |jan1={{{Jan rain days|}}} |feb1={{{Feb rain days|}}} |mar1={{{Mar rain days|}}} |apr1={{{Apr rain days|}}} |may1={{{May rain days|}}} |jun1={{{Jun rain days|}}} |jul1={{{Jul rain days|}}} |aug1={{{Aug rain days|}}} |sep1={{{Sep rain days|}}} |oct1={{{Oct rain days|}}} |nov1={{{Nov rain days|}}} |dec1={{{Dec rain days|}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year rain days|}}}|{{{year rain days}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan rain days|}}}|{{{Jan rain days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb rain days|}}}|{{{Feb rain days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar rain days|}}}|{{{Mar rain days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr rain days|}}}|{{{Apr rain days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May rain days|}}}|{{{May rain days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun rain days|}}}|{{{Jun rain days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul rain days|}}}|{{{Jul rain days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug rain days|}}}|{{{Aug rain days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep rain days|}}}|{{{Sep rain days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct rain days|}}}|{{{Oct rain days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov rain days|}}}|{{{Nov rain days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec rain days|}}}|{{{Dec rain days}}}|foo}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}<!-- SNOWY DAYS-->{{#if:{{{Jan snow days|}}}{{{Feb snow days|}}}{{{Mar snow days|}}}{{{Apr snow days|}}}{{{May snow days|}}}{{{Jun snow days|}}}{{{Jul snow days|}}}{{{Aug snow days|}}}{{{Sep snow days|}}}{{{Oct snow days|}}}{{{Nov snow days|}}}{{{Dec snow days|}}}|<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/oneline/date |label=ວັນທີ່ມີຫິມະຕົກໂດຍສະເລ່ຍ {{#if:{{{unit snow days|}}}|<span style="font-size:80%">{{Nowrap|(≥ {{{unit snow days}}})}}</span>}} |show=1 |sc=d |f=1 |jan1={{{Jan snow days|}}} |feb1={{{Feb snow days|}}} |mar1={{{Mar snow days|}}} |apr1={{{Apr snow days|}}} |may1={{{May snow days|}}} |jun1={{{Jun snow days|}}} |jul1={{{Jul snow days|}}} |aug1={{{Aug snow days|}}} |sep1={{{Sep snow days|}}} |oct1={{{Oct snow days|}}} |nov1={{{Nov snow days|}}} |dec1={{{Dec snow days|}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year snow days|}}}|{{{year snow days}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan snow days|}}}|{{{Jan snow days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb snow days|}}}|{{{Feb snow days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar snow days|}}}|{{{Mar snow days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr snow days|}}}|{{{Apr snow days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May snow days|}}}|{{{May snow days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun snow days|}}}|{{{Jun snow days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul snow days|}}}|{{{Jul snow days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug snow days|}}}|{{{Aug snow days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep snow days|}}}|{{{Sep snow days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct snow days|}}}|{{{Oct snow days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov snow days|}}}|{{{Nov snow days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec snow days|}}}|{{{Dec snow days}}}|foo}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}<!-- SUNSHINE HOURS-->{{#if:{{{Jan sun|}}}{{{Feb sun|}}}{{{Mar sun|}}}{{{Apr sun|}}}{{{May sun|}}}{{{Jun sun|}}}{{{Jul sun|}}}{{{Aug sun|}}}{{{Sep sun|}}}{{{Oct sun|}}}{{{Nov sun|}}}{{{Dec sun|}}}|<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/oneline/date |label=ຈຳນວນຊົ່ວໂມງທີ່ມີແດດ |show=1 |sc=s |f=1 |jan1={{{Jan sun|}}} |feb1={{{Feb sun|}}} |mar1={{{Mar sun|}}} |apr1={{{Apr sun|}}} |may1={{{May sun|}}} |jun1={{{Jun sun|}}} |jul1={{{Jul sun|}}} |aug1={{{Aug sun|}}} |sep1={{{Sep sun|}}} |oct1={{{Oct sun|}}} |nov1={{{Nov sun|}}} |dec1={{{Dec sun|}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year sun|}}}|{{{year sun}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan sun|}}}|{{{Jan sun}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb sun|}}}|{{{Feb sun}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar sun|}}}|{{{Mar sun}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr sun|}}}|{{{Apr sun}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May sun|}}}|{{{May sun}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun sun|}}}|{{{Jun sun}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul sun|}}}|{{{Jul sun}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug sun|}}}|{{{Aug sun}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep sun|}}}|{{{Sep sun}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct sun|}}}|{{{Oct sun}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov sun|}}}|{{{Nov sun}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec sun|}}}|{{{Dec sun}}}|foo}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}} |-<!--SOURCES--> |colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:85%" {{#if:{{{source 1|}}}{{{source|}}}|{{!}}{{#if:{{{source 2|}}}|ແຫຼ່ງທີ່ມາ 1:|ແຫຼ່ງທີ່ມາ:}} {{{source|{{{source 1}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{source 2|}}}|<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%"{{!}}ແຫຼ່ງທີ່ມາ 2: {{{source 2}}}}}|{{!}}{{Citation needed|date={{{date|}}}}}}} |}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Please add interwikis and categories to the /doc subpage --> </noinclude> mrv1tef7xoowz4lgbt06j9tgfwrihcv 130138 130134 2026-08-21T07:09:11Z Khomphoi28 15846 /* */ 130138 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{| class="wikitable {{#if:{{{open|}}}||collapsible {{#if:{{{collapsed|}}}|collapsed}}}}" style="width:{{{width|90%}}}; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height: 1.1em; margin:auto;"{{#if:{{{open|}}}|<nowiki/> {{!}}+ຂໍ້ມູນພູມອາກາດຂອງ{{#if:{{{location|}}}|{{{location}}}|<nowiki>{{{location}}}</nowiki>}}|<nowiki/> {{!-}} !colspan="14" {{!}}ຂໍ້ມູນພູມອາກາດຂອງ{{#if:{{{location|}}}|{{{location}}}|<nowiki>{{{location}}}</nowiki>}}}} |- ! ເດືອນ ! ມ.ກ. ! ກ.ພ. ! ມ.ນ. ! ມ.ສ. ! ພ.ພ. ! ມິ.ນ. ! ກ.ລ. ! ສ.ຫ. ! ກ.ຍ. ! ຕ.ລ. ! ພ.ຈ. ! ທ.ວ. !style="border-left-width:medium" |ໝົດປີ<!-- FIRST LINE MAXIMUM HUMIDEX-->{{#if:{{{Jan maximum humidex|}}}{{{Feb maximum humidex|}}}{{{Mar maximum humidex|}}}{{{Apr maximum humidex|}}}{{{May maximum humidex|}}}{{{Jun maximum humidex|}}}{{{Jul maximum humidex|}}}{{{Aug maximum humidex|}}}{{{Sep maximum humidex|}}}{{{Oct maximum humidex|}}}{{{Nov maximum humidex|}}}{{{Dec maximum humidex|}}}|{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}{{{single line|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{temperature colour}}}</code> is not a valid temperature color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|temperature colour=pastel</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>temperature colour</code> parameter for the standard coloring.'''</span>|pastel|t=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/oneline |label=[[ດັດຊະນີຄວາມຮ້ອນ]] |show=1 |sc={{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}} |f=1<!-- MAXIMUM HUMIDEX VALUES--> |jan1={{{Jan maximum humidex|}}} |feb1={{{Feb maximum humidex|}}} |mar1={{{Mar maximum humidex|}}} |apr1={{{Apr maximum humidex|}}} |may1={{{May maximum humidex|}}} |jun1={{{Jun maximum humidex|}}} |jul1={{{Jul maximum humidex|}}} |aug1={{{Aug maximum humidex|}}} |sep1={{{Sep maximum humidex|}}} |oct1={{{Oct maximum humidex|}}} |nov1={{{Nov maximum humidex|}}} |dec1={{{Dec maximum humidex|}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year maximum humidex|}}}|{{{year maximum humidex}}}|{{#iferror:{{Max/27|{{{Jan maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Feb maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Mar maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Apr maximum humidex|}}}|{{{May maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Jun maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Jul maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Aug maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Sep maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Oct maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Nov maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Dec maximum humidex|}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}}}<!-- FIRST LINE RECORD HIGH TEMPERATURES-->{{#if:{{{Jan record high C|}}}{{{Feb record high C|}}}{{{Mar record high C|}}}{{{Apr record high C|}}}{{{May record high C|}}}{{{Jun record high C|}}}{{{Jul record high C|}}}{{{Aug record high C|}}}{{{Sep record high C|}}}{{{Oct record high C|}}}{{{Nov record high C|}}}{{{Dec record high C|}}}{{{Jan record high F|}}}{{{Feb record high F|}}}{{{Mar record high F|}}}{{{Apr record high F|}}}{{{May record high F|}}}{{{Jun record high F|}}}{{{Jul record high F|}}}{{{Aug record high F|}}}{{{Sep record high F|}}}{{{Oct record high F|}}}{{{Nov record high F|}}}{{{Dec record high F|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{temperature colour}}}</code> is not a valid temperature color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|temperature colour=pastel</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>temperature colour</code> parameter for the standard coloring.'''</span>|pastel|t=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/line |label=ອຸນຫະພູມສູງສຸດທີ່ເຄີຍບັນທຶກ °{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|C|F}} {{#if:{{{single line|}}}|(°{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|F|C}})}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|1|2}} |alt={{#if:{{{single line|}}}|{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}}}} |sc={{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}} |f=1<!-- RECORD HIGH TEMPERATURES METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan record high C|}}}|{{{Jan record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jan record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb record high C|}}}|{{{Feb record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Feb record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar record high C|}}}|{{{Mar record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Mar record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr record high C|}}}|{{{Apr record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Apr record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May record high C|}}}|{{{May record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{May record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{May record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun record high C|}}}|{{{Jun record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jun record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul record high C|}}}|{{{Jul record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jul record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug record high C|}}}|{{{Aug record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Aug record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep record high C|}}}|{{{Sep record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Sep record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct record high C|}}}|{{{Oct record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Oct record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov record high C|}}}|{{{Nov record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Nov record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec record high C|}}}|{{{Dec record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Dec record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year record high C|}}}|{{{year record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{year record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{year record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year record high F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{Max/27|{{{Jan record high C|}}}|{{{Feb record high C|}}}|{{{Mar record high C|}}}|{{{Apr record high C|}}}|{{{May record high C|}}}|{{{Jun record high C|}}}|{{{Jul record high C|}}}|{{{Aug record high C|}}}|{{{Sep record high C|}}}|{{{Oct record high C|}}}|{{{Nov record high C|}}}|{{{Dec record high C|}}}|{{#expr:({{Max/27|{{#if:{{{Jan record high F|}}}|{{{Jan record high F}}}|-40}}|{{{Feb record high F|}}}|{{{Mar record high F|}}}|{{{Apr record high F|}}}|{{{May record high F|}}}|{{{Jun record high F|}}}|{{{Jul record high F|}}}|{{{Aug record high F|}}}|{{{Sep record high F|}}}|{{{Oct record high F|}}}|{{{Nov record high F|}}}|{{{Dec record high F|}}}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{#if:{{{Jan record high F|}}}|{{{Jan record high F}}}|1}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- RECORD HIGH TEMPERATURES IMPERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan record high F|}}}|{{{Jan record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jan record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb record high F|}}}|{{{Feb record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Feb record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar record high F|}}}|{{{Mar record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Mar record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr record high F|}}}|{{{Apr record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Apr record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May record high F|}}}|{{{May record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{May record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{May record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun record high F|}}}|{{{Jun record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jun record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul record high F|}}}|{{{Jul record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jul record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug record high F|}}}|{{{Aug record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Aug record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep record high F|}}}|{{{Sep record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Sep record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct record high F|}}}|{{{Oct record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Oct record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov record high F|}}}|{{{Nov record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Nov record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec record high F|}}}|{{{Dec record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Dec record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year record high F|}}}|{{{year record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{year record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{year record high C}}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{Max/27|{{{Jan record high F|}}}|{{{Feb record high F|}}}|{{{Mar record high F|}}}|{{{Apr record high F|}}}|{{{May record high F|}}}|{{{Jun record high F|}}}|{{{Jul record high F|}}}|{{{Aug record high F|}}}|{{{Sep record high F|}}}|{{{Oct record high F|}}}|{{{Nov record high F|}}}|{{{Dec record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{Max/27|{{#if:{{{Jan record high C|}}}|{{{Jan record high C}}}|-40}}|{{{Feb record high C|}}}|{{{Mar record high C|}}}|{{{Apr record high C|}}}|{{{May record high C|}}}|{{{Jun record high C|}}}|{{{Jul record high C|}}}|{{{Aug record high C|}}}|{{{Sep record high C|}}}|{{{Oct record high C|}}}|{{{Nov record high C|}}}|{{{Dec record high C|}}}}})*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{#if:{{{Jan record high C|}}}|{{{Jan record high C}}}|1}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- FIRST LINE AVERAGE HIGH TEMPERATURES-->{{#if:{{{Jan high C|}}}{{{Feb high C|}}}{{{Mar high C|}}}{{{Apr high C|}}}{{{May high C|}}}{{{Jun high C|}}}{{{Jul high C|}}}{{{Aug high C|}}}{{{Sep high C|}}}{{{Oct high C|}}}{{{Nov high C|}}}{{{Dec high C|}}}{{{Jan high F|}}}{{{Feb high F|}}}{{{Mar high F|}}}{{{Apr high F|}}}{{{May high F|}}}{{{Jun high F|}}}{{{Jul high F|}}}{{{Aug high F|}}}{{{Sep high F|}}}{{{Oct high F|}}}{{{Nov high F|}}}{{{Dec high F|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{temperature colour}}}</code> is not a valid temperature color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|temperature colour=pastel</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>temperature colour</code> parameter for the standard coloring.'''</span>|pastel|t=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/line |label=ອຸນຫະພູມສູງສຸດສະເລ່ຍ °{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|C|F}} {{#if:{{{single line|}}}|(°{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|F|C}})}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|1|2}} |alt={{#if:{{{single line|}}}|{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}}}} |sc={{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}} |f=1<!-- AVERAGE HIGH TEMPERATURES METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan high C|}}}|{{{Jan high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jan high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb high C|}}}|{{{Feb high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Feb high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar high C|}}}|{{{Mar high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Mar high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr high C|}}}|{{{Apr high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Apr high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May high C|}}}|{{{May high C}}}|{{#if:{{{May high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{May high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun high C|}}}|{{{Jun high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jun high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul high C|}}}|{{{Jul high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jul high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug high C|}}}|{{{Aug high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Aug high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep high C|}}}|{{{Sep high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Sep high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct high C|}}}|{{{Oct high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Oct high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov high C|}}}|{{{Nov high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Nov high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec high C|}}}|{{{Dec high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Dec high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year high C|}}}|{{{year high C}}}|{{#if:{{{year high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{year high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year high F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan high C|}}}|{{{Jan high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb high C|}}}|{{{Feb high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar high C|}}}|{{{Mar high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr high C|}}}|{{{Apr high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May high C|}}}|{{{May high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun high C|}}}|{{{Jun high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul high C|}}}|{{{Jul high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug high C|}}}|{{{Aug high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep high C|}}}|{{{Sep high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct high C|}}}|{{{Oct high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov high C|}}}|{{{Nov high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec high C|}}}|{{{Dec high C}}}|foo}})/12 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan high C}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: (({{#if:{{{Jan high F|}}}|{{{Jan high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb high F|}}}|{{{Feb high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar high F|}}}|{{{Mar high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr high F|}}}|{{{Apr high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May high F|}}}|{{{May high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun high F|}}}|{{{Jun high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul high F|}}}|{{{Jul high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug high F|}}}|{{{Aug high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep high F|}}}|{{{Sep high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct high F|}}}|{{{Oct high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov high F|}}}|{{{Nov high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec high F|}}}|{{{Dec high F}}}|foo}})/12-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan high F}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- AVERAGE HIGH TEMPERATURES IMPERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan high F|}}}|{{{Jan high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jan high C}}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb high F|}}}|{{{Feb high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Feb high C}}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar high F|}}}|{{{Mar high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Mar high C}}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr high F|}}}|{{{Apr high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Apr high C}}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May high F|}}}|{{{May high F}}}|{{#if:{{{May high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{May high C}}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun high F|}}}|{{{Jun high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jun high C}}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul high F|}}}|{{{Jul high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jul high C}}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug high F|}}}|{{{Aug high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Aug high C}}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep high F|}}}|{{{Sep high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Sep high C}}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct high F|}}}|{{{Oct high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Oct high C}}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov high F|}}}|{{{Nov high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Nov high C}}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec high F|}}}|{{{Dec high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Dec high C}}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year high F|}}}|{{{year high F}}}|{{#if:{{{year high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{year high C}}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan high F|}}}|{{{Jan high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb high F|}}}|{{{Feb high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar high F|}}}|{{{Mar high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr high F|}}}|{{{Apr high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May high F|}}}|{{{May high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun high F|}}}|{{{Jun high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul high F|}}}|{{{Jul high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug high F|}}}|{{{Aug high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep high F|}}}|{{{Sep high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct high F|}}}|{{{Oct high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov high F|}}}|{{{Nov high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec high F|}}}|{{{Dec high F}}}|foo}})/12 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan high F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan high C|}}}|{{{Jan high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb high C|}}}|{{{Feb high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar high C|}}}|{{{Mar high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr high C|}}}|{{{Apr high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May high C|}}}|{{{May high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun high C|}}}|{{{Jun high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul high C|}}}|{{{Jul high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug high C|}}}|{{{Aug high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep high C|}}}|{{{Sep high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct high C|}}}|{{{Oct high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov high C|}}}|{{{Nov high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec high C|}}}|{{{Dec high C}}}|foo}})/12*1.8+32 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan high C}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- FIRST LINE DAILY MEAN TEMPERATURES-->{{#if:{{{Jan mean C|}}}{{{Feb mean C|}}}{{{Mar mean C|}}}{{{Apr mean C|}}}{{{May mean C|}}}{{{Jun mean C|}}}{{{Jul mean C|}}}{{{Aug mean C|}}}{{{Sep mean C|}}}{{{Oct mean C|}}}{{{Nov mean C|}}}{{{Dec mean C|}}}{{{Jan mean F|}}}{{{Feb mean F|}}}{{{Mar mean F|}}}{{{Apr mean F|}}}{{{May mean F|}}}{{{Jun mean F|}}}{{{Jul mean F|}}}{{{Aug mean F|}}}{{{Sep mean F|}}}{{{Oct mean F|}}}{{{Nov mean F|}}}{{{Dec mean F|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{temperature colour}}}</code> is not a valid temperature color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|temperature colour=pastel</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>temperature colour</code> parameter for the standard coloring.'''</span>|pastel|t=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/line |label=ອຸນຫະພູມສະເລ່ຍໃນແຕ່ລະວັນ °{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|C|F}} {{#if:{{{single line|}}}|(°{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|F|C}})}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|1|2}} |alt={{#if:{{{single line|}}}|{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}}}} |sc={{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}} |f=1<!-- DAILY MEAN TEMPERATURES METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan mean C|}}}|{{{Jan mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jan mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb mean C|}}}|{{{Feb mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Feb mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar mean C|}}}|{{{Mar mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Mar mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr mean C|}}}|{{{Apr mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Apr mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May mean C|}}}|{{{May mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{May mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{May mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun mean C|}}}|{{{Jun mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jun mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul mean C|}}}|{{{Jul mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jul mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug mean C|}}}|{{{Aug mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Aug mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep mean C|}}}|{{{Sep mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Sep mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct mean C|}}}|{{{Oct mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Oct mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov mean C|}}}|{{{Nov mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Nov mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec mean C|}}}|{{{Dec mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Dec mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year mean C|}}}|{{{year mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{year mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{year mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year mean F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan mean C|}}}|{{{Jan mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb mean C|}}}|{{{Feb mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar mean C|}}}|{{{Mar mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr mean C|}}}|{{{Apr mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May mean C|}}}|{{{May mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun mean C|}}}|{{{Jun mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul mean C|}}}|{{{Jul mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug mean C|}}}|{{{Aug mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep mean C|}}}|{{{Sep mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct mean C|}}}|{{{Oct mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov mean C|}}}|{{{Nov mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec mean C|}}}|{{{Dec mean C}}}|foo}})/12 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan mean C}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: (({{#if:{{{Jan mean F|}}}|{{{Jan mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb mean F|}}}|{{{Feb mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar mean F|}}}|{{{Mar mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr mean F|}}}|{{{Apr mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May mean F|}}}|{{{May mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun mean F|}}}|{{{Jun mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul mean F|}}}|{{{Jul mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug mean F|}}}|{{{Aug mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep mean F|}}}|{{{Sep mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct mean F|}}}|{{{Oct mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov mean F|}}}|{{{Nov mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec mean F|}}}|{{{Dec mean F}}}|foo}})/12-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan mean F}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- DAILY MEAN TEMPERATURES IMPERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan mean F|}}}|{{{Jan mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jan mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb mean F|}}}|{{{Feb mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Feb mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar mean F|}}}|{{{Mar mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Mar mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr mean F|}}}|{{{Apr mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Apr mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May mean F|}}}|{{{May mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{May mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{May mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun mean F|}}}|{{{Jun mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jun mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul mean F|}}}|{{{Jul mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jul mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug mean F|}}}|{{{Aug mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Aug mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep mean F|}}}|{{{Sep mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Sep mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct mean F|}}}|{{{Oct mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Oct mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov mean F|}}}|{{{Nov mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Nov mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec mean F|}}}|{{{Dec mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Dec mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year mean F|}}}|{{{year mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{year mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{year mean C}}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan mean F|}}}|{{{Jan mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb mean F|}}}|{{{Feb mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar mean F|}}}|{{{Mar mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr mean F|}}}|{{{Apr mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May mean F|}}}|{{{May mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun mean F|}}}|{{{Jun mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul mean F|}}}|{{{Jul mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug mean F|}}}|{{{Aug mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep mean F|}}}|{{{Sep mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct mean F|}}}|{{{Oct mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov mean F|}}}|{{{Nov mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec mean F|}}}|{{{Dec mean F}}}|foo}})/12 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan mean F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan mean C|}}}|{{{Jan mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb mean C|}}}|{{{Feb mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar mean C|}}}|{{{Mar mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr mean C|}}}|{{{Apr mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May mean C|}}}|{{{May mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun mean C|}}}|{{{Jun mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul mean C|}}}|{{{Jul mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug mean C|}}}|{{{Aug mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep mean C|}}}|{{{Sep mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct mean C|}}}|{{{Oct mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov mean C|}}}|{{{Nov mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec mean C|}}}|{{{Dec mean C}}}|foo}})/12*1.8+32 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan mean C}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- FIRST LINE AVERAGE LOW TEMPERATURES-->{{#if:{{{Jan low C|}}}{{{Feb low C|}}}{{{Mar low C|}}}{{{Apr low C|}}}{{{May low C|}}}{{{Jun low C|}}}{{{Jul low C|}}}{{{Aug low C|}}}{{{Sep low C|}}}{{{Oct low C|}}}{{{Nov low C|}}}{{{Dec low C|}}}{{{Jan low F|}}}{{{Feb low F|}}}{{{Mar low F|}}}{{{Apr low F|}}}{{{May low F|}}}{{{Jun low F|}}}{{{Jul low F|}}}{{{Aug low F|}}}{{{Sep low F|}}}{{{Oct low F|}}}{{{Nov low F|}}}{{{Dec low F|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{temperature colour}}}</code> is not a valid temperature color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|temperature colour=pastel</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>temperature colour</code> parameter for the standard coloring.'''</span>|pastel|t=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/line |label=ອຸນຫະພູມຕໍ່າສຸດສະເລ່ຍ °{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|C|F}} {{#if:{{{single line|}}}|(°{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|F|C}})}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|1|2}} |alt={{#if:{{{single line|}}}|{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}}}} |sc={{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}} |f=1<!-- AVERAGE LOW TEMPERATURES METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan low C|}}}|{{{Jan low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jan low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb low C|}}}|{{{Feb low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Feb low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar low C|}}}|{{{Mar low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Mar low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr low C|}}}|{{{Apr low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Apr low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May low C|}}}|{{{May low C}}}|{{#if:{{{May low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{May low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun low C|}}}|{{{Jun low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jun low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul low C|}}}|{{{Jul low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jul low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug low C|}}}|{{{Aug low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Aug low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep low C|}}}|{{{Sep low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Sep low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct low C|}}}|{{{Oct low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Oct low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov low C|}}}|{{{Nov low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Nov low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec low C|}}}|{{{Dec low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Dec low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year low C|}}}|{{{year low C}}}|{{#if:{{{year low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{year low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year low F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan low C|}}}|{{{Jan low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb low C|}}}|{{{Feb low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar low C|}}}|{{{Mar low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr low C|}}}|{{{Apr low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May low C|}}}|{{{May low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun low C|}}}|{{{Jun low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul low C|}}}|{{{Jul low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug low C|}}}|{{{Aug low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep low C|}}}|{{{Sep low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct low C|}}}|{{{Oct low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov low C|}}}|{{{Nov low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec low C|}}}|{{{Dec low C}}}|foo}})/12 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan low C}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: (({{#if:{{{Jan low F|}}}|{{{Jan low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb low F|}}}|{{{Feb low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar low F|}}}|{{{Mar low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr low F|}}}|{{{Apr low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May low F|}}}|{{{May low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun low F|}}}|{{{Jun low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul low F|}}}|{{{Jul low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug low F|}}}|{{{Aug low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep low F|}}}|{{{Sep low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct low F|}}}|{{{Oct low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov low F|}}}|{{{Nov low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec low F|}}}|{{{Dec low F}}}|foo}})/12-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan low F}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- AVERAGE LOW TEMPERATURES IMPERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan low F|}}}|{{{Jan low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jan low C}}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb low F|}}}|{{{Feb low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Feb low C}}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar low F|}}}|{{{Mar low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Mar low C}}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr low F|}}}|{{{Apr low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Apr low C}}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May low F|}}}|{{{May low F}}}|{{#if:{{{May low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{May low C}}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun low F|}}}|{{{Jun low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jun low C}}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul low F|}}}|{{{Jul low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jul low C}}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug low F|}}}|{{{Aug low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Aug low C}}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep low F|}}}|{{{Sep low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Sep low C}}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct low F|}}}|{{{Oct low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Oct low C}}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov low F|}}}|{{{Nov low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Nov low C}}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec low F|}}}|{{{Dec low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Dec low C}}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year low F|}}}|{{{year low F}}}|{{#if:{{{year low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{year low C}}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan low F|}}}|{{{Jan low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb low F|}}}|{{{Feb low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar low F|}}}|{{{Mar low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr low F|}}}|{{{Apr low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May low F|}}}|{{{May low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun low F|}}}|{{{Jun low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul low F|}}}|{{{Jul low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug low F|}}}|{{{Aug low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep low F|}}}|{{{Sep low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct low F|}}}|{{{Oct low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov low F|}}}|{{{Nov low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec low F|}}}|{{{Dec low F}}}|foo}})/12 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan low F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan low C|}}}|{{{Jan low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb low C|}}}|{{{Feb low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar low C|}}}|{{{Mar low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr low C|}}}|{{{Apr low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May low C|}}}|{{{May low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun low C|}}}|{{{Jun low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul low C|}}}|{{{Jul low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug low C|}}}|{{{Aug low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep low C|}}}|{{{Sep low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct low C|}}}|{{{Oct low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov low C|}}}|{{{Nov low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec low C|}}}|{{{Dec low C}}}|foo}})/12*1.8+32 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan low C}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- FIRST LINE RECORD LOW TEMPERATURES-->{{#if:{{{Jan record low C|}}}{{{Feb record low C|}}}{{{Mar record low C|}}}{{{Apr record low C|}}}{{{May record low C|}}}{{{Jun record low C|}}}{{{Jul record low C|}}}{{{Aug record low C|}}}{{{Sep record low C|}}}{{{Oct record low C|}}}{{{Nov record low C|}}}{{{Dec record low C|}}}{{{Jan record low F|}}}{{{Feb record low F|}}}{{{Mar record low F|}}}{{{Apr record low F|}}}{{{May record low F|}}}{{{Jun record low F|}}}{{{Jul record low F|}}}{{{Aug record low F|}}}{{{Sep record low F|}}}{{{Oct record low F|}}}{{{Nov record low F|}}}{{{Dec record low F|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{temperature colour}}}</code> is not a valid temperature color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|temperature colour=pastel</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>temperature colour</code> parameter for the standard coloring.'''</span>|pastel|t=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/line |label=ອຸນຫະພູມຕໍ່າສຸດທີ່ເຄີຍບັນທຶກ °{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|C|F}} {{#if:{{{single line|}}}|(°{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|F|C}})}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|1|2}} |alt={{#if:{{{single line|}}}|{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}}}} |sc={{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}} |f=1<!-- RECORD LOW TEMPERATURES METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan record low C|}}}|{{{Jan record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jan record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb record low C|}}}|{{{Feb record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Feb record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar record low C|}}}|{{{Mar record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Mar record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr record low C|}}}|{{{Apr record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Apr record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May record low C|}}}|{{{May record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{May record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{May record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun record low C|}}}|{{{Jun record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jun record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul record low C|}}}|{{{Jul record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jul record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug record low C|}}}|{{{Aug record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Aug record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep record low C|}}}|{{{Sep record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Sep record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct record low C|}}}|{{{Oct record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Oct record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov record low C|}}}|{{{Nov record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Nov record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec record low C|}}}|{{{Dec record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Dec record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year record low C|}}}|{{{year record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{year record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{year record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year record low F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{Min/27|{{{Jan record low C|}}}|{{{Feb record low C|}}}|{{{Mar record low C|}}}|{{{Apr record low C|}}}|{{{May record low C|}}}|{{{Jun record low C|}}}|{{{Jul record low C|}}}|{{{Aug record low C|}}}|{{{Sep record low C|}}}|{{{Oct record low C|}}}|{{{Nov record low C|}}}|{{{Dec record low C|}}}|{{#expr:({{Min/27|{{#if:{{{Jan record low F|}}}|{{{Jan record low F}}}|100}}|{{{Feb record low F|}}}|{{{Mar record low F|}}}|{{{Apr record low F|}}}|{{{May record low F|}}}|{{{Jun record low F|}}}|{{{Jul record low F|}}}|{{{Aug record low F|}}}|{{{Sep record low F|}}}|{{{Oct record low F|}}}|{{{Nov record low F|}}}|{{{Dec record low F|}}}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{#if:{{{Jan record low F|}}}|{{{Jan record low F}}}|1}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- RECORD LOW TEMPERATURES IMPERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan record low F|}}}|{{{Jan record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jan record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb record low F|}}}|{{{Feb record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Feb record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar record low F|}}}|{{{Mar record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Mar record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr record low F|}}}|{{{Apr record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Apr record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May record low F|}}}|{{{May record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{May record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{May record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun record low F|}}}|{{{Jun record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jun record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul record low F|}}}|{{{Jul record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jul record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug record low F|}}}|{{{Aug record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Aug record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep record low F|}}}|{{{Sep record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Sep record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct record low F|}}}|{{{Oct record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Oct record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov record low F|}}}|{{{Nov record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Nov record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec record low F|}}}|{{{Dec record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Dec record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year record low F|}}}|{{{year record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{year record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{year record low C}}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{Min/27|{{{Jan record low F|}}}|{{{Feb record low F|}}}|{{{Mar record low F|}}}|{{{Apr record low F|}}}|{{{May record low F|}}}|{{{Jun record low F|}}}|{{{Jul record low F|}}}|{{{Aug record low F|}}}|{{{Sep record low F|}}}|{{{Oct record low F|}}}|{{{Nov record low F|}}}|{{{Dec record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{Min/27|{{#if:{{{Jan record low C|}}}|{{{Jan record low C}}}|38}}|{{{Feb record low C|}}}|{{{Mar record low C|}}}|{{{Apr record low C|}}}|{{{May record low C|}}}|{{{Jun record low C|}}}|{{{Jul record low C|}}}|{{{Aug record low C|}}}|{{{Sep record low C|}}}|{{{Oct record low C|}}}|{{{Nov record low C|}}}|{{{Dec record low C|}}}}})*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{#if:{{{Jan record low C|}}}|{{{Jan record low C}}}|1}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- FIRST LINE MINIMUM WIND CHILL-->{{#if:{{{Jan chill|}}}{{{Feb chill|}}}{{{Mar chill|}}}{{{Apr chill|}}}{{{May chill|}}}{{{Jun chill|}}}{{{Jul chill|}}}{{{Aug chill|}}}{{{Sep chill|}}}{{{Oct chill|}}}{{{Nov chill|}}}{{{Dec chill|}}}|{{#if:{{{single line|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{temperature colour}}}</code> is not a valid temperature color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|temperature colour=pastel</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>temperature colour</code> parameter for the standard coloring.'''</span>|pastel|t=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/oneline |label=[[Wind chill]] |show=1 |sc={{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}} |f=1 |jan1={{{Jan chill|}}} |feb1={{{Feb chill|}}} |mar1={{{Mar chill|}}} |apr1={{{Apr chill|}}} |may1={{{May chill|}}} |jun1={{{Jun chill|}}} |jul1={{{Jul chill|}}} |aug1={{{Aug chill|}}} |sep1={{{Sep chill|}}} |oct1={{{Oct chill|}}} |nov1={{{Nov chill|}}} |dec1={{{Dec chill|}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year chill|}}}|{{{year chill}}}|{{#iferror:{{Min/27|{{{Jan chill|}}}|{{{Feb chill|}}}|{{{Mar chill|}}}|{{{Apr chill|}}}|{{{May chill|}}}|{{{Jun chill|}}}|{{{Jul chill|}}}|{{{Aug chill|}}}|{{{Sep chill|}}}|{{{Oct chill|}}}|{{{Nov chill|}}}|{{{Dec chill|}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}|{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{temperature colour}}}</code> is not a valid temperature color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|temperature colour=pastel</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>temperature colour</code> parameter for the standard coloring.'''</span>|pastel|t=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/oneline |label=[[Wind chill]] |show=1 |sc={{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}} |f=1 |jan1={{{Jan chill|}}} |feb1={{{Feb chill|}}} |mar1={{{Mar chill|}}} |apr1={{{Apr chill|}}} |may1={{{May chill|}}} |jun1={{{Jun chill|}}} |jul1={{{Jul chill|}}} |aug1={{{Aug chill|}}} |sep1={{{Sep chill|}}} |oct1={{{Oct chill|}}} |nov1={{{Nov chill|}}} |dec1={{{Dec chill|}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year chill|}}}|{{{year chill}}}|{{#iferror:{{Min/27|{{{Jan chill|}}}|{{{Feb chill|}}}|{{{Mar chill|}}}|{{{Apr chill|}}}|{{{May chill|}}}|{{{Jun chill|}}}|{{{Jul chill|}}}|{{{Aug chill|}}}|{{{Sep chill|}}}|{{{Oct chill|}}}|{{{Nov chill|}}}|{{{Dec chill|}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}}}}}<!-- FIRST LINE TOTAL PRECIPITATION-->{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation cm|}}}{{{Feb precipitation cm|}}}{{{Mar precipitation cm|}}}{{{Apr precipitation cm|}}}{{{May precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jun precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jul precipitation cm|}}}{{{Aug precipitation cm|}}}{{{Sep precipitation cm|}}}{{{Oct precipitation cm|}}}{{{Nov precipitation cm|}}}{{{Dec precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jan precipitation mm|}}}{{{Feb precipitation mm|}}}{{{Mar precipitation mm|}}}{{{Apr precipitation mm|}}}{{{May precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jun precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jul precipitation mm|}}}{{{Aug precipitation mm|}}}{{{Sep precipitation mm|}}}{{{Oct precipitation mm|}}}{{{Nov precipitation mm|}}}{{{Dec precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jan precipitation inch|}}}{{{Feb precipitation inch|}}}{{{Mar precipitation inch|}}}{{{Apr precipitation inch|}}}{{{May precipitation inch|}}}{{{Jun precipitation inch|}}}{{{Jul precipitation inch|}}}{{{Aug precipitation inch|}}}{{{Sep precipitation inch|}}}{{{Oct precipitation inch|}}}{{{Nov precipitation inch|}}}{{{Dec precipitation inch|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{precipitation colour|}}}|{{{precipitation colour}}}|p}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{precipitation colour}}}</code> is not a valid precipitation color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|precipitation colour=green</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>precipitation colour</code> parameter for the standard blue coloring.'''</span>|green|p=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/line/date |label=[[ຢາດນໍ້າຟ້າ]] {{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation cm|}}}{{{Feb precipitation cm|}}}{{{Mar precipitation cm|}}}{{{Apr precipitation cm|}}}{{{May precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jun precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jul precipitation cm|}}}{{{Aug precipitation cm|}}}{{{Sep precipitation cm|}}}{{{Oct precipitation cm|}}}{{{Nov precipitation cm|}}}{{{Dec precipitation cm|}}}|ຊ|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation mm|}}}{{{Feb precipitation mm|}}}{{{Mar precipitation mm|}}}{{{Apr precipitation mm|}}}{{{May precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jun precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jul precipitation mm|}}}{{{Aug precipitation mm|}}}{{{Sep precipitation mm|}}}{{{Oct precipitation mm|}}}{{{Nov precipitation mm|}}}{{{Dec precipitation mm|}}}|ມ|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch|}}}}}<1|ຊ|ມ}}}}}}ມ|ນິ້ວ}} {{#if:{{{single line|}}}|({{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|ນິ້ວ|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation cm|}}}{{{Feb precipitation cm|}}}{{{Mar precipitation cm|}}}{{{Apr precipitation cm|}}}{{{May precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jun precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jul precipitation cm|}}}{{{Aug precipitation cm|}}}{{{Sep precipitation cm|}}}{{{Oct precipitation cm|}}}{{{Nov precipitation cm|}}}{{{Dec precipitation cm|}}}|ຊ|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation mm|}}}{{{Feb precipitation mm|}}}{{{Mar precipitation mm|}}}{{{Apr precipitation mm|}}}{{{May precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jun precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jul precipitation mm|}}}{{{Aug precipitation mm|}}}{{{Sep precipitation mm|}}}{{{Oct precipitation mm|}}}{{{Nov precipitation mm|}}}{{{Dec precipitation mm|}}}|ມ|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch|}}}}}<1|ຊ|ມ}}}}}}ມ}})}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|1|2}} |alt={{#if:{{{single line|}}}|{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}}}} |sc={{#if:{{{precipitation colour|}}}|{{{precipitation colour}}}|p}} |f={{#if:{{{Jan precipitation cm|}}}{{{Feb precipitation cm|}}}{{{Mar precipitation cm|}}}{{{Apr precipitation cm|}}}{{{May precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jun precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jul precipitation cm|}}}{{{Aug precipitation cm|}}}{{{Sep precipitation cm|}}}{{{Oct precipitation cm|}}}{{{Nov precipitation cm|}}}{{{Dec precipitation cm|}}}|10|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation mm|}}}{{{Feb precipitation mm|}}}{{{Mar precipitation mm|}}}{{{Apr precipitation mm|}}}{{{May precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jun precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jul precipitation mm|}}}{{{Aug precipitation mm|}}}{{{Sep precipitation mm|}}}{{{Oct precipitation mm|}}}{{{Nov precipitation mm|}}}{{{Dec precipitation mm|}}}|1|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch|}}}}}<1|10|1}}}}}}<!-- TOTAL PRECIPITATION METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Feb precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Mar precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Apr precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May precipitation cm|}}}|{{{May precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{May precipitation mm|}}}|{{{May precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{May precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{May precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{May precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{May precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Jun precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Jul precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Aug precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Sep precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Oct precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Nov precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Dec precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year precipitation cm|}}}|{{{year precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{year precipitation mm|}}}|{{{year precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{year precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{year precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{year precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{year precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May precipitation cm|}}}|{{{May precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation cm}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May precipitation mm|}}}|{{{May precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation mm}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May precipitation inch|}}}|{{{May precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation inch}}}|foo}}){{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|*2.54 round 0|*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- TOTAL PRECIPITATION IMPERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May precipitation inch|}}}|{{{May precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{May precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{May precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year precipitation inch|}}}|{{{year precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{year precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{year precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May precipitation inch|}}}|{{{May precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation inch}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May precipitation cm|}}}|{{{May precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation cm}}}|foo}})/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May precipitation mm|}}}|{{{May precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation mm}}}|foo}})/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- FIRST LINE RAINFALL-->{{#if:{{{Jan rain cm|}}}{{{Feb rain cm|}}}{{{Mar rain cm|}}}{{{Apr rain cm|}}}{{{May rain cm|}}}{{{Jun rain cm|}}}{{{Jul rain cm|}}}{{{Aug rain cm|}}}{{{Sep rain cm|}}}{{{Oct rain cm|}}}{{{Nov rain cm|}}}{{{Dec rain cm|}}}{{{Jan rain mm|}}}{{{Feb rain mm|}}}{{{Mar rain mm|}}}{{{Apr rain mm|}}}{{{May rain mm|}}}{{{Jun rain mm|}}}{{{Jul rain mm|}}}{{{Aug rain mm|}}}{{{Sep rain mm|}}}{{{Oct rain mm|}}}{{{Nov rain mm|}}}{{{Dec rain mm|}}}{{{Jan rain inch|}}}{{{Feb rain inch|}}}{{{Mar rain inch|}}}{{{Apr rain inch|}}}{{{May rain inch|}}}{{{Jun rain inch|}}}{{{Jul rain inch|}}}{{{Aug rain inch|}}}{{{Sep rain inch|}}}{{{Oct rain inch|}}}{{{Nov rain inch|}}}{{{Dec rain inch|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{rain colour|}}}|{{{rain colour}}}|p}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{rain colour}}}</code> is not a valid rain color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|rain colour=green</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>rain colour</code> parameter for the standard blue coloring.'''</span>|green|p=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/line/date |label=ປະລິມານຝົນ {{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan rain cm|}}}{{{Feb rain cm|}}}{{{Mar rain cm|}}}{{{Apr rain cm|}}}{{{May rain cm|}}}{{{Jun rain cm|}}}{{{Jul rain cm|}}}{{{Aug rain cm|}}}{{{Sep rain cm|}}}{{{Oct rain cm|}}}{{{Nov rain cm|}}}{{{Dec rain cm|}}}|ຊ|{{#if:{{{Jan rain mm|}}}{{{Feb rain mm|}}}{{{Mar rain mm|}}}{{{Apr rain mm|}}}{{{May rain mm|}}}{{{Jun rain mm|}}}{{{Jul rain mm|}}}{{{Aug rain mm|}}}{{{Sep rain mm|}}}{{{Oct rain mm|}}}{{{Nov rain mm|}}}{{{Dec rain mm|}}}|ມ|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch|}}}}}<1|c|m}}}}}}ມ|ນິ້ວ}} {{#if:{{{single line|}}}|({{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|ນິ້ວ|{{#if:{{{Jan rain cm|}}}{{{Feb rain cm|}}}{{{Mar rain cm|}}}{{{Apr rain cm|}}}{{{May rain cm|}}}{{{Jun rain cm|}}}{{{Jul rain cm|}}}{{{Aug rain cm|}}}{{{Sep rain cm|}}}{{{Oct rain cm|}}}{{{Nov rain cm|}}}{{{Dec rain cm|}}}|c|{{#if:{{{Jan rain mm|}}}{{{Feb rain mm|}}}{{{Mar rain mm|}}}{{{Apr rain mm|}}}{{{May rain mm|}}}{{{Jun rain mm|}}}{{{Jul rain mm|}}}{{{Aug rain mm|}}}{{{Sep rain mm|}}}{{{Oct rain mm|}}}{{{Nov rain mm|}}}{{{Dec rain mm|}}}|ມ|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch|}}}}}<1|ຊ|ມ}}}}}}ມ}})}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|1|2}} |alt={{#if:{{{single line|}}}|{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}}}} |sc= {{#if:{{{rain colour|}}}|{{{rain colour}}}|p}} |f={{#if:{{{Jan rain cm|}}}{{{Feb rain cm|}}}{{{Mar rain cm|}}}{{{Apr rain cm|}}}{{{May rain cm|}}}{{{Jun rain cm|}}}{{{Jul rain cm|}}}{{{Aug rain cm|}}}{{{Sep rain cm|}}}{{{Oct rain cm|}}}{{{Nov rain cm|}}}{{{Dec rain cm|}}}|10|{{#if:{{{Jan rain mm|}}}{{{Feb rain mm|}}}{{{Mar rain mm|}}}{{{Apr rain mm|}}}{{{May rain mm|}}}{{{Jun rain mm|}}}{{{Jul rain mm|}}}{{{Aug rain mm|}}}{{{Sep rain mm|}}}{{{Oct rain mm|}}}{{{Nov rain mm|}}}{{{Dec rain mm|}}}|1|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch|}}}}}<1|10|1}}}}}}<!-- RAINFALL METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan rain cm|}}}|{{{Jan rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan rain mm|}}}|{{{Jan rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Jan rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb rain cm|}}}|{{{Feb rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb rain mm|}}}|{{{Feb rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Feb rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar rain cm|}}}|{{{Mar rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar rain mm|}}}|{{{Mar rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Mar rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr rain cm|}}}|{{{Apr rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr rain mm|}}}|{{{Apr rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Apr rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May rain cm|}}}|{{{May rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{May rain mm|}}}|{{{May rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{May rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{May rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{May rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{May rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun rain cm|}}}|{{{Jun rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun rain mm|}}}|{{{Jun rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Jun rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul rain cm|}}}|{{{Jul rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul rain mm|}}}|{{{Jul rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Jul rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug rain cm|}}}|{{{Aug rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug rain mm|}}}|{{{Aug rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Aug rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep rain cm|}}}|{{{Sep rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep rain mm|}}}|{{{Sep rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Sep rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct rain cm|}}}|{{{Oct rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct rain mm|}}}|{{{Oct rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Oct rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov rain cm|}}}|{{{Nov rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov rain mm|}}}|{{{Nov rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Nov rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec rain cm|}}}|{{{Dec rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec rain mm|}}}|{{{Dec rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Dec rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year rain cm|}}}|{{{year rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{year rain mm|}}}|{{{year rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{year rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{year rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{year rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{year rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan rain cm|}}}|{{{Jan rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb rain cm|}}}|{{{Feb rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar rain cm|}}}|{{{Mar rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr rain cm|}}}|{{{Apr rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May rain cm|}}}|{{{May rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun rain cm|}}}|{{{Jun rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul rain cm|}}}|{{{Jul rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug rain cm|}}}|{{{Aug rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep rain cm|}}}|{{{Sep rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct rain cm|}}}|{{{Oct rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov rain cm|}}}|{{{Nov rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec rain cm|}}}|{{{Dec rain cm}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan rain mm|}}}|{{{Jan rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb rain mm|}}}|{{{Feb rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar rain mm|}}}|{{{Mar rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr rain mm|}}}|{{{Apr rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May rain mm|}}}|{{{May rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun rain mm|}}}|{{{Jun rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul rain mm|}}}|{{{Jul rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug rain mm|}}}|{{{Aug rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep rain mm|}}}|{{{Sep rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct rain mm|}}}|{{{Oct rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov rain mm|}}}|{{{Nov rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec rain mm|}}}|{{{Dec rain mm}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan rain inch|}}}|{{{Jan rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb rain inch|}}}|{{{Feb rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar rain inch|}}}|{{{Mar rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr rain inch|}}}|{{{Apr rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May rain inch|}}}|{{{May rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun rain inch|}}}|{{{Jun rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul rain inch|}}}|{{{Jul rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug rain inch|}}}|{{{Aug rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep rain inch|}}}|{{{Sep rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct rain inch|}}}|{{{Oct rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov rain inch|}}}|{{{Nov rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec rain inch|}}}|{{{Dec rain inch}}}|foo}}){{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|*2.54 round 0|*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- RAINFALL IMPERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan rain inch|}}}|{{{Jan rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb rain inch|}}}|{{{Feb rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar rain inch|}}}|{{{Mar rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr rain inch|}}}|{{{Apr rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May rain inch|}}}|{{{May rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{May rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{May rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun rain inch|}}}|{{{Jun rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul rain inch|}}}|{{{Jul rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug rain inch|}}}|{{{Aug rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep rain inch|}}}|{{{Sep rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct rain inch|}}}|{{{Oct rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov rain inch|}}}|{{{Nov rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec rain inch|}}}|{{{Dec rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year rain inch|}}}|{{{year rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{year rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{year rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan rain inch|}}}|{{{Jan rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb rain inch|}}}|{{{Feb rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar rain inch|}}}|{{{Mar rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr rain inch|}}}|{{{Apr rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May rain inch|}}}|{{{May rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun rain inch|}}}|{{{Jun rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul rain inch|}}}|{{{Jul rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug rain inch|}}}|{{{Aug rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep rain inch|}}}|{{{Sep rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct rain inch|}}}|{{{Oct rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov rain inch|}}}|{{{Nov rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec rain inch|}}}|{{{Dec rain inch}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan rain cm|}}}|{{{Jan rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb rain cm|}}}|{{{Feb rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar rain cm|}}}|{{{Mar rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr rain cm|}}}|{{{Apr rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May rain cm|}}}|{{{May rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun rain cm|}}}|{{{Jun rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul rain cm|}}}|{{{Jul rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug rain cm|}}}|{{{Aug rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep rain cm|}}}|{{{Sep rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct rain cm|}}}|{{{Oct rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov rain cm|}}}|{{{Nov rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec rain cm|}}}|{{{Dec rain cm}}}|foo}})/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan rain mm|}}}|{{{Jan rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb rain mm|}}}|{{{Feb rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar rain mm|}}}|{{{Mar rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr rain mm|}}}|{{{Apr rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May rain mm|}}}|{{{May rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun rain mm|}}}|{{{Jun rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul rain mm|}}}|{{{Jul rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug rain mm|}}}|{{{Aug rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep rain mm|}}}|{{{Sep rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct rain mm|}}}|{{{Oct rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov rain mm|}}}|{{{Nov rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec rain mm|}}}|{{{Dec rain mm}}}|foo}})/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- FIRST LINE SNOWFALL-->{{#if:{{{Jan snow cm|}}}{{{Feb snow cm|}}}{{{Mar snow cm|}}}{{{Apr snow cm|}}}{{{May snow cm|}}}{{{Jun snow cm|}}}{{{Jul snow cm|}}}{{{Aug snow cm|}}}{{{Sep snow cm|}}}{{{Oct snow cm|}}}{{{Nov snow cm|}}}{{{Dec snow cm|}}}{{{Jan snow mm|}}}{{{Feb snow mm|}}}{{{Mar snow mm|}}}{{{Apr snow mm|}}}{{{May snow mm|}}}{{{Jun snow mm|}}}{{{Jul snow mm|}}}{{{Aug snow mm|}}}{{{Sep snow mm|}}}{{{Oct snow mm|}}}{{{Nov snow mm|}}}{{{Dec snow mm|}}}{{{Jan snow inch|}}}{{{Feb snow inch|}}}{{{Mar snow inch|}}}{{{Apr snow inch|}}}{{{May snow inch|}}}{{{Jun snow inch|}}}{{{Jul snow inch|}}}{{{Aug snow inch|}}}{{{Sep snow inch|}}}{{{Oct snow inch|}}}{{{Nov snow inch|}}}{{{Dec snow inch|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{snow colour|}}}|{{{snow colour}}}|p}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{snow colour}}}</code> is not a valid snow color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|snow colour=green</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>snow colour</code> parameter for the standard blue coloring.'''</span>|green|p=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/line/date |label=ປະລິມານຫິມະ {{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan snow mm|}}}{{{Feb snow mm|}}}{{{Mar snow mm|}}}{{{Apr snow mm|}}}{{{May snow mm|}}}{{{Jun snow mm|}}}{{{Jul snow mm|}}}{{{Aug snow mm|}}}{{{Sep snow mm|}}}{{{Oct snow mm|}}}{{{Nov snow mm|}}}{{{Dec snow mm|}}}|ມ|ຊ}}ມ|ນິ້ວ}} {{#if:{{{single line|}}}|({{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|ນິ້ວ|{{#if:{{{Jan snow mm|}}}{{{Feb snow mm|}}}{{{Mar snow mm|}}}{{{Apr snow mm|}}}{{{May snow mm|}}}{{{Jun snow mm|}}}{{{Jul snow mm|}}}{{{Aug snow mm|}}}{{{Sep snow mm|}}}{{{Oct snow mm|}}}{{{Nov snow mm|}}}{{{Dec snow mm|}}}|ມ|ຊ}}ມ}})}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|1|2}} |alt={{#if:{{{single line|}}}|{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}}}} |sc={{#if:{{{snow colour|}}}|{{{snow colour}}}|p}} |f={{#if:{{{Jan snow mm|}}}{{{Feb snow mm|}}}{{{Mar snow mm|}}}{{{Apr snow mm|}}}{{{May snow mm|}}}{{{Jun snow mm|}}}{{{Jul snow mm|}}}{{{Aug snow mm|}}}{{{Sep snow mm|}}}{{{Oct snow mm|}}}{{{Nov snow mm|}}}{{{Dec snow mm|}}}|1|10}}<!-- SNOWFALL METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan snow mm|}}}|{{{Jan snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan snow cm|}}}|{{{Jan snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb snow mm|}}}|{{{Feb snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb snow cm|}}}|{{{Feb snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar snow mm|}}}|{{{Mar snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar snow cm|}}}|{{{Mar snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr snow mm|}}}|{{{Apr snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr snow cm|}}}|{{{Apr snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May snow mm|}}}|{{{May snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{May snow cm|}}}|{{{May snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{May snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun snow mm|}}}|{{{Jun snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun snow cm|}}}|{{{Jun snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul snow mm|}}}|{{{Jul snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul snow cm|}}}|{{{Jul snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug snow mm|}}}|{{{Aug snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug snow cm|}}}|{{{Aug snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep snow mm|}}}|{{{Sep snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep snow cm|}}}|{{{Sep snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct snow mm|}}}|{{{Oct snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct snow cm|}}}|{{{Oct snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov snow mm|}}}|{{{Nov snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov snow cm|}}}|{{{Nov snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec snow mm|}}}|{{{Dec snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec snow cm|}}}|{{{Dec snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year snow mm|}}}|{{{year snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{year snow cm|}}}|{{{year snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{year snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year snow inch}}}}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan snow cm|}}}|{{{Jan snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb snow cm|}}}|{{{Feb snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar snow cm|}}}|{{{Mar snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr snow cm|}}}|{{{Apr snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May snow cm|}}}|{{{May snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun snow cm|}}}|{{{Jun snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul snow cm|}}}|{{{Jul snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug snow cm|}}}|{{{Aug snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep snow cm|}}}|{{{Sep snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct snow cm|}}}|{{{Oct snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov snow cm|}}}|{{{Nov snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec snow cm|}}}|{{{Dec snow cm}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan snow mm|}}}|{{{Jan snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb snow mm|}}}|{{{Feb snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar snow mm|}}}|{{{Mar snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr snow mm|}}}|{{{Apr snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May snow mm|}}}|{{{May snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun snow mm|}}}|{{{Jun snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul snow mm|}}}|{{{Jul snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug snow mm|}}}|{{{Aug snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep snow mm|}}}|{{{Sep snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct snow mm|}}}|{{{Oct snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov snow mm|}}}|{{{Nov snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec snow mm|}}}|{{{Dec snow mm}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan snow inch|}}}|{{{Jan snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb snow inch|}}}|{{{Feb snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar snow inch|}}}|{{{Mar snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr snow inch|}}}|{{{Apr snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May snow inch|}}}|{{{May snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun snow inch|}}}|{{{Jun snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul snow inch|}}}|{{{Jul snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug snow inch|}}}|{{{Aug snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep snow inch|}}}|{{{Sep snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct snow inch|}}}|{{{Oct snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov snow inch|}}}|{{{Nov snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec snow inch|}}}|{{{Dec snow inch}}}|foo}})*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- SNOWFALL IMPERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan snow inch|}}}|{{{Jan snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb snow inch|}}}|{{{Feb snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar snow inch|}}}|{{{Mar snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr snow inch|}}}|{{{Apr snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May snow inch|}}}|{{{May snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{May snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{May snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun snow inch|}}}|{{{Jun snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul snow inch|}}}|{{{Jul snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug snow inch|}}}|{{{Aug snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep snow inch|}}}|{{{Sep snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct snow inch|}}}|{{{Oct snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov snow inch|}}}|{{{Nov snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec snow inch|}}}|{{{Dec snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year snow inch|}}}|{{{year snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{year snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{year snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan snow inch|}}}|{{{Jan snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb snow inch|}}}|{{{Feb snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar snow inch|}}}|{{{Mar snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr snow inch|}}}|{{{Apr snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May snow inch|}}}|{{{May snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun snow inch|}}}|{{{Jun snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul snow inch|}}}|{{{Jul snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug snow inch|}}}|{{{Aug snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep snow inch|}}}|{{{Sep snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct snow inch|}}}|{{{Oct snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov snow inch|}}}|{{{Nov snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec snow inch|}}}|{{{Dec snow inch}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan snow mm|}}}|{{{Jan snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb snow mm|}}}|{{{Feb snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar snow mm|}}}|{{{Mar snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr snow mm|}}}|{{{Apr snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May snow mm|}}}|{{{May snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun snow mm|}}}|{{{Jun snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul snow mm|}}}|{{{Jul snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug snow mm|}}}|{{{Aug snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep snow mm|}}}|{{{Sep snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct snow mm|}}}|{{{Oct snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov snow mm|}}}|{{{Nov snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec snow mm|}}}|{{{Dec snow mm}}}|foo}})/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan snow cm|}}}|{{{Jan snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb snow cm|}}}|{{{Feb snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar snow cm|}}}|{{{Mar snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr snow cm|}}}|{{{Apr snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May snow cm|}}}|{{{May snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun snow cm|}}}|{{{Jun snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul snow cm|}}}|{{{Jul snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug snow cm|}}}|{{{Aug snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep snow cm|}}}|{{{Sep snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct snow cm|}}}|{{{Oct snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov snow cm|}}}|{{{Nov snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec snow cm|}}}|{{{Dec snow cm}}}|foo}})/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{single line|}}}||<!-- SECOND LINE MAXIMUM HUMIDEX-->{{#if:{{{Jan maximum humidex|}}}{{{Feb maximum humidex|}}}{{{Mar maximum humidex|}}}{{{Apr maximum humidex|}}}{{{May maximum humidex|}}}{{{Jun maximum humidex|}}}{{{Jul maximum humidex|}}}{{{Aug maximum humidex|}}}{{{Sep maximum humidex|}}}{{{Oct maximum humidex|}}}{{{Nov maximum humidex|}}}{{{Dec maximum humidex|}}}|{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}||{{#switch:{{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{temperature colour}}}</code> is not a valid temperature color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|temperature colour=pastel</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>temperature colour</code> parameter for the standard coloring.'''</span>|pastel|t=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/oneline |label=[[Humidex]] |show=1 |sc={{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}} |f=1<!-- MAXIMUM HUMIDEX VALUES--> |jan1={{{Jan maximum humidex|}}} |feb1={{{Feb maximum humidex|}}} |mar1={{{Mar maximum humidex|}}} |apr1={{{Apr maximum humidex|}}} |may1={{{May maximum humidex|}}} |jun1={{{Jun maximum humidex|}}} |jul1={{{Jul maximum humidex|}}} |aug1={{{Aug maximum humidex|}}} |sep1={{{Sep maximum humidex|}}} |oct1={{{Oct maximum humidex|}}} |nov1={{{Nov maximum humidex|}}} |dec1={{{Dec maximum humidex|}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year maximum humidex|}}}|{{{year maximum humidex}}}|{{#iferror:{{Max/27|{{{Jan maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Feb maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Mar maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Apr maximum humidex|}}}|{{{May maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Jun maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Jul maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Aug maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Sep maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Oct maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Nov maximum humidex|}}}|{{{Dec maximum humidex|}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}}}<!-- SECOND LINE RECORD HIGH TEMPERATURES-->{{#if:{{{Jan record high C|}}}{{{Feb record high C|}}}{{{Mar record high C|}}}{{{Apr record high C|}}}{{{May record high C|}}}{{{Jun record high C|}}}{{{Jul record high C|}}}{{{Aug record high C|}}}{{{Sep record high C|}}}{{{Oct record high C|}}}{{{Nov record high C|}}}{{{Dec record high C|}}}{{{Jan record high F|}}}{{{Feb record high F|}}}{{{Mar record high F|}}}{{{Apr record high F|}}}{{{May record high F|}}}{{{Jun record high F|}}}{{{Jul record high F|}}}{{{Aug record high F|}}}{{{Sep record high F|}}}{{{Oct record high F|}}}{{{Nov record high F|}}}{{{Dec record high F|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{temperature colour}}}</code> is not a valid temperature color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|temperature colour=pastel</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>temperature colour</code> parameter for the standard coloring.'''</span>|pastel|t=<nowiki /> {{Infobox weather/line |label=Record high °{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|F|C}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}} |alt= |sc={{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}} |f=1<!-- RECORD HIGH TEMPERATURES METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan record high C|}}}|{{{Jan record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jan record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb record high C|}}}|{{{Feb record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Feb record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar record high C|}}}|{{{Mar record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Mar record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr record high C|}}}|{{{Apr record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Apr record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May record high C|}}}|{{{May record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{May record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{May record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun record high C|}}}|{{{Jun record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jun record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul record high C|}}}|{{{Jul record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jul record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug record high C|}}}|{{{Aug record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Aug record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep record high C|}}}|{{{Sep record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Sep record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct record high C|}}}|{{{Oct record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Oct record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov record high C|}}}|{{{Nov record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Nov record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec record high C|}}}|{{{Dec record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Dec record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec record high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year record high C|}}}|{{{year record high C}}}|{{#if:{{{year record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{year record high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year record high F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{Max/27|{{{Jan record high C|}}}|{{{Feb record high C|}}}|{{{Mar record high C|}}}|{{{Apr record high C|}}}|{{{May record high C|}}}|{{{Jun record high C|}}}|{{{Jul record high C|}}}|{{{Aug record high C|}}}|{{{Sep record high C|}}}|{{{Oct record high C|}}}|{{{Nov record high C|}}}|{{{Dec record high C|}}}|{{#expr:({{Max/27|{{#if:{{{Jan record high F|}}}|{{{Jan record high F}}}|-40}}|{{{Feb record high F|}}}|{{{Mar record high F|}}}|{{{Apr record high F|}}}|{{{May record high F|}}}|{{{Jun record high F|}}}|{{{Jul record high F|}}}|{{{Aug record high F|}}}|{{{Sep record high F|}}}|{{{Oct record high F|}}}|{{{Nov record high F|}}}|{{{Dec record high F|}}}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{#if:{{{Jan record high F|}}}|{{{Jan record high F}}}|1}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- RECORD HIGH TEMPERATURES IMPERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan record high F|}}}|{{{Jan record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jan record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb record high F|}}}|{{{Feb record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Feb record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar record high F|}}}|{{{Mar record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Mar record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr record high F|}}}|{{{Apr record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Apr record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May record high F|}}}|{{{May record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{May record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{May record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun record high F|}}}|{{{Jun record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jun record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul record high F|}}}|{{{Jul record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jul record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug record high F|}}}|{{{Aug record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Aug record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep record high F|}}}|{{{Sep record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Sep record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct record high F|}}}|{{{Oct record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Oct record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov record high F|}}}|{{{Nov record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Nov record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec record high F|}}}|{{{Dec record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Dec record high C}}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year record high F|}}}|{{{year record high F}}}|{{#if:{{{year record high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year record high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{year record high C}}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{Max/27|{{{Jan record high F|}}}|{{{Feb record high F|}}}|{{{Mar record high F|}}}|{{{Apr record high F|}}}|{{{May record high F|}}}|{{{Jun record high F|}}}|{{{Jul record high F|}}}|{{{Aug record high F|}}}|{{{Sep record high F|}}}|{{{Oct record high F|}}}|{{{Nov record high F|}}}|{{{Dec record high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{Max/27|{{#if:{{{Jan record high C|}}}|{{{Jan record high C}}}|-40}}|{{{Feb record high C|}}}|{{{Mar record high C|}}}|{{{Apr record high C|}}}|{{{May record high C|}}}|{{{Jun record high C|}}}|{{{Jul record high C|}}}|{{{Aug record high C|}}}|{{{Sep record high C|}}}|{{{Oct record high C|}}}|{{{Nov record high C|}}}|{{{Dec record high C|}}}}})*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{#if:{{{Jan record high C|}}}|{{{Jan record high C}}}|1}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- SECOND LINE AVERAGE HIGH TEMPERATURES-->{{#if:{{{Jan high C|}}}{{{Feb high C|}}}{{{Mar high C|}}}{{{Apr high C|}}}{{{May high C|}}}{{{Jun high C|}}}{{{Jul high C|}}}{{{Aug high C|}}}{{{Sep high C|}}}{{{Oct high C|}}}{{{Nov high C|}}}{{{Dec high C|}}}{{{Jan high F|}}}{{{Feb high F|}}}{{{Mar high F|}}}{{{Apr high F|}}}{{{May high F|}}}{{{Jun high F|}}}{{{Jul high F|}}}{{{Aug high F|}}}{{{Sep high F|}}}{{{Oct high F|}}}{{{Nov high F|}}}{{{Dec high F|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{temperature colour}}}</code> is not a valid temperature color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|temperature colour=pastel</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>temperature colour</code> parameter for the standard coloring.'''</span>|pastel|t=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/line |label=Average high °{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|F|C}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}} |alt= |sc={{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}} |f=1<!-- AVERAGE HIGH TEMPERATURES METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan high C|}}}|{{{Jan high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jan high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb high C|}}}|{{{Feb high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Feb high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar high C|}}}|{{{Mar high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Mar high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr high C|}}}|{{{Apr high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Apr high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May high C|}}}|{{{May high C}}}|{{#if:{{{May high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{May high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun high C|}}}|{{{Jun high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jun high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul high C|}}}|{{{Jul high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jul high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug high C|}}}|{{{Aug high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Aug high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep high C|}}}|{{{Sep high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Sep high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct high C|}}}|{{{Oct high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Oct high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov high C|}}}|{{{Nov high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Nov high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec high C|}}}|{{{Dec high C}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Dec high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec high F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year high C|}}}|{{{year high C}}}|{{#if:{{{year high F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{year high F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year high F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan high C|}}}|{{{Jan high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb high C|}}}|{{{Feb high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar high C|}}}|{{{Mar high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr high C|}}}|{{{Apr high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May high C|}}}|{{{May high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun high C|}}}|{{{Jun high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul high C|}}}|{{{Jul high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug high C|}}}|{{{Aug high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep high C|}}}|{{{Sep high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct high C|}}}|{{{Oct high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov high C|}}}|{{{Nov high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec high C|}}}|{{{Dec high C}}}|foo}})/12 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan high C}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: (({{#if:{{{Jan high F|}}}|{{{Jan high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb high F|}}}|{{{Feb high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar high F|}}}|{{{Mar high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr high F|}}}|{{{Apr high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May high F|}}}|{{{May high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun high F|}}}|{{{Jun high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul high F|}}}|{{{Jul high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug high F|}}}|{{{Aug high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep high F|}}}|{{{Sep high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct high F|}}}|{{{Oct high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov high F|}}}|{{{Nov high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec high F|}}}|{{{Dec high F}}}|foo}})/12-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan high F}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- AVERAGE HIGH TEMPERATURES IMPERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan high F|}}}|{{{Jan high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jan high C}}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb high F|}}}|{{{Feb high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Feb high C}}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar high F|}}}|{{{Mar high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Mar high C}}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr high F|}}}|{{{Apr high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Apr high C}}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May high F|}}}|{{{May high F}}}|{{#if:{{{May high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{May high C}}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun high F|}}}|{{{Jun high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jun high C}}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul high F|}}}|{{{Jul high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jul high C}}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug high F|}}}|{{{Aug high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Aug high C}}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep high F|}}}|{{{Sep high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Sep high C}}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct high F|}}}|{{{Oct high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Oct high C}}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov high F|}}}|{{{Nov high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Nov high C}}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec high F|}}}|{{{Dec high F}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Dec high C}}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year high F|}}}|{{{year high F}}}|{{#if:{{{year high C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year high C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{year high C}}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan high F|}}}|{{{Jan high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb high F|}}}|{{{Feb high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar high F|}}}|{{{Mar high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr high F|}}}|{{{Apr high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May high F|}}}|{{{May high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun high F|}}}|{{{Jun high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul high F|}}}|{{{Jul high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug high F|}}}|{{{Aug high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep high F|}}}|{{{Sep high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct high F|}}}|{{{Oct high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov high F|}}}|{{{Nov high F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec high F|}}}|{{{Dec high F}}}|foo}})/12 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan high F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan high C|}}}|{{{Jan high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb high C|}}}|{{{Feb high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar high C|}}}|{{{Mar high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr high C|}}}|{{{Apr high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May high C|}}}|{{{May high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun high C|}}}|{{{Jun high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul high C|}}}|{{{Jul high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug high C|}}}|{{{Aug high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep high C|}}}|{{{Sep high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct high C|}}}|{{{Oct high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov high C|}}}|{{{Nov high C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec high C|}}}|{{{Dec high C}}}|foo}})/12*1.8+32 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan high C}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- SECOND LINE DAILY MEAN TEMPERATURES-->{{#if:{{{Jan mean C|}}}{{{Feb mean C|}}}{{{Mar mean C|}}}{{{Apr mean C|}}}{{{May mean C|}}}{{{Jun mean C|}}}{{{Jul mean C|}}}{{{Aug mean C|}}}{{{Sep mean C|}}}{{{Oct mean C|}}}{{{Nov mean C|}}}{{{Dec mean C|}}}{{{Jan mean F|}}}{{{Feb mean F|}}}{{{Mar mean F|}}}{{{Apr mean F|}}}{{{May mean F|}}}{{{Jun mean F|}}}{{{Jul mean F|}}}{{{Aug mean F|}}}{{{Sep mean F|}}}{{{Oct mean F|}}}{{{Nov mean F|}}}{{{Dec mean F|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{temperature colour}}}</code> is not a valid temperature color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|temperature colour=pastel</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>temperature colour</code> parameter for the standard coloring.'''</span>|pastel|t=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/line |label=Daily Mean °{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|F|C}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}} |alt= |sc={{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}} |f=1<!-- DAILY MEAN TEMPERATURES METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan mean C|}}}|{{{Jan mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jan mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb mean C|}}}|{{{Feb mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Feb mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar mean C|}}}|{{{Mar mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Mar mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr mean C|}}}|{{{Apr mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Apr mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May mean C|}}}|{{{May mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{May mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{May mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun mean C|}}}|{{{Jun mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jun mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul mean C|}}}|{{{Jul mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jul mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug mean C|}}}|{{{Aug mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Aug mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep mean C|}}}|{{{Sep mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Sep mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct mean C|}}}|{{{Oct mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Oct mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov mean C|}}}|{{{Nov mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Nov mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec mean C|}}}|{{{Dec mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Dec mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec mean F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year mean C|}}}|{{{year mean C}}}|{{#if:{{{year mean F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{year mean F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year mean F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan mean C|}}}|{{{Jan mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb mean C|}}}|{{{Feb mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar mean C|}}}|{{{Mar mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr mean C|}}}|{{{Apr mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May mean C|}}}|{{{May mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun mean C|}}}|{{{Jun mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul mean C|}}}|{{{Jul mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug mean C|}}}|{{{Aug mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep mean C|}}}|{{{Sep mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct mean C|}}}|{{{Oct mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov mean C|}}}|{{{Nov mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec mean C|}}}|{{{Dec mean C}}}|foo}})/12 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan mean C}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: (({{#if:{{{Jan mean F|}}}|{{{Jan mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb mean F|}}}|{{{Feb mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar mean F|}}}|{{{Mar mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr mean F|}}}|{{{Apr mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May mean F|}}}|{{{May mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun mean F|}}}|{{{Jun mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul mean F|}}}|{{{Jul mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug mean F|}}}|{{{Aug mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep mean F|}}}|{{{Sep mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct mean F|}}}|{{{Oct mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov mean F|}}}|{{{Nov mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec mean F|}}}|{{{Dec mean F}}}|foo}})/12-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan mean F}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- DAILY MEAN TEMPERATURES IMPERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan mean F|}}}|{{{Jan mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jan mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb mean F|}}}|{{{Feb mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Feb mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar mean F|}}}|{{{Mar mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Mar mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr mean F|}}}|{{{Apr mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Apr mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May mean F|}}}|{{{May mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{May mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{May mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun mean F|}}}|{{{Jun mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jun mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul mean F|}}}|{{{Jul mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jul mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug mean F|}}}|{{{Aug mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Aug mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep mean F|}}}|{{{Sep mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Sep mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct mean F|}}}|{{{Oct mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Oct mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov mean F|}}}|{{{Nov mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Nov mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec mean F|}}}|{{{Dec mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Dec mean C}}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year mean F|}}}|{{{year mean F}}}|{{#if:{{{year mean C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year mean C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{year mean C}}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan mean F|}}}|{{{Jan mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb mean F|}}}|{{{Feb mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar mean F|}}}|{{{Mar mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr mean F|}}}|{{{Apr mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May mean F|}}}|{{{May mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun mean F|}}}|{{{Jun mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul mean F|}}}|{{{Jul mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug mean F|}}}|{{{Aug mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep mean F|}}}|{{{Sep mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct mean F|}}}|{{{Oct mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov mean F|}}}|{{{Nov mean F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec mean F|}}}|{{{Dec mean F}}}|foo}})/12 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan mean F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan mean C|}}}|{{{Jan mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb mean C|}}}|{{{Feb mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar mean C|}}}|{{{Mar mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr mean C|}}}|{{{Apr mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May mean C|}}}|{{{May mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun mean C|}}}|{{{Jun mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul mean C|}}}|{{{Jul mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug mean C|}}}|{{{Aug mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep mean C|}}}|{{{Sep mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct mean C|}}}|{{{Oct mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov mean C|}}}|{{{Nov mean C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec mean C|}}}|{{{Dec mean C}}}|foo}})/12*1.8+32 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan mean C}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- SECOND LINE AVERAGE LOW TEMPERATURES-->{{#if:{{{Jan low C|}}}{{{Feb low C|}}}{{{Mar low C|}}}{{{Apr low C|}}}{{{May low C|}}}{{{Jun low C|}}}{{{Jul low C|}}}{{{Aug low C|}}}{{{Sep low C|}}}{{{Oct low C|}}}{{{Nov low C|}}}{{{Dec low C|}}}{{{Jan low F|}}}{{{Feb low F|}}}{{{Mar low F|}}}{{{Apr low F|}}}{{{May low F|}}}{{{Jun low F|}}}{{{Jul low F|}}}{{{Aug low F|}}}{{{Sep low F|}}}{{{Oct low F|}}}{{{Nov low F|}}}{{{Dec low F|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{temperature colour}}}</code> is not a valid temperature color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|temperature colour=pastel</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>temperature colour</code> parameter for the standard coloring.'''</span>|pastel|t=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/line |label=Average low °{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|F|C}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}} |alt= |sc={{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}} |f=1<!-- AVERAGE LOW TEMPERATURES METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan low C|}}}|{{{Jan low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jan low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb low C|}}}|{{{Feb low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Feb low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar low C|}}}|{{{Mar low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Mar low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr low C|}}}|{{{Apr low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Apr low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May low C|}}}|{{{May low C}}}|{{#if:{{{May low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{May low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun low C|}}}|{{{Jun low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jun low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul low C|}}}|{{{Jul low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jul low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug low C|}}}|{{{Aug low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Aug low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep low C|}}}|{{{Sep low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Sep low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct low C|}}}|{{{Oct low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Oct low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov low C|}}}|{{{Nov low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Nov low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec low C|}}}|{{{Dec low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Dec low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year low C|}}}|{{{year low C}}}|{{#if:{{{year low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{year low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year low F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan low C|}}}|{{{Jan low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb low C|}}}|{{{Feb low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar low C|}}}|{{{Mar low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr low C|}}}|{{{Apr low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May low C|}}}|{{{May low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun low C|}}}|{{{Jun low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul low C|}}}|{{{Jul low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug low C|}}}|{{{Aug low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep low C|}}}|{{{Sep low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct low C|}}}|{{{Oct low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov low C|}}}|{{{Nov low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec low C|}}}|{{{Dec low C}}}|foo}})/12 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan low C}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: (({{#if:{{{Jan low F|}}}|{{{Jan low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb low F|}}}|{{{Feb low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar low F|}}}|{{{Mar low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr low F|}}}|{{{Apr low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May low F|}}}|{{{May low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun low F|}}}|{{{Jun low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul low F|}}}|{{{Jul low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug low F|}}}|{{{Aug low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep low F|}}}|{{{Sep low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct low F|}}}|{{{Oct low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov low F|}}}|{{{Nov low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec low F|}}}|{{{Dec low F}}}|foo}})/12-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan low F}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- AVERAGE LOW TEMPERATURES IMPERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan low F|}}}|{{{Jan low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jan low C}}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb low F|}}}|{{{Feb low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Feb low C}}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar low F|}}}|{{{Mar low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Mar low C}}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr low F|}}}|{{{Apr low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Apr low C}}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May low F|}}}|{{{May low F}}}|{{#if:{{{May low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{May low C}}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun low F|}}}|{{{Jun low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jun low C}}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul low F|}}}|{{{Jul low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jul low C}}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug low F|}}}|{{{Aug low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Aug low C}}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep low F|}}}|{{{Sep low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Sep low C}}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct low F|}}}|{{{Oct low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Oct low C}}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov low F|}}}|{{{Nov low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Nov low C}}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec low F|}}}|{{{Dec low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Dec low C}}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year low F|}}}|{{{year low F}}}|{{#if:{{{year low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{year low C}}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan low F|}}}|{{{Jan low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb low F|}}}|{{{Feb low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar low F|}}}|{{{Mar low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr low F|}}}|{{{Apr low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May low F|}}}|{{{May low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun low F|}}}|{{{Jun low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul low F|}}}|{{{Jul low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug low F|}}}|{{{Aug low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep low F|}}}|{{{Sep low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct low F|}}}|{{{Oct low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov low F|}}}|{{{Nov low F}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec low F|}}}|{{{Dec low F}}}|foo}})/12 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan low F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan low C|}}}|{{{Jan low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb low C|}}}|{{{Feb low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar low C|}}}|{{{Mar low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr low C|}}}|{{{Apr low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May low C|}}}|{{{May low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun low C|}}}|{{{Jun low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul low C|}}}|{{{Jul low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug low C|}}}|{{{Aug low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep low C|}}}|{{{Sep low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct low C|}}}|{{{Oct low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov low C|}}}|{{{Nov low C}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec low C|}}}|{{{Dec low C}}}|foo}})/12*1.8+32 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan low C}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- SECOND LINE RECORD LOW TEMPERATURES-->{{#if:{{{Jan record low C|}}}{{{Feb record low C|}}}{{{Mar record low C|}}}{{{Apr record low C|}}}{{{May record low C|}}}{{{Jun record low C|}}}{{{Jul record low C|}}}{{{Aug record low C|}}}{{{Sep record low C|}}}{{{Oct record low C|}}}{{{Nov record low C|}}}{{{Dec record low C|}}}{{{Jan record low F|}}}{{{Feb record low F|}}}{{{Mar record low F|}}}{{{Apr record low F|}}}{{{May record low F|}}}{{{Jun record low F|}}}{{{Jul record low F|}}}{{{Aug record low F|}}}{{{Sep record low F|}}}{{{Oct record low F|}}}{{{Nov record low F|}}}{{{Dec record low F|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{temperature colour}}}</code> is not a valid temperature color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|temperature colour=pastel</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>temperature colour</code> parameter for the standard coloring.'''</span>|pastel|t=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/line |label=Record low °{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|F|C}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}} |alt= |sc={{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}} |f=1<!-- RECORD LOW TEMPERATURES METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan record low C|}}}|{{{Jan record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jan record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb record low C|}}}|{{{Feb record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Feb record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar record low C|}}}|{{{Mar record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Mar record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr record low C|}}}|{{{Apr record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Apr record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May record low C|}}}|{{{May record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{May record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{May record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun record low C|}}}|{{{Jun record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jun record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul record low C|}}}|{{{Jul record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Jul record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug record low C|}}}|{{{Aug record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Aug record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep record low C|}}}|{{{Sep record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Sep record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct record low C|}}}|{{{Oct record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Oct record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov record low C|}}}|{{{Nov record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Nov record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec record low C|}}}|{{{Dec record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{Dec record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec record low F}}}}}+1}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year record low C|}}}|{{{year record low C}}}|{{#if:{{{year record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{{year record low F}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year record low F}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{Min/27|{{{Jan record low C|}}}|{{{Feb record low C|}}}|{{{Mar record low C|}}}|{{{Apr record low C|}}}|{{{May record low C|}}}|{{{Jun record low C|}}}|{{{Jul record low C|}}}|{{{Aug record low C|}}}|{{{Sep record low C|}}}|{{{Oct record low C|}}}|{{{Nov record low C|}}}|{{{Dec record low C|}}}|{{#expr:({{Min/27|{{#if:{{{Jan record low F|}}}|{{{Jan record low F}}}|100}}|{{{Feb record low F|}}}|{{{Mar record low F|}}}|{{{Apr record low F|}}}|{{{May record low F|}}}|{{{Jun record low F|}}}|{{{Jul record low F|}}}|{{{Aug record low F|}}}|{{{Sep record low F|}}}|{{{Oct record low F|}}}|{{{Nov record low F|}}}|{{{Dec record low F|}}}}}-32)/1.8 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{#if:{{{Jan record low F|}}}|{{{Jan record low F}}}|1}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- RECORD LOW TEMPERATURES IMPERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan record low F|}}}|{{{Jan record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jan record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb record low F|}}}|{{{Feb record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Feb record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar record low F|}}}|{{{Mar record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Mar record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr record low F|}}}|{{{Apr record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Apr record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May record low F|}}}|{{{May record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{May record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{May record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun record low F|}}}|{{{Jun record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jun record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul record low F|}}}|{{{Jul record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Jul record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug record low F|}}}|{{{Aug record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Aug record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep record low F|}}}|{{{Sep record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Sep record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct record low F|}}}|{{{Oct record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Oct record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov record low F|}}}|{{{Nov record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Nov record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec record low F|}}}|{{{Dec record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{Dec record low C}}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year record low F|}}}|{{{year record low F}}}|{{#if:{{{year record low C|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year record low C}}}*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{{year record low C}}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{Min/27|{{{Jan record low F|}}}|{{{Feb record low F|}}}|{{{Mar record low F|}}}|{{{Apr record low F|}}}|{{{May record low F|}}}|{{{Jun record low F|}}}|{{{Jul record low F|}}}|{{{Aug record low F|}}}|{{{Sep record low F|}}}|{{{Oct record low F|}}}|{{{Nov record low F|}}}|{{{Dec record low F|}}}|{{#expr:({{Min/27|{{#if:{{{Jan record low C|}}}|{{{Jan record low C}}}|38}}|{{{Feb record low C|}}}|{{{Mar record low C|}}}|{{{Apr record low C|}}}|{{{May record low C|}}}|{{{Jun record low C|}}}|{{{Jul record low C|}}}|{{{Aug record low C|}}}|{{{Sep record low C|}}}|{{{Oct record low C|}}}|{{{Nov record low C|}}}|{{{Dec record low C|}}}}})*1.8+32 round {{Precision1|{{#if:{{{Jan record low C|}}}|{{{Jan record low C}}}|1}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- SECOND LINE MINIMUM WIND CHILL-->{{#if:{{{Jan chill|}}}{{{Feb chill|}}}{{{Mar chill|}}}{{{Apr chill|}}}{{{May chill|}}}{{{Jun chill|}}}{{{Jul chill|}}}{{{Aug chill|}}}{{{Sep chill|}}}{{{Oct chill|}}}{{{Nov chill|}}}{{{Dec chill|}}}|{{#if:{{{metric first|}}}||{{#switch:{{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{temperature colour}}}</code> is not a valid temperature color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|temperature colour=pastel</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>temperature colour</code> parameter for the standard coloring.'''</span>|pastel|t=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/oneline |label=[[Wind chill]] |show=1 |sc={{#if:{{{temperature colour|}}}|{{{temperature colour}}}|t}} |f=1<!-- MINIMUM WIND CHILL VALUES--> |jan1={{{Jan chill|}}} |feb1={{{Feb chill|}}} |mar1={{{Mar chill|}}} |apr1={{{Apr chill|}}} |may1={{{May chill|}}} |jun1={{{Jun chill|}}} |jul1={{{Jul chill|}}} |aug1={{{Aug chill|}}} |sep1={{{Sep chill|}}} |oct1={{{Oct chill|}}} |nov1={{{Nov chill|}}} |dec1={{{Dec chill|}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year chill|}}}|{{{year chill}}}|{{#iferror:{{Min/27|{{{Jan chill|}}}|{{{Feb chill|}}}|{{{Mar chill|}}}|{{{Apr chill|}}}|{{{May chill|}}}|{{{Jun chill|}}}|{{{Jul chill|}}}|{{{Aug chill|}}}|{{{Sep chill|}}}|{{{Oct chill|}}}|{{{Nov chill|}}}|{{{Dec chill|}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}}}<!-- SECOND LINE TOTAL PRECIPITATION-->{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation cm|}}}{{{Feb precipitation cm|}}}{{{Mar precipitation cm|}}}{{{Apr precipitation cm|}}}{{{May precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jun precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jul precipitation cm|}}}{{{Aug precipitation cm|}}}{{{Sep precipitation cm|}}}{{{Oct precipitation cm|}}}{{{Nov precipitation cm|}}}{{{Dec precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jan precipitation mm|}}}{{{Feb precipitation mm|}}}{{{Mar precipitation mm|}}}{{{Apr precipitation mm|}}}{{{May precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jun precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jul precipitation mm|}}}{{{Aug precipitation mm|}}}{{{Sep precipitation mm|}}}{{{Oct precipitation mm|}}}{{{Nov precipitation mm|}}}{{{Dec precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jan precipitation inch|}}}{{{Feb precipitation inch|}}}{{{Mar precipitation inch|}}}{{{Apr precipitation inch|}}}{{{May precipitation inch|}}}{{{Jun precipitation inch|}}}{{{Jul precipitation inch|}}}{{{Aug precipitation inch|}}}{{{Sep precipitation inch|}}}{{{Oct precipitation inch|}}}{{{Nov precipitation inch|}}}{{{Dec precipitation inch|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{precipitation colour|}}}|{{{precipitation colour}}}|p}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{precipitation colour}}}</code> is not a valid precipitation color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|precipitation colour=green</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>precipitation colour</code> parameter for the standard blue coloring.'''</span>|green|p=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/line/date |label=[[Precipitation (meteorology)|Precipitation]] {{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|inches|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation cm|}}}{{{Feb precipitation cm|}}}{{{Mar precipitation cm|}}}{{{Apr precipitation cm|}}}{{{May precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jun precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jul precipitation cm|}}}{{{Aug precipitation cm|}}}{{{Sep precipitation cm|}}}{{{Oct precipitation cm|}}}{{{Nov precipitation cm|}}}{{{Dec precipitation cm|}}}|c|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation mm|}}}{{{Feb precipitation mm|}}}{{{Mar precipitation mm|}}}{{{Apr precipitation mm|}}}{{{May precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jun precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jul precipitation mm|}}}{{{Aug precipitation mm|}}}{{{Sep precipitation mm|}}}{{{Oct precipitation mm|}}}{{{Nov precipitation mm|}}}{{{Dec precipitation mm|}}}|m|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch|}}}}}<1|c|m}}}}}}m}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}} |alt= |sc={{#if:{{{precipitation colour|}}}|{{{precipitation colour}}}|p}} |f={{#if:{{{Jan precipitation cm|}}}{{{Feb precipitation cm|}}}{{{Mar precipitation cm|}}}{{{Apr precipitation cm|}}}{{{May precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jun precipitation cm|}}}{{{Jul precipitation cm|}}}{{{Aug precipitation cm|}}}{{{Sep precipitation cm|}}}{{{Oct precipitation cm|}}}{{{Nov precipitation cm|}}}{{{Dec precipitation cm|}}}|10|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation mm|}}}{{{Feb precipitation mm|}}}{{{Mar precipitation mm|}}}{{{Apr precipitation mm|}}}{{{May precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jun precipitation mm|}}}{{{Jul precipitation mm|}}}{{{Aug precipitation mm|}}}{{{Sep precipitation mm|}}}{{{Oct precipitation mm|}}}{{{Nov precipitation mm|}}}{{{Dec precipitation mm|}}}|1|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch|}}}}}<1|10|1}}}}}}<!-- TOTAL PRECIPITATION METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Feb precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Mar precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Apr precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May precipitation cm|}}}|{{{May precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{May precipitation mm|}}}|{{{May precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{May precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{May precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{May precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{May precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Jun precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Jul precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Aug precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Sep precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Oct precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Nov precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Dec precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year precipitation cm|}}}|{{{year precipitation cm}}}|{{#if:{{{year precipitation mm|}}}|{{{year precipitation mm}}}|{{#if:{{{year precipitation inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{year precipitation inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{year precipitation inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{year precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May precipitation cm|}}}|{{{May precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation cm}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May precipitation mm|}}}|{{{May precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation mm}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May precipitation inch|}}}|{{{May precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation inch}}}|foo}}){{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}<1|*2.54 round 0|*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- TOTAL PRECIPITATION IMPERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May precipitation inch|}}}|{{{May precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{May precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{May precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year precipitation inch|}}}|{{{year precipitation inch}}}|{{#if:{{{year precipitation cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year precipitation cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{year precipitation mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year precipitation mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May precipitation inch|}}}|{{{May precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation inch|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation inch}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May precipitation cm|}}}|{{{May precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation cm|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation cm}}}|foo}})/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May precipitation mm|}}}|{{{May precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation mm|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation mm}}}|foo}})/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan precipitation mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- SECOND LINE RAINFALL-->{{#if:{{{Jan rain cm|}}}{{{Feb rain cm|}}}{{{Mar rain cm|}}}{{{Apr rain cm|}}}{{{May rain cm|}}}{{{Jun rain cm|}}}{{{Jul rain cm|}}}{{{Aug rain cm|}}}{{{Sep rain cm|}}}{{{Oct rain cm|}}}{{{Nov rain cm|}}}{{{Dec rain cm|}}}{{{Jan rain mm|}}}{{{Feb rain mm|}}}{{{Mar rain mm|}}}{{{Apr rain mm|}}}{{{May rain mm|}}}{{{Jun rain mm|}}}{{{Jul rain mm|}}}{{{Aug rain mm|}}}{{{Sep rain mm|}}}{{{Oct rain mm|}}}{{{Nov rain mm|}}}{{{Dec rain mm|}}}{{{Jan rain inch|}}}{{{Feb rain inch|}}}{{{Mar rain inch|}}}{{{Apr rain inch|}}}{{{May rain inch|}}}{{{Jun rain inch|}}}{{{Jul rain inch|}}}{{{Aug rain inch|}}}{{{Sep rain inch|}}}{{{Oct rain inch|}}}{{{Nov rain inch|}}}{{{Dec rain inch|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{rain colour|}}}|{{{rain colour}}}|p}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{rain colour}}}</code> is not a valid rain color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|rain colour=green</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>rain colour</code> parameter for the standard blue coloring.'''</span>|green|p=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/line/date |label=[[Rain]]fall {{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|inches|{{#if:{{{Jan rain cm|}}}{{{Feb rain cm|}}}{{{Mar rain cm|}}}{{{Apr rain cm|}}}{{{May rain cm|}}}{{{Jun rain cm|}}}{{{Jul rain cm|}}}{{{Aug rain cm|}}}{{{Sep rain cm|}}}{{{Oct rain cm|}}}{{{Nov rain cm|}}}{{{Dec rain cm|}}}|c|{{#if:{{{Jan rain mm|}}}{{{Feb rain mm|}}}{{{Mar rain mm|}}}{{{Apr rain mm|}}}{{{May rain mm|}}}{{{Jun rain mm|}}}{{{Jul rain mm|}}}{{{Aug rain mm|}}}{{{Sep rain mm|}}}{{{Oct rain mm|}}}{{{Nov rain mm|}}}{{{Dec rain mm|}}}|m|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch|}}}}}<1|c|m}}}}}}m}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}} |alt= |sc={{#if:{{{rain colour|}}}|{{{rain colour}}}|p}} |f={{#if:{{{Jan rain cm|}}}{{{Feb rain cm|}}}{{{Mar rain cm|}}}{{{Apr rain cm|}}}{{{May rain cm|}}}{{{Jun rain cm|}}}{{{Jul rain cm|}}}{{{Aug rain cm|}}}{{{Sep rain cm|}}}{{{Oct rain cm|}}}{{{Nov rain cm|}}}{{{Dec rain cm|}}}|10|{{#if:{{{Jan rain mm|}}}{{{Feb rain mm|}}}{{{Mar rain mm|}}}{{{Apr rain mm|}}}{{{May rain mm|}}}{{{Jun rain mm|}}}{{{Jul rain mm|}}}{{{Aug rain mm|}}}{{{Sep rain mm|}}}{{{Oct rain mm|}}}{{{Nov rain mm|}}}{{{Dec rain mm|}}}|1|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch|}}}}}<1|10|1}}}}}}<!-- RAINFALL METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan rain cm|}}}|{{{Jan rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan rain mm|}}}|{{{Jan rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Jan rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb rain cm|}}}|{{{Feb rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb rain mm|}}}|{{{Feb rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Feb rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar rain cm|}}}|{{{Mar rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar rain mm|}}}|{{{Mar rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Mar rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr rain cm|}}}|{{{Apr rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr rain mm|}}}|{{{Apr rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Apr rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May rain cm|}}}|{{{May rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{May rain mm|}}}|{{{May rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{May rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{May rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{May rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{May rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun rain cm|}}}|{{{Jun rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun rain mm|}}}|{{{Jun rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Jun rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul rain cm|}}}|{{{Jul rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul rain mm|}}}|{{{Jul rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Jul rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug rain cm|}}}|{{{Aug rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug rain mm|}}}|{{{Aug rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Aug rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep rain cm|}}}|{{{Sep rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep rain mm|}}}|{{{Sep rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Sep rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct rain cm|}}}|{{{Oct rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct rain mm|}}}|{{{Oct rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Oct rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov rain cm|}}}|{{{Nov rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov rain mm|}}}|{{{Nov rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Nov rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec rain cm|}}}|{{{Dec rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec rain mm|}}}|{{{Dec rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{Dec rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year rain cm|}}}|{{{year rain cm}}}|{{#if:{{{year rain mm|}}}|{{{year rain mm}}}|{{#if:{{{year rain inch|}}}|{{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|{{#expr:{{{year rain inch}}}*2.54 round 0}}|{{#expr:{{{year rain inch}}}*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{year rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan rain cm|}}}|{{{Jan rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb rain cm|}}}|{{{Feb rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar rain cm|}}}|{{{Mar rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr rain cm|}}}|{{{Apr rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May rain cm|}}}|{{{May rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun rain cm|}}}|{{{Jun rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul rain cm|}}}|{{{Jul rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug rain cm|}}}|{{{Aug rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep rain cm|}}}|{{{Sep rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct rain cm|}}}|{{{Oct rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov rain cm|}}}|{{{Nov rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec rain cm|}}}|{{{Dec rain cm}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan rain mm|}}}|{{{Jan rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb rain mm|}}}|{{{Feb rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar rain mm|}}}|{{{Mar rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr rain mm|}}}|{{{Apr rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May rain mm|}}}|{{{May rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun rain mm|}}}|{{{Jun rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul rain mm|}}}|{{{Jul rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug rain mm|}}}|{{{Aug rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep rain mm|}}}|{{{Sep rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct rain mm|}}}|{{{Oct rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov rain mm|}}}|{{{Nov rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec rain mm|}}}|{{{Dec rain mm}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan rain inch|}}}|{{{Jan rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb rain inch|}}}|{{{Feb rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar rain inch|}}}|{{{Mar rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr rain inch|}}}|{{{Apr rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May rain inch|}}}|{{{May rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun rain inch|}}}|{{{Jun rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul rain inch|}}}|{{{Jul rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug rain inch|}}}|{{{Aug rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep rain inch|}}}|{{{Sep rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct rain inch|}}}|{{{Oct rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov rain inch|}}}|{{{Nov rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec rain inch|}}}|{{{Dec rain inch}}}|foo}}){{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}<1|*2.54 round 0|*25.4 round {{#ifexpr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain inch}}}}}>1|1|0}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- RAINFALL IMPERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan rain inch|}}}|{{{Jan rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb rain inch|}}}|{{{Feb rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar rain inch|}}}|{{{Mar rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr rain inch|}}}|{{{Apr rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May rain inch|}}}|{{{May rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{May rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{May rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun rain inch|}}}|{{{Jun rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul rain inch|}}}|{{{Jul rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug rain inch|}}}|{{{Aug rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep rain inch|}}}|{{{Sep rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct rain inch|}}}|{{{Oct rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov rain inch|}}}|{{{Nov rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec rain inch|}}}|{{{Dec rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year rain inch|}}}|{{{year rain inch}}}|{{#if:{{{year rain cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year rain cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#if:{{{year rain mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year rain mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan rain inch|}}}|{{{Jan rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb rain inch|}}}|{{{Feb rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar rain inch|}}}|{{{Mar rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr rain inch|}}}|{{{Apr rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May rain inch|}}}|{{{May rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun rain inch|}}}|{{{Jun rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul rain inch|}}}|{{{Jul rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug rain inch|}}}|{{{Aug rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep rain inch|}}}|{{{Sep rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct rain inch|}}}|{{{Oct rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov rain inch|}}}|{{{Nov rain inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec rain inch|}}}|{{{Dec rain inch}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan rain cm|}}}|{{{Jan rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb rain cm|}}}|{{{Feb rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar rain cm|}}}|{{{Mar rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr rain cm|}}}|{{{Apr rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May rain cm|}}}|{{{May rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun rain cm|}}}|{{{Jun rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul rain cm|}}}|{{{Jul rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug rain cm|}}}|{{{Aug rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep rain cm|}}}|{{{Sep rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct rain cm|}}}|{{{Oct rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov rain cm|}}}|{{{Nov rain cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec rain cm|}}}|{{{Dec rain cm}}}|foo}})/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan rain mm|}}}|{{{Jan rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb rain mm|}}}|{{{Feb rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar rain mm|}}}|{{{Mar rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr rain mm|}}}|{{{Apr rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May rain mm|}}}|{{{May rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun rain mm|}}}|{{{Jun rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul rain mm|}}}|{{{Jul rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug rain mm|}}}|{{{Aug rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep rain mm|}}}|{{{Sep rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct rain mm|}}}|{{{Oct rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov rain mm|}}}|{{{Nov rain mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec rain mm|}}}|{{{Dec rain mm}}}|foo}})/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan rain mm}}}}}+2}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- SECOND LINE SNOWFALL-->{{#if:{{{Jan snow cm|}}}{{{Feb snow cm|}}}{{{Mar snow cm|}}}{{{Apr snow cm|}}}{{{May snow cm|}}}{{{Jun snow cm|}}}{{{Jul snow cm|}}}{{{Aug snow cm|}}}{{{Sep snow cm|}}}{{{Oct snow cm|}}}{{{Nov snow cm|}}}{{{Dec snow cm|}}}{{{Jan snow mm|}}}{{{Feb snow mm|}}}{{{Mar snow mm|}}}{{{Apr snow mm|}}}{{{May snow mm|}}}{{{Jun snow mm|}}}{{{Jul snow mm|}}}{{{Aug snow mm|}}}{{{Sep snow mm|}}}{{{Oct snow mm|}}}{{{Nov snow mm|}}}{{{Dec snow mm|}}}{{{Jan snow inch|}}}{{{Feb snow inch|}}}{{{Mar snow inch|}}}{{{Apr snow inch|}}}{{{May snow inch|}}}{{{Jun snow inch|}}}{{{Jul snow inch|}}}{{{Aug snow inch|}}}{{{Sep snow inch|}}}{{{Oct snow inch|}}}{{{Nov snow inch|}}}{{{Dec snow inch|}}}|{{#switch:{{#if:{{{snow colour|}}}|{{{snow colour}}}|p}}|#default=<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14"{{!}}<span style="color:red;">'''Error: <code>{{{snow colour}}}</code> is not a valid snow color alternative, use <code><nowiki>|snow colour=green</nowiki></code> or remove the <code>snow colour</code> parameter for the standard blue coloring.'''</span>|green|p=<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/line/date |label=[[Snow]]fall {{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|inches|{{#if:{{{Jan snow mm|}}}{{{Feb snow mm|}}}{{{Mar snow mm|}}}{{{Apr snow mm|}}}{{{May snow mm|}}}{{{Jun snow mm|}}}{{{Jul snow mm|}}}{{{Aug snow mm|}}}{{{Sep snow mm|}}}{{{Oct snow mm|}}}{{{Nov snow mm|}}}{{{Dec snow mm|}}}|m|c}}m}} |show={{#if:{{{metric first|}}}|2|1}} |alt= |sc={{#if:{{{snow colour|}}}|{{{snow colour}}}|p}} |f={{#if:{{{Jan snow mm|}}}{{{Feb snow mm|}}}{{{Mar snow mm|}}}{{{Apr snow mm|}}}{{{May snow mm|}}}{{{Jun snow mm|}}}{{{Jul snow mm|}}}{{{Aug snow mm|}}}{{{Sep snow mm|}}}{{{Oct snow mm|}}}{{{Nov snow mm|}}}{{{Dec snow mm|}}}|1|10}}<!-- SNOWFALL METRIC--> |jan1={{#if:{{{Jan snow mm|}}}|{{{Jan snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan snow cm|}}}|{{{Jan snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |feb1={{#if:{{{Feb snow mm|}}}|{{{Feb snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb snow cm|}}}|{{{Feb snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |mar1={{#if:{{{Mar snow mm|}}}|{{{Mar snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar snow cm|}}}|{{{Mar snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |apr1={{#if:{{{Apr snow mm|}}}|{{{Apr snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr snow cm|}}}|{{{Apr snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |may1={{#if:{{{May snow mm|}}}|{{{May snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{May snow cm|}}}|{{{May snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{May snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |jun1={{#if:{{{Jun snow mm|}}}|{{{Jun snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun snow cm|}}}|{{{Jun snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |jul1={{#if:{{{Jul snow mm|}}}|{{{Jul snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul snow cm|}}}|{{{Jul snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |aug1={{#if:{{{Aug snow mm|}}}|{{{Aug snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug snow cm|}}}|{{{Aug snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |sep1={{#if:{{{Sep snow mm|}}}|{{{Sep snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep snow cm|}}}|{{{Sep snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |oct1={{#if:{{{Oct snow mm|}}}|{{{Oct snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct snow cm|}}}|{{{Oct snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |nov1={{#if:{{{Nov snow mm|}}}|{{{Nov snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov snow cm|}}}|{{{Nov snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |dec1={{#if:{{{Dec snow mm|}}}|{{{Dec snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec snow cm|}}}|{{{Dec snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year snow mm|}}}|{{{year snow mm}}}|{{#if:{{{year snow cm|}}}|{{{year snow cm}}}|{{#if:{{{year snow inch|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year snow inch}}}*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year snow inch}}}}}}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan snow cm|}}}|{{{Jan snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb snow cm|}}}|{{{Feb snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar snow cm|}}}|{{{Mar snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr snow cm|}}}|{{{Apr snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May snow cm|}}}|{{{May snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun snow cm|}}}|{{{Jun snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul snow cm|}}}|{{{Jul snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug snow cm|}}}|{{{Aug snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep snow cm|}}}|{{{Sep snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct snow cm|}}}|{{{Oct snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov snow cm|}}}|{{{Nov snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec snow cm|}}}|{{{Dec snow cm}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan snow mm|}}}|{{{Jan snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb snow mm|}}}|{{{Feb snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar snow mm|}}}|{{{Mar snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr snow mm|}}}|{{{Apr snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May snow mm|}}}|{{{May snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun snow mm|}}}|{{{Jun snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul snow mm|}}}|{{{Jul snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug snow mm|}}}|{{{Aug snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep snow mm|}}}|{{{Sep snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct snow mm|}}}|{{{Oct snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov snow mm|}}}|{{{Nov snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec snow mm|}}}|{{{Dec snow mm}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan snow inch|}}}|{{{Jan snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb snow inch|}}}|{{{Feb snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar snow inch|}}}|{{{Mar snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr snow inch|}}}|{{{Apr snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May snow inch|}}}|{{{May snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun snow inch|}}}|{{{Jun snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul snow inch|}}}|{{{Jul snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug snow inch|}}}|{{{Aug snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep snow inch|}}}|{{{Sep snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct snow inch|}}}|{{{Oct snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov snow inch|}}}|{{{Nov snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec snow inch|}}}|{{{Dec snow inch}}}|foo}})*2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan snow inch}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- SNOWFALL IMERIAL--> |jan2={{#if:{{{Jan snow inch|}}}|{{{Jan snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jan snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jan snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |feb2={{#if:{{{Feb snow inch|}}}|{{{Feb snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Feb snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Feb snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Feb snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |mar2={{#if:{{{Mar snow inch|}}}|{{{Mar snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Mar snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Mar snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Mar snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |apr2={{#if:{{{Apr snow inch|}}}|{{{Apr snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Apr snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Apr snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Apr snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |may2={{#if:{{{May snow inch|}}}|{{{May snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{May snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{May snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{May snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{May snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |jun2={{#if:{{{Jun snow inch|}}}|{{{Jun snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jun snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jun snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jun snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |jul2={{#if:{{{Jul snow inch|}}}|{{{Jul snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Jul snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Jul snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jul snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |aug2={{#if:{{{Aug snow inch|}}}|{{{Aug snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Aug snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Aug snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Aug snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |sep2={{#if:{{{Sep snow inch|}}}|{{{Sep snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Sep snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Sep snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Sep snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |oct2={{#if:{{{Oct snow inch|}}}|{{{Oct snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Oct snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Oct snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Oct snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |nov2={{#if:{{{Nov snow inch|}}}|{{{Nov snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Nov snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Nov snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Nov snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |dec2={{#if:{{{Dec snow inch|}}}|{{{Dec snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{Dec snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{Dec snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Dec snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}} |yr2={{#if:{{{year snow inch|}}}|{{{year snow inch}}}|{{#if:{{{year snow mm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year snow mm}}}/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#if:{{{year snow cm|}}}|{{#expr:{{{year snow cm}}}/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{year snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan snow inch|}}}|{{{Jan snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb snow inch|}}}|{{{Feb snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar snow inch|}}}|{{{Mar snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr snow inch|}}}|{{{Apr snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May snow inch|}}}|{{{May snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun snow inch|}}}|{{{Jun snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul snow inch|}}}|{{{Jul snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug snow inch|}}}|{{{Aug snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep snow inch|}}}|{{{Sep snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct snow inch|}}}|{{{Oct snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov snow inch|}}}|{{{Nov snow inch}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec snow inch|}}}|{{{Dec snow inch}}}|foo}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan snow mm|}}}|{{{Jan snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb snow mm|}}}|{{{Feb snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar snow mm|}}}|{{{Mar snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr snow mm|}}}|{{{Apr snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May snow mm|}}}|{{{May snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun snow mm|}}}|{{{Jun snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul snow mm|}}}|{{{Jul snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug snow mm|}}}|{{{Aug snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep snow mm|}}}|{{{Sep snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct snow mm|}}}|{{{Oct snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov snow mm|}}}|{{{Nov snow mm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec snow mm|}}}|{{{Dec snow mm}}}|foo}})/25.4 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan snow mm}}}}}+2}}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan snow cm|}}}|{{{Jan snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb snow cm|}}}|{{{Feb snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar snow cm|}}}|{{{Mar snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr snow cm|}}}|{{{Apr snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May snow cm|}}}|{{{May snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun snow cm|}}}|{{{Jun snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul snow cm|}}}|{{{Jul snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug snow cm|}}}|{{{Aug snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep snow cm|}}}|{{{Sep snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct snow cm|}}}|{{{Oct snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov snow cm|}}}|{{{Nov snow cm}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec snow cm|}}}|{{{Dec snow cm}}}|foo}})/2.54 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan snow cm}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}}}<!-- -->}}<!-- PERCENT HUMIDITY-->{{#if:{{{Jan humidity|}}}{{{Feb humidity|}}}{{{Mar humidity|}}}{{{Apr humidity|}}}{{{May humidity|}}}{{{Jun humidity|}}}{{{Jul humidity|}}}{{{Aug humidity|}}}{{{Sep humidity|}}}{{{Oct humidity|}}}{{{Nov humidity|}}}{{{Dec humidity|}}}|<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/oneline |label=[[ຄວາມຊຸ່ມ]]ຮ້ອຍລະ |show=1 |sc=h |f=1 |jan1={{{Jan humidity|}}} |feb1={{{Feb humidity|}}} |mar1={{{Mar humidity|}}} |apr1={{{Apr humidity|}}} |may1={{{May humidity|}}} |jun1={{{Jun humidity|}}} |jul1={{{Jul humidity|}}} |aug1={{{Aug humidity|}}} |sep1={{{Sep humidity|}}} |oct1={{{Oct humidity|}}} |nov1={{{Nov humidity|}}} |dec1={{{Dec humidity|}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year humidity|}}}|{{{year humidity}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: ({{#if:{{{Jan humidity|}}}|{{{Jan humidity}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb humidity|}}}|{{{Feb humidity}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar humidity|}}}|{{{Mar humidity}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr humidity|}}}|{{{Apr humidity}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May humidity|}}}|{{{May humidity}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun humidity|}}}|{{{Jun humidity}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul humidity|}}}|{{{Jul humidity}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug humidity|}}}|{{{Aug humidity}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep humidity|}}}|{{{Sep humidity}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct humidity|}}}|{{{Oct humidity}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov humidity|}}}|{{{Nov humidity}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec humidity|}}}|{{{Dec humidity}}}|foo}})/12 round {{#expr:{{Precision1|{{{Jan humidity}}}}}+1}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}<!-- PRECIPITATION DAYS-->{{#if:{{{Jan precipitation days|}}}{{{Feb precipitation days|}}}{{{Mar precipitation days|}}}{{{Apr precipitation days|}}}{{{May precipitation days|}}}{{{Jun precipitation days|}}}{{{Jul precipitation days|}}}{{{Aug precipitation days|}}}{{{Sep precipitation days|}}}{{{Oct precipitation days|}}}{{{Nov precipitation days|}}}{{{Dec precipitation days|}}}|<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/oneline/date |label=ວັນທີ່ມີນໍ້າຢາດຟ້າໂດຍສະເລ່ຍ {{#if:{{{unit precipitation days|}}}|<span style="font-size:80%">{{Nowrap|(≥ {{{unit precipitation days}}})}}</span>}} |show=1 |sc=d |f=1 |jan1={{{Jan precipitation days|}}} |feb1={{{Feb precipitation days|}}} |mar1={{{Mar precipitation days|}}} |apr1={{{Apr precipitation days|}}} |may1={{{May precipitation days|}}} |jun1={{{Jun precipitation days|}}} |jul1={{{Jul precipitation days|}}} |aug1={{{Aug precipitation days|}}} |sep1={{{Sep precipitation days|}}} |oct1={{{Oct precipitation days|}}} |nov1={{{Nov precipitation days|}}} |dec1={{{Dec precipitation days|}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year precipitation days|}}}|{{{year precipitation days}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan precipitation days|}}}|{{{Jan precipitation days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb precipitation days|}}}|{{{Feb precipitation days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar precipitation days|}}}|{{{Mar precipitation days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr precipitation days|}}}|{{{Apr precipitation days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May precipitation days|}}}|{{{May precipitation days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun precipitation days|}}}|{{{Jun precipitation days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul precipitation days|}}}|{{{Jul precipitation days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug precipitation days|}}}|{{{Aug precipitation days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep precipitation days|}}}|{{{Sep precipitation days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct precipitation days|}}}|{{{Oct precipitation days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov precipitation days|}}}|{{{Nov precipitation days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec precipitation days|}}}|{{{Dec precipitation days}}}|foo}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}<!-- RAINY DAYS-->{{#if:{{{Jan rain days|}}}{{{Feb rain days|}}}{{{Mar rain days|}}}{{{Apr rain days|}}}{{{May rain days|}}}{{{Jun rain days|}}}{{{Jul rain days|}}}{{{Aug rain days|}}}{{{Sep rain days|}}}{{{Oct rain days|}}}{{{Nov rain days|}}}{{{Dec rain days|}}}|<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/oneline/date |label=ວັນທີ່ມີຝົນຕົກໂດຍສະເລ່ຍ {{#if:{{{unit rain days|}}}|<span style="font-size:80%">{{Nowrap|(≥ {{{unit rain days}}})}}</span>}} |show=1 |sc=d |f=1 |jan1={{{Jan rain days|}}} |feb1={{{Feb rain days|}}} |mar1={{{Mar rain days|}}} |apr1={{{Apr rain days|}}} |may1={{{May rain days|}}} |jun1={{{Jun rain days|}}} |jul1={{{Jul rain days|}}} |aug1={{{Aug rain days|}}} |sep1={{{Sep rain days|}}} |oct1={{{Oct rain days|}}} |nov1={{{Nov rain days|}}} |dec1={{{Dec rain days|}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year rain days|}}}|{{{year rain days}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan rain days|}}}|{{{Jan rain days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb rain days|}}}|{{{Feb rain days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar rain days|}}}|{{{Mar rain days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr rain days|}}}|{{{Apr rain days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May rain days|}}}|{{{May rain days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun rain days|}}}|{{{Jun rain days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul rain days|}}}|{{{Jul rain days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug rain days|}}}|{{{Aug rain days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep rain days|}}}|{{{Sep rain days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct rain days|}}}|{{{Oct rain days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov rain days|}}}|{{{Nov rain days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec rain days|}}}|{{{Dec rain days}}}|foo}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}<!-- SNOWY DAYS-->{{#if:{{{Jan snow days|}}}{{{Feb snow days|}}}{{{Mar snow days|}}}{{{Apr snow days|}}}{{{May snow days|}}}{{{Jun snow days|}}}{{{Jul snow days|}}}{{{Aug snow days|}}}{{{Sep snow days|}}}{{{Oct snow days|}}}{{{Nov snow days|}}}{{{Dec snow days|}}}|<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/oneline/date |label=ວັນທີ່ມີຫິມະຕົກໂດຍສະເລ່ຍ {{#if:{{{unit snow days|}}}|<span style="font-size:80%">{{Nowrap|(≥ {{{unit snow days}}})}}</span>}} |show=1 |sc=d |f=1 |jan1={{{Jan snow days|}}} |feb1={{{Feb snow days|}}} |mar1={{{Mar snow days|}}} |apr1={{{Apr snow days|}}} |may1={{{May snow days|}}} |jun1={{{Jun snow days|}}} |jul1={{{Jul snow days|}}} |aug1={{{Aug snow days|}}} |sep1={{{Sep snow days|}}} |oct1={{{Oct snow days|}}} |nov1={{{Nov snow days|}}} |dec1={{{Dec snow days|}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year snow days|}}}|{{{year snow days}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan snow days|}}}|{{{Jan snow days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb snow days|}}}|{{{Feb snow days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar snow days|}}}|{{{Mar snow days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr snow days|}}}|{{{Apr snow days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May snow days|}}}|{{{May snow days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun snow days|}}}|{{{Jun snow days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul snow days|}}}|{{{Jul snow days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug snow days|}}}|{{{Aug snow days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep snow days|}}}|{{{Sep snow days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct snow days|}}}|{{{Oct snow days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov snow days|}}}|{{{Nov snow days}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec snow days|}}}|{{{Dec snow days}}}|foo}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}}<!-- SUNSHINE HOURS-->{{#if:{{{Jan sun|}}}{{{Feb sun|}}}{{{Mar sun|}}}{{{Apr sun|}}}{{{May sun|}}}{{{Jun sun|}}}{{{Jul sun|}}}{{{Aug sun|}}}{{{Sep sun|}}}{{{Oct sun|}}}{{{Nov sun|}}}{{{Dec sun|}}}|<nowiki/> {{Infobox weather/oneline/date |label=ຈຳນວນຊົ່ວໂມງທີ່ມີແດດ |show=1 |sc=s |f=1 |jan1={{{Jan sun|}}} |feb1={{{Feb sun|}}} |mar1={{{Mar sun|}}} |apr1={{{Apr sun|}}} |may1={{{May sun|}}} |jun1={{{Jun sun|}}} |jul1={{{Jul sun|}}} |aug1={{{Aug sun|}}} |sep1={{{Sep sun|}}} |oct1={{{Oct sun|}}} |nov1={{{Nov sun|}}} |dec1={{{Dec sun|}}} |yr1={{#if:{{{year sun|}}}|{{{year sun}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr: {{#if:{{{Jan sun|}}}|{{{Jan sun}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Feb sun|}}}|{{{Feb sun}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Mar sun|}}}|{{{Mar sun}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Apr sun|}}}|{{{Apr sun}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{May sun|}}}|{{{May sun}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jun sun|}}}|{{{Jun sun}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Jul sun|}}}|{{{Jul sun}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Aug sun|}}}|{{{Aug sun}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Sep sun|}}}|{{{Sep sun}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Oct sun|}}}|{{{Oct sun}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Nov sun|}}}|{{{Nov sun}}}|foo}}+{{#if:{{{Dec sun|}}}|{{{Dec sun}}}|foo}}}}}}}}<!-- -->}}}} |-<!--SOURCES--> |colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:85%" {{#if:{{{source 1|}}}{{{source|}}}|{{!}}{{#if:{{{source 2|}}}|ແຫຼ່ງທີ່ມາ 1:|ແຫຼ່ງທີ່ມາ:}} {{{source|{{{source 1}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{source 2|}}}|<nowiki/> {{!-}} {{!}}colspan="14" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%"{{!}}ແຫຼ່ງທີ່ມາ 2: {{{source 2}}}}}|{{!}}{{Citation needed|date={{{date|}}}}}}} |}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Please add interwikis and categories to the /doc subpage --> </noinclude> 3a40btb5oudxjkm1a6pql2qt7w6gtqp 0 24088 130096 128547 2026-08-20T19:52:59Z InternetArchiveBot 13695 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 130096 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Political party|logo=[[ຮູບ:CPUSA.svg|210px]]|colorcode={{party color|Communist Party USA}}|foundation={{nowrap|{{start date and age|1919|9|1}}}}|split=[[ພັກສັງຄົມນິຍົມອາເມຣິກາ]]|predecessor=[[Left Wing Section of the Socialist Party]]|merger=[[History of the Communist Party USA|Communist Party of America]]<br />{{nowrap|[[Communist Labor Party of America]]}}<br />[[United Toilers of America]]<br />[[Workers Party of America]]|headquarters=235 W 23rd St, ນິວຢອກ, ນິວຢອກ 10011|newspaper=''[[People's World]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lccn.loc.gov/sn82016135|title=People's World|website=Library of Congress|oclc=09168021 |access-date=January 21, 2019}}</ref>|youth_wing=[[Young Communist League USA|Young Communist League]]<ref group="note">The party voted to dissolve its youth wing in 2015 and voted to re-establish it in 2019. [https://www.cpusa.org/article/final-resolutions-for-the-31st-national-convention/ ''Final Resolutions for the 31st National Convention'']. June 10, 2019.</ref>|membership_year=2023|membership={{increase}}19,000<ref name=AP2023/>|ideology={{ubl|[[ຄອມມິວນິດ]]<ref name=2025CPUSAConstitution>{{Cite web |last=USA |first=Communist Party |date=2025-07-25 |title=CPUSA Constitution |url=https://www.cpusa.org/party_info/cpusa-constitution/ |access-date=2025-08-02 |website=Communist Party USA |language=en-US}}</ref>|[[ລັດທິມາກ-ເລນິນ]]<ref name="2025CPUSAProgram">{{cite web |title=CPUSA Party Program |url=https://cpusa.org/party_info/cpusa-party-program/ |website=CPUSA.org |date=July 24, 2025 |publisher=Communist Party USA |access-date=9 September 2025}}</ref>|[[Bill of Rights socialism]]<ref name=2025CPUSAConstitution/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cpusa.org/party_info/socialism-in-the-usa/ |title=Bill of Rights Socialism |work=CPUSA Online |date=May 1, 2016 |access-date=October 30, 2017}}</ref>}}|position=[[ການເມືອງຝ່າຍຊ້າຍຈັດ]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pierard |first1=Richard |year=1998 |title=American Extremists: Militias, Supremacists, Klansmen, Communists, & Others. By John George and Laird Wilcox. Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Press, 1996. 443 pp. $18.95 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-church-and-state_autumn-1998_40_4/page/912 |journal=Journal of Church and State |volume=40 |issue=4 |pages=912–913 |publisher=Oxford Journals |doi=10.1093/jcs/40.4.912 }}</ref>|international=[[International Meeting of Communist and Workers' Parties|IMCWP]] (ນັບ​ຕັ້ງ​ແຕ່​ປີ 1998​)<br />[[Communist International|Comintern]] (ຈົນກ່ວາ 1943)|Website={{Official URL}}|leader1_name=[[Joe Sims (politician)|Joe Sims]]<br />Rossana Cambron|leader1_title=ປະທານຮ່ວມ|name_lao=ພັກກອມມູນິດສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ|name_native=Communist Party of the United States of America}}'''ພັກກອມມູນິດສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ''' ({{Langx|en|Communist Party of the United States of America}}; '''CPUSA'''), ເປັນພັກກອມມູນິດ far-left ໃນ[[ສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ]]. ມັນໄດ້ຖືກສ້າງຕັ້ງຂຶ້ນໃນປີ 1919 ຫຼັງຈາກ[[ການປະຕິວັດລັດເຊຍ]], ເຊິ່ງເກີດຂຶ້ນຈາກປີກຊ້າຍຂອງ[[ພັກສັງຄົມນິຍົມອາເມລິກາ]] (SPA). == ອ້າງອີງ == <references /> [[ໝວດ:ພັກກອມມູນິດ]] ohxwg72c4ek10kitjtkdd957a617m2g 0 24804 130115 126978 2026-08-21T06:14:22Z Khomphoi28 15846 Khomphoi28 ຍ້າຍໜ້າ [[ຊີແອດເທິລ]] ໄປ [[ຊີແອດເຕິນ]]: ທັບສັບ 126978 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ຄຸນນະພາບການແປ}}{{ກ່ອງຂໍ້ມູນ ນິຄົມ|name=ຊີແອດເທິລ<br>Seattle|native_name=dᶻidᶻəlal̕ič ([[Lushootseed]])|native_name_lang=lut|settlement_type=[[ລັດຖະບານເມືອງໃນລັດວໍຊິງຕັນ (ລັດ)|ເມືອງ]]|image_skyline={{multiple image |border = infobox |total_width = 290 |perrow = 1/2/2 |caption_align = center |image1 = Seattle Downtown Aerial, July 2025 (zoomed).jpg |alt1 = Downtown Seattle skyline |caption1 = [[Downtown Seattle]] skyline with [[Mount Rainier]] in the background |image2 = Seattle Center as night falls.jpg |alt2 = Space Needle with the Olympic Mountains in the background |caption2 = [[Space Needle]] and [[Climate Pledge Arena]], with the [[Olympic Mountains]] in the background |image3 = Seattle Great Wheel, Seattle, Washington, Estados Unidos, 2017-09-02, DD 16.jpg |alt3 = Seattle Great Wheel |caption3 = [[Seattle Great Wheel]] |image4 = Pike Place Market 2019-1078.jpg |alt4 = The sign of Pike Place Market, a popular public market and tourist destination |caption4 = [[Pike Place Market]] |image5 = Amazon Spheres from 6th Avenue, April 2020.jpg |alt5 = Amazon Spheres |caption5 = [[Amazon Spheres]] }}|image_flag=Flag of Seattle.svg|flag_size=105px|image_seal=Seal of Seattle, Washington.png|seal_size=85px|image_blank_emblem=City of Seattle (logo).svg|blank_emblem_type=Wordmark|blank_emblem_size=155px|blank_emblem_alt=|blank_emblem_link=List of U.S. county and city insignia|named_for=[[Chief Seattle]]|nicknames=The Emerald City, Jet City, Rain City|mottoes=The City of Flowers, The City of Goodwill|pushpin_map=Washington#USA|pushpin_relief=yes|subdivision_type=ປະເທດ|subdivision_name=[[ສະຫະລັດອາເມລິກາ]]|subdivision_type1=[[ລັດຂອງສະຫະລັດ|ລັດ]]|subdivision_name1=[[ວໍຊິງຕັນ (ລັດ)|ວໍຊິງຕັນ]]|subdivision_type2=[[List of counties in Washington|County]]|subdivision_name2=[[King County, Washington|King]]|established_title1=ສ້າງຕັ້ງຂຶ້ນ|established_date1={{start date |1851|11|13}}|established_title2=[[Municipal corporation|Incorporated (town status)]]|established_date2={{start date|1865|01|14}}|established_title3=[[Municipal corporation|Incorporated (city status)]]|established_date3={{start date|1869|12|02}}|government_type=[[Mayor–council government|Mayor–council]]|governing_body=[[Seattle City Council]]|leader_title=[[Mayor of Seattle|Mayor]]|leader_name=[[Katie Wilson]]|unit_pref=Imperial|area_footnotes=<ref name="CenPopGazetteer">{{cite web |title=2022 U.S. Gazetteer Files: Washington |url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2022_Gazetteer/2022_gaz_place_53.txt |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=January 15, 2024 |archive-date=September 7, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907221212/https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2022_Gazetteer/2022_gaz_place_53.txt |url-status=live }}</ref>|area_total_sq_mi=142.07|area_total_km2=367.97|area_land_sq_mi=83.99|area_land_km2=217.54|area_water_sq_mi=58.08|area_water_km2=150.43|area_metro_sq_mi=8,186|area_metro_km2=21,202|population_as_of=[[2020 United States census|2020]]|population_total=737015|population_footnotes=<ref name="QuickFacts">{{cite web |title=QuickFacts: Seattle city, Washington |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/seattlecitywashington/POP010220 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=May 15, 2025 |archive-date=June 9, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609093625/https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/seattlecitywashington/POP010220 |url-status=live }}</ref>|pop_est_footnotes=<ref name="QuickFacts"/>|pop_est_as_of=2024|population_est=780995|population_rank={{nowrap|[[List of North American cities by population|54th]] in North America<br />[[List of United States cities by population|18th]] in the United States<br />[[List of municipalities in Washington|1st]] in Washington}}|population_density_sq_mi=9298.67|population_density_km2=3591.59|population_metro_footnotes=<ref name="2020Pop">{{cite web |title=2020 Population and Housing State Data |url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=August 22, 2021 |archive-date=August 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824081449/https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html |url-status=live }}</ref>|population_metro=4018762 (US: [[List of metropolitan statistical areas|15th]])|population_urban=3544011 (US: [[List of United States urban areas|13th]])|population_urban_footnotes=<ref name="urban area">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/guidance/geo-areas/urban-rural.html |title=List of 2020 Census Urban Areas |website=census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=January 8, 2023 |archive-date=January 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114022812/https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/guidance/geo-areas/urban-rural.html |url-status=live }}</ref>|population_density_urban_km2=1,392.7|population_density_urban_sq_mi=3,607.1|population_demonym=Seattleite<ref name="The Seattle Times">{{cite news |last1=Balk |first1=Gene |title=When can you call yourself a Seattleite? |url=http://blogs.seattletimes.com/fyi-guy/2012/10/02/when-can-you-call-yourself-a-seattleite/ |website=The Seattle Times |access-date=October 19, 2018 |date=October 2, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116233637/http://blogs.seattletimes.com/fyi-guy/2012/10/02/when-can-you-call-yourself-a-seattleite/ |archive-date=January 16, 2013 }}</ref> or Seattlite<ref name="City of Seattle">{{cite web |last1=Wilson-Codega |first1=Lily |title=About Seattle: Sister Cities |url=http://www.seattle.gov/oir/sister-cities/about-seattle-sister-cities |website=City of Seattle |access-date=October 19, 2018 |archive-date=October 19, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181019164018/http://www.seattle.gov/oir/sister-cities/about-seattle-sister-cities |url-status=live }}</ref>|demographics_type2=GDP|demographics2_footnotes=<ref name="FRED-GDP">{{cite web |date=December 4, 2024 |title=Total Gross Domestic Product for Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA (MSA) |url=https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/NGMP42660 |work=[[Federal Reserve Economic Data]] |publisher=[[Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis]] |access-date=June 22, 2025 |archive-date=June 22, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250622055404/https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/NGMP42660 |url-status=live }}</ref>|demographics2_title1=Metro|demographics2_info1=604.065 ຕື້ໂດລາ (2024)|timezone=[[ເຂດເວລາປາຊີຟິກ|PST]]|utc_offset=−8|timezone_DST=[[ເຂດເວລາປາຊີຟິກ|PDT]]|utc_offset_DST=−7|elevation_ft=148|elevation_footnotes=<ref name=gnis/>|coordinates={{coord|47|36|14|N|122|19|48|W|region:US-WA|display=inline,title}}|postal_code_type=[[ZIP Code]]s|postal_code={{collapsible list |title = {{nobold|ZIP Codes}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupResultsAction!input.action?resultMode=1&address1=&address2=&city=Seattle&state=WA |publisher=USPS |title=Zip Code Lookup |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151112030118/http://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupResultsAction%21input.action?resultMode=1&address1=&address2=&city=Seattle&state=WA |archive-date=November 12, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupResultsAction!input.action?items=30&page=2&address1=&address2=&city=Seattle&state=WA |publisher=USPS |title=Zip Code Lookup |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151112030348/http://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupResultsAction%21input.action?items=30&page=2&address1=&address2=&city=Seattle&state=WA |archive-date=November 12, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> |list_style = text-align:center;display:none |98101–98119, 98121–98122, 98124–98127, 98129, 98131, 98133–98134, 98136, 98138–98139, 98141, 98144–98146, 98148, 98154–98155, 98158, 98160–98161, 98164–98166, 98168, 98170, 98174–98175, 98177–98178, 98181, 98185, 98188, 98190–98191, 98194–98195, 98198–98199}}|area_code=[[Area code 206|206]], [[Area code 564|564]]|area_code_type=[[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]]|blank_name=[[Federal Information Processing Standards|FIPS code]]|blank_info=53-63000|blank1_name=[[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID|blank1_info=2411856<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2411856 }}</ref>|website={{Official URL}}|module={{Infobox region symbols|embedded=yes | bird = [[Great blue heron]]<ref name="Symbols">{{cite web |title=Seattle City Symbols |url=https://www.seattle.gov/cityarchives/seattle-facts/city-symbols |publisher=Seattle Municipal Archives |accessdate=February 22, 2026}}</ref> | flower = [[Dahlia]]<ref name="Symbols"/> | motto = The City of Flowers; the City of Goodwill<ref name="Symbols"/> | song = "Seattle the Peerless City"<ref name="Symbols"/> }}}}'''ຊີແອດເທິລ''' ({{Langx|en|Seattle}}) ເປັນເມືອງທີ່ມີປະຊາກອນຫຼາຍທີ່ສຸດໃນ[[ລັດວໍຊິງຕັນ]]ຂອງ[[ສະຫະລັດ]] ແລະພາກພື້ນປາຊີຟິກຕາເວັນຕົກສຽງເໜືອຂອງ[[ທະວີບອາເມຣິກາເໜືອ]]. == ອ້າງອີງ == <references /> {{Stub}} b4z60454aupzh1moms0iudxifs72wka 130117 130115 2026-08-21T06:19:18Z Khomphoi28 15846 /* */ 130117 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ຊີແອດເຕິນ | settlement_type = [[ລັດຖະບານນະຄອນໃນລັດວໍຊິງຕັນ|ນະຄອນ]] | image_skyline = {{multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 280 | image_style = border:1; | perrow = 1/2/2/2 | image1 = SeattleQueenAnne.png | image2 = SafecoFieldTop.jpg|275px|Safeco Field | image3 = Pike Place Market 1.jpg | image4 = SpaceNeedleTopClose.jpg | image5 = Seattle Great Wheel, Seattle, Washington, Estados Unidos, 2017-09-02, DD 16.jpg | image6 = University of Washington Quad, Spring 2007.jpg | image7 = Amazon Spheres 05.jpg }} | image_caption = ຈາກເທິງສຸດ ຊ້າຍໄປຂວາ: ພາບຖ່າຍທາງອາກາດຂອງເຂດໃຈກາງເມຶອງໂດຍມີ[[ພູເຣເນຍ]]ເປັນສາກຫຼັງ, [[ທີ-ໂມບາຍ ພາກ]], [[ໄພເພຼສມາເກັດ]], [[ສະເປດນິດເດີນ]], [[ຊິງຊ້າສະຫວັນຍັກຊີແອດເຕິນ]], ເດີ່ນກວ້າງໃຈກາງໃນ[[ມະຫາວິທະຍາໄລ ວໍຊິງຕັນ]] ແລະ [[ອາເມຊອນ ສະເຟຍ]]. | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_blank_emblem = | named_for = [[Chief Seattle|Chief Si'ahl]] | nickname = ນະຄອນມໍລະກົດ ນະຄອຍແຫ່ງເຮືອ ນະຄອນແຫ່ງສານຝົນ | motto = ນະຄອນແຫ່ງດອກໄມ້ ນະຄອນແຫ່ງຄວາມປາຖະໜາດີ | image_map = King County Washington Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Seattle Highlighted.svg | mapsize = 250x200px | map_caption = ທີ່ຕັ້ງໃນຄິງເຄົາຕີ | pushpin_map = USA | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_label = ຊີແອດເຕິນ | pushpin_map_caption = ທີ່ຕັ້ງໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ | pushpin_relief = 1 | coordinates = {{coord|47|36|35|N|122|19|59|W|region:US-WA|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = [[ລາຍຊື່ປະເທດ ດິນແດນ ແລະ ເມືອງຫຼວງ|ປະເທດ]] | subdivision_name = ສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ | subdivision_type1 = [[ລັດ (ສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ)|ລັດ]] | subdivision_name1 = [[ລັດວໍຊິງຕັນ|ວໍຊິງຕັນ]] | subdivision_type2 = [[ລາຍຊື່ເຄົາຕີໃນວໍຊິງຕັນ|ເຄົາຕີ]] | subdivision_name2 = ຄິງ | established_title1 = ສະຖາປະນາ | established_date1 = ຄ.ສ 1851 | established_title2 = ເລີ່ມປົກຄອງແບບເທສະບານ | established_date2 = 2 ທັນວາ ຄ.ສ 1869 | government_type = ສະພາ–ນາຍົກເທສະມົນຕີ | governing_body = [[ສະພານະຄອນຊີແອດເຕິນ]] | leader_title = [[ນາຍົກເທສະມົນຕີຊີແອດເຕິນ|ນາຍົກເທສະມົນຕີ]] | leader_name = [[ບຣູສ ຮາແຣລ]] ([[ພັກເດໂມແຄຣັດ (ສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ)|ເດໂມແຄຣັດ]]) | leader_title1 = ຮອງນາຍົກເທສະມົນຕີ | leader_name1 = ໄມເຄິນ ຟອງ ແລະ ເຊຟາລີ ແຣນການາທັນ | unit_pref = Imperial | area_magnitude = 1 E+9 | area_total_sq_mi = 142.07 | area_total_km2 = 367.97 | area_land_sq_mi = 83.99 | area_land_km2 = 217.54 | area_water_sq_mi = 58.08 | area_water_km2 = 150.43 | area_metro_sq_mi = 8,186 | area_metro_km2 = 21,202 | elevation_ft = 175 | elevation_m = 53 | elevation_max_ft = 520 | elevation_max_m = 158 | elevation_min_ft = 0 | elevation_min_m = 0 | population_as_of = 2020 | population_est = 737,015 {{gain}} | pop_est_as_of = 2025 | pop_est_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusEst2019">{{cite web |date=May 2020 |title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places in Washington: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2019 |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2010s-total-cities-and-towns.html |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=May 21, 2020}}</ref> | population_footnotes = <ref name="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web |title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=December 19, 2012}}</ref> | population_total = 608660 | population_rank = ອັນດັບທີ 18 ໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ | population_density_sq_mi = 8973.18 | population_urban = 3,059,393 (ອັນດັບທີ 14 ໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ) | population_metro = 3,979,845 (ອັນດັບທີ 15 ໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ) | population_blank1_title = [[Combined statistical area|CSA]] | population_blank1 = 4,903,675 (ອັນດັບທີ 14 ໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ) | population_demonym = Seattleite<ref name="The Seattle Times">{{cite web |last1=Balk |first1=Gene |title=When can you call yourself a Seattleite? |url=http://blogs.seattletimes.com/fyi-guy/2012/10/02/when-can-you-call-yourself-a-seattleite/ |website=The Seattle Times |access-date=October 19, 2018 |date=October 2, 2012}}</ref> or Seattlite<ref name="City of Seattle">{{cite web |last1=Wilson-Codega |first1=Lily |title=About Seattle Sister Cities – Sister Cities {{!}} seattle.gov |url=http://www.seattle.gov/oir/sister-cities/about-seattle-sister-cities |website=City of Seattle |access-date=October 19, 2018}}</ref> | timezone = [[ເຂດເວລາປາຊີຟິກ|PST]] | utc_offset = −8 | timezone_DST = [[ເຂດເວລາປາຊີຟິກ|PDT]] | utc_offset_DST = −7 | postal_code_type = [[ລະຫັດໄປສະນີ]] | postal_code = {{collapsible list |title = {{nobold|ລະຫັດໄປສະນີ}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupResultsAction!input.action?resultMode=1&address1=&address2=&city=Seattle&state=WA |publisher=USPS |title=Zip Code Lookup |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151112030118/http://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupResultsAction%21input.action?resultMode=1&address1=&address2=&city=Seattle&state=WA |archive-date=November 12, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupResultsAction!input.action?items=30&page=2&address1=&address2=&city=Seattle&state=WA |publisher=USPS |title=Zip Code Lookup |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151112030348/http://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupResultsAction%21input.action?items=30&page=2&address1=&address2=&city=Seattle&state=WA |archive-date=November 12, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> |list_style = text-align:center;display:none |98101–98119, 98121–98122, 98124–98127, 98129, 98131, 98133–98134, 98136, 98138–98139, 98141, 98144–98146, 98148, 98154–98155, 98158, 98160–98161, 98164–98166, 98168, 98170, 98174–98175, 98177–98178, 98181, 98185, 98188, 98190–98191, 98194–98195, 98198–98199}} | area_code = 206 | area_code_type = ລະຫັດພື້ນທີ່ | blank_name = ລະຫັດມາດຕະຖານໃນການແປຂໍ້ມູນສູ່ລັດຖະບານກາງ | blank_info = 53-63000 | blank1_name = ລະຫັດລະບົບສາລະສົນເທດພູມສາດ | blank1_info = 1512650<ref name="GR3">{{cite gnis|id=1512650|name=Seattle}}</ref> | website = {{official website|name=Seattle.gov}} | footnotes = | area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_53.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=August 7, 2020}}</ref> | population_density_km2 = 3464.55 | official_name = }} '''ຊີແອດເຕິນ''' ({{langx|en|Seattle|italic=no}}, {{IPAc-en|audio=GT Seattle AE.ogg|s|i|ˈ|æ|t|əl}} {{respell|see|AT|əl}}) ເປັນເມືອງທ່າບົນຊາຍຝັ່ງຕາເວັນຕົກຂອງ[[ສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ]] ຕັ້ງຢູ່ໃນຄິງເຄົາຕີ [[ລັດວໍຊິງຕັນ]] ຖືວ່າເປັນເມືອງທີ່ໃຫຍ່ທີ່ສຸດໃນລັດວໍຊິງຕັນ ແລະ ພາກພື້ນປາຊີຟິກຕາເວັນຕົກສຽງເໜືອຂອງ[[ອາເມຣິກາເໜືອ]] ການສຳມະໂນຄົວໃນປີ ຄ.ສ 2019 ເປີດເຜີຍວ່າ[[ເຂດມະຫານະຄອນຊີແອດເຕິນ]]ມີປະຊາກອນທັງໝົດ 4.02 ລ້ານຄົນ ນັບເປັນຄົນມະຫານະຄອນທີ່ມີປະຊາກອນຫຼາຍເປັນອັນດັບທີ 15 ຂອງສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/data/seattle-just-one-of-5-big-metros-last-year-that-had-more-people-move-here-than-leave-census-data-show/ |title=Seattle just one of 5 big metros last year that had more people move here than leave, census data show |last=Balk |first=Gene |date=March 26, 2018 |work=The Seattle Times |access-date=May 7, 2018}}</ref> ໃນເດືອນກໍລະກົດປີ ຄ.ສ 2013 ຊີແອດເຕິນເປັນເມືອງຫຼັກທີ່ມີການຂະຫຍາຍຕົວໄວທີ່ສຸດໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.seattletimes.com/fyi-guy/2014/05/22/census-seattle-is-the-fastest-growing-big-city-in-the-u-s/ |title=Census: Seattle is the fastest-growing big city in the U.S. |last=Balk |first=Gene |series=FYI Guy |work=The Seattle Times |date=May 22, 2014 |access-date=May 27, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180222184013/http://blogs.seattletimes.com/fyi-guy/2014/05/22/census-seattle-is-the-fastest-growing-big-city-in-the-u-s/ |archive-date=February 22, 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ແລະ ຍັງຄົງຢູ່ໃນຫ້າອັນດັບທຳອິດຈາກການຈັດອັນດັບໃນເດືອນພຶດສະພາປີ ຄ.ສ 2015 ດ້ວຍອັດຕາການຂະຫຍາຍຕົວຮ້ອຍລະ 2.1 ຕໍ່ປີ.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/data/seattle-no-longer-americas-fastest-growing-big-city/ |title=Seattle no longer America's fastest-growing big city |last=Balk |first=Gene |series=FYI Guy |work=The Seattle Times |date=May 21, 2015 |access-date=November 20, 2015}}</ref> ຊີແອດເຕິນຍັງຄົງເປັນເມືອງຫຼັກທີ່ມີການຂະຫຍາຍຕົວໄວທີ່ສຸດໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ ດ້ວຍອັດຕາການຂະຫຍາຍຕົວຮ້ອຍລະ 21.1 ລະຫວ່າງປີ ຄ.ສ 2010 ຫາ 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-12 |title=Seattle grew by more than 100,000 people in past 10 years, King County population booms, diversifies, new census data shows |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/seattle-grew-by-more-than-100000-people-in-past-10-years-kent-among-fastest-growing-cities-new-census-data-shows/ |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=The Seattle Times |language=en-US}}</ref> ຊິແອດເຕິນຕັ້ງຢູ່ເທິງ[[ຄໍຄອດ]]ລະຫວ່າງພິວເຈັດຊາວໃນມະຫາສະໝຸດປາຊີຟິກ ແລະ [[ທະເລສາບວໍຊິງຕັນ]] ເປັນນະຄອນໃຫຍ່ທີ່ຢູ່ທາງທິດເໜືອສຸດຂອງສະຫະລັດອາຣິກາ ຢູ່ຫ່າງຈາກຊາຍແດນການາດາໄປທາງທິດໃຕ້ປະມານ {{convert|100|mi}} ຊີແອດເຕິນນັບເປັນປະຕູການຄ້າຫຼັກສູ່ອາຊີ ໂດຍເປັນເມືອງທ່າທີ່ໃຫຍ່ເປັນອັນດັບທີ 4 ໃນອາເມຣິກາເໜືອໃນທາງຂອງການຮອງຮັບຕູ້ບັນຈຸສິນຄ້າໃນປີ ຄ.ສ 2015.<ref>{{cite web|title=Seaport Statistics|url=http://www.portseattle.org/About/Publications/Statistics/Seaport/Pages/default.aspx|publisher=Port of Seattle|access-date=January 28, 2016|archive-date=2021-05-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507071158/https://www.portseattle.org/About/Publications/Statistics/Seaport/Pages/default.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[ກຸ່ມຊົນພື້ນເມືອງອາເມຣິກາໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ| ກຸ່ມຊົນພື້ນເມືອງອາເມຣິກາ]]ເຂົ້າມາຕັ້ງຖິ່ນຖານໃນພື້ນທີ່ຂອງຊີແອດເຕິນເມື່ອ 4,000 ປີກ່ອນທີ່ຈະມີຜູ້ຕັ້ງຖິ່ນຖານຈາກເອີຣົບເຂົ້າມາ.<ref name=Discovery_Park>{{cite news|url=http://www.seattlepi.com/lifestyle/article/Feel-the-beat-of-history-in-the-park-and-concert-1251579.php|title=Feel the beat of history in the park and concert hall at two family-friendly events|work=Seattle Post-Intelligencer|date=October 4, 2007|author=Doree Armstrong|access-date=November 1, 2007}}</ref> ) ອາເທີ ເດັນນີ ພ້ອມດ້ວຍຄະນະເດີນທາງຂອງລາວ ຊຶ່ງຮູ້ຈັກກັນໃນຊື່ພັກພວກເດັນນີ ເດີນທາງດ້ວຍເຮືອໃບ ''ເອັກແຊັກ'' ຈາກ[[ລັດອີລິນອຍ]] ຜ່ານ[[ພອດແລນ]] ແລະ ມາຮອດອານໄຄພອຍເມື່ອວັນທີ 13 ພະຈິກ ປີ ຄ.ສ 1851<ref>{{cite web|author=Andrew Craig Magnuson|date=July 20, 2014|url=http://www.craigmagnuson.com/exact.htm|title=In Search of the Schooner Exact|publisher=Andrew Craig Magnuson|access-date=September 27, 2014}}</ref> ຕໍ່ມາໄດ້ມີການຍ້ານນິຄົມໄປຍັງຊາຍຝັ່ງທິດຕາເວັນອອກຂອງອ່າວເອວລຽດ ແລະ ຕັ້ງຊື່ນິຄົມໃໝ່ນີ້ວ່າ "ຊີແອດເຕິນ" ໃນປີ ຄ.ສ 1852 ເພື່ອເປັນກຽດແກ່ທ່ານຊີແອດເຕິນຊຶ່ງເປັນຫົວໜ້າເຜົ່າດູວາມິດ ແລະ ຊູຄົວມິດ. ປັດຈຸບັນ ຊີແອດເຕິນມີປະຊາກອນເປັນຈຳນວນຫຼາຍທັງຊາວພື້ນເມືອງ, ຊາວສະກັງດີນາວີ, ຊາວອາຊີ ແລະ ຊາວອາຟຣິກາອາເມຣິກາ ນອກຈາກນີ້ຍັງມີ[[ກຸ່ມບຸກຄົນທີ່ມີຄວາມຫຼາກຫຼາຍທາງເພດ]] ຊຶ່ງມີຫຼາຍເປັນອັນດັບທີ 6 ຂອງປະເທດ.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/data/data-show-seattle-metros-lgbt-population-at-173000/|title=Survey ranks Seattle area 5th for LGBT population – so many people is that?|publisher=The Seattle Times|author=Gene Balk|date=March 20, 2015}}</ref> [[ການເຮັດໄມ້]]ເຄີຍເປັນອຸດສາຫະກຳຫຼັກລຳດັບທຳອິດ ຂອງເມືອງ ແຕ່ໃນໄລຍະປາຍສະຕະວັດທີ 19 ເມືອງກາຍເປັນສູນກາງການຄ້າ ແລະ ການຕໍ່ເຮືອ ແລະ ເປັນປະຕູສູ່[[ລັດອາລາສະກາ|ອາລາສະກາ]]ໃນໄລຍະຍຸກການຕື່ນຄຳຄລອນໄດ. ຊີແອດເຕິນມີການຂະຫຍາຍຕົວອີກຄັ້ງຫຼັງ[[ສົງຄາມໂລກຄັ້ງທີສອງ]]ໂດຍມີການສ່ວນຈາກການທີ່ບໍລິສັດ [[ໂບອິງ]]ໃຊ້ເມືອງນີ້ເປັນສູນກາງໃນການສ້າງເຄື່ອງບິນ ຕໍ່ມາຊີແອດເຕິນພັດທະນາເປັນສູນກາງທາງເຕັກໂນໂລຊີຕັ້ງແຕ່ທົດສະວັດປີ 1980 ໂດຍມີການກໍ່ຕັ້ງບໍລິສັດ[[ໄມໂຄຣຊອບ]]ໃນພື້ນທີ່ນີ້ [[ບິລ ເກດສ໌]]ຊຶ່ງເປັນຜູ້ກໍ່ຕັ້ງໄມໂຄຣຊອບ ເປັນຊາວຊີແອດເຕິນໂດຍກຳເນີດ ບໍລິສັດຄ້າຍ່ອຍທາງອິນເຕີເນັດ [[ອາເມຊອນ (ບໍລິສັດ)|ອາເມຊອນ]]ກໍ່ຕັ້ງທີ່ຊີແອດເຕິນໃນປີ ຄ.ສ 1994 ແລະ ສາຍການບິນຫຼັກຢ່າງ[[ອາລາສະກາແອລາຍ]] ໃຫ້ບໍລິການທີ່[[ສະໜາມບິນສາກົນຊີແອດເຕິນ–ທາໂຄມາ]]ຊຶ່ງເປັນສະໜາມບິນຫຼັກຂອງເມືອງ ການສະຕຣີມຂອງລະບົບຊອບແວໃໝ່ [[ນາໂນເຕັກໂນໂລຊີ]] ແລະ ບໍລິສັດອິນເຕີເນັດ ມີສ່ວນຊ່ວຍໃຫ້ເກີດການຟື້ນຕົວທາງເສດຖະກິດ ຊຶ່ງເຮັດໃຫ້ປະຊາກອນຂອງເມືອງເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນເກືອບ 50,000 ຄົນໃນໄລຍະລະຫວ່າງປີ 1990 ຫາ 2000. ຊີແອດເຕິນມີປະຫວັດສາດທາງດົນຕີທີ່ໂດດເດັ່ນ ໂດຍໃນໄລຍະປີ ຄ.ສ 1918 ຫາ 1951 ມີວົງ[[ແຈສ]]ທີ່ຫຼິ້ນດົນຕີກາງຄືນໃນຖະໜົນແຈັກສັນ ຕັ້ງແຕ່ເຂດໄຊນາທາວ/ນານາຊາດໄປຈົນຮອດເຂດເຊັນທຣັນ. ການຫຼິ້ນດົນຕີແຈສເຮັດໃຫ້ຫຼາຍຄົນມີເສັ້ນທາງອາຊີບທີ່ດີຂຶ້ນ ບໍ່ວ່າຈະເປັນ ເຣ ຊານສ໌, ຄວິນຊີ ໂຈນສ໌ ແລະ ເອີເນດສະຕາຍ ແອນເດີສັນ. ຊີແອດເຕິນຍັງເປັນບ້ານເກີດຂອງນັກດົນຕີຣັອກ [[ຈິມິ ເຮັນດຣິກຊ໌]] ແລະ ເປັນຖິ່ນກຳເນີດຂອງວົງ[[ເນີວານາ]], [[ເພີນແຈມ]], [[ຊາວກາເດັນ]], [[ອະລິດຊ໌ອິນເຊນສ໌]], [[ຟູໄຟເຕີສ໌]] ແລະ ດົນຕີແນວ[[ກຣັນ]].<ref name=Seattle_Sound>{{cite book|last=Heylin|first=Clinton|title=Babylon's Burning: From Punk to Grunge|publisher=Conongate|year=2007|isbn=978-1-84195-879-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/babylonsburningf0000heyl/page/606 606]|url=https://archive.org/details/babylonsburningf0000heyl/page/606}}</ref> == ພູມອາກາດ == ຊີແອດເຕິນມີລັກສະນະ[[ພູມອາກາດແບບເມດີແຕຣາເນ]] ຕາມ[[ການແບ່ງເຂດພູມອາກາດແບບເຄີບເປີນ]] ແຕ່ໃນການແບ່ງເຂດພູມອາກາດແບບອື່ນໆ (ເຊັ່ນ Trewartha) ອາດຖືກຈັດໃຫ້ມີລັກສະນະ[[ພູມອາກາດແບບອົບອຸ່ນຊຸ່ມພາກພື້ນສະໝຸດ]]. ລະດູຮ້ອນມີອາກາດອົບອຸ່ນ ຂ້ອນຂ້າງແຫ້ງ ແລະ ທ້ອງຟ້າແຈ່ມໃສເປັນສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ ອຸນຫະພູມສະເລ່ຍລະຫວ່າງ 14-25 ອົງສາເຊນຊຽດໃນເດືອນກໍລະກົດ ແລະ ເດືອນສິງຫາ ຂະນະທີ່ລະດູໜາວມີອາກາດເຢັນ, ຝົນຕົກຫຼາຍ ແລະ ທ້ອງຟ້າຄື້ມເປັນສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ ອຸນຫະພູມສະເລ່ຍລະຫວ່າງ 3-8 ອົງສາເຊນຊຽດໃນເດືອນທັນວາ. ຊີແອດເຕິນເປັນໜຶ່ງໃນເມືອງທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບຜົນກະທົບຈາກຄື້ນຄວາມຮ້ອນທີ່ປົກຄຸມຝັ່ງຕາເວັນຕົກຂອງທະວີບອາເມຣິກາເໜືອປີ ຄ.ສ 2021 ຊຶ່ງເປັນຜົນມາຈາກປາກົດການ[[ໂດມຄວາມຮ້ອນ]] ໂດຍອຸນຫະພູມສູງສຸດຕະຫຼອດການວັດໄດ້ 108 ອົງສາຟາເຣັນຮາຍ (42.2 ອົງສາເຊນຊຽດ) ເມື່ອວັນທີ 28 ມິຖຸນາ ຄ.ສ 2021<ref>{{Cite web |title=Astounding heat obliterates all-time records across the Pacific Northwest and Western Canada in June 2021 |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/event-tracker/astounding-heat-obliterates-all-time-records-across-pacific-northwest |access-date=2026-07-12 |website=climate.gov |language=en}}</ref> ແມ່ນວ່າຊີແອດເຕິນຈະມີຝົນຕົກຫຼາຍກວ່າຫຼາຍເມືອງໃຫຍ່ໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ ຊຶ່ງຢູ່ທີ 156 ມື້ຕໍ່ປີ ແຕ່ປະລິມານຢາກນໍ້າຟ້າລວມທັງປີກໍຍັງໜ້ອຍກວ່າຫຼາຍເມືອງທາງຝັ່ງຕາເວັນອອກຂອງສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ ຊຶ່ງຢູ່ທີ 1,000 ມິນລີແມັດ ຂະນະທີ່[[ຫິມະ]]ໃນຊີແອດເຕີລພົບໄດ້ບໍ່ຫຼາຍ ແລະ ມີແສງແດດລວມທັງປີປະມານ 2,100 ຊົ່ວໂມງ. {{Weather box |location = ຊີແອດເຕິນ (ສະໜາມບິນສາກົນຊີແອດເຕິນ-ທາໂຄມາ) (ຄ່າປົກກະຕິ 1991-2020; ຄ່າສຸດຂີດ 1945-ປັດຈຸບັນ) |single line = Yes |Jan record high F = 64 |Feb record high F = 70 |Mar record high F = 79 |Apr record high F = 89 |May record high F = 93 |Jun record high F = 108 |Jul record high F = 103 |Aug record high F = 99 |Sep record high F = 98 |Oct record high F = 89 |Nov record high F = 74 |Dec record high F = 66 |Jan high F = 48.0 |Feb high F = 50.3 |Mar high F = 54.2 |Apr high F = 59.3 |May high F = 66.3 |Jun high F = 71.1 |Jul high F = 77.4 |Aug high F = 77.6 |Sep high F = 71.6 |Oct high F = 60.5 |Nov high F = 52.1 |Dec high F = 47.0 |Jan mean F = 42.8 |Feb mean F = 44.0 |Mar mean F = 47.1 |Apr mean F = 51.3 |May mean F = 57.5 |Jun mean F = 62.0 |Jul mean F = 67.1 |Aug mean F = 67.4 |Sep mean F = 62.6 |Oct mean F = 53.8 |Nov mean F = 46.5 |Dec mean F = 42.0 |Jan low F = 37.7 |Feb low F = 37.7 |Mar low F = 39.9 |Apr low F = 43.3 |May low F = 48.7 |Jun low F = 53.0 |Jul low F = 56.8 |Aug low F = 57.2 |Sep low F = 53.6 |Oct low F = 47.0 |Nov low F = 40.9 |Dec low F = 37.1 |Jan record low F = 0 |Feb record low F = 1 |Mar record low F = 11 |Apr record low F = 29 |May record low F = 28 |Jun record low F = 38 |Jul record low F = 43 |Aug record low F = 44 |Sep record low F = 35 |Oct record low F = 28 |Nov record low F = 6 |Dec record low F = 6 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation inch = 5.78 |Feb precipitation inch = 3.76 |Mar precipitation inch = 4.17 |Apr precipitation inch = 3.18 |May precipitation inch = 1.88 |Jun precipitation inch = 1.45 |Jul precipitation inch = 0.60 |Aug precipitation inch = 0.97 |Sep precipitation inch = 1.61 |Oct precipitation inch = 3.91 |Nov precipitation inch = 6.31 |Dec precipitation inch = 5.72 |Jan humidity = 78.0 |Feb humidity = 75.2 |Mar humidity = 73.6 |Apr humidity = 71.4 |May humidity = 68.9 |Jun humidity = 67.1 |Jul humidity = 65.4 |Aug humidity = 68.2 |Sep humidity = 73.2 |Oct humidity = 78.6 |Nov humidity = 79.8 |Dec humidity = 80.1 |unit precipitation days = 0.01 ນິ້ວ |Jan precipitation days = 18.7 |Feb precipitation days = 15.9 |Mar precipitation days = 17.1 |Apr precipitation days = 15.0 |May precipitation days = 11.3 |Jun precipitation days = 9.2 |Jul precipitation days = 4.7 |Aug precipitation days = 4.9 |Sep precipitation days = 8.3 |Oct precipitation days = 14.3 |Nov precipitation days = 18.4 |Dec precipitation days = 18.4 |Jan snow inch = 1.8 |Feb snow inch = 2.2 |Mar snow inch = 0.4 |Apr snow inch = 0.0 |May snow inch = 0.0 |Jun snow inch = 0.0 |Jul snow inch = 0.0 |Aug snow inch = 0.0 |Sep snow inch = 0.0 |Oct snow inch = 0.0 |Nov snow inch = 0.2 |Dec snow inch = 1.7 |unit snow days = 0.1 ນິ້ວ |Jan snow days = 1.4 |Feb snow days = 1.2 |Mar snow days = 0.4 |Apr snow days = 0.0 |May snow days = 0.0 |Jun snow days = 0.0 |Jul snow days = 0.0 |Aug snow days = 0.0 |Sep snow days = 0.0 |Oct snow days = 0.0 |Nov snow days = 0.2 |Dec snow days = 1.5 |Jan sun = 69.8 |Feb sun = 108.8 |Mar sun = 178.4 |Apr sun = 207.3 |May sun = 253.7 |Jun sun = 268.4 |Jul sun = 312.0 |Aug sun = 281.4 |Sep sun = 221.7 |Oct sun = 142.6 |Nov sun = 72.7 |Dec sun = 52.9 |source 1= [[ອົງການບໍລິຫານມະຫາສະໝຸດ ແລະ ຊັ້ນບັນຍາກາດແຫ່ງຊາດ|NOAA]] (ຄ່າປົກກະຕິ ແລະ ຄ່າສຸດຂີດ)<ref>{{Cite web |title=NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data |url=https://www.weather.gov/wrh/Climate?wfo=sew |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=weather.gov |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Summary of Monthly Normals 1991-2020 |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00024233&format=pdf |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=NOAA |language=en}}</ref>, (ຄວາມຊຸ່ມ ແລະ ແສງແດດ 1961-1990)<ref>{{Cite web |title=SEATTLE/SEATTLE-TACOMA INTL A,WA |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/normals-old/WMO/1961-1990/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP4/72793.TXT |website=NOAA |access-date=2026-06-14}}</ref> }} == ເມືອງພີ່ນ້ອງ == ຊີແອດເຕິນມີເມືອງພີ່ນ້ອງດັ່ງຕໍ່ໄປນີ້:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.seattle.gov/oir/sister-cities/about-seattle-sister-cities |title=About Seattle's Sister Cities |publisher=Office of International Relations |location=Seattle }}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} *{{flagicon|Israel}} [[Beersheba|ເບຍເຊບາ]], ປະເທດອິນສະຣາແອນ *{{flagicon|Norway}} [[Bergen|ແບກເກັນ]], ປະເທດນອກແວ *{{flagicon|Philippines}} [[Cebu City|ເຊບູ ຊິຕີ]], ປະເທດຟີລິບປິນ *{{flagicon|China}} [[Chongqing|ຊົງຊິ່ງ]], ປະເທດຈີນ *{{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Christchurch|ຄຣິດສະເຊີດ]], ປະເທດນູແວນເຊລັງ *{{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Daejeon|ແດຈິອຸນ]], ປະເທດເກົາຫຼີໃຕ້ *{{flagicon|Ireland}} [[Galway|ການເວ]], ປະເທດອຽກລັງ *{{flagicon|Poland}} [[Gdynia|ກາດີເນຍ]], ປະເທດໂປໂລຍ *{{flagicon|Vietnam}} [[Haiphong|ຮາຍຟອງ]], ປະເທດຫວຽດນາມ *{{flagicon|Taiwan}} [[Kaohsiung|ເກົາຊຸງ]], ປະເທດໄຕ້ຫວັນ *{{flagicon|Japan}} [[Kobe|ໂກເບ]], ປະເທດຍີ່ປຸ່ນ *{{flagicon|Cameroon}} [[Limbe, Cameroon|ລິມເບ]], ປະເທດກາເມີຣູນ *{{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Mombasa|ມອມບາຊາ]], ປະເທດເຄັນຍາ *{{flagicon|France}} [[Nantes|ນັງ]], ປະເທດຝຣັ່ງ *{{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Pécs|ເປັກ]], ປະເທດຮົງກາລີ *{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Perugia|ເປຣູຈາ]], ປະເທດອິຕາລີ *{{flagicon|Iceland}} [[Reykjavík|ເຣກຍາວິກ]], ປະເທດອິດສະລັງ *{{flagicon|Cambodia}} [[Sihanoukville|ສີຫະນຸວິວ]], ປະເທດກຳປູເຈຍ *{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Surabaya|ຊູຣາບາຢາ]], ປະເທດອິນໂດເນເຊຍ *{{flagicon|Uzbekistan}} [[Tashkent|ທາສເຄນ]], ປະເທດອຸດສະເບກິດສະຖານ<ref>{{cite web |last=Long |first=Priscilla |title=Seattle-Tashkent Peace Park in Uzbekistan is dedicated in Tashkent and at Seattle Center on September 12, 1988. |website=HistoryLink.org |date=September 12, 1988 |url=https://historylink.org/File/3595 |access-date=July 22, 2022 }}</ref> {{div col end}} == ອ້າງອີງ == {{ລາຍການອ້າງອີງ}} == ແຫຼ່ງຂໍ້ມູນອື່ນ == {{sister project links |b=no |q=no |v=no|voy=Seattle}} * {{official website|http://www.seattle.gov/ |name=Official website of the City of Seattle}} * [http://www.historylink.org/ Historylink.org], history of Seattle and Washington * [http://content.lib.washington.edu/seattleweb/index.html Seattle Photographs from the University of Washington Digital Collections] * [http://cdm15015.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/landingpage/collection/p15015coll4 Seattle Historic Photograph Collection from the Seattle Public Library] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023064210/http://cdm15015.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/landingpage/collection/p15015coll4 |date=2013-10-23 }} * [http://depts.washington.edu/civilr/index.htm Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project] * [http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/seattle/ Seattle, a National Park Service ''Discover Our Shared Heritage'' Travel Itinerary] [[ໝວດ:ເມືອງໃນລັດວໍຊິງຕັນ]] == ອ້າງອີງ == <references /> {{Stub}} qkt7jn0qqnpirqfl6wo61j4ahwrylet 130118 130117 2026-08-21T06:20:32Z Khomphoi28 15846 /* */ 130118 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ຊີແອດເຕິນ | settlement_type = [[ລັດຖະບານນະຄອນໃນລັດວໍຊິງຕັນ|ນະຄອນ]] | image_skyline = {{multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 280 | image_style = border:1; | perrow = 1/2/2/2 | image1 = SeattleQueenAnne.png | image2 = SafecoFieldTop.jpg|275px|Safeco Field | image3 = Pike Place Market 1.jpg | image4 = SpaceNeedleTopClose.jpg | image5 = Seattle Great Wheel, Seattle, Washington, Estados Unidos, 2017-09-02, DD 16.jpg | image6 = University of Washington Quad, Spring 2007.jpg | image7 = Amazon Spheres 05.jpg }} | image_caption = ຈາກເທິງສຸດ ຊ້າຍໄປຂວາ: ພາບຖ່າຍທາງອາກາດຂອງເຂດໃຈກາງເມຶອງໂດຍມີ[[ພູເຣເນຍ]]ເປັນສາກຫຼັງ, [[ທີ-ໂມບາຍ ພາກ]], [[ໄພເພຼສມາເກັດ]], [[ສະເປດນິດເດີນ]], [[ຊິງຊ້າສະຫວັນຍັກຊີແອດເຕິນ]], ເດີ່ນກວ້າງໃຈກາງໃນ[[ມະຫາວິທະຍາໄລ ວໍຊິງຕັນ]] ແລະ [[ອາເມຊອນ ສະເຟຍ]]. | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_blank_emblem = | named_for = [[Chief Seattle|Chief Si'ahl]] | nickname = ນະຄອນມໍລະກົດ ນະຄອຍແຫ່ງເຮືອ ນະຄອນແຫ່ງສານຝົນ | motto = ນະຄອນແຫ່ງດອກໄມ້ ນະຄອນແຫ່ງຄວາມປາຖະໜາດີ | image_map = King County Washington Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Seattle Highlighted.svg | mapsize = 250x200px | map_caption = ທີ່ຕັ້ງໃນຄິງເຄົາຕີ | pushpin_map = USA | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_label = ຊີແອດເຕິນ | pushpin_map_caption = ທີ່ຕັ້ງໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ | pushpin_relief = 1 | coordinates = {{coord|47|36|35|N|122|19|59|W|region:US-WA|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = [[ລາຍຊື່ປະເທດ ດິນແດນ ແລະ ເມືອງຫຼວງ|ປະເທດ]] | subdivision_name = ສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ | subdivision_type1 = [[ລັດ (ສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ)|ລັດ]] | subdivision_name1 = [[ລັດວໍຊິງຕັນ|ວໍຊິງຕັນ]] | subdivision_type2 = [[ລາຍຊື່ເຄົາຕີໃນວໍຊິງຕັນ|ເຄົາຕີ]] | subdivision_name2 = ຄິງ | established_title1 = ສະຖາປະນາ | established_date1 = ຄ.ສ 1851 | established_title2 = ເລີ່ມປົກຄອງແບບເທສະບານ | established_date2 = 2 ທັນວາ ຄ.ສ 1869 | government_type = ສະພາ–ນາຍົກເທສະມົນຕີ | governing_body = [[ສະພານະຄອນຊີແອດເຕິນ]] | leader_title = [[ນາຍົກເທສະມົນຕີຊີແອດເຕິນ|ນາຍົກເທສະມົນຕີ]] | leader_name = [[ບຣູສ ຮາແຣລ]] ([[ພັກເດໂມແຄຣັດ (ສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ)|ເດໂມແຄຣັດ]]) | leader_title1 = ຮອງນາຍົກເທສະມົນຕີ | leader_name1 = ໄມເຄິນ ຟອງ ແລະ ເຊຟາລີ ແຣນການາທັນ | unit_pref = Imperial | area_magnitude = 1 E+9 | area_total_sq_mi = 142.07 | area_total_km2 = 367.97 | area_land_sq_mi = 83.99 | area_land_km2 = 217.54 | area_water_sq_mi = 58.08 | area_water_km2 = 150.43 | area_metro_sq_mi = 8,186 | area_metro_km2 = 21,202 | elevation_ft = 175 | elevation_m = 53 | elevation_max_ft = 520 | elevation_max_m = 158 | elevation_min_ft = 0 | elevation_min_m = 0 | population_as_of = 2020 | population_est = 737,015 {{gain}} | pop_est_as_of = 2025 | pop_est_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusEst2019">{{cite web |date=May 2020 |title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places in Washington: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2019 |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2010s-total-cities-and-towns.html |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=May 21, 2020}}</ref> | population_footnotes = <ref name="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web |title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=December 19, 2012}}</ref> | population_total = 608660 | population_rank = ອັນດັບທີ 18 ໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ | population_density_sq_mi = 8973.18 | population_urban = 3,059,393 (ອັນດັບທີ 14 ໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ) | population_metro = 3,979,845 (ອັນດັບທີ 15 ໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ) | population_blank1_title = [[Combined statistical area|CSA]] | population_blank1 = 4,903,675 (ອັນດັບທີ 14 ໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ) | population_demonym = Seattleite<ref name="The Seattle Times">{{cite web |last1=Balk |first1=Gene |title=When can you call yourself a Seattleite? |url=http://blogs.seattletimes.com/fyi-guy/2012/10/02/when-can-you-call-yourself-a-seattleite/ |website=The Seattle Times |access-date=October 19, 2018 |date=October 2, 2012}}</ref> or Seattlite<ref name="City of Seattle">{{cite web |last1=Wilson-Codega |first1=Lily |title=About Seattle Sister Cities – Sister Cities {{!}} seattle.gov |url=http://www.seattle.gov/oir/sister-cities/about-seattle-sister-cities |website=City of Seattle |access-date=October 19, 2018}}</ref> | timezone = [[ເຂດເວລາປາຊີຟິກ|PST]] | utc_offset = −8 | timezone_DST = [[ເຂດເວລາປາຊີຟິກ|PDT]] | utc_offset_DST = −7 | postal_code_type = [[ລະຫັດໄປສະນີ]] | postal_code = {{collapsible list |title = {{nobold|ລະຫັດໄປສະນີ}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupResultsAction!input.action?resultMode=1&address1=&address2=&city=Seattle&state=WA |publisher=USPS |title=Zip Code Lookup |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151112030118/http://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupResultsAction%21input.action?resultMode=1&address1=&address2=&city=Seattle&state=WA |archive-date=November 12, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupResultsAction!input.action?items=30&page=2&address1=&address2=&city=Seattle&state=WA |publisher=USPS |title=Zip Code Lookup |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151112030348/http://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupResultsAction%21input.action?items=30&page=2&address1=&address2=&city=Seattle&state=WA |archive-date=November 12, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> |list_style = text-align:center;display:none |98101–98119, 98121–98122, 98124–98127, 98129, 98131, 98133–98134, 98136, 98138–98139, 98141, 98144–98146, 98148, 98154–98155, 98158, 98160–98161, 98164–98166, 98168, 98170, 98174–98175, 98177–98178, 98181, 98185, 98188, 98190–98191, 98194–98195, 98198–98199}} | area_code = 206 | area_code_type = ລະຫັດພື້ນທີ່ | blank_name = ລະຫັດມາດຕະຖານໃນການແປຂໍ້ມູນສູ່ລັດຖະບານກາງ | blank_info = 53-63000 | blank1_name = ລະຫັດລະບົບສາລະສົນເທດພູມສາດ | blank1_info = 1512650<ref name="GR3">{{cite gnis|id=1512650|name=Seattle}}</ref> | website = {{official website|name=Seattle.gov}} | footnotes = | area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_53.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=August 7, 2020}}</ref> | population_density_km2 = 3464.55 | official_name = }} '''ຊີແອດເຕິນ''' ({{langx|en|Seattle|italic=no}}, {{IPAc-en|audio=GT Seattle AE.ogg|s|i|ˈ|æ|t|əl}} {{respell|see|AT|əl}}) ເປັນເມືອງທ່າບົນຊາຍຝັ່ງຕາເວັນຕົກຂອງ[[ສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ]] ຕັ້ງຢູ່ໃນຄິງເຄົາຕີ [[ລັດວໍຊິງຕັນ]] ຖືວ່າເປັນເມືອງທີ່ໃຫຍ່ທີ່ສຸດໃນລັດວໍຊິງຕັນ ແລະ ພາກພື້ນປາຊີຟິກຕາເວັນຕົກສຽງເໜືອຂອງ[[ອາເມຣິກາເໜືອ]] ການສຳມະໂນຄົວໃນປີ ຄ.ສ 2019 ເປີດເຜີຍວ່າ[[ເຂດມະຫານະຄອນຊີແອດເຕິນ]]ມີປະຊາກອນທັງໝົດ 4.02 ລ້ານຄົນ ນັບເປັນຄົນມະຫານະຄອນທີ່ມີປະຊາກອນຫຼາຍເປັນອັນດັບທີ 15 ຂອງສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/data/seattle-just-one-of-5-big-metros-last-year-that-had-more-people-move-here-than-leave-census-data-show/ |title=Seattle just one of 5 big metros last year that had more people move here than leave, census data show |last=Balk |first=Gene |date=March 26, 2018 |work=The Seattle Times |access-date=May 7, 2018}}</ref> ໃນເດືອນກໍລະກົດປີ ຄ.ສ 2013 ຊີແອດເຕິນເປັນເມືອງຫຼັກທີ່ມີການຂະຫຍາຍຕົວໄວທີ່ສຸດໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.seattletimes.com/fyi-guy/2014/05/22/census-seattle-is-the-fastest-growing-big-city-in-the-u-s/ |title=Census: Seattle is the fastest-growing big city in the U.S. |last=Balk |first=Gene |series=FYI Guy |work=The Seattle Times |date=May 22, 2014 |access-date=May 27, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180222184013/http://blogs.seattletimes.com/fyi-guy/2014/05/22/census-seattle-is-the-fastest-growing-big-city-in-the-u-s/ |archive-date=February 22, 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ແລະ ຍັງຄົງຢູ່ໃນຫ້າອັນດັບທຳອິດຈາກການຈັດອັນດັບໃນເດືອນພຶດສະພາປີ ຄ.ສ 2015 ດ້ວຍອັດຕາການຂະຫຍາຍຕົວຮ້ອຍລະ 2.1 ຕໍ່ປີ.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/data/seattle-no-longer-americas-fastest-growing-big-city/ |title=Seattle no longer America's fastest-growing big city |last=Balk |first=Gene |series=FYI Guy |work=The Seattle Times |date=May 21, 2015 |access-date=November 20, 2015}}</ref> ຊີແອດເຕິນຍັງຄົງເປັນເມືອງຫຼັກທີ່ມີການຂະຫຍາຍຕົວໄວທີ່ສຸດໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ ດ້ວຍອັດຕາການຂະຫຍາຍຕົວຮ້ອຍລະ 21.1 ລະຫວ່າງປີ ຄ.ສ 2010 ຫາ 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-12 |title=Seattle grew by more than 100,000 people in past 10 years, King County population booms, diversifies, new census data shows |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/seattle-grew-by-more-than-100000-people-in-past-10-years-kent-among-fastest-growing-cities-new-census-data-shows/ |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=The Seattle Times |language=en-US}}</ref> ຊິແອດເຕິນຕັ້ງຢູ່ເທິງ[[ຄໍຄອດ]]ລະຫວ່າງພິວເຈັດຊາວໃນມະຫາສະໝຸດປາຊີຟິກ ແລະ [[ທະເລສາບວໍຊິງຕັນ]] ເປັນນະຄອນໃຫຍ່ທີ່ຢູ່ທາງທິດເໜືອສຸດຂອງສະຫະລັດອາຣິກາ ຢູ່ຫ່າງຈາກຊາຍແດນການາດາໄປທາງທິດໃຕ້ປະມານ {{convert|100|mi}} ຊີແອດເຕິນນັບເປັນປະຕູການຄ້າຫຼັກສູ່ອາຊີ ໂດຍເປັນເມືອງທ່າທີ່ໃຫຍ່ເປັນອັນດັບທີ 4 ໃນອາເມຣິກາເໜືອໃນທາງຂອງການຮອງຮັບຕູ້ບັນຈຸສິນຄ້າໃນປີ ຄ.ສ 2015.<ref>{{cite web|title=Seaport Statistics|url=http://www.portseattle.org/About/Publications/Statistics/Seaport/Pages/default.aspx|publisher=Port of Seattle|access-date=January 28, 2016|archive-date=2021-05-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507071158/https://www.portseattle.org/About/Publications/Statistics/Seaport/Pages/default.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[ກຸ່ມຊົນພື້ນເມືອງອາເມຣິກາໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ|ກຸ່ມຊົນພື້ນເມືອງອາເມຣິກາ]]ເຂົ້າມາຕັ້ງຖິ່ນຖານໃນພື້ນທີ່ຂອງຊີແອດເຕິນເມື່ອ 4,000 ປີກ່ອນທີ່ຈະມີຜູ້ຕັ້ງຖິ່ນຖານຈາກເອີຣົບເຂົ້າມາ.<ref name=Discovery_Park>{{cite news|url=http://www.seattlepi.com/lifestyle/article/Feel-the-beat-of-history-in-the-park-and-concert-1251579.php|title=Feel the beat of history in the park and concert hall at two family-friendly events|work=Seattle Post-Intelligencer|date=October 4, 2007|author=Doree Armstrong|access-date=November 1, 2007}}</ref> ) ອາເທີ ເດັນນີ ພ້ອມດ້ວຍຄະນະເດີນທາງຂອງລາວ ຊຶ່ງຮູ້ຈັກກັນໃນຊື່ພັກພວກເດັນນີ ເດີນທາງດ້ວຍເຮືອໃບ ''ເອັກແຊັກ'' ຈາກ[[ລັດອີລິນອຍ]] ຜ່ານ[[ພອດແລນ]] ແລະ ມາຮອດອານໄຄພອຍເມື່ອວັນທີ 13 ພະຈິກ ປີ ຄ.ສ 1851<ref>{{cite web|author=Andrew Craig Magnuson|date=July 20, 2014|url=http://www.craigmagnuson.com/exact.htm|title=In Search of the Schooner Exact|publisher=Andrew Craig Magnuson|access-date=September 27, 2014}}</ref> ຕໍ່ມາໄດ້ມີການຍ້າຍນິຄົມໄປຍັງຊາຍຝັ່ງທິດຕາເວັນອອກຂອງອ່າວເອວລຽດ ແລະ ຕັ້ງຊື່ນິຄົມໃໝ່ນີ້ວ່າ "ຊີແອດເຕິນ" ໃນປີ ຄ.ສ 1852 ເພື່ອເປັນກຽດແກ່ທ່ານຊີແອດເຕິນຊຶ່ງເປັນຫົວໜ້າເຜົ່າດູວາມິດ ແລະ ຊູຄົວມິດ. ປັດຈຸບັນ ຊີແອດເຕິນມີປະຊາກອນເປັນຈຳນວນຫຼາຍທັງຊາວພື້ນເມືອງ, ຊາວສະກັງດີນາວີ, ຊາວອາຊີ ແລະ ຊາວອາຟຣິກາອາເມຣິກາ ນອກຈາກນີ້ຍັງມີ[[ກຸ່ມບຸກຄົນທີ່ມີຄວາມຫຼາກຫຼາຍທາງເພດ]] ຊຶ່ງມີຫຼາຍເປັນອັນດັບທີ 6 ຂອງປະເທດ.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/data/data-show-seattle-metros-lgbt-population-at-173000/|title=Survey ranks Seattle area 5th for LGBT population – so many people is that?|publisher=The Seattle Times|author=Gene Balk|date=March 20, 2015}}</ref> [[ການເຮັດໄມ້]]ເຄີຍເປັນອຸດສາຫະກຳຫຼັກລຳດັບທຳອິດ ຂອງເມືອງ ແຕ່ໃນໄລຍະປາຍສະຕະວັດທີ 19 ເມືອງກາຍເປັນສູນກາງການຄ້າ ແລະ ການຕໍ່ເຮືອ ແລະ ເປັນປະຕູສູ່[[ລັດອາລາສະກາ|ອາລາສະກາ]]ໃນໄລຍະຍຸກການຕື່ນຄຳຄລອນໄດ. ຊີແອດເຕິນມີການຂະຫຍາຍຕົວອີກຄັ້ງຫຼັງ[[ສົງຄາມໂລກຄັ້ງທີສອງ]]ໂດຍມີການສ່ວນຈາກການທີ່ບໍລິສັດ [[ໂບອິງ]]ໃຊ້ເມືອງນີ້ເປັນສູນກາງໃນການສ້າງເຄື່ອງບິນ ຕໍ່ມາຊີແອດເຕິນພັດທະນາເປັນສູນກາງທາງເຕັກໂນໂລຊີຕັ້ງແຕ່ທົດສະວັດປີ 1980 ໂດຍມີການກໍ່ຕັ້ງບໍລິສັດ[[ໄມໂຄຣຊອບ]]ໃນພື້ນທີ່ນີ້ [[ບິລ ເກດສ໌]]ຊຶ່ງເປັນຜູ້ກໍ່ຕັ້ງໄມໂຄຣຊອບ ເປັນຊາວຊີແອດເຕິນໂດຍກຳເນີດ ບໍລິສັດຄ້າຍ່ອຍທາງອິນເຕີເນັດ [[ອາເມຊອນ (ບໍລິສັດ)|ອາເມຊອນ]]ກໍ່ຕັ້ງທີ່ຊີແອດເຕິນໃນປີ ຄ.ສ 1994 ແລະ ສາຍການບິນຫຼັກຢ່າງ[[ອາລາສະກາແອລາຍ]] ໃຫ້ບໍລິການທີ່[[ສະໜາມບິນສາກົນຊີແອດເຕິນ–ທາໂຄມາ]]ຊຶ່ງເປັນສະໜາມບິນຫຼັກຂອງເມືອງ ການສະຕຣີມຂອງລະບົບຊອບແວໃໝ່ [[ນາໂນເຕັກໂນໂລຊີ]] ແລະ ບໍລິສັດອິນເຕີເນັດ ມີສ່ວນຊ່ວຍໃຫ້ເກີດການຟື້ນຕົວທາງເສດຖະກິດ ຊຶ່ງເຮັດໃຫ້ປະຊາກອນຂອງເມືອງເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນເກືອບ 50,000 ຄົນໃນໄລຍະລະຫວ່າງປີ 1990 ຫາ 2000. ຊີແອດເຕິນມີປະຫວັດສາດທາງດົນຕີທີ່ໂດດເດັ່ນ ໂດຍໃນໄລຍະປີ ຄ.ສ 1918 ຫາ 1951 ມີວົງ[[ແຈສ]]ທີ່ຫຼິ້ນດົນຕີກາງຄືນໃນຖະໜົນແຈັກສັນ ຕັ້ງແຕ່ເຂດໄຊນາທາວ/ນານາຊາດໄປຈົນຮອດເຂດເຊັນທຣັນ. ການຫຼິ້ນດົນຕີແຈສເຮັດໃຫ້ຫຼາຍຄົນມີເສັ້ນທາງອາຊີບທີ່ດີຂຶ້ນ ບໍ່ວ່າຈະເປັນ ເຣ ຊານສ໌, ຄວິນຊີ ໂຈນສ໌ ແລະ ເອີເນດສະຕາຍ ແອນເດີສັນ. ຊີແອດເຕິນຍັງເປັນບ້ານເກີດຂອງນັກດົນຕີຣັອກ [[ຈິມິ ເຮັນດຣິກຊ໌]] ແລະ ເປັນຖິ່ນກຳເນີດຂອງວົງ[[ເນີວານາ]], [[ເພີນແຈມ]], [[ຊາວກາເດັນ]], [[ອະລິດຊ໌ອິນເຊນສ໌]], [[ຟູໄຟເຕີສ໌]] ແລະ ດົນຕີແນວ[[ກຣັນ]].<ref name=Seattle_Sound>{{cite book|last=Heylin|first=Clinton|title=Babylon's Burning: From Punk to Grunge|publisher=Conongate|year=2007|isbn=978-1-84195-879-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/babylonsburningf0000heyl/page/606 606]|url=https://archive.org/details/babylonsburningf0000heyl/page/606}}</ref> == ພູມອາກາດ == ຊີແອດເຕິນມີລັກສະນະ[[ພູມອາກາດແບບເມດີແຕຣາເນ]] ຕາມ[[ການແບ່ງເຂດພູມອາກາດແບບເຄີບເປີນ]] ແຕ່ໃນການແບ່ງເຂດພູມອາກາດແບບອື່ນໆ (ເຊັ່ນ Trewartha) ອາດຖືກຈັດໃຫ້ມີລັກສະນະ[[ພູມອາກາດແບບອົບອຸ່ນຊຸ່ມພາກພື້ນສະໝຸດ]]. ລະດູຮ້ອນມີອາກາດອົບອຸ່ນ ຂ້ອນຂ້າງແຫ້ງ ແລະ ທ້ອງຟ້າແຈ່ມໃສເປັນສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ ອຸນຫະພູມສະເລ່ຍລະຫວ່າງ 14-25 ອົງສາເຊນຊຽດໃນເດືອນກໍລະກົດ ແລະ ເດືອນສິງຫາ ຂະນະທີ່ລະດູໜາວມີອາກາດເຢັນ, ຝົນຕົກຫຼາຍ ແລະ ທ້ອງຟ້າຄື້ມເປັນສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ ອຸນຫະພູມສະເລ່ຍລະຫວ່າງ 3-8 ອົງສາເຊນຊຽດໃນເດືອນທັນວາ. ຊີແອດເຕິນເປັນໜຶ່ງໃນເມືອງທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບຜົນກະທົບຈາກຄື້ນຄວາມຮ້ອນທີ່ປົກຄຸມຝັ່ງຕາເວັນຕົກຂອງທະວີບອາເມຣິກາເໜືອປີ ຄ.ສ 2021 ຊຶ່ງເປັນຜົນມາຈາກປາກົດການ[[ໂດມຄວາມຮ້ອນ]] ໂດຍອຸນຫະພູມສູງສຸດຕະຫຼອດການວັດໄດ້ 108 ອົງສາຟາເຣັນຮາຍ (42.2 ອົງສາເຊນຊຽດ) ເມື່ອວັນທີ 28 ມິຖຸນາ ຄ.ສ 2021<ref>{{Cite web |title=Astounding heat obliterates all-time records across the Pacific Northwest and Western Canada in June 2021 |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/event-tracker/astounding-heat-obliterates-all-time-records-across-pacific-northwest |access-date=2026-07-12 |website=climate.gov |language=en}}</ref> ແມ່ນວ່າຊີແອດເຕິນຈະມີຝົນຕົກຫຼາຍກວ່າຫຼາຍເມືອງໃຫຍ່ໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ ຊຶ່ງຢູ່ທີ 156 ມື້ຕໍ່ປີ ແຕ່ປະລິມານຢາກນໍ້າຟ້າລວມທັງປີກໍຍັງໜ້ອຍກວ່າຫຼາຍເມືອງທາງຝັ່ງຕາເວັນອອກຂອງສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ ຊຶ່ງຢູ່ທີ 1,000 ມິນລີແມັດ ຂະນະທີ່[[ຫິມະ]]ໃນຊີແອດເຕີລພົບໄດ້ບໍ່ຫຼາຍ ແລະ ມີແສງແດດລວມທັງປີປະມານ 2,100 ຊົ່ວໂມງ. {{Weather box |location = ຊີແອດເຕິນ (ສະໜາມບິນສາກົນຊີແອດເຕິນ-ທາໂຄມາ) (ຄ່າປົກກະຕິ 1991-2020; ຄ່າສຸດຂີດ 1945-ປັດຈຸບັນ) |single line = Yes |Jan record high F = 64 |Feb record high F = 70 |Mar record high F = 79 |Apr record high F = 89 |May record high F = 93 |Jun record high F = 108 |Jul record high F = 103 |Aug record high F = 99 |Sep record high F = 98 |Oct record high F = 89 |Nov record high F = 74 |Dec record high F = 66 |Jan high F = 48.0 |Feb high F = 50.3 |Mar high F = 54.2 |Apr high F = 59.3 |May high F = 66.3 |Jun high F = 71.1 |Jul high F = 77.4 |Aug high F = 77.6 |Sep high F = 71.6 |Oct high F = 60.5 |Nov high F = 52.1 |Dec high F = 47.0 |Jan mean F = 42.8 |Feb mean F = 44.0 |Mar mean F = 47.1 |Apr mean F = 51.3 |May mean F = 57.5 |Jun mean F = 62.0 |Jul mean F = 67.1 |Aug mean F = 67.4 |Sep mean F = 62.6 |Oct mean F = 53.8 |Nov mean F = 46.5 |Dec mean F = 42.0 |Jan low F = 37.7 |Feb low F = 37.7 |Mar low F = 39.9 |Apr low F = 43.3 |May low F = 48.7 |Jun low F = 53.0 |Jul low F = 56.8 |Aug low F = 57.2 |Sep low F = 53.6 |Oct low F = 47.0 |Nov low F = 40.9 |Dec low F = 37.1 |Jan record low F = 0 |Feb record low F = 1 |Mar record low F = 11 |Apr record low F = 29 |May record low F = 28 |Jun record low F = 38 |Jul record low F = 43 |Aug record low F = 44 |Sep record low F = 35 |Oct record low F = 28 |Nov record low F = 6 |Dec record low F = 6 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation inch = 5.78 |Feb precipitation inch = 3.76 |Mar precipitation inch = 4.17 |Apr precipitation inch = 3.18 |May precipitation inch = 1.88 |Jun precipitation inch = 1.45 |Jul precipitation inch = 0.60 |Aug precipitation inch = 0.97 |Sep precipitation inch = 1.61 |Oct precipitation inch = 3.91 |Nov precipitation inch = 6.31 |Dec precipitation inch = 5.72 |Jan humidity = 78.0 |Feb humidity = 75.2 |Mar humidity = 73.6 |Apr humidity = 71.4 |May humidity = 68.9 |Jun humidity = 67.1 |Jul humidity = 65.4 |Aug humidity = 68.2 |Sep humidity = 73.2 |Oct humidity = 78.6 |Nov humidity = 79.8 |Dec humidity = 80.1 |unit precipitation days = 0.01 ນິ້ວ |Jan precipitation days = 18.7 |Feb precipitation days = 15.9 |Mar precipitation days = 17.1 |Apr precipitation days = 15.0 |May precipitation days = 11.3 |Jun precipitation days = 9.2 |Jul precipitation days = 4.7 |Aug precipitation days = 4.9 |Sep precipitation days = 8.3 |Oct precipitation days = 14.3 |Nov precipitation days = 18.4 |Dec precipitation days = 18.4 |Jan snow inch = 1.8 |Feb snow inch = 2.2 |Mar snow inch = 0.4 |Apr snow inch = 0.0 |May snow inch = 0.0 |Jun snow inch = 0.0 |Jul snow inch = 0.0 |Aug snow inch = 0.0 |Sep snow inch = 0.0 |Oct snow inch = 0.0 |Nov snow inch = 0.2 |Dec snow inch = 1.7 |unit snow days = 0.1 ນິ້ວ |Jan snow days = 1.4 |Feb snow days = 1.2 |Mar snow days = 0.4 |Apr snow days = 0.0 |May snow days = 0.0 |Jun snow days = 0.0 |Jul snow days = 0.0 |Aug snow days = 0.0 |Sep snow days = 0.0 |Oct snow days = 0.0 |Nov snow days = 0.2 |Dec snow days = 1.5 |Jan sun = 69.8 |Feb sun = 108.8 |Mar sun = 178.4 |Apr sun = 207.3 |May sun = 253.7 |Jun sun = 268.4 |Jul sun = 312.0 |Aug sun = 281.4 |Sep sun = 221.7 |Oct sun = 142.6 |Nov sun = 72.7 |Dec sun = 52.9 |source 1= [[ອົງການບໍລິຫານມະຫາສະໝຸດ ແລະ ຊັ້ນບັນຍາກາດແຫ່ງຊາດ|NOAA]] (ຄ່າປົກກະຕິ ແລະ ຄ່າສຸດຂີດ)<ref>{{Cite web |title=NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data |url=https://www.weather.gov/wrh/Climate?wfo=sew |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=weather.gov |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Summary of Monthly Normals 1991-2020 |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00024233&format=pdf |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=NOAA |language=en}}</ref>, (ຄວາມຊຸ່ມ ແລະ ແສງແດດ 1961-1990)<ref>{{Cite web |title=SEATTLE/SEATTLE-TACOMA INTL A,WA |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/normals-old/WMO/1961-1990/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP4/72793.TXT |website=NOAA |access-date=2026-06-14}}</ref> }} == ເມືອງພີ່ນ້ອງ == ຊີແອດເຕິນມີເມືອງພີ່ນ້ອງດັ່ງຕໍ່ໄປນີ້:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.seattle.gov/oir/sister-cities/about-seattle-sister-cities |title=About Seattle's Sister Cities |publisher=Office of International Relations |location=Seattle }}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} *{{flagicon|Israel}} [[Beersheba|ເບຍເຊບາ]], ປະເທດອິນສະຣາແອນ *{{flagicon|Norway}} [[Bergen|ແບກເກັນ]], ປະເທດນອກແວ *{{flagicon|Philippines}} [[Cebu City|ເຊບູ ຊິຕີ]], ປະເທດຟີລິບປິນ *{{flagicon|China}} [[Chongqing|ຊົງຊິ່ງ]], ປະເທດຈີນ *{{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Christchurch|ຄຣິດສະເຊີດ]], ປະເທດນູແວນເຊລັງ *{{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Daejeon|ແດຈິອຸນ]], ປະເທດເກົາຫຼີໃຕ້ *{{flagicon|Ireland}} [[Galway|ການເວ]], ປະເທດອຽກລັງ *{{flagicon|Poland}} [[Gdynia|ກາດີເນຍ]], ປະເທດໂປໂລຍ *{{flagicon|Vietnam}} [[Haiphong|ຮາຍຟອງ]], ປະເທດຫວຽດນາມ *{{flagicon|Taiwan}} [[Kaohsiung|ເກົາຊຸງ]], ປະເທດໄຕ້ຫວັນ *{{flagicon|Japan}} [[Kobe|ໂກເບ]], ປະເທດຍີ່ປຸ່ນ *{{flagicon|Cameroon}} [[Limbe, Cameroon|ລິມເບ]], ປະເທດກາເມີຣູນ *{{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Mombasa|ມອມບາຊາ]], ປະເທດເຄັນຍາ *{{flagicon|France}} [[Nantes|ນັງ]], ປະເທດຝຣັ່ງ *{{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Pécs|ເປັກ]], ປະເທດຮົງກາລີ *{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Perugia|ເປຣູຈາ]], ປະເທດອິຕາລີ *{{flagicon|Iceland}} [[Reykjavík|ເຣກຍາວິກ]], ປະເທດອິດສະລັງ *{{flagicon|Cambodia}} [[Sihanoukville|ສີຫະນຸວິວ]], ປະເທດກຳປູເຈຍ *{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Surabaya|ຊູຣາບາຢາ]], ປະເທດອິນໂດເນເຊຍ *{{flagicon|Uzbekistan}} [[Tashkent|ທາສເຄນ]], ປະເທດອຸດສະເບກິດສະຖານ<ref>{{cite web |last=Long |first=Priscilla |title=Seattle-Tashkent Peace Park in Uzbekistan is dedicated in Tashkent and at Seattle Center on September 12, 1988. |website=HistoryLink.org |date=September 12, 1988 |url=https://historylink.org/File/3595 |access-date=July 22, 2022 }}</ref> {{div col end}} == ອ້າງອີງ == {{ລາຍການອ້າງອີງ}} == ແຫຼ່ງຂໍ້ມູນອື່ນ == {{sister project links |b=no |q=no |v=no|voy=Seattle}} * {{official website|http://www.seattle.gov/ |name=Official website of the City of Seattle}} * [http://www.historylink.org/ Historylink.org], history of Seattle and Washington * [http://content.lib.washington.edu/seattleweb/index.html Seattle Photographs from the University of Washington Digital Collections] * [http://cdm15015.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/landingpage/collection/p15015coll4 Seattle Historic Photograph Collection from the Seattle Public Library] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023064210/http://cdm15015.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/landingpage/collection/p15015coll4 |date=2013-10-23 }} * [http://depts.washington.edu/civilr/index.htm Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project] * [http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/seattle/ Seattle, a National Park Service ''Discover Our Shared Heritage'' Travel Itinerary] [[ໝວດ:ເມືອງໃນລັດວໍຊິງຕັນ]] == ອ້າງອີງ == <references /> {{Stub}} cy9glb241erhq73e53jyafzzetgqvld 130119 130118 2026-08-21T06:20:58Z Khomphoi28 15846 /* */ 130119 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ຊີແອດເຕິນ | settlement_type = [[ລັດຖະບານນະຄອນໃນລັດວໍຊິງຕັນ|ນະຄອນ]] | image_skyline = {{multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 280 | image_style = border:1; | perrow = 1/2/2/2 | image1 = SeattleQueenAnne.png | image2 = SafecoFieldTop.jpg|275px|Safeco Field | image3 = Pike Place Market 1.jpg | image4 = SpaceNeedleTopClose.jpg | image5 = Seattle Great Wheel, Seattle, Washington, Estados Unidos, 2017-09-02, DD 16.jpg | image6 = University of Washington Quad, Spring 2007.jpg | image7 = Amazon Spheres 05.jpg }} | image_caption = ຈາກເທິງສຸດ ຊ້າຍໄປຂວາ: ພາບຖ່າຍທາງອາກາດຂອງເຂດໃຈກາງເມຶອງໂດຍມີ[[ພູເຣເນຍ]]ເປັນສາກຫຼັງ, [[ທີ-ໂມບາຍ ພາກ]], [[ໄພເພຼສມາເກັດ]], [[ສະເປດນິດເດີນ]], [[ຊິງຊ້າສະຫວັນຍັກຊີແອດເຕິນ]], ເດີ່ນກວ້າງໃຈກາງໃນ[[ມະຫາວິທະຍາໄລ ວໍຊິງຕັນ]] ແລະ [[ອາເມຊອນ ສະເຟຍ]]. | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_blank_emblem = | named_for = [[Chief Seattle|Chief Si'ahl]] | nickname = ນະຄອນມໍລະກົດ, ນະຄອຍແຫ່ງເຮືອ, ນະຄອນແຫ່ງສາຍຝົນ | motto = ນະຄອນແຫ່ງດອກໄມ້ ນະຄອນແຫ່ງຄວາມປາຖະໜາດີ | image_map = King County Washington Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Seattle Highlighted.svg | mapsize = 250x200px | map_caption = ທີ່ຕັ້ງໃນຄິງເຄົາຕີ | pushpin_map = USA | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_label = ຊີແອດເຕິນ | pushpin_map_caption = ທີ່ຕັ້ງໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ | pushpin_relief = 1 | coordinates = {{coord|47|36|35|N|122|19|59|W|region:US-WA|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = [[ລາຍຊື່ປະເທດ ດິນແດນ ແລະ ເມືອງຫຼວງ|ປະເທດ]] | subdivision_name = ສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ | subdivision_type1 = [[ລັດ (ສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ)|ລັດ]] | subdivision_name1 = [[ລັດວໍຊິງຕັນ|ວໍຊິງຕັນ]] | subdivision_type2 = [[ລາຍຊື່ເຄົາຕີໃນວໍຊິງຕັນ|ເຄົາຕີ]] | subdivision_name2 = ຄິງ | established_title1 = ສະຖາປະນາ | established_date1 = ຄ.ສ 1851 | established_title2 = ເລີ່ມປົກຄອງແບບເທສະບານ | established_date2 = 2 ທັນວາ ຄ.ສ 1869 | government_type = ສະພາ–ນາຍົກເທສະມົນຕີ | governing_body = [[ສະພານະຄອນຊີແອດເຕິນ]] | leader_title = [[ນາຍົກເທສະມົນຕີຊີແອດເຕິນ|ນາຍົກເທສະມົນຕີ]] | leader_name = [[ບຣູສ ຮາແຣລ]] ([[ພັກເດໂມແຄຣັດ (ສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ)|ເດໂມແຄຣັດ]]) | leader_title1 = ຮອງນາຍົກເທສະມົນຕີ | leader_name1 = ໄມເຄິນ ຟອງ ແລະ ເຊຟາລີ ແຣນການາທັນ | unit_pref = Imperial | area_magnitude = 1 E+9 | area_total_sq_mi = 142.07 | area_total_km2 = 367.97 | area_land_sq_mi = 83.99 | area_land_km2 = 217.54 | area_water_sq_mi = 58.08 | area_water_km2 = 150.43 | area_metro_sq_mi = 8,186 | area_metro_km2 = 21,202 | elevation_ft = 175 | elevation_m = 53 | elevation_max_ft = 520 | elevation_max_m = 158 | elevation_min_ft = 0 | elevation_min_m = 0 | population_as_of = 2020 | population_est = 737,015 {{gain}} | pop_est_as_of = 2025 | pop_est_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusEst2019">{{cite web |date=May 2020 |title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places in Washington: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2019 |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2010s-total-cities-and-towns.html |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=May 21, 2020}}</ref> | population_footnotes = <ref name="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web |title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=December 19, 2012}}</ref> | population_total = 608660 | population_rank = ອັນດັບທີ 18 ໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ | population_density_sq_mi = 8973.18 | population_urban = 3,059,393 (ອັນດັບທີ 14 ໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ) | population_metro = 3,979,845 (ອັນດັບທີ 15 ໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ) | population_blank1_title = [[Combined statistical area|CSA]] | population_blank1 = 4,903,675 (ອັນດັບທີ 14 ໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ) | population_demonym = Seattleite<ref name="The Seattle Times">{{cite web |last1=Balk |first1=Gene |title=When can you call yourself a Seattleite? |url=http://blogs.seattletimes.com/fyi-guy/2012/10/02/when-can-you-call-yourself-a-seattleite/ |website=The Seattle Times |access-date=October 19, 2018 |date=October 2, 2012}}</ref> or Seattlite<ref name="City of Seattle">{{cite web |last1=Wilson-Codega |first1=Lily |title=About Seattle Sister Cities – Sister Cities {{!}} seattle.gov |url=http://www.seattle.gov/oir/sister-cities/about-seattle-sister-cities |website=City of Seattle |access-date=October 19, 2018}}</ref> | timezone = [[ເຂດເວລາປາຊີຟິກ|PST]] | utc_offset = −8 | timezone_DST = [[ເຂດເວລາປາຊີຟິກ|PDT]] | utc_offset_DST = −7 | postal_code_type = [[ລະຫັດໄປສະນີ]] | postal_code = {{collapsible list |title = {{nobold|ລະຫັດໄປສະນີ}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupResultsAction!input.action?resultMode=1&address1=&address2=&city=Seattle&state=WA |publisher=USPS |title=Zip Code Lookup |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151112030118/http://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupResultsAction%21input.action?resultMode=1&address1=&address2=&city=Seattle&state=WA |archive-date=November 12, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupResultsAction!input.action?items=30&page=2&address1=&address2=&city=Seattle&state=WA |publisher=USPS |title=Zip Code Lookup |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151112030348/http://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupResultsAction%21input.action?items=30&page=2&address1=&address2=&city=Seattle&state=WA |archive-date=November 12, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> |list_style = text-align:center;display:none |98101–98119, 98121–98122, 98124–98127, 98129, 98131, 98133–98134, 98136, 98138–98139, 98141, 98144–98146, 98148, 98154–98155, 98158, 98160–98161, 98164–98166, 98168, 98170, 98174–98175, 98177–98178, 98181, 98185, 98188, 98190–98191, 98194–98195, 98198–98199}} | area_code = 206 | area_code_type = ລະຫັດພື້ນທີ່ | blank_name = ລະຫັດມາດຕະຖານໃນການແປຂໍ້ມູນສູ່ລັດຖະບານກາງ | blank_info = 53-63000 | blank1_name = ລະຫັດລະບົບສາລະສົນເທດພູມສາດ | blank1_info = 1512650<ref name="GR3">{{cite gnis|id=1512650|name=Seattle}}</ref> | website = {{official website|name=Seattle.gov}} | footnotes = | area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_53.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=August 7, 2020}}</ref> | population_density_km2 = 3464.55 | official_name = }} '''ຊີແອດເຕິນ''' ({{langx|en|Seattle|italic=no}}, {{IPAc-en|audio=GT Seattle AE.ogg|s|i|ˈ|æ|t|əl}} {{respell|see|AT|əl}}) ເປັນເມືອງທ່າບົນຊາຍຝັ່ງຕາເວັນຕົກຂອງ[[ສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ]] ຕັ້ງຢູ່ໃນຄິງເຄົາຕີ [[ລັດວໍຊິງຕັນ]] ຖືວ່າເປັນເມືອງທີ່ໃຫຍ່ທີ່ສຸດໃນລັດວໍຊິງຕັນ ແລະ ພາກພື້ນປາຊີຟິກຕາເວັນຕົກສຽງເໜືອຂອງ[[ອາເມຣິກາເໜືອ]] ການສຳມະໂນຄົວໃນປີ ຄ.ສ 2019 ເປີດເຜີຍວ່າ[[ເຂດມະຫານະຄອນຊີແອດເຕິນ]]ມີປະຊາກອນທັງໝົດ 4.02 ລ້ານຄົນ ນັບເປັນຄົນມະຫານະຄອນທີ່ມີປະຊາກອນຫຼາຍເປັນອັນດັບທີ 15 ຂອງສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/data/seattle-just-one-of-5-big-metros-last-year-that-had-more-people-move-here-than-leave-census-data-show/ |title=Seattle just one of 5 big metros last year that had more people move here than leave, census data show |last=Balk |first=Gene |date=March 26, 2018 |work=The Seattle Times |access-date=May 7, 2018}}</ref> ໃນເດືອນກໍລະກົດປີ ຄ.ສ 2013 ຊີແອດເຕິນເປັນເມືອງຫຼັກທີ່ມີການຂະຫຍາຍຕົວໄວທີ່ສຸດໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.seattletimes.com/fyi-guy/2014/05/22/census-seattle-is-the-fastest-growing-big-city-in-the-u-s/ |title=Census: Seattle is the fastest-growing big city in the U.S. |last=Balk |first=Gene |series=FYI Guy |work=The Seattle Times |date=May 22, 2014 |access-date=May 27, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180222184013/http://blogs.seattletimes.com/fyi-guy/2014/05/22/census-seattle-is-the-fastest-growing-big-city-in-the-u-s/ |archive-date=February 22, 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ແລະ ຍັງຄົງຢູ່ໃນຫ້າອັນດັບທຳອິດຈາກການຈັດອັນດັບໃນເດືອນພຶດສະພາປີ ຄ.ສ 2015 ດ້ວຍອັດຕາການຂະຫຍາຍຕົວຮ້ອຍລະ 2.1 ຕໍ່ປີ.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/data/seattle-no-longer-americas-fastest-growing-big-city/ |title=Seattle no longer America's fastest-growing big city |last=Balk |first=Gene |series=FYI Guy |work=The Seattle Times |date=May 21, 2015 |access-date=November 20, 2015}}</ref> ຊີແອດເຕິນຍັງຄົງເປັນເມືອງຫຼັກທີ່ມີການຂະຫຍາຍຕົວໄວທີ່ສຸດໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ ດ້ວຍອັດຕາການຂະຫຍາຍຕົວຮ້ອຍລະ 21.1 ລະຫວ່າງປີ ຄ.ສ 2010 ຫາ 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-12 |title=Seattle grew by more than 100,000 people in past 10 years, King County population booms, diversifies, new census data shows |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/seattle-grew-by-more-than-100000-people-in-past-10-years-kent-among-fastest-growing-cities-new-census-data-shows/ |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=The Seattle Times |language=en-US}}</ref> ຊິແອດເຕິນຕັ້ງຢູ່ເທິງ[[ຄໍຄອດ]]ລະຫວ່າງພິວເຈັດຊາວໃນມະຫາສະໝຸດປາຊີຟິກ ແລະ [[ທະເລສາບວໍຊິງຕັນ]] ເປັນນະຄອນໃຫຍ່ທີ່ຢູ່ທາງທິດເໜືອສຸດຂອງສະຫະລັດອາຣິກາ ຢູ່ຫ່າງຈາກຊາຍແດນການາດາໄປທາງທິດໃຕ້ປະມານ {{convert|100|mi}} ຊີແອດເຕິນນັບເປັນປະຕູການຄ້າຫຼັກສູ່ອາຊີ ໂດຍເປັນເມືອງທ່າທີ່ໃຫຍ່ເປັນອັນດັບທີ 4 ໃນອາເມຣິກາເໜືອໃນທາງຂອງການຮອງຮັບຕູ້ບັນຈຸສິນຄ້າໃນປີ ຄ.ສ 2015.<ref>{{cite web|title=Seaport Statistics|url=http://www.portseattle.org/About/Publications/Statistics/Seaport/Pages/default.aspx|publisher=Port of Seattle|access-date=January 28, 2016|archive-date=2021-05-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507071158/https://www.portseattle.org/About/Publications/Statistics/Seaport/Pages/default.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[ກຸ່ມຊົນພື້ນເມືອງອາເມຣິກາໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ|ກຸ່ມຊົນພື້ນເມືອງອາເມຣິກາ]]ເຂົ້າມາຕັ້ງຖິ່ນຖານໃນພື້ນທີ່ຂອງຊີແອດເຕິນເມື່ອ 4,000 ປີກ່ອນທີ່ຈະມີຜູ້ຕັ້ງຖິ່ນຖານຈາກເອີຣົບເຂົ້າມາ.<ref name=Discovery_Park>{{cite news|url=http://www.seattlepi.com/lifestyle/article/Feel-the-beat-of-history-in-the-park-and-concert-1251579.php|title=Feel the beat of history in the park and concert hall at two family-friendly events|work=Seattle Post-Intelligencer|date=October 4, 2007|author=Doree Armstrong|access-date=November 1, 2007}}</ref> ) ອາເທີ ເດັນນີ ພ້ອມດ້ວຍຄະນະເດີນທາງຂອງລາວ ຊຶ່ງຮູ້ຈັກກັນໃນຊື່ພັກພວກເດັນນີ ເດີນທາງດ້ວຍເຮືອໃບ ''ເອັກແຊັກ'' ຈາກ[[ລັດອີລິນອຍ]] ຜ່ານ[[ພອດແລນ]] ແລະ ມາຮອດອານໄຄພອຍເມື່ອວັນທີ 13 ພະຈິກ ປີ ຄ.ສ 1851<ref>{{cite web|author=Andrew Craig Magnuson|date=July 20, 2014|url=http://www.craigmagnuson.com/exact.htm|title=In Search of the Schooner Exact|publisher=Andrew Craig Magnuson|access-date=September 27, 2014}}</ref> ຕໍ່ມາໄດ້ມີການຍ້າຍນິຄົມໄປຍັງຊາຍຝັ່ງທິດຕາເວັນອອກຂອງອ່າວເອວລຽດ ແລະ ຕັ້ງຊື່ນິຄົມໃໝ່ນີ້ວ່າ "ຊີແອດເຕິນ" ໃນປີ ຄ.ສ 1852 ເພື່ອເປັນກຽດແກ່ທ່ານຊີແອດເຕິນຊຶ່ງເປັນຫົວໜ້າເຜົ່າດູວາມິດ ແລະ ຊູຄົວມິດ. ປັດຈຸບັນ ຊີແອດເຕິນມີປະຊາກອນເປັນຈຳນວນຫຼາຍທັງຊາວພື້ນເມືອງ, ຊາວສະກັງດີນາວີ, ຊາວອາຊີ ແລະ ຊາວອາຟຣິກາອາເມຣິກາ ນອກຈາກນີ້ຍັງມີ[[ກຸ່ມບຸກຄົນທີ່ມີຄວາມຫຼາກຫຼາຍທາງເພດ]] ຊຶ່ງມີຫຼາຍເປັນອັນດັບທີ 6 ຂອງປະເທດ.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/data/data-show-seattle-metros-lgbt-population-at-173000/|title=Survey ranks Seattle area 5th for LGBT population – so many people is that?|publisher=The Seattle Times|author=Gene Balk|date=March 20, 2015}}</ref> [[ການເຮັດໄມ້]]ເຄີຍເປັນອຸດສາຫະກຳຫຼັກລຳດັບທຳອິດ ຂອງເມືອງ ແຕ່ໃນໄລຍະປາຍສະຕະວັດທີ 19 ເມືອງກາຍເປັນສູນກາງການຄ້າ ແລະ ການຕໍ່ເຮືອ ແລະ ເປັນປະຕູສູ່[[ລັດອາລາສະກາ|ອາລາສະກາ]]ໃນໄລຍະຍຸກການຕື່ນຄຳຄລອນໄດ. ຊີແອດເຕິນມີການຂະຫຍາຍຕົວອີກຄັ້ງຫຼັງ[[ສົງຄາມໂລກຄັ້ງທີສອງ]]ໂດຍມີການສ່ວນຈາກການທີ່ບໍລິສັດ [[ໂບອິງ]]ໃຊ້ເມືອງນີ້ເປັນສູນກາງໃນການສ້າງເຄື່ອງບິນ ຕໍ່ມາຊີແອດເຕິນພັດທະນາເປັນສູນກາງທາງເຕັກໂນໂລຊີຕັ້ງແຕ່ທົດສະວັດປີ 1980 ໂດຍມີການກໍ່ຕັ້ງບໍລິສັດ[[ໄມໂຄຣຊອບ]]ໃນພື້ນທີ່ນີ້ [[ບິລ ເກດສ໌]]ຊຶ່ງເປັນຜູ້ກໍ່ຕັ້ງໄມໂຄຣຊອບ ເປັນຊາວຊີແອດເຕິນໂດຍກຳເນີດ ບໍລິສັດຄ້າຍ່ອຍທາງອິນເຕີເນັດ [[ອາເມຊອນ (ບໍລິສັດ)|ອາເມຊອນ]]ກໍ່ຕັ້ງທີ່ຊີແອດເຕິນໃນປີ ຄ.ສ 1994 ແລະ ສາຍການບິນຫຼັກຢ່າງ[[ອາລາສະກາແອລາຍ]] ໃຫ້ບໍລິການທີ່[[ສະໜາມບິນສາກົນຊີແອດເຕິນ–ທາໂຄມາ]]ຊຶ່ງເປັນສະໜາມບິນຫຼັກຂອງເມືອງ ການສະຕຣີມຂອງລະບົບຊອບແວໃໝ່ [[ນາໂນເຕັກໂນໂລຊີ]] ແລະ ບໍລິສັດອິນເຕີເນັດ ມີສ່ວນຊ່ວຍໃຫ້ເກີດການຟື້ນຕົວທາງເສດຖະກິດ ຊຶ່ງເຮັດໃຫ້ປະຊາກອນຂອງເມືອງເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນເກືອບ 50,000 ຄົນໃນໄລຍະລະຫວ່າງປີ 1990 ຫາ 2000. ຊີແອດເຕິນມີປະຫວັດສາດທາງດົນຕີທີ່ໂດດເດັ່ນ ໂດຍໃນໄລຍະປີ ຄ.ສ 1918 ຫາ 1951 ມີວົງ[[ແຈສ]]ທີ່ຫຼິ້ນດົນຕີກາງຄືນໃນຖະໜົນແຈັກສັນ ຕັ້ງແຕ່ເຂດໄຊນາທາວ/ນານາຊາດໄປຈົນຮອດເຂດເຊັນທຣັນ. ການຫຼິ້ນດົນຕີແຈສເຮັດໃຫ້ຫຼາຍຄົນມີເສັ້ນທາງອາຊີບທີ່ດີຂຶ້ນ ບໍ່ວ່າຈະເປັນ ເຣ ຊານສ໌, ຄວິນຊີ ໂຈນສ໌ ແລະ ເອີເນດສະຕາຍ ແອນເດີສັນ. ຊີແອດເຕິນຍັງເປັນບ້ານເກີດຂອງນັກດົນຕີຣັອກ [[ຈິມິ ເຮັນດຣິກຊ໌]] ແລະ ເປັນຖິ່ນກຳເນີດຂອງວົງ[[ເນີວານາ]], [[ເພີນແຈມ]], [[ຊາວກາເດັນ]], [[ອະລິດຊ໌ອິນເຊນສ໌]], [[ຟູໄຟເຕີສ໌]] ແລະ ດົນຕີແນວ[[ກຣັນ]].<ref name=Seattle_Sound>{{cite book|last=Heylin|first=Clinton|title=Babylon's Burning: From Punk to Grunge|publisher=Conongate|year=2007|isbn=978-1-84195-879-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/babylonsburningf0000heyl/page/606 606]|url=https://archive.org/details/babylonsburningf0000heyl/page/606}}</ref> == ພູມອາກາດ == ຊີແອດເຕິນມີລັກສະນະ[[ພູມອາກາດແບບເມດີແຕຣາເນ]] ຕາມ[[ການແບ່ງເຂດພູມອາກາດແບບເຄີບເປີນ]] ແຕ່ໃນການແບ່ງເຂດພູມອາກາດແບບອື່ນໆ (ເຊັ່ນ Trewartha) ອາດຖືກຈັດໃຫ້ມີລັກສະນະ[[ພູມອາກາດແບບອົບອຸ່ນຊຸ່ມພາກພື້ນສະໝຸດ]]. ລະດູຮ້ອນມີອາກາດອົບອຸ່ນ ຂ້ອນຂ້າງແຫ້ງ ແລະ ທ້ອງຟ້າແຈ່ມໃສເປັນສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ ອຸນຫະພູມສະເລ່ຍລະຫວ່າງ 14-25 ອົງສາເຊນຊຽດໃນເດືອນກໍລະກົດ ແລະ ເດືອນສິງຫາ ຂະນະທີ່ລະດູໜາວມີອາກາດເຢັນ, ຝົນຕົກຫຼາຍ ແລະ ທ້ອງຟ້າຄື້ມເປັນສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ ອຸນຫະພູມສະເລ່ຍລະຫວ່າງ 3-8 ອົງສາເຊນຊຽດໃນເດືອນທັນວາ. ຊີແອດເຕິນເປັນໜຶ່ງໃນເມືອງທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບຜົນກະທົບຈາກຄື້ນຄວາມຮ້ອນທີ່ປົກຄຸມຝັ່ງຕາເວັນຕົກຂອງທະວີບອາເມຣິກາເໜືອປີ ຄ.ສ 2021 ຊຶ່ງເປັນຜົນມາຈາກປາກົດການ[[ໂດມຄວາມຮ້ອນ]] ໂດຍອຸນຫະພູມສູງສຸດຕະຫຼອດການວັດໄດ້ 108 ອົງສາຟາເຣັນຮາຍ (42.2 ອົງສາເຊນຊຽດ) ເມື່ອວັນທີ 28 ມິຖຸນາ ຄ.ສ 2021<ref>{{Cite web |title=Astounding heat obliterates all-time records across the Pacific Northwest and Western Canada in June 2021 |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/event-tracker/astounding-heat-obliterates-all-time-records-across-pacific-northwest |access-date=2026-07-12 |website=climate.gov |language=en}}</ref> ແມ່ນວ່າຊີແອດເຕິນຈະມີຝົນຕົກຫຼາຍກວ່າຫຼາຍເມືອງໃຫຍ່ໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ ຊຶ່ງຢູ່ທີ 156 ມື້ຕໍ່ປີ ແຕ່ປະລິມານຢາກນໍ້າຟ້າລວມທັງປີກໍຍັງໜ້ອຍກວ່າຫຼາຍເມືອງທາງຝັ່ງຕາເວັນອອກຂອງສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ ຊຶ່ງຢູ່ທີ 1,000 ມິນລີແມັດ ຂະນະທີ່[[ຫິມະ]]ໃນຊີແອດເຕີລພົບໄດ້ບໍ່ຫຼາຍ ແລະ ມີແສງແດດລວມທັງປີປະມານ 2,100 ຊົ່ວໂມງ. {{Weather box |location = ຊີແອດເຕິນ (ສະໜາມບິນສາກົນຊີແອດເຕິນ-ທາໂຄມາ) (ຄ່າປົກກະຕິ 1991-2020; ຄ່າສຸດຂີດ 1945-ປັດຈຸບັນ) |single line = Yes |Jan record high F = 64 |Feb record high F = 70 |Mar record high F = 79 |Apr record high F = 89 |May record high F = 93 |Jun record high F = 108 |Jul record high F = 103 |Aug record high F = 99 |Sep record high F = 98 |Oct record high F = 89 |Nov record high F = 74 |Dec record high F = 66 |Jan high F = 48.0 |Feb high F = 50.3 |Mar high F = 54.2 |Apr high F = 59.3 |May high F = 66.3 |Jun high F = 71.1 |Jul high F = 77.4 |Aug high F = 77.6 |Sep high F = 71.6 |Oct high F = 60.5 |Nov high F = 52.1 |Dec high F = 47.0 |Jan mean F = 42.8 |Feb mean F = 44.0 |Mar mean F = 47.1 |Apr mean F = 51.3 |May mean F = 57.5 |Jun mean F = 62.0 |Jul mean F = 67.1 |Aug mean F = 67.4 |Sep mean F = 62.6 |Oct mean F = 53.8 |Nov mean F = 46.5 |Dec mean F = 42.0 |Jan low F = 37.7 |Feb low F = 37.7 |Mar low F = 39.9 |Apr low F = 43.3 |May low F = 48.7 |Jun low F = 53.0 |Jul low F = 56.8 |Aug low F = 57.2 |Sep low F = 53.6 |Oct low F = 47.0 |Nov low F = 40.9 |Dec low F = 37.1 |Jan record low F = 0 |Feb record low F = 1 |Mar record low F = 11 |Apr record low F = 29 |May record low F = 28 |Jun record low F = 38 |Jul record low F = 43 |Aug record low F = 44 |Sep record low F = 35 |Oct record low F = 28 |Nov record low F = 6 |Dec record low F = 6 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation inch = 5.78 |Feb precipitation inch = 3.76 |Mar precipitation inch = 4.17 |Apr precipitation inch = 3.18 |May precipitation inch = 1.88 |Jun precipitation inch = 1.45 |Jul precipitation inch = 0.60 |Aug precipitation inch = 0.97 |Sep precipitation inch = 1.61 |Oct precipitation inch = 3.91 |Nov precipitation inch = 6.31 |Dec precipitation inch = 5.72 |Jan humidity = 78.0 |Feb humidity = 75.2 |Mar humidity = 73.6 |Apr humidity = 71.4 |May humidity = 68.9 |Jun humidity = 67.1 |Jul humidity = 65.4 |Aug humidity = 68.2 |Sep humidity = 73.2 |Oct humidity = 78.6 |Nov humidity = 79.8 |Dec humidity = 80.1 |unit precipitation days = 0.01 ນິ້ວ |Jan precipitation days = 18.7 |Feb precipitation days = 15.9 |Mar precipitation days = 17.1 |Apr precipitation days = 15.0 |May precipitation days = 11.3 |Jun precipitation days = 9.2 |Jul precipitation days = 4.7 |Aug precipitation days = 4.9 |Sep precipitation days = 8.3 |Oct precipitation days = 14.3 |Nov precipitation days = 18.4 |Dec precipitation days = 18.4 |Jan snow inch = 1.8 |Feb snow inch = 2.2 |Mar snow inch = 0.4 |Apr snow inch = 0.0 |May snow inch = 0.0 |Jun snow inch = 0.0 |Jul snow inch = 0.0 |Aug snow inch = 0.0 |Sep snow inch = 0.0 |Oct snow inch = 0.0 |Nov snow inch = 0.2 |Dec snow inch = 1.7 |unit snow days = 0.1 ນິ້ວ |Jan snow days = 1.4 |Feb snow days = 1.2 |Mar snow days = 0.4 |Apr snow days = 0.0 |May snow days = 0.0 |Jun snow days = 0.0 |Jul snow days = 0.0 |Aug snow days = 0.0 |Sep snow days = 0.0 |Oct snow days = 0.0 |Nov snow days = 0.2 |Dec snow days = 1.5 |Jan sun = 69.8 |Feb sun = 108.8 |Mar sun = 178.4 |Apr sun = 207.3 |May sun = 253.7 |Jun sun = 268.4 |Jul sun = 312.0 |Aug sun = 281.4 |Sep sun = 221.7 |Oct sun = 142.6 |Nov sun = 72.7 |Dec sun = 52.9 |source 1= [[ອົງການບໍລິຫານມະຫາສະໝຸດ ແລະ ຊັ້ນບັນຍາກາດແຫ່ງຊາດ|NOAA]] (ຄ່າປົກກະຕິ ແລະ ຄ່າສຸດຂີດ)<ref>{{Cite web |title=NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data |url=https://www.weather.gov/wrh/Climate?wfo=sew |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=weather.gov |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Summary of Monthly Normals 1991-2020 |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00024233&format=pdf |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=NOAA |language=en}}</ref>, (ຄວາມຊຸ່ມ ແລະ ແສງແດດ 1961-1990)<ref>{{Cite web |title=SEATTLE/SEATTLE-TACOMA INTL A,WA |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/normals-old/WMO/1961-1990/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP4/72793.TXT |website=NOAA |access-date=2026-06-14}}</ref> }} == ເມືອງພີ່ນ້ອງ == ຊີແອດເຕິນມີເມືອງພີ່ນ້ອງດັ່ງຕໍ່ໄປນີ້:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.seattle.gov/oir/sister-cities/about-seattle-sister-cities |title=About Seattle's Sister Cities |publisher=Office of International Relations |location=Seattle }}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} *{{flagicon|Israel}} [[Beersheba|ເບຍເຊບາ]], ປະເທດອິນສະຣາແອນ *{{flagicon|Norway}} [[Bergen|ແບກເກັນ]], ປະເທດນອກແວ *{{flagicon|Philippines}} [[Cebu City|ເຊບູ ຊິຕີ]], ປະເທດຟີລິບປິນ *{{flagicon|China}} [[Chongqing|ຊົງຊິ່ງ]], ປະເທດຈີນ *{{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Christchurch|ຄຣິດສະເຊີດ]], ປະເທດນູແວນເຊລັງ *{{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Daejeon|ແດຈິອຸນ]], ປະເທດເກົາຫຼີໃຕ້ *{{flagicon|Ireland}} [[Galway|ການເວ]], ປະເທດອຽກລັງ *{{flagicon|Poland}} [[Gdynia|ກາດີເນຍ]], ປະເທດໂປໂລຍ *{{flagicon|Vietnam}} [[Haiphong|ຮາຍຟອງ]], ປະເທດຫວຽດນາມ *{{flagicon|Taiwan}} [[Kaohsiung|ເກົາຊຸງ]], ປະເທດໄຕ້ຫວັນ *{{flagicon|Japan}} [[Kobe|ໂກເບ]], ປະເທດຍີ່ປຸ່ນ *{{flagicon|Cameroon}} [[Limbe, Cameroon|ລິມເບ]], ປະເທດກາເມີຣູນ *{{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Mombasa|ມອມບາຊາ]], ປະເທດເຄັນຍາ *{{flagicon|France}} [[Nantes|ນັງ]], ປະເທດຝຣັ່ງ *{{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Pécs|ເປັກ]], ປະເທດຮົງກາລີ *{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Perugia|ເປຣູຈາ]], ປະເທດອິຕາລີ *{{flagicon|Iceland}} [[Reykjavík|ເຣກຍາວິກ]], ປະເທດອິດສະລັງ *{{flagicon|Cambodia}} [[Sihanoukville|ສີຫະນຸວິວ]], ປະເທດກຳປູເຈຍ *{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Surabaya|ຊູຣາບາຢາ]], ປະເທດອິນໂດເນເຊຍ *{{flagicon|Uzbekistan}} [[Tashkent|ທາສເຄນ]], ປະເທດອຸດສະເບກິດສະຖານ<ref>{{cite web |last=Long |first=Priscilla |title=Seattle-Tashkent Peace Park in Uzbekistan is dedicated in Tashkent and at Seattle Center on September 12, 1988. |website=HistoryLink.org |date=September 12, 1988 |url=https://historylink.org/File/3595 |access-date=July 22, 2022 }}</ref> {{div col end}} == ອ້າງອີງ == {{ລາຍການອ້າງອີງ}} == ແຫຼ່ງຂໍ້ມູນອື່ນ == {{sister project links |b=no |q=no |v=no|voy=Seattle}} * {{official website|http://www.seattle.gov/ |name=Official website of the City of Seattle}} * [http://www.historylink.org/ Historylink.org], history of Seattle and Washington * [http://content.lib.washington.edu/seattleweb/index.html Seattle Photographs from the University of Washington Digital Collections] * [http://cdm15015.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/landingpage/collection/p15015coll4 Seattle Historic Photograph Collection from the Seattle Public Library] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023064210/http://cdm15015.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/landingpage/collection/p15015coll4 |date=2013-10-23 }} * [http://depts.washington.edu/civilr/index.htm Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project] * [http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/seattle/ Seattle, a National Park Service ''Discover Our Shared Heritage'' Travel Itinerary] [[ໝວດ:ເມືອງໃນລັດວໍຊິງຕັນ]] == ອ້າງອີງ == <references /> {{Stub}} 0uvrji5voam3pwl9vu607w2r8mgz30q 130120 130119 2026-08-21T06:22:50Z Khomphoi28 15846 130120 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ຊີແອດເຕິນ | settlement_type = [[ລັດຖະບານນະຄອນໃນລັດວໍຊິງຕັນ|ນະຄອນ]] | image_skyline = {{multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 280 | image_style = border:1; | perrow = 1/2/2/2 | image1 = SeattleQueenAnne.png | image2 = SafecoFieldTop.jpg|275px|Safeco Field | image3 = Pike Place Market 1.jpg | image4 = SpaceNeedleTopClose.jpg | image5 = Seattle Great Wheel, Seattle, Washington, Estados Unidos, 2017-09-02, DD 16.jpg | image6 = University of Washington Quad, Spring 2007.jpg | image7 = Amazon Spheres 05.jpg }} | image_caption = ຈາກເທິງສຸດ ຊ້າຍໄປຂວາ: ພາບຖ່າຍທາງອາກາດຂອງເຂດໃຈກາງເມຶອງໂດຍມີ[[ພູເຣເນຍ]]ເປັນສາກຫຼັງ, [[ທີ-ໂມບາຍ ພາກ]], [[ໄພເພຼສມາເກັດ]], [[ສະເປດນິດເດີນ]], [[ຊິງຊ້າສະຫວັນຍັກຊີແອດເຕິນ]], ເດີ່ນກວ້າງໃຈກາງໃນ[[ມະຫາວິທະຍາໄລ ວໍຊິງຕັນ]] ແລະ [[ອາເມຊອນ ສະເຟຍ]]. | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_blank_emblem = | named_for = [[Chief Seattle|Chief Si'ahl]] | nickname = ນະຄອນມໍລະກົດ, ນະຄອຍແຫ່ງເຮືອ, ນະຄອນແຫ່ງສາຍຝົນ | motto = ນະຄອນແຫ່ງດອກໄມ້ ນະຄອນແຫ່ງຄວາມປາຖະໜາດີ | image_map = King County Washington Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Seattle Highlighted.svg | mapsize = 250x200px | map_caption = ທີ່ຕັ້ງໃນຄິງເຄົາຕີ | pushpin_map = USA | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_label = ຊີແອດເຕິນ | pushpin_map_caption = ທີ່ຕັ້ງໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ | pushpin_relief = 1 | coordinates = {{coord|47|36|35|N|122|19|59|W|region:US-WA|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = [[ລາຍຊື່ປະເທດ ດິນແດນ ແລະ ເມືອງຫຼວງ|ປະເທດ]] | subdivision_name = ສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ | subdivision_type1 = [[ລັດ (ສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ)|ລັດ]] | subdivision_name1 = [[ລັດວໍຊິງຕັນ|ວໍຊິງຕັນ]] | subdivision_type2 = [[ລາຍຊື່ເຄົາຕີໃນວໍຊິງຕັນ|ເຄົາຕີ]] | subdivision_name2 = ຄິງ | established_title1 = ສະຖາປະນາ | established_date1 = ຄ.ສ 1851 | established_title2 = ເລີ່ມປົກຄອງແບບເທສະບານ | established_date2 = 2 ທັນວາ ຄ.ສ 1869 | government_type = ສະພາ–ນາຍົກເທສະມົນຕີ | governing_body = [[ສະພານະຄອນຊີແອດເຕິນ]] | leader_title = [[ນາຍົກເທສະມົນຕີຊີແອດເຕິນ|ນາຍົກເທສະມົນຕີ]] | leader_name = [[ບຣູສ ຮາແຣລ]] ([[ພັກເດໂມແຄຣັດ (ສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ)|ເດໂມແຄຣັດ]]) | leader_title1 = ຮອງນາຍົກເທສະມົນຕີ | leader_name1 = ໄມເຄິນ ຟອງ ແລະ ເຊຟາລີ ແຣນການາທັນ | unit_pref = Imperial | area_magnitude = 1 E+9 | area_total_sq_mi = 142.07 | area_total_km2 = 367.97 | area_land_sq_mi = 83.99 | area_land_km2 = 217.54 | area_water_sq_mi = 58.08 | area_water_km2 = 150.43 | area_metro_sq_mi = 8,186 | area_metro_km2 = 21,202 | elevation_ft = 175 | elevation_m = 53 | elevation_max_ft = 520 | elevation_max_m = 158 | elevation_min_ft = 0 | elevation_min_m = 0 | population_as_of = 2020 | population_est = 737,015 {{gain}} | pop_est_as_of = 2025 | pop_est_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusEst2019">{{cite web |date=May 2020 |title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places in Washington: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2019 |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2010s-total-cities-and-towns.html |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=May 21, 2020}}</ref> | population_footnotes = <ref name="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web |title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=December 19, 2012}}</ref> | population_total = 608660 | population_rank = ອັນດັບທີ 18 ໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ | population_density_sq_mi = 8973.18 | population_urban = 3,059,393 (ອັນດັບທີ 14 ໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ) | population_metro = 3,979,845 (ອັນດັບທີ 15 ໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ) | population_blank1_title = [[Combined statistical area|CSA]] | population_blank1 = 4,903,675 (ອັນດັບທີ 14 ໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ) | population_demonym = Seattleite<ref name="The Seattle Times">{{cite web |last1=Balk |first1=Gene |title=When can you call yourself a Seattleite? |url=http://blogs.seattletimes.com/fyi-guy/2012/10/02/when-can-you-call-yourself-a-seattleite/ |website=The Seattle Times |access-date=October 19, 2018 |date=October 2, 2012}}</ref> or Seattlite<ref name="City of Seattle">{{cite web |last1=Wilson-Codega |first1=Lily |title=About Seattle Sister Cities – Sister Cities {{!}} seattle.gov |url=http://www.seattle.gov/oir/sister-cities/about-seattle-sister-cities |website=City of Seattle |access-date=October 19, 2018}}</ref> | timezone = [[ເຂດເວລາປາຊີຟິກ|PST]] | utc_offset = −8 | timezone_DST = [[ເຂດເວລາປາຊີຟິກ|PDT]] | utc_offset_DST = −7 | postal_code_type = [[ລະຫັດໄປສະນີ]] | postal_code = {{collapsible list |title = {{nobold|ລະຫັດໄປສະນີ}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupResultsAction!input.action?resultMode=1&address1=&address2=&city=Seattle&state=WA |publisher=USPS |title=Zip Code Lookup |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151112030118/http://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupResultsAction%21input.action?resultMode=1&address1=&address2=&city=Seattle&state=WA |archive-date=November 12, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupResultsAction!input.action?items=30&page=2&address1=&address2=&city=Seattle&state=WA |publisher=USPS |title=Zip Code Lookup |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151112030348/http://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupResultsAction%21input.action?items=30&page=2&address1=&address2=&city=Seattle&state=WA |archive-date=November 12, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> |list_style = text-align:center;display:none |98101–98119, 98121–98122, 98124–98127, 98129, 98131, 98133–98134, 98136, 98138–98139, 98141, 98144–98146, 98148, 98154–98155, 98158, 98160–98161, 98164–98166, 98168, 98170, 98174–98175, 98177–98178, 98181, 98185, 98188, 98190–98191, 98194–98195, 98198–98199}} | area_code = 206 | area_code_type = ລະຫັດພື້ນທີ່ | blank_name = ລະຫັດມາດຕະຖານໃນການແປຂໍ້ມູນສູ່ລັດຖະບານກາງ | blank_info = 53-63000 | blank1_name = ລະຫັດລະບົບສາລະສົນເທດພູມສາດ | blank1_info = 1512650<ref name="GR3">{{cite gnis|id=1512650|name=Seattle}}</ref> | website = {{official website|name=Seattle.gov}} | footnotes = | area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_53.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=August 7, 2020}}</ref> | population_density_km2 = 3464.55 | official_name = }} '''ຊີແອດເຕິນ''' ({{langx|en|Seattle|italic=no}}, {{IPAc-en|audio=GT Seattle AE.ogg|s|i|ˈ|æ|t|əl}} {{respell|see|AT|əl}}) ເປັນເມືອງທ່າບົນຊາຍຝັ່ງຕາເວັນຕົກຂອງ[[ສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ]] ຕັ້ງຢູ່ໃນຄິງເຄົາຕີ [[ລັດວໍຊິງຕັນ]] ຖືວ່າເປັນເມືອງທີ່ໃຫຍ່ທີ່ສຸດໃນລັດວໍຊິງຕັນ ແລະ ພາກພື້ນປາຊີຟິກຕາເວັນຕົກສຽງເໜືອຂອງ[[ອາເມຣິກາເໜືອ]] ການສຳມະໂນຄົວໃນປີ ຄ.ສ 2019 ເປີດເຜີຍວ່າ[[ເຂດມະຫານະຄອນຊີແອດເຕິນ]]ມີປະຊາກອນທັງໝົດ 4.02 ລ້ານຄົນ ນັບເປັນຄົນມະຫານະຄອນທີ່ມີປະຊາກອນຫຼາຍເປັນອັນດັບທີ 15 ຂອງສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/data/seattle-just-one-of-5-big-metros-last-year-that-had-more-people-move-here-than-leave-census-data-show/ |title=Seattle just one of 5 big metros last year that had more people move here than leave, census data show |last=Balk |first=Gene |date=March 26, 2018 |work=The Seattle Times |access-date=May 7, 2018}}</ref> ໃນເດືອນກໍລະກົດປີ ຄ.ສ 2013 ຊີແອດເຕິນເປັນເມືອງຫຼັກທີ່ມີການຂະຫຍາຍຕົວໄວທີ່ສຸດໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.seattletimes.com/fyi-guy/2014/05/22/census-seattle-is-the-fastest-growing-big-city-in-the-u-s/ |title=Census: Seattle is the fastest-growing big city in the U.S. |last=Balk |first=Gene |series=FYI Guy |work=The Seattle Times |date=May 22, 2014 |access-date=May 27, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180222184013/http://blogs.seattletimes.com/fyi-guy/2014/05/22/census-seattle-is-the-fastest-growing-big-city-in-the-u-s/ |archive-date=February 22, 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ແລະ ຍັງຄົງຢູ່ໃນຫ້າອັນດັບທຳອິດຈາກການຈັດອັນດັບໃນເດືອນພຶດສະພາປີ ຄ.ສ 2015 ດ້ວຍອັດຕາການຂະຫຍາຍຕົວຮ້ອຍລະ 2.1 ຕໍ່ປີ.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/data/seattle-no-longer-americas-fastest-growing-big-city/ |title=Seattle no longer America's fastest-growing big city |last=Balk |first=Gene |series=FYI Guy |work=The Seattle Times |date=May 21, 2015 |access-date=November 20, 2015}}</ref> ຊີແອດເຕິນຍັງຄົງເປັນເມືອງຫຼັກທີ່ມີການຂະຫຍາຍຕົວໄວທີ່ສຸດໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ ດ້ວຍອັດຕາການຂະຫຍາຍຕົວຮ້ອຍລະ 21.1 ລະຫວ່າງປີ ຄ.ສ 2010 ຫາ 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-12 |title=Seattle grew by more than 100,000 people in past 10 years, King County population booms, diversifies, new census data shows |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/seattle-grew-by-more-than-100000-people-in-past-10-years-kent-among-fastest-growing-cities-new-census-data-shows/ |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=The Seattle Times |language=en-US}}</ref> ຊິແອດເຕິນຕັ້ງຢູ່ເທິງ[[ຄໍຄອດ]]ລະຫວ່າງພິວເຈັດຊາວໃນມະຫາສະໝຸດປາຊີຟິກ ແລະ [[ທະເລສາບວໍຊິງຕັນ]] ເປັນນະຄອນໃຫຍ່ທີ່ຢູ່ທາງທິດເໜືອສຸດຂອງສະຫະລັດອາຣິກາ ຢູ່ຫ່າງຈາກຊາຍແດນການາດາໄປທາງທິດໃຕ້ປະມານ {{convert|100|mi}} ຊີແອດເຕິນນັບເປັນປະຕູການຄ້າຫຼັກສູ່ອາຊີ ໂດຍເປັນເມືອງທ່າທີ່ໃຫຍ່ເປັນອັນດັບທີ 4 ໃນອາເມຣິກາເໜືອໃນທາງຂອງການຮອງຮັບຕູ້ບັນຈຸສິນຄ້າໃນປີ ຄ.ສ 2015.<ref>{{cite web|title=Seaport Statistics|url=http://www.portseattle.org/About/Publications/Statistics/Seaport/Pages/default.aspx|publisher=Port of Seattle|access-date=January 28, 2016|archive-date=2021-05-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507071158/https://www.portseattle.org/About/Publications/Statistics/Seaport/Pages/default.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[ກຸ່ມຊົນພື້ນເມືອງອາເມຣິກາໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ|ກຸ່ມຊົນພື້ນເມືອງອາເມຣິກາ]]ເຂົ້າມາຕັ້ງຖິ່ນຖານໃນພື້ນທີ່ຂອງຊີແອດເຕິນເມື່ອ 4,000 ປີກ່ອນທີ່ຈະມີຜູ້ຕັ້ງຖິ່ນຖານຈາກເອີຣົບເຂົ້າມາ.<ref name=Discovery_Park>{{cite news|url=http://www.seattlepi.com/lifestyle/article/Feel-the-beat-of-history-in-the-park-and-concert-1251579.php|title=Feel the beat of history in the park and concert hall at two family-friendly events|work=Seattle Post-Intelligencer|date=October 4, 2007|author=Doree Armstrong|access-date=November 1, 2007}}</ref> ) ອາເທີ ເດັນນີ ພ້ອມດ້ວຍຄະນະເດີນທາງຂອງລາວ ຊຶ່ງຮູ້ຈັກກັນໃນຊື່ພັກພວກເດັນນີ ເດີນທາງດ້ວຍເຮືອໃບ ''ເອັກແຊັກ'' ຈາກ[[ລັດອີລິນອຍ]] ຜ່ານ[[ພອດແລນ]] ແລະ ມາຮອດອານໄຄພອຍເມື່ອວັນທີ 13 ພະຈິກ ປີ ຄ.ສ 1851<ref>{{cite web|author=Andrew Craig Magnuson|date=July 20, 2014|url=http://www.craigmagnuson.com/exact.htm|title=In Search of the Schooner Exact|publisher=Andrew Craig Magnuson|access-date=September 27, 2014}}</ref> ຕໍ່ມາໄດ້ມີການຍ້າຍນິຄົມໄປຍັງຊາຍຝັ່ງທິດຕາເວັນອອກຂອງອ່າວເອວລຽດ ແລະ ຕັ້ງຊື່ນິຄົມໃໝ່ນີ້ວ່າ "ຊີແອດເຕິນ" ໃນປີ ຄ.ສ 1852 ເພື່ອເປັນກຽດແກ່ທ່ານຊີແອດເຕິນຊຶ່ງເປັນຫົວໜ້າເຜົ່າດູວາມິດ ແລະ ຊູຄົວມິດ. ປັດຈຸບັນ ຊີແອດເຕິນມີປະຊາກອນເປັນຈຳນວນຫຼາຍທັງຊາວພື້ນເມືອງ, ຊາວສະກັງດີນາວີ, ຊາວອາຊີ ແລະ ຊາວອາຟຣິກາອາເມຣິກາ ນອກຈາກນີ້ຍັງມີ[[ກຸ່ມບຸກຄົນທີ່ມີຄວາມຫຼາກຫຼາຍທາງເພດ]] ຊຶ່ງມີຫຼາຍເປັນອັນດັບທີ 6 ຂອງປະເທດ.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/data/data-show-seattle-metros-lgbt-population-at-173000/|title=Survey ranks Seattle area 5th for LGBT population – so many people is that?|publisher=The Seattle Times|author=Gene Balk|date=March 20, 2015}}</ref> [[ການເຮັດໄມ້]]ເຄີຍເປັນອຸດສາຫະກຳຫຼັກລຳດັບທຳອິດ ຂອງເມືອງ ແຕ່ໃນໄລຍະປາຍສະຕະວັດທີ 19 ເມືອງກາຍເປັນສູນກາງການຄ້າ ແລະ ການຕໍ່ເຮືອ ແລະ ເປັນປະຕູສູ່[[ລັດອາລາສະກາ|ອາລາສະກາ]]ໃນໄລຍະຍຸກການຕື່ນຄຳຄລອນໄດ. ຊີແອດເຕິນມີການຂະຫຍາຍຕົວອີກຄັ້ງຫຼັງ[[ສົງຄາມໂລກຄັ້ງທີສອງ]]ໂດຍມີການສ່ວນຈາກການທີ່ບໍລິສັດ [[ໂບອິງ]]ໃຊ້ເມືອງນີ້ເປັນສູນກາງໃນການສ້າງເຄື່ອງບິນ ຕໍ່ມາຊີແອດເຕິນພັດທະນາເປັນສູນກາງທາງເຕັກໂນໂລຊີຕັ້ງແຕ່ທົດສະວັດປີ 1980 ໂດຍມີການກໍ່ຕັ້ງບໍລິສັດ[[ໄມໂຄຣຊອບ]]ໃນພື້ນທີ່ນີ້ [[ບິລ ເກດສ໌]]ຊຶ່ງເປັນຜູ້ກໍ່ຕັ້ງໄມໂຄຣຊອບ ເປັນຊາວຊີແອດເຕິນໂດຍກຳເນີດ ບໍລິສັດຄ້າຍ່ອຍທາງອິນເຕີເນັດ [[ອາເມຊອນ (ບໍລິສັດ)|ອາເມຊອນ]]ກໍ່ຕັ້ງທີ່ຊີແອດເຕິນໃນປີ ຄ.ສ 1994 ແລະ ສາຍການບິນຫຼັກຢ່າງ[[ອາລາສະກາແອລາຍ]] ໃຫ້ບໍລິການທີ່[[ສະໜາມບິນສາກົນຊີແອດເຕິນ–ທາໂຄມາ]]ຊຶ່ງເປັນສະໜາມບິນຫຼັກຂອງເມືອງ ການສະຕຣີມຂອງລະບົບຊອບແວໃໝ່ [[ນາໂນເຕັກໂນໂລຊີ]] ແລະ ບໍລິສັດອິນເຕີເນັດ ມີສ່ວນຊ່ວຍໃຫ້ເກີດການຟື້ນຕົວທາງເສດຖະກິດ ຊຶ່ງເຮັດໃຫ້ປະຊາກອນຂອງເມືອງເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນເກືອບ 50,000 ຄົນໃນໄລຍະລະຫວ່າງປີ 1990 ຫາ 2000. ຊີແອດເຕິນມີປະຫວັດສາດທາງດົນຕີທີ່ໂດດເດັ່ນ ໂດຍໃນໄລຍະປີ ຄ.ສ 1918 ຫາ 1951 ມີວົງ[[ແຈສ]]ທີ່ຫຼິ້ນດົນຕີກາງຄືນໃນຖະໜົນແຈັກສັນ ຕັ້ງແຕ່ເຂດໄຊນາທາວ/ນານາຊາດໄປຈົນຮອດເຂດເຊັນທຣັນ. ການຫຼິ້ນດົນຕີແຈສເຮັດໃຫ້ຫຼາຍຄົນມີເສັ້ນທາງອາຊີບທີ່ດີຂຶ້ນ ບໍ່ວ່າຈະເປັນ ເຣ ຊານສ໌, ຄວິນຊີ ໂຈນສ໌ ແລະ ເອີເນດສະຕາຍ ແອນເດີສັນ. ຊີແອດເຕິນຍັງເປັນບ້ານເກີດຂອງນັກດົນຕີຣັອກ [[ຈິມິ ເຮັນດຣິກຊ໌]] ແລະ ເປັນຖິ່ນກຳເນີດຂອງວົງ[[ເນີວານາ]], [[ເພີນແຈມ]], [[ຊາວກາເດັນ]], [[ອະລິດຊ໌ອິນເຊນສ໌]], [[ຟູໄຟເຕີສ໌]] ແລະ ດົນຕີແນວ[[ກຣັນ]].<ref name=Seattle_Sound>{{cite book|last=Heylin|first=Clinton|title=Babylon's Burning: From Punk to Grunge|publisher=Conongate|year=2007|isbn=978-1-84195-879-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/babylonsburningf0000heyl/page/606 606]|url=https://archive.org/details/babylonsburningf0000heyl/page/606}}</ref> == ພູມອາກາດ == ຊີແອດເຕິນມີລັກສະນະ[[ພູມອາກາດແບບເມດີແຕຣາເນ]] ຕາມ[[ການແບ່ງເຂດພູມອາກາດແບບເຄີບເປີນ]] ແຕ່ໃນການແບ່ງເຂດພູມອາກາດແບບອື່ນໆ (ເຊັ່ນ Trewartha) ອາດຖືກຈັດໃຫ້ມີລັກສະນະ[[ພູມອາກາດແບບອົບອຸ່ນຊຸ່ມພາກພື້ນສະໝຸດ]]. ລະດູຮ້ອນມີອາກາດອົບອຸ່ນ ຂ້ອນຂ້າງແຫ້ງ ແລະ ທ້ອງຟ້າແຈ່ມໃສເປັນສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ ອຸນຫະພູມສະເລ່ຍລະຫວ່າງ 14-25 ອົງສາເຊນຊຽດໃນເດືອນກໍລະກົດ ແລະ ເດືອນສິງຫາ ຂະນະທີ່ລະດູໜາວມີອາກາດເຢັນ, ຝົນຕົກຫຼາຍ ແລະ ທ້ອງຟ້າຄື້ມເປັນສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ ອຸນຫະພູມສະເລ່ຍລະຫວ່າງ 3-8 ອົງສາເຊນຊຽດໃນເດືອນທັນວາ. ຊີແອດເຕິນເປັນໜຶ່ງໃນເມືອງທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບຜົນກະທົບຈາກຄື້ນຄວາມຮ້ອນທີ່ປົກຄຸມຝັ່ງຕາເວັນຕົກຂອງທະວີບອາເມຣິກາເໜືອປີ ຄ.ສ 2021 ຊຶ່ງເປັນຜົນມາຈາກປາກົດການ[[ໂດມຄວາມຮ້ອນ]] ໂດຍອຸນຫະພູມສູງສຸດຕະຫຼອດການວັດໄດ້ 108 ອົງສາຟາເຣັນຮາຍ (42.2 ອົງສາເຊນຊຽດ) ເມື່ອວັນທີ 28 ມິຖຸນາ ຄ.ສ 2021<ref>{{Cite web |title=Astounding heat obliterates all-time records across the Pacific Northwest and Western Canada in June 2021 |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/event-tracker/astounding-heat-obliterates-all-time-records-across-pacific-northwest |access-date=2026-07-12 |website=climate.gov |language=en}}</ref> ແມ່ນວ່າຊີແອດເຕິນຈະມີຝົນຕົກຫຼາຍກວ່າຫຼາຍເມືອງໃຫຍ່ໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ ຊຶ່ງຢູ່ທີ 156 ມື້ຕໍ່ປີ ແຕ່ປະລິມານຢາກນໍ້າຟ້າລວມທັງປີກໍຍັງໜ້ອຍກວ່າຫຼາຍເມືອງທາງຝັ່ງຕາເວັນອອກຂອງສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ ຊຶ່ງຢູ່ທີ 1,000 ມິນລີແມັດ ຂະນະທີ່[[ຫິມະ]]ໃນຊີແອດເຕີລພົບໄດ້ບໍ່ຫຼາຍ ແລະ ມີແສງແດດລວມທັງປີປະມານ 2,100 ຊົ່ວໂມງ. {{Weather box |location = ຊີແອດເຕິນ (ສະໜາມບິນສາກົນຊີແອດເຕິນ-ທາໂຄມາ) (ຄ່າປົກກະຕິ 1991-2020; ຄ່າສຸດຂີດ 1945-ປັດຈຸບັນ) |single line = Yes |Jan record high F = 64 |Feb record high F = 70 |Mar record high F = 79 |Apr record high F = 89 |May record high F = 93 |Jun record high F = 108 |Jul record high F = 103 |Aug record high F = 99 |Sep record high F = 98 |Oct record high F = 89 |Nov record high F = 74 |Dec record high F = 66 |Jan high F = 48.0 |Feb high F = 50.3 |Mar high F = 54.2 |Apr high F = 59.3 |May high F = 66.3 |Jun high F = 71.1 |Jul high F = 77.4 |Aug high F = 77.6 |Sep high F = 71.6 |Oct high F = 60.5 |Nov high F = 52.1 |Dec high F = 47.0 |Jan mean F = 42.8 |Feb mean F = 44.0 |Mar mean F = 47.1 |Apr mean F = 51.3 |May mean F = 57.5 |Jun mean F = 62.0 |Jul mean F = 67.1 |Aug mean F = 67.4 |Sep mean F = 62.6 |Oct mean F = 53.8 |Nov mean F = 46.5 |Dec mean F = 42.0 |Jan low F = 37.7 |Feb low F = 37.7 |Mar low F = 39.9 |Apr low F = 43.3 |May low F = 48.7 |Jun low F = 53.0 |Jul low F = 56.8 |Aug low F = 57.2 |Sep low F = 53.6 |Oct low F = 47.0 |Nov low F = 40.9 |Dec low F = 37.1 |Jan record low F = 0 |Feb record low F = 1 |Mar record low F = 11 |Apr record low F = 29 |May record low F = 28 |Jun record low F = 38 |Jul record low F = 43 |Aug record low F = 44 |Sep record low F = 35 |Oct record low F = 28 |Nov record low F = 6 |Dec record low F = 6 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation inch = 5.78 |Feb precipitation inch = 3.76 |Mar precipitation inch = 4.17 |Apr precipitation inch = 3.18 |May precipitation inch = 1.88 |Jun precipitation inch = 1.45 |Jul precipitation inch = 0.60 |Aug precipitation inch = 0.97 |Sep precipitation inch = 1.61 |Oct precipitation inch = 3.91 |Nov precipitation inch = 6.31 |Dec precipitation inch = 5.72 |Jan humidity = 78.0 |Feb humidity = 75.2 |Mar humidity = 73.6 |Apr humidity = 71.4 |May humidity = 68.9 |Jun humidity = 67.1 |Jul humidity = 65.4 |Aug humidity = 68.2 |Sep humidity = 73.2 |Oct humidity = 78.6 |Nov humidity = 79.8 |Dec humidity = 80.1 |unit precipitation days = 0.01 ນິ້ວ |Jan precipitation days = 18.7 |Feb precipitation days = 15.9 |Mar precipitation days = 17.1 |Apr precipitation days = 15.0 |May precipitation days = 11.3 |Jun precipitation days = 9.2 |Jul precipitation days = 4.7 |Aug precipitation days = 4.9 |Sep precipitation days = 8.3 |Oct precipitation days = 14.3 |Nov precipitation days = 18.4 |Dec precipitation days = 18.4 |Jan snow inch = 1.8 |Feb snow inch = 2.2 |Mar snow inch = 0.4 |Apr snow inch = 0.0 |May snow inch = 0.0 |Jun snow inch = 0.0 |Jul snow inch = 0.0 |Aug snow inch = 0.0 |Sep snow inch = 0.0 |Oct snow inch = 0.0 |Nov snow inch = 0.2 |Dec snow inch = 1.7 |unit snow days = 0.1 ນິ້ວ |Jan snow days = 1.4 |Feb snow days = 1.2 |Mar snow days = 0.4 |Apr snow days = 0.0 |May snow days = 0.0 |Jun snow days = 0.0 |Jul snow days = 0.0 |Aug snow days = 0.0 |Sep snow days = 0.0 |Oct snow days = 0.0 |Nov snow days = 0.2 |Dec snow days = 1.5 |Jan sun = 69.8 |Feb sun = 108.8 |Mar sun = 178.4 |Apr sun = 207.3 |May sun = 253.7 |Jun sun = 268.4 |Jul sun = 312.0 |Aug sun = 281.4 |Sep sun = 221.7 |Oct sun = 142.6 |Nov sun = 72.7 |Dec sun = 52.9 |source 1= [[ອົງການບໍລິຫານມະຫາສະໝຸດ ແລະ ຊັ້ນບັນຍາກາດແຫ່ງຊາດ|NOAA]] (ຄ່າປົກກະຕິ ແລະ ຄ່າສຸດຂີດ)<ref>{{Cite web |title=NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data |url=https://www.weather.gov/wrh/Climate?wfo=sew |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=weather.gov |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Summary of Monthly Normals 1991-2020 |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00024233&format=pdf |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=NOAA |language=en}}</ref>, (ຄວາມຊຸ່ມ ແລະ ແສງແດດ 1961-1990)<ref>{{Cite web |title=SEATTLE/SEATTLE-TACOMA INTL A,WA |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/normals-old/WMO/1961-1990/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP4/72793.TXT |website=NOAA |access-date=2026-06-14}}</ref> }} == ເມືອງພີ່ນ້ອງ == ຊີແອດເຕິນມີເມືອງພີ່ນ້ອງດັ່ງຕໍ່ໄປນີ້:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.seattle.gov/oir/sister-cities/about-seattle-sister-cities |title=About Seattle's Sister Cities |publisher=Office of International Relations |location=Seattle }}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} *{{flagicon|Israel}} [[Beersheba|ເບຍເຊບາ]], ປະເທດອິນສະຣາແອນ *{{flagicon|Norway}} [[Bergen|ແບກເກັນ]], ປະເທດນອກແວ *{{flagicon|Philippines}} [[Cebu City|ເຊບູ ຊິຕີ]], ປະເທດຟີລິບປິນ *{{flagicon|China}} [[Chongqing|ຊົງຊິ່ງ]], ປະເທດຈີນ *{{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Christchurch|ຄຣິດສະເຊີດ]], ປະເທດນູແວນເຊລັງ *{{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Daejeon|ແດຈິອຸນ]], ປະເທດເກົາຫຼີໃຕ້ *{{flagicon|Ireland}} [[Galway|ການເວ]], ປະເທດອຽກລັງ *{{flagicon|Poland}} [[Gdynia|ກາດີເນຍ]], ປະເທດໂປໂລຍ *{{flagicon|Vietnam}} [[Haiphong|ຮາຍຟອງ]], ປະເທດຫວຽດນາມ *{{flagicon|Taiwan}} [[Kaohsiung|ເກົາຊຸງ]], ປະເທດໄຕ້ຫວັນ *{{flagicon|Japan}} [[Kobe|ໂກເບ]], ປະເທດຍີ່ປຸ່ນ *{{flagicon|Cameroon}} [[Limbe, Cameroon|ລິມເບ]], ປະເທດກາເມີຣູນ *{{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Mombasa|ມອມບາຊາ]], ປະເທດເຄັນຍາ *{{flagicon|France}} [[Nantes|ນັງ]], ປະເທດຝຣັ່ງ *{{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Pécs|ເປັກ]], ປະເທດຮົງກາລີ *{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Perugia|ເປຣູຈາ]], ປະເທດອິຕາລີ *{{flagicon|Iceland}} [[Reykjavík|ເຣກຍາວິກ]], ປະເທດອິດສະລັງ *{{flagicon|Cambodia}} [[Sihanoukville|ສີຫະນຸວິວ]], ປະເທດກຳປູເຈຍ *{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Surabaya|ຊູຣາບາຢາ]], ປະເທດອິນໂດເນເຊຍ *{{flagicon|Uzbekistan}} [[Tashkent|ທາສເຄນ]], ປະເທດອຸດສະເບກິດສະຖານ<ref>{{cite web |last=Long |first=Priscilla |title=Seattle-Tashkent Peace Park in Uzbekistan is dedicated in Tashkent and at Seattle Center on September 12, 1988. |website=HistoryLink.org |date=September 12, 1988 |url=https://historylink.org/File/3595 |access-date=July 22, 2022 }}</ref> {{div col end}} == ອ້າງອີງ == {{ລາຍການອ້າງອີງ}} == ແຫຼ່ງຂໍ້ມູນອື່ນ == {{sister project links |b=no |q=no |v=no|voy=Seattle}} * {{official website|http://www.seattle.gov/ |name=Official website of the City of Seattle}} * [http://www.historylink.org/ Historylink.org], history of Seattle and Washington * [http://content.lib.washington.edu/seattleweb/index.html Seattle Photographs from the University of Washington Digital Collections] * [http://cdm15015.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/landingpage/collection/p15015coll4 Seattle Historic Photograph Collection from the Seattle Public Library] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023064210/http://cdm15015.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/landingpage/collection/p15015coll4 |date=2013-10-23 }} * [http://depts.washington.edu/civilr/index.htm Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project] * [http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/seattle/ Seattle, a National Park Service ''Discover Our Shared Heritage'' Travel Itinerary] [[ໝວດ:ເມືອງໃນລັດວໍຊິງຕັນ]] 4g4po4virdt0fsmltqopvyd5uv28drm 130124 130120 2026-08-21T06:31:10Z Khomphoi28 15846 /* */ 130124 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ຊີແອດເຕິນ | settlement_type = [[ລັດຖະບານນະຄອນໃນລັດວໍຊິງຕັນ|ນະຄອນ]] | image_skyline = {{multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 280 | image_style = border:1; | perrow = 1/2/2/2 | image1 = SeattleQueenAnne.png | image2 = SafecoFieldTop.jpg|275px|Safeco Field | image3 = Pike Place Market 1.jpg | image4 = SpaceNeedleTopClose.jpg | image5 = Seattle Great Wheel, Seattle, Washington, Estados Unidos, 2017-09-02, DD 16.jpg | image6 = University of Washington Quad, Spring 2007.jpg | image7 = Amazon Spheres 05.jpg }} | image_caption = ຈາກເທິງສຸດ ຊ້າຍໄປຂວາ: ພາບຖ່າຍທາງອາກາດຂອງເຂດໃຈກາງເມຶອງໂດຍມີ[[ພູເຣເນຍ]]ເປັນສາກຫຼັງ, [[ທີ-ໂມບາຍ ພາກ]], [[ໄພເພຼສມາເກັດ]], [[ສະເປດນິດເດີນ]], [[ຊິງຊ້າສະຫວັນຍັກຊີແອດເຕິນ]], ເດີ່ນກວ້າງໃຈກາງໃນ[[ມະຫາວິທະຍາໄລ ວໍຊິງຕັນ]] ແລະ [[ອາເມຊອນ ສະເຟຍ]]. | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_blank_emblem = | named_for = [[Chief Seattle|Chief Si'ahl]] | nickname = ນະຄອນມໍລະກົດ, ນະຄອຍແຫ່ງເຮືອ, ນະຄອນແຫ່ງສາຍຝົນ | motto = ນະຄອນແຫ່ງດອກໄມ້ ນະຄອນແຫ່ງຄວາມປາຖະໜາດີ | image_map = King County Washington Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Seattle Highlighted.svg | mapsize = 250x200px | map_caption = ທີ່ຕັ້ງໃນຄິງເຄົາຕີ | pushpin_map = USA | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_label = ຊີແອດເຕິນ | pushpin_map_caption = ທີ່ຕັ້ງໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ | pushpin_relief = 1 | coordinates = {{coord|47|36|35|N|122|19|59|W|region:US-WA|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = [[ລາຍຊື່ປະເທດ ດິນແດນ ແລະ ເມືອງຫຼວງ|ປະເທດ]] | subdivision_name = ສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ | subdivision_type1 = [[ລັດ (ສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ)|ລັດ]] | subdivision_name1 = [[ລັດວໍຊິງຕັນ|ວໍຊິງຕັນ]] | subdivision_type2 = [[ລາຍຊື່ເຄົາຕີໃນວໍຊິງຕັນ|ເຄົາຕີ]] | subdivision_name2 = ຄິງ | established_title1 = ສະຖາປະນາ | established_date1 = ຄ.ສ 1851 | established_title2 = ເລີ່ມປົກຄອງແບບເທສະບານ | established_date2 = 2 ທັນວາ ຄ.ສ 1869 | government_type = ສະພາ–ນາຍົກເທສະມົນຕີ | governing_body = [[ສະພານະຄອນຊີແອດເຕິນ]] | leader_title = [[ນາຍົກເທສະມົນຕີຊີແອດເຕິນ|ນາຍົກເທສະມົນຕີ]] | leader_name = [[ບຣູສ ຮາແຣລ]] ([[ພັກເດໂມແຄຣັດ (ສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ)|ເດໂມແຄຣັດ]]) | leader_title1 = ຮອງນາຍົກເທສະມົນຕີ | leader_name1 = ໄມເຄິນ ຟອງ ແລະ ເຊຟາລີ ແຣນການາທັນ | unit_pref = Imperial | area_magnitude = 1 E+9 | area_total_sq_mi = 142.07 | area_total_km2 = 367.97 | area_land_sq_mi = 83.99 | area_land_km2 = 217.54 | area_water_sq_mi = 58.08 | area_water_km2 = 150.43 | area_metro_sq_mi = 8,186 | area_metro_km2 = 21,202 | elevation_ft = 175 | elevation_m = 53 | elevation_max_ft = 520 | elevation_max_m = 158 | elevation_min_ft = 0 | elevation_min_m = 0 | population_as_of = 2020 | population_est = {{gain}} 737,015 | pop_est_as_of = 2025 | pop_est_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusEst2019">{{cite web |date=May 2020 |title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places in Washington: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2019 |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2010s-total-cities-and-towns.html |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=May 21, 2020}}</ref> | population_footnotes = <ref name="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web |title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=December 19, 2012}}</ref> | population_total = 608660 | population_rank = ອັນດັບທີ 18 ໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ | population_density_sq_mi = 8973.18 | population_urban = 3,059,393 (ອັນດັບທີ 14 ໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ) | population_metro = 3,979,845 (ອັນດັບທີ 15 ໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ) | population_blank1_title = [[Combined statistical area|CSA]] | population_blank1 = 4,903,675 (ອັນດັບທີ 14 ໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ) | population_demonym = Seattleite<ref name="The Seattle Times">{{cite web |last1=Balk |first1=Gene |title=When can you call yourself a Seattleite? |url=http://blogs.seattletimes.com/fyi-guy/2012/10/02/when-can-you-call-yourself-a-seattleite/ |website=The Seattle Times |access-date=October 19, 2018 |date=October 2, 2012}}</ref> or Seattlite<ref name="City of Seattle">{{cite web |last1=Wilson-Codega |first1=Lily |title=About Seattle Sister Cities – Sister Cities {{!}} seattle.gov |url=http://www.seattle.gov/oir/sister-cities/about-seattle-sister-cities |website=City of Seattle |access-date=October 19, 2018}}</ref> | timezone = [[ເຂດເວລາປາຊີຟິກ|PST]] | utc_offset = −8 | timezone_DST = [[ເຂດເວລາປາຊີຟິກ|PDT]] | utc_offset_DST = −7 | postal_code_type = [[ລະຫັດໄປສະນີ]] | postal_code = {{collapsible list |title = {{nobold|ລະຫັດໄປສະນີ}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupResultsAction!input.action?resultMode=1&address1=&address2=&city=Seattle&state=WA |publisher=USPS |title=Zip Code Lookup |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151112030118/http://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupResultsAction%21input.action?resultMode=1&address1=&address2=&city=Seattle&state=WA |archive-date=November 12, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupResultsAction!input.action?items=30&page=2&address1=&address2=&city=Seattle&state=WA |publisher=USPS |title=Zip Code Lookup |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151112030348/http://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupResultsAction%21input.action?items=30&page=2&address1=&address2=&city=Seattle&state=WA |archive-date=November 12, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> |list_style = text-align:center;display:none |98101–98119, 98121–98122, 98124–98127, 98129, 98131, 98133–98134, 98136, 98138–98139, 98141, 98144–98146, 98148, 98154–98155, 98158, 98160–98161, 98164–98166, 98168, 98170, 98174–98175, 98177–98178, 98181, 98185, 98188, 98190–98191, 98194–98195, 98198–98199}} | area_code = 206 | area_code_type = ລະຫັດພື້ນທີ່ | blank_name = ລະຫັດມາດຕະຖານໃນການແປຂໍ້ມູນສູ່ລັດຖະບານກາງ | blank_info = 53-63000 | blank1_name = ລະຫັດລະບົບສາລະສົນເທດພູມສາດ | blank1_info = 1512650<ref name="GR3">{{cite gnis|id=1512650|name=Seattle}}</ref> | website = {{official website|name=Seattle.gov}} | footnotes = | area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_53.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=August 7, 2020}}</ref> | population_density_km2 = 3464.55 | official_name = }} '''ຊີແອດເຕິນ''' ({{langx|en|Seattle|italic=no}}, {{IPAc-en|audio=GT Seattle AE.ogg|s|i|ˈ|æ|t|əl}} {{respell|see|AT|əl}}) ເປັນເມືອງທ່າບົນຊາຍຝັ່ງຕາເວັນຕົກຂອງ[[ສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ]] ຕັ້ງຢູ່ໃນຄິງເຄົາຕີ [[ລັດວໍຊິງຕັນ]] ຖືວ່າເປັນເມືອງທີ່ໃຫຍ່ທີ່ສຸດໃນລັດວໍຊິງຕັນ ແລະ ພາກພື້ນປາຊີຟິກຕາເວັນຕົກສຽງເໜືອຂອງ[[ອາເມຣິກາເໜືອ]] ການສຳມະໂນຄົວໃນປີ ຄ.ສ 2019 ເປີດເຜີຍວ່າ[[ເຂດມະຫານະຄອນຊີແອດເຕິນ]]ມີປະຊາກອນທັງໝົດ 4.02 ລ້ານຄົນ ນັບເປັນຄົນມະຫານະຄອນທີ່ມີປະຊາກອນຫຼາຍເປັນອັນດັບທີ 15 ຂອງສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/data/seattle-just-one-of-5-big-metros-last-year-that-had-more-people-move-here-than-leave-census-data-show/ |title=Seattle just one of 5 big metros last year that had more people move here than leave, census data show |last=Balk |first=Gene |date=March 26, 2018 |work=The Seattle Times |access-date=May 7, 2018}}</ref> ໃນເດືອນກໍລະກົດປີ ຄ.ສ 2013 ຊີແອດເຕິນເປັນເມືອງຫຼັກທີ່ມີການຂະຫຍາຍຕົວໄວທີ່ສຸດໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.seattletimes.com/fyi-guy/2014/05/22/census-seattle-is-the-fastest-growing-big-city-in-the-u-s/ |title=Census: Seattle is the fastest-growing big city in the U.S. |last=Balk |first=Gene |series=FYI Guy |work=The Seattle Times |date=May 22, 2014 |access-date=May 27, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180222184013/http://blogs.seattletimes.com/fyi-guy/2014/05/22/census-seattle-is-the-fastest-growing-big-city-in-the-u-s/ |archive-date=February 22, 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ແລະ ຍັງຄົງຢູ່ໃນຫ້າອັນດັບທຳອິດຈາກການຈັດອັນດັບໃນເດືອນພຶດສະພາປີ ຄ.ສ 2015 ດ້ວຍອັດຕາການຂະຫຍາຍຕົວຮ້ອຍລະ 2.1 ຕໍ່ປີ.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/data/seattle-no-longer-americas-fastest-growing-big-city/ |title=Seattle no longer America's fastest-growing big city |last=Balk |first=Gene |series=FYI Guy |work=The Seattle Times |date=May 21, 2015 |access-date=November 20, 2015}}</ref> ຊີແອດເຕິນຍັງຄົງເປັນເມືອງຫຼັກທີ່ມີການຂະຫຍາຍຕົວໄວທີ່ສຸດໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ ດ້ວຍອັດຕາການຂະຫຍາຍຕົວຮ້ອຍລະ 21.1 ລະຫວ່າງປີ ຄ.ສ 2010 ຫາ 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-12 |title=Seattle grew by more than 100,000 people in past 10 years, King County population booms, diversifies, new census data shows |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/seattle-grew-by-more-than-100000-people-in-past-10-years-kent-among-fastest-growing-cities-new-census-data-shows/ |access-date=2025-04-24 |website=The Seattle Times |language=en-US}}</ref> ຊິແອດເຕິນຕັ້ງຢູ່ເທິງ[[ຄໍຄອດ]]ລະຫວ່າງພິວເຈັດຊາວໃນມະຫາສະໝຸດປາຊີຟິກ ແລະ [[ທະເລສາບວໍຊິງຕັນ]] ເປັນນະຄອນໃຫຍ່ທີ່ຢູ່ທາງທິດເໜືອສຸດຂອງສະຫະລັດອາຣິກາ ຢູ່ຫ່າງຈາກຊາຍແດນການາດາໄປທາງທິດໃຕ້ປະມານ {{convert|100|mi}} ຊີແອດເຕິນນັບເປັນປະຕູການຄ້າຫຼັກສູ່ອາຊີ ໂດຍເປັນເມືອງທ່າທີ່ໃຫຍ່ເປັນອັນດັບທີ 4 ໃນອາເມຣິກາເໜືອໃນທາງຂອງການຮອງຮັບຕູ້ບັນຈຸສິນຄ້າໃນປີ ຄ.ສ 2015.<ref>{{cite web|title=Seaport Statistics|url=http://www.portseattle.org/About/Publications/Statistics/Seaport/Pages/default.aspx|publisher=Port of Seattle|access-date=January 28, 2016|archive-date=2021-05-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507071158/https://www.portseattle.org/About/Publications/Statistics/Seaport/Pages/default.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[ກຸ່ມຊົນພື້ນເມືອງອາເມຣິກາໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ|ກຸ່ມຊົນພື້ນເມືອງອາເມຣິກາ]]ເຂົ້າມາຕັ້ງຖິ່ນຖານໃນພື້ນທີ່ຂອງຊີແອດເຕິນເມື່ອ 4,000 ປີກ່ອນທີ່ຈະມີຜູ້ຕັ້ງຖິ່ນຖານຈາກເອີຣົບເຂົ້າມາ.<ref name=Discovery_Park>{{cite news|url=http://www.seattlepi.com/lifestyle/article/Feel-the-beat-of-history-in-the-park-and-concert-1251579.php|title=Feel the beat of history in the park and concert hall at two family-friendly events|work=Seattle Post-Intelligencer|date=October 4, 2007|author=Doree Armstrong|access-date=November 1, 2007}}</ref> ) ອາເທີ ເດັນນີ ພ້ອມດ້ວຍຄະນະເດີນທາງຂອງລາວ ຊຶ່ງຮູ້ຈັກກັນໃນຊື່ພັກພວກເດັນນີ ເດີນທາງດ້ວຍເຮືອໃບ ''ເອັກແຊັກ'' ຈາກ[[ລັດອີລິນອຍ]] ຜ່ານ[[ພອດແລນ]] ແລະ ມາຮອດອານໄຄພອຍເມື່ອວັນທີ 13 ພະຈິກ ປີ ຄ.ສ 1851<ref>{{cite web|author=Andrew Craig Magnuson|date=July 20, 2014|url=http://www.craigmagnuson.com/exact.htm|title=In Search of the Schooner Exact|publisher=Andrew Craig Magnuson|access-date=September 27, 2014}}</ref> ຕໍ່ມາໄດ້ມີການຍ້າຍນິຄົມໄປຍັງຊາຍຝັ່ງທິດຕາເວັນອອກຂອງອ່າວເອວລຽດ ແລະ ຕັ້ງຊື່ນິຄົມໃໝ່ນີ້ວ່າ "ຊີແອດເຕິນ" ໃນປີ ຄ.ສ 1852 ເພື່ອເປັນກຽດແກ່ທ່ານຊີແອດເຕິນຊຶ່ງເປັນຫົວໜ້າເຜົ່າດູວາມິດ ແລະ ຊູຄົວມິດ. ປັດຈຸບັນ ຊີແອດເຕິນມີປະຊາກອນເປັນຈຳນວນຫຼາຍທັງຊາວພື້ນເມືອງ, ຊາວສະກັງດີນາວີ, ຊາວອາຊີ ແລະ ຊາວອາຟຣິກາອາເມຣິກາ ນອກຈາກນີ້ຍັງມີ[[ກຸ່ມບຸກຄົນທີ່ມີຄວາມຫຼາກຫຼາຍທາງເພດ]] ຊຶ່ງມີຫຼາຍເປັນອັນດັບທີ 6 ຂອງປະເທດ.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/data/data-show-seattle-metros-lgbt-population-at-173000/|title=Survey ranks Seattle area 5th for LGBT population – so many people is that?|publisher=The Seattle Times|author=Gene Balk|date=March 20, 2015}}</ref> [[ການເຮັດໄມ້]]ເຄີຍເປັນອຸດສາຫະກຳຫຼັກລຳດັບທຳອິດ ຂອງເມືອງ ແຕ່ໃນໄລຍະປາຍສະຕະວັດທີ 19 ເມືອງກາຍເປັນສູນກາງການຄ້າ ແລະ ການຕໍ່ເຮືອ ແລະ ເປັນປະຕູສູ່[[ລັດອາລາສະກາ|ອາລາສະກາ]]ໃນໄລຍະຍຸກການຕື່ນຄຳຄລອນໄດ. ຊີແອດເຕິນມີການຂະຫຍາຍຕົວອີກຄັ້ງຫຼັງ[[ສົງຄາມໂລກຄັ້ງທີສອງ]]ໂດຍມີການສ່ວນຈາກການທີ່ບໍລິສັດ [[ໂບອິງ]]ໃຊ້ເມືອງນີ້ເປັນສູນກາງໃນການສ້າງເຄື່ອງບິນ ຕໍ່ມາຊີແອດເຕິນພັດທະນາເປັນສູນກາງທາງເຕັກໂນໂລຊີຕັ້ງແຕ່ທົດສະວັດປີ 1980 ໂດຍມີການກໍ່ຕັ້ງບໍລິສັດ[[ໄມໂຄຣຊອບ]]ໃນພື້ນທີ່ນີ້ [[ບິລ ເກດສ໌]]ຊຶ່ງເປັນຜູ້ກໍ່ຕັ້ງໄມໂຄຣຊອບ ເປັນຊາວຊີແອດເຕິນໂດຍກຳເນີດ ບໍລິສັດຄ້າຍ່ອຍທາງອິນເຕີເນັດ [[ອາເມຊອນ (ບໍລິສັດ)|ອາເມຊອນ]]ກໍ່ຕັ້ງທີ່ຊີແອດເຕິນໃນປີ ຄ.ສ 1994 ແລະ ສາຍການບິນຫຼັກຢ່າງ[[ອາລາສະກາແອລາຍ]] ໃຫ້ບໍລິການທີ່[[ສະໜາມບິນສາກົນຊີແອດເຕິນ–ທາໂຄມາ]]ຊຶ່ງເປັນສະໜາມບິນຫຼັກຂອງເມືອງ ການສະຕຣີມຂອງລະບົບຊອບແວໃໝ່ [[ນາໂນເຕັກໂນໂລຊີ]] ແລະ ບໍລິສັດອິນເຕີເນັດ ມີສ່ວນຊ່ວຍໃຫ້ເກີດການຟື້ນຕົວທາງເສດຖະກິດ ຊຶ່ງເຮັດໃຫ້ປະຊາກອນຂອງເມືອງເພີ່ມຂຶ້ນເກືອບ 50,000 ຄົນໃນໄລຍະລະຫວ່າງປີ 1990 ຫາ 2000. ຊີແອດເຕິນມີປະຫວັດສາດທາງດົນຕີທີ່ໂດດເດັ່ນ ໂດຍໃນໄລຍະປີ ຄ.ສ 1918 ຫາ 1951 ມີວົງ[[ແຈສ]]ທີ່ຫຼິ້ນດົນຕີກາງຄືນໃນຖະໜົນແຈັກສັນ ຕັ້ງແຕ່ເຂດໄຊນາທາວ/ນານາຊາດໄປຈົນຮອດເຂດເຊັນທຣັນ. ການຫຼິ້ນດົນຕີແຈສເຮັດໃຫ້ຫຼາຍຄົນມີເສັ້ນທາງອາຊີບທີ່ດີຂຶ້ນ ບໍ່ວ່າຈະເປັນ ເຣ ຊານສ໌, ຄວິນຊີ ໂຈນສ໌ ແລະ ເອີເນດສະຕາຍ ແອນເດີສັນ. ຊີແອດເຕິນຍັງເປັນບ້ານເກີດຂອງນັກດົນຕີຣັອກ [[ຈິມິ ເຮັນດຣິກຊ໌]] ແລະ ເປັນຖິ່ນກຳເນີດຂອງວົງ[[ເນີວານາ]], [[ເພີນແຈມ]], [[ຊາວກາເດັນ]], [[ອະລິດຊ໌ອິນເຊນສ໌]], [[ຟູໄຟເຕີສ໌]] ແລະ ດົນຕີແນວ[[ກຣັນ]].<ref name=Seattle_Sound>{{cite book|last=Heylin|first=Clinton|title=Babylon's Burning: From Punk to Grunge|publisher=Conongate|year=2007|isbn=978-1-84195-879-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/babylonsburningf0000heyl/page/606 606]|url=https://archive.org/details/babylonsburningf0000heyl/page/606}}</ref> == ພູມອາກາດ == ຊີແອດເຕິນມີລັກສະນະ[[ພູມອາກາດແບບເມດີແຕຣາເນ]] ຕາມ[[ການແບ່ງເຂດພູມອາກາດແບບເຄີບເປີນ]] ແຕ່ໃນການແບ່ງເຂດພູມອາກາດແບບອື່ນໆ (ເຊັ່ນ Trewartha) ອາດຖືກຈັດໃຫ້ມີລັກສະນະ[[ພູມອາກາດແບບອົບອຸ່ນຊຸ່ມພາກພື້ນສະໝຸດ]]. ລະດູຮ້ອນມີອາກາດອົບອຸ່ນ ຂ້ອນຂ້າງແຫ້ງ ແລະ ທ້ອງຟ້າແຈ່ມໃສເປັນສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ ອຸນຫະພູມສະເລ່ຍລະຫວ່າງ 14-25 ອົງສາເຊນຊຽດໃນເດືອນກໍລະກົດ ແລະ ເດືອນສິງຫາ ຂະນະທີ່ລະດູໜາວມີອາກາດເຢັນ, ຝົນຕົກຫຼາຍ ແລະ ທ້ອງຟ້າຄື້ມເປັນສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ ອຸນຫະພູມສະເລ່ຍລະຫວ່າງ 3-8 ອົງສາເຊນຊຽດໃນເດືອນທັນວາ. ຊີແອດເຕິນເປັນໜຶ່ງໃນເມືອງທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບຜົນກະທົບຈາກຄື້ນຄວາມຮ້ອນທີ່ປົກຄຸມຝັ່ງຕາເວັນຕົກຂອງທະວີບອາເມຣິກາເໜືອປີ ຄ.ສ 2021 ຊຶ່ງເປັນຜົນມາຈາກປາກົດການ[[ໂດມຄວາມຮ້ອນ]] ໂດຍອຸນຫະພູມສູງສຸດຕະຫຼອດການວັດໄດ້ 108 ອົງສາຟາເຣັນຮາຍ (42.2 ອົງສາເຊນຊຽດ) ເມື່ອວັນທີ 28 ມິຖຸນາ ຄ.ສ 2021<ref>{{Cite web |title=Astounding heat obliterates all-time records across the Pacific Northwest and Western Canada in June 2021 |url=https://www.climate.gov/news-features/event-tracker/astounding-heat-obliterates-all-time-records-across-pacific-northwest |access-date=2026-07-12 |website=climate.gov |language=en}}</ref> ແມ່ນວ່າຊີແອດເຕິນຈະມີຝົນຕົກຫຼາຍກວ່າຫຼາຍເມືອງໃຫຍ່ໃນສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ ຊຶ່ງຢູ່ທີ 156 ມື້ຕໍ່ປີ ແຕ່ປະລິມານຢາກນໍ້າຟ້າລວມທັງປີກໍຍັງໜ້ອຍກວ່າຫຼາຍເມືອງທາງຝັ່ງຕາເວັນອອກຂອງສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ ຊຶ່ງຢູ່ທີ 1,000 ມິນລີແມັດ ຂະນະທີ່[[ຫິມະ]]ໃນຊີແອດເຕີລພົບໄດ້ບໍ່ຫຼາຍ ແລະ ມີແສງແດດລວມທັງປີປະມານ 2,100 ຊົ່ວໂມງ. {{Weather box |location = ຊີແອດເຕິນ (ສະໜາມບິນສາກົນຊີແອດເຕິນ-ທາໂຄມາ) (ຄ່າປົກກະຕິ 1991-2020; ຄ່າສຸດຂີດ 1945-ປັດຈຸບັນ) |single line = Yes |Jan record high F = 64 |Feb record high F = 70 |Mar record high F = 79 |Apr record high F = 89 |May record high F = 93 |Jun record high F = 108 |Jul record high F = 103 |Aug record high F = 99 |Sep record high F = 98 |Oct record high F = 89 |Nov record high F = 74 |Dec record high F = 66 |Jan high F = 48.0 |Feb high F = 50.3 |Mar high F = 54.2 |Apr high F = 59.3 |May high F = 66.3 |Jun high F = 71.1 |Jul high F = 77.4 |Aug high F = 77.6 |Sep high F = 71.6 |Oct high F = 60.5 |Nov high F = 52.1 |Dec high F = 47.0 |Jan mean F = 42.8 |Feb mean F = 44.0 |Mar mean F = 47.1 |Apr mean F = 51.3 |May mean F = 57.5 |Jun mean F = 62.0 |Jul mean F = 67.1 |Aug mean F = 67.4 |Sep mean F = 62.6 |Oct mean F = 53.8 |Nov mean F = 46.5 |Dec mean F = 42.0 |Jan low F = 37.7 |Feb low F = 37.7 |Mar low F = 39.9 |Apr low F = 43.3 |May low F = 48.7 |Jun low F = 53.0 |Jul low F = 56.8 |Aug low F = 57.2 |Sep low F = 53.6 |Oct low F = 47.0 |Nov low F = 40.9 |Dec low F = 37.1 |Jan record low F = 0 |Feb record low F = 1 |Mar record low F = 11 |Apr record low F = 29 |May record low F = 28 |Jun record low F = 38 |Jul record low F = 43 |Aug record low F = 44 |Sep record low F = 35 |Oct record low F = 28 |Nov record low F = 6 |Dec record low F = 6 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation inch = 5.78 |Feb precipitation inch = 3.76 |Mar precipitation inch = 4.17 |Apr precipitation inch = 3.18 |May precipitation inch = 1.88 |Jun precipitation inch = 1.45 |Jul precipitation inch = 0.60 |Aug precipitation inch = 0.97 |Sep precipitation inch = 1.61 |Oct precipitation inch = 3.91 |Nov precipitation inch = 6.31 |Dec precipitation inch = 5.72 |Jan humidity = 78.0 |Feb humidity = 75.2 |Mar humidity = 73.6 |Apr humidity = 71.4 |May humidity = 68.9 |Jun humidity = 67.1 |Jul humidity = 65.4 |Aug humidity = 68.2 |Sep humidity = 73.2 |Oct humidity = 78.6 |Nov humidity = 79.8 |Dec humidity = 80.1 |unit precipitation days = 0.01 ນິ້ວ |Jan precipitation days = 18.7 |Feb precipitation days = 15.9 |Mar precipitation days = 17.1 |Apr precipitation days = 15.0 |May precipitation days = 11.3 |Jun precipitation days = 9.2 |Jul precipitation days = 4.7 |Aug precipitation days = 4.9 |Sep precipitation days = 8.3 |Oct precipitation days = 14.3 |Nov precipitation days = 18.4 |Dec precipitation days = 18.4 |Jan snow inch = 1.8 |Feb snow inch = 2.2 |Mar snow inch = 0.4 |Apr snow inch = 0.0 |May snow inch = 0.0 |Jun snow inch = 0.0 |Jul snow inch = 0.0 |Aug snow inch = 0.0 |Sep snow inch = 0.0 |Oct snow inch = 0.0 |Nov snow inch = 0.2 |Dec snow inch = 1.7 |unit snow days = 0.1 ນິ້ວ |Jan snow days = 1.4 |Feb snow days = 1.2 |Mar snow days = 0.4 |Apr snow days = 0.0 |May snow days = 0.0 |Jun snow days = 0.0 |Jul snow days = 0.0 |Aug snow days = 0.0 |Sep snow days = 0.0 |Oct snow days = 0.0 |Nov snow days = 0.2 |Dec snow days = 1.5 |Jan sun = 69.8 |Feb sun = 108.8 |Mar sun = 178.4 |Apr sun = 207.3 |May sun = 253.7 |Jun sun = 268.4 |Jul sun = 312.0 |Aug sun = 281.4 |Sep sun = 221.7 |Oct sun = 142.6 |Nov sun = 72.7 |Dec sun = 52.9 |source 1= [[ອົງການບໍລິຫານມະຫາສະໝຸດ ແລະ ຊັ້ນບັນຍາກາດແຫ່ງຊາດ|NOAA]] (ຄ່າປົກກະຕິ ແລະ ຄ່າສຸດຂີດ)<ref>{{Cite web |title=NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data |url=https://www.weather.gov/wrh/Climate?wfo=sew |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=weather.gov |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Summary of Monthly Normals 1991-2020 |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00024233&format=pdf |access-date=2026-01-17 |website=NOAA |language=en}}</ref>, (ຄວາມຊຸ່ມ ແລະ ແສງແດດ 1961-1990)<ref>{{Cite web |title=SEATTLE/SEATTLE-TACOMA INTL A,WA |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/normals-old/WMO/1961-1990/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP4/72793.TXT |website=NOAA |access-date=2026-06-14}}</ref> }} == ເມືອງພີ່ນ້ອງ == ຊີແອດເຕິນມີເມືອງພີ່ນ້ອງດັ່ງຕໍ່ໄປນີ້:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.seattle.gov/oir/sister-cities/about-seattle-sister-cities |title=About Seattle's Sister Cities |publisher=Office of International Relations |location=Seattle }}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=15em}} *{{flagicon|Israel}} [[Beersheba|ເບຍເຊບາ]], ປະເທດອິນສະຣາແອນ *{{flagicon|Norway}} [[Bergen|ແບກເກັນ]], ປະເທດນອກແວ *{{flagicon|Philippines}} [[Cebu City|ເຊບູ ຊິຕີ]], ປະເທດຟີລິບປິນ *{{flagicon|China}} [[Chongqing|ຊົງຊິ່ງ]], ປະເທດຈີນ *{{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Christchurch|ຄຣິດສະເຊີດ]], ປະເທດນູແວນເຊລັງ *{{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Daejeon|ແດຈິອຸນ]], ປະເທດເກົາຫຼີໃຕ້ *{{flagicon|Ireland}} [[Galway|ການເວ]], ປະເທດອຽກລັງ *{{flagicon|Poland}} [[Gdynia|ກາດີເນຍ]], ປະເທດໂປໂລຍ *{{flagicon|Vietnam}} [[Haiphong|ຮາຍຟອງ]], ປະເທດຫວຽດນາມ *{{flagicon|Taiwan}} [[Kaohsiung|ເກົາຊຸງ]], ປະເທດໄຕ້ຫວັນ *{{flagicon|Japan}} [[Kobe|ໂກເບ]], ປະເທດຍີ່ປຸ່ນ *{{flagicon|Cameroon}} [[Limbe, Cameroon|ລິມເບ]], ປະເທດກາເມີຣູນ *{{flagicon|Kenya}} [[Mombasa|ມອມບາຊາ]], ປະເທດເຄັນຍາ *{{flagicon|France}} [[Nantes|ນັງ]], ປະເທດຝຣັ່ງ *{{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Pécs|ເປັກ]], ປະເທດຮົງກາລີ *{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Perugia|ເປຣູຈາ]], ປະເທດອິຕາລີ *{{flagicon|Iceland}} [[Reykjavík|ເຣກຍາວິກ]], ປະເທດອິດສະລັງ *{{flagicon|Cambodia}} [[Sihanoukville|ສີຫະນຸວິວ]], ປະເທດກຳປູເຈຍ *{{flagicon|Indonesia}} [[Surabaya|ຊູຣາບາຢາ]], ປະເທດອິນໂດເນເຊຍ *{{flagicon|Uzbekistan}} [[Tashkent|ທາສເຄນ]], ປະເທດອຸດສະເບກິດສະຖານ<ref>{{cite web |last=Long |first=Priscilla |title=Seattle-Tashkent Peace Park in Uzbekistan is dedicated in Tashkent and at Seattle Center on September 12, 1988. |website=HistoryLink.org |date=September 12, 1988 |url=https://historylink.org/File/3595 |access-date=July 22, 2022 }}</ref> {{div col end}} == ອ້າງອີງ == {{ລາຍການອ້າງອີງ}} == ແຫຼ່ງຂໍ້ມູນອື່ນ == {{sister project links |b=no |q=no |v=no|voy=Seattle}} * {{official website|http://www.seattle.gov/ |name=Official website of the City of Seattle}} * [http://www.historylink.org/ Historylink.org], history of Seattle and Washington * [http://content.lib.washington.edu/seattleweb/index.html Seattle Photographs from the University of Washington Digital Collections] * [http://cdm15015.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/landingpage/collection/p15015coll4 Seattle Historic Photograph Collection from the Seattle Public Library] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023064210/http://cdm15015.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/landingpage/collection/p15015coll4 |date=2013-10-23 }} * [http://depts.washington.edu/civilr/index.htm Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project] * [http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/seattle/ Seattle, a National Park Service ''Discover Our Shared Heritage'' Travel Itinerary] [[ໝວດ:ເມືອງໃນລັດວໍຊິງຕັນ]] 7slnesat64vkjih0ez0nacgr216545w 0 24867 130110 127475 2026-08-20T20:13:34Z InternetArchiveBot 13695 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 130110 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiple image|align=right|direction=vertical|image1=Leopard_africa.jpg|caption1=[[ເສືອດາວອາຟຣິກາ]] (''Panthera pardus pardus'') ເປັນ ''ສະປີຊີຍ່ອຍຕົ້ນແບບ'' (nominotypical subspecies) ຂອງ [[ເສືອດາວ]] ເຊິ່ງເປັນສັດປະຈຳຖິ່ນຂອງອາຟຣິກາ<ref name="Catsg2017">{{cite journal |last1=Kitchener |first1=A. C. |last2=Breitenmoser-Würsten |first2=C. |last3=Eizirik |first3=E. |last4=Gentry |first4=A. |last5=Werdelin |first5=L. |last6=Wilting |first6=A. |last7=Yamaguchi |first7=N. |last8=Abramov |first8=A. V. |last9=Christiansen |first9=P. |last10=Driscoll |first10=C. |last11=Duckworth |first11=J. W. |last12=Johnson |first12=W. |last13=Luo |first13=S.-J. |last14=Meijaard |first14=E. |last15=O’Donoghue |first15=P. |last16=Sanderson |first16=J. |last17=Seymour |first17=K. |last18=Bruford |first18=M. |last19=Groves |first19=C. |last20=Hoffmann |first20=M. |last21=Nowell |first21=K. |last22=Timmons |first22=Z. |last23=Tobe |first23=S. |date=2017 |title=A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group |journal=Cat News |volume=Special Issue 11 |pages=66−69 |hdl = 10088/32616 }}</ref>|image2=Sumatran Tiger 4 (6964676168).jpg|caption2=[[ເສືອໂຄ່ງຈາວາ]]ແລະ[[ເສືອໂຄ່ງສຸມາຕຣາ]] (''P. tigris sondaica'') ເປັນສະປີຊີຍ່ອຍຂອງ[[ເສືອໂຄ່ງ]] ແລະເປັນສັດປະຈຳຖິ່ນຂອງ[[ໝູ່ເກາະຊຸນດາ]]<ref name="Catsg2017"/>|image3=}} '''ສະປີຊີຍ່ອຍ''' ({{langx|en|subspecies|italic=no}}; ຫຍໍ້: subsp. ຫຼື ssp.) ໃນການຈຳແນກທາງຊີວະສາດ ໝາຍເຖິງ ກຸ່ມປະຊາກອນໜຶ່ງໃນສອງກຸ່ມ ຫຼື ຫຼາຍກວ່າຂອງສິ່ງມີຊີວິດ[[ສະປີຊີ]]ດຽວກັນ ທີ່ອາໄສຢູ່ໃນເຂດຍ່ອຍທີ່ແຕກຕ່າງກັນ (ພາຍໃນເຂດກະຈາຍພັນຂອງສະປີຊີນັ້ນ) ແລະມີຄວາມແຕກຕ່າງກັນຂອງລັກສະນະທາງສັນຖານວິທະຍາປີກຍ່ອຍ<ref>{{cite journal|author=Mayr, E.|year=1982|title=Of what use are subspecies?|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_auk_1982-07_99_3/page/593|journal=The Auk|volume=99|issue=3|pages=593−595}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Monroe, B. L.|year=1982|title=A modern concept of the subspecies|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_auk_1982-07_99_3/page/608|journal=The Auk|volume=99|issue=3|pages=608−609}}</ref> ເຊິ່ງບໍ່ສາມາດຈຳແນກສະປີຊີຍ່ອຍດ່ຽວອອກເປັນສະປີຊີໃໝ່ໄດ້ຢ່າງອິດສະຫຼະ. ຄວາມແຕກຕ່າງຂອງສະປີຊີຍ່ອຍມັກຈະຢູ່ທີ່ລວດລາຍ, ສີສັນ ຫຼື ຂະໜາດຂອງຮ່າງກາຍ ອັນເນື່ອງມາຈາກສະພາບພູມສັນຖານທີ່ຢູ່ອາໄສທີ່ແຕກຕ່າງກັນ. ຕາມລະບຽບສາກົນຂອງລະບົບການຕັ້ງຊື່ສະປີຊີຍ່ອຍຂອງ[[ສັດ]]ໃຊ້[[ຊື່ສາມພາກສ່ວນ]] (trinomial name). ໃນທາງ[[ພຶກສາສາດ]], [[ວິທະຍາເຊື້ອລາ]] ແລະ[[ວິທະຍາແບັກທີເຣຍ]] ໃຊ້ຄຳຫຍໍ້ "subsp." ຫຼື "ssp." ຕາມດ້ວຍຊື່ສະປີຊີຍ່ອຍ. ສິ່ງມີຊີວິດສະປີຊີໜຶ່ງອາດໄດ້ຮັບການລະບຸວ່າບໍ່ມີສະປີຊີຍ່ອຍເລີຍ ຫຼືມີຢ່າງນ້ອຍສອງສະປີຊີຍ່ອຍເຊິ່ງລວມທັງທີ່ສູນພັນແລ້ວ. ໃນການຈຳແນກສະປີຊີຍ່ອຍ ນັກອະນຸກົມວິທານຕັດສິນໃຈຈາກເກນຢ່າງງ່າຍໃນການຈຳແນກກຸ່ມປະຊາກອນທີ່ແຕກຕ່າງກັນສອງກຸ່ມໃຫ້ເປັນສະປີຊີຍ່ອຍຫຼືສະປີຊີ ຄືຄວາມສາມາດໃນການຜະສົມຂ້າມພັນ. (ຫາກຜະສົມຂ້າມກັນໄດ້ແມ້ວ່າທາຍາດຕົວຜູ້ບາງຕົວອາດເປັນໝັນ ອາດນັບເປັນສະປີຊີຍ່ອຍ)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Species - Speciation|url=https://www.britannica.com/science/species-taxon|access-date=2021-04-20|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref> ໃນທຳມະຊາດສະປີຊີຍ່ອຍຈະບໍ່ຜະສົມຂ້າມພັນກັນເນື່ອງຈາກຄວາມໂດດດ່ຽວທາງພູມສາດຫຼື[[ການເລືອກທາງເພດ]]. ຄວາມແຕກຕ່າງລະຫວ່າງສະປີຊີຍ່ອຍມັກຈະແຕກຕ່າງກັນນ້ອຍກວ່າຄວາມແຕກຕ່າງລະຫວ່າງສະປີຊີ. == ອ້າງອີງ == {{ລາຍການອ້າງອີງ}} [[ໝວດ:ຊີວະສາດ]] dlel6r69jg9pf7j71quf6a4ee2mis7c 0 24917 130107 129769 2026-08-20T20:08:43Z InternetArchiveBot 13695 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260820sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 130107 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ປິຕາທິປະໄຕ''' ({{lang-en|Patriarchy}}) ຫລື '''ລະບົບຊາຍເປັນໃຫຍ່''' ແມ່ນລະບົບສັງຄົມທີ່ຜູ້ຊາຍມີອຳນາດຫຼັກ ແລະ ຄອບຄອງບົດບາດຄວາມເປັນຜູ້ນຳທາງການເມືອງ, ສິດທິອຳນາດທາງສິນທຳ, ເອກະສິດທາງສັງຄົມ ແລະ ການຄວບຄຸມຊັບສິນ. ໃນລະດັບຄອບຄົວ, ຜູ້ເປັນພໍ່ ຫຼື ຕົວແທນທີ່ເປັນເພດຊາຍຈະມີອຳນາດເໜືອຜູ້ຍິງ ແລະ ເດັກນ້ອຍ. ບາງສັງຄົມທີ່ເປັນປິຕາທິປະໄຕຍັງມີລັກສະນະການສືບເຊື້ອສາຍທາງຝ່າຍຊາຍ ເຊິ່ງຊັບສິນ ແລະ ຖານະທາງສັງຄົມຈະຖືກສືບທອດຈາກພໍ່ໄປຫາລູກຊາຍ.<ref>{{cite book |last=Walby |first=Sylvia |title=Theorizing Patriarchy |url=https://archive.org/details/theorizingpatria0000walb |publisher=Blackwell Publishers |year=1990 |isbn=978-0631147688 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/theorizingpatria0000walb/page/17 17]-20}}</ref> ໃນທາງສັງຄົມວິທະຍາ ແລະ ທິດສະດີສະຕີນິຍົມ (Feminist theory), ຄຳວ່າປິຕາທິປະໄຕຖືກໃຊ້ເພື່ອອະທິບາຍເຖິງໂຄງສ້າງທາງສັງຄົມທີ່ກວ້າງຂວາງ ເຊິ່ງບໍ່ພຽງແຕ່ເປັນການກະທຳຂອງບຸກຄົນເທົ່ານັ້ນ, ແຕ່ເປັນລະບົບສະຖາບັນທີ່ໃຫ້ສິດທິພິເສດແກ່ເພດຊາຍ ແລະ ກົດຂີ່ທາງເພດອື່ນໆ (ໂດຍສະເພາະແມ່ຍິງ).<ref>{{cite book |last=Johnson |first=Allan G. |title=The Gender Knot: Unraveling Our Patriarchal Legacy |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_2901592133832 |publisher=Temple University Press |year=2005 |edition=Revised |isbn=978-1592133840 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_2901592133832/page/27 27]-29}}</ref> == ທີ່ມາຂອງຄຳ ແລະ ນິຣຸກຕິສາດ == ຄຳວ່າ "Patriarchy" ມາຈາກພາສາເກຣັກບູຮານ ຄຳວ່າ ''patriarkhēs'' (πατριάρχης), ເຊິ່ງໝາຍເຖິງ "ບິດາ ຫຼື ຫົວໜ້າຄອບຄົວ". ເຊິ່ງເກີດຈາກການປະສົມຄຳລະຫວ່າງ ''patria'' (πατριά) ໝາຍເຖິງ "ເຊື້ອສາຍ" ຫຼື "ຄອບຄົວ" ແລະ ''arkhein'' (ἄρχειν) ໝາຍເຖິງ "ການປົກຄອງ" ຫລື "ຜູ້ມີອຳນາດ".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/patriarchy |title=Etymology of patriarchy |website=Online Etymology Dictionary |access-date=May 23, 2026}}</ref> ໃນເບື້ອງຕົ້ນ, ຄຳນີ້ຖືກນຳໃຊ້ເພື່ອອະທິບາຍເຖິງລະບົບການປົກຄອງຄອບຄົວທີ່ຜູ້ຊາຍອາວຸໂສທີ່ສຸດເປັນຜູ້ຕັດສິນໃຈທຸກຢ່າງ, ແຕ່ໃນຊຸມປີ 1960 ແລະ 1970 ນັກວິຊາການຝ່າຍສະຕີນິຍົມ (Second-wave feminism) ໄດ້ຂະຫຍາຍຄວາມໝາຍເພື່ອໃຫ້ຄອບຄຸມເຖິງລະບົບສັງຄົມທັງໝົດ. == ປະຫວັດສາດ ແລະ ຕົ້ນກຳເນີດ == ນັກປະຫວັດສາດ, ນັກມະນຸດສະວິທະຍາ ແລະ ນັກບູຮານຄະດີ ສ່ວນໃຫຍ່ເຫັນດີວ່າ ລະບົບຊາຍເປັນໃຫຍ່ບໍ່ໄດ້ເປັນສິ່ງທີ່ມີມາແຕ່ກຳເນີດຂອງມະນຸດຊາດ ຫຼື ເປັນກົດເກນທາງຊີວະວິທະຍາ, ແຕ່ເປັນຜົນຜະລິດຈາກການພັດທະນາທາງປະຫວັດສາດ ແລະ ວັດທະນະທຳ. ການສຶກສາທີ່ສຳຄັນທີ່ສຸດໃນປະເດັນນີ້ຄືຜົນງານຂອງ [[ເກີດາ ເລີເນີ]] ໃນປຶ້ມຊື່ດັງ ''The Creation of Patriarchy'' (1986). ເລີເນີອະທິບາຍວ່າ ປິຕາທິປະໄຕ ເລີ່ມກໍ່ຕົວຂຶ້ນໃນຍຸກຫີນໃໝ່ເມື່ອມະນຸດປ່ຽນຈາກການລ່າສັດ-ເກັບຫາອາຫານມາເປັນສັງຄົມກະສິກຳ. ເມື່ອມະນຸດເລີ່ມມີການສະສົມຊັບສິນ, ທີ່ດິນ ແລະ ສັດລ້ຽງ, ຄວາມຕ້ອງການໃນການຄວບຄຸມແຮງງານ (ໂດຍສະເພາະຄວາມສາມາດໃນການສືບພັນຂອງແມ່ຍິງເພື່ອຜະລິດກຳລັງແຮງງານ) ຈຶ່ງເກີດຂຶ້ນ. ຂະບວນການນີ້ໃຊ້ເວລາຫຼາຍກວ່າ 2,500 ປີ ຕັ້ງແຕ່ປະມານ 3100 ຫາ 600 ປີ ກ່ອນ ຄ.ສ. ໃນພາກພື້ນ[[ເມໂຊໂປຕາມີ]] (Mesopotamia).<ref>{{cite book |last=Lerner |first=Gerda |title=The Creation of Patriarchy |url=https://archive.org/details/creationofpatria0000lern |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1986 |isbn=978-0195051858 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/creationofpatria0000lern/page/8 8]-11, 212-216}}</ref> ພ້ອມກັນນັ້ນ, ການເກີດຂຶ້ນຂອງລັດ, ການທະຫານ ແລະ ສາສະໜາທີ່ມີພະເຈົ້າອົງດຽວເປັນເພດຊາຍ ກໍ່ຍິ່ງເປັນການສ້າງຄວາມຊອບທຳໃຫ້ກັບອຳນາດຂອງຜູ້ຊາຍໃນສັງຄົມ.<ref>{{cite book |last=Boulding |first=Elise |title=The Underside of History: A View of Women through Time |publisher=Sage Publications |year=1976 |isbn=978-0803902131 |pages=152-155}}</ref> == ທິດສະດີສະຕີນິຍົມ ແລະ ສັງຄົມວິທະຍາ == ນັກສັງຄົມວິທະຍາຊີ້ໃຫ້ເຫັນວ່າ ປິຕາທິປະໄຕ ແຝງຕົວຢູ່ໃນທຸກໂຄງສ້າງຂອງສັງຄົມມະນຸດປັດຈຸບັນ. ນັກທິດສະດີສະຕີນິຍົມແບ່ງແຍກການເຮັດວຽກຂອງລະບົບນີ້ອອກເປັນຫຼາຍມິຕິ: === ໂຄງສ້າງ 6 ປະການຂອງ ຊິລເວຍ ວໍລບີ === [[ຊິລເວຍ ວໍລບີ]] ນັກສັງຄົມວິທະຍາຊາວອັງກິດ ໄດ້ສະເໜີໂຄງສ້າງຫຼັກ 6 ປະການທີ່ເຮັດໃຫ້ລະບົບປິຕາທິປະໄຕຍັງຄົງຢູ່ໄດ້ແກ່:<ref>{{cite journal |last=Walby |first=Sylvia |title=Theorising Patriarchy |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_sociology-the-journal-of-the-british-sociological-assoc_1989-05_23_2/page/n48 |journal=Sociology |volume=23 |issue=2 |year=1989 |pages=213-234 |doi=10.1177/0038038589023002004}}</ref> # '''ຮູບແບບການຜະລິດໃນຄົວເຮືອນ:''' ຜູ້ຍິງມັກຈະຕ້ອງຮັບຜິດຊອບວຽກບ້ານ ແລະ ການລ້ຽງດູລູກໂດຍບໍ່ໄດ້ຮັບຄ່າຕອບແທນ. # '''ການຈ້າງງານ:''' ຜູ້ຍິງມັກຈະໄດ້ຮັບຄ່າຈ້າງໜ້ອຍກວ່າ, ຖືກກີດກັນຈາກຕຳແໜ່ງບໍລິຫານ ແລະ ຕ້ອງເຮັດວຽກໃນຂະແໜງທີ່ໄດ້ຮັບຄ່າຕອບແທນຕ່ຳ. # '''ລັດປິຕາທິປະໄຕ:''' ນະໂຍບາຍ ແລະ ກົດໝາຍຂອງລັດມັກຈະເອື້ອປະໂຫຍດໃຫ້ກັບຜູ້ຊາຍ. # '''ຄວາມຮຸນແຮງຂອງຜູ້ຊາຍ:''' ການໃຊ້ຄວາມຮຸນແຮງທາງເພດ ແລະ ຄວາມຮຸນແຮງໃນຄອບຄົວເປັນເຄື່ອງມືໃນການຄວບຄຸມຜູ້ຍິງ. # '''ເພດວິຖີ (Sexuality):''' ມາດຕະຖານສອງຊັ້ນທາງເພດທີ່ຄາດຫວັງໃຫ້ຜູ້ຍິງຕ້ອງຮັກສານວນສະຫງວນ, ຂະນະທີ່ຍົກຍ້ອງປະສົບການທາງເພດຂອງຜູ້ຊາຍ. # '''ວັດທະນະທຳ ແລະ ສະຖາບັນ:''' ສື່ມວນຊົນ, ການສຶກສາ, ແລະ ສາສະໜາ ທີ່ຜະລິດຊ້ຳຄວາມຄິດທີ່ວ່າຜູ້ຊາຍເໜືອກວ່າຜູ້ຍິງ. === ຜົນກະທົບຕໍ່ຜູ້ຊາຍ (Toxic Masculinity) === ນັກຄິດເຊັ່ນ [[ແບລ ຮຸກສ໌]] ໄດ້ໂຕ້ແຍ້ງວ່າ ປິຕາທິປະໄຕ ບໍ່ພຽງແຕ່ທຳລາຍຜູ້ຍິງເທົ່ານັ້ນ ແຕ່ຍັງເປັນອັນຕະລາຍຕໍ່ຜູ້ຊາຍເອງດ້ວຍ. ລະບົບນີ້ບັງຄັບໃຫ້ເດັກຊາຍຕ້ອງຕັດຂາດຈາກອາລົມຄວາມຮູ້ສຶກຂອງຕົນເອງ, ຫ້າມສະແດງຄວາມອ່ອນແອ (ເຊັ່ນ: ການຮ້ອງໄຫ້) ແລະ ຕ້ອງໃຊ້ຄວາມກ້າວລ້າວເພື່ອພິສູດ "ຄວາມເປັນຊາຍ". ສິ່ງນີ້ມັກນຳໄປສູ່ບັນຫາສຸຂະພາບຈິດ, ການຂ້າຕົວຕາຍ ແລະ ຄວາມໂດດດ່ຽວໃນກຸ່ມຜູ້ຊາຍ.<ref>{{cite book |last=hooks |first=bell |title=The Will to Change: Men, Masculinity, and Love |url=https://archive.org/details/willtochangemenm00hook |publisher=Atria Books |year=2004 |isbn=978-0743456081 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/willtochangemenm00hook/page/18 17]-19, 30-34}}</ref> == ສັນຍາທາງເພດ (The Sexual Contract) == ນັກລັດຖະສາດ [[ແຄໂຣລ ເພດແມນ]] (Carole Pateman) ໃນປຶ້ມ ''The Sexual Contract'' (1988) ອະທິບາຍວ່າ ແນວຄິດສັນຍາປະຊາຄົມ (Social Contract) ຂອງນັກຄິດຍຸກແສງສະຫວ່າງທາງປັນຍາ (ເຊັ່ນ: [[ຈອນ ລັອກ]] ຫຼື [[ຊັງ-ຊາກ ຣູໂຊ|ຊັງ'''-'''ຊາກ ຣູໂຊ]]) ເຊິ່ງອ້າງວ່າສັງຄົມເກີດຈາກສັນຍາລະຫວ່າງບຸກຄົນທີ່ເທົ່າທຽມກັນນັ້ນ ໃນຄວາມເປັນຈິງແລ້ວໄດ້ກີດກັນແມ່ຍິງອອກໄປ. ລະບົບສັງຄົມຍຸກໃໝ່ຈຶ່ງຖືກສ້າງຂຶ້ນເທິງ "ສັນຍາທາງເພດ" ທີ່ຜູ້ຊາຍຕົກລົງຮ່ວມກັນເພື່ອແບ່ງປັນອຳນາດເໜືອຜູ້ຍິງ.<ref>{{cite book |last=Pateman |first=Carole |title=The Sexual Contract |url=https://archive.org/details/sexualcontract0000pate |publisher=Stanford University Press |year=1988 |isbn=978-0804714778 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/sexualcontract0000pate/page/1 1]-5}}</ref> == ການທັບຊ້ອນກັນຂອງຄວາມກົດຂີ່ (Intersectionality) == ໃນທ້າຍສະຕະວັດທີ 20, ໄດ້ມີການພັດທະນາທິດສະດີທາງແນວຄິດວ່າ ປິຕາທິປະໄຕ ບໍ່ໄດ້ເຮັດວຽກຢ່າງໂດດດ່ຽວ, ແຕ່ມັນທັບຊ້ອນ ແລະ ສົ່ງເສີມກັນກັບລະບົບການກົດຂີ່ອື່ນໆ ເຊັ່ນ: [[ການຢຽດເຊື້ອຊາດ]], [[ລັດທິທຶນນິຍົມ]], [[ຈັກກະພັດນິຍົມ]] ແລະ [[ການຢຽດຄົນຮັກຮ່ວມເພດ]]. ແນວຄິດ Intersectionality ເຊິ່ງສະເໜີໂດຍ [[ຄິມເບີລີ ເຄຣນຊໍ]] ຊີ້ໃຫ້ເຫັນວ່າ ແມ່ຍິງທຸກຄົນບໍ່ໄດ້ຮັບຜົນກະທົບຈາກລະບົບຊາຍເປັນໃຫຍ່ໃນລະດັບດຽວກັນ. ຕົວຢ່າງ: ແມ່ຍິງຜິວດຳທີ່ຢູ່ໃນຊົນຊັ້ນກຳມະກອນ ຈະປະເຊີນກັບຄວາມກົດຂີ່ທີ່ແຕກຕ່າງ ແລະ ໜັກໜ່ວງກວ່າແມ່ຍິງຜິວຂາວທີ່ມີຖານະຮັ່ງມີ, ເພາະນາງຕ້ອງປະເຊີນທັງການຢຽດທາງເພດ, ການຢຽດສີຜິວ ແລະ ການຂູດຮີດທາງຊົນຊັ້ນພ້ອມໆກັນ.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Crenshaw |first=Kimberlé |title=Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics |journal=University of Chicago Legal Forum |volume=1989 |issue=1 |year=1989 |pages=139-167}}</ref> == ເບິ່ງເພີ່ມເຕີມ == * [[ສະຕີນິຍົມ]] (Feminism) * [[ບົດບາດຍິງ-ຊາຍ]] (Gender roles) * [[ມາຕາທິປະໄຕ]] (Matriarchy) * [[ຄວາມບໍ່ເທົ່າທຽມທາງເພດ]] (Gender inequality) * [[ມາດຕະຖານຄວາມເປັນຊາຍທີ່ເປັນພິດ]] (Toxic masculinity) == ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ == {{Reflist}} 593pag5ua0wwiazkrv9xdo6edd2krjt 0 25193 130114 130075 2026-08-21T00:22:27Z InternetArchiveBot 13695 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 130114 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox pageant | name = ມິສເຕີອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ | logo = | logosize = 175px | image = | caption = ໂລໂກ້ | type = [[ລາຍການປະກວດຄວາມງາມ|ການປະກວດຊາຍງາມລະດັບສາກົນ]] | franchise_holder = | organization = Mister International Company, Ltd | headquarters = [[ບາງກອກ]], ໄທ | pageant_region = | region_represented = | qualification = | first = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2006}} | recent = 2025 | last = | current_titleholder = | titleholder_represents = | language = ອັງກິດ, ໄທ (ຕັ້ງແຕ່ປີ 2023) | leader_title1 = ປະທານ | leader_name1 = Pradit Pradinunt | leader_title2 = ຮອງປະທານ | leader_name2 = Anthony Santana | leader_title3 = ປະທານເຈົ້າໜ້າທີ່ບໍລິຫານ (CEO) | leader_name3 = Jung-hoon "Ricky" Jeon | leader_title4 = ປະທານເຈົ້າໜ້າທີ່ຝ່າຍປະຕິບັດການ (COO) | leader_name4 = Nicholo Paulo "Pawee" Ventura | predecessor = | successor = | website = {{URL|www.misterinternational.org/}} | leader_title = ຜູ້ກໍ່ຕັ້ງ | leader_name = Alan Sim }} '''ມິສເຕີອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ''' (ອັງກິດ: Mister International) ແມ່ນການປະກວດນາຍແບບຊາຍລະດັບນານາຊາດ ຈັດຂຶ້ນໂດຍອົງກອນ ມິສເຕີອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ ມາຕັ້ງແຕ່ປີ 2006. ໃນອະດີດ ມີສຳນັກງານໃຫຍ່ຢູ່ນະຄອນຫຼວງສິງກະໂປ ໂດຍມີ Alan Sim ເປັນຜູ້ກໍ່ຕັ້ງແລະອະດີດປະທານ. ຫຼັງຈາກການເສຍຊີວິດຂອງ Alan Sim ໄດ້ເກີດອົງກອນມິສເຕີອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລຂຶ້ນມາ 2 ອົງກອນ ໂດຍອົງກອນໜຶ່ງມີສຳນັກງານໃຫຍ່ຢູ່ປະເທດຟີລິບປິນ ແລະອີກອົງກອນໜຶ່ງມີສຳນັກງານໃຫຍ່ຢູ່ປະເທດໄທ. ຕັ້ງແຕ່ປີ 2023 ເປັນຕົ້ນມາ ທັງສອງອົງກອນໄດ້ຈັດການປະກວດແຍກກັນ ແລະເລືອກຜູ້ຊະນະມິສເຕີອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລຂອງຕົນເອງ. ຜູ້ດຳລົງຕຳແໜ່ງ ມິສເຕີອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ ຄົນປັດຈຸບັນແມ່ນ Kirk Bondad ຈາກ [[ຟີລິບປິນ]] ຊຶ່ງໄດ້ຮັບການສວມມົງກຸດເມື່ອວັນທີ 25 ກັນຍາ 2025 ທີ່ MCC Hall ເດິມໍລ໌ ງາມວົງວານ, ນົນທະບູລີ, ປະເທດໄທ. == ປະຫວັດ == '''2006–2021''' ອົງກອນ ມິສເຕີອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ ເຄີຍມີສຳນັກງານໃຫຍ່ຢູ່ສິງກະໂປ ບໍລິຫານງານໂດຍ Alan Sim ຜູ້ກໍ່ຕັ້ງແລະອະດີດປະທານ.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Alan Sim of the Mister International and Mister Singapore Pageants discusses Chicago, Southeast Asian Hospitality, and Mister International 2013|url=http://www.prestigedumonde.com/business/alan-sim-of-mister-international-and-mister-singapore-pageants-discusses-chicago-pageant-life|website = @PRESTIGEDUMONDE|access-date = July 21, 2015|date = May 15, 2013|last = Zavala|first = Jorge G.|publisher = Prestige du Monde (PdM)}}</ref> ນັບຕັ້ງແຕ່ການຈັດການປະກວດຄັ້ງທຳອິດ ມີຫຼາຍກວ່າ 80 ປະເທດສົ່ງຕົວແທນເຂົ້າຮ່ວມ. ອົງກອນໄດ້ໃຫ້ມອບລິຂະສິດແກ່ອົງກອນໃນແຕ່ລະປະເທດທີ່ຕ້ອງການຄັດເລືອກຕົວແທນ. ຕາມທຳນຽມແລ້ວ ຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງມິສເຕີອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລຈະພັກອາໄສຢູ່ສິງກະໂປຕະຫຼອດວາລະ ແລະສາມາດເດີນທາງໄປປະຕິບັດພາລະກິດໄດ້ທົ່ວໂລກ.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.vintersections.com/2017/02/mister-lebanon-paul-iskandar-is-mister.html|title=The Intersections & Beyond: Mister Lebanon Paul Iskandar is Mister International 2016|date=November 22, 2017}}</ref> '''2022–ປັດຈຸບັນ''' ຫຼັງຈາກ Alan Sim ເສຍຊີວິດໃນວັນທີ 12 ຕຸລາ 2022, ໄດ້ເກີດອົງກອນມິສເຕີອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລຂຶ້ນ 2 ສ່ວນ ໂດຍສ່ວນໜຶ່ງໄດ້ຍ້າຍສຳນັກງານໃຫຍ່ມາຢູ່ [[ໄທ]] ບໍລິຫານໂດຍ Pradit Pradinunt ຕັ້ງແຕ່ວັນທີ 31 ຕຸລາ 2022. ເປັນຄັ້ງທຳອິດໃນຮອບ 16 ປີ ທີ່ອົງກອນອະນຸຍາດໃຫ້ຜູ້ຊາຍທີ່ມີລູກແລ້ວ, ແຕ່ງງານແລ້ວ ຫຼື ຢ່າຮ້າງ ສາມາດເຂົ້າຮ່ວມປະກວດໄດ້.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://mb.com.ph/2023/4/3/fathers-married-and-divorced-men-now-allowed-to-join-mister-international-pageant|title=Fathers, married, and divorced men now allowed to join Mister International Pageant|website=[[Manila Bulletin]] |date=April 3, 2023}}</ref> ຢ່າງໃດກໍຕາມ ອີກອົງກອນໜຶ່ງທີ່ມີສຳນັກງານໃຫຍ່ຢູ່ຟີລິບປິນ<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=A case of two Mister International pageants: which one is legit? |url=https://www.pep.ph/news/local/176631/two-mister-international-pageant-a717-20231021 |access-date=November 10, 2024 |work=PEP.ph |publisher=Philippine Entertainment Portal Inc.|language=fil}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cebu to host Mister International 2024 |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/entertainment/showbiznews/news/111223/cebu-to-host-mister-international-2024/story |access-date=November 10, 2024 |website=[[GMA Network]] [[GMA News]] |language=en}}</ref> ກໍໄດ້ຈັດການປະກວດໃນຊື່ດຽວກັນນີ້ຕັ້ງແຕ່ປີ 2023 ເຊັ່ນກັນ.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Almo |first=Nherz |title=Mister International 2023 José Antonio Calle set to return to PH |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/entertainment/celebritylife/news/19466/mister-international-2023-jose-antonio-calle-set-to-return-to-ph/photo |access-date=November 10, 2024 |website=[[GMA Integrated News]] [[GMA News]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=January 16, 2024 |title=José Antonio Calle, Mister International 2023, scheduled to make a comeback to the Philippines – News Press |url=https://newspress.ph/jose-antonio-calle-mister-international-2023-scheduled-to-make-a-comeback-to-the-philippines/ |access-date=November 10, 2024 |language=en-US |archive-date=ພະຈິກ 30, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130084455/https://newspress.ph/jose-antonio-calle-mister-international-2023-scheduled-to-make-a-comeback-to-the-philippines/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 23, 2023 |title=José Calle, primer español en ganar Míster Internacional |url=https://www.hola.com/actualidad/20231023242283/jose-calle-mister-internacional-filipinas/ |access-date=November 10, 2024 |website=¡HOLA! |language=es}}</ref> == ຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 80%; text-align:center;" | ! rowspan="2" |ຄັ້ງທີ ! rowspan="2" |ປີ ! rowspan="2" width="600" |ຜູ້ຊະນະ ! colspan="5" |ຮອງຊະນະເລີດ ! rowspan="2" |ສະຖານທີ່ ! rowspan="2" |ວັນທີ ! rowspan="2" |ຜູ້ເຂົ້າແຂ່ງຂັນ ! rowspan="2" | ອ້າງອີງ |- ! width="600" |ຮອງອັນດັບ 1 ! width="600" |ຮອງອັນດັບ 2 ! width="600" |ຮອງອັນດັບ 3 ! width="600" |ຮອງອັນດັບ 4 ! width="600" |ຮອງອັນດັບ 5 |- | 1 | [[:id:Mister International 2006|2006]] | Wissam Hanna<br>{{flag|ລີບັງ}} | Erbert Javier Delgado<br>{{VEN}} | Konstantinos Avrampos<br>{{flag|ກະແລັດ}} | Karlis Karolis<br>{{flag|ແລດໂຕນີ}} | Chaka Sedgwick<br>{{flag|ສະຫະລັດອາເມລິກາ}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} | [[ສິງກະໂປ]] |7 ຕຸລາ | 18 |<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 25, 2006 |title=Latvijas misters «Mister International 2006» Singapūrā iegūst 3. vietu |url=https://www.vipi.tv/vip/latvija/idn5981/latvijas-misters-mister-international-2006-singapura-iegust-3-vietu/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=Vipi.tv |language=lv}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |title=Past Winners |url=https://www.misterinternational.net/past-winners}}</ref> |- | 2 | [[:id:Mister International 2007|2007]] | Alan Bianco Martini<br>{{BRA}} | Oh Jong Sung<br>{{KOR}} | Aristotelis Bolovinos<br>{{flag|ກະແລັດ}} | Alberto García Gómez<br>{{VEN}} | Bassel Mohammad Abou<br>{{flag|ລີບັງ}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} | ກູຈິງ, [[ມາເລເຊຍ]] |31 ທັນວາ | 17 |<ref>{{Cite news |date=January 1, 2008 |title=Brazil Wins Mister International 2007 |url=https://www.amps/starmometer.com/2008/01/01/brazil-wins-mister-international-2007/amp/ |access-date=October 11, 2024 |work=Star Meter |pages=5 }}{{Dead link|date=ສິງຫາ 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=":0" /> |- | 3 | [[:id:Mister International 2008|2008]] | Ngô Tiến Đoàn<br>{{VNM}} | Mohamad Chamseddine<br>{{flag|ລີບັງ}} | Zhang Lun Shuo<br>{{flag|ຈີນ}} | Mihovil Barun<br>{{flag|ກະໂລອາຊີ}} | Vincent Cleuren<br>{{flag|ໂຮນລັງ}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} | ໄຕ້ໜານ, [[ໄຕ້ຫວັນ]] |24 ພະຈິກ | 30 |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=TTVH |date=November 14, 2008 |title='Nam vương' Tiến Đoàn tham dự Mister International 2008 |url=https://thethaovanhoa.vn/nam-vuong-tien-doan-tham-du-mister-international-2008-20081114015736725.htm |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The Thao Van Hoa Vietnam |language=vi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=November 25, 2008 |title=Vietnamese model wins Mister International 2008 |url=https://english.vov.vn/en/culture/vietnamese-model-wins-mister-international-2008-99610.vov |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=Voice of Vietnam |language=en}}</ref><br><ref>{{Cite news |title=Famous male king left showbiz to teach flying in the US, how is life now? Mister International 2008 |url=https://baomoi.com/nam-vuong-noi-tieng-bo-showbiz-sang-my-day-lai-may-bay-cuoc-song-hien-ra-sao-c50406913.epi}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> |- | 4 | [[:id:Mister International 2009|2009]] | Bruno Kettels<br>{{BOL}} | Hector Soria<br>{{ESP}} | Marcelino Gebrayel<br>{{flag|ລີບັງ}} | Maxime Thomasset<br>{{flag|ຝະລັ່ງ}} | Sebastian Strzepka<br>{{flag|ໂປໂລຍ}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} | ໄຕ້ຈຸ້ງ, [[ໄຕ້ຫວັນ]] |19 ທັນວາ | 29 |<ref name=":0" /> |- | 5 | [[:id:Mister International 2010|2010]] | Ryan Terry<br>{{flag|ບຣິເຕນໃຫຍ່|name=ເກຣດບຣິເຕນ}} | Caio Lucius Ribeiro<br>{{BRA}} | Luis Alberto Macías<br>{{ESP}} | Thomas Sebastian<br>{{flag|ອິນໂດເນເຊຍ}} | Leodion Sulaj<br>{{flag|ກະແລັດ}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} | ຈາການ໌ຕາ, [[ອິນໂດເນເຊຍ]] |30 ພະຈິກ | 40 |<ref name=":0" /> |- | 6 | [[:id:Mister International 2011|2011]] | César Curti<br>{{BRA}} | Martin Gardavsky<br>{{flag|ແຊັກ}} | Steven Yoswara<br>{{flag|ອິນໂດເນເຊຍ}} | Le Khoi Nguyen<br>{{VNM}} | Marco Djelevic Virriat<br>{{flag|ຊູແອດ}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} | rowspan="2" | [[ບາງກອກ]], [[ໄທ]] |17 ທັນວາ | 33 |<ref name=":0" /> |- | 7 | [[:id:Mister International 2012|2012]] | Ali Hammoud<br><small>''(ລາອອກ)''</small><br>{{flag|ລີບັງ}} ----Ron Teh<br><small>''(ດຳລົງຕຳແໜ່ງແທນ)''</small><br>{{SIN}} | Ron Teh<br><small>''(ເລື່ອນຕຳແໜ່ງ)''</small><br>{{SIN}} | Marko Sobot<br>{{flag|ສະໂລເວນີ}} | Ricardo Magrino<br>{{BRA}} | Ján Haraslín<br>{{flag|ສະໂລວາກີ}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |24 ພະຈິກ | 38 |<ref name=":0" /> |- | 8 | [[:vi:Nam vương Quốc tế 2013|2013]] | José Anmer Paredes<br>{{VEN}} | Albern Sultan<br>{{flag|ອິນໂດເນເຊຍ}} | Jhonatan Marko<br>{{BRA}} | Hans Briseño<br>{{flag|ເມັກຊິໂກ}} | Gil Wagas<br>{{flag|ຟີລິບປິນ}} | Antonin Beránek<br>{{flag|ແຊັກ}} | ຈາການ໌ຕາ, [[ອິນໂດເນເຊຍ]] |21 ພະຈິກ | 38 |<ref name=":0" /> |- | 9 | [[Mister International_2014|2014]] | Neil Perez<br>{{PHL}} | Rabih El Zein<br>{{flag|ລີບັງ}} | Tomas Dumbrovsky<br>{{flag|ແຊັກ}} | Rafal Maslak<br>{{flag|ໂປໂລຍ}} | Mitja Nadizar<br>{{flag|ສະໂລເວນີ}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} | ໂຊລ໌, [[ເກົາຫຼີໃຕ້]] |14 ກຸມພາ 2015 | 29 |<ref name=":0" /> |- | 10 | [[:id:Mister International 2015|2015]] | Pedro Mendes<br>{{CHE}} | Anderson Tomazini<br>{{BRA}} | Sang Jin Lee<br>{{KOR}} | Julian Javier Torres<br>{{flag|ປານາມາ}} | Jakub Kraus<br>{{flag|ແຊັກ}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} | [[ມະນີລາ]], [[ຟີລິບປິນ]] |30 ພະຈິກ | 36 |<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ong |first=Wyatt |date=November 30, 2015 |title=Switzerland's Pedro Mendes wins Mister International 2015 pageant |url=https://www.rappler.com/life-and-style/114488-mister-international-2015-pageant-winner-switzerland-pedro-mendes/ |access-date=November 13, 2024 |website=RAPPLER [[Rappler]] |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | 11 | [[:id:Mister International 2016|2016]] | Paul Iskandar<br>{{flag|ລີບັງ}} | Masaya Yamagishi<br>{{flag|ຍີ່ປຸ່ນ}} | Vinicio Modolo<br>{{flag|ອິຕາລີ}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} | [[ບາງກອກ]], [[ໄທ]] |13 ກຸມພາ 2017 | 35 |<ref name=":0" /> |- | 12 | [[:id:Mister International 2017|2017]] | Seung Hwan Lee<br>{{KOR}} | Manuel Molano<br>{{COL}} | Dwayne Geldenhuis<br>{{flag|ແອຟຣິກາໃຕ້}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} | ຍ່າງກຸ້ງ, [[ມຽນມາ]] |30 ເມສາ 2018 | 36 |<ref name=":0" /> |- | 13 | [[:id:Mister International 2018|2018]] | Trịnh Văn Bảo<br>{{VNM}} | Francesco Piscitelli<br>{{VEN}} | Waikin Kwan<br>{{flag|ຮ່ອງກົງ}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} | ປາໄຊ, [[ຟີລິບປິນ]] |25 ກຸມພາ 2019 | 39 |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dumaual |first=Mario |date=May 7, 2022 |title=Mister International kings gather for Mister PH pageant launch |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/life/05/07/22/mister-international-kings-gather-for-mister-ph-pageant-launch |work=[[ABS-CBN News]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=February 28, 2019 |title=Vietnam's Trinh Bao Wins 2018 Mister International |url=https://nextshark.com/trinh-bao-2018-mister-international/}}</ref><br><ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ke |first=Bryan |date=February 28, 2019 |title=Vietnam's Trinh Bao Wins 2018 Mister International |url=https://nextshark.com/trinh-bao-2018-mister-international |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=Next Shark |language=en}}</ref> |- | colspan="2" |2019 – 2021 | colspan="9" |''ບໍ່ໄດ້ຈັດການປະກວດ ເນື່ອງຈາກການລະບາດຂອງ ໂຄວິດ-19'' | |- | 14 | [[Mister International 2022|2022]] | Emmanuel "Manu" Franco<br>{{flag|ສາທາລະນະລັດໂດມິນີກັນ}} | Lukanand Kshetrimayum <br>{{flag|ອິນເດຍ}} | Orangel Dirinot<br>{{VEN}} | Jason Li<br>{{flag|ຮ່ອງກົງ}} | Myron Jude Ordillano<br>{{flag|ຟີລິບປິນ}} | Juan Pablo Colias<br>{{ESP}} | ເກຊອນຊິຕີ, [[ຟີລິບປິນ]] |30 ຕຸລາ | 35 |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tusing |first=David |title=Manuel Franco from Dominican Republic crowned Mister International 2022 in the Philippines |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/lifestyle/fashion/2022/10/31/manuel-franco-from-dominican-republic-crowned-mister-international-2022-in-the-philippines/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=The National |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=IN PICTURES: The winners of Mister International 2022 |url=https://mb.com.ph/2022/10/31/in-pictures-the-winners-of-mister-international-2022/ |access-date=October 10, 2024 |website=[[Manila Bulletin]] |date=October 31, 2022 |language=en}}</ref><br><ref>{{cite web |date=August 19, 2022 |title=14TH MISTER INTERNATIONAL CONTESTANTS |url=https://www.misterinternational.net/contestants |access-date=ສິງຫາ 10, 2026 |archive-date=ເມສາ 14, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180414010311/https://www.misterinternational.net/contestants |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":0" /> |- |15 | [[Mister International 2023|2023]] | Kim Goodburn<br>{{THA}} | William Badell<br>{{VEN}} | Edward Ogunniya<br>{{BRA}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} | rowspan="2" | [[ບາງກອກ]], [[ໄທ]] |17 ກັນຍາ | 36 |<ref name=kim>{{cite web|date=September 29, 2023|title=Kim Goodburn May Have The Crown, But The Audience Are The Real Winners: Mister International 2023 Wraps Up|url=https://www.dnamagazine.com.au/kim-goodburn-may-have-the-crown-but-the-audience-are-the-real-winners-mister-international-2023-wraps-up/|work=[[DNA (magazine)|DNA Magazine]]|first=Joshua|last=Donovan|language=en|accessdate=February 15, 2024|archivedate=September 29, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929044852/https://www.dnamagazine.com.au/kim-goodburn-may-have-the-crown-but-the-audience-are-the-real-winners-mister-international-2023-wraps-up/}}</ref> |- |16 |[[Mister International 2024|2024]] | Nwajagu Samuel<br>{{flag|ໄນຈີເຣຍ}} | Nguyễn Mạnh Lân<br>{{VNM}} | Glenn Victor Sutanto<br>{{flag|ອິນໂດເນເຊຍ}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |{{N/A|''ບໍ່ມີຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ''}} |14 ທັນວາ | 47 |<ref>{{Cite news |last=olufemiajasa |date=December 15, 2024 |title=Nigerian model Nwajagu Samuel becomes first African to win Mister International title |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/12/nigerian-model-nwajagu-samuel-becomes-first-african-to-win-mister-international-title/ |location=Lagos, Nigeria|access-date=December 15, 2024 |newspaper=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 14, 2024 |title=De faixa a coroa: Nigeriano é 1º homem negro e africano a vencer o Mister International |url=https://f5.folha.uol.com.br/colunistas/de-faixa-a-coroa/2024/12/nigeriano-e-1o-homem-negro-e-africano-a-vencer-o-mister-international.shtml |access-date=December 15, 2024 |website=F5 |language=pt-BR}}</ref> |- |17 |[[Mister International 2025|2025]] | Kirk Bondad<br>{{PHL}} | Saadedine Hneineh<br>{{flag|ລີບັງ}} | Seung Ho Choi<br>{{KOR}} | Bethel Mbamara<br>{{flag|ໄນຈີເຣຍ}} | Roberto Mena<br>{{CRI}} | Kanapol Treesongkiat<br>{{THA}} | ນົນທະບູລີ, [[ໄທ]] |25 ກັນຍາ | 42 | |} == ແກເລີຣີຜູ້ຊະນະ == <gallery class="center"> ຮູບ:Kirk Bondad.jpg|ມິສເຕີອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ 2025<br>ເຄີກ ບອນແດດ,<br>ຟີລິບປິນ ຮູບ:Kim Goodburn.png|ມິສເຕີອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ 2023<br>ຄິມ ທິຕິສັນ ກູດເບີກ,<br>ໄທ ຮູບ:Wissam Hanna, MTV Lebanon - Dec 3, 2019.jpg|ມິສເຕີອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ 2006<br>ວິສຊາມ ຮັນນາ,<br>ລີບັງ </gallery> == ຕົວແທນປະເທດລາວ == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; text-align:center; width:100%" ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#787878;color:#FFFFFF;" |ປີ ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#787878;color:#FFFFFF;" |ຜູ້ດຳລົງຕຳແໜ່ງ / ຕົວແທນ ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#787878;color:#FFFFFF;" |ແຂວງ ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#787878;color:#FFFFFF;" |ຜົນງານລະດັບຊາດ ! colspan="2" style="background-color:#787878;color:#FFFFFF;" |ການປະກວດລະດັບນານາຊາດ |- ! style="background-color:#787878;color:#FFFFFF;" |ຕຳແໜ່ງໃນການປະກວດ ! style="background-color:#787878;color:#FFFFFF;" |ລາງວັນພິເສດ |- |2025 |ສຸພິພັນ ວົງສັກ |[[ແຂວງອຸດົມໄຊ]] |ມິສເຕີຢູນີເວີຣສລາວ 2025 |ບໍ່ໄດ້ເຂົ້າຮອບ | |- |2024 |ນິພົນ ມິນ້ອຍມະນີ |[[ແຂວງວຽງຈັນ]] |ໄດ້ຮັບການແຕ່ງຕັ້ງ |ບໍ່ໄດ້ເຂົ້າຮອບ | |- |2023 |ໂດນສະຫວັນ ໄຊມົນຕີ |[[ນະຄອນຫຼວງວຽງຈັນ]] |ໄດ້ຮັບການແຕ່ງຕັ້ງ |ບໍ່ໄດ້ເຂົ້າຮອບ | |- |2022 |ແສງຕະວັນ ຈະເລີນພອນ |[[ເມືອງຫຼວງພະບາງ|ແຂວງຫຼວງພະບາງ]] |ໄດ້ຮັບການແຕ່ງຕັ້ງ |ບໍ່ໄດ້ເຂົ້າຮອບ | |- |2019 |ທະນູພົນ ໄຊຖາວອນ |[[ນະຄອນຫຼວງວຽງຈັນ]] |ມິສເຕີອິນເຕີຣ໌ເນຊັນແນລລາວ 2019 | colspan="2" {{N/a|''ບໍ່ໄດ້ເຂົ້າຮ່ວມປະກວດ''}} |} == ມິສເຕີອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ ເວີຊັນອື່ນ == {{Infobox pageant | name = ມິສເຕີອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ | logo = | logosize = | image = | caption = ໂລໂກ້ | type = ການປະກວດຊາຍງາມລະດັບນານາຊາດ | franchise_holder = | organization = ອົງກອນມິສເຕີອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ | headquarters = [[ມະນິລາ]], [[ປະເທດຟີລິບປິນ|ຟີລິບປິນ]] | pageant_region = | region_represented= | qualification = | first = 2023 | recent = | last = <!---Only if pageant is defunct. Last edition of the pageant, use year used in the pageant name---> | current_titleholder = | titleholder_represents = | language = ພາສາອັງກິດ | leader_title1 = ປະທານ | leader_name1 = ມາເນວ ເດລດີໂອ | leader_title2 = ປະທານກຽດຕິມະຊັກ | leader_name2 = ລູການັນ ເຄຊຕຣິມາຍຸມ | leader_title3 = ຮອງປະທານບໍລິຫານ | leader_name3 = | leader_title4 = ປະທານເຈົ້າໜ້າທີ່ຝ່າຍປະຕິບັດການ | leader_name4 = | predecessor = | successor = <!---Succeeding pageant---> | website = | leader_title = ຜູ້ກໍ່ຕັ້ງ | leader_name = ອາລັນ ຊິມ | imagesize = 175px }} === ຜູ້ຖືກຳມະສິດ — ໂດຍ ປະເທດຟີລິບປິນ (ຕັ້ງແຕ່ປີ 2023) === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 80%; text-align:center;" | ! rowspan="2" |ຄັ້ງທີ ! rowspan="2" |ປີ ! rowspan="2" width="600" |ຜູ້ຊະນະ ! colspan="4" |ຮອງຊະນະເລີດ ! rowspan="2" |ສະຖານທີ່ ! rowspan="2" |ວັນທີ ! rowspan="2" |ຜູ້ເຂົ້າແຂ່ງຂັນ ! rowspan="2" | ອ້າງອີງ |- ! width="600" |ຮອງອັນດັບ 1 ! width="600" |ຮອງອັນດັບ 2 ! width="320" |ຮອງອັນດັບ 3 ! width="320" |ຮອງອັນດັບ 4 |- |1 | 2023 | ໂຮເຊ ຄາເຢ<br>{{ESP}} | ອອສຕິນ ຄາບາຕານາ<br>{{PHL}} | ທາມີເຄລ ວອດສັນ<br>{{flag|ເຈເມກາ}} | ອັນເຮລ ໂອລາຢາ<br>{{flag|ອາເຈນຕິນາ}} | ອັບດຸນ ຣາຮ໌ມານ ລີ<br>{{flag|ມາເລເຊຍ}} |ບາກີໂອ, [[ປະເທດຟີລິບປິນ|ຟີລິບປິນ]] |20 ຕຸລາ |26 |<ref>Citations for 2023 edition: *{{Cite news |last=Llopis |first=Yasmina |date=October 23, 2023 |title=The Spanish José Calle wins the title of Mister International 2023 |url=https://en.entretenimiento.news/el-espanol-jose-calle-gana-el-titulo-de-mister-internacional-2023-388302/ |access-date= |work=Entretenimiento News }}{{Dead link|date=ສິງຫາ 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} *{{Cite news |date=January 17, 2024 |title=Mister International 2023 Jose Antonio Calle set to return to PH |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/life/01/17/24/mister-international-2023-jose-antonio-calle-to-visit-ph |work=[[ABS-CBN News]] }} *{{Cite web |title=Mister International 2023 José Antonio Calle set to return to PH |url=https://mb.com.ph/2024/1/16/mister-international-2023-jose-antonio-calle-set-to-return-to-ph |access-date=2024-11-10 |website=[[Manila Bulletin]] |date=January 16, 2024 |language=en }} *{{Cite web |date=2023-10-22 |title=José Calle, primer español en ganar Míster Internacional 2023 |url=https://www.diezminutos.es/famosos-corazon/famosos-espanoles/a45607164/jose-calle-ganador-de-mister-internacional-2023/ |access-date=2024-11-10 |website=Diez Minutos |language=es-ES }}</ref> |- |2 |2024 |ຟຣັນ ຊາຟຣາ<br>{{ESP}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-13 |title=Almeria-native crowned Mister Spain 2024 |url=https://euroweeklynews.com/2024/09/13/almeria-native-crowned-mister-spain-international-2024/ |access-date=2024-11-13 |website=[[EuroWeekly News]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> |ເອສເຕຟາໂນ ບາລາຣິນ<br>{{flag|ເປຣູ}} |ມາກວິນ ດີອາແມນເຕ<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Gabinete |first=Jojo |date=November 11, 2024 |title=Marvin Diamante, second runner-up sa 16th Mister International |url=https://www.pep.ph/pepalerts/cabinet-files/183865/16th-mister-international-a734-20241111 |work=PEP.ph Philippine Entertainment Portal Inc. [[GMA Network (company)#Joint ventures|Philippine Entertainment Portal]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=July 16, 2024 |title=Marvin Diamante wins Mister International Philippines 2024 |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/lifestyle/2024/7/16/marvin-diamante-wins-mister-international-philippines-2024-1219 |work=[[ABS-CBN News]]}}</ref><br>{{PHL}} |ເອລີອາສ ຊິລີຕົງກາ<br>{{flag|ອິນໂດເນເຊຍ}} |ເຊິງ ເຊັ່ນຢາງ<br>{{flag|ຈີນ}} |ໂຕເລໂດ, [[ເຊບູ]] |10 ພະຈິກ |25 |<ref name=":1">Citations for 2024 edition: *{{Cite web |date=2024-11-10 |title=Fran Zafra se corona como Mister International 2024 |url=https://www.diezminutos.es/famosos-corazon/famosos-espanoles/a62862502/fran-zafra-mister-international-2024/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |website=[[Diez Minutos]] |language=es-ES}} *{{Cite web |title=Cebu to host Mister International 2024 |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/entertainment/showbiznews/news/111223/cebu-to-host-mister-international-2024/story |access-date=2024-11-10 |website=[[GMA News]] [[GMA Network]] |language=en}} *{{Cite news |last=Caitom |first=Eva |date=November 7, 2024 |title=Mister International 2024 delegates visit Tuburan, prepare for finals in Toledo |url=https://www.brigadanews.ph/mister-international-2024-delegates-visit-tuburan-prepare-for-finals-in-toledo/ |work=[[Brigada News Philippines]]}} *{{Cite web |title=Visayas bets bag titles at Mister International Philippines 2024 |url=https://www.philstar.com/the-freeman/cebu-entertainment/2024/07/02/2367103/visayas-bets-bag-titles-mister-international-philippines-2024 |access-date=2024-11-11 |website=Philstar.com [[Philippine Star]]}} *{{Cite web |date=2024-09-11 |title=Así es Fran Zafra, el nuevo Míster Internacional España 2024 |url=https://www.semana.es/corazon/asi-es-fran-zafra-nuevo-mister-international-espana-2024_2788446 |access-date=2024-11-11 |website=[[Semana]] |language=es}}</ref> |} === ຜູ້ຖືກຳມະສິດ — ໂດຍ ປະເທດອິນເດຍ (ຕັ້ງແຕ່ປີ 1998) === '''ມິສເຕີອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ''' (ອັງກິດ: Mr. International) ຈັດຂຶ້ນໂດຍບໍລິສັດເສື້ອຜ້າ ກຣາວີຣາ ຈາກປະເທດອິນເດຍ ເປັນການປະກວດຄວາມງາມຊາຍທີ່ຈັດຂຶ້ນຄັ້ງທຳອິດໃນປີ 1998 ແລະ ຈັດຂຶ້ນເປັນປະຈຳທຸກປີຢູ່ປະເທດອິນເດຍ ຈົນເຖິງປີ 2003 ເຊິ່ງໄດ້ໄປຈັດຢູ່ [[ລອນດອນ]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Legaspi |first=C. Mendez |title=Kirk Bondad aims for Philippines' 2nd Mister International title after Neil Perez |url=https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/fashion-and-beauty/2025/09/25/2475145/kirk-bondad-aims-philippines-2nd-mister-international-title-after-neil-perez |access-date=2025-09-30 |website=Philstar.com [[Philippine Star]]}}</ref> ຫຼັງຈາກນັ້ນກໍບໍ່ໄດ້ຈັດຂຶ້ນອີກ ແລະ ຖືກແທນທີ່ໂດຍ ''ມິສເຕີ ອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ'' ໂດຍພຶດຕິນັຍ. ຂໍ້ມູນຜູ້ເຂົ້າປະກວດໄດ້ຮັບການອ້າງອີງໄຂວ້ກັບການເຂົ້າຮ່ວມໃນເວທີ [[ແມນຮັນອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ]], [[ມິສເຕີອິນເຕີຄອນຕິເນນຕັລ]], ແລະ [[ມິສເຕີເວີຣ໌ລດ໌]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=1999-11-29 |title=Delhi's top apparel retailers offer a wide variety for people with style {{!}} "Punjabi pop singer Gurdas Mann and the recently crowned Graviera Mr International, Mr Venezuela, pick up their clothes from here." |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/indiascope/story/19991129-shopping-spree-751903-1999-11-28 |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref> === ຜູ້ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງ === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 80%; text-align:center;" | ! rowspan="2" |ຄັ້ງທີ ! rowspan="2" |ປີ ! rowspan="2" width="600" |ຜູ້ຊະນະ ! colspan="2" |ຮອງຊະນະເລີດ ! rowspan="2" |ສະຖານທີ່ ! rowspan="2" |ວັນທີ ! rowspan="2" |ຜູ້ເຂົ້າແຂ່ງຂັນ ! rowspan="2" | ອ້າງອີງ |- ! width="600" |ຮອງອັນດັບ 1 ! width="600" |ຮອງອັນດັບ 2 |- | 1 | 1998 | Mario Carballo<br>{{CRI}} | Hasan Yalnizoglu<br>{{flag|ຕຸຣກີ}} | Tamme Boh Tjarks<br>{{flag|ເຢຍລະມັນ}} | ໄຊປຸຣະ, [[ປະເທດອິນເດຍ|ອິນເດຍ]] |31 ຕຸລາ | 23 |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tribuneindia... Film and tv; Mr Costa Rica, Mario Carballo, who was crowned Mr International 1998 |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/1998/98dec06/sunday/filmtv.htm |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=[[The Tribune (India)]]}}</ref> |- | 2 | 1999 | Nadir Nery Djiukich<br>{{VEN}} | James Ghoril<br>{{flag|ລີບັງ}} | Abhijit Sanyal<br>{{IND}} | [[ນິວເດລີ]], [[ປະເທດອິນເດຍ|ອິນເດຍ]] |30 ຕຸລາ | 24 | |- | 3 | 2000 | Aryan Vaid<br>{{IND}} | Jorge Pascual<br>{{flag|ເມັກຊິໂກ}} | Xu Chong<br>{{flag|ຈີນ}} | ໂຊດປຸຣະ, [[ປະເທດອິນເດຍ|ອິນເດຍ]] |13 ຕຸລາ | 25 |<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/2000/sep/2656.htm | title=And now~ it's Mr. India's turn | accessdate=2011-02-25 | author=Mid-Day | date=2000-09-27 | work=News | publisher=Mid-Day | pages=1}}</ref> |- | 4 | 2001 | Alexander Aquino<br>{{PHL}} | Anibal Martignani Pérez<br>{{VEN}} | Leroy Vissers<br>{{flag|ໂຮນລັງ}} | ອຸດໄທປຸຣະ, [[ປະເທດອິນເດຍ|ອິນເດຍ]] |15 ທັນວາ | 36 |<ref>{{Cite news |date=2001-12-16 |title=Filipino is Mr International |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/filipino-is-mr-international/articleshow/1919999410.cms |access-date=2024-11-14 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lo |first=Ricky |title=Which awards is 'credible'? It was also Robbie who sent Alexander Aquino, our representative in the Mr. International 2001 |url=https://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2003/04/08/201908/which-awards-145credible146 |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=Philstar.com [[Philippine Star]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-10-10 |title=Heart is 'it' The 2009 Mister International Philippines will compete in the 2009 Mr ... Philippines won the title was in 2001, with ramp model Alexander Aquino. |url=https://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2009/10/10/512451/heart-it/ |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=www.philstar.com [[Philippine Star]] |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | 5 | 2002 | Raghu Mukherjee<br>{{IND}} | Julio César Cabrera Mendieta<br>{{VEN}} | Odysseus Karouis<br>{{flag|ກະແລັດ}} | [[ນິວເດລີ]], [[ປະເທດອິນເດຍ|ອິນເດຍ]] |26 ຕຸລາ | 26 |<ref>{{cite news |title=All mama's boys at Grasim International |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20021028/ncr1.htm#3 |work=[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]] |date=28 October 2002}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2002-11-11 |title=Of emcee Ruby Bhatia, favouritism and Grasim Mr International contest |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/eyecatchers/story/20021111-of-emcee-ruby-bhatia-favouritism-and-grasim-mr-international-contest-794360-2002-11-10 |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=[[India Today]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - National Capital Region |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20021028/ncr.htm |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=www.tribuneindia.com [[The Tribune (India)]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Pune Sailor is Grasim Mr. India 2005 |url=http://www.grasim.com/media/features/mr_grasim05.htm |publisher=Grasim.com |accessdate=12 June 2013 |archive-date=15 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615172500/http://grasim.com/media/features/mr_grasim05.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | 6 | 2003 | William Kelly<br>{{flagicon image|Flag of Sharjah and Ras Al Khaimah.svg}} [[ຊາຣ໌ຈາຮ໌]], [[ສະຫະລັດອາຣັບເອມີເຣດ|ຢູເອອີ]] | Rajneesh Duggal<br>{{IND}} | Shaun Paul Cuthbert<br>{{SIN}} | [[ລອນດອນ]], [[ອັງກິດ]] |24 ສິງຫາ | 32 |<ref name="Mr UAE goes international">{{Cite web |date=2003-09-25 |title=Mr UAE goes international |url=https://gulfnews.com/uae/mr-uae-goes-international-1.366754 |access-date=2024-11-14 |website=[[Gulf News]] |language=en}}</ref> |} *<small>'''ໝາຍເຫດ''': ''ໃນການປະກວດປີ 2003 ມີຜູ້ເຂົ້າປະກວດ 3 ຄົນທີ່ມາຈາກ '''ສະຫະລັດອາຣັບເອມິເຣດ''' ໄດ້ແກ່ [[ອາບູດາບີ]], [[ດູໄບ]] ແລະ ຊາຣ໌ຈາຮ໌. ວິລລຽມ ເຄລລີ ເປັນຕົວແທນຈາກຊາຣ໌ຈາຮ໌ ແລະ ໄດ້ຮັບຕຳແໜ່ງຜູ້ຊະນະເລີດໃນເວລາຕໍ່ມາ.''</small> == ເພີ່ມເຕີມ == *[[ລາຍະການປະກວດຄວາມງາມ]] == ອ້າງອີງ == {{reflist}} == ແຫຼ່ງຂໍ້ມູນອື່ນ == {{ເວທີປະກວດຄວາມງາມລະດັບແກຣນສະແລັມ}}<noinclude> [[ໝວດ:ມິສເຕີອິນເຕີເນຊັນແນລ]] [[ໝວດ:ແມ່ແບບການປະກວດຄວາມງາມຊາຍ]] [[ໝວດ:ການປະກວດຄວາມງາມຊາຍ]] [[ໝວດ:ໂກລໂບ້ວ ບິວຕີ້]] </noinclude> 6fhl747gikhuaopg02iu29wm5o63esi 0 25218 130116 2026-08-21T06:14:23Z Khomphoi28 15846 Khomphoi28 ຍ້າຍໜ້າ [[ຊີແອດເທິລ]] ໄປ [[ຊີແອດເຕິນ]]: ທັບສັບ 130116 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ຊີແອດເຕິນ]] r578bdoi6oh7xwa2icutie57di39fug 828 25219 130121 2026-08-21T06:25:29Z Khomphoi28 15846 ສ້າງໜ້າດ້ວຍ "return { name = 'ສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ', x = '50.0 + 124.03149777329222 * ((1.9694462586094064-($1 * pi / 180)) * sin(0.6010514667026994 * ($2 + 96) * pi / 180))', y = '50.0 + 1.6155950752393982 * 124.03149777329222 * ( 0.02613325650382181 - (1.3236744353715044 - (1.9694462586094064 - ($1 * pi / 180)) * cos(0.6010514667026994 * ($2 + 96) * pi / 180)))', image = 'Usa edcp location map.svg', image1 = 'Usa edcp relief location ma..." 130121 Scribunto text/plain return { name = 'ສະຫະລັດອາເມຣິກາ', x = '50.0 + 124.03149777329222 * ((1.9694462586094064-($1 * pi / 180)) * sin(0.6010514667026994 * ($2 + 96) * pi / 180))', y = '50.0 + 1.6155950752393982 * 124.03149777329222 * ( 0.02613325650382181 - (1.3236744353715044 - (1.9694462586094064 - ($1 * pi / 180)) * cos(0.6010514667026994 * ($2 + 96) * pi / 180)))', image = 'Usa edcp location map.svg', image1 = 'Usa edcp relief location map.png' } om4qxk7a2zvd7kv3l3sh7lxjz5yrv5w 10 25220 130122 2026-08-21T06:28:15Z Khomphoi28 15846 /* */ 130122 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{formatnum:[[1 E+{{order of magnitude|({{{metv|1}}}E{{#ifeq:{{{metu}}}|ha|4|6}})}}_m²|{{{impv}}}{{{s|&nbsp;}}}{{{impu|ft}}}{{#ifeq:{{{impv|0}}}|1||{{#ifeq:{{{s}}}|/||{{#ifeq:{{{impu}}}|acre|s}}}}}}]] ({{{metv}}}{{{s|&nbsp;}}}{{{metu|m}}})}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> gjovisliv1fjtv56ptqdmypl129ctmy 10 25221 130123 2026-08-21T06:30:12Z Khomphoi28 15846 ພວມໂອນໄປ ຫາ [[ແມ່ແບບ:Increase]] 130123 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ແມ່ແບບ:Increase]] rc97cs0r1po40apfeys053pz4h9x6iq 10 25222 130125 2026-08-21T06:33:22Z Khomphoi28 15846 /* */ 130125 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ແມ່ແບບ:ຫຼາຍສຸດ]] ohl51rpqay94blkmgymo7ih7hkgcp0d 10 25223 130126 2026-08-21T06:33:44Z Khomphoi28 15846 ສ້າງໜ້າດ້ວຍ "<includeonly>{{#invoke:Math|max}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude>" 130126 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Math|max}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> s2lyijw8m0l517bfw1z0srbw197c8fh 10 25224 130127 2026-08-21T06:34:32Z Khomphoi28 15846 ພວມໂອນໄປ ຫາ [[ແມ່ແບບ:ຫຼາຍສຸດ]] 130127 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ແມ່ແບບ:ຫຼາຍສຸດ]] ohl51rpqay94blkmgymo7ih7hkgcp0d 10 25225 130128 2026-08-21T06:37:53Z Khomphoi28 15846 ສ້າງໜ້າດ້ວຍ "<includeonly>{{safesubst:#invoke:Math|min}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude>" 130128 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{safesubst:#invoke:Math|min}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> mf7mi1xwsg2t5awkql3k34xga8pa7vq 10 25226 130129 2026-08-21T06:38:19Z Khomphoi28 15846 ພວມໂອນໄປ ຫາ [[ແມ່ແບບ:ໜ້ອຍສຸດ]] 130129 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ແມ່ແບບ:ໜ້ອຍສຸດ]] hqsx2vsy4ewdcpr6thynuz2zy00upx6 10 25227 130130 2026-08-21T06:38:36Z Khomphoi28 15846 ພວມໂອນໄປ ຫາ [[ແມ່ແບບ:ໜ້ອຍສຸດ]] 130130 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ແມ່ແບບ:ໜ້ອຍສຸດ]] hqsx2vsy4ewdcpr6thynuz2zy00upx6 10 25228 130135 2026-08-21T07:05:47Z Khomphoi28 15846 ສ້າງໜ້າດ້ວຍ "{{Weather box |metric first= Yes |single line= Yes |location= the Local Airport ([[International Civil Aviation Organization airport code|TLAP]]) |Jan maximum humidex= 24 |Feb maximum humidex= 28 |Mar maximum humidex= 32 |Apr maximum humidex= 36 |May maximum humidex= 40 |Jun maximum humidex= 44 |Jul maximum humidex= 45 |Aug maximum humidex= 41 |Sep maximum humidex= 37 |Oct maximum humidex= 33 |Nov maximum humidex= 29 |Dec maximum humidex= 25 |year maximum..." 130135 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Weather box |metric first= Yes |single line= Yes |location= the Local Airport ([[International Civil Aviation Organization airport code|TLAP]]) |Jan maximum humidex= 24 |Feb maximum humidex= 28 |Mar maximum humidex= 32 |Apr maximum humidex= 36 |May maximum humidex= 40 |Jun maximum humidex= 44 |Jul maximum humidex= 45 |Aug maximum humidex= 41 |Sep maximum humidex= 37 |Oct maximum humidex= 33 |Nov maximum humidex= 29 |Dec maximum humidex= 25 |year maximum humidex= |Jan record high C= 24 |Feb record high C= 26 |Mar record high C= 28 |Apr record high C= 30 |May record high C= 32 |Jun record high C= 34 |Jul record high C= 35 |Aug record high C= 33 |Sep record high C= 31 |Oct record high C= 29 |Nov record high C= 27 |Dec record high C= 25 |year record high C= |Jan high C= 12 |Feb high C= 14 |Mar high C= 16 |Apr high C= 18 |May high C= 20 |Jun high C= 22 |Jul high C= 23 |Aug high C= 21 |Sep high C= 19 |Oct high C= 17 |Nov high C= 15 |Dec high C= 13 |year high C= |Jan mean C= 0 |Feb mean C= 2 |Mar mean C= 4 |Apr mean C= 6 |May mean C= 8 |Jun mean C= 10 |Jul mean C= 11 |Aug mean C= 9 |Sep mean C= 7 |Oct mean C= 5 |Nov mean C= 3 |Dec mean C= 1 |year mean C= |Jan low C= -12 |Feb low C= -10 |Mar low C= -8 |Apr low C= -6 |May low C= -4 |Jun low C= -2 |Jul low C= -1 |Aug low C= -3 |Sep low C= -5 |Oct low C= -7 |Nov low C= -9 |Dec low C= -11 |year low C= |Jan record low C= -24 |Feb record low C= -22 |Mar record low C= -20 |Apr record low C= -18 |May record low C= -16 |Jun record low C= -14 |Jul record low C= -13 |Aug record low C= -15 |Sep record low C= -17 |Oct record low C= -19 |Nov record low C= -21 |Dec record low C= -23 |year record low C= |Jan chill= -34 |Feb chill= -30 |Mar chill= -26 |Apr chill= -22 |May chill= -18 |Jun chill= -14 |Jul chill= -13 |Aug chill= -17 |Sep chill= -21 |Oct chill= -25 |Nov chill= -29 |Dec chill= -33 |year chill= |Jan precipitation mm= 15 |Feb precipitation mm= 13 |Mar precipitation mm= 28 |Apr precipitation mm= 100 |May precipitation mm= 150 |Jun precipitation mm= 210 |Jul precipitation mm= 170 |Aug precipitation mm= 120 |Sep precipitation mm= 60 |Oct precipitation mm= 40 |Nov precipitation mm= 26 |Dec precipitation mm= 16 |year precipitation mm= |Jan rain mm= 0 |Feb rain mm= 0 |Mar rain mm= 17 |Apr rain mm= 91 |May rain mm= 147 |Jun rain mm= 210 |Jul rain mm= 170 |Aug rain mm= 120 |Sep rain mm= 55 |Oct rain mm= 20 |Nov rain mm= 2 |Dec rain mm= 0 |year rain mm= |Jan snow cm= 15 |Feb snow cm= 13 |Mar snow cm= 11 |Apr snow cm= 9 |May snow cm= 3 |Jun snow cm= 0 |Jul snow cm= 0 |Aug snow cm= 0 |Sep snow cm= 5 |Oct snow cm= 20 |Nov snow cm= 24 |Dec snow cm= 16 |year snow cm= |Jan humidity= 7 |Feb humidity= 6 |Mar humidity= 13 |Apr humidity= 45 |May humidity= 68 |Jun humidity= 95 |Jul humidity= 77 |Aug humidity= 55 |Sep humidity= 27 |Oct humidity= 18 |Nov humidity= 12 |Dec humidity= 8 |year humidity= |unit precipitation days= 0.2 mm |Jan precipitation days= 6.6 |Feb precipitation days= 5.2 |Mar precipitation days= 6.6 |Apr precipitation days= 13.0 |May precipitation days= 16.5 |Jun precipitation days= 21.0 |Jul precipitation days= 17.6 |Aug precipitation days= 12.4 |Sep precipitation days= 7.6 |Oct precipitation days= 10.9 |Nov precipitation days= 10.5 |Dec precipitation days= 7.1 |year precipitation days= |unit rain days= 0.2 mm |Jan rain days= 0.0 |Feb rain days= 0.0 |Mar rain days= 1.8 |Apr rain days= 9.1 |May rain days= 15.2 |Jun rain days= 21.0 |Jul rain days= 17.6 |Aug rain days= 12.4 |Sep rain days= 5.5 |Oct rain days= 2.1 |Nov rain days= 0.2 |Dec rain days= 0.0 |year rain days= |unit snow days= 0.2 cm |Jan snow days= 6.6 |Feb snow days= 5.2 |Mar snow days= 4.9 |Apr snow days= 3.9 |May snow days= 1.3 |Jun snow days= 0.0 |Jul snow days= 0.0 |Aug snow days= 0.0 |Sep snow days= 2.1 |Oct snow days= 8.9 |Nov snow days= 10.3 |Dec snow days= 7.1 |year snow days= |Jan sun= 140 |Feb sun= 155 |Mar sun= 205 |Apr sun= 225 |May sun= 265 |Jun sun= 285 |Jul sun= 279 |Aug sun= 248 |Sep sun= 210 |Oct sun= 186 |Nov sun= 150 |Dec sun= 124 |source 1= The department of the weather and environment ^{[[Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources|&#91;1&#93;]]} |source 2= The local newspaper ^{[[Wikipedia:Citing sources|&#91;2&#93;]]} }} {{Documentation subpage}} <!--PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS TO THE <includeonly> SECTION AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE--> <includeonly>{{Intricate template}} {{High-use}}</includeonly> For questions, see the [[Template talk:Weather box|talk]] page. For shorter forms, see below: [[#Concise forms|Concise forms]]. *You can enter data in [[#Imperial-only empty syntax|imperial units]] or [[#Full empty syntax|metric units]] or [[#Full empty syntax|both]]. *You may remove unused fields. *All fields are optional, except for <code>location</code> and <code>source 1</code>. *Year values will be calculated provided that all month values are provided. *Please use the same [[Arithmetic precision|precision]] for all values in a row, i.e. if Jan is 0 and Feb is 0.3, then use 0.0 for Jan. *If using multiple tables, or there are pictures or infoboxes higher up on the page, please verify that the template does not overlay, or get overlaid by, other objects used in the article. Please test your changes with several different skins, browsers, and browser window sizes. If necessary use {{Tlx|Clear}} before the climate section, or <nowiki><div style="width:50%;"> before the table, and </div></nowiki> after. == Imperial-only empty syntax == Will convert and display metric values automatically. {{#tag:pre|<nowiki> {{Weather box <!--Infobox begins--> |collapsed= <!--Any entry in this line will make the template initially collapsed. Leave blank or remove this line for uncollapsed.--> |open= <!--Any entry in this line will make the template permanently open, and remove the hide button. Remove this line for a collapsable table.--> |metric first= <!--Any entry in this line will display metric first. Leave blank or remove this line for imperial first.--> |single line= <!--Any entry in this line will display metric and imperial units in the same cell. Leave blank or remove this line for separate table rows.--> |location= <!--Mandatory field, location the climate data was taken, usually an airport.--> |temperature colour= <!--Enter "pastel" for pastel temperature colors, remove this line for the standard coloring.--> <!--Record high temperatures--> <!--Note that record temperatures should be used sparingly in main city articles, and should only be used when the data period is of the greatest length possible.--> |Jan record high F= |Feb record high F= |Mar record high F= |Apr record high F= |May record high F= |Jun record high F= |Jul record high F= |Aug record high F= |Sep record high F= |Oct record high F= |Nov record high F= |Dec record high F= |year record high F= <!--Average high temperatures--> |Jan high F= |Feb high F= |Mar high F= |Apr high F= |May high F= |Jun high F= |Jul high F= |Aug high F= |Sep high F= |Oct high F= |Nov high F= |Dec high F= |year high F= <!--Mean daily temperature--> |Jan mean F= |Feb mean F= |Mar mean F= |Apr mean F= |May mean F= |Jun mean F= |Jul mean F= |Aug mean F= |Sep mean F= |Oct mean F= |Nov mean F= |Dec mean F= |year mean F= <!--Average low temperatures--> |Jan low F= |Feb low F= |Mar low F= |Apr low F= |May low F= |Jun low F= |Jul low F= |Aug low F= |Sep low F= |Oct low F= |Nov low F= |Dec low F= |year low F= <!--Record low temperatures--> <!--Note that record temperatures should be used sparingly in main city articles, and should only be used when the data period is of the greatest length possible.--> |Jan record low F= |Feb record low F= |Mar record low F= |Apr record low F= |May record low F= |Jun record low F= |Jul record low F= |Aug record low F= |Sep record low F= |Oct record low F= |Nov record low F= |Dec record low F= |year record low F= <!--Total Precipitation, this should include rain and snow.--> |precipitation colour= <!--Enter "green" for green precipitation colors, remove this line for blue coloring.--> |Jan precipitation inch= |Feb precipitation inch= |Mar precipitation inch= |Apr precipitation inch= |May precipitation inch= |Jun precipitation inch= |Jul precipitation inch= |Aug precipitation inch= |Sep precipitation inch= |Oct precipitation inch= |Nov precipitation inch= |Dec precipitation inch= |year precipitation inch= <!--Rainfall--> |rain colour= <!--Enter "green" for green rainfall colors, remove this line for blue coloring.--> |Jan rain inch = |Feb rain inch = |Mar rain inch = |Apr rain inch = |May rain inch = |Jun rain inch = |Jul rain inch = |Aug rain inch = |Sep rain inch = |Oct rain inch = |Nov rain inch = |Dec rain inch = |year rain inch = <!--Snowfall--> |Jan snow inch= |Feb snow inch= |Mar snow inch= |Apr snow inch= |May snow inch= |Jun snow inch= |Jul snow inch= |Aug snow inch= |Sep snow inch= |Oct snow inch= |Nov snow inch= |Dec snow inch= |year snow inch= <!--Average daily % humidity--> |Jan humidity= |Feb humidity= |Mar humidity= |Apr humidity= |May humidity= |Jun humidity= |Jul humidity= |Aug humidity= |Sep humidity= |Oct humidity= |Nov humidity= |Dec humidity= |year humidity= <!-- If entering the average daily % humidity, then the humidex table should be used. As of December 2009, few if any countries other than Canada use the Humidex.--> <!--Maximum Humidex--> |Jan maximum humidex= |Feb maximum humidex= |Mar maximum humidex= |Apr maximum humidex= |May maximum humidex= |Jun maximum humidex= |Jul maximum humidex= |Aug maximum humidex= |Sep maximum humidex= |Oct maximum humidex= |Nov maximum humidex= |Dec maximum humidex= |year maximum humidex= <!--Minimum Wind Chill--> |Jan chill= |Feb chill= |Mar chill= |Apr chill= |May chill= |Jun chill= |Jul chill= |Aug chill= |Sep chill= |Oct chill= |Nov chill= |Dec chill= |year chill= <!--Average number of precipitation days--> |unit precipitation days= <!--If entering the average number of days, then the unit requirement should be used, because this varies between countries. Eg. 0.1 in, 0.01 in.--> |Jan precipitation days= |Feb precipitation days= |Mar precipitation days= |Apr precipitation days= |May precipitation days= |Jun precipitation days= |Jul precipitation days= |Aug precipitation days= |Sep precipitation days= |Oct precipitation days= |Nov precipitation days= |Dec precipitation days= |year precipitation days= <!--Average number of rainy days--> |unit rain days= <!--If entering the average number of days, then the unit requirement should be used, because this varies between countries. Eg. 0.1 in, 0.01 in.--> |Jan rain days= |Feb rain days= |Mar rain days= |Apr rain days= |May rain days= |Jun rain days= |Jul rain days= |Aug rain days= |Sep rain days= |Oct rain days= |Nov rain days= |Dec rain days= |year rain days= <!--Average number of snowy days--> |unit snow days= <!--If entering the average number of days, then the unit requirement should be used, because this varies between countries. Eg. 0.1 in, 0.01 in.--> |Jan snow days= |Feb snow days= |Mar snow days= |Apr snow days= |May snow days= |Jun snow days= |Jul snow days= |Aug snow days= |Sep snow days= |Oct snow days= |Nov snow days= |Dec snow days= |year snow days= <!--Average monthly sunshine hours, monthly totals are preferred, and will produce colors, but percentages are accepted.--> |Jan sun= |Feb sun= <!-- if the source gives daily hours, please multiply by 28.25, not 28 --> |Mar sun= |Apr sun= |May sun= |Jun sun= |Jul sun= |Aug sun= |Sep sun= |Oct sun= |Nov sun= |Dec sun= |year sun= <!--Mandatory fields, source--> |source 1= <ref name= > {{Cite web |url= |title= |publisher= |accessdate=</nowiki>{{#time:F j, Y}}<nowiki> }}</ref> <!--For a second source--> |source 2= <ref name= > {{Cite web |url= |title= |publisher= |accessdate=</nowiki>{{#time:F j, Y}}<nowiki> }}</ref> }}<!--Infobox ends--> </nowiki>|style=overflow: auto}} == Metric-only empty syntax == Will covert and display imperial values automatically. {{#tag:pre|<nowiki> {{Weather box <!--Infobox begins--> |collapsed= <!--Any entry in this line will make the template initially collapsed. Leave blank or remove this line for uncollapsed.--> |open= <!--Any entry in this line will make the template permanently open, and remove the hide button. Remove this line for a collapsable table.--> |metric first= <!--Any entry in this line will display metric first. Leave blank or remove this line for imperial first.--> |single line= <!--Any entry in this line will display metric and imperial units in the same cell. Leave blank or remove this line for separate table rows.--> |location= <!--Mandatory field, location the climate data was taken, usually an airport.--> |temperature colour= <!--Enter "pastel" for pastel temperature colours, remove this line for the standard colouring.--> <!--Maximum Humidex--> |Jan maximum humidex= |Feb maximum humidex= |Mar maximum humidex= |Apr maximum humidex= |May maximum humidex= |Jun maximum humidex= |Jul maximum humidex= |Aug maximum humidex= |Sep maximum humidex= |Oct maximum humidex= |Nov maximum humidex= |Dec maximum humidex= |year maximum humidex= <!--Record high temperatures--> <!--Note that record temperatures should be used sparingly in main city articles, and should only be used when the data period is of the greatest length possible.--> |Jan record high C= |Feb record high C= |Mar record high C= |Apr record high C= |May record high C= |Jun record high C= |Jul record high C= |Aug record high C= |Sep record high C= |Oct record high C= |Nov record high C= |Dec record high C= |year record high C= <!--Average high temperatures--> |Jan high C= |Feb high C= |Mar high C= |Apr high C= |May high C= |Jun high C= |Jul high C= |Aug high C= |Sep high C= |Oct high C= |Nov high C= |Dec high C= |year high C= <!--Mean daily temperature--> |Jan mean C= |Feb mean C= |Mar mean C= |Apr mean C= |May mean C= |Jun mean C= |Jul mean C= |Aug mean C= |Sep mean C= |Oct mean C= |Nov mean C= |Dec mean C= |year mean C= <!--Average low temperatures--> |Jan low C= |Feb low C= |Mar low C= |Apr low C= |May low C= |Jun low C= |Jul low C= |Aug low C= |Sep low C= |Oct low C= |Nov low C= |Dec low C= |year low C= <!--Record low temperatures--> <!--Note that record temperatures should be used sparingly in main city articles, and should only be used when the data period is of the greatest length possible.--> |Jan record low C= |Feb record low C= |Mar record low C= |Apr record low C= |May record low C= |Jun record low C= |Jul record low C= |Aug record low C= |Sep record low C= |Oct record low C= |Nov record low C= |Dec record low C= |year record low C= <!--Minimum Wind Chill--> |Jan chill= |Feb chill= |Mar chill= |Apr chill= |May chill= |Jun chill= |Jul chill= |Aug chill= |Sep chill= |Oct chill= |Nov chill= |Dec chill= |year chill= <!--Total Precipitation, this should include rain and snow.--> |precipitation colour= <!--Enter "green" for green precipitation colours, remove this line for blue colouring.--> <!--IMPORTANT: use mm or cm but NOT both!--> |Jan precipitation cm= |Jan precipitation mm= |Feb precipitation cm= |Feb precipitation mm= |Mar precipitation cm= |Mar precipitation mm= |Apr precipitation cm= |Apr precipitation mm= |May precipitation cm= |May precipitation mm= |Jun precipitation cm= |Jun precipitation mm= |Jul precipitation cm= |Jul precipitation mm= |Aug precipitation cm= |Aug precipitation mm= |Sep precipitation cm= |Sep precipitation mm= |Oct precipitation cm= |Oct precipitation mm= |Nov precipitation cm= |Nov precipitation mm= |Dec precipitation cm= |Dec precipitation mm= |year precipitation cm= |year precipitation mm= <!--Rainfall--> |rain colour= <!--Enter "green" for green rainfall colours, remove this line for blue colouring.--> <!--IMPORTANT: use mm or cm but NOT both!--> |Jan rain cm= |Jan rain mm= |Feb rain cm= |Feb rain mm= |Mar rain cm= |Mar rain mm= |Apr rain cm= |Apr rain mm= |May rain cm= |May rain mm= |Jun rain cm= |Jun rain mm= |Jul rain cm= |Jul rain mm= |Aug rain cm= |Aug rain mm= |Sep rain cm= |Sep rain mm= |Oct rain cm= |Oct rain mm= |Nov rain cm= |Nov rain mm= |Dec rain cm= |Dec rain mm= |year rain cm= |year rain mm= <!--Snowfall--> <!--IMPORTANT: use mm or cm but NOT both!--> |Jan snow cm= |Jan snow mm= |Feb snow cm= |Feb snow mm= |Mar snow cm= |Mar snow mm= |Apr snow cm= |Apr snow mm= |May snow cm= |May snow mm= |Jun snow cm= |Jun snow mm= |Jul snow cm= |Jul snow mm= |Aug snow cm= |Aug snow mm= |Sep snow cm= |Sep snow mm= |Oct snow cm= |Oct snow mm= |Nov snow cm= |Nov snow mm= |Dec snow cm= |Dec snow mm= |year snow cm= |year snow mm= <!--Average daily % humidity--> <!-- If entering the average daily % humidity, then the humidex table should be used. As of December 2009, few if any countries other than Canada use the Humidex.--> |Jan humidity= |Feb humidity= |Mar humidity= |Apr humidity= |May humidity= |Jun humidity= |Jul humidity= |Aug humidity= |Sep humidity= |Oct humidity= |Nov humidity= |Dec humidity= |year humidity= <!--Average number of precipitation days--> |unit precipitation days= <!--If entering the average number of days, then the unit requirement should be used, because this varies between countries. Eg. 0.2 cm, 0.2 mm.--> |Jan precipitation days= |Feb precipitation days= |Mar precipitation days= |Apr precipitation days= |May precipitation days= |Jun precipitation days= |Jul precipitation days= |Aug precipitation days= |Sep precipitation days= |Oct precipitation days= |Nov precipitation days= |Dec precipitation days= |year precipitation days= <!--Average number of rainy days--> |unit rain days= <!--If entering the average number of days, then the unit requirement should be used, because this varies between countries. Eg. 0.2 cm, 0.2 mm.--> |Jan rain days= |Feb rain days= |Mar rain days= |Apr rain days= |May rain days= |Jun rain days= |Jul rain days= |Aug rain days= |Sep rain days= |Oct rain days= |Nov rain days= |Dec rain days= |year rain days= <!--Average number of snowy days--> |unit snow days= <!--If entering the average number of days, then the unit requirement should be used, because this varies between countries. Eg. 0.2 cm, 0.2 mm.--> |Jan snow days= |Feb snow days= |Mar snow days= |Apr snow days= |May snow days= |Jun snow days= |Jul snow days= |Aug snow days= |Sep snow days= |Oct snow days= |Nov snow days= |Dec snow days= |year snow days= <!--Average monthly sunshine hours, monthly totals are preferred, and will produce colours, but percentages are accepted.--> |Jan sun= |Feb sun= <!-- if the source gives daily hours, please multiply by 28.25, not 28 --> |Mar sun= |Apr sun= |May sun= |Jun sun= |Jul sun= |Aug sun= |Sep sun= |Oct sun= |Nov sun= |Dec sun= |year sun= <!--Mandatory fields, source--> |source 1= <ref name= > {{Cite web |url= |title= |publisher= |accessdate=</nowiki>{{#time:F j, Y}}<nowiki> }}</ref> <!--For a second source--> |source 2= <ref name= > {{Cite web |url= |title= |publisher= |accessdate=</nowiki>{{#time:F j, Y}}<nowiki> }}</ref> }}<!--Infobox ends--> </nowiki>|style=overflow: auto}} == Full empty syntax == When one parameter of one system is filled in, then the corresponding value will be converted and displayed automatically. {{#tag:pre|<nowiki> {{Weather box <!--Infobox begins--> |collapsed= <!--Any entry in this line will make the template initially collapsed. Leave blank or remove this line for uncollapsed.--> |open= <!--Any entry in this line will make the template permanently open, and remove the hide button. Remove this line for a collapsable table.--> |metric first= <!--Any entry in this line will display metric first. Leave blank or remove this line for imperial first.--> |single line= <!--Any entry in this line will display metric and imperial units in the same cell. Leave blank or remove this line for separate table rows.--> |location= <!--Mandatory field, location the climate data was taken, usually an airport.--> |temperature colour= <!--Enter "pastel" for pastel temperature colors, remove this line for the standard coloring.--> <!--Maximum Humidex--> |Jan maximum humidex= |Feb maximum humidex= |Mar maximum humidex= |Apr maximum humidex= |May maximum humidex= |Jun maximum humidex= |Jul maximum humidex= |Aug maximum humidex= |Sep maximum humidex= |Oct maximum humidex= |Nov maximum humidex= |Dec maximum humidex= |year maximum humidex= <!--Record high temperatures--> <!--Note that record temperatures should be used sparingly in main city articles, and should only be used when the data period is of the greatest length possible.--> |Jan record high F= |Jan record high C= |Feb record high F= |Feb record high C= |Mar record high F= |Mar record high C= |Apr record high F= |Apr record high C= |May record high F= |May record high C= |Jun record high F= |Jun record high C= |Jul record high F= |Jul record high C= |Aug record high F= |Aug record high C= |Sep record high F= |Sep record high C= |Oct record high F= |Oct record high C= |Nov record high F= |Nov record high C= |Dec record high F= |Dec record high C= |year record high F= |year record high C= <!--Average high temperatures--> |Jan high F= |Jan high C= |Feb high F= |Feb high C= |Mar high F= |Mar high C= |Apr high F= |Apr high C= |May high F= |May high C= |Jun high F= |Jun high C= |Jul high F= |Jul high C= |Aug high F= |Aug high C= |Sep high F= |Sep high C= |Oct high F= |Oct high C= |Nov high F= |Nov high C= |Dec high F= |Dec high C= |year high F= |year high C= <!--Mean daily temperature--> |Jan mean F= |Jan mean C= |Feb mean F= |Feb mean C= |Mar mean F= |Mar mean C= |Apr mean F= |Apr mean C= |May mean F= |May mean C= |Jun mean F= |Jun mean C= |Jul mean F= |Jul mean C= |Aug mean F= |Aug mean C= |Sep mean F= |Sep mean C= |Oct mean F= |Oct mean C= |Nov mean F= |Nov mean C= |Dec mean F= |Dec mean C= |year mean F= |year mean C= <!--Average low temperatures--> |Jan low F= |Jan low C= |Feb low F= |Feb low C= |Mar low F= |Mar low C= |Apr low F= |Apr low C= |May low F= |May low C= |Jun low F= |Jun low C= |Jul low F= |Jul low C= |Aug low F= |Aug low C= |Sep low F= |Sep low C= |Oct low F= |Oct low C= |Nov low F= |Nov low C= |Dec low F= |Dec low C= |year low F= |year low C= <!--Record low temperatures--> <!--Note that record temperatures should be used sparingly in main city articles, and should only be used when the data period is of the greatest length possible.--> |Jan record low F= |Jan record low C= |Feb record low F= |Feb record low C= |Mar record low F= |Mar record low C= |Apr record low F= |Apr record low C= |May record low F= |May record low C= |Jun record low F= |Jun record low C= |Jul record low F= |Jul record low C= |Aug record low F= |Aug record low C= |Sep record low F= |Sep record low C= |Oct record low F= |Oct record low C= |Nov record low F= |Nov record low C= |Dec record low F= |Dec record low C= |year record low F= |year record low C= <!--Minimum Wind Chill--> |Jan chill= |Feb chill= |Mar chill= |Apr chill= |May chill= |Jun chill= |Jul chill= |Aug chill= |Sep chill= |Oct chill= |Nov chill= |Dec chill= |year chill= <!--Total Precipitation, this should include rain and snow.--> |precipitation colour= <!--Enter "green" for green precipitation colors, remove this line for blue coloring.--> <!--IMPORTANT: use only one unit type!--> |Jan precipitation inch= |Jan precipitation cm= |Jan precipitation mm= |Feb precipitation inch= |Feb precipitation cm= |Feb precipitation mm= |Mar precipitation inch= |Mar precipitation cm= |Mar precipitation mm= |Apr precipitation inch= |Apr precipitation cm= |Apr precipitation mm= |May precipitation inch= |May precipitation cm= |May precipitation mm= |Jun precipitation inch= |Jun precipitation cm= |Jun precipitation mm= |Jul precipitation inch= |Jul precipitation cm= |Jul precipitation mm= |Aug precipitation inch= |Aug precipitation cm= |Aug precipitation mm= |Sep precipitation inch= |Sep precipitation cm= |Sep precipitation mm= |Oct precipitation inch= |Oct precipitation cm= |Oct precipitation mm= |Nov precipitation inch= |Nov precipitation cm= |Nov precipitation mm= |Dec precipitation inch= |Dec precipitation cm= |Dec precipitation mm= |year precipitation inch= |year precipitation cm= |year precipitation mm= <!--Rainfall--> |rain colour= <!--Enter "green" for green rainfall colors, remove this line for blue coloring.--> <!--IMPORTANT: use only one unit type!--> |Jan rain inch= |Jan rain cm= |Jan rain mm= |Feb rain inch= |Feb rain cm= |Feb rain mm= |Mar rain inch= |Mar rain cm= |Mar rain mm= |Apr rain inch= |Apr rain cm= |Apr rain mm= |May rain inch= |May rain cm= |May rain mm= |Jun rain inch= |Jun rain cm= |Jun rain mm= |Jul rain inch= |Jul rain cm= |Jul rain mm= |Aug rain inch= |Aug rain cm= |Aug rain mm= |Sep rain inch= |Sep rain cm= |Sep rain mm= |Oct rain inch= |Oct rain cm= |Oct rain mm= |Nov rain inch= |Nov rain cm= |Nov rain mm= |Dec rain inch= |Dec rain cm= |Dec rain mm= |year rain inch= |year rain cm= |year rain mm= <!--Snowfall--> <!--IMPORTANT: use only one unit type!--> |Jan snow inch= |Jan snow cm= |Jan snow mm= |Feb snow inch= |Feb snow cm= |Feb snow mm= |Mar snow inch= |Mar snow cm= |Mar snow mm= |Apr snow inch= |Apr snow cm= |Apr snow mm= |May snow inch= |May snow cm= |May snow mm= |Jun snow inch= |Jun snow cm= |Jun snow mm= |Jul snow inch= |Jul snow cm= |Jul snow mm= |Aug snow inch= |Aug snow cm= |Aug snow mm= |Sep snow inch= |Sep snow cm= |Sep snow mm= |Oct snow inch= |Oct snow cm= |Oct snow mm= |Nov snow inch= |Nov snow cm= |Nov snow mm= |Dec snow inch= |Dec snow cm= |Dec snow mm= |year snow inch= |year snow cm= |year snow mm= <!--Average daily % humidity--> <!-- If entering the average daily % humidity, then the humidex table should be used. As of December 2009, few if any countries other than Canada use the Humidex.--> |Jan humidity= |Feb humidity= |Mar humidity= |Apr humidity= |May humidity= |Jun humidity= |Jul humidity= |Aug humidity= |Sep humidity= |Oct humidity= |Nov humidity= |Dec humidity= |year humidity= <!--Average number of precipitation days--> |unit precipitation days= <!--If entering the average number of days, then the unit requirement should be used, because this varies between countries. Eg. 0.01 in, 0.2 mm.--> |Jan precipitation days= |Feb precipitation days= |Mar precipitation days= |Apr precipitation days= |May precipitation days= |Jun precipitation days= |Jul precipitation days= |Aug precipitation days= |Sep precipitation days= |Oct precipitation days= |Nov precipitation days= |Dec precipitation days= |year precipitation days= <!--Average number of rainy days--> |unit rain days= <!--If entering the average number of days, then the unit requirement should be used, because this varies between countries. Eg. 0.01 in, 0.2 mm.--> |Jan rain days= |Feb rain days= |Mar rain days= |Apr rain days= |May rain days= |Jun rain days= |Jul rain days= |Aug rain days= |Sep rain days= |Oct rain days= |Nov rain days= |Dec rain days= |year rain days= <!--Average number of snowy days--> |unit snow days= <!--If entering the average number of days, then the unit requirement should be used, because this varies between countries. Eg. 0.1 in, 0.2 cm.--> |Jan snow days= |Feb snow days= |Mar snow days= |Apr snow days= |May snow days= |Jun snow days= |Jul snow days= |Aug snow days= |Sep snow days= |Oct snow days= |Nov snow days= |Dec snow days= |year snow days= <!--Average monthly sunshine hours, monthly totals are preferred, and will produce colors, but percentages are accepted.--> |Jan sun= |Feb sun= <!-- if the source gives daily hours, please multiply by 28.25, not 28 --> |Mar sun= |Apr sun= |May sun= |Jun sun= |Jul sun= |Aug sun= |Sep sun= |Oct sun= |Nov sun= |Dec sun= |year sun= <!--Mandatory fields, source--> |source 1= <ref name= > {{Cite web |url= |title= |publisher= |accessdate=</nowiki>{{#time:F j, Y}}<nowiki> }}</ref> <!--For a second source--> |source 2= <ref name= > {{Cite web |url= |title= |publisher= |accessdate=</nowiki>{{#time:F j, Y}}<nowiki> }}</ref> }}<!--Infobox ends--> </nowiki>|style=overflow: auto}} == Concise forms == There are shorter templates that invoke &#123;{Weather box}} with 36 condensed parameters: :* {{Tlx|Weather box/concise C}} - for coding only average high and low, and precipitation in [[Celsius]] and [[Millimetre]]s. :* {{Tlx|Weather box/concise_F}} - for coding only average high and low, and precipitation in [[Fahrenheit]] and [[Inch]]es. == Similar templates == * {{tl|Climate chart}} - which displays climate information in a graphical chart format. <noinclude> [[Category:Weather box|Documentation]] [[ar:قالب:حالة الطقس/شرح]] [[bg:Шаблон:Климатична таблица/doc]] [[cs:Šablona:Počasí/doc]] [[da:Skabelon:Infoboks vejr/doc]] [[es:Plantilla:Clima/doc]] [[fr:Modèle:Relevé météo/Documentation]] [[ja:Template:Infobox Weather/doc]] [[ka:თარგი:ინფოდაფა ამინდი/ინფო]] [[pt:Predefinição:Tabela/Clima/doc]] [[ru:Шаблон:Климат местности/doc]] [[sv:Mall:Klimattabell/dok]] [[uk:Шаблон:Клімат міста/Документація]] [[zh:模板:Infobox Weather/doc]] </noinclude><includeonly> [[Category:Weather box| ]] [[ar:قالب:حالة الطقس]] [[az:Şablon:Şəhərin iqlimi]] [[bg:Шаблон:Климатична таблица]] [[cs:Šablona:Počasí]] [[da:Skabelon:Infoboks vejr]] [[de:Vorlage:Klimatabelle]] [[es:Plantilla:Clima]] [[fr:Modèle:Relevé météo]] [[ia:Patrono:Infobox Weather]] [[he:תבנית:מזג אוויר]] [[ja:Template:Infobox Weather]] [[ka:თარგი:ინფოდაფა ამინდი]] [[ko:틀:기후 정보]] [[mk:Шаблон:Инфокутија-време]] [[pt:Predefinição:Infobox Clima]] [[ru:Шаблон:Климат города]] [[sv:Mall:Klimattabell]] [[uk:Шаблон:Клімат міста]] [[ur:سانچہ:Infobox Weather]] [[zh:模板:Infobox Weather]] </includeonly> tau8hk3bsv2eajio4enhsgjkj8pf7g8 0 25229 130137 2026-08-21T07:08:56Z Randervik 18653 Randervik ຍ້າຍໜ້າ [[ຄີຕາເວັນຕົກ]] ໄປ [[ຄີເວສ]]: ຊື່ສະກົດຜິດ 130137 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ຄີເວສ]] jbhxtnonyy2dj3id51luzwq9494ie5m 130140 130137 2026-08-21T07:09:51Z Randervik 18653 Removed redirect to [[ຄີເວສ]] 130140 wikitext text/x-wiki {{delete}} 35r2j9t4ectnt1cmb7mlgcqvwz6h5k6 0 25230 130141 2026-08-21T07:56:40Z Randervik 18653 ສ້າງໜ້າດ້ວຍ "'''ການແຂ່ງຂັນຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2026''' (ຊື່ທາງການແມ່ນ ASEAN Hyundai Cup 2026[1] ຕັ້ງຕາມການສະໜັບສະໜຸນ), ຫຼືເອີ້ນງ່າຍໆວ່າ ASEAN Cup 2026, ເປັນການຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ ຄັ້ງທີ 16, ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊາຍລະດັບສາກົນຂອງອາຊ..." 130141 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ການແຂ່ງຂັນຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2026''' (ຊື່ທາງການແມ່ນ ASEAN Hyundai Cup 2026[1] ຕັ້ງຕາມການສະໜັບສະໜຸນ), ຫຼືເອີ້ນງ່າຍໆວ່າ ASEAN Cup 2026, ເປັນການຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ ຄັ້ງທີ 16, ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊາຍລະດັບສາກົນຂອງອາຊີຕາເວັນອອກສ່ຽງໃຕ້ ຈັດໂດຍສະຫະພັນບານເຕະອາຊຽນ (AFF) ແລະ ເປັນຄັ້ງທີ 1 ພາຍໃຕ້ຊື່ ASEAN Hyundai Cup. ການແຂ່ງຂັນແມ່ນເພື່ອສະເຫຼີມສະຫຼອງການຄົບຮອບ 30 ປີຂອງການແຂ່ງຂັນ.[2] 299pmb2192f0cepgmru3cs42evukpwy 130143 130141 2026-08-21T07:59:23Z Randervik 18653 130143 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ການແຂ່ງຂັນຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2026''' (ຊື່ທາງການແມ່ນ ASEAN Hyundai Cup 2026<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aseanutdfc.com/asean-championship/2025/news/partnership-announcement-hyundai-cup|title=HYUNDAI MOTOR NAMED NEW TITLE PARTNER OF THE ASEAN CHAMPIONSHIP, NOW KNOWN AS THE ASEAN HYUNDAI CUP™|publisher=ASEAN United FC|work=aseanutdfc.com|date=14 November 2025|accessdate=14 November 2025}}</ref> ຕັ້ງຕາມການສະໜັບສະໜຸນ), ຫຼືເອີ້ນງ່າຍໆວ່າ ASEAN Cup 2026, ເປັນການຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ ຄັ້ງທີ 16, ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊາຍລະດັບສາກົນຂອງອາຊີຕາເວັນອອກສ່ຽງໃຕ້ ຈັດໂດຍສະຫະພັນບານເຕະອາຊຽນ (AFF) ແລະ ເປັນຄັ້ງທີ 1 ພາຍໃຕ້ຊື່ ASEAN Hyundai Cup. ການແຂ່ງຂັນແມ່ນເພື່ອສະເຫຼີມສະຫຼອງການຄົບຮອບ 30 ປີຂອງການແຂ່ງຂັນ.<ref name="schedule confirmed">{{cite web|url=https://aseanutdfc.com/asean-championship/2025/news/dates-confirmed-as-asean-hyundai-cup-celebrates-30th-anniversary-in-2026|title=DATES CONFIRMED AS ASEAN HYUNDAI CUP™ CELEBRATES 30TH ANNIVERSARY IN 2026|publisher=ASEAN United FC|website=aseanutdfc.com|date=14 November 2025|accessdate=14 November 2025}}</ref> == ອ້າງອີງ == 55egjg6t6rrcx9i4472rnnqsen360l7 130144 130143 2026-08-21T08:00:31Z Randervik 18653 130144 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox international football competition|tourney_name=ASEAN Championship|year=2026|other_titles=|image=2026 ASEAN Championship Logo.svg|size=180|caption=|dates=24 July – 26 August|num_teams=10|sub-confederations=1|champion=|runners-up=|venues=10|cities=10|matches=24|goals=81|attendance={{#expr: <!--Group A--> 27790 + 195 + 4665 + 22485 + 189 + 31569 + 6548 + 27265 + 19628 + 5113 <!--Group B-->+ 10500 + 7678 + 3104 + 10044 + 1188 + 16037 + 11600 + 2786 + 12734 + 13026 <!--Semi-finals-->+ 5358 + 10141 + 10802 + 37966 <!--Final-->+ 0 + 0}}|top_scorer={{#invoke:Goalscorers|topscorer|2026 ASEAN Championship}}|prevseason=[[2024 ASEAN Championship|2024]]|nextseason=''[[2028 ASEAN Championship|2028]]''}} '''ການແຂ່ງຂັນຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2026''' (ຊື່ທາງການແມ່ນ ASEAN Hyundai Cup 2026<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aseanutdfc.com/asean-championship/2025/news/partnership-announcement-hyundai-cup|title=HYUNDAI MOTOR NAMED NEW TITLE PARTNER OF THE ASEAN CHAMPIONSHIP, NOW KNOWN AS THE ASEAN HYUNDAI CUP™|publisher=ASEAN United FC|work=aseanutdfc.com|date=14 November 2025|accessdate=14 November 2025}}</ref> ຕັ້ງຕາມການສະໜັບສະໜຸນ), ຫຼືເອີ້ນງ່າຍໆວ່າ ASEAN Cup 2026, ເປັນການຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ ຄັ້ງທີ 16, ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊາຍລະດັບສາກົນຂອງອາຊີຕາເວັນອອກສ່ຽງໃຕ້ ຈັດໂດຍສະຫະພັນບານເຕະອາຊຽນ (AFF) ແລະ ເປັນຄັ້ງທີ 1 ພາຍໃຕ້ຊື່ ASEAN Hyundai Cup. ການແຂ່ງຂັນແມ່ນເພື່ອສະເຫຼີມສະຫຼອງການຄົບຮອບ 30 ປີຂອງການແຂ່ງຂັນ.<ref name="schedule confirmed">{{cite web|url=https://aseanutdfc.com/asean-championship/2025/news/dates-confirmed-as-asean-hyundai-cup-celebrates-30th-anniversary-in-2026|title=DATES CONFIRMED AS ASEAN HYUNDAI CUP™ CELEBRATES 30TH ANNIVERSARY IN 2026|publisher=ASEAN United FC|website=aseanutdfc.com|date=14 November 2025|accessdate=14 November 2025}}</ref> == ອ້າງອີງ == 3v6ac9dwqphkvab0jvaeml8rulpte8p 130145 130144 2026-08-21T08:02:17Z Randervik 18653 130145 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox international football competition|tourney_name=ການແຂ່ງຂັນຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ|year=2026|other_titles=|image=|size=180|caption=|dates=ວັນທີ 24 ກໍລະກົດ – 26 ສິງຫາ|num_teams=10|sub-confederations=1|champion=|runners-up=|venues=10|cities=10|matches=24|goals=81|attendance={{#expr: <!--ກຸ່ມ A--> 27790 + 195 + 4665 + 22485 + 189 + 31569 + 6548 + 27265 + 19628 + 5113 <!--ກຸ່ມ B-->+ 10500 + 7678 + 3104 + 10044 + 1188 + 16037 + 11600 + 2786 + 12734 + 13026 <!--Semi-finals-->+ 5358 + 10141 + 10802 + 37966 <!--Final-->+ 0 + 0}}|top_scorer={{#invoke:Goalscorers|topscorer|2026 ASEAN Championship}}|prevseason=[[ການແຂ່ງຂັນຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2024|2024]]|nextseason=''[[ການແຂ່ງຂັນຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2028|2028]]''}} '''ການແຂ່ງຂັນຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2026''' (ຊື່ທາງການແມ່ນ ASEAN Hyundai Cup 2026<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aseanutdfc.com/asean-championship/2025/news/partnership-announcement-hyundai-cup|title=HYUNDAI MOTOR NAMED NEW TITLE PARTNER OF THE ASEAN CHAMPIONSHIP, NOW KNOWN AS THE ASEAN HYUNDAI CUP™|publisher=ASEAN United FC|work=aseanutdfc.com|date=14 November 2025|accessdate=14 November 2025}}</ref> ຕັ້ງຕາມການສະໜັບສະໜຸນ), ຫຼືເອີ້ນງ່າຍໆວ່າ ASEAN Cup 2026, ເປັນການຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ ຄັ້ງທີ 16, ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊາຍລະດັບສາກົນຂອງອາຊີຕາເວັນອອກສ່ຽງໃຕ້ ຈັດໂດຍສະຫະພັນບານເຕະອາຊຽນ (AFF) ແລະ ເປັນຄັ້ງທີ 1 ພາຍໃຕ້ຊື່ ASEAN Hyundai Cup. ການແຂ່ງຂັນແມ່ນເພື່ອສະເຫຼີມສະຫຼອງການຄົບຮອບ 30 ປີຂອງການແຂ່ງຂັນ.<ref name="schedule confirmed">{{cite web|url=https://aseanutdfc.com/asean-championship/2025/news/dates-confirmed-as-asean-hyundai-cup-celebrates-30th-anniversary-in-2026|title=DATES CONFIRMED AS ASEAN HYUNDAI CUP™ CELEBRATES 30TH ANNIVERSARY IN 2026|publisher=ASEAN United FC|website=aseanutdfc.com|date=14 November 2025|accessdate=14 November 2025}}</ref> == ອ້າງອີງ == 3zcp9ef6v41etxgqnqttxyrswrwk2g5 130146 130145 2026-08-21T08:02:52Z Randervik 18653 130146 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox international football competition|tourney_name=ການແຂ່ງຂັນຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ|year=2026|other_titles=|image=|size=180|caption=|dates=ວັນທີ 24 ກໍລະກົດ – 26 ສິງຫາ|num_teams=10|sub-confederations=1|champion=|runners-up=|venues=10|cities=10|matches=24|goals=81|attendance={{#expr: <!--ກຸ່ມ A--> 27790 + 195 + 4665 + 22485 + 189 + 31569 + 6548 + 27265 + 19628 + 5113 <!--ກຸ່ມ B-->+ 10500 + 7678 + 3104 + 10044 + 1188 + 16037 + 11600 + 2786 + 12734 + 13026 <!--Semi-finals-->+ 5358 + 10141 + 10802 + 37966 <!--Final-->+ 0 + 0}}|top_scorer=|prevseason=[[ການແຂ່ງຂັນຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2024|2024]]|nextseason=''[[ການແຂ່ງຂັນຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2028|2028]]''}} '''ການແຂ່ງຂັນຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2026''' (ຊື່ທາງການແມ່ນ ASEAN Hyundai Cup 2026<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aseanutdfc.com/asean-championship/2025/news/partnership-announcement-hyundai-cup|title=HYUNDAI MOTOR NAMED NEW TITLE PARTNER OF THE ASEAN CHAMPIONSHIP, NOW KNOWN AS THE ASEAN HYUNDAI CUP™|publisher=ASEAN United FC|work=aseanutdfc.com|date=14 November 2025|accessdate=14 November 2025}}</ref> ຕັ້ງຕາມການສະໜັບສະໜຸນ), ຫຼືເອີ້ນງ່າຍໆວ່າ ASEAN Cup 2026, ເປັນການຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ ຄັ້ງທີ 16, ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊາຍລະດັບສາກົນຂອງອາຊີຕາເວັນອອກສ່ຽງໃຕ້ ຈັດໂດຍສະຫະພັນບານເຕະອາຊຽນ (AFF) ແລະ ເປັນຄັ້ງທີ 1 ພາຍໃຕ້ຊື່ ASEAN Hyundai Cup. ການແຂ່ງຂັນແມ່ນເພື່ອສະເຫຼີມສະຫຼອງການຄົບຮອບ 30 ປີຂອງການແຂ່ງຂັນ.<ref name="schedule confirmed">{{cite web|url=https://aseanutdfc.com/asean-championship/2025/news/dates-confirmed-as-asean-hyundai-cup-celebrates-30th-anniversary-in-2026|title=DATES CONFIRMED AS ASEAN HYUNDAI CUP™ CELEBRATES 30TH ANNIVERSARY IN 2026|publisher=ASEAN United FC|website=aseanutdfc.com|date=14 November 2025|accessdate=14 November 2025}}</ref> == ອ້າງອີງ == jhmo6rf82jzufzs609gcr8eoqg28sb3 130147 130146 2026-08-21T08:05:32Z Randervik 18653 130147 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox international football competition|tourney_name=ການແຂ່ງຂັນຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ|year=2026|other_titles=|image=|size=180|caption=|dates=ວັນທີ 24 ກໍລະກົດ – 26 ສິງຫາ|num_teams=10|sub-confederations=1|champion=|runners-up=|venues=10|cities=10|matches=24|goals=81|attendance={{#expr: <!--ກຸ່ມ A--> 27790 + 195 + 4665 + 22485 + 189 + 31569 + 6548 + 27265 + 19628 + 5113 <!--ກຸ່ມ B-->+ 10500 + 7678 + 3104 + 10044 + 1188 + 16037 + 11600 + 2786 + 12734 + 13026 <!--Semi-finals-->+ 5358 + 10141 + 10802 + 37966 <!--Final-->+ 0 + 0}}|top_scorer=|prevseason=[[ການແຂ່ງຂັນຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2024|2024]]|nextseason=''[[ການແຂ່ງຂັນຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2028|2028]]''}} '''ການແຂ່ງຂັນຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2026''' (ຊື່ທາງການແມ່ນ '''ASEAN Hyundai Cup 2026'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aseanutdfc.com/asean-championship/2025/news/partnership-announcement-hyundai-cup|title=HYUNDAI MOTOR NAMED NEW TITLE PARTNER OF THE ASEAN CHAMPIONSHIP, NOW KNOWN AS THE ASEAN HYUNDAI CUP™|publisher=ASEAN United FC|work=aseanutdfc.com|date=14 November 2025|accessdate=14 November 2025}}</ref> ຕັ້ງຕາມການສະໜັບສະໜຸນ), ຫຼືເອີ້ນງ່າຍໆວ່າ '''ASEAN Cup 2026''', ເປັນການຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ ຄັ້ງທີ 16, ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊາຍລະດັບສາກົນຂອງອາຊີຕາເວັນອອກສ່ຽງໃຕ້ ຈັດໂດຍສະຫະພັນບານເຕະອາຊຽນ (AFF) ແລະ ເປັນຄັ້ງທີ 1 ພາຍໃຕ້ຊື່ ASEAN Hyundai Cup. ການແຂ່ງຂັນແມ່ນເພື່ອສະເຫຼີມສະຫຼອງການຄົບຮອບ 30 ປີຂອງການແຂ່ງຂັນ.<ref name="schedule confirmed">{{cite web|url=https://aseanutdfc.com/asean-championship/2025/news/dates-confirmed-as-asean-hyundai-cup-celebrates-30th-anniversary-in-2026|title=DATES CONFIRMED AS ASEAN HYUNDAI CUP™ CELEBRATES 30TH ANNIVERSARY IN 2026|publisher=ASEAN United FC|website=aseanutdfc.com|date=14 November 2025|accessdate=14 November 2025}}</ref> == ອ້າງອີງ == 9ojnwe1fxth5awtjph3sra3k7qgwlj9 130148 130147 2026-08-21T08:06:35Z Randervik 18653 130148 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox international football competition|tourney_name=ການແຂ່ງຂັນຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ|year=2026|other_titles=|image=|size=180|caption=|dates=ວັນທີ 24 ກໍລະກົດ – 26 ສິງຫາ|num_teams=10|sub-confederations=1|champion=|runners-up=|venues=10|cities=10|matches=24|goals=81|attendance={{#expr: <!--ກຸ່ມ A--> 27790 + 195 + 4665 + 22485 + 189 + 31569 + 6548 + 27265 + 19628 + 5113 <!--ກຸ່ມ B-->+ 10500 + 7678 + 3104 + 10044 + 1188 + 16037 + 11600 + 2786 + 12734 + 13026 <!--Semi-finals-->+ 5358 + 10141 + 10802 + 37966 <!--Final-->+ 0 + 0}}|top_scorer=|prevseason=[[ການແຂ່ງຂັນຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2024|2024]]|nextseason=''[[ການແຂ່ງຂັນຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2028|2028]]''}} '''ການແຂ່ງຂັນຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2026''' (ຊື່ທາງການແມ່ນ '''ASEAN Hyundai Cup 2026'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aseanutdfc.com/asean-championship/2025/news/partnership-announcement-hyundai-cup|title=HYUNDAI MOTOR NAMED NEW TITLE PARTNER OF THE ASEAN CHAMPIONSHIP, NOW KNOWN AS THE ASEAN HYUNDAI CUP™|publisher=ASEAN United FC|work=aseanutdfc.com|date=14 November 2025|accessdate=14 November 2025}}</ref> ຕັ້ງຕາມການສະໜັບສະໜຸນ), ຫຼືເອີ້ນງ່າຍໆວ່າ '''ASEAN Cup 2026''', ເປັນການຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ ຄັ້ງທີ 16, ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊາຍລະດັບສາກົນຂອງອາຊີຕາເວັນອອກສ່ຽງໃຕ້ ຈັດໂດຍ[[ສະຫະພັນບານເຕະອາຊຽນ]] (AFF) ແລະ ເປັນຄັ້ງທີ 1 ພາຍໃຕ້ຊື່ ASEAN Hyundai Cup. ການແຂ່ງຂັນແມ່ນເພື່ອສະເຫຼີມສະຫຼອງການຄົບຮອບ 30 ປີຂອງການແຂ່ງຂັນ.<ref name="schedule confirmed">{{cite web|url=https://aseanutdfc.com/asean-championship/2025/news/dates-confirmed-as-asean-hyundai-cup-celebrates-30th-anniversary-in-2026|title=DATES CONFIRMED AS ASEAN HYUNDAI CUP™ CELEBRATES 30TH ANNIVERSARY IN 2026|publisher=ASEAN United FC|website=aseanutdfc.com|date=14 November 2025|accessdate=14 November 2025}}</ref> == ອ້າງອີງ == qq63fkh483fbzk2exx5ubjfr3wb4nr3 130149 130148 2026-08-21T08:09:23Z Randervik 18653 Randervik ຍ້າຍໜ້າ [[ການແຂ່ງຂັນຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2026]] ໄປ [[ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2026]]: ຊື່ສະກົດຜິດ 130148 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox international football competition|tourney_name=ການແຂ່ງຂັນຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ|year=2026|other_titles=|image=|size=180|caption=|dates=ວັນທີ 24 ກໍລະກົດ – 26 ສິງຫາ|num_teams=10|sub-confederations=1|champion=|runners-up=|venues=10|cities=10|matches=24|goals=81|attendance={{#expr: <!--ກຸ່ມ A--> 27790 + 195 + 4665 + 22485 + 189 + 31569 + 6548 + 27265 + 19628 + 5113 <!--ກຸ່ມ B-->+ 10500 + 7678 + 3104 + 10044 + 1188 + 16037 + 11600 + 2786 + 12734 + 13026 <!--Semi-finals-->+ 5358 + 10141 + 10802 + 37966 <!--Final-->+ 0 + 0}}|top_scorer=|prevseason=[[ການແຂ່ງຂັນຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2024|2024]]|nextseason=''[[ການແຂ່ງຂັນຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2028|2028]]''}} '''ການແຂ່ງຂັນຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2026''' (ຊື່ທາງການແມ່ນ '''ASEAN Hyundai Cup 2026'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aseanutdfc.com/asean-championship/2025/news/partnership-announcement-hyundai-cup|title=HYUNDAI MOTOR NAMED NEW TITLE PARTNER OF THE ASEAN CHAMPIONSHIP, NOW KNOWN AS THE ASEAN HYUNDAI CUP™|publisher=ASEAN United FC|work=aseanutdfc.com|date=14 November 2025|accessdate=14 November 2025}}</ref> ຕັ້ງຕາມການສະໜັບສະໜຸນ), ຫຼືເອີ້ນງ່າຍໆວ່າ '''ASEAN Cup 2026''', ເປັນການຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ ຄັ້ງທີ 16, ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊາຍລະດັບສາກົນຂອງອາຊີຕາເວັນອອກສ່ຽງໃຕ້ ຈັດໂດຍ[[ສະຫະພັນບານເຕະອາຊຽນ]] (AFF) ແລະ ເປັນຄັ້ງທີ 1 ພາຍໃຕ້ຊື່ ASEAN Hyundai Cup. ການແຂ່ງຂັນແມ່ນເພື່ອສະເຫຼີມສະຫຼອງການຄົບຮອບ 30 ປີຂອງການແຂ່ງຂັນ.<ref name="schedule confirmed">{{cite web|url=https://aseanutdfc.com/asean-championship/2025/news/dates-confirmed-as-asean-hyundai-cup-celebrates-30th-anniversary-in-2026|title=DATES CONFIRMED AS ASEAN HYUNDAI CUP™ CELEBRATES 30TH ANNIVERSARY IN 2026|publisher=ASEAN United FC|website=aseanutdfc.com|date=14 November 2025|accessdate=14 November 2025}}</ref> == ອ້າງອີງ == qq63fkh483fbzk2exx5ubjfr3wb4nr3 130151 130149 2026-08-21T08:09:55Z Randervik 18653 130151 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox international football competition|tourney_name=ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ|year=2026|other_titles=|image=|size=180|caption=|dates=ວັນທີ 24 ກໍລະກົດ – 26 ສິງຫາ|num_teams=10|sub-confederations=1|champion=|runners-up=|venues=10|cities=10|matches=24|goals=81|attendance={{#expr: <!--ກຸ່ມ A--> 27790 + 195 + 4665 + 22485 + 189 + 31569 + 6548 + 27265 + 19628 + 5113 <!--ກຸ່ມ B-->+ 10500 + 7678 + 3104 + 10044 + 1188 + 16037 + 11600 + 2786 + 12734 + 13026 <!--Semi-finals-->+ 5358 + 10141 + 10802 + 37966 <!--Final-->+ 0 + 0}}|top_scorer=|prevseason=[[ການແຂ່ງຂັນຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2024|2024]]|nextseason=''[[ການແຂ່ງຂັນຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2028|2028]]''}} '''ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2026''' (ຊື່ທາງການແມ່ນ '''ASEAN Hyundai Cup 2026'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aseanutdfc.com/asean-championship/2025/news/partnership-announcement-hyundai-cup|title=HYUNDAI MOTOR NAMED NEW TITLE PARTNER OF THE ASEAN CHAMPIONSHIP, NOW KNOWN AS THE ASEAN HYUNDAI CUP™|publisher=ASEAN United FC|work=aseanutdfc.com|date=14 November 2025|accessdate=14 November 2025}}</ref> ຕັ້ງຕາມການສະໜັບສະໜຸນ), ຫຼືເອີ້ນງ່າຍໆວ່າ '''ASEAN Cup 2026''', ເປັນການຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ ຄັ້ງທີ 16, ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊາຍລະດັບສາກົນຂອງອາຊີຕາເວັນອອກສ່ຽງໃຕ້ ຈັດໂດຍ[[ສະຫະພັນບານເຕະອາຊຽນ]] (AFF) ແລະ ເປັນຄັ້ງທີ 1 ພາຍໃຕ້ຊື່ ASEAN Hyundai Cup. ການແຂ່ງຂັນແມ່ນເພື່ອສະເຫຼີມສະຫຼອງການຄົບຮອບ 30 ປີຂອງການແຂ່ງຂັນ.<ref name="schedule confirmed">{{cite web|url=https://aseanutdfc.com/asean-championship/2025/news/dates-confirmed-as-asean-hyundai-cup-celebrates-30th-anniversary-in-2026|title=DATES CONFIRMED AS ASEAN HYUNDAI CUP™ CELEBRATES 30TH ANNIVERSARY IN 2026|publisher=ASEAN United FC|website=aseanutdfc.com|date=14 November 2025|accessdate=14 November 2025}}</ref> == ອ້າງອີງ == s6qb2r7b7c41tohqu0bdbmmo2likz1w 130152 130151 2026-08-21T08:10:29Z Randervik 18653 130152 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox international football competition|tourney_name=ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ|year=2026|other_titles=|image=|size=180|caption=|dates=ວັນທີ 24 ກໍລະກົດ – 26 ສິງຫາ|num_teams=10|sub-confederations=1|champion=|runners-up=|venues=10|cities=10|matches=24|goals=81|attendance={{#expr: <!--ກຸ່ມ A--> 27790 + 195 + 4665 + 22485 + 189 + 31569 + 6548 + 27265 + 19628 + 5113 <!--ກຸ່ມ B-->+ 10500 + 7678 + 3104 + 10044 + 1188 + 16037 + 11600 + 2786 + 12734 + 13026 <!--Semi-finals-->+ 5358 + 10141 + 10802 + 37966 <!--Final-->+ 0 + 0}}|top_scorer=|prevseason=[[ການແຂ່ງຂັນຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2024|2024]]|nextseason=''[[ການແຂ່ງຂັນຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2028|2028]]''}} '''ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2026''' (ຊື່ທາງການແມ່ນ '''ASEAN Hyundai Cup 2026'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aseanutdfc.com/asean-championship/2025/news/partnership-announcement-hyundai-cup|title=HYUNDAI MOTOR NAMED NEW TITLE PARTNER OF THE ASEAN CHAMPIONSHIP, NOW KNOWN AS THE ASEAN HYUNDAI CUP™|publisher=ASEAN United FC|work=aseanutdfc.com|date=14 November 2025|accessdate=14 November 2025}}</ref> ຕັ້ງຕາມການສະໜັບສະໜຸນ), ຫຼືເອີ້ນງ່າຍໆວ່າ '''ASEAN Cup 2026''', ເປັນ[[ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ|ການຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ]] ຄັ້ງທີ 16, ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊາຍລະດັບສາກົນຂອງອາຊີຕາເວັນອອກສ່ຽງໃຕ້ ຈັດໂດຍ[[ສະຫະພັນບານເຕະອາຊຽນ]] (AFF) ແລະ ເປັນຄັ້ງທີ 1 ພາຍໃຕ້ຊື່ ASEAN Hyundai Cup. ການແຂ່ງຂັນແມ່ນເພື່ອສະເຫຼີມສະຫຼອງການຄົບຮອບ 30 ປີຂອງການແຂ່ງຂັນ.<ref name="schedule confirmed">{{cite web|url=https://aseanutdfc.com/asean-championship/2025/news/dates-confirmed-as-asean-hyundai-cup-celebrates-30th-anniversary-in-2026|title=DATES CONFIRMED AS ASEAN HYUNDAI CUP™ CELEBRATES 30TH ANNIVERSARY IN 2026|publisher=ASEAN United FC|website=aseanutdfc.com|date=14 November 2025|accessdate=14 November 2025}}</ref> == ອ້າງອີງ == 0nyeebadomhwjfwbhjl2evqht95jpxl 130155 130152 2026-08-21T08:13:32Z Randervik 18653 added [[Category:ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 130155 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox international football competition|tourney_name=ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ|year=2026|other_titles=|image=|size=180|caption=|dates=ວັນທີ 24 ກໍລະກົດ – 26 ສິງຫາ|num_teams=10|sub-confederations=1|champion=|runners-up=|venues=10|cities=10|matches=24|goals=81|attendance={{#expr: <!--ກຸ່ມ A--> 27790 + 195 + 4665 + 22485 + 189 + 31569 + 6548 + 27265 + 19628 + 5113 <!--ກຸ່ມ B-->+ 10500 + 7678 + 3104 + 10044 + 1188 + 16037 + 11600 + 2786 + 12734 + 13026 <!--Semi-finals-->+ 5358 + 10141 + 10802 + 37966 <!--Final-->+ 0 + 0}}|top_scorer=|prevseason=[[ການແຂ່ງຂັນຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2024|2024]]|nextseason=''[[ການແຂ່ງຂັນຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2028|2028]]''}} '''ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2026''' (ຊື່ທາງການແມ່ນ '''ASEAN Hyundai Cup 2026'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aseanutdfc.com/asean-championship/2025/news/partnership-announcement-hyundai-cup|title=HYUNDAI MOTOR NAMED NEW TITLE PARTNER OF THE ASEAN CHAMPIONSHIP, NOW KNOWN AS THE ASEAN HYUNDAI CUP™|publisher=ASEAN United FC|work=aseanutdfc.com|date=14 November 2025|accessdate=14 November 2025}}</ref> ຕັ້ງຕາມການສະໜັບສະໜຸນ), ຫຼືເອີ້ນງ່າຍໆວ່າ '''ASEAN Cup 2026''', ເປັນ[[ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ|ການຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ]] ຄັ້ງທີ 16, ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊາຍລະດັບສາກົນຂອງອາຊີຕາເວັນອອກສ່ຽງໃຕ້ ຈັດໂດຍ[[ສະຫະພັນບານເຕະອາຊຽນ]] (AFF) ແລະ ເປັນຄັ້ງທີ 1 ພາຍໃຕ້ຊື່ ASEAN Hyundai Cup. ການແຂ່ງຂັນແມ່ນເພື່ອສະເຫຼີມສະຫຼອງການຄົບຮອບ 30 ປີຂອງການແຂ່ງຂັນ.<ref name="schedule confirmed">{{cite web|url=https://aseanutdfc.com/asean-championship/2025/news/dates-confirmed-as-asean-hyundai-cup-celebrates-30th-anniversary-in-2026|title=DATES CONFIRMED AS ASEAN HYUNDAI CUP™ CELEBRATES 30TH ANNIVERSARY IN 2026|publisher=ASEAN United FC|website=aseanutdfc.com|date=14 November 2025|accessdate=14 November 2025}}</ref> == ອ້າງອີງ == [[ໝວດ:ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ]] p4osbx8heufey0rwtnylvlh6wk2xi7a 130159 130155 2026-08-21T08:15:41Z Randervik 18653 130159 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox international football competition|tourney_name=ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ|year=2026|other_titles=|image=|size=180|caption=|dates=ວັນທີ 24 ກໍລະກົດ – 26 ສິງຫາ|num_teams=10|sub-confederations=1|champion=|runners-up=|venues=10|cities=10|matches=24|goals=81|attendance={{#expr: <!--ກຸ່ມ A--> 27790 + 195 + 4665 + 22485 + 189 + 31569 + 6548 + 27265 + 19628 + 5113 <!--ກຸ່ມ B-->+ 10500 + 7678 + 3104 + 10044 + 1188 + 16037 + 11600 + 2786 + 12734 + 13026 <!--Semi-finals-->+ 5358 + 10141 + 10802 + 37966 <!--Final-->+ 0 + 0}}|top_scorer=|prevseason=[[ການແຂ່ງຂັນຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2024|2024]]|nextseason=''[[ການແຂ່ງຂັນຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2028|2028]]''}} '''ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2026''' (ຊື່ທາງການແມ່ນ '''ASEAN Hyundai Cup 2026'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aseanutdfc.com/asean-championship/2025/news/partnership-announcement-hyundai-cup|title=HYUNDAI MOTOR NAMED NEW TITLE PARTNER OF THE ASEAN CHAMPIONSHIP, NOW KNOWN AS THE ASEAN HYUNDAI CUP™|publisher=ASEAN United FC|work=aseanutdfc.com|date=14 November 2025|accessdate=14 November 2025}}</ref> ຕັ້ງຕາມການສະໜັບສະໜຸນ), ຫຼືເອີ້ນງ່າຍໆວ່າ '''ASEAN Cup 2026''', ເປັນ[[ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ|ການຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ]] ຄັ້ງທີ 16, ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊາຍລະດັບສາກົນຂອງອາຊີຕາເວັນອອກສ່ຽງໃຕ້ ຈັດໂດຍ[[ສະຫະພັນບານເຕະອາຊຽນ]] (AFF) ແລະ ເປັນຄັ້ງທີ 1 ພາຍໃຕ້ຊື່ ASEAN Hyundai Cup. ການແຂ່ງຂັນແມ່ນເພື່ອສະເຫຼີມສະຫຼອງການຄົບຮອບ 30 ປີຂອງການແຂ່ງຂັນ.<ref name="schedule confirmed">{{cite web|url=https://aseanutdfc.com/asean-championship/2025/news/dates-confirmed-as-asean-hyundai-cup-celebrates-30th-anniversary-in-2026|title=DATES CONFIRMED AS ASEAN HYUNDAI CUP™ CELEBRATES 30TH ANNIVERSARY IN 2026|publisher=ASEAN United FC|website=aseanutdfc.com|date=14 November 2025|accessdate=14 November 2025}}</ref> == ອ້າງອີງ == [[ໝວດ:ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ]] <references />{{Stub}} j619dhiwoiiloz4q7xgj643gociecb8 130160 130159 2026-08-21T08:17:27Z Randervik 18653 130160 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox international football competition|tourney_name=ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ|year=2026|other_titles=|image=|size=180|caption=|dates=ວັນທີ 24 ກໍລະກົດ – 26 ສິງຫາ|num_teams=10|sub-confederations=1|champion=|runners-up=|venues=10|cities=10|matches=24|goals=81|attendance={{#expr: <!--ກຸ່ມ A--> 27790 + 195 + 4665 + 22485 + 189 + 31569 + 6548 + 27265 + 19628 + 5113 <!--ກຸ່ມ B-->+ 10500 + 7678 + 3104 + 10044 + 1188 + 16037 + 11600 + 2786 + 12734 + 13026 <!--Semi-finals-->+ 5358 + 10141 + 10802 + 37966 <!--Final-->+ 0 + 0}}|top_scorer=|prevseason=[[ການແຂ່ງຂັນຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2024|2024]]|nextseason=''[[ການແຂ່ງຂັນຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2028|2028]]''}} '''ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2026''' (ຊື່ທາງການແມ່ນ '''ASEAN Hyundai Cup 2026'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aseanutdfc.com/asean-championship/2025/news/partnership-announcement-hyundai-cup|title=HYUNDAI MOTOR NAMED NEW TITLE PARTNER OF THE ASEAN CHAMPIONSHIP, NOW KNOWN AS THE ASEAN HYUNDAI CUP™|publisher=ASEAN United FC|work=aseanutdfc.com|date=14 November 2025|accessdate=14 November 2025}}</ref> ຕັ້ງຕາມການສະໜັບສະໜຸນ), ຫຼືເອີ້ນງ່າຍໆວ່າ '''ASEAN Cup 2026''', ເປັນ[[ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ|ການຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ]] ຄັ້ງທີ 16, ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊາຍລະດັບສາກົນຂອງ[[ອາຊີຕາເວັນອອກສຽງໃຕ້|ອາຊີຕາເວັນອອກສ່ຽງໃຕ້]] ຈັດໂດຍ[[ສະຫະພັນບານເຕະອາຊຽນ]] (AFF) ແລະ ເປັນຄັ້ງທີ 1 ພາຍໃຕ້ຊື່ ASEAN Hyundai Cup. ການແຂ່ງຂັນແມ່ນເພື່ອສະເຫຼີມສະຫຼອງການຄົບຮອບ 30 ປີຂອງການແຂ່ງຂັນ.<ref name="schedule confirmed">{{cite web|url=https://aseanutdfc.com/asean-championship/2025/news/dates-confirmed-as-asean-hyundai-cup-celebrates-30th-anniversary-in-2026|title=DATES CONFIRMED AS ASEAN HYUNDAI CUP™ CELEBRATES 30TH ANNIVERSARY IN 2026|publisher=ASEAN United FC|website=aseanutdfc.com|date=14 November 2025|accessdate=14 November 2025}}</ref> == ອ້າງອີງ == [[ໝວດ:ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ]] <references />{{Stub}} 08wqjx8612t9lvdizp8bcnjpzlw88ig 130161 130160 2026-08-21T08:18:59Z Randervik 18653 130161 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox international football competition|tourney_name=ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ|year=2026|other_titles=|image=|size=180|caption=|dates=ວັນທີ 24 ກໍລະກົດ – 26 ສິງຫາ|num_teams=10|sub-confederations=1|champion=|runners-up=|venues=10|cities=10|matches=24|goals=81|attendance={{#expr: <!--ກຸ່ມ A--> 27790 + 195 + 4665 + 22485 + 189 + 31569 + 6548 + 27265 + 19628 + 5113 <!--ກຸ່ມ B-->+ 10500 + 7678 + 3104 + 10044 + 1188 + 16037 + 11600 + 2786 + 12734 + 13026 <!--ຮອບຮອງຊະນະເລີດ -->+ 5358 + 10141 + 10802 + 37966 <!--ຮອບສຸດທ້າຍ-->+ 0 + 0}}|top_scorer=|prevseason=[[ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2024|2024]]|nextseason=''[[ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2028|2028]]''}} '''ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2026''' (ຊື່ທາງການແມ່ນ '''ASEAN Hyundai Cup 2026'''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aseanutdfc.com/asean-championship/2025/news/partnership-announcement-hyundai-cup|title=HYUNDAI MOTOR NAMED NEW TITLE PARTNER OF THE ASEAN CHAMPIONSHIP, NOW KNOWN AS THE ASEAN HYUNDAI CUP™|publisher=ASEAN United FC|work=aseanutdfc.com|date=14 November 2025|accessdate=14 November 2025}}</ref> ຕັ້ງຕາມການສະໜັບສະໜຸນ), ຫຼືເອີ້ນງ່າຍໆວ່າ '''ASEAN Cup 2026''', ເປັນ[[ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ|ການຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ]] ຄັ້ງທີ 16, ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊາຍລະດັບສາກົນຂອງ[[ອາຊີຕາເວັນອອກສຽງໃຕ້|ອາຊີຕາເວັນອອກສ່ຽງໃຕ້]] ຈັດໂດຍ[[ສະຫະພັນບານເຕະອາຊຽນ]] (AFF) ແລະ ເປັນຄັ້ງທີ 1 ພາຍໃຕ້ຊື່ ASEAN Hyundai Cup. ການແຂ່ງຂັນແມ່ນເພື່ອສະເຫຼີມສະຫຼອງການຄົບຮອບ 30 ປີຂອງການແຂ່ງຂັນ.<ref name="schedule confirmed">{{cite web|url=https://aseanutdfc.com/asean-championship/2025/news/dates-confirmed-as-asean-hyundai-cup-celebrates-30th-anniversary-in-2026|title=DATES CONFIRMED AS ASEAN HYUNDAI CUP™ CELEBRATES 30TH ANNIVERSARY IN 2026|publisher=ASEAN United FC|website=aseanutdfc.com|date=14 November 2025|accessdate=14 November 2025}}</ref> == ອ້າງອີງ == [[ໝວດ:ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ]] <references />{{Stub}} 5tba6imynzq41gs9rf0m3cje4jmgc8g 0 25231 130150 2026-08-21T08:09:23Z Randervik 18653 Randervik ຍ້າຍໜ້າ [[ການແຂ່ງຂັນຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2026]] ໄປ [[ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2026]]: ຊື່ສະກົດຜິດ 130150 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2026]] gsj1lyybzr0fj57itcniehjhrgwsd82 130156 130150 2026-08-21T08:14:03Z Randervik 18653 Removed redirect to [[ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2026]] 130156 wikitext text/x-wiki {{delete}} 35r2j9t4ectnt1cmb7mlgcqvwz6h5k6 14 25232 130154 2026-08-21T08:12:15Z Randervik 18653 ສ້າງໜ້າເປົ່າ 130154 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 25233 130157 2026-08-21T08:14:41Z Randervik 18653 ພວມໂອນໄປ ຫາ [[ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2026]] 130157 wikitext text/x-wiki #redirect[[ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2026]] 8p5dktmag8ao623jz53jwd0as186ae4 0 25234 130158 2026-08-21T08:15:20Z Randervik 18653 ພວມໂອນໄປ ຫາ [[ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2026]] 130158 wikitext text/x-wiki #redirect[[ການແຂ່ງຂັນບານເຕະຊິງແຊ້ມອາຊຽນ 2026]] 8p5dktmag8ao623jz53jwd0as186ae4