Wikipedia mgwiki https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Fandraisana MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.6 first-letter Rakitra Manokana Dinika Mpikambana Dinika amin'ny mpikambana Wikipedia Dinika amin'ny Wikipedia Sary Dinika amin'ny sary MediaWiki Dinika amin'ny MediaWiki Endrika Dinika amin'ny endrika Fanoroana Dinika amin'ny fanoroana Sokajy Dinika amin'ny sokajy TimedText TimedText talk Module Discussion module Event Event talk 0 3329 1142594 1112972 2026-06-11T08:29:40Z Mammysou17 34685 /* Fiaraha-monina */ 1142594 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:LightningVolt Deep Blue Sea.jpg|thumb|Rano]] Ny '''rano''' <ref>https://mg.globalvoices.org/2022/12/26/161610/</ref>dia akora iankinan'ny aina eto an-tany. Amin'ny [[mari-pana]] sy ny tsindry mahazatra dia miendrika zaka mitsiranoka izy. Fa hita amin'ny endrika mientona sy mivaingana koa izy eo amin'ny tontolo voajanahary. == Aiza no ahitana rano == * amin'ny endrika mivaingana : ** any amin'ny [[tendron-tany]] atsimo sy avaratra ** any amin'ny faritra temperé rehefa ririnina izay miraraka amin'ny endrika orampanala ** eny ambony tendrombohitra avo toy ny [[Hymalaya]] sy [[Kilimanjaro|Kilimandjaro]] ** ao anaty [[vata fampangatsiahana]], any amin'ny fivarotan-trondro ** amin'ny glasy sy klarinety ary yaourt amin'ny sase * amin'ny endrika mitsiranoka : ** any anaty [[ranomasina]] ** any anaty [[ranomamy]] toy ny ony, farihy, tatatra, loharano, tanimbary sns ** any anatin'ny zava-manan'aina toy ny biby sy zavamaniry ary mikiraoba ** eny amin'ny [[habakabaka]] izay milatsaka ho orana ** any anaty tavoahangy * amin'ny endrika mientona: ** anatin'ny [[Atmosferan'ny Tany|atmosfera]] ** anatin'ny fofonaina ** eo am-bava-vilany == Fizika == [[Sary:Diag eau.svg|thumb]] Amin'ny tsindrin'ny atimosifera dia : * mari-pana fiempoana : 0&nbsp;°C * mari-pana fientonana : 100&nbsp;°C * mari-pana maha ambony indrindra ny hakitroka : 4&nbsp;°C * lanja isam-bentin-kadiry : 1000 kg/m3 * hafana spesifika : 4,18 J/gK * mangarahara tsy miloko == Simia == [[Sary:water molecule.svg|thumb|H₂O₁ no raikipohy simikan'ny rano]] H₂O₁ no raikipohy simikan'ny rano. Izany hoe misy atome [[Ôksizenina|Oksizena]] anankiray mitambatra amin'ny atome [[Hidrozenina|Hidrozena]] anankiroa. 18g ny lanjany isa-môly. Noho ny oksizena izay elektronegativa dia sintoniny manatona azy ny tambatra elektrona anankiroa izay eo amin'ny firaisany amin'ireo Hidrozena avy. Vokatr'izay dia lasa misy ampahana charge mitranga eo amin'ireo atoma tsirairay, miabo eo amin'ny H ary miiba eo amin'ny O. Noho ireo charges ireo dia lazaina fa '''polaire''' ny molekioln'ny rano. Mibaiko ny toetrany amin'ny ankapobeny io maha polaire azy io. Ohatra hoe : * lasa misy firaisana malefaka amin'ny tendro miiba sy miabo amin'ny molekiolana rano mifanakaiky : firaisana Hidrozena no iantsoana azy; hany ka lasa manao tambajotram-piraisana malefaka ny molekiola maro rehefa tafaraka. Dia izany no mahatonga ny rano ho lasa mitsiranoka amin'ny mari-pana sy tsindry mahazatra raha toa ka mientona daholo ny akora mitovitovy lanja isa-môly aminy. * afaka mifandray amin'ny molekiola polaire hafa ny rano amin'ny alalan'io firaisana malefaka io ihany. Toy izany no ahafahany mandevona an'ireo karazana asidra, alkalia ary sira isan-karazany; mbola toy izany koa no ahafahany mandevona siramamy; ary mbola toy izany koa no ahafahany mandena karazan'akora isan-karazany toy ny lamba, ny taratasy, ny hazo, sns. Antsoina koa hoe '''hidrofilika''' ireo akora polaires ireo. * noho ireo firaisana malefaka amin'izy samy izy amin'ireo molekiola polaires dia tsy afaka tafangaro aminy ireo molekiola izay tsy mba misy faritra polaire. Voailika ireo noho izany ka tsy mahita toerana ho azy eo anivon'ny rehetra. Noho izany dia tafaraka tsy fidiny ny samy tsy polaire, dia manao firaisana malefaka kokoa, karazana firaisan'i Van Der Waals. Izany no mahatonga ny rano sy ny menaka tsy ho afaka mifangaro, izany koa no mahatonga ny rano tsy hahalena plastika, na lamosina ganagana. Antsoina koa hoe '''hidrofobika''' ireo akora tsy polaires ireo. == Fiarahamonina == Manan-danja be amin'ny aina ny rano hany ka manan-danja amin'ny fiaraha-monina koa. Entin'ny Malagasy hilazana ny fihavanana izay indraindrainy ny fampiarahana ny rano sy ny vary. Mbola itarafana ny fihavanana malagasy koa ny fomba fizaran-drano eny an-tanimbary, ka na miady aza ny tompon'ny tanimbary mifanao ambony sy ambany dia mahay mifanaraka foana amin'ny fizaran-drano. Any amin'ny tany efitra dia mamaritra ny politika ankapobeny mihitsy ny rano. Iadiana ny toerana avo ka andalovan'ny rano mialoha ny toerana hafa. Izay manana fahefana amin'ny rano no manana fahefana amin'ny rehetra. Misy mihitsy aza ireo kolontsaina sasany izay ahitana olona manao ny rano ho andriamanitra satria loharanon'ny aina. == Fahasalamana == Ny rano dia sakafo mahavelona. Ny 3/4 ny vatan'ny olombelona dia rano avokoa. Ary mila misotro rano isan'andro isika mba hikolokoloana an'io. Ankoatra ny maha rano azy dia mbola mety mitondra karazana sira mineraly izay ilain'ny vatana koa izy izay levona ao anatiny. Kanefa mila fitandremana betsaka ny rano sotroina satria mety mitondra mikiraoba isan-karazany ahiana hahatonga aretina. Anisan'ny aretina mety ho azo amin'ny fisotroana rano maloto ny kolera, ny bilarziozy, ny tefoedra sns. Tsara raha ampangotrahina ny rano vao sotroina, na farafaharatsiny ampiana fanafody tahaka ny Sur'Eau. == Ny tsingerin' ny rano == [[Sary:Watercycle-french.jpg|thumb|290x290px]] == Jereo koa == * [[Rano]] * [[Rivotra]] * [[Zavona]] * [[Erika]] * [[Ranomandry]] * [[Havandra]] * [[Oram-baratra]] * [[Oram-panala]] * [[Ando]] * [[Singa efatra]] [[Sokajy:Simia]] [[Sokajy:Rano]] h5oxcua66ufkbbj7prwoi8kwuiqc0yd 0 6503 1142490 1131498 2026-06-10T14:32:48Z Thelezifor 15140 nanova ny anaran'i [[Katsaka]] ho [[Zea mays]] i Thelezifor 1131498 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Zea mays - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-283.jpg|vignette|475x475px|Katsaka]] Ny '''katsaka''' dia [[zavamaniry]] ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Poaceae]]'', [[Fambolena|volena]] mba hahazoana voany (mitambatra ho [[Babin-javamaniry|babiny]]) izay atao sakafon’ ny [[olombelona]] sy an' ny [[biby fiompy]], sy mba hahazoana ny raviny sy ny tahony hohahin’ ny biby fiompy. ''Zea mays'' ny anarany ara-tsiansa. Anisan' ny zavamaniry be mpamboly maneran-tany, toy ny [[vary]] sy ny [[varimbazaha]], ny katsaka. Ny anarana siantifikan' ny katsaka famboly dia '''''Zea mays''','' fa ny katsaka izay hita tao [[Meksika]] kosa dia atao hoe '''''Zea diploperennis'''.'' Sokajiana ho anisan' ny [[voamadinika]] ny katsaka. Maniry amin' ny faritra maro eran' izao tontolo izao izy. == Toetoetrany == Zavamaniry tsy mandavan-taona fa volena isan-taona ny katsaka. Mijoro mahitsy ny tahony. Miovaova ny haavony, ka misy ny zeny izay mirefy 60 sm rehefa lehibe, nefa misy ny lava dia lava izay mety mihoatra 600 sm. Mirefy 250 sm ny salan-kalavan’ ny katsaka. === Ravina === Lava ny ravin' ny katsaka. === Vony === [[Sary:Männliche Blüte einer Maispflanze 2009-08-19.JPG|ankavia|vignette|Vony lahy]] [[Sary:Cornsilk 7091.jpg|vignette|257x257px|Vony vavy]] Tsy hita amin' ny foto-katsaka iray ny lahimbony sy ny vavimbonin' ny katsaka fa entin' ny foto-katsaka samy hafa. Eny amin' ny tendron' ny tahoben' ny katsaka no ipoiran' ny tamba-boniny izay fitambarana vony maro mitondra ny tsirinaina lahy. Ny tamba-bony vavy kosa (ilay ho lasa babin-katsaka), dia tokana sady mety ahitana hatramin' ny voany arivo any ho any. === Voa === [[Sary:Reifer Maiskolben.JPG|vignette|247x247px|Katsaka]] [[Sary:Zea mays Ladyfinger 0zz.jpg|ankavia|vignette|253x253px|Katsaka]] Voafono anaty ravina ny babin-katsaka. Misy tsiraka toy ny volo (volon-katsaka) mivoaka avy amin' ny tsirinaina vavy ka mipoitra amin' ny tendron' ny babin-katsaka. Entin' ny rivotra hatreny amin' ny volon-katsaka amin' ny vavimbony ny vovo-bonin' ny katsaka miparitaka avy amin' ny lahimbony, ka eo izy no mitsimoka sady midina ao anaty volon-katsaka hatrany amin' ny tsirinaina vavy. Mivoatra ny tsirinaina vavy mitsimoka rehetra ka lasa voan-katsaka. == Fiaviany == [[Sary:Zea mays fraise MHNT.BOT.2011.18.21.jpg|thumb|''Zea mays "fraise"'']]Heverin' ny mpikaroka ho avy any [[Amerika Afovoany]] sy [[Amerika Atsimo|Atsimo]] ny katsaka, izay foto-tsakafon' ny mponina tao amin' ireo faritra ireo nandritra ny taonjato maro talohan' ny fahatongavan' ny Eorôpeana. Efa nisy tany amin' ny faritra atsimo-andrefan' i [[Etazonia]] tany amin' ny 3&nbsp;000 taona lasa any ho any, farafaha-tarany, ny katsaka famboly. Naniry tany amin' ny lohasahan' i Tehuacán, ao amin' ny faritra atsimon' i [[Meksika]], ny katsakadia, tany amin' ny taona 7&nbsp;000 any ho any, nefa namaritra ny fisehoan' ny katsaka tao amin' io faritra io ho tamin' ny 4&nbsp;600 taona any ho any ny fikarohana taty aoriana. Tsy misy fiavahany firy loatra amin' ny katsaka famboly ny katsakadia. == Zana-karazana sy ovan-karazan-katsaka == === Zana-karazana === * ''Z. m.'' subsp. ''mays'', katsaka famboly, tsy maniry hoazy, manana ovan-karazana an' arivony, anisan' izany ireto: ** ''Z. m.'' subsp. ''mays'' var. ''indurata''; ** ''Z. m.'' subsp. ''mays'' var. ''indentata''; ** ''Z. m.'' subsp. ''mays'' var. ''amylacea''; * ''Z. m.'' subsp. ''parviglumis'' * ''Z. m.'' subsp. ''mexicana''. * ''Z. m.'' subsp. ''huehuetenangensis'' === Ovan-karazana === [[Sary:Dent Corn 'Oaxacan Green' (Zea mays) MHNT 2.jpg|thumb|''Zea mays "Oaxacan Green"'']]Maro ovan-karazana ny katsaka famboly, ka samy maneho toetra mampiavaka azy ny karazana tsirairay. Ny sasany dia efa azo otazana ao anatin' ny roa volana, ny hafa hatrany amin' ny iraika ambin' ny folo volana vao azo otazana. Miova arakaraka ny karazana koa ny lokon' ny ravin-katsaka, ka miova eo anelanelan' ny maitso tanora sy ny maitso antitra izany ary mety hisy faritra miloko mena na volomparasy. Eo anelanelan' ny 7,5 sm sy 50 sm na mihoatra ny halavan' ny [[Babin-javamaniry|babi]]<nowiki/>n' ny katsaka. Eo anelanelan' ny valo sy enina amby telompolo na mihoatra ny isan' ny andalam-boany. == Fambolena katsaka == [[File:Zea mays 'Ottofile giallo Tortonese' MHNT.BOT.2015.34.1.jpg|thumb|''Zea mays 'Ottofile giallo Tortonese''']]Niteraka fandrosoana lehibe teo amin' ny fambolena katsaka ny fampiasana ny masomboly nohatsaraina (amin' ny alalan' ny fampivadiana karazan-katsaka samy hafa) tamin' ny taona 1933. Karazan-katsaka an' arivony no novokarin' ny mpikaroka momba ny zavamaniry mba hampitomboana ny vokatra amin' ny faritra maro eto amin' izao tontolo izao. Nampitombo ny vokatra 25 % hatramin' ny 50 % ny fampiasana masomboly vokatry ny fampivadina ny karazan-katsaka sasany. Mitahiry [[gliosida]] betsaka ny katsaka nefa kely sady tsy tena tsara ny [[prôteinina]] ao aminy. Raha ny katsaka no atao sakafo fototra dia tsy maintsy ampiarahina amin' ny sakafo hafa misy prôteinina mba hahatomombana ny fitombon' ny vatana. == Aretina sy bibikely mpanimba ny katsaka == Maro ny [[bibikely]] sy ny [[katsentsitra]] manimba ny katsaka. Misy karazany maro ny [[holatra]] mpanimba ny fakan' ny katsaka sy ny tahony ary ny babiny, izay miteraka ny fahalovany ka mampihena ny habe sy ny hatsaran' ny voan-katsaka. Indreto ny aretina sasany vokatry ny holatra mahazo ny katsaka, dia ny aretina ateraky ny ''Fusarium roseum'' sy ny ''Helminthosporium turcicum,'' ary ny ''Ustilago zeae'', izay miteraka fibontsinana amin' ny babin-katsaka sy ny tahony ary ny voniny. Mihamainty izany rehefa antitra. Miteraka fihenan' ny vokatra izany. Misy koa aretina vokatry ny [[virosy]] izay manabotry ny katsaka. Afaka mifindra ireo aretina ireo. Misy koa ny bibikely mihinana ny fakan' ny katsaka. == Famokarana sy fampiasana ny katsaka == Tamin' ny taona 1980 dia nitombo 40 % ny vokatra noho ny fampiasana [[zezika]] sy fanafody famonoana ahitra. Tamin' ny fiandohan' ny taona 1990 dia nahatratra 469 tapitrisa taonina ny vokatra katsaka maneran-tany. I [[Etazonia]] no firenena mpamokatra katsaka betsaka indrindra eran-tany (miantoka ny 40&nbsp;%n' ny vokatra), ka ao amin' ny faritra Middle West atao hoe Corn Belt no ivangongoan' izany. Mamokatra katsaka betsaka koa i [[Sina]], i [[Brezila|Brezily]], i [[Meksika]] ary i [[Frantsa]]. == Jereo koa == * ''[[Zea]]'' * [[Ampemby]] na ''Sorghum'' *[[Vary]] na ''Oryza'' *[[Varimbazaha]] - ''Triticum'' {{vangovango|Katsaka}} hdcrq0a2107xzvfyt30n1dwyioggkue 0 46228 1142461 1064047 2026-06-10T12:36:50Z Thelezifor 15140 Teny mitovy fanoratra 1142461 wikitext text/x-wiki {{coord|-21.250000|46.800000}} {{infobox tanàna |anarana=Mangidy |faritany= [[Faritanin'i Fianarantsoa|Fianarantsoa]] |faritra = [[Faritra Matsiatra Ambony|Matsiatra Ambony]] |isam-ponina=23033 |firenena={{Madagasikara}} |sary= Anosivola overview.JPG }} '''Mangidy''' dia kaominina malagasy ao amin'ny [[distrikan'i Ikalamavony]], [[Faritra Matsiatra Ambony]], [[Faritanin'i Fianarantsoa]]. Ny isam-poniny dia 23033 araka ny faminavinana natao tamin'ny taona 2018. Ny kaodin-kaominina dia 21903 ary ny kaodin-distrika dia 219 == Vokatry ny fambolena == Ny entana faharoa lafo vidy indrindra dia vary. Ny zava-bolena lehibe indrindra amin'ny lafin'ny velarantany dia vary. Ny entana fahatelo lafo vidy indrindra dia mangahazo. Ny isan'omby dia 13000. Ny isan'ny taona nisiam-pesitry ny vorona teo anelanelan'ny taona 1999-2001 dia 3. Ny zava-bolena faharoa lehibe indrindra amin'ny lafin'ny velarantany dia mangahazo. Ny entana lafo vidy indrindra dia haricot. 40 isan-jaton'ny tanimbary no voatondraka amin'ny tohidrano na paompy. 60 ny mponina no miasa tany. 39 ny mponina no miasa amin'ny fiompiana. 0 ny mponina no miasa amin'ny sampandraharaha. 14000 no isan'ny kisoa. == Ara-tsosialy == Ahitana fikambanan-tantsaha ao. Ahitana fikambanam-pampiasa rano ao. == Fotodrafitrasa == Tongavan'ny lalam-paritra ilay tanàna. Ahitana tobim-pahasalamana ao. Misy tsena isan'andro any. Ijanon'ny taksiborosy ilay kaominina. Ahitana sekoly ambaratonga fototra. Misy fitrandrahana harena an-kibon'ny tany amin'ny fomba indostrialy. Ahitana kolejy ao amin'ilay tanàna. Tsy ny JIRAMA no manome ny rano. == Fitaterana == Ny fitaovam-pitaterana ampiasaina matetika indrindra dia fiara maivana base. Ny faharetan'ny dia mankany amin'ny renivohi-paritany dia 3 ora. Ny fotoam-pitaterana mankany amin'ny tanàn-dehibem-paritany amin'ny andro fahavaratra dia 4 ora. Ny lalan-tany dia azo aleha mandavan-taona. Ny saran-dalan'ny olona tokana mankany amin'ny tanàn-dehibem-paritany amin'ny andro fahavaratra dia 15000 Fmg. Ny saran-dalan'ny olona tokana mankany amin'ny tanàn-dehibem-paritany amin'ny haintany dia 15000 Fmg. == Fahasoavana == 5 isan-jaton'ny mponina no tena mahantra dia mahantra. 10 isan-jaton'ny mponina no atao hoe mahantra. Ny halavan'ny vanim-potoana mety ahalanian'ny vokatry ny taon-dasa dia 4 volana. 55 isan-jaton'ny mponina no atao hoe manan-karena. 30 isan-jaton'ny mponina no manana fari-piainana antonontonony. == Endri-javatra == Misy masoivohon'ny ministeran'ny asa tany. Misy masoivohon'ny ministeran'ny asa tany. Misy masoivohon'ny ministeran'ny fanabeazana. Misy masoivohon'ny ministeran'ny fanabeazana. == Olana == Ahitana miaramila ao amin'ilay kaominina. Ny isan'ny vono olona tanatin'ny taona 1999-2001 dia 3. Tapaka in-1 ny lalana tao anatin'ny taona 1999-2001. Ao amin'ny atao hoe faritra mena ilay kaominina. Ny isan'ny vakitrano tanatin'ny taona 1999-2001 dia 2. Ahitana polisy ao amin'ilay kaominina. 5 no isan'ireo mpamono olona tratra tanatin'ny taona 1999-2001. == Jereo koa == * [[Mangidy (zavapisotro)]] * [[Mangidy (zavamaniry)]] == Rohy ivelany == * [http://www.ilo.cornell.edu/ilo/census.xls ilo.cornell.edu] - Statistika momba ny kaominina malagasy ary loharanom-pahaizana namoronana an'ity lahatsoratra ity. {{reflist}} {{commonscat|Mangidy}} [[Sokajy:Kaominina any Faritra Matsiatra Ambony]] [[Sokajy:Kaominina any Madagasikara]] ku3fzujv75y3pl4zbzvtb7qnvbo2d1d 1 55480 1142492 998711 2026-06-10T14:32:49Z Thelezifor 15140 nanova ny anaran'i [[Dinika:Katsaka]] ho [[Dinika:Zea mays]] i Thelezifor 340425 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 182471 1142501 1140996 2026-06-10T15:15:17Z Louisalphonse28 35968 Nampidirina rohy 1142501 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox olona|anarana=Rakotovahiny Emmanuel|teraka=16 Aogositra 1938|toerana=Toliara|maty=1 Jolay 2020|firenena=Madagasikara|asa=Mpiraministra lehiben'ny governemanta|asa hafa=Mpitsabo Biby fiompy}} '''I Rakotovahiny Emmanuel''' dia teraka tamin'ny 16 Aogositra 1938 tao [[Faritanin' i Toliara|Toliara]], faritra Atsimo Andrefan'i [[Madagasikara]] ary maty tamin'ny 1 Jolay 2020. Izy dia mpitondra fanjakana Malagasy, voatendry ho praiminisitra lehiben'ny [[Governemanta Malagasy|Governemanta]] tamin'ny fitondran'i Zafy Albert nanomboka tamin'ny 30 Oktobra 1995 ka hatramin'ny 17 May [[1995|1996]]. == Tantaram-piainany == === Fianarana === Nianatra tao amin'ny Lisea Gallieni tao Toliara izy ka nahazo ny mari-pahaizana [[Bakalaorea|Bakalorea]]. Nandrato fianarana tany ivelany izy, nianatra momban'ny fitsaboana biby fiompy tao amin'ny Oniversiten'i Toulouse tamin'ny taona 1968. Mbola nanohy ny fianarany momban'ny biolojia an-dranomasina tao amin'ny Oniversiten'i [[Marseille]] ihany koa izy. ==== Asany nataony ==== Nanomboka nanao [[Pôlitika eto Madagasikara|politika]] izy tamin'ny taona 1972 ary notendren'i Jeneraly Ramanantsoa Gabriel ho minisitry ny fambolena ny taona 1972. Efa tale isam-paritry ny fiompiana sy ny Jono ihany koa i Rakotovahiny Emmanuel tamin'ny taona 1968 ka hatramin'ny taona 1972. Efa filohan'ny filan-kevim-pitantanana tao amin'ny kaompaniam-piaramanidina malagasy "Air Mad" izy ny taona 1994 ka hatramin'ny taona 1995. == Jereo koa == * [[Madagasikara]] * [[Politika ao Madagasikara]] {{vangovango}} [[Sokajy:Praiminisitra malagasy]] [[sokajy:Politika ao Madagasikara]] 3doezjtjltv3y5ktpzwg6a1yj54o48t 0 197362 1142578 1086510 2026-06-11T02:53:31Z HarryWurst 36292 1142578 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox olona |sary=Joachim Löw, Germany national football team (05).jpg |anarana=Joachim Löw |teraka=3 Febroary 1960 |maty= |firenena={{Alemaina}} |mpiaraka= |asa= * [[mpilalao baolina kitra]] |taona niasàna= }} '''Joachim Löw''' dia mpilalao baolina kitra sy [[mpanazatra]] mizaka ny zom-pirenen'i [[Alemaina]] teraka ny 3 Febroary 1960 ==Klioba== *1978–1980 [[SC Freiburg]] *1980–1981 [[VfB Stuttgart]] *1981–1982 [[Eintracht Frankfurt]] *1982–1984 [[SC Freiburg]] *1984–1985 [[Karlsruher SC]] *1985–1989 SC Freiburg ==Mpanazatra nasionaly== *2004–2006 [[Alemaina]] (Co-Trainer) *2006–2021 Alemaina == Jereo koa == {{commonscat}} [[sokajy:mpilalao baolina kitra alemainy]] [[Sokajy:mpanazatra baolina kitra nasionaly alemà]] [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1960]] 9li728ko35l6rahq3ojeb581qwlqeb8 0 197724 1142553 759974 2026-06-11T02:19:21Z HarryWurst 36292 1142553 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox olona |sary=MameBiramDiouf.jpg |anarana=Mame Biram Diouf |teraka=16 Desambra 1987 |maty= |firenena={{Senegala}} |mpiaraka= |asa= * [[mpilalao baolina kitra]] |taona niasàna= }} '''Mame Biram Diouf''' dia mpilalao baolina kitra mizaka ny zom-pirenen'i [[Senegala]] teraka ny 16 Desambra 1987 tao [[Dakar]] == Jereo koa == {{commonscat}} [[sokajy:mpilalao baolina kitra senegaley]] [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1987]] cm912b0ccgi4vgd58ptvtykjezqdz30 0 198338 1142557 762405 2026-06-11T02:22:39Z HarryWurst 36292 1142557 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox olona |sary=Pape Souaré 8392.JPG |anarana=Pape Souaré |teraka=6 Jiona 1990 |maty= |firenena={{Senegala}} |mpiaraka= |asa= * [[mpilalao baolina kitra]] |taona niasàna= }} '''Pape Souaré''' dia mpilalao baolina kitra mizaka ny zom-pirenen'i [[Senegala]] teraka ny 6 Jiona 1990 tao [[Senegala]] == Jereo koa == {{commonscat}} [[sokajy:mpilalao baolina kitra senegaley]] [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1980]] fj7jvntrvu9qytnd82vwhh5uk45g4mf 0 199021 1142567 759968 2026-06-11T02:28:46Z HarryWurst 36292 1142567 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox olona |sary=Mamadou Diabang - FK Austria Wien.jpg |anarana=Mamadou Diabang |teraka=21 Janoary 1979 |maty= |firenena={{Senegala}} |mpiaraka= |asa= * [[mpilalao baolina kitra]] |taona niasàna= }} '''Mamadou Diabang''' dia mpilalao baolina kitra mizaka ny zom-pirenen'i [[Senegala]] teraka ny 21 Janoary 1979 tao [[Dakar]] == Jereo koa == {{commonscat}} [[sokajy:mpilalao baolina kitra senegaley]] [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1979]] celwt2p8px3duj8gn2tqpq3juhv454c 0 199871 1142566 762402 2026-06-11T02:28:05Z HarryWurst 36292 1142566 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox olona |sary=Pape Diop.jpg |anarana=Papakouli Diop |teraka=19 Martsa 1986 |maty= |firenena={{Senegala}} |mpiaraka= |asa= * [[mpilalao baolina kitra]] |taona niasàna= }} '''Papakouli Diop''' dia mpilalao baolina kitra mizaka ny zom-pirenen'i [[Senegala]] teraka ny 19 Martsa 1986 == Jereo koa == {{commonscat}} [[sokajy:mpilalao baolina kitra senegaley]] [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1986]] g2mvs5p0ac473zvxat3p2pg7whzq63e 0 201235 1142579 758455 2026-06-11T03:23:47Z HarryWurst 36292 1142579 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox olona |sary=Jules Rimet 1933.jpg |anarana=Jules Rimet |teraka=14 Oktobra 1873 |maty=16 Oktobra 1956 |firenena={{Frantsa}} |mpiaraka= |asa= * [[mpilalao baolina kitra]] |taona niasàna= }} '''Jules Rimet''' dia mpilalao baolina kitra mizaka ny zom-pirenen'i [[Frantsa]] teraka ny 14 Oktobra 1873 ary maty ny 16 Oktobra 1956 tao [[Paris]] == Jereo koa == {{commonscat}} [[Sokajy:FIFA]] [[Sokajy:Ofisialin'ny baolina kitra frantsay]] [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1873]] bjyc43ddp0gea82an9af49wz4xge5gh 0 201459 1142569 1096675 2026-06-11T02:29:50Z HarryWurst 36292 1142569 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox olona |sary=Sadio Mané.jpg |anarana=Sadio Mané |teraka=10 Aprily 1992 |maty= |firenena={{Senegala}} |mpiaraka= |asa= * [[mpilalao baolina kitra]] |taona niasàna= }} '''Sadio Mané''' dia mpilalao baolina kitra mizaka ny zom-pirenen'i [[Senegala]] teraka ny 10 Aprily 1992 == Jereo koa == {{commonscat}} [[sokajy:mpilalao baolina kitra senegaley]] [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1992]] i92ggy3ej1siycydp87g3jb0ehqra88 0 203306 1142558 750324 2026-06-11T02:24:00Z HarryWurst 36292 1142558 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox olona |sary= |anarana=Abasse Ba |teraka=12 Jolay 1976 |maty= |firenena={{Senegala}} |mpiaraka= |asa= * [[mpilalao baolina kitra]] |taona niasàna= }} '''Abasse Ba''' dia mpilalao baolina kitra mizaka ny zom-pirenen'i [[Senegala]] teraka ny 12 Jolay 1976 == Jereo koa == {{commonscat}} [[sokajy:mpilalao baolina kitra senegaley]] [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1976]] n030ddcmlm9ijby053cmdhyt86bv6ps 0 203353 1142563 750366 2026-06-11T02:26:42Z HarryWurst 36292 1142563 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox olona |sary= |anarana=Abdou Guirassy |teraka=12 Janoary 1989 |maty= |firenena={{Senegala}} |mpiaraka= |asa= * [[mpilalao baolina kitra]] |taona niasàna= }} '''Abdou Guirassy''' dia mpilalao baolina kitra mizaka ny zom-pirenen'i [[Senegala]] teraka ny 12 Janoary 1989 == Jereo koa == {{commonscat}} [[sokajy:mpilalao baolina kitra senegaley]] [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1989]] 4kub1p7qhu5rn267gf0ehvjwkiqef0o 0 203362 1142570 750378 2026-06-11T02:30:16Z HarryWurst 36292 1142570 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox olona |sary=Entrainement SRFC St-Malo 2013 (79bis).jpg |anarana=Abdoulaye Sané |teraka=15 Oktobra 1992 |maty= |firenena={{Senegala}} |mpiaraka= |asa= * [[mpilalao baolina kitra]] |taona niasàna= }} '''Abdoulaye Sané''' dia mpilalao baolina kitra mizaka ny zom-pirenen'i [[Senegala]] teraka ny 15 Oktobra 1992 == Jereo koa == {{commonscat}} [[sokajy:mpilalao baolina kitra senegaley]] [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1992]] 9ws3rmjom14gjd7y4jufk4rw0bff37t 0 204790 1142565 753953 2026-06-11T02:27:37Z HarryWurst 36292 1142565 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox olona |sary=Dame N'Doye 2012.jpg |anarana=Dame N'Doye |teraka=21 Febroary 1985 |maty= |firenena={{Senegala}} |mpiaraka= |asa= * [[mpilalao baolina kitra]] |taona niasàna= }} '''Dame N'Doye''' dia mpilalao baolina kitra mizaka ny zom-pirenen'i [[Senegala]] teraka ny 21 Febroary 1985 == Jereo koa == {{commonscat}} [[sokajy:mpilalao baolina kitra senegaley]] [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1985]] 698x0sznakvq4nybzojwrcghu3y6kdb 0 205128 1142560 763981 2026-06-11T02:25:38Z HarryWurst 36292 1142560 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox olona |sary=Sali Diao Arsenal v Stoke City FC.jpg |anarana=Salif Diao |teraka=10 Febroary 1977 |maty= |firenena={{Senegala}} |mpiaraka= |asa= * [[mpilalao baolina kitra]] |taona niasàna= }} '''Salif Diao''' dia mpilalao baolina kitra mizaka ny zom-pirenen'i [[Senegala]] teraka ny 10 Febroary 1977 == Jereo koa == {{commonscat}} [[sokajy:mpilalao baolina kitra senegaley]] [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1977]] 3zcdmsrcuyh6iejgdvnnobwe6tju4q1 0 205664 1142549 1086542 2026-06-11T02:12:19Z HarryWurst 36292 1142549 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox olona |sary=5860Manfred Kaltz.JPG |anarana=Manfred Kaltz |teraka=6 Janoary 1953 |maty= |firenena={{Alemaina}} |mpiaraka= |asa= * [[mpilalao baolina kitra]] |taona niasàna= }} '''Manfred Kaltz''' (teraka ny 6 Janoary 1953 tao [[Ludwigshafen]] am Rhein) dia mpilalao baolina kitra alemà taloha. Nilalao lalao [[Bundesliga]] 581 ho an'ny [[Hamburger SV]] ity mpiaro ity teo anelanelan'ny taona 1971 sy 1991, ary koa lalao iraisam-pirenena 69 ho an'ny ekipam-pirenena [[Alemaina|alemà]], izay niarahany nandrombaka ny fiadiana ny ho tompondaka Eoropeana tamin'ny taona 1980. == Jereo koa == {{commonscat}} [[sokajy:mpilalao baolina kitra alemainy]] [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1953]] [[Sokajy:Mpilalao baolina kitra nasionaly alemà]] n35hcpdmyb6m5y951a4c5a6vk6fzqt3 1142550 1142549 2026-06-11T02:12:49Z HarryWurst 36292 1142550 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox olona |sary=5860Manfred Kaltz.JPG |anarana=Manfred Kaltz |teraka=6 Janoary 1953 |toerana = [[Ludwigshafen]] |maty= |firenena={{Alemaina}} |mpiaraka= |asa= * [[mpilalao baolina kitra]] |taona niasàna= }} '''Manfred Kaltz''' (teraka ny 6 Janoary 1953 tao [[Ludwigshafen]] am Rhein) dia mpilalao baolina kitra alemà taloha. Nilalao lalao [[Bundesliga]] 581 ho an'ny [[Hamburger SV]] ity mpiaro ity teo anelanelan'ny taona 1971 sy 1991, ary koa lalao iraisam-pirenena 69 ho an'ny ekipam-pirenena [[Alemaina|alemà]], izay niarahany nandrombaka ny fiadiana ny ho tompondaka Eoropeana tamin'ny taona 1980. == Jereo koa == {{commonscat}} [[sokajy:mpilalao baolina kitra alemainy]] [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1953]] [[Sokajy:Mpilalao baolina kitra nasionaly alemà]] htfq34r1uocxmjsdwot65c3ygtonu1f 0 206365 1142561 757440 2026-06-11T02:26:03Z HarryWurst 36292 1142561 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox olona |sary=Kebe2.jpg |anarana=Ibra Kébé |teraka=24 Desambra 1978 |maty= |firenena=Senegala |mpiaraka= |asa= * [[mpilalao baolina kitra]] |taona niasàna= }} '''Ibra Kébé''' dia mpilalao baolina kitra mizaka ny zom-pirenen'i [[Senegala]] teraka ny 24 Desambra 1978 == Jereo koa == {{commonscat}} [[sokajy:mpilalao baolina kitra senegaley]] [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1978]] rr9bwwoa7sy3qm8f3eh58gmq664o9ob 1142562 1142561 2026-06-11T02:26:14Z HarryWurst 36292 1142562 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox olona |sary=Kebe2.jpg |anarana=Ibra Kébé |teraka=24 Desambra 1978 |maty= |firenena={{Senegala}} |mpiaraka= |asa= * [[mpilalao baolina kitra]] |taona niasàna= }} '''Ibra Kébé''' dia mpilalao baolina kitra mizaka ny zom-pirenen'i [[Senegala]] teraka ny 24 Desambra 1978 == Jereo koa == {{commonscat}} [[sokajy:mpilalao baolina kitra senegaley]] [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1978]] p02fltesb256cjecc6yan39y3je98zr 0 207683 1142568 760511 2026-06-11T02:29:23Z HarryWurst 36292 1142568 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox olona |sary= |anarana=Matar Coly |teraka=10 Novambra 1984 |maty= |firenena={{Senegala}} |mpiaraka= |asa= * [[mpilalao baolina kitra]] |taona niasàna= }} '''Matar Coly''' dia mpilalao baolina kitra mizaka ny zom-pirenen'i [[Senegala]] teraka ny 10 Novambra 1984 == Jereo koa == {{commonscat}} [[sokajy:mpilalao baolina kitra senegaley]] [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1984]] oamwg5mrz19v7aujc9jtch6sms5l8x2 0 207713 1142559 758859 2026-06-11T02:24:41Z HarryWurst 36292 1142559 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox olona |sary=Babacar khouma (2).JPG |anarana=Khouma Babacar |teraka=17 Martsa 1993 |maty= |firenena={{Senegala}} |mpiaraka= |asa= * [[mpilalao baolina kitra]] |taona niasàna= }} '''Khouma Babacar''' dia mpilalao baolina kitra mizaka ny zom-pirenen'i [[Senegala]] teraka ny 17 Martsa 1993 == Jereo koa == {{commonscat}} [[sokajy:mpilalao baolina kitra senegaley]] [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1993]] gjbap5v7k6xt8arb7addwq83qpy609j 0 207723 1142564 791725 2026-06-11T02:27:08Z HarryWurst 36292 1142564 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox olona |sary= Entraînement du Racing Club de Lens - 19 août 2015 9.JPG |anarana=Guirane N'Daw |teraka=24 Aprily 1984 |maty= |firenena={{Senegala}} |mpiaraka= |asa= * [[mpilalao baolina kitra]] |taona niasàna= }} '''Guirane N'Daw''' dia mpilalao baolina kitra mizaka ny zom-pirenen'i [[Senegala]] teraka ny 24 Aprily 1984 == Jereo koa == {{commonscat}} [[sokajy:mpilalao baolina kitra senegaley]] [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1984]] j2yknmpap8yglzehd0vdlzru0rewmyj 0 221550 1142489 1120505 2026-06-10T14:31:11Z HarryWurst 36292 1142489 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox olona |sary= |anarana=Wilhelm Mauser |teraka=2 Mey 1834 |maty=13 Janoary 1882 |firenena={{Alemaina}} |mpiaraka= |asa= * [[injeniera]] |taona niasàna= }} '''Wilhelm Mauser''' dia [[injeniera]] mizaka ny zom-pirenen'i {{Alemaina}} teraka ny 2 Mey 1834 tao [[Oberndorf am Neckar]] ary maty ny 13 Janoary 1882 tao [[Oberndorf am Neckar|Oberndorf]]. ==Fiainana== Zanaky ny mpiasa iray tao amin’ny ''Königlich Württembergische Gewehrfabrik'' any Oberndorf, i Wilhelm Mauser dia niasa tao koa nanomboka tamin’ny 1848. Niaraka tamin’i Peter Paul Mauser rahalahiny, izy dia nanamboatra breechblock basy mametaka, izay nampian’ny Minisiteran’ny Adin’i [[Baden-Württemberg|Württemberg]] tao amin’ny fanangonana modely an’ny arsenal tamin’ny 1860. Tamin'ny 1870, dia nanohy ny asa fampandrosoana ho an'ny manam-pahefana miaramila Prosia izy ireo ary, niaraka tamin'izy ireo, dia namolavola ny basy Mauser Model 71, izay nampidirina tamin'ny 1871. Tamin'ny 1872, i Mauser sy ny rahalahiny dia nanangana ny orinasa ''Gebrüder Wilhelm und Paul Mauser'', nividy ny ''Königlich Württembergische Gewehrfabrik'' y tamin'ny 1874, ary nanova ny anaran'ny orinasa ho fiaraha-miasa voafetra. ''Mauser frères & Cie'' manodidina. == Jereo koa == * [[Biôgrafia]] ===Rohy ivelany=== {{commonscat}} [[sokajy:injeniera alemà]] [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1834]] [[sokajy:Maty tamin'ny taona 1882]] [[Sokajy:Wilhelm Mauser]] reu53m4m52uhrjpl8iihrk2hi578uqx 0 257952 1142544 1094553 2026-06-11T01:08:23Z HarryWurst 36292 1142544 wikitext text/x-wiki {{coord|54|36|N|05|55|W}} {{infobox tanàna |tanàna=Belfast |velarantany= 133 |isam-ponina=342.560 |sary=CityHallBelfast.jpg |saina=Belfast City Coat of Arms.svg |ben'ny tanàna= |tanànan-dehibe= |firenena={{Irlandy Avaratra}} - {{Fanjakana Mitambatra}} |faritany= | haavo = }} '''Belfast''' dia renivohitr'i [[Irlandy Avaratra]] any {{Fanjakana Mitambatra}} ary tanàna faharoa lehibe indrindra ao amin'ny nosy [[Irlandy]] taorian'ny [[Dublin]]. Belfast dia manana mponina manodidina ny 342.560 ary eo am-bavan'ny Reniranon'i [[Lagan]] ao amin'ny Bay Belfast no misy azy. == Tsiahy == {{ref}} {{commonscat}} [[de:Belfast]] [[sokajy:Tanàna ao Irlandy Avaratra]] [[Sokajy:Seranan-tsambon' Irlandy Avaratra]] og1jaf7wtea1yj9w7iopgtifxk8l8o9 0 279215 1142539 998710 2026-06-10T19:00:27Z EmausBot 2486 Rôbô : mamaha olam-pihodinana mankany amin'i [[Zea mays]] 1142539 wikitext text/x-wiki #FIHODINANA [[Zea mays]] h1u35d884vby2721vdhw5mq9zuittjb 1 279216 1142540 998712 2026-06-10T19:00:37Z EmausBot 2486 Rôbô : mamaha olam-pihodinana mankany amin'i [[Dinika:Zea mays]] 1142540 wikitext text/x-wiki #FIHODINANA [[Dinika:Zea mays]] babz0eaxajgg7t1z30a9ygaiuegvfwl 0 281879 1142556 1129057 2026-06-11T02:21:51Z HarryWurst 36292 1142556 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Abdoulaye Wade (1).jpg|vignette|Abdoulaye Wade]] I '''Abdoulaye Wade''' dia mpanao pôlitika [[Senegaly|senegaley]], teraka ny 29 Mey 1926 tao Kébémer, mpitarika ny antoko ''Parti Démocratique Sénégalais'' (PDS), kandidà tamin' ny fifidianana filoham-pirenena tamin' ny taona 1978, 1983, 1988 ary 1993, ary [[filohan' ny Repoblika]]<nowiki/>n' i [[Senegala|Senegaly]] nanomboka tamin' ny 1 Avrily 2000 hatramin' ny 2 Avrily 2012. Nandritra ny fe-potoam-piasany voalohany dia nanitsy ny [[Lalàmpanorenana|lalàm-panorenana]] izy ary nametraka fe-potoam-piasana dimy taona tamin' ny 2001. Voafidy indray nandritra ny dimy taona tamin' ny fifidianana filoham-pirenena natao tamin' ny taona 2007, namerina ny fe-potoam-piasana fito taona izy tamin' ny 2008. Tamin' ny fifidianana filoham-pirenena 2012 izy no resin' ny praiminisitrany teo aloha, i [[Macky Sall]], izay nandimby azy. Tompon-daka izy amin' ny fandraisana anjara amin' ny fifidianana filoham-pirenena nifanesy imbetsaka amin' ny naha-impito azy nirotsaka ho filohan' ny fireneny. == Filohan'ny Senegala == {|border="1" align="center" style="border: 10px solid #0; background-color:#FFFFFF" |-align="center" bgcolor="DDEEFF" !nodimbiasany ![[Sary:Flag_of_Senegal.svg|40px]] Filohan'ny [[Senegala]] !mpandimby |-align="center" |[[Abdou Diouf]]<br/> 1981-2000 <br/>|| [[Abdoulaye Wade]]<br/>2000-2012 || [[Macky Sall]]<br/> 2012-2024 |-bgcolor="#DDEEFF" |- |} {{commonscat}} [[Sokajy:Mpanao politika senegaley]] [[sokajy:filohan’ ny Senegala]] [[Sokajy:Praiministra senegaley]] [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1926]] s9xoh934s2v4mv3ye5v08dabkutcnw0 0 282346 1142526 1099524 2026-06-10T16:03:46Z HarryWurst 36292 1142526 wikitext text/x-wiki {{coord|50|59|N|10|19|E}} {{infobox tanàna |tanàna=Eisenach |firenena={{Alemaina}} |isam-ponina=42.817 |velarantany= 104,17 |haavo = 215 |fanjakana = {{Thüringen}} |ben'ny tanàna= |sary= |saina= Wappen Eisenach.svg }} [[Sary:Thuringia Eisenach asv2020-07 img23 Wartburg Castle.jpg|vignette|252x252px|left|Ny tanànan' i Eisenach ([[Wartburg (any Alemaina)]]]] I '''Eisenach''' dia tanàna any [[Alemaina]] ao amin' ny tapany andrefana amin' ny Landan' i [[Thüringen]] ([[Fiteny frantsay|frantsay]]: ''Thuringe'') sady ao afovoan' i Alemaina, ao amin' ny lohasahan' i Hörsel. Manerinerina ao aminy ny tranoben' i Wartburg izay nanaovan' ny trobadora fampisehoana tamin' ny taonjato faha-13 sady nahazoan' i [[Richard Wagner]] ny aingam-panahiny namoronany ny ôperà Tannhäuser. Fantatra koa ity tanàna ity noho izy nanaovan' i [[Martin Lotera]] ny [[Baibolin' i Lotera|fandikana ny Baiboly]] amin' ny teny alemàna tamin' ny taonjato faha-16. Ahafantarana ity tanàna ity koa ny maha toerana nahaterahan' i [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] (frantsay: ''Jean-Sébastien Bach'') tamin' ny taona 1685 izay nonenany mandra-pahafatin' ny reniny tamin' ny taona 1695. == Jereo koa == *[[Wartburg (any Alemaina)]] '''Tanàna any [[Alemaina]] sy [[Eorôpa Atsinanana]] manan-tantara tamin' ny andron' i [[Martin Lotera]]:''' * [[Altenburg]] - [[Augsburg]] - [[Eisenach]] - [[Eisleben]] - [[Erfurt]] - [[Königsberg]] - [[Leipzig]] - [[Liebenwerda]] - [[Magdeburg]] - [[Marburg]] - [[Mohrungen]] - [[Speyer]] - [[Strasburg (Uckermark)|Strasburg]] - [[Wachsdorf]] - [[Wittenberg]] - [[Worms (Alemaina)|Worms]] {{reflist}} {{commonscat}} [[Sokajy:Tanàna ao Alemaina]] [[Sokajy:Tanàna ao Thüringen]] q79t3ijaddwxd90otjah6nb6byqorpf 1142527 1142526 2026-06-10T16:05:50Z HarryWurst 36292 1142527 wikitext text/x-wiki {{coord|50|59|N|10|19|E}} {{infobox tanàna |tanàna=Eisenach |firenena={{Alemaina}} |isam-ponina=42.817 |velarantany= 104,17 |haavo = 215 |fanjakana = {{Thüringen}} |ben'ny tanàna= |sary= |saina= Wappen Eisenach.svg }} [[Sary:Thuringia Eisenach asv2020-07 img23 Wartburg Castle.jpg|vignette|252x252px|left|Ny tanànan' i Eisenach ([[Wartburg (any Alemaina)]]]] I '''Eisenach''' dia tanàna any [[Alemaina]] ao amin' ny tapany andrefana amin' ny Landan' i [[Thüringen]] ([[Fiteny frantsay|frantsay]]: ''Thuringe'') sady ao afovoan' i Alemaina, ao amin' ny lohasahan' i Hörsel. Manerinerina ao aminy ny tranoben' i [[Wartburg (any Alemaina)|Wartburg]] izay nanaovan' ny trobadora fampisehoana tamin' ny taonjato faha-13 sady nahazoan' i [[Richard Wagner]] ny aingam-panahiny namoronany ny ôperà Tannhäuser. Fantatra koa ity tanàna ity noho izy nanaovan' i [[Martin Lotera]] ny [[Baibolin' i Lotera|fandikana ny Baiboly]] amin' ny teny alemàna tamin' ny taonjato faha-16. Ahafantarana ity tanàna ity koa ny maha toerana nahaterahan' i [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] (frantsay: ''Jean-Sébastien Bach'') tamin' ny taona 1685 izay nonenany mandra-pahafatin' ny reniny tamin' ny taona 1695. == Jereo koa == *[[Wartburg (any Alemaina)]] '''Tanàna any [[Alemaina]] sy [[Eorôpa Atsinanana]] manan-tantara tamin' ny andron' i [[Martin Lotera]]:''' * [[Altenburg]] - [[Augsburg]] - [[Eisenach]] - [[Eisleben]] - [[Erfurt]] - [[Königsberg]] - [[Leipzig]] - [[Liebenwerda]] - [[Magdeburg]] - [[Marburg]] - [[Mohrungen]] - [[Speyer]] - [[Strasburg (Uckermark)|Strasburg]] - [[Wachsdorf]] - [[Wittenberg]] - [[Worms (Alemaina)|Worms]] {{reflist}} {{commonscat}} [[Sokajy:Tanàna ao Alemaina]] [[Sokajy:Tanàna ao Thüringen]] d50r5fyx1nybd42qe3f3bh6u6ta4y35 0 282351 1142519 1082573 2026-06-10T15:51:27Z HarryWurst 36292 1142519 wikitext text/x-wiki {{coord|51|31|N|13|24|E}} {{infobox tanàna |tanàna= Bad Liebenwerda |firenena={{Alemaina}} |isam-ponina= 8.899 |velarantany=138,88 | haavo = 86 |fanjakana = [[Brandenburg]] |ben'ny tanàna= |sary = Schlossstrasse bad Liebenwerda.JPG |saina=DEU Bad Liebenwerda COA.svg }} I '''Bad Liebenwerda''' dia tanàna any [[Alemaina]] ao amin' ny faritr' i [[Brandenburg]], ao amin' ny boriborintanin' i Elbe-Elster. Amoron' ny renirano Schwarze Elster, 57 km avaratra-andrefan' i [[Dresden]], sy 28 km atsinanan' i Torgau, no misy azy. Nanomboka tamin' ny 1 Janoary 2020, teo amin' ny sehatra fampikambanana ara-pitantanan' ny kaominina atao hoe Liebenwzeda, izay mamondrona ireo tanàna toa an' i Bad Liebenwerda, i Falkenberg-Elster, i Mühlberg ary i Uebigau-Wahrenbrück. == Jereo koa == '''Tanàna any [[Alemaina]] sy [[Eorôpa Atsinanana]] manan-tantara tamin' ny andron' i [[Martin Lotera]]:''' * [[Altenburg]] - [[Augsburg]] - [[Eisenach]] - [[Eisleben]] - [[Erfurt]] - [[Königsberg]] - [[Leipzig]] - [[Bad Liebenwerda]] - [[Magdeburg]] - [[Marburg]] - [[Mohrungen]] - [[Speyer]] - [[Strasburg (Uckermark)|Strasburg]] - [[Wachsdorf]] - [[Wittenberg]] - [[Worms (Alemaina)|Worms]] ==Jereo Koa== *[[Lisitra ny tanàna ny Alemaina]] {{reflist}} [[Sokajy:Tanàna ao Alemaina]] [[Sokajy:Tanàna ao Brandenburg]] asn2ajr0w6abahtblw5uc1o07i7ntre 1142520 1142519 2026-06-10T15:51:52Z HarryWurst 36292 1142520 wikitext text/x-wiki {{coord|51|31|N|13|24|E}} {{infobox tanàna |tanàna= Bad Liebenwerda |firenena={{Alemaina}} |isam-ponina= 8.899 |velarantany=138,88 | haavo = 86 |fanjakana = {{Brandenburg}} |ben'ny tanàna= |sary = Schlossstrasse bad Liebenwerda.JPG |saina=DEU Bad Liebenwerda COA.svg }} I '''Bad Liebenwerda''' dia tanàna any [[Alemaina]] ao amin' ny faritr' i [[Brandenburg]], ao amin' ny boriborintanin' i Elbe-Elster. Amoron' ny renirano Schwarze Elster, 57 km avaratra-andrefan' i [[Dresden]], sy 28 km atsinanan' i Torgau, no misy azy. Nanomboka tamin' ny 1 Janoary 2020, teo amin' ny sehatra fampikambanana ara-pitantanan' ny kaominina atao hoe Liebenwzeda, izay mamondrona ireo tanàna toa an' i Bad Liebenwerda, i Falkenberg-Elster, i Mühlberg ary i Uebigau-Wahrenbrück. == Jereo koa == '''Tanàna any [[Alemaina]] sy [[Eorôpa Atsinanana]] manan-tantara tamin' ny andron' i [[Martin Lotera]]:''' * [[Altenburg]] - [[Augsburg]] - [[Eisenach]] - [[Eisleben]] - [[Erfurt]] - [[Königsberg]] - [[Leipzig]] - [[Bad Liebenwerda]] - [[Magdeburg]] - [[Marburg]] - [[Mohrungen]] - [[Speyer]] - [[Strasburg (Uckermark)|Strasburg]] - [[Wachsdorf]] - [[Wittenberg]] - [[Worms (Alemaina)|Worms]] ==Jereo Koa== *[[Lisitra ny tanàna ny Alemaina]] {{reflist}} [[Sokajy:Tanàna ao Alemaina]] [[Sokajy:Tanàna ao Brandenburg]] g3kc9aysffpppdqnebdvuaz5sz6m2hw 0 282354 1142532 1120587 2026-06-10T16:30:01Z HarryWurst 36292 1142532 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox tanàna |tanàna=Magdeburg |firenena={{Alemaina}} |isam-ponina=239.364 |velarantany=201.03 |fanjakana = [[Sachsen Anhalt]] |ben'ny tanàna=[[:de:Simone Borris]] |sary=Aerial view of Magdeburg.jpg }} I '''Magdeburg''' dia tanàna any [[Alemaina]], renivohitr' i {{Sachsen-Anhalt}}, eo amoron' ny oni [[Elbe]]. Ilay eperora jermanika [[Otto I, Emperora Rômana Masina|Otto <abbr>I</abbr>]] (''Otto der Große'', "Otto Lehibe") no nifidy ity tanàna ity ho renivohitra vaovaon' ny Empira tamin' ny taona 936. Mbola tanàna lehibe ao amin' ny lohasahan' i [[Elbe]] i Magdeburg. Ivontoeran' ny fifanakalozana momba ny fambolena sy momba ny varotra nifanaovan' ny [[Saksôna (vahoaka)|Saksôna]] ity tanàna ity, izay akaiky an' ireo tany lonaka amin' ny ''Börde'', mifampikasoka amin' ny lemaka lehibe ao avaratra sy amin' ny tangorom-bohitra hersiniana, seranan-tsambo an-drenirano manana nuy maha izy azy eo amoron' i Elbe, i Magdeburg dia tanàna asrsi-episkôpaly ivon' ny fampielezana ny [[filazantsara]] tamin' ny vahoaka any avaratra sy any atsinanana talohan' ny haha tanàna manan-danja azy tao amin' ny {{Empira jermanika}}. Lasa tanàna prôtestanta tsara aro amin' ny ady i Magdeburg izay azon' ny [[mpikarama an' ady]] nalefan' ny Empira katôlika, notarihin' ny jeneraly [[Johann T’Serclaes von Tilly|Tilly]], ary rava tanteraka tamin' ny fahamaizana tamin' ny 10 Mey 1631 nandritra ny [[Ady Telopolo Taona]] (fahamaizana nahafatesana olona miisa 25 000 amin' ny mponina 30 000). Ity tanàna prôtestanta ity dia niezaka indray naka amin' ny fomba mora ny toerany ara-toekarena, ka nanjary tanàna-orinasa taorian' ny fiovam-penitra ara-taozava-baventy, nefa tsy azony intsony ny anjara toerany afovoany ara-pitsarana sy ara-pôlitika. Lasa teo ambany fahefan' i Prosia izy sady nantsoina hoe Saksônia-Prosiana ny faritra nisy azy tamin' ny taonjato faha-19. == Jereo koa == '''Tanàna any [[Alemaina]] sy [[Eorôpa Atsinanana]] manan-tantara tamin' ny andron' i [[Martin Lotera]]:''' * [[Altenburg]] - [[Augsburg]] - [[Eisenach]] - [[Eisleben]] - [[Erfurt]] - [[Königsberg]] - [[Leipzig]] - [[Liebenwerda]] - [[Magdeburg]] - [[Marburg]] - [[Mohrungen]] - [[Speyer]] - [[Strasburg (Uckermark)|Strasburg]] - [[Wachsdorf]] - [[Wittenberg]] - [[Worms (Alemaina)|Worms]] *[[Lisitra ny tanàna ny Alemaina]] {{reflist}} {{commonscat}} [[Sokajy:Tanàna ao Alemaina]] [[Sokajy:Tanàna ao Sachsen-Anhalt]] mk12iie355l5dg0mgoc7csgmwos1pn7 1142533 1142532 2026-06-10T16:30:42Z HarryWurst 36292 1142533 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox tanàna |tanàna=Magdeburg |firenena={{Alemaina}} |isam-ponina=239.364 |velarantany=201.03 |fanjakana = [[Sachsen Anhalt]] |ben'ny tanàna=[[:de:Simone Borris]] |sary=Aerial view of Magdeburg.jpg }} I '''Magdeburg''' dia tanàna any [[Alemaina]], renivohitr' i {{Sachsen-Anhalt}}, eo amoron' ny oni [[Elbe]]. Ilay eperora jermanika [[Otto I, Emperora Rômana Masina|Otto <abbr>I</abbr>]] (''Otto der Große'', "Otto Lehibe") no nifidy ity tanàna ity ho renivohitra vaovaon' ny Empira tamin' ny taona 936. Mbola tanàna lehibe ao amin' ny lohasahan' i [[Elbe]] i Magdeburg. Ivontoeran' ny fifanakalozana momba ny fambolena sy momba ny varotra nifanaovan' ny [[Saksôna (vahoaka)|Saksôna]] ity tanàna ity, izay akaiky an' ireo tany lonaka amin' ny ''Börde'', mifampikasoka amin' ny lemaka lehibe ao avaratra sy amin' ny tangorom-bohitra hersiniana, seranan-tsambo an-drenirano manana nuy maha izy azy eo amoron' i Elbe, i Magdeburg dia tanàna asrsi-episkôpaly ivon' ny fampielezana ny [[filazantsara]] tamin' ny vahoaka any avaratra sy any atsinanana talohan' ny haha tanàna manan-danja azy tao amin' ny {{Empira jermanika}}. Lasa tanàna prôtestanta tsara aro amin' ny ady i Magdeburg izay azon' ny [[mpikarama an' ady]] nalefan' ny Empira katôlika, notarihin' ny jeneraly [[Johann T’Serclaes von Tilly|Tilly]], ary rava tanteraka tamin' ny fahamaizana tamin' ny 10 Mey 1631 nandritra ny [[Ady Telopolo Taona]] (fahamaizana nahafatesana olona miisa 25 000 amin' ny mponina 30 000). Ity tanàna prôtestanta ity dia niezaka indray naka amin' ny fomba mora ny toerany ara-toekarena, ka nanjary tanàna-orinasa taorian' ny fiovam-penitra ara-taozava-baventy, nefa tsy azony intsony ny anjara toerany afovoany ara-pitsarana sy ara-pôlitika. Lasa teo ambany fahefan' i [[Prosia]] izy sady nantsoina hoe Saksônia-Prosiana ny faritra nisy azy tamin' ny taonjato faha-19. == Jereo koa == '''Tanàna any [[Alemaina]] sy [[Eorôpa Atsinanana]] manan-tantara tamin' ny andron' i [[Martin Lotera]]:''' * [[Altenburg]] - [[Augsburg]] - [[Eisenach]] - [[Eisleben]] - [[Erfurt]] - [[Königsberg]] - [[Leipzig]] - [[Liebenwerda]] - [[Magdeburg]] - [[Marburg]] - [[Mohrungen]] - [[Speyer]] - [[Strasburg (Uckermark)|Strasburg]] - [[Wachsdorf]] - [[Wittenberg]] - [[Worms (Alemaina)|Worms]] *[[Lisitra ny tanàna ny Alemaina]] {{reflist}} {{commonscat}} [[Sokajy:Tanàna ao Alemaina]] [[Sokajy:Tanàna ao Sachsen-Anhalt]] cgqq2l0yms5hd9pvf6yoh55odfpebvf 0 282417 1142521 1069459 2026-06-10T15:59:03Z HarryWurst 36292 1142521 wikitext text/x-wiki {{coord|51|51|N|12|39|E}} {{infobox tanàna |tanàna=Wittenberg |isam-ponina=44.937 |velarantany=240.4 | haavo = 75 |firenena={{Alemaina}} |fanjakana = {{Sachsen-Anhalt}} |ben'ny tanàna=[[:de:Torsten Zugehör| Torsten Zugehör]] |sary=Wittenberg, Blick vom Turm der Schlosskirche auf die Altstadt.jpg }} I '''Wittenberge''' dia tanàna iray any amin' ny landan' i [[Sachsen-Anhalt]] any {{Alemaina}}, miorina eo amoron' ny ony Elbe. Misy mponina 45.535 eo ho eo izy io, ary renivohitry ny boriborintanin' i Wittenberg. Noho ny toerany afovoany eo amin' ny lalana tranainy amin' ny Via Imperii hatramin' ny [[Andro Antenatenany]], ity tanàna ity dia lasa toerana manan-danja amin' ny [[indostria]] sy amin' ny asa tanana ary amin' ny raharaham-barotra. Nanomboka tamin' ny taona 1296 ka hatramin' ny 1547, ny lapany no nisy ireo diokan' i Sachsen-Wittemberg sy ireo elektoran' i Sachsen. Araka izany, ny Oniversiten' i Wittenberg dia naorina tamin' ny taona 1502. [[Sary:Wittenberg Market square.JPG|vignette|Toera-malaaky ny tsenan' i Wittenberg]] Malaza ihany koa i Wittenberg amin' ny fifandraisany akaiky amin' ny tantaran' i [[Martin Lotera]] sy ny amin' ny fiandohan' ny [[Fanavaozana Prôtestanta]]: maro amin' ny tranobe ao aminy, toy ny fiangonan' ny lapa (atao amin' ny teny alemana hoe ''Schlosskirche'' "Fiangonan' ny Olo-masina"), no mifandray amin' ny zava-nitranga tamin' izany fotoana izany ary voaisa ho Lova Iraisam-pirenen' i UNESCO ankehitriny. Ny ampahany amin' ny efi-trano fihibohana aogostiniana izay nipetrahan' i Lotera, voalohany tamin' ny naha-[[monka]] (na [[moanina]]) azy ary avy eo tamin' ny naha-tompony azy niaraka tamin' ny vadiny Katharina von Bora sy ny zanany enina, dia voatahiry ary novana ho Tranombakok' i Lotera. Ahitana sisan-javatra navelan' i Lotera izy io, ary koa sarin' i Lotera sy sary hosodoko hafa nataon' i Lucas Cranach der Ältere ("Lucas Cranach Rainy") sy Lucas Cranach der Jüngere ("Lucas Cranach Zanany") (izay mpianaka). Ny Augusteum, izay naorina teo anelanelan' ny taona 1564 sy 1583, noho ny fisian' ny mônastera, dia lasa fahatsiarovana ankehitriny. == Jereo koa == '''Tanàna any [[Alemaina]] sy [[Eorôpa Atsinanana]] manan-tantara tamin' ny andron' i [[Martin Lotera]]:''' * [[Altenburg]] - [[Augsburg]] - [[Eisenach]] - [[Eisleben]] - [[Erfurt]] - [[Königsberg]] - [[Leipzig]] - [[Liebenwerda]] - [[Magdeburg]] - [[Marburg]] - [[Mohrungen]] - [[Speyer]] - [[Strasburg (Uckermark)|Strasburg]] - [[Wachsdorf]] - [[Wittenberg]] - [[Worms (Alemaina)|Worms]] {{reflist}} {{commonscat}} [[Sokajy:Tanàna ao Alemaina]] [[Sokajy:Tanàna ao Sachsen-Anhalt]] sso7jg117ky8rvgwtlqiiv39s03cx10 1142523 1142521 2026-06-10T16:00:26Z HarryWurst 36292 1142523 wikitext text/x-wiki {{coord|51|51|N|12|39|E}} {{infobox tanàna |tanàna=Wittenberg |isam-ponina=44.937 |velarantany=240.4 | haavo = 75 |firenena={{Alemaina}} |fanjakana = {{Sachsen-Anhalt}} |ben'ny tanàna=[[:de:Torsten Zugehör| Torsten Zugehör]] |sary=Wittenberg, Blick vom Turm der Schlosskirche auf die Altstadt.jpg }} I '''Wittenberg''' dia tanàna iray any amin' ny landan' i [[Sachsen-Anhalt]] any {{Alemaina}}, miorina eo amoron' ny ony Elbe. Misy mponina 45.535 eo ho eo izy io, ary renivohitry ny boriborintanin' i Wittenberg. Noho ny toerany afovoany eo amin' ny lalana tranainy amin' ny Via Imperii hatramin' ny [[Andro Antenatenany]], ity tanàna ity dia lasa toerana manan-danja amin' ny [[indostria]] sy amin' ny asa tanana ary amin' ny raharaham-barotra. Nanomboka tamin' ny taona 1296 ka hatramin' ny 1547, ny lapany no nisy ireo diokan' i Sachsen-Wittemberg sy ireo elektoran' i Sachsen. Araka izany, ny Oniversiten' i Wittenberg dia naorina tamin' ny taona 1502. [[Sary:Wittenberg Market square.JPG|vignette|Toera-malaaky ny tsenan' i Wittenberg]] Malaza ihany koa i Wittenberg amin' ny fifandraisany akaiky amin' ny tantaran' i [[Martin Lotera]] sy ny amin' ny fiandohan' ny [[Fanavaozana Prôtestanta]]: maro amin' ny tranobe ao aminy, toy ny fiangonan' ny lapa (atao amin' ny teny alemana hoe ''Schlosskirche'' "Fiangonan' ny Olo-masina"), no mifandray amin' ny zava-nitranga tamin' izany fotoana izany ary voaisa ho Lova Iraisam-pirenen' i UNESCO ankehitriny. Ny ampahany amin' ny efi-trano fihibohana aogostiniana izay nipetrahan' i Lotera, voalohany tamin' ny naha-[[monka]] (na [[moanina]]) azy ary avy eo tamin' ny naha-tompony azy niaraka tamin' ny vadiny Katharina von Bora sy ny zanany enina, dia voatahiry ary novana ho Tranombakok' i Lotera. Ahitana sisan-javatra navelan' i Lotera izy io, ary koa sarin' i Lotera sy sary hosodoko hafa nataon' i Lucas Cranach der Ältere ("Lucas Cranach Rainy") sy Lucas Cranach der Jüngere ("Lucas Cranach Zanany") (izay mpianaka). Ny Augusteum, izay naorina teo anelanelan' ny taona 1564 sy 1583, noho ny fisian' ny mônastera, dia lasa fahatsiarovana ankehitriny. == Jereo koa == '''Tanàna any [[Alemaina]] sy [[Eorôpa Atsinanana]] manan-tantara tamin' ny andron' i [[Martin Lotera]]:''' * [[Altenburg]] - [[Augsburg]] - [[Eisenach]] - [[Eisleben]] - [[Erfurt]] - [[Königsberg]] - [[Leipzig]] - [[Liebenwerda]] - [[Magdeburg]] - [[Marburg]] - [[Mohrungen]] - [[Speyer]] - [[Strasburg (Uckermark)|Strasburg]] - [[Wachsdorf]] - [[Wittenberg]] - [[Worms (Alemaina)|Worms]] {{reflist}} {{commonscat}} [[Sokajy:Tanàna ao Alemaina]] [[Sokajy:Tanàna ao Sachsen-Anhalt]] nsypi5m69htu7mxz1yz54vrhn0acsxp 0 282420 1142534 1140153 2026-06-10T16:32:37Z HarryWurst 36292 1142534 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:WartburgBeiEisenach.jpg|vignette|274x274px|Lapan' i Wartburg]] [[Sary:Festsall auf der Wartburg.jpg|vignette|Festsaal]] I '''Wartburg''' dia lapa naorina tamin' ny [[Andro Antenatenany]], eo ambony hantsana mirefy 410 m any atsimo-andrefan' i [[Eisenach]], ao amin' ny fanjakan' i {{Thüringen}}, any [[Alemaina]]. Tao no fonenan’ i Mb. Elisabeth avy any Hongria, ilay toerana nadikan’ i [[Martin Lotera]] ny [[Testamenta Vaovao]]<nowiki/>n’ny [[Baiboly]] ho amin’ ny [[Fiteny alemàna|teny alemàna]], ilay toerana nanaovana ny Festivalin’ i Wartburg tamin’ ny taona 1817 ary noheverina ho toerana nisy an’ ilay ''Sängerkrieg'' (fifaninanan' ny pôety na mpihira) malaza. Aingam-panahy lehibe ho an' i Ludwig II izany rehefa nanapa-kevitra ny hanorina ny Lapan' i Neuschwanstein izy. I Wartburg no toerana fizahàn-tany be mpitsidika indrindra any {{Thüringen}} aorian' i [[Weimar]]. Na dia mbola misy rafitra tany am-boalohany aza ny lapa amin' izao fotoana izao, nanomboka tamin' ny taonjato faha-12 ka hatramin' ny faha-15, ny ankamaroan' ny ao anatiny dia novana nanomboka tamin' ny taonjato faha-19 ihany. Tamin' ny taona 1999, ny lapan' i Wartburg dia voarakitra ao amin' ny lisitry ny Lova Iraisam-pirenenan' ny UNESCO noho ny maritranony natao tamin' ny Andro Antenatenany sy noho ny lanjany ara-tantara sy ara-pivavahana. [[Sokajy:Lapan'ny Thüringen]] eh1m3du6kpiwgfqepckla6l0eugkx5t 0 285871 1142547 1082946 2026-06-11T01:56:54Z HarryWurst 36292 1142547 wikitext text/x-wiki {{coord|50|22|N|07|36|E}} {{infobox tanàna |tanàna=Koblenz |firenena={{Alemaina}} |isam-ponina=115268 |velarantany=105.25 |fanjakana = [[Rheinland-Pfalz]] |ben'ny tanàna=[[:de:David Langner|David Langner]] |sary=Panorama über Koblenz mit den Stadtteilen Kesselheim, Lützel und Neuendorf. Rechts der Rhein und links die Mosel.jpg }} '''Koblenz''' ([[Fiteny frantsay|frantsay]]: ''Coblence'') dia kaominina alemana, Ny tanàna no misy ao amin'ny {{Rheinland-Pfalz}}, [[Alemaina]]. Ny isan' ny mponina ao aminy dia 115.268 araka. ==Renirano== *[[Rhin]] sy [[Mosel]] ==Jereo Koa== *[[Lisitra ny tanàna ny Alemaina]] {{reflist}} {{commonscat}} [[Sokajy:Tanàna ao Alemaina]] [[Sokajy:Tanàna ao Rheinland-Pfalz]] bknnhnlvphp5wzjfov7kjzuihjf3c29 1142548 1142547 2026-06-11T01:57:33Z HarryWurst 36292 1142548 wikitext text/x-wiki {{coord|50|22|N|07|36|E}} {{infobox tanàna |tanàna=Koblenz |firenena={{Alemaina}} |isam-ponina=115268 |velarantany=105.25 |haavo =73 |fanjakana = [[Rheinland-Pfalz]] |ben'ny tanàna=[[:de:David Langner|David Langner]] |sary=Panorama über Koblenz mit den Stadtteilen Kesselheim, Lützel und Neuendorf. Rechts der Rhein und links die Mosel.jpg }} '''Koblenz''' ([[Fiteny frantsay|frantsay]]: ''Coblence'') dia kaominina alemana, Ny tanàna no misy ao amin'ny {{Rheinland-Pfalz}}, [[Alemaina]]. Ny isan' ny mponina ao aminy dia 115.268 araka. ==Renirano== *[[Rhin]] sy [[Mosel]] ==Jereo Koa== *[[Lisitra ny tanàna ny Alemaina]] {{reflist}} {{commonscat}} [[Sokajy:Tanàna ao Alemaina]] [[Sokajy:Tanàna ao Rheinland-Pfalz]] 1a24fhutxz1xyoabhn9bslfgcnngjjn 0 285953 1142496 1140512 2026-06-10T14:38:04Z HarryWurst 36292 1142496 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Pays | nom_local1=Sachsen | langue1=fr:Saxe | langue= mg:Saksona | nom_malgache=Sachsen / Saksona | de=de | image_drapeau=Flag of Saxony (state).svg | lien_drapeau=Sachsen-Anhalt | image_blason=Coat of arms of Saxony.svg | lien_blason= | image_carte=Locator map Saxony in Germany.svg | devise=Tsy misy vola any toaka alemana | langues= [[Fiteny alemàna]], | capitale=[[Dresden]] | coordonnées_capitale={{coord|51|04|N|13|41|E}} | lien_villes= | titre_plus_grande_ville=Tanàna ngeza indrindra | plus_grande_ville= [[Leipzig]], [[Chemnitz]] | type_gouvernement= | titres_dirigeants= [[Praiminisitra]] | noms_dirigeants= [[Michael Kretschmer]] ([[CDU]]) | superficie_rang= | superficie_totale=18.449,9 | pourcentage_eau= | population_rang= | population_totale=4.086.152 | population_année=2022 | densité= | type_indépendance= | pays_indépendance= | date_indépendance= | pays frontaliers= | gentilé=alemàna | IDH= | IDH_année= | IDH_catégorie= | IDH_rang= | monnaie=[[Euro]] | code_monnaie=EUR | fuseau_horaire=+2 | hymne_national= ''Sachsenlied'' | domaine_internet= .de | indicatif_téléphonique=49 }} [[File:DD-canaletto-blick.jpg|left|thumb|[[Dresden]]]] Ny '''''Sachsen''''' ([[Fiteny frantsay|frantsay]]: ''Saxe'') dia fanjakana federaly any [[Alemaina]], ary ny oni [[Elbe]]. Ny renivohiny dia [[Dresden]]. Misy mponina 4.086.152 any. Fiteny: [[Saksôna (vahoaka)|Saksôna]] ==Ony== *[[Elbe]] ==Tanàna lehibe== [[Dresden]], [[Chemnitz]], [[Görlitz]], [[Leipzig]], [[Zwickau]], [[Plauen]], {{reflist}} {{commonscat|Saxony}} [[Sokajy:Sachsen]] [[Sokajy:Fanjakana federaly any Alemaina]] 604evrlwczr967lo7vxajovmqxxoxb7 0 286010 1142494 1140582 2026-06-10T14:34:39Z HarryWurst 36292 /* Tanana -100 000 mponina */ 1142494 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Germany.svg|thumb|Saina alemana]] [[Sary:Museumsinsel Berlin Juli 2021 1 (cropped) b.jpg|vignette|[[Berlin]]]] Inty ny '''lisitry ny tanàna ny Alemaina''' izay ahitana tanàna misy mponina mihoatra ny 100&nbsp;000 sy latsaky ny 100&nbsp;000. == Tanana + 100 000 mponina == Inty ny lisitry ny tanàna misy mponina mihoatra ny 100&nbsp;000. {| class="wikitable sortable" ! align="center" | ! align="center" | Tanana ! align="center" data-sort-type="number" | 1980 ! align="center" data-sort-typpe="number" | 1990 ! align="center" data-sort-type="number" | 2000 ! align="center" data-sort-type="number" | 2010 ! align="center" data-sort-type="number" | 2015 !2022 ! align="center" | velarantany (km2) ! align="center"| mpo./km2 ! align="center" | [[fanjakana]] |-align="right" | 1 || align="left" height="30" | {{Berlin}} || {{formatnum:3048759}} || {{formatnum:3433695}} || {{formatnum:3382169}} || {{formatnum:3460725}} || {{formatnum:3520031}} |3 755 251 || 891,68 || 4 214 || align="left" | {{Berlin}} |-align="right" | 2 || align="left" height="30" | {{Hamburg}} || {{formatnum:1645095}} || {{formatnum:1652363}} || {{formatnum:1715392}} || {{formatnum:1786448}} || {{formatnum:1787408}} | 1 892 122||755,30|| 2 506 || align="left" | {{Hamburg}} |-align="right" | 3 || align="left" height="30" | [[München]] ([[:fr:Munich]]) || {{formatnum:1298941}} || {{formatnum:1229026}} || {{formatnum:1210223}} || {{formatnum:1353186}} || {{formatnum:1450381}} | 1 512 491||310,70|| 4 868 || align="left" | {{Bayern}} (Bavière) |-align="right" | 4 || align="left" height="30" | [[Köln]] (Cologne) || {{formatnum:976694}} || {{formatnum:953551}} || {{formatnum:962884}} || {{formatnum:1007119}} || {{formatnum:1060582}} | 1 084 831||405,02|| 2 679 || align="left" | {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} (Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie) |-align="right" | 5 || align="left" height="30" | [[Franckfort/Main|Frankfurt/Main]] || {{formatnum:629375}} || {{formatnum:644865}} || {{formatnum:646550}} || {{formatnum:679664}} || {{formatnum:732688}} | 773 068||248,31|| 3 113 || align="left" | {{Hessen}} (Hesse) |-align="right" | 6 || align="left" height="30" | [[Stuttgart]] || {{formatnum:580648}} || {{formatnum:579988}} || {{formatnum:583874}} || {{formatnum:606588}} || {{formatnum:623738}} | 632 865||207,35|| 3 052 || align="left" | {{Baden-Württemberg}} |-align="right" | 7 || align="left" height="30" | [[Düsseldorf]] || {{formatnum:590479}} || {{formatnum:575794}} || {{formatnum:569364}} || {{formatnum:588735}} || {{formatnum:612178}} | 629 047||217,41|| 2 893 || align="left" | {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |- align="right" | 8 || align="left" height="30" | [[Leipzig]]|| {{formatnum:562480}}|| {{formatnum:511079}}|| {{formatnum:493208}}|| {{formatnum:522883}}|| {{formatnum:560472}} | 616 093||297,39|| 2 069 || align="left" | {{Sachsen}} |- align="right" | 9 || align="left" height="30" | [[Dortmund]]|| {{formatnum:608297}}|| {{formatnum:599055}}|| {{formatnum:588994}}|| {{formatnum:580444}}|| {{formatnum:586181}} | 593 317||280,71|| 2 114 || align="left" | {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |- align="right" | 10 || align="left" height="30" | [[Essen]]|| {{formatnum:647643}}|| {{formatnum:626973}}|| {{formatnum:595243}}|| {{formatnum:574635}}|| {{formatnum:582624}} | 584 580||210,34|| 2 779 || align="left" | {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |-align="right" | 11 || align="left" height="30" | {{Bremen}} || {{formatnum:555118}} || {{formatnum:551219}} || {{formatnum:539403}} || {{formatnum:547340}} || {{formatnum:557464}} | 569 396||325,56|| 1 791 || align="left" | {{Bremen}} |-align="right" | 12 || align="left" height="30" | [[Dresden]] || {{formatnum:516225}} || {{formatnum:490571}} || {{formatnum:477807}} || {{formatnum:523058}} || {{formatnum:543825}} | 563 311||328,31|| 1 715 || align="left" | {{Sachsen}} (Saxe) |-align="right" | 13 || align="left" height="30" | [[Hannover]] || {{formatnum:534623}} || {{formatnum:513010}} || {{formatnum:515001}} || {{formatnum:522686}} || {{formatnum:532163}} | 545 045||204,15|| 2 668 || align="left" | {{Niedersachsen}} (Basse-Saxe) |-align="right" | 14 || align="left" height="30" | [[Nürnberg]] || {{formatnum:484405}} || {{formatnum:493692}} || {{formatnum:488400}} || {{formatnum:505664}} || {{formatnum:509975}} | 523 026||186,38|| 2 805 || align="left" | {{Bayern}} |-align="right" | 15 || align="left" height="30" | [[Duisburg]] || {{formatnum:558089}} || {{formatnum:535447}} || {{formatnum:514915}} || {{formatnum:489599}} || {{formatnum:491231}} | 502 211||232,80|| 2 157 || align="left" | {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |-align="right" | 16 || align="left" height="30" | [[Bochum]] || {{formatnum:400757}} || {{formatnum:396486}} || {{formatnum:391147}} || {{formatnum:374737}} || {{formatnum:364742}} | 365 742||145,66|| 2 511 || align="left" | {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |-align="right" | 17 || align="left" height="30" | [[Wuppertal]] || {{formatnum:393381}} || {{formatnum:383660}} || {{formatnum:366434}} || {{formatnum:349721}} || {{formatnum:350046}} | 358 876||168,39|| 2 131 || align="left" |{{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |-align="right" | 18 || align="left" height="30" | [[Bielefeld]] || {{formatnum:312708}} || {{formatnum:319037}} || {{formatnum:321758}} || {{formatnum:323270}} || {{formatnum:333090}} | 338 332||258,82|| 1 307 || align="left" | {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |-align="right" | 19 || align="left" height="30" | [[Bonn]] || {{formatnum:288148}} || {{formatnum:292234}} || {{formatnum:302247}} || {{formatnum:324899}} || {{formatnum:318809}} | 336 465||141,06|| 2 385 || align="left" | {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |-align="right" | 20 || align="left" height="30" | [[Münster]] || {{formatnum:269696}} || {{formatnum:259438}} || {{formatnum:265609}} || {{formatnum:279803}} || {{formatnum:310039}} | 320.946||303,28|| 1 058 || align="left" | {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |- align="right" | 21 || align="left" height="30" | [[Mannheim]]|| {{formatnum:304303}}|| {{formatnum:310411}}|| {{formatnum:306729}}|| {{formatnum:313174}}|| {{formatnum:305780}} | 315 554||144,96|| 2 177 || align="left" | {{Baden-Württemberg}} |- align="right" | 22 || align="left" height="30" | [[Karlsruhe]]|| {{formatnum:271892}}|| {{formatnum:275061}}|| {{formatnum:278558}}|| {{formatnum:294761}}|| {{formatnum:307755}} | 308 707||173,46|| 1 780 || align="left" | {{Baden-Württemberg}} |-align="right" | 23 || align="left" height="30" | [[Augsburg]] || {{formatnum:248346}} || {{formatnum:256877}} || {{formatnum:254982}} || {{formatnum:264708}} || {{formatnum:286374}} | 301 033||146,84|| 2 050 || align="left" | {{Bayern}} |-align="right" | 24 || align="left" height="30" | [[Wiesbaden]] || {{formatnum:274464}} || {{formatnum:260301}} || {{formatnum:270109}} || {{formatnum:275976}} || {{formatnum:276218}} | 283 083||203,92|| 1 389 || align="left" | {{Hessen}} |- align="right" | 25 || align="left" height="30" | [[Mönchengladbach]]|| {{formatnum:258424}}|| {{formatnum:259436}}|| {{formatnum:263014}}|| {{formatnum:257993}}|| {{formatnum:259996}} | 268 465||170,47|| 1 575 || align="left" | {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |- align="right" | 26 || align="left" height="30" | [[Gelsenkirchen]]|| {{formatnum:304386}}|| {{formatnum:293714}}|| {{formatnum:278695}}|| {{formatnum:257981}}|| {{formatnum:260368}} | 263 000||104,94|| 2 506 || align="left" | {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |- align="right" | 27 || align="left" height="30" | [[Aachen]] (Aix-la-Chapelle)|| {{formatnum:243947}}|| {{formatnum:241861}}|| {{formatnum:244386}}|| {{formatnum:258664}}|| {{formatnum:245885}} | 252 136||160,85|| 1 568 || align="left" | {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |- align="right" | 28 || align="left" height="30" | [[Braunschweig]] (Brounswick) || {{formatnum:261141}}|| {{formatnum:258833}}|| {{formatnum:245816}}|| {{formatnum:248867}}|| {{formatnum:251364}} | 251 804||192,17|| 1 307 || align="left" | {{Niedersachsen}} |- align="right" | 29 || align="left" height="30" | [[Chemnitz]]|| {{formatnum:317644}}|| {{formatnum:294244}}|| {{formatnum:259246}}|| {{formatnum:243248}}|| {{formatnum:248645}} | 248 563||220,86|| 1 125 || align="left" | {{Sachsen}} |- align="right" | 30 || align="left" height="30" | [[Kiel]]|| {{formatnum:250062}}|| {{formatnum:245567}}|| {{formatnum:232612}}|| {{formatnum:239526}}|| {{formatnum:246306}} | 247 717||118,65|| 2 088 || align="left" | {{Schleswig-Holstein}} |-align="right" | 31 || align="left" height="30" | [[Halle (Saale)]] || {{formatnum:232294}} || {{formatnum:310234}} || {{formatnum:247736}} || {{formatnum:232963}} || {{formatnum:236991}} | 242 083||135,02|| 1 793 || align="left" | {{Sachsen-Anhalt}} |-align="right" | 32 || align="left" height="30" | [[Magdeburg]] || {{formatnum:289032}} || {{formatnum:278807}} || {{formatnum:231450}} || {{formatnum:231525}} || {{formatnum:235723}} | 239 364||201,00|| 1 191 || align="left" | {{Sachsen-Anhalt}} |-align="right" | 33 || align="left" height="30" | [[Freiburg im Breisgau]] || {{formatnum:175106}} || {{formatnum:191029}} || {{formatnum:205102}} || {{formatnum:224191}} || {{formatnum:226393}} | 236 140||153,06|| 1 543 || align="left" | {{Baden-Württemberg}} |-align="right" | 34 || align="left" height="30" | [[Krefeld]] || {{formatnum:223969}} || {{formatnum:244020}} || {{formatnum:239916}} || {{formatnum:235076}} || {{formatnum:225144}} | 228 426||137,78|| 1 658 || align="left" | {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |- align="right" | 35 || align="left" height="30" | [[Mainz]] (Mayence)|| {{formatnum:187392}}|| {{formatnum:179486}}|| {{formatnum:182870}}|| {{formatnum:199237}}|| {{formatnum:209779}} | 220 552||97,74|| 2 257 || align="left" | {{Rheinland-Pfalz}} |- align="right" | 36 || align="left" height="30" | [[Lübeck]]|| {{formatnum:220588}}|| {{formatnum:214758}}|| {{formatnum:213399}}|| {{formatnum:210232}}|| {{formatnum:216253}} | 218 095||214,21|| 1 018 || align="left" | {{Schleswig-Holstein}} |-align="right" | 37 || align="left" height="30" | [[Erfurt]] || {{formatnum:211575}} || {{formatnum:208989}} || {{formatnum:200564}} || {{formatnum:204994}} || {{formatnum:210118}} | 214 969||269,88|| 796 || align="left" | {{Thüringen}} |- align="right" | 38 || align="left" height="30" | [[Oberhausen]]|| {{formatnum:228947}}|| {{formatnum:223840}}|| {{formatnum:222151}}|| {{formatnum:212945}}|| {{formatnum:210934}} | 210 824||77,10|| 2 735 || align="left" | {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |-align="right" | 39 || align="left" height="30" | [[Rostock]] || {{formatnum:232506}} || {{formatnum:248088}} || {{formatnum:200506}} || {{formatnum:202735}} || {{formatnum:206011}} | 209 920||181,26|| 1 157 || align="left" | {{Mecklenburg-Vorpommern}} |-align="right" | 40 || align="left" height="30" | [[Kassel]] || {{formatnum:195912}} || {{formatnum:194268}} || {{formatnum:194766}} || {{formatnum:195530}} || {{formatnum:197984}} || 204 202||106,78|| 1 912 || align="left" | {{Hessen}} |-align="right" | 41 || align="left" height="30" | [[Hagen]] || {{formatnum:218927}} || {{formatnum:214449}} || {{formatnum:203151}} || {{formatnum:188529}} || {{formatnum:189044}} | 189 783||160,45|| 1 183 || align="left" | {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |- align="right" | 42 || align="left" height="30" | [[Potsdam]]|| {{formatnum:130900}}|| {{formatnum:139794}}|| {{formatnum:129324}}|| {{formatnum:156906}}|| {{formatnum:167745}} | 185 750||188,25|| 987 || align="left" | {{Brandenburg}} |-align="right" | 43 || align="left" height="30" | [[Saarbrücken]] || {{formatnum:193554}} || {{formatnum:191694}} || {{formatnum:183257}} || {{formatnum:175741}} || {{formatnum:178151}} | 181 759||167,09|| 1 085 || align="left" | {{Saarland}} |- align="right" | 44 || align="left" height="30" | [[Hamm]]|| {{formatnum:171869}}|| {{formatnum:179639}}|| {{formatnum:182427}}|| {{formatnum:181783}}|| {{formatnum:179397}} | 180 849||226,43|| 799 || align="left" | {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |- align="right" | 45 || align="left" height="30" | [[Ludwigshafen]]|| {{formatnum:159399}}|| {{formatnum:162233}}|| {{formatnum:163383}}|| {{formatnum:164351}}|| {{formatnum:164718}} | 174 265||77,55|| 2 251 || align="left" | {{Rheinland-Pfalz}} |- align="right" | 46 || align="left" height="30" | [[Oldenburg]]|| {{formatnum:136764}}|| {{formatnum:143131}}|| {{formatnum:154832}}|| {{formatnum:162173}}|| {{formatnum:163830}} | 172 830||102,99|| 1 676 || align="left" | {{Niedersachsen}} |- align="right" | 47 || align="left" height="30" | [[Mülheim an der Ruhr]]|| {{formatnum:181279}}|| {{formatnum:177681}}|| {{formatnum:172862}}|| {{formatnum:167344}}|| {{formatnum:169278}} | 172 404||91,28|| 1 889 || align="left" | {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |- align="right" | 48 || align="left" height="30" | [[Osnabrück]]|| {{formatnum:157367}}|| {{formatnum:163168}}|| {{formatnum:164101}}|| {{formatnum:164119}}|| {{formatnum:162403}} | 167 366||119,79|| 1 397 || align="left" | {{Niedersachsen}} |- align="right" | 49 || align="left" height="30" | [[Leverkusen]]|| {{formatnum:160825}}|| {{formatnum:160919}}|| {{formatnum:161047}}|| {{formatnum:160772}}|| {{formatnum:163487}} | 165 748||78,87|| 2 102 || align="left" |{{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |- align="right" | 50 || align="left" height="30" | [[Heidelberg]]|| {{formatnum:133227}}|| {{formatnum:136796}}|| {{formatnum:140259}}|| {{formatnum:147312}}|| {{formatnum:156267}} | 162 273||108,83|| 1 491 || align="left" |{{Baden-Württemberg}} |- align="right" | 51 || align="left" height="30" | [[Darmstadt]]|| {{formatnum:138201}}|| {{formatnum:138920}}|| {{formatnum:138242}}|| {{formatnum:144402}}|| {{formatnum:155353}} | 162 243||122,09|| 1 329 || align="left" | {{Hessen}} |- align="right" | 52 || align="left" height="30" | [[Solingen]]|| {{formatnum:166085}}|| {{formatnum:165401}}|| {{formatnum:164973}}|| {{formatnum:159927}}|| {{formatnum:158726}} | 160 643||89,54|| 1 794 || align="left" | {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |- align="right" | 53 || align="left" height="30" | [[Regensburg]] (Ratisbonne)|| {{formatnum:132604}}|| {{formatnum:121691}}|| {{formatnum:125676}}|| {{formatnum:135520}}|| {{formatnum:145465}} | 157 443||80,70|| 1 947 || align="left" | {{Bayern}} |- align="right" | 54 || align="left" height="30" | [[Herne]]|| {{formatnum:182542}}|| {{formatnum:178132}}|| {{formatnum:174529}}|| {{formatnum:164762}}|| {{formatnum:155851}} | 157 368||51,42|| 3 060 || align="left" | {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |-align="right" | 55 || align="left" height="30" | [[Paderborn]] || {{formatnum:110155}} || {{formatnum:120680}} || {{formatnum:139084}} || {{formatnum:146283}} || {{formatnum:148126}} | 154 755||179,60|| 862 || align="left" | {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |- align="right" | 56 || 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align="left" | {{Bavaria}} |- align="right" | 252|| align="left" height="30" | [[Brilon]] || || || || |25.456|| align="left" | {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |- align="right" | 250|| align="left" height="30" | [[Eisenhüttenstadt]] || || || || |24.703|| align="left" | {{Brandenburg}} |- align="right" | 355....|| align="left" height="30" | [[Oberndorf am Neckar]] || || || || |14.853|| align="left" | {{Baden Württemberg}} |} |} [[Sokajy:Alemaina]] [[Sokajy:Tanàna ao Alemaina]] rpe0it7hyhk4t9ked79iq1i5jaao71v 1142495 1142494 2026-06-10T14:35:41Z HarryWurst 36292 /* Tanana -100 000 mponina */ 1142495 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Germany.svg|thumb|Saina alemana]] [[Sary:Museumsinsel Berlin Juli 2021 1 (cropped) b.jpg|vignette|[[Berlin]]]] Inty ny '''lisitry ny tanàna ny Alemaina''' izay ahitana tanàna misy mponina mihoatra ny 100&nbsp;000 sy latsaky ny 100&nbsp;000. == Tanana + 100 000 mponina == Inty ny lisitry ny tanàna misy mponina mihoatra ny 100&nbsp;000. {| class="wikitable sortable" ! align="center" | ! align="center" | Tanana ! align="center" data-sort-type="number" | 1980 ! align="center" data-sort-typpe="number" | 1990 ! align="center" data-sort-type="number" | 2000 ! align="center" data-sort-type="number" | 2010 ! align="center" data-sort-type="number" | 2015 !2022 ! align="center" | velarantany (km2) ! align="center"| mpo./km2 ! align="center" | [[fanjakana]] |-align="right" | 1 || align="left" height="30" | {{Berlin}} || {{formatnum:3048759}} || {{formatnum:3433695}} || {{formatnum:3382169}} || {{formatnum:3460725}} || {{formatnum:3520031}} |3 755 251 || 891,68 || 4 214 || align="left" | {{Berlin}} |-align="right" | 2 || align="left" height="30" | {{Hamburg}} || {{formatnum:1645095}} || {{formatnum:1652363}} || {{formatnum:1715392}} || {{formatnum:1786448}} || {{formatnum:1787408}} | 1 892 122||755,30|| 2 506 || align="left" | {{Hamburg}} |-align="right" | 3 || align="left" height="30" | [[München]] ([[:fr:Munich]]) || {{formatnum:1298941}} || {{formatnum:1229026}} || {{formatnum:1210223}} || {{formatnum:1353186}} || {{formatnum:1450381}} | 1 512 491||310,70|| 4 868 || align="left" | {{Bayern}} (Bavière) |-align="right" | 4 || align="left" height="30" | [[Köln]] (Cologne) || {{formatnum:976694}} || {{formatnum:953551}} || {{formatnum:962884}} || {{formatnum:1007119}} || {{formatnum:1060582}} | 1 084 831||405,02|| 2 679 || align="left" | {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} (Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie) |-align="right" | 5 || align="left" height="30" | [[Franckfort/Main|Frankfurt/Main]] || {{formatnum:629375}} || {{formatnum:644865}} || {{formatnum:646550}} || {{formatnum:679664}} || {{formatnum:732688}} | 773 068||248,31|| 3 113 || align="left" | {{Hessen}} (Hesse) |-align="right" | 6 || align="left" height="30" | [[Stuttgart]] || {{formatnum:580648}} || {{formatnum:579988}} || {{formatnum:583874}} || {{formatnum:606588}} || {{formatnum:623738}} | 632 865||207,35|| 3 052 || align="left" | {{Baden-Württemberg}} |-align="right" | 7 || align="left" height="30" | [[Düsseldorf]] || {{formatnum:590479}} || {{formatnum:575794}} || {{formatnum:569364}} || {{formatnum:588735}} || {{formatnum:612178}} | 629 047||217,41|| 2 893 || align="left" | {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |- align="right" | 8 || align="left" height="30" | [[Leipzig]]|| {{formatnum:562480}}|| {{formatnum:511079}}|| {{formatnum:493208}}|| {{formatnum:522883}}|| {{formatnum:560472}} | 616 093||297,39|| 2 069 || align="left" | {{Sachsen}} |- align="right" | 9 || align="left" height="30" | [[Dortmund]]|| {{formatnum:608297}}|| {{formatnum:599055}}|| {{formatnum:588994}}|| {{formatnum:580444}}|| {{formatnum:586181}} | 593 317||280,71|| 2 114 || align="left" | {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |- align="right" | 10 || align="left" height="30" | [[Essen]]|| {{formatnum:647643}}|| {{formatnum:626973}}|| {{formatnum:595243}}|| {{formatnum:574635}}|| {{formatnum:582624}} | 584 580||210,34|| 2 779 || align="left" | {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |-align="right" | 11 || align="left" 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height="30" | [[Bonn]] || {{formatnum:288148}} || {{formatnum:292234}} || {{formatnum:302247}} || {{formatnum:324899}} || {{formatnum:318809}} | 336 465||141,06|| 2 385 || align="left" | {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |-align="right" | 20 || align="left" height="30" | [[Münster]] || {{formatnum:269696}} || {{formatnum:259438}} || {{formatnum:265609}} || {{formatnum:279803}} || {{formatnum:310039}} | 320.946||303,28|| 1 058 || align="left" | {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |- align="right" | 21 || align="left" height="30" | [[Mannheim]]|| {{formatnum:304303}}|| {{formatnum:310411}}|| {{formatnum:306729}}|| {{formatnum:313174}}|| {{formatnum:305780}} | 315 554||144,96|| 2 177 || align="left" | {{Baden-Württemberg}} |- align="right" | 22 || align="left" height="30" | [[Karlsruhe]]|| {{formatnum:271892}}|| {{formatnum:275061}}|| {{formatnum:278558}}|| {{formatnum:294761}}|| {{formatnum:307755}} | 308 707||173,46|| 1 780 || align="left" | {{Baden-Württemberg}} |-align="right" | 23 || align="left" 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| [[Aachen]] (Aix-la-Chapelle)|| {{formatnum:243947}}|| {{formatnum:241861}}|| {{formatnum:244386}}|| {{formatnum:258664}}|| {{formatnum:245885}} | 252 136||160,85|| 1 568 || align="left" | {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |- align="right" | 28 || align="left" height="30" | [[Braunschweig]] (Brounswick) || {{formatnum:261141}}|| {{formatnum:258833}}|| {{formatnum:245816}}|| {{formatnum:248867}}|| {{formatnum:251364}} | 251 804||192,17|| 1 307 || align="left" | {{Niedersachsen}} |- align="right" | 29 || align="left" height="30" | [[Chemnitz]]|| {{formatnum:317644}}|| {{formatnum:294244}}|| {{formatnum:259246}}|| {{formatnum:243248}}|| {{formatnum:248645}} | 248 563||220,86|| 1 125 || align="left" | {{Sachsen}} |- align="right" | 30 || align="left" height="30" | [[Kiel]]|| {{formatnum:250062}}|| {{formatnum:245567}}|| {{formatnum:232612}}|| {{formatnum:239526}}|| {{formatnum:246306}} | 247 717||118,65|| 2 088 || align="left" | {{Schleswig-Holstein}} |-align="right" | 31 || align="left" 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|50 535|| align="left" | {{Niedersachsen}} |- |193 |[[Goslar]] |52 556 |46 251 |44 278 |40 989 |50 203 |{{Niedersachsen}} |- align="right" | 194 | | align="left" height="30" | [[Willich]] || {{formatnum:39115}} || {{formatnum:42416}} || {{formatnum:50300}} || {{formatnum:51995}} |50 144|| align="left" | {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |- |188 |[[Bad Oeynhausen]] | | | | |50.600 |{{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |- |195 |[[Heidenheim an der Brenz]] |48 585 |50 532 |51 301 |48 164 |50 025 |{{Baden-Württemberg}} |-align="right" |- align="right" | 196 || align="left" height="30" | [[Hennef]] || || || || |48 144|| align="left" | {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |- align="right" | 197 || align="left" height="30" | [[Gotha]]|| || || || |43.400|| align="left" | {{Thüringen}} |- align="right" | ... || align="left" height="30" | [] || || || || ||| align="left" | |- align="right" | 240|| align="left" height="30" | [[Soest]] || || || || |47.776|| align="left" | {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |- align="right" | 250|| align="left" height="30" | [[Walsrode]] || || || || | 30.500|| align="left" | {{Niedersachsen}} |- align="right" | 251|| align="left" height="30" | [[Garmisch-Partenkirchen]] || || || || | 28.088|| align="left" | {{Bavaria}} |- align="right" | 252|| align="left" height="30" | [[Brilon]] || || || || |25.456|| align="left" | {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |- align="right" | 250|| align="left" height="30" | [[Eisenhüttenstadt]] || || || || |24.703|| align="left" | {{Brandenburg}} |- align="right" | 355....|| align="left" height="30" | [[Oberndorf am Neckar]] || || || || |14.853|| align="left" | {{Baden-Württemberg}} |} |} [[Sokajy:Alemaina]] [[Sokajy:Tanàna ao Alemaina]] 21ltosyda6zmgdv82e2e04s819n0leq 1142517 1142495 2026-06-10T15:41:11Z HarryWurst 36292 /* Tanana -100 000 mponina */ 1142517 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Flag of Germany.svg|thumb|Saina alemana]] [[Sary:Museumsinsel Berlin Juli 2021 1 (cropped) b.jpg|vignette|[[Berlin]]]] Inty ny '''lisitry ny tanàna ny Alemaina''' izay ahitana tanàna misy mponina mihoatra ny 100&nbsp;000 sy latsaky ny 100&nbsp;000. == Tanana + 100 000 mponina == Inty ny lisitry ny tanàna misy mponina mihoatra ny 100&nbsp;000. {| class="wikitable sortable" ! align="center" | ! align="center" | Tanana ! align="center" data-sort-type="number" | 1980 ! align="center" data-sort-typpe="number" | 1990 ! align="center" data-sort-type="number" | 2000 ! align="center" data-sort-type="number" | 2010 ! align="center" data-sort-type="number" | 2015 !2022 ! align="center" | velarantany (km2) ! align="center"| mpo./km2 ! align="center" | [[fanjakana]] |-align="right" | 1 || align="left" height="30" | {{Berlin}} || {{formatnum:3048759}} || {{formatnum:3433695}} || {{formatnum:3382169}} || {{formatnum:3460725}} || {{formatnum:3520031}} |3 755 251 || 891,68 || 4 214 || align="left" | {{Berlin}} |-align="right" | 2 || align="left" height="30" | {{Hamburg}} || {{formatnum:1645095}} || {{formatnum:1652363}} || {{formatnum:1715392}} || {{formatnum:1786448}} || {{formatnum:1787408}} | 1 892 122||755,30|| 2 506 || align="left" | {{Hamburg}} |-align="right" | 3 || align="left" height="30" | [[München]] ([[:fr:Munich]]) || {{formatnum:1298941}} || {{formatnum:1229026}} || {{formatnum:1210223}} || {{formatnum:1353186}} || {{formatnum:1450381}} | 1 512 491||310,70|| 4 868 || align="left" | {{Bayern}} (Bavière) |-align="right" | 4 || align="left" height="30" | [[Köln]] (Cologne) || {{formatnum:976694}} || {{formatnum:953551}} || {{formatnum:962884}} || {{formatnum:1007119}} || {{formatnum:1060582}} | 1 084 831||405,02|| 2 679 || align="left" | {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} (Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie) |-align="right" | 5 || align="left" height="30" | [[Franckfort/Main|Frankfurt/Main]] || {{formatnum:629375}} || {{formatnum:644865}} || {{formatnum:646550}} || {{formatnum:679664}} || {{formatnum:732688}} | 773 068||248,31|| 3 113 || align="left" | {{Hessen}} (Hesse) |-align="right" | 6 || align="left" height="30" | [[Stuttgart]] || {{formatnum:580648}} || 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{{formatnum:102355}} | 102 560||114,69|| 894 || align="left" | {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |- |79 |[[Gütersloh]] |78 211 |86 807 |95 158 |96 404 | - |102 393 |111,99 |914 |{{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |- align="right" | 80 || align="left" height="30" | [[Hildesheim]] || {{formatnum:102619}} || {{formatnum:105291}} || {{formatnum:103909}} || {{formatnum:102794}} || {{formatnum:101667}} | 101 858|| 92,18 || 1 104 || align="left" | {{Niedersachsen}} |- |81 |[[Hanau]] |{{formatnum:86402}} |86 913 |88 294 |88 637 | - |101 364 |76,49 |1 321 |{{Hessen}} |- |82 |[[Kaiserslautern]] |98 745 |99 351 |99 825 |99 184 | - |101 228 |139,74 |725 |{{Rheinland-Pfalz}} |} == Tanana -100 000 mponina == Inty ny lisitry ny tanàna misy mponina latsaky ny 100&nbsp;000. {| class="wikitable sortable" ! align="center" | ! align="center" | Tanana ! align="center" data-sort-type="number" | 1980 ! align="center" data-sort-type="number" | 1990 ! align="center" data-sort-type="number" | 2000 ! align="center" 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Weinstraße]]|| {{formatnum:50328}}|| {{formatnum:51988}}|| {{formatnum:53917}}|| {{formatnum:53506}} |53 981|| align="left" | {{Rheinland-Pfalz}} |- align="right" | 177 || align="left" height="30" | [[Passau]]|| {{formatnum:50698}}|| {{formatnum:50328}}|| {{formatnum:50536}}|| {{formatnum:50594}} |53 907|| align="left" | {{Bayern}} |- |178 |[[Kleve]] (Clèves) |44 026 |45 963 |48 662 |49 477 |53 388 |{{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |- align="right" | 179 || align="left" height="30" | [[Ahlen]]|| {{formatnum:54192}}|| {{formatnum:54169}}|| {{formatnum:55631}}|| {{formatnum:54745}} |53 348|| align="left" | {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |- |180 |[[Frechen]] |43 483 |44 360 |47 019 |49 939 |52 811 |{{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |- align="right" | 181 || align="left" height="30" | [[Wolfenbüttel]]|| {{formatnum:50256}}|| {{formatnum:52032}}|| {{formatnum:54690}}|| {{formatnum:54124}} |52 681|| align="left" | {{Niedersachsen}} |- |182 |[[Bad Kreuznach]] |41 143 |40 950 |43 164 |43 703 |52 529 |{{Rheinland-Pfalz}} |- align="right" | 183 || align="left" height="30" | [[Menden (Sauerland)|Menden]]|| {{formatnum:53337}}|| {{formatnum:56527}}|| {{formatnum:59239}}|| {{formatnum:57599}} |52 485|| align="left" | {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |- align="right" | 184 || align="left" height="30" | [[Ibbenbüren]]|| {{formatnum:42323}}|| {{formatnum:44643}}|| {{formatnum:48843}}|| {{formatnum:51552}} |52 421|| align="left" | {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |- align="right" | 185 || align="left" height="30" | [[Gummersbach]]|| {{formatnum:48660}}|| {{formatnum:50965}}|| {{formatnum:53311}}|| {{formatnum:52636}} |52 001|| align="left" | {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |- |186 |[[Ravensburg]] |42 269 |45 650 |47 525 |49 774 |51 482 |{{Baden-Württemberg}} |- |187 |[[Böblingen]] |41 505 |44 903 |45 838 |46 488 |51 460 |{{Baden-Württemberg}} |- |188 |[[Peine]] |47 591 |46 654 |49 494 |48 743 |51 411 |{{Niedersachsen}} |- |189 |[[Speyer]] |43 864 |46 553 |49 776 |49 857 |51 368 |{{Rheinland-Pfalz}} |- |190 |[[Rastatt]] |37 297 |42 241 |46 437 |47 554 |51 310 |{{Baden-Württemberg}} |- |191 |[[Elmshorn]] |41 439 |43 689 |47 391 |48 924 |50 772 |{{Schleswig-Holstein}} |- align="right" | 192 || align="left" height="30" | [[Emden]] || {{formatnum:51186}} || {{formatnum:50735}} || {{formatnum:50963}} || {{formatnum:51742}} |50 535|| align="left" | {{Niedersachsen}} |- |193 |[[Goslar]] |52 556 |46 251 |44 278 |40 989 |50 203 |{{Niedersachsen}} |- align="right" | 194 | | align="left" height="30" | [[Willich]] || {{formatnum:39115}} || {{formatnum:42416}} || {{formatnum:50300}} || {{formatnum:51995}} |50 144|| align="left" | {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |- |188 |[[Bad Oeynhausen]] | | | | |50.600 |{{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |- |195 |[[Heidenheim an der Brenz]] |48 585 |50 532 |51 301 |48 164 |50 025 |{{Baden-Württemberg}} |-align="right" |- align="right" | 196 || align="left" height="30" | [[Hennef]] || || || || |48 144|| align="left" | {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |- align="right" | 197 || align="left" height="30" | [[Gotha]]|| || || || |43.400|| align="left" | {{Thüringen}} |- align="right" | 198 || align="left" height="30" | [[Eisenach]]|| || || || |42.700|| align="left" | {{Thüringen}} |- align="right" | ... || align="left" height="30" | [] || || || || ||| align="left" | |- align="right" | 240|| align="left" height="30" | [[Soest]] || || || || |47.776|| align="left" | {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |- align="right" | 250|| align="left" height="30" | [[Walsrode]] || || || || | 30.500|| align="left" | {{Niedersachsen}} |- align="right" | 251|| align="left" height="30" | [[Garmisch-Partenkirchen]] || || || || | 28.088|| align="left" | {{Bavaria}} |- align="right" | 252|| align="left" height="30" | [[Brilon]] || || || || |25.456|| align="left" | {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}} |- align="right" | 250|| align="left" height="30" | [[Eisenhüttenstadt]] || || || || |24.703|| align="left" | {{Brandenburg}} |- align="right" | 355....|| align="left" height="30" | [[Oberndorf am Neckar]] || || || || |14.853|| align="left" | {{Baden-Württemberg}} |} |} [[Sokajy:Alemaina]] [[Sokajy:Tanàna ao Alemaina]] fiy4qs0stxe05wgume9i37ys6tfuegu 0 286028 1142485 1076954 2026-06-10T14:06:05Z HarryWurst 36292 1142485 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Pays | nom_local1=Baden-Württemnberg | langue1=et | | langue=[[Fiteny alemàna]] | nom_malgache=Baden-Württemberg | de=de | image_drapeau=Flag of Baden-Württemberg.svg | lien_drapeau=Baden-Württemberg | image_blason=Greater coat of arms of Baden-Württemberg.svg | lien_blason= | image_carte=Locator map Baden-Württemberg in Germany.svg | devise=Wir fahren Mercedes, im schönen Schwabenland | langues= [[Fiteny alemàna]] | capitale=[[Stuttgart]] | coordonnées_capitale={{coord|48|47|N|09|11|E}} | lien_villes= | titre_plus_grande_ville=Tanàna ngeza indrindra | plus_grande_ville= | type_gouvernement=[[Repoblika]] | titres_dirigeants= [[Praiminisitra]] | noms_dirigeants=[[:de:Winfried Kretschmann]] | superficie_rang= | superficie_totale=35.751,46 | pourcentage_eau= | population_rang= | population_totale=11.280.257 | population_année=2022 | densité= | type_indépendance= | pays_indépendance= | date_indépendance= | pays frontaliers= | gentilé=alemàna | IDH= | IDH_année= | IDH_catégorie= | IDH_rang= | monnaie=[[Euro]] | code_monnaie=EUR | fuseau_horaire=+2 | hymne_national= | domaine_internet= .de | indicatif_téléphonique=49 }} Ny '''''Baden-Württemberg''''' ([[Fiteny frantsay|frantsay]]: ''Bade-Wurtemberg'') dia fanjakana federaly any [[Alemaina]], ny renivohiny dia [[Stuttgart]]. Misy mponina 11.280.257 any. ==Ony== * [[Rhin]] sy [[Neckar]] ==Farihy== *[[Bodensee]] ==Toekarena== [[Mercedes-Benz]], [[Porsche]] sy [[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]] ==Baolina kitra== *[[VfB Stuttgart]], [[SC Freiburg]], [[1.FC Heidenheim]], [[TSG 1899 Hoffenheim]] sy [[Karlsruher SC]]. [[Sokajy:Baden-Württemberg]] [[Sokajy:Fanjakana federaly any Alemaina]] 0asyhy9ma2uc5umfnttx8as2wh4wq3q 0 286262 1142551 1101747 2026-06-11T02:14:41Z HarryWurst 36292 1142551 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Hamburger SV logo.svg|thumb|left|Hamburger SV]] I '''''Hamburger SV''''' (HSV) dia klioba ara-panatanjahantena ao an-tanànan'i [[Hamburg]], {{Alemaina}}. ==Fahombiazana:== * Tompondaka alemà: 1923, 1928, 1960, 1979, 1982, 1983 * Tompondakan'i Eoropa: 1983 * Mpandresy ny [[amboara alemana]]: 1963, 1976, 1987 * Mpandresy ny [[amboara eropeana]]: 1977 ==Mpilalao fanta-daza== *[[Franz Beckenbauer]] (1980–1982) *[[Thomas von Heesen]] (1980–1994) *[[Kevin Keegan]] (1977–1980) *[[Uwe Seeler]] (1953–1972) *[[Uli Stein]] (1980–1987 sy 1994–1995) *[[Horst Hrubesch]] (1978–1983) *[[Felix Magath]] (1976–1986) *[[Thomas Doll]] (1990–1991 sy 1998-2001) *[[Georg Volkert]] (1971-1978]] *[[Manfred Kaltz]] ==Jereo koa== *[[Bundesliga]] == Rohy ivelany == {{commons category}} [[Sokajy:Klioba baolina kitra ao Alemaina]] [[Sokajy:Hamburg]] 58zn05u6r5o8nwvtz5b8jk95w05vn5v 1142552 1142551 2026-06-11T02:15:25Z HarryWurst 36292 1142552 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Hamburger SV logo.svg|thumb|left|Hamburger SV]] I '''''Hamburger SV''''' (HSV) dia klioba ara-panatanjahantena ao an-tanànan'i [[Hamburg]], {{Alemaina}}. ==Fahombiazana:== * Tompondaka alemà: 1923, 1928, 1960, 1979, 1982, 1983 * Tompondakan'i Eoropa: 1983 * Mpandresy ny [[amboara alemana]]: 1963, 1976, 1987 * Mpandresy ny [[amboara eropeana]]: 1977 ==Mpilalao fanta-daza== *[[Franz Beckenbauer]] (1980–1982) *[[Thomas von Heesen]] (1980–1994) *[[Kevin Keegan]] (1977–1980) *[[Uwe Seeler]] (1953–1972) *[[Uli Stein]] (1980–1987 sy 1994–1995) *[[Horst Hrubesch]] (1978–1983) *[[Felix Magath]] (1976–1986) *[[Thomas Doll]] (1990–1991 sy 1998-2001) *[[Georg Volkert]] (1971-1978]] *[[Manfred Kaltz]] (1971-1991] ==Jereo koa== *[[Bundesliga]] == Rohy ivelany == {{commons category}} [[Sokajy:Klioba baolina kitra ao Alemaina]] [[Sokajy:Hamburg]] epn7tu0rpuf1dgtlbdjzs2ik096zpis 0 288018 1142543 1107529 2026-06-11T01:04:22Z HarryWurst 36292 1142543 wikitext text/x-wiki {{coord|53|21|N|06|16|W}} {{infobox tanàna |tanàna=Dublin |firenena= {{Irlanda}} |isam-ponina=592.713 |velarantany= 117.8 | haavo = 20 |ben'ny tanàna= |sary=(Ireland) Dublin Castle Up Yard.JPG | saina = }} [[File:Flag of Dublin.svg|thumb|left|Flag of Dublin]] I '''Dublin''' dia tanàna renivohitr'i [[Irlanda]]. == Jereo koa == * [[Irlanda]] {{commonscat}} {{reflist}} [[sokajy:Tanàna ao Irlanda]] [[sokajy:Irlanda]] [[Sokajy:Renivohitra any Eoropa]] [[Sokajy:Seranan-tsambo ao Irlanda]] os0xv57y9fnwr6cgp78ftpm27f0ss27 0 288482 1142571 1129227 2026-06-11T02:34:09Z HarryWurst 36292 /* Tompondaka */ 1142571 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Frankfurter Buchmesse 2015 - Meisterschale.JPG|thumb|Ny amboara tompon-daka]] Ny '''Bundesliga''' (indraindray antsoina hoe ''Bundesliga faha-1'' voalohany hanavahana azy amin'ny [[Bundesliga faha-2]]) no fizarana ambony indrindra amin'ny [[baolina kitra]] lehilahy any {{Alemaina}}. ==Tompondaka alemà: 2024/2025== Tompon-daka: [[FC Bayern München]] *Ka nasaina: [[Holstein Kiel]] sy [[VfL Bochum]] ==Tompondaka alemà: 2023/2024== Tompon-daka: [[Bayer 04 Leverkusen]] *Ka nasaina: [[1.FC Köln]] sy [[SV Darmstadt 98]] *Kintana miakatra: [[FC St.Pauli]] sy [[Holstein Kiel]] ===Klioba & stades 2024/25=== {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;" |- ! Klioba ! Tanàna ! Kianja ! Mpijery ! class="unsortable" | Ref. |- | data-sort-value="Augsburg" | [[FC Augsburg]] | [[Augsburg]] | [[Augsburg Arena|WWK Arena]] | 30,660 | style="text-align:center"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fcaugsburg.de/page/stadion-zahlen-und-fakten-73|title= WWK Arena|website=fcaugsburg.de|publisher=FC Augsburg|language=de|access-date=19 May 2024}}</ref> |- | data-sort-value="Berlin, Union" | [[1.FC Union Berlin|Union Berlin]] | [[Berlin]] | [[Stadion An der Alten Försterei]] | 22,012 | style="text-align:center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fc-union-berlin.de/en/stadium/home/|title=Our home since 1920|website=fc-union-berlin.de|publisher=1.FC Union Berlin|access-date=19 May 2024}}</ref> |- | data-sort-value="Bochum" | [[VfL Bochum]] | [[Bochum]] | [[Ruhrstadion|Vonovia Ruhrstadion]] | 26,000 | style="text-align:center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vfl-bochum.de/de/stadion/zahlen-fakten|title=Vonovia Ruhrstadion|website=vfl-bochum.de|publisher=VfL Bochum|language=de|access-date=27 May 2024}}</ref> |- | data-sort-value="Bremen" | [[SV Werder Bremen|Werder Bremen]] | [[Bremen]] | [[Weserstadion]] | 42,100 | style="text-align:center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.werder.de/stadion/weserstadion/das-weserstadion/|title=Das Weserstadion|website=werder.de|publisher=SV Werder Bremen|language=de|access-date=3 July 2024|archive-date=2024-09-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240911214848/https://www.werder.de/stadion/weserstadion/das-weserstadion/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | data-sort-value="Dortmund" | [[Borussia Dortmund]] | [[Dortmund]] | [[Westfalenstadion|Signal Iduna Park]] | 81,365 | style="text-align:center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bvb.de/Der-BVB/Signal-Iduna-Park/SIGNAL-IDUNA-PARK |title=Signal Iduna Park|language=de|website=bvb.de|publisher=Borussia Dortmund|access-date=19 May 2024}}</ref> |- | data-sort-value="Frankfurt" | [[Eintracht Frankfurt]] | [[Franckfort/Main]] | [[Waldstadion (Frankfurt)|Deutsche Bank Park]] | 58,000 | style="text-align:center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deutschebankpark.de/der-dbp/daten-und-fakten/|title=Der Deutsche Bank Park – Daten und Fakten|website=deutschebankpark.de|publisher=Deutsche Bank Park|access-date=19 May 2024 |language=de}}</ref> |- | data-sort-value="Freiburg" | [[SC Freiburg]] | [[Freiburg im Breisgau]] | [[Europa-Park Stadion]] | 34,700 | style="text-align:center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scfreiburg.com/stadion/europa-park-stadion/|title= Europa-Park Stadion|website=scfreiburg.com|publisher=SC Freiburg|access-date=19 May 2024|language=de}}</ref> |- | data-sort-value="Heidenheim" | [[1.FC Heidenheim]] | [[Heidenheim an der Brenz|Heidenheim]] | [[Voith-Arena]] | 15,000 | style="text-align:center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.voith-arena.de/voith-arena/daten-u-fakten.html|title=Voith Arena – Daten und Fakten|language=de|website=voith-arena.de|publisher=Voith Arena|access-date=19 May 2024}}</ref> |- | data-sort-value="Hoffenheim" | [[TSG 1899 Hoffenheim|TSG Hoffenheim]] | [[Sinsheim]] | [[Rhein-Neckar-Arena|PreZero Arena]] | 30,150 | style="text-align:center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tsg-hoffenheim.de/en/tsg/stadium/facts-and-figures/|title=The PreZero Arena in numbers|website=tsg-hoffenheim.de|publisher=TSG 1899 Hoffenheim |access-date=19 May 2024}}</ref> |- | data-sort-value="Kiel" | [[Holstein Kiel]] | [[Kiel]] | [[Holstein-Stadion]] | 15,034 | style="text-align:center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.holstein-kiel.de/stadion-ticket-infos/holstein-stadion/|title=Holstein-Stadion – Zahlen, Daten, Fakten|website=holstein-kiel.de|language=de|access-date=19 May 2024}}</ref> |- | data-sort-value="Leipzig" | [[RB Leipzig]] | [[Leipzig]] | [[Red Bull Arena (Leipzig)|Red Bull Arena]] | 47,069 | style="text-align:center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rbleipzig.com/en/club/red-bull-arena/|title=Red Bull Arena|website=rbleipzig.com|publisher=RasenBallsport Leipzig|access-date=19 May 2024|archive-date=2024-09-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240911131325/https://rbleipzig.com/en/club/red-bull-arena/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | data-sort-value="Leverkusen" | [[Bayer 04 Leverkusen|Bayer Leverkusen]] | [[Leverkusen]] | [[BayArena]] | 30,210 | style="text-align:center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bayer04.de/en-us/page/bayarena#info|title=BayArena|website=bayer04.de|publisher=Bayer 04 Leverkusen|access-date=19 May 2024}}</ref> |- | data-sort-value="Mainz" | [[1.FSV Mainz 05|Mainz 05]] | [[Mainz]] | [[Mewa Arena]] | 33,305 | style="text-align:center"|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mainz05.de/arena|title=Mewa Arena|website=mainz05.de |publisher=1. FSV Mainz 05|language=de|access-date=19 May 2024}}</ref> |- | data-sort-value="Monchengladbach" | [[Borussia Mönchengladbach]] | [[Mönchengladbach]] | [[Borussia-Park]] | 54,042 | style="text-align:center|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.borussia.de/de/borussia-park/fakten/stadionzahlen|title=Borussia-Park|website=borussia.de|publisher=Borussia Mönchengladbach|access-date=19 May 2024|language=de}}</ref> |- | data-sort-value="Munich" | [[FC Bayern München]] | [[Munich]]/ [[München]] | [[Allianz Arena]] | 75,000 | style="text-align:center"|<ref>{{cite news|url=https://allianz-arena.com/en/arena/facts/general-information|title=General information – Allianz Arena|website=allianz-arena.com|publisher=FC Bayern München AG|access-date=19 May 2024|language=de}}</ref> |- | data-sort-value="St Pauli" | [[FC St.Pauli]] | [[Hamburg]] | [[Millerntor-Stadion]] | 29,546 | style="text-align:center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fcstpauli.com/verein/millerntor-stadion/|title=Millerntor-Stadion|website=fcstpauli.com|access-date=19 May 2024|language=de}}</ref> |- | data-sort-value="Stuttgart" | [[VfB Stuttgart]] | [[Stuttgart]] | [[MHPArena]] | 60,058 | style="text-align:center"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Extensive refurbishment work completed: MHP Arena Stuttgart shines in new splendor|url=https://www.mhp.com/fileadmin/www.mhp.com/NEWS/pics/MHP_en_press_release_Modernization-MHPArena.pdf|date=17 April 2024|access-date=9 May 2024|work=mhp.com|publisher=MHP Management- und IT-Beratung}}</ref> |- | data-sort-value="Wolfsburg" | [[VfL Wolfsburg]] | [[Wolfsburg]] | [[Volkswagen Arena]] | 28,917 | style="text-align:center"|<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kicker.de/wolfsburg-praesentiert-echte-stadionkapazitaet-und-neue-kampagne-963123/artikel|publisher=kicker.de|title=Wolfsburg präsentiert "echte" Stadionkapazität und neue Kampagne|access-date=19 May 2024|language=de}}</ref> |} ==Tompondaka== {| |- |valign="top" | {| class="wikitable" |- ! Season ! Champions<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.dfb.de/index.php?id=82905 |title=Deutsche Meister der Männer |language=de |publisher=dfb.de |access-date=4 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329232034/https://www.dfb.de/index.php?id=82905 |archive-date=29 March 2014 }}</ref> |- | [[1963–64 Bundesliga|1963–64]] || [[1.FC Köln]] |- | [[1964–65 Bundesliga|1964–65]] || [[SV Werder Bremen|Werder Bremen]] |- | [[1965–66 Bundesliga|1965–66]] || [[1860 München]] (1) |- | [[1966–67 Bundesliga|1966–67]] || [[Eintracht Braunschweig]] (1) |- | [[1967–68 Bundesliga|1967–68]] || [[1.FC Nürnberg]] (1) |- | [[1968–69 Bundesliga|1968–69]] || [[FC Bayern München]] |- | [[1969–70 Bundesliga|1969–70]] || rowspan="2" | [[Borussia Mönchengladbach]] |- | [[1970–71 Bundesliga|1970–71]] |- | [[1971–72 Bundesliga|1971–72]] || rowspan="3" | [[FC Bayern München]] |- | [[1972–73 Bundesliga|1972–73]] |- | [[1973–74 Bundesliga|1973–74]] |- | [[1974–75 Bundesliga|1974–75]] || rowspan="3" | [[Borussia Mönchengladbach]] |- | [[1975–76 Bundesliga|1975–76]] |- | [[1976–77 Bundesliga|1976–77]] |- | [[1977–78 Bundesliga|1977–78]] || [[1.FC Köln]] |- | [[1978–79 Bundesliga|1978–79]] || [[Hamburger SV]] |- | [[1979–80 Bundesliga|1979–80]] || rowspan="2" | [[FC Bayern München]] |- | [[1980–81 Bundesliga|1980–81]] |- | [[1981–82 Bundesliga|1981–82]] || rowspan="2" | [[Hamburger SV]] |- | [[1982–83 Bundesliga|1982–83]] |- | [[1983–84 Bundesliga|1983–84]] || [[VfB Stuttgart]] |- | [[1984–85 Bundesliga|1984–85]] || rowspan="3" | [[FC Bayern München]] |- | [[1985–86 Bundesliga|1985–86]] |- | [[1986–87 Bundesliga|1986–87]] |- | [[1987–88 Bundesliga|1987–88]] || [[SV Werder Bremen|Werder Bremen]] |- | [[1988–89 Bundesliga|1988–89]] || rowspan="2" | [[FC Bayern München]] |- | [[1989–90 Bundesliga|1989–90]] |- | [[1990–91 Bundesliga|1990–91]] || [[1.FC Kaiserslautern]] |- | [[1991–92 Bundesliga|1991–92]] || [[VfB Stuttgart]] |- | [[1992–93 Bundesliga|1992–93]] || [[SV Werder Bremen|Werder Bremen]] |- | [[1993–94 Bundesliga|1993–94]] || [[FC Bayern München]] |- | [[1994–95 Bundesliga|1994–95]] || rowspan="2" | [[Borussia Dortmund]] |- | [[1995–96 Bundesliga|1995–96]] |- | [[1996–97 Bundesliga|1996–97]] || [[FC Bayern München]] |- | [[1997–98 Bundesliga|1997–98]] || [[1.FC Kaiserslautern]] (2) |- | [[1998–99 Bundesliga|1998–99]] || rowspan="3" | [[FC Bayern München]] |- | [[1999–2000 Bundesliga|1999–2000]] |- | [[2000–01 Bundesliga|2000–01]] |- | [[2001–02 Bundesliga|2001–02]] || [[Borussia Dortmund]] |- | [[2002–03 Bundesliga|2002–03]] || [[FC Bayern München]] |- | [[2003–04 Bundesliga|2003–04]] || [[SV Werder Bremen|Werder Bremen]] |- | [[2004–05 Bundesliga|2004–05]] || rowspan="2" | [[FC Bayern München]] |- | [[2005–06 Bundesliga|2005–06]] |- | [[2006–07 Bundesliga|2006–07]] || [[VfB Stuttgart]] |- | [[2007–08 Bundesliga|2007–08]] || [[FC Bayern München]] |- | [[2008–09 Bundesliga|2008–09]] || [[VfL Wolfsburg]] (1) |- | [[2009–10 Bundesliga|2009–10]] || [[FC Bayern München]] |- | [[2010–11 Bundesliga|2010–11]] || [[Borussia Dortmund]] |- | [[2011–12 Bundesliga|2011–12]] || [[Borussia Dortmund]] (5) |- | [[2012–13 Bundesliga|2012–13]] || rowspan="10" | [[FC Bayern München]] |- | [[2013–14 Bundesliga|2013–14]] |- | [[2014–15 Bundesliga|2014–15]] |- | [[2015–16 Bundesliga|2015–16]] |- | [[2016–17 Bundesliga|2016–17]] |- | [[2017–18 Bundesliga|2017–18]] |- | [[2018–19 Bundesliga|2018–19]] |- | [[2019–20 Bundesliga|2019–20]] |- | [[2020–21 Bundesliga|2020–21]] |- | [[2021–22 Bundesliga|2021–22]] |- | [[2022–23 Bundesliga|2022–23]] || [[FC Bayern München]] (32) |- | [[2023–24 Bundesliga|2023–24]] || [[Bayer 04 Leverkusen|Bayer Leverkusen]] (1) |- | [[2023–24 Bundesliga|2024–25]] || [[FC Bayern München]] (33) |- | [[2024–25 Bundesliga|2025–26]] || [[FC Bayern München]] (34) |} ==Jereo koa== *[[Bundesliga faha-2]] ==Links== *<ref>[http://www.bundesliga.com] Bundesliga</ref> [[Sokajy:Bundesliga]] [[Sokajy:Baolina kitra ao Alemaina]] [[Sokajy:Tompondaka]] 6tvsaawdi312vhcltgyz2hwkp576yy1 0 291057 1142524 1097022 2026-06-10T16:01:10Z HarryWurst 36292 1142524 wikitext text/x-wiki {{coord|53|00|N|11|45|E}} {{infobox tanàna |tanàna= Wittenberge |firenena={{Alemaina}} |isam-ponina= 17.076 |velarantany= 50.63 |haavo = 22 |faritany ={{Brandenburg}} |distrika= [[Prignitz]] |ben'ny tanàna= |sary=Wittenberge Steintor.jpg }} [[File:Wittenberge in PR.png|thumb|left|Wittenberge]] [[Sary:DEU Wittenberge COA.svg|thumb|left|Wittenberge]] I '''Wittenberge''' dia tanàna any {{Alemaina}}, ny tanàna no misy ao amin'ny {{Brandenburg}} ([[Fiteny frantsay|frantsay]]: ''Brandenbourg''). Ny isan' ny mponina ao aminy dia 17.076 araka. ==Ony== *[[Elbe]] ==Jereo Koa== *[[Lisitra ny tanàna ny Alemaina]] {{reflist}} {{commonscat}} [[Sokajy:Tanàna ao Brandenburg]] 4ngibqnbjnre0qf5tao4sppxhok3nh9 1142525 1142524 2026-06-10T16:01:36Z HarryWurst 36292 1142525 wikitext text/x-wiki {{coord|53|00|N|11|45|E}} {{infobox tanàna |tanàna= Wittenberge |firenena={{Alemaina}} |isam-ponina= 17.076 |velarantany= 50.63 |haavo = 22 |fanjakana ={{Brandenburg}} |distrika= [[Prignitz]] |ben'ny tanàna= |sary=Wittenberge Steintor.jpg }} [[File:Wittenberge in PR.png|thumb|left|Wittenberge]] [[Sary:DEU Wittenberge COA.svg|thumb|left|Wittenberge]] I '''Wittenberge''' dia tanàna any {{Alemaina}}, ny tanàna no misy ao amin'ny {{Brandenburg}} ([[Fiteny frantsay|frantsay]]: ''Brandenbourg''). Ny isan' ny mponina ao aminy dia 17.076 araka. ==Ony== *[[Elbe]] ==Jereo Koa== *[[Lisitra ny tanàna ny Alemaina]] {{reflist}} {{commonscat}} [[Sokajy:Tanàna ao Brandenburg]] 03pycpmqr7lh1pl7pbhdfq0ege77j5q 0 291139 1142546 1097014 2026-06-11T01:56:06Z HarryWurst 36292 1142546 wikitext text/x-wiki {{coord|49|59|N|06|53|E}} {{infobox tanàna |tanàna=Wittlich |firenena= {{Alemaina}} |isam-ponina=19.718 |velarantany=49.63 |fanjakana = {{Rheinland-Pfalz}} |ben'ny tanàna= |sary=Wittlichview.JPG |saina=DEU Wittlich COA.svg }} '''Wittlich''' dia kaominina alemana any fanjakana federaly {{Rheinland-Pfalz}}, [[Alemaina]]. Ny isan' ny 19.718 mponina ao aminy dia araka. ==Jereo Koa== *[[Lisitra ny tanàna ny Alemaina]] {{reflist}} {{commonscat}} [[Sokajy:Tanàna ao Alemaina]] [[Sokajy:Tanàna ao Rheinland-Pfalz]] aovgegitwfovb4gaxpii9do95nml63u 0 291401 1142503 1097913 2026-06-10T15:16:58Z Thelezifor 15140 nanova ny anaran'i [[Gaotra]] ho [[Treho]] i Thelezifor 1097913 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Kone med stor struma.jpg|vignette|401x401px|Vehivavy voan' ny gaotra]] Ny '''gaotra''' dia fiitarana na fitomboana hita matetika amin' ny fihary tirôida. Ity fitomboana ity dia mety ho ara-dalàna sy mandalo amin' ny toe-javatra manokana toy ny fahavnnto-jaza na ny fitondrana vohoka. Ny gaotra maharitra dia tena fahita manerana izao tontolo izao (efa ho ny 15,8 % amin' ny mponina eran-tany tamin' ny taona 2004 no voan' ny gaotra azo tsapain-tanana), mifandray amin' ny tsy fahampian' ny [[iôda]] ao amin' ny olona efa ho 2,2 lavitrisa. 3jh6k9e0yxc6mqh6hhydsbelauapfxc 1142505 1142503 2026-06-10T15:17:59Z Thelezifor 15140 Nanolo anarana 1142505 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Kone med stor struma.jpg|vignette|401x401px|Vehivavy voan' ny gaotra]] Ny '''treho''' dia fiitarana na fitomboana hita matetika amin' ny fihary tirôida. Ity fitomboana ity dia mety ho ara-dalàna sy mandalo amin' ny toe-javatra manokana toy ny fahavanto-jaza na ny fitondrana vohoka. Ny treho maharitra dia tena fahita manerana izao tontolo izao (efa ho ny 15,8 % amin' ny mponina eran-tany tamin' ny taona 2004 no voan' ny treho azo tsapain-tanana), mifandray amin' ny tsy fahampian' ny [[iôda]] ao amin' ny olona efa ho 2,2 lavitrisa. 2qwx1ki2pc0dhq7fg6465ljshp1e5g7 0 292273 1142572 1120552 2026-06-11T02:37:44Z HarryWurst 36292 /* Ekipa nasondrotra sy navotsotra tamin'ny Bundesliga faha-2 */ 1142572 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:2. Bundesliga Wordmark.svg|thumb|]] Ny '''Bundesliga faha-2''' ([[Fiteny alemà|alemà]]: ''2.Bundesliga'') no ligy faharoa ambony indrindra amin'ny baolina kitra matihanina any {{Alemaina}}. Ekipa 18 no afaka milalao. Niova imbetsaka ny endrika lalaon'ny Bundesliga faha-2. Tamin'ny voalohany dia nizara ho ''2. Bundesliga Avaratra'' ary ''2. Bundesliga Atsimo''. Hatramin'ny vanim-potoana 1992/93, ny Bundesliga faha-2 dia ligy tokana. Amin'ny fiafaran'ny vanim-potoana, ny klioba roa manana toerana tsara indrindra dia ampitomboina amin'ny [[Bundesliga]], raha ny ekipa fahatelo kosa dia manana fahafahana hahazo fampiroboroboana amin'ny lalao fialàna amin'ny ekipa laharana faha-16 ao amin'ny [[Bundesliga]]. ==Amboara tompon-daka== [[File:Zweite Bundesliga Schale.png|thumb|Amboaran'ny Bundesliga faharoa]] Hatramin'ny taom-pilalaovana 2008/09, nahazo ny amboarany manokana ilay mpandresy tamin'ny vanim-potoana iray. Ireo tompon-daka amin'ny fizarana faharoa rehetra hatramin'ny nampidirana ny lalao tokana 2.Liga tamin'ny 1981/82 dia voasokitra eo amin'ny vilia baolina. ===Ekipa nasondrotra sy navotsotra tamin'ny Bundesliga faha-2 === {| class="wikitable" style="background:ivory; font-size:95%; width:80%;" ! style="width:70px"| Saison ! Nisondrotra tao amin'ny Bundesliga ! Nafindra tany amin'ny Regionalliga 3. Liga |- | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2000/01|2000/01]] | [[1.FC Nürnberg]], [[Borussia Mönchengladbach]], [[FC St.Pauli]] | [[VfL Osnabrück]], [[SSV Ulm 1846]], [[Stuttgarter Kickers]], [[Chemnitzer FC]] |- style="background:lemonchiffon" | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2001/02|2001/02]] | [[Hannover 96]], [[Arminia Bielefeld]], [[VfL Bochum]] | [[SpVgg Unterhaching]], [[1.FC Saarbrücken]], [[1.FC Schweinfurt 05|Schweinfurt 05]], [[SV Babelsberg 03]] |- | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2002/03|2002/03]] | [[SC Freiburg]], [[1.FC Köln]], [[Eintracht Frankfurt]] | [[Eintracht Braunschweig]], [[SSV Reutlingen 05]], [[FC St.Pauli]], [[SV Waldhof Mannheim]] |- style="background:lemonchiffon" | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2003/04|2003/04]] | [[1.FC Nürnberg]], [[Arminia Bielefeld]], [[1.FSV Mainz 05]] | [[VfB Lübeck]], [[SSV Jahn Regensburg|Jahn Regensburg]], [[1.FC Union Berlin]], [[VfL Osnabrück]] |- | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2004/05|2004/05]] | [[1.FC Köln]], [[MSV Duisburg]], [[Eintracht Frankfurt]] | [[Eintracht Trier]], [[Rot-Weiß Oberhausen]], [[Rot-Weiss Essen]], [[FC Rot-Weiß Erfurt]] |- style="background:lemonchiffon" | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2005/06|2005/06]] | [[VfL Bochum]], [[Alemannia Aachen]], [[Energie Cottbus]] | [[Dynamo Dresden]], [[1.FC Saarbrücken]], [[Rot Weiss Ahlen|LR Ahlen]], [[Sportfreunde Siegen]] |- | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2006/07|2006/07]] | [[Karlsruher SC]], [[Hansa Rostock]], [[MSV Duisburg]] | [[Rot-Weiss Essen]], [[SpVgg Unterhaching]], [[Wacker Burghausen|SV Wacker Burghausen]], [[Eintracht Braunschweig]] |- style="background:lemonchiffon" | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2007/08|2007/08]] | [[Borussia Mönchengladbach]], [[TSG 1899 Hoffenheim]], [[1.FC Köln]] | [[Kickers Offenbach]], [[FC Erzgebirge Aue]], [[SC Paderborn 07]], [[FC Carl Zeiss Jena]] |- | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2008/09|2008/09]] | [[SC Freiburg]], [[1.FSV Mainz 05]], [[1.FC Nürnberg]] | [[VfL Osnabrück]], [[FC Ingolstadt 04]], [[SV Wehen Wiesbaden]] |- style="background:lemonchiffon" | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2009/10|2009/10]] | [[1.FC Kaiserslautern]], [[FC St.Pauli]] | [[Hansa Rostock]], [[TuS Koblenz]], [[Rot Weiss Ahlen]] |- | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2010/11|2010/11]] | [[Hertha BSC]], [[FC Augsburg]] | [[VfL Osnabrück]], [[Rot-Weiß Oberhausen]], [[Arminia Bielefeld]] |- style="background:lemonchiffon" | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2011/12|2011/12]] | [[SpVgg Greuther Fürth]], [[Eintracht Frankfurt]], [[Fortuna Düsseldorf]] | [[Hansa Rostock]], [[Alemannia Aachen]], [[Karlsruher SC]] |- | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2012/13|2012/13]] | [[Hertha BSC]], [[Eintracht Braunschweig]] | [[MSV Duisburg]], [[SSV Jahn Regensburg]] |- style="background:lemonchiffon" | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2013/14|2013/14]] | [[1.FC Köln]], [[SC Paderborn 07]] | [[Energie Cottbus]], [[Dynamo Dresden]], [[Arminia Bielefeld]] |- | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2014/15|2014/15]] | [[FC Ingolstadt 04]], [[SV Darmstadt 98]] | [[VfR Aalen]], [[FC Erzgebirge Aue]] |- style="background:lemonchiffon" | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2015/16|2015/16]] | [[SC Freiburg]], [[RB Leipzig]] | [[SC Paderborn 07]], [[FSV Frankfurt]], [[MSV Duisburg]] |- | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2016/17|2016/17]] | [[VfB Stuttgart]], [[Hannover 96]] | [[Karlsruher SC]], [[Würzburger Kickers]], TSV [[1860 München]] |- style="background:lemonchiffon" | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2017/18|2017/18]] | [[Fortuna Düsseldorf]], [[1.FC Nürnberg]] | [[Eintracht Braunschweig]], [[1.FC Kaiserslautern]] |- | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2018/19|2018/19]] | [[1.FC Köln]], [[SC Paderborn 07]], [[1.FC Union Berlin]] | [[1.FC Magdeburg]], [[MSV Duisburg]], [[FC Ingolstadt 04]] |- style="background:lemonchiffon" | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2019/20|2019/20]] | [[Arminia Bielefeld]], [[VfB Stuttgart]] | [[SV Wehen Wiesbaden]], [[Dynamo Dresden]] |- | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2020/21|2020/21]] | [[VfL Bochum]], [[SpVgg Greuther Fürth]] | [[Eintracht Braunschweig]], [[Würzburger Kickers]], [[VfL Osnabrück]] |- style="background:lemonchiffon" | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2021/22|2021/22]] | [[FC Schalke 04]], [[Werder Bremen]] | [[FC Erzgebirge Aue]], [[FC Ingolstadt 04]], [[Dynamo Dresden]] |- | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2022/23|2022/23]] | [[1.FC Heidenheim]], [[SV Darmstadt 98]] | [[Arminia Bielefeld]], [[SSV Jahn Regensburg]], [[SV Sandhausen]] |- style="background:lemonchiffon" | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2023/24|2023/24]] | [[FC St.Pauli]], [[Holstein Kiel]] | [[SV Wehen Wiesbaden]], [[Hansa Rostock]], [[VfL Osnabrück]] |- | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2024/25|2024/25]] | [[Hamburger SV]], [[1.FC Köln]] | [[SSV Ulm 1846]], [[SSV Jahn Regensburg]] |- | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2025/26|2025/26]] | [[FC Schalke 04]], [[SV Elversberg]], [[SC Paderborn 07]] | [[Preußen Münster]], [[Fortuna Düsseldorf]] |} ==Links== *<ref>[http://www.bundesliga.com] Bundesliga</ref> [[Sokajy:Baolina kitra ao Alemaina]] [[Sokajy:Tompondaka]] [[Sokajy:Bundesliga faha-2]] 4mplh8nwe8ezdvcu4t66v97k5hz2xv4 1142575 1142572 2026-06-11T02:44:58Z HarryWurst 36292 /* Ekipa nasondrotra sy navotsotra tamin'ny Bundesliga faha-2 */ 1142575 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:2. Bundesliga Wordmark.svg|thumb|]] Ny '''Bundesliga faha-2''' ([[Fiteny alemà|alemà]]: ''2.Bundesliga'') no ligy faharoa ambony indrindra amin'ny baolina kitra matihanina any {{Alemaina}}. Ekipa 18 no afaka milalao. Niova imbetsaka ny endrika lalaon'ny Bundesliga faha-2. Tamin'ny voalohany dia nizara ho ''2. Bundesliga Avaratra'' ary ''2. Bundesliga Atsimo''. Hatramin'ny vanim-potoana 1992/93, ny Bundesliga faha-2 dia ligy tokana. Amin'ny fiafaran'ny vanim-potoana, ny klioba roa manana toerana tsara indrindra dia ampitomboina amin'ny [[Bundesliga]], raha ny ekipa fahatelo kosa dia manana fahafahana hahazo fampiroboroboana amin'ny lalao fialàna amin'ny ekipa laharana faha-16 ao amin'ny [[Bundesliga]]. ==Amboara tompon-daka== [[File:Zweite Bundesliga Schale.png|thumb|Amboaran'ny Bundesliga faharoa]] Hatramin'ny taom-pilalaovana 2008/09, nahazo ny amboarany manokana ilay mpandresy tamin'ny vanim-potoana iray. Ireo tompon-daka amin'ny fizarana faharoa rehetra hatramin'ny nampidirana ny lalao tokana 2.Liga tamin'ny 1981/82 dia voasokitra eo amin'ny vilia baolina. ===Ekipa nasondrotra sy navotsotra tamin'ny Bundesliga faha-2 === {| class="wikitable" style="background:ivory; font-size:95%; width:80%;" ! style="width:70px"| Saison ! Nisondrotra tao amin'ny Bundesliga ! Nafindra tany amin'ny Regionalliga 3. Liga |- | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2000/01|2000/01]] | [[1.FC Nürnberg]], [[Borussia Mönchengladbach]], [[FC St.Pauli]] | [[VfL Osnabrück]], [[SSV Ulm 1846]], [[Stuttgarter Kickers]], [[Chemnitzer FC]] |- style="background:lemonchiffon" | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2001/02|2001/02]] | [[Hannover 96]], [[Arminia Bielefeld]], [[VfL Bochum]] | [[SpVgg Unterhaching]], [[1.FC Saarbrücken]], [[1.FC Schweinfurt 05|Schweinfurt 05]], [[SV Babelsberg 03]] |- | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2002/03|2002/03]] | [[SC Freiburg]], [[1.FC Köln]], [[Eintracht Frankfurt]] | [[Eintracht Braunschweig]], [[SSV Reutlingen 05]], [[FC St.Pauli]], [[SV Waldhof Mannheim]] |- style="background:lemonchiffon" | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2003/04|2003/04]] | [[1.FC Nürnberg]], [[Arminia Bielefeld]], [[1.FSV Mainz 05]] | [[VfB Lübeck]], [[SSV Jahn Regensburg|Jahn Regensburg]], [[1.FC Union Berlin]], [[VfL Osnabrück]] |- | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2004/05|2004/05]] | [[1.FC Köln]], [[MSV Duisburg]], [[Eintracht Frankfurt]] | [[Eintracht Trier]], [[Rot-Weiß Oberhausen]], [[Rot-Weiss Essen]], [[FC Rot-Weiß Erfurt]] |- style="background:lemonchiffon" | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2005/06|2005/06]] | [[VfL Bochum]], [[Alemannia Aachen]], [[Energie Cottbus]] | [[Dynamo Dresden]], [[1.FC Saarbrücken]], [[Rot Weiss Ahlen|LR Ahlen]], [[Sportfreunde Siegen]] |- | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2006/07|2006/07]] | [[Karlsruher SC]], [[Hansa Rostock]], [[MSV Duisburg]] | [[Rot-Weiss Essen]], [[SpVgg Unterhaching]], [[Wacker Burghausen|SV Wacker Burghausen]], [[Eintracht Braunschweig]] |- style="background:lemonchiffon" | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2007/08|2007/08]] | [[Borussia Mönchengladbach]], [[TSG 1899 Hoffenheim]], [[1.FC Köln]] | [[Kickers Offenbach]], [[FC Erzgebirge Aue]], [[SC Paderborn 07]], [[FC Carl Zeiss Jena]] |- | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2008/09|2008/09]] | [[SC Freiburg]], [[1.FSV Mainz 05]], [[1.FC Nürnberg]] | [[VfL Osnabrück]], [[FC Ingolstadt 04]], [[SV Wehen Wiesbaden]] |- style="background:lemonchiffon" | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2009/10|2009/10]] | [[1.FC Kaiserslautern]], [[FC St.Pauli]] | [[Hansa Rostock]], [[TuS Koblenz]], [[Rot Weiss Ahlen]] |- | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2010/11|2010/11]] | [[Hertha BSC]], [[FC Augsburg]] | [[VfL Osnabrück]], [[Rot-Weiß Oberhausen]], [[Arminia Bielefeld]] |- style="background:lemonchiffon" | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2011/12|2011/12]] | [[SpVgg Greuther Fürth]], [[Eintracht Frankfurt]], [[Fortuna Düsseldorf]] | [[Hansa Rostock]], [[Alemannia Aachen]], [[Karlsruher SC]] |- | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2012/13|2012/13]] | [[Hertha BSC]], [[Eintracht Braunschweig]] | [[MSV Duisburg]], [[SSV Jahn Regensburg]] |- style="background:lemonchiffon" | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2013/14|2013/14]] | [[1.FC Köln]], [[SC Paderborn 07]] | [[Energie Cottbus]], [[Dynamo Dresden]], [[Arminia Bielefeld]] |- | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2014/15|2014/15]] | [[FC Ingolstadt 04]], [[SV Darmstadt 98]] | [[VfR Aalen]], [[FC Erzgebirge Aue]] |- style="background:lemonchiffon" | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2015/16|2015/16]] | [[SC Freiburg]], [[RB Leipzig]] | [[SC Paderborn 07]], [[FSV Frankfurt]], [[MSV Duisburg]] |- | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2016/17|2016/17]] | [[VfB Stuttgart]], [[Hannover 96]] | [[Karlsruher SC]], [[Würzburger Kickers]], TSV [[1860 München]] |- style="background:lemonchiffon" | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2017/18|2017/18]] | [[Fortuna Düsseldorf]], [[1.FC Nürnberg]] | [[Eintracht Braunschweig]], [[1.FC Kaiserslautern]] |- | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2018/19|2018/19]] | [[1.FC Köln]], [[SC Paderborn 07]], [[1.FC Union Berlin]] | [[1.FC Magdeburg]], [[MSV Duisburg]], [[FC Ingolstadt 04]] |- style="background:lemonchiffon" | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2019/20|2019/20]] | [[Arminia Bielefeld]], [[VfB Stuttgart]] | [[SV Wehen Wiesbaden]], [[Dynamo Dresden]] |- | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2020/21|2020/21]] | [[VfL Bochum]], [[SpVgg Greuther Fürth]] | [[Eintracht Braunschweig]], [[Würzburger Kickers]], [[VfL Osnabrück]] |- style="background:lemonchiffon" | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2021/22|2021/22]] | [[FC Schalke 04]], [[Werder Bremen]] | [[FC Erzgebirge Aue]], [[FC Ingolstadt 04]], [[Dynamo Dresden]] |- | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2022/23|2022/23]] | [[1.FC Heidenheim]], [[SV Darmstadt 98]] | [[Arminia Bielefeld]], [[SSV Jahn Regensburg]], [[SV Sandhausen]] |- style="background:lemonchiffon" | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2023/24|2023/24]] | [[FC St.Pauli]], [[Holstein Kiel]] | [[SV Wehen Wiesbaden]], [[Hansa Rostock]], [[VfL Osnabrück]] |- | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2024/25|2024/25]] | [[Hamburger SV]], [[1.FC Köln]] | [[SSV Ulm 1846]], [[SSV Jahn Regensburg]] |- | style="text-align:center"| [[2. Fußball-Bundesliga 2025/26|2025/26]] | [[FC Schalke 04]], [[SV Elversberg]], [[SC Paderborn 07]] | [[Preussen Münster]], [[Fortuna Düsseldorf]] |} ==Links== *<ref>[http://www.bundesliga.com] Bundesliga</ref> [[Sokajy:Baolina kitra ao Alemaina]] [[Sokajy:Tompondaka]] [[Sokajy:Bundesliga faha-2]] ah1dlztt4k9vxdhassg8bw6wio18r7i 0 295116 1142470 1116062 2026-06-10T13:28:16Z Thelezifor 15140 Nandamina lahatsoratra 1142470 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''tsotsorinangatra''' dia zavamaniry karazany roa ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Fabaceae]]'': * ''[[Senna septemtrionalis]]'' <small>(Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small> na ''Cassia laevigata'' <small>Willd</small>: (any [[Imerina]]) -- tsotsorinangatra, voanembanamboa * ''[[Senna occidentalis]]'' (na ''Cassia occidentalis'' L.) (any amin' ny [[Bezanozano]], ny [[Betsileo]], ny [[Tanala]], ny [[Antefasy]], sns) -- tsorokanangatra, voanembanalika, voanembanamboa, voanembanamboa, voantsiraokanangatra, voantsiraokonangatra, tsirokinangatra. == Jereo koa == * ''[[Cassia]]'' * ''[[Senna]]'' p33ujqp0ld0bbdfl7vp09cbnsr77ms9 14 296041 1142482 1121195 2026-06-10T14:01:12Z HarryWurst 36292 1142482 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sokajy:Koronely]] [[Sokajy:Tafika malagasy]] tw7x9da67uvu827vfa789gdm1sz5xfh 0 296174 1142589 1140026 2026-06-11T05:18:15Z HarryWurst 36292 1142589 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Senador Eduardo Girão.jpg|thumb|Senador Eduardo Girão]] '''Luís Eduardo Grangeiro Girão''' (teraka ny 25 Septambra 1972 tao [[Fortaleza]]) dia mpandraharaha sy mpanao politika [[Brazila|breziliana]] avy any {{Ceará}}. Loholona izy amin'izao fotoana izao ary mpikambana ao amin'ny [[Partido Novo]] (NOVO).<ref>(pt) [https://www.otempo.com.br/politica/congresso/senador-eduardo-girao-anuncia-filiacao-ao-partido-novo-1.2810347 Senador Eduardo Girão anuncia filiação ao partido Novo]</ref> Mpikambana ao amin'ny Antenimieran-doholona breziliana izy nanomboka tamin'ny taona 2019, nisolo tena ny fanjakan'i Ceará. Voafidy tamin'ny vato 1.325.786 izy nandritra ny fe-potoam-piasana valo taona izay nifarana tamin'ny taona 2026.<ref>(pt) [https://especiais.gazetadopovo.com.br/eleicoes/2018/resultados/eleitos-senadores-ce-quem-ganhou/ Cid Gomes e Eduardo Girão são eleitos senadores no Ceará] {{Wayback|url=https://especiais.gazetadopovo.com.br/eleicoes/2018/resultados/eleitos-senadores-ce-quem-ganhou/ |date=20260202060456 }}</ref> Niasa ho mpandraharaha tao amin'ny sehatry ny hotely, ny fandoavam-bola amin'ny fitaterana, ary ny fiarovana tsy miankina i Eduardo Girão teo aloha. Tamin'ny taona 2017, lasa filohan'ny klioba baolina kitra ''Fortaleza EC'' izy. ==Jereo ikoa== {{commonscat}} {{CLEFDETRI:Girão, Eduardo}} [[Sokajy:Mpanao politika breziliana]] [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1972]] [[Sokajy:Partido Novo]] [[Sokajy:Senatera ao Ceará]] 7ry8k86kyn95litq7kmq68e5hlebqvs 0 296420 1142464 1141909 2026-06-10T12:56:07Z Gustavo523 39958 Afaka jerenareo tsara ny loharano rehetra ao ambany pejy ao amin’ny Wikipédia. Raha tena vonona hamaky azy manontolo ianareo, dia ho hitanareo fa fitaovana efa fanta-daza eto amin’ny nosintsika ity, efa fampiasa io fitaovana io ary misy andrin-kazo be dia be eto amintsika. Noho izany, tsy zavatra vaovao eto amin’ny nosintsika izy ty fa efa ampiasaina betsaka. Tsy tokony hofafana ity pejy ity. Avy amin’ity nosy ity ny tenako ary afaka manamarina aminareo fa pejy tena ilainay ity. 1142464 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Polux 5 - Brésil 2.jpg|vignette|Fanadihadiana an'ny Polux 5]] '''Polux''' dia fitaovana fandrefesana ahafahana manamarina ny toetry ny tsato-kazo hazo ampiasaina amin’ny herinaratra sy fifandraisan-davitra. == Famaritana == Ny teknolojia Polux dia ahafahana manao fanombanana momba ny fiarovana sy ny fikojakojana<ref>{{Lien web |titre=Sécurité et durabilité des infrastructures sur poteaux en bois : un enjeu stratégique |url=https://www.construction21.org/france/articles/h/securite-et-durabilite-des-infrastructures-sur-poteaux-en-bois-un-enjeu-strategique.html}}</ref>. Ireo fandrefesana dia manampy amin’ny fiarovana ny fiakarana amin’ny tsato-kazo ataon’ny mpiasa ary manamarina ny toetry ny hazo mba hanombanana ny androm-piainany sisa<ref>{{Lien web |langue=fr |auteur=Fabienne Tisserand |titre=CBS : expertise des bois anciens et préconisations pour leur réemploi |url=http://www.leboisinternational.com/deuxieme-transformation/construction-bois/cbs-expertise-des-bois-anciens-et-preconisations-pour-leur-reemploi-702883.php/?latest |accès url=libre |site=www.leboisinternational.com, Le Bois International |date=2022-07-22 |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>{{,}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://artecbtp.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/IPS-3.pdf |title=kopian'ny arisiva |access-date=2025-11-19 |archive-date=2021-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517133642/https://artecbtp.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/IPS-3.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Miasa miaraka amin’ny rindranasa Picus izy, izay mampiasa angona azo avy amin’ny fandrefesana ny hakitroky ny hazo eo amin’ny haavon’ny tany sy ny fandrefesana hygroscopique<ref>{{Lien web |titre=The Importance of the Nondestructive Technologies for Wooden Poles Network Asset Management |url=https://www.ndt.net/article/v11n04/benoit/benoit.htm |site=www.ndt.net |consulté le=2023-07-30 }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.ndt.net/article/v11n04/benoit/benoit.htm |date=20150907144000 }}</ref>{{,}}<ref>https://poles.com/WebRoot/Store4/Shops/08fd78c5-abfa-4217-9263-68fec9605ccc/MediaGallery/Internal_Treatment_Data__Doc/SEPOLECONF20112CMikeFreemanInspectionDevices2CCostBenefitAnalysis.pdf</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Lien web |langue=en |titre=Polux® a Practical Non-Destructive Technology for Measurement of Wood Pole Strength |url=https://electricenergyonline.com/energy/magazine/10/article/Polux-a-Practical-Non-Destructive-Technology-for-Measurement-of-Wood-Pole-Strength.htm |site=Electric Energy Online |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>. == Tantara == Ny teknolojia Polux dia novolavolaina tamin’ny fiandohan’ny taona 1990 nataon’ny profesora [[Jean-Luc Sandoz]], ho setrin’ny fangatahan’ny EDF izay niatrika olana roa: ny fiarovana sy ny faharetan’ny tsato-kazony<ref>{{Lien web |langue=fr |auteur=Jean-Luc Sandoz |titre=Le bois dans la construction: innovations et perspectives |url=https://doi.org/10.5169/seals-80287 |site=Tracés - bulletin technique de la Suisse romande |date=19.06.2002 |doi=10.5169/seals-80287 |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>. Entin’ny orinasa CBS-Lifteam izany<ref name=":1" />. Tamin’ny 2003, naseho tamin’ny faha-17 Congrès international des réseaux électriques de distribution tao Barcelone ity teknolojia ity<ref>{{Lien web |langue=en |auteur=[[Jean-Luc Sandoz]], Yann Benoit |titre=In field non destructive tests for wooden poles for the security and the maintenance of the overhead power lines. |url=http://www.cired.net/publications/cired2003/reports/R%201-52.pdf |format=pdf |accès url=libre |site=cired.net |date=12-15 mai 2003 }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.cired.net/publications/cired2003/reports/R%201-52.pdf |date=20230813200915 }}</ref>. Tamin’ny 2006, ny faha-14 symposium iraisam-pirenena momba ny fitsapana tsy manimba dia nampiseho ny fandrosoana nataon’ity teknolojia ity<ref name=":0" />. Tamin’ny 2011, ny seminera iraisam-pirenena momba ny mpamatsy angovo herinaratra dia nampiseho ny fampiasana ny Polux any Alemaina, indrindra amin’ny ohatra an’ny Deutsche Telekom<ref>[https://www.cired.net/publications/cired2011/part1/papers/CIRED2011_1115_final.pdf CIRED]</ref>. Ny kinova faha-5 dia ahafahana manangona sy manodina angona haingana kokoa, miaraka amin’ny fitaovana kely kokoa sy ny rindranasa Picus azo alaina amin’ny smartphone<ref>{{Lien web|auteur=Sophie Marenne |titre=CBS-CBT, l’expert mondial du bois enraciné en Suisse romande |url=https://agefi.com/actualites/entreprises/cbs-cbt-lexpert-mondial-du-bois-enracine-en-suisse-romande |accès url=limité |site=Agefi.com, L'Agefi |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>{{,}}<ref name=":1">{{Lien web |auteur=Fabienne Tisserand |titre=CBT : le contrôle non destructif du bois au service de son usage efficient |url=http://www.leboisinternational.com/premiere-transformation/exploitation-forestiere/cbt-le-controle-non-destructif-du-bois-au-service-de-son-usage-efficient-701246.php/?latest |accès url=libre |site=Le Bois International |date=2022-06-07 |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>. Ny teknolojia Polux dia ampiasaina any amin’ny firenena maro, indrindra any Etazonia, Kanada ary Aostralia<ref>{{Lien web |langue=en-US |nom=beardsworth |titre=POLUX - Non Destructive Wood Pole Inspection |url=https://www.cleantech.org/1999/06/11/polux-non-destructive-wood-pole-inspection/ |site=Cleantech.Org |date=1999-06-11 |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>[https://img1.wsimg.com/blobby/go/b59b478e-7b06-4b61-a5f0-e89532c5f6cf/downloads/1ch3kglpi_212058.pdf?ver=1552081674329 PowerPoint Presentation]</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Lien web |titre=Nos anciens ont du talent : Zoom sur Jean-Luc Sandoz, promo 1983 |url=https://www.enstib.univ-lorraine.fr/fr/nos-anciens-ont-du-talent-zoom-sur-jean-luc-sandoz-promo-1983/ |site=École Nationale Supérieure des Technologies et Industries du Bois d'Épinal ENSTIB |date=2021-06-08 |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Lien web |titre=Innovative products for asset life extension {{!}} TEN Group |url=https://www.tengroup.com.au/blogs/news/2019/May/24/innovative_products_for_asset_life_extension |site=tengroup.com.au |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>. == Loka sy mari-boninahitra == * Tamin’ny 2003, ny Wall Street Journal dia nanome ny loka voalohany amin’ny fanavaozana ho an’ny teknolojia Polux<ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB107004194977850100 Pole Position - WSJ]</ref>. == Fanampiny == === Jereo koa === * [[Sylvatest]] == Fanamarihana == <references /> [[Sokajy:Fitaovana]] k3bp6f7anpe883i3g9pvwiuuo1sy6px 1142466 1142464 2026-06-10T12:58:18Z Jules* 13115 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/Gustavo523|Gustavo523]] ([[User talk:Gustavo523|talk]]): Let a sysop or the community decide. (TwinkleGlobal) 1142466 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Arovy|1=Cross-wiki spam, please see [[:meta:Talk:Wikiproject:Antispam#Cross-wiki spam linked to Wikimedia IRL projects/chapters]].}} [[Sary:Polux 5 - Brésil 2.jpg|vignette|Fanadihadiana an'ny Polux 5]] '''Polux''' dia fitaovana fandrefesana ahafahana manamarina ny toetry ny tsato-kazo hazo ampiasaina amin’ny herinaratra sy fifandraisan-davitra. == Famaritana == Ny teknolojia Polux dia ahafahana manao fanombanana momba ny fiarovana sy ny fikojakojana<ref>{{Lien web |titre=Sécurité et durabilité des infrastructures sur poteaux en bois : un enjeu stratégique |url=https://www.construction21.org/france/articles/h/securite-et-durabilite-des-infrastructures-sur-poteaux-en-bois-un-enjeu-strategique.html}}</ref>. Ireo fandrefesana dia manampy amin’ny fiarovana ny fiakarana amin’ny tsato-kazo ataon’ny mpiasa ary manamarina ny toetry ny hazo mba hanombanana ny androm-piainany sisa<ref>{{Lien web |langue=fr |auteur=Fabienne Tisserand |titre=CBS : expertise des bois anciens et préconisations pour leur réemploi |url=http://www.leboisinternational.com/deuxieme-transformation/construction-bois/cbs-expertise-des-bois-anciens-et-preconisations-pour-leur-reemploi-702883.php/?latest |accès url=libre |site=www.leboisinternational.com, Le Bois International |date=2022-07-22 |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>{{,}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://artecbtp.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/IPS-3.pdf |title=kopian'ny arisiva |access-date=2025-11-19 |archive-date=2021-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517133642/https://artecbtp.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/IPS-3.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Miasa miaraka amin’ny rindranasa Picus izy, izay mampiasa angona azo avy amin’ny fandrefesana ny hakitroky ny hazo eo amin’ny haavon’ny tany sy ny fandrefesana hygroscopique<ref>{{Lien web |titre=The Importance of the Nondestructive Technologies for Wooden Poles Network Asset Management |url=https://www.ndt.net/article/v11n04/benoit/benoit.htm |site=www.ndt.net |consulté le=2023-07-30 }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.ndt.net/article/v11n04/benoit/benoit.htm |date=20150907144000 }}</ref>{{,}}<ref>https://poles.com/WebRoot/Store4/Shops/08fd78c5-abfa-4217-9263-68fec9605ccc/MediaGallery/Internal_Treatment_Data__Doc/SEPOLECONF20112CMikeFreemanInspectionDevices2CCostBenefitAnalysis.pdf</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Lien web |langue=en |titre=Polux® a Practical Non-Destructive Technology for Measurement of Wood Pole Strength |url=https://electricenergyonline.com/energy/magazine/10/article/Polux-a-Practical-Non-Destructive-Technology-for-Measurement-of-Wood-Pole-Strength.htm |site=Electric Energy Online |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>. == Tantara == Ny teknolojia Polux dia novolavolaina tamin’ny fiandohan’ny taona 1990 nataon’ny profesora [[Jean-Luc Sandoz]], ho setrin’ny fangatahan’ny EDF izay niatrika olana roa: ny fiarovana sy ny faharetan’ny tsato-kazony<ref>{{Lien web |langue=fr |auteur=Jean-Luc Sandoz |titre=Le bois dans la construction: innovations et perspectives |url=https://doi.org/10.5169/seals-80287 |site=Tracés - bulletin technique de la Suisse romande |date=19.06.2002 |doi=10.5169/seals-80287 |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>. Entin’ny orinasa CBS-Lifteam izany<ref name=":1" />. Tamin’ny 2003, naseho tamin’ny faha-17 Congrès international des réseaux électriques de distribution tao Barcelone ity teknolojia ity<ref>{{Lien web |langue=en |auteur=[[Jean-Luc Sandoz]], Yann Benoit |titre=In field non destructive tests for wooden poles for the security and the maintenance of the overhead power lines. |url=http://www.cired.net/publications/cired2003/reports/R%201-52.pdf |format=pdf |accès url=libre |site=cired.net |date=12-15 mai 2003 }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.cired.net/publications/cired2003/reports/R%201-52.pdf |date=20230813200915 }}</ref>. Tamin’ny 2006, ny faha-14 symposium iraisam-pirenena momba ny fitsapana tsy manimba dia nampiseho ny fandrosoana nataon’ity teknolojia ity<ref name=":0" />. Tamin’ny 2011, ny seminera iraisam-pirenena momba ny mpamatsy angovo herinaratra dia nampiseho ny fampiasana ny Polux any Alemaina, indrindra amin’ny ohatra an’ny Deutsche Telekom<ref>[https://www.cired.net/publications/cired2011/part1/papers/CIRED2011_1115_final.pdf CIRED]</ref>. Ny kinova faha-5 dia ahafahana manangona sy manodina angona haingana kokoa, miaraka amin’ny fitaovana kely kokoa sy ny rindranasa Picus azo alaina amin’ny smartphone<ref>{{Lien web|auteur=Sophie Marenne |titre=CBS-CBT, l’expert mondial du bois enraciné en Suisse romande |url=https://agefi.com/actualites/entreprises/cbs-cbt-lexpert-mondial-du-bois-enracine-en-suisse-romande |accès url=limité |site=Agefi.com, L'Agefi |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>{{,}}<ref name=":1">{{Lien web |auteur=Fabienne Tisserand |titre=CBT : le contrôle non destructif du bois au service de son usage efficient |url=http://www.leboisinternational.com/premiere-transformation/exploitation-forestiere/cbt-le-controle-non-destructif-du-bois-au-service-de-son-usage-efficient-701246.php/?latest |accès url=libre |site=Le Bois International |date=2022-06-07 |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>. Ny teknolojia Polux dia ampiasaina any amin’ny firenena maro, indrindra any Etazonia, Kanada ary Aostralia<ref>{{Lien web |langue=en-US |nom=beardsworth |titre=POLUX - Non Destructive Wood Pole Inspection |url=https://www.cleantech.org/1999/06/11/polux-non-destructive-wood-pole-inspection/ |site=Cleantech.Org |date=1999-06-11 |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>[https://img1.wsimg.com/blobby/go/b59b478e-7b06-4b61-a5f0-e89532c5f6cf/downloads/1ch3kglpi_212058.pdf?ver=1552081674329 PowerPoint Presentation]</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Lien web |titre=Nos anciens ont du talent : Zoom sur Jean-Luc Sandoz, promo 1983 |url=https://www.enstib.univ-lorraine.fr/fr/nos-anciens-ont-du-talent-zoom-sur-jean-luc-sandoz-promo-1983/ |site=École Nationale Supérieure des Technologies et Industries du Bois d'Épinal ENSTIB |date=2021-06-08 |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Lien web |titre=Innovative products for asset life extension {{!}} TEN Group |url=https://www.tengroup.com.au/blogs/news/2019/May/24/innovative_products_for_asset_life_extension |site=tengroup.com.au |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>. == Loka sy mari-boninahitra == * Tamin’ny 2003, ny Wall Street Journal dia nanome ny loka voalohany amin’ny fanavaozana ho an’ny teknolojia Polux<ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB107004194977850100 Pole Position - WSJ]</ref>. == Fanampiny == === Jereo koa === * [[Sylvatest]] == Fanamarihana == <references /> [[Sokajy:Fitaovana]] lcpbibhoa1db3jvy48u8pnwfxqg9n7z 1142473 1142466 2026-06-10T13:37:22Z Gustavo523 39958 I am also part of the community, why are you the only one who gets to decide and voice your opinion ? We have the right to voice our opinion too and i can tell that you haven't even read what I had to say which is disappointing especially when you're not even a malagasy person and im representing my ethnicity and community. 1142473 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Polux 5 - Brésil 2.jpg|vignette|Fanadihadiana an'ny Polux 5]] '''Polux''' dia fitaovana fandrefesana ahafahana manamarina ny toetry ny tsato-kazo hazo ampiasaina amin’ny herinaratra sy fifandraisan-davitra. == Famaritana == Ny teknolojia Polux dia ahafahana manao fanombanana momba ny fiarovana sy ny fikojakojana<ref>{{Lien web |titre=Sécurité et durabilité des infrastructures sur poteaux en bois : un enjeu stratégique |url=https://www.construction21.org/france/articles/h/securite-et-durabilite-des-infrastructures-sur-poteaux-en-bois-un-enjeu-strategique.html}}</ref>. Ireo fandrefesana dia manampy amin’ny fiarovana ny fiakarana amin’ny tsato-kazo ataon’ny mpiasa ary manamarina ny toetry ny hazo mba hanombanana ny androm-piainany sisa<ref>{{Lien web |langue=fr |auteur=Fabienne Tisserand |titre=CBS : expertise des bois anciens et préconisations pour leur réemploi |url=http://www.leboisinternational.com/deuxieme-transformation/construction-bois/cbs-expertise-des-bois-anciens-et-preconisations-pour-leur-reemploi-702883.php/?latest |accès url=libre |site=www.leboisinternational.com, Le Bois International |date=2022-07-22 |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>{{,}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://artecbtp.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/IPS-3.pdf |title=kopian'ny arisiva |access-date=2025-11-19 |archive-date=2021-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517133642/https://artecbtp.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/IPS-3.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Miasa miaraka amin’ny rindranasa Picus izy, izay mampiasa angona azo avy amin’ny fandrefesana ny hakitroky ny hazo eo amin’ny haavon’ny tany sy ny fandrefesana hygroscopique<ref>{{Lien web |titre=The Importance of the Nondestructive Technologies for Wooden Poles Network Asset Management |url=https://www.ndt.net/article/v11n04/benoit/benoit.htm |site=www.ndt.net |consulté le=2023-07-30 }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.ndt.net/article/v11n04/benoit/benoit.htm |date=20150907144000 }}</ref>{{,}}<ref>https://poles.com/WebRoot/Store4/Shops/08fd78c5-abfa-4217-9263-68fec9605ccc/MediaGallery/Internal_Treatment_Data__Doc/SEPOLECONF20112CMikeFreemanInspectionDevices2CCostBenefitAnalysis.pdf</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Lien web |langue=en |titre=Polux® a Practical Non-Destructive Technology for Measurement of Wood Pole Strength |url=https://electricenergyonline.com/energy/magazine/10/article/Polux-a-Practical-Non-Destructive-Technology-for-Measurement-of-Wood-Pole-Strength.htm |site=Electric Energy Online |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>. == Tantara == Ny teknolojia Polux dia novolavolaina tamin’ny fiandohan’ny taona 1990 nataon’ny profesora [[Jean-Luc Sandoz]], ho setrin’ny fangatahan’ny EDF izay niatrika olana roa: ny fiarovana sy ny faharetan’ny tsato-kazony<ref>{{Lien web |langue=fr |auteur=Jean-Luc Sandoz |titre=Le bois dans la construction: innovations et perspectives |url=https://doi.org/10.5169/seals-80287 |site=Tracés - bulletin technique de la Suisse romande |date=19.06.2002 |doi=10.5169/seals-80287 |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>. Entin’ny orinasa CBS-Lifteam izany<ref name=":1" />. Tamin’ny 2003, naseho tamin’ny faha-17 Congrès international des réseaux électriques de distribution tao Barcelone ity teknolojia ity<ref>{{Lien web |langue=en |auteur=[[Jean-Luc Sandoz]], Yann Benoit |titre=In field non destructive tests for wooden poles for the security and the maintenance of the overhead power lines. |url=http://www.cired.net/publications/cired2003/reports/R%201-52.pdf |format=pdf |accès url=libre |site=cired.net |date=12-15 mai 2003 }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.cired.net/publications/cired2003/reports/R%201-52.pdf |date=20230813200915 }}</ref>. Tamin’ny 2006, ny faha-14 symposium iraisam-pirenena momba ny fitsapana tsy manimba dia nampiseho ny fandrosoana nataon’ity teknolojia ity<ref name=":0" />. Tamin’ny 2011, ny seminera iraisam-pirenena momba ny mpamatsy angovo herinaratra dia nampiseho ny fampiasana ny Polux any Alemaina, indrindra amin’ny ohatra an’ny Deutsche Telekom<ref>[https://www.cired.net/publications/cired2011/part1/papers/CIRED2011_1115_final.pdf CIRED]</ref>. Ny kinova faha-5 dia ahafahana manangona sy manodina angona haingana kokoa, miaraka amin’ny fitaovana kely kokoa sy ny rindranasa Picus azo alaina amin’ny smartphone<ref>{{Lien web|auteur=Sophie Marenne |titre=CBS-CBT, l’expert mondial du bois enraciné en Suisse romande |url=https://agefi.com/actualites/entreprises/cbs-cbt-lexpert-mondial-du-bois-enracine-en-suisse-romande |accès url=limité |site=Agefi.com, L'Agefi |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>{{,}}<ref name=":1">{{Lien web |auteur=Fabienne Tisserand |titre=CBT : le contrôle non destructif du bois au service de son usage efficient |url=http://www.leboisinternational.com/premiere-transformation/exploitation-forestiere/cbt-le-controle-non-destructif-du-bois-au-service-de-son-usage-efficient-701246.php/?latest |accès url=libre |site=Le Bois International |date=2022-06-07 |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>. Ny teknolojia Polux dia ampiasaina any amin’ny firenena maro, indrindra any Etazonia, Kanada ary Aostralia<ref>{{Lien web |langue=en-US |nom=beardsworth |titre=POLUX - Non Destructive Wood Pole Inspection |url=https://www.cleantech.org/1999/06/11/polux-non-destructive-wood-pole-inspection/ |site=Cleantech.Org |date=1999-06-11 |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>[https://img1.wsimg.com/blobby/go/b59b478e-7b06-4b61-a5f0-e89532c5f6cf/downloads/1ch3kglpi_212058.pdf?ver=1552081674329 PowerPoint Presentation]</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Lien web |titre=Nos anciens ont du talent : Zoom sur Jean-Luc Sandoz, promo 1983 |url=https://www.enstib.univ-lorraine.fr/fr/nos-anciens-ont-du-talent-zoom-sur-jean-luc-sandoz-promo-1983/ |site=École Nationale Supérieure des Technologies et Industries du Bois d'Épinal ENSTIB |date=2021-06-08 |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Lien web |titre=Innovative products for asset life extension {{!}} TEN Group |url=https://www.tengroup.com.au/blogs/news/2019/May/24/innovative_products_for_asset_life_extension |site=tengroup.com.au |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>. == Loka sy mari-boninahitra == * Tamin’ny 2003, ny Wall Street Journal dia nanome ny loka voalohany amin’ny fanavaozana ho an’ny teknolojia Polux<ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB107004194977850100 Pole Position - WSJ]</ref>. == Fanampiny == === Jereo koa === * [[Sylvatest]] == Fanamarihana == <references /> [[Sokajy:Fitaovana]] k3bp6f7anpe883i3g9pvwiuuo1sy6px 1142474 1142473 2026-06-10T13:47:26Z Jules* 13115 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/Gustavo523|Gustavo523]] ([[User talk:Gustavo523|talk]]): You can't decide this alone and you are not part of the community, you are a single purpose account. (TwinkleGlobal) 1142474 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Arovy|1=Cross-wiki spam, please see [[:meta:Talk:Wikiproject:Antispam#Cross-wiki spam linked to Wikimedia IRL projects/chapters]].}} [[Sary:Polux 5 - Brésil 2.jpg|vignette|Fanadihadiana an'ny Polux 5]] '''Polux''' dia fitaovana fandrefesana ahafahana manamarina ny toetry ny tsato-kazo hazo ampiasaina amin’ny herinaratra sy fifandraisan-davitra. == Famaritana == Ny teknolojia Polux dia ahafahana manao fanombanana momba ny fiarovana sy ny fikojakojana<ref>{{Lien web |titre=Sécurité et durabilité des infrastructures sur poteaux en bois : un enjeu stratégique |url=https://www.construction21.org/france/articles/h/securite-et-durabilite-des-infrastructures-sur-poteaux-en-bois-un-enjeu-strategique.html}}</ref>. Ireo fandrefesana dia manampy amin’ny fiarovana ny fiakarana amin’ny tsato-kazo ataon’ny mpiasa ary manamarina ny toetry ny hazo mba hanombanana ny androm-piainany sisa<ref>{{Lien web |langue=fr |auteur=Fabienne Tisserand |titre=CBS : expertise des bois anciens et préconisations pour leur réemploi |url=http://www.leboisinternational.com/deuxieme-transformation/construction-bois/cbs-expertise-des-bois-anciens-et-preconisations-pour-leur-reemploi-702883.php/?latest |accès url=libre |site=www.leboisinternational.com, Le Bois International |date=2022-07-22 |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>{{,}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://artecbtp.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/IPS-3.pdf |title=kopian'ny arisiva |access-date=2025-11-19 |archive-date=2021-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517133642/https://artecbtp.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/IPS-3.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Miasa miaraka amin’ny rindranasa Picus izy, izay mampiasa angona azo avy amin’ny fandrefesana ny hakitroky ny hazo eo amin’ny haavon’ny tany sy ny fandrefesana hygroscopique<ref>{{Lien web |titre=The Importance of the Nondestructive Technologies for Wooden Poles Network Asset Management |url=https://www.ndt.net/article/v11n04/benoit/benoit.htm |site=www.ndt.net |consulté le=2023-07-30 }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.ndt.net/article/v11n04/benoit/benoit.htm |date=20150907144000 }}</ref>{{,}}<ref>https://poles.com/WebRoot/Store4/Shops/08fd78c5-abfa-4217-9263-68fec9605ccc/MediaGallery/Internal_Treatment_Data__Doc/SEPOLECONF20112CMikeFreemanInspectionDevices2CCostBenefitAnalysis.pdf</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Lien web |langue=en |titre=Polux® a Practical Non-Destructive Technology for Measurement of Wood Pole Strength |url=https://electricenergyonline.com/energy/magazine/10/article/Polux-a-Practical-Non-Destructive-Technology-for-Measurement-of-Wood-Pole-Strength.htm |site=Electric Energy Online |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>. == Tantara == Ny teknolojia Polux dia novolavolaina tamin’ny fiandohan’ny taona 1990 nataon’ny profesora [[Jean-Luc Sandoz]], ho setrin’ny fangatahan’ny EDF izay niatrika olana roa: ny fiarovana sy ny faharetan’ny tsato-kazony<ref>{{Lien web |langue=fr |auteur=Jean-Luc Sandoz |titre=Le bois dans la construction: innovations et perspectives |url=https://doi.org/10.5169/seals-80287 |site=Tracés - bulletin technique de la Suisse romande |date=19.06.2002 |doi=10.5169/seals-80287 |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>. Entin’ny orinasa CBS-Lifteam izany<ref name=":1" />. Tamin’ny 2003, naseho tamin’ny faha-17 Congrès international des réseaux électriques de distribution tao Barcelone ity teknolojia ity<ref>{{Lien web |langue=en |auteur=[[Jean-Luc Sandoz]], Yann Benoit |titre=In field non destructive tests for wooden poles for the security and the maintenance of the overhead power lines. |url=http://www.cired.net/publications/cired2003/reports/R%201-52.pdf |format=pdf |accès url=libre |site=cired.net |date=12-15 mai 2003 }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.cired.net/publications/cired2003/reports/R%201-52.pdf |date=20230813200915 }}</ref>. Tamin’ny 2006, ny faha-14 symposium iraisam-pirenena momba ny fitsapana tsy manimba dia nampiseho ny fandrosoana nataon’ity teknolojia ity<ref name=":0" />. Tamin’ny 2011, ny seminera iraisam-pirenena momba ny mpamatsy angovo herinaratra dia nampiseho ny fampiasana ny Polux any Alemaina, indrindra amin’ny ohatra an’ny Deutsche Telekom<ref>[https://www.cired.net/publications/cired2011/part1/papers/CIRED2011_1115_final.pdf CIRED]</ref>. Ny kinova faha-5 dia ahafahana manangona sy manodina angona haingana kokoa, miaraka amin’ny fitaovana kely kokoa sy ny rindranasa Picus azo alaina amin’ny smartphone<ref>{{Lien web|auteur=Sophie Marenne |titre=CBS-CBT, l’expert mondial du bois enraciné en Suisse romande |url=https://agefi.com/actualites/entreprises/cbs-cbt-lexpert-mondial-du-bois-enracine-en-suisse-romande |accès url=limité |site=Agefi.com, L'Agefi |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>{{,}}<ref name=":1">{{Lien web |auteur=Fabienne Tisserand |titre=CBT : le contrôle non destructif du bois au service de son usage efficient |url=http://www.leboisinternational.com/premiere-transformation/exploitation-forestiere/cbt-le-controle-non-destructif-du-bois-au-service-de-son-usage-efficient-701246.php/?latest |accès url=libre |site=Le Bois International |date=2022-06-07 |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>. Ny teknolojia Polux dia ampiasaina any amin’ny firenena maro, indrindra any Etazonia, Kanada ary Aostralia<ref>{{Lien web |langue=en-US |nom=beardsworth |titre=POLUX - Non Destructive Wood Pole Inspection |url=https://www.cleantech.org/1999/06/11/polux-non-destructive-wood-pole-inspection/ |site=Cleantech.Org |date=1999-06-11 |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>[https://img1.wsimg.com/blobby/go/b59b478e-7b06-4b61-a5f0-e89532c5f6cf/downloads/1ch3kglpi_212058.pdf?ver=1552081674329 PowerPoint Presentation]</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Lien web |titre=Nos anciens ont du talent : Zoom sur Jean-Luc Sandoz, promo 1983 |url=https://www.enstib.univ-lorraine.fr/fr/nos-anciens-ont-du-talent-zoom-sur-jean-luc-sandoz-promo-1983/ |site=École Nationale Supérieure des Technologies et Industries du Bois d'Épinal ENSTIB |date=2021-06-08 |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Lien web |titre=Innovative products for asset life extension {{!}} TEN Group |url=https://www.tengroup.com.au/blogs/news/2019/May/24/innovative_products_for_asset_life_extension |site=tengroup.com.au |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>. == Loka sy mari-boninahitra == * Tamin’ny 2003, ny Wall Street Journal dia nanome ny loka voalohany amin’ny fanavaozana ho an’ny teknolojia Polux<ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB107004194977850100 Pole Position - WSJ]</ref>. == Fanampiny == === Jereo koa === * [[Sylvatest]] == Fanamarihana == <references /> [[Sokajy:Fitaovana]] lcpbibhoa1db3jvy48u8pnwfxqg9n7z 1142483 1142474 2026-06-10T14:03:29Z Gustavo523 39958 Well neither can you, you are actively trying to remove it by yourself and not with the community. Again, you are not a malagasy person (which I am) so why are you so dedicated to remove the page in a langage you don't even speak ? And why are you against the use of this article for a country you seemingly know nothing about ? 1142483 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Polux 5 - Brésil 2.jpg|vignette|Fanadihadiana an'ny Polux 5]] '''Polux''' dia fitaovana fandrefesana ahafahana manamarina ny toetry ny tsato-kazo hazo ampiasaina amin’ny herinaratra sy fifandraisan-davitra. == Famaritana == Ny teknolojia Polux dia ahafahana manao fanombanana momba ny fiarovana sy ny fikojakojana<ref>{{Lien web |titre=Sécurité et durabilité des infrastructures sur poteaux en bois : un enjeu stratégique |url=https://www.construction21.org/france/articles/h/securite-et-durabilite-des-infrastructures-sur-poteaux-en-bois-un-enjeu-strategique.html}}</ref>. Ireo fandrefesana dia manampy amin’ny fiarovana ny fiakarana amin’ny tsato-kazo ataon’ny mpiasa ary manamarina ny toetry ny hazo mba hanombanana ny androm-piainany sisa<ref>{{Lien web |langue=fr |auteur=Fabienne Tisserand |titre=CBS : expertise des bois anciens et préconisations pour leur réemploi |url=http://www.leboisinternational.com/deuxieme-transformation/construction-bois/cbs-expertise-des-bois-anciens-et-preconisations-pour-leur-reemploi-702883.php/?latest |accès url=libre |site=www.leboisinternational.com, Le Bois International |date=2022-07-22 |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>{{,}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://artecbtp.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/IPS-3.pdf |title=kopian'ny arisiva |access-date=2025-11-19 |archive-date=2021-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517133642/https://artecbtp.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/IPS-3.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Miasa miaraka amin’ny rindranasa Picus izy, izay mampiasa angona azo avy amin’ny fandrefesana ny hakitroky ny hazo eo amin’ny haavon’ny tany sy ny fandrefesana hygroscopique<ref>{{Lien web |titre=The Importance of the Nondestructive Technologies for Wooden Poles Network Asset Management |url=https://www.ndt.net/article/v11n04/benoit/benoit.htm |site=www.ndt.net |consulté le=2023-07-30 }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.ndt.net/article/v11n04/benoit/benoit.htm |date=20150907144000 }}</ref>{{,}}<ref>https://poles.com/WebRoot/Store4/Shops/08fd78c5-abfa-4217-9263-68fec9605ccc/MediaGallery/Internal_Treatment_Data__Doc/SEPOLECONF20112CMikeFreemanInspectionDevices2CCostBenefitAnalysis.pdf</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Lien web |langue=en |titre=Polux® a Practical Non-Destructive Technology for Measurement of Wood Pole Strength |url=https://electricenergyonline.com/energy/magazine/10/article/Polux-a-Practical-Non-Destructive-Technology-for-Measurement-of-Wood-Pole-Strength.htm |site=Electric Energy Online |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>. == Tantara == Ny teknolojia Polux dia novolavolaina tamin’ny fiandohan’ny taona 1990 nataon’ny profesora [[Jean-Luc Sandoz]], ho setrin’ny fangatahan’ny EDF izay niatrika olana roa: ny fiarovana sy ny faharetan’ny tsato-kazony<ref>{{Lien web |langue=fr |auteur=Jean-Luc Sandoz |titre=Le bois dans la construction: innovations et perspectives |url=https://doi.org/10.5169/seals-80287 |site=Tracés - bulletin technique de la Suisse romande |date=19.06.2002 |doi=10.5169/seals-80287 |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>. Entin’ny orinasa CBS-Lifteam izany<ref name=":1" />. Tamin’ny 2003, naseho tamin’ny faha-17 Congrès international des réseaux électriques de distribution tao Barcelone ity teknolojia ity<ref>{{Lien web |langue=en |auteur=[[Jean-Luc Sandoz]], Yann Benoit |titre=In field non destructive tests for wooden poles for the security and the maintenance of the overhead power lines. |url=http://www.cired.net/publications/cired2003/reports/R%201-52.pdf |format=pdf |accès url=libre |site=cired.net |date=12-15 mai 2003 }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.cired.net/publications/cired2003/reports/R%201-52.pdf |date=20230813200915 }}</ref>. Tamin’ny 2006, ny faha-14 symposium iraisam-pirenena momba ny fitsapana tsy manimba dia nampiseho ny fandrosoana nataon’ity teknolojia ity<ref name=":0" />. Tamin’ny 2011, ny seminera iraisam-pirenena momba ny mpamatsy angovo herinaratra dia nampiseho ny fampiasana ny Polux any Alemaina, indrindra amin’ny ohatra an’ny Deutsche Telekom<ref>[https://www.cired.net/publications/cired2011/part1/papers/CIRED2011_1115_final.pdf CIRED]</ref>. Ny kinova faha-5 dia ahafahana manangona sy manodina angona haingana kokoa, miaraka amin’ny fitaovana kely kokoa sy ny rindranasa Picus azo alaina amin’ny smartphone<ref>{{Lien web|auteur=Sophie Marenne |titre=CBS-CBT, l’expert mondial du bois enraciné en Suisse romande |url=https://agefi.com/actualites/entreprises/cbs-cbt-lexpert-mondial-du-bois-enracine-en-suisse-romande |accès url=limité |site=Agefi.com, L'Agefi |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>{{,}}<ref name=":1">{{Lien web |auteur=Fabienne Tisserand |titre=CBT : le contrôle non destructif du bois au service de son usage efficient |url=http://www.leboisinternational.com/premiere-transformation/exploitation-forestiere/cbt-le-controle-non-destructif-du-bois-au-service-de-son-usage-efficient-701246.php/?latest |accès url=libre |site=Le Bois International |date=2022-06-07 |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>. Ny teknolojia Polux dia ampiasaina any amin’ny firenena maro, indrindra any Etazonia, Kanada ary Aostralia<ref>{{Lien web |langue=en-US |nom=beardsworth |titre=POLUX - Non Destructive Wood Pole Inspection |url=https://www.cleantech.org/1999/06/11/polux-non-destructive-wood-pole-inspection/ |site=Cleantech.Org |date=1999-06-11 |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>[https://img1.wsimg.com/blobby/go/b59b478e-7b06-4b61-a5f0-e89532c5f6cf/downloads/1ch3kglpi_212058.pdf?ver=1552081674329 PowerPoint Presentation]</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Lien web |titre=Nos anciens ont du talent : Zoom sur Jean-Luc Sandoz, promo 1983 |url=https://www.enstib.univ-lorraine.fr/fr/nos-anciens-ont-du-talent-zoom-sur-jean-luc-sandoz-promo-1983/ |site=École Nationale Supérieure des Technologies et Industries du Bois d'Épinal ENSTIB |date=2021-06-08 |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Lien web |titre=Innovative products for asset life extension {{!}} TEN Group |url=https://www.tengroup.com.au/blogs/news/2019/May/24/innovative_products_for_asset_life_extension |site=tengroup.com.au |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>. == Loka sy mari-boninahitra == * Tamin’ny 2003, ny Wall Street Journal dia nanome ny loka voalohany amin’ny fanavaozana ho an’ny teknolojia Polux<ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB107004194977850100 Pole Position - WSJ]</ref>. == Fanampiny == === Jereo koa === * [[Sylvatest]] == Fanamarihana == <references /> [[Sokajy:Fitaovana]] k3bp6f7anpe883i3g9pvwiuuo1sy6px 1142484 1142483 2026-06-10T14:04:31Z Jules* 13115 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/Gustavo523|Gustavo523]] ([[User talk:Gustavo523|talk]]): Third SPA removing banners. (TwinkleGlobal) 1142484 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Arovy|1=Cross-wiki spam, please see [[:meta:Talk:Wikiproject:Antispam#Cross-wiki spam linked to Wikimedia IRL projects/chapters]].}} [[Sary:Polux 5 - Brésil 2.jpg|vignette|Fanadihadiana an'ny Polux 5]] '''Polux''' dia fitaovana fandrefesana ahafahana manamarina ny toetry ny tsato-kazo hazo ampiasaina amin’ny herinaratra sy fifandraisan-davitra. == Famaritana == Ny teknolojia Polux dia ahafahana manao fanombanana momba ny fiarovana sy ny fikojakojana<ref>{{Lien web |titre=Sécurité et durabilité des infrastructures sur poteaux en bois : un enjeu stratégique |url=https://www.construction21.org/france/articles/h/securite-et-durabilite-des-infrastructures-sur-poteaux-en-bois-un-enjeu-strategique.html}}</ref>. Ireo fandrefesana dia manampy amin’ny fiarovana ny fiakarana amin’ny tsato-kazo ataon’ny mpiasa ary manamarina ny toetry ny hazo mba hanombanana ny androm-piainany sisa<ref>{{Lien web |langue=fr |auteur=Fabienne Tisserand |titre=CBS : expertise des bois anciens et préconisations pour leur réemploi |url=http://www.leboisinternational.com/deuxieme-transformation/construction-bois/cbs-expertise-des-bois-anciens-et-preconisations-pour-leur-reemploi-702883.php/?latest |accès url=libre |site=www.leboisinternational.com, Le Bois International |date=2022-07-22 |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>{{,}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://artecbtp.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/IPS-3.pdf |title=kopian'ny arisiva |access-date=2025-11-19 |archive-date=2021-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517133642/https://artecbtp.fr/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/IPS-3.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Miasa miaraka amin’ny rindranasa Picus izy, izay mampiasa angona azo avy amin’ny fandrefesana ny hakitroky ny hazo eo amin’ny haavon’ny tany sy ny fandrefesana hygroscopique<ref>{{Lien web |titre=The Importance of the Nondestructive Technologies for Wooden Poles Network Asset Management |url=https://www.ndt.net/article/v11n04/benoit/benoit.htm |site=www.ndt.net |consulté le=2023-07-30 }} {{Wayback|url=https://www.ndt.net/article/v11n04/benoit/benoit.htm |date=20150907144000 }}</ref>{{,}}<ref>https://poles.com/WebRoot/Store4/Shops/08fd78c5-abfa-4217-9263-68fec9605ccc/MediaGallery/Internal_Treatment_Data__Doc/SEPOLECONF20112CMikeFreemanInspectionDevices2CCostBenefitAnalysis.pdf</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Lien web |langue=en |titre=Polux® a Practical Non-Destructive Technology for Measurement of Wood Pole Strength |url=https://electricenergyonline.com/energy/magazine/10/article/Polux-a-Practical-Non-Destructive-Technology-for-Measurement-of-Wood-Pole-Strength.htm |site=Electric Energy Online |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>. == Tantara == Ny teknolojia Polux dia novolavolaina tamin’ny fiandohan’ny taona 1990 nataon’ny profesora [[Jean-Luc Sandoz]], ho setrin’ny fangatahan’ny EDF izay niatrika olana roa: ny fiarovana sy ny faharetan’ny tsato-kazony<ref>{{Lien web |langue=fr |auteur=Jean-Luc Sandoz |titre=Le bois dans la construction: innovations et perspectives |url=https://doi.org/10.5169/seals-80287 |site=Tracés - bulletin technique de la Suisse romande |date=19.06.2002 |doi=10.5169/seals-80287 |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>. Entin’ny orinasa CBS-Lifteam izany<ref name=":1" />. Tamin’ny 2003, naseho tamin’ny faha-17 Congrès international des réseaux électriques de distribution tao Barcelone ity teknolojia ity<ref>{{Lien web |langue=en |auteur=[[Jean-Luc Sandoz]], Yann Benoit |titre=In field non destructive tests for wooden poles for the security and the maintenance of the overhead power lines. |url=http://www.cired.net/publications/cired2003/reports/R%201-52.pdf |format=pdf |accès url=libre |site=cired.net |date=12-15 mai 2003 }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.cired.net/publications/cired2003/reports/R%201-52.pdf |date=20230813200915 }}</ref>. Tamin’ny 2006, ny faha-14 symposium iraisam-pirenena momba ny fitsapana tsy manimba dia nampiseho ny fandrosoana nataon’ity teknolojia ity<ref name=":0" />. Tamin’ny 2011, ny seminera iraisam-pirenena momba ny mpamatsy angovo herinaratra dia nampiseho ny fampiasana ny Polux any Alemaina, indrindra amin’ny ohatra an’ny Deutsche Telekom<ref>[https://www.cired.net/publications/cired2011/part1/papers/CIRED2011_1115_final.pdf CIRED]</ref>. Ny kinova faha-5 dia ahafahana manangona sy manodina angona haingana kokoa, miaraka amin’ny fitaovana kely kokoa sy ny rindranasa Picus azo alaina amin’ny smartphone<ref>{{Lien web|auteur=Sophie Marenne |titre=CBS-CBT, l’expert mondial du bois enraciné en Suisse romande |url=https://agefi.com/actualites/entreprises/cbs-cbt-lexpert-mondial-du-bois-enracine-en-suisse-romande |accès url=limité |site=Agefi.com, L'Agefi |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>{{,}}<ref name=":1">{{Lien web |auteur=Fabienne Tisserand |titre=CBT : le contrôle non destructif du bois au service de son usage efficient |url=http://www.leboisinternational.com/premiere-transformation/exploitation-forestiere/cbt-le-controle-non-destructif-du-bois-au-service-de-son-usage-efficient-701246.php/?latest |accès url=libre |site=Le Bois International |date=2022-06-07 |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>. Ny teknolojia Polux dia ampiasaina any amin’ny firenena maro, indrindra any Etazonia, Kanada ary Aostralia<ref>{{Lien web |langue=en-US |nom=beardsworth |titre=POLUX - Non Destructive Wood Pole Inspection |url=https://www.cleantech.org/1999/06/11/polux-non-destructive-wood-pole-inspection/ |site=Cleantech.Org |date=1999-06-11 |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>[https://img1.wsimg.com/blobby/go/b59b478e-7b06-4b61-a5f0-e89532c5f6cf/downloads/1ch3kglpi_212058.pdf?ver=1552081674329 PowerPoint Presentation]</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Lien web |titre=Nos anciens ont du talent : Zoom sur Jean-Luc Sandoz, promo 1983 |url=https://www.enstib.univ-lorraine.fr/fr/nos-anciens-ont-du-talent-zoom-sur-jean-luc-sandoz-promo-1983/ |site=École Nationale Supérieure des Technologies et Industries du Bois d'Épinal ENSTIB |date=2021-06-08 |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{Lien web |titre=Innovative products for asset life extension {{!}} TEN Group |url=https://www.tengroup.com.au/blogs/news/2019/May/24/innovative_products_for_asset_life_extension |site=tengroup.com.au |consulté le=2023-07-30}}</ref>. == Loka sy mari-boninahitra == * Tamin’ny 2003, ny Wall Street Journal dia nanome ny loka voalohany amin’ny fanavaozana ho an’ny teknolojia Polux<ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB107004194977850100 Pole Position - WSJ]</ref>. == Fanampiny == === Jereo koa === * [[Sylvatest]] == Fanamarihana == <references /> [[Sokajy:Fitaovana]] lcpbibhoa1db3jvy48u8pnwfxqg9n7z 0 296421 1142463 1141910 2026-06-10T12:50:20Z Gustavo523 39958 Tsy azoko hoe nahoana no tianareo fafana ity pejy ity nefa pejy tena manan-danja ho an’ny firenenay izy ity. Fantatro tsara io fitaovana io ary ampiasaina eto amin’ny nosintsika izy io, sady efa fanta-daza ary misy loharano azo antoka tsara afaka manamarina ny fisiany sy ny fahombiazany. Tsy azoko hoe nahoana ianareo no mitady hanaisotra ity pejy ity, indrindra amin’ity teny ity, nefa hita mihitsy hoe olona tsy miteny an’ity teny ity ianareo sady tsy avy amin’izany kolontsaina izany. 1142463 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Réemploi test Sylvatest.jpg|vignette|Fanadihadiana an'ny Sylvatest 4 ]] Ny '''Sylvatest''' dia fitaovana fandrefesana mampiasa ny ''ultrasons'' izay ahafahana manao fitiliana ankapobeny ny singa hazo iray mba hitsapana ny heriny na ny faharetany (résistance mécanique). == Famaritana == Ny '''Sylvatest''' dia fitaovana fandrefesana mampiasa onja ultrasonika amin'ny fanaovana diagnostic amin'ny fomba feno momba ny singa hazo, amin'ny alalan'ny fandrefesana ny hafainganam-pandeha sy ny fandraisana angovo amin'ny onja ultrasonika mandalo amin'ny hazo. Izany dia manampy amin'ny fanombanana ny faharetan'ny hazo amin'ny alalan'ny toe-javatra ara-pahasalamany ny tron'ny hazo na ny hazo andrefesana, raha tsy misy fahavoazana.<ref name=":0">{{Lien web|langue=fr|auteur=Fabienne Tisserand|titre=CBT : le contrôle non destructif du bois au service de son usage efficient|url=http://www.leboisinternational.com/premiere-transformation/exploitation-forestiere/cbt-le-controle-non-destructif-du-bois-au-service-de-son-usage-efficient-701246.php/?latest|accès url=libre|site=www.leboisinternational.com, Le Bois International|date=2022-06-07|consulté le=2023-05-29}}</ref>{{,}} == Teknolojia == Ity fitaovana ity dia miasa amin'ny fandefasana onja ultrasonika mankany amin'ny hazo, mandrefy ny hafainganam-pandehan'ireny onja ireny ary ny angovo raisin'ny hazo. Izy io dia novolavolain'ny Profesora [[Jean-Luc Sandoz]] tamin'ny EPFL tamin'ny taona 1984, ary ny fivoarany dia natanterahina tamin'ny taona 1998 miaraka amin'ny fikarohana nataon'i Yann Benoit. Tamin'ny taona 2022, ny dikan-teny vaovao an'ny Sylvatest dia nampiasa ny teknolojia Bluetooth, ka izany dia tsy mitaky tariby intsony<ref>[https://www.cahiers-techniques-batiment.fr/article/plus-d-ingenierie-moins-de-matiere-dans-la-construction-bois.68527 « Plus d’ingénierie, moins de matière dans la construction bois » - Cahiers Techniques du Bâtiment (CTB)]</ref>. == Fampiasana == Ny Sylvatest dia ampiasaina manerana izao tontolo izao amin'ny tanjona isan-karazany, ao anatin'izany ny: ''Fanombanana hazo'': Manampy amin'ny fandrefesana ny kalitaon'ny hazo sy ny faharetany amin'ny tetikasa fanorenana. ''Fanamboarana amin'ny lova ara-tantara:'' Ampiasaina amin'ny fandrefesana ny toetry ny hazo amin'ny fanamboarana tranobe ara-tantara toy ny Entrepôts des magasins généraux de Paris, ny Cité Interdite ao Peking<ref>[https://immobilier.lefigaro.fr/article/de-la-fleche-de-notre-dame-a-la-cite-interdite-de-pekin-cette-technologie-franco-suisse-ausculte-le-bois-dans-tous-ses-etats-20251119 De la flèche de Notre-Dame à la Cité interdite de Pékin, cette technologie franco-suisse ausculte le bois dans tous ses états]</ref>, ny Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Paris ary ny Château de Valère. ''Fankatoavana kalitao'': Ampiasaina ihany koa amin'ny fanombanana sy fanamarinana ny kalitaon'ny hazo ho an'ny fanomezana marika Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC), toy ny Bois des Alpes sy Bois de Chartreuse. <ref>[https://www.afriqueopinion.ch/sylvatest-de-bafoussam-a-valere/ SYLVATEST : De Bafoussam à Valère ! – Afrique Opinion]</ref> Misy an'ny Sylvatest ao anaty tany any amin'ny toerana ohatran'ny Azia. <ref>[https://bois.fordaq.com/news/Sylvatest_Asie_Sandoz_AlfadB_111743.html Le Sylvatest à la conquête de l'Asie]</ref> == Tsiahy sy Loharano == <references/> * == Lahatsoratra mifandraika == * [[Polux]] == Rohy ivelany == * [Sylvatest – IPETech](https://ipetech.tech/tecnologias/sylvatest/) * [Sylvatest 4 – Dianjiang Group](http://www.dianjianghk.com/product/showproduct.php?lang=en&id=1226) {{Portail|forêt|Technologie|Suisse}} [[Sokajy:Fitaovana]] rzyn1de3tqy51vja15szq2vrpdj1rbj 1142465 1142463 2026-06-10T12:58:05Z Jules* 13115 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/Gustavo523|Gustavo523]] ([[User talk:Gustavo523|talk]]): Let a sysop or the community decide. (TwinkleGlobal) 1142465 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Arovy|1=Cross-wiki spam, please see [[:meta:Talk:Wikiproject:Antispam#Cross-wiki spam linked to Wikimedia IRL projects/chapters]].}} [[Sary:Réemploi test Sylvatest.jpg|vignette|Fanadihadiana an'ny Sylvatest 4 ]] Ny '''Sylvatest''' dia fitaovana fandrefesana mampiasa ny ''ultrasons'' izay ahafahana manao fitiliana ankapobeny ny singa hazo iray mba hitsapana ny heriny na ny faharetany (résistance mécanique). == Famaritana == Ny '''Sylvatest''' dia fitaovana fandrefesana mampiasa onja ultrasonika amin'ny fanaovana diagnostic amin'ny fomba feno momba ny singa hazo, amin'ny alalan'ny fandrefesana ny hafainganam-pandeha sy ny fandraisana angovo amin'ny onja ultrasonika mandalo amin'ny hazo. Izany dia manampy amin'ny fanombanana ny faharetan'ny hazo amin'ny alalan'ny toe-javatra ara-pahasalamany ny tron'ny hazo na ny hazo andrefesana, raha tsy misy fahavoazana.<ref name=":0">{{Lien web|langue=fr|auteur=Fabienne Tisserand|titre=CBT : le contrôle non destructif du bois au service de son usage efficient|url=http://www.leboisinternational.com/premiere-transformation/exploitation-forestiere/cbt-le-controle-non-destructif-du-bois-au-service-de-son-usage-efficient-701246.php/?latest|accès url=libre|site=www.leboisinternational.com, Le Bois International|date=2022-06-07|consulté le=2023-05-29}}</ref>{{,}} == Teknolojia == Ity fitaovana ity dia miasa amin'ny fandefasana onja ultrasonika mankany amin'ny hazo, mandrefy ny hafainganam-pandehan'ireny onja ireny ary ny angovo raisin'ny hazo. Izy io dia novolavolain'ny Profesora [[Jean-Luc Sandoz]] tamin'ny EPFL tamin'ny taona 1984, ary ny fivoarany dia natanterahina tamin'ny taona 1998 miaraka amin'ny fikarohana nataon'i Yann Benoit. Tamin'ny taona 2022, ny dikan-teny vaovao an'ny Sylvatest dia nampiasa ny teknolojia Bluetooth, ka izany dia tsy mitaky tariby intsony<ref>[https://www.cahiers-techniques-batiment.fr/article/plus-d-ingenierie-moins-de-matiere-dans-la-construction-bois.68527 « Plus d’ingénierie, moins de matière dans la construction bois » - Cahiers Techniques du Bâtiment (CTB)]</ref>. == Fampiasana == Ny Sylvatest dia ampiasaina manerana izao tontolo izao amin'ny tanjona isan-karazany, ao anatin'izany ny: ''Fanombanana hazo'': Manampy amin'ny fandrefesana ny kalitaon'ny hazo sy ny faharetany amin'ny tetikasa fanorenana. ''Fanamboarana amin'ny lova ara-tantara:'' Ampiasaina amin'ny fandrefesana ny toetry ny hazo amin'ny fanamboarana tranobe ara-tantara toy ny Entrepôts des magasins généraux de Paris, ny Cité Interdite ao Peking<ref>[https://immobilier.lefigaro.fr/article/de-la-fleche-de-notre-dame-a-la-cite-interdite-de-pekin-cette-technologie-franco-suisse-ausculte-le-bois-dans-tous-ses-etats-20251119 De la flèche de Notre-Dame à la Cité interdite de Pékin, cette technologie franco-suisse ausculte le bois dans tous ses états]</ref>, ny Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Paris ary ny Château de Valère. ''Fankatoavana kalitao'': Ampiasaina ihany koa amin'ny fanombanana sy fanamarinana ny kalitaon'ny hazo ho an'ny fanomezana marika Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC), toy ny Bois des Alpes sy Bois de Chartreuse. <ref>[https://www.afriqueopinion.ch/sylvatest-de-bafoussam-a-valere/ SYLVATEST : De Bafoussam à Valère ! – Afrique Opinion]</ref> Misy an'ny Sylvatest ao anaty tany any amin'ny toerana ohatran'ny Azia. <ref>[https://bois.fordaq.com/news/Sylvatest_Asie_Sandoz_AlfadB_111743.html Le Sylvatest à la conquête de l'Asie]</ref> == Tsiahy sy Loharano == <references/> * == Lahatsoratra mifandraika == * [[Polux]] == Rohy ivelany == * [Sylvatest – IPETech](https://ipetech.tech/tecnologias/sylvatest/) * [Sylvatest 4 – Dianjiang Group](http://www.dianjianghk.com/product/showproduct.php?lang=en&id=1226) {{Portail|forêt|Technologie|Suisse}} [[Sokajy:Fitaovana]] bq9qym04epsigxlj8ezhqdtr9195k6s 1142472 1142465 2026-06-10T13:35:54Z Gustavo523 39958 I am also part of the community, why are you the only one who gets to decide and voice your opinion ? We have the right to voice our opinion too and i can tell that you haven't even read what I had to say which is disappointing especially when you're not even a malagasy person and im representing my ethnicity and community. 1142472 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Réemploi test Sylvatest.jpg|vignette|Fanadihadiana an'ny Sylvatest 4 ]] Ny '''Sylvatest''' dia fitaovana fandrefesana mampiasa ny ''ultrasons'' izay ahafahana manao fitiliana ankapobeny ny singa hazo iray mba hitsapana ny heriny na ny faharetany (résistance mécanique). == Famaritana == Ny '''Sylvatest''' dia fitaovana fandrefesana mampiasa onja ultrasonika amin'ny fanaovana diagnostic amin'ny fomba feno momba ny singa hazo, amin'ny alalan'ny fandrefesana ny hafainganam-pandeha sy ny fandraisana angovo amin'ny onja ultrasonika mandalo amin'ny hazo. Izany dia manampy amin'ny fanombanana ny faharetan'ny hazo amin'ny alalan'ny toe-javatra ara-pahasalamany ny tron'ny hazo na ny hazo andrefesana, raha tsy misy fahavoazana.<ref name=":0">{{Lien web|langue=fr|auteur=Fabienne Tisserand|titre=CBT : le contrôle non destructif du bois au service de son usage efficient|url=http://www.leboisinternational.com/premiere-transformation/exploitation-forestiere/cbt-le-controle-non-destructif-du-bois-au-service-de-son-usage-efficient-701246.php/?latest|accès url=libre|site=www.leboisinternational.com, Le Bois International|date=2022-06-07|consulté le=2023-05-29}}</ref>{{,}} == Teknolojia == Ity fitaovana ity dia miasa amin'ny fandefasana onja ultrasonika mankany amin'ny hazo, mandrefy ny hafainganam-pandehan'ireny onja ireny ary ny angovo raisin'ny hazo. Izy io dia novolavolain'ny Profesora [[Jean-Luc Sandoz]] tamin'ny EPFL tamin'ny taona 1984, ary ny fivoarany dia natanterahina tamin'ny taona 1998 miaraka amin'ny fikarohana nataon'i Yann Benoit. Tamin'ny taona 2022, ny dikan-teny vaovao an'ny Sylvatest dia nampiasa ny teknolojia Bluetooth, ka izany dia tsy mitaky tariby intsony<ref>[https://www.cahiers-techniques-batiment.fr/article/plus-d-ingenierie-moins-de-matiere-dans-la-construction-bois.68527 « Plus d’ingénierie, moins de matière dans la construction bois » - Cahiers Techniques du Bâtiment (CTB)]</ref>. == Fampiasana == Ny Sylvatest dia ampiasaina manerana izao tontolo izao amin'ny tanjona isan-karazany, ao anatin'izany ny: ''Fanombanana hazo'': Manampy amin'ny fandrefesana ny kalitaon'ny hazo sy ny faharetany amin'ny tetikasa fanorenana. ''Fanamboarana amin'ny lova ara-tantara:'' Ampiasaina amin'ny fandrefesana ny toetry ny hazo amin'ny fanamboarana tranobe ara-tantara toy ny Entrepôts des magasins généraux de Paris, ny Cité Interdite ao Peking<ref>[https://immobilier.lefigaro.fr/article/de-la-fleche-de-notre-dame-a-la-cite-interdite-de-pekin-cette-technologie-franco-suisse-ausculte-le-bois-dans-tous-ses-etats-20251119 De la flèche de Notre-Dame à la Cité interdite de Pékin, cette technologie franco-suisse ausculte le bois dans tous ses états]</ref>, ny Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Paris ary ny Château de Valère. ''Fankatoavana kalitao'': Ampiasaina ihany koa amin'ny fanombanana sy fanamarinana ny kalitaon'ny hazo ho an'ny fanomezana marika Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC), toy ny Bois des Alpes sy Bois de Chartreuse. <ref>[https://www.afriqueopinion.ch/sylvatest-de-bafoussam-a-valere/ SYLVATEST : De Bafoussam à Valère ! – Afrique Opinion]</ref> Misy an'ny Sylvatest ao anaty tany any amin'ny toerana ohatran'ny Azia. <ref>[https://bois.fordaq.com/news/Sylvatest_Asie_Sandoz_AlfadB_111743.html Le Sylvatest à la conquête de l'Asie]</ref> == Tsiahy sy Loharano == <references/> * == Lahatsoratra mifandraika == * [[Polux]] == Rohy ivelany == * [Sylvatest – IPETech](https://ipetech.tech/tecnologias/sylvatest/) * [Sylvatest 4 – Dianjiang Group](http://www.dianjianghk.com/product/showproduct.php?lang=en&id=1226) {{Portail|forêt|Technologie|Suisse}} [[Sokajy:Fitaovana]] rzyn1de3tqy51vja15szq2vrpdj1rbj 1142475 1142472 2026-06-10T13:47:42Z Jules* 13115 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/Gustavo523|Gustavo523]] ([[User talk:Gustavo523|talk]]): You can't decide this alone and you are not part of the community, you are a single purpose account. (TwinkleGlobal) 1142475 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Arovy|1=Cross-wiki spam, please see [[:meta:Talk:Wikiproject:Antispam#Cross-wiki spam linked to Wikimedia IRL projects/chapters]].}} [[Sary:Réemploi test Sylvatest.jpg|vignette|Fanadihadiana an'ny Sylvatest 4 ]] Ny '''Sylvatest''' dia fitaovana fandrefesana mampiasa ny ''ultrasons'' izay ahafahana manao fitiliana ankapobeny ny singa hazo iray mba hitsapana ny heriny na ny faharetany (résistance mécanique). == Famaritana == Ny '''Sylvatest''' dia fitaovana fandrefesana mampiasa onja ultrasonika amin'ny fanaovana diagnostic amin'ny fomba feno momba ny singa hazo, amin'ny alalan'ny fandrefesana ny hafainganam-pandeha sy ny fandraisana angovo amin'ny onja ultrasonika mandalo amin'ny hazo. Izany dia manampy amin'ny fanombanana ny faharetan'ny hazo amin'ny alalan'ny toe-javatra ara-pahasalamany ny tron'ny hazo na ny hazo andrefesana, raha tsy misy fahavoazana.<ref name=":0">{{Lien web|langue=fr|auteur=Fabienne Tisserand|titre=CBT : le contrôle non destructif du bois au service de son usage efficient|url=http://www.leboisinternational.com/premiere-transformation/exploitation-forestiere/cbt-le-controle-non-destructif-du-bois-au-service-de-son-usage-efficient-701246.php/?latest|accès url=libre|site=www.leboisinternational.com, Le Bois International|date=2022-06-07|consulté le=2023-05-29}}</ref>{{,}} == Teknolojia == Ity fitaovana ity dia miasa amin'ny fandefasana onja ultrasonika mankany amin'ny hazo, mandrefy ny hafainganam-pandehan'ireny onja ireny ary ny angovo raisin'ny hazo. Izy io dia novolavolain'ny Profesora [[Jean-Luc Sandoz]] tamin'ny EPFL tamin'ny taona 1984, ary ny fivoarany dia natanterahina tamin'ny taona 1998 miaraka amin'ny fikarohana nataon'i Yann Benoit. Tamin'ny taona 2022, ny dikan-teny vaovao an'ny Sylvatest dia nampiasa ny teknolojia Bluetooth, ka izany dia tsy mitaky tariby intsony<ref>[https://www.cahiers-techniques-batiment.fr/article/plus-d-ingenierie-moins-de-matiere-dans-la-construction-bois.68527 « Plus d’ingénierie, moins de matière dans la construction bois » - Cahiers Techniques du Bâtiment (CTB)]</ref>. == Fampiasana == Ny Sylvatest dia ampiasaina manerana izao tontolo izao amin'ny tanjona isan-karazany, ao anatin'izany ny: ''Fanombanana hazo'': Manampy amin'ny fandrefesana ny kalitaon'ny hazo sy ny faharetany amin'ny tetikasa fanorenana. ''Fanamboarana amin'ny lova ara-tantara:'' Ampiasaina amin'ny fandrefesana ny toetry ny hazo amin'ny fanamboarana tranobe ara-tantara toy ny Entrepôts des magasins généraux de Paris, ny Cité Interdite ao Peking<ref>[https://immobilier.lefigaro.fr/article/de-la-fleche-de-notre-dame-a-la-cite-interdite-de-pekin-cette-technologie-franco-suisse-ausculte-le-bois-dans-tous-ses-etats-20251119 De la flèche de Notre-Dame à la Cité interdite de Pékin, cette technologie franco-suisse ausculte le bois dans tous ses états]</ref>, ny Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Paris ary ny Château de Valère. ''Fankatoavana kalitao'': Ampiasaina ihany koa amin'ny fanombanana sy fanamarinana ny kalitaon'ny hazo ho an'ny fanomezana marika Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC), toy ny Bois des Alpes sy Bois de Chartreuse. <ref>[https://www.afriqueopinion.ch/sylvatest-de-bafoussam-a-valere/ SYLVATEST : De Bafoussam à Valère ! – Afrique Opinion]</ref> Misy an'ny Sylvatest ao anaty tany any amin'ny toerana ohatran'ny Azia. <ref>[https://bois.fordaq.com/news/Sylvatest_Asie_Sandoz_AlfadB_111743.html Le Sylvatest à la conquête de l'Asie]</ref> == Tsiahy sy Loharano == <references/> * == Lahatsoratra mifandraika == * [[Polux]] == Rohy ivelany == * [Sylvatest – IPETech](https://ipetech.tech/tecnologias/sylvatest/) * [Sylvatest 4 – Dianjiang Group](http://www.dianjianghk.com/product/showproduct.php?lang=en&id=1226) {{Portail|forêt|Technologie|Suisse}} [[Sokajy:Fitaovana]] bq9qym04epsigxlj8ezhqdtr9195k6s 1142486 1142475 2026-06-10T14:15:18Z Tsitoahina 39960 Étudiante en ingénierie du bois à Madagascar, je m'oppose fermement à cette suppression. Le Sylvatest est une technologie scientifique de référence mondiale apprise dans nos universités (comme à Antananarivo) pour étudier la résistance du bois. Ce n'est pas une page publicitaire, mais une source pédagogique cruciale pour nos travaux de recherche. Supprimer cette page nuit à l'accès au savoir pour notre communauté scientifique. 1142486 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Réemploi test Sylvatest.jpg|vignette|Fanadihadiana an'ny Sylvatest 4 ]] Ny '''Sylvatest''' dia fitaovana fandrefesana mampiasa ny ''ultrasons'' izay ahafahana manao fitiliana ankapobeny ny singa hazo iray mba hitsapana ny heriny na ny faharetany (résistance mécanique). == Famaritana == Ny '''Sylvatest''' dia fitaovana fandrefesana mampiasa onja ultrasonika amin'ny fanaovana diagnostic amin'ny fomba feno momba ny singa hazo, amin'ny alalan'ny fandrefesana ny hafainganam-pandeha sy ny fandraisana angovo amin'ny onja ultrasonika mandalo amin'ny hazo. Izany dia manampy amin'ny fanombanana ny faharetan'ny hazo amin'ny alalan'ny toe-javatra ara-pahasalamany ny tron'ny hazo na ny hazo andrefesana, raha tsy misy fahavoazana.<ref name=":0">{{Lien web|langue=fr|auteur=Fabienne Tisserand|titre=CBT : le contrôle non destructif du bois au service de son usage efficient|url=http://www.leboisinternational.com/premiere-transformation/exploitation-forestiere/cbt-le-controle-non-destructif-du-bois-au-service-de-son-usage-efficient-701246.php/?latest|accès url=libre|site=www.leboisinternational.com, Le Bois International|date=2022-06-07|consulté le=2023-05-29}}</ref>{{,}} == Teknolojia == Ity fitaovana ity dia miasa amin'ny fandefasana onja ultrasonika mankany amin'ny hazo, mandrefy ny hafainganam-pandehan'ireny onja ireny ary ny angovo raisin'ny hazo. Izy io dia novolavolain'ny Profesora [[Jean-Luc Sandoz]] tamin'ny EPFL tamin'ny taona 1984, ary ny fivoarany dia natanterahina tamin'ny taona 1998 miaraka amin'ny fikarohana nataon'i Yann Benoit. Tamin'ny taona 2022, ny dikan-teny vaovao an'ny Sylvatest dia nampiasa ny teknolojia Bluetooth, ka izany dia tsy mitaky tariby intsony<ref>[https://www.cahiers-techniques-batiment.fr/article/plus-d-ingenierie-moins-de-matiere-dans-la-construction-bois.68527 « Plus d’ingénierie, moins de matière dans la construction bois » - Cahiers Techniques du Bâtiment (CTB)]</ref>. == Fampiasana == Ny Sylvatest dia ampiasaina manerana izao tontolo izao amin'ny tanjona isan-karazany, ao anatin'izany ny: ''Fanombanana hazo'': Manampy amin'ny fandrefesana ny kalitaon'ny hazo sy ny faharetany amin'ny tetikasa fanorenana. ''Fanamboarana amin'ny lova ara-tantara:'' Ampiasaina amin'ny fandrefesana ny toetry ny hazo amin'ny fanamboarana tranobe ara-tantara toy ny Entrepôts des magasins généraux de Paris, ny Cité Interdite ao Peking<ref>[https://immobilier.lefigaro.fr/article/de-la-fleche-de-notre-dame-a-la-cite-interdite-de-pekin-cette-technologie-franco-suisse-ausculte-le-bois-dans-tous-ses-etats-20251119 De la flèche de Notre-Dame à la Cité interdite de Pékin, cette technologie franco-suisse ausculte le bois dans tous ses états]</ref>, ny Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Paris ary ny Château de Valère. ''Fankatoavana kalitao'': Ampiasaina ihany koa amin'ny fanombanana sy fanamarinana ny kalitaon'ny hazo ho an'ny fanomezana marika Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC), toy ny Bois des Alpes sy Bois de Chartreuse. <ref>[https://www.afriqueopinion.ch/sylvatest-de-bafoussam-a-valere/ SYLVATEST : De Bafoussam à Valère ! – Afrique Opinion]</ref> Misy an'ny Sylvatest ao anaty tany any amin'ny toerana ohatran'ny Azia. <ref>[https://bois.fordaq.com/news/Sylvatest_Asie_Sandoz_AlfadB_111743.html Le Sylvatest à la conquête de l'Asie]</ref> == Tsiahy sy Loharano == <references/> * == Lahatsoratra mifandraika == * [[Polux]] == Rohy ivelany == * [Sylvatest – IPETech](https://ipetech.tech/tecnologias/sylvatest/) * [Sylvatest 4 – Dianjiang Group](http://www.dianjianghk.com/product/showproduct.php?lang=en&id=1226) {{Portail|forêt|Technologie|Suisse}} [[Sokajy:Fitaovana]] rzyn1de3tqy51vja15szq2vrpdj1rbj 1142487 1142486 2026-06-10T14:15:44Z Jules* 13115 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/Tsitoahina|Tsitoahina]] ([[User talk:Tsitoahina|talk]]): SPA / sock (TwinkleGlobal) 1142487 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Arovy|1=Cross-wiki spam, please see [[:meta:Talk:Wikiproject:Antispam#Cross-wiki spam linked to Wikimedia IRL projects/chapters]].}} [[Sary:Réemploi test Sylvatest.jpg|vignette|Fanadihadiana an'ny Sylvatest 4 ]] Ny '''Sylvatest''' dia fitaovana fandrefesana mampiasa ny ''ultrasons'' izay ahafahana manao fitiliana ankapobeny ny singa hazo iray mba hitsapana ny heriny na ny faharetany (résistance mécanique). == Famaritana == Ny '''Sylvatest''' dia fitaovana fandrefesana mampiasa onja ultrasonika amin'ny fanaovana diagnostic amin'ny fomba feno momba ny singa hazo, amin'ny alalan'ny fandrefesana ny hafainganam-pandeha sy ny fandraisana angovo amin'ny onja ultrasonika mandalo amin'ny hazo. Izany dia manampy amin'ny fanombanana ny faharetan'ny hazo amin'ny alalan'ny toe-javatra ara-pahasalamany ny tron'ny hazo na ny hazo andrefesana, raha tsy misy fahavoazana.<ref name=":0">{{Lien web|langue=fr|auteur=Fabienne Tisserand|titre=CBT : le contrôle non destructif du bois au service de son usage efficient|url=http://www.leboisinternational.com/premiere-transformation/exploitation-forestiere/cbt-le-controle-non-destructif-du-bois-au-service-de-son-usage-efficient-701246.php/?latest|accès url=libre|site=www.leboisinternational.com, Le Bois International|date=2022-06-07|consulté le=2023-05-29}}</ref>{{,}} == Teknolojia == Ity fitaovana ity dia miasa amin'ny fandefasana onja ultrasonika mankany amin'ny hazo, mandrefy ny hafainganam-pandehan'ireny onja ireny ary ny angovo raisin'ny hazo. Izy io dia novolavolain'ny Profesora [[Jean-Luc Sandoz]] tamin'ny EPFL tamin'ny taona 1984, ary ny fivoarany dia natanterahina tamin'ny taona 1998 miaraka amin'ny fikarohana nataon'i Yann Benoit. Tamin'ny taona 2022, ny dikan-teny vaovao an'ny Sylvatest dia nampiasa ny teknolojia Bluetooth, ka izany dia tsy mitaky tariby intsony<ref>[https://www.cahiers-techniques-batiment.fr/article/plus-d-ingenierie-moins-de-matiere-dans-la-construction-bois.68527 « Plus d’ingénierie, moins de matière dans la construction bois » - Cahiers Techniques du Bâtiment (CTB)]</ref>. == Fampiasana == Ny Sylvatest dia ampiasaina manerana izao tontolo izao amin'ny tanjona isan-karazany, ao anatin'izany ny: ''Fanombanana hazo'': Manampy amin'ny fandrefesana ny kalitaon'ny hazo sy ny faharetany amin'ny tetikasa fanorenana. ''Fanamboarana amin'ny lova ara-tantara:'' Ampiasaina amin'ny fandrefesana ny toetry ny hazo amin'ny fanamboarana tranobe ara-tantara toy ny Entrepôts des magasins généraux de Paris, ny Cité Interdite ao Peking<ref>[https://immobilier.lefigaro.fr/article/de-la-fleche-de-notre-dame-a-la-cite-interdite-de-pekin-cette-technologie-franco-suisse-ausculte-le-bois-dans-tous-ses-etats-20251119 De la flèche de Notre-Dame à la Cité interdite de Pékin, cette technologie franco-suisse ausculte le bois dans tous ses états]</ref>, ny Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Paris ary ny Château de Valère. ''Fankatoavana kalitao'': Ampiasaina ihany koa amin'ny fanombanana sy fanamarinana ny kalitaon'ny hazo ho an'ny fanomezana marika Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC), toy ny Bois des Alpes sy Bois de Chartreuse. <ref>[https://www.afriqueopinion.ch/sylvatest-de-bafoussam-a-valere/ SYLVATEST : De Bafoussam à Valère ! – Afrique Opinion]</ref> Misy an'ny Sylvatest ao anaty tany any amin'ny toerana ohatran'ny Azia. <ref>[https://bois.fordaq.com/news/Sylvatest_Asie_Sandoz_AlfadB_111743.html Le Sylvatest à la conquête de l'Asie]</ref> == Tsiahy sy Loharano == <references/> * == Lahatsoratra mifandraika == * [[Polux]] == Rohy ivelany == * [Sylvatest – IPETech](https://ipetech.tech/tecnologias/sylvatest/) * [Sylvatest 4 – Dianjiang Group](http://www.dianjianghk.com/product/showproduct.php?lang=en&id=1226) {{Portail|forêt|Technologie|Suisse}} [[Sokajy:Fitaovana]] bq9qym04epsigxlj8ezhqdtr9195k6s 0 296422 1142590 1130747 2026-06-11T05:51:48Z HarryWurst 36292 1142590 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Ana-campagnolo.jpg|thumb|Ana Campagnolo]] '''Ana Caroline Campagnolo Galvão''' (teraka ny 26 Novambra 1990 tao [[Itajaí]]) dia [[mpanao politika]], Mpampianatra ary mpahay tantara, miaraka amin'ny [[Partido Liberal|Antoko Liberaly]] (PL). Tamin'ny taona 2018 dia solontenam-panjakana voafidy tany {{Santa Catarina}}, izy tamin'ny Febroary 2019.<ref> [https://ndmais.com.c/ana-campagnolo-e-a-deputada- estadual-voltada-de-sc-nas-eleicoes-2022 Ana Campagnolo é a deputada estadual mais votada de SC nas Eleições 2022]</ref><ref>(fr) [https://www.autresbresils.net/Qui-est-Ana-Caroline-Campagnolo-la-depute-qui-veut-denoncer-les-enseignants Qui est Ana Caroline Campagnolo, la député qui veut dénoncer les enseignants « idéologues »]</ref> ==Tantaram-piainany== Ana Caroline Campagnolo dia nampianatra tantara tao amin'ny sekolim-panjakana tany [[Chapecó]], any andrefan'ny Santa Catarina, nanomboka tamin'ny taona 2010. == Tantaran'ny Fifidianana == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- ! Taona ! Fifidianana ! Antoko ! ! Vato ! % ! Vokatra ! Ref |- | 2018 | Fifidianana ao Santa Catarina | [[Partido Liberal|PSL]] | rowspan="2" | Solontenan'ny Fanjakana | 34,825 | 0.95% | Voafidy | |- | 2022 | Fifidianana ao Santa Catarina | [[Partido Liberal|PL]] | 196,571 | 4.88% | |Voafidy | <ref>(pt) [https://ndmais.com.br/politica-sc/ana-campagnolo-e-a-deputada-estadual-mais-voltada-de-sc-nas-eleicoes-2022/| titulo=Ana Campagnolo é a deputada estadual mais votoda de SC nas Eleições 2022]</ref> |- |} ==Jereo koa== {{commonscat}} {{CLEDETRI:Campaggnolo, Ana Caroline}} [[Sokajy:Partido Liberal]] [[Sokajy:Solombavambahoaka breziliana]] [[Sokajy:Mpanao politika ao Santa Catarina]] [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1990]] [[Sokajy:Mpampianatra breziliana]] 6qk41b39rpd513ejtjjc2bhyk999jl9 0 297133 1142467 1126399 2026-06-10T12:59:03Z Thelezifor 15140 1142467 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Paramollugo nudicaulis 201972098.jpg|vignette|408x408px|Aferontany (''Paramollugo nudicaulis'')]] [[Sary:Mollugo nudicaulis W2 IMG 1694.jpg|vignette|308x308px|Aferontany (''Paramollugo nudicaulis'')]] Ny '''''Paramollugo nudicaulis''''' dia karazan-javamaniry [[Angiospermae|mamony]] ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Molluginaceae]]'' sy ao amin' ny filaharana [[Caryophyllales]]. Teratany eto [[Madagasikara]] sy ao amin' ny nosy manodidina azy izy io tany am-boalohany, fa lasa niparitaka be ho ahi-dratsy manerana an' i [[Afrika]] trôpikaly, any atsimo amin' i [[Arabia]], ary any [[Azia Atsimo]] sy [[Azia Atsimo-Atsinanana|Atsimo Atsinanana]]. Amin' ny [[Fiteny malagasy|teny malagasy]] izy io dia atao hoe '''aferontany''', '''felatanandradaka''', '''kiferoferontany''', '''todihaodrangadina'''. Anisan' ny zavamaniry fanao raokandro izy io. Taloha izy io dia natao hoe '''''Mollugo nudicaulis'''''. == Jereo koa == * ''[[Paramollugo]]'' * ''[[Mollugo]]'' * ''[[Glinus]]'' * [[Aferontany]]: anarana zavamaniry roa samy hafa amin' ny teny malagasy (''[[Tachiadenus carinatus]]'' sy ''Paramollugo nudicaulis'') c5iubzjzuydr0staiqqslagr6uen3be 0 297602 1142582 1128910 2026-06-11T04:15:27Z HarryWurst 36292 1142582 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Felipe Camozzato.png|thumb|Felipe Camozzato]] '''Felipe Zortéa Camozzato''' (teraka 9 Janoary 1988 tao [[Nova Bassano]]) dia [[mpanao politika]] [[Brezila|breziliana]] mifandray amin'ny [[Partido Novo|Antoko Novo]] (NOVO).<ref>(pt) [https://novo.org.br/eleitos/felipe-camozzato/ Partido Novo]</ref> Manana diplaoma momba ny Fitantanana sy manam-pahaizana manokana momba ny Fitantanam-bola avy amin'ny Oniversite Federaly ao Rio Grande do Sul izy. ==Mpanolotsaina ny Tanàna== Felipe no voafidy voalohany ho mpanolotsaina ny tanàna tao [[Porto Alegre]] tamin'ny taona 2016, nahazo vato 10.488. Nirotsaka hofidiana ho mpanolotsaina ny tanàna indray izy tamin'ny taona 2020 ary voafidy indray. ==Solombavambahoaka== Tamin'ny fifidianana ny taona 2022, voafidy ho solontenan'ny fanjakana ho an'ny NOVO izy, ary nahazo toerana tao amin'ny Antenimieran-doholona ao {{Rio Grande do Sul}} ho an'ny Antenimiera faha-56 tamin'ny vato 39.517.<ref>(pt) [https://resultados.tre-rs.jus.br/eleicoes/2022/546/RS.html Resultados electorais]</ref> ==Jereo koa== {{commonscat}} {{CLEDETRI:Camazzato, Felipe}} [[fr:Felipe Camozzatto]] [[Sokajy:Mpanao politika breziliana]] [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1988]] [[Sokajy:solombavambahoaka breziliana]] [[Sokajy:Partido Novo]] 889h7r7d0kl18cw7v96ucvfpqlcjio9 0 297656 1142554 1129663 2026-06-11T02:21:07Z HarryWurst 36292 1142554 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox olona |sary= Bassirou Diomaye Faye - 2024 (cropped).jpg |anarana=Bassirou Dimaye Faye |teraka= 25 martsa 1980 |maty= |firenena={{Senegala}} |mpiaraka= |asa= * [[mpanao politika]] |taona niasàna= }} '''Bassirou Diomaye Faye''' (teraka ny 25 martsa 1980 tao N'Diaganiao) dia [[mpanao politika]] Senegaley. Voafidy ho Filohan'i {{Senegala}} izy tamin'ny fifidianana filoham-pirenena tamin'ny taona 2024. == Filohan'ny Senegala == {|border="1" align="center" style="border: 10px solid #0; background-color:#FFFFFF" |-align="center" bgcolor="DDEEFF" !nodimbiasany ![[Sary:Flag_of_Senegal.svg|40px]] Filohan'ny [[Senegala]] !mpandimby |-align="center" | [[Macky Sall]]<br/> 2012-2024 || [[Bassirou Diomaye Faye]]<br/> 2024 <br/> || - <br/> |-bgcolor="#DDEEFF" |- |} ==Jereo koa== [[Sokajy:Mpanao politika senegaley]] [[sokajy:filohan’ ny Senegala]] [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1980]] awskmw16zrfngdcvzazai1cjxc3bau6 0 297657 1142555 1129662 2026-06-11T02:21:34Z HarryWurst 36292 1142555 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox olona |sary= Abdou Diouf.jpg |anarana=Abdou Diouf |teraka=7 Septambra 1935 |maty= |firenena={{Senegala}} |mpiaraka= |asa= * [[mpanao politika]] |taona niasàna= }} '''Abdou Diouf''' (teraka ny 7 Septambra 1935 tao Louga) no filoha faharoan'ny Repoblikan'i {{Senegala}} (1981 hatramin'ny 2000). == Filohan'ny Senegala == {|border="1" align="center" style="border: 10px solid #0; background-color:#FFFFFF" |-align="center" bgcolor="DDEEFF" !nodimbiasany ![[Sary:Flag_of_Senegal.svg|40px]] Filohan'ny [[Senegala]] !mpandimby |-align="center" | [[Léopold Sédar Senghor]]<br/> 1960-1980 || [[Abdou Diouf]]<br/> 1981-2000 <br/> || [[Abdoulaye Wade]]<br/> 2000-2012 <br/> |-bgcolor="#DDEEFF" |- |} ==Jereo koa== {{commonscat}} [[Sokajy:Praiministra senegaley]] [[Sokajy:Mpanao politika senegaley]] [[sokajy:filohan’ ny Senegala]] [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1935]] nblpg1n9rb2c58hfc505g86g7q9sszr 0 298912 1142458 1134540 2026-06-10T12:15:01Z Thelezifor 15140 1142458 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Aretin'ny tonon-taolana |synonym = |image =En.Wikipedia-VideoWiki-Gout.webm |image_size = |image_thumbtime =94 |alt =Horonan-tsary fohy maneho ny fivoaran'ny aretina Goty eny amin'ny tongotry ny olona iray. |caption =Video summary ([[Video:Gout|script]]). Leading with ''The Gout'' ([[James Gillray]], 1799) depicts the pain of the artist's gout as a [[demon]] or [[dragon]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Brookhiser|first=Richard|title=Gentleman Revolutionary: Gouverneur Morris, the Rake Who Wrote the Constitution|date=2008|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=9781439104088|page=212|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HBdxESrTkHsC&pg=PA212|access-date=2016-01-10|archive-date=2016-05-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501163529/https://books.google.com/books?id=HBdxESrTkHsC&pg=PA212|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Haslam|first=Fiona|title=From Hogarth to Rowlandson : medicine in art in eighteenth-century Britain|date=1996|publisher=Liverpool University Press|location=Liverpool|isbn=9780853236405|page=143|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ab_pQOdi2fUC&pg=PA143|edition=1. publ.|access-date=2016-01-10|archive-date=2016-05-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513151127/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ab_pQOdi2fUC&pg=PA143|url-status=live}}</ref> |pronounce ={{IPAc-en|ɡ|aʊ|t}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Gout {{!}} Definition of Gout by Lexico |url=https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/gout |website=Lexico Dictionaries {{!}} English |access-date=20 October 2019 |language=en |archive-date=19 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019015640/https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/gout |url-status=live }}</ref> |specialty = |symptoms =[[Fanaintainan'ny tonon-taolana]], [[fivontosana amin'ny tonon-taolana]], sy [[mena hoditra]]<ref name="Dalbeth2016">{{cite journal|last1=Dalbeth|first1=N|last2=Merriman|first2=TR|last3=Stamp|first3=LK|title=Gout|journal=Lancet|date=April 2016|volume=388|issue=10055|pages=2039–52|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00346-9|pmid=27112094|type=Review}}</ref> |onset =Lehilahy efa antitra,<ref name="Dalbeth2016" /> [[fijanonan'ny fadimbolana]]<ref name=Hui2017/> |duration = |causes =[[Asidra urika]]<ref name=Hui2017/> |risks =Rafitra sakafo be hena sy labiera, [[matavy loatra]]<ref name="Dalbeth2016" /><ref name=Be2016/> |diagnosis = |differential =[[Aretin'ny tonon-taolana vokatry ny otrikaretina]], [[Aretin'ny tonon-taolana vokatry ny hery fiarovan'ny tena]], [[aretin'ny tonon-taolana mitovy amin'ny Goty]], hafa<ref name="Neogi2016">{{cite journal |last1=Neogi |first1=T |title=Gout |journal=Annals of Internal Medicine |date=July 2016 |volume=165 |issue=1 |pages=ITC1-16 |doi=10.7326/AITC201607050 |pmid=27380294|type=Review}}</ref> |prevention =Fihenan-danja, [[vitamin C]], tsy misotro toaka, [[allopurinol]]<ref name=Lancet2010/> |treatment =[[fanafody manohitra fivontosana tsy misy ''Sterid"|NSAIDs]], [[fanafody|steroids]], [[colchicine]]<ref name=Hui2017/><ref name=Qa2017>{{cite journal|last1=Qaseem|first1=A|last2=Harris|first2=RP|last3=Forciea|first3=MA|last4=Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of|first4=Physicians.|title=Management of Acute and Recurrent Gout: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American College of Physicians|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|date=3 January 2017|volume=166|issue=1|pages=58–68|pmid=27802508|doi=10.7326/m16-0570|doi-access=free}}</ref> |medication = |prognosis = |frequency =1–2% (tontolo mandroso)<ref name=Lancet2010/> |deaths = }} Ny '''gaotra''' na '''aretin'ny tonon-taolana''' dia karazana aretin-kozatra izay miavaka amin'ny fihetsehan'ny tonon-taolana mena, mangidihidy, mafana ary mivonto miverimberina.<ref name="Dalbeth2016" /><ref name="Hui2017">{{Cite journal|last=Hui|first=M|last2=Carr|first2=A|last3=Cameron|first3=S|last4=Davenport|first4=G|last5=Doherty|first5=M|last6=Forrester|first6=H|last7=Jenkins|first7=W|last8=Jordan|first8=KM|last9=Mallen|first9=CD|last10=McDonald|first10=TM|last11=Nuki|first11=G|last12=Pywell|first12=A|last13=Zhang|first13=W|last14=Roddy|first14=E|last15=British Society for Rheumatology Standards, Audit and Guidelines Working|first15=Group.|title=The British Society for Rheumatology Guideline for the Management of Gout|journal=Rheumatology (Oxford, England)|volume=56|issue=7|pages=e1–e20|date=26 May 2017|doi=10.1093/rheumatology/kex156|pmid=28549177|doi-access=free}}</ref> Matetika ny fanaintainana dia miseho haingana, mahatratra ny hamafiny indrindra ao anatin'ny latsaky ny 12 ora.<ref name="Lancet2010">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Richette P, Bardin T|title=Gout|journal=Lancet|volume=375|issue=9711|pages=318–28|date=January 2010|pmid=19692116|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60883-7|url=}}</ref> Ny tonon-taolana eo amin'ny fototry ny rantsan-tongotra lehibe no voakasika amin'ny antsasaky ny tranga eo ho eo.<ref name="PM2010">{{Cite journal|last=Schlesinger N|title=Diagnosing and treating gout: a review to aid primary care physicians|journal=Postgrad Med|volume=122|issue=2|pages=157–61|date=March 2010|pmid=20203467|doi=10.3810/pgm.2010.03.2133|url=}}</ref> Mety hiteraka tophi, [[Vato ao amin' ny voa|vato ao amin'ny voa]], na fahasimban'ny voa ihany koa izany. Izany dia vokatry ny fiakaran'ny tahan'ny asidra urika ao amin'ny ra tsy tapaka.<ref name="Hui2017" /><ref name="Lancet2010" /> Mitranga izany noho ny fitambaran'ny sakafo, olana ara-pahasalamana hafa, ary anton-javatra ara-pandovan-toetra.<ref name="Dalbeth2016" /><ref name="Hui2017" /> Amin'ny ambaratonga avo dia mivaingana ny asidra urika ary miangona ao amin'ny tonon-taolana, hozatra ary [[Tambatsela|sela]] manodidina azy ny [[kristaly]], ka miteraka aretin'ny tonon'taolana. Matetika kokoa no mitranga izany amin'ireo izay mihinana hena na hazan-dranomasina tsy tapaka, misotro labiera, na matavy loatra.<ref name="Be2016">{{Cite journal|pmid=27452679|year=2016|last=Beyl Jr|first=R. N.|title=Update on Importance of Diet in Gout|journal=The American Journal of Medicine|volume=129|issue=11|pages=1153–1158|last2=Hughes|first2=L|last3=Morgan|first3=S|doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.06.040}}</ref> Azo hamarinina amin'ny fisian'ny kristaly ao amin'ny ranon-tonon-taolana na ao anaty fasika any ivelan'ny tonon-taolana ny aretina. Mety ho ara-dalàna ny tahan'ny asidra urika ao amin'ny ra mandritra ny fanafihana. Manatsara ny soritr'aretina ny fitsaboana amin'ny fanafody tsy steroidal anti-inflammatoire (NSAID), steroids, na colchicine.<ref name="Dalbeth2016" /><ref name="Hui2017" /><ref name="Annals2017">{{Cite journal|pmid=27802478|year=2017|last=Shekelle|first=P. G|title=Management of Gout: A Systematic Review in Support of an American College of Physicians Clinical Practice Guideline|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|volume=166|issue=1|pages=37–51|last2=Newberry|first2=S. J|last3=Fitzgerald|first3=J. D|last4=Motala|first4=A|last5=O'Hanlon|first5=C. E|last6=Tariq|first6=A|last7=Okunogbe|first7=A|last8=Han|first8=D|last9=Shanman|first9=R|doi=10.7326/M16-0461|doi-access=free}}</ref> Raha vao mihena ny fanafihana tampoka, dia azo ahena ny tahan'ny asidra urika amin'ny alàlan'ny fanovana ny fomba fiaina ary ho an'ireo izay matetika no tratran'ny fanafihana, ny allopurinol na probenecid dia manome fisorohana maharitra.<ref name="Lancet2010" /> Mety ho fisorohana ny fihinanana vitamina C sy ny fihinanana sakafo be dia be amin'ny vokatra vita amin'ny ronono tsy dia matavy loatra.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Questions and Answers about Gout|url=http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Gout/|website=National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases|access-date=2 February 2016|date=June 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115123309/http://www.niams.nih.gov/health_info/gout/|archive-date=15 January 2016|df=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Roddy|first=E|last2=Choi|first2=HK|title=Epidemiology of gout.|journal=Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North America|date=May 2014|volume=40|issue=2|pages=155–75|doi=10.1016/j.rdc.2014.01.001|pmid=24703341|pmc=4119792}}</ref> Mahakasika ny 1 ka hatramin'ny 2% eo ho eo amin'ny mponina [[Tontolo Tandrefana|Tandrefana]] ny gout amin'ny fotoana iray eo amin'ny fiainany.<ref name="Lancet2010" /> Niha-mahazatra kokoa izany tato anatin'ny folo taona faramparany.<ref name="Dalbeth2016" /> Inoana fa vokatry ny fitomboan'ny anton-javatra mety hampidi-doza eo amin'ny mponina izany, toy ny aretin'ny metabolika, ny androm-piainana lava kokoa, ary ny fiovan'ny sakafo.<ref name="Lancet2010" /> Ny lahy zokiny no tena voakasik'izany matetika. Ny Aretin'ny tonon-taolana dia fantatra ara-tantara ho "aretin'ny mpanjaka" na "aretin'ny mpanankarena".<ref name="Lancet2010" /><ref name="Dic">{{Cite web|url=http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Rich+Man%27s+Disease|title=Rich Man's Disease – definition of Rich Man's Disease in the Medical dictionary|website=Free Online Medical Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia|access-date=2009-05-01|archive-date=2013-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131114084137/http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Rich+Man%27s+Disease|url-status=live}}</ref> Efa fantatra hatramin'ny andron'ny [[Ejipta tamin' ny Andro Taloha|Ejiptiana fahiny]] izany farafaharatsiny.<ref name="Lancet2010" /> == Loharano == <references /> [[Category:Fitsaboana tonon-taolana]] [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] j6vvuhy8thq4h7dngjrklb4ktwvatb9 0 299047 1142468 1141911 2026-06-10T13:03:38Z Gustavo523 39958 Olona nanao fikarohana sy nanome aingam-panahy ho an'ny fikarohana tany amin'ny Onivrsité maro teto amin'ny firenenantsika izy, ary hanampy antsika amin'ny fanohizana ny fikarohana hampandrosoana ny firenena sy ny seha-pihariana hazo izy io. Pejy tena ilainay Malagasy sy ny fikarohanay ity. Mila ireo fampahalalana ireo izahay mba hahafahanay manohy ny fianaranay momba ireo lohahevitra ireo, izay mbola aoriana raha mihoatra amin'i Eoropa. Rehefa manla an'ity pejy ity ianareo,manesotra fahalalanay 1142468 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- schweizbezogen -->[[Sary:Jean-Luc Sandoz EPFL.jpg|vignette|Mpampianatra tao amin'ny EPFL Jean-Luc Sandoz ]] '''Jean-Luc Sandoz''' (* [[1960]] tao Montandon) dia Soisa avy amin’ny faritra miteny frantsay injeniera izay niasa voalohany ho mpikaroka, avy eo ho mpampianatra ary tatỳ aoriana ho mpandraharaha. Amin’ny maha-mpandraharaha azy dia nanangana orinasa maromaro teo amin’ny sehatry ny injeniera, ny indostria ary ny fanorenana amin’ny hazo izy. Izy no CEO an’ny vondrona orinasa CBS-CBT, izay miorina ao Paris ary manana sampana any amin’ny firenena maro<ref>[https://www.calameo.com/read/005111039892ee157530a Seite 598 Aus Hz 33 2020]</ref>. == Fiainana == Teraka tao amin’ny fianakaviana mpamboly avy ao amin’ny Haut-Doubs izy, ary tamin’ny fianarany ho mpanao asa tanana amin’ny hazo no nahafantarany tsara ny hazo. Taorian’izany dia nanao fiofanana ho mpanamboatra fanaka izy, ary avy eo nianatra tao amin’ny sekoly hazo ao Mouchard, izay nahazoany mari-pahaizana teknisiana (BTS) momba ny fanorenana amin’ny hazo tamin’ny 1976. Taorian’ny fianarana injeniera tao amin’ny École nationale supérieure des technologies et industries du bois (ENSTIB) any Épinal nanomboka tamin’ny 1983<ref>[https://www.enstib.univ-lorraine.fr/fr/actualite/nos-anciens-ont-du-talent-zoom-sur-jean-luc-sandoz-promo-1983/ Nos anciens ont du talent : Zoom sur Jean-Luc Sandoz, promo 1983 - ENSTIB]</ref>, izay nahazoany diplaoma, dia nanomboka niasa ho mpanampy mpampianatra momba ny fanorenana amin’ny hazo tao amin’ny École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) izy tamin’ny 1985, niaraka tamin’i [[Julius Natterer]] tao amin’ny Ibois. Tamin’ny 1990 dia nahazo mari-pahaizana doktora izy tamin’ny lohahevitra ''fanombanana ny fomba ultrasound amin’ny fisafidianana sy ny fahamendrehan’ny hazo fanorenana''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/31330?ln=fr|title=Triage et fiabilité des bois de construction validité de la méthode ultrason|date=1990|author=Jean-Luc Sandoz|language=fr}}</ref> Nahazo ny diplaoma doctorat izy tamin’ny taona 1990. Izy no namolavola sy nanangana ireo fitaovana [[Sylvatest]] sy [[Polux]] ary rafitra ara-konstrôksiona toy ny tafo sy takelaka, Dalles O’Portune sy D-Dalle<ref>[https://www.letemps.ch/suisse/devant-ile-bois-neuchatel-decouvre-gigantisme-dexpo02 Devant son île de bois, Neuchâtel découvre le gigantisme d'Expo.02 - Le Temps]</ref>. == Asa == === Fikarohana sy fampianarana === Tamin’ny 1993 dia notendren’i Jean-Claude Badoux ho profesora mpanampy momba ny fanorenana amin’ny hazo izy.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fr.calameo.com/read/005111039fef5073bf72a|title=Nomination des professeurs par Jean-Claude Badoux, Président EPFL|date=1993-10-05|publisher=FLASH EPFL}}</ref> Tao izy dia nifantoka tamin’ny lohahevitra roa lehibe: ny teknolojia tsy manimba handrefesana ny kalitao mekanikan’ny hazo ary ny fanatsarana ara-statika ny rafitra hazo hahafahana mahazo elanelana lehibe kokoa. Nandritra izany dia nandray anjara tamin’ny famoahana boky sy fikarohana iraisam-pirenena izy, ary ny asany, indrindra ny momba ny fitsapana amin’ny alalan’ny ultrasound, dia fantatra maneran-tany<ref>[https://bois.fordaq.com/news/Jean-LucSandoz_constructionbois_60ans_69281.html Jean-Luc Sandoz, théorie et pratique]</ref>. Nandritra ny fikarohana nataony tao amin’ny EPFL dia nangataka patanty maromaro izy, anisan’izany ny [[Sylvatest]], fitaovana mandinika ny toetry ny hazo amin’ny alalan’ny ultrasound, ary koa rafitra hafa hanamarinana ny fahasimban’ny rafitra hazo. Tamin’ny 1999 dia niala tamin’ny fikarohana eny amin’ny oniversite izy mba hifantoka amin’ny asa tsy miankina amin’ny orinasa. Nampianatra hatrany anefa izy hatramin’ny 2004, ary nandray anjara tamin’ny fampianarana sy fihaonambe maro maneran-tany<ref>[https://www.leboisinternational.com/deuxieme-transformation/construction-bois/reimpression-dun-ouvrage-phare-sur-la-construction-bois-840751.php Réimpression d’un ouvrage phare sur la construction bois - Le bois International]</ref>. === Asa maha-mpandraharaha === Tamin’ny 1991 dia nanangana ny birao injeniera Concept Bois Structure (CBS) tao [[Lausanne]] izy ary tany amin'ny Guyane ihany koa<ref>[https://immobilier.lefigaro.fr/article/le-centre-spatial-de-kourou-accueille-un-immeuble-en-bois_112f9d84-0cbc-11ec-ab99-eaedc6e0ba3c Le centre spatial de Kourou accueille un immeuble en bois]</ref>, ary tatỳ aoriana ny Concept Bois Technologie (CBT)<ref>[https://agefi.com/actualites/entreprises/cbs-cbt-lexpert-mondial-du-bois-enracine-en-suisse-romande CBS-CBT, l’expert mondial du bois enraciné en Suisse romande | Agefi.com]</ref>. Tamin’ny 2005 dia nanangana ny orinasa Ecotim izy, ary avy eo ny Lifteam. Nanitatra ny asany tany Alemaina izy tamin’ny 2011, ary namindra ny foiben’ny CBS ho any Paris tamin’ny 2012. Tamin’ny 2015 dia nanokatra sampana tany Amerika Atsimo izy. Ankehitriny ny CBS-CBT dia manana mpiasa maherin’ny 100, ary i Jean-Luc Sandoz no CEO<ref>[https://www.lemoniteur.fr/article/on-peut-tout-faire-avec-le-bois.1368874 « On peut tout faire avec le bois »]</ref>. === Toekarena maharitra === Jean-Luc Sandoz dia manohana ny fiarovana ny toetrandro sy ny fampiasana akora amin’ny fomba mahomby sy eo an-toerana. Araka ny voalazan’ny [[IUCN|Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature]], dia isan’ireo mpialoha lalana izy amin’ny fampiasana rafitra hazo avy amin’ny loharano eo an-toerana. == Fanamarinana trano == * 2002: Fanadihadiana ny rafitra hazo rehetra ao amin’ny Lapan’ny fitsarana ao Bukarest. * 2006–2007: Fanamarinana ny rafitra hazo ao amin’ny Tanàna Voarara any Peking alohan’ny Olympische Sommerspiele 2008. == Asa vita (safidy) == * 2002: Fanorenana sehatra amin’ny rano ho an’ny Expo.02. * 2017: Tetikasa ho an’ny Weltraumbahnhof any [[Kourou]]. * 2019: Fanamboarana ny trano ''Vortex'' tao Lausanne. * 2021: Fanorenana auditorium vonjimaika ho an’ny Forum International Bois Construction. == Fanorenana amin’ny hazo == Mampiasa hazo amin’ny karazana fanorenana rehetra izy, ary mikendry ny hanatsara ny faharetana sy hampihena ny entona CO2. == Asa soratra (safidy) == * miaraka amin’i [[Julius Natterer]]: ''Construction en Bois'' (1996) == Loka == * 2016: Medaly avy amin’ny Académie d’architecture * 2020: Loka La Canopée tao [[Nancy]] == Rohy ivelany == * [https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=fr&user=5pLba6sAAAAJ Google Scholar] == Fanovozan-kevitra == <references responsive /> [[Sokajy:Mpampianatra]] [[Sokajy:Injeniera]] bkaj6awpupqv1oyaqh90l9hlubsaj9b 1142477 1142468 2026-06-10T13:47:50Z Jules* 13115 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/Gustavo523|Gustavo523]] ([[User talk:Gustavo523|talk]]): You can't decide this alone and you are not part of the community, you are a single purpose account. (TwinkleGlobal) 1142477 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Arovy|1=Cross-wiki spam, please see [[:meta:Talk:Wikiproject:Antispam#Cross-wiki spam linked to Wikimedia IRL projects/chapters]].}} <!-- schweizbezogen -->[[Sary:Jean-Luc Sandoz EPFL.jpg|vignette|Mpampianatra tao amin'ny EPFL Jean-Luc Sandoz ]] '''Jean-Luc Sandoz''' (* [[1960]] tao Montandon) dia Soisa avy amin’ny faritra miteny frantsay injeniera izay niasa voalohany ho mpikaroka, avy eo ho mpampianatra ary tatỳ aoriana ho mpandraharaha. Amin’ny maha-mpandraharaha azy dia nanangana orinasa maromaro teo amin’ny sehatry ny injeniera, ny indostria ary ny fanorenana amin’ny hazo izy. Izy no CEO an’ny vondrona orinasa CBS-CBT, izay miorina ao Paris ary manana sampana any amin’ny firenena maro<ref>[https://www.calameo.com/read/005111039892ee157530a Seite 598 Aus Hz 33 2020]</ref>. == Fiainana == Teraka tao amin’ny fianakaviana mpamboly avy ao amin’ny Haut-Doubs izy, ary tamin’ny fianarany ho mpanao asa tanana amin’ny hazo no nahafantarany tsara ny hazo. Taorian’izany dia nanao fiofanana ho mpanamboatra fanaka izy, ary avy eo nianatra tao amin’ny sekoly hazo ao Mouchard, izay nahazoany mari-pahaizana teknisiana (BTS) momba ny fanorenana amin’ny hazo tamin’ny 1976. Taorian’ny fianarana injeniera tao amin’ny École nationale supérieure des technologies et industries du bois (ENSTIB) any Épinal nanomboka tamin’ny 1983<ref>[https://www.enstib.univ-lorraine.fr/fr/actualite/nos-anciens-ont-du-talent-zoom-sur-jean-luc-sandoz-promo-1983/ Nos anciens ont du talent : Zoom sur Jean-Luc Sandoz, promo 1983 - ENSTIB]</ref>, izay nahazoany diplaoma, dia nanomboka niasa ho mpanampy mpampianatra momba ny fanorenana amin’ny hazo tao amin’ny École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) izy tamin’ny 1985, niaraka tamin’i [[Julius Natterer]] tao amin’ny Ibois. Tamin’ny 1990 dia nahazo mari-pahaizana doktora izy tamin’ny lohahevitra ''fanombanana ny fomba ultrasound amin’ny fisafidianana sy ny fahamendrehan’ny hazo fanorenana''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/31330?ln=fr|title=Triage et fiabilité des bois de construction validité de la méthode ultrason|date=1990|author=Jean-Luc Sandoz|language=fr}}</ref> Nahazo ny diplaoma doctorat izy tamin’ny taona 1990. Izy no namolavola sy nanangana ireo fitaovana [[Sylvatest]] sy [[Polux]] ary rafitra ara-konstrôksiona toy ny tafo sy takelaka, Dalles O’Portune sy D-Dalle<ref>[https://www.letemps.ch/suisse/devant-ile-bois-neuchatel-decouvre-gigantisme-dexpo02 Devant son île de bois, Neuchâtel découvre le gigantisme d'Expo.02 - Le Temps]</ref>. == Asa == === Fikarohana sy fampianarana === Tamin’ny 1993 dia notendren’i Jean-Claude Badoux ho profesora mpanampy momba ny fanorenana amin’ny hazo izy.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fr.calameo.com/read/005111039fef5073bf72a|title=Nomination des professeurs par Jean-Claude Badoux, Président EPFL|date=1993-10-05|publisher=FLASH EPFL}}</ref> Tao izy dia nifantoka tamin’ny lohahevitra roa lehibe: ny teknolojia tsy manimba handrefesana ny kalitao mekanikan’ny hazo ary ny fanatsarana ara-statika ny rafitra hazo hahafahana mahazo elanelana lehibe kokoa. Nandritra izany dia nandray anjara tamin’ny famoahana boky sy fikarohana iraisam-pirenena izy, ary ny asany, indrindra ny momba ny fitsapana amin’ny alalan’ny ultrasound, dia fantatra maneran-tany<ref>[https://bois.fordaq.com/news/Jean-LucSandoz_constructionbois_60ans_69281.html Jean-Luc Sandoz, théorie et pratique]</ref>. Nandritra ny fikarohana nataony tao amin’ny EPFL dia nangataka patanty maromaro izy, anisan’izany ny [[Sylvatest]], fitaovana mandinika ny toetry ny hazo amin’ny alalan’ny ultrasound, ary koa rafitra hafa hanamarinana ny fahasimban’ny rafitra hazo. Tamin’ny 1999 dia niala tamin’ny fikarohana eny amin’ny oniversite izy mba hifantoka amin’ny asa tsy miankina amin’ny orinasa. Nampianatra hatrany anefa izy hatramin’ny 2004, ary nandray anjara tamin’ny fampianarana sy fihaonambe maro maneran-tany<ref>[https://www.leboisinternational.com/deuxieme-transformation/construction-bois/reimpression-dun-ouvrage-phare-sur-la-construction-bois-840751.php Réimpression d’un ouvrage phare sur la construction bois - Le bois International]</ref>. === Asa maha-mpandraharaha === Tamin’ny 1991 dia nanangana ny birao injeniera Concept Bois Structure (CBS) tao [[Lausanne]] izy ary tany amin'ny Guyane ihany koa<ref>[https://immobilier.lefigaro.fr/article/le-centre-spatial-de-kourou-accueille-un-immeuble-en-bois_112f9d84-0cbc-11ec-ab99-eaedc6e0ba3c Le centre spatial de Kourou accueille un immeuble en bois]</ref>, ary tatỳ aoriana ny Concept Bois Technologie (CBT)<ref>[https://agefi.com/actualites/entreprises/cbs-cbt-lexpert-mondial-du-bois-enracine-en-suisse-romande CBS-CBT, l’expert mondial du bois enraciné en Suisse romande | Agefi.com]</ref>. Tamin’ny 2005 dia nanangana ny orinasa Ecotim izy, ary avy eo ny Lifteam. Nanitatra ny asany tany Alemaina izy tamin’ny 2011, ary namindra ny foiben’ny CBS ho any Paris tamin’ny 2012. Tamin’ny 2015 dia nanokatra sampana tany Amerika Atsimo izy. Ankehitriny ny CBS-CBT dia manana mpiasa maherin’ny 100, ary i Jean-Luc Sandoz no CEO<ref>[https://www.lemoniteur.fr/article/on-peut-tout-faire-avec-le-bois.1368874 « On peut tout faire avec le bois »]</ref>. === Toekarena maharitra === Jean-Luc Sandoz dia manohana ny fiarovana ny toetrandro sy ny fampiasana akora amin’ny fomba mahomby sy eo an-toerana. Araka ny voalazan’ny [[IUCN|Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature]], dia isan’ireo mpialoha lalana izy amin’ny fampiasana rafitra hazo avy amin’ny loharano eo an-toerana. == Fanamarinana trano == * 2002: Fanadihadiana ny rafitra hazo rehetra ao amin’ny Lapan’ny fitsarana ao Bukarest. * 2006–2007: Fanamarinana ny rafitra hazo ao amin’ny Tanàna Voarara any Peking alohan’ny Olympische Sommerspiele 2008. == Asa vita (safidy) == * 2002: Fanorenana sehatra amin’ny rano ho an’ny Expo.02. * 2017: Tetikasa ho an’ny Weltraumbahnhof any [[Kourou]]. * 2019: Fanamboarana ny trano ''Vortex'' tao Lausanne. * 2021: Fanorenana auditorium vonjimaika ho an’ny Forum International Bois Construction. == Fanorenana amin’ny hazo == Mampiasa hazo amin’ny karazana fanorenana rehetra izy, ary mikendry ny hanatsara ny faharetana sy hampihena ny entona CO2. == Asa soratra (safidy) == * miaraka amin’i [[Julius Natterer]]: ''Construction en Bois'' (1996) == Loka == * 2016: Medaly avy amin’ny Académie d’architecture * 2020: Loka La Canopée tao [[Nancy]] == Rohy ivelany == * [https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=fr&user=5pLba6sAAAAJ Google Scholar] == Fanovozan-kevitra == <references responsive /> [[Sokajy:Mpampianatra]] [[Sokajy:Injeniera]] j3hpwd9bopp0rpnpvkwkh7qfvj502qz 0 299048 1142469 1141912 2026-06-10T13:10:09Z Gustavo523 39958 Famoronana hanampy betsaka ny firenenantsika izany, ary indrindra hamela antsika hampiasa sy hanome sanda ny hazo misy eto amin'ny tanintsika. Mba hanatsarana ny fanorenana ataontsika ankehitriny, dia tena ilainay ny manana loharano hahafahana mahazo tondro, koa tsy azo ekena mihitsy ny famafana ity pejy ity. 1142469 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:O'Portune Decke.png|vignette|Takelaka O'portune]] '''Ny Dalle O’Portune''' dia takelaka hazo mitsivalana iray manana velaran-tany izay mety ho tena lehibe. == Tantara == Miaraka amin’ny firoboroboan’ny fanorenana amin’ny hazo, dia nipoitra ny valindrihana hazo ary nahafahana nandray anjara tamin’ny fanamboarana trano maharitra sy manaja ny tontolo iainana<ref>[https://issuu.com/detail-magazine/docs/bk-det-2023-6_architektur_u_klimaschutz_issn2627-2/s/25181441 Nachhaltiges Bauen, Holzbau Sustainable Construction Timber Construction - Issuu]</ref>. Ny takelaka O’Portune dia noforonin’i [[Jean-Luc Sandoz]], tamin’ny 1999, izay lehiben’ny sampana fikarohana sy fampandrosoana momba ny akora hazo ao amin’ny École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), ho an’ny fampirantiana nasionaly soisa tamin’ny 2002. Tamin’ny taona 2000 dia maherin’ny 50.000 m² amin’ny gorodona hazo an-dranomasina napetraka tamin’ny fantsona metaly, fantsona entona taloha notapahana ho fizarana, no napetraka teo amin’ny Bielersee Farihy Bieler sy Neuenburgersee<ref>''[https://www.holzkurier.com/holzbau/2005/02/holzbau_und_mehr.html Holzbau und mehr.]''19.Februar 2005&#x2C; abgerufen am 1.Dezember 2023.</ref><ref>[https://www.letemps.ch/suisse/devant-ile-bois-neuchatel-decouvre-gigantisme-dexpo02 Devant son île de bois, Neuchâtel découvre le gigantisme d'Expo.02 - Le Temps]</ref>. Ny takelaka O’Portune dia natao patanty tamin’ny 1999, ka nifarana tamin’ny 2019 ny fiarovana ara-patanty ary nanomboka tamin’io taona io dia lasa singa ara-drafitra ampiasaina amin’ny fanorenana hazo mivaingana izy, indrindra noho ny vokany ara-tontolo iainana sy ny fahafahany averina ampiasaina indray<ref>[https://www.arcinfo.ch/neuchatel-canton/littoral/lignieres/les-vestiges-d-expo02-reconvertis-en-tables-de-jardin-92148 Les vestiges d'Expo.02 reconvertis en tables de jardin]</ref>, ary koa noho ny fahombiazany amin’ny feo izay manatsara ny fampiononana ao amin’ny trano. == Fampandrosoana == === Hazo tropikaly === Ny fomba fiasa izay natao voalohany ho an’ny hazo sapin sy épicéa dia azo ampiharina amin’ny karazana hazo isan-karazany toy ny peuplier na koa hazo tropikaly, izay ampiasain’ny masoivoho frantsay misahana ny habakabaka (CNES) ho an’ny tranony vaovao ao amin’ny Centre spatial guyanais foibe habakabaka Guyana<ref>[https://www.forum-boisconstruction.com/conferences/09_FBC2018_Laracine_Maignant.pdf 09_FBC2018_Laracine_Maignant.pdf]</ref>. === Hazo eo an-toerana === Misy asa fikarohana momba ny fampiharana amin’ny karazana hazo samihafa, indrindra amin’ny peuplier<ref>[https://www.peupliersdefrance.org/uploads/uploads-FR/DocumentsTechniques/JAY%20APOLLINE%20MEMOIRE.pdf JAY APOLLINE MEMOIRE.pdf]</ref>. === Fanorenana hazo–beton hybrid === Ny takelaka O’Portune miaraka amin’ny sosona beton eo ambony dia mamorona rafitra hazo–beton mitambatra antsoina hoe D-Dalle ary mampitombo ny fahombiazan’ny rafitra ara-mekanika sy ara-akoustika arakaraka ny filàn’ny trano<ref>[https://www.e-periodica.ch/digbib/view?pid=bts-004%3A2002%3A128%3A%3A1139 E-Periodica - Le bois dans la construction: innovations et perspectives]</ref>. Namboarin’ny orinasa soisa CBS-CBT izy io<ref>[https://www.acpresse.fr/cbs-cbt-pionner-dalle-mixte-bois-beton/ CBS-CBT, un pionner de la dalle mixte bois-béton - ACPresse]</ref>. Ity rafitra mitambatra ity dia afaka mandrakotra elanelana 8 hatramin’ny 18 m tsy misy tohana afovoany, sady maivana (250 hatramin’ny 400 kg/m²)<ref>[https://www.woodsurfer.com/planchers-mixtes-bois-beton-alliance-de-competences/2955422 Planchers mixtes bois-béton : alliance de compétences - Woodsurfer]</ref>. == Famaritana ara-teknika == Ny takelaka O’Portune dia amboarina eny amin’ny toeram-panorenana na ao amin’ny atrikasa, ary rafitra iray amin’ny endrika takelaka mitsivalana manana fahombiazana ara-mekanika avo sy/na elanelana lehibe – hatramin’ny 12 m tsy misy tohana<ref>[https://www.lemoniteur.fr/photo/bois-des-alpes-pour-batiment-multifonctionnel.781824/dalles-o-portune.5 Bois des Alpes pour bâtiment multifonctionnel]</ref>. Ny takelaka dia ahitana hazo fisaka izay apetaka mifandimby sy afatotra amin’ny visy na fantsika, ka mampitombo ny fahombiazan’ny rafitra ara-batana sy akoustika nefa tsy mampitombo ny lanjany<ref>[https://www.construction21.org/france/products/h/82/plancher-porteur-bois-schilliger.html Tuile rustique coloris Mesnil]</ref>. Ny singa amin’ny gorodona dia amboarina mialoha ao amin’ny atrikasa ary ahitana hazo fisaka 180 × 50 mm napetraka mifandimby. Izany dia mampitombo ny haavon’ny rafitra ara-statika. Rehefa mampiasa hazo 180 mm ny haavony miaraka amin’ny fifandrakofana 80 mm eo anelanelan’ny sosona ambany sy ambony, dia mahatratra 280 mm ny haavon’ny rafitra raisina amin’ny kajy<ref>[https://www.lemoniteur.fr/article/modules-de-plancher-prefabriques-en-bois-lamelle.465529 Modules de plancher préfabriqués en bois lamellé]</ref>. Ny hazo fisaka dia afatotra amin’ny visy 6 mm savaivony sy 180 mm halavany. Mba hiantohana ny fizarana mitovy ny hery manerana ny takelaka, dia asiana OSB (11 mm hateviny) na takelaka Kerto (27 mm hateviny) amin’ny faritra mahazatra sy amin’ny terrasse na toerana fitahirizana. Ireo takelaka ireo dia afatotra amin’ny visy isaky ny 300 mm eo amin’ny sisiny ambony amin’ny hazo fisaka. Amin’ny lafiny hery mitsivalana, dia miasa toy ny rafitra iray mitovy (homogène) izy io, toy ny membrane. Ny masoivoho Wilmotte et Associés dia nametraka ny takelaka O’Portune ho eo amin’ny laharana faha-13 amin’ny fanangonana singa ara-maritrano voatondro ho referansa<ref>[https://www.lemoniteur.fr/article/modules-de-plancher-prefabriques-en-bois-lamelle.465529 Modules de plancher préfabriqués en bois lamellé]</ref>. == Literatiora == * M. Chaplain, T. Dethan, P. Castera: ''Effects Of Climatic Conditions Changes On Crack Growth.'' In: ''9th World Conference on Timber Engineering 2006 (WCTE 2006). Portland, Oregon, USA. 6–10 August 2006.'' Band 1. Curran Associates, New York 2006, ISBN 978-1-62276-285-9, S. 130. * Hartwig N. Schneider, Uli Baierlipp, Robert Thomé: ''Holz! Beiträge zum Seminar. Sommersemester 2005.'' Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Fakultät für Architektur, Aachen 2005, S. 140–141, ([[https://www.yumpu.com/de/document/read/5204666/reader-lena-klein](https://www.yumpu.com/de/document/read/5204666/reader-lena-klein) Yumpu-Reader]). * Rachel Amiot und Vincent Lombard: ''Apotheke und Praxis in Plancher-Bas.'' In: Christian Schittich (Hrsg.): ''Kosteneffizient Bauen. Ökonomische Konzepte – Wirtschaftliche Konstruktionen.'' Reihe: ''Im Detail.'' Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel 2007, ISBN 978-3-7643-8413-5, S. 31–33. * Jean-Marc Franssen: ''Recherches sur le comportement au feu des structures en bois menées à l’Université de Liège.'' 2013, S. 10–14 ([[https://www.academia.edu/86561230/Recherches_sur_le_comportement_au_feu_des_structures_en_bois_men%C3%A9es_%C3%A0_l_Universit%C3%A9_de_Li%C3%A8ge](https://www.academia.edu/86561230/Recherches_sur_le_comportement_au_feu_des_structures_en_bois_men%C3%A9es_%C3%A0_l_Universit%C3%A9_de_Li%C3%A8ge) PDF; 8,5 MB]). * Assaad Taoum: ''Application of Local Post-Tensioning to New and Existing Structures.'' Hochschulschrift, University of Tasmania, Februar 2016, S. 12–13 (auf Englisch). * Julien Mussier und Mathieu Fuchs: ''Construire avec le bois.'' Editions Le Moniteur, Antony 2019, ISBN 978-2-281-14222-8, S. 216. * Gabriela Ladeia Andrade Martins: ''Guia de soluções de madeira para reabilitação.'' Hochschulschrift, Universität Minho, Universidade do Minho, Oktober 2021, S. 46, ([[https://repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt/handle/1822/83028](https://repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt/handle/1822/83028) PDF; 9,5 MB]). == Fanamarihana == <references /> [[Sokajy:Hazo]] kl6ujhh58939obefrj09e931z1kf189 1142476 1142469 2026-06-10T13:47:45Z Jules* 13115 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/Gustavo523|Gustavo523]] ([[User talk:Gustavo523|talk]]): You can't decide this alone and you are not part of the community, you are a single purpose account. (TwinkleGlobal) 1142476 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Arovy|1=Cross-wiki spam, please see [[:meta:Talk:Wikiproject:Antispam#Cross-wiki spam linked to Wikimedia IRL projects/chapters]].}} [[Sary:O'Portune Decke.png|vignette|Takelaka O'portune]] '''Ny Dalle O’Portune''' dia takelaka hazo mitsivalana iray manana velaran-tany izay mety ho tena lehibe. == Tantara == Miaraka amin’ny firoboroboan’ny fanorenana amin’ny hazo, dia nipoitra ny valindrihana hazo ary nahafahana nandray anjara tamin’ny fanamboarana trano maharitra sy manaja ny tontolo iainana<ref>[https://issuu.com/detail-magazine/docs/bk-det-2023-6_architektur_u_klimaschutz_issn2627-2/s/25181441 Nachhaltiges Bauen, Holzbau Sustainable Construction Timber Construction - Issuu]</ref>. Ny takelaka O’Portune dia noforonin’i [[Jean-Luc Sandoz]], tamin’ny 1999, izay lehiben’ny sampana fikarohana sy fampandrosoana momba ny akora hazo ao amin’ny École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), ho an’ny fampirantiana nasionaly soisa tamin’ny 2002. Tamin’ny taona 2000 dia maherin’ny 50.000 m² amin’ny gorodona hazo an-dranomasina napetraka tamin’ny fantsona metaly, fantsona entona taloha notapahana ho fizarana, no napetraka teo amin’ny Bielersee Farihy Bieler sy Neuenburgersee<ref>''[https://www.holzkurier.com/holzbau/2005/02/holzbau_und_mehr.html Holzbau und mehr.]''19.Februar 2005&#x2C; abgerufen am 1.Dezember 2023.</ref><ref>[https://www.letemps.ch/suisse/devant-ile-bois-neuchatel-decouvre-gigantisme-dexpo02 Devant son île de bois, Neuchâtel découvre le gigantisme d'Expo.02 - Le Temps]</ref>. Ny takelaka O’Portune dia natao patanty tamin’ny 1999, ka nifarana tamin’ny 2019 ny fiarovana ara-patanty ary nanomboka tamin’io taona io dia lasa singa ara-drafitra ampiasaina amin’ny fanorenana hazo mivaingana izy, indrindra noho ny vokany ara-tontolo iainana sy ny fahafahany averina ampiasaina indray<ref>[https://www.arcinfo.ch/neuchatel-canton/littoral/lignieres/les-vestiges-d-expo02-reconvertis-en-tables-de-jardin-92148 Les vestiges d'Expo.02 reconvertis en tables de jardin]</ref>, ary koa noho ny fahombiazany amin’ny feo izay manatsara ny fampiononana ao amin’ny trano. == Fampandrosoana == === Hazo tropikaly === Ny fomba fiasa izay natao voalohany ho an’ny hazo sapin sy épicéa dia azo ampiharina amin’ny karazana hazo isan-karazany toy ny peuplier na koa hazo tropikaly, izay ampiasain’ny masoivoho frantsay misahana ny habakabaka (CNES) ho an’ny tranony vaovao ao amin’ny Centre spatial guyanais foibe habakabaka Guyana<ref>[https://www.forum-boisconstruction.com/conferences/09_FBC2018_Laracine_Maignant.pdf 09_FBC2018_Laracine_Maignant.pdf]</ref>. === Hazo eo an-toerana === Misy asa fikarohana momba ny fampiharana amin’ny karazana hazo samihafa, indrindra amin’ny peuplier<ref>[https://www.peupliersdefrance.org/uploads/uploads-FR/DocumentsTechniques/JAY%20APOLLINE%20MEMOIRE.pdf JAY APOLLINE MEMOIRE.pdf]</ref>. === Fanorenana hazo–beton hybrid === Ny takelaka O’Portune miaraka amin’ny sosona beton eo ambony dia mamorona rafitra hazo–beton mitambatra antsoina hoe D-Dalle ary mampitombo ny fahombiazan’ny rafitra ara-mekanika sy ara-akoustika arakaraka ny filàn’ny trano<ref>[https://www.e-periodica.ch/digbib/view?pid=bts-004%3A2002%3A128%3A%3A1139 E-Periodica - Le bois dans la construction: innovations et perspectives]</ref>. Namboarin’ny orinasa soisa CBS-CBT izy io<ref>[https://www.acpresse.fr/cbs-cbt-pionner-dalle-mixte-bois-beton/ CBS-CBT, un pionner de la dalle mixte bois-béton - ACPresse]</ref>. Ity rafitra mitambatra ity dia afaka mandrakotra elanelana 8 hatramin’ny 18 m tsy misy tohana afovoany, sady maivana (250 hatramin’ny 400 kg/m²)<ref>[https://www.woodsurfer.com/planchers-mixtes-bois-beton-alliance-de-competences/2955422 Planchers mixtes bois-béton : alliance de compétences - Woodsurfer]</ref>. == Famaritana ara-teknika == Ny takelaka O’Portune dia amboarina eny amin’ny toeram-panorenana na ao amin’ny atrikasa, ary rafitra iray amin’ny endrika takelaka mitsivalana manana fahombiazana ara-mekanika avo sy/na elanelana lehibe – hatramin’ny 12 m tsy misy tohana<ref>[https://www.lemoniteur.fr/photo/bois-des-alpes-pour-batiment-multifonctionnel.781824/dalles-o-portune.5 Bois des Alpes pour bâtiment multifonctionnel]</ref>. Ny takelaka dia ahitana hazo fisaka izay apetaka mifandimby sy afatotra amin’ny visy na fantsika, ka mampitombo ny fahombiazan’ny rafitra ara-batana sy akoustika nefa tsy mampitombo ny lanjany<ref>[https://www.construction21.org/france/products/h/82/plancher-porteur-bois-schilliger.html Tuile rustique coloris Mesnil]</ref>. Ny singa amin’ny gorodona dia amboarina mialoha ao amin’ny atrikasa ary ahitana hazo fisaka 180 × 50 mm napetraka mifandimby. Izany dia mampitombo ny haavon’ny rafitra ara-statika. Rehefa mampiasa hazo 180 mm ny haavony miaraka amin’ny fifandrakofana 80 mm eo anelanelan’ny sosona ambany sy ambony, dia mahatratra 280 mm ny haavon’ny rafitra raisina amin’ny kajy<ref>[https://www.lemoniteur.fr/article/modules-de-plancher-prefabriques-en-bois-lamelle.465529 Modules de plancher préfabriqués en bois lamellé]</ref>. Ny hazo fisaka dia afatotra amin’ny visy 6 mm savaivony sy 180 mm halavany. Mba hiantohana ny fizarana mitovy ny hery manerana ny takelaka, dia asiana OSB (11 mm hateviny) na takelaka Kerto (27 mm hateviny) amin’ny faritra mahazatra sy amin’ny terrasse na toerana fitahirizana. Ireo takelaka ireo dia afatotra amin’ny visy isaky ny 300 mm eo amin’ny sisiny ambony amin’ny hazo fisaka. Amin’ny lafiny hery mitsivalana, dia miasa toy ny rafitra iray mitovy (homogène) izy io, toy ny membrane. Ny masoivoho Wilmotte et Associés dia nametraka ny takelaka O’Portune ho eo amin’ny laharana faha-13 amin’ny fanangonana singa ara-maritrano voatondro ho referansa<ref>[https://www.lemoniteur.fr/article/modules-de-plancher-prefabriques-en-bois-lamelle.465529 Modules de plancher préfabriqués en bois lamellé]</ref>. == Literatiora == * M. Chaplain, T. Dethan, P. Castera: ''Effects Of Climatic Conditions Changes On Crack Growth.'' In: ''9th World Conference on Timber Engineering 2006 (WCTE 2006). Portland, Oregon, USA. 6–10 August 2006.'' Band 1. Curran Associates, New York 2006, ISBN 978-1-62276-285-9, S. 130. * Hartwig N. Schneider, Uli Baierlipp, Robert Thomé: ''Holz! Beiträge zum Seminar. Sommersemester 2005.'' Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Fakultät für Architektur, Aachen 2005, S. 140–141, ([[https://www.yumpu.com/de/document/read/5204666/reader-lena-klein](https://www.yumpu.com/de/document/read/5204666/reader-lena-klein) Yumpu-Reader]). * Rachel Amiot und Vincent Lombard: ''Apotheke und Praxis in Plancher-Bas.'' In: Christian Schittich (Hrsg.): ''Kosteneffizient Bauen. Ökonomische Konzepte – Wirtschaftliche Konstruktionen.'' Reihe: ''Im Detail.'' Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel 2007, ISBN 978-3-7643-8413-5, S. 31–33. * Jean-Marc Franssen: ''Recherches sur le comportement au feu des structures en bois menées à l’Université de Liège.'' 2013, S. 10–14 ([[https://www.academia.edu/86561230/Recherches_sur_le_comportement_au_feu_des_structures_en_bois_men%C3%A9es_%C3%A0_l_Universit%C3%A9_de_Li%C3%A8ge](https://www.academia.edu/86561230/Recherches_sur_le_comportement_au_feu_des_structures_en_bois_men%C3%A9es_%C3%A0_l_Universit%C3%A9_de_Li%C3%A8ge) PDF; 8,5 MB]). * Assaad Taoum: ''Application of Local Post-Tensioning to New and Existing Structures.'' Hochschulschrift, University of Tasmania, Februar 2016, S. 12–13 (auf Englisch). * Julien Mussier und Mathieu Fuchs: ''Construire avec le bois.'' Editions Le Moniteur, Antony 2019, ISBN 978-2-281-14222-8, S. 216. * Gabriela Ladeia Andrade Martins: ''Guia de soluções de madeira para reabilitação.'' Hochschulschrift, Universität Minho, Universidade do Minho, Oktober 2021, S. 46, ([[https://repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt/handle/1822/83028](https://repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt/handle/1822/83028) PDF; 9,5 MB]). == Fanamarihana == <references /> [[Sokajy:Hazo]] 1d6bidllvz58jmir3x8juxu9frc54fx 0 300463 1142459 1142452 2026-06-10T12:23:58Z Thelezifor 15140 Lisitry ny karazan-javamaniry ampiasaina 1142459 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''mangidy''' dia zavapisotro fanafody nentim-paharazana malagasy vita amin' ny zavamaniry tokana na maro samihafa<ref name=":0"><small>"[https://ethnobotanyjournal.org/index.php/era/article/view/1565 “Mangidy”: Malagasy Folk Beverages Sold in Madagascar’s Market Places]", ''ethnobotanyjournal.org''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336576316_Mangidy_Malagasy_folk_beverages_sold_in_Madagascar%27s_marketplaces “Mangidy”: Malagasy folk beverages sold in Madagascar’s marketplaces"], ''www.researchgate.net''</small></ref>. Araka ny boky ara-tsiansa sy momba ny [[etnôbôtanika]] dia karazana [[tambavy]] azo avy amin' ny fandomana na fitanehana zavamaniry ampiasaina amin' ny fitsaboana izy io<ref name=":0" />. == Taharo sy fanjifana == === Taharo fanamboarana mangidy === Miovaova arakaraka ny mpanomana ny fomba fanamboarana ny mangidy, saingy ny fanadihadiana sy ny tatitra momba ny fitsaboana nentim-paharazana eto [[Madagasikara]] dia mampiseho akora fototra fampiasa matetika. Nahafantarana karazana zavamaniry 24 ampiasaina amin' ny fanamboarana azy ny fanadihadiana etnôbôtanika natao tamin' ny mpivarotra mangidy tao Antananarivo. Matetika ny mpivarotra dia mampiasa fangaro misy zavamaniry 2 ka hatramin' ny 5 arakaraka ny vokatra tadiavina. Ny tena ampiasaina matetika dia ireto: * ny ''[[Paramollugo nudicaulis]]'' (aferontany na felatanandradaka); * ny ''[[Cedrelopsis grevei]]'' (katrafay): ny hodiny dia heverina fa manamaivana ny havizanana sy ny fanaintainan' ny hozatra; * ny ''[[Aphloia theiformis]]'' (voafotsy): ny raviny sy ny voany fotsy amin' io hazo io matetika no fototra amin' ny fanamboarana ny mangidy, ampiasaina amin' ny ady amin' ny [[tazo]]; * ny ''[[Camphora officinarum]]'' (ravintsara): ny raviny dia manana toetra miady amin' ny [[viriosy]] sy [[bakteria]]. * ny ''[[Hylocereus triangularis]]'' (fakantsilo na tsilotelorirana): karazana raketa mandady sy mianika; * ny ''[[Aloe macroclada]]'' (vahona): izay manome tsiro tena mangidy an' ilay fangaro. == Fanjifana sy fampiasana ary fahombiazany == === Fomba fitsinjarana sy fanjifana === Ny mangidy dia zavapisotro amidin' ny mpivarotra amoron-dalana na amin' ny trano eny amin' ny toeram-piantsonan' ny fiara fitateram-bahoaka sy eny amin' ny tsena lehibe, indrindra ao [[Antananarivo]]<ref name=":0" />. Matetika ny mpivarotra mangidy no mitondra io tambavy io amin' ny arôzôara plastika na metaly lehibe, izay matetika nsiana fanamboarana mba hitazonana tsara ny hafanana. Ny mpanjifa dia misotro mangidy iray kaopy mafana amin' izany eo no ho eo<ref name=":1"><small>"[https://www.plantes-botanique.org/genre_aphloia Genre des Aphloia]", ''www.plantes-botanique.org''</small></ref>. === Fomba fijery nentim-paharazana === Misotro mangidy ny olona mba hisorohana na hanasitranana aretina na ny fikorontanan' ny fahasalamana maro: mba hanadio ny vatana (manala poizina sy loto sady mampamany betsaka), hampihenana ny tazo sy hanamaivanana ny gripa, ary hampavitrika sy manohitra ny havizanana aorian' ny asa mafy ara-batana<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />. === Ny fomba fijery ara-pitsaboana môderina === Na dia ampahany manan-danja amin' ny kolontsaim-bahoaka malagasy momba fahasalamana aza ny mangidy, dia milaza ny fetran' ny fampiasana azy io tsy tapaka ny mpiasan' ny fahasalamam-bahoaka (Minisitry ny Fahasalamana sy ny manampahaizana amin' ny olana momba ny hanina). Nomarihin' ny dokotera malagasy sasany fa tsy misy fatrany hentitra ireo zavapisotro ireto. Mety hiteraka fanapoizinana amin' ny [[aty]] na ny [[Voa (taovam-biby)|voa]] ny fisotroana azy tafahoatra na isan' andro raha marihitra loatra<ref><small>"[https://2424.mg/fahasalamana-mila-fitandremana-ny-fisotroana-mangidy/ Fahasalamana: Mila fitandremana ny fisotroana mangidy]", ''2424.mg''</small></ref>. == Lisitry ny karazan-javamaniry ampiasaina == Indreto ny karazan-javamaniry ampiasaina amin' ny fanamboarana mangidy: * ''[[Aloe macroclada]]'' <small>Baker</small> -- vahona  (''[[Asphodelaceae]]''): tsy fisian' ny [[fadimbolana]] (amenorhée), harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), [[fitohanana]], [[tazo]], [[Angatra (aretina)|angatra]] * ''[[Aphloia theiformis]]'' -- voafotsy * ''[[Avicennia marina]]'' <small>(Forssk.) Vierh.</small> -- afiafy (''[[Acanthaceae]]''): fiakaran' ny [[glisemia]], [[aretin-kibo]], [[farasisa]] * ''[[Nimo|Azadirachta indica]]'' <small>A. Juss.</small> -- nimo (''[[Meliaceae]]''): fanaintainan' ny kibo, [[sohika]], [[diabeta]], tazo, [[gaotra]], [[aretin' aty]] * ''[[Cedrelopsis grevei]]'' <small>Baill</small>. -- katrafay (''[[Rutaceae]]''): fanaintainan' ny kibo, harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, [[homamiadana]], [[kohaka]], fahalemen' ny filahiana, fiakaran' ny glisemia, vato anaty voa * ''[[Cereus triangularis]]'' <small>(L.) Haw.</small> -- fakantsilo, fakatsilo (''[[Cactaceae]]''): aretin' ny [[kambontsinay]], harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, angatra, gaotra, aretin' aty, fiakaran' ny glisemia, vato anaty voa       * ''[[Cinnamomum camphora]]'' <small>(L.) J. Presl</small> -- ravintsara (''[[Lauraceae]]''): fanaintainan' ny kibo, sohika, fanaintainan' ny lamosina, kohaka, tazo, gaotra, aretin' aty, fiakaran' ny glisemia * ''[[Cinnamosma madagascariensis]]'' <small>Danguy</small> -- mandravasarotra (''[[Canellaceae]]''): * ''[[Cola nitida]]'' <small>(Vent.) Schott & Endl.</small> -- kôlà (''[[Malvaceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fahalemen' ny filahiana * ''[[Distephanus polygalifolius]]'' <small>(Less.) H. Rob. & B. Kahn</small> -- ninginingina (''[[Asteraceae]]''): fiakaran' ny glisemia * ''[[Inulanthera brownii]]'' <small>(Hochr.) Källersjö</small> -- kelimavitrika  (''[[Asteraceae]]'') harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fiakaran' ny glisemia, aretin-kibo       * ''[[Mystroxylon aethiopicum]]'' <small>(Thunb.) Loes.</small> -- fanazava, hazomby (''[[Celastraceae]]''): tsy fisian' ny fandibolana (amenorhée), hererahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, tazo, gaotra, aretin' aty, fiakaran' ny glisemia * ''[[Neobeguea mahafaliensis]]'' <small>J.-F. Leroy</small> -- andy, handy (''[[Meliaceae]]''): haerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, fahalemen' ny filahiana   * ''Neocussonia'' sp. <small>(Harms) Hutch.</small> -- marivoravina (''[[Araliaceae]]'') -- aretin-kibo * ''[[Paramollugo nudicaulis]]'' <small>(Lam.) Thulin</small> -- aferotany (''[[Molluginaceae]]'') fanaintainan' ny kibo, sohika, kohaka, tazo, gaotra, fiakaran' ny glisemia, farasisa * ''[[Pentopetia androsaemifolia]]'' <small>Decne</small>.-- tandrokosy (''[[Apocynaceae]]'') harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), aretin' aty, fiakaran' ny glisemia * ''[[Phyllarthron bojeranum]]'' <small>DC.</small> -- zahana (''[[Bignoniaceae]]''): kohaka, angatra, fiakaran' ny glisemia, lombalgie * ''[[Senecio canaliculatus]]'' <small>Bojer ex DC.</small> --  ramijaingy (''[[Asteraceae]]''): fiakaran' ny glisemia * ''[[Senna occidentalis]]'' <small>(L.) Link</small> -- tsotsorinangatra (''[[Fabaceae]]''): angatra * ''[[Symphytum orientale]]'' <small>L.</small>  -- kaonsoda     (''[[Boraginaceae]]''): aretin-kibo * ''[[Vanilla madagascariensis]]'' <small>Rolfe</small> -- vahinamalo (''[[Orchidaceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), kohaka, fahalemen' ny filahiana, [[rohana]] * ''[[Woodfordia fruticosa]]'' <small>(L.) Kurz</small> -- lambohenjana/ hazomalany (''[[Lythraceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, kohaka, fahalemen' ny filahiana, rohana == Jereo koa == * [[Ranon'ampango|Ranon' ampango]] == Loharano == rsu13crm5zsr1mhqk42tt579know6lb 1142471 1142459 2026-06-10T13:34:04Z Thelezifor 15140 Lisitry ny karazan-javamaniry ampiasaina 1142471 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''mangidy''' dia zavapisotro fanafody nentim-paharazana malagasy vita amin' ny zavamaniry tokana na maro samihafa<ref name=":0"><small>"[https://ethnobotanyjournal.org/index.php/era/article/view/1565 “Mangidy”: Malagasy Folk Beverages Sold in Madagascar’s Market Places]", ''ethnobotanyjournal.org''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336576316_Mangidy_Malagasy_folk_beverages_sold_in_Madagascar%27s_marketplaces “Mangidy”: Malagasy folk beverages sold in Madagascar’s marketplaces"], ''www.researchgate.net''</small></ref>. Araka ny boky ara-tsiansa sy momba ny [[etnôbôtanika]] dia karazana [[tambavy]] azo avy amin' ny fandomana na fitanehana zavamaniry ampiasaina amin' ny fitsaboana izy io<ref name=":0" />. == Taharo sy fanjifana == === Taharo fanamboarana mangidy === Miovaova arakaraka ny mpanomana ny fomba fanamboarana ny mangidy, saingy ny fanadihadiana sy ny tatitra momba ny fitsaboana nentim-paharazana eto [[Madagasikara]] dia mampiseho akora fototra fampiasa matetika. Nahafantarana karazana zavamaniry 24 ampiasaina amin' ny fanamboarana azy ny fanadihadiana etnôbôtanika natao tamin' ny mpivarotra mangidy tao Antananarivo. Matetika ny mpivarotra dia mampiasa fangaro misy zavamaniry 2 ka hatramin' ny 5 arakaraka ny vokatra tadiavina. Ny tena ampiasaina matetika dia ireto: * ny ''[[Paramollugo nudicaulis]]'' (aferontany na felatanandradaka); * ny ''[[Cedrelopsis grevei]]'' (katrafay): ny hodiny dia heverina fa manamaivana ny havizanana sy ny fanaintainan' ny hozatra; * ny ''[[Aphloia theiformis]]'' (voafotsy): ny raviny sy ny voany fotsy amin' io hazo io matetika no fototra amin' ny fanamboarana ny mangidy, ampiasaina amin' ny ady amin' ny [[tazo]]; * ny ''[[Camphora officinarum]]'' (ravintsara): ny raviny dia manana toetra miady amin' ny [[viriosy]] sy [[bakteria]]. * ny ''[[Selenicereus triangularis]]'' na ''[[Selenicereus triangularis|Hylocereus triangularis]]'' (fakantsilo na tsilotelorirana): karazana raketa mandady sy mianika; * ny ''[[Aloe macroclada]]'' (vahona): izay manome tsiro tena mangidy an' ilay fangaro. == Fanjifana sy fampiasana ary fahombiazany == === Fomba fitsinjarana sy fanjifana === Ny mangidy dia zavapisotro amidin' ny mpivarotra amoron-dalana na amin' ny trano eny amin' ny toeram-piantsonan' ny fiara fitateram-bahoaka sy eny amin' ny tsena lehibe, indrindra ao [[Antananarivo]]<ref name=":0" />. Matetika ny mpivarotra mangidy no mitondra io tambavy io amin' ny arôzôara plastika na metaly lehibe, izay matetika nsiana fanamboarana mba hitazonana tsara ny hafanana. Ny mpanjifa dia misotro mangidy iray kaopy mafana amin' izany eo no ho eo<ref name=":1"><small>"[https://www.plantes-botanique.org/genre_aphloia Genre des Aphloia]", ''www.plantes-botanique.org''</small></ref>. === Fomba fijery nentim-paharazana === Misotro mangidy ny olona mba hisorohana na hanasitranana aretina na ny fikorontanan' ny fahasalamana maro: mba hanadio ny vatana (manala poizina sy loto sady mampamany betsaka), hampihenana ny tazo sy hanamaivanana ny gripa, ary hampavitrika sy manohitra ny havizanana aorian' ny asa mafy ara-batana<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />. === Ny fomba fijery ara-pitsaboana môderina === Na dia ampahany manan-danja amin' ny kolontsaim-bahoaka malagasy momba fahasalamana aza ny mangidy, dia milaza ny fetran' ny fampiasana azy io tsy tapaka ny mpiasan' ny fahasalamam-bahoaka (Minisitry ny Fahasalamana sy ny manampahaizana amin' ny olana momba ny hanina). Nomarihin' ny dokotera malagasy sasany fa tsy misy fatrany hentitra ireo tambavy ireo. Mety hiteraka fanapoizinana amin' ny [[aty]] na ny [[Voa (taovam-biby)|voa]] ny fisotroana azy tafahoatra na isan' andro raha marihitra loatra<ref><small>"[https://2424.mg/fahasalamana-mila-fitandremana-ny-fisotroana-mangidy/ Fahasalamana: Mila fitandremana ny fisotroana mangidy]", ''2424.mg''</small></ref>. == Lisitry ny karazan-javamaniry ampiasaina == Indreto ny karazan-javamaniry ampiasaina amin' ny fanamboarana mangidy: * ''[[Aloe macroclada]]'' <small>Baker</small> -- vahona  (''[[Asphodelaceae]]''): tsy fisian' ny [[fadimbolana]] (amenorhée), harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), [[fitohanana]], [[tazo]], [[Angatra (aretina)|angatra]] * ''[[Aphloia theiformis]]'' -- voafotsy (''[[Aphloiaceae]]''): * ''[[Avicennia marina]]'' <small>(Forssk.) Vierh.</small> -- afiafy (''[[Acanthaceae]]''): fiakaran' ny [[glisemia]], [[aretin-kibo]], [[farasisa]] * ''[[Nimo|Azadirachta indica]]'' <small>A. Juss.</small> -- nimo (''[[Meliaceae]]''): fanaintainan' ny kibo, [[sohika]], [[diabeta]], tazo, [[gaotra]], [[aretin' aty]] * ''[[Cedrelopsis grevei]]'' <small>Baill</small>. -- katrafay (''[[Rutaceae]]''): fanaintainan' ny kibo, harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, [[homamiadana]], [[kohaka]], fahalemen' ny filahiana, fiakaran' ny glisemia, vato anaty voa * ''[[Cinnamomum camphora]]'' <small>(L.) J. Presl</small> -- ravintsara (''[[Lauraceae]]''): fanaintainan' ny kibo, sohika, fanaintainan' ny lamosina, kohaka, tazo, gaotra, aretin' aty, fiakaran' ny glisemia * ''[[Cinnamosma madagascariensis]]'' <small>Danguy</small> -- sakaihazo, sakarivohazo, mandravasarotra (''[[Canellaceae]]''): * ''[[Cola nitida]]'' <small>(Vent.) Schott & Endl.</small> -- kôlà (''[[Malvaceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fahalemen' ny filahiana * ''[[Distephanus polygalifolius]]'' <small>(Less.) H. Rob. & B. Kahn</small> -- ninginingina (''[[Asteraceae]]''): fiakaran' ny glisemia * ''[[Inulanthera brownii]]'' <small>(Hochr.) Källersjö</small> -- kelimavitrika  (''[[Asteraceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fiakaran' ny glisemia, aretin-kibo       * ''[[Mystroxylon aethiopicum]]'' <small>(Thunb.) Loes.</small> -- fanazava, hazomby (''[[Celastraceae]]''): tsy fisian' ny fandibolana (amenorhée), hererahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, tazo, gaotra, aretin' aty, fiakaran' ny glisemia * ''[[Neobeguea mahafaliensis]]'' <small>J.-F. Leroy</small> -- andy, handy (''[[Meliaceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, fahalemen' ny filahiana   * ''Neocussonia'' sp. <small>(Harms) Hutch.</small> -- marivoravina (''[[Araliaceae]]'') -- aretin-kibo * ''[[Paramollugo nudicaulis]]'' <small>(Lam.) Thulin</small> -- aferontany, aferotany (''[[Molluginaceae]]''): fanaintainan' ny kibo, sohika, kohaka, tazo, gaotra, fiakaran' ny glisemia, farasisa * ''[[Pentopetia androsaemifolia]]'' <small>Decne</small>.-- tandrokosy (''[[Apocynaceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), aretin' aty, fiakaran' ny glisemia * ''[[Phyllarthron bojeranum]]'' <small>DC.</small> -- zahana (''[[Bignoniaceae]]''): kohaka, angatra, fiakaran' ny glisemia, lombalgie * ''[[Senecio canaliculatus]]'' <small>Bojer ex DC.</small> --  ramijaingy (''[[Asteraceae]]''): fiakaran' ny glisemia * ''[[Senna occidentalis]]'' <small>(L.) Link</small> -- tsotsorinangatra (''[[Fabaceae]]''): angatra * ''[[Selenicereus triangularis]]'' <small>(L.) D.R.Hunt</small>. (na ''[[Selenicereus triangularis|Cereus triangularis]]'' <small>(L.) Haw.</small>) -- fakantsilo, fakatsilo, tsilotelorirana (''[[Cactaceae]]''): aretin' ny [[kambontsinay]], harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, angatra, gaotra, aretin' aty, fiakaran' ny glisemia, vato anaty voa       * ''[[Symphytum orientale]]'' <small>L.</small>  -- kaonsoda     (''[[Boraginaceae]]''): aretin-kibo * ''[[Vanilla madagascariensis]]'' <small>Rolfe</small> -- vahinamalo (''[[Orchidaceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), kohaka, fahalemen' ny filahiana, [[rohana]] * ''[[Woodfordia fruticosa]]'' <small>(L.) Kurz</small> -- lambohenjana (''[[Lythraceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, kohaka, fahalemen' ny filahiana, rohana == Jereo koa == * [[Tambavy]] Anarana manondro zavamaniry samihafa: * [[Aferontany]] (''[[Paramollugo nudicaulis]]'' <small>(Lam.) Thulin</small>;''[[Tachiadenus carinatus]]'' <small>(Desr.) Griseb.</small>) * [[Afiafy]] (''[[Avicennia marina]]'' <small>(Forsk.) Vierh.</small>; ''[[Celtis gomphophylla]]'' Baker) * [[Hazomalany]] (''[[Macarisia capuronii]]'' <small>Arènes</small>; ''[[Macarisia lanceolata]]'' <small>Baill</small>.; ''[[Macarisia nossibeensis]]'' <small>Arènes</small>; ''[[Molinaea retusa]]'' <small>Radlk</small>.; ''[[Macarisia pyramidata]]'' <small>Thouars</small>.; ''[[Payeria excelsa]]'' <small>Baill</small>.; [[Pittosporum verticillatum|''Pittosporum verticillatum'' subsp. ''pangalanense'']] <small>(Cufod.) Cufod.</small>; ''[[Crateva excelsa]]'' <small>Bojer</small>) * Kelimavitrika (''Athanasia brownii'' <small>Hochr</small>.) * [[Mandravasarotra]] (''[[Calliandra alternans]]'' <small>Benth.</small>; ''[[Cinnamosma fragrans]]'' <small>Baill.</small>; ''[[Cinnamosma macrocarpa]]'' <small>H.Perrier</small>; ''[[Croton hovarum]]'' <small>Leandri</small>; ''[[Desmodium ramosissimum]]'' <small>G. Don</small>) * Ninginingina (''[[Vernonia glutinosa]]'' <small>DC.</small>) * [[Ravintsara]] (''[[Camphora officinarum]]'' ; ''[[Cinnamomum verum]]'' ; ''[[Cryptocarya agathophylla]]'' ; ''[[Cryptocarya litoralis]]'' ; ''[[Vepris unifoliolata]]'' ) * [[Tandrokosy]] (''[[Alafia fuscata]]'' <small>Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala cryptophlebia]]'' <small>(Baker) Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala cryptophlebia]]'' <small>(Baker) Pichon</small>;''[[Cabucala multiflora]]'' <small>Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala plectaneiifolia]]'' <small>Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala polysperma]]'' <small>(Scott-Elliot) Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala striolata]]'' <small>Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala striolata]]'' <small>Pichon</small>; ''[[Mascarenhasia lisianthiflora]]'' <small>(Bojer) A. DC.</small>; ''[[Oncinotis tomentella]]'' <small>Radlk</small>.; ''[[Pentopetia androsaemifolia]]'' <small>Decne</small>.) * [[Tsotsorinangatra]] (''[[Senna septemtrionalis]]'' <small>(Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>; ''[[Senna occidentalis]]'' <small>(L.) Link</small>) * [[Zahana]] (''[[Leptolaena multiflora]]'' <small>Thouars</small>; ''[[Phyllarthron madagascariense]]'' <small>(Bojer) K. Schum.</small>; ''[[Xyloolaena perrieri]]'' <small>F. Gérard</small>) == Loharano == s4b757qv5rs2wr48lsv9waocx2qpcg3 1142497 1142471 2026-06-10T14:50:48Z Thelezifor 15140 Nanao fanitsiam-botoatiny 1142497 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''mangidy''' dia zavapisotro fanafody nentim-paharazana malagasy vita amin' ny zavamaniry tokana na maro samihafa<ref name=":0"><small>"[https://ethnobotanyjournal.org/index.php/era/article/view/1565 “Mangidy”: Malagasy Folk Beverages Sold in Madagascar’s Market Places]", ''ethnobotanyjournal.org''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336576316_Mangidy_Malagasy_folk_beverages_sold_in_Madagascar%27s_marketplaces “Mangidy”: Malagasy folk beverages sold in Madagascar’s marketplaces"], ''www.researchgate.net''</small></ref>. Araka ny boky ara-tsiansa sy momba ny [[etnôbôtanika]] dia karazana [[tambavy]] azo avy amin' ny fandomana na fitanehana zavamaniry ampiasaina amin' ny fitsaboana izy io<ref name=":0" />. == Taharo sy fanjifana == === Taharo fanamboarana mangidy === Miovaova arakaraka ny mpanomana ny fomba fanamboarana ny mangidy, saingy ny fanadihadiana sy ny tatitra momba ny fitsaboana nentim-paharazana eto [[Madagasikara]] dia mampiseho akora fototra fampiasa matetika. Nahafantarana karazana zavamaniry 24 ampiasaina amin' ny fanamboarana azy ny fanadihadiana etnôbôtanika natao tamin' ny mpivarotra mangidy tao Antananarivo. Matetika ny mpivarotra dia mampiasa fangaro misy zavamaniry 2 ka hatramin' ny 5 arakaraka ny vokatra tadiavina. Ny tena ampiasaina matetika dia ireto: * ny ''[[Paramollugo nudicaulis]]'' (aferontany na felatanandradaka); * ny ''[[Cedrelopsis grevei]]'' (katrafay): ny hodiny dia heverina fa manamaivana ny havizanana sy ny fanaintainan' ny hozatra; * ny ''[[Aphloia theiformis]]'' (voafotsy): ny raviny sy ny voany fotsy amin' io hazo io matetika no fototra amin' ny fanamboarana ny mangidy, ampiasaina amin' ny ady amin' ny [[tazo]]; * ny ''[[Camphora officinarum]]'' (ravintsara): ny raviny dia manana toetra miady amin' ny [[viriosy]] sy [[bakteria]]. * ny ''[[Selenicereus triangularis]]'' na ''[[Selenicereus triangularis|Hylocereus triangularis]]'' (fakantsilo na tsilotelorirana): karazana raketa mandady sy mianika; * ny ''[[Aloe macroclada]]'' (vahona): izay manome tsiro tena mangidy an' ilay fangaro. == Fanjifana sy fampiasana ary fahombiazany == === Fomba fitsinjarana sy fanjifana === Ny mangidy dia zavapisotro amidin' ny mpivarotra amoron-dalana na amin' ny trano eny amin' ny toeram-piantsonan' ny fiara fitateram-bahoaka sy eny amin' ny tsena lehibe, indrindra ao [[Antananarivo]]<ref name=":0" />. Matetika ny mpivarotra mangidy no mitondra io tambavy io amin' ny arôzôara plastika na metaly lehibe, izay matetika nsiana fanamboarana mba hitazonana tsara ny hafanana. Ny mpanjifa dia misotro mangidy iray kaopy mafana amin' izany eo no ho eo<ref name=":1"><small>"[https://www.plantes-botanique.org/genre_aphloia Genre des Aphloia]", ''www.plantes-botanique.org''</small></ref>. === Fomba fijery nentim-paharazana === Misotro mangidy ny olona mba hisorohana na hanasitranana aretina na ny fikorontanan' ny fahasalamana maro: mba hanadio ny vatana (manala poizina sy loto sady mampamany betsaka), hampihenana ny tazo sy hanamaivanana ny gripa, ary hampavitrika sy manohitra ny havizanana aorian' ny asa mafy ara-batana<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />. === Ny fomba fijery ara-pitsaboana môderina === Na dia ampahany manan-danja amin' ny kolontsaim-bahoaka malagasy momba fahasalamana aza ny mangidy, dia milaza ny fetran' ny fampiasana azy io tsy tapaka ny mpiasan' ny fahasalamam-bahoaka (Minisitry ny Fahasalamana sy ny manampahaizana amin' ny olana momba ny hanina). Nomarihin' ny dokotera malagasy sasany fa tsy misy fatrany hentitra ireo tambavy ireo. Mety hiteraka fanapoizinana amin' ny [[aty]] na ny [[Voa (taovam-biby)|voa]] ny fisotroana azy tafahoatra na isan' andro raha marihitra loatra<ref><small>"[https://2424.mg/fahasalamana-mila-fitandremana-ny-fisotroana-mangidy/ Fahasalamana: Mila fitandremana ny fisotroana mangidy]", ''2424.mg''</small></ref>. == Lisitry ny karazan-javamaniry ampiasaina == Indreto ny karazan-javamaniry ampiasaina amin' ny fanamboarana mangidy: * ''[[Aloe macroclada]]'' <small>Baker</small> -- vahona  (''[[Asphodelaceae]]''): tsy fisian' ny [[fadimbolana]] (amenorhée), harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), [[fitohanana]], [[tazo]], [[Angatra (aretina)|angatra]] * ''[[Avicennia marina]]'' <small>(Forssk.) Vierh.</small> -- afiafy (''[[Acanthaceae]]''): fiakaran' ny [[glisemia]], [[aretin-kibo]], [[farasisa]] * ''[[Nimo|Azadirachta indica]]'' <small>A. Juss.</small> -- nimo (''[[Meliaceae]]''): fanaintainan' ny kibo, [[sohika]], [[diabeta]], tazo, [[gaotra]], [[aretin' aty]] * ''[[Cedrelopsis grevei]]'' <small>Baill</small>. -- katrafay (''[[Rutaceae]]''): fanaintainan' ny kibo, harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, [[homamiadana]], [[kohaka]], fahalemen' ny filahiana, fiakaran' ny glisemia, vato anaty voa * ''[[Cinnamomum camphora]]'' <small>(L.) J. Presl</small> -- ravintsara (''[[Lauraceae]]''): fanaintainan' ny kibo, sohika, fanaintainan' ny lamosina, kohaka, tazo, gaotra, aretin' aty, fiakaran' ny glisemia * ''[[Cola nitida]]'' <small>(Vent.) Schott & Endl.</small> -- kôlà (''[[Malvaceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fahalemen' ny filahiana * ''[[Distephanus polygalifolius]]'' <small>(Less.) H. Rob. & B. Kahn</small> -- ninginingina (''[[Asteraceae]]''): fiakaran' ny glisemia * ''[[Embelia concinna]]'' <small>Baker</small> -- tanterakala (''[[Primulaceae]]''): fiakaran' ny glisemia * ''[[Inulanthera brownii]]'' <small>(Hochr.) Källersjö</small> -- kelimavitrika  (''[[Asteraceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fiakaran' ny glisemia, aretin-kibo * ''[[Lygodium lanceolatum]]'' <small>Desv.</small> -- karakaratoloho (''[[Lygodiaceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fiakaran' ny glisemia, aretin-kibo   * ''[[Mystroxylon aethiopicum]]'' <small>(Thunb.) Loes.</small> -- fanazava, hazomby (''[[Celastraceae]]''): tsy fisian' ny fandibolana (amenorhée), hererahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, tazo, gaotra, aretin' aty, fiakaran' ny glisemia * ''[[Neobeguea mahafaliensis]]'' <small>J.-F. Leroy</small> -- andy, handy (''[[Meliaceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, fahalemen' ny filahiana   * ''[[Neocussonia]]'' sp. <small>(Harms) Hutch.</small> -- marivoravina (''[[Araliaceae]]'') -- aretin-kibo * ''[[Nuxia capitata]]'' <small>Baker</small> -- valanirana (''[[Stilbaceae]]''): tsy fisian' ny [[fadimbolana]] (amenorhée), fiakaran' ny tosi-dra, fiakaran' ny kôlesterôla * ''[[Paramollugo nudicaulis]]'' <small>(Lam.) Thulin</small> -- aferontany, aferotany (''[[Molluginaceae]]''): fanaintainan' ny kibo, sohika, kohaka, tazo, gaotra, fiakaran' ny glisemia, farasisa * ''[[Pentopetia androsaemifolia]]'' <small>Decne</small>.-- tandrokosy (''[[Apocynaceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), aretin' aty, fiakaran' ny glisemia * ''[[Phyllarthron bojeranum]]'' <small>DC.</small> -- zahana (''[[Bignoniaceae]]''): kohaka, angatra, fiakaran' ny glisemia, lombalgie * ''[[Senecio canaliculatus]]'' <small>Bojer ex DC.</small> --  ramijaingy (''[[Asteraceae]]''): fiakaran' ny glisemia * ''[[Senna occidentalis]]'' <small>(L.) Link</small> -- tsotsorinangatra (''[[Fabaceae]]''): angatra * ''[[Selenicereus triangularis]]'' <small>(L.) D.R.Hunt</small>. (na ''[[Selenicereus triangularis|Cereus triangularis]]'' <small>(L.) Haw.</small>) -- fakantsilo, fakatsilo, tsilotelorirana (''[[Cactaceae]]''): aretin' ny [[kambontsinay]], harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, angatra, gaotra, aretin' aty, fiakaran' ny glisemia, vato anaty voa       * ''[[Symphytum orientale]]'' <small>L.</small>  -- kaonsoda  (''[[Boraginaceae]]''): aretin-kibo * ''[[Vanilla madagascariensis]]'' <small>Rolfe</small> -- vahinamalo (''[[Orchidaceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), kohaka, fahalemen' ny filahiana, [[rohana]] * ''[[Woodfordia fruticosa]]'' <small>(L.) Kurz</small> -- lambohenjana (''[[Lythraceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, kohaka, fahalemen' ny filahiana, rohana * ''[[Zea mays]]'' <small>L.</small> -- katsaka (''[[Poaceae]]''): [[Angatra (aretina)|angatra]] == Jereo koa == * [[Tambavy]] * Mangidy (''[[Physena madagascariensis]]'' <small>Thouars ex Tul.</small>) Anarana manondro zavamaniry samihafa: * [[Aferontany]] (''[[Paramollugo nudicaulis]]'' <small>(Lam.) Thulin</small>;''[[Tachiadenus carinatus]]'' <small>(Desr.) Griseb.</small>) * [[Afiafy]] (''[[Avicennia marina]]'' <small>(Forsk.) Vierh.</small>; ''[[Celtis gomphophylla]]'' Baker) * [[Hazomalany]] (''[[Macarisia capuronii]]'' <small>Arènes</small>; ''[[Macarisia lanceolata]]'' <small>Baill</small>.; ''[[Macarisia nossibeensis]]'' <small>Arènes</small>; ''[[Molinaea retusa]]'' <small>Radlk</small>.; ''[[Macarisia pyramidata]]'' <small>Thouars</small>.; ''[[Payeria excelsa]]'' <small>Baill</small>.; [[Pittosporum verticillatum|''Pittosporum verticillatum'' subsp. ''pangalanense'']] <small>(Cufod.) Cufod.</small>; ''[[Crateva excelsa]]'' <small>Bojer</small>) * Kelimavitrika (''Athanasia brownii'' <small>Hochr</small>.) * [[Mandravasarotra]] (''[[Calliandra alternans]]'' <small>Benth.</small>; ''[[Cinnamosma fragrans]]'' <small>Baill.</small>; ''[[Cinnamosma macrocarpa]]'' <small>H.Perrier</small>; ''[[Croton hovarum]]'' <small>Leandri</small>; ''[[Desmodium ramosissimum]]'' <small>G. Don</small>) * Ninginingina (''[[Vernonia glutinosa]]'' <small>DC.</small>) * [[Ravintsara]] (''[[Camphora officinarum]]'' ; ''[[Cinnamomum verum]]'' ; ''[[Cryptocarya agathophylla]]'' ; ''[[Cryptocarya litoralis]]'' ; ''[[Vepris unifoliolata]]'' ) * [[Tandrokosy]] (''[[Alafia fuscata]]'' <small>Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala cryptophlebia]]'' <small>(Baker) Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala cryptophlebia]]'' <small>(Baker) Pichon</small>;''[[Cabucala multiflora]]'' <small>Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala plectaneiifolia]]'' <small>Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala polysperma]]'' <small>(Scott-Elliot) Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala striolata]]'' <small>Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala striolata]]'' <small>Pichon</small>; ''[[Mascarenhasia lisianthiflora]]'' <small>(Bojer) A. DC.</small>; ''[[Oncinotis tomentella]]'' <small>Radlk</small>.; ''[[Pentopetia androsaemifolia]]'' <small>Decne</small>.) * [[Tsotsorinangatra]] (''[[Senna septemtrionalis]]'' <small>(Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>; ''[[Senna occidentalis]]'' <small>(L.) Link</small>) * [[Zahana]] (''[[Leptolaena multiflora]]'' <small>Thouars</small>; ''[[Phyllarthron madagascariense]]'' <small>(Bojer) K. Schum.</small>; ''[[Xyloolaena perrieri]]'' <small>F. Gérard</small>) == Loharano == jzou005oxgxusfbfkc82dazmwtytits 1142518 1142497 2026-06-10T15:50:33Z Thelezifor 15140 Aretina 1142518 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''mangidy''' dia zavapisotro fanafody nentim-paharazana malagasy vita amin' ny zavamaniry tokana na maro samihafa<ref name=":0"><small>"[https://ethnobotanyjournal.org/index.php/era/article/view/1565 “Mangidy”: Malagasy Folk Beverages Sold in Madagascar’s Market Places]", ''ethnobotanyjournal.org''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336576316_Mangidy_Malagasy_folk_beverages_sold_in_Madagascar%27s_marketplaces “Mangidy”: Malagasy folk beverages sold in Madagascar’s marketplaces"], ''www.researchgate.net''</small></ref>. Araka ny boky ara-tsiansa sy momba ny [[etnôbôtanika]] dia karazana [[tambavy]] azo avy amin' ny fandomana na fitanehana zavamaniry ampiasaina amin' ny fitsaboana izy io<ref name=":0" />. == Taharo sy fanjifana == === Taharo fanamboarana mangidy === Miovaova arakaraka ny mpanomana ny fomba fanamboarana ny mangidy, saingy ny fanadihadiana sy ny tatitra momba ny fitsaboana nentim-paharazana eto [[Madagasikara]] dia mampiseho akora fototra fampiasa matetika. Nahafantarana karazana zavamaniry 24 ampiasaina amin' ny fanamboarana azy ny fanadihadiana etnôbôtanika natao tamin' ny mpivarotra mangidy tao Antananarivo. Matetika ny mpivarotra dia mampiasa fangaro misy zavamaniry 2 ka hatramin' ny 5 arakaraka ny vokatra tadiavina. Ny tena ampiasaina matetika dia ireto: * ny ''[[Paramollugo nudicaulis]]'' (aferontany na felatanandradaka); * ny ''[[Cedrelopsis grevei]]'' (katrafay): ny hodiny dia heverina fa manamaivana ny havizanana sy ny fanaintainan' ny hozatra; * ny ''[[Aphloia theiformis]]'' (voafotsy): ny raviny sy ny voany fotsy amin' io hazo io matetika no fototra amin' ny fanamboarana ny mangidy, ampiasaina amin' ny ady amin' ny [[tazo]]; * ny ''[[Camphora officinarum]]'' (ravintsara): ny raviny dia manana toetra miady amin' ny [[viriosy]] sy [[bakteria]]. * ny ''[[Selenicereus triangularis]]'' na ''[[Selenicereus triangularis|Hylocereus triangularis]]'' (fakantsilo na tsilotelorirana): karazana raketa mandady sy mianika; * ny ''[[Aloe macroclada]]'' (vahona): izay manome tsiro tena mangidy an' ilay fangaro. == Fanjifana sy fampiasana ary fahombiazany == === Fomba fitsinjarana sy fanjifana === Ny mangidy dia zavapisotro amidin' ny mpivarotra amoron-dalana na amin' ny trano eny amin' ny toeram-piantsonan' ny fiara fitateram-bahoaka sy eny amin' ny tsena lehibe, indrindra ao [[Antananarivo]]<ref name=":0" />. Matetika ny mpivarotra mangidy no mitondra io tambavy io amin' ny arôzôara plastika na metaly lehibe, izay matetika nsiana fanamboarana mba hitazonana tsara ny hafanana. Ny mpanjifa dia misotro mangidy iray kaopy mafana amin' izany eo no ho eo<ref name=":1"><small>"[https://www.plantes-botanique.org/genre_aphloia Genre des Aphloia]", ''www.plantes-botanique.org''</small></ref>. === Fomba fijery nentim-paharazana === Misotro mangidy ny olona mba hisorohana na hanasitranana aretina na ny fikorontanan' ny fahasalamana maro: mba hanadio ny vatana (manala poizina sy loto sady mampamany betsaka), hampihenana ny tazo sy hanamaivanana ny gripa, ary hampavitrika sy manohitra ny havizanana aorian' ny asa mafy ara-batana<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />. === Ny fomba fijery ara-pitsaboana môderina === Na dia ampahany manan-danja amin' ny kolontsaim-bahoaka malagasy momba fahasalamana aza ny mangidy, dia milaza ny fetran' ny fampiasana azy io tsy tapaka ny mpiasan' ny fahasalamam-bahoaka (Minisitry ny Fahasalamana sy ny manampahaizana amin' ny olana momba ny hanina). Nomarihin' ny dokotera malagasy sasany fa tsy misy fatrany hentitra ireo tambavy ireo. Mety hiteraka fanapoizinana amin' ny [[aty]] na ny [[Voa (taovam-biby)|voa]] ny fisotroana azy tafahoatra na isan' andro raha marihitra loatra<ref><small>"[https://2424.mg/fahasalamana-mila-fitandremana-ny-fisotroana-mangidy/ Fahasalamana: Mila fitandremana ny fisotroana mangidy]", ''2424.mg''</small></ref>. == Lisitry ny karazan-javamaniry ampiasaina == Indreto ny karazan-javamaniry ampiasaina amin' ny fanamboarana mangidy: * ''[[Aloe macroclada]]'' <small>Baker</small> -- vahona: raviny, ranony (''[[Asphodelaceae]]''): tsy fisian' ny [[fadimbolana]] (amenorhée), harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), [[fitohanana]], kohaka, [[tazo]], [[Angatra (aretina)|angatra]], tazovony, <u>[[tandomitra]]</u>, <u>tsy mamany</u> * ''[[Avicennia marina]]'' <small>(Forssk.) Vierh.</small> -- afiafy: raviny (''[[Acanthaceae]]''): fiakaran' ny [[glisemia]], aretin-kibo sy aretim-bavony, [[farasisa]] * ''[[Nimo|Azadirachta indica]]'' <small>A. Juss.</small> -- nimo; (''[[Meliaceae]]''): fanaintainan' ny kibo, [[sohika]], [[diabeta]], tazo, [[gaotra]], [[aretin' aty]], tsy fisian' ny fadimbolana (aménorrhée), tsy fahampian' ny prôteinina, aretin-kibo * ''[[Cedrelopsis grevei]]'' <small>Baill</small>. -- katrafay (''[[Rutaceae]]''): fanaintainan' ny kibo, harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, [[homamiadana]], [[kohaka]], fahalemen' ny filahiana, [[gripa]], gaotra, fiakaran' ny glisemia, vato anaty voa, hatavezana, farasisa * ''[[Cinnamomum camphora]]'' <small>(L.) J. Presl</small> -- ravintsara: (''[[Lauraceae]]''): fanaintainan' ny kibo, [[sohika]], fanaintainan' ny lamosina, kohaka, tazo, gaotra * ''[[Cola nitida]]'' <small>(Vent.) Schott & Endl.</small> -- kôlà (''[[Malvaceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fahalemen' ny filahiana * ''[[Distephanus polygalifolius]]'' <small>(Less.) H. Rob. & B. Kahn</small> -- ninginingina: ravina (''[[Asteraceae]]''): fiakaran' ny glisemia * ''[[Embelia concinna]]'' <small>Baker</small> -- tanterakala: ravina (''[[Primulaceae]]''): fiakaran' ny glisemia * ''[[Inulanthera brownii]]'' <small>(Hochr.) Källersjö</small> -- kelimavitrika: ravina (''[[Asteraceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fiakaran' ny glisemia, aretin-kibo, [[farasisa]] * ''[[Lygodium lanceolatum]]'' <small>Desv.</small> -- karakaratoloho: ravina (''[[Lygodiaceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fiakaran' ny glisemia, aretin-kibo   * ''[[Mystroxylon aethiopicum]]'' <small>(Thunb.) Loes.</small> -- fanazava, hazomby: ravina (''[[Celastraceae]]''): tsy fisian' ny fadimbolana (amenorhée), hererahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, tazo, gaotra, aretin' aty, fiakaran' ny glisemia, tsy fahombiazan' ny voa, aretin-kibo, farasisa, tandomitra * ''[[Neobeguea mahafaliensis]]'' <small>J.-F. Leroy</small> -- andy, handy: hodiny (''[[Meliaceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, fahalemen' ny filahiana   * ''[[Neocussonia]]'' sp. <small>(Harms) Hutch.</small> -- marivoravina: raviny (''[[Araliaceae]]'') -- aretin-kibo * ''[[Nuxia capitata]]'' <small>Baker</small> -- valanirana: ravina (''[[Stilbaceae]]''): tsy fisian' ny [[fadimbolana]] (amenorhée), fiakaran' ny tosi-dra, fiakaran' ny kôlesterôla * ''[[Paramollugo nudicaulis]]'' <small>(Lam.) Thulin</small> -- aferontany, aferotany: manontolo (''[[Molluginaceae]]''): fanaintainan' ny kibo, sohika, kohaka, tazo, gaotra, fiakaran' ny glisemia, farasisa, hemôfilia (ra sarotra mivaingana), aretin-kibo, [[farasisa]], tsy mamany, tandomitra * ''[[Pentopetia androsaemifolia]]'' <small>Decne</small>.-- tandrokosy: tahony (''[[Apocynaceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), aretin' aty, fiakaran' ny glisemia, aretim-bavony * ''[[Phyllarthron bojeranum]]'' <small>DC.</small> -- zahana: ravina (''[[Bignoniaceae]]''): kohaka, angatra, fiakaran' ny glisemia, fanaintainan' ny [[valahana]] ([[Voa (taovam-biby)|voa]], [[hazondamosina]], [[fitatitra]]…) * ''[[Senecio canaliculatus]]'' <small>Bojer ex DC.</small> --  ramijaingy: manontolo (''[[Asteraceae]]''): fiakaran' ny glisemia * ''[[Senna occidentalis]]'' <small>(L.) Link</small> -- tsotsorinangatra: ravina (''[[Fabaceae]]''): angatra * ''[[Selenicereus triangularis]]'' <small>(L.) D.R.Hunt</small>. (na ''[[Selenicereus triangularis|Cereus triangularis]]'' <small>(L.) Haw.</small>) -- fakantsilo, fakatsilo, tsilotelorirana: fakany (''[[Cactaceae]]''): aretin' ny [[kambontsinay]], harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, angatra, [[gaotra]], aretin' aty, fiakaran' ny glisemia, vato anaty voa, fiakaran' ny kôlesterôla, tsy fahombiazan' ny voa, fanaintainan' ny valahana, aretin' ny prôstaty, aretin-kibo, tsy mamany, tandomitra * ''[[Symphytum orientale]]'' <small>L.</small>  -- kaonsoda: ravina (''[[Boraginaceae]]''): aretin-kibo * ''[[Vanilla madagascariensis]]'' <small>Rolfe</small> -- vahinamalo: taho (''[[Orchidaceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), kohaka, fahalemen' ny filahiana, [[rohana]], fanaintainan' ny lamosina, areti-nify * ''[[Woodfordia fruticosa]]'' <small>(L.) Kurz</small> -- lambohenjana: fakany (''[[Lythraceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, kohaka, fahalemen' ny filahiana, rohana, fanaintainan' ny lamosina, hanaintainan' ny valahana, rohana, areti-nify * ''[[Zea mays]]'' <small>L.</small> -- katsaka: volony (''[[Poaceae]]''): [[Angatra (aretina)|angatra]] == Jereo koa == * [[Tambavy]] * Mangidy (''[[Physena madagascariensis]]'' <small>Thouars ex Tul.</small>) Anarana manondro zavamaniry samihafa: * [[Aferontany]] (''[[Paramollugo nudicaulis]]'' <small>(Lam.) Thulin</small>;''[[Tachiadenus carinatus]]'' <small>(Desr.) Griseb.</small>) * [[Afiafy]] (''[[Avicennia marina]]'' <small>(Forsk.) Vierh.</small>; ''[[Celtis gomphophylla]]'' Baker) * [[Hazomalany]] (''[[Macarisia capuronii]]'' <small>Arènes</small>; ''[[Macarisia lanceolata]]'' <small>Baill</small>.; ''[[Macarisia nossibeensis]]'' <small>Arènes</small>; ''[[Molinaea retusa]]'' <small>Radlk</small>.; ''[[Macarisia pyramidata]]'' <small>Thouars</small>.; ''[[Payeria excelsa]]'' <small>Baill</small>.; [[Pittosporum verticillatum|''Pittosporum verticillatum'' subsp. ''pangalanense'']] <small>(Cufod.) Cufod.</small>; ''[[Crateva excelsa]]'' <small>Bojer</small>) * Kelimavitrika (''Athanasia brownii'' <small>Hochr</small>.) * [[Mandravasarotra]] (''[[Calliandra alternans]]'' <small>Benth.</small>; ''[[Cinnamosma fragrans]]'' <small>Baill.</small>; ''[[Cinnamosma macrocarpa]]'' <small>H.Perrier</small>; ''[[Croton hovarum]]'' <small>Leandri</small>; ''[[Desmodium ramosissimum]]'' <small>G. Don</small>) * Ninginingina (''[[Vernonia glutinosa]]'' <small>DC.</small>) * [[Ravintsara]] (''[[Camphora officinarum]]'' ; ''[[Cinnamomum verum]]'' ; ''[[Cryptocarya agathophylla]]'' ; ''[[Cryptocarya litoralis]]'' ; ''[[Vepris unifoliolata]]'' ) * [[Tandrokosy]] (''[[Alafia fuscata]]'' <small>Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala cryptophlebia]]'' <small>(Baker) Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala cryptophlebia]]'' <small>(Baker) Pichon</small>;''[[Cabucala multiflora]]'' <small>Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala plectaneiifolia]]'' <small>Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala polysperma]]'' <small>(Scott-Elliot) Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala striolata]]'' <small>Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala striolata]]'' <small>Pichon</small>; ''[[Mascarenhasia lisianthiflora]]'' <small>(Bojer) A. DC.</small>; ''[[Oncinotis tomentella]]'' <small>Radlk</small>.; ''[[Pentopetia androsaemifolia]]'' <small>Decne</small>.) * [[Tsotsorinangatra]] (''[[Senna septemtrionalis]]'' <small>(Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>; ''[[Senna occidentalis]]'' <small>(L.) Link</small>) * [[Zahana]] (''[[Leptolaena multiflora]]'' <small>Thouars</small>; ''[[Phyllarthron madagascariense]]'' <small>(Bojer) K. Schum.</small>; ''[[Xyloolaena perrieri]]'' <small>F. Gérard</small>) == Loharano == cpv8by3lss3xspatp18dybjhikrq70k 1142522 1142518 2026-06-10T15:59:39Z Thelezifor 15140 Nanitsy votoatiny 1142522 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''mangidy''' dia zavapisotro fanafody nentim-paharazana malagasy vita amin' ny zavamaniry tokana na maro samihafa<ref name=":0"><small>"[https://ethnobotanyjournal.org/index.php/era/article/view/1565 “Mangidy”: Malagasy Folk Beverages Sold in Madagascar’s Market Places]", ''ethnobotanyjournal.org''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336576316_Mangidy_Malagasy_folk_beverages_sold_in_Madagascar%27s_marketplaces “Mangidy”: Malagasy folk beverages sold in Madagascar’s marketplaces"], ''www.researchgate.net''</small></ref>. Araka ny boky ara-tsiansa sy momba ny [[etnôbôtanika]] dia karazana [[tambavy]] azo avy amin' ny fandomana na fitanehana zavamaniry ampiasaina amin' ny fitsaboana izy io<ref name=":0" />. == Taharo sy fanjifana == === Taharo fanamboarana ny mangidy === Miovaova arakaraka ny mpanomana ny fomba fanamboarana ny mangidy, saingy ny fanadihadiana sy ny tatitra momba ny fitsaboana nentim-paharazana eto [[Madagasikara]] dia mampiseho akora fototra fampiasa matetika. Nahafantarana karazana zavamaniry 24 ampiasaina amin' ny fanamboarana azy ny fanadihadiana etnôbôtanika natao tamin' ny mpivarotra mangidy tao Antananarivo. Matetika ny mpivarotra dia mampiasa fangaro misy zavamaniry 2 ka hatramin' ny 5 arakaraka ny vokatra tadiavina. Ny tena ampiasaina matetika dia ireto: * ny ''[[Paramollugo nudicaulis]]'' (aferontany na felatanandradaka): ny taovana rehetra eny aminy dia manasitrana na mampihena fanaintainan' ny kibo, [[sohika]], [[kohaka]], [[tazo]], [[gaotra]], fiakaran' ny [[glisemia]], [[farasisa]], [[hemôfilia]] (ra sarotra mivaingana), aretin-kibo, [[farasisa]], tsy mamany, [[tandomitra]]; * ny ''[[Cedrelopsis grevei]]'' (katrafay): ny hodiny dia heverina fa manasitrana na manamaivana fanaintainan' ny kibo, harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, [[homamiadana]], kohaka, fahalemen' ny filahiana, gripa, gaotra, fiakaran' ny glisemia, [[vato anaty voa]], [[hatavezana]], farasisa; * ny ''[[Camphora officinarum]]'' (ravintsara): ny raviny dia manana toetra miady amin' ny [[viriosy]] sy [[bakteria]]: manasitrana fanaintainan' ny kibo, [[sohika]], fanaintainan' ny lamosina, kohaka, tazo, gaotra; * ny ''[[Selenicereus triangularis]]'' na ''[[Selenicereus triangularis|Hylocereus triangularis]]'' (fakantsilo na tsilotelorirana): ny fakany dia manasitrana ny aretin' ny [[kambontsinay]], harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, angatra, [[gaotra]], aretin' aty, fiakaran' ny glisemia, vato anaty voa, fiakaran' ny kôlesterôla, tsy fahombiazan' ny voa, fanaintainan' ny valahana, aretin' ny prôstaty, aretin-kibo, tsy mamany, tandomitra; * ny ''[[Aloe macroclada]]'' (vahona): izay manome tsiro tena mangidy an' ilay fangaro dia manasitrana ny tsy fisian' ny [[fadimbolana]] (amenorhée), harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), [[fitohanana]], kohaka, [[tazo]], [[Angatra (aretina)|angatra]], tazovony, [[tandomitra]], tsy mamany == Fanjifana sy fampiasana ary fahombiazany == === Fomba fitsinjarana sy fanjifana === Ny mangidy dia zavapisotro amidin' ny mpivarotra amoron-dalana na amin' ny trano eny amin' ny toeram-piantsonan' ny fiara fitateram-bahoaka sy eny amin' ny tsena lehibe, indrindra ao [[Antananarivo]]<ref name=":0" />. Matetika ny mpivarotra mangidy no mitondra io tambavy io amin' ny arôzôara plastika na metaly lehibe, izay matetika nsiana fanamboarana mba hitazonana tsara ny hafanana. Ny mpanjifa dia misotro mangidy iray kaopy mafana amin' izany eo no ho eo<ref name=":1"><small>"[https://www.plantes-botanique.org/genre_aphloia Genre des Aphloia]", ''www.plantes-botanique.org''</small></ref>. === Fomba fijery nentim-paharazana === Misotro mangidy ny olona mba hisorohana na hanasitranana aretina na ny fikorontanan' ny fahasalamana maro: mba hanadio ny vatana (manala poizina sy loto sady mampamany betsaka), hampihenana ny tazo sy hanamaivanana ny gripa, ary hampavitrika sy manohitra ny havizanana aorian' ny asa mafy ara-batana<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />. === Ny fomba fijery ara-pitsaboana môderina === Na dia ampahany manan-danja amin' ny kolontsaim-bahoaka malagasy momba fahasalamana aza ny mangidy, dia milaza ny fetran' ny fampiasana azy io tsy tapaka ny mpiasan' ny fahasalamam-bahoaka (Minisitry ny Fahasalamana sy ny manampahaizana amin' ny olana momba ny hanina). Nomarihin' ny dokotera malagasy sasany fa tsy misy fatrany hentitra ireo tambavy ireo. Mety hiteraka fanapoizinana amin' ny [[aty]] na ny [[Voa (taovam-biby)|voa]] ny fisotroana azy tafahoatra na isan' andro raha marihitra loatra<ref><small>"[https://2424.mg/fahasalamana-mila-fitandremana-ny-fisotroana-mangidy/ Fahasalamana: Mila fitandremana ny fisotroana mangidy]", ''2424.mg''</small></ref>. == Lisitry ny karazan-javamaniry ampiasaina == Indreto ny karazan-javamaniry ampiasaina amin' ny fanamboarana mangidy: * ''[[Aloe macroclada]]'' <small>Baker</small> -- vahona: raviny, ranony (''[[Asphodelaceae]]''): tsy fisian' ny [[fadimbolana]] (amenorhée), harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), [[fitohanana]], kohaka, [[tazo]], [[Angatra (aretina)|angatra]], tazovony, [[tandomitra]], tsy mamany * ''[[Avicennia marina]]'' <small>(Forssk.) Vierh.</small> -- afiafy: raviny (''[[Acanthaceae]]''): fiakaran' ny [[glisemia]], aretin-kibo sy aretim-bavony, [[farasisa]] * ''[[Nimo|Azadirachta indica]]'' <small>A. Juss.</small> -- nimo; (''[[Meliaceae]]''): fanaintainan' ny kibo, [[sohika]], [[diabeta]], tazo, [[gaotra]], [[aretin' aty]], tsy fisian' ny fadimbolana (aménorrhée), tsy fahampian' ny prôteinina, aretin-kibo * ''[[Cedrelopsis grevei]]'' <small>Baill</small>. -- katrafay (''[[Rutaceae]]''): fanaintainan' ny kibo, harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, [[homamiadana]], [[kohaka]], fahalemen' ny filahiana, [[gripa]], gaotra, fiakaran' ny glisemia, vato anaty voa, hatavezana, farasisa * ''[[Cinnamomum camphora]]'' <small>(L.) J. Presl</small> -- ravintsara: (''[[Lauraceae]]''): fanaintainan' ny kibo, [[sohika]], fanaintainan' ny lamosina, kohaka, tazo, gaotra * ''[[Cola nitida]]'' <small>(Vent.) Schott & Endl.</small> -- kôlà (''[[Malvaceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fahalemen' ny filahiana * ''[[Distephanus polygalifolius]]'' <small>(Less.) H. Rob. & B. Kahn</small> -- ninginingina: ravina (''[[Asteraceae]]''): fiakaran' ny glisemia * ''[[Embelia concinna]]'' <small>Baker</small> -- tanterakala: ravina (''[[Primulaceae]]''): fiakaran' ny glisemia * ''[[Inulanthera brownii]]'' <small>(Hochr.) Källersjö</small> -- kelimavitrika: ravina (''[[Asteraceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fiakaran' ny glisemia, aretin-kibo, [[farasisa]] * ''[[Lygodium lanceolatum]]'' <small>Desv.</small> -- karakaratoloho: ravina (''[[Lygodiaceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fiakaran' ny glisemia, aretin-kibo   * ''[[Mystroxylon aethiopicum]]'' <small>(Thunb.) Loes.</small> -- fanazava, hazomby: ravina (''[[Celastraceae]]''): tsy fisian' ny fadimbolana (amenorhée), hererahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, tazo, gaotra, aretin' aty, fiakaran' ny glisemia, tsy fahombiazan' ny voa, aretin-kibo, farasisa, tandomitra * ''[[Neobeguea mahafaliensis]]'' <small>J.-F. Leroy</small> -- andy, handy: hodiny (''[[Meliaceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, fahalemen' ny filahiana   * ''[[Neocussonia]]'' sp. <small>(Harms) Hutch.</small> -- marivoravina: raviny (''[[Araliaceae]]'') -- aretin-kibo * ''[[Nuxia capitata]]'' <small>Baker</small> -- valanirana: ravina (''[[Stilbaceae]]''): tsy fisian' ny [[fadimbolana]] (amenorhée), fiakaran' ny tosi-dra, fiakaran' ny kôlesterôla * ''[[Paramollugo nudicaulis]]'' <small>(Lam.) Thulin</small> -- aferontany, aferotany: manontolo (''[[Molluginaceae]]''): fanaintainan' ny kibo, sohika, kohaka, tazo, gaotra, fiakaran' ny glisemia, farasisa, hemôfilia (ra sarotra mivaingana), aretin-kibo, [[farasisa]], tsy mamany, tandomitra * ''[[Pentopetia androsaemifolia]]'' <small>Decne</small>.-- tandrokosy: tahony (''[[Apocynaceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), aretin' aty, fiakaran' ny glisemia, aretim-bavony * ''[[Phyllarthron bojeranum]]'' <small>DC.</small> -- zahana: ravina (''[[Bignoniaceae]]''): kohaka, angatra, fiakaran' ny glisemia, fanaintainan' ny [[valahana]] ([[Voa (taovam-biby)|voa]], [[hazondamosina]], [[fitatitra]]…) * ''[[Senecio canaliculatus]]'' <small>Bojer ex DC.</small> --  ramijaingy: manontolo (''[[Asteraceae]]''): fiakaran' ny glisemia * ''[[Senna occidentalis]]'' <small>(L.) Link</small> -- tsotsorinangatra: ravina (''[[Fabaceae]]''): angatra * ''[[Selenicereus triangularis]]'' <small>(L.) D.R.Hunt</small>. (na ''[[Selenicereus triangularis|Cereus triangularis]]'' <small>(L.) Haw.</small>) -- fakantsilo, fakatsilo, tsilotelorirana: fakany (''[[Cactaceae]]''): aretin' ny [[kambontsinay]], harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, angatra, [[gaotra]], aretin' aty, fiakaran' ny glisemia, vato anaty voa, fiakaran' ny kôlesterôla, tsy fahombiazan' ny voa, fanaintainan' ny valahana, aretin' ny prôstaty, aretin-kibo, tsy mamany, tandomitra * ''[[Symphytum orientale]]'' <small>L.</small>  -- kaonsoda: ravina (''[[Boraginaceae]]''): aretin-kibo * ''[[Vanilla madagascariensis]]'' <small>Rolfe</small> -- vahinamalo: taho (''[[Orchidaceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), kohaka, fahalemen' ny filahiana, [[rohana]], fanaintainan' ny lamosina, areti-nify * ''[[Woodfordia fruticosa]]'' <small>(L.) Kurz</small> -- lambohenjana: fakany (''[[Lythraceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, kohaka, fahalemen' ny filahiana, rohana, fanaintainan' ny lamosina, hanaintainan' ny valahana, rohana, areti-nify * ''[[Zea mays]]'' <small>L.</small> -- katsaka: volony (''[[Poaceae]]''): [[Angatra (aretina)|angatra]] == Jereo koa == * [[Tambavy]] * Mangidy (''[[Physena madagascariensis]]'' <small>Thouars ex Tul.</small>) Anarana manondro zavamaniry samihafa: * [[Aferontany]] (''[[Paramollugo nudicaulis]]'' <small>(Lam.) Thulin</small>;''[[Tachiadenus carinatus]]'' <small>(Desr.) Griseb.</small>) * [[Afiafy]] (''[[Avicennia marina]]'' <small>(Forsk.) Vierh.</small>; ''[[Celtis gomphophylla]]'' Baker) * [[Hazomalany]] (''[[Macarisia capuronii]]'' <small>Arènes</small>; ''[[Macarisia lanceolata]]'' <small>Baill</small>.; ''[[Macarisia nossibeensis]]'' <small>Arènes</small>; ''[[Molinaea retusa]]'' <small>Radlk</small>.; ''[[Macarisia pyramidata]]'' <small>Thouars</small>.; ''[[Payeria excelsa]]'' <small>Baill</small>.; [[Pittosporum verticillatum|''Pittosporum verticillatum'' subsp. ''pangalanense'']] <small>(Cufod.) Cufod.</small>; ''[[Crateva excelsa]]'' <small>Bojer</small>) * Kelimavitrika (''Athanasia brownii'' <small>Hochr</small>.) * [[Mandravasarotra]] (''[[Calliandra alternans]]'' <small>Benth.</small>; ''[[Cinnamosma fragrans]]'' <small>Baill.</small>; ''[[Cinnamosma macrocarpa]]'' <small>H.Perrier</small>; ''[[Croton hovarum]]'' <small>Leandri</small>; ''[[Desmodium ramosissimum]]'' <small>G. Don</small>) * Ninginingina (''[[Vernonia glutinosa]]'' <small>DC.</small>) * [[Ravintsara]] (''[[Camphora officinarum]]'' ; ''[[Cinnamomum verum]]'' ; ''[[Cryptocarya agathophylla]]'' ; ''[[Cryptocarya litoralis]]'' ; ''[[Vepris unifoliolata]]'' ) * [[Tandrokosy]] (''[[Alafia fuscata]]'' <small>Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala cryptophlebia]]'' <small>(Baker) Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala cryptophlebia]]'' <small>(Baker) Pichon</small>;''[[Cabucala multiflora]]'' <small>Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala plectaneiifolia]]'' <small>Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala polysperma]]'' <small>(Scott-Elliot) Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala striolata]]'' <small>Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala striolata]]'' <small>Pichon</small>; ''[[Mascarenhasia lisianthiflora]]'' <small>(Bojer) A. DC.</small>; ''[[Oncinotis tomentella]]'' <small>Radlk</small>.; ''[[Pentopetia androsaemifolia]]'' <small>Decne</small>.) * [[Tsotsorinangatra]] (''[[Senna septemtrionalis]]'' <small>(Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>; ''[[Senna occidentalis]]'' <small>(L.) Link</small>) * [[Zahana]] (''[[Leptolaena multiflora]]'' <small>Thouars</small>; ''[[Phyllarthron madagascariense]]'' <small>(Bojer) K. Schum.</small>; ''[[Xyloolaena perrieri]]'' <small>F. Gérard</small>) == Loharano == p21slfpyojc5w4y3kddoho0t4a6a2ta 1142528 1142522 2026-06-10T16:25:31Z Thelezifor 15140 Aretina voakasika 1142528 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''mangidy''' dia zavapisotro fanafody nentim-paharazana malagasy vita amin' ny zavamaniry tokana na maro samihafa<ref name=":0"><small>"[https://ethnobotanyjournal.org/index.php/era/article/view/1565 “Mangidy”: Malagasy Folk Beverages Sold in Madagascar’s Market Places]", ''ethnobotanyjournal.org''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336576316_Mangidy_Malagasy_folk_beverages_sold_in_Madagascar%27s_marketplaces “Mangidy”: Malagasy folk beverages sold in Madagascar’s marketplaces"], ''www.researchgate.net''</small></ref>. Araka ny boky ara-tsiansa sy momba ny [[etnôbôtanika]] dia karazana [[tambavy]] azo avy amin' ny fandomana na fitanehana zavamaniry ampiasaina amin' ny fitsaboana izy io<ref name=":0" />. == Taharo sy fanjifana == === Taharo fanamboarana ny mangidy === Miovaova arakaraka ny mpanomana ny fomba fanamboarana ny mangidy, saingy ny fanadihadiana sy ny tatitra momba ny fitsaboana nentim-paharazana eto [[Madagasikara]] dia mampiseho akora fototra fampiasa matetika. Nahafantarana karazana zavamaniry 24 ampiasaina amin' ny fanamboarana azy ny fanadihadiana etnôbôtanika natao tamin' ny mpivarotra mangidy tao Antananarivo. Matetika ny mpivarotra dia mampiasa fangaro misy zavamaniry 2 ka hatramin' ny 5 arakaraka ny vokatra tadiavina. Ny tena ampiasaina matetika dia ireto: * ny ''[[Paramollugo nudicaulis]]'' (aferontany na felatanandradaka): ny taovana rehetra eny aminy dia manasitrana na mampihena fanaintainan' ny kibo, [[sohika]], [[kohaka]], [[tazo]], [[gaotra]], fiakaran' ny [[glisemia]], [[farasisa]], [[hemôfilia]] (ra sarotra mivaingana), aretin-kibo, [[farasisa]], tsy mamany, [[tandomitra]]; * ny ''[[Cedrelopsis grevei]]'' (katrafay): ny hodiny dia heverina fa manasitrana na manamaivana fanaintainan' ny kibo, harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, [[homamiadana]], kohaka, fahalemen' ny filahiana, gripa, gaotra, fiakaran' ny glisemia, [[vato anaty voa]], [[hatavezana]], farasisa; * ny ''[[Camphora officinarum]]'' (ravintsara): ny raviny dia manana toetra miady amin' ny [[viriosy]] sy [[bakteria]]: manasitrana fanaintainan' ny kibo, [[sohika]], fanaintainan' ny lamosina, kohaka, tazo, gaotra; * ny ''[[Selenicereus triangularis]]'' na ''[[Selenicereus triangularis|Hylocereus triangularis]]'' (fakantsilo na tsilotelorirana): ny fakany dia manasitrana ny aretin' ny [[kambontsinay]], harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, angatra, [[gaotra]], aretin' aty, fiakaran' ny glisemia, vato anaty voa, fiakaran' ny kôlesterôla, tsy fahombiazan' ny voa, fanaintainan' ny valahana, aretin' ny prôstaty, aretin-kibo, tsy mamany, tandomitra; * ny ''[[Aloe macroclada]]'' (vahona): izay manome tsiro tena mangidy an' ilay fangaro dia manasitrana ny tsy fisian' ny [[fadimbolana]] (amenorhée), harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), [[fitohanana]], kohaka, [[tazo]], [[Angatra (aretina)|angatra]], tazovony, [[tandomitra]], tsy mamany == Fanjifana sy fampiasana ary fahombiazany == === Fomba fitsinjarana sy fanjifana === Ny mangidy dia zavapisotro amidin' ny mpivarotra amoron-dalana na amin' ny trano eny amin' ny toeram-piantsonan' ny fiara fitateram-bahoaka sy eny amin' ny tsena lehibe, indrindra ao [[Antananarivo]]<ref name=":0" />. Matetika ny mpivarotra mangidy no mitondra io tambavy io amin' ny arôzôara plastika na metaly lehibe, izay matetika nsiana fanamboarana mba hitazonana tsara ny hafanana. Ny mpanjifa dia misotro mangidy iray kaopy mafana amin' izany eo no ho eo<ref name=":1"><small>"[https://www.plantes-botanique.org/genre_aphloia Genre des Aphloia]", ''www.plantes-botanique.org''</small></ref>. === Fomba fijery nentim-paharazana === Misotro mangidy ny olona mba hisorohana na hanasitranana aretina na ny fikorontanan' ny fahasalamana maro: mba hanadio ny vatana (manala poizina sy loto sady mampamany betsaka), hampihenana ny tazo sy hanamaivanana ny gripa, ary hampavitrika sy manohitra ny havizanana aorian' ny asa mafy ara-batana<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />. === Ny fomba fijery ara-pitsaboana môderina === Na dia ampahany manan-danja amin' ny kolontsaim-bahoaka malagasy momba fahasalamana aza ny mangidy, dia milaza ny fetran' ny fampiasana azy io tsy tapaka ny mpiasan' ny fahasalamam-bahoaka (Minisitry ny Fahasalamana sy ny manampahaizana amin' ny olana momba ny hanina). Nomarihin' ny dokotera malagasy sasany fa tsy misy fatrany hentitra ireo tambavy ireo. Mety hiteraka fanapoizinana amin' ny [[aty]] na ny [[Voa (taovam-biby)|voa]] ny fisotroana azy tafahoatra na isan' andro raha marihitra loatra<ref><small>"[https://2424.mg/fahasalamana-mila-fitandremana-ny-fisotroana-mangidy/ Fahasalamana: Mila fitandremana ny fisotroana mangidy]", ''2424.mg''</small></ref>. == Lisitry ny karazan-javamaniry ampiasaina == Indreto ny karazan-javamaniry ampiasaina amin' ny fanamboarana mangidy: * ''[[Aloe macroclada]]'' <small>Baker</small> -- vahona: raviny, ranony (''[[Asphodelaceae]]''): tsy fisian' ny [[fadimbolana]] (amenorhée), harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), [[fitohanana]], kohaka, [[tazo]], [[Angatra (aretina)|angatra]], tazovony, [[tandomitra]], tsy mamany * ''[[Avicennia marina]]'' <small>(Forssk.) Vierh.</small> -- afiafy: raviny (''[[Acanthaceae]]''): fiakaran' ny [[glisemia]], aretin-kibo sy aretim-bavony, [[farasisa]] * ''[[Nimo|Azadirachta indica]]'' <small>A. Juss.</small> -- nimo: ravina (''[[Meliaceae]]''): fanaintainan' ny kibo, [[sohika]], [[diabeta]], tazo, [[gaotra]], [[aretin' aty]], tsy fisian' ny fadimbolana (aménorrhée), tsy fahampian' ny prôteinina, aretin-kibo * ''[[Cedrelopsis grevei]]'' <small>Baill</small>. -- katrafay (''[[Rutaceae]]''): fanaintainan' ny kibo, harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, [[homamiadana]], [[kohaka]], fahalemen' ny filahiana, [[gripa]], gaotra, fiakaran' ny glisemia, vato anaty voa, hatavezana, farasisa * ''[[Cinnamomum camphora]]'' <small>(L.) J. Presl</small> -- ravintsara: (''[[Lauraceae]]''): fanaintainan' ny kibo, [[sohika]], fanaintainan' ny lamosina, kohaka, tazo, gaotra * ''[[Cola nitida]]'' <small>(Vent.) Schott & Endl.</small> -- kôlà: vihim-boany (''[[Malvaceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fahalemen' ny filahiana * ''[[Distephanus polygalifolius]]'' <small>(Less.) H. Rob. & B. Kahn</small> -- ninginingina: ravina (''[[Asteraceae]]''): fiakaran' ny glisemia * ''[[Embelia concinna]]'' <small>Baker</small> -- tanterakala: ravina (''[[Primulaceae]]''): fiakaran' ny glisemia * ''[[Inulanthera brownii]]'' <small>(Hochr.) Källersjö</small> -- kelimavitrika: ravina (''[[Asteraceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fiakaran' ny glisemia, aretin-kibo, [[farasisa]] * ''[[Lygodium lanceolatum]]'' <small>Desv.</small> -- karakaratoloho: ravina (''[[Lygodiaceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fiakaran' ny glisemia, aretin-kibo   * ''[[Mystroxylon aethiopicum]]'' <small>(Thunb.) Loes.</small> -- fanazava, hazomby: ravina (''[[Celastraceae]]''): tsy fisian' ny fadimbolana (amenorhée), harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, tazo, gaotra, aretin' aty, fiakaran' ny glisemia, tsy fahombiazan' ny voa, aretin-kibo, farasisa, tandomitra * ''[[Neobeguea mahafaliensis]]'' <small>J.-F. Leroy</small> -- andy, handy: hodiny (''[[Meliaceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, fahalemen' ny filahiana   * ''[[Neocussonia]]'' sp. <small>(Harms) Hutch.</small> -- marivoravina: raviny (''[[Araliaceae]]'') -- aretin-kibo * ''[[Nuxia capitata]]'' <small>Baker</small> -- valanirana: ravina (''[[Stilbaceae]]''): tsy fisian' ny [[fadimbolana]] (amenorhée), fiakaran' ny tosi-dra, fiakaran' ny kôlesterôla * ''[[Paramollugo nudicaulis]]'' <small>(Lam.) Thulin</small> -- aferontany, aferotany: manontolo (''[[Molluginaceae]]''): fanaintainan' ny kibo, sohika, kohaka, tazo, gaotra, fiakaran' ny glisemia, farasisa, hemôfilia (ra sarotra mivaingana), aretin-kibo, [[farasisa]], tsy mamany, tandomitra * ''[[Pentopetia androsaemifolia]]'' <small>Decne</small>.-- tandrokosy: tahony (''[[Apocynaceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), aretin' aty, fiakaran' ny glisemia, aretin-kibo * ''[[Phyllarthron bojeranum]]'' <small>DC.</small> -- zahana: ravina (''[[Bignoniaceae]]''): kohaka, angatra, fiakaran' ny glisemia, fanaintainan' ny [[valahana]] ([[Voa (taovam-biby)|voa]], [[hazondamosina]], [[fitatitra]]…) * ''[[Senecio canaliculatus]]'' <small>Bojer ex DC.</small> --  ramijaingy: manontolo (''[[Asteraceae]]''): fiakaran' ny glisemia * ''[[Senna occidentalis]]'' <small>(L.) Link</small> -- tsotsorinangatra: ravina (''[[Fabaceae]]''): angatra * ''[[Selenicereus triangularis]]'' <small>(L.) D.R.Hunt</small>. (na ''[[Selenicereus triangularis|Cereus triangularis]]'' <small>(L.) Haw.</small>) -- fakantsilo, fakatsilo, tsilotelorirana: fakany (''[[Cactaceae]]''): aretin' ny [[kambontsinay]], harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, angatra, [[gaotra]], aretin' aty, fiakaran' ny glisemia, vato anaty voa, fiakaran' ny kôlesterôla, tsy fahombiazan' ny voa, fanaintainan' ny valahana, aretin' ny prôstaty, aretin-kibo, tsy mamany, tandomitra * ''[[Symphytum orientale]]'' <small>L.</small>  -- kaonsoda: ravina (''[[Boraginaceae]]''): aretin-kibo * ''[[Vanilla madagascariensis]]'' <small>Rolfe</small> -- vahinamalo: taho (''[[Orchidaceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), kohaka, fahalemen' ny filahiana, [[rohana]], fanaintainan' ny lamosina, areti-nify * ''[[Woodfordia fruticosa]]'' <small>(L.) Kurz</small> -- lambohenjana: fakany (''[[Lythraceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, kohaka, fahalemen' ny filahiana, rohana, fanaintainan' ny lamosina, hanaintainan' ny valahana, rohana, areti-nify * ''[[Zea mays]]'' <small>L.</small> -- katsaka: volony (''[[Poaceae]]''): [[Angatra (aretina)|angatra]] == Aretina voakasika == Indreto ny aretina sy ny fahasahiranana ara-pahasalamana sasany voakasiky ny fitsaboana amin' ny alalan' ny mangidy: angatra, [[aretin' aty]], aretin' ny [[kambontsinay]], aretin' ny prôstaty, areti-nify, aretin-kibo, [[diabeta]], fahalemen' ny filahiana, fanaintainan' ny kibo, fanaintainan' ny lamosina, fanaintainan' ny [[valahana]] ([[Voa (taovam-biby)|voa]], [[hazondamosina]], [[fitatitra]]…), [[farasisa]], fiakaran' ny glisemia, fiakaran' ny kôlesterôla, fiakaran' ny tosi-dra, [[fitohanana]], gaotra, [[gripa]], harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), hatavezana, hemôfilia (ra sarotra mivaingana), [[homamiadana]], [[kohaka]], [[rohana]], [[sohika]], tandomitra, [[tazo]], tazovony, tsy fahampian' ny prôteinina, tsy fahombiazan' ny voa, tsy fisian' ny [[fadimbolana]] (amenorhée), tsy mamany, vato anaty voa. == Jereo koa == * [[Tambavy]] * Mangidy (''[[Physena madagascariensis]]'' <small>Thouars ex Tul.</small>) Anarana manondro zavamaniry samihafa: * [[Aferontany]] (''[[Paramollugo nudicaulis]]'' <small>(Lam.) Thulin</small>;''[[Tachiadenus carinatus]]'' <small>(Desr.) Griseb.</small>) * [[Afiafy]] (''[[Avicennia marina]]'' <small>(Forsk.) Vierh.</small>; ''[[Celtis gomphophylla]]'' Baker) * [[Hazomalany]] (''[[Macarisia capuronii]]'' <small>Arènes</small>; ''[[Macarisia lanceolata]]'' <small>Baill</small>.; ''[[Macarisia nossibeensis]]'' <small>Arènes</small>; ''[[Molinaea retusa]]'' <small>Radlk</small>.; ''[[Macarisia pyramidata]]'' <small>Thouars</small>.; ''[[Payeria excelsa]]'' <small>Baill</small>.; [[Pittosporum verticillatum|''Pittosporum verticillatum'' subsp. ''pangalanense'']] <small>(Cufod.) Cufod.</small>; ''[[Crateva excelsa]]'' <small>Bojer</small>) * Kelimavitrika (''Athanasia brownii'' <small>Hochr</small>.) * [[Mandravasarotra]] (''[[Calliandra alternans]]'' <small>Benth.</small>; ''[[Cinnamosma fragrans]]'' <small>Baill.</small>; ''[[Cinnamosma macrocarpa]]'' <small>H.Perrier</small>; ''[[Croton hovarum]]'' <small>Leandri</small>; ''[[Desmodium ramosissimum]]'' <small>G. Don</small>) * Ninginingina (''[[Vernonia glutinosa]]'' <small>DC.</small>) * [[Ravintsara]] (''[[Camphora officinarum]]'' ; ''[[Cinnamomum verum]]'' ; ''[[Cryptocarya agathophylla]]'' ; ''[[Cryptocarya litoralis]]'' ; ''[[Vepris unifoliolata]]'' ) * [[Tandrokosy]] (''[[Alafia fuscata]]'' <small>Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala cryptophlebia]]'' <small>(Baker) Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala cryptophlebia]]'' <small>(Baker) Pichon</small>;''[[Cabucala multiflora]]'' <small>Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala plectaneiifolia]]'' <small>Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala polysperma]]'' <small>(Scott-Elliot) Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala striolata]]'' <small>Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala striolata]]'' <small>Pichon</small>; ''[[Mascarenhasia lisianthiflora]]'' <small>(Bojer) A. DC.</small>; ''[[Oncinotis tomentella]]'' <small>Radlk</small>.; ''[[Pentopetia androsaemifolia]]'' <small>Decne</small>.) * [[Tsotsorinangatra]] (''[[Senna septemtrionalis]]'' <small>(Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>; ''[[Senna occidentalis]]'' <small>(L.) Link</small>) * [[Zahana]] (''[[Leptolaena multiflora]]'' <small>Thouars</small>; ''[[Phyllarthron madagascariense]]'' <small>(Bojer) K. Schum.</small>; ''[[Xyloolaena perrieri]]'' <small>F. Gérard</small>) == Loharano == awd2uwrm3l86n1ymeuhsohkt3ixua23 1142535 1142528 2026-06-10T17:29:05Z Thelezifor 15140 1142535 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''mangidy''' dia zavapisotro fanafody nentim-paharazana malagasy vita amin' ny zavamaniry tokana na maro samihafa<ref name=":0"><small>"[https://ethnobotanyjournal.org/index.php/era/article/view/1565 “Mangidy”: Malagasy Folk Beverages Sold in Madagascar’s Market Places]", ''ethnobotanyjournal.org''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336576316_Mangidy_Malagasy_folk_beverages_sold_in_Madagascar%27s_marketplaces “Mangidy”: Malagasy folk beverages sold in Madagascar’s marketplaces"], ''www.researchgate.net''</small></ref>. Araka ny boky ara-tsiansa sy momba ny [[etnôbôtanika]] dia karazana [[tambavy]] azo avy amin' ny fandomana na fitanehana zavamaniry ampiasaina amin' ny fitsaboana izy io<ref name=":0" />. == Taharo sy fanjifana == === Taharo fanamboarana ny mangidy === Miovaova arakaraka ny mpanomana ny fomba fanamboarana ny mangidy, saingy ny fanadihadiana sy ny tatitra momba ny fitsaboana nentim-paharazana eto [[Madagasikara]] dia mampiseho akora fototra fampiasa matetika. Nahafantarana karazana zavamaniry 24 ampiasaina amin' ny fanamboarana azy ny fanadihadiana etnôbôtanika natao tamin' ny mpivarotra mangidy tao Antananarivo. Matetika ny mpivarotra dia mampiasa fangaro misy zavamaniry 2 ka hatramin' ny 5 arakaraka ny vokatra tadiavina. Ny tena ampiasaina matetika dia ireto: * ny ''[[Paramollugo nudicaulis]]'' (aferontany na felatanandradaka): ny taovana rehetra eny aminy dia manasitrana na mampihena fanaintainan' ny kibo, [[sohika]], [[kohaka]], [[tazo]], [[gaotra]], fiakaran' ny [[glisemia]], [[farasisa]], [[hemôfilia]] (ra sarotra mivaingana), aretin-kibo, [[farasisa]], tsy mamany, [[tandomitra]]; * ny ''[[Cedrelopsis grevei]]'' (katrafay): ny hodiny dia heverina fa manasitrana na manamaivana fanaintainan' ny kibo, harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, [[homamiadana]], kohaka, fahalemen' ny filahiana, gripa, gaotra, fiakaran' ny glisemia, [[vato anaty voa]], [[hatavezana]], farasisa; * ny ''[[Camphora officinarum]]'' (ravintsara): ny raviny dia manana toetra miady amin' ny [[viriosy]] sy [[bakteria]]: manasitrana fanaintainan' ny kibo, [[sohika]], fanaintainan' ny lamosina, kohaka, tazo, gaotra; * ny ''[[Selenicereus triangularis]]'' na ''[[Selenicereus triangularis|Hylocereus triangularis]]'' (fakantsilo na tsilotelorirana): ny fakany dia manasitrana ny aretin' ny [[kambontsinay]], harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, angatra, [[gaotra]], aretin' aty, fiakaran' ny glisemia, vato anaty voa, fiakaran' ny kôlesterôla, tsy fahombiazan' ny voa, fanaintainan' ny valahana, aretin' ny prôstaty, aretin-kibo, tsy mamany, tandomitra; * ny ''[[Aloe macroclada]]'' (vahona): izay manome tsiro tena mangidy an' ilay fangaro dia manasitrana ny tsy fisian' ny [[fadimbolana]] (amenorhée), harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), [[fitohanana]], kohaka, [[tazo]], [[Angatra (aretina)|angatra]], tazovony, [[tandomitra]], tsy mamany == Fanjifana sy fampiasana ary fahombiazany == === Fomba fitsinjarana sy fanjifana === Ny mangidy dia zavapisotro amidin' ny mpivarotra amoron-dalana na amin' ny trano eny amin' ny toeram-piantsonan' ny fiara fitateram-bahoaka sy eny amin' ny tsena lehibe, indrindra ao [[Antananarivo]]<ref name=":0" />. Matetika ny mpivarotra mangidy no mitondra io tambavy io amin' ny arôzôara plastika na metaly lehibe, izay matetika nsiana fanamboarana mba hitazonana tsara ny hafanana. Ny mpanjifa dia misotro mangidy iray kaopy mafana amin' izany eo no ho eo<ref name=":1"><small>"[https://www.plantes-botanique.org/genre_aphloia Genre des Aphloia]", ''www.plantes-botanique.org''</small></ref>. === Fomba fijery nentim-paharazana === Misotro mangidy ny olona mba hisorohana na hanasitranana aretina na ny fikorontanan' ny fahasalamana maro: mba hanadio ny vatana (manala poizina sy loto sady mampamany betsaka), hampihenana ny tazo sy hanamaivanana ny gripa, ary hampavitrika sy manohitra ny havizanana aorian' ny asa mafy ara-batana<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />. === Ny fomba fijery ara-pitsaboana môderina === Na dia ampahany manan-danja amin' ny kolontsaim-bahoaka malagasy momba fahasalamana aza ny mangidy, dia milaza ny fetran' ny fampiasana azy io tsy tapaka ny mpiasan' ny fahasalamam-bahoaka (Minisitry ny Fahasalamana sy ny manampahaizana amin' ny olana momba ny hanina). Nomarihin' ny dokotera malagasy sasany fa tsy misy fatrany hentitra ireo tambavy ireo. Mety hiteraka fanapoizinana amin' ny [[aty]] na ny [[Voa (taovam-biby)|voa]] ny fisotroana azy tafahoatra na isan' andro raha marihitra loatra<ref><small>"[https://2424.mg/fahasalamana-mila-fitandremana-ny-fisotroana-mangidy/ Fahasalamana: Mila fitandremana ny fisotroana mangidy]", ''2424.mg''</small></ref>. == Lisitry ny karazan-javamaniry ampiasaina == Indreto ny karazan-javamaniry ampiasaina amin' ny fanamboarana mangidy: * ''[[Aloe macroclada]]'' <small>Baker</small> -- vahona: raviny, ranony (''[[Asphodelaceae]]''): tsy fisian' ny [[fadimbolana]] (amenorhée), harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), [[fitohanana]], kohaka, [[tazo]], [[Angatra (aretina)|angatra]], tazovony, [[tandomitra]], tsy mamany * ''[[Avicennia marina]]'' <small>(Forssk.) Vierh.</small> -- afiafy: raviny (''[[Acanthaceae]]''): fiakaran' ny [[glisemia]], aretin-kibo sy aretim-bavony, [[farasisa]] * ''[[Nimo|Azadirachta indica]]'' <small>A. Juss.</small> -- nimo: ravina (''[[Meliaceae]]''): fanaintainan' ny kibo, [[sohika]], [[diabeta]], tazo, [[gaotra]], [[aretin' aty]], tsy fisian' ny fadimbolana (aménorrhée), tsy fahampian' ny prôteinina, aretin-kibo * ''[[Cedrelopsis grevei]]'' <small>Baill</small>. -- katrafay (''[[Rutaceae]]''): fanaintainan' ny kibo, harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, [[homamiadana]], [[kohaka]], fahalemen' ny filahiana, [[gripa]], gaotra, fiakaran' ny glisemia, vato anaty voa, hatavezana, farasisa * ''[[Cinnamomum camphora]]'' <small>(L.) J. Presl</small> -- ravintsara: (''[[Lauraceae]]''): fanaintainan' ny kibo, [[sohika]], fanaintainan' ny lamosina, kohaka, tazo, gaotra * ''[[Cola nitida]]'' <small>(Vent.) Schott & Endl.</small> -- kôlà: vihim-boany (''[[Malvaceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fahalemen' ny filahiana * ''[[Distephanus polygalifolius]]'' <small>(Less.) H. Rob. & B. Kahn</small> -- ninginingina: ravina (''[[Asteraceae]]''): fiakaran' ny glisemia * ''[[Embelia concinna]]'' <small>Baker</small> -- tanterakala: ravina (''[[Primulaceae]]''): fiakaran' ny glisemia * ''[[Inulanthera brownii]]'' <small>(Hochr.) Källersjö</small> -- kelimavitrika: ravina (''[[Asteraceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fiakaran' ny glisemia, aretin-kibo, [[farasisa]] * ''[[Lygodium lanceolatum]]'' <small>Desv.</small> -- karakaratoloho: ravina (''[[Lygodiaceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fiakaran' ny glisemia, aretin-kibo   * ''[[Mystroxylon aethiopicum]]'' <small>(Thunb.) Loes.</small> -- fanazava, hazomby: ravina (''[[Celastraceae]]''): tsy fisian' ny fadimbolana (amenorhée), harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, tazo, gaotra, aretin' aty, fiakaran' ny glisemia, tsy fahombiazan' ny voa, aretin-kibo, farasisa, tandomitra * ''[[Neobeguea mahafaliensis]]'' <small>J.-F. Leroy</small> -- andy, handy: hodiny (''[[Meliaceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, fahalemen' ny filahiana   * ''[[Neocussonia]]'' sp. <small>(Harms) Hutch.</small> -- marivoravina: raviny (''[[Araliaceae]]'') -- aretin-kibo * ''[[Nuxia capitata]]'' <small>Baker</small> -- valanirana: ravina (''[[Stilbaceae]]''): tsy fisian' ny [[fadimbolana]] (amenorhée), fiakaran' ny tosi-dra, fiakaran' ny kôlesterôla * ''[[Paramollugo nudicaulis]]'' <small>(Lam.) Thulin</small> -- aferontany, aferotany: manontolo (''[[Molluginaceae]]''): fanaintainan' ny kibo, sohika, kohaka, tazo, gaotra, fiakaran' ny glisemia, farasisa, hemôfilia (ra sarotra mivaingana), aretin-kibo, [[farasisa]], tsy mamany, tandomitra * ''[[Pentopetia androsaemifolia]]'' <small>Decne</small>.-- tandrokosy: tahony (''[[Apocynaceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), aretin' aty, fiakaran' ny glisemia, aretin-kibo * ''[[Phyllarthron bojeranum]]'' <small>DC.</small> -- zahana: ravina (''[[Bignoniaceae]]''): kohaka, angatra, fiakaran' ny glisemia, fanaintainan' ny [[valahana]] ([[Voa (taovam-biby)|voa]], [[hazondamosina]], [[fitatitra]]…) * ''[[Senecio canaliculatus]]'' <small>Bojer ex DC.</small> --  ramijaingy: manontolo (''[[Asteraceae]]''): fiakaran' ny glisemia * ''[[Senna occidentalis]]'' <small>(L.) Link</small> -- tsotsorinangatra: ravina (''[[Fabaceae]]''): angatra * ''[[Selenicereus triangularis]]'' <small>(L.) D.R.Hunt</small>. (na ''[[Selenicereus triangularis|Cereus triangularis]]'' <small>(L.) Haw.</small>) -- fakantsilo, fakatsilo, tsilotelorirana: fakany (''[[Cactaceae]]''): aretin' ny [[kambontsinay]], harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, angatra, [[gaotra]], aretin' aty, fiakaran' ny glisemia, vato anaty voa, fiakaran' ny kôlesterôla, tsy fahombiazan' ny voa, fanaintainan' ny valahana, aretin' ny prôstaty, aretin-kibo, tsy mamany, tandomitra * ''[[Symphytum orientale]]'' <small>L.</small>  -- kaonsoda: ravina (''[[Boraginaceae]]''): aretin-kibo * ''[[Vanilla madagascariensis]]'' <small>Rolfe</small> -- vahinamalo: taho (''[[Orchidaceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), kohaka, fahalemen' ny filahiana, [[rohana]], fanaintainan' ny lamosina, areti-nify * ''[[Woodfordia fruticosa]]'' <small>(L.) Kurz</small> -- lambohenjana: fakany (''[[Lythraceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, kohaka, fahalemen' ny filahiana, rohana, fanaintainan' ny lamosina, hanaintainan' ny valahana, rohana, areti-nify * ''[[Zea mays]]'' <small>L.</small> -- katsaka: volony (''[[Poaceae]]''): [[Angatra (aretina)|angatra]] == Aretina voakasika == Indreto ny aretina sy ny fahasahiranana ara-pahasalamana sasany voakasiky ny fitsaboana amin' ny alalan' ny mangidy: [[Angatra (aretina)|angatra]], [[aretin' aty]], [[aretin' ny kambontsinay]], [[aretin' ny prôstaty]], [[areti-nify]], [[aretin-kibo]], [[diabeta]], fahalemen' ny filahiana, fanaintainan' ny kibo, fanaintainan' ny lamosina, [[fanaintainan' ny valahana]] ([[Voa (taovam-biby)|voa]], [[hazondamosina]], [[fitatitra]]…), [[farasisa]], [[fiakaran' ny glisemia]], [[fiakaran' ny kôlesterôla]], [[fiakaran' ny tosi-dra]], [[fitohanana]], [[gaotra]], [[gripa]], harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), [[hatavezana]], [[hemôfilia]] ([[ra]] sarotra mivaingana), [[homamiadana]], [[kohaka]], [[rohana]], [[sohika]], [[tandomitra]], [[tazo]], [[tazovony]], [[tsy fahampian' ny prôteinina]], [[tsy fahombiazan' ny voa]], tsy fisian' ny [[fadimbolana]] (amenorhée), tsy mamany, [[vato anaty voa]]. == Jereo koa == * [[Tambavy]] * Mangidy (''[[Physena madagascariensis]]'' <small>Thouars ex Tul.</small>) Anarana manondro zavamaniry samihafa: * [[Aferontany]] (''[[Paramollugo nudicaulis]]'' <small>(Lam.) Thulin</small>;''[[Tachiadenus carinatus]]'' <small>(Desr.) Griseb.</small>) * [[Afiafy]] (''[[Avicennia marina]]'' <small>(Forsk.) Vierh.</small>; ''[[Celtis gomphophylla]]'' Baker) * [[Hazomalany]] (''[[Macarisia capuronii]]'' <small>Arènes</small>; ''[[Macarisia lanceolata]]'' <small>Baill</small>.; ''[[Macarisia nossibeensis]]'' <small>Arènes</small>; ''[[Molinaea retusa]]'' <small>Radlk</small>.; ''[[Macarisia pyramidata]]'' <small>Thouars</small>.; ''[[Payeria excelsa]]'' <small>Baill</small>.; [[Pittosporum verticillatum|''Pittosporum verticillatum'' subsp. ''pangalanense'']] <small>(Cufod.) Cufod.</small>; ''[[Crateva excelsa]]'' <small>Bojer</small>) * Kelimavitrika (''Athanasia brownii'' <small>Hochr</small>.) * [[Mandravasarotra]] (''[[Calliandra alternans]]'' <small>Benth.</small>; ''[[Cinnamosma fragrans]]'' <small>Baill.</small>; ''[[Cinnamosma macrocarpa]]'' <small>H.Perrier</small>; ''[[Croton hovarum]]'' <small>Leandri</small>; ''[[Desmodium ramosissimum]]'' <small>G. Don</small>) * Ninginingina (''[[Vernonia glutinosa]]'' <small>DC.</small>) * [[Ravintsara]] (''[[Camphora officinarum]]'' <small>(L.) J. Presl</small>; ''[[Cinnamomum verum]]'' <small>J.Presl</small>; ''[[Cryptocarya agathophylla]]'' <small>van der Werff</small>; ''[[Cryptocarya litoralis]]'' <small>van der Werff</small>; ''[[Vepris unifoliolata]]'' <small>(Baill.) Labat, M. Pignal & O. Pascal</small>) * [[Tandrokosy]] (''[[Alafia fuscata]]'' <small>Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala cryptophlebia]]'' <small>(Baker) Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala cryptophlebia]]'' <small>(Baker) Pichon</small>;''[[Cabucala multiflora]]'' <small>Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala plectaneiifolia]]'' <small>Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala polysperma]]'' <small>(Scott-Elliot) Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala striolata]]'' <small>Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala striolata]]'' <small>Pichon</small>; ''[[Mascarenhasia lisianthiflora]]'' <small>(Bojer) A. DC.</small>; ''[[Oncinotis tomentella]]'' <small>Radlk</small>.; ''[[Pentopetia androsaemifolia]]'' <small>Decne</small>.) * [[Tsotsorinangatra]] (''[[Senna septemtrionalis]]'' <small>(Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>; ''[[Senna occidentalis]]'' <small>(L.) Link</small>) * [[Zahana]] (''[[Leptolaena multiflora]]'' <small>Thouars</small>; ''[[Phyllarthron madagascariense]]'' <small>(Bojer) K. Schum.</small>; ''[[Xyloolaena perrieri]]'' <small>F. Gérard</small>) == Loharano == chohkrccmle61s2iu8lct3wo1gbir5y 1142591 1142535 2026-06-11T07:40:14Z Thelezifor 15140 Nanitatra ny teny fampidirana 1142591 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''mangidy''' dia zavapisotro fanafody nentim-paharazana malagasy ([[tambavy]]) vita amin' ny fandomana na fitanehana karazana zavamaniry roa na mihoatra<ref name=":0"><small>"[https://ethnobotanyjournal.org/index.php/era/article/view/1565 “Mangidy”: Malagasy Folk Beverages Sold in Madagascar’s Market Places]", ''ethnobotanyjournal.org''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336576316_Mangidy_Malagasy_folk_beverages_sold_in_Madagascar%27s_marketplaces “Mangidy”: Malagasy folk beverages sold in Madagascar’s marketplaces"], ''www.researchgate.net''</small></ref>. Miely patrana eto [[Madagasikara]], indrindra eny amin' ny tsena sy ny araben' ny tanàn-dehibe toa an' Antananarivo ity tambavy ity, ka amin' ny ankapobeny dia ny mpivarotra amoron-dalana no mikarakara azy amin' ny fampifangaroana karazana zavamaniry roa ka hatramin' ny dimy avy amin' ny karazana mihoatra ny roapolo. Miovaova arakaraka ny mpanamboatra ny fomba fanomanana ary mety hahitana zavamaniry toy ny [[Cedrelopsis grevei|katrafay]] (''Cedrelopsis grevei'') sy ny [[Camphora officinarum|ravintsara]] (''[[Camphora officinarum]]'') ary karazana [[Aloe|vahona]] (''Aloe''). Amin' ny fitsaboana nentim-paharazana, ny mangidy dia ampiasaina mba hisorohana sy hitsaboana aretina maro. Ny mpisotro azy io dia milaza fa afaka manadio poizina, mampavitrika, miady amin' ny [[tazo]], mampiala [[rehoka]], mampitony ny [[piriritra]], ary itsaboana ny [[diabeta]] izy io ankoatry ny hafa. Malaza ihany koa izy io mba hanamaivanana ny fanaintainan' ny kibo, ny havizanana, ny aretina amin' ny [[amany]], ny an' ny [[fitaovam-pananahana]], ary koa ny [[fiakaran' ny glisemia]]. Na izany aza, na eo ny lanjany ara-kolontsaina sy ny fankasitrahan' ny maro ity tambavy ity, dia voafetra ihany ny fahalalana siantifika momba ny fahombiazany sy ny lafy ratsiny. Ny tsy fahampian' ny fampanaraham-penitra ny fanamboarana sy ny fatrany dia manhasarotra ny fanombanana ny tena vokany. Fanampin' izany, ny manam-pahaizana momba ny fahasalamana dia manantitrantitra fa ny fisotroana tafahoatra azy dia mety hampidi-doza, indrindra ho an' ny [[aty]] sy ny [[Voa (taovam-biby)|voa]], noho ny mety hisian' ny fanapoizinana izay mbola tsy voahadihady tsara. == Taharo sy fanjifana == === Taharo fanamboarana ny mangidy === Miovaova arakaraka ny mpanomana ny fomba fanamboarana ny mangidy, saingy ny fanadihadiana sy ny tatitra momba ny fitsaboana nentim-paharazana eto [[Madagasikara]] dia mampiseho akora fototra fampiasa matetika. Nahafantarana karazana zavamaniry 24 ampiasaina amin' ny fanamboarana azy ny fanadihadiana etnôbôtanika natao tamin' ny mpivarotra mangidy tao Antananarivo. Matetika ny mpivarotra dia mampiasa fangaro misy zavamaniry 2 ka hatramin' ny 5 arakaraka ny vokatra tadiavina. Ny tena ampiasaina matetika dia ireto: * ny ''[[Paramollugo nudicaulis]]'' (aferontany na felatanandradaka): ny taovana rehetra eny aminy dia manasitrana na mampihena fanaintainan' ny kibo, [[sohika]], [[kohaka]], [[tazo]], [[gaotra]], fiakaran' ny [[glisemia]], [[farasisa]], [[hemôfilia]] (ra sarotra mivaingana), aretin-kibo, [[farasisa]], tsy mamany, [[tandomitra]]; * ny ''[[Cedrelopsis grevei]]'' (katrafay): ny hodiny dia heverina fa manasitrana na manamaivana fanaintainan' ny kibo, harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, [[homamiadana]], kohaka, fahalemen' ny filahiana, gripa, gaotra, fiakaran' ny glisemia, [[vato anaty voa]], [[hatavezana]], farasisa; * ny ''[[Camphora officinarum]]'' (ravintsara): ny raviny dia manana toetra miady amin' ny [[viriosy]] sy [[bakteria]]: manasitrana fanaintainan' ny kibo, [[sohika]], fanaintainan' ny lamosina, kohaka, tazo, gaotra; * ny ''[[Selenicereus triangularis]]'' na ''[[Selenicereus triangularis|Hylocereus triangularis]]'' (fakantsilo na tsilotelorirana): ny fakany dia manasitrana ny aretin' ny [[kambontsinay]], harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, angatra, [[gaotra]], aretin' aty, fiakaran' ny glisemia, vato anaty voa, fiakaran' ny kôlesterôla, tsy fahombiazan' ny voa, fanaintainan' ny valahana, aretin' ny prôstaty, aretin-kibo, tsy mamany, tandomitra; * ny ''[[Aloe macroclada]]'' (vahona): izay manome tsiro tena mangidy an' ilay fangaro dia manasitrana ny tsy fisian' ny [[fadimbolana]] (amenorhée), harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), [[fitohanana]], kohaka, [[tazo]], [[Angatra (aretina)|angatra]], tazovony, [[tandomitra]], tsy mamany == Fanjifana sy fampiasana ary fahombiazany == === Fomba fitsinjarana sy fanjifana === Ny mangidy dia zavapisotro amidin' ny mpivarotra amoron-dalana na amin' ny trano eny amin' ny toeram-piantsonan' ny fiara fitateram-bahoaka sy eny amin' ny tsena lehibe, indrindra ao [[Antananarivo]]<ref name=":0" />. Matetika ny mpivarotra mangidy no mitondra io tambavy io amin' ny arôzôara plastika na metaly lehibe, izay matetika nsiana fanamboarana mba hitazonana tsara ny hafanana. Ny mpanjifa dia misotro mangidy iray kaopy mafana amin' izany eo no ho eo<ref name=":1"><small>"[https://www.plantes-botanique.org/genre_aphloia Genre des Aphloia]", ''www.plantes-botanique.org''</small></ref>. === Fomba fijery nentim-paharazana === Misotro mangidy ny olona mba hisorohana na hanasitranana aretina na ny fikorontanan' ny fahasalamana maro: mba hanadio ny vatana (manala poizina sy loto sady mampamany betsaka), hampihenana ny tazo sy hanamaivanana ny gripa, ary hampavitrika sy manohitra ny havizanana aorian' ny asa mafy ara-batana<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />. === Ny fomba fijery ara-pitsaboana môderina === Na dia ampahany manan-danja amin' ny kolontsaim-bahoaka malagasy momba fahasalamana aza ny mangidy, dia milaza ny fetran' ny fampiasana azy io tsy tapaka ny mpiasan' ny fahasalamam-bahoaka (Minisitry ny Fahasalamana sy ny manampahaizana amin' ny olana momba ny hanina). Nomarihin' ny dokotera malagasy sasany fa tsy misy fatrany hentitra ireo tambavy ireo. Mety hiteraka fanapoizinana amin' ny [[aty]] na ny [[Voa (taovam-biby)|voa]] ny fisotroana azy tafahoatra na isan' andro raha marihitra loatra<ref><small>"[https://2424.mg/fahasalamana-mila-fitandremana-ny-fisotroana-mangidy/ Fahasalamana: Mila fitandremana ny fisotroana mangidy]", ''2424.mg''</small></ref>. == Lisitry ny karazan-javamaniry ampiasaina == Indreto ny karazan-javamaniry ampiasaina amin' ny fanamboarana mangidy: * ''[[Aloe macroclada]]'' <small>Baker</small> -- vahona: raviny, ranony (''[[Asphodelaceae]]''): tsy fisian' ny [[fadimbolana]] (amenorhée), harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), [[fitohanana]], kohaka, [[tazo]], [[Angatra (aretina)|angatra]], tazovony, [[tandomitra]], tsy mamany * ''[[Avicennia marina]]'' <small>(Forssk.) Vierh.</small> -- afiafy: raviny (''[[Acanthaceae]]''): fiakaran' ny [[glisemia]], aretin-kibo sy aretim-bavony, [[farasisa]] * ''[[Nimo|Azadirachta indica]]'' <small>A. Juss.</small> -- nimo: ravina (''[[Meliaceae]]''): fanaintainan' ny kibo, [[sohika]], [[diabeta]], tazo, [[gaotra]], [[aretin' aty]], tsy fisian' ny fadimbolana (aménorrhée), tsy fahampian' ny prôteinina, aretin-kibo * ''[[Cedrelopsis grevei]]'' <small>Baill</small>. -- katrafay (''[[Rutaceae]]''): fanaintainan' ny kibo, harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, [[homamiadana]], [[kohaka]], fahalemen' ny filahiana, [[gripa]], gaotra, fiakaran' ny glisemia, vato anaty voa, hatavezana, farasisa * ''[[Cinnamomum camphora]]'' <small>(L.) J. Presl</small> -- ravintsara: (''[[Lauraceae]]''): fanaintainan' ny kibo, [[sohika]], fanaintainan' ny lamosina, kohaka, tazo, gaotra * ''[[Cola nitida]]'' <small>(Vent.) Schott & Endl.</small> -- kôlà: vihim-boany (''[[Malvaceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fahalemen' ny filahiana * ''[[Distephanus polygalifolius]]'' <small>(Less.) H. Rob. & B. Kahn</small> -- ninginingina: ravina (''[[Asteraceae]]''): fiakaran' ny glisemia * ''[[Embelia concinna]]'' <small>Baker</small> -- tanterakala: ravina (''[[Primulaceae]]''): fiakaran' ny glisemia * ''[[Inulanthera brownii]]'' <small>(Hochr.) Källersjö</small> -- kelimavitrika: ravina (''[[Asteraceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fiakaran' ny glisemia, aretin-kibo, [[farasisa]] * ''[[Lygodium lanceolatum]]'' <small>Desv.</small> -- karakaratoloho: ravina (''[[Lygodiaceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fiakaran' ny glisemia, aretin-kibo   * ''[[Mystroxylon aethiopicum]]'' <small>(Thunb.) Loes.</small> -- fanazava, hazomby: ravina (''[[Celastraceae]]''): tsy fisian' ny fadimbolana (amenorhée), harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, tazo, gaotra, aretin' aty, fiakaran' ny glisemia, tsy fahombiazan' ny voa, aretin-kibo, farasisa, tandomitra * ''[[Neobeguea mahafaliensis]]'' <small>J.-F. Leroy</small> -- andy, handy: hodiny (''[[Meliaceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, fahalemen' ny filahiana   * ''[[Neocussonia]]'' sp. <small>(Harms) Hutch.</small> -- marivoravina: raviny (''[[Araliaceae]]'') -- aretin-kibo * ''[[Nuxia capitata]]'' <small>Baker</small> -- valanirana: ravina (''[[Stilbaceae]]''): tsy fisian' ny [[fadimbolana]] (amenorhée), fiakaran' ny tosi-dra, fiakaran' ny kôlesterôla * ''[[Paramollugo nudicaulis]]'' <small>(Lam.) Thulin</small> -- aferontany, aferotany: manontolo (''[[Molluginaceae]]''): fanaintainan' ny kibo, sohika, kohaka, tazo, gaotra, fiakaran' ny glisemia, farasisa, hemôfilia (ra sarotra mivaingana), aretin-kibo, [[farasisa]], tsy mamany, tandomitra * ''[[Pentopetia androsaemifolia]]'' <small>Decne</small>.-- tandrokosy: tahony (''[[Apocynaceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), aretin' aty, fiakaran' ny glisemia, aretin-kibo * ''[[Phyllarthron bojeranum]]'' <small>DC.</small> -- zahana: ravina (''[[Bignoniaceae]]''): kohaka, angatra, fiakaran' ny glisemia, fanaintainan' ny [[valahana]] ([[Voa (taovam-biby)|voa]], [[hazondamosina]], [[fitatitra]]…) * ''[[Senecio canaliculatus]]'' <small>Bojer ex DC.</small> --  ramijaingy: manontolo (''[[Asteraceae]]''): fiakaran' ny glisemia * ''[[Senna occidentalis]]'' <small>(L.) Link</small> -- tsotsorinangatra: ravina (''[[Fabaceae]]''): angatra * ''[[Selenicereus triangularis]]'' <small>(L.) D.R.Hunt</small>. (na ''[[Selenicereus triangularis|Cereus triangularis]]'' <small>(L.) Haw.</small>) -- fakantsilo, fakatsilo, tsilotelorirana: fakany (''[[Cactaceae]]''): aretin' ny [[kambontsinay]], harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, angatra, [[gaotra]], aretin' aty, fiakaran' ny glisemia, vato anaty voa, fiakaran' ny kôlesterôla, tsy fahombiazan' ny voa, fanaintainan' ny valahana, aretin' ny prôstaty, aretin-kibo, tsy mamany, tandomitra * ''[[Symphytum orientale]]'' <small>L.</small>  -- kaonsoda: ravina (''[[Boraginaceae]]''): aretin-kibo * ''[[Vanilla madagascariensis]]'' <small>Rolfe</small> -- vahinamalo: taho (''[[Orchidaceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), kohaka, fahalemen' ny filahiana, [[rohana]], fanaintainan' ny lamosina, areti-nify * ''[[Woodfordia fruticosa]]'' <small>(L.) Kurz</small> -- lambohenjana: fakany (''[[Lythraceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, kohaka, fahalemen' ny filahiana, rohana, fanaintainan' ny lamosina, hanaintainan' ny valahana, rohana, areti-nify * ''[[Zea mays]]'' <small>L.</small> -- katsaka: volony (''[[Poaceae]]''): [[Angatra (aretina)|angatra]] == Aretina voakasika == Indreto ny aretina sy ny fahasahiranana ara-pahasalamana sasany voakasiky ny fitsaboana amin' ny alalan' ny mangidy: [[Angatra (aretina)|angatra]], [[aretin' aty]], [[aretin' ny kambontsinay]], [[aretin' ny prôstaty]], [[areti-nify]], [[aretin-kibo]], [[diabeta]], fahalemen' ny filahiana, fanaintainan' ny kibo, fanaintainan' ny lamosina, [[fanaintainan' ny valahana]] ([[Voa (taovam-biby)|voa]], [[hazondamosina]], [[fitatitra]]…), [[farasisa]], [[fiakaran' ny glisemia]], [[fiakaran' ny kôlesterôla]], [[fiakaran' ny tosi-dra]], [[fitohanana]], [[gaotra]], [[gripa]], harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), [[hatavezana]], [[hemôfilia]] ([[ra]] sarotra mivaingana), [[homamiadana]], [[kohaka]], [[rohana]], [[sohika]], [[tandomitra]], [[tazo]], [[tazovony]], [[tsy fahampian' ny prôteinina]], [[tsy fahombiazan' ny voa]], tsy fisian' ny [[fadimbolana]] (amenorhée), tsy mamany, [[vato anaty voa]]. == Jereo koa == * [[Tambavy]] * Mangidy (''[[Physena madagascariensis]]'' <small>Thouars ex Tul.</small>) Anarana manondro zavamaniry samihafa: * [[Aferontany]] (''[[Paramollugo nudicaulis]]'' <small>(Lam.) Thulin</small>;''[[Tachiadenus carinatus]]'' <small>(Desr.) Griseb.</small>) * [[Afiafy]] (''[[Avicennia marina]]'' <small>(Forsk.) Vierh.</small>; ''[[Celtis gomphophylla]]'' Baker) * [[Hazomalany]] (''[[Macarisia capuronii]]'' <small>Arènes</small>; ''[[Macarisia lanceolata]]'' <small>Baill</small>.; ''[[Macarisia nossibeensis]]'' <small>Arènes</small>; ''[[Molinaea retusa]]'' <small>Radlk</small>.; ''[[Macarisia pyramidata]]'' <small>Thouars</small>.; ''[[Payeria excelsa]]'' <small>Baill</small>.; [[Pittosporum verticillatum|''Pittosporum verticillatum'' subsp. ''pangalanense'']] <small>(Cufod.) Cufod.</small>; ''[[Crateva excelsa]]'' <small>Bojer</small>) * Kelimavitrika (''Athanasia brownii'' <small>Hochr</small>.) * [[Mandravasarotra]] (''[[Calliandra alternans]]'' <small>Benth.</small>; ''[[Cinnamosma fragrans]]'' <small>Baill.</small>; ''[[Cinnamosma macrocarpa]]'' <small>H.Perrier</small>; ''[[Croton hovarum]]'' <small>Leandri</small>; ''[[Desmodium ramosissimum]]'' <small>G. Don</small>) * Ninginingina (''[[Vernonia glutinosa]]'' <small>DC.</small>) * [[Ravintsara]] (''[[Camphora officinarum]]'' <small>(L.) J. Presl</small>; ''[[Cinnamomum verum]]'' <small>J.Presl</small>; ''[[Cryptocarya agathophylla]]'' <small>van der Werff</small>; ''[[Cryptocarya litoralis]]'' <small>van der Werff</small>; ''[[Vepris unifoliolata]]'' <small>(Baill.) Labat, M. Pignal & O. Pascal</small>) * [[Tandrokosy]] (''[[Alafia fuscata]]'' <small>Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala cryptophlebia]]'' <small>(Baker) Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala cryptophlebia]]'' <small>(Baker) Pichon</small>;''[[Cabucala multiflora]]'' <small>Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala plectaneiifolia]]'' <small>Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala polysperma]]'' <small>(Scott-Elliot) Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala striolata]]'' <small>Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala striolata]]'' <small>Pichon</small>; ''[[Mascarenhasia lisianthiflora]]'' <small>(Bojer) A. DC.</small>; ''[[Oncinotis tomentella]]'' <small>Radlk</small>.; ''[[Pentopetia androsaemifolia]]'' <small>Decne</small>.) * [[Tsotsorinangatra]] (''[[Senna septemtrionalis]]'' <small>(Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>; ''[[Senna occidentalis]]'' <small>(L.) Link</small>) * [[Zahana]] (''[[Leptolaena multiflora]]'' <small>Thouars</small>; ''[[Phyllarthron madagascariense]]'' <small>(Bojer) K. Schum.</small>; ''[[Xyloolaena perrieri]]'' <small>F. Gérard</small>) == Loharano == 9zf4i2o6xbndlxhnu1esqhw5g9dtp4f 1142593 1142591 2026-06-11T08:07:21Z Thelezifor 15140 Nanatsara rafi-pehezanteny 1142593 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''mangidy''' dia zavapisotro fanafody nentim-paharazana malagasy ([[tambavy]]) vita amin' ny fandomana na fitanehana karazana zavamaniry roa na mihoatra<ref name=":0"><small>"[https://ethnobotanyjournal.org/index.php/era/article/view/1565 “Mangidy”: Malagasy Folk Beverages Sold in Madagascar’s Market Places]", ''ethnobotanyjournal.org''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336576316_Mangidy_Malagasy_folk_beverages_sold_in_Madagascar%27s_marketplaces “Mangidy”: Malagasy folk beverages sold in Madagascar’s marketplaces"], ''www.researchgate.net''</small></ref>. Miely patrana eto [[Madagasikara]], indrindra eny amin' ny tsena sy ny araben' ny tanàn-dehibe toa an' Antananarivo ity tambavy ity, ka amin' ny ankapobeny dia ny mpivarotra amoron-dalana no mikarakara azy amin' ny fampifangaroana karazana zavamaniry roa ka hatramin' ny dimy avy amin' ny karazana mihoatra ny roapolo. Miovaova arakaraka ny mpanamboatra ny fomba fanomanana ary mety hahitana zavamaniry toy ny [[Cedrelopsis grevei|katrafay]] (''Cedrelopsis grevei'') sy ny [[Camphora officinarum|ravintsara]] (''[[Camphora officinarum]]'') ary karazana [[Aloe|vahona]] (''Aloe''). Amin' ny fitsaboana nentim-paharazana dia ampiasaina mba hisorohana sy hitsaboana aretina maro ny mangidy. Milaza ny mpivarotra sy ny mpisotro azy io fa afaka manadio poizina, mampavitrika, miady amin' ny [[tazo]], mampiala [[rehoka]], mampitony ny [[piriritra]], ary itsaboana ny [[diabeta]] ity tambavy ity, ankoatry ny hafa. Malaza ihany koa izy io fa manamaivanana ny fanaintainan' ny kibo, ny havizanana, ny aretina amin' ny [[amany]], ny an' ny [[fitaovam-pananahana]], ary koa ny [[fiakaran' ny glisemia]]. Na izany aza, na eo ny lanjany ara-kolontsaina sy ny fankasitrahan' ny maro ity tambavy ity, dia voafetra ihany ny fahalalana siantifika momba ny fahombiazany sy ny lafy ratsiny. Mahasarotra ny fanombanana ny tena vokany ny tsy fahampian' ny fampanaraham-penitra ny fanamboarana sy ny fatrany. Fanampin' izany dia manantitrantitra ny manam-pahaizana momba ny fahasalamana fa mety hampidi-doza ny fisotroana tafahoatra azy, indrindra ho an' ny [[aty]] sy ny [[Voa (taovam-biby)|voa]], noho ny mety hisian' ny fanapoizinana izay mbola tsy voahadihady tsara. == Taharo sy fanjifana == === Taharo fanamboarana ny mangidy === Miovaova arakaraka ny mpanomana ny fomba fanamboarana ny mangidy, saingy ny fanadihadiana sy ny tatitra momba ny fitsaboana nentim-paharazana eto [[Madagasikara]] dia mampiseho akora fototra fampiasa matetika. Nahafantarana karazana zavamaniry 24 ampiasaina amin' ny fanamboarana azy ny fanadihadiana etnôbôtanika natao tamin' ny mpivarotra mangidy tao Antananarivo. Matetika ny mpivarotra dia mampiasa fangaro misy zavamaniry 2 ka hatramin' ny 5 arakaraka ny vokatra tadiavina. Ny tena ampiasaina matetika dia ireto: * ny ''[[Paramollugo nudicaulis]]'' (aferontany na felatanandradaka): ny taovana rehetra eny aminy dia manasitrana na mampihena fanaintainan' ny kibo, [[sohika]], [[kohaka]], [[tazo]], [[gaotra]], fiakaran' ny [[glisemia]], [[farasisa]], [[hemôfilia]] (ra sarotra mivaingana), aretin-kibo, [[farasisa]], tsy mamany, [[tandomitra]]; * ny ''[[Cedrelopsis grevei]]'' (katrafay): ny hodiny dia heverina fa manasitrana na manamaivana fanaintainan' ny kibo, harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, [[homamiadana]], kohaka, fahalemen' ny filahiana, gripa, gaotra, fiakaran' ny glisemia, [[vato anaty voa]], [[hatavezana]], farasisa; * ny ''[[Camphora officinarum]]'' (ravintsara): ny raviny dia manana toetra miady amin' ny [[viriosy]] sy [[bakteria]]: manasitrana fanaintainan' ny kibo, [[sohika]], fanaintainan' ny lamosina, kohaka, tazo, gaotra; * ny ''[[Selenicereus triangularis]]'' na ''[[Selenicereus triangularis|Hylocereus triangularis]]'' (fakantsilo na tsilotelorirana): ny fakany dia manasitrana ny aretin' ny [[kambontsinay]], harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, angatra, [[gaotra]], aretin' aty, fiakaran' ny glisemia, vato anaty voa, fiakaran' ny kôlesterôla, tsy fahombiazan' ny voa, fanaintainan' ny valahana, aretin' ny prôstaty, aretin-kibo, tsy mamany, tandomitra; * ny ''[[Aloe macroclada]]'' (vahona): izay manome tsiro tena mangidy an' ilay fangaro dia manasitrana ny tsy fisian' ny [[fadimbolana]] (amenorhée), harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), [[fitohanana]], kohaka, [[tazo]], [[Angatra (aretina)|angatra]], tazovony, [[tandomitra]], tsy mamany == Fanjifana sy fampiasana ary fahombiazany == === Fomba fitsinjarana sy fanjifana === Ny mangidy dia zavapisotro amidin' ny mpivarotra amoron-dalana na amin' ny trano eny amin' ny toeram-piantsonan' ny fiara fitateram-bahoaka sy eny amin' ny tsena lehibe, indrindra ao [[Antananarivo]]<ref name=":0" />. Matetika ny mpivarotra mangidy no mitondra io tambavy io amin' ny arôzôara plastika na metaly lehibe, izay matetika nsiana fanamboarana mba hitazonana tsara ny hafanana. Ny mpanjifa dia misotro mangidy iray kaopy mafana amin' izany eo no ho eo<ref name=":1"><small>"[https://www.plantes-botanique.org/genre_aphloia Genre des Aphloia]", ''www.plantes-botanique.org''</small></ref>. === Fomba fijery nentim-paharazana === Misotro mangidy ny olona mba hisorohana na hanasitranana aretina na ny fikorontanan' ny fahasalamana maro: mba hanadio ny vatana (manala poizina sy loto sady mampamany betsaka), hampihenana ny tazo sy hanamaivanana ny gripa, ary hampavitrika sy manohitra ny havizanana aorian' ny asa mafy ara-batana<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />. === Ny fomba fijery ara-pitsaboana môderina === Na dia ampahany manan-danja amin' ny kolontsaim-bahoaka malagasy momba fahasalamana aza ny mangidy, dia milaza ny fetran' ny fampiasana azy io tsy tapaka ny mpiasan' ny fahasalamam-bahoaka (Minisitry ny Fahasalamana sy ny manampahaizana amin' ny olana momba ny hanina). Nomarihin' ny dokotera malagasy sasany fa tsy misy fatrany hentitra ireo tambavy ireo. Mety hiteraka fanapoizinana amin' ny [[aty]] na ny [[Voa (taovam-biby)|voa]] ny fisotroana azy tafahoatra na isan' andro raha marihitra loatra<ref><small>"[https://2424.mg/fahasalamana-mila-fitandremana-ny-fisotroana-mangidy/ Fahasalamana: Mila fitandremana ny fisotroana mangidy]", ''2424.mg''</small></ref>. == Lisitry ny karazan-javamaniry ampiasaina == Indreto ny karazan-javamaniry ampiasaina amin' ny fanamboarana mangidy: * ''[[Aloe macroclada]]'' <small>Baker</small> -- vahona: raviny, ranony (''[[Asphodelaceae]]''): tsy fisian' ny [[fadimbolana]] (amenorhée), harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), [[fitohanana]], kohaka, [[tazo]], [[Angatra (aretina)|angatra]], tazovony, [[tandomitra]], tsy mamany * ''[[Avicennia marina]]'' <small>(Forssk.) Vierh.</small> -- afiafy: raviny (''[[Acanthaceae]]''): fiakaran' ny [[glisemia]], aretin-kibo sy aretim-bavony, [[farasisa]] * ''[[Nimo|Azadirachta indica]]'' <small>A. Juss.</small> -- nimo: ravina (''[[Meliaceae]]''): fanaintainan' ny kibo, [[sohika]], [[diabeta]], tazo, [[gaotra]], [[aretin' aty]], tsy fisian' ny fadimbolana (aménorrhée), tsy fahampian' ny prôteinina, aretin-kibo * ''[[Cedrelopsis grevei]]'' <small>Baill</small>. -- katrafay (''[[Rutaceae]]''): fanaintainan' ny kibo, harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, [[homamiadana]], [[kohaka]], fahalemen' ny filahiana, [[gripa]], gaotra, fiakaran' ny glisemia, vato anaty voa, hatavezana, farasisa * ''[[Cinnamomum camphora]]'' <small>(L.) J. Presl</small> -- ravintsara: (''[[Lauraceae]]''): fanaintainan' ny kibo, [[sohika]], fanaintainan' ny lamosina, kohaka, tazo, gaotra * ''[[Cola nitida]]'' <small>(Vent.) Schott & Endl.</small> -- kôlà: vihim-boany (''[[Malvaceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fahalemen' ny filahiana * ''[[Distephanus polygalifolius]]'' <small>(Less.) H. Rob. & B. Kahn</small> -- ninginingina: ravina (''[[Asteraceae]]''): fiakaran' ny glisemia * ''[[Embelia concinna]]'' <small>Baker</small> -- tanterakala: ravina (''[[Primulaceae]]''): fiakaran' ny glisemia * ''[[Inulanthera brownii]]'' <small>(Hochr.) Källersjö</small> -- kelimavitrika: ravina (''[[Asteraceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fiakaran' ny glisemia, aretin-kibo, [[farasisa]] * ''[[Lygodium lanceolatum]]'' <small>Desv.</small> -- karakaratoloho: ravina (''[[Lygodiaceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fiakaran' ny glisemia, aretin-kibo   * ''[[Mystroxylon aethiopicum]]'' <small>(Thunb.) Loes.</small> -- fanazava, hazomby: ravina (''[[Celastraceae]]''): tsy fisian' ny fadimbolana (amenorhée), harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, tazo, gaotra, aretin' aty, fiakaran' ny glisemia, tsy fahombiazan' ny voa, aretin-kibo, farasisa, tandomitra * ''[[Neobeguea mahafaliensis]]'' <small>J.-F. Leroy</small> -- andy, handy: hodiny (''[[Meliaceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, fahalemen' ny filahiana   * ''[[Neocussonia]]'' sp. <small>(Harms) Hutch.</small> -- marivoravina: raviny (''[[Araliaceae]]'') -- aretin-kibo * ''[[Nuxia capitata]]'' <small>Baker</small> -- valanirana: ravina (''[[Stilbaceae]]''): tsy fisian' ny [[fadimbolana]] (amenorhée), fiakaran' ny tosi-dra, fiakaran' ny kôlesterôla * ''[[Paramollugo nudicaulis]]'' <small>(Lam.) Thulin</small> -- aferontany, aferotany: manontolo (''[[Molluginaceae]]''): fanaintainan' ny kibo, sohika, kohaka, tazo, gaotra, fiakaran' ny glisemia, farasisa, hemôfilia (ra sarotra mivaingana), aretin-kibo, [[farasisa]], tsy mamany, tandomitra * ''[[Pentopetia androsaemifolia]]'' <small>Decne</small>.-- tandrokosy: tahony (''[[Apocynaceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), aretin' aty, fiakaran' ny glisemia, aretin-kibo * ''[[Phyllarthron bojeranum]]'' <small>DC.</small> -- zahana: ravina (''[[Bignoniaceae]]''): kohaka, angatra, fiakaran' ny glisemia, fanaintainan' ny [[valahana]] ([[Voa (taovam-biby)|voa]], [[hazondamosina]], [[fitatitra]]…) * ''[[Senecio canaliculatus]]'' <small>Bojer ex DC.</small> --  ramijaingy: manontolo (''[[Asteraceae]]''): fiakaran' ny glisemia * ''[[Senna occidentalis]]'' <small>(L.) Link</small> -- tsotsorinangatra: ravina (''[[Fabaceae]]''): angatra * ''[[Selenicereus triangularis]]'' <small>(L.) D.R.Hunt</small>. (na ''[[Selenicereus triangularis|Cereus triangularis]]'' <small>(L.) Haw.</small>) -- fakantsilo, fakatsilo, tsilotelorirana: fakany (''[[Cactaceae]]''): aretin' ny [[kambontsinay]], harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, angatra, [[gaotra]], aretin' aty, fiakaran' ny glisemia, vato anaty voa, fiakaran' ny kôlesterôla, tsy fahombiazan' ny voa, fanaintainan' ny valahana, aretin' ny prôstaty, aretin-kibo, tsy mamany, tandomitra * ''[[Symphytum orientale]]'' <small>L.</small>  -- kaonsoda: ravina (''[[Boraginaceae]]''): aretin-kibo * ''[[Vanilla madagascariensis]]'' <small>Rolfe</small> -- vahinamalo: taho (''[[Orchidaceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), kohaka, fahalemen' ny filahiana, [[rohana]], fanaintainan' ny lamosina, areti-nify * ''[[Woodfordia fruticosa]]'' <small>(L.) Kurz</small> -- lambohenjana: fakany (''[[Lythraceae]]''): harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), fanaintainan' ny lamosina, kohaka, fahalemen' ny filahiana, rohana, fanaintainan' ny lamosina, hanaintainan' ny valahana, rohana, areti-nify * ''[[Zea mays]]'' <small>L.</small> -- katsaka: volony (''[[Poaceae]]''): [[Angatra (aretina)|angatra]] == Aretina voakasika == Indreto ny aretina sy ny fahasahiranana ara-pahasalamana sasany voakasiky ny fitsaboana amin' ny alalan' ny mangidy: [[Angatra (aretina)|angatra]], [[aretin' aty]], [[aretin' ny kambontsinay]], [[aretin' ny prôstaty]], [[areti-nify]], [[aretin-kibo]], [[diabeta]], fahalemen' ny filahiana, fanaintainan' ny kibo, fanaintainan' ny lamosina, [[fanaintainan' ny valahana]] ([[Voa (taovam-biby)|voa]], [[hazondamosina]], [[fitatitra]]…), [[farasisa]], [[fiakaran' ny glisemia]], [[fiakaran' ny kôlesterôla]], [[fiakaran' ny tosi-dra]], [[fitohanana]], [[gaotra]], [[gripa]], harerahan-tsaina sy vatana (asthénie), [[hatavezana]], [[hemôfilia]] ([[ra]] sarotra mivaingana), [[homamiadana]], [[kohaka]], [[rohana]], [[sohika]], [[tandomitra]], [[tazo]], [[tazovony]], [[tsy fahampian' ny prôteinina]], [[tsy fahombiazan' ny voa]], tsy fisian' ny [[fadimbolana]] (amenorhée), tsy mamany, [[vato anaty voa]]. == Jereo koa == * [[Tambavy]] * Mangidy (''[[Physena madagascariensis]]'' <small>Thouars ex Tul.</small>) Anarana manondro zavamaniry samihafa: * [[Aferontany]] (''[[Paramollugo nudicaulis]]'' <small>(Lam.) Thulin</small>;''[[Tachiadenus carinatus]]'' <small>(Desr.) Griseb.</small>) * [[Afiafy]] (''[[Avicennia marina]]'' <small>(Forsk.) Vierh.</small>; ''[[Celtis gomphophylla]]'' Baker) * [[Hazomalany]] (''[[Macarisia capuronii]]'' <small>Arènes</small>; ''[[Macarisia lanceolata]]'' <small>Baill</small>.; ''[[Macarisia nossibeensis]]'' <small>Arènes</small>; ''[[Molinaea retusa]]'' <small>Radlk</small>.; ''[[Macarisia pyramidata]]'' <small>Thouars</small>.; ''[[Payeria excelsa]]'' <small>Baill</small>.; [[Pittosporum verticillatum|''Pittosporum verticillatum'' subsp. ''pangalanense'']] <small>(Cufod.) Cufod.</small>; ''[[Crateva excelsa]]'' <small>Bojer</small>) * Kelimavitrika (''Athanasia brownii'' <small>Hochr</small>.) * [[Mandravasarotra]] (''[[Calliandra alternans]]'' <small>Benth.</small>; ''[[Cinnamosma fragrans]]'' <small>Baill.</small>; ''[[Cinnamosma macrocarpa]]'' <small>H.Perrier</small>; ''[[Croton hovarum]]'' <small>Leandri</small>; ''[[Desmodium ramosissimum]]'' <small>G. Don</small>) * Ninginingina (''[[Vernonia glutinosa]]'' <small>DC.</small>) * [[Ravintsara]] (''[[Camphora officinarum]]'' <small>(L.) J. Presl</small>; ''[[Cinnamomum verum]]'' <small>J.Presl</small>; ''[[Cryptocarya agathophylla]]'' <small>van der Werff</small>; ''[[Cryptocarya litoralis]]'' <small>van der Werff</small>; ''[[Vepris unifoliolata]]'' <small>(Baill.) Labat, M. Pignal & O. Pascal</small>) * [[Tandrokosy]] (''[[Alafia fuscata]]'' <small>Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala cryptophlebia]]'' <small>(Baker) Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala cryptophlebia]]'' <small>(Baker) Pichon</small>;''[[Cabucala multiflora]]'' <small>Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala plectaneiifolia]]'' <small>Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala polysperma]]'' <small>(Scott-Elliot) Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala striolata]]'' <small>Pichon</small>; ''[[Cabucala striolata]]'' <small>Pichon</small>; ''[[Mascarenhasia lisianthiflora]]'' <small>(Bojer) A. DC.</small>; ''[[Oncinotis tomentella]]'' <small>Radlk</small>.; ''[[Pentopetia androsaemifolia]]'' <small>Decne</small>.) * [[Tsotsorinangatra]] (''[[Senna septemtrionalis]]'' <small>(Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby</small>; ''[[Senna occidentalis]]'' <small>(L.) Link</small>) * [[Zahana]] (''[[Leptolaena multiflora]]'' <small>Thouars</small>; ''[[Phyllarthron madagascariense]]'' <small>(Bojer) K. Schum.</small>; ''[[Xyloolaena perrieri]]'' <small>F. Gérard</small>) == Loharano == 748ze9jf5dyy1l0hfqp8fy8675bzi8y 0 300464 1142462 1142457 2026-06-10T12:40:59Z Thelezifor 15140 1142462 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:The Cactaceae Vol II, plate XXXVI filtered.jpg|vignette]] Ny '''''Selenicereus triangularis''''' dia karazana [[Angiospermae|zavamaniry mamony]] ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Cactaceae]]'' (karazana [[raketa]]). Amin' ny teny malagasy izy io dia atao hoe '''fakantsilo''' na '''fakatsilo''' na '''tsiloteloriana'''. Anarana ara-tsiansa nahafantarana teo aloha ny hoe '''''Hylocereus triangularis''''' na '''''Cereus triangularis'''''. == Famariparitana == === Taho === [[Sary:Cereus triangularis Blanco2.324-cropped.jpg|ankavia|vignette|274x274px|Vony sy tahon' ny ''Selenicereus triangularis'']] Mazàna maniry amin' ny endrika [[vahy]] mianika sy mandady ny ''Selenicereus triangularis'' <small>(L.) D.R.Hunt</small>. Manana savaivony 3 hatramin' ny 4 sm ny sampany telozoro maranitra sy misy faka maro ivelan' ny tany. Ny rirany dia mahitsy na somary mivohitra manodidina ny areôla ary tsy misy keratina ao ambadika. Enina ka hatramin' ny valo ny tsilo fohy toy ny fanjaitra mipoitra avy amin' ny areôla, izay matevina eo amin' ny fotony. === Vony sy voa === [[Sary:Hylocereus triangularis Rich Hoyer.JPG|vignette|280x280px|Vonin' ny ''Selenicereus triangularis'']] Ny voniny fotsy dia mahatratra halava 20 sm (na mihoatra). Mifanindry toy ny tafo kapila ny hodiny. Ny voany mena manana halava 2 hatramin' ny 5 sm dia azo hanina. == Faritra sy toerana aniriany == Ny ''Selenicereus triangularis'' dia miely patrana any [[Kiobà]], any [[Jamaîka|Jamaika]], any amin' ny [[Repoblika Dôminikana|Repoblika Dôminikanina]] ary any [[Haitỳ|Haity]]. Io karazana io dia voatanisa ho "Least Concern (LC)" ao amin' ny Lisitra Menan' ny [[Fikambanana Iraisam-Pirenena ho an' ny Fitahirizana ny Zavaboary|IUCN]], izany hoe tsy atahorana ho lany tamingana. == Taksônômia == [[Sary:Hylocereus trigonus (Cereus napoleonis) Bot. Mag. 63. t. 3458. 1836.jpg|vignette|264x264px|Vonin' ny ''Selenicereus triangularis'']] Ny famariparitana voalohany ny ''Selenicereus triangularis'' <small>(L.) D.R.Hunt, 2017</small> amin' ny anarana hoe ''Cactus triangularis'' dia navoakan' i [[Carl von Linné]] tamin' ny taona 1753. I David Richard Hunt no nametraka an' io karazana io ao amin' ny antoko ''[[Selenicereus]]'' tamin' ny taona 2017. Anarana nahafantarana azy koa ny hoe ''Cereus triangularis'' <small>(L.) Haw. (1812)</small> sy ''Hylocereus triangularis'' <small>(L.) Britton & Rose (1909)</small>. == Fampiasana == [[Sary:Hylocereus triangularis-2 Rich Hoyer.JPG|ankavia|vignette|246x246px|''Selenicereus triangularis'' maniry amin' ny tamboho vato]] Ambolena hahazoana ny voany izay azo hanina ny ''Selenicereus triangularis'' ary ampiasaina indraindray ho "fefy velona". == Jereo koa == * ''[[Hylocereus]]'' * ''[[Selenicereus]]'' 6nfzs3dkve62do3u7j0hwau8xzopoow 0 300466 1142460 2026-06-10T12:27:21Z Thelezifor 15140 Fihodinana 1142460 wikitext text/x-wiki #FIHODINANA[[Selenicereus triangularis]] s4mgnjr3itkn2gdk9t88mvndfouvjxz 4 300467 1142478 2026-06-10T13:52:54Z Jules* 13115 + 1142478 wikitext text/x-wiki This article, as some others, has been created by single purpose accounts (SPA) within a larger cross-wiki spam about everything related to Jean-Luc Sandoz company CBS-Lifteam, see [[:meta:Talk:Wikiproject:Antispam#Cross-wiki_spam_linked_to_Wikimedia_IRL_projects/chapters]]. Now SPA [[special:contribs/Gustavo523|Gustavo523]] is edit warring to remove the deletion process banner. Regards, [[Mpikambana:Jules*|Jules*]] ([[Dinika amin'ny mpikambana:Jules*|resaka]]) 10 Jiona 2026 à 13:52 (UTC) 4bbemwlc5du37ny4onafuc7ji4dxmgm 4 300468 1142479 2026-06-10T13:53:53Z Jules* 13115 + 1142479 wikitext text/x-wiki This article, as some others, has been created by single purpose accounts (SPA) within a larger cross-wiki spam about everything related to Jean-Luc Sandoz company CBS-Lifteam, see [[:meta:Talk:Wikiproject:Antispam#Cross-wiki_spam_linked_to_Wikimedia_IRL_projects/chapters]]. Now SPA [[special:contribs/Gustavo523|Gustavo523]] is edit warring to remove the deletion process banner. Regards, [[Mpikambana:Jules*|Jules*]] ([[Dinika amin'ny mpikambana:Jules*|resaka]]) 10 Jiona 2026 à 13:53 (UTC) gqmibvq9m4eto98mqmu5wjmxfp9mw6p 4 300469 1142480 2026-06-10T13:54:05Z Jules* 13115 + 1142480 wikitext text/x-wiki This article, as some others, has been created by single purpose accounts (SPA) within a larger cross-wiki spam about everything related to Jean-Luc Sandoz company CBS-Lifteam, see [[:meta:Talk:Wikiproject:Antispam#Cross-wiki_spam_linked_to_Wikimedia_IRL_projects/chapters]]. Now SPA [[special:contribs/Gustavo523|Gustavo523]] is edit warring to remove the deletion process banner. Regards, [[Mpikambana:Jules*|Jules*]] ([[Dinika amin'ny mpikambana:Jules*|resaka]]) 10 Jiona 2026 à 13:54 (UTC) 9lrn2j64pj1uidc35cxhdhhbk5nnngd 4 300470 1142481 2026-06-10T13:54:10Z Jules* 13115 + 1142481 wikitext text/x-wiki This article, as some others, has been created by single purpose accounts (SPA) within a larger cross-wiki spam about everything related to Jean-Luc Sandoz company CBS-Lifteam, see [[:meta:Talk:Wikiproject:Antispam#Cross-wiki_spam_linked_to_Wikimedia_IRL_projects/chapters]]. Now SPA [[special:contribs/Gustavo523|Gustavo523]] is edit warring to remove the deletion process banner. Regards, [[Mpikambana:Jules*|Jules*]] ([[Dinika amin'ny mpikambana:Jules*|resaka]]) 10 Jiona 2026 à 13:54 (UTC) 9lrn2j64pj1uidc35cxhdhhbk5nnngd 0 300471 1142488 2026-06-10T14:15:48Z HarryWurst 36292 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « {{coord|48|17|N|08|34|E}} {{infobox tanàna |tanàna=Oberndorf am Neckar |firenena={{Alemaina}} |isam-ponina=14.853 |velarantany= 55,92 |haavo = 506 |fanjakana = [[Baden-Württemberg]] |ben'ny tanàna= |sary=Oberndorf view1.jpg }} [[File:DEU Oberndorf am Neckar COA SK.svg|thumb|left|Oberndorf am Neckar]] '''Oberndorf am Neckar''', dia tanàna eo amin'ny Reniranon'i [[Neckar]] ambony ao amin'ny distrikan'i Rottweil ao {{Baden-Württemberg}}, {{Alemaina}}... » 1142488 wikitext text/x-wiki {{coord|48|17|N|08|34|E}} {{infobox tanàna |tanàna=Oberndorf am Neckar |firenena={{Alemaina}} |isam-ponina=14.853 |velarantany= 55,92 |haavo = 506 |fanjakana = [[Baden-Württemberg]] |ben'ny tanàna= |sary=Oberndorf view1.jpg }} [[File:DEU Oberndorf am Neckar COA SK.svg|thumb|left|Oberndorf am Neckar]] '''Oberndorf am Neckar''', dia tanàna eo amin'ny Reniranon'i [[Neckar]] ambony ao amin'ny distrikan'i Rottweil ao {{Baden-Württemberg}}, {{Alemaina}}. == Jeografia == Oberndorf am Neckar dia ao amin'ny Lohasahan'i Neckar Ambony, eo am-pototry ny tendrombohitra Kleiner Heuberg, eo anelanelan'ny Ala Mainty sy ny Jura Swabian, amin'ny haavo 450 ka hatramin'ny 700 metatra ambonin'ny haabon'ny ranomasina. == Toekarena == Foibe lehibe ho an'ny indostrian'ny fitaovam-piadiana alemà izy io hatramin'izay ary amin'izao fotoana izao. ==Jereo Koa== *[[Lisitra ny tanàna ny Alemaina]] {{reflist}} {{commonscat}} [[de:Oberndorf am Neckar]] [[Sokajy:Tanàna ao Alemaina]] [[Sokajy:Tanàna ao Baden-Württemberg]] d482f4jy8bja4bovbcbhp9n47a975q3 0 300472 1142491 2026-06-10T14:32:48Z Thelezifor 15140 nanova ny anaran'i [[Katsaka]] ho [[Zea mays]] i Thelezifor 1142491 wikitext text/x-wiki #FIHODINANA [[Zea mays]] h1u35d884vby2721vdhw5mq9zuittjb 1 300473 1142493 2026-06-10T14:32:49Z Thelezifor 15140 nanova ny anaran'i [[Dinika:Katsaka]] ho [[Dinika:Zea mays]] i Thelezifor 1142493 wikitext text/x-wiki #FIHODINANA [[Dinika:Zea mays]] babz0eaxajgg7t1z30a9ygaiuegvfwl 0 300474 1142498 2026-06-10T14:53:30Z HarryWurst 36292 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « {{infobox olona |sary= Biedenkopf Geburtstag - a100129 122935TWK - Portrait.jpg |anarana=Kurt Biedenkopf |teraka= 28 Janoary 1930 |toerana = [[Ludwigshafen]] |maty= 12 Aogositra 2021 |firenena={{Alemaina}} |fanjakana = [[Sachsen]] |mpiaraka= |asa= * [[mpanao politika]] |taona niasàna= }} '''Kurt Hans Biedenkopf''' (teraka ny 28 Janoary 1930 tao [[Ludwigshafen]] am Rhein; maty ny 12 Aogositra 2021 tao [[Dresden]]) dia mpahay lalàna alemà, mpampianatra eny... » 1142498 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox olona |sary= Biedenkopf Geburtstag - a100129 122935TWK - Portrait.jpg |anarana=Kurt Biedenkopf |teraka= 28 Janoary 1930 |toerana = [[Ludwigshafen]] |maty= 12 Aogositra 2021 |firenena={{Alemaina}} |fanjakana = [[Sachsen]] |mpiaraka= |asa= * [[mpanao politika]] |taona niasàna= }} '''Kurt Hans Biedenkopf''' (teraka ny 28 Janoary 1930 tao [[Ludwigshafen]] am Rhein; maty ny 12 Aogositra 2021 tao [[Dresden]]) dia mpahay lalàna alemà, mpampianatra eny amin'ny oniversite ary [[mpanao politika]] (CDU). Nanomboka ny taona 1990 ka hatramin'ny 2002, izy no Minisitra-Filoha voalohany tao amin'ny Fanjakana Afaka an'i {{Sachsen}} taorian'ny fampiraisana an'i {{Alemaina}}. Antoko politika: [[CDU]] (Demokratika Kristiana) == Fianakaviana == Protestanta izy ary rain'ny zanaka roa lahy. == Minisitra-Filoha Sachsen == {|border="1" align="center" style="border: 10px solid #0; background-color:#FFFFFF" |-align="center" bgcolor="DDEEFF" !nodimbiasany ![[Sary:Coat of arms of Saxony.svg|40px]] Minisitra-Filoha ny [[Sachsen]], ([[Alemaina]]) [[Sary:Flag_of_Germany.svg|40px]] !mpandimby |-align="center" | -Toerana vao noforonina || [[Kurt Biedenkopf]]<br/>1990-2002 || [[Georg Milbradt ]]<br/>2002-2008 |-bgcolor="#DDEEFF" |- |} == Jereo koa == [[de:Kurt Biedenkopf]] [[fr:Kurt Biedenkopf]] {{commonscat}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Biedenkopf, Kurtl}} [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1930]] [[Sokajy:Maty tamin'ny taona 2021]] [[Sokajy:Mpanao politika alemana]] [[Sokajy:Minisitra-Filoha Sachsen]] 8z15i8vnapwlps82h9eq74iq9nrrpso 1142499 1142498 2026-06-10T14:56:37Z HarryWurst 36292 1142499 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox olona |sary= Biedenkopf Geburtstag - a100129 122935TWK - Portrait.jpg |anarana=Kurt Biedenkopf |teraka= 28 Janoary 1930 |toerana = [[Ludwigshafen]] |maty= 12 Aogositra 2021 |firenena={{Alemaina}} |fanjakana = [[Sachsen]] |mpiaraka= |asa= * [[mpanao politika]] |taona niasàna= }} '''Kurt Hans Biedenkopf''' (teraka ny 28 Janoary 1930 tao [[Ludwigshafen]] am Rhein; maty ny 12 Aogositra 2021 tao [[Dresden]]) dia mpahay lalàna alemà, mpampianatra eny amin'ny oniversite ary [[mpanao politika]] (CDU). Nanomboka ny taona 1990 ka hatramin'ny 2002, izy no Minisitra-Filoha voalohany tao amin'ny Fanjakana Afaka an'i {{Sachsen}} taorian'ny fampiraisana an'i {{Alemaina}}. Antoko politika: [[CDU]] (Demokratika Kristiana) == Fianakaviana == Protestanta izy ary rain'ny zanaka efatra. == Minisitra-Filoha Sachsen == {|border="1" align="center" style="border: 10px solid #0; background-color:#FFFFFF" |-align="center" bgcolor="DDEEFF" !nodimbiasany ![[Sary:Coat of arms of Saxony.svg|40px]] Minisitra-Filoha ny [[Sachsen]], ([[Alemaina]]) [[Sary:Flag_of_Germany.svg|40px]] !mpandimby |-align="center" | -Toerana vao noforonina || [[Kurt Biedenkopf]]<br/>1990-2002 || [[Georg Milbradt ]]<br/>2002-2008 |-bgcolor="#DDEEFF" |- |} == Jereo koa == [[de:Kurt Biedenkopf]] [[fr:Kurt Biedenkopf]] {{commonscat}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Biedenkopf, Kurtl}} [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1930]] [[Sokajy:Maty tamin'ny taona 2021]] [[Sokajy:Mpanao politika alemana]] [[Sokajy:Minisitra-Filoha Sachsen]] fgn0228fibnea8mzhvdbci5a4ni3y6g 1142500 1142499 2026-06-10T14:58:20Z HarryWurst 36292 1142500 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox olona |sary= Biedenkopf Geburtstag - a100129 122935TWK - Portrait.jpg |anarana=Kurt Biedenkopf |teraka= 28 Janoary 1930 |toerana = [[Ludwigshafen]] |maty= 12 Aogositra 2021 |firenena={{Alemaina}} |fanjakana = [[Sachsen]] |mpiaraka= |asa= * [[mpanao politika]] |taona niasàna= }} '''Kurt Hans Biedenkopf''' (teraka ny 28 Janoary 1930 tao [[Ludwigshafen]] am Rhein; maty ny 12 Aogositra 2021 tao [[Dresden]]) dia mpahay lalàna alemà, mpampianatra eny amin'ny oniversite ary [[mpanao politika]] (CDU). Nanomboka ny taona 1990 ka hatramin'ny 2002, izy no Minisitra-Filoha voalohany tao amin'ny Fanjakana Afaka an'i {{Sachsen}} taorian'ny fampiraisana an'i {{Alemaina}}. Antoko politika: [[CDU]] (Demokratika Kristiana) == Fianakaviana == Protestanta izy ary rain'ny zanaka efatra. == Minisitra-Filoha Sachsen == {|border="1" align="center" style="border: 10px solid #0; background-color:#FFFFFF" |-align="center" bgcolor="DDEEFF" !nodimbiasany ![[Sary:Coat of arms of Saxony.svg|40px]] Minisitra-Filoha ny [[Sachsen]], ([[Alemaina]]) [[Sary:Flag_of_Germany.svg|40px]] !mpandimby |-align="center" | -Toerana vao noforonina || [[Kurt Biedenkopf]]<br/>1990-2002 || [[Georg Milbradt ]]<br/>2002-2008 |-bgcolor="#DDEEFF" |- |} == Jereo koa == [[de:Kurt Biedenkopf]] [[fr:Kurt Biedenkopf]] {{commonscat}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Biedenkopf, Kurtl}} [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1930]] [[Sokajy:Maty tamin'ny taona 2021]] [[Sokajy:Mpanao politika alemana]] [[Sokajy:Minisitra-Filoha Sachsen]] 9wksolwuer44yrhblvbnf7162xve68s 0 300475 1142502 2026-06-10T15:16:35Z HarryWurst 36292 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « {{infobox olona |sary= |anarana=David McAllister |teraka= 12 Janoary 1971, |toerana = [[Ludwigshafen]] |maty= |firenena={{Alemaina}}, {{Fanjakana Mitambatra}} |fanjakana = [[Sachsen]] |mpiaraka= |asa= * [[mpanao politika]] |taona niasàna= }} '''David James McAllister''' (teraka ny 12 Janoary 1971, tao [[Berlin]] Andrefana) dia [[mpanao politika]] Alemana-Britanika ao amin'ny [[CDU]] (Union Démocratique). Nanomboka ny Febroary 2003 ka hatramin'ny Jolay 20... » 1142502 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox olona |sary= |anarana=David McAllister |teraka= 12 Janoary 1971, |toerana = [[Ludwigshafen]] |maty= |firenena={{Alemaina}}, {{Fanjakana Mitambatra}} |fanjakana = [[Sachsen]] |mpiaraka= |asa= * [[mpanao politika]] |taona niasàna= }} '''David James McAllister''' (teraka ny 12 Janoary 1971, tao [[Berlin]] Andrefana) dia [[mpanao politika]] Alemana-Britanika ao amin'ny [[CDU]] (Union Démocratique). Nanomboka ny Febroary 2003 ka hatramin'ny Jolay 2010, izy no Filohan'ny vondrona parlemantera CDU tao amin'ny parlemanta [[Niedersachsen]], ary taorian'izay, hatramin'ny Febroary 2013, Minisitra-Filoha ao {{Niedersachsen}}. Niasa ho Filohan'ny CDU Niedersachsen ihany koa izy nanomboka ny Jona 2008 ka hatramin'ny Novambra 2016. Nanomboka ny taona 1998 ka hatramin'ny 2014, izy no mpikambana ao amin'ny parlemanta Niedersachsen. Hatramin'ny taona 2014, izy no mpikambana ao amin'ny Parlemanta Eoropeana ho an'ny Vondrona EPP, izay nitarihany ny Komitin'ny Raharaham-bahiny nanomboka ny taona 2017. Izy koa no filoha lefitry ny Antoko Vahoaka Eoropeana sy ny Firaisana Demokratika Iraisam-pirenena. McAllister no Minisitra-Filoha [[Alemaina|Alemana]] voalohany nanana fiaviana momba ny fifindra-monina. Manana zom-pirenena [[Fanjakana Mitambatra|Britanika]] ihany koa izy. Antoko politika: [[CDU]] (Demokratika Kristiana) == Minisitra-Filoha Niedersachsen == {|border="1" align="center" style="border: 10px solid #0; background-color:#FFFFFF" |-align="center" bgcolor="DDEEFF" !nodimbiasany ![[Sary:Coat of arms of Lower Saxony.svg|40px]] Minisitra-Filoha ny [[Niedersachsen]], ([[Alemaina]]) [[Sary:Flag_of_Germany.svg|40px]] !mpandimby |-align="center" | -Toerana vao noforonina || [[David McAllister]]<br/>1990-2002 || [[Georg Milbradt ]]<br/>2002-2008 |-bgcolor="#DDEEFF" |- |} == Jereo koa == [[de:David McAllister]] [[fr:David McAllister]] {{commonscat}} {{DEFAULTSORT:McAllister, David}} [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1930]] [[Sokajy:Maty tamin'ny taona 2021]] [[Sokajy:Mpanao politika alemana]] [[Sokajy:Mpanao politika britanika]] [[Sokajy:Minisitra-Filoha Niedersachsen]] [[Sokajy:Solombavambahoaka eoropeana alemà]] jbeen2auuf7a8xf1vrbw3wvpvb7qphu 1142509 1142502 2026-06-10T15:25:27Z HarryWurst 36292 1142509 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox olona |sary= 2016-12-06 David McAllister CDU Parteitag by Olaf Kosinsky-14.jpg |anarana=David McAllister |teraka= 12 Janoary 1971, |toerana = [[Berlin]] |maty= |firenena={{Alemaina}}, {{Fanjakana Mitambatra}} |fanjakana = [[Niedersachsen]] |mpiaraka= |asa= * [[mpanao politika]] |taona niasàna= }} '''David James McAllister''' (teraka ny 12 Janoary 1971, tao [[Berlin]] Andrefana) dia [[mpanao politika]] Alemana-Britanika ao amin'ny [[CDU]] (Union Démocratique). Nanomboka ny Febroary 2003 ka hatramin'ny Jolay 2010, izy no Filohan'ny vondrona parlemantera CDU tao amin'ny parlemanta [[Niedersachsen]], ary taorian'izay, hatramin'ny Febroary 2013, Minisitra-Filoha ao {{Niedersachsen}}. Niasa ho Filohan'ny CDU Niedersachsen ihany koa izy nanomboka ny Jona 2008 ka hatramin'ny Novambra 2016. Nanomboka ny taona 1998 ka hatramin'ny 2014, izy no mpikambana ao amin'ny parlemanta Niedersachsen. Hatramin'ny taona 2014, izy no mpikambana ao amin'ny Parlemanta Eoropeana ho an'ny Vondrona EPP, izay nitarihany ny Komitin'ny Raharaham-bahiny nanomboka ny taona 2017. Izy koa no filoha lefitry ny Antoko Vahoaka Eoropeana sy ny Firaisana Demokratika Iraisam-pirenena. McAllister no Minisitra-Filoha [[Alemaina|Alemana]] voalohany nanana fiaviana momba ny fifindra-monina. Manana zom-pirenena [[Fanjakana Mitambatra|Britanika]] ihany koa izy. Antoko politika: [[CDU]] (Demokratika Kristiana) == Minisitra-Filoha Niedersachsen == {|border="1" align="center" style="border: 10px solid #0; background-color:#FFFFFF" |-align="center" bgcolor="DDEEFF" !nodimbiasany ![[Sary:Coat of arms of Lower Saxony.svg|40px]] Minisitra-Filoha ny [[Niedersachsen]], ([[Alemaina]]) [[Sary:Flag_of_Germany.svg|40px]] !mpandimby |-align="center" | [[Christian Wulff]]<br/>2003-2010 || [[David McAllister]]<br/>2010-2013 || [[Stephan Weil]]<br/>2013-2025 |-bgcolor="#DDEEFF" |- |} == Jereo koa == [[de:David McAllister]] [[fr:David McAllister]] {{commonscat}} {{DEFAULTSORT:McAllister, David}} [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1971]] [[Sokajy:Maty tamin'ny taona 2021]] [[Sokajy:Mpanao politika alemana]] [[Sokajy:Mpanao politika britanika]] [[Sokajy:Minisitra-Filoha Niedersachsen]] [[Sokajy:Solombavambahoaka eoropeana alemà]] ns53lt11poicue2tola9l85f7n00k4o 1142510 1142509 2026-06-10T15:25:47Z HarryWurst 36292 1142510 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox olona |sary= 2016-12-06 David McAllister CDU Parteitag by Olaf Kosinsky-14.jpg |anarana=David McAllister |teraka= 12 Janoary 1971, |toerana = [[Berlin]] |maty= |firenena={{Alemaina}}, {{Fanjakana Mitambatra}} |fanjakana = [[Niedersachsen]] |mpiaraka= |asa= * [[mpanao politika]] |taona niasàna= }} '''David James McAllister''' (teraka ny 12 Janoary 1971, tao [[Berlin]] Andrefana) dia [[mpanao politika]] Alemana-Britanika ao amin'ny [[CDU]] (Union Démocratique). Nanomboka ny Febroary 2003 ka hatramin'ny Jolay 2010, izy no Filohan'ny vondrona parlemantera CDU tao amin'ny parlemanta [[Niedersachsen]], ary taorian'izay, hatramin'ny Febroary 2013, Minisitra-Filoha ao {{Niedersachsen}}. Niasa ho Filohan'ny CDU Niedersachsen ihany koa izy nanomboka ny Jona 2008 ka hatramin'ny Novambra 2016. Nanomboka ny taona 1998 ka hatramin'ny 2014, izy no mpikambana ao amin'ny parlemanta Niedersachsen. Hatramin'ny taona 2014, izy no mpikambana ao amin'ny Parlemanta Eoropeana ho an'ny Vondrona EPP, izay nitarihany ny Komitin'ny Raharaham-bahiny nanomboka ny taona 2017. Izy koa no filoha lefitry ny Antoko Vahoaka Eoropeana sy ny Firaisana Demokratika Iraisam-pirenena. McAllister no Minisitra-Filoha [[Alemaina|Alemana]] voalohany nanana fiaviana momba ny fifindra-monina. Manana zom-pirenena [[Fanjakana Mitambatra|Britanika]] ihany koa izy. Antoko politika: [[CDU]] (Demokratika Kristiana) == Minisitra-Filoha Niedersachsen == {|border="1" align="center" style="border: 10px solid #0; background-color:#FFFFFF" |-align="center" bgcolor="DDEEFF" !nodimbiasany ![[Sary:Coat of arms of Lower Saxony.svg|40px]] Minisitra-Filoha ny [[Niedersachsen]], ([[Alemaina]]) [[Sary:Flag_of_Germany.svg|40px]] !mpandimby |-align="center" | [[Christian Wulff]]<br/>2003-2010 || [[David McAllister]]<br/>2010-2013 || [[Stephan Weil]]<br/>2013-2025 |-bgcolor="#DDEEFF" |- |} == Jereo koa == [[de:David McAllister]] [[fr:David McAllister]] {{commonscat}} {{DEFAULTSORT:McAllister, David}} [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1971]] [[Sokajy:Maty tamin'ny taona]] [[Sokajy:Mpanao politika alemana]] [[Sokajy:Mpanao politika britanika]] [[Sokajy:Minisitra-Filoha Niedersachsen]] [[Sokajy:Solombavambahoaka eoropeana alemà]] apre3n1qs31i8vviozguny004oqcbgw 1142511 1142510 2026-06-10T15:26:45Z HarryWurst 36292 1142511 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox olona |sary= 2016-12-06 David McAllister CDU Parteitag by Olaf Kosinsky-14.jpg |anarana=David McAllister |teraka= 12 Janoary 1971 |toerana = [[Berlin]] |maty= |firenena={{Alemaina}}, {{Fanjakana Mitambatra}} |fanjakana = [[Niedersachsen]] |mpiaraka= |asa= * [[mpanao politika]] |taona niasàna= }} '''David James McAllister''' (teraka ny 12 Janoary 1971, tao [[Berlin]] Andrefana) dia [[mpanao politika]] Alemana-Britanika ao amin'ny [[CDU]] (Union Démocratique). Nanomboka ny Febroary 2003 ka hatramin'ny Jolay 2010, izy no Filohan'ny vondrona parlemantera CDU tao amin'ny parlemanta [[Niedersachsen]], ary taorian'izay, hatramin'ny Febroary 2013, Minisitra-Filoha ao {{Niedersachsen}}. Niasa ho Filohan'ny CDU Niedersachsen ihany koa izy nanomboka ny Jona 2008 ka hatramin'ny Novambra 2016. Nanomboka ny taona 1998 ka hatramin'ny 2014, izy no mpikambana ao amin'ny parlemanta Niedersachsen. Hatramin'ny taona 2014, izy no mpikambana ao amin'ny Parlemanta Eoropeana ho an'ny Vondrona EPP, izay nitarihany ny Komitin'ny Raharaham-bahiny nanomboka ny taona 2017. Izy koa no filoha lefitry ny Antoko Vahoaka Eoropeana sy ny Firaisana Demokratika Iraisam-pirenena. McAllister no Minisitra-Filoha [[Alemaina|Alemana]] voalohany nanana fiaviana momba ny fifindra-monina. Manana zom-pirenena [[Fanjakana Mitambatra|Britanika]] ihany koa izy. Antoko politika: [[CDU]] (Demokratika Kristiana) == Minisitra-Filoha Niedersachsen == {|border="1" align="center" style="border: 10px solid #0; background-color:#FFFFFF" |-align="center" bgcolor="DDEEFF" !nodimbiasany ![[Sary:Coat of arms of Lower Saxony.svg|40px]] Minisitra-Filoha ny [[Niedersachsen]], ([[Alemaina]]) [[Sary:Flag_of_Germany.svg|40px]] !mpandimby |-align="center" | [[Christian Wulff]]<br/>2003-2010 || [[David McAllister]]<br/>2010-2013 || [[Stephan Weil]]<br/>2013-2025 |-bgcolor="#DDEEFF" |- |} == Jereo koa == [[de:David McAllister]] [[fr:David McAllister]] {{commonscat}} {{DEFAULTSORT:McAllister, David}} [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1971]] [[Sokajy:Maty tamin'ny taona]] [[Sokajy:Mpanao politika alemana]] [[Sokajy:Mpanao politika britanika]] [[Sokajy:Minisitra-Filoha Niedersachsen]] [[Sokajy:Solombavambahoaka eoropeana alemà]] 2vahympnb7zpgkp5yq3b0n53fbuboaq 1142513 1142511 2026-06-10T15:29:21Z HarryWurst 36292 Pejy nofotsiana 1142513 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 1142514 1142513 2026-06-10T15:29:49Z HarryWurst 36292 Pejy fihodinana mankany [[David McAllister]] 1142514 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[David McAllister]] 5hy5ros45o5wof4r8xdz3ajd5hda695 0 300476 1142504 2026-06-10T15:16:58Z Thelezifor 15140 nanova ny anaran'i [[Gaotra]] ho [[Treho]] i Thelezifor 1142504 wikitext text/x-wiki #FIHODINANA [[Treho]] bsga43wn3yx6rgtu0hwz12ysiyftstm 14 300477 1142506 2026-06-10T15:19:14Z HarryWurst 36292 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « [[Sokajy:Solombavambahoaka eoropeana]] [[Sokajy:Mpanao politika alemana]] » 1142506 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sokajy:Solombavambahoaka eoropeana]] [[Sokajy:Mpanao politika alemana]] 4h63buq5ur2m0g4ljiqu65eeyoo2uqh 14 300478 1142507 2026-06-10T15:20:07Z HarryWurst 36292 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « [[Sokajy:Mpanao politika alemana]] [[Sokajy:Politika ao Niedersachsen]] » 1142507 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sokajy:Mpanao politika alemana]] [[Sokajy:Politika ao Niedersachsen]] gk43jmciwa3rj6ck8x0sru3hh316n8m 14 300479 1142508 2026-06-10T15:20:20Z HarryWurst 36292 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « [[Sokajy:Niedersachsen]] » 1142508 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sokajy:Niedersachsen]] c2zhu6hk7bdvq8yioyyblowauac1le1 0 300480 1142512 2026-06-10T15:28:48Z HarryWurst 36292 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « {{infobox olona |sary= 2016-12-06 David McAllister CDU Parteitag by Olaf Kosinsky-14.jpg |anarana=David McAllister |teraka= 12 Janoary 1971 |toerana = [[Berlin]] |maty= |firenena={{Alemaina}}, {{Fanjakana Mitambatra}} |fanjakana = [[Niedersachsen]] |mpiaraka= |asa= * [[mpanao politika]] |taona niasàna= }} '''David James McAllister''' (teraka ny 12 Janoary 1971, tao [[Berlin]] Andrefana) dia [[mpanao politika]] Alemana-Britanika ao amin'ny [[CDU]] (Union Dé... » 1142512 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox olona |sary= 2016-12-06 David McAllister CDU Parteitag by Olaf Kosinsky-14.jpg |anarana=David McAllister |teraka= 12 Janoary 1971 |toerana = [[Berlin]] |maty= |firenena={{Alemaina}}, {{Fanjakana Mitambatra}} |fanjakana = [[Niedersachsen]] |mpiaraka= |asa= * [[mpanao politika]] |taona niasàna= }} '''David James McAllister''' (teraka ny 12 Janoary 1971, tao [[Berlin]] Andrefana) dia [[mpanao politika]] Alemana-Britanika ao amin'ny [[CDU]] (Union Démocratique). Nanomboka ny Febroary 2003 ka hatramin'ny Jolay 2010, izy no Filohan'ny vondrona parlemantera CDU tao amin'ny parlemanta [[Niedersachsen]], ary taorian'izay, hatramin'ny Febroary 2013, Minisitra-Filoha ao {{Niedersachsen}}. Niasa ho Filohan'ny CDU Niedersachsen ihany koa izy nanomboka ny Jona 2008 ka hatramin'ny Novambra 2016. Nanomboka ny taona 1998 ka hatramin'ny 2014, izy no mpikambana ao amin'ny parlemanta Niedersachsen. Hatramin'ny taona 2014, izy no mpikambana ao amin'ny Parlemanta Eoropeana ho an'ny Vondrona EPP, izay nitarihany ny Komitin'ny Raharaham-bahiny nanomboka ny taona 2017. Izy koa no filoha lefitry ny Antoko Vahoaka Eoropeana sy ny Firaisana Demokratika Iraisam-pirenena. McAllister no Minisitra-Filoha [[Alemaina|Alemana]] voalohany nanana fiaviana momba ny fifindra-monina. Manana zom-pirenena [[Fanjakana Mitambatra|Britanika]] ihany koa izy. Antoko politika: [[CDU]] (Demokratika Kristiana) == Minisitra-Filoha Niedersachsen == {|border="1" align="center" style="border: 10px solid #0; background-color:#FFFFFF" |-align="center" bgcolor="DDEEFF" !nodimbiasany ![[Sary:Coat of arms of Lower Saxony.svg|40px]] Minisitra-Filoha ny [[Niedersachsen]], ([[Alemaina]]) [[Sary:Flag_of_Germany.svg|40px]] !mpandimby |-align="center" | [[Christian Wulff]]<br/>2003-2010 || [[David McAllister]]<br/>2010-2013 || [[Stephan Weil]]<br/>2013-2025 |-bgcolor="#DDEEFF" |- |} == Jereo koa == [[de:David McAllister]] [[fr:David McAllister]] {{commonscat}} {{DEFAULTSORT:McAllister, David}} [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1971]] [[Sokajy:Maty tamin'ny taona]] [[Sokajy:Mpanao politika alemana]] [[Sokajy:Mpanao politika britanika]] [[Sokajy:Minisitra-Filoha Niedersachsen]] [[Sokajy:Solombavambahoaka eoropeana alemà]] 2vahympnb7zpgkp5yq3b0n53fbuboaq 1142516 1142512 2026-06-10T15:34:09Z HarryWurst 36292 Pejy nofotsiana 1142516 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 0 300481 1142515 2026-06-10T15:30:28Z HarryWurst 36292 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « {{infobox olona |sary= 2016-12-06 David McAllister CDU Parteitag by Olaf Kosinsky-14.jpg |anarana=David McAllister |teraka= 12 Janoary 1971 |toerana = [[Berlin]] |maty= |firenena={{Alemaina}}, {{Fanjakana Mitambatra}} |fanjakana = [[Niedersachsen]] |mpiaraka= |asa= * [[mpanao politika]] |taona niasàna= }} '''David James McAllister''' (teraka ny 12 Janoary 1971, tao [[Berlin]] Andrefana) dia [[mpanao politika]] Alemana-Britanika ao amin'ny [[CDU]] (Union Dé... » 1142515 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox olona |sary= 2016-12-06 David McAllister CDU Parteitag by Olaf Kosinsky-14.jpg |anarana=David McAllister |teraka= 12 Janoary 1971 |toerana = [[Berlin]] |maty= |firenena={{Alemaina}}, {{Fanjakana Mitambatra}} |fanjakana = [[Niedersachsen]] |mpiaraka= |asa= * [[mpanao politika]] |taona niasàna= }} '''David James McAllister''' (teraka ny 12 Janoary 1971, tao [[Berlin]] Andrefana) dia [[mpanao politika]] Alemana-Britanika ao amin'ny [[CDU]] (Union Démocratique). Nanomboka ny Febroary 2003 ka hatramin'ny Jolay 2010, izy no Filohan'ny vondrona parlemantera CDU tao amin'ny parlemanta [[Niedersachsen]], ary taorian'izay, hatramin'ny Febroary 2013, Minisitra-Filoha ao {{Niedersachsen}}. Niasa ho Filohan'ny CDU Niedersachsen ihany koa izy nanomboka ny Jona 2008 ka hatramin'ny Novambra 2016. Nanomboka ny taona 1998 ka hatramin'ny 2014, izy no mpikambana ao amin'ny parlemanta Niedersachsen. Hatramin'ny taona 2014, izy no mpikambana ao amin'ny Parlemanta Eoropeana ho an'ny Vondrona EPP, izay nitarihany ny Komitin'ny Raharaham-bahiny nanomboka ny taona 2017. Izy koa no filoha lefitry ny Antoko Vahoaka Eoropeana sy ny Firaisana Demokratika Iraisam-pirenena. McAllister no Minisitra-Filoha [[Alemaina|Alemana]] voalohany nanana fiaviana momba ny fifindra-monina. Manana zom-pirenena [[Fanjakana Mitambatra|Britanika]] ihany koa izy. Antoko politika: [[CDU]] (Demokratika Kristiana) == Minisitra-Filoha Niedersachsen == {|border="1" align="center" style="border: 10px solid #0; background-color:#FFFFFF" |-align="center" bgcolor="DDEEFF" !nodimbiasany ![[Sary:Coat of arms of Lower Saxony.svg|40px]] Minisitra-Filoha ny [[Niedersachsen]], ([[Alemaina]]) [[Sary:Flag_of_Germany.svg|40px]] !mpandimby |-align="center" | [[Christian Wulff]]<br/>2003-2010 || [[David McAllister]]<br/>2010-2013 || [[Stephan Weil]]<br/>2013-2025 |-bgcolor="#DDEEFF" |- |} == Jereo koa == [[de:David McAllister]] [[fr:David McAllister]] {{commonscat}} {{DEFAULTSORT:McAllister, David}} [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1971]] [[Sokajy:Maty tamin'ny taona]] [[Sokajy:Mpanao politika alemana]] [[Sokajy:Mpanao politika britanika]] [[Sokajy:Minisitra-Filoha Niedersachsen]] [[Sokajy:Solombavambahoaka eoropeana alemà]] 2vahympnb7zpgkp5yq3b0n53fbuboaq 0 300482 1142529 2026-06-10T16:27:39Z HarryWurst 36292 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « [[File:Portret van Johannes 't Serclaes, RP-P-OB-7757.jpg|thumb|Johannes 't Serclaes von Tilly]] '''Johann T’Serclaes von Tilly''' (fantatra ihany koa amin'ny anarana hoe '''Jean T’Serclaes von Tilly''', [[Fiteny neerlandey|Holandey]]: ''Johan t’Serclaes van Tilly''; teraka tamin'ny Febroary 1559 tao amin'ny Lapan'i Tilly tao amin'ny Duchy of Brabant; maty tamin'ny 30 Aprily 1632 tao [[Ingolstadt]], [[Alemaina]]) dia komandy [[miaramila]] Espaina|Espan... » 1142529 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Portret van Johannes 't Serclaes, RP-P-OB-7757.jpg|thumb|Johannes 't Serclaes von Tilly]] '''Johann T’Serclaes von Tilly''' (fantatra ihany koa amin'ny anarana hoe '''Jean T’Serclaes von Tilly''', [[Fiteny neerlandey|Holandey]]: ''Johan t’Serclaes van Tilly''; teraka tamin'ny Febroary 1559 tao amin'ny Lapan'i Tilly tao amin'ny Duchy of Brabant; maty tamin'ny 30 Aprily 1632 tao [[Ingolstadt]], [[Alemaina]]) dia komandy [[miaramila]] [[Espaina|Espaniola]]-[[Nederlandy|Holandey]] sady count izay niasa ho mpitarika mpikarama an'ady nandritra ny Ady Telopolo Taona ary farany dia ho komandy faratampony tao amin'ny [[Ligy Katolika]] sy, nanomboka tamin'ny 1630, ny Tafika Imperial. Ny toerana farany nahafatesany dia ao amin'ny fiangonana kolejy Altötting ao amin'ny crypt eo ambanin'ny Tilly Chapelle. == Fiandohana sy Fianakaviana == Johann T’Serclaes Tilly dia teraka tamin'ny Febroary 1559 tao amin'ny Lapan'i Tilly, ao amin'ny kaominina Villers-la-Ville ao [[Brabant]], 30 km atsimo atsinanan'i [[Bruxelles]] ao [[Belzika]] ankehitriny, izay anisan'ny Holandy [[Espaina|Espaniola]] nanomboka tamin'ny 1522. ==Jereo koa== {{commonscat|Johan t'Serclaes, Count of Tilly}} [[de:Johann T’Serclaes von Tilly]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Tilly, Johann T'Serclass von Tilly}} [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1559]] [[Sokajy:Maty tamin'ny taona 1632]] [[Sokajy:Miaramila neerlandey] lo6nznbx0qg6dd3pdlsjnnsmyxjh8go 1142530 1142529 2026-06-10T16:28:04Z HarryWurst 36292 1142530 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Portret van Johannes 't Serclaes, RP-P-OB-7757.jpg|thumb|Johannes 't Serclaes von Tilly]] '''Johann T’Serclaes von Tilly''' (fantatra ihany koa amin'ny anarana hoe '''Jean T’Serclaes von Tilly''', [[Fiteny neerlandey|Holandey]]: ''Johan t’Serclaes van Tilly''; teraka tamin'ny Febroary 1559 tao amin'ny Lapan'i Tilly tao amin'ny Duchy of Brabant; maty tamin'ny 30 Aprily 1632 tao [[Ingolstadt]], [[Alemaina]]) dia komandy [[miaramila]] [[Espaina|Espaniola]]-[[Nederlandy|Holandey]] sady count izay niasa ho mpitarika mpikarama an'ady nandritra ny Ady Telopolo Taona ary farany dia ho komandy faratampony tao amin'ny [[Ligy Katolika]] sy, nanomboka tamin'ny 1630, ny Tafika Imperial. Ny toerana farany nahafatesany dia ao amin'ny fiangonana kolejy Altötting ao amin'ny crypt eo ambanin'ny Tilly Chapelle. == Fiandohana sy Fianakaviana == Johann T’Serclaes Tilly dia teraka tamin'ny Febroary 1559 tao amin'ny Lapan'i Tilly, ao amin'ny kaominina Villers-la-Ville ao [[Brabant]], 30 km atsimo atsinanan'i [[Bruxelles]] ao [[Belzika]] ankehitriny, izay anisan'ny Holandy [[Espaina|Espaniola]] nanomboka tamin'ny 1522. ==Jereo koa== {{commonscat|Johan t'Serclaes, Count of Tilly}} [[de:Johann T’Serclaes von Tilly]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Tilly, Johann T'Serclass von Tilly}} [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1559]] [[Sokajy:Maty tamin'ny taona 1632]] [[Sokajy:Miaramila neerlandey]] pbbxf0fjzsn3tpm114e2iv7r6gkjmjf 14 300483 1142531 2026-06-10T16:28:36Z HarryWurst 36292 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « [[Sokajy:Miaramila]] [[Sokajy:Mpanao neerlandey]] » 1142531 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sokajy:Miaramila]] [[Sokajy:Mpanao neerlandey]] 39d0danz9tu17mww8bm654lc1d1z8yh 0 300484 1142536 2026-06-10T18:26:54Z Thelezifor 15140 Karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1142536 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Avicennia resinifera Coromandel 2005 fruits.JPG|vignette|''Avicennia marina'']] Ny '''''Avicennia marina''''' dia karazana [[zavamaniry mamony]] ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' araka ny fanasokajiana filôjenetika (na ''[[Verbenaceae]]'', na ''[[Avicenniaceae]]'' teo aloha). Izy io dia hazo anaty [[ala honko]] izay hita any [[Kaledônia-Vaovao|Nouvelle-Calédonie]], sy ao amin' ny morontsirak' i [[Afrika Atsinanana]], any [[Azia Atsimo]] sy [[Azia Atsimo-Atsinanana|Azia Atsimo Atsinanana]] ary koa any [[Aostralia]]. Amin' ny teny malagasy izy dia atao hoe '''afiafy''', '''hafiafy''', '''harongampanihy''', '''honko''', '''honkofotsy''', '''honkolahy''', '''mantsintay''', na '''mosotro'''. [[Sary:Avicennia marina (grey mangrove).JPG|vignette|300x300px|''Avicennia marina'' maniry anaty rano]] == Faritra ahitana azy == Any amin' ny ala honko any Azia Atsimo-Atsinanana dia maniry eny akaikin' ny ranomasina, amin' ny haabon' ny rano, ny ny ''Avicennia marina''. Anisan' ny hazo voalohany namorona sy nameno ny [[ala honko]] izy ireo (miaraka amin' ny hazo madinika ao amin' ny antoko ''[[Sonneratia]]''). == Famariparitana == Misy fakany lava izay mihazona ny fotaka sy ahafahan' ny antsanga vaovao hitoby ao ambadik' izany ny ''Avicennias marina''. Mahazaka hasira ambony sy mahatanty saforan' ny rano masiran' ny ranomasina ity zavamaniry ity. Tsy misy rivotra ny ao anaty fotaka masira, ka noho izany, ny fakan' ny ''Avicennias marina'' dia miteraka [[pnematôfôro]], izay taova mipoitra mitsangana sy azon-drivotra rehefa iva ny ranomasina mba hahafahan' io hazo io miaina amin' ny rivotra. == Fizaràna anatiny == Betsaka ny bôtanista no nanolotra ny fizaràna ny karazana, saingy amin' izao fotoana izao dia misy zana-karazana telo sy ovan-karazany iray no ekena: * ''Avicennias marina'' subsp. ''australasica'' <small>(Walp.) J.Everett</small> * ''Avicennias marina'' subsp. ''eucalyptifolia'' <small>(Valeton) J.Everett</small> * ''Avicennias marina'' subsp. ''marina'' * ''Avicennias marina'' var. ''rumphiana'' <small>(Hallier f.) Bakh.</small> (na ''Avicennia lanata'' <small>Ridl.</small>, ''Avicennia rumphiana'' <small>Hallier f.</small>) == Ekôlôjia == [[Sary:Avicennia marina - Nabq by Hatem Moushir 19.JPG|vignette|276x276px|''Avicennia marina'']] Tahaka ny [[honko]] hafa, dia manampy amin' ny fanamafisana ny antsanga sy ny moron-dranomasina ity karazana ity. Ny fakan' ity zavamaniry ity, ankoatry ny asan' ny fandavahana ataon' ny foza toy ny ''[[Uca vocans]]'', dia manome [[ôksizenina]] tsy mitsahana ny antsanga feno fotaka ary manova ny tsingerin' ny [[solifara]] sy ny [[karbônina]], ka manampy amin' ny biôsimin' ny [[solfiora]]. == Jereo koa == * ''[[Avicennias]]'' * [[Honko]] * [[Ala honko]] qw3bb7tkjkpg9aip7w9kvl2kucvepba 1142541 1142536 2026-06-10T20:17:30Z Thelezifor 15140 Famariparitana 1142541 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Avicennia resinifera Coromandel 2005 fruits.JPG|vignette|''Avicennia marina'']] Ny '''''Avicennia marina''''' dia karazana [[zavamaniry mamony]] ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' araka ny fanasokajiana filôjenetika (na ''[[Verbenaceae]]'', na ''[[Avicenniaceae]]'' teo aloha). Izy io dia hazo anaty [[ala honko]] izay hita any [[Kaledônia-Vaovao|Nouvelle-Calédonie]], sy ao amin' ny morontsirak' i [[Afrika Atsinanana]], any [[Azia Atsimo]] sy [[Azia Atsimo-Atsinanana|Azia Atsimo Atsinanana]] ary koa any [[Aostralia]]. Amin' ny teny malagasy izy dia atao hoe '''afiafy''', '''hafiafy''', '''harongampanihy''', '''honko''', '''honkofotsy''', '''honkolahy''', '''mantsintay''', na '''mosotro'''. [[Sary:Avicennia marina (grey mangrove).JPG|vignette|300x300px|''Avicennia marina'' maniry anaty rano|ankavia]] == Faritra sy toerana ahitana azy == Any amin' ny ala honko any Azia Atsimo-Atsinanana dia maniry eny akaikin' ny ranomasina, amin' ny haabon' ny rano, ny ny ''Avicennia marina''. Anisan' ny hazo voalohany namorona sy nameno ny [[ala honko]] izy ireo (miaraka amin' ny hazo madinika ao amin' ny antoko ''[[Sonneratia]]''). Mety hiaina fitomboana miadana amin' ny rano masira loatra ny honkofotsy, saingy mitombo amin' ny fomba feno ao anaty rano ifangaroan' ny [[ranomamy]] sy rano masira izy. Mahazaka hasira ambony ity karazana ity noho ny famoahany ny sira avy eo amin' ny raviny. Mahatanty saforan' ny rano masiran' ny ranomasina koa izy. Hazo tena miovaova endrika ny honkofotsy, misy endrika maro arakaraka ny karazana tontolo misy azy, ary manana endrika mitovitovy amin' ny karazana hafa ao amin' ny antoko ''[[Avicennia]]''. Voalaza fa mahazaka toetany mahery vaika, rivotra mahery, ary biby mpanimba sy aretina isan-karazany koa izy. Mpisava lalana amin' ny tany be fotaka manana pH eo anelanelan' ny 6,5 sy 8,0 ity karazana ity saingy tsy zakany ny aloka. == Famariparitana == [[Sary:Mature mangrove tree (Avicennia marina) at edge of Lake Be Malae.jpg|vignette|''Avicennia marina'' efa nahazo taona]] [[Hazobotry]] na [[hazo]] mahatratra halava 3 ka hatramin' ny 10 m (na hatramin' ny 14 m aza) any amin' ny faritra trôpikaly ny honkofotsy. Maro rantsana makitrola izy io. Malama sy miloko volondavennona mazava ny hodiny izay fitambarana takelaka manify sy henjana maro sady mora vaky. Mety hanopy fotsy koa izany hodiny izany, toetra izay asehon' ny iray amin' ny anarana ahafantarana azy (honkofotsy). === Ravina === [[Sary:Saltcrystals on avicennia marina var resinifera leaves.JPG|ankavia|vignette|314x314px|Ravina mamoaka sira]] Matevina ny raviny izay manana halava 5 hatramin' ny 8 sm sy maitso manjelanjelatra eo amin' ny lafiny ambony ary fotsy milokom-bolafotsy na volondavenona misy volo madinidinika kely eo amin' ny lafiny ambany. === Vony === [[Sary:Mangroves at Muzhappilangad101 (11).jpg|vignette|Vony]] Manomboka amin' ny fotsy ka hatramin' ny mavo mivolombolamena ny voniny izay manana halava latsaky ny 1 sm, ary mivondrona telo ka hatramin' ny dimy. === Voa === [[Sary:Mangrove - avicennia marina var resinifera fruit.JPG|ankavia|vignette|Voa]] Misy ravin-tsimoka lehibe izay manodidina ny taho vaovaon' ny zanak' ilay zavamaniry ny voany izay manome vihim-boa lehibe sy be nofony sady mitsimoka eny amin' ilay hazo ary milatsaka efa amin' ny endrika zana-kazo. === Faka === Toy ny karazana ''Avicennia'' hafa dia manana faka ivelan' ny tany izy ([[pnematôfôro]]), izay manana haavo 20 sm eo ho eo sy savaivo 1 sm. Tsy misy rivotra ny ao anaty fotaka masira, ka noho izany dia io pneatôfôro io no azon-drivotra rehefa iva ny ranomasina mba hahafahan' io hazo io mandray ôksizenina, izay tsy ampy eo amin' ny tany aniriany voajanahary. Ireo fakany ireo ihany koa no ihafarany fanaronan' ny ranomasina matetika eo amin' ny fanambany malemy eo amin' ny faritry ny [[Famonta sy aka|famonta]]. Manana faka lava izay mihazona ny fotaka sy ahafahan' ny antsanga vaovao hitoby ao ambadik' izany ny ''Avicennias marina''. == Fizaràna anatiny == Betsaka ny bôtanista no nanolotra ny fizaràna ny karazana, saingy amin' izao fotoana izao dia misy zana-karazana telo sy ovan-karazany iray no ekena: * ''Avicennias marina'' subsp. ''australasica'' <small>(Walp.) J.Everett</small> * ''Avicennias marina'' subsp. ''eucalyptifolia'' <small>(Valeton) J.Everett</small> * ''Avicennias marina'' subsp. ''marina'' * ''Avicennias marina'' var. ''rumphiana'' <small>(Hallier f.) Bakh.</small> (na ''Avicennia lanata'' <small>Ridl.</small>, ''Avicennia rumphiana'' <small>Hallier f.</small>) == Ekôlôjia == [[Sary:Avicennia marina - Nabq by Hatem Moushir 19.JPG|vignette|276x276px|''Avicennia marina'']] Tahaka ny [[honko]] hafa, dia manampy amin' ny fanamafisana ny antsanga sy ny moron-dranomasina ity karazana ity. Ny fakan' ity zavamaniry ity, ankoatry ny asan' ny fandavahana ataon' ny foza toy ny ''[[Uca vocans]]'', dia manome [[ôksizenina]] tsy mitsahana ny antsanga feno fotaka ary manova ny tsingerin' ny [[solifara]] sy ny [[karbônina]], ka manampy amin' ny biôsimin' ny [[solfiora]]. Fantatra fa maniry saika eo amin' ny hoditry ny ''Avicennia marina'' ihany ny [[savoronala]] ''Pyrenula dalmatioides'' hita any amin' ny faritra avaratr' i [[Zelandy Vaovao]]. == Fampiasana == == Jereo koa == * ''[[Avicennias]]'' * [[Honko]] * [[Ala honko]] * Afiafy () * Harongampanihy () * Honko () o9b4x2yko83herd3etnex7h02i3a5yr 1142542 1142541 2026-06-10T21:39:25Z Thelezifor 15140 Fampiasana 1142542 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Avicennia resinifera Coromandel 2005 fruits.JPG|vignette|''Avicennia marina'']] Ny '''''Avicennia marina''''' dia karazana [[zavamaniry mamony]] ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' araka ny fanasokajiana filôjenetika (na ''[[Verbenaceae]]'', na ''[[Avicenniaceae]]'' teo aloha). Izy io dia hazo anaty [[ala honko]] izay hita any [[Kaledônia-Vaovao|Nouvelle-Calédonie]], sy ao amin' ny morontsirak' i [[Afrika Atsinanana]], any [[Azia Atsimo]] sy [[Azia Atsimo-Atsinanana|Azia Atsimo Atsinanana]] ary koa any [[Aostralia]]. Amin' ny teny malagasy izy dia atao hoe '''afiafy''', '''hafiafy''', '''harongampanihy''', '''honko''', '''honkofotsy''', '''honkolahy''', '''mantsintay''', na '''mosotro'''. [[Sary:Avicennia marina (grey mangrove).JPG|vignette|300x300px|''Avicennia marina'' maniry anaty rano|ankavia]] == Faritra sy toerana ahitana azy == Any amin' ny ala honko any Azia Atsimo-Atsinanana dia maniry eny akaikin' ny ranomasina, amin' ny haabon' ny rano, ny ny ''Avicennia marina''. Anisan' ny hazo voalohany namorona sy nameno ny [[ala honko]] izy ireo (miaraka amin' ny hazo madinika ao amin' ny antoko ''[[Sonneratia]]''). Mety hiaina fitomboana miadana amin' ny rano masira loatra ny honkofotsy, saingy mitombo amin' ny fomba feno ao anaty rano ifangaroan' ny [[ranomamy]] sy rano masira izy. Mahazaka hasira ambony ity karazana ity noho ny famoahany ny sira avy eo amin' ny raviny. Mahatanty saforan' ny rano masiran' ny ranomasina koa izy. Hazo tena miovaova endrika ny honkofotsy, misy endrika maro arakaraka ny karazana tontolo misy azy, ary manana endrika mitovitovy amin' ny karazana hafa ao amin' ny antoko ''[[Avicennia]]''. Voalaza fa mahazaka toetany mahery vaika, rivotra mahery, ary biby mpanimba sy aretina isan-karazany koa izy. Mpisava lalana amin' ny tany be fotaka manana pH eo anelanelan' ny 6,5 sy 8,0 ity karazana ity saingy tsy zakany ny aloka. == Famariparitana == [[Hazobotry]] na [[hazo]] mahatratra halava 3 ka hatramin' ny 10 m (na hatramin' ny 14 m aza) any amin' ny faritra trôpikaly ny honkofotsy. Maro rantsana makitrola izy io. Malama sy miloko volondavennona mazava ny hodiny izay fitambarana takelaka manify sy henjana maro sady mora vaky. Mety hanopy fotsy koa izany hodiny izany, toetra izay asehon' ny iray amin' ny anarana ahafantarana azy (honkofotsy). === Ravina === [[Sary:Saltcrystals on avicennia marina var resinifera leaves.JPG|ankavia|vignette|314x314px|Ravina mamoaka sira]] Matevina ny raviny izay manana halava 5 hatramin' ny 8 sm sy maitso manjelanjelatra eo amin' ny lafiny ambony ary fotsy milokom-bolafotsy na volondavenona misy volo madinidinika kely eo amin' ny lafiny ambany. === Vony === [[Sary:Mangroves at Muzhappilangad101 (11).jpg|vignette|Vony]] Manomboka amin' ny fotsy ka hatramin' ny mavo mivolombolamena ny voniny izay manana halava latsaky ny 1 sm, ary mivondrona telo ka hatramin' ny dimy. === Voa === [[Sary:Mangrove - avicennia marina var resinifera fruit.JPG|ankavia|vignette|Voa]] Misy ravin-tsimoka lehibe izay manodidina ny taho vaovaon' ny zanak' ilay zavamaniry ny voany izay manome vihim-boa lehibe sy be nofony sady mitsimoka eny amin' ilay hazo ary milatsaka efa amin' ny endrika zana-kazo. === Faka === Toy ny karazana ''Avicennia'' hafa dia manana faka ivelan' ny tany izy ([[pnematôfôro]]), izay manana haavo 20 sm eo ho eo sy savaivo 1 sm. Tsy misy rivotra ny ao anaty fotaka masira, ka noho izany dia io pneatôfôro io no azon-drivotra rehefa iva ny ranomasina mba hahafahan' io hazo io mandray ôksizenina, izay tsy ampy eo amin' ny tany aniriany voajanahary. Ireo fakany ireo ihany koa no ihafarany fanaronan' ny ranomasina matetika eo amin' ny fanambany malemy eo amin' ny faritry ny [[Famonta sy aka|famonta]]. Manana faka lava izay mihazona ny fotaka sy ahafahan' ny antsanga vaovao hitoby ao ambadik' izany ny ''Avicennias marina''. == Fizaràna anatiny == Betsaka ny bôtanista no nanolotra ny fizaràna ny karazana, saingy amin' izao fotoana izao dia misy zana-karazana telo sy ovan-karazany iray no ekena: * ''Avicennias marina'' subsp. ''australasica'' <small>(Walp.) J.Everett</small> * ''Avicennias marina'' subsp. ''eucalyptifolia'' <small>(Valeton) J.Everett</small> * ''Avicennias marina'' subsp. ''marina'' * ''Avicennias marina'' var. ''rumphiana'' <small>(Hallier f.) Bakh.</small> (na ''Avicennia lanata'' <small>Ridl.</small>, ''Avicennia rumphiana'' <small>Hallier f.</small>) == Ekôlôjia == [[Sary:Avicennia marina - Nabq by Hatem Moushir 19.JPG|vignette|276x276px|''Avicennia marina'']] Tahaka ny [[honko]] hafa, dia manampy amin' ny fanamafisana ny antsanga sy ny moron-dranomasina ity karazana ity. Ny fakan' ity zavamaniry ity, ankoatry ny asan' ny fandavahana ataon' ny foza toy ny ''[[Uca vocans]]'', dia manome [[ôksizenina]] tsy mitsahana ny antsanga feno fotaka ary manova ny tsingerin' ny [[solifara]] sy ny [[karbônina]], ka manampy amin' ny biôsimin' ny [[solfiora]]. Fantatra fa maniry saika eo amin' ny hoditry ny ''Avicennia marina'' ihany ny [[savoronala]] ''Pyrenula dalmatioides'' hita any amin' ny faritra avaratr' i [[Zelandy Vaovao]]. == Fampiasana == Ampiasana amin' ny sehatra isan-karazany ny ''Avicennia marina'': amin' ny fitsaboana nentim-paharazana, amin' ny fanorenana sy ny angovo, amin' ny fiarovana ny tontolo iainana, sy ny maro hafa. === Fitsaboana nentim-paharazana sy farmakôlôjia === Eto [[Madagasikara]], ny ravina notanehina dia ampiasaina ho [[Ody poizina|ody]] [[Ody poizina|poizina]] aorian' ny fihinanana trondro misy poizina. Apetaka amin' ny hoditra azon' ny [[hatina]] sy [[habokana]] ny hodiny sy ny raviny notanehina (indrindra fa any [[Iràna]])<ref name=":0"><small>"[https://prota.prota4u.org/protav8.asp?fr=1&g=pe&p=Avicennia+marina+(Forssk.)+Vierh. Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh.]", ''prota.prota4u.org''</small></ref>. Manampy amin' ny famoahana ny [[tavony]] aorian' ny fiterahana ary mitsabo ny kaikitry ny bibilava ny dity avy amin' ny hodiny<ref name=":0" />. Mampitony ny [[areti-nify]] ny raviny, fa ny hodiny na ny voany nalona dia ampiasaina hitsaboana ny [[rohana]], ny [[valan-dra]], ny [[nendra]] ary ny [[fery]] ao amin' ny [[Fitaovam-pandevonan-kanina|taovam-pandevonan-kanina]]. Ny fanadihadiana navoaka tao amin' ny PubMed Central (PMC) dia manasongadina ny fananany toetra [[antiôksida]] sy mamono [[bakteria]] ary ny fisian' ny môlekiôla mahaliana ao aminy ([[flavônôida]], [[naftôkinôna]]) izay mampiseho fiasa azo iadiana amin' ny [[homamiadana]]<ref><small>"[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9787599/ Natural Products from Mangroves: An Overview of the Anticancer Potential of Avicennia marina]", ''pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov''</small></ref>.Mamoaka setroka izay tena mandaitra amin' ny fandroahana moka ny fandoroana ny hazony na raviny maina<ref name=":0" />. === Fanorenana sy angovo === [[Sary:Mature mangrove tree (Avicennia marina) at edge of Lake Be Malae.jpg|vignette|''Avicennia marina'' efa nahazo taona]]Mavesatra sy matevina ary matanjaka ny hazon' ny ''Avicennia marina''<ref name=":0" />. Ampiasaina ho tsatokazo amin' ny fanorenana trano<ref name=":1"><small>"[https://medicinalplants.doh.gov.ae/en/Encyclopedia-of-medicine-plant-of-UAE/Avicennia-marina Avicennia marina]", ''medicinalplants.doh.gov.ae''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://openscience.fr/IMG/pdf/iste_std24v4n1_12.pdf Dynamisme de croissance de ''Avicennia Marina'' pour la restauration de la zone dégradée dans la nouvelle aire protégée Bombetoka Belemboka, cas de Morahariva et Amboanio Mahajanga Madagascar]" (PDF), ''openscience.fr''</small></ref>, hanamboarana fefy, hanamboarana sambo io hazo io<ref name=":0" />. Azo atao [[kitay]] sy [[arina]] ho an' ny mponina amorontsiraka koa izy io. Ampiasaina amin' ny famanana lafaoron-tsokay nentim-paharazana ny hafanany<ref name=":1" />. === Sakafo sy fiompiana === Loharanon-tsakafo sarobidy ho an' ny biby fiompy, indrindra fa ny rameva sy ny osy any amin' ny faritra maina, ny raviny sy ny rantsany tanora, izay be sira<ref name=":0" />. Hanin' ny mponina amin' ny faritra aniriany mandritra ny fotoanan' ny mosary ny [[ravin-tsimoka]] amin' ny vihim-boa, na dia mila fiomanana amim-pitandremana tsara aza izy ireo noho ny mety ho fisian' ny poizina. Azo angonina koa ny sira mivoaka amin' ny hirika amin' ny raviny<ref name=":0" /><ref><small>"[https://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Avicennia+marina Avicennia marina]", ''tropical.theferns.info''</small></ref>. Mamokatra [[Maminy (amin' ny zavamaniry)|mamimbony]] tena tsara izay tadiavina amin' ny famokarana ara-barotra tantely honko ny voniny mamerovero<ref name=":1" />. === Asa tanana === Ny rantsany misy ravina dia azo ampiasaina amin' ny fanaovana valan-trondro (atao hoe ''kraals''). Ny hodiny, na dia tysy be taninina aza, dia ampiasaina amin' ny fandomana hoditra na fandokoana lamba amin' ny loko volontany sy mena<ref name=":0" />. === Anjara asa eo amin' ny tontolo iainana === Ankoatra ny fitrandrahana mivantana azy, dia tena ilaina amin' ny [[rohivoary]] amorontsiraka ity karazana ity. Ny fakany sy ny pnematôfôro dia mitazona ny fotaka tsy hihetsika, mampitony ny morontsiraka tratran' ny onja, ary miaro amin' ny rivotra. Misivana ny antsanga avy ety an-tanety ary manome fialofana ho an' ny zana-trondro sy ny drakaka, ny patsa sy ny sisa ny fakany maro<ref><small>"[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352485525006851 Gray mangrove (''Avicennia marina''): Ecological resilience, cultural heritage, and sustainable conservation in the arid arab region]", ''www.sciencedirect.com''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://shs.cairn.info/les-littoraux--9782200249267-page-100?lang=fr 5. Les marais maritimes]", ''shs.cairn.info''</small></ref>. == Jereo koa == * ''[[Avicennias]]'' * [[Honko]] * [[Ala honko]] * [[Afiafy]] (''Avicennia marina'' <small>(Forsk.) Vierh.</small>; ''[[Celtis gomphophylla]]'' <small>Baker</small>) * [[Harongampanihy]] (''Avicennia marina'' <small>(Forssk.) Vierh.</small>; ''[[Premna corymbosa]]'' <small>(Burm. f.) Rottler & Willd.</small>; ''[[Psorospermum amplifolium]]'' <small>Tul.</small>, ''[[Psorospermum androsaemifolium]]'' <small>Baker</small>; ''[[Psorospermum bullatum]]'' <small>H.Perrier</small>; ''[[Psorospermum cerasifolium]]'' <small>Baker</small>; ''[[Psorospermum chionanthifolium]]'' <small>Spach</small>.; ''[[Psorospermum molluscum]]'' <small>(Pers.) Hochr.</small>; ''[[Sarcolaena multiflora]]'' <small>Thouars</small>; ''[[Vitex]]'' sp.) * [[Honko]] (''Avicennia marina'' <small>(Forssk.) Vierh.</small>; ''[[Rhizophora mucronata]]'' <small>Lam.</small>)* == Loharano == glapr05vk2uiyxoi438be5kxvmj1tie 1142583 1142542 2026-06-11T04:30:14Z ~2026-34466-18 39967 Nanitsy tsipelina 1142583 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Avicennia resinifera Coromandel 2005 fruits.JPG|vignette|''Avicennia marina'']] Ny '''''Avicennia marina''''' dia karazana [[zavamaniry mamony]] ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' araka ny fanasokajiana filôjenetika (na ''[[Verbenaceae]]'', na ''[[Avicenniaceae]]'' teo aloha). Izy io dia hazo anaty [[ala honko]] izay hita any [[Kaledônia-Vaovao|Nouvelle-Calédonie]], sy ao amin' ny morontsirak' i [[Afrika Atsinanana]], any [[Azia Atsimo]] sy [[Azia Atsimo-Atsinanana|Azia Atsimo Atsinanana]] ary koa any [[Aostralia]]. Amin' ny teny malagasy izy dia atao hoe '''afiafy''', '''hafiafy''', '''harongampanihy''', '''honko''', '''honkofotsy''', '''honkolahy''', '''mantsintay''', na '''mosotro'''. [[Sary:Avicennia marina (grey mangrove).JPG|vignette|300x300px|''Avicennia marina'' maniry anaty rano|ankavia]] == Faritra sy toerana ahitana azy == Any amin' ny ala honko any Azia Atsimo-Atsinanana dia maniry eny akaikin' ny ranomasina, amin' ny haabon' ny rano, ny ny ''Avicennia marina''. Anisan' ny hazo voalohany namorona sy nameno ny [[ala honko]] izy ireo (miaraka amin' ny hazo madinika ao amin' ny antoko ''[[Sonneratia]]''). Mety hiaina fitomboana miadana amin' ny rano masira loatra ny honkofotsy, saingy mitombo amin' ny fomba feno ao anaty rano ifangaroan' ny [[ranomamy]] sy rano masira izy. Mahazaka hasira ambony ity karazana ity noho ny famoahany ny sira avy eo amin' ny raviny. Mahatanty saforan' ny rano masiran' ny ranomasina koa izy. Hazo tena miovaova endrika ny honkofotsy, misy endrika maro arakaraka ny karazana tontolo misy azy, ary manana endrika mitovitovy amin' ny karazana hafa ao amin' ny antoko ''[[Avicennia]]''. Voalaza fa mahazaka toetany mahery vaika, rivotra mahery, ary biby mpanimba sy aretina isan-karazany koa izy. Mpisava lalana amin' ny tany be fotaka manana pH eo anelanelan' ny 6,5 sy 8,0 ity karazana ity saingy tsy zakany ny aloka. == Famariparitana == [[Hazobotry]] na [[hazo]] mahatratra halava 3 ka hatramin' ny 10 m (na hatramin' ny 14 m aza) any amin' ny faritra trôpikaly ny honkofotsy. Maro rantsana makitrola izy io. Malama sy miloko volondavennona mazava ny hodiny izay fitambarana takelaka manify sy henjana maro sady mora vaky. Mety hanopy fotsy koa izany hodiny izany, toetra izay asehon' ny iray amin' ny anarana ahafantarana azy (honkofotsy). === Ravina === [[Sary:Saltcrystals on avicennia marina var resinifera leaves.JPG|ankavia|vignette|314x314px|Ravina mamoaka sira]] Matevina ny raviny izay manana halava 5 hatramin' ny 8 sm sy maitso manjelanjelatra eo amin' ny lafiny ambony ary fotsy milokom-bolafotsy na volondavenona misy volo madinidinika kely eo amin' ny lafiny ambany. === Vony === [[Sary:Mangroves at Muzhappilangad101 (11).jpg|vignette|Vony]] Manomboka amin' ny fotsy ka hatramin' ny mavo mivolombolamena ny voniny izay manana halava latsaky ny 1 sm, ary mivondrona telo ka hatramin' ny dimy. === Voa === [[Sary:Mangrove - avicennia marina var resinifera fruit.JPG|ankavia|vignette|Voa]] Misy ravin-tsimoka lehibe izay manodidina ny taho vaovaon' ny zanak' ilay zavamaniry ny voany izay manome vihim-boa lehibe sy be nofony sady mitsimoka eny amin' ilay hazo ary milatsaka efa amin' ny endrika zana-kazo. === Faka === Toy ny karazana ''Avicennia'' hafa dia manana faka ivelan' ny tany izy ([[pnematôfôro]]), izay manana haavo 20 sm eo ho eo sy savaivo 1 sm. Tsy misy rivotra ny ao anaty fotaka masira, ka noho izany dia io pneatôfôro io no azon-drivotra rehefa iva ny ranomasina mba hahafahan' io hazo io mandray ôksizenina, izay tsy ampy eo amin' ny tany aniriany voajanahary. Ireo fakany ireo ihany koa no ihafarany rehefa tonga ny fanaronan' ny ranomasina matetika tony fanambany malemy eo amin' ny faritry ny [[Famonta sy aka|famonta]]. Manana faka lava izay mihazona ny fotaka sy ahafahan' ny antsanga vaovao hitoby ao ambadik' izany ny ''Avicennias marina''. == Fizaràna anatiny == Betsaka ny bôtanista no nanolotra ny fizaràna ny karazana, saingy amin' izao fotoana izao dia misy zana-karazana telo sy ovan-karazany iray no ekena: * ''Avicennias marina'' subsp. ''australasica'' <small>(Walp.) J.Everett</small> * ''Avicennias marina'' subsp. ''eucalyptifolia'' <small>(Valeton) J.Everett</small> * ''Avicennias marina'' subsp. ''marina'' * ''Avicennias marina'' var. ''rumphiana'' <small>(Hallier f.) Bakh.</small> (na ''Avicennia lanata'' <small>Ridl.</small>, ''Avicennia rumphiana'' <small>Hallier f.</small>) == Ekôlôjia == [[Sary:Avicennia marina - Nabq by Hatem Moushir 19.JPG|vignette|276x276px|''Avicennia marina'']] Tahaka ny [[honko]] hafa, dia manampy amin' ny fanamafisana ny antsanga sy ny moron-dranomasina ity karazana ity. Ny fakan' ity zavamaniry ity, ankoatry ny asan' ny fandavahana ataon' ny foza toy ny ''[[Uca vocans]]'', dia manome [[ôksizenina]] tsy mitsahana ny antsanga feno fotaka ary manova ny tsingerin' ny [[solifara]] sy ny [[karbônina]], ka manampy amin' ny biôsimin' ny [[solfiora]]. Fantatra fa maniry saika eo amin' ny hoditry ny ''Avicennia marina'' ihany ny [[savoronala]] ''Pyrenula dalmatioides'' hita any amin' ny faritra avaratr' i [[Zelandy Vaovao]]. == Fampiasana == Ampiasana amin' ny sehatra isan-karazany ny ''Avicennia marina'': amin' ny fitsaboana nentim-paharazana, amin' ny fanorenana sy ny angovo, amin' ny fiarovana ny tontolo iainana, sy ny maro hafa. === Fitsaboana nentim-paharazana sy farmakôlôjia === Eto [[Madagasikara]], ny ravina notanehina dia ampiasaina ho [[Ody poizina]] aorian' ny fihinanana trondro misy poizina. Apetaka amin' ny hoditra azon' ny [[hatina]] na [[habokana]] ny hodiny sy ny raviny notanehina (indrindra fa any [[Iràna]])<ref name=":0"><small>"[https://prota.prota4u.org/protav8.asp?fr=1&g=pe&p=Avicennia+marina+(Forssk.)+Vierh. Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh.]", ''prota.prota4u.org''</small></ref>. Manampy amin' ny famoahana ny [[tavony]] aorian' ny fiterahana ary mitsabo ny kaikitry ny bibilava ny dity avy amin' ny hodiny<ref name=":0" />. Mampitony ny [[areti-nify]] ny raviny, fa ny hodiny na ny voany nalona dia ampiasaina hitsaboana ny se [[rohana]], ny [[valan-dra]], ny [[nendra]] ary ny [[fery]] ao amin' ny [[Fitaovam-pandevonan-kanina|taovam-pandevonan-kanina]]. Ny fanadihadiana navoaka tao amin' ny PubMed Central (PMC) dia manasongadina ny fananany toetra [[antiôksida]] sy mamono [[bakteria]] ary ny fisian' ny môlekiôla mahaliana ao aminy ([[flavônôida]], [[naftôkinôna]]) izay mampiseho fiasa azo iadiana amin' ny [[homamiadana]]<ref><small>"[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9787599/ Natural Products from Mangroves: An Overview of the Anticancer Potential of Avicennia marina]", ''pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov''</small></ref>.Mamoaka setroka izay tena mandaitra amin' ny fandroahana moka ny fandoroana ny hazony na raviny maina<ref name=":0" />. === Fanorenana sy angovo === [[Sary:Mature mangrove tree (Avicennia marina) at edge of Lake Be Malae.jpg|vignette|''Avicennia marina'' efa nahazo taona]]Mavesatra sy matevina ary matanjaka ny hazon' ny ''Avicennia marina''<ref name=":0" />. Ampiasaina ho rafitra hazo mandritra ny fanorenana trano<ref name=":1"><small>"[https://medicinalplants.doh.gov.ae/en/Encyclopedia-of-medicine-plant-of-UAE/Avicennia-marina Avicennia marina]", ''medicinalplants.doh.gov.ae''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://openscience.fr/IMG/pdf/iste_std24v4n1_12.pdf Dynamisme de croissance de ''Avicennia Marina'' pour la restauration de la zone dégradée dans la nouvelle aire protégée Bombetoka Belemboka, cas de Morahariva et Amboanio Mahajanga Madagascar]" (PDF), ''openscience.fr''</small></ref>, anamboarana fefy, anamboarana sambo io zavamaniry io<ref name=":0" />. Azo atao [[kitay]] sy [[arina]] ho an' ny mponina amorontsiraka koa izy io. Ampiasaina amin' ny famanana lafaoron-tsokay nentim-paharazana ny hafanany<ref name=":1" />. === Sakafo sy fiompiana === Loharanon-tsakafo sarobidy ho an' ny biby fiompy, indrindra fa ny [[rameva]] sy ny [[osy]] any amin' ny faritra maina, ny raviny sy ny rantsany tanora, izay be sira<ref name=":0" />. Hanin' ny mponina amin' ny faritra aniriany mandritra ny mosary ny [[ravin-tsimoka]] amin' ny vihim-boa, na dia mila fikarakarana amim-pitandremana tsara aza izany noho ny mety ho fisian' ny poizina. Azo angonina koa ny sira mivoaka amin' ny hirika amin' ny raviny<ref name=":0" /><ref><small>"[https://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Avicennia+marina Avicennia marina]", ''tropical.theferns.info''</small></ref>. Mamokatra [[Maminy (amin' ny zavamaniry)|mamimbony]] tena tsara izay ilaina amin' ny famokarana ara-barotra tantely honko ny voniny mamerovero<ref name=":1" />. === Asa tanana === Ny rantsany misy ravina dia azo ampiasaina amin' ny fanaovana valan-trondro (atao hoe ''kraals''). Ny hodiny, na dia tsy be taninina aza, dia ampiasaina amin' ny fandomana hoditra na fandokoana lamba amin' ny loko volontany sy mena<ref name=":0" />. === Anjara asa eo amin' ny tontolo iainana === Ankoatra ny fitrandrahana mivantana azy, dia tena ilaina amin' ny [[rohivoary]] amorontsiraka ity karazana ity. Ny fakany sy ny pnematôfôro dia mitazona ny fotaka tsy hihetsika, mampitony ny morontsiraka tratran' ny onja, ary miaro amin' ny rivotra. Misivana ny antsanga avy ety an-tanety ary manome fialofana ho an' ny zana-trondro sy ny drakaka, ny patsa sy ny sisa ny fakany maro<ref><small>"[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352485525006851 Gray mangrove (''Avicennia marina''): Ecological resilience, cultural heritage, and sustainable conservation in the arid arab region]", ''www.sciencedirect.com''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://shs.cairn.info/les-littoraux--9782200249267-page-100?lang=fr 5. Les marais maritimes]", ''shs.cairn.info''</small></ref>. == Jereo koa == * ''[[Avicennias]]'' * [[Honko]] * [[Ala honko]] * [[Afiafy]] (''Avicennia marina'' <small>(Forsk.) Vierh.</small>; ''[[Celtis gomphophylla]]'' <small>Baker</small>) * [[Harongampanihy]] (''Avicennia marina'' <small>(Forssk.) Vierh.</small>; ''[[Premna corymbosa]]'' <small>(Burm. f.) Rottler & Willd.</small>; ''[[Psorospermum amplifolium]]'' <small>Tul.</small>, ''[[Psorospermum androsaemifolium]]'' <small>Baker</small>; ''[[Psorospermum bullatum]]'' <small>H.Perrier</small>; ''[[Psorospermum cerasifolium]]'' <small>Baker</small>; ''[[Psorospermum chionanthifolium]]'' <small>Spach</small>.; ''[[Psorospermum molluscum]]'' <small>(Pers.) Hochr.</small>; ''[[Sarcolaena multiflora]]'' <small>Thouars</small>; ''[[Vitex]]'' sp.) * [[Honko]] (''Avicennia marina'' <small>(Forssk.) Vierh.</small>; ''[[Rhizophora mucronata]]'' <small>Lam.</small>)* == Loharano == tjmnhcckymaucfb1qgk0nq9kxaa6dag 1142592 1142583 2026-06-11T07:49:22Z Thelezifor 15140 Nanampy sary 1142592 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Avicennia resinifera Coromandel 2005 fruits.JPG|vignette|''Avicennia marina'']] Ny '''''Avicennia marina''''' dia karazana [[zavamaniry mamony]] ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' araka ny fanasokajiana filôjenetika (na ''[[Verbenaceae]]'', na ''[[Avicenniaceae]]'' teo aloha). Izy io dia hazo anaty [[ala honko]] izay hita any [[Kaledônia-Vaovao|Nouvelle-Calédonie]], sy ao amin' ny morontsirak' i [[Afrika Atsinanana]], any [[Azia Atsimo]] sy [[Azia Atsimo-Atsinanana|Azia Atsimo Atsinanana]] ary koa any [[Aostralia]]. Amin' ny teny malagasy izy dia atao hoe '''afiafy''', '''hafiafy''', '''harongampanihy''', '''honko''', '''honkofotsy''', '''honkolahy''', '''mantsintay''', na '''mosotro'''. [[Sary:Avicennia marina (grey mangrove).JPG|vignette|300x300px|''Avicennia marina'' maniry anaty rano|ankavia]] == Faritra sy toerana ahitana azy == Any amin' ny ala honko any Azia Atsimo-Atsinanana dia maniry eny akaikin' ny ranomasina, amin' ny haabon' ny rano, ny ny ''Avicennia marina''. Anisan' ny hazo voalohany namorona sy nameno ny [[ala honko]] izy ireo (miaraka amin' ny hazo madinika ao amin' ny antoko ''[[Sonneratia]]''). Mety hiaina fitomboana miadana amin' ny rano masira loatra ny honkofotsy, saingy mitombo amin' ny fomba feno ao anaty rano ifangaroan' ny [[ranomamy]] sy rano masira izy. Mahazaka hasira ambony ity karazana ity noho ny famoahany ny sira avy eo amin' ny raviny. Mahatanty saforan' ny rano masiran' ny ranomasina koa izy. Hazo tena miovaova endrika ny honkofotsy, misy endrika maro arakaraka ny karazana tontolo misy azy, ary manana endrika mitovitovy amin' ny karazana hafa ao amin' ny antoko ''[[Avicennia]]''. Voalaza fa mahazaka toetany mahery vaika, rivotra mahery, ary biby mpanimba sy aretina isan-karazany koa izy. Mpisava lalana amin' ny tany be fotaka manana pH eo anelanelan' ny 6,5 sy 8,0 ity karazana ity saingy tsy zakany ny aloka. == Famariparitana == [[Hazobotry]] na [[hazo]] mahatratra halava 3 ka hatramin' ny 10 m (na hatramin' ny 14 m aza) any amin' ny faritra trôpikaly ny honkofotsy. Maro rantsana makitrola izy io. Malama sy miloko volondavennona mazava ny hodiny izay fitambarana takelaka manify sy henjana maro sady mora vaky. Mety hanopy fotsy koa izany hodiny izany, toetra izay asehon' ny iray amin' ny anarana ahafantarana azy (honkofotsy). === Ravina === [[Sary:Saltcrystals on avicennia marina var resinifera leaves.JPG|ankavia|vignette|269x269px|Ravina mamoaka sira]] Matevina ny raviny izay manana halava 5 hatramin' ny 8 sm sy maitso manjelanjelatra eo amin' ny lafiny ambony ary fotsy milokom-bolafotsy na volondavenona misy volo madinidinika kely eo amin' ny lafiny ambany. === Vony === [[Sary:Mangroves at Muzhappilangad101 (11).jpg|vignette|Vony]] Manomboka amin' ny fotsy ka hatramin' ny mavo mivolombolamena ny voniny izay manana halava latsaky ny 1 sm, ary mivondrona telo ka hatramin' ny dimy. === Voa === [[Sary:Mangrove - avicennia marina var resinifera fruit.JPG|ankavia|vignette|Voa]] [[Sary:One week old Mangarove, Qatif, Saudi Arabia, Late August 2020 2 (cropped).jpg|vignette|215x215px|Vihim-boan' ny ''Avicennia'' ]] Misy ravin-tsimoka lehibe izay manodidina ny taho vaovaon' ny zanak' ilay zavamaniry ny voany izay manome vihim-boa lehibe sy be nofony sady mitsimoka eny amin' ilay hazo ary milatsaka efa amin' ny endrika zana-kazo. === Faka === [[Sary:Pneumatophores.svg|vignette|310x310px|Kisary maneho ny fakan' ny karazana honko]] [[Sary:Pneumatophore overkill - grey mangrove.JPG|ankavia|vignette|Pnematôfôron' ny ''Avicennias marina'']] Toy ny karazana ''Avicennia'' hafa dia manana faka ivelan' ny tany izy ([[pnematôfôro]]), izay manana haavo 20 sm eo ho eo sy savaivo 1 sm. Tsy misy rivotra ny ao anaty fotaka masira, ka noho izany dia io pneatôfôro io no azon-drivotra rehefa iva ny ranomasina mba hahafahan' io hazo io mandray ôksizenina, izay tsy ampy eo amin' ny tany aniriany voajanahary. Ireo fakany ireo ihany koa no ihafarany rehefa tonga ny fanaronan' ny ranomasina matetika tony fanambany malemy eo amin' ny faritry ny [[Famonta sy aka|famonta]]. Manana faka lava izay mihazona ny fotaka sy ahafahan' ny antsanga vaovao hitoby ao ambadik' izany ny ''Avicennias marina''. == Fizaràna anatiny == Betsaka ny bôtanista no nanolotra ny fizaràna ny karazana, saingy amin' izao fotoana izao dia misy zana-karazana telo sy ovan-karazany iray no ekena: * ''Avicennias marina'' subsp. ''australasica'' <small>(Walp.) J.Everett</small> * ''Avicennias marina'' subsp. ''eucalyptifolia'' <small>(Valeton) J.Everett</small> * ''Avicennias marina'' subsp. ''marina'' * ''Avicennias marina'' var. ''rumphiana'' <small>(Hallier f.) Bakh.</small> (na ''Avicennia lanata'' <small>Ridl.</small>, ''Avicennia rumphiana'' <small>Hallier f.</small>) == Ekôlôjia == [[Sary:Avicennia marina - Nabq by Hatem Moushir 19.JPG|vignette|276x276px|''Avicennia marina'']] Tahaka ny [[honko]] hafa, dia manampy amin' ny fanamafisana ny antsanga sy ny moron-dranomasina ity karazana ity. Ny fakan' ity zavamaniry ity, ankoatry ny asan' ny fandavahana ataon' ny foza toy ny ''[[Uca vocans]]'', dia manome [[ôksizenina]] tsy mitsahana ny antsanga feno fotaka ary manova ny tsingerin' ny [[solifara]] sy ny [[karbônina]], ka manampy amin' ny biôsimin' ny [[solfiora]]. Fantatra fa maniry saika eo amin' ny hoditry ny ''Avicennia marina'' ihany ny [[savoronala]] ''Pyrenula dalmatioides'' hita any amin' ny faritra avaratr' i [[Zelandy Vaovao]]. == Fampiasana == Ampiasana amin' ny sehatra isan-karazany ny ''Avicennia marina'': amin' ny fitsaboana nentim-paharazana, amin' ny fanorenana sy ny angovo, amin' ny fiarovana ny tontolo iainana, sy ny maro hafa. === Fitsaboana nentim-paharazana sy farmakôlôjia === Eto [[Madagasikara]], ny ravina notanehina dia ampiasaina ho [[Ody poizina]] aorian' ny fihinanana trondro misy poizina. Apetaka amin' ny hoditra azon' ny [[hatina]] na [[habokana]] ny hodiny sy ny raviny notanehina (indrindra fa any [[Iràna]])<ref name=":0"><small>"[https://prota.prota4u.org/protav8.asp?fr=1&g=pe&p=Avicennia+marina+(Forssk.)+Vierh. Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh.]", ''prota.prota4u.org''</small></ref>. Manampy amin' ny famoahana ny [[tavony]] aorian' ny fiterahana ary mitsabo ny kaikitry ny bibilava ny dity avy amin' ny hodiny<ref name=":0" />. Mampitony ny [[areti-nify]] ny raviny, fa ny hodiny na ny voany nalona dia ampiasaina hitsaboana ny se [[rohana]], ny [[valan-dra]], ny [[nendra]] ary ny [[fery]] ao amin' ny [[Fitaovam-pandevonan-kanina|taovam-pandevonan-kanina]]. Ny fanadihadiana navoaka tao amin' ny PubMed Central (PMC) dia manasongadina ny fananany toetra [[antiôksida]] sy mamono [[bakteria]] ary ny fisian' ny môlekiôla mahaliana ao aminy ([[flavônôida]], [[naftôkinôna]]) izay mampiseho fiasa azo iadiana amin' ny [[homamiadana]]<ref><small>"[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9787599/ Natural Products from Mangroves: An Overview of the Anticancer Potential of Avicennia marina]", ''pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov''</small></ref>.Mamoaka setroka izay tena mandaitra amin' ny fandroahana moka ny fandoroana ny hazony na raviny maina<ref name=":0" />. === Fanorenana sy angovo === [[Sary:Mature mangrove tree (Avicennia marina) at edge of Lake Be Malae.jpg|vignette|''Avicennia marina'' efa nahazo taona]]Mavesatra sy matevina ary matanjaka ny hazon' ny ''Avicennia marina''<ref name=":0" />. Ampiasaina ho rafitra hazo mandritra ny fanorenana trano<ref name=":1"><small>"[https://medicinalplants.doh.gov.ae/en/Encyclopedia-of-medicine-plant-of-UAE/Avicennia-marina Avicennia marina]", ''medicinalplants.doh.gov.ae''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://openscience.fr/IMG/pdf/iste_std24v4n1_12.pdf Dynamisme de croissance de ''Avicennia Marina'' pour la restauration de la zone dégradée dans la nouvelle aire protégée Bombetoka Belemboka, cas de Morahariva et Amboanio Mahajanga Madagascar]" (PDF), ''openscience.fr''</small></ref>, anamboarana fefy, anamboarana sambo io zavamaniry io<ref name=":0" />. Azo atao [[kitay]] sy [[arina]] ho an' ny mponina amorontsiraka koa izy io. Ampiasaina amin' ny famanana lafaoron-tsokay nentim-paharazana ny hafanany<ref name=":1" />. === Sakafo sy fiompiana === Loharanon-tsakafo sarobidy ho an' ny biby fiompy, indrindra fa ny [[rameva]] sy ny [[osy]] any amin' ny faritra maina, ny raviny sy ny rantsany tanora, izay be sira<ref name=":0" />. Hanin' ny mponina amin' ny faritra aniriany mandritra ny mosary ny [[ravin-tsimoka]] amin' ny vihim-boa, na dia mila fikarakarana amim-pitandremana tsara aza izany noho ny mety ho fisian' ny poizina. Azo angonina koa ny sira mivoaka amin' ny hirika amin' ny raviny<ref name=":0" /><ref><small>"[https://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Avicennia+marina Avicennia marina]", ''tropical.theferns.info''</small></ref>. Mamokatra [[Maminy (amin' ny zavamaniry)|mamimbony]] tena tsara izay ilaina amin' ny famokarana ara-barotra tantely honko ny voniny mamerovero<ref name=":1" />. === Asa tanana === Ny rantsany misy ravina dia azo ampiasaina amin' ny fanaovana valan-trondro (atao hoe ''kraals''). Ny hodiny, na dia tsy be taninina aza, dia ampiasaina amin' ny fandomana hoditra na fandokoana lamba amin' ny loko volontany sy mena<ref name=":0" />. === Anjara asa eo amin' ny tontolo iainana === Ankoatra ny fitrandrahana mivantana azy, dia tena ilaina amin' ny [[rohivoary]] amorontsiraka ity karazana ity. Ny fakany sy ny pnematôfôro dia mitazona ny fotaka tsy hihetsika, mampitony ny morontsiraka tratran' ny onja, ary miaro amin' ny rivotra. Misivana ny antsanga avy ety an-tanety ary manome fialofana ho an' ny zana-trondro sy ny drakaka, ny patsa sy ny sisa ny fakany maro<ref><small>"[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352485525006851 Gray mangrove (''Avicennia marina''): Ecological resilience, cultural heritage, and sustainable conservation in the arid arab region]", ''www.sciencedirect.com''</small></ref><ref><small>"[https://shs.cairn.info/les-littoraux--9782200249267-page-100?lang=fr 5. Les marais maritimes]", ''shs.cairn.info''</small></ref>. == Jereo koa == * ''[[Avicennia]]'' * [[Ala honko]] * [[Honko]] (''Avicennia marina'' <small>(Forssk.) Vierh.</small>; ''[[Rhizophora mucronata]]'' <small>Lam.</small>) * [[Afiafy]] (''Avicennia marina'' <small>(Forsk.) Vierh.</small>; ''[[Celtis gomphophylla]]'' <small>Baker</small>) * [[Harongampanihy]] (''Avicennia marina'' <small>(Forssk.) Vierh.</small>; ''[[Premna corymbosa]]'' <small>(Burm. f.) Rottler & Willd.</small>; ''[[Psorospermum amplifolium]]'' <small>Tul.</small>, ''[[Psorospermum androsaemifolium]]'' <small>Baker</small>; ''[[Psorospermum bullatum]]'' <small>H.Perrier</small>; ''[[Psorospermum cerasifolium]]'' <small>Baker</small>; ''[[Psorospermum chionanthifolium]]'' <small>Spach</small>.; ''[[Psorospermum molluscum]]'' <small>(Pers.) Hochr.</small>; ''[[Sarcolaena multiflora]]'' <small>Thouars</small>; ''[[Vitex]]'' sp.) == Loharano == l5tjke15yomc5n0st3vcpg6xid155u2 0 300485 1142537 2026-06-10T18:50:52Z Inst-Prométhée 39961 Noforonina tamin'ny alalan'ny fandikana an'i "[[:fr:Special:Redirect/revision/235156841|Institut Montaigne]]" 1142537 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Organisation2|logo=Logo-institut-montaigne-2023.png|taille logo=220|légende logo=Logo de l'Institut Montaigne.|domaine=Généraliste|financement=Privé|méthode=Lobbying|fondateur=Claude Bébéar|budget=7 280 000 € (2021)|publications=Notes, études, rapports et événements}}Ny '''Institut Montaigne''' dia ''vondrona mpandinika'' [[Frantsa|frantsay]] izay manohana ny fomba fijery [[Liberalisma|liberaly]] <ref>{{Cite journal |last= |date=06-04-2012 |title=Le CSA fait retirer des publicités trop sarkozystes |url=http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/politique/l-oeil-de-nabil/20120406.OBS5701/info-obs-le-csa-fait-retirer-des-publicites-trop-sarkozystes.html |journal=L'Obs |language=fr |page=}}.</ref> , <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Jean-Louis Dell'Oro |date=08-12-2016 |title=Un think tank libéral se cache-t-il derrière les candidatures Macron et Fillon ? |url=https://www.challenges.fr/election-presidentielle-2017/un-think-tank-liberal-se-cache-t-il-derriere-les-candidatures-macron-et-fillon_441901 |website=challenges.fr |language=fr}}.</ref> , <ref>{{Cite journal |last=[[Marie Charrel]] |date=27-03-2017 |title=L’Institut Montaigne plaide pour un renforcement de la zone euro |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2017/03/27/l-institut-montaigne-plaide-pour-un-renforcement-de-la-zone-euro_5101254_3234.html |journal=Le Monde |language=fr |page=}}.</ref> . Niorina tamin'ny [[2000|taona 2000]] nataon'ny mpandraharaha Claude Bébéar, ary vatsian'ny orinasa lehibe maromaro <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jérôme Lefilliâtre |date=9 janvier 2021 |title=L'Institut Montaigne, la très riche boîte à idées de la macronie |url=https://www.liberation.fr/france/2021/01/09/l-institut-montaigne-la-tres-riche-boite-a-idees-de-la-macronie_1810190/ |website=Libération}}.</ref> , <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Grégory Rzepski |date=2019-12-01 |title=Ces viviers où prolifèrent les « experts » médiatiques |url=https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2019/12/RZEPSKI/61104 |website=monde-diplomatique.fr |language=fr}}.</ref>. Fikambanana tsy mitady tombombarotra izy io araka ny lalàna frantsay tamin'ny 1901 . Ny Institut Montaigne dia tarihin'i Henri de La Croix de Castries nanomboka tamin'ny taona 2015. Tale maromaro no nifandimby nitarika : Philippe Manière nanomboka tamin'ny 2004 ka hatramin'ny 2008 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-11-19 |title=François Rachline |url=https://www.lesechos.fr/2008/11/francois-rachline-502906 |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=Les Echos |language=fr}}</ref>, François Rachline nanomboka tamin'ny 2009 ka hatramin'ny 2010 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-11-25 |title=L'Institut Montaigne change de patron |url=https://www.challenges.fr/economie/l-institut-montaigne-change-de-patron_354762 |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=Challenges |language=fr}}</ref> avy eo Laurent Bigorgne nanomboka tamin'ny 2011 ka hatramin'ny 2022 <ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |date=2022-02-27 |title=Démission de Laurent Bigorgne, directeur de l’Institut Montaigne, soupçonné d’avoir drogué une collaboratrice |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2022/02/27/demission-de-laurent-bigorgne-directeur-de-l-institut-montaigne-soupconne-d-avoir-drogue-une-collaboratrice_6115482_3224.html |journal=Le Monde.fr |access-date=2022-02-28}}.</ref> ''.'' Taorian'ny nametra-pialanany tamin'ny 2022, i Marie-Pierre de Bailliencourt no lasa talen'ny Ivontoerana. Blanche Leridon no talen'ny fanoratana. == Fitoerany ara-pôlitika == Ao amin'ny " Ireo vondrona mpandinika frantsay lehibe indrindra Geoffrey Geuens, manam-pahaizana manokana momba ny fifandraisan'ny vaovao, ny fahefana ary ny fiaraha-monina, dia manolotra ny Institut Montaigne ho toy izao: vondrona mpandinika " neoliberaly " akaiky dia akaiky ny faribolana ara-toekarena frantsay » (tamin'ny taona 2009) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Geuens |first=Geoffrey |date=2009-10-05 |title=Les principaux think tanks français |url=https://journals.openedition.org/quaderni/511?lang=en#tocto1n4 |journal=Quaderni. Communication, technologies, pouvoir |language=fr |issue=70 |page=79–88 |doi=10.4000/quaderni.511 |issn=2105-2956 |access-date=2024-12-16}}</ref> . Fantatra fa manohana ny toerana akaiky ny an'ny Medef "araka ny France Info tamin'ny 2017 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-04-08 |title=Le mouvement politique d'Emmanuel Macron est lié à un think tank proche du patronat |url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/politique/emmanuel-macron/le-mouvement-d-emmanuel-macron-est-lie-a-un-think-tank-proche-du-patronat_1396587.html |access-date=2024-12-16 |website=Franceinfo |language=fr-FR}}</ref>, ary noheverina ho akaiky ny ankavanana araka ny ''Libération'' tamin'io taona io ihany <ref name="Libé">{{Cite web |last=Halissat |first=Ismaël |title=Education : le libéral Institut Montaigne, maître à penser de Macron |url=https://www.liberation.fr/france/2017/06/07/education-le-liberal-institut-montaigne-maitre-a-penser-de-macron_1575198/ |access-date=2024-12-16 |website=Libération |language=fr}}</ref> . Manampy ''ny Libération'' fa ny talen'ny Institute (2011-2022) Laurent Bigorgne dia nofidin'ny mpanorina ny Institut Montaigne, Claude Bébéar, Tale Jeneralin'ny AXA, ary" olo-malaza eo amin'ny sehatry ny fandraharahana frantsay » <ref name="Libé" /> . == Lohahevitra == Na dia sokajiana ho liberaly aza ny Ivontoerana (tamin'ny taona 2009), dia nandray toerana hentitra momba ny fitsipika ara-bola taorian'ny krizy ara-bola tamin'ny taona 2008 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nicolas Cori |date=28-03-2009 |title=Le libéral Institut Montaigne pique une crise d’altermondialisme |url=https://www.liberation.fr/futurs/2009/03/28/le-liberal-institut-montaigne-pique-une-crise-d-altermondialisme_549264 |website=liberation.fr |language=fr}}.</ref> . Manolotra fampihenana be ny fandaniana ho an'ny daholobe izy, indrindra amin'ny fampitomboana ny ora fiasan'ny mpiasam-panjakana sy ny sehatra tsy miankina, amin'ny fampihenana ny tambin-karama ho an'ny tsy fananana asa, amin'ny famoronana deductible amin'ny tambin-karama ara-pitsaboana, ary farany amin'ny fampihenana ny tambin-karama ho an'ny fianakaviana, amin'ny alàlan'ny fampihenana tsikelikely ny fanohanana ny fialan-tsasatra ho an'ny ray aman-dreny <ref>{{Cite web |date=13-12-2012 |title=L'Institut Montaigne prône des coupes drastiques dans la dépense publique |url=https://lexpansion.lexpress.fr/actualite-economique/l-institut-montaigne-prone-des-coupes-drastiques-dans-la-depense-publique_1357179.html |website=lexpansion.lexpress.fr |language=fr}}.</ref> . Tamin'ny 2020, ny Institut Montaigne, niara-niasa tamin'ny foibem-pitsaboanan'i Versailles sy ny fikambanan Quartet Santé, dia nanao fanandramana ny fomba vaovao handraisana an-tanana ireo olana ara-pahasalamanan'ny saina, izay nantsoina hoe "SÉSAME" (Soins d'Équipe en SAnté MEntale / Fitsaboana Ekipa amin'ny fahasalamana ara-tsaina). Ho an'ny fifidianana filoham-pirenena amin'ny taona 2022, tolo-kevitra miisa 246 avy amin'ny sehatra misy kandidà 8 avy amin'ny fiaviana ara-politika samihafa no nodinihin'ireo ekipa tao amin'ny Institu Montaigne <ref>{{Cite web |last=Renaud Honoré |date=07-04-2022 |title=EXCLUSIF - Présidentielle : ce que coûtent vraiment les promesses des candidats |url=https://www.lesechos.fr/elections/candidats/exclusif-presidentielle-ce-que-coutent-vraiment-les-promesses-des-candidats-1399004 |access-date=05-12-2024 |website=Les Echos}}</ref> . Naverina tamin'ny fifidianana solombavambahoaka tamin'ny taona 2024 io dingana famakafakana sy fanisana ny vidin'ny sehatra io. Eo ambany fitarihan'ny Tale Jeneraly vaovao Marie-Pierre de Bailliencourt, ny Institut Montaigne dia manambara andiana asa vaovao natokana ho an'ny olana ara-jeopolitika, indostrialy ary teknolojia <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=20 7 2022 |title=Marie-Pierre de Bailliencourt prend la tête de l'Institut Montaigne |url=https://www.lesechos.fr/politique-societe/societe/marie-pierre-de-bailliencourt-prend-la-tete-de-linstitut-montaigne-1777727 |access-date=11 12 2022 |website=lesechos.fr}}.</ref> . Tao anatin'ny tatitra tamin'ny taona 2023, ny Institut Montaigne dia naneho ny tsy fankasitrahany ny haavon'ny fiarovana an-tserasera ambany dia ambany amin'ireo rafitra tsy miankina sy tantanan'ny governemanta maro any Frantsa <ref>{{Cite web |last=Emile Marzolf |date=04-07-2023 |title=Des pistes pour faire passer la cybersécurité “à l’échelle” |url=https://acteurspublics.fr/articles/des-pistes-pour-faire-passer-la-cybersecurite-a-lechelle |access-date=05-12-2024 |website=Acteurs Publics}}</ref> . Tamin'ny taona 2024, ny Institut Montaigne dia manokana ny asany amin'ny fanamby amin'ny fiarovana ara-toekarena sy ny fifindra-monina ivelan'ny faritany <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ali Laidi |date=26-03-2024 |title=Extraterritorialité du droit : l'Europe en retard d'une guerre ? |url=https://www.france24.com/fr/%25C3%25A9missions/l-entretien-de-l-intelligence-%25C3%25A9conomique/20240326-extraterritorialit%25C3%25A9-du-droit-l-europe-en-retard-d-une-guerre&sa=D&source=docs&ust=1733410077369739&usg=AOvVaw1eQhFhT1YyzrTZl1uT7GM2 |access-date=05-12-2024 |website=France 24}}</ref>, ny fanenana karbônina amin'ny indostria Eropeana <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bastien Bonnefous |date=24-10-2024 |title=La décarbonation « embryonnaire » de l’industrie européenne |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2024/10/24/la-decarbonation-embryonnaire-de-l-industrie-europeenne_6358983_3234.html |access-date=05-12-2024}}</ref>, ary ny olan'ny "fizarazarana ara-tsakafo" <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sylvie Lavabre |date=16-10-2024 |title=Un rapport de l’Institut Montaigne alerte sur la fracture alimentaire en France |url=https://www.lsa-conso.fr/un-rapport-de-l-institut-montaigne-alerte-sur-la-fracture-alimentaire,457696 |access-date=05-12-2024 |website=LSA}}</ref>, indrindra amin'ny fanolorana ny hampitomboana ny HSN (Hetran'ny Sanda Nampiana / TVA) amin'ny vokatra mamy indrindra ho 20%. % <ref>{{Cite web |last=RMC avec AFP |date=16-10-2024 |title=Pour réparer la "fracture alimentaire", l'Institut Montaigne propose de taxer le sucre |url=https://rmc.bfmtv.com/actualites/economie/pour-reparer-la-fracture-alimentaire-l-institut-montaigne-propose-de-taxer-le-sucre_AN-202410160821.html |access-date=05-12-2024 |website=RMC}}</ref> , <ref>{{Cite web |last=France 2 - F. Griffond, S. Soubane, J.-C. Batteria, O. Martin, M. Hauville, R. Mathé, N. Baker, R. Monjanel, France 3 Île-de-France |date=16-10-2024 |title=Alimentation : l'Institut Montaigne propose d'augmenter la TVA sur les produits sucrés |url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/sante/alimentation/alimentation-l-institut-montaigne-propose-d-augmenter-la-tva-sur-les-produits-sucres_6842069.html |access-date=05-12-2024 |website=JT de 20h de France 2 / replay sur France Info}}</ref>, raha oharina amin'ny 5.5 % na 10 % androany. Mamoaka tatitra ihany koa ny vondrona mpandinika izay manohana ny fananganana manampahefana frantsay momba ny FNTO (Fahaizana Noforonin'ny Tanan'Olombelona / IA) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Leïla Marchand |date=31-01-2024 |title=IA : l'Institut Montaigne plaide pour une autorité car l'AI Act ne suffira pas |url=https://www.lesechos.fr/tech-medias/intelligence-artificielle/ia-linstitut-montaigne-plaide-pour-une-autorite-car-lai-act-ne-suffira-pas-2072838 |access-date=05-12-2024 |website=Les Echos}}</ref> . Nanomboka tamin'ny taona 2025, ny Institut Montaigne no nitarika ny Chips Diplomacy Support Initiative (CHIPDIPLO), hetsika Eoropeana mikendry ny hanamafy ny diplaomasia ara-teknolojia ao amin'ny sehatry ny [[Mpampita tapany|semiconductor]] stratejika <ref>{{Cite journal |date=25 mars 2025 |title=L'Institut Montaigne a lancé hier un nouveau projet, "la Chips Diplomacy Support Initiative", afin de contribuer à la construction de la politique étrangère européenne en matière de semi-conducteurs |url=https://www.lacorrespondanceeconomique.fr/2025-03-25 |journal=La Correspondance Économique}}</ref> . Ity tetikasa ity, tohanan'ny Vaomiera Eoropeana, dia mampivondrona vondrona mpandinika maromaro mba hanohanana ny politika indostrialy Eoropeana <ref>{{Cite journal |date=3 avril 2025 |title=Radars : L'Institut Montaigne, le Central European Institute of Asian Studies, le Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy et I'EU Institute for Security Studies sont choisis par la Commission pour construire une politique étrangère en matière de semi-conducteurs. |journal=Challenges |issue=869 |page=12}}</ref>, hiarovana ny rojo famatsiana ary haminavina ny famindrana teknolojia eo anatrehan'ny fanamby ara-jeopolitika lehibe <ref>{{Cite web |title=CHIPDIPLO consortium selected to support international diplomacy in semiconductors - Silicon Semiconductor News |url=https://siliconsemiconductor.net/article/121373/CHIPDIPLO%20consortium%20selected%20to%20support%20international%20diplomacy%20in%20semiconductors%20-%20Silicon%20Semiconductor%20News |access-date=2025-11-14 |website=Silicon Semiconductor |language=en}}</ref> . == Ambaratongam-pahefana sy fomba fandeha == Araka ny voalazan'i Laurent Bigorgne, talen'ny Ivontoerana teo aloha « Ny antsasaky ny komity mpitantana anay dia olona avy amin'ny elatra havia ara-pôlitika, ary ny antsasany hafa kosa olona avy amin'ny elatra havanana ara-pôlitika [ 2 ] . » Nanambara ny Ivontoerana tamin'ny 27 février 2022 ny fametraham-pialan'i Laurent Bigorgne, izay ahiahiana ho nanome zava-mahadomelina mpiara-miasa iray tsy nankatò sy nahalala ny fisian'izany zava-mahadomelina izany nandritra ny fivoriana momba ny asa natao tao an-tranony. Ny tale lefitra, Camille Godeau, sy ny komity mpitantana no mitantana vonjimaika, eo ambany fanaraha-mason'ny filoha, Henri de Castries, sy ireo filoha lefitra roa, Jean-Dominique Senard sy David Azéma <ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |date=2022-02-27 |title=Démission de Laurent Bigorgne, directeur de l’Institut Montaigne, soupçonné d’avoir drogué une collaboratrice |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2022/02/27/demission-de-laurent-bigorgne-directeur-de-l-institut-montaigne-soupconne-d-avoir-drogue-une-collaboratrice_6115482_3224.html |journal=Le Monde.fr |access-date=2022-02-28}}.</ref> , <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 2 2022 |title=Communication de l'Institut Montaigne |url=https://www.institutmontaigne.org/blog/communication-de-linstitut-montaigne |access-date=27 2 2022 |website=institutmontaigne.org}}.</ref> , <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-28 |title=Le directeur de l'Institut Montaigne démissionne |url=https://www.lesechos.fr/politique-societe/societe/le-directeur-de-linstitut-montaigne-demissionne-1390076 |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=lesechos.fr}}.</ref> . === Ekipa maharitra (permanante) === Misy mpikambana 40 izy io, tarihin'i Marie-Pierre de Bailliencourt hatramin'ny nametra-pialan'i Laurent Bigorgne tamin'ny taona 2022 <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=20 7 2022 |title=Marie-Pierre de Bailliencourt prend la tête de l'Institut Montaigne |url=https://www.lesechos.fr/politique-societe/societe/marie-pierre-de-bailliencourt-prend-la-tete-de-linstitut-montaigne-1777727 |access-date=11 12 2022 |website=lesechos.fr}}.</ref> . I Marie-Pierre de Bailliencourt, vadin'ny filoha lefitra sady lehiben'ny fitantanam-bolan'ny vondrona Bolloré <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lefilliâtre |first=Jérôme |title=Troubles et débats à l’Institut Montaigne autour d’un rapport sur l’immigration |url=https://www.liberation.fr/economie/troubles-et-debats-a-linstitut-montaigne-autour-dun-rapport-sur-limmigration-20221126_3DQSWV4QHRBX5AESASNBGDS2SE/?redirected=1 |access-date=2024-11-27 |website=Libération |language=fr}}</ref>, dia notendrena ho Chevalier de la Legion of Honour nandritra ny fampiroboroboana ny 1 Janoary 2024 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nicolas Senèze |date=31 décembre 2023 |title=Les promus du jour de l’An de la Légion d’honneur |url=https://www.la-croix.com/france/legion-d-honneur-onze-personnes-intervenues-lors-de-lattentat-darras-parmi-les-promus-20231231 |access-date=6 septembre 2024 |website=La Croix}}</ref> , <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 janvier 2024 |title=Marie-Pierre de Bailliencourt |url=https://www.lalettredelexpansion.com/0065533-Marie-Pierre-de-Bailliencourt/024-Detail.htm |access-date=6 septembre 2024 |website=La Lettre de l'Expansion}}</ref> . === Famatsiam-bola === Araka ny voalazan'i Julia Cagé, manam-pahaizana ara-toe-karena <ref>{{Cite book |last=Julia Cagé |date=2018 |title=Le prix de la démocratie |url= |language=fr |publisher=Fayard |pages=464 |isbn=978-2213704616}}.</ref>, izay miasa amin'ny famatsiam-bola ho an'ny demokrasia, ny Ivontoerana, mifanohitra amin'ny fikambanana hafa mitovy hevitra aminy, dia tsy mahazo vola avy amin'ny kitapom-bolam-panjakana mivantana (toy ny rakitry ny Praiministra na ny ambim-bolan'ny Antenimiera). Noho ny lalàna frantsay izay manome voka-tsoa eo amin'ny hetran'ireo orinasa tsy miankina mamatsi-volan'ny Fikambanana toy ny Institut Montaigne dia avy amin'ny orinasa tsy miankina ny sarababen'ny volan'ny Ivontoerana. Avy amin'ny orinasa maherin'ny zato <ref>{{Cite web |last=Halissat |first=Ismaël |title=Education : le libéral Institut Montaigne, maître à penser de Macron |url=https://www.liberation.fr/france/2017/06/07/education-le-liberal-institut-montaigne-maitre-a-penser-de-macron_1575198/ |access-date=2025-01-28 |website=Libération |language=fr}}</ref> ny famatsiam-bolany, anisan'izany ny Axa, Engie, Solvay, BNP Paribas, LVMH, TotalEnergies, Vinci ary Carrefour <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Grégory Rzepski |date=2019-12-01 |title=Ces viviers où prolifèrent les « experts » médiatiques |url=https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2019/12/RZEPSKI/61104 |website=monde-diplomatique.fr |language=fr}}.</ref> . == Adihevitra momban'ireo asa nataon'ny Ivontoerana == === Ireo hetsika nandritra ny fampielezan-kevitra ho filoham-pirenena tamin'ny taona 2012 === Tamin'ny aprily 2012 Ao anatin'ny fampielezan-kevitra amin'ny fifidianana filoham-pirenena, voampanga ho nanao dokam-barotra miafina ho an'i [[Nicolas Sarkozy]] ny Institut Montaigne, nefa voarara kosa ny dokam-barotra ataon'ny antoko politika <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nabil Touati |date=30-03-2012 |title=Une pub déguisée pour Sarkozy à la télé ? |url=https://www.nouvelobs.com/politique/l-oeil-de-nabil/20120330.OBS5113/une-pub-deguisee-pour-sarkozy-a-la-tele.html |access-date=2020-05-06 |website=L'Obs |language=fr}}.</ref> . Eny tokoa, misy tolo-kevitra avy amin'ny fampielezan-kevitra natao nanomboka ny volana Martsa ka hatramin'ny Aprily nataon'ny Institut Montaigne izay mifandray amin'ny fanamarihana sasany nataon'ny kandidà ho filoham-pirenena, izay nitarika ny Filankevitra Ambony momba ny fiparitahan'ny feo sy sary hanadihady ny raharaha <ref>{{Cite web |date=06-04-2012 |title=Institut Montaigne, pub déguisée pour Sarkozy ? |url=https://www.arretsurimages.net/articles/institut-montaigne-pub-deguisee-pour-sarkozy |access-date=2020-05-06 |website=[[Arrêt sur images]] |language=fr}}.</ref> , <ref>{{Cite web |date=04-04-2012 |title=Une publicité déguisée pour Sarkozy en question |url=https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/france/040412/une-publicite-deguisee-pour-sarkozy-en-question |access-date=2020-05-06 |website=Mediapart |language=fr}}.</ref> , <ref>{{Cite journal |date=2012-04-04 |title=Une publicité déguisée pour l'UMP pourrait être interdite |url=https://www.tdg.ch/monde/europe/publicite-deguisee-ump-risque-detre-interdite/story/14903012 |journal=TDG |language=fr |issn=1010-2248 |access-date=2020-05-06}}.</ref> . Taorian'ny fidirana an-tsehatra nataon'ny CSA,dia najanon'i BFM TV, BFM Radio, ary RMC ny fandefasana ny dokam-barotra ho an'ny Institut Montaigne izay diso nanohana an'i Nicolas Sarkozy mba hanajana ny tsy fiandaniana manoloana ireo kandidà. Midoka ny tenany kosa anefa ny Ivontoerana taorian'ny nahatratrarany ny tanjony : "Tsy naka afa-tsy 26 andro ny fandaharanay teo amin'ireo 31 andro natokanay tamin'ny voalohany". Nandany vola ihany koa ny Institut Montaigne tamin'ireo fepetra natolotry ny kandidà ho filoham-pirenena, niaraka tamin'ny gazety ''Les Échos'' <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lucie Robequain |date=2011-11-14 |title=Présidentielle : ''Les Échos'' et l'Institut Montaigne engagent le chiffrage des programmes pour 2012 |url=https://www.lesechos.fr/2011/11/presidentielle-les-echos-et-linstitut-montaigne-engagent-le-chiffrage-des-programmes-pour-2012-403026 |access-date=2020-05-06 |website=Les Echos |language=fr}}.</ref> , <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Laurent Mauduit |date=12-12-2011 |title=Présidentielle 2012: chiffrages, déchiffrages, enfumages... |url=https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/france/101211/presidentielle-2012-chiffrages-dechiffrages-enfumages |website=[[Mediapart]] |language=fr}}.</ref> . Indraindray dia misy ny fisalasalana momba ny kalitaon'ity asa ity. ; ho an'ny ''Mediapart'', « Ny fiheverana ara-ideolojika, ny tsy fisian'ny antoka momba'ny tsy fiandanian'ny kajy, ary ny tsiambaratelo manodidina ny mombamomba ireo "mpanoratra kaody" dia miteraka ahiahy amin'ity tetikasa ity [ 40 ] . » Nandritra ny fampielezan-kevitra, ny La Chaîne parlementaire (LCP) dia nanana ny fandaharana politikany ''"Thèmes de campagne"'' Laurent Bigorgne, talen'ny Institut Montaigne <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sébastien Rochat |date=28-06-2011 |title=Le (faux) nez du patronat dans une émission de LCP ? |url=https://www.arretsurimages.net/articles/le-faux-nez-du-patronat-dans-une-emission-de-lcp?id=4139 |website=[[Arrêt sur images]] |language=fr}}.</ref> tamin'izany. === Ireo hetsika nandritra ny fampielezan-kevitra ho filoham-pirenena tamin'ny taona 2017 === Nandray anjara manokana tamin'ny fampielezan-kevitr'i Emmanuel Macron i Laurent Bigorgne, talen'ny Institut Montaigne, nanomboka tamin'ny aprily 2016. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Grégory Rzepski |date=2019-12-01 |title=Ces viviers où prolifèrent les « experts » médiatiques |url=https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2019/12/RZEPSKI/61104 |website=monde-diplomatique.fr |language=fr}}.</ref> . Tao anatin'ny famakafakana nataony, izay natao niaraka tamin'ny gazety ''Les Échos,'' momban'ny fandaharan'asa ara-toekarenan'ireo kandidà, dia manohana ny an'i [[Emmanuel Macron]] ny Ivontoerana ary manakiana mafy ireo kandidà elatra havia [[Jean-Luc Mélenchon]] sy Benoît Hamon <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Grégory Rzepski |date=2019-12-01 |title=Ces viviers où prolifèrent les « experts » médiatiques |url=https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2019/12/RZEPSKI/61104 |website=monde-diplomatique.fr |language=fr}}.</ref> . Araka ny fomba fijery notohanan'ny Le ''Monde diplomatique'', dia naneho fifandraisana akaiky tamin'ny governemanta ny Ivontoerana taorian'izany <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Grégory Rzepski |date=2019-12-01 |title=Ces viviers où prolifèrent les « experts » médiatiques |url=https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2019/12/RZEPSKI/61104 |website=monde-diplomatique.fr |language=fr}}.</ref> . Tonga tamin'ny fanasan'ny Institu Montaigne ny praiminisitra Édouard Philippe tamin'ny novambra 2018 izay natokana iresahanireo orinasa tsy miankina sy ireo manam-boninahitra pôlitika <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Grégory Rzepski |date=2019-12-01 |title=Ces viviers où prolifèrent les « experts » médiatiques |url=https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2019/12/RZEPSKI/61104 |website=monde-diplomatique.fr |language=fr}}.</ref> . Laurent Bigorgne no voatendry tamin'ny jiona 2018 ho mpikambana ao amin'ny Komitin'ny Hetsika ho an'ny Daholobe 2022, natsangan'ny Praiminisitra mba hamolavola ny tetikasa fanavaozana ny fanjakana, avy eo dia nasaina niresaka tamin'i Emmanuel Macron momba ny 22 martsa 2019, miaraka amin'ireo manam-pahaizana dimy amby enimpolo hafa, mba handaminana ny krizy Yellow Vests <ref name=":0" /> . Gilles Babinet, manam-pahaizana manokana momba ny olana nomerika ao amin'ny andrim-panjakana, dia notendren'ny governemanta ho filoha lefitry ny Filankevitra Nasionaly momba ny Nomerika tamin'nymai 2018 <ref name=":0" /> . == Laharana == Tamin'ny taona 2017, ny Institut Montaigne no laharana voalohany tamin'ny " Fikambanam-pieritreretana & Mangarahara » avy amin'ny European ''Think Tank'' Observatory, nahazo ny naoty ambony indrindra raha ny fitantanana, ny mangarahara ary ny vokatra no resahina <ref>{{Cite web |last=Observatoire européen des think tanks |date=décembre 2017 |title=La France des think tanks 2017 |url=https://uploads.strikinglycdn.com/files/8df09ab7-5fb7-42d6-a1d1-7d974f11a3f9/LA-FRANCE-DES-THINKS-TANKS-2017.pdf |website=uploads.strikinglycdn.com |language=fr |format=PDF}}.</ref> , <ref>{{Cite web |date=13-12-2017 |title=Les think tanks français, des organismes bien structurés mais peu transparents |url=https://www.lesechos.fr/2017/12/les-think-tanks-francais-des-organismes-bien-structures-mais-peu-transparents-189705 |website=lesechos.fr |language=fr}}.</ref> .   == Rohin'ny tranokala ivelany == {{Liens}} * [https://institutmontaigne.org Tranokala ofisialy] * Fahalalana mifandraika amin'nu fikambanana ** [https://annuaire-entreprises.data.gouv.fr/entreprise/institut-montaigne-444920318 SIREN] ** [https://entreprise.data.gouv.fr/etablissement/W751145724 Lahatahiry nationalin'ireo fikambanana] ** [https://transparency-register.europa.eu/search-register-or-update/organisation-detail_fr?id=865680722572-18 Lahatahirin'ny fangaraharan'ny FE (Fikambanana Eropeanina / UE)] * Fanamariham-pahefana ** [https://viaf.org/fr/viaf/146866028 VIAF] ** [https://isni.oclc.org/cbs/DB=1.2//CMD?ACT=SRCH&IKT=8006&TRM=ISN%3A0000000123373342&TERMS_OF_USE_AGREED=Y&terms_of_use_agree=send&COOKIE=U50,KENDUSER,I28,B0028++++++,SY,NISNI,D1.2,E2eb3fd8e-3d,A,H1,,3-28,,30-41,,43-59,,65-70,,74-75,R102.18.42.170,FY ISNI] ** [https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14462910x BnF] ** [https://www.idref.fr/070507902 IdRef] ** [[lofc:names/n2007028684.html|LCCN]] ** [https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm?method=simpleSearch&cqlMode=true&query=nid%3D5565964-0 GND] ** [https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20040525007 Théquie] [[Sokajy:Fikambanana]] [[Sokajy:Pages avec des traductions non relues]] hw0n96z51u7nqq8i49osvqtuaov2zz3 1142538 1142537 2026-06-10T18:54:59Z Inst-Prométhée 39961 Séparation des références et des liens externes ainsi que des erreurs mineurs dans les paragraphes. 1142538 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''Institut Montaigne''' dia ''vondrona mpandinika'' [[Frantsa|frantsay]] izay manohana ny fomba fijery [[Liberalisma|liberaly]] <ref>{{Cite journal |last= |date=06-04-2012 |title=Le CSA fait retirer des publicités trop sarkozystes |url=http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/politique/l-oeil-de-nabil/20120406.OBS5701/info-obs-le-csa-fait-retirer-des-publicites-trop-sarkozystes.html |journal=L'Obs |language=fr |page=}}.</ref> , <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Jean-Louis Dell'Oro |date=08-12-2016 |title=Un think tank libéral se cache-t-il derrière les candidatures Macron et Fillon ? |url=https://www.challenges.fr/election-presidentielle-2017/un-think-tank-liberal-se-cache-t-il-derriere-les-candidatures-macron-et-fillon_441901 |website=challenges.fr |language=fr}}.</ref> , <ref>{{Cite journal |last=[[Marie Charrel]] |date=27-03-2017 |title=L’Institut Montaigne plaide pour un renforcement de la zone euro |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2017/03/27/l-institut-montaigne-plaide-pour-un-renforcement-de-la-zone-euro_5101254_3234.html |journal=Le Monde |language=fr |page=}}.</ref> . Niorina tamin'ny [[2000|taona 2000]] nataon'ny mpandraharaha Claude Bébéar, ary vatsian'ny orinasa lehibe maromaro <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jérôme Lefilliâtre |date=9 janvier 2021 |title=L'Institut Montaigne, la très riche boîte à idées de la macronie |url=https://www.liberation.fr/france/2021/01/09/l-institut-montaigne-la-tres-riche-boite-a-idees-de-la-macronie_1810190/ |website=Libération}}.</ref> , <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Grégory Rzepski |date=2019-12-01 |title=Ces viviers où prolifèrent les « experts » médiatiques |url=https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2019/12/RZEPSKI/61104 |website=monde-diplomatique.fr |language=fr}}.</ref>. Fikambanana tsy mitady tombombarotra izy io araka ny lalàna frantsay tamin'ny 1901 . Ny Institut Montaigne dia tarihin'i Henri de La Croix de Castries nanomboka tamin'ny taona 2015. Tale maromaro no nifandimby nitarika : Philippe Manière nanomboka tamin'ny 2004 ka hatramin'ny 2008 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-11-19 |title=François Rachline |url=https://www.lesechos.fr/2008/11/francois-rachline-502906 |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=Les Echos |language=fr}}</ref>, François Rachline nanomboka tamin'ny 2009 ka hatramin'ny 2010 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-11-25 |title=L'Institut Montaigne change de patron |url=https://www.challenges.fr/economie/l-institut-montaigne-change-de-patron_354762 |access-date=2024-07-22 |website=Challenges |language=fr}}</ref> avy eo Laurent Bigorgne nanomboka tamin'ny 2011 ka hatramin'ny 2022 <ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |date=2022-02-27 |title=Démission de Laurent Bigorgne, directeur de l’Institut Montaigne, soupçonné d’avoir drogué une collaboratrice |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2022/02/27/demission-de-laurent-bigorgne-directeur-de-l-institut-montaigne-soupconne-d-avoir-drogue-une-collaboratrice_6115482_3224.html |journal=Le Monde.fr |access-date=2022-02-28}}.</ref> ''.'' Taorian'ny nametra-pialanany tamin'ny 2022, i Marie-Pierre de Bailliencourt no lasa talen'ny Ivontoerana. Blanche Leridon no talen'ny fanoratana. == Fitoerany ara-pôlitika == Ao amin'ny " Ireo vondrona mpandinika frantsay lehibe indrindra Geoffrey Geuens, manam-pahaizana manokana momba ny fifandraisan'ny vaovao, ny fahefana ary ny fiaraha-monina, dia manolotra ny Institut Montaigne ho toy izao: vondrona mpandinika " neoliberaly " akaiky dia akaiky ny faribolana ara-toekarena frantsay » (tamin'ny taona 2009) <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Geuens |first=Geoffrey |date=2009-10-05 |title=Les principaux think tanks français |url=https://journals.openedition.org/quaderni/511?lang=en#tocto1n4 |journal=Quaderni. Communication, technologies, pouvoir |language=fr |issue=70 |page=79–88 |doi=10.4000/quaderni.511 |issn=2105-2956 |access-date=2024-12-16}}</ref> . Fantatra fa manohana ny toerana akaiky ny an'ny Medef "araka ny France Info tamin'ny 2017 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-04-08 |title=Le mouvement politique d'Emmanuel Macron est lié à un think tank proche du patronat |url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/politique/emmanuel-macron/le-mouvement-d-emmanuel-macron-est-lie-a-un-think-tank-proche-du-patronat_1396587.html |access-date=2024-12-16 |website=Franceinfo |language=fr-FR}}</ref>, ary noheverina ho akaiky ny ankavanana araka ny ''Libération'' tamin'io taona io ihany <ref name="Libé">{{Cite web |last=Halissat |first=Ismaël |title=Education : le libéral Institut Montaigne, maître à penser de Macron |url=https://www.liberation.fr/france/2017/06/07/education-le-liberal-institut-montaigne-maitre-a-penser-de-macron_1575198/ |access-date=2024-12-16 |website=Libération |language=fr}}</ref> . Manampy ''ny Libération'' fa ny talen'ny Institute (2011-2022) Laurent Bigorgne dia nofidin'ny mpanorina ny Institut Montaigne, Claude Bébéar, Tale Jeneralin'ny AXA, ary" olo-malaza eo amin'ny sehatry ny fandraharahana frantsay » <ref name="Libé" /> . == Lohahevitra == Na dia sokajiana ho liberaly aza ny Ivontoerana (tamin'ny taona 2009), dia nandray toerana hentitra momba ny fitsipika ara-bola taorian'ny krizy ara-bola tamin'ny taona 2008 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nicolas Cori |date=28-03-2009 |title=Le libéral Institut Montaigne pique une crise d’altermondialisme |url=https://www.liberation.fr/futurs/2009/03/28/le-liberal-institut-montaigne-pique-une-crise-d-altermondialisme_549264 |website=liberation.fr |language=fr}}.</ref> . Manolotra fampihenana be ny fandaniana ho an'ny daholobe izy, indrindra amin'ny fampitomboana ny ora fiasan'ny mpiasam-panjakana sy ny sehatra tsy miankina, amin'ny fampihenana ny tambin-karama ho an'ny tsy fananana asa, amin'ny famoronana deductible amin'ny tambin-karama ara-pitsaboana, ary farany amin'ny fampihenana ny tambin-karama ho an'ny fianakaviana, amin'ny alàlan'ny fampihenana tsikelikely ny fanohanana ny fialan-tsasatra ho an'ny ray aman-dreny <ref>{{Cite web |date=13-12-2012 |title=L'Institut Montaigne prône des coupes drastiques dans la dépense publique |url=https://lexpansion.lexpress.fr/actualite-economique/l-institut-montaigne-prone-des-coupes-drastiques-dans-la-depense-publique_1357179.html |website=lexpansion.lexpress.fr |language=fr}}.</ref> . Tamin'ny 2020, ny Institut Montaigne, niara-niasa tamin'ny foibem-pitsaboanan'i Versailles sy ny fikambanan Quartet Santé, dia nanao fanandramana ny fomba vaovao handraisana an-tanana ireo olana ara-pahasalamanan'ny saina, izay nantsoina hoe "SÉSAME" (Soins d'Équipe en SAnté MEntale / Fitsaboana Ekipa amin'ny fahasalamana ara-tsaina). Ho an'ny fifidianana filoham-pirenena amin'ny taona 2022, tolo-kevitra miisa 246 avy amin'ny sehatra misy kandidà 8 avy amin'ny fiaviana ara-politika samihafa no nodinihin'ireo ekipa tao amin'ny Institu Montaigne <ref>{{Cite web |last=Renaud Honoré |date=07-04-2022 |title=EXCLUSIF - Présidentielle : ce que coûtent vraiment les promesses des candidats |url=https://www.lesechos.fr/elections/candidats/exclusif-presidentielle-ce-que-coutent-vraiment-les-promesses-des-candidats-1399004 |access-date=05-12-2024 |website=Les Echos}}</ref> . Naverina tamin'ny fifidianana solombavambahoaka tamin'ny taona 2024 io dingana famakafakana sy fanisana ny vidin'ny sehatra io. Eo ambany fitarihan'ny Tale Jeneraly vaovao Marie-Pierre de Bailliencourt, ny Institut Montaigne dia manambara andiana asa vaovao natokana ho an'ny olana ara-jeopolitika, indostrialy ary teknolojia <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=20 7 2022 |title=Marie-Pierre de Bailliencourt prend la tête de l'Institut Montaigne |url=https://www.lesechos.fr/politique-societe/societe/marie-pierre-de-bailliencourt-prend-la-tete-de-linstitut-montaigne-1777727 |access-date=11 12 2022 |website=lesechos.fr}}.</ref> . Tao anatin'ny tatitra tamin'ny taona 2023, ny Institut Montaigne dia naneho ny tsy fankasitrahany ny haavon'ny fiarovana an-tserasera ambany dia ambany amin'ireo rafitra tsy miankina sy tantanan'ny governemanta maro any Frantsa <ref>{{Cite web |last=Emile Marzolf |date=04-07-2023 |title=Des pistes pour faire passer la cybersécurité “à l’échelle” |url=https://acteurspublics.fr/articles/des-pistes-pour-faire-passer-la-cybersecurite-a-lechelle |access-date=05-12-2024 |website=Acteurs Publics}}</ref> . Tamin'ny taona 2024, ny Institut Montaigne dia manokana ny asany amin'ny fanamby amin'ny fiarovana ara-toekarena sy ny fifindra-monina ivelan'ny faritany <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ali Laidi |date=26-03-2024 |title=Extraterritorialité du droit : l'Europe en retard d'une guerre ? |url=https://www.france24.com/fr/%25C3%25A9missions/l-entretien-de-l-intelligence-%25C3%25A9conomique/20240326-extraterritorialit%25C3%25A9-du-droit-l-europe-en-retard-d-une-guerre&sa=D&source=docs&ust=1733410077369739&usg=AOvVaw1eQhFhT1YyzrTZl1uT7GM2 |access-date=05-12-2024 |website=France 24}}</ref>, ny fanenana karbônina amin'ny indostria Eropeana <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bastien Bonnefous |date=24-10-2024 |title=La décarbonation « embryonnaire » de l’industrie européenne |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2024/10/24/la-decarbonation-embryonnaire-de-l-industrie-europeenne_6358983_3234.html |access-date=05-12-2024}}</ref>, ary ny olan'ny "fizarazarana ara-tsakafo" <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sylvie Lavabre |date=16-10-2024 |title=Un rapport de l’Institut Montaigne alerte sur la fracture alimentaire en France |url=https://www.lsa-conso.fr/un-rapport-de-l-institut-montaigne-alerte-sur-la-fracture-alimentaire,457696 |access-date=05-12-2024 |website=LSA}}</ref>, indrindra amin'ny fanolorana ny hampitomboana ny HSN (Hetran'ny Sanda Nampiana / TVA) amin'ny vokatra mamy indrindra ho 20%. % <ref>{{Cite web |last=RMC avec AFP |date=16-10-2024 |title=Pour réparer la "fracture alimentaire", l'Institut Montaigne propose de taxer le sucre |url=https://rmc.bfmtv.com/actualites/economie/pour-reparer-la-fracture-alimentaire-l-institut-montaigne-propose-de-taxer-le-sucre_AN-202410160821.html |access-date=05-12-2024 |website=RMC}}</ref> , <ref>{{Cite web |last=France 2 - F. Griffond, S. Soubane, J.-C. Batteria, O. Martin, M. Hauville, R. Mathé, N. Baker, R. Monjanel, France 3 Île-de-France |date=16-10-2024 |title=Alimentation : l'Institut Montaigne propose d'augmenter la TVA sur les produits sucrés |url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/sante/alimentation/alimentation-l-institut-montaigne-propose-d-augmenter-la-tva-sur-les-produits-sucres_6842069.html |access-date=05-12-2024 |website=JT de 20h de France 2 / replay sur France Info}}</ref>, raha oharina amin'ny 5.5 % na 10 % androany. Mamoaka tatitra ihany koa ny vondrona mpandinika izay manohana ny fananganana manampahefana frantsay momba ny FNTO (Fahaizana Noforonin'ny Tanan'Olombelona / IA) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Leïla Marchand |date=31-01-2024 |title=IA : l'Institut Montaigne plaide pour une autorité car l'AI Act ne suffira pas |url=https://www.lesechos.fr/tech-medias/intelligence-artificielle/ia-linstitut-montaigne-plaide-pour-une-autorite-car-lai-act-ne-suffira-pas-2072838 |access-date=05-12-2024 |website=Les Echos}}</ref> . Nanomboka tamin'ny taona 2025, ny Institut Montaigne no nitarika ny Chips Diplomacy Support Initiative (CHIPDIPLO), hetsika Eoropeana mikendry ny hanamafy ny diplaomasia ara-teknolojia ao amin'ny sehatry ny [[Mpampita tapany|semiconductor]] stratejika <ref>{{Cite journal |date=25 mars 2025 |title=L'Institut Montaigne a lancé hier un nouveau projet, "la Chips Diplomacy Support Initiative", afin de contribuer à la construction de la politique étrangère européenne en matière de semi-conducteurs |url=https://www.lacorrespondanceeconomique.fr/2025-03-25 |journal=La Correspondance Économique}}</ref> . Ity tetikasa ity, tohanan'ny Vaomiera Eoropeana, dia mampivondrona vondrona mpandinika maromaro mba hanohanana ny politika indostrialy Eoropeana <ref>{{Cite journal |date=3 avril 2025 |title=Radars : L'Institut Montaigne, le Central European Institute of Asian Studies, le Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy et I'EU Institute for Security Studies sont choisis par la Commission pour construire une politique étrangère en matière de semi-conducteurs. |journal=Challenges |issue=869 |page=12}}</ref>, hiarovana ny rojo famatsiana ary haminavina ny famindrana teknolojia eo anatrehan'ny fanamby ara-jeopolitika lehibe <ref>{{Cite web |title=CHIPDIPLO consortium selected to support international diplomacy in semiconductors - Silicon Semiconductor News |url=https://siliconsemiconductor.net/article/121373/CHIPDIPLO%20consortium%20selected%20to%20support%20international%20diplomacy%20in%20semiconductors%20-%20Silicon%20Semiconductor%20News |access-date=2025-11-14 |website=Silicon Semiconductor |language=en}}</ref> . == Ambaratongam-pahefana sy fomba fandeha == Araka ny voalazan'i Laurent Bigorgne, talen'ny Ivontoerana teo aloha « Ny antsasaky ny komity mpitantana anay dia olona avy amin'ny elatra havia ara-pôlitika, ary ny antsasany hafa kosa olona avy amin'ny elatra havanana ara-pôlitika [ 2 ] . » Nanambara ny Ivontoerana tamin'ny 27 février 2022 ny fametraham-pialan'i Laurent Bigorgne, izay ahiahiana ho nanome zava-mahadomelina mpiara-miasa iray tsy nankatò sy nahalala ny fisian'izany zava-mahadomelina izany nandritra ny fivoriana momba ny asa natao tao an-tranony. Ny tale lefitra, Camille Godeau, sy ny komity mpitantana no mitantana vonjimaika, eo ambany fanaraha-mason'ny filoha, Henri de Castries, sy ireo filoha lefitra roa, Jean-Dominique Senard sy David Azéma <ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |date=2022-02-27 |title=Démission de Laurent Bigorgne, directeur de l’Institut Montaigne, soupçonné d’avoir drogué une collaboratrice |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2022/02/27/demission-de-laurent-bigorgne-directeur-de-l-institut-montaigne-soupconne-d-avoir-drogue-une-collaboratrice_6115482_3224.html |journal=Le Monde.fr |access-date=2022-02-28}}.</ref> , <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 2 2022 |title=Communication de l'Institut Montaigne |url=https://www.institutmontaigne.org/blog/communication-de-linstitut-montaigne |access-date=27 2 2022 |website=institutmontaigne.org}}.</ref> , <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-28 |title=Le directeur de l'Institut Montaigne démissionne |url=https://www.lesechos.fr/politique-societe/societe/le-directeur-de-linstitut-montaigne-demissionne-1390076 |access-date=2022-02-28 |website=lesechos.fr}}.</ref> . === Ekipa maharitra (permanante) === Misy mpikambana 40 izy io, tarihin'i Marie-Pierre de Bailliencourt hatramin'ny nametra-pialan'i Laurent Bigorgne tamin'ny taona 2022 <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=20 7 2022 |title=Marie-Pierre de Bailliencourt prend la tête de l'Institut Montaigne |url=https://www.lesechos.fr/politique-societe/societe/marie-pierre-de-bailliencourt-prend-la-tete-de-linstitut-montaigne-1777727 |access-date=11 12 2022 |website=lesechos.fr}}.</ref> . I Marie-Pierre de Bailliencourt, vadin'ny filoha lefitra sady lehiben'ny fitantanam-bolan'ny vondrona Bolloré <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lefilliâtre |first=Jérôme |title=Troubles et débats à l’Institut Montaigne autour d’un rapport sur l’immigration |url=https://www.liberation.fr/economie/troubles-et-debats-a-linstitut-montaigne-autour-dun-rapport-sur-limmigration-20221126_3DQSWV4QHRBX5AESASNBGDS2SE/?redirected=1 |access-date=2024-11-27 |website=Libération |language=fr}}</ref>, dia notendrena ho Chevalier de la Legion of Honour nandritra ny fampiroboroboana ny 1 Janoary 2024 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nicolas Senèze |date=31 décembre 2023 |title=Les promus du jour de l’An de la Légion d’honneur |url=https://www.la-croix.com/france/legion-d-honneur-onze-personnes-intervenues-lors-de-lattentat-darras-parmi-les-promus-20231231 |access-date=6 septembre 2024 |website=La Croix}}</ref> , <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 janvier 2024 |title=Marie-Pierre de Bailliencourt |url=https://www.lalettredelexpansion.com/0065533-Marie-Pierre-de-Bailliencourt/024-Detail.htm |access-date=6 septembre 2024 |website=La Lettre de l'Expansion}}</ref> . === Famatsiam-bola === Araka ny voalazan'i Julia Cagé, manam-pahaizana ara-toe-karena <ref>{{Cite book |last=Julia Cagé |date=2018 |title=Le prix de la démocratie |url= |language=fr |publisher=Fayard |pages=464 |isbn=978-2213704616}}.</ref>, izay miasa amin'ny famatsiam-bola ho an'ny demokrasia, ny Ivontoerana, mifanohitra amin'ny fikambanana hafa mitovy hevitra aminy, dia tsy mahazo vola avy amin'ny kitapom-bolam-panjakana mivantana (toy ny rakitry ny Praiministra na ny ambim-bolan'ny Antenimiera). Noho ny lalàna frantsay izay manome voka-tsoa eo amin'ny hetran'ireo orinasa tsy miankina mamatsi-volan'ny Fikambanana toy ny Institut Montaigne dia avy amin'ny orinasa tsy miankina ny sarababen'ny volan'ny Ivontoerana. Avy amin'ny orinasa maherin'ny zato <ref>{{Cite web |last=Halissat |first=Ismaël |title=Education : le libéral Institut Montaigne, maître à penser de Macron |url=https://www.liberation.fr/france/2017/06/07/education-le-liberal-institut-montaigne-maitre-a-penser-de-macron_1575198/ |access-date=2025-01-28 |website=Libération |language=fr}}</ref> ny famatsiam-bolany, anisan'izany ny Axa, Engie, Solvay, BNP Paribas, LVMH, TotalEnergies, Vinci ary Carrefour <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Grégory Rzepski |date=2019-12-01 |title=Ces viviers où prolifèrent les « experts » médiatiques |url=https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2019/12/RZEPSKI/61104 |website=monde-diplomatique.fr |language=fr}}.</ref> . == Adihevitra momban'ireo asa nataon'ny Ivontoerana == === Ireo hetsika nandritra ny fampielezan-kevitra ho filoham-pirenena tamin'ny taona 2012 === Tamin'ny aprily 2012 Ao anatin'ny fampielezan-kevitra amin'ny fifidianana filoham-pirenena, voampanga ho nanao dokam-barotra miafina ho an'i [[Nicolas Sarkozy]] ny Institut Montaigne, nefa voarara kosa ny dokam-barotra ataon'ny antoko politika <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nabil Touati |date=30-03-2012 |title=Une pub déguisée pour Sarkozy à la télé ? |url=https://www.nouvelobs.com/politique/l-oeil-de-nabil/20120330.OBS5113/une-pub-deguisee-pour-sarkozy-a-la-tele.html |access-date=2020-05-06 |website=L'Obs |language=fr}}.</ref> . Eny tokoa, misy tolo-kevitra avy amin'ny fampielezan-kevitra natao nanomboka ny volana Martsa ka hatramin'ny Aprily nataon'ny Institut Montaigne izay mifandray amin'ny fanamarihana sasany nataon'ny kandidà ho filoham-pirenena, izay nitarika ny Filankevitra Ambony momba ny fiparitahan'ny feo sy sary hanadihady ny raharaha <ref>{{Cite web |date=06-04-2012 |title=Institut Montaigne, pub déguisée pour Sarkozy ? |url=https://www.arretsurimages.net/articles/institut-montaigne-pub-deguisee-pour-sarkozy |access-date=2020-05-06 |website=[[Arrêt sur images]] |language=fr}}.</ref> , <ref>{{Cite web |date=04-04-2012 |title=Une publicité déguisée pour Sarkozy en question |url=https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/france/040412/une-publicite-deguisee-pour-sarkozy-en-question |access-date=2020-05-06 |website=Mediapart |language=fr}}.</ref> , <ref>{{Cite journal |date=2012-04-04 |title=Une publicité déguisée pour l'UMP pourrait être interdite |url=https://www.tdg.ch/monde/europe/publicite-deguisee-ump-risque-detre-interdite/story/14903012 |journal=TDG |language=fr |issn=1010-2248 |access-date=2020-05-06}}.</ref> . Taorian'ny fidirana an-tsehatra nataon'ny CSA,dia najanon'i BFM TV, BFM Radio, ary RMC ny fandefasana ny dokam-barotra ho an'ny Institut Montaigne izay diso nanohana an'i Nicolas Sarkozy mba hanajana ny tsy fiandaniana manoloana ireo kandidà. Midoka ny tenany kosa anefa ny Ivontoerana taorian'ny nahatratrarany ny tanjony : "Tsy naka afa-tsy 26 andro ny fandaharanay teo amin'ireo 31 andro natokanay tamin'ny voalohany". Nandany vola ihany koa ny Institut Montaigne tamin'ireo fepetra natolotry ny kandidà ho filoham-pirenena, niaraka tamin'ny gazety ''Les Échos'' <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lucie Robequain |date=2011-11-14 |title=Présidentielle : ''Les Échos'' et l'Institut Montaigne engagent le chiffrage des programmes pour 2012 |url=https://www.lesechos.fr/2011/11/presidentielle-les-echos-et-linstitut-montaigne-engagent-le-chiffrage-des-programmes-pour-2012-403026 |access-date=2020-05-06 |website=Les Echos |language=fr}}.</ref> , <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Laurent Mauduit |date=12-12-2011 |title=Présidentielle 2012: chiffrages, déchiffrages, enfumages... |url=https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/france/101211/presidentielle-2012-chiffrages-dechiffrages-enfumages |website=[[Mediapart]] |language=fr}}.</ref> . Indraindray dia misy ny fisalasalana momba ny kalitaon'ity asa ity. ; ho an'ny ''Mediapart'', « Ny fiheverana ara-ideolojika, ny tsy fisian'ny antoka momba'ny tsy fiandanian'ny kajy, ary ny tsiambaratelo manodidina ny mombamomba ireo "mpanoratra kaody" dia miteraka ahiahy amin'ity tetikasa ity [ 40 ] . » Nandritra ny fampielezan-kevitra, ny La Chaîne parlementaire (LCP) dia nanana ny fandaharana politikany ''"Thèmes de campagne"'' Laurent Bigorgne, talen'ny Institut Montaigne <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sébastien Rochat |date=28-06-2011 |title=Le (faux) nez du patronat dans une émission de LCP ? |url=https://www.arretsurimages.net/articles/le-faux-nez-du-patronat-dans-une-emission-de-lcp?id=4139 |website=[[Arrêt sur images]] |language=fr}}.</ref> tamin'izany. === Ireo hetsika nandritra ny fampielezan-kevitra ho filoham-pirenena tamin'ny taona 2017 === Nandray anjara manokana tamin'ny fampielezan-kevitr'i Emmanuel Macron i Laurent Bigorgne, talen'ny Institut Montaigne, nanomboka tamin'ny aprily 2016. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Grégory Rzepski |date=2019-12-01 |title=Ces viviers où prolifèrent les « experts » médiatiques |url=https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2019/12/RZEPSKI/61104 |website=monde-diplomatique.fr |language=fr}}.</ref> . Tao anatin'ny famakafakana nataony, izay natao niaraka tamin'ny gazety ''Les Échos,'' momban'ny fandaharan'asa ara-toekarenan'ireo kandidà, dia manohana ny an'i [[Emmanuel Macron]] ny Ivontoerana ary manakiana mafy ireo kandidà elatra havia [[Jean-Luc Mélenchon]] sy Benoît Hamon <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Grégory Rzepski |date=2019-12-01 |title=Ces viviers où prolifèrent les « experts » médiatiques |url=https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2019/12/RZEPSKI/61104 |website=monde-diplomatique.fr |language=fr}}.</ref> . Araka ny fomba fijery notohanan'ny Le ''Monde diplomatique'', dia naneho fifandraisana akaiky tamin'ny governemanta ny Ivontoerana taorian'izany <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Grégory Rzepski |date=2019-12-01 |title=Ces viviers où prolifèrent les « experts » médiatiques |url=https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2019/12/RZEPSKI/61104 |website=monde-diplomatique.fr |language=fr}}.</ref> . Tonga tamin'ny fanasan'ny Institu Montaigne ny praiminisitra Édouard Philippe tamin'ny novambra 2018 izay natokana iresahanireo orinasa tsy miankina sy ireo manam-boninahitra pôlitika <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Grégory Rzepski |date=2019-12-01 |title=Ces viviers où prolifèrent les « experts » médiatiques |url=https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2019/12/RZEPSKI/61104 |website=monde-diplomatique.fr |language=fr}}.</ref> . Laurent Bigorgne no voatendry tamin'ny jiona 2018 ho mpikambana ao amin'ny Komitin'ny Hetsika ho an'ny Daholobe 2022, natsangan'ny Praiminisitra mba hamolavola ny tetikasa fanavaozana ny fanjakana, avy eo dia nasaina niresaka tamin'i Emmanuel Macron momba ny 22 martsa 2019, miaraka amin'ireo manam-pahaizana dimy amby enimpolo hafa, mba handaminana ny krizy Yellow Vests <ref name=":0" /> . Gilles Babinet, manam-pahaizana manokana momba ny olana nomerika ao amin'ny andrim-panjakana, dia notendren'ny governemanta ho filoha lefitry ny Filankevitra Nasionaly momba ny Nomerika tamin'nymai 2018 <ref name=":0" /> . == Laharana == Tamin'ny taona 2017, ny Institut Montaigne no laharana voalohany tamin'ny " Fikambanam-pieritreretana & Mangarahara » avy amin'ny European ''Think Tank'' Observatory, nahazo ny naoty ambony indrindra raha ny fitantanana, ny mangarahara ary ny vokatra no resahina <ref>{{Cite web |last=Observatoire européen des think tanks |date=décembre 2017 |title=La France des think tanks 2017 |url=https://uploads.strikinglycdn.com/files/8df09ab7-5fb7-42d6-a1d1-7d974f11a3f9/LA-FRANCE-DES-THINKS-TANKS-2017.pdf |website=uploads.strikinglycdn.com |language=fr |format=PDF}}.</ref> , <ref>{{Cite web |date=13-12-2017 |title=Les think tanks français, des organismes bien structurés mais peu transparents |url=https://www.lesechos.fr/2017/12/les-think-tanks-francais-des-organismes-bien-structures-mais-peu-transparents-189705 |website=lesechos.fr |language=fr}}.</ref> .   == Rohin'ny tranokala ivelany == * [https://institutmontaigne.org Tranokala ofisialy] * Fahalalana mifandraika amin'nu fikambanana ** [https://annuaire-entreprises.data.gouv.fr/entreprise/institut-montaigne-444920318 SIREN] ** [https://entreprise.data.gouv.fr/etablissement/W751145724 Lahatahiry nationalin'ireo fikambanana] ** [https://transparency-register.europa.eu/search-register-or-update/organisation-detail_fr?id=865680722572-18 Lahatahirin'ny fangaraharan'ny FE (Fikambanana Eropeanina / UE)] * Fanamariham-pahefana ** [https://viaf.org/fr/viaf/146866028 VIAF] ** [https://isni.oclc.org/cbs/DB=1.2//CMD?ACT=SRCH&IKT=8006&TRM=ISN%3A0000000123373342&TERMS_OF_USE_AGREED=Y&terms_of_use_agree=send&COOKIE=U50,KENDUSER,I28,B0028++++++,SY,NISNI,D1.2,E2eb3fd8e-3d,A,H1,,3-28,,30-41,,43-59,,65-70,,74-75,R102.18.42.170,FY ISNI] ** [https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14462910x BnF] ** [https://www.idref.fr/070507902 IdRef] ** [[lofc:names/n2007028684.html|LCCN]] ** [https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm?method=simpleSearch&cqlMode=true&query=nid%3D5565964-0 GND] ** [https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20040525007 Théquie] == Referansa sy fiavian-kevitra == [[Sokajy:Fikambanana]] [[Sokajy:Pages avec des traductions non relues]] 1eq8h0fj23qa94rx2i7zrpoy48v3d5l 0 300486 1142545 2026-06-11T01:55:35Z HarryWurst 36292 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « {{coord|49|27|N|07|33|E}} {{infobox tanàna |tanàna=Ramstein-Miesenbach |firenena={{Alemaina}} |isam-ponina =7636 |velarantany=43,01 |haavo = 238 |fanjakana = {{Rheinland-Pfalz}} |ben'ny tanàna= |sary=Ramstein air show disaster memorial.jpg |saina = Wappen von Ramstein-Miesenbach.png }} '''Ramstein-Miesenbach''',dia tanàna iray ao {{Rheinland-Pfalz}}, {{Alemaina}} ao amin'ny distrikan'i Kaiserslautern, ary izy no kaominina faharoa lehibe indrindra ao... » 1142545 wikitext text/x-wiki {{coord|49|27|N|07|33|E}} {{infobox tanàna |tanàna=Ramstein-Miesenbach |firenena={{Alemaina}} |isam-ponina =7636 |velarantany=43,01 |haavo = 238 |fanjakana = {{Rheinland-Pfalz}} |ben'ny tanàna= |sary=Ramstein air show disaster memorial.jpg |saina = Wappen von Ramstein-Miesenbach.png }} '''Ramstein-Miesenbach''',dia tanàna iray ao {{Rheinland-Pfalz}}, {{Alemaina}} ao amin'ny distrikan'i Kaiserslautern, ary izy no kaominina faharoa lehibe indrindra ao amin'ny distrika. Eo amin'ny 15 kilometatra eo ho eo andrefan'i [[Kaiserslautern]] no misy azy. Nahazo laza ambony-paritra ny tanànan'i Ramstein noho ny tobin'ny rivotra Ramstein izay ao anatin'ny sisin-taniny sy ny loza nitranga tamin'ny fampisehoana an'habakabaka tamin'ny 1988. ==Jereo Koa== *[[Lisitra ny tanàna ny Alemaina]] {{reflist}} {{commonscat|Ramstein-Miesenbach}} [[Sokajy:Tanàna ao Alemaina]] [[Sokajy:Tanàna ao Rheinland-Pfalz]] 9o3ijknpauzapff3o2j8s0n83adqsjy 0 300487 1142573 2026-06-11T02:43:48Z HarryWurst 36292 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « [[File:SC Paderborn 07 Logo new.svg|thumb|SC Paderborn 07]] Ny '''SC Paderborn 07''', na '''SC Paderborn''' raha fintinina, dia klioba ara-panatanjahantena ao [[Paderborn]], {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}}, {{Alemaina}}. Manga sy mainty ny lokon'ny klioba. Miaraka amin'ny mpikambana 10.000, ity klioba ity dia iray amin'ireo klioba ara-panatanjahantena lehibe indrindra any Alemaina. Ny SC Paderborn 07 dia nandany ny ankamaroan'ny tantarany tao amin'ny ambaratonga fah... » 1142573 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:SC Paderborn 07 Logo new.svg|thumb|SC Paderborn 07]] Ny '''SC Paderborn 07''', na '''SC Paderborn''' raha fintinina, dia klioba ara-panatanjahantena ao [[Paderborn]], {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}}, {{Alemaina}}. Manga sy mainty ny lokon'ny klioba. Miaraka amin'ny mpikambana 10.000, ity klioba ity dia iray amin'ireo klioba ara-panatanjahantena lehibe indrindra any Alemaina. Ny SC Paderborn 07 dia nandany ny ankamaroan'ny tantarany tao amin'ny ambaratonga fahatelo amin'ny baolina kitra alemà. ==Jereo koa== *[[Bundesliga]] *[[Bundesliga faha-2]] {{reflist}} [[Sokajy:Klioba baolina kitra ao Alemaina]] [[Sokajy:Paderborn]] [[Sokajy:Bundesliga]] [[Sokajy:Klioba baolina kitra ao Alemaina]] aw4f8z6b2jjksnlzssmp8v979pm6wmp 1142576 1142573 2026-06-11T02:50:17Z HarryWurst 36292 1142576 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:SC Paderborn 07 Logo new.svg|thumb|SC Paderborn 07]] [[File:Benteler-Arena (17107125877).jpg|thumb|left|Le Stade]] Ny '''SC Paderborn 07''', na '''SC Paderborn''' raha fintinina, dia klioba ara-panatanjahantena ao [[Paderborn]], {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}}, {{Alemaina}}. Manga sy mainty ny lokon'ny klioba. Miaraka amin'ny mpikambana 10.000, ity klioba ity dia iray amin'ireo klioba ara-panatanjahantena lehibe indrindra any Alemaina. Ny SC Paderborn 07 dia nandany ny ankamaroan'ny tantarany tao amin'ny ambaratonga fahatelo amin'ny baolina kitra alemà. ==Jereo koa== *[[Bundesliga]] *[[Bundesliga faha-2]] {{reflist}} [[Sokajy:Klioba baolina kitra ao Alemaina]] [[Sokajy:Paderborn]] [[Sokajy:Bundesliga]] [[Sokajy:Klioba baolina kitra ao Alemaina]] b0if65n7w4g7q4vj8cm35i21bquv6ys 1142577 1142576 2026-06-11T02:51:06Z HarryWurst 36292 1142577 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:SC Paderborn 07 Logo new.svg|thumb|SC Paderborn 07]] [[File:Benteler-Arena (17107125877).jpg|thumb|left|Le Stade]] Ny '''SC Paderborn 07''', na '''SC Paderborn''' raha fintinina, dia klioba ara-panatanjahantena ao [[Paderborn]], {{Nordrhein-Westfalen}}, {{Alemaina}}. Manga sy mainty ny lokon'ny klioba. Miaraka amin'ny mpikambana 10.000, ity klioba ity dia iray amin'ireo klioba ara-panatanjahantena lehibe indrindra any Alemaina. Ny SC Paderborn 07 dia nandany ny ankamaroan'ny tantarany tao amin'ny ambaratonga fahatelo amin'ny baolina kitra alemà. ==Jereo koa== *[[Bundesliga]] *[[Bundesliga faha-2]] {{reflist}} [[de:SC Paderborn 07]] [[Sokajy:Klioba baolina kitra ao Alemaina]] [[Sokajy:Paderborn]] [[Sokajy:Bundesliga]] [[Sokajy:Klioba baolina kitra ao Alemaina]] kjqpkrxba7kyol8stb173t8f0dbgr4u 14 300488 1142574 2026-06-11T02:44:09Z HarryWurst 36292 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « [[Sokajy:Tanàna ao Nordrhein-Westfalen]] » 1142574 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sokajy:Tanàna ao Nordrhein-Westfalen]] sxwdqsbnaajrego69aiz9rplr2cbp1h 14 300489 1142580 2026-06-11T03:24:15Z HarryWurst 36292 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « [[Sokajy:Ofisialin'ny baolina kitra]] [[Sokajy:baolina kitra frantsay]] » 1142580 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sokajy:Ofisialin'ny baolina kitra]] [[Sokajy:baolina kitra frantsay]] 57hwcyd4ylpw17i5dg4i34tdf2kh94w 14 300490 1142581 2026-06-11T03:24:29Z HarryWurst 36292 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « [[Sokajy:baolina kitra]] » 1142581 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sokajy:baolina kitra]] mkf0bgcttvzxrid4whvt0c8hlxuybev 0 300491 1142584 2026-06-11T04:32:52Z HarryWurst 36292 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « {{infobox olona |sary= Mateus Simões, April 2024 (cropped).jpg |anarana=Mateus Simões |teraka= 9 Martsa 1981 |maty= |toerana= [[Gurupi]] |firenena={{Brazila}} |fanjakana = {{Minas Gerais}} |mpiaraka= |asa= *[[governora]] * [[mpanao politika]] |taona niasàna= }} '''Mateus Simões de Almeida''' (teraka ny 9 Martsa 1981 tao [[Gurupi]]) dia [[mpisolovava]], profesora ary [[mpanao politika]] [[Brezila|breziliana]] mifandray amin'ny Antoko Sosialista Demokrat... » 1142584 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox olona |sary= Mateus Simões, April 2024 (cropped).jpg |anarana=Mateus Simões |teraka= 9 Martsa 1981 |maty= |toerana= [[Gurupi]] |firenena={{Brazila}} |fanjakana = {{Minas Gerais}} |mpiaraka= |asa= *[[governora]] * [[mpanao politika]] |taona niasàna= }} '''Mateus Simões de Almeida''' (teraka ny 9 Martsa 1981 tao [[Gurupi]]) dia [[mpisolovava]], profesora ary [[mpanao politika]] [[Brezila|breziliana]] mifandray amin'ny Antoko Sosialista Demokratika (PSD). Izy no governoran'i Minas Gerais amin'izao fotoana izao. Voafidy ho governora lefitra tamin'ny taona 2022, ary nandray ny andraikitry ny governora taorian'ny fametraham-pialan'i [[Romeu Zema]] ([[Partido Novo|NOVO]]), izay nametra-pialana tamin'ny governemanta mba hirotsaka hofidiana ho Filohan'ny Repoblika. ==Jereo ikoa== {{commonscat}} {{CLEFDETRI:Simões, Mateus}} [[en:Mateus Simões]] [[Sokajy:Mpanao politika breziliana]] [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1981]] [[Sokajy:Governoran'i Minas Gerais]] [[Sokajy:Partido Novo]] [[Sokajy:Mpanao politika ao Minas Gerais]] 8y3622n32y4jf5k8sa02b1yssjad5hi 1142585 1142584 2026-06-11T04:34:43Z HarryWurst 36292 1142585 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox olona |sary= Mateus Simões, April 2024 (cropped).jpg |anarana=Mateus Simões |teraka= 9 Martsa 1981 |maty= |toerana= [[Gurupi]] |firenena={{Brazila}} |fanjakana = {{Minas Gerais}} |mpiaraka= |asa= *[[governora]] * [[mpanao politika]] |taona niasàna= }} '''Mateus Simões de Almeida''' (teraka ny 9 Martsa 1981 tao [[Gurupi]]) dia [[mpisolovava]], profesora ary [[mpanao politika]] [[Brezila|breziliana]] mifandray amin'ny Antoko Sosialista Demokratika (PSD). Izy no governoran'i Minas Gerais amin'izao fotoana izao. Voafidy ho governora lefitra tamin'ny taona 2022, ary nandray ny andraikitry ny governora taorian'ny fametraham-pialan'i [[Romeu Zema]] ([[Partido Novo|NOVO]]), izay nametra-pialana tamin'ny governemanta mba hirotsaka hofidiana ho Filohan'ny Repoblika. ==Jereo ikoa== {{commonscat}} {{CLEFDETRI:Simões, Mateus}} [[en:Mateus Simões]] [[Sokajy:Mpanao politika breziliana]] [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1981]] [[Sokajy:Governoran'i Minas Gerais]] [[Sokajy:Partido Novo]] [[Sokajy:Mpanao politika ao Minas Gerais]] [[Sokajy:Partido Social Democrático (Brezila)]] 3x7jcz2pgp0tim9lrzat9k9xsmbmx02 1142586 1142585 2026-06-11T04:35:37Z HarryWurst 36292 Partido Social Democrático (Brezila) 1142586 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox olona |sary= Mateus Simões, April 2024 (cropped).jpg |anarana=Mateus Simões |teraka= 9 Martsa 1981 |maty= |toerana= [[Gurupi]] |firenena={{Brazila}} |fanjakana = {{Minas Gerais}} |mpiaraka= |asa= *[[governora]] * [[mpanao politika]] |taona niasàna= }} '''Mateus Simões de Almeida''' (teraka ny 9 Martsa 1981 tao [[Gurupi]]) dia [[mpisolovava]], profesora ary [[mpanao politika]] [[Brezila|breziliana]] mifandray amin'ny [[Partido Social Democrático (Brezila)|Antoko Sosialista Demokratika]] (PSD). Izy no governoran'i Minas Gerais amin'izao fotoana izao. Voafidy ho governora lefitra tamin'ny taona 2022, ary nandray ny andraikitry ny governora taorian'ny fametraham-pialan'i [[Romeu Zema]] ([[Partido Novo|NOVO]]), izay nametra-pialana tamin'ny governemanta mba hirotsaka hofidiana ho Filohan'ny Repoblika. ==Jereo ikoa== {{commonscat}} {{CLEFDETRI:Simões, Mateus}} [[en:Mateus Simões]] [[Sokajy:Mpanao politika breziliana]] [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1981]] [[Sokajy:Governoran'i Minas Gerais]] [[Sokajy:Partido Novo]] [[Sokajy:Mpanao politika ao Minas Gerais]] [[Sokajy:Partido Social Democrático (Brezila)]] ic8r6e4zwcn6ze9tebrrjdd7kpaxokg 0 300492 1142587 2026-06-11T04:51:18Z HarryWurst 36292 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « {{infobox olona |sary= |anarana=Lucas Gonzalez |teraka= 21 Desambra 1988 |maty= |toerana= [[Belo Horizonte]] |firenena={{Brazila}} |fanjakana = {{Minas Gerais}} |mpiaraka= |asa= * [[mpanao politika]] |taona niasàna= }} '''Lucas de Vasconcelos Gonzalez''' (teraka ny 21 Desambra 1988 tao [[Belo Horizonte]]) dia [[mpanao politika]] sy mpandraharaha [[Brazila|breziliana]] izay mpikambana ao amin'ny [[Partido Novo|Antoko Novo]]. Tamin'ny fifidianana tamin'ny... » 1142587 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox olona |sary= |anarana=Lucas Gonzalez |teraka= 21 Desambra 1988 |maty= |toerana= [[Belo Horizonte]] |firenena={{Brazila}} |fanjakana = {{Minas Gerais}} |mpiaraka= |asa= * [[mpanao politika]] |taona niasàna= }} '''Lucas de Vasconcelos Gonzalez''' (teraka ny 21 Desambra 1988 tao [[Belo Horizonte]]) dia [[mpanao politika]] sy mpandraharaha [[Brazila|breziliana]] izay mpikambana ao amin'ny [[Partido Novo|Antoko Novo]]. Tamin'ny fifidianana tamin'ny taona 2018, voafidy ho [[solombavambahoaka]] federaly (2018-2022) ho an'ny fanjakan'i {{Minas Gerais}} izy. ==Jereo ikoa== {{CLEFDETRI:Gonzalez, Lucas}} [[en:Lucas Gonzalez]] [[Sokajy:Mpanao politika breziliana]] [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1988]] [[Sokajy:Partido Novo]] [[Sokajy:Mpanao politika ao Minas Gerais]] [[Sokajy:solombavambahoaka breziliana]] 3xsd7q4ybkg7d20xlg2mfwdlv863paa 1142588 1142587 2026-06-11T04:52:19Z HarryWurst 36292 1142588 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox olona |sary= |anarana=Lucas Gonzalez |teraka= 21 Desambra 1988 |maty= |toerana= [[Belo Horizonte]] |firenena={{Brazila}} |fanjakana = {{Minas Gerais}} |mpiaraka= |asa= * [[mpanao politika]] |taona niasàna= }} '''Lucas de Vasconcelos Gonzalez''' (teraka ny 21 Desambra 1988 tao [[Belo Horizonte]]) dia [[mpanao politika]] sy mpandraharaha [[Brazila|breziliana]] izay mpikambana ao amin'ny [[Partido Novo|Antoko Novo]]. Tamin'ny fifidianana tamin'ny taona 2018, voafidy ho [[solombavambahoaka]] federaly (2018-2022) ho an'ny fanjakan'i {{Minas Gerais}} izy.<ref>(pt) [https://www.camara.leg.br/deputados/204523/biografia Profile, sur www.camara.leg.br]</ref> ==Jereo ikoa== {{CLEFDETRI:Gonzalez, Lucas}} [[en:Lucas Gonzalez]] [[Sokajy:Mpanao politika breziliana]] [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1988]] [[Sokajy:Partido Novo]] [[Sokajy:Mpanao politika ao Minas Gerais]] [[Sokajy:solombavambahoaka breziliana]] 22ggjarvkfumv3qj3fxoo8bei7ki49x