Wikipedia madwiki https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tan%C3%A8yan MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.18 first-letter Mèḍia Spesial Pakanḍhâ'ân Pangangghuy Pakanḍhâ'ânna pangangghuy Wikipèḍia Pakanḍhâ'ânna Wikipèḍia Bhengkek Pakanḍhâ'ânna bhengkek MèḍiaWiki Pakanḍhâ'ânna MèḍiaWiki Cèṭa'an Pakanḍhâ'ânna cèṭa'an Bhântowan Pakanḍhâ'ânna bhântowan Bhângsa Pakanḍhâ'ânna bhângsa TimedText TimedText talk Modul Pembicaraan Modul Acara Pembicaraan Acara 0 19640 65942 65931 2026-09-08T01:10:39Z InternetArchiveBot 639 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 65942 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sistem bâkto karjâ 996 (bhâsa Hanzi: 996工作制)''' panèka jadwal alako sè biasana èghunaaghi sareng pan-bârâmpan perusahaan è Republik Rakyat Cèna. Istilah panèka asalla ḍâri syarat karyawan kaangghuy alako ḍâri pokol 9 ghulagghu kantos pokol 9 malem, ennem arè saminggu, otabâ 72 jhâm ḍâlem saminggu.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tone |first=Sixth |date=2019-03-28 |title=Chinese Developers Protest Overwork on GitHub |url=https://www.sixthtone.com/news/1003771/chinese-developers-protest-overwork-on-github |access-date=2026-09-04 |work=Sixth Tone |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-05-08 |title=Young Chinese are sick of working long hours |url=https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20180508-young-chinese-are-sick-of-working-overtime |access-date=2026-09-04 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Bânnya' perusahaan internet Cèna sè ampon ngadopsi sistem panèka mènangka jhâm karjâ sè resmi. Para kritikus anḍi' argumen jhâ' sistem 996 jhâm karjâ panèka pelanggaran sè maanchor ḍâ' hokom Cèna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ep. 42: To 996, or Not to 996, That Is the Question |url=https://pandaily.com/ep-42-to-996-or-not-to-996-that-is-the-question |access-date=2026-09-07 |website=pandaily.com |language=en}}</ref> È bulân Maret 2019, protes "anti-996" èluncuraghi lèbât GitHub.<ref>{{Cite web |title=China tech worker protest against long working hours goes viral |url=https://www.ft.com/content/72754638-55d1-11e9-91f9-b6515a54c5b1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251001035045/https://www.ft.com/content/72754638-55d1-11e9-91f9-b6515a54c5b1 |archive-date=2025-10-01 |access-date=2026-09-07 |website=www.ft.com |language=en-GB |url-status=live }}</ref> == Latar belakang == Bhuḍhâjâ alako lembur ampon abit è perusahaan teknologi informasi Cèna sè dimma perusahaan-perusahaan panèka fokus ḍâ' kaceppeḍhân bân ngurangè biaya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-08-26 |title=Inside the high-pressure world of China’s start-up workers |url=https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20160825-inside-the-high-pressure-world-of-chinas-overtime-dogs |access-date=2026-09-07 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Perusahaan alaksanaaghi bânnya' langkah akadhi mabâli ongkos taksi kaangghuy karyawan sè pagghun alako è kantor kantos malem kaangghuy adorong karyawan sè alako lembur.<ref>{{Cite web |title=默认996工作制背后：被撕掉的焦虑遮羞布 |url=https://www.yicai.com/news/100111346.html |access-date=2026-09-07 |website=www.yicai.com}}</ref> === Peraturan sè anḍi' hubungan === Hokom Buruh Republik Rakyat Cèna nyataaghi: '''Bab 4 Pasal 36 |''' Negara kodhu alaksanaaghi sistem jhâm karjâ sè sakèrana buruh bisah alako ta' lebbi ḍâri bâllu' jhâm sa'arè bân ta' lebbi ḍâri 44 jhâm ḍâlem saminggu. '''Pasal 41 |''' Pihak sè aparèng kalakowan bisa nambâi jhâm karjâ polana kabhutowan kangghuy produksi otabâ bisnis saamponna konsultasi sareng serikat buruh. Jhâm alako sè ètambâi, umumma, ollè lebbi ḍâri sèttong jhâm sa'arè, otabâ ta' lebbi ḍâri tello' jhâm sa'arè, manabi jhâm alako sè ètambâi panèka polana alasan khusus, kasehaḍhân buruh koḍhu èjamin. Jhâm karjâ sè ètambâi ta' kèngèng lebbi ḍâri 36 jhâm per bulânna. == Sombher == [[Bhângsa:Buruh]] os3m6wwxjnmf9wa4xg5rnyusljvwqcz 0 19650 65940 65900 2026-09-08T00:17:06Z InternetArchiveBot 639 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 65940 wikitext text/x-wiki Ḍâlem olahraga profesional, '''bâtes gâji''' panèka atoran otabâ parjhânjhiyân sè abâtessè jumla pèssè sè bisa èpakalowar sareng tim ḍâ' orèng-orèng sè bâḍâ è ḍâlem sèttong tim. Bâtes gâji bisa aropa'aghi paratoran gâji pamaèn otabâ staf otabâ kabbhi. Pan-bârâmpan liga olahraga è sabhâbhân dhunnya ampon alaksana'aghi atoran panèka. Bâtes gâji èterrappaghi ka'angghuy ajâgâ aspek kompetitif sèttong liga kalabân abâtessè pangalowaran klub sè soghi. Bâtes gâj segghut dhâddhi isu antarana operator liga bân tim karana abâtessè tim ka'angghuy majâr pamaèn sè beccè' maskè tim kasebbhut ngaghungè kauangan sè beccè'.<ref>{{Cite web |title=4-Letter Domain Names for Sale {{!}} BrandBucket |url=https://www.brandbucket.com/styles/4-letter-domain-names |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260827185609/https://www.brandbucket.com/styles/4-letter-domain-names |archive-date=2026-08-27 |access-date=2026-09-05 |website=www.brandbucket.com |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The 10 Most Significant Pro Sports Strikes and Lockouts |url=http://www.midwestsportsfans.com/2011/10/the-10-most-significant-pro-sports-strikes-and-lockouts/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111202221150/http://www.midwestsportsfans.com/2011/10/the-10-most-significant-pro-sports-strikes-and-lockouts/ |archive-date=2011-12-02 |access-date=2026-09-05 |website=www.midwestsportsfans.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Panerrapan atoran panèka segghut èpangghi è liga sè ta' aghuna'aghi sistem promosi bân toronna kualitas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=INDONESIA |first=PANDIT FOOTBALL |title=Pandit Football Indonesia |url=https://panditfootball.com/klasik/208217/DGA/700101/salary-cap-dan-sepakbola-yang-sulit-berjodoh |access-date=2026-09-05 |website=panditfootball.com |language=en}}</ref> == Istila == Bâḍâ tello' mètoḍâ panerrapan bâtes gâji, èngghi panèka: ''hard cap'', ''soft cap'', dan ''luxury tax''. ''Hard cap'' panèka bâtes jumla sè èpakalowar sè ta' ollè lebbi bâtes kalabân alessan ponapa'a bhâi. Manabi alessanna ta' bisa ètarèma, maka sè alakonè ghânèka ècapo' okoman. ''Soft cap'' panèka bâtes jumla sè èpakalowar sè ollè lebbi kalabân alessan tatanto. Manabi alasanna ta' ètarèma, maka orèng sè alanggar bhâkal èyokom. ''Luxury tax'' panèka sèttong sistem sè ta' abâtessè bânnya'an pèssè sè èpakalowar ka'angghuy gâjina pamaèn. Sistem panèka mundhud pajhek ḍâri pèssè sè èpakalowar atas bâtes kasapakatan. ''Salary floor'' panèka jumla palèng sakoni'in sè kodhu èpakalowar sareng tim. Ka'ḍinto anḍi' tojjhuwân ka'angghuy mastèyaghi jhâ' kaontonganna tim èghuna'aghi ka'angghuy gâjina pamaèn, bânni èka'anḍi' orèng sè anḍi' tim. Amarghâ contona, ''National Basketball Association'' (NBA) nerrappaghi soft cap bân ''luxury tax'', sabâtara ''Major League Baseball'' (MLB) ta' nerrappaghi bâtes gâji, tapè coma nerrappaghi ''luxury tax''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.espn.com/ |access-date=2026-09-05 |website=www.espn.com}}</ref><ref>Dietl, Helmut; Lang, Markus; Werner, Stephan (2010). "[https://www.isu.uzh.ch/static/ISU_WPS/91_ISU_full.pdf The Effect of Luxury Taxes on Competitive Balance, Club Profits, and Social Welfare in Sports Leagues]" (PDF). ''International Journal of Sport Science''.</ref> == Sombher == 75dv8c6kzynv6mxc1m9lfd833a70zm9 0 19653 65939 65908 2026-09-08T00:08:50Z InternetArchiveBot 639 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 65939 wikitext text/x-wiki Dato' Seri Utama Haji '''Anwar bin''' Dato' Dr. Haji '''Ibrahim''' (IPA: [änwär ɪbrähɪm], Jawi : انوار بن ابراهيم; lahèr 10 Agustus 1947) panèka politisi [[Malaysia]] sè alaghungè Perdana Menteri Malaysia molaè taon 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Desk |first=News |title=Malaysian opposition leader Anwar appointed prime minister - Asia & Pacific |url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/world/2022/11/24/malaysian-opposition-leader-anwar-appointed-prime-minister |access-date=2026-09-05 |website=The Jakarta Post |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=AFP |title=Anwar Ibrahim sworn in as Malaysia's prime minister - Asia & Pacific |url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/world/2022/11/24/anwar-ibrahim-sworn-in-as-malaysias-prime-minister |access-date=2026-09-05 |website=The Jakarta Post |language=en}}</ref> Panèka sa'ampona Anwar bâdâ è blok oposisi sajjhek pan-bârâmpan polo taon sajjhek èpeccat ḍâri UMNO sareng [[Mahathir Mohamad]] è taon 1998, bân èblokir li-bâliyân sareng [[Mahathir Mohamad]] <ref>{{Cite news |last=Sridharan |first=Harish |title=Anwar Ibrahim's long road to prime minister of Malaysia {{!}} SaltWire |url=https://www.saltwire.com/halifax/news/anwar-ibrahims-long-road-to-prime-minister-of-malaysia-100798908/ |access-date=2026-09-05 |language=en |archive-date=2022-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124135551/https://www.saltwire.com/halifax/news/anwar-ibrahims-long-road-to-prime-minister-of-malaysia-100798908/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Saterrossa, Anwar abhânto partai anyar sè èsebbhut Partai Keadilan Rakyat (PKR) mènangka tèngka partama ḍâlem reformasi è [[Malaysia]]. == Sombher == s3gjb4dmo5ivitckap3bp819ct5kilr 0 19654 65943 65907 2026-09-08T01:20:48Z InternetArchiveBot 639 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 65943 wikitext text/x-wiki Dato' Seri Dr. Hajjah '''Wan Azizah binti Wan Ismail''' (Jawi : وان عزيزة بنت وان إسماعيل; lahèr 2 Dèsèmber 1952) panèka politisi [[Malaysia]] sè aropa'aghi mantan Bâkkèl Perḍana Menteri [[Malaysia]] è bâkto pamarenta'an [[Mahathir Mohamad]] sa'amponna Pemilu Legislatif 2018 sè jhughân nyaksè'è kamennanganna kowalisi oposisi Pakatan Harapan (PH). <ref>{{Cite news |title=Malaysia PM Mahathir Mohamad appointed education minister in new cabinet |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/malaysia-pm-mahathir-mohamad-appointed-education-minister-in-new-10242684 |access-date=2026-09-05 |work=CNA |language=en-US |archive-date=2018-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180517123158/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/malaysia-pm-mahathir-mohamad-appointed-education-minister-in-new-10242684 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Wan Azizah dhâddhi bâbinè' sè partama sè aghâdhuwân kalaghungan Bâkkèl Perdana Menteri è ḍâlem jhâjhârbâ'ân. Salaèn jârèya, Wan Azizah jhughân pimpinan geraghân reformasi kalabân rakana, [[Anwar Ibrahim|Anwar Ibrahim.]] Wan Azizah sempat èberita'aghi bhâkal aghântè'è [[Mahathir Mohamad]] mènangka Perḍana Menteri [[Malaysia]] è taon 2020. == Sombher == mzot9rl64j4mg5utpm692wcjfab9odv 0 19659 65934 65933 2026-09-07T13:38:08Z R.hidayatdharma 4038 65934 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kotak info tokoh | image = Mother Jones 1902-11-04.jpg | caption = Jones in 1902 | birth_name = Mary G. Harris | birth_place = [[Cork (city)|Cork]], Ireland | baptised = August 1, 1837 | death_date = {{death date and given age|1930|11|30|93}} | death_place = [[Silver Spring, Maryland]], U.S. | resting_place = [[Union Miners Cemetery]]<br>[[Mount Olive, Illinois]] | occupation = {{flatlist| * Union organizer * community organizer * activist * schoolteacher * dressmaker }} | signature = Mother Jones Signature.png }}'''Mary G. Harris Jones''', sè è baptis è 1 Agustus 1837 bân matè è 30 Nopèmber 1930 bân lebbi è kennal kalabân Ibu Jones sajjek taon 1897, aroapa'aghi pendidik, tukang jhâi', bân aktivis buruh ḍâri Amèrika Serikat sè ngabdiaghi odi'na ka'angghuy atugas mènangka aktivis, pangator masyarakat, bân pimpinan serikat buruh sè èkennal. Kiprana aliputi koordinasi aksi mogok buruh a skala rajâ, mimpin perjuangan ka'angghuy ngalarang nak-kanak ḍhâḍḍhi buruh, bân co-founding organisasi buruh radikal sè èkennal mènangka Industrial Workers of the World (IWW).<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2014 |title=Countering the IWW |url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9798216036524.ch-005 |journal=The Wobblies in Their Heyday |pages=133–158 |doi=10.5040/9798216036524.ch-005}}</ref> Tragèdi èlanga lakèna bân empa' ana'na polana wabah demam kuning è taon 1867, ètoro'è kalabân ka'ancoran toko kalambina è Chicago sabâb katonon è taon 1871, mènangka titik balik sè aghâbây Jones dhâddhi pasukan aktif è dâlem organisasi Knights of Labor bân United Mine Workers of America (UMWA). Kaberhasilanna sè luar biasa è dâlem makompol para panambang bân kalowargana ka'angghuy nolak pelècèhan pongghâbâ tambang aghâbây Jones èjuluki "binè' sè palèng bhâbâja è Amerika" è taon 1902. Kaangghuy protes è bâbâna penegakan peraturan perlindungan buruh anak è pabrik sutra bân tambang Pennsylvania, èpon ngator pawai protes sè èbâgi dâ' na'-kana' dâri Philodphia ka Presiden bengkona Roosevelt è New York è taon 1903.<ref>{{Citation|title=Mother Jones|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mother_Jones&oldid=1371953475|date=2026-08-29|accessdate=2026-09-07|language=en}}</ref> == Kaodi'an awwâl == Mary G. Harris lahèr è bâgiyân ḍâjâ Cork dâri petani Katolik Richard Harris bân Ellen (née Cotter) Harris. Tangghâl lahèr sè teppa' ta' ècatet pastè, sanajân èbaptis è tangghâl 1 Agustus 1837. ḍhâḍḍhi sala sèttong korbân Kalaparan Raje è Irlandia, kalowargâna èpaksa agâbung bân juta'an orèng Irlandia laènna sè amigrasi ka Amèrika Utara, bân nattep è Kanada è bâkto aomor 10 taon.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Representative Americans: Populists and Progressives: Norman K. Risjord: 9780742521711: Amazon.com: Books |url=http://www.amazon.com/Representative-Americans-Progressives-Norman-Risjord/dp/0742521710 |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20130701142258/http://www.amazon.com/Representative-Americans-Progressives-Norman-Risjord/dp/0742521710 |archive-date=2013-07-01 |access-date=2026-09-07 |website=www.amazon.com}}</ref> == Sombher == 3cbzf8wye6to8n6sz7zixzxo13m1ij6 65941 65934 2026-09-08T00:45:00Z InternetArchiveBot 639 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 65941 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kotak info tokoh | image = Mother Jones 1902-11-04.jpg | caption = Jones in 1902 | birth_name = Mary G. Harris | birth_place = [[Cork (city)|Cork]], Ireland | baptised = August 1, 1837 | death_date = {{death date and given age|1930|11|30|93}} | death_place = [[Silver Spring, Maryland]], U.S. | resting_place = [[Union Miners Cemetery]]<br>[[Mount Olive, Illinois]] | occupation = {{flatlist| * Union organizer * community organizer * activist * schoolteacher * dressmaker }} | signature = Mother Jones Signature.png }}'''Mary G. Harris Jones''', sè è baptis è 1 Agustus 1837 bân matè è 30 Nopèmber 1930 bân lebbi è kennal kalabân Ibu Jones sajjek taon 1897, aroapa'aghi pendidik, tukang jhâi', bân aktivis buruh ḍâri Amèrika Serikat sè ngabdiaghi odi'na ka'angghuy atugas mènangka aktivis, pangator masyarakat, bân pimpinan serikat buruh sè èkennal. Kiprana aliputi koordinasi aksi mogok buruh a skala rajâ, mimpin perjuangan ka'angghuy ngalarang nak-kanak ḍhâḍḍhi buruh, bân co-founding organisasi buruh radikal sè èkennal mènangka Industrial Workers of the World (IWW).<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2014 |title=Countering the IWW |url=https://doi.org/10.5040/9798216036524.ch-005 |journal=The Wobblies in Their Heyday |pages=133–158 |doi=10.5040/9798216036524.ch-005}}</ref> Tragèdi èlanga lakèna bân empa' ana'na polana wabah demam kuning è taon 1867, ètoro'è kalabân ka'ancoran toko kalambina è Chicago sabâb katonon è taon 1871, mènangka titik balik sè aghâbây Jones dhâddhi pasukan aktif è dâlem organisasi Knights of Labor bân United Mine Workers of America (UMWA). Kaberhasilanna sè luar biasa è dâlem makompol para panambang bân kalowargana ka'angghuy nolak pelècèhan pongghâbâ tambang aghâbây Jones èjuluki "binè' sè palèng bhâbâja è Amerika" è taon 1902. Kaangghuy protes è bâbâna penegakan peraturan perlindungan buruh anak è pabrik sutra bân tambang Pennsylvania, èpon ngator pawai protes sè èbâgi dâ' na'-kana' dâri Philodphia ka Presiden bengkona Roosevelt è New York è taon 1903.<ref>{{Citation|title=Mother Jones|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mother_Jones&oldid=1371953475|date=2026-08-29|accessdate=2026-09-07|language=en}}</ref> == Kaodi'an awwâl == Mary G. Harris lahèr è bâgiyân ḍâjâ Cork dâri petani Katolik Richard Harris bân Ellen (née Cotter) Harris. Tangghâl lahèr sè teppa' ta' ècatet pastè, sanajân èbaptis è tangghâl 1 Agustus 1837. ḍhâḍḍhi sala sèttong korbân Kalaparan Raje è Irlandia, kalowargâna èpaksa agâbung bân juta'an orèng Irlandia laènna sè amigrasi ka Amèrika Utara, bân nattep è Kanada è bâkto aomor 10 taon.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Representative Americans: Populists and Progressives: Norman K. Risjord: 9780742521711: Amazon.com: Books |url=http://www.amazon.com/Representative-Americans-Progressives-Norman-Risjord/dp/0742521710 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701142258/http://www.amazon.com/Representative-Americans-Progressives-Norman-Risjord/dp/0742521710 |archive-date=2013-07-01 |access-date=2026-09-07 |website=www.amazon.com |url-status=live }}</ref> == Sombher == grfhmzu2t9o5c66kvpk0yg5ng92lwwb 0 19660 65935 2026-09-07T13:48:24Z Alfinlutvianaaa 1710 membuat artikel hari buruh 65935 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox orang}} '''Sonny Pudjisasono''' iyâ arèya sorang politisi sè lahèr è Singaraja, 21 Jânuwari 1959. Dhibi'na èkennal polana ella atugas mènangka Katowa Partai Buruh.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Amini |first=Umu Hana |title=Siapa Sonny Pudjisasono, Profil, & Kiprah di Ranah Film Nasional |url=https://tirto.id/siapa-sonny-pudjisasono-profil-dan-kiprah-di-ranah-film-nasion-hfDL |access-date=2026-09-07 |website=tirto.id |language=id}}</ref> == Kaoḍi'ânna bân Lako ḍâ'-aḍâ'na == Sonny Pudjisasono lahèr è Singaraja, Bhâli, tangghâl 21 Jânuwari 1959. Dhibi'na lulus ḍâri SMA Negeri 9 Sorbhâjâ (1979) bân saterrossa èsambhât Sarjana Hukum è Universitas Bhayangkara Sorbhâjâ è taon 2009.<ref name=":0" /> === Politik === Sonny ḍâ'-aḍâ'na noro' Partai Buruh sè èpèmpèn Muchtar Pakpahan bân dhâddhi sekretaris jenderal ḍâri taon 2002 sampè' 2010, aghântè Tohap Simanungkalit. Dhâddhi sekretaris jenderal Partai Buruh, Sonny adukung [[Prabowo Subianto]] ḍâlem acalon prèsidèn è pemilu taon 2009, bân saterrossa adukung pasangan [[Megawati Soekarnoputri]] bân [[Prabowo Subianto]] è pèlèyan umum.<ref>{{Cite web |title=21 Parpol Kecil Dukung Prabowo Jadi Capres |url=https://news.detik.com/pemilu/d-1130979/21-parpol-kecil-dukung-prabowo-jadi-capres |access-date=2026-09-07 |website=detiknews |language=id-ID}}</ref> == Sombher == <references /> kx7leylhamankk9xpsok4gbnozj4gom 65936 65935 2026-09-07T14:07:59Z Alfinlutvianaaa 1710 65936 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox orang}} '''Sonny Pudjisasono''' iyâ arèya sorang politisi sè lahèr è Singaraja, 21 Jânuwari 1959. Dhibi'na èkennal polana ella atugas mènangka Katowa Partai Buruh.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Amini |first=Umu Hana |title=Siapa Sonny Pudjisasono, Profil, & Kiprah di Ranah Film Nasional |url=https://tirto.id/siapa-sonny-pudjisasono-profil-dan-kiprah-di-ranah-film-nasion-hfDL |access-date=2026-09-07 |website=tirto.id |language=id}}</ref> == Kaoḍi'ânna bân Lako ḍâ'-aḍâ'na == Sonny Pudjisasono lahèr è Singaraja, Bhâli, tangghâl 21 Jânuwari 1959. Dhibi'na lulus ḍâri SMA Negeri 9 Sorbhâjâ (1979) bân saterrossa èsambhât Sarjana Hukum è Universitas Bhayangkara Sorbhâjâ è taon 2009.<ref name=":0" /> === Karèr Politik === Sonny ḍâ'-aḍâ'na noro' Partai Buruh sè èpèmpèn Muchtar Pakpahan bân dhâddhi sekretaris jenderal ḍâri taon 2002 sampè' 2010, aghântè Tohap Simanungkalit. Dhâddhi sekretaris jenderal Partai Buruh, Sonny adukung [[Prabowo Subianto]] ḍâlem acalon prèsidèn è pemilu taon 2009, bân saterrossa adukung pasangan [[Megawati Soekarnoputri]] bân [[Prabowo Subianto]] è pèlèyan umum.<ref>{{Cite web |title=21 Parpol Kecil Dukung Prabowo Jadi Capres |url=https://news.detik.com/pemilu/d-1130979/21-parpol-kecil-dukung-prabowo-jadi-capres |access-date=2026-09-07 |website=detiknews |language=id-ID}}</ref> È taon 2010, Muchtar Pakpahan toron ḍâri jabatan Katowa Partai Buruh samarèna partai jârèya ta' bisa ngaollè korsè è DPR (DPR RI) è bâkto pemilu legislatif taon 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Liputan6.com |date=2010-02-08 |title=Merasa Gagal, Muchtar Pakpahan Mundur |url=https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/262786/merasa-gagal-muchtar-pakpahan-mundur |access-date=2026-09-07 |website=liputan6.com |language=id}}</ref> Toronna Muchtar Pakpahan ḍâri jabatanna sè ghi' anḍi' masa jabatan sampè' taon 2011, maksa Partai Buruh kaangghuy mabâḍâ kongrès. È kongrès jârèya, Sonny èpèlè dhâddhi katowa kalabân aklamasi samarèna makala Mayor Jenderal (Pum) Syamsu Djalal, sè pencalonanna èdiskualifikasi polana ta' ḍâteng è acara kongrès.<ref>{{Cite web |last=antaranews.com |date=2010-05-02 |title=Partai Buruh Tak Lagi "Milik" KSBSI |url=https://www.antaranews.com/berita/185165/partai-buruh-tak-lagi-milik-ksbsi |access-date=2026-09-07 |website=Antara News |language=id}}</ref> È bâkto Sonny dhâddhi katowa, Partai Buruh kala è bâgiyân verifikasi kaangghuy noro' pèlèyan omom 2014 bân saterrossa pas ta' aktif sampè' taon 2021. Samarèna Partai Buruh ta' aktif, Sonny noro' Partai Berkarya è taon 2017 bân atugas dhâddhi Katowa Arèyan (DPP). Dhibi'na neggu' jabatan jârèya sampè' taon 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Amini |first=Umu Hana |title=Siapa Sonny Pudjisasono, Profil, & Kiprah di Ranah Film Nasional |url=https://tirto.id/siapa-sonny-pudjisasono-profil-dan-kiprah-di-ranah-film-nasion-hfDL |access-date=2026-09-07 |website=tirto.id |language=id}}</ref> == Sombher == <references /> 7w7da9sxs205t2ygsl64joqmtjco09d 0 19661 65937 2026-09-07T14:29:38Z Alfinlutvianaaa 1710 membuat artikel hari buruh 65937 wikitext text/x-wiki Partai Buruh iyâ arèya sala sèttong partai politik Indonesia sè asalla èpajhâghâ è tangghâl 28 Agustus 1998. Partai Buruh arèya toman noro' pèlèyan omom taon 1999, 2004, bân 2009. Sajjhek dhâddhi partai politik, partai rèya ngangghuy tello' nyama sè dhâ-bhidhâ,iyâ arèya Partai Buruh Nasional (ènyataaghi è tangghâl 28 Agustus 1998), Partai Buruh Sosial Demokrat (ènyataaghi è tangghâl 1 Mèi 2003), bân Partai Buruh (ènyataaghi è taon 2008). È taon 2021, hasèl inisiatif dâri sarèkat-sarèkat buruh nasional, partai buruh ngalamin transformasi dâddhi Partai Buruh kalabân identitas sè bhidhâ. eqrugh9qq7qldcna3o485o5ykgu15yi 65938 65937 2026-09-07T14:34:03Z Alfinlutvianaaa 1710 65938 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Partai Buruh''' iyâ arèya sala sèttong partai politik Indonesia sè asalla èpajhâghâ è tangghâl 28 Agustus 1998. Partai Buruh arèya toman noro' pèlèyan omom taon 1999, 2004, bân 2009. Sajjhek dhâddhi partai politik, partai rèya ngangghuy tello' nyama sè dhâ-bhidhâ,iyâ arèya Partai Buruh Nasional (ènyataaghi è tangghâl 28 Agustus 1998), Partai Buruh Sosial Demokrat (ènyataaghi è tangghâl 1 Mèi 2003), bân Partai Buruh (ènyataaghi è taon 2008). È taon 2021, hasèl inisiatif dâri sarèkat-sarèkat buruh nasional, partai buruh ngalamin transformasi dâddhi Partai Buruh kalabân identitas sè bhidhâ. s047ress12uwc0py83aytbgxz029api 0 19662 65944 2026-09-08T03:52:13Z Ichi Ocha 3826 ←Membuat halaman berisi ''''Hokom buruh''' panèka settong atoran bân norma, sè ètolès bân sè ta' katolès, sè ngator hubungan industri antarana majikan (pengusaha, perusahaan, otabâ bhâḍhân hokom) è sèttong sisi bân sè narèma lakoh akaḍhi tokang otabâ buruh è sisi laènna. Hokom buruh bâḍâ è antarana hokom umum bân hokom pribadi. Èsebbhut hokom pribadi polana ngator hubunganna antara ḍuwâ' orèng (majikan bân karyawan), bân hokom umum polana naghârâ n...' 65944 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hokom buruh''' panèka settong atoran bân norma, sè ètolès bân sè ta' katolès, sè ngator hubungan industri antarana majikan (pengusaha, perusahaan, otabâ bhâḍhân hokom) è sèttong sisi bân sè narèma lakoh akaḍhi tokang otabâ buruh è sisi laènna. Hokom buruh bâḍâ è antarana hokom umum bân hokom pribadi. Èsebbhut hokom pribadi polana ngator hubunganna antara ḍuwâ' orèng (majikan bân karyawan), bân hokom umum polana naghârâ nuro' ngator kalabân aghâbây atoran sè ngator hubungan antara ḍuwâ' orèng ghâpanèka. Hukum buruh èbâgi ḍâddhi: # hokom buruh individu (parkara kontrak karjâ) bân # hokom buruh kolektif (parkara serikat buruh, mogok, bân salaènna), sè areng-bhâreng abentu' hokom sosial. == Parkara sè èator == * Pembentukan bân pemutusan kontrak karjâ * Perlindungan orèng sè alakoh * Hak bân kawajibhân mutlak sè èmolaè èkaollè ḍâri lalakon * Sistem disiplin bân tanggung jawab matèri * Pelaksanaan hubungan karjâ * Hak kaangghuy abhânto serikat buruh (ghâbây buruh) bân asosiasi majikan (kaangghuy majikan) * Parjanjian kolektif * Kontrol naghârâ kaangghuy pelaksanaan hokom buruh == Perkembangan == È jhâman ekonomi liberal, hubungan buruh sewa èpamaso' ḍâ' hubungan kontrak wajib bân èkembhângaghi ḍâ' rincian standar è hokom sipil. È abad ka-19, buruh sajân aghâbây tekanan ḍâ' naghârâ hokom akaḍhi Inggris Raya, Prancis, bân Jerman, sè aḍhâddhiyâghi adopsi undang-undang mènangka buruh bân hubunganna buruh. Saellana Perang Dunnya I, hak-hak buruh èator sareng undang-undang, kalabân perwakilan buruh bân serikat buruh sè noro'. È awal abad kea-20, pihak-pihak sè mabâḍâ kontrak bebas kaangghuy nantowâghi syarat-syarat kontrak. Pabhiḍhâân sè rajâ èḍâlem kakobâsa'an sè biasa bâḍâ antarana majikan bân karyawan è pangaturan industri aghâbây sala pangalolaan. Sakejja'-sakejja', kabebasan kontrak para pihak èbâtessè sareng hokom. È taon 1919, Organisasi Buruh Internasional èpaḍḍek. haz8m5xnucwyoeychl8u37fse9xmr3r 65945 65944 2026-09-08T03:55:52Z Ichi Ocha 3826 65945 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hokom buruh''' panèka settong atoran bân norma, sè ètolès bân sè ta' katolès, sè ngator hubungan industri antarana majikan (pengusaha, perusahaan, otabâ bhâḍhân hokom) è sèttong sisi bân sè narèma lakoh akaḍhi tokang otabâ buruh è sisi laènna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hukum Perburuhan – LAW OFFICE AYUB & ASSOCIATES |url=https://ayubandassociates.com/hukum-perburuhan/ |access-date=2026-09-08 |language=en-US}}</ref> Hokom buruh bâḍâ è antarana hokom umum bân hokom pribadi. Èsebbhut hokom pribadi polana ngator hubunganna antara ḍuwâ' orèng (majikan bân karyawan), bân hokom umum polana naghârâ nuro' ngator kalabân aghâbây atoran sè ngator hubungan antara ḍuwâ' orèng ghâpanèka. Hukum buruh èbâgi ḍâddhi: # hokom buruh individu (parkara kontrak karjâ) bân # hokom buruh kolektif (parkara serikat buruh, mogok, bân salaènna), sè areng-bhâreng abentu' hokom sosial. == Parkara sè èator == * Pembentukan bân pemutusan kontrak karjâ * Perlindungan orèng sè alakoh * Hak bân kawajibhân mutlak sè èmolaè èkaollè ḍâri lalakon * Sistem disiplin bân tanggung jawab matèri * Pelaksanaan hubungan karjâ * Hak kaangghuy abhânto serikat buruh (ghâbây buruh) bân asosiasi majikan (kaangghuy majikan) * Parjanjian kolektif * Kontrol naghârâ kaangghuy pelaksanaan hokom buruh == Perkembangan == È jhâman ekonomi liberal, hubungan buruh sewa èpamaso' ḍâ' hubungan kontrak wajib bân èkembhângaghi ḍâ' rincian standar è hokom sipil. È abad ka-19, buruh sajân aghâbây tekanan ḍâ' naghârâ hokom akaḍhi Inggris Raya, Prancis, bân Jerman, sè aḍhâddhiyâghi adopsi undang-undang mènangka buruh bân hubunganna buruh. Saellana Perang Dunnya I, hak-hak buruh èator sareng undang-undang, kalabân perwakilan buruh bân serikat buruh sè noro'. È awal abad kea-20, pihak-pihak sè mabâḍâ kontrak bebas kaangghuy nantowâghi syarat-syarat kontrak. Pabhiḍhâân sè rajâ èḍâlem kakobâsa'an sè biasa bâḍâ antarana majikan bân karyawan è pangaturan industri aghâbây sala pangalolaan. Sakejja'-sakejja', kabebasan kontrak para pihak èbâtessè sareng hokom. È taon 1919, Organisasi Buruh Internasional èpaḍḍek. Saellana Perang Dunnya II, perlindungan buruh bân partisipasi ḍâlem manajemen entitas èkonomi ampon èator. È awwâl abad ka-21, bâḍâ kebebasan kontrak, bân buruh arassaaghi perlindungan sè lowas, akaḍhi perlindungan ḍâri kajadiyân èpaambu ḍâri kalakowan, jaminan sosial, kecelakaan bâkto bâḍâ kalakowan, bân salaènna. Perkembangan panèka ampon ḍhâddhi faktor sè signifikan dâlem distribusi kasejahteraan sè adil. == Sombher == <references /> gdl9r9myxktqbt2q66148haqh70oku0 65946 65945 2026-09-08T03:58:59Z Ichi Ocha 3826 65946 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hokom buruh''' panèka settong atoran bân norma, sè ètolès bân sè ta' katolès, sè ngator hubungan industri antarana majikan (pengusaha, perusahaan, otabâ bhâḍhân hokom) è sèttong sisi bân sè narèma lakoh akaḍhi tokang otabâ buruh è sisi laènna.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hukum Perburuhan – LAW OFFICE AYUB & ASSOCIATES |url=https://ayubandassociates.com/hukum-perburuhan/ |access-date=2026-09-08 |language=en-US}}</ref> Hokom buruh bâḍâ è antarana hokom umum bân hokom pribadi. Èsebbhut hokom pribadi polana ngator hubunganna antara ḍuwâ' orèng (majikan bân karyawan), bân hokom umum polana naghârâ nuro' ngator kalabân aghâbây atoran sè ngator hubungan antara ḍuwâ' orèng ghâpanèka. Hukum buruh èbâgi ḍâddhi: # hokom buruh individu (parkara kontrak karjâ) bân # hokom buruh kolektif (parkara serikat buruh, mogok, bân salaènna), sè areng-bhâreng abentu' hokom sosial. == Parkara sè èator == * Pembentukan bân pemutusan kontrak karjâ * Perlindungan orèng sè alakoh * Hak bân kawajibhân mutlak sè èmolaè èkaollè ḍâri lalakon * Sistem disiplin bân tanggung jawab matèri * Pelaksanaan hubungan karjâ * Hak kaangghuy abhânto serikat buruh (ghâbây buruh) bân asosiasi majikan (kaangghuy majikan) * Parjanjian kolektif * Kontrol naghârâ kaangghuy pelaksanaan hokom buruh == Perkembangan == È jhâman ekonomi liberal, hubungan buruh sewa èpamaso' ḍâ' hubungan kontrak wajib bân èkembhângaghi ḍâ' rincian standar è hokom sipil. È abad ka-19, buruh sajân aghâbây tekanan ḍâ' naghârâ hokom akaḍhi Inggris Raya, Prancis, bân Jerman, sè aḍhâddhiyâghi adopsi undang-undang mènangka buruh bân hubunganna buruh. Saellana Perang Dunnya I, hak-hak buruh èator sareng undang-undang, kalabân perwakilan buruh bân serikat buruh sè noro'. È awal abad kea-20, pihak-pihak sè mabâḍâ kontrak bebas kaangghuy nantowâghi syarat-syarat kontrak. Pabhiḍhâân sè rajâ èḍâlem kakobâsa'an sè biasa bâḍâ antarana majikan bân karyawan è pangaturan industri aghâbây sala pangalolaan. Sakejja'-sakejja', kabebasan kontrak para pihak èbâtessè sareng hokom. È taon 1919, Organisasi Buruh Internasional èpaḍḍek. Saellana Perang Dunnya II, perlindungan buruh bân partisipasi ḍâlem manajemen entitas èkonomi ampon èator. È awwâl abad ka-21, bâḍâ kebebasan kontrak, bân buruh arassaaghi perlindungan sè lowas, akaḍhi perlindungan ḍâri kajadiyân èpaambu ḍâri kalakowan, jaminan sosial, kecelakaan bâkto bâḍâ kalakowan, bân salaènna. Perkembangan panèka ampon ḍhâddhi faktor sè signifikan dâlem distribusi kasejahteraan sè adil. Hokom buruh ampon ḍâddhi produk hokom molaè jhâman kona. È ḍâlem hokom Romawi, kontrak layanan (''locatio conductio operarum'') namong aghâdhui peran sè mabâ polana bânnya'na perbudâghân. È Jerman Abad Partenga'an, hubungan karjâ segghut alibat'aghi parkara pribadi. Maskè buruh skala kènè' bâḍâ è pan-bârâmpan bâgiyân è dhunnya, saparoh kaduwâ' abad ka-18 èangghep mènangka awal sajhârâna buruh. == Sombher == <references /> ma5hdb162ay8luwsf1dsronhe1yisbb 0 19663 65947 2026-09-08T05:50:28Z R.hidayatdharma 4038 ←Membuat halaman berisi ''''Lech Wałęsa'''' 65947 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lech Wałęsa''' 8di0bygvcnqfm211uex4cyjmlnmythq 65948 65947 2026-09-08T05:51:28Z R.hidayatdharma 4038 65948 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox President |name = Lech Wałęsa |image = Lech Walesa - 2009.jpg |imagesize = 240px |caption = |order = [[Presiden Polandia]] ke-2 <br /><small> [[Polandia|Presiden Republik III]] terpilih pertama</small> |term_start = [[22 Desember]] [[1990]] |term_end = [[22 Desember]] [[1995]] |primeminister = [[Tadeusz Mazowiecki]], [[Jan Krzysztof Bielecki]], [[Jan Olszewski]], [[Waldemar Pawlak]], [[Hanna Suchocka]], [[Józef Oleksy]] |predecessor = [[Wojciech Jaruzelski]] (menjabat) [[Ryszard Kaczorowski]] (selesai) |successor = [[Aleksander Kwaśniewski]] |order2 = [[Solidaritas (Persatuan Dagang Polandia)|Ketua Solidaritas ke-1]] |term_start2 = [[1980]] |term_end2 = [[12 Desember]] [[1990]] |predecessor2 = Tidak ada |successor2 = [[Marian Krzaklewski]] |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1943|9|29|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Popowo, Gmina Tłuchowo|Popowo]], [[Polandia]] |death_date = |death_place = |party = [[Solidaritas (Persatuan Dagang Polandia)|Solidaritas]] |spouse = [[Danuta Wałęsa]] |profession = [[Listrik|Tukang listrik]] |religion = [[Gereja Katolik Roma|Katolik Roma]] |signature = |footnotes = }} '''Lech Wałęsa ''' ([[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]:{{IPAudio|Pl-Lech_Wałęsa.ogg|[lɛx vaˈwɛ̃sa]}}; {{lahirmati|[[Popowo]], [[Polandia]]|29|9|1943}}) '''Lech Wałęsa''' qnaa8wkvj4id2ssow6mri21k962zi5h 65949 65948 2026-09-08T06:13:14Z R.hidayatdharma 4038 65949 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox orang |name = Lech Wałęsa |image = Lech Walesa - 2009.jpg |imagesize = 240px |caption = |order = [[Presiden Polandia]] ke-2 <br /><small> [[Polandia|Presiden Republik III]] terpilih pertama</small> |term_start = [[22 Desember]] [[1990]] |term_end = [[22 Desember]] [[1995]] |primeminister = [[Tadeusz Mazowiecki]], [[Jan Krzysztof Bielecki]], [[Jan Olszewski]], [[Waldemar Pawlak]], [[Hanna Suchocka]], [[Józef Oleksy]] |predecessor = [[Wojciech Jaruzelski]] (menjabat) [[Ryszard Kaczorowski]] (selesai) |successor = [[Aleksander Kwaśniewski]] |order2 = [[Solidaritas (Persatuan Dagang Polandia)|Ketua Solidaritas ke-1]] |term_start2 = [[1980]] |term_end2 = [[12 Desember]] [[1990]] |predecessor2 = Tidak ada |successor2 = [[Marian Krzaklewski]] |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1943|9|29|df=y}} |birth_place = [[Popowo, Gmina Tłuchowo|Popowo]], [[Polandia]] |death_date = |death_place = |party = [[Solidaritas (Persatuan Dagang Polandia)|Solidaritas]] |spouse = [[Danuta Wałęsa]] |profession = [[Listrik|Tukang listrik]] |religion = [[Gereja Katolik Roma|Katolik Roma]] |signature = |footnotes = }} '''Lech Wałęsa ''' ([[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]:{{IPAudio|Pl-Lech_Wałęsa.ogg|[lɛx vaˈwɛ̃sa]}}; {{lahirmati|[[Popowo]], [[Polandia]]|29|9|1943}}) '''Lech Wałęsa''' qevxnyiqyw8ocx8oz0k7jisrwkifsdj 65950 65949 2026-09-08T08:05:44Z R.hidayatdharma 4038 65950 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox orang}} '''Lech Wałęsa''' ([[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]:{{IPAudio|Pl-Lech_Wałęsa.ogg|[lɛx vaˈwɛ̃sa]}}; {{lahirmati|[[Popowo]], [[Polandia]]|29|9|1943}}) hs0u8fpekm7adoiu8d15w90b37j29hu 65951 65950 2026-09-08T08:12:56Z R.hidayatdharma 4038 65951 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox orang}} '''Lech Wałęsa''' (lahèr 29 Sèptember 1943) aropa'aghi politikus Polandia, mantan Persatuan Dagang bân aktivis Serikat Pekerja sarta mantan tokang listrik. Lech noro' majhâghâ Solidaritas ''(Solidarność),'' serikat palako indepènden pertama è Blok Sovièt. Lech Wałęsa ollè pengharga'an Nobel Perdamaian è taon 1993 bân ajabat Prèsidèn Polandia è pèriode 1990-1995 (aghântè Aleksander Kwaśniewski).<ref>{{Cite web |title=CNN Cold War - Profile: Lech Walesa |url=http://edition.cnn.com:80/SPECIALS/cold.war/kbank/profiles/walesa/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20080914164101/http://edition.cnn.com:80/SPECIALS/cold.war/kbank/profiles/walesa/ |archive-date=2008-09-14 |access-date=2026-09-08 |website=edition.cnn.com}}</ref> == Sombher == <references /> ajnowgw0oqs33788cmb9c8oypnw0pfz 65952 65951 2026-09-08T08:14:21Z R.hidayatdharma 4038 65952 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox orang}} '''Lech Wałęsa''' (lahèr 29 Sèptember 1943) aropa'aghi politikus Polandia, mantan Persatuan Dagang bân aktivis Serikat Pekerja sarta mantan tokang listrik. Lech noro' majhâghâ Solidaritas ''(Solidarność),'' serikat palako indepènden pertama è Blok Sovièt. Lech Wałęsa ollè pengharga'an Nobel Perdamaian è taon 1993 bân ajabat Prèsidèn Polandia è pèriode 1990-1995 (aghântè Aleksander Kwaśniewski).<ref>{{Cite web |title=CNN Cold War - Profile: Lech Walesa |url=http://edition.cnn.com:80/SPECIALS/cold.war/kbank/profiles/walesa/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20080914164101/http://edition.cnn.com:80/SPECIALS/cold.war/kbank/profiles/walesa/ |archive-date=2008-09-14 |access-date=2026-09-08 |website=edition.cnn.com}}</ref> == Sombher == <references /> == Tèngghu kèya == <!--{{organized labour portal}}--> * ''[[Solidaritas]]'' * [[Sejarah Polandia]] * [[Gdańsk]] * [[Bezpartyjny Blok Wspierania Reform]] (BBWR) * [[Perang Dingin]] == Pranala loar == {{wikiquote}} * {{en}} [http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/kbank/profiles/walesa/ Profil Perang Dingin CNN tentang Lech Walesa] * {{en}} [http://www.britannica.com/nobel/micro/629_24.html Panduan BRITANNICA ke Hadiah Nobel] {{start box}} {{succession box| title=[[Tokoh tahunan|Tokoh tahunan versi ''Time''']]| before=[[Ronald Reagan]]| after=[[Bagian komputer|Komputer]]| years=[[1981]]| }} {{S-off}} {{succession box|title=[[Presiden Polandia]]|before=[[Wojciech Jaruzelski]] (menjabat) dan [[Ryszard Kaczorowski]] (selesai)|after=[[Aleksander Kwaśniewski]]|years=1990–1995}} {{end box}} {{Presiden Polandia}} {{Nobel Peace Prize Laureates 1976–2000}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Walesa, Lech}} [[Kategori:Lech Wałęsa| ]] [[Kategori:Tokoh dari provinsi Kujawy-Pomorze]] [[Kategori:Tokoh dari Gdańsk]] [[Kategori:Pemenang Hadiah Nobel Perdamaian]] [[Kategori:Presiden Polandia]] [[Kategori:Tokoh Tahun Ini]] {{politikus-stub}} snrxnpakuwwkqy5ulwjrurimik76znx 65953 65952 2026-09-08T08:17:29Z R.hidayatdharma 4038 65953 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|President of Poland from 1990 to 1995}} {{Redirect|Wałęsa}} {{Good article}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = Lech Wałęsa | image = 03.17 總統接見「波蘭前總統華勒沙乙行」 - 55151702432 (cropped).jpg | caption = Wałęsa in 2026 | office = [[President of Poland]] | prime_minister = [[Tadeusz Mazowiecki]]<br>[[Jan Krzysztof Bielecki]]<br>[[Jan Olszewski]]<br>[[Waldemar Pawlak]] (caretaker)<br>[[Hanna Suchocka]]<br>Waldemar Pawlak<br>[[Józef Oleksy]] | term_start = 22 December 1990 | term_end = 22 December 1995 | predecessor = [[Wojciech Jaruzelski]] (in country)<br>[[Ryszard Kaczorowski]] (as the last [[Polish government-in-exile|President-in-exile]]) | successor = [[Aleksander Kwaśniewski]] | office1 = Chairman of [[Christian Democracy of the Third Polish Republic]] | term_start1 = 1997 | term_end1 = 2001 | predecessor1 = {{em|Position established}} | successor1 = {{em|Position abolished}} | office2 = Chairman of [[Nonpartisan Bloc for Support of Reforms]] | term_start2 = 30 November 1993 | term_end2 = November 1997 | predecessor2 = {{em|Position established}} | successor2 = {{em|Position abolished}} | office3 = Chairman of [[Solidarity (Polish trade union)|Solidarity]] | term_start3 = 17 September 1980 | term_end3 = 23 February 1991{{efn|[[Resistance movement|Underground]] from [[Martial law in Poland|13 December 1981]] to [[Polish Round Table Agreement|17 April 1989]].}} | predecessor3 = ''Union established'' | successor3 = [[Marian Krzaklewski]] | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1943|9|29|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Popowo, Gmina Tłuchowo|Popowo]], [[Poland]]{{efn|then under [[Nazism|Nazi]] [[German occupation of Poland|German occupation]] within the so-called [[General Government]]}} | party = [[Civic Coalition (party)|Civic Coalition]] (since 2025)<br>(Affiliated non-Member)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://wiadomosci.onet.pl/kraj/lech-walesa-rozpoczyna-wspolprace-z-po/sbs7vq?utm_source=pl.wikipedia.org_viasg_wiadomosci&utm_medium=referal&utm_campaign=leo_automatic&srcc=undefined&utm_v=2 |title=Lech Wałęsa rozpoczyna współpracę z PO |access-date=29 March 2026}}</ref> | other_party = [[Civic Platform]] (2016-2025)<br>(Affiliated non-Member)<br>[[Christian Democracy of the Third Polish Republic]] (1997–2001)<br>[[Solidarity Electoral Action]] (1997–2001)<br>[[Nonpartisan Bloc for Support of Reforms]] (1993–1997)<br>[[Solidarity Citizens' Committee]] (1988–1993)<br>[[Solidarity (Polish trade union)|Solidarity]] (1980–1988) | occupation = Electrician | spouse = {{marriage|[[Danuta Wałęsa|Mirosława Danuta Gołoś]]|8 November 1969}} | children = 8, including [[Jarosław Wałęsa|Jarosław]] | awards = [[List of awards and honors received by Lech Wałęsa|Full list]] | signature = Lech Walesa Signature.svg | honorific_prefix = | honorific_suffix = | module = {{Listen|pos=center|embed=yes|filename=L Walesa-Strajk zakonczony.ogg|title=Lech Wałęsa's voice|type=speech|description=Wałęsa following the signing of the Gdańsk Agreement<br>Recorded 31 August 1980}} }} '''Lech Wałęsa''' (lahèr 29 Sèptember 1943) aropa'aghi politikus Polandia, mantan Persatuan Dagang bân aktivis Serikat Pekerja sarta mantan tokang listrik. Lech noro' majhâghâ Solidaritas ''(Solidarność),'' serikat palako indepènden pertama è Blok Sovièt. Lech Wałęsa ollè pengharga'an Nobel Perdamaian è taon 1993 bân ajabat Prèsidèn Polandia è pèriode 1990-1995 (aghântè Aleksander Kwaśniewski).<ref>{{Cite web |title=CNN Cold War - Profile: Lech Walesa |url=http://edition.cnn.com:80/SPECIALS/cold.war/kbank/profiles/walesa/ |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20080914164101/http://edition.cnn.com:80/SPECIALS/cold.war/kbank/profiles/walesa/ |archive-date=2008-09-14 |access-date=2026-09-08 |website=edition.cnn.com}}</ref> == Sombher == <references /> == Tèngghu kèya == <!--{{organized labour portal}}--> * ''[[Solidaritas]]'' * [[Sejarah Polandia]] * [[Gdańsk]] * [[Bezpartyjny Blok Wspierania Reform]] (BBWR) * [[Perang Dingin]] == Pranala loar == {{wikiquote}} * {{en}} [http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/kbank/profiles/walesa/ Profil Perang Dingin CNN tentang Lech Walesa] * {{en}} [http://www.britannica.com/nobel/micro/629_24.html Panduan BRITANNICA ke Hadiah Nobel] {{start box}} {{succession box| title=[[Tokoh tahunan|Tokoh tahunan versi ''Time''']]| before=[[Ronald Reagan]]| after=[[Bagian komputer|Komputer]]| years=[[1981]]| }} {{S-off}} {{succession box|title=[[Presiden Polandia]]|before=[[Wojciech Jaruzelski]] (menjabat) dan [[Ryszard Kaczorowski]] (selesai)|after=[[Aleksander Kwaśniewski]]|years=1990–1995}} {{end box}} {{Presiden Polandia}} {{Nobel Peace Prize Laureates 1976–2000}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Walesa, Lech}} [[Kategori:Lech Wałęsa| ]] [[Kategori:Tokoh dari provinsi Kujawy-Pomorze]] [[Kategori:Tokoh dari Gdańsk]] [[Kategori:Pemenang Hadiah Nobel Perdamaian]] [[Kategori:Presiden Polandia]] [[Kategori:Tokoh Tahun Ini]] {{politikus-stub}} dejagw2r0v567bku0evu1u94lxbg4kq