Wikipedia map_bmswiki https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaca_Utama MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.6 first-letter Médhia Mirunggan Parembugan Naraguna Parembugan Naraguna Wikipedia Parembugan Wikipedia Barkas Parembugan Barkas MédhiaWiki Parembugan MédhiaWiki Cithakan Parembugan Cithakan Pitulung Parembugan Pitulung Kategori Parembugan Kategori TimedText TimedText talk Modhul Parembugan Modhul Acara Pembicaraan Acara 0 7760 222357 220510 2026-06-12T00:06:00Z InternetArchiveBot 13908 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 222357 wikitext text/x-wiki {{terjemahna}} [[Gambar:1e6m comparison Mars Mercury Moon Pluto Haumea - no transparency.png|jmpl|ka|250px|Ilmu alam: [[Planet Mars]] (kiri), Planet Merkuri (kanan), [[Bulan]] (bawah kiri), [[Pluto]] (bawah tengah), dan Haumea (bawah kanan), perbandingan skala menggunakan diameter Sirius B]] '''Ilmu''' (atawa '''ilmu pengetahuan''') kuwe kabeh usaha sadar kanggo nyelidiki, nemukna lan ningkatna pemahaman [[menungsa]] sekang werna-werna segi kenyataan nang alam menungsa <ref> Prof. Dr. C.A. van Peursen: Filsafat Sebagai Seni Untuk Bertanya. Dikutip dari buku B. Arief Sidharta. Apakah Filsafat dan Filsafat Ilmu Itu?, Pustaka Sutra, Bandung 2008. Hal 7-11. </ref>. Segi-segi kiye dibatesi ben dihasilna rumusan-rumusan sing pasti. Ilmu ngaweh kepastian dengan membatasi lingkup pandangane, lan kepastian ilmu-ilmu diperoleh sekang keterbatasane<ref> Prof. Dr. C.A. van Peursen: Filsafat Sebagai Seni Untuk Bertanya. Dikutip dari buku B. Arief Sidharta. Apakah Filsafat dan Filsafat Ilmu Itu?, Pustaka Sutra, Bandung 2008. Hal 7-11</ref>. Ilmu bukan sekedar [[pengetahuan]] (''knowledge''), tetapi merangkum sekumpulan pengetahuan berdasarkan [[teori]]-teori sing disepakati dan dapat secara sistematik diuji dengan seperangkat [[metode]] sing diakui dalam bidang ilmu tertentu. Dipandang dari sudut filsafat, ilmu terbentuk karena manusia berusaha berfikir lebih jauh mengenai pengetahuan sing dimilikinya. Ilmu pengetahuan adalah produk dari [[epistemologi]]. Contoh: [[Ilmu Alam]] hanya bisa menjadi pasti setelah lapangannya dibatasi ke dalam hal sing bahani (materiil saja) atau [[ilmu psikologi]] hanya bisa meramalkan perilaku manusia jika membatasi lingkup pandangannya ke dalam segi umum dari perilaku manusia sing kongkrit. Berkenaan dengan contoh ini, ilmu-ilmu alam menjawab pertanyaan tentang berapa jauhnya matahari dari bumi, atau ilmu psikologi menjawab apakah seorang pemudi sesuai untuk menjadi perawat. == Etimologi == Kata ilmu dalam bahasa Arab "''ilm''"<ref> Wahid, Ramli Abdul. Ulumul Qu'ran, Grafindo, Jakarta, 1996, hal. 7.</ref> sing berarti memahami, mengerti, atau mengetahui. Dalam kaitan penyerapan katanya, ilmu pengetahuan dapat berarti memahami suatu pengetahuan, dan ilmu sosial dapat berarti mengetahui masalah-masalah sosial, dan lain sebagainya. == Syarat-syarat ilmu == Berbeda dengan [[pengetahuan]], ilmu merupakan pengetahuan khusus dimana seseorang mengetahui apa penyebab sesuatu dan mengapa. Ada persyaratan [[ilmiah]] sesuatu dapat disebut sebagai ilmu<ref> Vardiansyah, Dani. Filsafat Ilmu Komunikasi: Suatu Pengantar, Indeks, Jakarta 2008. Halaman 8.</ref>. Sifat ilmiah sebagai persyaratan ilmu banyak terpengaruh paradigma ilmu-ilmu alam sing telah ada lebih dahulu. # [[Objektivitas (ilmu)|Objektif]]. Ilmu harus memiliki objek kajian sing terdiri dari satu golongan masalah sing sama sifat hakikatnya, tampak dari luar maupun bentuknya dari dalam. Objeknya dapat bersifat ada, atau mungkin ada karena masih harus diuji keberadaannya. Dalam mengkaji objek, sing dicari adalah kebenaran, yakni persesuaian antara tahu dengan objek, dan karenanya disebut kebenaran objektif; bukan subjektif berdasarkan subjek peneliti atau subjek penunjang penelitian. # [[Metodis]] adalah upaya-upaya sing dilakukan untuk meminimalisasi kemungkinan terjadinya penyimpangan dalam mencari kebenaran. Konsekuensi dari upaya ini adalah harus terdapat cara tertentu untuk menjamin kepastian kebenaran. Metodis berasal dari kata Yunani “Metodos” sing berarti: cara, jalan. Secara umum metodis berarti metode tertentu sing digunakan dan umumnya merujuk pada metode ilmiah. # [[Sistematis]]. Dalam perjalanannya mencoba mengetahui dan menjelaskan suatu objek, ilmu harus terurai dan terumuskan dalam hubungan sing teratur dan logis sehingga membentuk suatu sistem sing berarti secara utuh, menyeluruh, terpadu , mampu menjelaskan rangkaian sebab akibat mensingkut objeknya. Pengetahuan sing tersusun secara sistematis dalam rangkaian sebab akibat merupakan syarat ilmu sing ketiga. # [[Universal]]. Kebenaran sing hendak dicapai adalah kebenaran universal sing bersifat umum (tidak bersifat tertentu). Contoh: semua segitiga bersudut 180º. Karenanya universal merupakan syarat ilmu sing keempat. Belakangan ilmu-ilmu sosial menyadari kadar ke-umum-an (universal) sing dikandungnya berbeda dengan ilmu-ilmu alam mengingat objeknya adalah tindakan manusia. Karena itu untuk mencapai tingkat universalitas dalam ilmu-ilmu sosial, harus tersedia konteks dan tertentu pula. == Pemodelan, teori, dan hukum == ''Artikel utama:'' [[metode ilmiah]] Istilah "[[model]]", "[[hipotesis]]", "[[teori]]", dan "[[hukum (ilmiah)|hukum]]" mengandung arti sing berbeda dalam keilmuan dari pemahaman umum. Para ilmuwan menggunakan istilah ''model'' untuk menjelaskan sesuatu, secara khusus sing bisa digunakan untuk membuat dugaan sing bisa diuji oleh percobaan/eksperimen atau [[observasi|pengamatan]]. Suatu ''hipotesis'' adalah dugaan-dugaan sing belum didukung atau dibuktikan oleh percobaan, dan ''Hukum fisika'' atau ''hukum alam'' adalah generalisasi ilmiah berdasarkan pengamatan empiris. <!-- Kata ''teori'' is misunderstood particularly often by laymen. The common usage of the word "theory" refers to ideas that have no firm proof or support; in contrast, scientists usually use this word to refer to bodies of ideas that make specific predictions. To say "the apple fell" is to state a fact, whereas [[gravity|Newton's theory of universal gravitation]] is a body of ideas that allows a scientist to explain why the apple fell and make predictions about other falling objects. An especially fruitful theory that has withstood the test of time and has an overwhelming quantity of evidence supporting it is considered to be "proven" in the scientific sense. Some universally accepted models such as [[heliocentric theory]] and [[atomic theory]] are so well-established that it is impossible to imagine them ever being falsified. Others, such as [[relativity]], [[electromagnetism]] and [[evolution|biological evolution]] have survived rigorous empirical testing without being contradicted, but it is nevertheless conceivable that they will some day be supplanted. Younger theories such as [[string theory]] may provide promising ideas, but have yet to receive the same level of scrutiny. Scientists never claim absolute knowledge. Unlike a [[mathematical proof]], a "proven" scientific theory is ''always'' open to [[falsifiability|falsification]] if new evidence is presented. Even the most basic and fundamental theories may turn out to be imperfect if new observations are inconsistent with them. [[Isaac Newton|Newton]]'s [[Newtonian mechanics|law of gravitation]] is a famous example of a law which was found not to hold in experiments involving motion at speeds close to the speed of light or in close proximity to strong gravitational fields. Outside those conditions, Newton's Laws remain an excellent model of motion and gravity. Because [[general relativity]] accounts for all of the phenomena that Newton's Laws do, and more, general relativity is now regarded as a better theory. ==Filsafat ilmu== ''Artikel utama: [[Filsafat ilmu]]'' Keefektifan ilmu telah menjadikannya subjek bagi banyak spekulasi [[filsafat]]. Filsafat ilmu dimaksudkan untuk memahami watak dan bembenaran pengetahuan ilmiah, serta implikasi etiknya. It has proved remarkably difficult to provide an [[Scientific_method#Philosophical_issues |account of the scientific method]] that can serve to distinguish science from non-science. --> == Matematika dan metode ilmiah == [[Matematika]] sangat penting bagi keilmuan, terutama dalam peran sing dimainkannya dalam mengekspresikan ''model'' ilmiah. Mengamati dan mengumpulkan hasil-hasil pengukuran, sebagaimana membuat hipotesis dan dugaan, pasti membutuhkan model dan eksploitasi matematis. Cabang matematika sing sering dipakai dalam keilmuan di antaranya [[kalkulus]] dan [[statistika]], meskipun sebenarnya semua cabang matematika mempunyai penerapannya, bahkan bidang "murni" seperti [[teori bilangan]] dan [[topologi]]. Beberapa orang pemikir memandang matematikawan sebagai ilmuwan, dengan anggapan bahwa pembuktian-pembuktian matematis setara dengan percobaan. Sebagian sing lainnya tidak menganggap matematika sebagai ilmu, sebab tidak memerlukan uji-uji eksperimental pada teori dan hipotesisnya. Namun, dibalik kedua anggapan itu, kenyataan pentingnya matematika sebagai alat sing sangat berguna untuk menggambarkan/menjelaskan alam semesta telah menjadi isu utama bagi [[filsafat matematika]]. Lihat [[Eugene Wigner]], ''[[The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences|The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics]]''. [[Richard Feynman]] berkata, "Matematika itu tidak nyata, tapi ''terasa'' nyata. Di manakah tempatnya berada?", sedangkan [[Bertrand Russell]] sangat senang mendefinisikan matematika sebagai "subjek sing kita tidak pernah tahu apa sing sedang kita bicarakan, dan kita tidak tahu pula kebenarannya." --> <!-- == Tujuan ilmu == Despite popular impressions of science, it is not the goal of science to answer all questions, only those that pertain to physical reality (measurable empirical experience). Also, science cannot possibly address all possible questions, so the choice of which questions to answer becomes important. Science does not and can not produce absolute and unquestionable truth. Rather, science consistently tests the best hypothesis about some aspect of the physical world, and when necessary revises or replaces it in light of new observations or data. Science does not make any statements about how nature actually "is"; science can only make conclusions about our ''observations'' of nature. The developments of quantum mechanics in the early 20th century showed that observations are not independent of interactions, and the implications of wave-particle duality have challenged the traditional notion of "objectivity" in science. Science is not a source of subjective value judgements, though it can certainly speak to matters of ethics and public policy by pointing to the likely consequences of actions. However, science can't tell us which of those consequences to desire or which is 'best'. What one projects from the currently most reasonable scientific hypothesis onto other realms of interest is not a scientific issue, and the scientific method offers no assistance for those who wish to do so. Scientific justification (or refutation) for many things is, nevertheless, often claimed. == Lokasi ilmu == Ilmu dipraktikkan di [[universitas]] dan lembaga ilmiah lain, begitu juga di lapangan; as such it is a solid vocation in [[academia]], but has also been practiced by [[amateur]]s, who typically engage in the [[observation]]al part of science. Some workers in corporate [[laboratory|research laboratories]] also practice the methods of science and eventually become renowned enough in their fields to also work in academia. Conversely, some academics become well-known enough to consult to industry by applying their findings in some [[technology]]. --> == Bidang-bidang keilmuan == === Ilmu alam === * [[Fisika]] ** [[Akustik]] ** [[Astrodinamika]] ** [[Astrofisika]] ** [[Astronomi]] ** [[Biofisika]] ** [[Fisika Atom, Molekul, dan Optik]] ** [[Fisika bahan padat]] ** [[Fisika komputasi]] ** [[Dinamika]] ** [[Dinamika fluida]] ** [[Dinamika kendaraan]] ** [[Fisika bahan]] ** [[Fisika matematis]] ** [[Fisika nuklir]] ** [[Fisika partikel]] (atau [[fisika energi tinggi]]) ** [[Fisika plasma]] ** [[Fisika polimer]] ** [[Kriogenik]] ** [[Mekanika]] ** [[Optik]] * [[Biologi]] ** [[Anatomi]] ** [[Antropologi fisik]] ** [[Astrobiologi]] ** [[Biokimia]] ** [[Biofisika]] ** [[Bioinformatika]] ** [[Biologi air tawar]] ** [[Biologi sel]] ** [[Biologi struktur]] ** [[Biologi molekul]] ** [[Biologi pertumbuhan]] ** [[Biologi pertumbuhan evolusioner]] ("Evo-devo" atau Evolusi pertumbuhan) ** [[Biologi laut]] ** [[Botani]] ** [[Ekologi]] ** [[Entomologi]] ** [[Epidemiologi]] ** [[Evolusi]] (Biologi evolusioner) ** [[Fikologi]] (Algologi) ** [[Filogeni]] ** [[Fisiologi]] ** [[Genetika]] ([[Genetika populasi]], [[Genomika]], [[Proteomika]]) ** [[Histologi]] ** [[Ilmu kesehatan]] *** [[Farmakologi]] *** [[Hematologi]] *** [[Imunoserologi]] *** [[Kedokteran]] *** [[Kedokteran gigi]] *** [[Kedokteran hewan]] *** [[Onkologi]] (ilmu kanker) *** [[Toksikologi]] ** [[Ilmu saraf]] ** [[Imunologi]] ** [[Kladistika]] ** [[Mikrobiologi]] ** [[Morfologi]] ** [[Ontogeni]] ** [[Patologi]] ** [[Sitologi]] ** [[Taksonomi]] ** [[Virologi]] ** [[Zoologi]] * [[Kimia]] ** [[Biokimia]] ** [[Elektrokimia]] ** [[Ilmu bahan]] ** [[Kimia analitik]] ** [[Kimia anorganik]] ** [[Kimia fisik]] ** [[Kimia komputasi]] ** [[Kimia kuantum]] ** [[Kimia organik]] ** [[Spektroskopi]] ** [[Stereokimia]] ** [[Termokimia]] ** [[Metode Penelitian Komunikasi]] * [[Ilmu bumi]] ** [[Geodesi]] ** [[Geografi]] ** [[Geologi]] ** [[Limnologi]] ** [[Meteorologi]] ** [[Oseanografi]] ** [[Paleontologi]] ** [[Seismologi]] === Ilmu sosial === * [[Antropologi]] ** [[Arkeologi]] * [[Ekonomi]] * [[Ilmu politik]] * [[Linguistik]] (Ilmu bahasa) * [[Psikologi]] ** [[Analisis perilaku]] ** [[Biopsikologi]] ** [[Neuropsikologi]] ** [[Psikofisika]] ** [[Psikometri]] ** [[Psikologi eksperimen]] ** [[Psikologi forensik]] ** [[Psikologi humanis]] ** [[Psikologi industri dan organisasi]] ** [[Psikologi kepribadian]] ** [[Psikologi kesehatan]] ** [[Psikologi klinis]] ** [[Psikologi kognitif]] ** [[Psikologi pendidikan]] ** [[Psikologi pertumbuhan]] ** [[Psikologi sensasi dan persepsi]] ** [[Psikologi sosial]] * [[Sosiologi]] * [[Hukum]] === Ilmu terapan === * [[Ilmu Komputer]] dan [[Informatika]] ** [[Ilmu komputer]] ** [[Ilmu kognitif]] ** [[Informatika]] ** ''[[Cybernetics]]'' ** ''[[Systemics]]'' * [[Rekayasa]] ** [[Ilmu biomedik]] ** [[Ilmu pertanian]] ** [[Rekayasa listrik]] ** [[Rekayasa pertanian]] <!-- == Etimologi == The word '''science''' comes from the [[Latin]] word, ''scientia'', which means [[knowledge]]. Until [[the Enlightenment]], the word "science" (or its Latin cognate) meant any systematic or exact, recorded knowledge. "Science" therefore had the same sort of very broad meaning that "[[philosophy]]" had at that time. There was a distinction between, for example, "natural science" and "moral science," which later included what we now call philosophy, and this mirrored a distinction between "natural philosophy" and "moral philosophy." More recently, "science" has come to be restricted to what used to be called "[[natural science]]" or "natural philosophy." Natural science can be further broken down into [[physical science]] and [[biological science]]. [[Social science]] is often included in the field of science as well. Fields of study are often distinguished in terms of "hard sciences" and "soft sciences," and these terms (at times considered derogatory) are often synonymous with the terms natural and social science (respectively). [[Physics]], [[chemistry]], [[biology]] and [[geology]] are all forms of "hard sciences". Studies of [[anthropology]], [[history]], [[psychology]], and [[sociology]] are sometimes called "soft sciences." Proponents of this division use the arguments that the "soft sciences" do not use the [[scientific method]], admit [[anecdotal evidence]], or are not mathematical, all adding up to a "lack of [[rigor]]" in their methods. Opponents of the division in the sciences counter that the "social sciences" often make systematic statistical studies in strictly controlled environments, or that these conditions are not adhered to by the natural sciences either (for example, [[behavioral biology]] relies upon [[fieldwork]] in uncontrolled environments, [[astronomy]] cannot design experiments, only observe limited conditions). Opponents of the division also point out that each of the current "hard sciences" suffered a similar "lack of rigor" in its own infancy. The term "science" is sometimes pressed into service for new and [[interdisciplinarity|interdisciplinary]] fields that make use of scientific methods at least in part, and which in any case aspire to be systematic and careful explorations of their subjects, including [[computer science]], [[library and information science]], and [[environmental science]]. [[Mathematics]] and [[computer science]] reside under "Q" in the [[Library of Congress classification]], along with all else we now call science. --> == Tema terkait == * Organisasi dan praktik ilmu: [[International Council of Science]] (ICSU). * For an understanding of how these fields came to be: [[History of Science and Technology]]. * Lihat pula [[ilmuwan]] untuk katalog orang-orang sing berkecimpung dalam bidangnya. == Lihat pula == * [[Teori dasar ilmu]] * [[Sejarah ilmu]] * ''[[Junk science]]'' * [[National Science Foundation]] ([[Amerika Serikat]]) * [[Patafisika]] * [[Ilmu patologik]] * ''[[Protoscience]]'' * ''[[Pseudoscience]]'' * [[Sains Besar]] * [[Science education]] * [[Scientific enterprise]] * [[Scientific misconduct]] * [[Scientific materialism]] * [[Scientific method]] * [[Scientific revolution]] * [[The relationship between religion and science]] * [[List of publications in science]] * [[List of scientific howlers in literature]] == Referensi == {{reflist|2}} == Pranala luar == {{Wikiquotepar|Science}} {{Commonscat|Science}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080619205103/http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/cgi-local/DHI/dhi.cgi?id=dv1-57 ''Dictionary of the History of Ideas'':] Classification of the Sciences * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081006124035/http://science.shumans.com/ Daily Science News] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050309042350/http://www.internet-encyclopedia.info/wiki.phtml?title=Science Internet-Encyclopedia March 14, 2003], alphabetized and ordered list of sciences adapted from the Internet-Encyclopedia article, "Science" * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230612100857/https://www.forumsains.com/ Forum Sains] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100610232101/http://www.gly.uga.edu/railsback/1122sciencedefns.html Berbagai batasan "ilmu pengetahuan"] === Sumberdaya === * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050307181130/http://www.csu.edu.au/learning/eis/hbauer-intro.html Ethics in Science] * [http://www.newscientist.com Current Events in Science Magazine] * [http://www.science.gov United States Science Initiative] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050309133652/http://www.iceion.com/philo/philo.php?page=science Simple Introduction to Science] <!--Category Links--> <!--Interwiki links--> [[Kategori:Ilmu| ]] [[Kategori:Mata pelajaran]] 2fzgo0jt62zn7kzdksl469gsutpbnvg 0 12231 222359 175153 2026-06-12T07:18:53Z NVNkz 20064 222359 wikitext text/x-wiki {{navdekade|1680}} == Prastawa == == Kelairan == * [[1685]], [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] lair nang Eisenach, [[Jerman]], [[21 Maret]] [[1685]] == Kasédan == tjsnwvggry3ld4xdz8y0lebzhnsumyr 0 29755 222358 221589 2026-06-12T00:07:16Z InternetArchiveBot 13908 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 222358 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Officeholder |name = Joko Widodo |image = Joko Widodo 2019 official portrait.jpg |imagesize = |caption = |office = Presiden Indonesia |order = 7 |term_start = 20 Oktober 2014 |term_end = 20 Oktober 2024 |succeeding = |predecessor = [[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]] |successor = [[Prabowo Subianto]] |lieutenant = Jusuf Kalla |office1 = Gubernur Jakarta |order1 = 17 |term_start1 = 15 Oktober 2012 |term_end1 = 16 Oktober 2014 |succeeding1 = |predecessor1 = Fauzi Bowo |successor1 = Basuki Tjahaja Purnama |lieutenant1 = Basuki Tjahaja Purnama |president1 = [[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]] |office2 = Wali Kota Surakarta |order2 = |term_start2 = 28 Juli 2005 |term_end2 = 1 Oktober 2012 |lieutenant2 = F.X. Hadi Rudyatmo |monarch2 = Pakubuwana XIII |president2 = [[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]] |predecessor2 = Slamet Suryanto |successor2 = F.X. Hadi Rudyatmo |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1961|6|22|mf=y}} |birth_place = {{negara|Indonesia}} [[Surakarta]], [[Jawa Tengah]], [[Indonesia]] |death_date = |death_place = |nationality = [[Indonesia]] |party = [[Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan]] |spouse = Ny. Hj. Iriana Joko Widodo |relations = |children = Gibran Rakabuming Raka<ref>http://www.solopos.com/2012/09/20/ayah-jadi-gubernur-gibran-cuek-331137</ref>{{br}}Kahiyang Ayu{{br}}Kaesang Pangarep |alma_mater = [[Universitas Gadjah Mada]] |occupation = [[Pengusaha]] |profession = |religion = [[Islam]] |signature = |website = |facebook = jokowi |namafacebook = jokowi |twitter = jokowi_do2 |footnotes = }} '''Joko Widodo''' (lair neng [[Surakarta]], [[21 Juni]] [[1961]]) utawa sering diundang '''Jokowi''', yakuwé [[walikutha]] [[Kutha Surakarta]], [[Jawa Tengah]] wiwit taun [[2005]] nganti [[2012]]. Dhèwèké nggantèni [[Slamet Suryanto]], lan dicalonaken [[Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan]].<ref>''[http://www.suaramerdeka.com/harian/0505/13/slo06.htm Diingatkan, Joko Widodo Urung Tampil - KPUD Diminta Fair]'', Suara Pembaruan. Diaksés Juni 2007.</ref> Jokowi lulusan sarjana kahutanan [[Universitas Gadjah Mada]] (1985)<ref name="biografi"/> lan uga pangusaha mebel.<ref name="biografi">Gusti Grehenson, Abrar. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20101201081436/http://ugm.ac.id/index.php?page=headline&artikel=141 Insan Berprestasi]'', Kabar UGM Online, Edisi 84/V/21 Juli 2009. Diaksés Juni 2007.</ref> Dhèwèké uga kapilih minangka salah sawijiking "10 Tokoh 2008" saka Majalah Tempo.<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20090110012532/http://majalah.tempointeraktif.com/id/arsip/2008/12/22/LU/ Sedikit Orang Baik di Republik yang Luas]'' lan ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20090215005354/http://majalah.tempointeraktif.com/id/arsip/2008/12/22/LU/mbm.20081222.LU129061.id.html Joko Widodo, Wali Kaki Lima]''. Tempointeraktif, edisi Luarbiasa Akhir Tahun 2008. Diaksés 8 Januari 2009</ref> == Karir == * Pangadeg Koperasi Pengembangan Industri Kecil Solo (1990) * Ketua Bidang Pertambangan dan Energi Kamar Dagang dan Industri Surakarta (1992–1996) * Ketua Asosiasi Permebelan dan Industri Kerajinan Indonesia Surakarta (2002–2007) * Walikutha Surakarta (2005–2015).<ref>https://www.sindonews.com/topic/1045/presiden-jokowi</ref> == Delengen uga == * [[Kota Surakarta|Kutha Surakarta]] == Cathetan sikil == {{reflist}} == Pranala jaba == * {{id}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20120210000527/http://www.surakarta.go.id/news/mayor.and.vice.major.surakarta.html Profil Walikutha lan Wakil Walikutha ing situs resmi Pemréntah Kutha Surakarta] * {{id}} [http://www.suaramerdeka.com/harian/0507/26/slo01.htm Biaya Pelantikan Wali Kutha Rp 100 Yuta: Ora Dadi Dilaksanakaké Wayah Soré] * {{id}} [http://jtraharjo.wordpress.com/2011/05/19/32/ Jokowi, Pamimpin kang Jiwané Mardika] * {{en}} ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20140225114550/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/11/01/joko-widodo-solo%E2%80%99s-mayor-keeps-his-promises.html The Jakarta Post: Solo’s Mayor keeps his promises]'' * {{en}} ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20140730215107/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/10/26/interview-yogyakarta-and-surakarta-mayors-prove-good-governance-sells.html Interview: Yogyakarta and Surakarta mayors prove good governance sells]'' {{biografi-stub}} [[Kategori:Tokoh Surakarta]] [[Kategori:Lair 1961]] [[Kategori:Alumni Universitas Gadjah Mada]] ql6hgefdwi78g9vv7hpt9p3rvbqiept 0 36430 222354 2026-06-11T12:06:55Z NVNkz 20064 Digawé kanthi mertal kaca "[[:jv:Special:Redirect/revision/1406865|2010-an]]" 222354 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dasawarsa]] '''2010-an''' iku kaurut saka taun [[2010]] nganti [[2019]]. == Prastawa == == Lair == == Séda == ioprswzgl90p7wcce6wv39dx52hl1uv 0 36431 222355 2026-06-11T12:21:49Z NVNkz 20064 Nggawé kaca mawa "[[Dasawarsa]] '''2000-an''' iku kaurut saka taun [[2010]] nganti [[2019]]. == Prastawa == == Lair == == Séda ==" 222355 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dasawarsa]] '''2000-an''' iku kaurut saka taun [[2010]] nganti [[2019]]. == Prastawa == == Lair == == Séda == ivy4usk0utkbqtwahwfymfwk1ovisi6 0 36432 222356 2026-06-11T12:28:11Z NVNkz 20064 Nggawé kaca mawa "[[Dasawarsa]] '''1990-an''' iku kaurut saka taun [[2010]] nganti [[2019]]. == Prastawa == == Lair == == Séda ==" 222356 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dasawarsa]] '''1990-an''' iku kaurut saka taun [[2010]] nganti [[2019]]. == Prastawa == == Lair == == Séda == drov8weuaekkp7m8lwah30vwzadot0i 0 36433 222360 2026-06-12T07:37:50Z NVNkz 20064 Digawé kanthi mertal kaca "[[:jv:Special:Redirect/revision/1637720|94]]" 222360 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taun|taun-5=99|taun-4=98|taun-3=97|taun-2=96|taun-1=95|dasawarsa-1=100|dasawarsa=90|abad-1=2|abad=1}} == Prastawa == * == Lair == * == Séda == cmevtn1u8rx9txfbiz5xlmeky4d627g 0 36434 222361 2026-06-12T08:01:21Z NVNkz 20064 Digawé kanthi mertal kaca "[[:jv:Special:Redirect/revision/1637721|93]]" 222361 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Taun|taun-5=98|taun-4=97|taun-3=96|taun-2=95|taun-1=94|dasawarsa-1=100|dasawarsa=90|abad-1=2|abad=1}} == Prastawa == == Lair == * == Séda == * [[Kategori:93]] 91xt7wk17kk7t4zzksd58s0y8dh8ct4