Templat:Wakia Presiden Indonesia

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      <comment>Replacing Boediono_official_portrait.jpeg with [[File:Boediono,_official_vice_presidential_portrait.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)).</comment>
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|col2=[[Berkas:Hamengku Buwono IX (1973).jpg|x64px|Hamengkubuwana IX|link=Hamengkubuwana IX]]&lt;br&gt;{{nowrap|[[Hamengkubuwana IX|HB IX]]}}{{br}}1973–1978
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  <page>
    <title>Boediono</title>
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      <comment>Replacing Boediono_official_portrait.jpeg with [[File:Boediono,_official_vice_presidential_portrait.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)).</comment>
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      <text bytes="5398" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Vice President
|honorific-prefix = [[Profesor|Prof.]] [[Doktor|Dr.]] [[Haji|H.]]
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|honorific-suffix = B.Sc., M.Ec.
|image = Boediono, official vice presidential portrait.jpg
|imagesize =200px
|smallimage = 
|office = [[Wakil Presiden Indonesia]]
|order = 11
|term_start = 20 Oktober 2009
|term_end = 20 Oktober 2014
|predecessor = [[Muhammad Jusuf Kalla]]
|successor = [[Muhammad Jusuf Kalla]]
|president = [[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]]
|office2 = [[Gubernur Bank Indonesia]]
|order2 = 13
|term_start2 = [[17 Mei]] [[2008]]
|term_end2 = [[16 Mei]] [[2009]]
|president2 = [[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]]
|predecessor2 = [[Burhanuddin Abdullah]]
|successor2 = [[Miranda Goeltom]] (Plt.)]
|office3 = [[Mantari Koordinator Bidang Parekonomian Republik Indonesia|Mantari Koordintor Parekonomian]]
|order3 = 11
|president3 = [[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]]
|term_start3 = [[5 Desember]] [[2005]]
|term_end3 = [[16 Mei]] [[2008]]
|predecessor3 = [[Aburizal Bakrie]]
|successor3 = [[Sri Mulyani Indrawati]] (Plt.)
|office4 = [[Mantari Kauangan Republik Indonesia|Mantari Kauangan]]
|order4 = 24
|term_start4 = [[10 Agustus]] [[2001]]
|term_end4 = [[20 Oktober]] [[2004]]
|president4 = [[Megawati Soekarnoputri]]
|predecessor4 = [[Rizal Ramli]]
|successor4 = [[Jusuf Anwar]]
|office5 = Kapalo [[Badan Parancanaan Pambanganan Nasional]]
|order5 = 6
|term_start5 = [[23 Mei]] [[1998]]
|term_end5 = [[20 Oktober]] [[1999]]
|president5 = [[Abdurrahman Wahid]]
|predecessor5 = [[Ginandjar Kartasasmita]]
|successor5 = [[Kwik Kian Gie]] 
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1943|02|25}}
|birth_place = {{negara|Jepang}} [[Blitar]], [[Jawa Timur]], [[Maso Pandudukan Jepang]]
|death_date = 
|death_place = 
|nationality = {{negara|Indonesia}} [[Indonesia]]
|party = Independen
|spouse = Hj. Herawati
|relations = 
|children = Ratriana Ekarini &lt;br /&gt; Dios Kurniawan
|residence = [[Yogyakarta]]
|alma_mater = [[Universitas Western Australia]] '67&lt;br /&gt;[[Universitas Monash]] '72&lt;br /&gt;[[Universitas Pennsylvania]] '79&lt;br /&gt;[[Universitas Gadjah Mada]] '06
|occupation = 
|profession = [[Ekonomi|Ekonom]], [[dosen]]
|religion = [[Islam]]
|signature = Boediono.png
|website = [http://www.wapresri.go.id/ www.wapresri.go.id]
|facebookpage = pages/Boediono-Mendengar/95561330956
|namafacebookpage = Boediono Mendengar
|twitter = boediono
|footnotes = 
}}
'''Prof. Dr. H. Boediono, M.Ec.''' ({{lahirmati|[[Kota Blitar|Blitar]], [[Jawa Timur]]|25|2|1943}}) adolah [[Wakil Presiden Indonesia|Wakil Presiden]] [[Indonesia]] nan manjabaik sajak [[20 Oktober]] [[2009]]. Inyo tapiliah dalam [[Pamiliahan Umum Presiden dan Wakil Presiden Indonesia 2009|Pilpres 2009]] basamo pasangannyo, [[Presiden Indonesia|presiden]] nan sadang manjabaik, [[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]].

== Karya ==
* Boediono, ''Ekonomi Indonesia Mau ke Mana?: Kumpulan Esai Ekonomi'', 2009, PT Gramedia, Jakarta.  ISBN 978-979-91-0189-1.  
* Stabilization in A Period of Transition: Indonesia 2001-2004. dalam The Australian Government-The Treasury, Macroeconomic Policy and Structural Change in East Asia: Conference Proceedings, Sydney (2005), ISBN 0-642-74290-1, 43-48 pp.
* 'Managing The Indonesian Economy: Some Lessons From The Past?', ''Bulletin of Indonesia Economic Studies'', 41(3):309-324, December 2005.
* 'Professor Mubyarto, 1938-2005'. ''Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies'', 41(2):159-162, August 2005.
* 'Kebijakan Fiskal: Sekarang dan Selanjutnya?', dalam Subiyantoro dan S. Riphat (Eds.). 2004. ''Kebijakan Fiskal: Pemikiran, Konsep dan Implementasi''. Penerbit Buku Kompas, 43-55 pp.
* The International Monetary Fund Support Program in Indonesia: Comparing Implementation Under Three Presidents. ''Bulletin of Indonesia Economic Studies'', 38(3): 385-392, December 2002.
* Boediono. 2001. ''Indonesia menghadapi ekonomi global''. BPFE. Yogyakarta.
* Boediono. 'Strategi Industrialisasi: Adakah Titik Temu ?', ''Prisma'', Taun XV, No.1. (1986)
* Mubyarto, Boediono, Ace Partadiredja. 1981. ''Ekonomi Pancasila''. BPFE. Yogyakarta.

{{kotak mulai}}
{{s-gov}}
{{kotak suksesi|jabatan=[[Daftar Gubernur Bank Indonesia|Gubernur Bank Indonesia]]|pendahulu=[[Burhanuddin Abdullah]]|pengganti=[[Miranda Gultom]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''(Plt.)''&lt;/small&gt;|tahun=2008 – 2009}}
{{s-off}}
{{Incumbent succession box | jabatan = [[Wakil Presiden Indonesia]] | mulai = [[20 Oktober]] [[2009]] | pendahulu = [[Muhammad Jusuf Kalla]]}}
{{kotak suksesi|jabatan=[[Mantari Koordinator Bidang Parekonomian Republik Indonesia|Menko Parekonomian Indonesia]]|pendahulu=[[Aburizal Bakrie]]|pengganti=[[Sri Mulyani Indrawati]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''(Plt.)''&lt;/small&gt;|tahun=2005 – 2008}}
{{kotak suksesi|jabatan=[[Mantari Kauangan Republik Indonesia|Mantari Kauangan Indonesia]]|pendahulu=[[Rizal Ramli]]|pengganti=[[Jusuf Anwar]]|tahun=2001 – 2004}}
{{kotak suksesi|jabatan=[[Mantari Nagara Parancanaan Pambangunan Nasional Republik Indonesia|Menneg PPN Indonesia]]|pendahulu=[[Ginandjar Kartasasmita]]|pengganti=[[Kwik Kian Gie]] (2001)|tahun=1998 – 1999}}
{{kotak selesai}}

{{Wakil Presiden Indonesia}}
{{Kabinet Indonesia Bersatu}}

{{lifetime|1943||}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Boediono, Boediono}}
[[Kategori:Dosen Universitas Gadjah Mada]]
[[Kategori:Gubernur Bank Indonesia]]
[[Kategori:Tokoh dari Blitar]]
[[Kategori:Wakil Presiden Indonesia]]
[[Kategori:Mantari Kauangan Indonesia]]
[[Kategori:Mantari Kabinet Indonesia Bersatu]]


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  <page>
    <title>Daftar Wakia Presiden Indonesia</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>3044</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Replacing Boediono_official_portrait.jpeg with [[File:Boediono,_official_vice_presidential_portrait.jpg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criterion 4]] (harmonizing names of file set)).</comment>
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      <text bytes="15965" xml:space="preserve">{{untuk|informasi mengenai lembaga Wakil Presiden Indonesia|Wakil Presiden Indonesia}}
 [[Berkas:Indonesian_Vice_Presidential_Seal_gold.svg|200px|ka]]
{{Politik Indonesia}}

'''[[Wakia Presiden Indonesia|Wakia Presiden Republik Indonesia]]''' adolah urang nan paliang bapangaruah jo mamacik kakuatan tagadang kadua satalah [[Presiden Republik Indonesia|Presiden]] di [[Indonesia|Nagara Kasatuan Republik Indonesia]]. Wakia Presiden marupoan garis partamo dalam pawarisan kakuasaan Presiden. Pembantuakan Wakia Presiden ditetapan pado 1945 jo dasar [[Undang-Undang Dasar 1945]] nan dirumusan sabalunnyo dek [[BPUPKI|Badan Persiapan Usaha Kemerdekaan Indonesia]] (BPUPKI). Wakia Presiden pertama Indonesia adolah [[Mohammad Hatta]] nan ditetapan basamo jo pangangkatan [[Soekarno]] sabagai Presiden partamo Indonesia pado 18 Agustus 1945, sahari satalah kamerdekaan Indonesia.

Jabatan wakia presiden di Indonesia pernah mangalami kakosongan yaitu sajak taun 1949 sampai 1967 samaso pamarintahan [[Soekarno]]. Satalah itu, maso [[Soeharto]] diangkek sabagai pejabat presiden, tahun 1967 sampai dengan 1968, tamasuak katiko sacaro definitif manjabat sabagai presiden (1973), jabatan iko kosong juo. Jabatan wakia presiden baru tarisi baliak pado wakatu [[Hamengkubuwana IX]] mandampingi Soeharto pado tahun, mulai 24 Maret 1973. Tacatat, salamo Soeharto mamimpin Indonesia, ado anam wakia presiden nan mandampingi. Kakosongan pasca-Soeharto pernah tajadi katiko [[Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie]] manggantiannyo pado taun 1998. Habibie jo [[Megawati Soekarnoputri]] marupoan duo wakia presiden nan akhianyo manjabat sabagai presiden. Sedangkan [[Muhammad Jusuf Kalla]], satu-satunyo wakia presiden nan mandampingi duo presiden, yaitu [[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]] pado periode 2004-2009 jo [[Joko Widodo]] pado periode 2014-2019. Brikuik adolah '''Daftar Wakia Presiden Indonesia''' sajak [[1945]] sampai [[{{CURRENTYEAR}}|kini]].

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; cellspacing=0 style=&quot;text-align:center; border-collapse: collapse&quot;
|- style=&quot;background:#cccccc&quot;
!align=&quot;left&quot; width=&quot;10&quot;| 
!colspan=&quot;2&quot; width=&quot;160&quot;|Wakia Presiden
!align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140&quot; |Mulai manjabat 
!align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;140&quot; |Salasai menjabat
!width=&quot;140&quot;|Partai
!colspan=2 width=&quot;150&quot;|Presiden
!width=&quot;35&quot;|Pariode
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; rowspan=&quot;6&quot;|'''1'''
|align=&quot;center&quot;|'''[[Mohammad Hatta]]'''&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.depsos.go.id/modules.php?name=Pahlawan&amp;opsi=mulai-2 Daftar Nama Pahlawan Nasional Republik Indonesia]'', Departemen Sosial RI Online, [[Januari]] [[2010]]. Diakses 26 Agustus 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;120&quot;|[[Berkas:VP Hatta.jpg|120px]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[18 Agustus]] [[1945]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[13 Juli]] [[1949]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|&lt;small&gt;'''''Nonpartisan'''''&lt;/small&gt;
|width=&quot;5&quot; bgcolor=#660000|
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[Soekarno]]
|align=&quot;center&quot; rowspan=&quot;8&quot;|1
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;|&lt;small&gt;'''''Lowong'''''&lt;/small&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|''[[19 Desember]] [[1948]]''
|align=&quot;center&quot;|''[[13 Juli]] [[1949]]''
|align=&quot;center&quot;|-
|width=&quot;5&quot; bgcolor=#F5F5F5|
|align=&quot;center&quot;|''[[Syafruddin Prawiranegara]]''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''(Ketua [[Pemerintahan Darurat Republik Indonesia|PDRI]])''&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;|'''[[Mohammad Hatta]]'''
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[13 Juli]] [[1949]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[27 Desember]] [[1949]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|&lt;small&gt;'''''Nonpartisan'''''&lt;/small&gt;
|width=&quot;5&quot; bgcolor=#660000|
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[Soekarno]]
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;|&lt;small&gt;'''''Lowong'''''&lt;/small&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[27 Desember]] [[1949]]
|align=&quot;center&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[15 Agustus]] [[1950]]
|align=&quot;center&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|-
|width=&quot;5&quot; bgcolor=#660000|
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[Soekarno]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''(Presiden [[Republik Indonesia Serikat|RIS]])''&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|width=&quot;5&quot; bgcolor=#F5F5F5|
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[Assaat]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''(Pemangku Sementara&lt;br /&gt;Jabatan Presiden RI)''&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;|'''[[Mohammad Hatta]]'''
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[15 Agustus]] [[1950]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[1 Desember]] [[1956]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|&lt;small&gt;'''''Nonpartisan'''''&lt;/small&gt;
|width=&quot;5&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; bgcolor=#660000|
|align=&quot;center&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[Soekarno]]
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; rowspan=&quot;3&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;|&lt;small&gt;'''''Lowong'''''&lt;/small&gt;{{efn|Jabatan Wakil Presiden Indonesia lowong pada [[1956]] ketika Hatta mengundurkan diri dari jabatannya karena selisih pendapat dengan Presiden [[Soekarno]]. Pada masa pemerintahan Soekarno, jabatan kedua tertinggi di Indonesia adalah [[perdana menteri]] (PM), dan setelah turunnya PM [[Djuanda Kartawidjaja|Djuanda]] dan beralihnya Indonesia ke sistem kabinet presidensial pada [[1959]], yang ada hanyalah jabatan [[Wakil Perdana Menteri Indonesia|wakil perdana menteri]] (Waperdam). Jabatan ini baru diisi kembali ketika [[Orde Baru]] berkuasa dengan diangkatnya [[Hamengkubuwana IX]] sebagai wakil presiden pada [[1973]].}}
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[1 Desember]] [[1956]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[22 Februari]] [[1967]]
|align=&quot;center&quot; rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|-
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[22 Februari]] [[1967]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[27 Maret]] [[1968]]
|width=&quot;5&quot; bgcolor=#ffff00|
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[Soeharto]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;''(Pejabat Presiden RI)''&lt;/small&gt;
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[27 Maret]] [[1968]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[24 Maret]] [[1973]]
|width=&quot;5&quot; bgcolor=#ffff00 rowspan=&quot;7&quot;|
|align=&quot;center&quot; rowspan=&quot;7&quot;|[[Soeharto]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|2
|-
|bgcolor=#F5F5F5 align=&quot;center&quot;|'''2'''
|align=&quot;center&quot;|'''[[Hamengkubuwana IX]]'''&lt;ref&gt;{{id}} Tokoh Indonesia: [http://www.tokohindonesia.com/tokoh/article/282-ensiklopedi/275-sri-sultan-hb-ix &quot;Bangsawan yang Demokratis&quot; Bio Sri Sultan HB IX di Ensiklopedi Tokoh Indonesia]&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[Berkas:Hamengkubawono IX Official Portrait.jpg|120px]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[24 Maret]] [[1973]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[23 Maret]] [[1978]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|&lt;small&gt;'''''Nonpartisan'''''&lt;/small&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|3
|-
|bgcolor=#ffff00 align=&quot;center&quot;|'''3'''
|align=&quot;center&quot;|'''[[Adam Malik]]'''&lt;ref&gt;Depsos: [http://www.depsos.go.id/modules.php?name=Pahlawan&amp;opsi=mulai-2 Daftar Nama Pahlawan Nasional Republik Indonesia]'', Departemen Sosial RI Online, [[Januari]] [[2010]]. Diakses 26 Agustus 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[Berkas:Adam Malik Batubara Official Portrait.jpg|120px]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[23 Maret]] [[1978]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[11 Maret]] [[1983]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[Golongan Karya]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|4
|-
|bgcolor=#ffff00 align=&quot;center&quot;|'''4'''
|align=&quot;center&quot;|'''[[Umar Wirahadikusumah]]'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last= Djarot|first= Eros|authorlink=Eros Djarot|coauthors= et al.|title= Siapa Sebenarnya Soeharto: Fakta dan Kesaksian Para Pelaku Sejarah G-30-S PKI|origyear= 2006|origmonth= July|edition= 1st|publisher= PT Agromedia Pustaka|location= Tangerang|language= Indonesian|page= 19}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[Berkas:Umar Wirahadikusumah Official Portrait.jpg|120px]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[11 Maret]] [[1983]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[11 Maret]] [[1988]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[Golongan Karya]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|5
|-
|bgcolor=#ffff00 align=&quot;center&quot;|'''5'''
|align=&quot;center&quot;|'''[[Soedharmono]]'''&lt;ref&gt;{{id}} Tokoh Indonesia: [http://www.tokohindonesia.com/tokoh/article/282-ensiklopedi/279-sudharmono &quot;Bangkit Bersama Pak Harto&quot; Bio Sudharmono di Ensiklopedi Tokoh Indonesia]&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[Berkas:Sudharmono Official Portrait.jpg|120px]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[11 Maret]] [[1988]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[11 Maret]] [[1993]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[Golongan Karya]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|6
|-
|bgcolor=#ffff00 align=&quot;center&quot;|'''6'''
|align=&quot;center&quot;|'''[[Try Sutrisno]]'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title = Try Sutrisno|publisher = pdat.co.id|url=http://www.pdat.co.id/hg/apasiapa/html/T/ads,20030618-01,T.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[Berkas:Try Sutrisno Official Portrait.jpg|120px]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[11 Maret]] [[1993]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[11 Maret]] [[1998]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[Golongan Karya]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|7
|-
|bgcolor=#ffff00 align=&quot;center&quot;|'''7'''
|align=&quot;center&quot;|'''[[Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie]]'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.republika.co.id/berita/pendidikan/dunia-kampus/14/04/10/n3shyu-universitas-bj-habibie-nama-baru-universitas-negeri-gorontalo|publisher=Republika.co.id|title=Universitas BJ Habibie, Nama Baru Universitas Negeri Gorontalo|date=10 April 2014|accessdate=10 April 2014|author=Taufik Rachman}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[Berkas:Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie official portrait.jpg|120px]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[11 Maret]] [[1998]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[21 Mei]] [[1998]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[Golongan Karya]]
|align=&quot;center&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|8
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot;|-
|align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;|&lt;small&gt;'''''Lowong'''''&lt;/small&gt;{{efn|Jabatan Wakil Presiden Indonesia lowong pada [[1998]] ketika Presiden [[Soeharto]] mengundurkan diri dan kemudian digantikan oleh Wapres [[Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie|B.J. Habibie]]. Karena [[Undang-Undang Dasar Republik Indonesia 1945|UUD 1945]] (sebelum diamendemen) tidak menjelaskan tentang kekosongan jabatan wapres, maka jabatan ini tetap dikosongkan. Jabatan ini baru diisi kembali ketika [[Megawati Soekarnoputri]] terpilih sebagai wapres mendampingi Presiden [[Abdurrahman Wahid]] pada [[1999]].}}
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[21 Mei]] [[1998]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[21 Oktober]] [[1999]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|-
|width=&quot;5&quot; bgcolor=#ffff00|
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie]]
|-
|bgcolor=#ff0000 align=&quot;center&quot;|&lt;font color=&quot;white&quot;&gt;'''8'''
|align=&quot;center&quot;|'''[[Megawati Soekarnoputri]]'''&lt;ref&gt;Tempo: [http://www.tempo.co.id/harian/profil/prof-megawatisoekarnop.html Dari Wakil Presiden ke RI-1.]&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[Berkas:Vice President Megawati Sukarnoputri - Indonesia.jpg|120px]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[21 Oktober]] [[1999]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[23 Juli]] [[2001]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan]]
|align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=#43a143|
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[Abdurrahman Wahid]]
|align=&quot;center&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|9
|-
|bgcolor=#006600 align=&quot;center&quot;|&lt;font color=&quot;white&quot;&gt;'''9'''
|align=&quot;center&quot;|'''[[Hamzah Haz]]'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://kpud-ntbprov.go.id/88-profil/162-9|title=Profil Hamzah Haz|publisher=Komisi Pemilihan Umum Nusa Tenggara Barat|work=kpud-ntbprov.go.id|accessdate=25 Februari 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[Berkas:Hamzah Haz Official Portrait.jpg|120px]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[26 Juli]] [[2001]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[20 Oktober]] [[2004]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[Partai Persatuan Pembangunan]]
|align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=#ff0000|
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[Megawati Soekarnoputri]]
|-
|bgcolor=#ffff00 align=&quot;center&quot;|'''10'''
|align=&quot;center&quot;|'''[[Muhammad Jusuf Kalla]]'''{{efn|2004-2009 Jusuf Kalla menjabat sebagai wakil presiden mendampingi [[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]]}}&lt;ref&gt;Indonesia Satu Kompas: [http://indonesiasatu.kompas.com/read/2014/05/19/1203166/Jokowi.Cawapres.Saya.Jusuf.Kalla Kompas: Cawapres Saya Jusuf Kalla]&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[Berkas:Jusuf Kalla.jpg|120px]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[20 Oktober]] [[2004]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[20 Oktober]] [[2009]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[Partai Golongan Karya]]
|align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=#00004c rowspan=2|
|align=&quot;center&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|10
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot;|'''11'''
|align=&quot;center&quot;|'''[[Boediono]]'''&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2008/05/19/1758553/boediono.bantu.sby.hingga.22.mei|title=Boediono Bantu SBY Hingga 22 Mei|author=Ade Mayasanto|publisher=Kompas.com|date=19 Mei 2008|accessdate=19 Mei 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[Berkas:Boediono, official vice presidential portrait.jpg|120px]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[20 Oktober]] [[2009]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[20 Oktober]] [[2014]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|&lt;small&gt;'''''Nonpartisan'''''&lt;/small&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|11
|-
|bgcolor=#ffff00 align=&quot;center&quot;|'''12'''
|align=&quot;center&quot;|'''[[Muhammad Jusuf Kalla]]'''{{efn|2014-2019 Jusuf Kalla manjabat sabagai wakia presiden mandampingi [[Joko Widodo]]}}&lt;ref&gt;Harian Surya edisi Minggu, 11 September 2011. ''Kallanomics Antar JK Raih Gelar Doktor HC''.&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[Berkas:Jusuf Kalla Vice President Portrait 2014.jpg|120px]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[20 Oktober]] [[2014]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[20 Oktober]] [[2019]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[Partai Golongan Karya]]
|align=&quot;center&quot; bgcolor=#ff0000 rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|
|align=&quot;center&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|[[Joko Widodo]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|12
|-
|align=&quot;center&quot;|'''13'''
|align=&quot;center&quot;|'''[[Ma'ruf Amin]]'''
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[Berkas:Ma'ruf Amin 2019 official portrait.jpg|120px]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|[[20 Oktober]] [[2019]]
|align=&quot;center&quot;|&lt;small&gt;'''''Petahana'''''&lt;/small&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|&lt;small&gt;'''''Nonpartisan'''''&lt;/small&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|13

|-
|}
;Legenda
&lt;div style=&quot;-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:3; column-count:3; text-align:left; padding:0.2em;&quot;&gt;
{{legend|#F5F5F5|Nonpartisan|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|#660000|[[Partai Nasional Indonesia]] (PNI)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|#ffff00|[[Golongan Karya]] (Golkar) / [[Partai Golkar]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|#43a143|[[Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa]] (PKB) |border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|#ff0000 |[[Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan]] (PDI-P)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|#006600|[[Partai Persatuan Pembangunan]] (PPP)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|#00004c|[[Partai Demokrat (Indonesia)|Partai Demokrat]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
&lt;/div&gt;

== Mantan Wakia Presiden nan masih hiduik ==
Per September 2019, hanyo tadapat 4 mantan Wakia Presiden Indonesia nan masih hiduik. Kamatian terakhir mantan wakia presiden adolah [[B. J. Habibie]] nan maningga pado 11 September 2019 (umua 83 tahun).
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;185&quot;&gt;
Berkas:Try Sutrisno Official Portrait.jpg|&lt;center&gt;'''[[Try Sutrisno]]'''&lt;br&gt;(1993–1998)&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;{{birth date and age|mf=yes|1935|11|19}}&lt;/small&gt;
Berkas:Megawati Sukarnoputri in hijab (cropped).png|&lt;center&gt;'''[[Megawati Soekarnoputri|Megawati S.]]'''&lt;br&gt;(1999–2001)&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;{{birth date and age|mf=yes|1947|1|23}}&lt;/small&gt;
Berkas:Hamzah Haz Official Portrait.jpg|&lt;center&gt;'''[[Hamzah Haz]]'''&lt;br&gt;(2001–2004)&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;{{birth date and age|mf=yes|1940|02|15}}&lt;/small&gt;
Berkas:Boediono, official vice presidential portrait.jpg|&lt;center&gt;'''[[Boediono]]'''&lt;br&gt;(2009–2014)&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;{{birth date and age|mf=yes|1943|02|25}}&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Catatan ==
{{notelist}}

== Referensi ==
;Spesifik
{{reflist|2}}

;Utama
* {{citation|last=Abdulgani-Knapp|first=Retnowati|year=2007|title=Soeharto: The Life and Legacy of Indonesia's Second President |edition=|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|location=Singapore|isbn=981-261-340-4|oclc=155758606}}.
* {{citation|last1=Cribb|first1=Robert|last2=Kahin|first2=Audrey|year=2004|title=Historical Dictionary of Indonesia|edition=2nd|publisher=Scarecrow Press|location=Lanham, Maryland|isbn=0-8108-4935-6|oclc=53793487}}.
* {{citation|last= Hughes |first= John |title= The End of Sukarno: A Coup That Misfired: A Purge That Ran Wild |edition= 3rd |year= 2002 |publisher= Archipelago Press |location= Singapore |isbn= 981-4068-65-9 |oclc=52567484}}.
* {{citation|last= McIntyre |first= Angus |title= The Indonesian Presidency: The Shift from Personal Toward Constitutional Rule |edition= 3rd |year= 2005 |publisher= [[Rowman &amp; Littlefield]] |location= Lanham, Maryland|isbn= 0-7425-3827-3 |oclc=59137499}}.
* {{citation|last= Suryadinata|first= Leo|title= Indonesia: The Year of a Democratic Election|journal=Southeast Asian Affairs|year=2005|publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies|location=Singapore|issn=0377-5437|pages=133–149|doi= 10.1355/SEAA-05H|volume= 2005}}.
* {{citation|last=Vickers|first=Adrian|year=2005|title=A History of Modern Indonesia: An Enduring Rivalry|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|location=Cambridge|isbn=0-521-83493-7|oclc=60794234}}.

== Galeri ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Berkas:Stamps of Indonesia, 034-05.jpg|Prangko Wakil Presiden Jusuf Kalla
&lt;/gallery&gt;

{{daftar pemimpin negara|jabatan=Wakil Presiden|negara=Indonesia|tokoh=y|lihat=*[[Daftar kabinet Indonesia]]}}
* [[Sejarah Lembaga Kepresidenan Indonesia]]
* [[Daftar ibu dan bapak negara Indonesia]]

== Pautan lua ==
* {{id}} [http://www.wapresri.go.id/ Situs web resmi Wakil Presiden Republik Indonesia]

{{Wakia Presiden Indonesia}}
{{Topik Indonesia}}</text>
      <sha1>0qds6gq1szzwtmgdcu73bvv03dkmr7d</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Surat elektronik</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>327554</id>
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      <timestamp>2022-08-18T16:30:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>182.0.197.235</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Pautan lua */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7801" xml:space="preserve">: ''Untuak fitur surek elektronik di Wikipedia, caliak Wikipedia:Surek elektronik''

[[Berkas:(at).svg|jmpl|150x150px|&lt;center&gt;Tando et, sabuah bagian dari satiok SMTP kotak surel&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5321#section-2.3.11|title=RFC 5321 – Simple Mail Transfer Protocol|website=Network Working Group|access-date=2010-02=October 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/center&gt;]]
'''Surek elektronik''' (akronim: '''ratel''', '''ratron''', '''surel''', atau '''surat-e''') atau '''pos elektronik''' (akronim: '''pos-el''') atau '''imel''' ([[Bahaso Inggirih|bahaso Inggris]]: '''''e-mail''''') adolah sarana kirim mangirim surek malalui jalur jaringan komputer (misalnyo [[Internet]]).
[[Berkas:Email.svg|jmpl|Limo langkah dalam proses pangiriman surel.]]
Dek surek biaso umumnyo pangirim paralu membayia per pangiriman (dek mambali prangko), tatapi surek elektronik umumnyo harago nan dikaluaan adolah harago untuak membayia sambungan internet. Tapi ado pangacualian misalnyo surek elektronik ka talepon genggam, kadang pembayiannyo ditagih per pangiriman.

#

== Sajarah ==
Surek elektronik alah mulai dipakai pado tahun 1960-an. Pado itu internet alun tabantuak, nan ado hanyolah kumpuan 'mainframe' nan tabantuak sabagai jaringan. Mulai tahun 1980-an, surek elektronik alah biso dinikmati dek khalayak umum. Sakarang ko banyak parusahaan pos di babagai nagari nan manurun panghasilannyo disebabkan masyarakaik alah indak mamakai jasa pos liak.

=== Surel Patamo Di Dunio ===
Konsep surel patamo kali dikamukakan dek '''''Ray Tomlinson''''' pado akhir tahun 1971. Ray Tomlinson pado wakatu tu bakarajo untuak Bolt Beranek and Newman &quot;BBN&quot; milik lembaga pertahanan Amerika. Pado awalnyo Ray baeksperimen dek program komputer nan banamo SNDMSG nan pado wakatu tu digunoan untuak maninggalkan pasan pado komputer, sahingga urang nan mamakai komputer dapek mambaco pasan nan ditinggaan dek pamakai komputer &quot;wakatu tu normal katiko banyak urang manggunoan komputer nan samo sacaro bagantian&quot;.

Eksperimen Ray kamudian dilanjuikan dek manghubungkan SNDMSG malalui file protocol nan banamo CYPNET sahinggo program SNDMSG dapek mangiriman pasan ka komputer lain, namun masih ado dalam ciek jaringan ARPAnet. Eksperimen tasabuik barasil jo Itulah awal taciptonyo surel.

Pasan surel patamo kali nan dikirim dek Ray pado 1971 marupokan surel patamo di dunio. Isi Pasan barupo &quot;kato kato tes&quot; sapanuhnyo dilupoan, Kamungkinan pasan patamo nan dikirimnyo adolah QWERTYUIOP atau huruf sarupo,&quot; kato Ray dalam akun Flickr miliknya. Pado tahun 1972, Ray manganaan lambang @ &quot;Indonesia dibaco ET&quot; sabagai identitas email untuak mamisahan antaro Identitas pangguno dek domain. @ &quot;bahasa inggris ditulih AT&quot; aratinyo adolah &quot;kapado&quot;.

== Alamaik surel ==
Struktur alamaik surel, sabagai contoh:

Katerangan:

== Metode pangiriman ==
Untuak mangirim surek elektronik kito mamaralukan suatu program ''mail-client''. Surek elektronik nan kito kirim akan malalui babarapo poin sabalum sampai di tujuan. Mulai dari surek elektronik dikirim → Internet → POP3 server panyadio surel panarimo → ''mail client'' (di komputer si panarimo) → surek elektronik dibaco si panarimo

Nampak surek elektronik nan takirim hanyo malalui 5 poin (salain komputer pangirim jo panarimo). Sabananyo labiah dari itu sebab salapeh surek elektronik maninggaan POP3 Server mako itu akan malalui banyak server-server lainnyo. Indak tatutuik kamungkinan surek elektronik nan kito kirim disadap urang lain. Mako dari itu bilo surek elektronik nan kito kirim manganduang isi nan sensitif sabaiknyo kito mangarajoan tindakan pancegahan, dek mangacak (enkripsi) data dalam surek elektronik tasabuik (contohnyo manggunoan PGP, sertifikat digital, jo lain-lain)

== Caro mambaco surek elektronik ==
Surek elektronik pado awalnyo disimpan di dalam sabuah ''mailserver''. Biasonyo katiko sasaurang mamakai koneksi ISP untuak sambungan ka internet, inyo akan dibarian ciek surek elektronik gratis. Surek elektronik nan ditarimo akan disimpan di server surek elektronik ISP.

Ado duo caro untuak mengakses surat elektronik:

* Dek caro manggunoan paramban web, sarupo Mozilla Firefox. Metode iko disabuik sabagai ''web-based'', aratinyo kito manggunoan media web sabagai parantaro ka kotak surek elektronik. Contoh: Yahoo! Mail dan Gmail. Untuak manggunoannyo, pangguna haruslah dalam keadaan daring. Layanan surek elektronik babasis web biasonyo disadioan dek penyelenggara layanan surel gratis.
* Manggunoan program pengakses surek elektronik (''e-mail client''), sarupo: Eudora Mail, Outlook Express, Windows Mail, Mozilla Thunderbird, Mutt. Dek manggunoan program sarupo iko, sasaurang harus mengetahui konfigurasi nan biso didapek dari ISP. Keuntungannyo adolah dapek mambaco surek elektronik tanpa paralu tahubuang sacaro taruih-manaruih dek internet jo puluhan surek elektronik dapek ditarimo jo dikiriman sacaro basamo-samo sakaligus. Kalabihan nan lainnyo adolah perangkek luneik iko manyadioan fungsi-fungsi panyuntingan jo pembacoan surel sacara luring. Dek demikian biaya koneksi ka internet dapek dihimeik.

== Etika panggunoan surek elektronik ==
Etika dalam surek elektronik samo dek etika dalam manulih surek biaso. Ado surek elektronik nan isinyo formal ado nan informal. Babarapo poin pentiang:

* Jan mangirim surek elektronik jo lampiran (''attachment'') nan talalu gadang (labiah dari 512 kB). Indak sado urang mampunyoi akses Internet nan capek, jo ado kamungkinan lampiran tasabuik malabihi kapasitas surek elektronik panarimo, sahinggo akan ditolak ''mailserver'' panarimo. Salain tu, caliak juo bahwa babarapo panyadio surek elektronik jugo manerapkan batasan tentang jumlah, jinih, jo ukuran surek elektronik nan dapek ditarimo (jo dikirim) panggunonyo,
* Jan mangirim lanjuik (''forward'') surek elektronik tanpa bapikia kagunoan bagi urang nan dituju.
* Acok isi kolom subjek, jan dipadian kosong.
* Dalam mangutip tulihan urang lain, acok usahoan mangutip saparalunyo, jan namua gampangnyo mangutip sado tulihan urang tu:
** dalam manjawek surek elektronik urang lain, kutip bagian nan kito tanggapi se, salain labiah jaleh juo indak mamakan wakatu / jatah akses panarimo,
** dalam mangutip tulihan urang katigo, ingek hak cipto: kutip saketek mungkin jo rujuak ka tulihan aslinyo.
* Jan manggunoan huruf kapital karano dapek manimbulkan kesan anda BATARIAK.
* Gunoan kato-kato dek santun. Adokalanyo sesuatu nan kito tulih akan takesan babeda dek apo nan sabananyo kito makasuikan.

== Keamanan ==
Keamanan data di surek elektronik indaklah tajamin jo acok ado risiko tabukak untuak umum, dalam aratian sadolah isinyo dapek dibaco dek urang lain. Hal iko disebabkan dek karano surek elektronik tu akan malewati banyak server sabalun sampai di tujuan. Indak tatutuik kamungkinan ado urang nang manyadap surek elektronik nan dikiriman tasabuik.

Surek elektronik dapek diamankan jo mangarajoan teknik pengacakan (enkripsi). Salah satu program enkripsi nan populer adolah [http://www.pgpi.org/ PGP] (''Pretty Good Privacy''). Dek mamakai PGP mako isi akan dienkrip, jo hanyo urang nan tatuju dapek mandekripsi jo mambaco surek elektronik tasabuik. Karugiannyo adolah mambuek repot pihak pangirim jo panarimo (karano kaduonyo harus punyo program PGP, jo pangirim jugo harus punyo kunci umum panarimo, jo mangarajoan enkripsi pasan jo kunci tasabuik).

== Caliak pulo ==

* Alamaik surek elektronik
* Virus komputer
* Spam
* Milis
* Komunitas maya

== Rujuakan ==
{{Reflist}}

==Pautan lua ==
{{Sister project links |1=E-mail|author=UdaKami|auto=no|b=book:Surat elektronik|c=no|collapsible=yes|c:Special:Search/Category:E-mail|d=Q9158|display=Surat elektronik|m=no|mw=no|n=no|position=left|q=no|qid=no|s=no|species=no|species_author=no|style=Use with caution. (And don't use for evil!)|v=Surat elektronik|voy=no|wikt=Surek}}</text>
      <sha1>j7l2su1qz60y9m9wdf7uzldep9sib4z</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Urang Putiah</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <timestamp>2022-08-19T08:20:33Z</timestamp>
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        <ip>220.211.26.224</ip>
      </contributor>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10010" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Black genitalia.jpg|thumb]]
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Urang Putiah
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| population =
| popplace =
| region1 = {{flagcountry|United States}}
| pop1 = 243,832,540
| ref1 = &lt;ref name=acs17&gt;{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=united%20states&amp;g=0100000US&amp;hidePreview=false&amp;tid=ACSDP5Y2018.DP05&amp;vintage=2018&amp;cid=DP05_0001E|title=ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates|date=December 2019|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]] |access-date=23 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region2 = {{flagcountry|Russia}}
| pop2 = 120,016,896
| ref2 = &lt;ref name=gks&gt;[http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/population/demo/per-itog/tab5.xls Ethnic groups in Russia], 2010 census, Rosstat. Retrieved 15 February 2012 {{in lang|ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;With 9 million [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]] minority population.&lt;/ref&gt;
| region3 = {{flagcountry|Brazil}}
| pop3 = 91,051,646
| ref3 = &lt;ref name=&quot;ibge.gov.br 2010&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/english/estatistica/populacao/censo2010/caracteristicas_da_populacao/tabelas_pdf/tab3.pdf|date=8 November 2011|title=Censo Demográfi co 2010 Características da população e dos domicílios Resultados do universo|accessdate=12 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region4 = {{flagcountry|France}}
| pop4 = 67,119,000
| ref4 = &lt;ref name=&quot;Démographie&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Démographie – Population au début du mois – France|url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/bases-de-donnees/bsweb/serie.asp?idbank=001641607|website=Insee.fr|publisher=Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques|accessdate=24 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region5 = {{flagcountry|Germany}}
| pop5 = 62,482,000
| ref5 = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= https://www.destatis.de/EN/Themes/Society-Environment/Population/Migration-Integration/Tables/migrant-status-sex.html|date=2017|title=Population|accessdate=23 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region6 = {{flagcountry|Italy}}
| pop6 = 55,551,000
| ref6 = &lt;ref name=&quot;Instat&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.istat.it/it/files/2017/03/Indicatori-Demografici.pdf|title=Indicatori demografici Istat (Italian)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region7 = {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
| pop7 = 51,736,290
| ref7 = &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-ks201ew.xls 2011 Census: Ethnic group, local authorities in England and Wales], Accessed 13 June 2014&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/censusresults/release2a/rel2asbtable2.xls Table 2 - Ethnic groups, Scotland, 2001 and 2011 Scotlands Census published 30 September 2013], Accessed 13 June 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.nisra.gov.uk/publications/2011-census-key-statistics-northern-ireland|title=2011 Census - Key Statistics for Northern Ireland|date=11 January 2017|website=Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region8 = {{flagcountry|Spain}}
| pop8 = 41,539,400
| ref8 = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ine.es/prensa/padron_prensa.htm|title=Official Population Figures of Spain. Population on 1&amp;nbsp;January 2013|publisher=INE Instituto Nacional de Estadística}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region9 = {{flagcountry|Mexico}}
| pop9 = 16,000,000-59,000,000
| ref9 = &lt;ref name=CIA-Factbook&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mx.html|title=The World Factbook: North America: Mexico: People and Society|publisher=The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)|quote=mestizo (Amerindian-Spanish) 62%, predominantly Amerindian 21%, Amerindian 7%, other 10% (mostly European)|accessdate=23 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mexico/Ethnic-groups|title=Mexico: Ethnic groups|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=23 August 2017|postscript=: Ethnic composition (2010): 64.3% mestizo; 15% Mexican white; 10.5% detribalized Amerindian; 7.5% other Amerindian; 1% Arab; 0.5% Mexican black; 1.2% other.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;conapred21Marzo&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.conapred.org.mx/documentos_cedoc/21_Marzo_DiaIntElimDiscRacial_INACCSS.pdf|title=21 de Marzo: Día Internacional de la Eliminación de la Discriminación Racial|trans-title=21 March: International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination|language=es|publisher=[[National Council to Prevent Discrimination|CONAPRED]]|location=Mexico|page=7|date=2017|accessdate=23 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;conapredEncuesta&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=http://www.conapred.org.mx/userfiles/files/Enadis-2010-RG-Accss-002.pdf|title=Encuesta Nacional Sobre Discriminación en Mexico|trans-title=National Survey on Discrimination in Mexico|language=es|publisher=CONAPRED|location=Mexico|date=June 2011|accessdate=24 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region10= {{flagcountry|Poland}}
| pop10 = 38,080,000
| ref10 = &lt;ref name=&quot;stat&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=The national-ethnic affiliation in the population – The results of the census of population and housing in 2011|url=http://www.stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/Przynaleznosc_narodowo-etniczna_w_2011_NSP.pdf|accessdate=6 March 2013|author=Central Statistical Office|page=1|language=pl| date=January 2013 |author-link=Central Statistical Office (Poland)}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{citation needed|date=March 2020}}&lt;!-- Empty references &lt;ref name=&quot;gudaszewski&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NSP 2011&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ludność&quot;/--&gt;
| region11 = {{flagcountry|Ukraine}}
| pop11 = 37,541,693
| ref11 = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/nationality|title=Number and composition population of Ukraine: population census 2001|work=[[Ukrainian Census (2001)|State Statistics Committee of Ukraine]]|date=5 December 2001|accessdate=5 August 2007|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070706003257/http://www.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/nationality/|archivedate=6 July 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region12 = {{flagcountry|Argentina}}
| pop12 = 31,477,582
| ref12 = &lt;ref&gt;https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ar.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Levinas2015&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first=Gabriel|last=Levinas|title=Doble agente: La biografía inesperada de Horacio Verbitsky|trans-title=Double agent: The unexpected biography of Horacio Verbitsky|language=es|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jAReCgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA1|date=2015|publisher=Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial Argentina|isbn=978-950-07-5394-4|page=1}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/2433/243316417003.pdf|author=Sabine Kradolfer Morales|title=Ser mapuche en Argentina en el umbral del tercer milenio1|website=Redalyc.org|accessdate=11 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lizcano&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|url=http://convergencia.uaemex.mx/rev38/38pdf/LIZCANO.pdf|title=Composición Étnica de las Tres Áreas Culturales del Continente Americano al Comienzo del Siglo XXI|author=Francisco Lizcano Fernández|page=218|trans-title=Ethnic Composition of the Three Cultural Areas of the American Continent at the Beginning of the 21st Century|language=es|journal=Convergencia. Revista de Ciencias Sociales|publisher=Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México|location=Toluca, México|volume=12|issue=38|date=May–August 2005|issn=1405-1435|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130626010236/http://convergencia.uaemex.mx/rev38/38pdf/LIZCANO.pdf|archivedate=26 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|first=Silvina|last=Heguy|url=http://edant.clarin.com/diario/2005/01/16/sociedad/s-03415.htm|title=El 56% de los argentinos tiene antepasados indígenas|trans-title=56% of Argentines have indigenous ancestors|language=es|publisher=edant.clarin.com|date=16 January 2005|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708164024/http://edant.clarin.com/diario/2005/01/16/sociedad/s-03415.htm|archivedate=8 July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|first=Gabriela|last=Navarra|url=http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1402942-al-finalllegamos-de-los-barcos|title=Al final...,¿Llegamos de los barcos?|trans-title=In the end... did we arrive in boats?|language=es|publisher=La Nacion|date=4 September 2011|accessdate=12 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| langs = [[Bahaso-bahaso Eropa]] &lt;small&gt;([[Bahaso Inggirih|Inggirih]], [[Bahaso Parancih|Parancih]], [[Bahaso Jerman|Jerman]], [[Bahaso Itali|Itali]], [[Bahaso Portugih|Portugih]], [[Bahaso Rusia|Rusia]], and [[Bahaso Sapanyol|Sapanyol]] dan bahaso-bahaso lainnyo dangan jumlah pangecek nan labiah saketek) &lt;/small&gt;
| rels = [[File:P christianity.svg|18px]] Paliang banyak [[Kristen]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Katolik Roma|Katolik]], [[Protestan]] and [[Ortodoks Timue|Ortodoks]])&lt;br&gt;[[Indak baagamo]] {{·}}[[Agamo|Agamo lainnyo]]&lt;/small&gt;
| related = [[Kalompok etnik di Eropa|Urang Eropa]]
}}
'''Urang Putiah''' adolah sabuah [[Ras|pangalompokan rasial]] dan istilah nan didasakan pado warano kulik, nan acok kali takaik sacaro teknik jo urang-urang nan bakaturunan [[Urang Eurasia|Eurasia]] Barat;&lt;ref&gt;David Reich. Who We Are and How We Got Here. Ancient DNA and the New Science of the Human Past (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018&lt;/ref&gt; badasakan makasuiknyo, kabansoan, jo suduik pandang. Istilah iko alah bakali-kali dipalaweh untuak mamasuakkan pulo katurunan dari Urang-Urang [[Kalompok etnik di Timue Tangah|Timue Tangah]] dan [[Kalompok etnik di Afrika#Afrika Utaro|Afrika Utaro]] (bantuaknyo, pado pangaratian [[Sensus Amerika Sarikat]]), urang-urang nan acok disangko indak tamasuak ka Urang Putiah pado urang-urang tatantu, dan bakali-kali dikaluakan adolah urang-urang nan baasa dari Eropa Salatan.&lt;ref&gt;The New York Times (12 October 2019): [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/10/12/opinion/columbus-day-italian-american-racism.html &quot;How Italians became 'White'&quot;]. Retrieved 9 July 2020&lt;/ref&gt; Panggunoan istilah &quot;urang putiah&quot; atau &quot;ras putiah&quot; untuak kalompok nan gadang dimakasuikkan karano [[kulik tarang]]nyo, nan sacaro panampakan balawanan jo &quot;[[Urang Kalam]]&quot;, [[Urang Asali Amerika|Urang Amerindia]], jo &quot;[[Urang Bawarano]]&quot;, nan tabantuak pado abaik ka-17. Wakatu abaik ka-19, istilah iko batuka kapado [[rasisme saintifik|sistem saintifik palsu]] dari [[Ras|ras]] dan hubuangan [[warano kulik]].

==Referensi==
{{reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>3quvpgir6xr8akejaxkq7g84x70xzsy</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>2444463</id>
      <parentid>2444462</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-19T08:22:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Drummingman</username>
        <id>15483</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Suntingan [[Special:Contributions/220.211.26.224|220.211.26.224]] ([[User talk:220.211.26.224|bicara]]) dibatalkan ke versi terakhir oleh [[User:Drummingman|Drummingman]]</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="9975" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Urang Putiah
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| population =
| popplace =
| region1 = {{flagcountry|United States}}
| pop1 = 243,832,540
| ref1 = &lt;ref name=acs17&gt;{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=united%20states&amp;g=0100000US&amp;hidePreview=false&amp;tid=ACSDP5Y2018.DP05&amp;vintage=2018&amp;cid=DP05_0001E|title=ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates|date=December 2019|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]] |access-date=23 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region2 = {{flagcountry|Russia}}
| pop2 = 120,016,896
| ref2 = &lt;ref name=gks&gt;[http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/population/demo/per-itog/tab5.xls Ethnic groups in Russia], 2010 census, Rosstat. Retrieved 15 February 2012 {{in lang|ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;With 9 million [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]] minority population.&lt;/ref&gt;
| region3 = {{flagcountry|Brazil}}
| pop3 = 91,051,646
| ref3 = &lt;ref name=&quot;ibge.gov.br 2010&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/english/estatistica/populacao/censo2010/caracteristicas_da_populacao/tabelas_pdf/tab3.pdf|date=8 November 2011|title=Censo Demográfi co 2010 Características da população e dos domicílios Resultados do universo|accessdate=12 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region4 = {{flagcountry|France}}
| pop4 = 67,119,000
| ref4 = &lt;ref name=&quot;Démographie&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Démographie – Population au début du mois – France|url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/bases-de-donnees/bsweb/serie.asp?idbank=001641607|website=Insee.fr|publisher=Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques|accessdate=24 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region5 = {{flagcountry|Germany}}
| pop5 = 62,482,000
| ref5 = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= https://www.destatis.de/EN/Themes/Society-Environment/Population/Migration-Integration/Tables/migrant-status-sex.html|date=2017|title=Population|accessdate=23 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region6 = {{flagcountry|Italy}}
| pop6 = 55,551,000
| ref6 = &lt;ref name=&quot;Instat&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.istat.it/it/files/2017/03/Indicatori-Demografici.pdf|title=Indicatori demografici Istat (Italian)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region7 = {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
| pop7 = 51,736,290
| ref7 = &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-ks201ew.xls 2011 Census: Ethnic group, local authorities in England and Wales], Accessed 13 June 2014&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/documents/censusresults/release2a/rel2asbtable2.xls Table 2 - Ethnic groups, Scotland, 2001 and 2011 Scotlands Census published 30 September 2013], Accessed 13 June 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.nisra.gov.uk/publications/2011-census-key-statistics-northern-ireland|title=2011 Census - Key Statistics for Northern Ireland|date=11 January 2017|website=Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region8 = {{flagcountry|Spain}}
| pop8 = 41,539,400
| ref8 = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ine.es/prensa/padron_prensa.htm|title=Official Population Figures of Spain. Population on 1&amp;nbsp;January 2013|publisher=INE Instituto Nacional de Estadística}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region9 = {{flagcountry|Mexico}}
| pop9 = 16,000,000-59,000,000
| ref9 = &lt;ref name=CIA-Factbook&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mx.html|title=The World Factbook: North America: Mexico: People and Society|publisher=The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)|quote=mestizo (Amerindian-Spanish) 62%, predominantly Amerindian 21%, Amerindian 7%, other 10% (mostly European)|accessdate=23 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mexico/Ethnic-groups|title=Mexico: Ethnic groups|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=23 August 2017|postscript=: Ethnic composition (2010): 64.3% mestizo; 15% Mexican white; 10.5% detribalized Amerindian; 7.5% other Amerindian; 1% Arab; 0.5% Mexican black; 1.2% other.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;conapred21Marzo&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.conapred.org.mx/documentos_cedoc/21_Marzo_DiaIntElimDiscRacial_INACCSS.pdf|title=21 de Marzo: Día Internacional de la Eliminación de la Discriminación Racial|trans-title=21 March: International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination|language=es|publisher=[[National Council to Prevent Discrimination|CONAPRED]]|location=Mexico|page=7|date=2017|accessdate=23 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;conapredEncuesta&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=http://www.conapred.org.mx/userfiles/files/Enadis-2010-RG-Accss-002.pdf|title=Encuesta Nacional Sobre Discriminación en Mexico|trans-title=National Survey on Discrimination in Mexico|language=es|publisher=CONAPRED|location=Mexico|date=June 2011|accessdate=24 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region10= {{flagcountry|Poland}}
| pop10 = 38,080,000
| ref10 = &lt;ref name=&quot;stat&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=The national-ethnic affiliation in the population – The results of the census of population and housing in 2011|url=http://www.stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/Przynaleznosc_narodowo-etniczna_w_2011_NSP.pdf|accessdate=6 March 2013|author=Central Statistical Office|page=1|language=pl| date=January 2013 |author-link=Central Statistical Office (Poland)}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{citation needed|date=March 2020}}&lt;!-- Empty references &lt;ref name=&quot;gudaszewski&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NSP 2011&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ludność&quot;/--&gt;
| region11 = {{flagcountry|Ukraine}}
| pop11 = 37,541,693
| ref11 = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/nationality|title=Number and composition population of Ukraine: population census 2001|work=[[Ukrainian Census (2001)|State Statistics Committee of Ukraine]]|date=5 December 2001|accessdate=5 August 2007|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070706003257/http://www.ukrcensus.gov.ua/eng/results/general/nationality/|archivedate=6 July 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region12 = {{flagcountry|Argentina}}
| pop12 = 31,477,582
| ref12 = &lt;ref&gt;https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ar.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Levinas2015&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first=Gabriel|last=Levinas|title=Doble agente: La biografía inesperada de Horacio Verbitsky|trans-title=Double agent: The unexpected biography of Horacio Verbitsky|language=es|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jAReCgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA1|date=2015|publisher=Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial Argentina|isbn=978-950-07-5394-4|page=1}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/2433/243316417003.pdf|author=Sabine Kradolfer Morales|title=Ser mapuche en Argentina en el umbral del tercer milenio1|website=Redalyc.org|accessdate=11 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lizcano&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|url=http://convergencia.uaemex.mx/rev38/38pdf/LIZCANO.pdf|title=Composición Étnica de las Tres Áreas Culturales del Continente Americano al Comienzo del Siglo XXI|author=Francisco Lizcano Fernández|page=218|trans-title=Ethnic Composition of the Three Cultural Areas of the American Continent at the Beginning of the 21st Century|language=es|journal=Convergencia. Revista de Ciencias Sociales|publisher=Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México|location=Toluca, México|volume=12|issue=38|date=May–August 2005|issn=1405-1435|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130626010236/http://convergencia.uaemex.mx/rev38/38pdf/LIZCANO.pdf|archivedate=26 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|first=Silvina|last=Heguy|url=http://edant.clarin.com/diario/2005/01/16/sociedad/s-03415.htm|title=El 56% de los argentinos tiene antepasados indígenas|trans-title=56% of Argentines have indigenous ancestors|language=es|publisher=edant.clarin.com|date=16 January 2005|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708164024/http://edant.clarin.com/diario/2005/01/16/sociedad/s-03415.htm|archivedate=8 July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|first=Gabriela|last=Navarra|url=http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1402942-al-finalllegamos-de-los-barcos|title=Al final...,¿Llegamos de los barcos?|trans-title=In the end... did we arrive in boats?|language=es|publisher=La Nacion|date=4 September 2011|accessdate=12 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| langs = [[Bahaso-bahaso Eropa]] &lt;small&gt;([[Bahaso Inggirih|Inggirih]], [[Bahaso Parancih|Parancih]], [[Bahaso Jerman|Jerman]], [[Bahaso Itali|Itali]], [[Bahaso Portugih|Portugih]], [[Bahaso Rusia|Rusia]], and [[Bahaso Sapanyol|Sapanyol]] dan bahaso-bahaso lainnyo dangan jumlah pangecek nan labiah saketek) &lt;/small&gt;
| rels = [[File:P christianity.svg|18px]] Paliang banyak [[Kristen]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;([[Katolik Roma|Katolik]], [[Protestan]] and [[Ortodoks Timue|Ortodoks]])&lt;br&gt;[[Indak baagamo]] {{·}}[[Agamo|Agamo lainnyo]]&lt;/small&gt;
| related = [[Kalompok etnik di Eropa|Urang Eropa]]
}}
'''Urang Putiah''' adolah sabuah [[Ras|pangalompokan rasial]] dan istilah nan didasakan pado warano kulik, nan acok kali takaik sacaro teknik jo urang-urang nan bakaturunan [[Urang Eurasia|Eurasia]] Barat;&lt;ref&gt;David Reich. Who We Are and How We Got Here. Ancient DNA and the New Science of the Human Past (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018&lt;/ref&gt; badasakan makasuiknyo, kabansoan, jo suduik pandang. Istilah iko alah bakali-kali dipalaweh untuak mamasuakkan pulo katurunan dari Urang-Urang [[Kalompok etnik di Timue Tangah|Timue Tangah]] dan [[Kalompok etnik di Afrika#Afrika Utaro|Afrika Utaro]] (bantuaknyo, pado pangaratian [[Sensus Amerika Sarikat]]), urang-urang nan acok disangko indak tamasuak ka Urang Putiah pado urang-urang tatantu, dan bakali-kali dikaluakan adolah urang-urang nan baasa dari Eropa Salatan.&lt;ref&gt;The New York Times (12 October 2019): [https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/10/12/opinion/columbus-day-italian-american-racism.html &quot;How Italians became 'White'&quot;]. Retrieved 9 July 2020&lt;/ref&gt; Panggunoan istilah &quot;urang putiah&quot; atau &quot;ras putiah&quot; untuak kalompok nan gadang dimakasuikkan karano [[kulik tarang]]nyo, nan sacaro panampakan balawanan jo &quot;[[Urang Kalam]]&quot;, [[Urang Asali Amerika|Urang Amerindia]], jo &quot;[[Urang Bawarano]]&quot;, nan tabantuak pado abaik ka-17. Wakatu abaik ka-19, istilah iko batuka kapado [[rasisme saintifik|sistem saintifik palsu]] dari [[Ras|ras]] dan hubuangan [[warano kulik]].

==Referensi==
{{reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>bptu013kgge8g8f2m1aqiyxctna7q6j</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kakaisaran Romawi Suci</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>336848</id>
    <revision>
      <id>2444457</id>
      <parentid>2443755</parentid>
      <timestamp>2022-08-19T06:36:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <ip>114.10.67.209</ip>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Pautan lua */</comment>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1405" xml:space="preserve">[[Berkas:Bundeswehr_Kreuz_Black.svg|jmpl|240px|ka|(Bandero [[Rasisme|rasis]] Kakaisaran)&lt;br/&gt;''[[Balkenkreuz|Panji hitam kakaisaran]]'' sarupo ajak bandero ''[[Kakaisaran Romawi Timur|romawi timua]]'' dan ''[[Inggirih]]'' nan ado pado kandaraan [[Main Battle Tank|militer darek]], lauik, udaro, saroto angkaso lua dangan 4U pado tiok suduik dipasoan, punyo arti:&lt;br/&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;''&quot;Go [[Kaisar Uda|Uda]], obe [[ampek]]&quot;''.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br/&gt;ditajomahan:&lt;br/&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;''&quot;Pulanglah uda, beko dipabinian ka [[uni]]&quot;''.&lt;/div&gt;]]
'''Kakaisaran Romawi''' (bahaso Latin: Imperium Romanum) adolah pariode pasca-Republik dari paradaban Romawi kuno, saumpamo dangan pamarintahan nan dipimpin jo kaisar, dan kapamilikan wilayah kakuasaan nan lowe di sakitar Lawuik Tangah di Eropa, Afrika, dan Asia. Republik barusia 500 tahun nan mandahuluinyo talah malamah dan indak stabil akibat sarangkaian parang saudaro dan konflik politik.
==Namo==
&lt;br/&gt;

==Rujuakan==
{{reflist}}&lt;br/&gt;
==Pautan lua==
{{Sister project links |1=Holy Roman Empire|author=Kakaisaran Romawi Suci|auto=no|b=Kakaisaran Romawi Suci|c=no|collapsible=no|commonscat=Holy Roman Empire|d=yes|display=Kakaisaran Romawi Suci|m=no|mw=no|n=no|position=left|q=no|qid=no|s=no|species=no|species_author=no|style=Use with caution. (And don't use for evil!)|v=Kakaisaran Romawi Suci|voy=no|wikt=bangso}}


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  <page>
    <title>Google</title>
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      <text bytes="5416" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Google_2015_logo.svg|thumb|Logo [[parusahoan]] Google.]]
'''Google LLC''' adolah sabuah [[parusahoan multinasional]] [[Amerika Sarikat]] nan khusus pado jasa jo produk [[internet]]. Sarupo jo [[Microsoft]] sarato [[Apple]], produk-produknyo maliputi teknologi pancarian, [[komputasi web]], [[parangkek lunak]], [[parangkek kareh]], jo [[iklan daring]]. Sabagian gadang labonyo barasa dari [[AdWords]].&lt;!--37905/36531 = 96% in 2011--&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;financialtables&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://investor.google.com/fin_data.html|title=Financial Tables|publisher=Google, Inc.|accessdate=May 2, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Online Ads Give Google Huge Gain in Profit|first=David A.|last=Vise|url=https://archive.org/details/googlehetverhaal0000vise|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=October 21, 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Google dibuek dek [[Larry Page]] jo [[Sergey Brin]] katiko masi mahasiswa [[Ph.D.]] di [[Universitas Stanford]]. Inyo baduo mamagang 16 persen saham parusahaan. Inyo manjadian Google sabagai parusahaan swasta pado tanggal 4 September 1998. Misnyo iolah &quot;mangumpuan informasi dunia jo mambueknyo dapek diakses jo bamanfaaik untuak sadoalah urang&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.google.com/corporate/ &quot;Google Corporate Information&quot;]. Google, Inc. Diakses tanggal February 14, 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; jo slogan indak resminyo iolah &quot;Don't be evil&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[http://investor.google.com/conduct.html &quot;Google Code of Conduct&quot;]. Google, Inc. April 8, 2009. Diakses tanggal July 5, 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Lenssen, Philip (July 16, 2007). [http://blogoscoped.com/archive/2007-07-16-n55.html &quot;Paul Buchheit on Gmail, AdSense and More&quot;]. ''Google Blogoscoped''. Diakses tanggal February 14, 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; Pado taun 2006, kantua pusek Google pindah ka Mountain View, [[California]].

Sajak didirian, patumbuahan parusahaan nan capek alah mahasilan babagai produk, akuisisi, jo karajo samo di bidang [[masin pancari]] inti Google. Parusahaan iko manawaran parangkaik lunak produktivitas daring (dalam jaringan), tamasuak surek elektronik (surel), paket aplikasi pakantuaan, jo jejariang sosial. Produk-produk komputer mejanyo maliputi aplikasi untuak manjalajah web, mangatua jo manyuntiang poto, jo pasan instan. Parusahaan iko mamprakarsai pangambangan sistem operasi Android untuak talepon ganggam jo Google Chrome OS&lt;ref&gt;[[&quot;Chromebook&quot;]]. Google. Diakses tanggal August 17, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; untuak jajaran netbook Chromebook. Google alah baraliah ka parangkaik kareh komunikasi. Bakarajo samo jo babagai produsen elektronik gadang untuak mamproduksi parangkaik Nexus-nyo jo mangakuisisi Motorola Mobility pado Mei 2012.&lt;ref&gt;Brad Stone; Peter Burrows (May 22, 2012). [http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-05-22/its-official-google-is-now-a-hardware-company &quot;It's Official: Google Is Now a Hardware Company&quot;]. ''Bloomberg Businessweek''. Diakses tanggal September 4, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;  Taun 2012, infrasturktur saraik optik dipasang di Kansas untuak mamfasilitasi layanan internet pita leba Google Fiber.&lt;ref&gt;Hesseldahl, Arik (July 26, 2012). [http://allthingsd.com/20120726/google-gets-into-the-cable-tv-business-for-real/ &quot;Google Gets Into the Cable TV Business, for Real&quot;]. ''AllThingsD.com''. Diakses tanggal September 15, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

Parusahaan iko dipakiroan mangoperasian labiah dari sajuta server di babarapo pusek data di sadoalah dunia ko,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.pandia.com/sew/481-gartner.html &quot;Pandia Search Engine News – Google: one million servers and counting&quot;]. ''Pandia Search Engine News.'' July 2, 2007. Diakses tanggal February 14, 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; jo mamproses labiah dari samiliar kueri pancarian&lt;ref&gt;Kuhn, Eric (December 18, 2009). [http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2009/12/18/google-unveils-top-political-searches-of-2009/ &quot;CNN Politics – Political Ticker... Google unveils top political searches of 2009&quot;]. ''CNN''. Diakses tanggal February 14, 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; jo sakitaran 24 petabita data nan dibuek pangguno satiok harinyo.&lt;ref&gt;[[&quot;MapReduce&quot;]]. Portal.acm.org. Diakses tanggal August 16, 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; Pado bulan Desember Alexa manyabuik google.com sabagai situs Web nan paliang banyak dikunjuangi di dunia. Situs-situs Google dalam bahasa lain masuak paringkek 100 kaateh, sabagaimano halnyo situs Google lainyo sarupo YouTube jo Blogger.[] Google manampati paringkek kaduo di basis data ekuitas merek BrandZ.[] Dominasi pasanyo manuai kritik manganai hak cipta, panyensoran, jo privasi.[][] Pado taun 2014, Google juo mandapek panghargaan dari Business Indeed sabagai parusahaan nan mampunyoi merek paliang banilai.[]

Pado 10 Agustus 2015, Google malalui postingan blog, CEO Google Larry Page mangumuman pambantuakan parusahaan baru banamo Alphabet nan ka manjadi parusahaan induk mancakuik Google jo usaho-usaho lainyo nan indak talalu takaik araik ka bisnis utamo Google.[] Pado restrukturisasi tasabuik, Larry Page akan manjadi CEO Parusahaan baru Alphabet. Sergey Brin manjabek sabagai presiden didampingi Erich Schmidt sabagai Executive Chairman, sadangkan, CEO Google akan dijabaik dek Sundar Pichai.[]

== Rujuakan ==
d{{Reflist}}
==Pautan lua ==
{{Sister project links |1=search engines|author=UdaKami|auto=no|b=book:Google|c=no|collapsible=yes|commonscat=search engines|d=Q4182287|display=Google|m=no|mw=no|n=no|position=left|q=no|qid=no|s=no|species=no|species_author=no|style=Use with caution. (And don't use for evil!)|v=Google|voy=no|wikt=cari}}

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[[Kategori:Google]]
[[Kategori:Parusahoan Amerika Sarikat]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bank Permata</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="1193" xml:space="preserve">'''Bank Permata''' atau '''PermataBank''' marupokan salah satu [[bank]] swasta nasional di Indonesia. Pado taun 2019, [[Bangkok Bank]] mangambil alih PermataBank dan mamulai transformasi bosegh di dalam organisasi. PermataBank mamiliki visi manjadi palopor dalam mambarikan solusi finansial nan inovatif. Malayani hampia 4 juta nasabah di 62 kota di Indonesia. PermataBank mamiliki 304 kantor cabang, 2 cabang bagarak (Mobile Branch), 942 ATM dangan akses di labiah dari 100.000 ATM (VisaPlus, Visa Electron, MasterCard, [[ALTO|Alto]], [[ATM Bersama]] dan [[PRIMA|ATM Prima]]) dan jutaan ATM di seluruh dunia nan tahubuang dangan jaringan [[Visa Inc.|Visa]], [[MasterCard|Mastercard]], Cirrus. Saat ini adolah PermataBank dipimpin oleh Ridha DM. Wirakusumah sabagai Direktur Utama. Sajak 20 Januari 2021, bank ini manjadi [[bank]] BUKU IV.

==Sajarah==
Bank Permata marupokan [[bank]] hasil penggabungan dari lima bank di bawah pengelolaan [[Badan Penyehatan Perbankan Nasional]] (BPPN), yaitu:
* PT [[Bank Bali]] Tbk - Berdiri pada 1954
* PT [[Bank Universal]] Tbk
* PT Bank Prima Express
* PT Bank Artamedia
* PT Bank Patriot

==Rujuakan==
{{reflist}}

==Pautan lua==


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  <page>
    <title>Apple Inc.</title>
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      <text bytes="1232" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Apple logo black.svg|thumb|Logo [[parusahoan]] Apple.]]
'''Apple Inc.''' adolah [[parusahoan teknologi]] [[parusahoan multinasional|multinasional]] nan bapusek di [[Cupertino, California]], [[Amerika Sarikat]], nan marancang, mangambangkan, dan manjue barang [[elektronik konsumen]], [[parangkek lunak|parangkek lunak komputer]], dan layanan daring. [[Parangkek kareh komputer|Parangkek kareh]] nan diproduksi Apple maliputi telepon pintar [[iPhone]], komputer tablet [[iPad]], komputer pribadi [[Macintosh|Mac]], pamutar media portabel [[iPod]], jam pintar [[Apple Watch]], pamutar media digital [[Apple TV]], dan pangareh suaro pintar [[HomePod]]. Parangkek lunak nan diproduksi Apple maliputi sistem operasi [[macOS]] dan [[iOS]], pamutar media [[iTunes]], panjalajah web [[Safari (penjelajah web)|Safari]], dan parangkek kreativitas dan produktivitas [[iLife]] dan [[iWork]], saroto babagai aplikasi profesional saparti [[Final Cut Pro]], [[Logic Pro]], dan [[Xcode]]. Layanan daringnyo maliputi [[iTunes Store]], [[App Store (iOS)|iOS App Store]] dan [[Mac App Store]], [[Apple Music]], dan [[iCloud]].

== Rujuakan ==
{{Reflist}}

==Pautan lua==
*{{Commonscat-inline|IOS_(Apple_Inc.)|Apple_Inc.}}

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  <page>
    <title>Minyak baka</title>
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      <text bytes="1610" xml:space="preserve">[[Berkas:Pertamina_filling_station,_Bali,_Indonesia.jpg|jmpl|312px|ka|[[Pertamina|Pom bensin Pertamina]] tampek mamboli bensin.]]
'''Minyak baka''', [[bahaso Inggirih]]: ''Fuel'' (dikana juo sabagai '''minyak tungku''', '''bahan baka''', '''minyak lauik''', atau '''gasoil''') adalah [[Distilasi fraksional|sabagian ketek zat]] [[Energi kimia|energi kimia]] nan didapek dari hasil [[Distilasi|panyulianggan]] [[Zat kimia|zat kimia]] dari [[Minyak bumi|minyak bumi (minyak mantah)]] nan [[Energi|energi]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;nyo dapek diubah manjadi energi baru malalui proses [[pambakaran]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Schobert|first=Harold|url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Chemistry_of_Fossil_Fuels_and_Biofuels/Sgphv2ydAHwC?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;bsq=wood+one+of+the+first+fuels+used+by+humans&amp;pg=PA69|title=Chemistry of Fossil Fuels and Biofuels|date=17 January 2013|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-0521114004|language=en|oclc=1113751780}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iko tamasuak sulingan (pocahan nan labiah ringan) dan [[Residu|residu]] (pocahan nan labiah barek). Salain untuak bahan baka panyalo [[masin]], minyak dapek pulo dipakai sabagai bahan baka [[kompor]] untuak mamasak nan baminyak jinih minyak tanah.

== Rujuakan ==
{{reflist}}

==Pautan lua ==
{{Sister project links |1=Fuel|author=UdaKami|auto=no|b=book:Minyak baka|c=no|collapsible=yes|commonscat=Fuel|d=Q42501|display=Minyak baka|m=no|mw=no|n=Unsua kimia|position=left|q=no|qid=no|s=no|species=no|species_author=no|style=Use with caution. (And don't use for evil!)|v=Minyak baka|voy=no|wikt=Minyak}}
*{{Commons-inline|Fuel|Minyak baka}}

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  <page>
    <title>USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN-71)</title>
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      <text bytes="5716" xml:space="preserve">{|{{Infobox ship begin
|infobox caption=yes
}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=File:200125-N-LH674-1073 USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN-71).jpg
|Ship caption=USS ''Theodore Roosevelt'' sadang transit di kapulauan pasifik pado 25 Januari 2020.
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=United States
|Ship flag={{USN flag}}
|Ship name=''Theodore Roosevelt''
|Ship namesake=
|Ship owner=
|Ship operator=
|Ship registry=
|Ship route=
|Ship ordered=30 September 1980
|Ship awarded=
|Ship builder=Newport News Shipbuilding 
|Ship original cost= $4.5&amp;nbsp;billion (2007 dollars)&lt;ref name=&quot;USS THEODORE ROOSEVELT&amp;nbsp;— HISTORY&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://navysite.de/cvn/cvn71history.htm|title=USS Theodore Roosevelt&amp;nbsp;– History|work=navysite.de|access-date=3 July 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090527073103/http://navysite.de/cvn/cvn71history.htm|archive-date=27 May 2009|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Ship yard number=
|Ship way number=
|Ship laid down=31 October 1981
|Ship launched=27 October 1984
|Ship sponsor=
|Ship christened=
|Ship completed=
|Ship acquired=
|Ship commissioned=25 October 1986
|Ship recommissioned=
|Ship decommissioned=
|Ship maiden voyage=
|Ship in service=
|Ship out of service=
|Ship renamed=
|Ship reclassified=
|Ship refit=
|Ship struck=
|Ship reinstated=
|Ship homeport=[[NAS North Island|San Diego]], [[California]]
|Ship identification= *366984000 (Nomor MMSI)
*Panggilan masuak nahkoda: NNTR
*{{ICS|November}}{{ICS|November}}{{ICS|Tango}}{{ICS|Romeo}}
*Nomor lambuang: CVN-71
|Ship motto=
|Ship nickname=*''TR''
*''Big Stick''
|Ship honors=
|Ship captured=
|Ship fate=
|Ship status=aktif
|Ship notes=
|Ship badge= [[File:CVN-71 insignia.png|155px]]
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship class=''Nimitz-class aircraft carrier'' 
|Ship tonnage=
|Ship displacement={{convert|104600|LT|ST}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The Naval Institute guide to the ships and aircraft of the U.S. fleet |last=Polmar |first=Norman |author-link=Norman Polmar|year=2004 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-59114-685-8 |page=[https://archive.org/details/navalinstitutegu0018polm/page/112 112] |url=https://archive.org/details/navalinstitutegu0018polm |url-access=registration |quote=nimitz class displacement. }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Ship length=*Kasaluruahan: {{convert|1092|ft|m|1}}
* Garih aia: {{convert|1040|ft|m|1}}
|Ship beam=*Overall: {{convert|252|ft|m|1}}
* Garih aia: {{convert|134|ft|m|1}}
|Ship height=
|Ship draft=*Maximum navigational: {{convert|37|ft|m|1}}
* Batas: {{convert|41|ft|m|1}}
|Ship depth=
|Ship hold depth=
|Ship decks=
|Ship deck clearance=
|Ship ramps=
|Ship power=
|Ship propulsion=*2 × Westinghouse A4W reactor nuclear
* 4 × [[turbin uap]] kandali 4 × poros
* 260,000 shp (194 MW)
|Ship speed=
|Ship range=
|Ship endurance=Hanyo tabateh untuak [[makanan]] jo barang
|Ship test depth=
|Ship boats=
|Ship capacity=
|Ship troops=
|Ship complement=*Awak kapa: 3,200
* Awak pasawat: 2,480
|Ship crew=
|Ship time to activate=
|Ship sensors=
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament=*2 × rudal jarak pendek
* 2 × [[RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile]]
* 2 × [[Phalanx CIWS]] (tutuik-pado sistem paraamjatoan) sanjato [[meriam]]
|Ship armor= 63.5 mm Kevlar armor over vitals &lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Aircraft carriers: an illustrated history of their impact |last=Fontenoy |first=Paul E. |year=2006 |publisher=ABC-CLIO Ltd |isbn=978-1-85109-573-5 |page=[https://archive.org/details/aircraftcarriers00font/page/n358 349] |url=https://archive.org/details/aircraftcarriers00font|url-access=limited }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Ship aircraft=
|Ship aircraft facilities=
|Ship notes=
}}
|}
[[Berkas:USS Theodore Roosevelt at sea.jpg|300px|jmpl|USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN-71)]]
'''USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN-71)''' (dikana juo dangan awak kapal sabagai &quot;Big Stick&quot; atau pado angkatan lauik hanyo sabagai TR) adolah [[kapa]] induak kelas Nimitz ka-ampek. Tando panggil radionyo iyolah Rough Rider, namo unit kavaleri relawan Presiden Theodore Roosevelt salamo [[parang|porang]] Spanyol-Amerika.

Iko diluncurkan pado taun 1984, mancoliak aksi partamo salamo ''Operation Desert Storm'' pado taun 1991. Ko go kini talibek pado panyobaran kasaluruah dunia.

==Rujuakan==
{{Reflist}}

==Pautan lua==
*{{Commonscat-inline|USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN-71)}}
* [http://www.roosevelt.navy.mil Official ''Theodore Roosevelt'' web site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709133947/http://www.roosevelt.navy.mil/ |date=2015-07-09 }}
* [http://www.navysite.de/cvn/cvn71.html An unofficial USS ''Theodore Roosevelt'' webpage]
* [http://www.uscarriers.net/cvn71history.htm USS Theodore Roosevelt history at U.S. Carriers]
* [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&amp;hl=en&amp;geocode=&amp;q=&amp;ie=UTF8&amp;t=k&amp;om=0&amp;ll=36.956442,-76.329027&amp;spn=0.003125,0.006416&amp;z=18 USS Theodore Roosevelt on Google Maps]
* [http://www.navy.mil/local/story_archive.asp?id=42 USS ''Theodore Roosevelt'' (CVN-71) Story Archive] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629053051/http://www.navy.mil/local/story_archive.asp?id=42 |date=2011-06-29 }}&amp;nbsp;– U.S. Navy
* [http://www.navy.mil/local/cvn71/ USS ''Theodore Roosevelt'' (CVN-71) News] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620010143/http://www.navy.mil/local/cvn71/ |date=2012-06-20 }}&amp;nbsp;– U.S. Navy
* [http://www.history.navy.mil/research/archives/command-operations-reports/ships/t/theodore-roosevelt-cvn-71-i.html USS ''Theodore Roosevelt'' (CVN-71) command histories] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120023435/http://www.history.navy.mil/research/archives/command-operations-reports/ships/t/theodore-roosevelt-cvn-71-i.html |date=2015-01-20 }}&amp;nbsp;– Naval History &amp; Heritage Command

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  <page>
    <title>Bank Central Asia</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="1536" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox company
| name             = PT Bank Central Asia Tbk.
| logo             = Bank Central Asia.svg
| type             = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as        = {{idx|BBCA}}
| industry         = [[Bank]]
| founder          = 
| foundation       = {{Start date and age|df=yes|21 February 1957}}
| location         = [[Menara BCA|Minaro BCA]], [[Jakarta Pusek]], [[Jakarta]], [[Indonesia]]
| products         = Consumer banking&lt;br /&gt;Corporate banking&lt;br /&gt;Kartu kredit&lt;br /&gt;Investment banking&lt;br /&gt;Pinjaman jangka panjang&lt;br /&gt;Private banking
| key_people       = 
| operating_income = Rp 71.6&amp;nbsp;trillion (2019)
| net_income       = [[Indonesian Rupiah|Rp]] 28,6&amp;nbsp;trillion (2019)
| equity           = Rp 174.1&amp;nbsp;trillion (2019)
| owner            = 
| assets           = Rp 919.0&amp;nbsp;trillion (2019)
| num_employees    = 24,789 (2019)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite report |title=2018 Annual Report |url=https://www.bca.co.id/~/media/Files/gcg/2019/20190313-C-Corporate-Profile |publisher=PT Bank Central Asia Tbk |page=40 |access-date=2 November 2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| subsid           = {{Plainlist|
* BCA Finance
* Bank BCA Syariah
* BCA Securities
* Asuransi Jiwa BCA
* Asuransi Umum BCA
* Bank Digital BCA
* BCA Finance Limited
* BCA Remittance Ltd.
}}
| homepage         = {{url|www.bca.co.id}}
}}
'''PT Bank Central Asia Tbk''', umumnyo dikana sabagai '''Bank Central Asia''' ('''BCA''') adolah [[bank]] swasta [[Indonesia]] nan dibuek pado 21 Februari 1957. Iko dianggap sabagai bank  tabosegh di Indonesia.


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  <page>
    <title>Panjarahan Amorion</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="1622" xml:space="preserve">'''Panjarahan Amorion''' (disabuik Ammuriyah di sumber Muslim) nan dilakuan dek [[Bani abbasiyah|Kekhalifahan Abbasiyah]] pado patangahan Agustus 838 marupoan salah ciek kajadian tapantiang dalam sijarah Paparangan antaro [[Arab-Bizantium]]. Pasukan Abbasiyah dipimpin sacaro langsuang dek Khalifah [[Al-Mu'tashim]] (mamarintah 833–842) nan batujuan mambaleh panyarangan nan alah dilakuan dek [[Kaisar Bizantium Teofilos]] (mamarintah 829–842) tahadok wilayah pabatehan kekhalifahan satahun sabalumnyo. Khalifah [[al-Mu'tashim]] manyarang Amorion, Kota di [[Anatolia]] bagian barek, karano tampek tasabuik iolah tampek kalahiran dinasti pamarentahan Bizantium jo salah ciek kota tagadang jo tapantiang di [[Bizantium]] katiko maso tuh. Sang Khalifah samparono mangumpuan pasukan dalam jumlah nan gadang, kudian inyo bagi duo. Kaduo pasukan iko manyarang dari timua lauik jo salatan. Pasukan timua lauik samparono mangalahan pasukan Bizantium nan dipimpin dek Teofilos di [[/|Anzen]], hasilnyo pasukan Abbasiyah dapek masuak padalaman Asia ketek jo bakumpua di Ankira, nan ditamuan dalam keadaan ditingaan. Sasudah manjarah kota tasabuik, inyo pai ka salatan. Pasukan timua lauik samparono mangalahan pasukan Bizantium nan dipimpin dek Teofilos di Anzen, dek bakitu pasukan Abbasiyah dapek masuak padalaman Asia Ketek dan bakumpua di [[Ankira]], nan nampak alah ditingaan. Sasudah manjarah kota tasabuik, inyo pai ka arah salatan manuju Amorion. Tibolah dikota tasabuik 1 Agustus. Teofilos indak dapek mangiriman bala bantuan ka Amorion akibek pasakongkolan di Konstantinopel jo pambarontakan kontingen [[Khurramiyah]].</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kaisar Japang</title>
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      <text bytes="1571" xml:space="preserve">'''Kaisar Japang''' ([[abjad Kanji|Kanji]]: 天皇; [[Romaji]]: ''Tennō'') adolah pamimpin kaluargo kakaisaran dan [[kapalo nagara|kapalo]] seremonial nagara dari sistem [[monarki konstitusional]] Jopang. Badasarkan [[Konstitusi Japang|konstitusi taun 1947]], kaisar iyolah &quot;lambang Nagara dan kasatuan bangsa&quot;. Manuruik sajarah, kaisar marupoan pamogang kawanangan tatenggi agamo [[Shinto]] basobok inyo dan kaluargonyo dipandang sabagai katurunan dari dewi matoari [[Amaterasu]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www2u.biglobe.ne.jp/%257egln/77/7750/775004.htm 役員、総代としての基礎知識 全国神社総代会編集発行「改訂神社役員、総代必携」]{{jp icon}}&lt;/ref&gt; maupun [[Kaisar Uda|nan babini]] ka [[Anak Daro|anak daro]] [[padusi|batino]] opak ò kaisar Jopang kudian ditarimo jo masyakaik [[Japang|Jopang]], dan kapantingannyo juo manangani urusan kaàgamoan, tamasuak ritual Shinto dan ritual saluruah bangsa.

[[Kaisar Uda]] sandiri marupoan jawaban [[doa]] dek [[urang Japang|urang Jopang]] nan katiko itu kasulitan ba[[parang|porang]] jo anak rajo [[cino]]. Nan dikana dek urang Jopang sabagai urang Tang nan jaek basobok tega mangirim cucu dari kaisar Jopang ka medan [[parang|porang]]. Salain tu, nan manariak dari Kaisar Uda sabagai Kaisar Jopang iyolah katiko mangkat gala Kaisar tatok malokek ka [[Kaisar Uda]] babedo dangan Kaisar Jopang nan lain nan batangegh/dicopot gala Kaisar-nyo katiko mangkat (maningga) bararti urang asiang ({{lang|ja|外人さん}}, Gaijin-san) alah bagala Kaisar di nagari lain nan manjadi Kaisar Jopang.

{{japang-stub}}</text>
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      <text bytes="1596" xml:space="preserve">'''Kaisar Japang''' ([[abjad Kanji|Kanji]]: 天皇; [[Romaji]]: ''Tennō'') adolah pamimpin kaluargo kakaisaran dan [[kapalo nagara|kapalo]] seremonial nagara dari sistem [[monarki konstitusional]] Jopang. Badasarkan [[Konstitusi Japang|konstitusi taun 1947]], kaisar iyolah &quot;lambang Nagara dan kasatuan bangsa&quot;. Manuruik sajarah, kaisar marupoan pamogang kawanangan tatenggi agamo [[Shinto]] basobok inyo dan kaluargonyo dipandang sabagai katurunan dari dewi matoari [[Amaterasu]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www2u.biglobe.ne.jp/%257egln/77/7750/775004.htm 役員、総代としての基礎知識 全国神社総代会編集発行「改訂神社役員、総代必携」]{{jp icon}}&lt;/ref&gt; maupun [[Kaisar Uda|nan babini]] ka [[Anak Daro|anak daro]] [[padusi|batino]] opak ò kaisar Jopang kudian ditarimo jo masyakaik [[Japang|Jopang]], dan kapantingannyo juo manangani urusan kaàgamoan, tamasuak ritual Shinto dan ritual saluruah bangsa.

[[Kaisar Uda]] sandiri marupoan jawaban [[doa]] dek [[urang Japang|urang Jopang]] nan katiko itu kasulitan ba[[parang|porang]] jo anak rajo [[cino]]. Nan dikana dek urang Jopang sabagai urang Tang nan jaek basobok tega mangirim cucu dari kaisar Jopang ka medan [[parang|porang]]. Salain tu, nan manariak dari Kaisar Uda sabagai Kaisar Jopang iyolah katiko mangkat gala Kaisar tatok malokek ka [[Kaisar Uda]] babedo dangan Kaisar Jopang nan lain nan batangegh/dicopot gala Kaisar-nyo katiko mangkat (maningga) bararti urang asiang ({{lang|ja|外人さん}}, Gaijin-san) alah bagala Kaisar di nagari lain nan manjadi Kaisar Jopang.

{{japang-stub}}


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  <page>
    <title>Takhta Serunai</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="3065" xml:space="preserve">[[Berkas:Taisho enthronement.jpg|jmpl|Tahta ''Takamikura'' di Istano Kakaisaran Kyoto]]
{{Nihongo|'''Takhta Serunai'''|皇位|kōi|&quot;kursi Kakaisaran&quot;}} adolah istilah nan paguno untuak marujuak singgasano dari [[Kaisar Japang|Kaisar Jopang]].&lt;ref&gt;Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). ''The Imperial House of Japan,'' p. 337.&lt;/ref&gt; Panggunaan istilah &quot;Takhta Serunai&quot; dapek juo paguno untuak marujuak kepalo nagara dan Kakaisaran Jopang itu sandiri. [[Serunai (bungo)|Bungo Seruni]] (菊花, ''kikuka'' dalam [[bahaso Japang|bahaso Jopang]]), tapapar dalam tando kapangkekan nan paguno dek [[Kaisar Japang|Kaisar Jopang]].

Kakaisaran Jopang marupoan monarki tatuo di dunia. Menuruik buku sijarah Jopang, ''[[Nihon Shoki|Nihonshoki]]'', Kakaisaran Jopang didirian dek [[Jimmu|Kaisar Jinmu]] pado [[660 SM]] dan kaisar nan takini, [[Akihito]], adolah kaisar nan ka-125. Iko badasarkan catatan nan tatulih sojak maso pamarentahan Kaisar Ojin pado awal abaik ka-5. Dek biktu dalapan urang [[Maharani|Maharani (kaisar batino)]] parnah mamarentah Jopang pado suatu maso, iko indak mungkin lai tajadi pado maso kini akibaik undang-undang nan dibuek dek [[Badan Rumah Tangga Kekaisaran]] dan Badan Panasehaik Rajo pado partongahan abaik ka-19. Kaisar Jopang (天皇, ''tennō'', &quot;panguaso surgawi&quot;) batindak sabagai pandeta tatinggi pado agamo [[Shinto]], dek biktu kuasonyo talah dikurangkan dek konstitusi satalah [[Parang Dunia II]].

Manuruik konstitusi Jopang, sang Kaisar marupoan simbol kasatuan nagara dan rakyaik. Inyo indak punyo kuaso politik nan saboneghnyo dan dianggap sabagai kapalo nagara seremonial dan surang [[Kerajaan konstitusional|monarki konstitusional]].
 
Pamarentah Jopang kini ko tangah manyusun rancangan undang-undang guno marevisi Undang-Undang Rumah Tanggo Kakaisaran nan tarutamo bamaksuik untuak mamungkinkan pangangkatan batino manjadi Maharani (kaisar batino), kudian kaisar juo dari garih katurunan batino. Rancangan undang-undang tasabuik ditargetkan akan disorahkan pado badan legislatif/Diet bulan Maret 2006.

Badan konsultatif nan dibantuak Perdana Mantari [[Junichirō Koizumi|Koizumi]] guno mambahas revisi iko November 2005 mangajukan laporan pangajuan barupo Konferensi Pakar Mengenai Undang-Undang Rumah Tanggo Kakaisaran, dikatuai dek Hiroyuki Yoshikawa, mantan Rektor Universitas Tokyo. Konferensi ini membahas hal-hal manganai namo sabutan untuak jantan nan masuak ka dalam kaluargo kaisar dangan jalan manjadi suami dari Maharani. Tobik babarapo usulan untuak manotapkan gala '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''kouhai''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'（皇配) atau '''kousei''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' (皇婿) ka suami Maharani.

Poin-poin pantiang pado laporan akhia tu, iyolah:
# Gala kaisar (天皇, ''tennō'') dan putra mahkota (皇太子, ''kōtaishi'') dapek dipargunoan untuak batino.
# Suami Maharani manyandang sapaan rasmi 'Bagindo' (陛下, ''heika'') samo ajak sapaan rasmi untuak kaisar/Maharani dan parmaisuri, sadangkan keluargo kaisar lain manyandang sapaan rasmi 'Paduka' (殿下, ''denka''),
# dan poin-poin lainnyo.

==Rujuakan==
{{Reflist}}


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    <revision>
      <id>2444458</id>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3065" xml:space="preserve">[[Berkas:Taisho enthronement.jpg|jmpl|Tahta ''Takamikura'' di Istano Kakaisaran Kyoto]]
{{Nihongo|'''Takhta Serunai'''|皇位|kōi|&quot;kursi Kakaisaran&quot;}} adolah istilah nan paguno untuak marujuak singgasano dari [[Kaisar Japang|Kaisar Jopang]].&lt;ref&gt;Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). ''The Imperial House of Japan,'' p. 337.&lt;/ref&gt; Panggunaan istilah &quot;Takhta Serunai&quot; dapek juo paguno untuak marujuak kepalo nagara dan Kakaisaran Jopang itu sandiri. [[Serunai (bungo)|Bungo Seruni]] (菊花, ''kikuka'' dalam [[bahaso Japang|bahaso Jopang]]), tapapar dalam tando kapangkekan nan paguno dek [[Kaisar Japang|Kaisar Jopang]].

Kakaisaran Jopang marupoan monarki tatuo di dunia. Menuruik buku sijarah Jopang, ''[[Nihon Shoki|Nihonshoki]]'', Kakaisaran Jopang didirian dek [[Jimmu|Kaisar Jinmu]] pado [[660 SM]] dan kaisar nan takini, [[Akihito]], adolah kaisar nan ka-125. Iko badasarkan catatan nan tatulih sojak maso pamarentahan Kaisar Ojin pado awal abaik ka-5. Dek biktu dalapan urang [[Maharani|Maharani (kaisar batino)]] parnah mamarentah Jopang pado suatu maso, iko indak mungkin lai tajadi pado maso kini akibaik undang-undang nan dibuek dek [[Badan Rumah Tanggo Kakaisaran]] dan Badan Panasehaik Rajo pado partongahan abaik ka-19. Kaisar Jopang (天皇, ''tennō'', &quot;panguaso surgawi&quot;) batindak sabagai pandeta tatinggi pado agamo [[Shinto]], dek biktu kuasonyo talah dikurangkan dek konstitusi satalah [[Parang Dunia II]].

Manuruik konstitusi Jopang, sang Kaisar marupoan simbol kasatuan nagara dan rakyaik. Inyo indak punyo kuaso politik nan saboneghnyo dan dianggap sabagai kapalo nagara seremonial dan surang [[Kerajaan konstitusional|monarki konstitusional]].
 
Pamarentah Jopang kini ko tangah manyusun rancangan undang-undang guno marevisi Undang-Undang Rumah Tanggo Kakaisaran nan tarutamo bamaksuik untuak mamungkinkan pangangkatan batino manjadi Maharani (kaisar batino), kudian kaisar juo dari garih katurunan batino. Rancangan undang-undang tasabuik ditargetkan akan disorahkan pado badan legislatif/Diet bulan Maret 2006.

Badan konsultatif nan dibantuak Perdana Mantari [[Junichirō Koizumi|Koizumi]] guno mambahas revisi iko November 2005 mangajukan laporan pangajuan barupo Konferensi Pakar Mengenai Undang-Undang Rumah Tanggo Kakaisaran, dikatuai dek Hiroyuki Yoshikawa, mantan Rektor Universitas Tokyo. Konferensi ini membahas hal-hal manganai namo sabutan untuak jantan nan masuak ka dalam kaluargo kaisar dangan jalan manjadi suami dari Maharani. Tobik babarapo usulan untuak manotapkan gala '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''kouhai''&lt;nowiki/&gt;'（皇配) atau '''kousei''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' (皇婿) ka suami Maharani.

Poin-poin pantiang pado laporan akhia tu, iyolah:
# Gala kaisar (天皇, ''tennō'') dan putra mahkota (皇太子, ''kōtaishi'') dapek dipargunoan untuak batino.
# Suami Maharani manyandang sapaan rasmi 'Bagindo' (陛下, ''heika'') samo ajak sapaan rasmi untuak kaisar/Maharani dan parmaisuri, sadangkan keluargo kaisar lain manyandang sapaan rasmi 'Paduka' (殿下, ''denka''),
# dan poin-poin lainnyo.

==Rujuakan==
{{Reflist}}


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  <page>
    <title>Sampo</title>
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      <comment>←Mambuek laman baisi &quot;{{Infobox tool | name           = Shampo | image          = Shampoo.jpg | image size     = 300 | caption        = Botol sampo jo calir nan dibuek pado awal abad ka 20 dek C.L. Hamilton Co. asal [[Washington, D.C.]] | alt            =  | title          =  | other_name     =  | classification = Parangkek parawatan [[badan manusia|pribadi]] | types          =  | used_with      =  | inventor       =  | manufacturer   =  | model          =  | related        = [[sabun]],...&quot;</comment>
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| name           = Shampo
| image          = Shampoo.jpg
| image size     = 300
| caption        = Botol sampo jo calir nan dibuek pado awal abad ka 20 dek C.L. Hamilton Co. asal [[Washington, D.C.]]
| alt            = 
| title          = 
| other_name     = 
| classification = Parangkek parawatan [[badan manusia|pribadi]]
| types          = 
| used_with      = 
| inventor       = 
| manufacturer   = 
| model          = 
| related        = [[sabun]], [[pasta gigi]], [[sikek gigi]] 
}}
[[Berkas:Shampoo.jpg|jmpl|ka|250px|Botol sampo jo calir nan dibuek pado awal abad ka 20 dek C.L. Hamilton Co. asal [[Washington, D.C.]]]]

'''Sampo''' adolah sajinih cairan, ajak [[sabun]], nan bafungsi untuak maningkatkan togangan parmukoan kulik (umumnyo kulik kapalo) sahinggo dapek maluruhkan kotoran (mambarosiahan).&lt;ref name=&quot;sehat&quot;&gt;Nadesul, Handrawan dr. Ayo Menjadi Sehat. Penerbit PT Jayakarta Agung Offset, Jakarta. 1991.&lt;/ref&gt; Kagiatan mambarosiahan kulik kapalo dan rambuik iko disabuik [[keramas]].&lt;ref name=&quot;sehat&quot;/&gt; Katiko keramas, surang dianggap malakukan parawatan dangan mancuci rambuik dan kulik kapalo supayo barosiah dari minyak, debu, serpihan kulik, dan kotoran lain nan manempel dirambuik sairing aktivitas nan dilakuannyo.

Sampo pado umumnyo digunoan dangan mancampuanyo dangan [[aia]] saketek dangan tujuan untuak malaruikan minyak alami nan dikaluarkan dek badan untuak malindungi rambuil dan mambarosiahan kotoran nan malokek.&lt;ref name=&quot;perawatan rambut&quot;&gt; Dalimartha, Setiawan dkk. (1998). Perawatan Rambut Dengan Tumbuhan Obat dan Diet Suplemen. Gramedia. Jakarta&lt;/ref&gt; Dek biktu indak sadonyo sampo barupo cairan atau digunoan dangan campuran aia, ado juo sampo kariang barupo serbuk nan indak manggunoan aia.&lt;ref name=&quot;perawatan rambut&quot;/&gt; Sampo kariang iko salain paguno dek manusia, labiah umum digunoan untuak binatang peliharaan ajak kuciang nan indak suko basantuhan dangan aia ataupun [[gacik]].&lt;ref name=&quot;kosmetik&quot;&gt;{{en}} [http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&amp;q=cache:gin1k7ATig8J:118.98.201.43/ebook/BSE/BSB%2520TIK%2520%28Los%2520Finale%29/Pertanian_BisPar_Adaptif/B/Tata%2520Kecantikan%2520Rambut/Bahan%2520Ajar%2520BBasis%2520IT-%2520Jkt,09/d.4.%2520Cosmetic%2520-%25204.ppt+dry+powder+shampoo&amp;hl=en&amp;gl=id&amp;pid=bl&amp;srcid=ADGEESh6yVJuErtwmYBPrVewKeWylzGCCU3QxEcY77XmOrDmHcIYBWTuC2pDEYXj5L59c4yv16wSzMrzn04D5mlp278R6o2LYtR2OD5g13xeazhzRmbZYeGFUJv1dBibaCZxMQtKQhO3&amp;sig=AHIEtbRoquJLly4VoEUVYd6Fd9cRnmSWRA Modern cosmetic]&lt;/ref&gt;

==Carito==
{{sadang karajo}}

==Rujuakan==
{{Reflist}}

==Pautan lua==
*{{commons category inline|Shampoo|sampo}}</text>
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| name           = Shampo
| image          = Shampoo.jpg
| image size     = 300
| caption        = Botol sampo jo calir nan dibuek pado awal abad ka 20 dek C.L. Hamilton Co. asal [[Washington, D.C.]]
| alt            = 
| title          = 
| other_name     = 
| classification = Parangkek parawatan [[badan manusia|pribadi]]
| types          = 
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| inventor       = 
| manufacturer   = 
| model          = 
| related        = [[sabun]], [[pasta gigi]], [[sikek gigi]] 
}}
[[Berkas:Shampoos_Hotel_Termas.jpg|jmpl|ka|250px|Sampo di Hotel.]]

'''Sampo''' adolah sajinih cairan, ajak [[sabun]], nan bafungsi untuak maningkatkan togangan parmukoan kulik (umumnyo kulik kapalo) sahinggo dapek maluruhkan kotoran (mambarosiahan).&lt;ref name=&quot;sehat&quot;&gt;Nadesul, Handrawan dr. Ayo Menjadi Sehat. Penerbit PT Jayakarta Agung Offset, Jakarta. 1991.&lt;/ref&gt; Kagiatan mambarosiahan kulik kapalo dan rambuik iko disabuik [[keramas]].&lt;ref name=&quot;sehat&quot;/&gt; Katiko keramas, surang dianggap malakukan parawatan dangan mancuci rambuik dan kulik kapalo supayo barosiah dari minyak, debu, serpihan kulik, dan kotoran lain nan manempel dirambuik sairing aktivitas nan dilakuannyo.

Sampo pado umumnyo digunoan dangan mancampuanyo dangan [[aia]] saketek dangan tujuan untuak malaruikan minyak alami nan dikaluarkan dek badan untuak malindungi rambuil dan mambarosiahan kotoran nan malokek.&lt;ref name=&quot;perawatan rambut&quot;&gt; Dalimartha, Setiawan dkk. (1998). Perawatan Rambut Dengan Tumbuhan Obat dan Diet Suplemen. Gramedia. Jakarta&lt;/ref&gt; Dek biktu indak sadonyo sampo barupo cairan atau digunoan dangan campuran aia, ado juo sampo kariang barupo serbuk nan indak manggunoan aia.&lt;ref name=&quot;perawatan rambut&quot;/&gt; Sampo kariang iko salain paguno dek manusia, labiah umum digunoan untuak binatang peliharaan ajak kuciang nan indak suko basantuhan dangan aia ataupun [[gacik]].&lt;ref name=&quot;kosmetik&quot;&gt;{{en}} [http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&amp;q=cache:gin1k7ATig8J:118.98.201.43/ebook/BSE/BSB%2520TIK%2520%28Los%2520Finale%29/Pertanian_BisPar_Adaptif/B/Tata%2520Kecantikan%2520Rambut/Bahan%2520Ajar%2520BBasis%2520IT-%2520Jkt,09/d.4.%2520Cosmetic%2520-%25204.ppt+dry+powder+shampoo&amp;hl=en&amp;gl=id&amp;pid=bl&amp;srcid=ADGEESh6yVJuErtwmYBPrVewKeWylzGCCU3QxEcY77XmOrDmHcIYBWTuC2pDEYXj5L59c4yv16wSzMrzn04D5mlp278R6o2LYtR2OD5g13xeazhzRmbZYeGFUJv1dBibaCZxMQtKQhO3&amp;sig=AHIEtbRoquJLly4VoEUVYd6Fd9cRnmSWRA Modern cosmetic]&lt;/ref&gt;

==Carito==
{{sadang karajo}}

==Rujuakan==
{{Reflist}}

==Pautan lua==
*{{commons category inline|Shampoo|sampo}}</text>
      <sha1>l36j1hntznmpq41nb1shzael0kknisi</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Stevia (gulo)</title>
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      <comment>←Mambuek laman baisi &quot;{{Infobox food | name             = Stevia (gulo) | image            =  [[Berkas:Stevia_Tabs.jpg]] | caption          =  | alternate_name = | country          =  | region           =  | course           = [[Pangganti gulo|pangganti gulo]] | type             = [[gulo]] | served           =  | main_ingredient  =  | variations       =  | calories         = | other            = [[Berkas:Commons-logo.svg|al=|class=noviewer|16x16px]] c:Special:Search/Category:Stevia sug...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="1878" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox food
| name             = Stevia (gulo)
| image            =  [[Berkas:Stevia_Tabs.jpg]]
| caption          = 
| alternate_name =
| country          = 
| region           = 
| course           = [[Pangganti gulo|pangganti gulo]]
| type             = [[gulo]]
| served           = 
| main_ingredient  = 
| variations       = 
| calories         =
| other            =
[[Berkas:Commons-logo.svg|al=|class=noviewer|16x16px]] [[c:Special:Search/Category:Stevia sugar|Media: gulo stevia]]
}}
[[Berkas:Stevia Tablets.jpg|thumb|alt=Stevia dalam bantuak tablet|Stevia dalam bantuak tablet]]
'''Stevia''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|t|iː|v|i|ə|,_|ˈ|s|t|ɛ|v|i|ə}})&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/stevia |title=Stevia |series=British &amp; World English |website=Oxforddictionaries.com |date=7 February 2013 |access-date=13 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130212042301/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/stevia |archive-date=12 February 2013 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/american_english/stevia |title=Stevia |series=US English |website=Oxforddictionaries.com |date=7 February 2013 |access-date=13 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509020123/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/american_english/stevia |archive-date=9 May 2013 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; adolah pamanih alami dan [[Pangganti gulo|pangganti]] [[gulo]] nan baãsa dari daun [[tumbuahan]] jinih ''[[Stevia rebaudiana|stevia rebaudiana]]''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-01-19|title=Is Stevia A Good Sugar Substitute?|url=https://docjournals.com/is-stevia-a-good-sugar-substitute/|access-date=2021-01-27|website=Doc Journals|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Carito==
{{sadang karajo}}

==Rujuakan==
{{Reflist}}

==Pautan lua==
*{{commons category inline|Stevia sugar|stevia gulo}}</text>
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  </page>
</mediawiki>