Wikipedia mgwiki https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Fandraisana MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.24 first-letter Rakitra Manokana Dinika Mpikambana Dinika amin'ny mpikambana Wikipedia Dinika amin'ny Wikipedia Sary Dinika amin'ny sary MediaWiki Dinika amin'ny MediaWiki Endrika Dinika amin'ny endrika Fanoroana Dinika amin'ny fanoroana Sokajy Dinika amin'ny sokajy TimedText TimedText talk Module Discussion module Event Event talk 0 189797 1152218 1101037 2026-10-21T08:35:40Z Quark2212 35344 Nanampy antsipriany 1152218 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox olona |sary= George Frideric Handel by Balthasar Denner.jpg |Sary avy amin'ny taona 1726–1728 |anarana=Georg Friedrich Händel |teraka=23 Febroary 1685, [[Halle (Saale)|Halle]] |maty=14 Aprily 1759 (74 taona) |firenena= {{Alemaina}} |asa=Mpanoratra Mozika |Fasana=Westminster Abbey}} I '''Georg Friedrich Händel''' dia mpahay mozika barôka sy mpamorona mozika saksônina ([[Alemaina|alemana]]) izay lasa olom-pirenena anglisy ('''George Frideric Handel'''), teraka tamin' ny 23 Febroary 1685 tao [[Halle (Saale)]] ary maty tamin' ny 14 Avrily 1759 tao Westminster Abbey. ==Ny fiainany manokana== I Georg Händel no rainy. == Jereo koa == * [[Biôgrafia]] ===Rohy ivelany=== * Ao amin'i Freebase: [https://www.freebase.com/m/03bxh] [[sokajy:Biôgrafia]] {{vangovango}} [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1685]] [[sokajy:Maty tamin'ny taona 1759]] [[Sokajy:Mpamorona mozika]] ee4smeft5iem7g2jx8zuahb795dt8il 4 298458 1152220 1133969 2026-10-21T09:08:10Z JianJi 36396 1152220 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Androany [[23 Oktobra|23 oktobra]]''': * '''[[1817]]''': Fifanaovan-tsonia teo amin-d[[Radama Voalohany|Radama Rainy]] sy ny solontenan'ny governora ao Maorisy Farquhar mampitsahatra ny fanondranana [[andevo]] avy eto [[Madagasikara]] haondrana ao [[La Réunion]] sy [[Maorisy]], ary ny takalon'izany dia misy ny fandefasana fanamiana miaramila, fitaovam-piadiana sy vanja ary vola karazana onitry ny fatiantoka amin'ny vola tokony ho azo amin'ny varotra andevo. Avy amin'ny fifanampisam-pifanarahana taty aoriana no nandefasana [[miaramila]] hanofana ny Foloalindahy Malagasy. Avy amin'io fifanaovan-tsonia io no nametrahana an-dRadama Rainy ho [[Fanjakan'i Madagasikara |Mpanjakan'i Madagasikara]] nankatoavin'ny Ampira Britanika, hery matanjaka indrindra tamin'izany fotoana izany. * '''[[1955]]''' - Nanao fitsapan-kevi-bahoaka ny Fanjakan'i [[Vietnamy|Vietnam]] hamaritana ny endriky ny fitondrana hoavy; i Ngô Đình Diệm dia nanohana ny rafitra repoblikana, ny Emperora Bảo Đại kosa nanohana ny rafitra fitondram-panjaka. * '''[[1956]]''' - Mpianatra sy mpanohana an'aliny maro tao Budapest nanao diabe nankany amin'ny Lapan'ny Antenimiera. Nisedra famoretana mahery vaika nataon'ny sampan-draharaha misahana ny fiarovam-pirenena, izay niteraka ny Revolisiona [[Hôngroà (vahoaka)|Hongroà]]. gdt2rz9vmhd0wsqtegfgn23028y2nyd 4 298718 1152217 1133968 2026-10-21T08:23:49Z JianJi 36396 1152217 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Androany [[22 Oktobra|22 oktobra]]''': * '''[[1633]]''' - Voatosiky tafika an-dranomasin'ny tarana-mpanjaka Ming teo amorontsiraky ny faritanin'i Fujian ny andian-tsambon'ny Holandey Tatsinanana mpanjanaka. * '''[[1740]]''' - Nofaranan'ny fitondran'ny Holandey Tatsinanana tao [[Jakarta]] ny hetsika fantatra amin'ny "Fandripahana tao Angke" izay naharitra tapa-bolana ary nahafaty olona tsy latsaky ny 10.000. a2o6ixl70w4418suuvnhxr515x9on2t 1152219 1152217 2026-10-21T08:36:18Z JianJi 36396 1152219 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Androany [[22 Oktobra|22 oktobra]]''': * '''[[1633]]''' - Voatosiky tafika an-dranomasin'ny tarana-mpanjaka Ming teo amorontsiraky ny faritanin'i [[Fujian]] ny andian-tsambon'ny Holandey Tatsinanana mpanjanaka. * '''[[1740]]''' - Nofaranan'ny fitondran'ny Holandey Tatsinanana tao [[Jakarta]] ny hetsika fantatra amin'ny "Fandripahana tao Angke" izay naharitra tapa-bolana ary nahafaty olona tsy latsaky ny 10.000. * '''[[1878]]''' - Namoronan'i [[Thomas Edison]] ny takamoa (ampoule électrique). * '''[[1953]]''' - Fahaleovantenan'ny Fanjakan'i Laos manoloana an'i [[Frantsa]]. jt13m3a4ssdyx0d3moyqr5e8r1wsf9x 0 298911 1152157 1151116 2026-10-20T16:55:10Z InternetArchiveBot 25011 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261020sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1152157 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Hepatita C |synonym =Aretina aty vokatry ny virus |image =HCV EM picture 2.png |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =[[Micrograph|Electron micrograph]] of [[hepatitis C virus]] from cell culture (scale = 50&nbsp;[[nanometers]]) |pronounce = |specialty =[[Gastroenterology]], [[Infectious diseases (medical specialty)|infectious disease]] |symptoms =Matetika tsy misy<ref name=CDC2016 /> |onset = |duration =maharitra ela (80%)<ref name=CDC2016 /> |causes =[[Hepatitis C virus]] matetika mifindra amin'ny alàlan'ny fifandraisana rà amin'ny rà<ref name=CDC2016 /><ref name=Mah2010/> |risks = |diagnosis =Fitsapana rà ho an'ny [[antibodies]] or viral [[RNA]]<ref name=CDC2016 /> |differential = |prevention =Clean needles, testing donated blood<ref name=WHO2015 /> |treatment =Medications, [[liver transplant]]<ref name=NEJM2011 /> |medication =Antivirals ([[sofosbuvir]], [[simeprevir]], others)<ref name=CDC2016 /><ref name=WHO2015 /> |prognosis = |frequency =71 million (2017)<ref name=WHO2019Fact/> |deaths =399,000 (2016)<ref name=WHO2019Fact/> }}Aretina mifindra vokatry ny viriosy hepatita C (HCV) '''ny hepatita''' C izay misy fiantraikany voalohany indrindra amin'ny [[aty]].<ref name="Sherris2004">{{Cite book|title=Sherris Medical Microbiology|url=https://archive.org/details/sherrismedicalmi00ryan|url-access=limited|edition=4th|publisher=McGraw Hill|year=2004|pages=[https://archive.org/details/sherrismedicalmi00ryan/page/n568 551]–52|isbn=978-0-8385-8529-0}}</ref> Mandritra ny aretina voalohany dia matetika ny olona no tsy mahatsapa soritr'aretina mihitsy na tsy misy mihitsy.<ref name="CDC2016">{{Cite web|title=Hepatitis C FAQs for Health Professionals|url=https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hcv/hcvfaq.htm|website=CDC|access-date=4 February 2016|date=January 8, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121073721/http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hcv/hcvfaq.htm|archive-date=21 January 2016}}</ref> Indraindray dia misy tazo, fivalanan-drano maizina, fanaintainan'ny kibo, ary hoditra mavomavo.<ref name="CDC2016" /> Mitoetra ao amin'ny aty ny viriosy eo amin'ny 75% ka hatramin'ny 85% eo ho eo amin'ireo olona voan'ny aretina voalohany.<ref name="CDC2016" /> Matetika tsy misy soritr'aretina ny aretina mitaiza raha vao manomboka miseho.<ref name="CDC2016" /> Mandritra ny taona maro anefa, matetika izany no mitarika aretin'aty ary indraindray cirrhosis.<ref name="CDC2016" /> Amin'ny tranga sasany, ireo voan'ny cirrhosis dia mety hiharan'ny fahasarotana lehibe toy ny tsy fahombiazan'ny aty, homamiadan'ny aty, na lalan-dra mivelatra ao amin'ny lalan-kanina sy ny vavony.<ref name="Sherris2004" /> Ny HCV dia miely indrindra amin'ny alalan'ny fifandraisana amin'ny ra mifandraika amin'ny fampiasana fanafody amin'ny lalan-dra, fitaovana ara-pitsaboana tsy voadio tsara, ratra vokatry ny tsindrona amin'ny fitsaboana, ary ny fampidiran-dra.<ref name="CDC2016" /><ref name="Mah2010">{{Cite journal|last=Maheshwari|first=A|last2=Thuluvath, PJ|title=Management of acute hepatitis C|journal=Clinics in Liver Disease|date=February 2010|volume=14|issue=1|pages=169–76, x|pmid=20123448|doi=10.1016/j.cld.2009.11.007}}</ref> Raha ampiasaina ny fitiliana ra, dia latsaky ny iray isaky ny roa tapitrisa ny mety ho voka-dratsin'ny fampidiran-dra.<ref name="CDC2016" /> Mety hifindra avy amin'ny reny voan'ny aretina mankany amin'ny zanany mandritra ny fiterahana ihany koa izany.<ref name="CDC2016" /> Tsy miparitaka amin'ny alalan'ny fifandraisana ivelany izy io.<ref name="WHO2015">{{Cite web|title=Hepatitis C Fact sheet N°164|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs164/en/|website=WHO|access-date=4 February 2016|date=July 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131041006/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs164/en/|archive-date=31 January 2016}}</ref> Iray amin'ireo viriosy hepatita dimy fantatra izy io: A, B, C, D, ary E.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Viral Hepatitis: A through E and Beyond|url=http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/liver-disease/viral-hepatitis-a-through-e/Pages/facts.aspx|website=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases|access-date=4 February 2016|date=April 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202083731/http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/liver-disease/viral-hepatitis-a-through-e/Pages/facts.aspx|archive-date=2 February 2016}}</ref> Ny fitiliana ra no atao mba hahitana raha misy antikôra manohitra ny viriosy na ny ARN- ny.<ref name="CDC2016" /> Amporisihina ny fanaovana fitiliana amin'ny olona rehetra mety ho voan'izany.<ref name="CDC2016" /> Tsy misy [[vaksiny]] ho an'ny hepatita C.<ref name="CDC2016" /><ref name="Web2015">{{Cite journal|last=Webster|first=Daniel P|last2=Klenerman|first2=Paul|last3=Dusheiko|first3=Geoffrey M|title=Hepatitis C|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_the-lancet_march-21-27-2015_385_9973/page/1124|journal=The Lancet|volume=385|issue=9973|year=2015|pages=1124–35|pmid=25687730|pmc=4878852|issn=0140-6736|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62401-6}}</ref> Ny fisorohana dia ahitana ny ezaka hampihenana ny fahavoazana eo amin'ireo olona mampiasa fanafody amin'ny lalan-dra sy ny fitiliana ny ra nomena.<ref name="WHO2015" /> Azo sitranina mihoatra ny 95% amin'ny fotoana ny aretina mitaiza amin'ny fanafody antiviral toy ny sofosbuvir na simeprevir.<ref name="WHO2019Fact">{{Cite web|title=Hepatitis C|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-c|last=|first=|date=9 July 2019|website=World Health Organization|language=en|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526052334/https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-c|archive-date=2020-05-26|access-date=2020-05-26}}</ref><ref name="CDC2016" /><ref name="WHO2015" /> Ny Peginterferon sy ny ribavirin dia fitsaboana taranaka taloha izay nanana taham-pahasitranana latsaky ny 50% ary voka-dratsy lehibe kokoa.<ref name="WHO2015" /><ref name="Kim2016">{{Cite journal|last=Kim|first=A|title=Hepatitis C Virus|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|date=September 2016|volume=165|issue=5|pages=ITC33–ITC48|doi=10.7326/AITC201609060|pmid=27595226|type=Review}}</ref> Mety ho lafo anefa ny fahazoana ireo fitsaboana vaovao.<ref name="WHO2015" /> Ireo izay voan'ny cirrhosis na homamiadan'ny aty dia mety mila famindrana aty.<ref name="NEJM2011" /> Ny Hepatita C no antony voalohany mahatonga ny famindrana aty, na dia matetika miverina aza ny viriosy aorian'ny famindrana.<ref name="NEJM2011">{{Cite journal|last=Rosen|first=HR|title=Clinical practice. Chronic hepatitis C infection|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|date=2011-06-23|volume=364|issue=25|pages=2429–38|pmid=21696309|doi=10.1056/NEJMcp1006613|url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/ee00276a6c2b5e9af4841bce7922b00b92ff20a4|access-date=2020-07-28|archive-date=2021-08-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828104228/https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Clinical-practice.-Chronic-hepatitis-C-infection.-Rosen/ee00276a6c2b5e9af4841bce7922b00b92ff20a4|url-status=live}}</ref> Tombanana ho iray amin'ny fitom-polo tapitrisa ny olona (1%) maneran-tany no voan'ny hepatita C   <ref name="WHO2019Fact" /> Tamin'ny taona 2013, tranga vaovao iraika ambin'ny folo tapitrisa teo ho eo no nitranga.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|first=Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_the-lancet_august-22-28-2015_386_9995/page/743|journal=Lancet|date=22 August 2015|volume=386|issue=9995|pages=743–800|pmid=26063472|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4|pmc=4561509}}</ref> Matetika indrindra no mitranga any Afrika sy Azia Afovoany ary Atsinanana izany.<ref name="WHO2015" /> Teo amin'ny 167.000 teo ho eo ny fahafatesana vokatry ny homamiadan'ny aty ary 326.000 ny fahafatesana noho ny cirrhosis dia nitranga tamin'ny 2015 noho ny hepatita C.<ref name="GBD2015De">{{Cite journal|last=GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death|first=Collaborators.|title=Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.|journal=Lancet|date=8 October 2016|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1459–1544|pmid=27733281|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1|pmc=5388903}}</ref> Ny fisian'ny hepatita C - izay fantatra tany am-boalohany ho karazana hepatita tsy A tsy B - dia noheverina tamin'ny taona 1970 ary voaporofo tamin'ny taona 1989.<ref name="pmid19781804">{{Cite journal|last=Houghton M|title=The long and winding road leading to the identification of the hepatitis C virus|journal=Journal of Hepatology|volume=51|issue=5|pages=939–48|date=November 2009|pmid=19781804|doi=10.1016/j.jhep.2009.08.004|url=http://www.journal-of-hepatology.eu/article/S0168-8278%2809%2900535-2/fulltext|doi-access=free|access-date=2020-07-28|archive-date=2021-12-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211217232938/https://www.journal-of-hepatology.eu/article/S0168-8278%2809%2900535-2/fulltext|url-status=live}}</ref> Ny olombelona sy ny rajako ihany no voan'ny hepatita C.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Shors|first=Teri|title=Understanding viruses|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|location=Burlington, MA|isbn=978-0-7637-8553-6|pages=535|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uk8xP5LRHr4C&pg=PA535|edition=2nd|year=2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160515225439/https://books.google.com/books?id=Uk8xP5LRHr4C&pg=PA535|archive-date=2016-05-15}}</ref> == Loharano == <references /> [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 16wmisnirzztmo24e2nx3x8dypwibwe 0 298927 1152158 1149917 2026-10-20T16:56:04Z InternetArchiveBot 25011 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261020sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1152158 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Pneumonia |synonym =Pneumonitis |image =Chest radiograph in influensa and H influenzae, posteroanterior, annotated.jpg |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =[[Chest radiograph|Chest X-ray]] of a pneumonia caused by [[influenza]] and ''[[Haemophilus influenzae]]'', with patchy consolidations, mainly in the right upper lobe (arrow) |pronounce ={{IPAc-en|nj|uː|ˈ|m|əʊ|n|i|ə}} {{respell|new|MOHN|ee-ə}} |specialty =[[Pulmonology]], [[Infectious disease (medical specialty)|infectious disease]] |symptoms =Cough, difficulty breathing, [[rapid breathing]], fever<ref name=Ash2007/> |onset = |duration =Few weeks<ref name=Behera2010>{{cite book|last=Behera|first=D.|title=Textbook of pulmonary medicine|year=2010|publisher=Jaypee Brothers Medical Pub.|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-8448-749-7|pages=296–97|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0TbJjd9eTp0C&pg=PA296|edition=2nd|access-date=27 July 2020|archive-date=14 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914155329/https://books.google.com/books?id=0TbJjd9eTp0C&pg=PA296|url-status=live}}</ref> |causes =Bacteria, virus, [[aspiration pneumonia|aspiration]]<ref name=RespText09/><ref name=Jeff2010/> |risks =[[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease|COPD]], [[sickle cell disease]], [[asthma]], [[diabetes mellitus|diabetes]], [[heart failure]], history of [[smoking]], older age<ref name=NIH2011Risk/><ref name=-BMJ2012>{{cite journal | last1=Caldeira | first1=D. | last2=Alarcao | first2=J. | last3=Vaz-Carneiro | first3=A. | last4=Costa | first4=J. | title=Risk of pneumonia associated with use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: systematic review and meta-analysis | journal=The BMJ | publisher=BMJ | volume=345 | issue=jul11 1 | date=2012-07-11 | issn=1756-1833 | pmid=22786934 | pmc=3394697 | doi=10.1136/bmj.e4260 | pages=e4260 | quote=Susceptibility is higher among elderly people (≥65 years)}}</ref><ref name=CDC2020SCD/> |diagnosis =Based on symptoms, [[chest X-ray]]<ref name=NIH2011Diag/> |differential =[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease|COPD]], [[asthma]], [[pulmonary edema]], [[pulmonary embolism]]<ref name=BMJ06>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hoare Z, Lim WS | title = Pneumonia: update on diagnosis and management | journal = BMJ | volume = 332 | issue = 7549 | pages = 1077–79 | date = May 2006 | pmid = 16675815 | pmc = 1458569 | doi = 10.1136/bmj.332.7549.1077 | url = http://www.bmj.com/content/332/7549/1077.full.pdf | access-date = 27 July 2020 | archive-date = 9 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200409062318/https://www.bmj.com/content/332/7549/1077 | url-status = live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409062318/https://www.bmj.com/content/332/7549/1077 |date=9 April 2020 }}</ref> |prevention =[[Vaccine]]s, [[handwashing]], not smoking<ref name=NIH2011Pre/> |treatment = |medication =[[Antibiotic]]s, [[antiviral]]s, [[oxygen therapy]]<ref name=NIH2011Tx/><ref name=Lancet11/> |prognosis = |frequency =450 million (7%) per year<ref name=Lancet11/><ref name=CochraneTx13/> |deaths =Four million per year<ref name=Lancet11/><ref name=CochraneTx13/> }} '''Ny pnemonia''' dia aretina mamaivay ao amin'ny [[havokavoka]] izay misy fiantraikany voalohany indrindra amin'ireo kitapo rivotra kely fantatra amin'ny anarana hoe alveoli.<ref name="RespText09">{{Cite book|editor-last=McLuckie|editor-first=A.|title=Respiratory disease and its management|url=https://archive.org/details/respiratorydisea0000mclu|year=2009|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-1-84882-094-4|page=[https://archive.org/details/respiratorydisea0000mclu/page/51 51]}}</ref><ref name="AcuteCare09">{{Cite book|last=Leach, Richard E.|title=Acute and Critical Care Medicine at a Glance|edition=2nd|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|year=2009|isbn=978-1-4051-6139-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7u_wu5VCsVQC&pg=PT168|access-date=27 July 2020|archive-date=20 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420180054/https://books.google.com/books?id=7u_wu5VCsVQC&pg=PT168|url-status=live}}</ref> Ny soritr'aretina dia mazàna ahitana fitambaran'ny kohaka mamokatra na maina, fanaintainan'ny tratra, tazo, ary fahasarotana miaina.<ref name="Ash2007">{{Cite book|last=Ashby|first=Bonnie|last2=Turkington|first2=Carol|title=The encyclopedia of infectious diseases|edition=3rd|publisher=Facts on File|location=New York|year=2007|page=242|isbn=978-0-8160-6397-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4Xlyaipv3dIC&pg=PA242|access-date=2011-04-21|archive-date=20 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420180124/https://books.google.com/books?id=4Xlyaipv3dIC&pg=PA242|url-status=live}}</ref> Miovaova ny hamafin'ny aretina.<ref name="Ash2007" /> Ny pnemonia dia matetika vokatry ny [[Virosy|viriosy]] na [[bakteria]] ary tsy dia fahita firy noho ny [[Zavamananaina bitika|zavamananaina]] bitika hafa, [[fanafody]] sasany na toe-javatra toy ny aretina autoimmune.<ref name="RespText09" /><ref name="Jeff2010">{{Cite book|last=Jeffrey C. Pommerville|title=Alcamo's Fundamentals of Microbiology|edition=9th|publisher=Jones & Bartlett|location=Sudbury, MA|year=2010|page=323|quote=|isbn=978-0-7637-6258-2|oclc=|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RJNQwQB8IxIC&pg=PA323|access-date=|archive-date=20 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420180101/https://books.google.com/books?id=RJNQwQB8IxIC&pg=PA323|url-status=live}}</ref> Anisan'ny mety hampidi-doza ny fibrosis cystika, ny aretin'ny havokavoka mitaiza (COPD), ny aretin'ny sela misy sickle cell, [[Sohika|ny asma]], [[Diabeta|ny diabeta]], ny tsy fahombiazan'ny fo, ny tantaran'ny fifohana sigara, ny tsy fahafahana mikohaka (toy ny aorian'ny fahatapahan'ny lalan-dra ), ary ny hery fiarovana malemy . Matetika ny famaritana aretina dia mifototra amin'ny soritr'aretina sy ny fizahana ara-batana.<ref name="NIH2011Diag" /> Mety hanampy amin'ny fanamafisana ny aretina ny fitiliana taratra X amin'ny tratra, ny fitiliana ra, ary ny kolontsaina amin'ny rora . Azo sokajiana araka ny toerana nahazoana azy ny aretina, toy ny pnemonia azo avy amin'ny fiaraha-monina na hopitaly na mifandraika amin'ny fahasalamana. Misy [[vaksiny]] azo ampiasaina hisorohana ny karazana pnemonia sasany.<ref name="NIH2011Pre" /> Ny fomba fisorohana hafa dia ny fanasana tanana sy ny tsy fifohana sigara. Miankina amin'ny antony fototra ny fitsaboana. Ny pnemonia izay heverina fa vokatry ny bakteria dia tsaboina amin'ny [[Antibiôtika|antibiotika]] . Raha mafy ny pnemonia dia matetika ampidirina hopitaly ilay olona voan'izany.<ref name="NIH2011" /> Azo ampiasaina ny fitsaboana oksizenina raha ambany ny tahan'ny oksizenina.<ref name="NIH2011Tx" /> Isan-taona, eo amin'ny 450 eo ho eo ny olona voan'ny pnemonia&nbsp;olona an-tapitrisany maneran-tany (7%-n'ny mponina) ary miteraka fahafatesana eo amin'ny 4 tapitrisa eo ho eo.<ref name="Lancet11">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Ruuskanen O, Lahti E, Jennings LC, Murdoch DR|title=Viral pneumonia|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_april-9-15-2011_377_9773/page/1264|journal=Lancet|volume=377|issue=9773|pages=1264–75|date=April 2011|pmid=21435708|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61459-6|pmc=7138033}}</ref><ref name="CochraneTx13">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lodha R, Kabra SK, Pandey RM|title=Antibiotics for community-acquired pneumonia in children|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=6|issue=6|page=CD004874|date=June 2013|pmid=23733365|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD004874.pub4|pmc=7017636}}</ref> Nihatsara be ny fahavelomana noho ny fampidirana antibiotika sy vaksiny tamin'ny taonjato faha-20.<ref name="Lancet11" /> Na izany aza, any amin'ireo firenena an-dalam-pandrosoana, ary koa eo amin'ireo zokiolona, ireo tanora ary ireo marary mitaiza, ny pnemonia dia mbola antony voalohany mahatonga fahafatesana.<ref name="Lancet11" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=George|first=Ronald B.|title=Chest medicine : essentials of pulmonary and critical care medicine|year=2005|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-7817-5273-2|page=353|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZzlX2zJMbdgC&pg=PA353|edition=5th|access-date=27 July 2020|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502042842/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZzlX2zJMbdgC&pg=PA353|url-status=live}}</ref> Matetika ny pnemonia dia manafohy ny fe-potoana fijaliana eo amin'ireo efa akaiky ny fahafatesana ary noho izany dia nantsoina hoe "sakaizan'ny rangahy antitra". == References == <references /> [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] oj877kpiq5ajzotml8lr98z55kgzkgw 0 298944 1152159 1151109 2026-10-20T16:57:19Z InternetArchiveBot 25011 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261020sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1152159 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | name = Famonoan-tena | synonym = | image = Édouard Manet - Le Suicidé (ca. 1877).jpg | image_size = | image_thumbtime = | alt = | caption = ''[[Le Suicidé|The Suicide]]'' by [[Édouard Manet]] | pronounce = | specialty = [[Psychiatry]] | symptoms = | onset = >70 and 15–30 years old<ref name=WHO2014Pre/> | duration = | causes = [[Hanging]], [[pesticide poisoning]], [[gun|firearms]]<ref name=WHO2016/><ref name=Aj2008/> | risks = [[Major depressive disorder|Depression]], [[bipolar disorder]], [[autism]], [[schizophrenia]], [[personality disorder]]s, [[anxiety disorder]]s, [[alcoholism]], [[substance abuse]]<ref name=WHO2016/><ref name=Hawton2009/><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = De La Vega D, Giner L, Courtet P| s2cid = 4549236 | title = Suicidality in Subjects With Anxiety or Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders: Recent Advances | journal = Current Psychiatry Reports | volume = 20 | issue = 4 | pages = 26 | date = March 2018 | pmid = 29594718 | doi = 10.1007/s11920-018-0885-z }}</ref><ref name=Autism2014/> | diagnosis = | differential = | prevention = Limiting access to methods of suicide, treating mental disorders and substance misuse, careful [[Mass media|media]] reporting about suicide, improving social and economic conditions<ref name=WHO2016/> | treatment = | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = 12 per 100,000 per year<ref name=Var2012/> | deaths = 793,000 / 1.5% of deaths (2016)<ref name=WHO2019Epi>{{cite web | title=Suicide across the world (2016) | website=World Health Organization | date=2019-09-27 | url=https://www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/suicide/suicideprevent/en/ | access-date=2019-10-16 | archive-date=2004-07-01 | archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20040701084208/http://www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/suicide/suicideprevent/en/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=NEJM2020/> }} Ny '''famonoan-tena''' dia ny fanaovana fanahy iniana hahahafaty ny tena<ref name="Sted2006">{{Cite book|title=Stedman's Medical Dictionary|url=https://archive.org/details/stedmansmedicald00sted_3|url-access=registration|year=2006|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-7817-3390-8|edition=28th}}</ref>. Ireo aretina ara-tsaina — anisan'izany ny [[Fahakiviana lalina (psychiatrie)|fahaketrahana]], ny fikorontanana bipolary, ny aotisma, ny sizofrenia, ny fikorontanan'ny toetra, ny fikorontanan'ny tebiteby, ary ny fidorohana zava-mahadomelina — anisan'izany ny fisotroan-toaka sy ny fampiasana benzôdiazepinina — dia anton-javatra mety hampidi-doza<ref name="WHO2016" /><ref name="Hawton2009">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Hawton K, van Heeringen K|s2cid=208790312|title=Suicide|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_april-18-24-2009_373_9672/page/1372|journal=Lancet|volume=373|issue=9672|pages=1372–81|date=April 2009|pmid=19376453|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60372-X}}</ref><ref name="Dod2017">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Dodds TJ|title=Prescribed Benzodiazepines and Suicide Risk: A Review of the Literature|journal=The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders|volume=19|issue=2|date=March 2017|pmid=28257172|doi=10.4088/PCC.16r02037|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="Autism2014">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Richa S, Fahed M, Khoury E, Mishara B|s2cid=25741716|title=Suicide in autism spectrum disorders|journal=Archives of Suicide Research|volume=18|issue=4|pages=327–39|date=2014|pmid=24713024|doi=10.1080/13811118.2013.824834}}</ref>. Ny famonoan-tena sasany dia fihetsika tampoka vokatry ny adin-tsaina, toy ny olana ara-bola, olana ara-pifandraisana toy ny fisarahana, na fampijaliana<ref name="WHO2016" /><ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Bottino SM, Bottino CM, Regina CG, Correia AV, Ribeiro WS|title=Cyberbullying and adolescent mental health: systematic review|journal=Cadernos de Saude Publica|volume=31|issue=3|pages=463–75|date=March 2015|pmid=25859714|doi=10.1590/0102-311x00036114|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Suicide rates rising across the U.S. {{!}} CDC Online Newsroom {{!}} CDC|url=https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2018/p0607-suicide-prevention.html|website=www.cdc.gov|access-date=19 September 2019|language=en-us|date=11 April 2019|quote=Relationship problems or loss, substance misuse; physical health problems; and job, money, legal or housing stress often contributed to risk for suicide.|archive-date=9 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509013348/https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2018/p0607-suicide-prevention.html|url-status=live}}</ref>. Ireo izay efa nanandrana namono tena teo aloha dia atahorana kokoa ny hanao izany amin'ny ho avy<ref name="WHO2016" />. Ny ezaka mahomby amin'ny fisorohana ny famonoan-tena dia ahitana ny famerana ny fidirana amin'ny fomba famonoan-tena—toy ny basy, zava-mahadomelina ary poizina; fitsaboana ny aretina ara-tsaina sy ny fampiasana tafahoatra ny zava-mahadomelina; tatitra amim-pitandremana momba ny famonoan-tena ataon'ny media ; ary fanatsarana ny toe-karena<ref name="WHO2016">{{Cite web|title=Suicide Fact sheet N°398|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs398/en/|website=WHO|access-date=3 March 2016|date=April 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304192347/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs398/en/|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/suicide/resource_media.pdf|title=Preventing Suicide A Resource for Media Professionals|last=|first=|year=2008|isbn=978-92-4-159707-4|location=|pages=|access-date=2020-08-08|archive-date=2021-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829073711/https://www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/suicide/resource_media.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>. Na dia mahazatra aza ny laharana finday hotline amin'ny krizy, dia mbola tsy dia nodinihina tsara izy ireo<ref name="Sak2011">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Sakinofsky I|title=The current evidence base for the clinical care of suicidal patients: strengths and weaknesses|journal=Canadian Journal of Psychiatry|volume=52|issue=6 Suppl 1|pages=7S–20S|date=June 2007|pmid=17824349|quote=Other suicide prevention strategies that have been considered are crisis centres and hotlines, method control, and media education... There is minimal research on these strategies. Even though crisis centres and hotlines are used by suicidal youth, information about their impact on suicidal behaviour is lacking.}}</ref><ref name="Zal2016">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Zalsman G, Hawton K, Wasserman D, van Heeringen K, Arensman E, Sarchiapone M, Carli V, Höschl C, Barzilay R, Balazs J, Purebl G, Kahn JP, Sáiz PA, Lipsicas CB, Bobes J, Cozman D, Hegerl U, Zohar J|display-authors=6|title=Suicide prevention strategies revisited: 10-year systematic review|journal=The Lancet. Psychiatry|volume=3|issue=7|pages=646–59|date=July 2016|pmid=27289303|doi=10.1016/S2215-0366(16)30030-X|quote=Other approaches that need further investigation include gatekeeper training, education of physicians, and internet and helpline support.}}</ref>. Miovaova arakaraka ny firenena ny fomba famonoan-tena ampiasaina matetika indrindra, ary misy ifandraisany amin'ny fisian'ny fomba mahomby izany<ref name="Yip2012">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Yip PS, Caine E, Yousuf S, Chang SS, Wu KC, Chen YY|title=Means restriction for suicide prevention|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_june-23-29-2012_379_9834/page/2393|journal=Lancet|volume=379|issue=9834|pages=2393–9|date=June 2012|pmid=22726520|pmc=6191653|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60521-2}}</ref>. Anisan'ny fomba mahazatra amin'ny famonoan-tena ny fanantonana, ny fanapoizinana amin'ny fanafody famonoana bibikely, ary ny basy<ref name="WHO2016" /><ref name="Aj2008">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Ajdacic-Gross V, Weiss MG, Ring M, Hepp U, Bopp M, Gutzwiller F, Rössler W|title=Methods of suicide: international suicide patterns derived from the WHO mortality database|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_world-health-organization-bulletin_2008-09_86_9/page/726|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|volume=86|issue=9|pages=726–32|date=September 2008|pmid=18797649|pmc=2649482|doi=10.2471/BLT.07.043489}}</ref>. Nahafaty olona 828.000 maneran-tany ny famonoan-tena tamin'ny taona 2015, fitomboana raha oharina amin'ny fahafatesana 712.000 tamin'ny taona 1990<ref name="GBD2015De">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Wang H, Naghavi M, Allen C, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Carter A, etal|title=Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=Lancet|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1459–1544|date=October 2016|pmid=27733281|pmc=5388903|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1}}</ref><ref name="GDB2013">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Naghavi M, Wang H, Lozano R, Davis A, Liang X, Zhou M, etal|title=Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_the-lancet_january-10-16-2015_385_9963/page/117|journal=Lancet|volume=385|issue=9963|pages=117–71|date=January 2015|pmid=25530442|pmc=4340604|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2}}</ref>. Izany no mahatonga ny famonoan-tena ho antony faha-10 mahatonga fahafatesana maneran-tany<ref name="Hawton2009" /><ref name="Var2012">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Värnik P|title=Suicide in the world|journal=International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health|volume=9|issue=3|pages=760–71|date=March 2012|pmid=22690161|pmc=3367275|doi=10.3390/ijerph9030760}}</ref>. Manodidina ny 1.5%-n'ny olona no maty noho ny famonoan-tena<ref name="NEJM2020">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Fazel S, Runeson B|s2cid=210332277|title=Suicide|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|date=January 2020|volume=382|issue=3|pages=266–74|doi=10.1056/NEJMra1902944|pmid=31940700}}</ref>. Ao anatin'ny taona iray dia eo amin'ny 12 isaky ny olona 100.000 eo ho eo izany<ref name="Var2012" />. Amin'ny ankapobeny, avo kokoa ny tahan'ny famonoan-tena tanteraka eo amin'ny lehilahy noho ny eo amin'ny vehivavy, manomboka amin'ny in-1.5 heny any amin'ny [[firenena an-dalam-pandrosoana]] ka hatramin'ny in-3.5 any amin'ny [[firenena mandroso]]<ref name="WHO2014Pre" />. Ny famonoan-tena dia matetika hita indrindra amin'ireo mihoatra ny 70 taona; na izany aza, any amin'ny firenena sasany, ireo eo anelanelan'ny 15 sy 30 taona no tena atahorana ho faty<ref name="WHO2014Pre">{{Cite book|title=Preventing suicide: a global imperative|date=2014|publisher=WHO|isbn=978-92-4-156477-9|pages=7, 20, 40}}</ref>. I Eoropa no nanana ny tahan'ny famonoan-tena ambony indrindra araka ny faritra tamin'ny taona 2015<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/gho/mental_health/suicide_rates_crude/en/|title=Suicide rates per (100 000 population)|website=World Health Organization|access-date=2020-08-08|archive-date=2018-09-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919174425/http://www.who.int/gho/mental_health/suicide_rates_crude/en/|url-status=live}}</ref>. Tombanana ho eo amin'ny 10 ka hatramin'ny 20 eo ho eo ny&nbsp;tapitrisa isan-taona ny andrana famonoan-tena tsy mahafaty<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Bertolote JM, Fleischmann A|title=Suicide and psychiatric diagnosis: a worldwide perspective|journal=World Psychiatry|volume=1|issue=3|pages=181–5|date=October 2002|pmid=16946849|pmc=1489848}}</ref>. Mety hiteraka ratra sy fahasembanana maharitra ny andrana famonoan-tena tsy mahafaty<ref name="EB2011" />. Any amin'ny [[Tontolo Tandrefana|tontolo tandrefana]], ny andrana dia mahazatra kokoa amin'ny tanora sy ny vehivavy<ref name="EB2011">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Chang B, Gitlin D, Patel R|title=The depressed patient and suicidal patient in the emergency department: evidence-based management and treatment strategies|journal=Emergency Medicine Practice|volume=13|issue=9|pages=1–23; quiz 23–4|date=September 2011|pmid=22164363}}</ref>. Ny fomba fijery momba ny famonoan-tena dia voataonan'ny lohahevitra mivelatra momba ny fisiana toy ny fivavahana, ny voninahitra ary ny dikan'ny fiainana<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tomer|first=Adrian|title=Existential and Spiritual Issues in Death Attitudes|date=2013|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-1-136-67690-1|page=282|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hJTruwsicuoC&pg=PA282|access-date=2020-08-08|archive-date=2020-05-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523060929/https://books.google.com/books?id=hJTruwsicuoC&pg=PA282|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|editor2-last=Stepnisky|title=The Wiley-Blackwell companion to major social theorists|date=2011|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|location=Malden, MA|isbn=978-1-4443-9660-7|page=65|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MDwdmVUMIh8C&pg=PA65|access-date=2020-08-08|archive-date=2020-05-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523060833/https://books.google.com/books?id=MDwdmVUMIh8C&pg=PA65|url-status=live}}</ref>. Ny [[Fivavahana abrahamika|fivavahana Abrahamika]] dia mihevitra ny famonoan-tena ho toy ny [[Fahotana|fandikan-dalàna amin'Andriamanitra]], noho ny finoana ny fahamasinan'ny aina<ref>{{Cite book|title=God, Religion, Science, Nature, Culture, and Morality|date=2014|publisher=Archway Publishing|isbn=978-1-4808-1124-9|page=254|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xGGVBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA254|access-date=2020-08-08|archive-date=2020-05-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523060814/https://books.google.com/books?id=xGGVBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA254|url-status=live}}</ref>. Nandritra ny vanim-potoanan'ny samurai tany Japon, ny karazana famonoan-tena fantatra amin'ny anarana hoe seppuku ( ''harakiri'' ) dia nohajaina ho toy ny fomba fanonerana ny tsy fahombiazana na ho toy ny endrika fanoherana<ref>{{Cite book|last=Colt|first=George Howe|title=The enigma of suicide|date=1992|publisher=Simon & Schuster|location=New York|isbn=978-0-671-76071-7|page=139|edition=1st Touchstone|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DOz3hStePfYC&pg=PA139|access-date=2020-08-08|archive-date=2020-05-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200523060811/https://books.google.com/books?id=DOz3hStePfYC&pg=PA139|url-status=live}}</ref>. Ny Sati, fomba fanao voararan'ny [[India Britanika|Raj Britanika]], dia nanantena fa hamono tena amin'ny afo fandevenana ny vadiny ilay mpitondratena Indiana, na an-tsitrapo izany na noho ny faneren'ny fianakaviany sy ny fiaraha-monina<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/news/words/general/020807_witn.shtml|title=Indian woman commits sati suicide|publisher=Bbc.co.uk|date=2002-08-07|access-date=2010-08-26|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110202101233/http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/news/words/general/020807_witn.shtml|archive-date=2011-02-02}}</ref>. Ny famonoan-tena sy ny fikasana hamono tena, na dia tsy ara-dalàna aza taloha, dia tsy toy izany intsony any amin'ny ankamaroan'ny firenena tandrefana<ref name="White2010">{{Cite book|last=White|first=Tony|title=Working with suicidal individuals : a guide to providing understanding, assessment and support|year=2010|publisher=Jessica Kingsley Publishers|location=London|isbn=978-1-84905-115-6|page=12|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p_ZvK-DBYfIC&pg=PT12|access-date=2020-08-08|archive-date=2021-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509013414/https://books.google.com/books?id=p_ZvK-DBYfIC&pg=PT12|url-status=live}}</ref>. Mbola heloka bevava ihany izany any amin'ny firenena sasany<ref name="Islam2006">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lester D|s2cid=35754641|title=Suicide and islam|journal=Archives of Suicide Research|volume=10|issue=1|pages=77–97|year=2006|pmid=16287698|doi=10.1080/13811110500318489}}</ref>. Tamin'ny taonjato faha-20 sy faha-21, ny famonoan-tena dia nampiasaina indraindray ho endrika fihetsiketsehana, ary ny kamikaze sy ny baomba famonoan-tena dia nampiasaina ho tetika ara-miaramila na fampihorohoroana<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Aggarwal N|s2cid=35560934|title=Rethinking suicide bombing|journal=Crisis|volume=30|issue=2|pages=94–7|year=2009|pmid=19525169|doi=10.1027/0227-5910.30.2.94}}</ref>. == Loharano == <references /> [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] p9f5c06bwkr4z37ohf2cz0j8mem0j46 0 299106 1152160 1151107 2026-10-20T16:58:10Z InternetArchiveBot 25011 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261020sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1152160 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |synonym =Chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD), chronic obstructive airway disease (COAD), chronic bronchitis, emphysema, pulmonary emphysema |image =Centrilobular emphysema 865 lores.jpg |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =[[Gross pathology]] of a lung showing [[Pneumatosis#Centrilobular emphysema|centrilobular emphysema]] characteristic of smoking. This close-up of the [[Fixation (histology)|fixed]], cut lung surface shows multiple cavities filled with heavy [[black carbon]] deposits. |pronounce = |specialty =[[Pulmonology]] |symptoms =[[Shortness of breath]], [[cough]] with [[sputum]] production.<ref name=GOLD2017Chp1/><!--pp. 25–26--> |onset =Over 40 years old<ref name=WHO2015/> |duration =Long term<ref name=WHO2015/> |causes =[[Tobacco smoking]], [[air pollution]], [[genetics]]<ref name=Lancet2012/> |risks = |diagnosis =[[pulmonary function test|Lung function test]]s<ref name=Nathell/> |differential =[[Asthma]]<ref name=WHO2015/> |prevention =Improving indoor and outdoor [[air quality]], [[tobacco control]] measures<ref name=WHO2015/> |treatment =[[smoking cessation|Stopping smoking]], [[respiratory rehabilitation]], [[lung transplantation]]<ref name=Lancet2012/> |medication =[[Vaccination]]s, inhaled [[bronchodilator]]s, inhaled [[Corticosteroid|steroids]], [[oxygen therapy|long-term oxygen therapy]]<ref name=Lancet2012/><ref name=GOLD2007/> |prognosis = |frequency =174.5&nbsp;million (2015)<ref name=GBD2015Pre/> |deaths =3.2&nbsp;million (2019)<ref name=WHO2021Fact>{{cite web |title=Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) |url=https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-(copd) |website=www.who.int |access-date=28 April 2022 |language=en |archive-date=18 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418080747/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs315/en/ |url-status=live }}</ref> }}Ny aretin’ny havokavoka mitaiza (COPD) dia karazana aretin’ny havokavoka mitaiza miavaka amin’ny fahasarotana maharitra amin’ny fifohana rivotra sy ny fihenan’ny fikorianan’ny rivotra ao amin’ny lalan-drivotra. [1] [2] Ny soritr’aretina fototra dia ahitana indrindra ny fahasemporana rehefa miaina sy ny kohaka maharitra, izay matetika miaraka amin’ny famokarana rora. [1] Ny COPD dia aretina miandalana, midika izany fa mihamafy tsikelikely ny fisehoany rehefa mandeha ny fotoana. [3] Rehefa mandroso ny aretina dia mety hitarika fahasahiranana amin’ny fanaovana asa andavanandro izany, toy ny fandehanana an-tongotra lavitra, ny fiakarana tohatra, na ny fiakanjoana. [4] Ny bronchitis mitaiza sy ny emphysema dia anarana nampiasaina taloha hilazana endrika samihafa amin’ny COPD. [5] [6] [7] Ny “bronchitis mitaiza” dia mbola ampiasaina amin’izao fotoana izao hilazana kohaka mamokatra (mamoaka rora) izay maharitra farafahakeliny telo volana isan-taona mandritra ny roa taona misesy. [1] Ireo olona manana io karazana kohaka maharitra io dia manana loza mitombo ho voan’ny COPD. [8] Ny teny hoe “emphysema” kosa dia ampiasaina hilazana fahasimban’ny havokavoka izay ahitana fitangoronana rivotra na entona tsy ara-dalàna ao anatin’ny sela havokavoka. [9] Ny antony mahazatra indrindra dia ny fifohana sigara, ary vitsy kokoa ny tranga noho ny anton-javatra toy ny fahalotoan'ny rivotra sy ny fototarazo.<ref name="Lancet2012">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Decramer M, Janssens W, Miravitlles M|title=Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_april-7-13-2012_379_9823/page/1341|journal=Lancet|volume=379|issue=9823|pages=1341–51|date=April 2012|pmid=22314182|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60968-9|pmc=7172377|citeseerx=10.1.1.1000.1967}}</ref> Any amin'ny [[firenena an-dalam-pandrosoana]], ny iray amin'ireo loharanon'ny fahalotoan'ny rivotra mahazatra dia ny afo fanafanana sy fandrahoan-tsakafo tsy dia tsara rivotra.<ref name="WHO2015">{{Cite web|title=Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Fact sheet N°315|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs315/en/|website=WHO|access-date=4 March 2016|date=January 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304082716/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs315/en/|archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> Ny fiparitahana maharitra amin'ireo zavatra manelingelina ireo dia miteraka fivontosana ao amin'ny [[havokavoka]], ka miteraka fihenan'ny lalan-drivotra kely sy fahasimban'ny sela ao amin'ny havokavoka.<ref name="GOLD2007">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Rabe KF, Hurd S, Anzueto A, Barnes PJ, Buist SA, Calverley P, Fukuchi Y, Jenkins C, Rodriguez-Roisin R, van Weel C, Zielinski J|s2cid=20863981|title=Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-respiratory-critical-care-medicine_2007-09-15_176_6/page/n41|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=176|issue=6|pages=532–55|date=September 2007|pmid=17507545|doi=10.1164/rccm.200703-456SO|hdl=2066/51740|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ny aretina dia mifototra amin'ny fivezivezen'ny rivotra ratsy araka ny fandrefesana amin'ny alalan'ny fitsapana ny fiasan'ny havokavoka.<ref name="Nathell">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Nathell L, Nathell M, Malmberg P, Larsson K|title=COPD diagnosis related to different guidelines and spirometry techniques|journal=Respiratory Research|volume=8|issue=1|pages=89|date=December 2007|pmid=18053200|pmc=2217523|doi=10.1186/1465-9921-8-89}}</ref> Mifanohitra amin'ny [[Sohika|asma]], ny fihenan'ny fivezivezen'ny rivotra dia tsy mihatsara firy amin'ny fampiasana bronchodilator.<ref name="WHO2015" /><ref name="WebM2019">{{Cite web|title=Asthma vs. COPD: What's the Difference?|website=WebMD|date=2019-01-30|url=https://www.webmd.com/lung/copd/asthma-vs-copd|access-date=2019-12-26|archive-date=2019-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226050947/https://www.webmd.com/lung/copd/asthma-vs-copd|url-status=live}}</ref> Azo sorohina ny ankamaroan'ny tranga amin'ny alàlan'ny fampihenana ny fihanaky ny anton-javatra mety hampidi-doza.<ref name="Piro2012">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Pirozzi C, Scholand MB|title=Smoking cessation and environmental hygiene|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_medical-clinics-of-north-america_2012-07_96_4/page/n192|journal=The Medical Clinics of North America|volume=96|issue=4|pages=849–67|date=July 2012|pmid=22793948|doi=10.1016/j.mcna.2012.04.014}}</ref> Tafiditra ao anatin'izany ny tsy fifohana sigara sy ny fanatsarana ny kalitaon'ny rivotra anatiny sy ivelany.<ref name="WHO2015" /> Na dia mety hampihena ny fiharatsiana aza ny fitsaboana, dia tsy misy fanafody fantatra.<ref name="WHO2015" /> Anisan'ny fitsaboana ny fialana amin'ny fifohana sigara, ny fanaovana vaksiny, ary ny fanarenana ny taovam-pisefoana.<ref name="Lancet2012" /><ref name="Cag2023">{{Cite journal|last=Cagle SD|first=Jr|last2=Landrum|first2=LS|last3=Kennedy|first3=AM|title=Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Diagnosis and Management.|journal=American family physician|date=June 2023|volume=107|issue=6|pages=604-612|pmid=37327161}}</ref> Ny bronchodilator voalohany dia matetika LAMA, miaraka amin'ny LABA sy steroïde mifoka rivotra raha ilaina.<ref name="Cag2023" /> Mety handray soa avy amin'ny fitsaboana oksizenina maharitra na famindrana havokavoka ny olona sasany.<ref name="GOLD2007" /> Ho an'ireo izay miharatsy haingana ny toe-pahasalamany, mety ilaina ny fampiasana fanafody, [[Antibiôtika|antibiotika]], steroïde, ary ny fampidirana hopitaly bebe kokoa.<ref name="Lancet2012" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Dobler|first=Claudia C.|last2=Morrow|first2=Allison S.|last3=Beuschel|first3=Bradley|last4=Farah|first4=Magdoleen H.|last5=Majzoub|first5=Abdul M.|last6=Wilson|first6=Michael E.|last7=Hasan|first7=Bashar|last8=Seisa|first8=Mohamed O.|last9=Daraz|first9=Lubna|last10=Prokop|first10=Larry J.|last11=Murad|first11=M. Hassan|last12=Wang|first12=Zhen|title=Pharmacologic Therapies in Patients With Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|date=25 February 2020|volume=172|issue=6|pages=413–422|doi=10.7326/M19-3007|pmid=32092762}}</ref> Tamin'ny taona 2015, olona 174.5 eo ho eo no voakasiky ny COPD&nbsp;olona an-tapitrisany (12% amin'ny mponina manerantany).<ref name="GBD2015Pre">{{Cite journal|last=GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=Lancet|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–1602|date=October 2016|pmid=27733282|pmc=5055577|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6}}</ref><ref name="Gold2023">{{Cite journal|last=Agusti|first=A|last2=Böhm|first2=M|last3=Celli|first3=B|last4=Criner|first4=GJ|last5=Garcia-Alvarez|first5=A|last6=Martinez|first6=F|last7=Sin|first7=DD|last8=Vogelmeier|first8=CF|title=GOLD COPD DOCUMENT 2023: a brief update for practicing cardiologists.|journal=Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society|date=26 May 2023|pages=1-10|doi=10.1007/s00392-023-02217-0|pmid=37233751}}</ref> Any Etazonia dia misy fiantraikany amin'ny 6%-n'ny olona izany.<ref name="Cag2023" /> Matetika izy io no mitranga amin'ny olona mihoatra ny 40 taona.<ref name="WHO2015" /> Mitovy ny fiantraikan'izany eo amin'ny lahy sy ny vavy.<ref name="WHO2015" /> Tamin'ny taona 2015, niteraka 3.2&nbsp;tapitrisa ny fahafatesana, mihoatra ny 90% any amin'ny firenena an-dalam-pandrosoana,<ref name="WHO2015" /> niakatra avy amin'ny 2.4&nbsp;tapitrisa ny fahafatesana tamin'ny 1990.<ref name="GBD2015De">{{Cite journal|last=GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=Lancet|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1459–1544|date=October 2016|pmid=27733281|pmc=5388903|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1}}</ref><ref name="GDB2013">{{Cite journal|last=GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_the-lancet_january-10-16-2015_385_9963/page/117|journal=Lancet|volume=385|issue=9963|pages=117–71|date=January 2015|pmid=25530442|pmc=4340604|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2}}</ref> Vinavinaina hitombo hatrany ny isan'ny fahafatesana noho ny fiakaran'ny tahan'ny fifohana sigara any amin'ny firenena an-dalam-pandrosoana, ary ny fitomboan'ny isan'ny mponina mihantitra any amin'ny firenena maro.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Mathers CD, Loncar D|title=Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030|journal=PLOS Medicine|volume=3|issue=11|pages=e442|date=November 2006|pmid=17132052|pmc=1664601|doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.0030442}}</ref> Niafara tamin'ny tombana ho 2.1 dolara amerikana ny fandaniana ara-toekarena&nbsp;trillion tamin'ny taona 2010.<ref name="Cost2013">{{Cite book|last=Lomborg|first=Bjørn|title=Global problems, local solutions : costs and benefits|year=2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-03959-9|page=143|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cRZaAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA143|access-date=2020-07-12|archive-date=2016-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160517163338/https://books.google.com/books?id=cRZaAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA143|url-status=live}}</ref> == References == <references /> [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 8bv79gbbwgb2hz6n5boicecc2h4bjkb 0 299107 1152161 1135379 2026-10-20T16:59:45Z InternetArchiveBot 25011 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261020sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1152161 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition |name =Shingles |synonym =Zoster, herpes zoster, zona |image =Herpes zoster neck.png |image_size = |image_thumbtime = |alt = |caption =Herpes zoster blisters on the neck and shoulder |pronounce = |specialty =[[Dermatology]] |symptoms =Painful rash occurring in a stripe<ref name=Pink2015/> |onset = |duration =2–4 weeks<ref name=CDC2014Sym/> |causes =[[Varicella zoster virus]] (VZV)<ref name=Pink2015/> |risks =Old age, [[Immunosuppression|poor immune function]], having had chickenpox before 18 months of age<ref name=Pink2015/> |diagnosis =Based on symptoms<ref name=NEJM2013/> |differential =[[Herpes simplex]], [[angina]], [[insect bite]]s<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kahan|first1=Scott|title=In a Page Medicine|date=2003|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=9781405103251|page=215|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K4vaMVeoQooC&pg=PA215|df=|access-date=2017-09-11|archive-date=2019-12-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217053815/https://books.google.com/books?id=K4vaMVeoQooC&pg=PA215|url-status=live}}</ref> |prevention =[[Shingles vaccine]]<ref name=Pink2015/> |treatment = |medication =[[Aciclovir]] (if given early), pain medication<ref name=NEJM2013/> |prognosis = |frequency =33% (at some point)<ref name=Pink2015/> |deaths =6,400 (with chickenpox)<ref name=GBD2015De>{{cite journal| vauthors = ((GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators)) |title=Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=Lancet|date=8 October 2016|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1459–1544|pmid=27733281|pmc=5388903|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1}}</ref> }}Ny shingles, fantatra ihany koa amin’ny hoe zoster na herpes zoster, dia aretina virosy ateraky ny famohazan’ny viriosy varicella-zoster, izay miteraka fisehoan’ny maimaika eo amin’ny hoditra miaraka amin’ny fivontosana amin’ny faritra voafaritra iray amin’ny vatana. [1] [2] Matetika, io maimaika io dia miseho amin’ny endrika tsipika tokana, malalaka, ary matetika hita amin’ny ilany iray amin’ny vatana (havia na havanana) na amin’ny tarehy. [3] Alohan’ny hisehoan’ny maimaika, 2 hatramin’ny 4 andro mialoha, dia mety hisy soritr’aretina toy ny mangotsokotsoka na fanaintainana eo amin’ilay faritra voakasika. [3] [4] Amin’ny ankapobeny dia vitsy ny soritr’aretina hafa, saingy mety hisy tazo, aretin’andoha, na fahatsapana harerahana. [3] [5] Matetika ny maimaika dia sitrana ao anatin’ny 2 hatramin’ny 4 herinandro. [1] Na izany aza, amin’ny olona sasany dia mety hijanona maharitra ny fanaintainan’ny nerveo, na dia efa sitrana aza ny maimaika. Io toe-javatra io dia antsoina hoe neuralgia postherpetic (PHN), ary mety haharitra volana na taona maro mihitsy aza. [3] Amin’ny olona manana hery fiarovana ambany, dia mety hivelatra be kokoa ny maimaika ary hahitana faritra maro amin’ny vatana. [3] Raha mahakasika ny maso kosa ny aretina, dia mety hiteraka fahasarotana lehibe, anisan’izany ny fahaverezan’ny fahitana. [1] [6] Ny shingles dia vokatry ny fihetsehan'ny viriosy varicella zoster (VZV) indray ao amin'ny vatan'ny olona iray. Ny aretina nendra dia vokatry ny aretina voalohany amin'ny VZV.<ref name="Pink2015" /> Raha vao sitrana ny nendra dia mety hijanona tsy miasa ao amin'ny [[Nerônina|sela nerveo]] ny viriosy.<ref name="Pink2015" /> Rehefa miasa indray izy dia mandeha avy amin'ny vatan'ny nerveo mankany amin'ny faran'ny hoditra, ka miteraka vay.<ref name="Gag2019">{{Cite journal|last=Gagliardi|first=Anna Mz|last2=Andriolo|first2=Brenda Ng|last3=Torloni|first3=Maria Regina|last4=Soares|first4=Bernardo Go|last5=de Oliveira Gomes|first5=Juliana|last6=Andriolo|first6=Regis B.|last7=Canteiro Cruz|first7=Eduardo|date=7 November 2019|title=Vaccines for preventing herpes zoster in older adults|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=2019|issue=11|pages=|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD008858.pub4|issn=1469-493X|pmc=6836378|pmid=31696946}}</ref> Anisan'ny mety hampidi-doza ny fahanterana, ny tsy fahampian'ny hery fiarovana, ary ny efa voan'ny nendra talohan'ny 18 volana.<ref name="Pink2015" /> Mbola tsy mazava tsara ny fomba ijanonan'ny viriosy ao amin'ny vatana na ny fomba hiverenan'izany miasa indray.<ref name="Pink2015" /> Ny fihanaky ny viriosy ao amin'ny vay dia mety hiteraka nendra amin'ny olona tsy voan'izany, saingy tsy hiteraka shingles. Matetika ny famaritana ny aretina dia mifototra amin'ny famantarana sy ny soritr'aretin'ny olona iray.<ref name="NEJM2013">{{Cite journal|last=Cohen|first=JI|title=Clinical practice: Herpes zoster|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_new-england-journal-of-medicine_2013-07-18_369_3/page/255|journal=[[The New England Journal of Medicine]]|date=18 July 2013|volume=369|issue=3|pages=255–63|pmid=23863052|doi=10.1056/NEJMcp1302674|pmc=4789101}}</ref> Tsy mitovy amin'ny viriosy herpes simplex ny viriosy Varicella zoster; na izany aza, anisan'ny fianakaviana viriosy iray ihany izy ireo. Mampihena ny mety hisian'ny shingles hatramin'ny 50% ka hatramin'ny 90% ny vaksiny miady amin'ny shingles, arakaraka ny vaksiny ampiasaina.<ref name="Cun2016">{{Cite journal|last=Cunningham|first=AL|title=The herpes zoster subunit vaccine|journal=Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy|date=2016|volume=16|issue=2|pages=265–71|doi=10.1517/14712598.2016.1134481|pmid=26865048}}</ref> Mampihena ny tahan'ny neuralgia postherpetika ihany koa izany, ary raha misy shingles, dia mihena ny hamafiny.<ref name="Pink2015" /> Raha mipoitra ny shingles, ny fanafody antiviral toy ny aciclovir dia afaka mampihena ny hamafin'ny aretina sy ny faharetany raha atomboka ao anatin'ny 72 ora aorian'ny fisehoan'ny maimaika.<ref name="NEJM2013" /> Tsy misy porofo mampiseho fiantraikany manan-danja amin'ny tahan'ny neuralgia postherpetika ny fanafody antiviral na steroïde.<ref>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Chen N, Li Q, Yang J, Zhou M, Zhou D, He L|display-authors=3|title=Antiviral treatment for preventing postherpetic neuralgia|journal=[[Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews]]|date=6 February 2014|volume=2|issue=2|pages=CD006866|pmid=24500927|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD006866.pub3}}</ref><ref name="pmid23543541">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Han Y, Zhang J, Chen N, He L, Zhou M, Zhu C|display-authors=3|title=Corticosteroids for preventing postherpetic neuralgia|journal=[[Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews]]|date=28 March 2013|volume=3|issue=3|pages=CD005582|pmid=23543541|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD005582.pub4|editor-last=Han|editor-first=Ying}}</ref> Azo ampiasaina ny Paracetamol, NSAID, na opioid mba hanampiana amin'ny fanaintainana mafy.<ref name="NEJM2013" /> Tombanana ho eo amin'ny ampahatelon'ny olona no voan'ny shingles amin'ny fotoana iray eo amin'ny fiainany.<ref name="Pink2015" /> Na dia mahazatra kokoa amin'ny zokiolona aza ny aretina, dia mety ho voan'ny aretina ihany koa ny ankizy. Ny isan'ny tranga vaovao isan-taona dia eo anelanelan'ny 1.2 ka hatramin'ny 3.4 isaky ny 1.000 taona eo amin'ny olona salama ary 3.9 ka hatramin'ny 11.8 isaky ny 1.000 taona eo amin'ireo mihoatra ny 65 taona.<ref name="Dwo2007">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Dworkin RH, Johnson RW, Breuer J, Gnann JW, Levin MJ, Backonja M, Betts RF, Gershon AA, Haanpaa ML, McKendrick MW, Nurmikko TJ, Oaklander AL, Oxman MN, Pavan-Langston D, Petersen KL, Rowbotham MC, Schmader KE, Stacey BR, Tyring SK, van Wijck AJ, Wallace MS, Wassilew SW, Whitley RJ|display-authors=3|title=Recommendations for the management of herpes zoster|journal=[[Clin. Infect. Dis.]]|volume=44 Suppl 1|pages=S1–26|year=2007|pmid=17143845|doi=10.1086/510206}}</ref> Eo amin'ny antsasaky ny olona velona hatramin'ny faha-85 taonany no hiharan'ny fanafihana iray farafahakeliny, ary latsaky ny 5% no hiharan'ny fanafihana mihoatra ny iray.<ref name="Pink2015" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Honorio T. Benzon|title=Essentials of Pain Medicine|date=2011|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|location=London|isbn=9781437735932|page=358|edition=3rd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9UuAWD2FTFsC&pg=PA358|access-date=2017-09-11|archive-date=2019-12-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217053808/https://books.google.com/books?id=9UuAWD2FTFsC&pg=PA358|url-status=live}}</ref> Efa fantatra hatramin'ny andro fahiny ity aretina ity. == References == <references /> [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 2xamorweq4yq48x45gwp1mdwwvf67tv 0 299122 1152163 1149480 2026-10-20T17:02:13Z InternetArchiveBot 25011 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261020sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1152163 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition | name = Sita | synonym = | image = Bronchitis.jpg | image_size = | image_thumbtime = | alt = | caption = Figure A shows the location of the lungs and bronchial tubes. Figure B is an enlarged view of a normal bronchial tube. Figure C is an enlarged view of a bronchial tube with bronchitis. | pronounce = bron-kye-tis | specialty = [[Infectious diseases (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]], [[pulmonology]] | symptoms = [[Cough|Coughing]] up [[mucus]], [[wheezing]], [[shortness of breath]], chest discomfort<ref name=NHLBI2019/> | onset = | duration = | causes = | risks = | diagnosis = | differential = | prevention = | treatment = | medication = | prognosis = | frequency = '''Acute''': ~5% of people a year<ref name=Wen2006/><ref name=YLD2012>{{cite journal |vauthors=Vos T, Flaxman AD, Naghavi M, Lozano R, Michaud C, Ezzati M, Shibuya K, Salomon JA, Abdalla S, Aboyans V | title = Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 | journal = Lancet | volume = 380 | issue = 9859 | pages = 2163–96 |date=December 2012 | pmid = 23245607 | pmc = 6350784 | doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61729-2 |display-authors=etal}}</ref><br>'''Chronic''': ~5% of people<ref name=YLD2012/> | deaths = }} Ny '''sita''' dia aretina miteraka fivontosana ao amin' ny traoka, izany hoe ireo lalan-drivotra lehibe sy antonony ao amin' ny [[havokavoka]], ka mampi[[kohaka]]. Anisan' ny [[soritr' aretina]] mahazatra ny kohaka miaraka amin' ny famokarana [[rora]], ny [[fisefosefoana]], ny [[fahasemporana]], ary ny fanaintainan' ny [[tratra]]. Azo zaraina ho karazany roa ny sita arakaraka ny faharetany: ny sita tampoka izay maharitra fotoana fohy, ary ny sita maharitra izay maharitra ela kokoa ary mety hiverimberina. Ny sita mahery vaika dia mazàna misy kohaka maharitra telo herinandro eo ho eo Amin' ny tranga mihoatra ny 90% dia aretina vokatry ny [[virosy]] no antony. Mety hiparitaka amin' ny alalan' ny rivotra ireo viriosy ireo rehefa mikohaka na mifandray mivantana amin' ny olona ilay marary. Vitsy ny tranga vokatry ny aretina [[bakteria]] toy ny ''Mycoplasma pneumoniae'' na ''Bordetella pertussis''. Anisan' ny mety hiteraka azy io ny [[fifohana sigara]] sy ny [[Vovo-tany|vovoka]] ary ny fahalotoan' ny rivotra. Ny fitsaboana ny sita mahery vaika dia mazàna ahitana fitsaharana, paracetamol (acetaminophen), ary [[fanafody tsy sterôida manohitra fivontosana]] mba hanampiana amin'ny fanalefahana ny tazo.<ref name="Tac2012">{{Cite journal|last=Tackett|first=KL|last2=Atkins|first2=A|s2cid=37651935|title=Evidence-based acute bronchitis therapy|journal=Journal of Pharmacy Practice|date=December 2012|volume=25|issue=6|pages=586–90|pmid=23076965|doi=10.1177/0897190012460826}}</ref><ref name="NIH2019Overview">{{Cite web|title=How Is Bronchitis Treated?|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/brnchi/treatment|access-date=1 April 2015|date=August 4, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402113109/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/brnchi/treatment|archive-date=2 April 2015}}</ref> Ny sita mitaiza dia faritana ho kohaka mamokatra - izay mamoaka rora - izay maharitra telo volana na mihoatra isan-taona mandritra ny roa taona farafahakeliny.<ref name="MeSH2019">{{Cite web|title=MeSH Browser|url=https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D029481|website=meshb.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2020-06-05|archive-date=2020-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023120536/https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D029481|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="GOLD2019">{{Cite book|title=Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease - GOLD|date=2018|pages=4–5, 25|url=https://goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/GOLD-2019-v1.7-FINAL-14Nov2018-WMS.pdf|access-date=29 May 2019|archive-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430194701/https://goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/GOLD-2019-v1.7-FINAL-14Nov2018-WMS.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Maro amin' ny olona voan' ny sita mitaiza no manana [[aretin'ny havokavoka mitaiza|aretin' ny havokavoka mitaiza]] (COPD).<ref name="Harr2012">{{Cite book|first=John J.|last=Reilly|first2=Edwin K.|last2=Silverman|first3=Steven D.|last3=Shapiro|chapter=Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease|pages=2151–9|editor-first=Dan|editor-last=Longo|editor2-first=Anthony|editor2-last=Fauci|editor3-first=Dennis|editor3-last=Kasper|editor4-first=Stephen|editor4-last=Hauser|editor5-first=J.|editor5-last=Jameson|editor6-first=Joseph|editor6-last=Loscalzo|year=2011|title=Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine|edition=18th|publisher=McGraw Hill|isbn=978-0-07-174889-6}}</ref> Ny [[fifohana sigara]] no antony fantatra indrindra, ary misy antony hafa toy ny fahalotoan' ny rivotra sy ny [[fototarazo]] izay tsy dia misy fiantraikany firy.<ref name="Lancet2012">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Decramer M, Janssens W, Miravitlles M|title=Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_april-7-13-2012_379_9823/page/1341|journal=Lancet|volume=379|issue=9823|pages=1341–51|date=April 2012|pmid=22314182|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60968-9|pmc=7172377|citeseerx=10.1.1.1000.1967}}</ref> Anisan' ny fitsaboana ny fialana amin' ny fifohana sigara, ny fanaovana [[vaksiny]], ny fanarenana, ary matetika ny fampiasana bronchodilator sy sterôida amin' ny alalan' ny fifohana rivotra.<ref name="GOLD2007" /> Mety handray soa avy amin'ny fitsaboana ôksizenina maharitra ny olona sasany.<ref name="GOLD2007">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Rabe KF, Hurd S, Anzueto A, Barnes PJ, Buist SA, Calverley P, Fukuchi Y, Jenkins C, Rodriguez-Roisin R, van Weel C, Zielinski J|title=Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-respiratory-critical-care-medicine_2007-09-15_176_6/page/532|journal=Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.|volume=176|issue=6|pages=532–55|date=September 2007|pmid=17507545|doi=10.1164/rccm.200703-456SO|hdl=2066/51740|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Ny sita tampoka (sita mahery vaika) dia iray amin' ny aretina fahita matetika indrindra amin' ny olombelona. Tombanana ho manodidina ny 5% amin' ny olon-dehibe sy 6% amin' ny ankizy no tratran' ity aretina ity farafahakeliny indray mandeha isan-taona. Io no endrika mahazatra indrindra amin' ny sita raha ampitahaina amin' ny sita mitaiza. Any [[Etazonia]], araka ny [[antontanisa]] tamin' ny taona 2018, dia olona manodidina ny 9,3 tapitrisa no voamarina fa voan' ny sita mitaiza. 9johuk0tfr9zflwtxms53paixr20j1d 0 299176 1152162 1135635 2026-10-20T17:01:13Z InternetArchiveBot 25011 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261020sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1152162 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Hatnote|Not to be confused with [[sarcoma]].}} Ny sarkoidosis dia aretina mampiavaka ny fanangonan’ny sela mamaivay tsy ara-dalàna, izay mamorona vongana madinika antsoina hoe granulomas. [1] Matetika ny aretina dia manomboka amin’ny havokavoka, ny hoditra, na ny fihary lymfatika. [1] Mety ho voakasika ihany koa ny maso, ny aty, ny fo ary ny atidoha, na dia tsy fahita firy aza. [1] Amin’ny ankapobeny dia afaka mahakasika taova rehetra izy io. [1] Miankina amin’ny taova voakasika ny soritr’aretina. [1] Matetika dia tsy misy soritr’aretina hita, na malefaka ihany. [1] Raha voakasika ny havokavoka dia mety hiseho ny kohaka, ny fahasemporana, ny fanaintainan’ny tratra, na indraindray ny fisefosefoana. [2] Ny olona sasany dia mety haneho endrika manokana antsoina hoe aretin’i Löfgren, izay ahitana tazo, fihary lymfatika mivonto, aretin’ny tonon-taolana, ary maimaika antsoina hoe erythema nodosum. [1] Tsy fantatra ny antony mahatonga ny sarkoidosis. Misy mino fa mety ho vokatry ny fihetsiky ny hery fiarovana amin'ny zavatra toy ny aretina na zavatra simika amin'ireo izay manana fototarazo mora voan'izany izany.<ref name="Bau2011">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Baughman RP, Culver DA, Judson MA|title=A concise review of pulmonary sarcoidosis|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-respiratory-critical-care-medicine_2011-03-01_183_5/page/573|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=183|issue=5|pages=573–81|date=March 2011|pmid=21037016|pmc=3081278|doi=10.1164/rccm.201006-0865CI}}</ref> Ireo izay manana mpianakavy voakasik'izany no tena atahorana kokoa. Ny famaritana ny aretina dia mifototra amin'ny famantarana sy soritr'aretina, izay mety ho tohanan'ny biopsy.<ref name="Gov2015" /> Ny zavatra hita fa mety mahatonga izany dia ahitana fihary atodinaina lehibe eo amin'ny fakany amin'ny havokavoka amin'ny andaniny roa, kalsioma avo ao amin'ny ra miaraka amin'ny haavon'ny hormonina parathyroid ara-dalàna, na haavon'ny angiotensin-converting enzyme avo ao amin'ny ra.<ref name="Gov2015" /> Ny aretina dia tokony hatao rehefa avy nesorina ireo antony hafa mety hiteraka soritr'aretina mitovy amin'izany toy ny [[Raboka|tioberkilaozy]].<ref name="Gov2015">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Govender P, Berman JS|title=The Diagnosis of Sarcoidosis|journal=Clinics in Chest Medicine|volume=36|issue=4|pages=585–602|date=December 2015|pmid=26593135|doi=10.1016/j.ccm.2015.08.003}}</ref> Mety ho sitrana tsy misy fitsaboana ao anatin'ny taona vitsivitsy ny sarkoidôzy.<ref name="Wj2015" /> Na izany aza, mety ho voan'ny aretina maharitra na mafy ny olona sasany.<ref name="Wj2015" /> Mety hihatsara ny soritr'aretina sasany amin'ny fampiasana fanafody manala fivontosana toy ny [[ibuprofen]].<ref name="Dr2014">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Drent M, Cremers JP, Jansen TL|title=Pulmonology meets rheumatology in sarcoidosis: a review on the therapeutic approach|journal=Current Opinion in Rheumatology|volume=26|issue=3|pages=276–84|date=May 2014|pmid=24614277|doi=10.1097/bor.0000000000000052}}</ref> Raha toa ka miteraka olana ara-pahasalamana lehibe ny aretina, dia tokony homena stéroïde toy ny prednisone.<ref name="Jud2016" /> Indraindray dia azo ampiasaina ny fanafody toy ny methotrexate, chloroquine, na azathioprine mba hampihenana ny voka-dratsin'ny steroïde.<ref name="Jud2016">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Judson MA|title=Corticosteroids in Sarcoidosis|journal=Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North America|volume=42|issue=1|pages=119–35, ix|date=February 2016|pmid=26611555|doi=10.1016/j.rdc.2015.08.012}}</ref> 1–7% ny mety hahafaty <ref name="Wj2015">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Wijsenbeek MS, Culver DA|title=Treatment of Sarcoidosis|journal=Clinics in Chest Medicine|volume=36|issue=4|pages=751–67|date=December 2015|pmid=26593147|doi=10.1016/j.ccm.2015.08.015}}</ref> Latsaky ny 5% ny mety hiverenan'ny aretina amin'ny olona efa voan'izany teo aloha <ref name="NIH2013What" /> Tamin'ny taona 2015, ny sarcoidosis pulmonary sy ny aretin'ny havokavoka interstitial dia nahavoa olona 1.9 tapitrisa manerantany ary nahafaty olona 122.000.<ref name="GBD2015Pre">{{Cite journal|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=Lancet|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–1602|date=October 2016|pmid=27733282|pmc=5055577|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6|last=GBD 2015 Disease Injury Incidence Prevalence Collaborators}}</ref><ref name="GBD2015De">{{Cite journal|title=Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=Lancet|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1459–1544|date=October 2016|pmid=27733281|pmc=5388903|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1|last=GBD 2015 Mortality Causes of Death Collaborators}}</ref> Fahita matetika indrindra amin'ny Skandinavianina izany, saingy mitranga any amin'ny faritra rehetra eran'izao tontolo izao.<ref name="Kob2015" /> Any Etazonia, ny olona mainty hoditra no tena mety ho tratran'izany raha oharina amin'ny olona fotsy hoditra.<ref name="Kob2015">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Kobak S|title=Sarcoidosis: a rheumatologist's perspective|journal=Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease|volume=7|issue=5|pages=196–205|date=October 2015|pmid=26425148|pmc=4572362|doi=10.1177/1759720x15591310}}</ref> Matetika izy io dia manomboka eo anelanelan'ny 20 sy 50 taona.<ref name="NIH2013Risk">{{Cite web|title=Who Is at Risk for Sarcoidosis?|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/sarc/atrisk|publisher=NHLBI|access-date=28 March 2016|date=June 14, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407101620/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/sarc/atrisk|archive-date=7 April 2016}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407101620/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/sarc/atrisk|date=7 April 2016}}</ref> Matetika kokoa amin'ny vehivavy noho ny lehilahy no mitranga izany. Ny sarkoidosis dia nofaritan'ny dokotera anglisy Jonathan Hutchinson voalohany tamin'ny 1877 ho aretina hoditra tsy maharary. == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 8kyzakz1g37t49lixptqi04hlayu3o2 0 300040 1152156 1151100 2026-10-20T16:50:07Z InternetArchiveBot 25011 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20261020sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.6) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 1152156 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=Stroke|synonym=Cerebrovascular accident (CVA), cerebrovascular insult (CVI), brain attack|image=MCA Territory Infarct.svg|image_size=|image_thumbtime=|alt=|caption=[[CT scan]] of the brain showing a prior right-sided [[ischemic]] stroke from blockage of an artery. Changes on a CT may not be visible early on.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gaillard |first1=Frank |title=Ischaemic stroke |url=https://radiopaedia.org/articles/ischaemic-stroke |website=radiopaedia.org |access-date=3 June 2018 |language=en |archive-date=28 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111128000612/https://radiopaedia.org/articles/ischaemic-stroke |url-status=live }}</ref>|pronounce=|specialty=[[Neurology]], stroke medicine|symptoms=[[hemiplegia|Inability to move or feel]] on one side of the body, [[receptive aphasia|problems understanding]] or [[expressive aphasia|speaking]], [[dizziness]], [[Homonymous hemianopsia|loss of vision to one side]]<ref name=Donnan2008/><ref name=HLB2014S/>|onset=|duration=|causes=[[brain ischemia|Ischemic]] (blockage) and [[intracranial hemorrhage|hemorrhagic]] (bleeding)<ref name=HLB2014W/>|risks=[[hypertension|High blood pressure]], [[tobacco smoking]], [[obesity]], [[hypercholesterolemia|high blood cholesterol]], [[diabetes mellitus]], previous [[Transient ischemic attack|TIA]], [[end-stage kidney disease]], [[atrial fibrillation]]<ref name=Donnan2008/><ref name=HLB2014C/><ref name="Hu2018"/>|diagnosis=Based on symptoms with [[medical imaging]] typically used to rule out bleeding<ref name=HLB2014D/><ref name=AFP2009/>|differential=[[Hypoglycemia|Low blood sugar]]<ref name=HLB2014D/>|prevention=|treatment=Based on the type<ref name=Donnan2008/>|medication=|prognosis=Average life expectancy 1 year<ref name=Donnan2008/>|frequency=42.4 million (2015)<ref name=GBD2015Pre/>|deaths=6.3 million (2015)<ref name=GBD2015De/>}} GuyNy '''fahatapahan'ny lalan-dra''' dia [[aretina]] iray izay mahatonga ny tsy fikorianan'ny ra mankany amin'ny [[atidoha]] ho faty.<ref name="HLB2014W">{{Cite web|title=What Is a Stroke?|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/stroke|website=www.nhlbi.nih.gov/|access-date=26 February 2015|date=March 26, 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218230259/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/stroke/|archive-date=18 February 2015|df=}}</ref> Misy karazany roa lehibe ny fahatapahan'ny lalan-dra: ny fahatapahan'ny lalan-dra ischemic, vokatry ny tsy fahampian'ny fikorianan'ny ra, ary ny fahatapahan'ny lalan-dra hemorrhagic, vokatry ny rà mandriaka.<ref name="HLB2014W" /> Samy mahatonga ny ampahany amin'ny atidoha tsy hiasa tsara izy roa ireo.<ref name="HLB2014W" /> Ny famantarana sy soritr'aretin'ny fahatapahan'ny lalan-dra dia mety ahitana ny tsy fahafahana mihetsika na mahatsapa amin'ny ilany iray amin'ny vatana, ny olana amin'ny fahatakarana na ny fitenenana, ny fanina, na ny fahaverezan'ny fahitana amin'ny ilany iray.<ref name="HLB2014S" /> Matetika ny famantarana sy ny soritr'aretina dia miseho avy hatrany aorian'ny fahatapahan'ny lalan-dra.<ref name="HLB2014S" /> Raha latsaky ny adiny iray na roa ny faharetan'ny soritr'aretina, dia antsoina hoe " transient ischemic attack " (TIA) ny fahatapahan'ny lalan-dra, izay antsoina koa hoe "mini-stroke".<ref name="HLB2014S">{{Cite web|title=What Are the Signs and Symptoms of a Stroke?|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/stroke/signs|website=www.nhlbi.nih.gov|access-date=27 February 2015|date=March 26, 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227083736/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/stroke/signs|archive-date=27 February 2015|df=}}</ref> Mety mifandray amin'ny aretin'andoha mafy ihany koa ny fahatapahan'ny lalan-dra ao amin'ny atidoha (AVC).<ref name="HLB2014S" /> Mety haharitra ela ny soritr'aretin'ny fahatapahan'ny lalan-dra.<ref name="HLB2014W" /> Mety ahitana pnemonia sy fahaverezan'ny fifehezana ny tatavia ny fahasarotana maharitra.<ref name="HLB2014S" /> Ny anton-javatra mampidi-doza lehibe indrindra amin'ny fahatapahan'ny lalan-dra dia ny fiakaran'ny tosidrà.<ref name="HLB2014C">{{Cite web|title=Who Is at Risk for a Stroke?|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/stroke/atrisk|website=www.nhlbi.nih.gov|access-date=27 February 2015|date=March 26, 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227085058/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/stroke/atrisk|archive-date=27 February 2015|df=}}</ref> Anisan'ny anton-javatra mety hampidi-doza hafa ny fifohana sigara, ny hatavezana, ny kolesterola avo ao amin'ny ra, [[Diabeta|ny diabeta]], ny TIA teo aloha, ny aretin'ny voa efa ho tapitra ny dingana farany, ary ny fibrillation atrial.<ref name="HLB2014C" /><ref name="Hu2018">{{Cite journal|last=Hu|first=A|last2=Niu|first2=J|last3=Winkelmayer|first3=WC|title=Oral Anticoagulation in Patients With End-Stage Kidney Disease on Dialysis and Atrial Fibrillation.|journal=Seminars in Nephrology|date=November 2018|volume=38|issue=6|pages=618–28|doi=10.1016/j.semnephrol.2018.08.006|pmid=30413255|pmc=6233322}}</ref> Ny fahatapahan'ny lalan-dra ao amin'ny atidoha (AVC ischemic) dia matetika vokatry ny fikatonan'ny lalan-dra, na dia misy ihany koa ireo antony tsy dia fahita firy.<ref name="HLB2014T" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Roos|first=Karen L.|title=Emergency Neurology|date=2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-0-387-88584-1|page=360|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0jH7TZW8WVAC&pg=PA360|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108190342/https://books.google.com/books?id=0jH7TZW8WVAC&pg=PA360|archive-date=2017-01-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Wityk|first=Robert J.|last2=Llinas|first2=Rafael H.|title=Stroke|date=2007|publisher=ACP Press|isbn=978-1-930513-70-9|page=296|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ispt6JRBgU4C&pg=PA296|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108185918/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ispt6JRBgU4C&pg=PA296|archive-date=2017-01-08}}</ref> Ny fahatapahan'ny lalan-dra ao amin'ny atidoha dia vokatry ny rà mandriaka mivantana ao amin'ny atidoha na ao amin'ny toerana eo anelanelan'ny fonon'ny atidoha.<ref name="HLB2014T">{{Cite web|title=Types of Stroke|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/stroke/types|website=www.nhlbi.nih.gov|access-date=27 February 2015|date=March 26, 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150319163549/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/stroke/types|archive-date=19 March 2015|df=}}</ref><ref name="Feigin05">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Feigin VL, Rinkel GJ, Lawes CM, Algra A, Bennett DA, van Gijn J, Anderson CS|title=Risk factors for subarachnoid hemorrhage: an updated systematic review of epidemiological studies|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_stroke_2005-12_36_12/page/2773|journal=Stroke|volume=36|issue=12|pages=2773–80|date=December 2005|pmid=16282541|doi=10.1161/01.STR.0000190838.02954.e8|doi-access=free}}</ref> Mety hitranga ny rà mandriaka noho ny fahatapahan'ny aneurysm ao amin'ny atidoha.<ref name="HLB2014T" /> Matetika ny aretina dia mifototra amin'ny fizahana ara-batana ary tohanan'ny sary ara-pitsaboana toy ny scan CT na MRI.<ref name="HLB2014D" /> Afaka manaporofo ny fisian'ny rà mandriaka ny fitiliana CT scan, saingy mety tsy voatery hanaporofo ny fisian'ny ischemia, izay matetika tsy hita amin'ny fitiliana CT scan raha vao manomboka.<ref name="AFP2009">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Yew KS, Cheng E|title=Acute stroke diagnosis|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-family-physician_2009-07-01_80_1/page/n40|journal=American Family Physician|volume=80|issue=1|pages=33–40|date=July 2009|pmid=19621844|pmc=2722757}}</ref> Misy fitiliana hafa toy ny electrocardiogram (ECG) sy fitiliana rà atao mba hamaritana ireo anton-javatra mety hampidi-doza sy hanilihana ireo antony hafa mety hitranga.<ref name="HLB2014D" /> Mety hiteraka soritr'aretina mitovy amin'izany ny siramamy ambany ao amin'ny rà.<ref name="HLB2014D">{{Cite web|title=How Is a Stroke Diagnosed?|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/stroke/diagnosis|website=www.nhlbi.nih.gov|access-date=27 February 2015|date=March 26, 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227083640/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/stroke/diagnosis|archive-date=27 February 2015|df=}}</ref> Ny fisorohana dia ahitana ny fampihenana ireo anton-javatra mety hampidi-doza, ny fandidiana hanokafana ny lalan-dra mankany amin'ny atidoha ho an'ireo izay manana olana amin'ny fampihenana ny tahan'ny fo ao amin'ny carotid, ary ny fampiasana warfarin na fanafody hafa manakana ny fiforonan'ny ra ao amin'ny olona voan'ny atrial fibrillation.<ref name="Donnan2008" /> Mety ho soso-kevitra ny fampiasana [[Aspirinina|aspirine]] na statins ho fisorohana.<ref name="Donnan2008" /> Matetika ny fahatapahan'ny lalan-dra na ny TIA dia mitaky fitsaboana maika.<ref name="HLB2014W" /> Ny fahatapahan'ny lalan-dra iskemika, raha hita ao anatin'ny telo ka hatramin'ny efatra ora sy sasany, dia azo tsaboina amin'ny fanafody afaka manapaka ny fivontosan'ny lalan-dra.<ref name="Donnan2008" /> Misy ihany koa ireo fahatapahan'ny lalan-dra vokatry ny fandidiana.<ref name="Donnan2008" /> Ny fitsaboana mba hamerenana amin'ny laoniny ny fiasan'ny atidoha very dia antsoina hoe fanarenana ny fahatapahan'ny lalan-dra, ary tsara indrindra raha atao ao amin'ny sampana fitsaboana ny fahatapahan'ny lalan-dra; na izany aza, tsy misy izany any amin'ny ankamaroan'ny firenena eran-tany. Tamin'ny taona 2013, olona 6.9 tapitrisa eo ho eo no voan'ny fahatapahan'ny lalan-dra ao amin'ny atidoha ary 3.4 tapitrisa no voan'ny fahatapahan'ny lalan-dra ao amin'ny atidoha.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_the-lancet_august-22-28-2015_386_9995/page/743|journal=The Lancet|volume=386|issue=9995|pages=743–800|date=August 2015|pmid=26063472|pmc=4561509|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4}}</ref> Tamin'ny taona 2015 dia nisy tokony ho 42.4&nbsp;olona an-tapitrisany izay efa voan'ny fahatapahan'ny lalan-dra teo aloha ary mbola velona ihany.<ref name="GBD2015Pre">{{Cite journal|last=GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=The Lancet|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–1602|date=October 2016|pmid=27733282|pmc=5055577|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6}}</ref> Teo anelanelan'ny taona 1990 sy 2010, nihena 10% teo ho eo ny isan'ny fahatapahan'ny lalan-dra isan-taona tany amin'ireo [[firenena mandroso]] ary nitombo 10% tany amin'ireo firenena an-dalam-pandrosoana.<ref name="Fei2013" /> Tamin'ny taona 2015, ny fahatapahan'ny lalan-dra no antony faharoa mahatonga fahafatesana matetika indrindra aorian'ny [[Aretin'ny lalan-dràn'ny fo|aretin'ny lalan-dra ao am-po]], izay mitentina 6.3&nbsp;tapitrisa ny fahafatesana (11% amin'ny fitambarany).<ref name="GBD2015De">{{Cite journal|last=GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=The Lancet|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1459–1544|date=October 2016|pmid=27733281|pmc=5388903|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1}}</ref> Maty teo amin'ny 3.0 tapitrisa teo ho eo ny olona voan'ny stroke ischemic raha 3.3 tapitrisa kosa ny olona maty vokatry ny stroke hemorrhagic.<ref name="GBD2015De" /> Manodidina ny antsasaky ny olona voan'ny fahatapahan'ny lalan-dra no miaina latsaky ny herintaona. Amin'ny ankapobeny, ny roa ampahatelon'ny fahatapahan'ny lalan-dra dia nitranga tamin'ireo mihoatra ny 65 taona.<ref name="Fei2013">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Feigin VL, Forouzanfar MH, Krishnamurthi R, Mensah GA, Connor M, Bennett DA, Moran AE, Sacco RL, Anderson L, Truelsen T, O'Donnell M, Venketasubramanian N, Barker-Collo S, Lawes CM, Wang W, Shinohara Y, Witt E, Ezzati M, Naghavi M, Murray C|display-authors=6|title=Global and regional burden of stroke during 1990-2010: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_january-18-24-2014_383_9913/page/245|journal=The Lancet|volume=383|issue=9913|pages=245–54|date=January 2014|pmid=24449944|pmc=4181600|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61953-4}}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] jtf2eemdht26inzd43lqpthxg2w70d9 0 301290 1152167 1146803 2026-10-21T06:31:05Z Thelezifor 15140 Anarana ara-tsiansa 1152167 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Acanthopale madagascariensis 388102352.jpg|vignette|''Acanthopale madagascariensis'']] Ny '''''Acanthopale''''' dia antokon-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]]. ''Acanthopale'' <small>C.B.Clarke</small> no anarany ara-tsiansa feno. == Lisitry ny karazana == Karazana 12 no eken' ny ''[[Plants of the World Online]]'' <small>(26 Janoary 2024)</small>: # ''Acanthopale aethiogermanica'' <small>Ensermu</small> # ''Acanthopale breviceps'' <small>(Benoist) Callm. & Phillipson</small> # ''Acanthopale cuneifolia'' <small>(Benoist) Callm. & Phillipson</small> # ''Acanthopale confertiflora'' <small>(Lindau) C.B.Clarke</small> # ''Acanthopale decempedalis'' <small>C.B.Clarke</small> (← ''Acanthopale'' cameronica <small>Bremek</small>.) # ''Acanthopale humblotii'' <small>(Benoist) Callm. & Phillipson</small> # ''Acanthopale laxiflora'' <small>(Lindau) C.B.Clarke</small> (← ''Dischistocalyx laxiflorus'' <small>Lindau</small>) # ''Acanthopale macrocarpa'' <small>Vollesen</small> # ''[[Acanthopale madagascariensis]]'' <small>(Baker) C.B.Clarke ex Bremek.</small> # ''Acanthopale perrieri'' <small>(Benoist) Callm. & Phillipson</small> # ''Acanthopale pubescens'' <small>(Lindau) C.B.Clarke</small> # ''Acanthopale ramiflora'' <small>(Benoist) Callm. & Phillipson</small> === Karazana misy eto Madagasikara === Indreto ny karazana misy eto [[Madagasikara]]: * ''Acanthopale breviceps'' <small>(Benoist) Callm. & Phillipson</small> * ''Acanthopale cuneifolia'' <small>(Benoist) Callm. & Phillipson</small>  (← ''Strobilanthes mediocris'' <small>Benoist</small>) * ''Acanthopale humblotii'' <small>(Benoist) Callm. & Phillipson</small> * ''[[Acanthopale madagascariensis]]'' <small>(Baker) C.B.Clarke ex Bremek.</small> * ''Acanthopale perrieri'' <small>(Benoist) Callm. & Phillipson</small> * ''Acanthopale ramiflora'' <small>(Benoist) Callm. & Phillipson</small> === Napetraka teo taloha === * ''Dischistocalyx grandifolius'' <small>C.B.Clarke</small> (← ''Acanthopale buchholzii'' <small>(Lindau) C.B.Clarke</small>) == Fanamarihana == Misy karazana kankana an-dranomasina atao hoe ''[[Acanthopale perkinsi]]'' <small>San Martín</small>, izay hany karazana tokana ao amin' ny vondron-karazana [[Acanthopale (biby)|''Acanthopale'']] <small>San Martín</small>, ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Chrysopetalidae]]'', ao amin' ny filaharana [[Phyllodocida]]. == Jereo koa == * ''[[Dischistocalyx]]'' * ''[[Strobilanthes]]'' 1c5ea58lbzgu5ek0tk7ghkpbccpiink 0 302303 1152154 2026-10-20T16:09:38Z ~2026-56112-16 41396 9911245667891 1152154 wikitext text/x-wiki 5555677653 o1bufo0lembik95dof7d9gb3ww73dd2 1 302304 1152155 2026-10-20T16:10:34Z ~2026-56112-16 41396 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « Code scanner barcode scanner with Bluetooth ~~~~ » 1152155 wikitext text/x-wiki Code scanner barcode scanner with Bluetooth [[Manokana:Fandraisan'anjara/~2026-56112-16|~2026-56112-16]] ([[Dinika amin'ny mpikambana:~2026-56112-16|discussion]]) 20 Oktobra 2026 à 16:10 (UTC) 4c9gka1n283zwi4l666girgdnknqt4q 0 302305 1152164 2026-10-21T02:16:33Z ~2026-53342-25 41238 Pejy noforonina tamin'ny « [[Sary:Senadores da 56ª Legislatura Senadora Mailza Gomes - AC (46293126234).jpg|thumb|Mailza Assis)]] '''Mailza Assis da Silva'''<ref>(pt) [https://www.forumchinaplp.org.mo/en/economic_trade/view/9043 Forum China]</ref>, fantatra amin'ny anarana hoe ''Mailza Gomes'' (teraka ny 10 Desambra 1976, tao [[Mundo Novo]], {{Mato Grosso do Sul}}), dia [[mpanao politika]] [[Brezila|breziliana]] avy amin'ny Antoko [[Progressistas]] (PP)<ref>(pt) [https://www25.senado.l... » 1152164 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Senadores da 56ª Legislatura Senadora Mailza Gomes - AC (46293126234).jpg|thumb|Mailza Assis)]] '''Mailza Assis da Silva'''<ref>(pt) [https://www.forumchinaplp.org.mo/en/economic_trade/view/9043 Forum China]</ref>, fantatra amin'ny anarana hoe ''Mailza Gomes'' (teraka ny 10 Desambra 1976, tao [[Mundo Novo]], {{Mato Grosso do Sul}}), dia [[mpanao politika]] [[Brezila|breziliana]] avy amin'ny Antoko [[Progressistas]] (PP)<ref>(pt) [https://www25.senado.leg.br/web/senadores/senador/-/perfil/5557 Senado do Brasil]</ref>. Tamin'ny taona 2019, lasa senatera federaly ho an'ny fanjakanan'i {{Acre}} izy ary voafidy ho lefitra governoran'i Acre tamin'ny fifidianana governoran'i Acre tamin'ny taona 2022. ==Asa == Tamin'ny fifidianana tamin'ny taona 2014, voafidy ho lefitra voalohany ho an'i [[Gladson Cameli]] tao amin'ny antenimiera federaly i Mailza Assis<ref>(pt) [https://www12.senado.leg.br/radio/1/noticia/2018/10/08/dois-suplentes-assumem-mandatos-no-lugar-de-senadores-eleitos-para-governos-do-acre-e-goias Senado.leg.br: Dois suplentes assumen mandatos no lugar para governos]</ref>. Rehefa voafidy ho governoran'i Acre tamin'ny taona 2018 i Cameli, dia lasa senatera federaly niasa tao amin'ny fivoriana faha-56 tamin'ny taona 2019 i Assis. Mailza Assis dia manambady ny ben'ny tanànan'i [[Senador Guiomard]] teo aloha, James Gomes. == Jereo koa == [[pt:Mailza Assis]] {{commonscat|Mailza Gomes}} [[Sokajy:Politika ao Acre]] [[Sokajy:Senatera ao Acre]] [[Sokajy:Progressistas]] [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1976]] [[Sokajy:Governoran'i Acre]] s5ajl3ef9uwnj9dvnpwv4gqo2gqlcht 1152166 1152164 2026-10-21T03:38:06Z ~2026-53342-25 41238 1152166 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Sary:Senadores da 56ª Legislatura Senadora Mailza Gomes - AC (46293126234).jpg|thumb|Mailza Assis)]] '''Mailza Assis da Silva'''<ref>(pt) [https://www.forumchinaplp.org.mo/en/economic_trade/view/9043 Forum China]</ref>, fantatra amin'ny anarana hoe ''Mailza Gomes'' (teraka ny 10 Desambra 1976, tao [[Mundo Novo]], {{Mato Grosso do Sul}}), dia [[mpanao politika]] [[Brezila|breziliana]] avy amin'ny Antoko [[Progressistas]] (PP)<ref>(pt) [https://www25.senado.leg.br/web/senadores/senador/-/perfil/5557 Senado do Brasil]</ref>. Tamin'ny taona 2019, lasa senatera federaly ho an'ny fanjakanan'i {{Acre}} izy ary voafidy ho lefitra governoran'i Acre tamin'ny fifidianana governoran'i Acre tamin'ny taona 2022. ==Asa == Tamin'ny fifidianana tamin'ny taona 2014, voafidy ho lefitra voalohany ho an'i [[Gladson Cameli]] tao amin'ny antenimiera federaly i Mailza Assis<ref>(pt) [https://www12.senado.leg.br/radio/1/noticia/2018/10/08/dois-suplentes-assumem-mandatos-no-lugar-de-senadores-eleitos-para-governos-do-acre-e-goias Senado.leg.br: Dois suplentes assumen mandatos no lugar para governos]</ref>. Rehefa voafidy ho governoran'i Acre tamin'ny taona 2018 i Cameli, dia lasa senatera federaly niasa tao amin'ny fivoriana faha-56 tamin'ny taona 2019 i Assis. Mailza Assis dia manambady ny ben'ny tanànan'i [[Senador Guiomard]] teo aloha, James Gomes. == Jereo koa == [[pt:Mailza Assis]] {{commonscat|Mailza Gomes}} [[Sokajy:Politika ao Acre]] [[Sokajy:Senatera ao Acre]] [[Sokajy:Progressistas]] [[sokajy:Teraka tamin'ny taona 1976]] [[Sokajy:Governoran' Acre]] 4h2qnlbp5ii5dld00vihbyzrp9ae3sw 0 302306 1152165 2026-10-21T02:18:34Z ~2026-53342-25 41238 #REDIRECT [[Mailza Assis]] 1152165 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Mailza Assis]] 6qrrdv16fpp2qk8uifqsoxv8g46e3b0 0 302307 1152168 2026-10-21T06:46:07Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152168 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Ballochia''''' dia antokon-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]]. sjk58vqkdyxoj6l9ilo1azx74nehe53 0 302308 1152169 2026-10-21T06:46:38Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152169 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Aymoreana''''' dia antokon-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]]. 1n4r4a376fmo1miacj8xmk890s8ijb0 0 302309 1152170 2026-10-21T06:47:05Z Thelezifor 15140 Karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152170 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Avicennia''''' dia antokon-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]]. s4gjd6orxie9eoy8epntndbpym5wnh2 0 302310 1152171 2026-10-21T06:47:28Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152171 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Asystasia''''' dia antokon-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]]. hjltkwr9xqtwhmzl8ea4u4uhibbxyet 0 302311 1152172 2026-10-21T06:47:54Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152172 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Ascotheca''''' dia antokon-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]]. qiagxyaum9iato2zu9mne4lteh97of4 0 302312 1152173 2026-10-21T06:48:15Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152173 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Aphelandra''''' dia antokon-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]]. lgjma9z58pv02enib5t61oteyjm9e1c 0 302313 1152174 2026-10-21T06:50:20Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152174 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Acanthopsis''''' dia antokon-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]]. al7ebkw6ppc8ns5y7nqeumofqxtstmc 0 302314 1152175 2026-10-21T06:50:29Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152175 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Acanthus''''' dia antokon-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]]. raz0kootveb3ppl1sv23eszy1682wmx 0 302315 1152176 2026-10-21T06:50:35Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152176 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Afrofittonia''''' dia antokon-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]]. f1ceb4zfo1hkzv1r1zjv8e3hc9sesm5 0 302316 1152177 2026-10-21T06:50:41Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152177 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Ambongia''''' dia antokon-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]]. liykg1loxjfzynp4n2pz8o1cnkjmkzf 0 302317 1152178 2026-10-21T06:50:46Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152178 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Ancistranthus''''' dia antokon-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]]. bjypy3nbf0zrok85assmks6mv1rw23e 0 302318 1152179 2026-10-21T06:50:54Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152179 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Andrographis''''' dia antokon-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]]. etegx3i5ng8qhbe2atuunnd3lfwjbm0 0 302319 1152180 2026-10-21T06:50:59Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152180 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Angkalanthus''''' dia antokon-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]]. 0lbeb5yqe2ntadv96yi6x0lw684psyt 0 302320 1152181 2026-10-21T06:51:05Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152181 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Anisacanthus''''' dia antokon-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]]. ''Acanthopale'' <small>C.B.Clarke</small> no anarany ara-tsiansa feno. amsqkj0bn1ukmurjcl8jp2suw4sow75 1152185 1152181 2026-10-21T06:52:01Z Thelezifor 15140 Namafa soratra tsy ilaina 1152185 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Anisacanthus''''' dia antokon-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]]. 44qd3bu3sglil8ikfpunjur4ydmodqf 0 302321 1152182 2026-10-21T06:51:11Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152182 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Anisosepalum''''' dia antokon-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]]. 4aqfy9oz521xj4u9wbvqn4894a2k5fj 0 302322 1152183 2026-10-21T06:51:16Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152183 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Anomacanthus''''' dia antokon-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]]. ho8r145g99ynsnv0gf2wb9zuoeexafr 0 302323 1152184 2026-10-21T06:51:22Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152184 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Aphanosperma''''' dia antokon-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]]. ksjk3rd677xhdgq7ighqzalwqrcgv1c 0 302324 1152186 2026-10-21T07:01:56Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152186 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Whitfieldia''''' dia vondron-karazan-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]] okd74zzci0ctkaqrzgsi148stkdg2qz 0 302325 1152187 2026-10-21T07:02:12Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152187 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Vindasia''''' dia vondron-karazan-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]] 6v455a0qk5m7bc18sh3s6ijkeovs5fm 0 302326 1152188 2026-10-21T07:02:18Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152188 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Stenandriopsis''''' dia vondron-karazan-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]] qncwntw520hl1s28t95dqceurcq2xni 0 302327 1152189 2026-10-21T07:02:24Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152189 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Rungia''''' dia vondron-karazan-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]] 02kfbystjvbk09oxtm1el9ug7j2bd13 0 302328 1152190 2026-10-21T07:02:30Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152190 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Ruellia''''' dia vondron-karazan-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]] spthntu40qz4ttyjicpb75bzb1chfp8 0 302329 1152191 2026-10-21T07:02:36Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152191 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Rhinacanthus''''' dia vondron-karazan-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]] 9oi3qemuhlsu3u9gu4upcd8gufig0ei 0 302330 1152192 2026-10-21T07:02:42Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152192 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Podorungia''''' dia vondron-karazan-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]] 0rk7nnvvmc1t4uesnfh1gylhqoo3wxi 0 302331 1152193 2026-10-21T07:02:48Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152193 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Phaulopsis''''' dia vondron-karazan-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]] b923xo0d3ckxtb82g617f13hfafh3y2 0 302332 1152194 2026-10-21T07:02:55Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152194 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Pericalypta''''' dia vondron-karazan-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]] tq6oq4ea736i8h1zfv3fhgvh86jsk04 0 302333 1152195 2026-10-21T07:03:02Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152195 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Oplonia''''' dia vondron-karazan-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]] pcb4xr81izw3mrddrn6f7b8zdkhtmue 0 302334 1152196 2026-10-21T07:03:11Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152196 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Monothecium''''' dia vondron-karazan-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]] ad2xsp1aay8dvnzfnv9qewcv69zdgjb 0 302335 1152197 2026-10-21T07:03:15Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152197 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Mendoncia''''' dia vondron-karazan-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]] f0x3zp2ebfu2mqcbuddxm2f8jp9buhi 0 302336 1152198 2026-10-21T07:03:21Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152198 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Mellera''''' dia vondron-karazan-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]] ju3l2ui7io0tct9xmhb4chz82we9elq 0 302337 1152199 2026-10-21T07:03:30Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152199 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Melittacanthus''''' dia vondron-karazan-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]] h8c08u3c4gio2aw0bf5owe4lgnzyidj 0 302338 1152200 2026-10-21T07:03:34Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152200 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Megalochlamys''''' dia vondron-karazan-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]] jeonbd5u7lxl6jjscd1m1m998oou3hx 0 302339 1152201 2026-10-21T07:03:39Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152201 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Lepidagathis''''' dia vondron-karazan-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]] ouihthun06s1kkx1lwhaaoxdt75flpt 0 302340 1152202 2026-10-21T07:03:44Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152202 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Leandriella''''' dia vondron-karazan-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]] 770mmmiwklowvvz9aepgoixom0do1ye 0 302341 1152203 2026-10-21T07:03:49Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152203 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Lasiocladus''''' dia vondron-karazan-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]] 1bwyxkexf15510k5f1g1vixnu9gtdu5 0 302342 1152204 2026-10-21T07:03:58Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152204 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Hypoestes''''' dia vondron-karazan-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]] 8m6ebzy8cy26vvdmajz9w53tr7r7fff 0 302343 1152205 2026-10-21T07:08:54Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152205 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Blepharis''''' dia antokon-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]]. m5rnj0ylrcxvc20w1meitm1o5oszou8 0 302344 1152206 2026-10-21T07:09:00Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152206 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Boutonia''''' dia antokon-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]]. i91i4o05dfs1coe698lzqj721f955at 0 302345 1152207 2026-10-21T07:09:06Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152207 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Brachystephanus''''' dia antokon-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]]. nf5rbjh3tf1pr8qxv54izenpxjhgjsr 0 302346 1152208 2026-10-21T07:09:10Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152208 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Brillantaisia''''' dia antokon-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]]. ffntm38nd2514jlv9hzln2ukqdy42h9 0 302347 1152209 2026-10-21T07:09:15Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152209 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Champluviera''''' dia antokon-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]]. a6qsil41wraufsvzaorkvjwef2mm699 0 302348 1152210 2026-10-21T07:09:19Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152210 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Chlamydocardia''''' dia antokon-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]]. 77zwb43k5t199iqpdq4r2oowcqo6abg 0 302349 1152211 2026-10-21T07:09:23Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152211 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Crossandra''''' dia antokon-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]]. dxz0g02njaooauzlctfozp4t8m4xhvx 0 302350 1152212 2026-10-21T07:09:29Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152212 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Dicliptera''''' dia antokon-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]]. 0zs6bjyka6pyoj9jv9q8tmcoupxaqt6 0 302351 1152213 2026-10-21T07:09:34Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152213 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Dolichostachys''''' dia antokon-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]]. csho2p8lxpem75sae2aaanii0kva6t9 0 302352 1152214 2026-10-21T07:09:38Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152214 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Dyschoriste''''' dia antokon-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]]. r07i0kvcp57t4i04s0osps5ew2360g0 0 302353 1152215 2026-10-21T07:09:46Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152215 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Ecbolium''''' dia antokon-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]]. 8sqhpmec4yqbxxe7e2406ihn4kmztcb 0 302354 1152216 2026-10-21T07:09:49Z Thelezifor 15140 Vondron-karazan-javamaniry ao amin' ny fianakaviana Acanthaceae 1152216 wikitext text/x-wiki Ny '''''Hygrophila''''' dia antokon-javamaniry mamony ao amin' ny fianakaviana ''[[Acanthaceae]]'' ao amin' ny filaharana [[Lamiales]]. ftmovqueke1rbkiwrlngbmpwcehdkpq