विकिपीडिया magwiki https://mag.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.11 first-letter मीडिया बिसेस बार्ता सदस्स सदस्स बार्ता विकिपीडिया विकिपीडिया बार्ता सञ्चिका सञ्चिका बार्ता मीडियाबिकि मीडियाबिकि बार्ता साञ्चा साञ्चा बार्ता सहायता सहायता बार्ता बर्ग बर्ग बार्ता TimedText TimedText talk मॉड्यूल मॉड्यूल वार्ता Event Event talk 0 16147 61957 59941 2026-07-18T20:30:59Z OutsideNormality 254 [[Special:Contributions/Sonagangual|Sonagangual]] ([[User talk:Sonagangual|वार्ता]]) द्वारा किए गए बदलाव [[Special:Diff/59940|59940]] को पूर्ववत किया: cross-wiki spam 61957 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox religious text | name = हनुमान् चालीसा | image = File:Hanuman Chalisa 4x3.jpg | caption = | author = [[गोस्वामी तुलसीदास]] | title_orig = | religion = [[हिन्दुधर्म]] | translator = | illustrator = | cover_artist = | country = [[भारत]] | language = [[अवधी]] | subject = हनुमान् चालीसा रामचरितमानस | genre = [[भक्ति]] | Shlok = ४० | website = | publisher = | pub_date = | english_pub_date = | media_type = | pages = | isbn = | oclc = | dewey = | congress = | preceded_by = | followed_by = }} '''हनुमान् चालीसा''' [[अवधीभाषा]]मे लिखल एक काव्यिक कृति है जेकरामे प्रभु श्री[[राम]]के महान् भक्त [[हनुमान्]] जी के गुण आउ कार्यके [https://hanumanchalisas.com/ चालीस चौपाई] मे वर्णन है ।<ref name="Google 2021 s937">{{Cite web | title=Google Books | website=Google | date=19 July 2021 | url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Hanuman_Chalisa_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%9A/kdRfzwEACAAJ?hl=en | access-date=27 January 2024}}</ref> ई बड़ी छोट रचना है, जे पवनपुत्र श्री हनुमान् जी के सुन्दर स्तुति करऽहै । एकरामे बजरङ्गबलीजी के भावपूर्ण वन्दन त हैए है, प्रभु श्रीरामके व्यक्तित्वो सरल शब्दमे गवा है । 'चालीसा' शब्दसे मतलब 'चालीस' (४०) के है काहे कि ई स्तुति मे ४० छन्द है (परिचय के २ दोहा के छोड़के) । हनुमान् चालीसा भगवान् हनुमान् जीके प्रसन्न करेला उनकर भक्त द्वारा कैल जायेवाला प्रार्थना है जेकरामे ४० पङ्क्ति है, एहीसे ई प्रार्थनाके हनुमान् चालीसा कहल जाहै । ई हनुमान् चालीसा भक्त गोस्वामी [[तुलसीदास]]जी द्वारा लिखल गेलै है जेकरा बड़ी शक्तिशाली मानल जा है । ==इतिहास== [[सञ्चिका:Goswami Tulsidas Awadhi Hindi Poet.jpg|thumb|गोस्वामी तुलसीदास]] एक बेर [[अकबर]] गोस्वामीजी के अपन सभामे बोलौलकै आउ उनकासे कहकै कि हमरा भगवान् श्रीरामसे मिलवाओ । तखनी तुलसीदास जी कहलन कि भगवान् श्रीराम खाली अपन भक्तेके दर्शन दे हथिन । ई सुनतहीँ अकबर गोस्वामी तुलसीदासजी के कारागारमे बन्द करवा देलकै ।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hindi.news18.com/news/dharm/who-wrote-hanuman-chalisa-the-story-behind-it-2999632.html|title=किसने लिखी थी हनुमान चालीसा, जिसके बारे में कही जाती हैं कई बातें|date=9 April 2020|website=न्यूज18 भारत|access-date=2020-09-15}}</ref> कारावासमे गोस्वामी जी [[अवधीभाषा]]मे हनुमान् चालीसा लिखलन । जैसहीँ हनुमान् चालीसा लिखेके कार्य पूर्ण होलै ओइसहीँ पूरा फतेहपुर सीकरीके बन्दर घेरके ओकरा पर धावा बोल देलकै । अकबरके सेनो बन्दरके आतङ्क रोके मे असफल रहलै । तखनि अकबर कौनो मन्त्रीके परामर्शके मानके तुलसीदासजी के कारागारसे मुक्त कर देलकै । जैसहीँ तुलसीदासजी के कारागारसे मुक्त कैल गेलै तखनिये बन्दर सब क्षेत्र छोड़के चल गेलै ।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/spiritual/religion-he-composed-the-hanuman-chalisa-13960595.html|title=इस तरह उन्होंने हनुमान चालीसा की रचना की -|last=झा|first=प्रीति|date=3 मई 2016|website=दैनिक जागरण|language=hi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170408083252/http://www.jagran.com/spiritual/religion-he-composed-the-hanuman-chalisa-13960595.html|archive-date=8 अप्रैल 2017|access-date=2024-09-24}}</ref> ई अद्भुत घटनाके बाद गोस्वामी तुलसीदासजी के महिमा दूर-दूर तक फैल गेलै आउ ऊ एक महान् सन्त आउ कविके रूपमे जानल जाए लगलन । उनकर रचना, जेकरामे रामचरितमानसो शामिल है, हिन्दुधर्ममे उच्च मान्यता आउ उत्सवके साथे मनावल जाहै । ==इहो देखी== *[[हनुमान्]] *[[गोस्वामी तुलसीदास]] ==सन्दर्भ== {{टिप्पणीसूची}} [[बर्ग:भक्ति आन्दोलन]] [[बर्ग:हिन्दी काव्य]] [[बर्ग:हनुमान्]] {{INTERWIKI|Q2663608}} o9k4lzqqxw9mpeiheuy7oeecxs9qk15 0 16620 61958 2026-07-19T06:26:24Z Pataliputra01 5 "[[सञ्चिका:Udayagiri Caves - Rani Gumpha 01.jpg|thumb|300px|उदयगिरिके रानी गुम्फा (मूल जैन श्वेताम्बर सम्प्रदाय)]]" के साथ नया पृष्ठ बनाया 61958 wikitext text/x-wiki [[सञ्चिका:Udayagiri Caves - Rani Gumpha 01.jpg|thumb|300px|उदयगिरिके रानी गुम्फा (मूल जैन श्वेताम्बर सम्प्रदाय)]] i07f5ys38gzml313i7xq1oyu6htqafv 61959 61958 2026-07-19T06:28:07Z Pataliputra01 5 /* */ 61959 wikitext text/x-wiki [[सञ्चिका:Udayagiri Caves - Rani Gumpha 01.jpg|thumb|300px|उदयगिरिके रानी गुम्फा (मूल जैन श्वेताम्बर सम्प्रदाय)]] [[जैनधर्म]] भारत श्रमण परम्परासे निकलल प्राचीन [[धर्म]] आउ [[दर्शनशास्त्र|दर्शन]] है । जैन अर्थात् कर्मके नाश करेवाला 'जिन भगवान्' के अनुयायी । [[सिन्धु घाटी सभ्यता|सिन्धु घाटी]]से भेटल जैन अवशेष जैनधर्मके सबसे प्राचीन धर्मके दर्जा दे है ।<ref name="जैन धर्म की प्राचीनता"> http://www.umich.edu/~umjains/jainismsimplified/chapter20.html  {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704210130/http://www.umich.edu/~umjains/jainismsimplified/chapter20.html |date=4 जुलाई 2015 }}</ref> l0r4xhdxkcksuu1kvmyuxf9g13wsr49 61960 61959 2026-07-19T06:29:36Z Pataliputra01 5 /* */ 61960 wikitext text/x-wiki [[सञ्चिका:Udayagiri Caves - Rani Gumpha 01.jpg|thumb|300px|उदयगिरिके रानी गुम्फा (मूल जैन श्वेताम्बर सम्प्रदाय)]] [[जैनधर्म]] भारत श्रमण परम्परासे निकलल प्राचीन [[धर्म]] आउ [[दर्शनशास्त्र|दर्शन]] है । जैन अर्थात् कर्मके नाश करेवाला 'जिन भगवान्' के अनुयायी । [[सिन्धु घाटी सभ्यता|सिन्धु घाटी]]से भेटल जैन अवशेष जैनधर्मके सबसे प्राचीन धर्मके दर्जा दे है ।<ref name="जैन धर्म की प्राचीनता"> http://www.umich.edu/~umjains/jainismsimplified/chapter20.html  {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704210130/http://www.umich.edu/~umjains/jainismsimplified/chapter20.html |date=4 जुलाई 2015 }}</ref> [[शिखरजी|सम्मेत्त शिखर]], [[राजगीर]], [[पावापुरी]], [[गिरनार]], [[शत्रुञ्जय]] [[पावागढ़]] आदि जैनके प्रसिद्ध [[तीर्थ]] है । [[पर्यूषण पर्व|पर्यूषण]] पर्व आउ महावीर स्वामी जन्म कल्याणक इनकर मुख्य त्यौहार है । [[अहमदाबाद]], [[महाराष्ट्र]], [[उत्तरप्रदेश]], [[बङ्गाल]], [[राजस्थान]] आदिके अनेक जैन आजकल भारतके अग्रगण्य उद्योगपति आउ व्यापारीमे गिनल जा हथिन । 0nrk71o67jspq43l3q5bcyk07pv3rzq 61961 61960 2026-07-19T06:31:37Z Pataliputra01 5 /* */ 61961 wikitext text/x-wiki [[सञ्चिका:Udayagiri Caves - Rani Gumpha 01.jpg|thumb|300px|उदयगिरिके रानी गुम्फा (मूल जैन श्वेताम्बर सम्प्रदाय)]] [[जैनधर्म]] भारत श्रमण परम्परासे निकलल प्राचीन [[धर्म]] आउ [[दर्शनशास्त्र|दर्शन]] है । जैन अर्थात् कर्मके नाश करेवाला 'जिन भगवान्' के अनुयायी । [[सिन्धु घाटी सभ्यता|सिन्धु घाटी]]से भेटल जैन अवशेष जैनधर्मके सबसे प्राचीन धर्मके दर्जा दे है ।<ref name="जैन धर्म की प्राचीनता"> http://www.umich.edu/~umjains/jainismsimplified/chapter20.html  {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704210130/http://www.umich.edu/~umjains/jainismsimplified/chapter20.html |date=4 जुलाई 2015 }}</ref> [[शिखरजी|सम्मेत्त शिखर]], [[राजगीर]], [[पावापुरी]], [[गिरनार]], [[शत्रुञ्जय]] [[पावागढ़]] आदि जैनके प्रसिद्ध [[तीर्थ]] है । [[पर्यूषण पर्व|पर्यूषण]] पर्व आउ महावीर स्वामी जन्म कल्याणक इनकर मुख्य त्यौहार है । [[अहमदाबाद]], [[महाराष्ट्र]], [[उत्तरप्रदेश]], [[बङ्गाल]], [[राजस्थान]] आदिके अनेक जैन आजकल भारतके अग्रगण्य उद्योगपति आउ व्यापारीमे गिनल जा हथिन । जैन ग्रन्थके अनुसार [[धर्म]] वस्तुके स्वाभाव समझाव है । एहीसे जहियासे [[सृष्टि]] है तहियासे धर्म है, आउ जहिया तक सृष्टि है तहिया तक धर्म रहतै, अर्थात् जैनधर्म सदासे अस्तित्वमे हलै आउ सदा रहतै ।<ref name="Glasenapp 1999. P.15">Helmuth von Glasenapp,Shridhar B. Shrotri. 1999. Jainism: an Indian religion of salvation. P.15 "Jainas consider that religion is eternal and imperishable. It is without beginning and it will never cease to exist. The darkness of error enveloping the truth in certain, periodically occurring aeons clears up again and again so that the brightness of the Jaina-faith can sparkle again anew."</ref><ref name="Dundas, Paul 2002. P.12">Dundas, Paul. 2002. The Jains. P.12 "Jainism is believed by its followers to be everlasting, without beginning or end..."</ref><ref>Varni, Jinendra; Ed. Prof. Sagarmal Jain, Translated Justice T.K. Tukol and Dr. Narendra Bhandari. ''{{IAST|Samaṇ Suttaṁ}}.'' New Delhi: Bhagwan Mahavir memorial Samiti. “The Historians have so far fully recognized the truth that Tirthankara Mahavira was not the founder of the religion. He was preceded by many tirthankaras. He merely reiterated and rejuvenated that religion. It is correct that history has not been able to trace the origin of the Jaina religion; but historical evidence now available and the result of dispassionate researches in literature have established that Jainism is undoubtedly an ancient religion.” Pp. xii&nbsp;– xiii of introduction by Justice T.K.Tutkol and Dr. K.K. Dixit.</ref><ref>Helmuth von Glasenapp,Shridhar B. Shrotri. 1999. Jainism: an Indian religion of salvation. P.24. "Thus not only nothing, from the philosophical and the historical point of view, comes in the way of the supposition that Jainism was established by Parsva around 800 BC, but it is rather confirmed in everything that we know of the spiritual life of that period."</ref><ref>Dundas, Paul. 2002. The Jains. P.17. "Jainism, then, was in origin merely one component of a north Indian ascetic culture that flourished in the Ganges basin from around the eighth or seventh centuries BC."</ref> pf1ji9gf9he0scboaac1yrqht7cah72 61962 61961 2026-07-19T06:33:23Z Pataliputra01 5 /* */ 61962 wikitext text/x-wiki [[सञ्चिका:Udayagiri Caves - Rani Gumpha 01.jpg|thumb|300px|उदयगिरिके रानी गुम्फा (मूल जैन श्वेताम्बर सम्प्रदाय)]] [[जैनधर्म]] भारत श्रमण परम्परासे निकलल प्राचीन [[धर्म]] आउ [[दर्शनशास्त्र|दर्शन]] है । जैन अर्थात् कर्मके नाश करेवाला 'जिन भगवान्' के अनुयायी । [[सिन्धु घाटी सभ्यता|सिन्धु घाटी]]से भेटल जैन अवशेष जैनधर्मके सबसे प्राचीन धर्मके दर्जा दे है ।<ref name="जैन धर्म की प्राचीनता"> http://www.umich.edu/~umjains/jainismsimplified/chapter20.html  {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704210130/http://www.umich.edu/~umjains/jainismsimplified/chapter20.html |date=4 जुलाई 2015 }}</ref> [[शिखरजी|सम्मेत्त शिखर]], [[राजगीर]], [[पावापुरी]], [[गिरनार]], [[शत्रुञ्जय]] [[पावागढ़]] आदि जैनके प्रसिद्ध [[तीर्थ]] है । [[पर्यूषण पर्व|पर्यूषण]] पर्व आउ महावीर स्वामी जन्म कल्याणक इनकर मुख्य त्यौहार है । [[अहमदाबाद]], [[महाराष्ट्र]], [[उत्तरप्रदेश]], [[बङ्गाल]], [[राजस्थान]] आदिके अनेक जैन आजकल भारतके अग्रगण्य उद्योगपति आउ व्यापारीमे गिनल जा हथिन । जैन ग्रन्थके अनुसार [[धर्म]] वस्तुके स्वाभाव समझाव है । एहीसे जहियासे [[सृष्टि]] है तहियासे धर्म है, आउ जहिया तक सृष्टि है तहिया तक धर्म रहतै, अर्थात् जैनधर्म सदासे अस्तित्वमे हलै आउ सदा रहतै ।<ref name="Glasenapp 1999. P.15">Helmuth von Glasenapp,Shridhar B. Shrotri. 1999. Jainism: an Indian religion of salvation. P.15 "Jainas consider that religion is eternal and imperishable. It is without beginning and it will never cease to exist. The darkness of error enveloping the truth in certain, periodically occurring aeons clears up again and again so that the brightness of the Jaina-faith can sparkle again anew."</ref><ref name="Dundas, Paul 2002. P.12">Dundas, Paul. 2002. The Jains. P.12 "Jainism is believed by its followers to be everlasting, without beginning or end..."</ref><ref>Varni, Jinendra; Ed. Prof. Sagarmal Jain, Translated Justice T.K. Tukol and Dr. Narendra Bhandari. ''{{IAST|Samaṇ Suttaṁ}}.'' New Delhi: Bhagwan Mahavir memorial Samiti. “The Historians have so far fully recognized the truth that Tirthankara Mahavira was not the founder of the religion. He was preceded by many tirthankaras. He merely reiterated and rejuvenated that religion. It is correct that history has not been able to trace the origin of the Jaina religion; but historical evidence now available and the result of dispassionate researches in literature have established that Jainism is undoubtedly an ancient religion.” Pp. xii&nbsp;– xiii of introduction by Justice T.K.Tutkol and Dr. K.K. Dixit.</ref><ref>Helmuth von Glasenapp,Shridhar B. Shrotri. 1999. Jainism: an Indian religion of salvation. P.24. "Thus not only nothing, from the philosophical and the historical point of view, comes in the way of the supposition that Jainism was established by Parsva around 800 BC, but it is rather confirmed in everything that we know of the spiritual life of that period."</ref><ref>Dundas, Paul. 2002. The Jains. P.17. "Jainism, then, was in origin merely one component of a north Indian ascetic culture that flourished in the Ganges basin from around the eighth or seventh centuries BC."</ref> इतिहासकार सब द्वारा जैनधर्मके मूलो [[सिन्धु घाटी सभ्यता]]से जोड़ल जा है जे [[हिन्द आर्य प्रवास]]से पूर्वके देशी आध्यात्मिकताके दर्शाव है । सिन्धु घाटीसे भेटल जैन शिलालेखो जैनधर्मके सबसे प्राचीन धर्म होवेके पुष्टि कर है । <ref>Larson, Gerald James (1995) ''India’s Agony over religion '' SUNY Press ISBN 0-7914-2412-X. “There is some evidence that Jain traditions may be even older than the Buddhist traditions, possibly going back to the time of the Indus valley civilization, and that Vardhamana rather than being a “founder” per se was, rather, simply a primary spokesman for much older tradition. Page 27”</ref><ref>Joel Diederik Beversluis (2000) In: ''Sourcebook of the World's Religions: An Interfaith Guide to Religion and Spirituality'', New World Library : Novato, CA ISBN 1-57731-121-3 Originating on the Indian sub-continent, Jainism is one of the oldest religion of its homeland and indeed the world, having pre-historic origins before 3000 BC and the propagation of Indo-Aryan culture.... p. 81</ref><ref>Jainism by Mrs. N.R. Guseva p.44</ref> अन्य शोधार्थीके अनुसार [[श्रमण परम्परा|श्रमण]] परम्परा [[वैदिक धर्म|ऐतिहासिक वैदिक धर्म]]के हिन्द-आर्य प्रथाके साथ समकालीन आउ पृथक होलै ।<ref>{{cite book | title=Jainism: An Introduction | publisher=I.B. Tauris | author=Long, Jeffrey D. | year=2009 | location=New York | pages=45–56 | isbn=978-1-84511-626-2}}</ref> 5kxakgfygh4p4il9pnp1d5p4vun997c 61963 61962 2026-07-19T06:35:39Z Pataliputra01 5 /* */ 61963 wikitext text/x-wiki [[सञ्चिका:Udayagiri Caves - Rani Gumpha 01.jpg|thumb|300px|उदयगिरिके रानी गुम्फा (मूल जैन श्वेताम्बर सम्प्रदाय)]] [[जैनधर्म]] भारत श्रमण परम्परासे निकलल प्राचीन [[धर्म]] आउ [[दर्शनशास्त्र|दर्शन]] है । जैन अर्थात् कर्मके नाश करेवाला 'जिन भगवान्' के अनुयायी । [[सिन्धु घाटी सभ्यता|सिन्धु घाटी]]से भेटल जैन अवशेष जैनधर्मके सबसे प्राचीन धर्मके दर्जा दे है ।<ref name="जैन धर्म की प्राचीनता"> http://www.umich.edu/~umjains/jainismsimplified/chapter20.html  {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704210130/http://www.umich.edu/~umjains/jainismsimplified/chapter20.html |date=4 जुलाई 2015 }}</ref> [[शिखरजी|सम्मेत्त शिखर]], [[राजगीर]], [[पावापुरी]], [[गिरनार]], [[शत्रुञ्जय]] [[पावागढ़]] आदि जैनके प्रसिद्ध [[तीर्थ]] है । [[पर्यूषण पर्व|पर्यूषण]] पर्व आउ महावीर स्वामी जन्म कल्याणक इनकर मुख्य त्यौहार है । [[अहमदाबाद]], [[महाराष्ट्र]], [[उत्तरप्रदेश]], [[बङ्गाल]], [[राजस्थान]] आदिके अनेक जैन आजकल भारतके अग्रगण्य उद्योगपति आउ व्यापारीमे गिनल जा हथिन । जैन ग्रन्थके अनुसार [[धर्म]] वस्तुके स्वाभाव समझाव है । एहीसे जहियासे [[सृष्टि]] है तहियासे धर्म है, आउ जहिया तक सृष्टि है तहिया तक धर्म रहतै, अर्थात् जैनधर्म सदासे अस्तित्वमे हलै आउ सदा रहतै ।<ref name="Glasenapp 1999. P.15">Helmuth von Glasenapp,Shridhar B. Shrotri. 1999. Jainism: an Indian religion of salvation. P.15 "Jainas consider that religion is eternal and imperishable. It is without beginning and it will never cease to exist. The darkness of error enveloping the truth in certain, periodically occurring aeons clears up again and again so that the brightness of the Jaina-faith can sparkle again anew."</ref><ref name="Dundas, Paul 2002. P.12">Dundas, Paul. 2002. The Jains. P.12 "Jainism is believed by its followers to be everlasting, without beginning or end..."</ref><ref>Varni, Jinendra; Ed. Prof. Sagarmal Jain, Translated Justice T.K. Tukol and Dr. Narendra Bhandari. ''{{IAST|Samaṇ Suttaṁ}}.'' New Delhi: Bhagwan Mahavir memorial Samiti. “The Historians have so far fully recognized the truth that Tirthankara Mahavira was not the founder of the religion. He was preceded by many tirthankaras. He merely reiterated and rejuvenated that religion. It is correct that history has not been able to trace the origin of the Jaina religion; but historical evidence now available and the result of dispassionate researches in literature have established that Jainism is undoubtedly an ancient religion.” Pp. xii&nbsp;– xiii of introduction by Justice T.K.Tutkol and Dr. K.K. Dixit.</ref><ref>Helmuth von Glasenapp,Shridhar B. Shrotri. 1999. Jainism: an Indian religion of salvation. P.24. "Thus not only nothing, from the philosophical and the historical point of view, comes in the way of the supposition that Jainism was established by Parsva around 800 BC, but it is rather confirmed in everything that we know of the spiritual life of that period."</ref><ref>Dundas, Paul. 2002. The Jains. P.17. "Jainism, then, was in origin merely one component of a north Indian ascetic culture that flourished in the Ganges basin from around the eighth or seventh centuries BC."</ref> इतिहासकार सब द्वारा जैनधर्मके मूलो [[सिन्धु घाटी सभ्यता]]से जोड़ल जा है जे [[हिन्द आर्य प्रवास]]से पूर्वके देशी आध्यात्मिकताके दर्शाव है । सिन्धु घाटीसे भेटल जैन शिलालेखो जैनधर्मके सबसे प्राचीन धर्म होवेके पुष्टि कर है । <ref>Larson, Gerald James (1995) ''India’s Agony over religion '' SUNY Press ISBN 0-7914-2412-X. “There is some evidence that Jain traditions may be even older than the Buddhist traditions, possibly going back to the time of the Indus valley civilization, and that Vardhamana rather than being a “founder” per se was, rather, simply a primary spokesman for much older tradition. Page 27”</ref><ref>Joel Diederik Beversluis (2000) In: ''Sourcebook of the World's Religions: An Interfaith Guide to Religion and Spirituality'', New World Library : Novato, CA ISBN 1-57731-121-3 Originating on the Indian sub-continent, Jainism is one of the oldest religion of its homeland and indeed the world, having pre-historic origins before 3000 BC and the propagation of Indo-Aryan culture.... p. 81</ref><ref>Jainism by Mrs. N.R. Guseva p.44</ref> अन्य शोधार्थीके अनुसार [[श्रमण परम्परा|श्रमण]] परम्परा [[वैदिक धर्म|ऐतिहासिक वैदिक धर्म]]के हिन्द-आर्य प्रथाके साथ समकालीन आउ पृथक होलै ।<ref>{{cite book | title=Jainism: An Introduction | publisher=I.B. Tauris | author=Long, Jeffrey D. | year=2009 | location=New York | pages=45–56 | isbn=978-1-84511-626-2}}</ref> जैन ग्रन्थ ([[आगम (जैन)|आगम]]) के अनुसार वर्तमानमे प्रचलित जैनधर्म [[ऋषभदेव|आदिनाथ]]के समयसे प्रचलनमे ऐलै । एहैँसे जे [[तीर्थङ्कर]] परम्परा प्रारम्भ होलै ऊ [[महावीर]] वा वर्धमान तक चलित रहलै जे ईसासे ५२७ वर्ष पूर्व [[निर्वाण]] प्राप्त कैलन हल । महावीरके समयसे पीछे कुछ लोग विशेषकरके यूरोपीय विद्वान् जैनधर्मके प्रचलित होएल मान हथिन । जैनधर्म [[बौद्धधर्म]]से पुराना है । एकर बौद्धधर्मसे कोनो नाता न है । f6r5i529ec70y4fpgtkdpt69cm48rgl 61964 61963 2026-07-19T06:35:59Z Pataliputra01 5 /* */ 61964 wikitext text/x-wiki [[सञ्चिका:Udayagiri Caves - Rani Gumpha 01.jpg|thumb|300px|उदयगिरिके रानी गुम्फा (मूल जैन श्वेताम्बर सम्प्रदाय)]] [[जैनधर्म]] भारत श्रमण परम्परासे निकलल प्राचीन [[धर्म]] आउ [[दर्शनशास्त्र|दर्शन]] है । जैन अर्थात् कर्मके नाश करेवाला 'जिन भगवान्' के अनुयायी । [[सिन्धु घाटी सभ्यता|सिन्धु घाटी]]से भेटल जैन अवशेष जैनधर्मके सबसे प्राचीन धर्मके दर्जा दे है ।<ref name="जैन धर्म की प्राचीनता"> http://www.umich.edu/~umjains/jainismsimplified/chapter20.html  {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704210130/http://www.umich.edu/~umjains/jainismsimplified/chapter20.html |date=4 जुलाई 2015 }}</ref> [[शिखरजी|सम्मेत्त शिखर]], [[राजगीर]], [[पावापुरी]], [[गिरनार]], [[शत्रुञ्जय]] [[पावागढ़]] आदि जैनके प्रसिद्ध [[तीर्थ]] है । [[पर्यूषण पर्व|पर्यूषण]] पर्व आउ महावीर स्वामी जन्म कल्याणक इनकर मुख्य त्यौहार है । [[अहमदाबाद]], [[महाराष्ट्र]], [[उत्तरप्रदेश]], [[बङ्गाल]], [[राजस्थान]] आदिके अनेक जैन आजकल भारतके अग्रगण्य उद्योगपति आउ व्यापारीमे गिनल जा हथिन । जैन ग्रन्थके अनुसार [[धर्म]] वस्तुके स्वाभाव समझाव है । एहीसे जहियासे [[सृष्टि]] है तहियासे धर्म है, आउ जहिया तक सृष्टि है तहिया तक धर्म रहतै, अर्थात् जैनधर्म सदासे अस्तित्वमे हलै आउ सदा रहतै ।<ref name="Glasenapp 1999. P.15">Helmuth von Glasenapp,Shridhar B. Shrotri. 1999. Jainism: an Indian religion of salvation. P.15 "Jainas consider that religion is eternal and imperishable. It is without beginning and it will never cease to exist. The darkness of error enveloping the truth in certain, periodically occurring aeons clears up again and again so that the brightness of the Jaina-faith can sparkle again anew."</ref><ref name="Dundas, Paul 2002. P.12">Dundas, Paul. 2002. The Jains. P.12 "Jainism is believed by its followers to be everlasting, without beginning or end..."</ref><ref>Varni, Jinendra; Ed. Prof. Sagarmal Jain, Translated Justice T.K. Tukol and Dr. Narendra Bhandari. ''{{IAST|Samaṇ Suttaṁ}}.'' New Delhi: Bhagwan Mahavir memorial Samiti. “The Historians have so far fully recognized the truth that Tirthankara Mahavira was not the founder of the religion. He was preceded by many tirthankaras. He merely reiterated and rejuvenated that religion. It is correct that history has not been able to trace the origin of the Jaina religion; but historical evidence now available and the result of dispassionate researches in literature have established that Jainism is undoubtedly an ancient religion.” Pp. xii&nbsp;– xiii of introduction by Justice T.K.Tutkol and Dr. K.K. Dixit.</ref><ref>Helmuth von Glasenapp,Shridhar B. Shrotri. 1999. Jainism: an Indian religion of salvation. P.24. "Thus not only nothing, from the philosophical and the historical point of view, comes in the way of the supposition that Jainism was established by Parsva around 800 BC, but it is rather confirmed in everything that we know of the spiritual life of that period."</ref><ref>Dundas, Paul. 2002. The Jains. P.17. "Jainism, then, was in origin merely one component of a north Indian ascetic culture that flourished in the Ganges basin from around the eighth or seventh centuries BC."</ref> इतिहासकार सब द्वारा जैनधर्मके मूलो [[सिन्धु घाटी सभ्यता]]से जोड़ल जा है जे [[हिन्द आर्य प्रवास]]से पूर्वके देशी आध्यात्मिकताके दर्शाव है । सिन्धु घाटीसे भेटल जैन शिलालेखो जैनधर्मके सबसे प्राचीन धर्म होवेके पुष्टि कर है । <ref>Larson, Gerald James (1995) ''India’s Agony over religion '' SUNY Press ISBN 0-7914-2412-X. “There is some evidence that Jain traditions may be even older than the Buddhist traditions, possibly going back to the time of the Indus valley civilization, and that Vardhamana rather than being a “founder” per se was, rather, simply a primary spokesman for much older tradition. Page 27”</ref><ref>Joel Diederik Beversluis (2000) In: ''Sourcebook of the World's Religions: An Interfaith Guide to Religion and Spirituality'', New World Library : Novato, CA ISBN 1-57731-121-3 Originating on the Indian sub-continent, Jainism is one of the oldest religion of its homeland and indeed the world, having pre-historic origins before 3000 BC and the propagation of Indo-Aryan culture.... p. 81</ref><ref>Jainism by Mrs. N.R. Guseva p.44</ref> अन्य शोधार्थीके अनुसार [[श्रमण परम्परा|श्रमण]] परम्परा [[वैदिक धर्म|ऐतिहासिक वैदिक धर्म]]के हिन्द-आर्य प्रथाके साथ समकालीन आउ पृथक होलै ।<ref>{{cite book | title=Jainism: An Introduction | publisher=I.B. Tauris | author=Long, Jeffrey D. | year=2009 | location=New York | pages=45–56 | isbn=978-1-84511-626-2}}</ref> जैन ग्रन्थ ([[आगम (जैन)|आगम]]) के अनुसार वर्तमानमे प्रचलित जैनधर्म [[ऋषभदेव|आदिनाथ]]के समयसे प्रचलनमे ऐलै । एहैँसे जे [[तीर्थङ्कर]] परम्परा प्रारम्भ होलै ऊ [[महावीर]] वा वर्धमान तक चलित रहलै जे ईसासे ५२७ वर्ष पूर्व [[निर्वाण]] प्राप्त कैलन हल । महावीरके समयसे पीछे कुछ लोग विशेषकरके यूरोपीय विद्वान् जैनधर्मके प्रचलित होएल मान हथिन । जैनधर्म [[बौद्धधर्म]]से पुराना है । एकर बौद्धधर्मसे कोनो नाता न है । == एकरो देखथिन == 7tjvl233g57fa8evc9278g23z3fbmhw 61965 61964 2026-07-19T06:36:32Z Pataliputra01 5 61965 wikitext text/x-wiki [[सञ्चिका:Udayagiri Caves - Rani Gumpha 01.jpg|thumb|300px|उदयगिरिके रानी गुम्फा (मूल जैन श्वेताम्बर सम्प्रदाय)]] [[जैनधर्म]] भारत श्रमण परम्परासे निकलल प्राचीन [[धर्म]] आउ [[दर्शनशास्त्र|दर्शन]] है । जैन अर्थात् कर्मके नाश करेवाला 'जिन भगवान्' के अनुयायी । [[सिन्धु घाटी सभ्यता|सिन्धु घाटी]]से भेटल जैन अवशेष जैनधर्मके सबसे प्राचीन धर्मके दर्जा दे है ।<ref name="जैन धर्म की प्राचीनता"> http://www.umich.edu/~umjains/jainismsimplified/chapter20.html  {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704210130/http://www.umich.edu/~umjains/jainismsimplified/chapter20.html |date=4 जुलाई 2015 }}</ref> [[शिखरजी|सम्मेत्त शिखर]], [[राजगीर]], [[पावापुरी]], [[गिरनार]], [[शत्रुञ्जय]] [[पावागढ़]] आदि जैनके प्रसिद्ध [[तीर्थ]] है । [[पर्यूषण पर्व|पर्यूषण]] पर्व आउ महावीर स्वामी जन्म कल्याणक इनकर मुख्य त्यौहार है । [[अहमदाबाद]], [[महाराष्ट्र]], [[उत्तरप्रदेश]], [[बङ्गाल]], [[राजस्थान]] आदिके अनेक जैन आजकल भारतके अग्रगण्य उद्योगपति आउ व्यापारीमे गिनल जा हथिन । जैन ग्रन्थके अनुसार [[धर्म]] वस्तुके स्वाभाव समझाव है । एहीसे जहियासे [[सृष्टि]] है तहियासे धर्म है, आउ जहिया तक सृष्टि है तहिया तक धर्म रहतै, अर्थात् जैनधर्म सदासे अस्तित्वमे हलै आउ सदा रहतै ।<ref name="Glasenapp 1999. P.15">Helmuth von Glasenapp,Shridhar B. Shrotri. 1999. Jainism: an Indian religion of salvation. P.15 "Jainas consider that religion is eternal and imperishable. It is without beginning and it will never cease to exist. The darkness of error enveloping the truth in certain, periodically occurring aeons clears up again and again so that the brightness of the Jaina-faith can sparkle again anew."</ref><ref name="Dundas, Paul 2002. P.12">Dundas, Paul. 2002. The Jains. P.12 "Jainism is believed by its followers to be everlasting, without beginning or end..."</ref><ref>Varni, Jinendra; Ed. Prof. Sagarmal Jain, Translated Justice T.K. Tukol and Dr. Narendra Bhandari. ''{{IAST|Samaṇ Suttaṁ}}.'' New Delhi: Bhagwan Mahavir memorial Samiti. “The Historians have so far fully recognized the truth that Tirthankara Mahavira was not the founder of the religion. He was preceded by many tirthankaras. He merely reiterated and rejuvenated that religion. It is correct that history has not been able to trace the origin of the Jaina religion; but historical evidence now available and the result of dispassionate researches in literature have established that Jainism is undoubtedly an ancient religion.” Pp. xii&nbsp;– xiii of introduction by Justice T.K.Tutkol and Dr. K.K. Dixit.</ref><ref>Helmuth von Glasenapp,Shridhar B. Shrotri. 1999. Jainism: an Indian religion of salvation. P.24. "Thus not only nothing, from the philosophical and the historical point of view, comes in the way of the supposition that Jainism was established by Parsva around 800 BC, but it is rather confirmed in everything that we know of the spiritual life of that period."</ref><ref>Dundas, Paul. 2002. The Jains. P.17. "Jainism, then, was in origin merely one component of a north Indian ascetic culture that flourished in the Ganges basin from around the eighth or seventh centuries BC."</ref> इतिहासकार सब द्वारा जैनधर्मके मूलो [[सिन्धु घाटी सभ्यता]]से जोड़ल जा है जे [[हिन्द आर्य प्रवास]]से पूर्वके देशी आध्यात्मिकताके दर्शाव है । सिन्धु घाटीसे भेटल जैन शिलालेखो जैनधर्मके सबसे प्राचीन धर्म होवेके पुष्टि कर है । <ref>Larson, Gerald James (1995) ''India’s Agony over religion '' SUNY Press ISBN 0-7914-2412-X. “There is some evidence that Jain traditions may be even older than the Buddhist traditions, possibly going back to the time of the Indus valley civilization, and that Vardhamana rather than being a “founder” per se was, rather, simply a primary spokesman for much older tradition. Page 27”</ref><ref>Joel Diederik Beversluis (2000) In: ''Sourcebook of the World's Religions: An Interfaith Guide to Religion and Spirituality'', New World Library : Novato, CA ISBN 1-57731-121-3 Originating on the Indian sub-continent, Jainism is one of the oldest religion of its homeland and indeed the world, having pre-historic origins before 3000 BC and the propagation of Indo-Aryan culture.... p. 81</ref><ref>Jainism by Mrs. N.R. Guseva p.44</ref> अन्य शोधार्थीके अनुसार [[श्रमण परम्परा|श्रमण]] परम्परा [[वैदिक धर्म|ऐतिहासिक वैदिक धर्म]]के हिन्द-आर्य प्रथाके साथ समकालीन आउ पृथक होलै ।<ref>{{cite book | title=Jainism: An Introduction | publisher=I.B. Tauris | author=Long, Jeffrey D. | year=2009 | location=New York | pages=45–56 | isbn=978-1-84511-626-2}}</ref> जैन ग्रन्थ ([[आगम (जैन)|आगम]]) के अनुसार वर्तमानमे प्रचलित जैनधर्म [[ऋषभदेव|आदिनाथ]]के समयसे प्रचलनमे ऐलै । एहैँसे जे [[तीर्थङ्कर]] परम्परा प्रारम्भ होलै ऊ [[महावीर]] वा वर्धमान तक चलित रहलै जे ईसासे ५२७ वर्ष पूर्व [[निर्वाण]] प्राप्त कैलन हल । महावीरके समयसे पीछे कुछ लोग विशेषकरके यूरोपीय विद्वान् जैनधर्मके प्रचलित होएल मान हथिन । जैनधर्म [[बौद्धधर्म]]से पुराना है । एकर बौद्धधर्मसे कोनो नाता न है । == एकरो देखथिन == * [[भारतमे जैनधर्म]] * [[जैनधर्म]] * [[गणधर]] * [[तीर्थङ्कर|जैनधर्मके तीर्थङ्कर]] * [[जैन त्योहार]] * [[विहरमान तीर्थङ्कर]] * [[शलाकापुरुष]] 6ntc3vvsb1sicpx3dpdr0xayhyt2hvr 61966 61965 2026-07-19T06:36:46Z Pataliputra01 5 61966 wikitext text/x-wiki [[सञ्चिका:Udayagiri Caves - Rani Gumpha 01.jpg|thumb|300px|उदयगिरिके रानी गुम्फा (मूल जैन श्वेताम्बर सम्प्रदाय)]] [[जैनधर्म]] भारत श्रमण परम्परासे निकलल प्राचीन [[धर्म]] आउ [[दर्शनशास्त्र|दर्शन]] है । जैन अर्थात् कर्मके नाश करेवाला 'जिन भगवान्' के अनुयायी । [[सिन्धु घाटी सभ्यता|सिन्धु घाटी]]से भेटल जैन अवशेष जैनधर्मके सबसे प्राचीन धर्मके दर्जा दे है ।<ref name="जैन धर्म की प्राचीनता"> http://www.umich.edu/~umjains/jainismsimplified/chapter20.html  {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704210130/http://www.umich.edu/~umjains/jainismsimplified/chapter20.html |date=4 जुलाई 2015 }}</ref> [[शिखरजी|सम्मेत्त शिखर]], [[राजगीर]], [[पावापुरी]], [[गिरनार]], [[शत्रुञ्जय]] [[पावागढ़]] आदि जैनके प्रसिद्ध [[तीर्थ]] है । [[पर्यूषण पर्व|पर्यूषण]] पर्व आउ महावीर स्वामी जन्म कल्याणक इनकर मुख्य त्यौहार है । [[अहमदाबाद]], [[महाराष्ट्र]], [[उत्तरप्रदेश]], [[बङ्गाल]], [[राजस्थान]] आदिके अनेक जैन आजकल भारतके अग्रगण्य उद्योगपति आउ व्यापारीमे गिनल जा हथिन । जैन ग्रन्थके अनुसार [[धर्म]] वस्तुके स्वाभाव समझाव है । एहीसे जहियासे [[सृष्टि]] है तहियासे धर्म है, आउ जहिया तक सृष्टि है तहिया तक धर्म रहतै, अर्थात् जैनधर्म सदासे अस्तित्वमे हलै आउ सदा रहतै ।<ref name="Glasenapp 1999. P.15">Helmuth von Glasenapp,Shridhar B. Shrotri. 1999. Jainism: an Indian religion of salvation. P.15 "Jainas consider that religion is eternal and imperishable. It is without beginning and it will never cease to exist. The darkness of error enveloping the truth in certain, periodically occurring aeons clears up again and again so that the brightness of the Jaina-faith can sparkle again anew."</ref><ref name="Dundas, Paul 2002. P.12">Dundas, Paul. 2002. The Jains. P.12 "Jainism is believed by its followers to be everlasting, without beginning or end..."</ref><ref>Varni, Jinendra; Ed. Prof. Sagarmal Jain, Translated Justice T.K. Tukol and Dr. Narendra Bhandari. ''{{IAST|Samaṇ Suttaṁ}}.'' New Delhi: Bhagwan Mahavir memorial Samiti. “The Historians have so far fully recognized the truth that Tirthankara Mahavira was not the founder of the religion. He was preceded by many tirthankaras. He merely reiterated and rejuvenated that religion. It is correct that history has not been able to trace the origin of the Jaina religion; but historical evidence now available and the result of dispassionate researches in literature have established that Jainism is undoubtedly an ancient religion.” Pp. xii&nbsp;– xiii of introduction by Justice T.K.Tutkol and Dr. K.K. Dixit.</ref><ref>Helmuth von Glasenapp,Shridhar B. Shrotri. 1999. Jainism: an Indian religion of salvation. P.24. "Thus not only nothing, from the philosophical and the historical point of view, comes in the way of the supposition that Jainism was established by Parsva around 800 BC, but it is rather confirmed in everything that we know of the spiritual life of that period."</ref><ref>Dundas, Paul. 2002. The Jains. P.17. "Jainism, then, was in origin merely one component of a north Indian ascetic culture that flourished in the Ganges basin from around the eighth or seventh centuries BC."</ref> इतिहासकार सब द्वारा जैनधर्मके मूलो [[सिन्धु घाटी सभ्यता]]से जोड़ल जा है जे [[हिन्द आर्य प्रवास]]से पूर्वके देशी आध्यात्मिकताके दर्शाव है । सिन्धु घाटीसे भेटल जैन शिलालेखो जैनधर्मके सबसे प्राचीन धर्म होवेके पुष्टि कर है । <ref>Larson, Gerald James (1995) ''India’s Agony over religion '' SUNY Press ISBN 0-7914-2412-X. “There is some evidence that Jain traditions may be even older than the Buddhist traditions, possibly going back to the time of the Indus valley civilization, and that Vardhamana rather than being a “founder” per se was, rather, simply a primary spokesman for much older tradition. Page 27”</ref><ref>Joel Diederik Beversluis (2000) In: ''Sourcebook of the World's Religions: An Interfaith Guide to Religion and Spirituality'', New World Library : Novato, CA ISBN 1-57731-121-3 Originating on the Indian sub-continent, Jainism is one of the oldest religion of its homeland and indeed the world, having pre-historic origins before 3000 BC and the propagation of Indo-Aryan culture.... p. 81</ref><ref>Jainism by Mrs. N.R. Guseva p.44</ref> अन्य शोधार्थीके अनुसार [[श्रमण परम्परा|श्रमण]] परम्परा [[वैदिक धर्म|ऐतिहासिक वैदिक धर्म]]के हिन्द-आर्य प्रथाके साथ समकालीन आउ पृथक होलै ।<ref>{{cite book | title=Jainism: An Introduction | publisher=I.B. Tauris | author=Long, Jeffrey D. | year=2009 | location=New York | pages=45–56 | isbn=978-1-84511-626-2}}</ref> जैन ग्रन्थ ([[आगम (जैन)|आगम]]) के अनुसार वर्तमानमे प्रचलित जैनधर्म [[ऋषभदेव|आदिनाथ]]के समयसे प्रचलनमे ऐलै । एहैँसे जे [[तीर्थङ्कर]] परम्परा प्रारम्भ होलै ऊ [[महावीर]] वा वर्धमान तक चलित रहलै जे ईसासे ५२७ वर्ष पूर्व [[निर्वाण]] प्राप्त कैलन हल । महावीरके समयसे पीछे कुछ लोग विशेषकरके यूरोपीय विद्वान् जैनधर्मके प्रचलित होएल मान हथिन । जैनधर्म [[बौद्धधर्म]]से पुराना है । एकर बौद्धधर्मसे कोनो नाता न है । == एकरो देखथिन == * [[भारतमे जैनधर्म]] * [[जैनधर्म]] * [[गणधर]] * [[तीर्थङ्कर|जैनधर्मके तीर्थङ्कर]] * [[जैन त्योहार]] * [[विहरमान तीर्थङ्कर]] * [[शलाकापुरुष]] ==सन्दर्भ== {{टिप्पणीसूची}} fk8g1n1copfoi492wu43d8h0jk3ta8c 61967 61966 2026-07-19T06:37:20Z Pataliputra01 5 /* सन्दर्भ */ 61967 wikitext text/x-wiki [[सञ्चिका:Udayagiri Caves - Rani Gumpha 01.jpg|thumb|300px|उदयगिरिके रानी गुम्फा (मूल जैन श्वेताम्बर सम्प्रदाय)]] [[जैनधर्म]] भारत श्रमण परम्परासे निकलल प्राचीन [[धर्म]] आउ [[दर्शनशास्त्र|दर्शन]] है । जैन अर्थात् कर्मके नाश करेवाला 'जिन भगवान्' के अनुयायी । [[सिन्धु घाटी सभ्यता|सिन्धु घाटी]]से भेटल जैन अवशेष जैनधर्मके सबसे प्राचीन धर्मके दर्जा दे है ।<ref name="जैन धर्म की प्राचीनता"> http://www.umich.edu/~umjains/jainismsimplified/chapter20.html  {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704210130/http://www.umich.edu/~umjains/jainismsimplified/chapter20.html |date=4 जुलाई 2015 }}</ref> [[शिखरजी|सम्मेत्त शिखर]], [[राजगीर]], [[पावापुरी]], [[गिरनार]], [[शत्रुञ्जय]] [[पावागढ़]] आदि जैनके प्रसिद्ध [[तीर्थ]] है । [[पर्यूषण पर्व|पर्यूषण]] पर्व आउ महावीर स्वामी जन्म कल्याणक इनकर मुख्य त्यौहार है । [[अहमदाबाद]], [[महाराष्ट्र]], [[उत्तरप्रदेश]], [[बङ्गाल]], [[राजस्थान]] आदिके अनेक जैन आजकल भारतके अग्रगण्य उद्योगपति आउ व्यापारीमे गिनल जा हथिन । जैन ग्रन्थके अनुसार [[धर्म]] वस्तुके स्वाभाव समझाव है । एहीसे जहियासे [[सृष्टि]] है तहियासे धर्म है, आउ जहिया तक सृष्टि है तहिया तक धर्म रहतै, अर्थात् जैनधर्म सदासे अस्तित्वमे हलै आउ सदा रहतै ।<ref name="Glasenapp 1999. P.15">Helmuth von Glasenapp,Shridhar B. Shrotri. 1999. Jainism: an Indian religion of salvation. P.15 "Jainas consider that religion is eternal and imperishable. It is without beginning and it will never cease to exist. The darkness of error enveloping the truth in certain, periodically occurring aeons clears up again and again so that the brightness of the Jaina-faith can sparkle again anew."</ref><ref name="Dundas, Paul 2002. P.12">Dundas, Paul. 2002. The Jains. P.12 "Jainism is believed by its followers to be everlasting, without beginning or end..."</ref><ref>Varni, Jinendra; Ed. Prof. Sagarmal Jain, Translated Justice T.K. Tukol and Dr. Narendra Bhandari. ''{{IAST|Samaṇ Suttaṁ}}.'' New Delhi: Bhagwan Mahavir memorial Samiti. “The Historians have so far fully recognized the truth that Tirthankara Mahavira was not the founder of the religion. He was preceded by many tirthankaras. He merely reiterated and rejuvenated that religion. It is correct that history has not been able to trace the origin of the Jaina religion; but historical evidence now available and the result of dispassionate researches in literature have established that Jainism is undoubtedly an ancient religion.” Pp. xii&nbsp;– xiii of introduction by Justice T.K.Tutkol and Dr. K.K. Dixit.</ref><ref>Helmuth von Glasenapp,Shridhar B. Shrotri. 1999. Jainism: an Indian religion of salvation. P.24. "Thus not only nothing, from the philosophical and the historical point of view, comes in the way of the supposition that Jainism was established by Parsva around 800 BC, but it is rather confirmed in everything that we know of the spiritual life of that period."</ref><ref>Dundas, Paul. 2002. The Jains. P.17. "Jainism, then, was in origin merely one component of a north Indian ascetic culture that flourished in the Ganges basin from around the eighth or seventh centuries BC."</ref> इतिहासकार सब द्वारा जैनधर्मके मूलो [[सिन्धु घाटी सभ्यता]]से जोड़ल जा है जे [[हिन्द आर्य प्रवास]]से पूर्वके देशी आध्यात्मिकताके दर्शाव है । सिन्धु घाटीसे भेटल जैन शिलालेखो जैनधर्मके सबसे प्राचीन धर्म होवेके पुष्टि कर है । <ref>Larson, Gerald James (1995) ''India’s Agony over religion '' SUNY Press ISBN 0-7914-2412-X. “There is some evidence that Jain traditions may be even older than the Buddhist traditions, possibly going back to the time of the Indus valley civilization, and that Vardhamana rather than being a “founder” per se was, rather, simply a primary spokesman for much older tradition. Page 27”</ref><ref>Joel Diederik Beversluis (2000) In: ''Sourcebook of the World's Religions: An Interfaith Guide to Religion and Spirituality'', New World Library : Novato, CA ISBN 1-57731-121-3 Originating on the Indian sub-continent, Jainism is one of the oldest religion of its homeland and indeed the world, having pre-historic origins before 3000 BC and the propagation of Indo-Aryan culture.... p. 81</ref><ref>Jainism by Mrs. N.R. Guseva p.44</ref> अन्य शोधार्थीके अनुसार [[श्रमण परम्परा|श्रमण]] परम्परा [[वैदिक धर्म|ऐतिहासिक वैदिक धर्म]]के हिन्द-आर्य प्रथाके साथ समकालीन आउ पृथक होलै ।<ref>{{cite book | title=Jainism: An Introduction | publisher=I.B. Tauris | author=Long, Jeffrey D. | year=2009 | location=New York | pages=45–56 | isbn=978-1-84511-626-2}}</ref> जैन ग्रन्थ ([[आगम (जैन)|आगम]]) के अनुसार वर्तमानमे प्रचलित जैनधर्म [[ऋषभदेव|आदिनाथ]]के समयसे प्रचलनमे ऐलै । एहैँसे जे [[तीर्थङ्कर]] परम्परा प्रारम्भ होलै ऊ [[महावीर]] वा वर्धमान तक चलित रहलै जे ईसासे ५२७ वर्ष पूर्व [[निर्वाण]] प्राप्त कैलन हल । महावीरके समयसे पीछे कुछ लोग विशेषकरके यूरोपीय विद्वान् जैनधर्मके प्रचलित होएल मान हथिन । जैनधर्म [[बौद्धधर्म]]से पुराना है । एकर बौद्धधर्मसे कोनो नाता न है । == एकरो देखथिन == * [[भारतमे जैनधर्म]] * [[जैनधर्म]] * [[गणधर]] * [[तीर्थङ्कर|जैनधर्मके तीर्थङ्कर]] * [[जैन त्योहार]] * [[विहरमान तीर्थङ्कर]] * [[शलाकापुरुष]] ==सन्दर्भ== {{टिप्पणीसूची}} [[Category:जैनधर्मके इतिहास]] [[Category:जैनधर्म]] pb15byc885mnurxko4eh8bw4990mzwo