Wikipedia minwiki https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laman_Utamo MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.15 first-letter Media Istimewa Rundiang Pangguno Rundiang Pangguno Wikipedia Rundiang Wikipedia Berkas Rundiang Berkas MediaWiki Rundiang MediaWiki Templat Rundiang Templat Bantuan Rundiang Bantuan Kategori Rundiang Kategori Portal Diskusi Portal TimedText TimedText talk Modul Rundiang Modul Acara Pembicaraan Acara Haji 0 297 3351893 3351452 2026-08-14T02:35:12Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3351893 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Islam}} [[File:The Kaaba during Hajj - edited.jpg|thumb|Umaik Islam sadang tawaf salamo ibadah Haji.]] '''Haji''' ({{lang-ar|حج}} nan dibaco ''Hajj'') adolah ziarah tahunan umaik [[Islam]] ka [[Makah|Makkah]], [[Arab Saudi]], [[Tampek suci dalam Islam|kota tasuci]] bagi [[Muslim]]. Haji marupokan kawajiban agamo nan fardu bagi Muslim nan mampu baiak sacaro fisik maupun finansial, jo mampu mahidupi kaluarga nan ditinggaan, sarato harus dilakuan saindaknyo sakali saumua hiduik dek kasadoan Muslim dewasa.<ref name=Marshall86>{{cite book |last=Long |first=Matthew |title=Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA86 |access-date=2 September 2014 |year=2011 |location=Tarrytown, N.Y.|publisher=Marshall Cavendish Corporation |isbn=978-0-7614-7926-0 |page=86 |archive-date=16 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016024055/https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA86 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Nigosian |first=S. A. |title=Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo |url-access=registration |year=2004 |publisher=Indiana University Press |location=Bloomington, Indiana |isbn=0-253-21627-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo/page/110 110]}}</ref><ref>[http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/traditions/islam Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs - Islam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002114437/http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/traditions/islam |date=2 October 2011 }} See drop-down essay on "Islamic Practices"</ref> Dalam terminologi Islam, Haji adolah ziarah ka [[Ka'bah|Ka’bah]] (Rumah Allah) di kota suci Makkah, Arab Saudi. Iko adolah salah satu [[rukun Islam]], basamo jo [[Syahadaik]],<ref>{{cite web | url=https://quran.com/6/19 | title=Surah Al-An'am - 19 }}</ref> [[sumbayang]], [[zakaik]], dan [[Puaso Ramadan|puaso]] di bulan [[Ramadan|Ramadhan]]. Haji dilakuan sakali satahun di mano pasaudaraan Muslim ditunjuakan jo solidaritas urang-urang tu jo sasamo Muslim sarato panyarahan diri kapado [[Allah]] sapanuahnyo.<ref name=Nigosian111/><ref>{{cite book |last=Hooker |first=M. B. |title=Indonesian Syariah: Defining a National School of Islamic Law |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-a1k57q6GmwC&pg=PT252 |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2008 |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |isbn=978-981-230-802-3 |page=228 |archive-date=17 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017181447/https://books.google.com/books?id=-a1k57q6GmwC&pg=PT252 |url-status=live }}</ref> Haji dijalanan untuak mambarasiahan jiwa dari doso duniawi, nan bararti baiak tindakan lahiriah pajalanan sasudah kamatian maupun tindakan batiniah niaik baiak.<ref name=Adelowo395>{{cite book |editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA395 |year=2014 |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |location=Ibadan |isbn=978-978-081-447-2 |page=395 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=28 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151128170823/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA395 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ibadah Islam ko dilakuan salamo limo hinggo anam hari, mulai tanggal 8 hinggo 12 atau 13 [[Dzulhijjah]],<ref>{{citation |url=http://www.hajjpracticalities.heliohost.org/sixdayshajj/13th_of_zil_hajj.html |title=13th of Zil Hajj |publisher=heliohost.org |access-date=29 March 2015 |archive-date=28 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028105128/http://www.hajjpracticalities.heliohost.org/sixdayshajj/13th_of_zil_hajj.html |url-status=live }}</ref> bulan tarakhia kalender Islam.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hajj The Holy Pilgrimage|url=https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/hajj-holy-pilgrimage|website=Salamislam|date=3 January 2021|access-date=31 May 2022|archive-date=31 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531214408/https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/hajj-holy-pilgrimage|url-status=live}}</ref> Karano kalender [[Kalender Hijriah|Hijriah]] babasis pado [[bulan]] jo tahun Islam labiah pendek dari pado tahun [[Kalender Gregorius|Gregorian]], tanggal haji manuruik kalender Gregorian baubah-ubah tiok tahunnyo. Pado tahun 2026, bulan Dzulhijjah akan balansuang dari 18 Mei hinggo 15 Juni. Ibadah Haji ko indak dapek digantian dek [[Umroh]] nan bisa dilakuan sapanjang tahun.<ref>{{cite book |editor=Matt Stefon |title=Islamic Beliefs and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef |url-access=registration |publisher=[[Britannica Educational Publishing]] |year=2010 |location=New York City |isbn=978-1-61530-060-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamicbeliefspr0000stef/page/73 73]}}</ref> Haji bakaikan jo kahidupan nabi Islam [[Muhammad]] dari abaik ka-7 M, tapi ritual ziarah ka Makkah nan disabuikan dalam sumber-sumber Muslim alah ado sajak maso [[Ibrahim]]. Jama'ah mangarajoan sarangkaian ritual takah mamakai kain [[ihram]], tawaf mangaliliangi Ka’bah, sa’i antaro [[Safa jo Marwa]], wukuf di [[Gunuang Arafah|Arafah]], bamalam di [[Muzdalifah]], sarato [[mambae jumrah]], nan diakhiai jo [[Kurban (Islam)|kurban]] dan [[Iduladha]].<ref name="armstrong">{{cite book |title=Islam: A Short History |url=https://archive.org/details/bwb_P8-AKY-163 |author=Karen Armstrong |series=Modern Library Chronicles |publisher=Modern Library |edition=Revised Updated |year=2002 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/bwb_P8-AKY-163/page/10 10]–12 |isbn=0-8129-6618-X}}</ref><ref name="bbc.co.uk">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/holydays/eiduladha.shtml |title=Eid ul Adha |date=7 September 2009 |publisher=BBC |access-date=30 December 2012 |archive-date=4 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191004075944/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/holydays/eiduladha.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Sahih Bukhari-hadith No-732-733</ref> Rato-rato jumlah jama'ah haji pado tahun 2000–2019 sakitar 2,27 juta urang per tahun,<ref name="stats1">{{cite web|year=2017|title=Haj Statistics|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620024237/https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|archive-date=20 June 2018|website=General Authority for Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia}}</ref><ref name="RESA1997" /><ref name=":5">{{cite web |title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for Hajj |publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia |date=6 December 2008 |url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx |access-date=30 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612115203/http://saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx |archive-date=12 June 2010 }}</ref> jo puncaknyo pado tahun 2012 sabanyak 3,16 juta.<ref name=":6">{{cite web |title=3,161,573 pilgrims perform Hajj this year |publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia |date=27 October 2012 |url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx |access-date=12 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130426005515/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx |archive-date=26 April 2013 }}</ref> Pado tahun 2022 jo 2021, jumlah jama'ah dibatehi akibaik [[pandemi Covid-19]], tamasuak pambatehan hanyo untuak panduduak Arab Saudi jo kalunggan aturan bagi padusi tanpa [[mahram]] dalam kondisi tatantu.<ref name="New York Times">{{Cite news|date=22 June 2020|title=Saudi Arabia will sharply limit Hajj Pilgrimage|department=Live Global Coronavirus News |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/22/world/coronavirus-updates.html|url-status=usurped|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622210854/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/22/world/coronavirus-updates.html|archive-date=22 June 2020|access-date=2020-06-15|work=[[The New York Times]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=AFP|title=In Mecca, Women Take Part in Hajj as 'Guardian' Rule Dropped|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/middle-east_mecca-women-take-part-hajj-guardian-rule-dropped/6208472.html|publisher=[[VOA]]|date=2021-07-20|access-date=2021-07-20|archive-date=20 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210720180212/https://www.voanews.com/middle-east/mecca-women-take-part-hajj-guardian-rule-dropped|url-status=live}}</ref> == Sijarah == Tatocaro ibadah haji kini ko ditetapan dek Muhammad.<ref name=EB>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252050/hajj |title=Hajj |year=2014 |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=12 August 2014 |archive-date=24 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140924041951/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/252050/hajj |url-status=live }}</ref> Namun, manuruik [[Al-Qur'an]], unsua-unsua ibadah haji dapek ditalusua baliak ka zaman Ibrahim. Manuruik tradisi Islam, Ibrahim diparintah dek Allah untuak maninggaan urang rumahnyo [[Siti Hajar|Hajar]] jo anaknyo [[Ismail]] di tangah padang gurun Makkah kuno. Dalam mancari aia, Hajar jo putuih aso balari tujuah kali di antaro duo bukik [[Safa jo Marwa]] tapi indak manyobokannyo. Baliak jo putuih aso ka Ismail, inyo mamcaliak bayi tu manggaruak tanah jo kakinyo nan kamudian sabuah mato aia mamanca dari tanah garuakan tu.<ref>{{cite book |last=Haykal |first=Muhammad Husayn |author-link=Muhammad Ali Selami Husayn Haykal |title=The Life of Muhammad |publisher=The Other Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=29 |year=1994 |page=29 |isbn=978-983-9154-17-7 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127211636/https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=29 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kamudian, Ibrahim diparintahan untuak mambangun Ka'bah (nan baliau lakuan jo bantuan Ismail) jo maajak urang-urang untuak malakuan ibadah haji di sinan.<ref name="Peters4-7">{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA4 |year=1994 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |location=[[New Jersey]] |isbn=0-691-02120-1 |pages=4–7 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=23 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123000954/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA4 |url-status=live }}</ref> Al-Qur'an marujuak pado paristiwa-paristiwa ko dalam ayaik {{cite quran|2|124–127 |s=ns |b=n}} jo {{cite quran|22|27–30 |s=ns |b=n}} Manuruik tafsir Zamakhshari (maningga 1144 M), malaikaik [[Jibril]] mambaok [[Hajar Aswad|Batu Hitam]] dari [[Sarugo]] untuak dipasangan di Ka'bah katiko dibangun dek Ibrahim.<ref>F.E. Peters (1994), <u>The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage To Mecca and The Holy Places</u>, Princeton University Press, p.6</ref> Katiko zaman pra-Islam, nan dikenal sabagai [[Zaman Jahiliyah]], Ka'bah dikaliliangi dek bahalo-bahalo pagan.<ref>{{cite book |last=Al Mubarakpuri |first=Safi ur Rahman |chapter=Religions of the Arabs |title=The Sealed Nectar: Biography of the Noble Prophet |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA45 |year=2002 |publisher=Darussalam |isbn=9960-899-55-1 |page=45 |title-link=Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=2 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102024455/https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA45 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pado tahun 630 M, Muhammad mamimpin pangikuiknyo dari [[Madinah]] ka Makkah, mambarasiahan Ka'bah jo mahancuan kasadoan bahalo tu, jo kamudian manyatoan bangunan tu sabagai Rumah Allah.<ref name=Haykal439>{{cite book |last=Husayn Haykal |first=Muhammad |author-link=Muhammad Husayn Haykal |title=The Life of Muhammad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=PA439 |year=2008 |publisher=Islamic Book Trust |location=[[Selangor]] |isbn=978-983-9154-17-7 |pages=439–40 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127211639/https://books.google.com/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&pg=PA439 |url-status=live }}</ref> Pado tahun 632 M (9 Dzulhijah 10 H = 9 Maret 632 M, hari Jumaik), Muhammad malakuan ibadah haji patamo jo tarakhirnyo jo sajumlah gadang pangikuik, sarato manunjuakan urang-urang tu tantang tatocaro haji.<ref name="Campo494">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Muhammad|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA494|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=494|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=30 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930121515/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&lpg=PP1&dq=isbn%3A1438126964&pg=PA494|url-status=live}}</ref> Sajak itu, haji manjadi salah ciek dari limo rukun Islam. Pado maso patangahan, para paziarah akan bakumpua di kota-kota gadang Suriah, Mesir, jo Irak untuak pai ka Makkah dalam kalompok jo kafilah nan tadiri dari puluahan ribu paziarah,<ref>{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |publisher=Princeton University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA164 |year=1994 |page=164 |isbn=978-0-691-02619-0 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=22 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122153140/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA164 |url-status=live }}</ref> acokkali di bawah palinduangan nagara.<ref name="Campo283">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Hajj|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA283|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=283|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=6 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182152/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA283|url-status=live}}</ref> Kafilah haji, khususnyo jo muncuanyo [[Kasultanan Mamluk]] jo panaruihnyo, [[Kasultanan Utsmaniyah]], dikawa dek pasukan militer nan disaratoi dek tabib di bawah komando surang ''[[amir al-hajj]]''.<ref name="Singer141">{{Citation |first=Amy |last=Singer |author-link=Amy Singer (historian) |title=Constructing Ottoman Beneficence: An Imperial Soup Kitchen in Jerusalem |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zHBHBTNwBQoC&q=Amir+al+hajj+Ottoman&pg=PA141 |publisher=SUNY Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-7914-5351-3 |page=141 |access-date=19 October 2020 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182147/https://books.google.com/books?id=zHBHBTNwBQoC&q=Amir+al+hajj+Ottoman&pg=PA141 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Philipp102-04">{{Citation |first=Thomas |last=Philipp |title=The Mamluks in Egyptian Politics and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WoPF9T4ZiWsC&q=Amir+hajj&pg=PA102 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-521-59115-7 |pages=102–104 |access-date=19 October 2020 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182148/https://books.google.com/books?id=WoPF9T4ZiWsC&q=Amir+hajj&pg=PA102 |url-status=live }}</ref> Hal iko dilakuan untuak malinduangi kafilah dari kalompok [[Bedawi|Badui]] atau bahayo alam,<ref name="Singer141"/><ref name="Philipp102-04"/> jo untuak mamastian bahwasannyo paziarah tu mandapekan pasadioan nan diparaluan.<ref name="Singer141"/> Para panjalajah Muslim takah [[Ibnu Jubair]] jo [[Ibnu Bathuthah|Ibnu Batutah]] alah mancatat catatan rinci tantang pajalanan haji pado maso patangahan.<ref>{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F. E. |title=The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA71 |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1994 |page=71 |isbn=978-0-691-02619-0 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=22 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122153144/https://books.google.com/books?id=EK5MqskDYC0C&pg=PA71 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kafilah-kafilah tu maikuiki rute nan alah mapan nan dalam [[bahaso Arab]] disabuik ''darb al-hajj'' (jalan haji), nan biasonyo maikuiki rute kuno takah [[Jalan Raya Rajo (kuno)|Jalan Raya Rajo]]. == Wakatu palaksanaan == Tanggal palaksanaan haji ditantuan dek kalender Islam (Hijriah) nan babasis lunar atau bulan.<ref name="Harrison156">{{cite book |editor1-first=David |editor1-last=Harrison |title=Tourism and the Less Developed World: Issues and Case Studies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=blJpqa-XApQC&pg=PA156 |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2001 |publisher=[[CAB International|CABI]] |isbn=978-0-85199-433-8 |page=156 |archive-date=27 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127023945/https://books.google.com/books?id=blJpqa-XApQC&pg=PA156 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=Reynolds33>{{cite book |last=Reynolds |first=Gabriel said |title=The Emergence of Islam: Classical Traditions in Contemporary Perspective |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HWfFX5XDjuIC&pg=PT33 |year=2012 |publisher=Fortress Press |isbn=978-1-4514-0812-6 |page=33 |access-date=26 November 2019 |archive-date=16 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216192254/https://books.google.com/books?id=HWfFX5XDjuIC&pg=PT33 |url-status=live }}</ref> Satiok tahun, haji balansuang salamo sapuluah hari, dari 1 hinggo 10 Dzulhijjah, jo tanggal 9 dikenal sabagai [[Hari Arafah]] jo manjadi puncak ibadah haji. Karano tahun Hijriah sakitar 11 hari labiah pendek dari pado kalender Gregorius, tanggal haji taruih maju satiok tahun dalam kalender Masehi.<ref name=Reynolds33/><ref>{{cite book |editor1-first=Aziz |editor1-last=Sheikh |title=Caring for Muslim Patients |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA95 |access-date=15 November 2014 |year=2008 |publisher=Radcliffe Publishing |isbn=978-1-85775-812-2 |page=95 |archive-date=29 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151129021631/https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA95 |url-status=live }}</ref> Akibaiknyo, musim haji dapek tajadi duo kali dalam satahun Masehi sakitar 33 tahun sakali, nan tarakhia tajadi pado tahun 2006.<ref name="Umm-al-Qura-Calendar">{{cite web |url=http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura_principal.htm |title=Principal Islamic Days of Observance according to Umm al-Qura Calendar |year=2014 |work=The Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia |access-date=24 November 2014 |archive-date=28 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028164511/http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/islam/ummalqura_principal.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> == Urutan == [[File:Hajj locations and rites.png|thumb|right|Gambar nan manunjuakan rangkaian ibadah haji.]] Literatur [[fiqih]] manjalehan sacaro rinci tato caro malaksanaan haji, jo para jama’ah haji umumnyo maikuiki buku panduan jo para ahli untuak bahasia mamanuahi pasyaratan haji.<ref name="Campo282">{{cite encyclopedia|year=2009|title=Hajj|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam|publisher=[[Facts On File]]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA282|editor=Campo|editor-first=Juan E.|page=282|isbn=978-0-8160-5454-1|access-date=19 October 2020|archive-date=21 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721152752/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA282|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam palaksanaan ritual haji, jama'ah indak hanyo maikuiki taladan Muhammad, tapi juo mamparingeki paristiwa-paristiwa nan bakaikan jo Ibrahim.<ref name=Neusner178>{{cite book |last=Neusner |first=Jacob |title=World Religions in America: An Introduction |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jRkRAQAAIAAJ&q=Hajj+muslims+commemorate+events+associate+Abraham |access-date=6 October 2014 |year=2000 |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |isbn=978-0-664-25839-9 |page=178 |archive-date=6 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220406182147/https://books.google.com/books?id=jRkRAQAAIAAJ&q=Hajj+muslims+commemorate+events+associate+Abraham |url-status=live }}</ref> === Ihram === [[File:Muhammad Ali at Hajj 1972.jpg|thumb|[[Muhammad Ali]] mamakai ihram katiko malaksanaan haji pado 1972]] [[Ihram]] adolah kaadaan suci nan manandoi dimulainyo haji, dimulai katiko jama'ah mancapai [[miqat]].<ref name="Nigosian111" /><ref name="EB-ihram">{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/282481/ihram|title=ihram|year=2014|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=6 October 2014|archive-date=7 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007071226/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/282481/ihram|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam kondisi ko, jama'ah mamakai pakaian khusus (laki-laki duo kain putiah indak bajaik, padusi pakaian sopan biaso)<ref name="AtoZ">{{cite book |title=Hajj to Umrah: From A to Z |last=Mohamed |first=Mamdouh N. |publisher=Amana Publications |year=1996 |isbn=0-915957-54-X |url=https://archive.org/details/hajjumrahfromtoz00moha }}</ref> jo harus mamatuahi babagai larangan takah indak mangarek abuak atau kuku, indak mamakai parfum, jo indak bahubuangan suami istri.<ref name="Nigosian111">{{cite book |last=Nigosian |first=S. A. |title=Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices |url=https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo |url-access=registration |year=2004 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |location=[[Indiana]] |isbn=0-253-21627-3 |page=[https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo/page/111 111]}}</ref><ref name="EB-ihram" /> Ihram malambangan kasataraan di hadapan Allah sarato maajaan kasederhanaan, kamurnian, jo pangingek akan kamatian.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/philosophy-hajj-rituals|title=The Philosophy of Hajj Rituals|date=3 January 2021|access-date=31 May 2022|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411224841/https://salamislam.com/articles/practical-principles/philosophy-hajj-rituals|url-status=live}}</ref> === Tawaf jo sa'i === [[File:Tavaf.jpg|right|thumb|Gambar nan manunjuakan arah tawaf jo sa'i.]] [[Tawaf]] adolah ritual mangaliliangi Ka’bah sabanyak tujuah kali balawanan arah jarum jam, dimulai jo diakhiai di [[Hajar Aswad]], sambia malantunan doa nan dikenal sabagai talbiyah.<ref name="Marshall89">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA89 |title=Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Cultures |last=Long |first=Matthew |publisher=Marshall Cavendish Corporation |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-7614-7926-0 |page=89 |access-date=2 September 2014 |archive-date=23 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123110541/https://books.google.com/books?id=H_m14NlQQMYC&pg=PA89 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Long17">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA17 |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |last=Long |first=David E. |publisher=[[SUNY Press]] |year=1979 |isbn=978-0-87395-382-5 |page=17 |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217110352/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA17 |url-status=live }}</ref> Sasudah tu, jama'ah manjalanan sumbayang duo rakaat jo minum [[Aia Zam-zam|aia Zamzam]]. Tawaf malambangan tauhid jo pasatuan umaik Islam.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.arabnews.com/news/597946 |title=Pilgrims complain of Zamzam water shortage in Makkah |date=7 July 2014 |access-date=7 September 2014 |newspaper=Arab News |archive-date=22 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161222055151/http://www.arabnews.com/news/597946 |url-status=live }}</ref> Ritual dilanjuikan jo [[sa'i]], yaitu bajalan atau balari-lari ketek sabanyak tujuah kali antaro Safa jo Marwa. Sasudah sa’i, laki-laki mancukua atau mamendekan abuak, jo padusi mangarek ujuang abuak, nan manandoi salasainyo umroh.<ref name=Marshall89/><ref name="Adelowo401">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA401 |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |year=2014 |isbn=978-978-081-447-2 |location=Ibadan |page=401 |editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=1 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151101064315/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA401 |url-status=live }}</ref> === Hari patamo: 8 Dzulhijjah === Pado 8 Dzulhijjah, para jama'ah diingekan baliak akan kawajibannyo, mamakai baliak kain ihram, jo managuahan niaik untuak manunaian haji. Sajak tu, larangan-larangan ihram mulai balaku. Hari ko dikenal sabagai Hari Tarwiyah nan bararti hari mahilangan dahaga.<ref name="Reyshahri">{{cite web |last1=Reyshahri |first1=Mohammad |title=Hajj in Quran and Hadith |url=http://lib.eshia.ir/27405/1/321/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87 |website=lib.eshia |access-date=2 September 2018 |archive-date=17 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217013745/http://lib.eshia.ir/27405/1/321/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%87 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[File:Haji pilgrimage mina tent city.jpg|thumb|Tenda-tenda jama'ah haji katiko di Mina]] Sasudah sumbayang Subuah pado tanggal 8, jama'ah haji malanjuikan pajalanan ka [[Mina]] di mano urang-urang tu mahabihan sapanjang hari jo malaksanaan sumbayang Zuhur (kalau batapekan jo hari Jumaik, [[sumbayang Jumaik]] dilakuan di Mina, bukan sumbayang Zuhur), Ashar, Magarik, jo Isya.<ref name=Adelowo403>{{cite book |editor1-first=E. Dada |editor1-last=Adelowo |title=Perspectives in Religious Studies: Volume III |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA403 |year=2014 |publisher=HEBN Publishers Plc |location=Ibadan |isbn=978-978-081-447-2 |page=403 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=3 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103151204/https://books.google.com/books?id=ma-QBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA403 |url-status=live }}</ref> Bisuak paginyo sasudah sumbayang Subuah, urang-urang tu maninggaan Mina manuju [[Arafah]]. === Hari kaduo: 9 Dzulhijah === [[File:Pilgrims cover Arafat's roads, plains and mountain - Flickr - Al Jazeera English.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji baibadah di Arafah.]] Tanggal 9 Dzulhijah dikenal sabagai Hari Arafah, jo hari ko disabuik sabagai Hari Haji.<ref name="v3502133">{{cite web |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/muslims-mark-most-important-day-of-hajj-in-saudi-arabia/3502133.html |title=Muslims Mark Most Important Day of Hajj in Saudi Arabia |first=Cecily |last=Hilleary |date=11 September 2016 |access-date=11 September 2016 |archive-date=20 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180820141006/https://www.voanews.com/a/muslims-mark-most-important-day-of-hajj-in-saudi-arabia/3502133.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Sabalum tangah hari, para jama'ah tibo di Arafah, tanah tanduih jo data sakitar 20 kilometer sabalah timur Makkah,<ref name=Long19/> di mano urang-urang tu tagak dalam ibadah khidmat dakek bukik nan dikenal [[Jabal Rahmah]];<ref name=Adelowo403/> urang-urang tu mamanjekan doa, bataubaik jo manabuih doso-doso nan lampau, mamohon ampunan Allah, sarato mandangaan khutbah dari ulama nan manyampainnyo dari dakek Jabal al-Rahmah, tampek Muhammad dikatoan manyampaian khutbah tarakhianyo. Balansuang dari tangah hari hinggo matoari tabanam, iko dikenal sabagai “tagak di hadapan Allah" (wuquf), salah ciek ritual tapantiang dalam ibadah haji.<ref name=Nigosian111/> Ibadah haji surang jama'ah dianggap indak sah kalau indak mahabihan patang hari di Arafah.<ref name=Long19>{{cite book |last=Long |first=David E. |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA19 |year=1979 |isbn=0-87395-382-7 |page=19 |publisher=SUNY Press |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=4 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804200934/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA19 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Muzdalifah ==== [[File:MuzdalifahPanorama.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji bamalam di Muzdalifah]] Para paziarah harus maninggaan Arafah manuju [[Muzdalifah]] sasudah matoari tabanam tanpa manjalanan sumbayang Mugarik di Arafah.<ref>Sahih Muslim-Hadith No 2941.2944</ref> Muzdalifah adolah daerah antaro Arafah jo Mina. Sasudah tibo di sinan, paziarah sumbayang Mugarik jo Isya sacaro basamaan, bamalam sambia sumbayang jo lalok di tanah tabukak, sarato mangumpuan kareke untuak mambae jumrah bisuaknyo.<ref>Sahih Bukhari Hadith No: 732,733, and 734</ref> === Hari katigo: 10 Dzulhijjah === ==== Mambae jumrah ==== [[File:Amellie - Stoning of the devil 2006 Hajj.jpg|thumb|Jama'ah haji sadang mambae jumrah.]] Di Mina, para paziarah mambae batu simbolis kapado Setan (''[[Mambae jumrah|Ramy al-Jamarat]]'') jo mambae tujuah batu dari matoari tabik hinggo tabanam hanyo ka salah ciek dari tigo tiang nan ado nan dikenal sabagai Jamrat al-Aqabah.<ref name="al-Hasani">{{cite book |last=al-Hasani |first=Abu Qanit al-Sharif |title=The Guiding Helper: Main Text and Explanatory Notes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wKZJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA220 |year=2009 |publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=978-1-4452-3791-6 |page=220 |access-date=12 August 2015 |archive-date=2 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151102121628/https://books.google.com/books?id=wKZJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA220 |url-status=live }}</ref> ==== Qurban ==== Sasudah paristiwa mambae batu, binatang taranak [[Qurban|diqurbanan]] untuak mamparingeki kisah Ibrahim jo Ismail. Sacaro tradisional, paziarah mandabiah binatang tu surang atau mancaliak pandabiahannyo. Kini, banyak paziarah nan mambali voucher qurban sabalum ibadah haji dimulai, nan taranaknyo didabiah ateh namo Allah pado tanggal 10, tanpa kahadiran fisik paziarah. Rumah potoang binatang moderen manyalasaian pangolahan dagiang, nan kamudian dikirim sabagai sidakah ka urang miskin di kasadoan dunia.<ref name="RESA">{{cite web |url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/issues/hajj/ |title=Hajj |publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia |access-date=12 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815124605/http://www.saudiembassy.net/issues/hajj/ |archive-date=15 August 2014 }}</ref> Di wakatau nan samo, urang-urang Muslim di dunia marayoan hari [[Iduladha]].<ref name="bbc.co.uk"/> ==== Bacukua ==== Sasudah mandabiah binatang qurban, ritual pantiang lainnyo dalam ibadah haji iolah mancukua atau mamangkeh abuak. Kasadoan jama'ah haji laki-laki mancukua abuaknyo jo jama'ah padusi hanyo mamotoang ujuang abuak sajo.<ref name="BBC">{{cite web|date=8 September 2009|title=Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/hajj_1.shtml|access-date=6 October 2014|publisher=BBC|archive-date=3 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191103141339/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/hajj_1.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Long21>{{cite book |last=Long |title=The Hajj Today: A Survey of the Contemporary Pilgrimage to Makkah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA21 |year=1979 |isbn=0-87395-382-7 |page=21 |publisher=SUNY Press |access-date=29 August 2017 |archive-date=16 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216091036/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Uk3Gh6xrUUC&pg=PA21 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>Sahih Muslim Hadith no:2985,2994</ref> ==== Tawaf Ifadah ==== [[File:Kaaba 2.JPG|thumb|Jama'ah haji sadang tawaf Ifadah]] Pado hari nan samo atau bisuaknyo, paziarah mangunjuangi [[Masjidil Haram]] di Makkah untuak Tawaf, nan dikenal sabagai Tawaf Ifadah, bagian pantiang dari haji.<ref name=Long21/> Hal iko malambangan kainginan untuak basagiro manghadap Allah jo manunjuakan raso cinto kapado-Nyo, bagian wajib dari haji. Malam tanggal 10 dihabihan baliak di Mina. === Hari kaampek jo kalimo: 11 jo 12 Dzulhijjah === Mulai tangah hari hinggo matoari tabanam pado tanggal 11 Dzulhijjah (baitu pulo bisuak harinyo), paziarah mambae liak tujuah batu kareke ka masiang-masiang dari tigo tiang di Mina. Sasudah tu, paziarah maninggaan Mina sabalum matoari tabanam pado 12 Dzulhijjah.<ref name="al-Hasani"/> === Hari kaanam: 13 Dzulhijjah === Jikok indak dapek maninggaan Mina pado tanggal 12 sabalum matoari tabanam atau paziarah mamiliah untuak tingga labiah lamo, paziarah harus mambae jumrah liak sabalum baliak ka Makkah pado tanggal 13.<ref name="al-Hasani"/> ==== Tawaf Wadaa ==== Tarakhia, sabalum maninggaan Makkah, paziarah malakuan tawaf papisahan nan disabuik Tawaf Wadaa nan bararti maucapan salamaik tingga. Paziarah mangaliliangi Ka’bah sabanyak tujuah kali balawanan arah jarum jam, jo jikok mamungkinkan, urang-urang tu bausaho maawai atau mancium Ka’bah.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Sheikho |first1=Mohammad Amin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mcVCAwAAQBAJ&dq=Tawaf+al-Wadaa&pg=PT67 |title=Pilgrimage "Hajj": The Fifth High Grade of Al-Taqwa |last2=Al-Dayrani |first2=A. K. John Alias |date=2017-07-19 |publisher=BookRix |isbn=978-3-7309-9606-5 |language=en |access-date=5 July 2022 |archive-date=8 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708212613/https://books.google.com/books?id=mcVCAwAAQBAJ&dq=Tawaf+al-Wadaa&pg=PT67 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Signifikansi == Bagi umaik Islam, haji mampunyoi makna kaagamoan sakaliguih sosial.<ref name="AzizSheikh2008">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA96|title=Caring for Muslim Patients|publisher=Radcliffe Publishing|year=2008|isbn=978-1-85775-812-2|editor-last=Sheikh|editor-first=Aziz|page=96|access-date=2 September 2014|archive-date=29 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151129021635/https://books.google.com/books?id=mgwiloFTrKwC&pg=PA96|url-status=live}}</ref> Kawajiban manunaian ibadah ko hanyo tapanuahi jikok dilakuan pado tanggal 8 hinggo 12 Dzulhijjah. Katiko pado suatu tahun surang Muslim dewasa barado dalam kondisi siyaik sarato mampunyoi kaamanan jiwa jo harato, mako inyo wajib manunaian haji pado tahun tu. Manundanyo dianggap badoso kacuali karano alasan nan indak dapek dikandalian.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Musharraf|first1=Hussain|title=The Five Pillars of Islam: Laying the Foundations of Divine Love and Service to Humanity|url=https://archive.org/details/fivepillarsofisl0000huss|date=2012|publisher=Kube Publishing|location=Leicestershire, UK|isbn=9781847740236|pages=[https://archive.org/details/fivepillarsofisl0000huss/page/204 204]–205}}</ref> Salain sabagai kawajiban agamo, haji dipandang juo sabagai kagiatan nan mampunyoi nilai spiritual nan maagiah kasempatan bagi Muslim untuak mampabarui diri.<ref name="AzizSheikh2008" /> Haji manjadi pangingek akan [[Kiamaik|Hari Kiamaik]] katiko manusia diyakini akan tagak di hadapan Allah.<ref>{{cite book|last=Powell|first=William|url=https://archive.org/details/saudiarabiaitsro00powe|title=Saudi Arabia and Its Royal Family|publisher=Lyle Stuart|year=1982|isbn=978-0-8184-0326-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/saudiarabiaitsro00powe/page/113 113]|access-date=7 October 2014|url-access=registration}}</ref> Literatur hadis manyabuikan babagai kautamoan nan didapek jama'ah sasudah manyalasaian haji dengan baiak. Sasudah manunaian haji, sasaurang dapek manambahan gala “Al-Hajji" pado namonyo jo biasonyo dihormati dalam masyarakaik Muslim.<ref name="Andrea67">{{cite book|author=Andrea Schulte-Peevers|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D8hmZIAaTGQC&pg=PA67|title=Oman, UAE & Arabian Peninsula|publisher=Lonely Planet|year=2010|isbn=978-1-74179-145-7|page=67|access-date=12 August 2015|archive-date=26 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026160826/https://books.google.com/books?id=D8hmZIAaTGQC&pg=PA67|url-status=live}}</ref> Namun, para ulama manakanan bahwasannyo haji saharisnyo mancaminan komitmen kaagamoan, bukan ukuran status sosial.<ref name="Andrea67" /> Haji juo mampatamuan umaik Islam dari babagai panjuru dunia tanpa mamandang ras, warna kulik, jo budaya, sahinggo manjadi simbol kasataraan.<ref name="Nigosian111" /><ref name="BBC" /> Sabuah studi tahun 2008 manganai dampak partisipasi dalam ibadah haji manunjuakan bahwa komunitas Muslim manjadi labiah positif jo toleran sasudah haji. Studi bajudul ''Estimating the Impact of the Hajj: Religion and Tolerance in Islam's Global Gathering'' nan dilakuam basamo John F. Kennedy School of Government di [[Universitas Harvard]] mancatat bahwa haji maningkekan kayakiman tahadap kasataraan jo kaharmonisan antar kalompok etnis sarato [[Mazhab|Mazhab Islam]], sarato mandoroang sikap nan labiah positif tahadap padusi, tamasuak panarinoan nan labiah gadang tahadap pandidikan jo karajo bagi padusi. Salain itu, para jama'ah haji manunjuakan paningkekan kayakinan tahadap pardamaian, kasataraan, jo kaharmonisan antar pamaluak agamo nan babedo.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Clingingsmith |first1=David |last2=Khwaja |first2=Asim Ijaz |last3=Kremer |first3=Michael |title=Estimating the Impact of the Hajj: Religion and Tolerance in Islam's Global Gathering * |journal=Quarterly Journal of Economics |date=August 2009 |volume=124 |issue=3 |pages=1133–1170 |doi=10.1162/qjec.2009.124.3.1133 |url=https://academic.oup.com/qje/article-abstract/124/3/1133/1905120 |access-date=20 September 2025}}</ref> == Jumlah jamaah per tahun == {| class="wikitable sortable" ![[Tahun]] ![[Kalender Hijriyah|Tahun Hijriyah]] !Jamaah lokal !Jamaah lua nageri !Total |- |1920 |1338 | |58,584<ref name=History>{{cite news |url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-2-139473-Number-of-foreign-Hajis-grows-by-2824-percent-in-92-years |title=Number of foreign Hajis grows by 2,824 percent in 92 years |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102022130/http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-2-139473-Number-of-foreign-Hajis-grows-by-2824-percent-in-92-years |archive-date=2 November 2012 |newspaper=[[The News International]] |access-date=9 October 2016}}</ref> | |- |1921 |1339 | |57,255<ref name="History" /> | |- |1922 |1340 | |56,319<ref name="History" /> | |- |1950 |1369 | |100,000 (perk.)<ref name="Marshall86" /> | |- |1950s | | |150,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132">{{cite book|editor1-first=Eric|editor1-last=Tagliacozzo|editor2-first=Shawkat|editor2-last=Toorawa|title=The Hajj: Pilgrimage in Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Am3OCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA132|year=2016|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-1-107-61280-8|page=132}}</ref> | |- |1960s | | |300,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1970s | | |700,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1980s | | |900,000 (perk.)<ref name="Tagliacozzo-132" /> | |- |1989 |1409 | |774,600<ref name="Harrison-156">{{cite book|editor1-first=David|editor1-last=Harrison|title=Tourism and the Less Developed World: Issues and Case Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=blJpqa-XApQC&pg=PA156|year=2001|publisher=[[CABI Publishing]]|location=|isbn=9780851994338|page=156}}</ref> | |- |1990 |1410 | |827,200<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1991 |1411 | |720,100<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1992 |1412 | |1,015,700<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1993 |1413 | |992,800<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1994 |1414 | |997,400<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1995 |1415 | |1,046,307<ref name="Harrison-156" /> | |- |1996 |1416 |784,769 |1,080,465<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref name="RESA1997">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1997/news/page208.aspx|title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for 1417 Hajj|date=15 April 1997|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318145148/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1997/news/page208.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,865,234 |- |1997 |1417 |774,260 |1,168,591<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref name="RESA1997" /> |1,942,851 |- |1998 |1418 |699,770 |1,132,344 |1,832,114<ref name="Harrison-156" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1998/news/page352.aspx|title=Final statistics for Hajj 1418 pilgrims|date=8 April 1998|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=3 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303214712/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/1998/news/page352.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |1999 |1419 |775,268 |1,056,730 |1,831,998 |- |2000 |1420 |466,430<ref name="RESA2000">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2000/news/Page460.aspx|title=Ministry of Pilgrimage figures released for 1420 Haj|date=20 March 2000|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=31 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331043722/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2000/news/Page460.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,267,355 |1,733,785<ref name="RESA2000" /> |- |2001 |1421 |440,808 |1,363,992 |1,804,800<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2001/news/page514.aspx|title=Successful culmination of Hajj 1421|date=9 March 2001|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=11 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311190439/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2001/news/page514.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2002 |1422 |590,576 |1,354,184 |1,944,760 |- |2003 |1423 |493,230 |1,431,012 |1,924,242<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2003/news/page499.aspx|title=Tragic deaths reported in crowding at Mina|date=11 February 2003|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=7 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307022730/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2003/news/page499.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2004 |1424 |473,004<ref name="culmination">{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page759.aspx|title=Culmination of 1424 Hajj witnesses stampede deaths|date=1 February 2004|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=5 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305131347/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page759.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,419,706<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page764.aspx|title=Hajj proceeding without incident|date=30 January 2004|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=7 October 2014|archive-date=5 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305085922/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2004/news/page764.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,892,710<ref name="culmination" /> |- |2005 |1425 |1,030,000 (perk.) |1,534,769 |2,560,000 (perk.)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2005/news/page806.aspx|title=Prince Abdulmajeed declares Hajj 1425 a success|date=25 January 2005|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=26 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190826144637/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2005/news/page806.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2006 |1426 |573,147 |1,557,447 |2,130,594<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page919.aspx|title=Number of Hajj pilgrims tops 2 million|date=10 January 2006|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=16 January 2015|archive-date=16 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316184801/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page919.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2006 |1427 |724,229 |1,654,407 |2,378,636<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page5.aspx|title=More than 2.3 million pilgrims perform the Hajj this year|date=30 December 2006|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=29 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229035136/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2006/news/page5.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2007 |1428 |746,511 |1,707,814 |2,454,325<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2007/news/page15.aspx|title=More than 1.7 million pilgrims have arrived in Saudi Arabia for the Hajj|date=17 December 2007|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=30 July 2009|archive-date=2 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302213726/https://www.saudiembassy.net/archive/2007/news/page15.aspx|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name="SCDS">{{cite web|url=http://xrdarabia.org/2007/12/23/how-many-attended-the-hajj/|title=How Many Attended the Hajj?|date=23 December 2007|work=Crossroads Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071225170345/http://xrdarabia.org/2007/12/23/how-many-attended-the-hajj/|archive-date=2007-12-25|dead-url=yes|access-date=2015-10-22}}</ref> |- |2008 |1429 | |1,729,841<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx|title=Record number of pilgrims arrive for Hajj|date=6 December 2008|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304184226/http://saudiembassy.net/affairs/recent-news/news12060801.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=30 July 2009}}</ref> | |- |2009 |1430 |154,000 |1,613,000 |2,521,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11290904.aspx|title=2,521,000 million pilgrims participated in Hajj 1430|date=29 November 2009|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062357/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11290904.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=8 December 2009}}</ref> |- |2010 |1431 |989,798 |1,799,601 |2,854,345<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.or.jp/En/PressReleases/2010/20101118.htm|title=2.8 million pilgrims participated in Hajj 1431|date=18 November 2010|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109210141/http://www.saudiembassy.or.jp/En/PressReleases/2010/20101118.htm|archive-date=2016-11-09|dead-url=yes|accessdate=28 December 2010}}</ref> |- |2011 |1432 |1,099,522 |1,828,195 |2,927,717<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11061102.aspx|title=2,927,717 pilgrims performed Hajj this year|date=6 November 2011|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430192735/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news11061102.aspx|archive-date=2016-04-30|dead-url=yes|accessdate=16 November 2012}}</ref> |- |2012 |1433 |1,408,641 |1,752,932 |3,161,573<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx|title=3,161,573 pilgrims perform Hajj this year|date=27 October 2012|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530224201/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10271201.aspx|archive-date=2016-05-30|dead-url=yes|accessdate=12 March 2013}}</ref> |- |2013 |1434 |700,000 (perk.)<ref>{{cite news|title=Two million pilgrims taking place in Hajj|publisher=Euronews|date=14 October 2013|url=http://www.euronews.com/2013/10/14/two-million-pilgrims-taking-part-in-hajj-at-mecca-reach-mount-arafat/|accessdate=13 February 2014|archive-date=2020-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200319062016/https://www.euronews.com/2013/10/14/two-million-pilgrims-taking-part-in-hajj-at-mecca-reach-mount-arafat|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |1,379,531<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10131302.aspx|title=1,379,531 pilgrims from 188 countries arrived for Hajj|date=13 October 2013|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065109/http://saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10131302.aspx|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|accessdate=13 February 2014}}</ref> |2,061,573 (perk.) |- |2014 |1435 |700,000 (perk.)<ref name="AN2014">{{cite news|title=Pilgrims stone 'devil' in last major Haj ritual; Eid Al-Adha begins|publisher=Arab News|date=6 October 2014|url=http://www.arabnews.com/featured/news/639656|accessdate=7 October 2014}}</ref> |1,389,053<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10021401.aspx|title=Small increase in foreign pilgrims|date=2 October 2014|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009221349/http://www.saudiembassy.net/latest_news/news10021401.aspx|archive-date=2014-10-09|dead-url=yes|accessdate=7 October 2014}}</ref> |2,089,053 (perk.)<ref name="AN2014" /> |- |2015 |1436 |615,059 (perk.) |1,384,941<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.saudiembassy.net/1384941-foreign-pilgrims-participated-hajj|title=1,384,941 foreign pilgrims participated in Hajj|date=22 September 2015|publisher=Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia|accessdate=15 February 2017|archive-date=16 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216055803/https://www.saudiembassy.net/1384941-foreign-pilgrims-participated-hajj|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |2,000,000 (perk.)<ref name=TheDailyStar2015>{{cite news |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/pilgrims-pray-peace-148021 |title=Hajj Performed: 2 million pilgrims pray for world peace |date=24 September 2015 |work=The Daily Star |access-date=26 September 2015 |archive-date=16 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316184022/https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/pilgrims-pray-peace-148021 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- |2016 |1437 |537,537<ref name="Arabia-2017">{{cite web|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2016/09/12/Saudi-Arabia-says-Hajj-2016-receives-1-8-million-pilgrims.html|title=Saudi Arabia says Hajj 2016 receives 1.8 million pilgrims|date=12 September 2016|work=Al Arabiya English|publisher=|accessdate=15 February 2017|author=}}</ref> |1,325,372<ref name="Arabia-2017" /> |1,862,909<ref name="Arabia-2017" /> |- |2017 |1438 |600,108 |1,752,014 |2,352,122<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/hajj_statistics_for_the_year_1438_hen.xls|title=Haj Statistics|date=|publisher=General Authority of Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|access-date=21 Juli 2022|archive-date=2018-11-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114223759/https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/hajj_statistics_for_the_year_1438_hen.xls|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2018 |1439 |612,953 |1,758,722 |2,371,675<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|title=Haj Statistics|date=22 August 2018|publisher=General Authority of Statistics, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia|access-date=22 August 2018|archive-date=24 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160524103836/https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/28|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2019 |1440 |634,379 |1,855,027 |2,489,406<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.arabnews.com/node/1538466/saudi-arabia|title=Around 2.5&nbsp;million pilgrims take part in Hajj this year|date=10 August 2019|website=Arab News|access-date=13 August 2019}}</ref> |- |2020 |1441 | | |10,000<ref>{{Cite news|title=Hari Ini, 10.000 Jamaah Haji Jalani Hari Tarwiyah di Mina|date=29 Juli 2020|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5112265/hari-ini-10000-jamaah-haji-jalani-hari-tarwiyah-di-mina|access-date=6 November 2021|work=[[Detik.com|detikcom]]|archive-date=30 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230083216/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-5112265/hari-ini-10000-jamaah-haji-jalani-hari-tarwiyah-di-mina|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- |2021 |1442 |58,745<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-saudi-arabia-health-coronavirus-pandemic-5141f26a40cc3a75f5f252c24f8228e0|title=Saudi Arabia says hajj to be limited to 60,000 in kingdom|date=12 June 2021|website=Associated Press|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505045827/https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-saudi-arabia-health-coronavirus-pandemic-5141f26a40cc3a75f5f252c24f8228e0|archive-date=5 May 2022|access-date=5 May 2022|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/HAJ%20ANN2021E_kp.pdf|title=Hajj Statistics 1442 (2021)|website=General Authority for Statistics|access-date=2022-12-30|archive-date=2023-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606070534/https://www.stats.gov.sa/sites/default/files/HAJ%20ANN2021E_kp.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |0<ref name=":0" /> |58,745<ref name=":7" /> |- |2022 |1443 |119,434<ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=http://saudigazette.com.sa/article/622743/SAUDI-ARABIA/GASTAT-A-total-of-899353-pilgrims-perform-Hajj|title=GASTAT: A total of 899,353 pilgrims perform Hajj|date=2022-07-08|website=Saudi Gazette|language=English|access-date=2022-07-20}}</ref> |779,919<ref name=":8" /> |899,353<ref name=":8" /> |- |2023 |1444 |184,000<ref name="NewArab">{{cite news |last= |first= |date=June 27, 2023 |title=Saudi Arabia: Hajj draws 1.8 million pilgrims, falls short of pre-pandemic record |url=https://www.newarab.com/news/hajj-draws-18-million-pilgrims-falls-short-record?amp |work=[[The New Arab]] |location= |access-date=October 27, 2023 |archive-date=October 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027121930/https://www.newarab.com/news/hajj-draws-18-million-pilgrims-falls-short-record?amp |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | |1,845,045<ref name="NewArab" /> |- |2024 |1445 |221,854<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.stats.gov.sa/en/news/532|title=GASTAT: Total number of pilgrims in 1445 H Hajj season is 1,833,164|first=الهيئة العامة|last=للإحصاء|date=15 June 2024|website=General Authority for Statistics|accessdate=31 July 2024|archive-date=25 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240725091223/https://stats.gov.sa/en/news/532|url-status=dead}}</ref> |1,611,310<ref name="auto"/> |1,833,164<ref name="auto"/> |- |2025 |1446 |166,654 |1,506,576 |1,673,230<ref>https://www.stats.gov.sa/documents/20117/2435281/Hajj+Statistics+2025+EN+%283%29.xlsx/dfc4e54e-6cfb-1db3-0c88-eb50009daf5d?t=1751978694835</ref> |} == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} == Bacaan lanjuik == * {{cite book|last=Bianchi|first=Robert R.|year=2004|title=Guests of God: Pilgrimage and Politics in the Islamic World|url=https://archive.org/details/guestsofgodpilgr0000bian|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-517107-5}} * {{cite book|last=Hammoudi|first=Abdellah|year=2006|title=A Season in Mecca: Narrative of a Pilgrimage|publisher=Hill and Wang|isbn=978-0-8090-7609-3|author-link=Abdellah Hammoudi|url=https://archive.org/details/seasoninmeccanar00hamm}} * Khan, Qaisra, "Hajj & 'Umra", in ''Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God'' (2 vols.), edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014, Vol. I, pp.&nbsp;239–245. * {{cite book|last=Patler|first=Nicholas|title=From Mecca to Selma: Malcolm X, Islam, and the Journey tnto the American Civil Rights Movement|year=2017|publisher=The Islamic Monthly|url=http://theislamicmonthly.com/mecca-to-selma/|access-date=2022-12-30|archive-date=2022-12-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230082856/https://www.theislamicmonthly.com/mecca-to-selma/|dead-url=yes}} * {{cite book|last=Trojanow|first=Ilija|year=2007|title=Mumbai to Mecca: A Pilgrimage to the Holy Sites of Islam|url=https://archive.org/details/frommumbaitomecc0000troj|publisher=Haus Publishing|isbn=978-1-904950-29-5|author-link=Ilija Trojanow}} {{Topik Islam}} [[Kategori:Islam]] a5shkgpcirfopdaghb716q6q9i0un6n Islam 0 308 3351894 3351735 2026-08-14T03:28:15Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3351894 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox religion | name = Islam | native_name = {{nobold|{{lang|ar|{{Script/Arabic|الاسلام}}}}<br/>{{transliteration|ar|al-’Islām}}}} | image = The Kaaba during Hajj.jpg | imagewidth = 240px | caption = [[Ka'bah]] di [[Makkah]], [[Arab Saudi]], markah suci dan [[kiblat]] umat Muslim | type = [[Agamo|Agamo universal]] | main_classification = [[Agamo Abrahamik|Abrahamik]] | scripture = [[Al-Qur'an]] | theology = [[Monoteisme]] | language = [[bahaso Arab Klasik|Arab Klasik]] | territory = [[Muslim]] | founder = [[Muhammad]] | founded_date = | founded_place = [[Jabal an-Nur]]<!-- tampek dimano Muhammad manarimo wahyu partamo iyolah di guo Hira nan barado di gunuang iko -->, [[Makkah]], [[Hijaz]], [[Jazirah Arab]] | members = [[Islam manuruik nagara|2,7 miliar]] (manuruik jumlah Muslim di tiok nagara) | separations = [[Babisme]],<ref name="browne">{{cite book |url=http://bahai-library.com/browne_babism |title=Bábism |first=Edward G. |last=Browne |author-link=E.G. Browne |year=1889}}</ref> [[Baháʼí]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-bahai-idUSL225076120061127|title=World's Baha'i connect with past in Israel|date=20 Januari 2007|via=Reuters}}</ref> [[Druze]]<ref>{{cite book|title=The Politics of Islamic Revivalism: Diversity and Unity: Center for Strategic and International Studies (Washington, D.C.), Georgetown University. Center for Strategic and International Studies| first=Shireen|last= Hunter|year=2010| isbn=9780253345493| page = 33|publisher=University of Michigan Press|quote= Druze - Cabang dari Syiah; penganutnya tidak diakui sebagai Muslim oleh kaum ortodoksi.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Oxford Handbook of American Islam| first=Yvonne |last=Yazbeck Haddad|year=2014| isbn=9780199862634| page = 142|publisher=Oxford University Press|quote=Sementara kebanyakan mazhab serupa dengan Islam yang normatif, Druze lebih seperti agama mandiri dengan interpretasi kitab yang berbeda. Druze dianggap pula berbeda dari Ismaili dan kepercayaan Muslim lainnya... penganut Druze juga tidak mengaku sebagai Muslim...}}</ref> }} {{Islam}} '''Islam''' ([[Bahaso Arab|Arab]]: الإسلام‎ ''al-’islām'', dikecekkan [[:en:Wikipedia:IPA for Arabic|[ʔislæːm]]]) adolah [[agamo]] nan batuhan ka [[Allah|Allah SWT]] jo banabi ka [[Muhammad|Nabi Muhammad SAW]]. Kato Islam sacaro harafiah aratinyo "basarah diri (pado Tuhan)". Jo labiah dari satu saparampek [[miliar]] urang pangikuik di saluruah dunia,<ref>''[http://sun.cair.com/AboutIslam/IslamBasics.aspx Islam Basics: About Islam and American Muslim] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828195234/http://sun.cair.com/AboutIslam/IslamBasics.aspx |date=2013-08-28 }}'', Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR), Copyright © 2007.</ref><ref>''[http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/ataglance/glance.shtml Religions & Ethics: Islam at a glance]'', BBC - homepage, © MMVII.</ref> manjadian Islam sabagai agamo tagadang kaduo di dunia sasudah agamo [[Kristen]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.adherents.com/Religions_By_Adherents.html#Islam |title=Major Religions of the World—Ranked by Number of Adherents |accessdate=2007-07-03 |format=HTML |work= |archive-date=2010-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100129202506/http://www.adherents.com/Religions_By_Adherents.html#Islam |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Islam punyo arati "panyarahan", yaitu panyarahan diri sapanuahnyo kapado [[Tuhan]] ([[Bahaso Arab|Arab]]: {{lang|ar|الله}}, Allāh).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/notislam/misconceptions.html#HEADING1 |title=USC-MSA Compendium of Muslim Texts<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2013-04-28 |archive-date=2008-09-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080914142504/http://www.usc.edu/dept/MSA/notislam/misconceptions.html#HEADING1 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Panganuik agamo Islam disabuik [[Muslim]] nan baarati "surang nan tunduak kapado Tuhan"<ref name="EoI-Islam">{{cite encyclopedia | title=Islam | encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online | author=L. Gardet | coauthors=J. Jomier | accessdate=2007-05-02}}</ref><ref name="Lanes Lexicon">{{cite web|url=http://www.studyquran.org/LaneLexicon/Volume4/00000137.pdf|title=Lane's lexicon |accessdate=2007-07-03}}</ref>, atau labiah langkoknyo adolah Muslimin bagi laki-laki jo Muslimat bagi padusi. Islam dianuik jo mayoritas panduduak [[Indonesia]], damikian pulo urang Minang kini ko baagamo Islam sajak masuaknyo agamo Islam ka [[Minangkabau]]. Falsafah urang Minangkabau nan tanamo manganai agamo Islam: ''Adaik basandi syarak, syarak basandi Kitabullah. Syarak mangato adaik mamakai''. Islam maajaan bahaso [[Allah]] manurunan [[firman]]-Nyo kapado manusia malalui para nabi jo [[rasul]] utusan-Nyo, jo mayakini sacaro sungguah-sungguah bahaso [[Muhammad]] adolah nabi jo rasul taakhia nan diutuih ka dunia dek [[Allah]]. == Etimologi == Islam barasa dari kato Arab ''Aslama-Yuslimu-Islaman'' nan sacaro bahaso baarati 'Manyalamaikan' misal teks 'Assalamu Alaikum' nan baarati ''Semoga Kasalamaikan ateh kalian sadonyo''. Islam/Islaman adolah Masdar/[[Kato benda]] sabagai bahaso panunjuak dari Fi'il/[[Kato karajo]] iyolah 'Aslama' = Alah Salamaik (Past Tense) jo 'Yuslimu' = Manyalamaikan (Past Continous Tense). Kato triliteral semitik ''''S-L-M'''' manurunan babarapo istilah utamo dalam pamahaman manganai kaislaman, iyolah '''Islam''' jo '''Muslim'''. Kasadonyo baaka dari kato '''Salam''' jo baarati ''kadamaian''.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=aRl7gcq26ogC&pg=PA41&dq#v=onepage&q&f=false Mirror of realization: God is a percept, the universe is a concept. Mashhad Al-ʻAllāf].</ref> Kato Islam labiah spesifik lai didapek dari [[bahaso Arab]] '''Aslama''', nan bamakna "untuak manarimo, manyarah atau tunduak" jo dalam pangaratian nan labiah jauah kapado Tuhan.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=Ebj45xm6r_4C&pg=PA441 Studies in Semitic philology. M. M. Bravmann].</ref> Jo damikian, Islam baarati panarimoan diri jo panyarahan diri kapado Tuhan, jo panganuiknyo musti manunjuakan iko jo manyambah-Nyo, manuruiki parintah-Nyo, jo mahindari [[politheisme]] atau [[syirik]]. Panyatoan iko mambarikan babarapo makasuik dari [[Al-Qur'an|al-Qur’an]]. Dalam babarapo ayat, kualitas Islam sabagai kapicayoan ditagehan: "Barangsiapo nan Allah mahandaki ka mambarikan kapadonyo patunjuak, niscayo Baliau malapangan dadonyo untuak (mamaluak agamo) Islam..."<ref>{{cite quran|6|125|style=ref}}, {{cite quran|61|7|style=ref}}, {{cite quran|39|22|style=ref}}</ref> Ayat lain mahubuangkan ''Islām'' jo ''[[Din (Istilah Arab)|dīn]]'' (lazimnyo ditajamahan sabagai "agamo"): "...Pado hari iko alah Den-sampurnakan untuak kalian agamo kalian, jo alah Den-cukuikan kapado kalian nikmaik-Den, jo alah Den-ridhoi Islam itu jadi agamo bagi kalian."<ref>{{cite quran|5|3|style=ref}}, {{cite quran|3|19|style=ref}}, {{cite quran|3|83|style=ref}}</ref> Namun masih ado nan lain nan manggambakan Islam itu sabagai tindakan baliak kapado Tuhan-labiah dari hanyo panyatoan pangesahan kaimanan.<ref>Caliak: * {{cite quran|9|74|style=ref}}, {{cite quran|49|14|style=ref}} * {{cite encyclopedia | title=Islam | encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online | author=L. Gardet | coauthors=J. Jomier | accessdate=2007-05-02}}</ref> == Kapicayoan jo Ajarannyo== Kapicayoan dasa Islam dapek ditamukan pado kalimah ''[[syahadat|shahādatāin]]'' ("duo kalimaik pasaksian"), iyolah "''asyhadu an-laa ilaaha illallaah, wa asyhadu anna muhammadan rasuulullaah''" - nan baarati "Ambo basaksi baso tiado sasambahan nan batua salain Allah, jo ambo basaksi baso Muhammad saw adolah utusan Allah". Esensinyo adolah prinsip [[Tauhid|kaasoan Tuhan]] dalam pabuatannyo dan paribadatan panganuiknyo, jo pangakuan tahadok kanabian [[Muhammad]]. Adopun bilo sasaurang mayakini jo kudian maucapkan duo kalimaik pasaksian iko, inyo dapek dianggap alah manjadi surang muslim dalam statuih sabagai [[mualaf]] (urang nan baru masuak Islam dari kapicayoan lamonyo). Kaum Muslim picayo baso Allah mangutuih Muhammad sabagai [[Panutuik Para Nabi|Nabi taakhia]] salapeh diutuihnyo [[Isa|Nabi Isa]] 6 abaik sabalunnyo. Agamo Islam picayo baso [[al-Qur'an]] jo [[Sunnah]] (satiok kato jo tindakan Muhammad) sabagai sumber hukum jo paraturan hiduik nan fundamental.<ref>Caliak: * Esposito (1996), p.41 * Ghamidi (2001): [http://www.renaissance.com.pk/JulRefl2y6.html Sources of Islam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130614041859/http://www.renaissance.com.pk/JulRefl2y6.html |date=2013-06-14 }}</ref> Mareka indak maanggap Muhammad sabagai pangasas agamo baru, malainkan sabagai panaruih jo pambaharu kapicayoan monoteistik nan diturunkan kapado [[Musa]], [[Isa]], jo [[Para nabi jo rasul dalam Islam|nabi]] dek Tuhan nan samo. Islam managehan baso agamo [[Yahudi]] jo [[Kristen]] balakangan sasudah painyo para nabinyo alah mambelokan wahyu nan Tuhan agiah kapado nabi-nabi iko jo mangubah teks dalam kitab suci, maagiah intepretasi palsu, ataupun kaduo-duonyo.<ref name="Distorted">Caliak: * Accad (2003): According to Ibn Taymiya, although only some Muslims accept the textual veracity of the entire Bible, most Muslims will grant the veracity of most of it. * Esposito (1998), pp.6,12 * Esposito (2002b), pp.4-5 * F. E. Peters (2003), p.9 * {{cite encyclopedia | title=Muhammad | encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam Online | author=F. Buhl | coauthors=A. T. Welch | accessdate=2007-05-02}} * {{cite encyclopedia | title=Tahrif | encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam Online | author=Hava Lazarus-Yafeh | accessdate=2007-05-02}}</ref> Umaik Islam juo mayakini [[Al-Qur'an]] nan disampaikan dek Allah kapado [[Muhammad]], malalui parantaro [[Malaikat Jibril]] adolah sempurna jo indak ado karaguan di dalamnyo. Di dalam al-Qur'an Allah juo alah bajanji ka manjago kaotentikan [[Al-Quran|al-Qur'an]] hinggo akhia zaman. Adopun sabagaimano dinyatokan dalam [[Al-Qur'an]], umaik Islam juo diwajibkan untuak baiman jo mayakini kabanaran kitab suci jo firman-Nyo nan diturunkan sabalun Al-Qur'an ([[Zabur]], [[Taurat]], [[Injil]] jo suhuf para nabi-nabi nan lain) malalui nabi jo rasul tadahulu sabalun Muhammad.<ref>Lihat: * {{cite quran|2|4|style=ref}}</ref> Umaik Islam juo picayo baso salain Al-Qur'an, saluruah firman Allah tadahulu alah mangalami parubahan dek manusia. Mangacu pado kalimaik di ateh, mako umaik Islam mayakini baso Al-Qur'an adolah satu-satunyo kitab Allah nan sabana asli jo sabagai panyempurna kitab-kitab sabalunnyo. Umaik Islam mayakini baso agamo nan dianuik dek saluruah nabi jo rasul utusan Allah sajak maso Adam adolah ciek agamo nan samo jo ciek Tuhan nan samo([[tauhid]]), jo damikian tantu sajo Ibrahim juo manganuik katauhidan sacaro hanif (murni) nan manjadikannyo surang [[muslim]].<ref>Caliak: * {{cite quran|2|130|style=ref}}</ref><ref>Surah Yunus 10:72 "...dan aku disuruh supaya aku termasuk golongan orang-orang nan berserah diri (Muslim)."</ref> Pandangan iko malatakan Islam basamo agamo [[Yahudi]] jo [[Kristen]] dalam rumpun agamo nan mampicayoi Nabi Ibrahim as. Di dalam al-Qur'an, panganuik Yahudi jo Kristen acok direferensikan sabagai [[Ahli Kitab]] atau urang-urang nan dibari kitab. === Rukun Iman === {{utama|Rukun Iman}} Muslim picayo jo [[Rukun Iman]] nan tadiri dari 6 parkaro yaitu: # Iman kapado '''[[Allah]]''' # Iman kapado '''[[malaikat]] Allah''' # Iman kapado '''[[Kitab Allah|Kitab Allāh]] ([[Al-Qur'an]], [[Injil]], [[Taurat]], [[Zabur]] jo suhuf)''' # Iman kapado '''[[nabi]] jo [[rasul]] Allah''' # Iman kapado '''[[Yaumul Qiyamah|hari akhia]]''' # Iman kapado '''[[qada]] jo [[qadar]]''' ====Allah==== {{utama|Allah|Tuhan dalam Islam}} [[Berkas:Allah-green.svg|thumb|upright|Kaligrafi [[Allah]] dalam bahaso Arab]] Konsep teologi dalam Islam iolah ''[[tauhid]]''-picayo baso hanyo ado ciek [[Tuhan]]. Istilah Arab untuak Tuhan iolah ''Allāh''; kabanyakan ilmuwan picayo inyo didapek dari panyingkekan kato ''[[al-]]'' (nan/itu) jo ''{{transl|ar|ISO|[[ilah|ʾilāh]]}}'' (tuhan), bamakasuik "Tuhan" (''{{transl|ar|ISO|al-ilāh}}''), namun nan lain manalusuri asa usuanyo dari kato bahaso Aram ''Alāhā''.<ref>Caliak: * "Islam and Christianity", ''Encyclopedia of Christianity'' (2001): [[Orang Yahudi]] dan [[Kristian]] berbahasa Arab juga merujuk kepada Tuhan dengan nama ''Allāh''. * {{cite encyclopedia | title=Allah | encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online | author=L. Gardet | accessdate=2007-05-02}}</ref> Banso bukan Arab mungkin manggunokan namo lain untuak Allah, sarupo "Tanrı" dalam [[bahaso Turki]] atau "Khodā" dalam [[bahaso Persia|Persia]]. Tatapi kasahannyo bapulang pado [[Al-Qur'an]] dan [[Sunnah]]. Kapicayoan kapado Allah juo marupoan sabagian dari [[Rukun Islam]], di mano tauhid diucapkan dalam ''[[syahadaik]]'' (pangakuan), jo mangisyaraikan baso: <blockquote>"Tiado sasambahan nan batua salain Allah jo Muhammad iolah rasul Allah."</blockquote> Dalam teologi tradisi Islam, Allah itu tak nampak dek manusia; Muslim indak paralu mambayangkan Allah karano indak ado nan sarupo jo-Nyo, hanyo mamuja jo sujuik padoNyo sabagai pancipta alam. Mareka picayo [[makno hiduik|tujuan ado di dunia]] iolah untuak [[manyambah]] Tuhan.<ref name="patheos1"/> Qur'an kadangkalo manyabuik Allah jo namo atau sipaik lain, umpamo ''al-Rahman'', bamakno "Maha Pangasiah" jo ''al-Rahim'', bamakno "Maha Panyayang" (lihat [[Asmaul Husna]]).<ref name="Ben">{{Cite book |author=David Bentley |coauthors= |title=The 99 Beautiful Names for God for All the People of the Book |publisher=William Carey Library |year=1999 |month=September |isbn=0-87808-299-9}}</ref> Allah dihuraikan dalam surah 112 al-Qur'an sebagai:<ref>Caliak: * {{Cite quran|112|1|end=4|style=ref}} * Esposito (2002b), m/s. 74–76 * Esposito (2004), m/s. 22 * Griffith (2006), m/s. 248 * {{Cite encyclopedia | title=Allah, Tawhid | encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Britannica Online | author=D. Gimaret | accessdate=2007-05-02}}</ref> <blockquote>"Baliaulah Allah Nan Maha Aso; Allah, Nan Kaka, Mutlak; Baliau tiado baanak jo Baliau pulo indak diparanakkan; Jo indak ado siapopun nan sarupo joNyo." ({{cite quran|112|1-4|style=nosup|expand=no}})</blockquote> Dek itulah Muslim manulak konsep [[Tritunggal]] Kristen, jo mambandiangkannyo kapado politeisme.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | title=Tathlith, Trinity | encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an Online | author=David Thomas | accessdate=2007-05-11}}</ref> ==== Kitab ==== {{utama|Kitab|Al-Qur'an}} {{Caliak pulo|Sijarah al-Qur'an}} [[file:FirstSurahKoran.jpg|right|thumb|[[Surah Al-Fatihah|Surah partamo]] dalam manuskrip al-Qur'an dek [[Khattat Aziz Efendi]]]] Muslim picayo baso ado babarapo kitab suci nan diturunkan Allah pado nabi-nabinyo, jo [[al-Qur'an]] sabagai kitab taakhia. Mareka juo picayo kanduangan kitab-kitab sabalun al-Quran, ''[[Taurat]]'' jo ''[[Injil]]'', alah diubah dari segi tafsiran, teks, atau kaduonyo.<ref name="Distorted" /> Muslim manganggap al-Qur'an sabagai firman Allah nan bana; inyo adolah padoman Islam nan utamo nan baturunan dalam bahaso Arab.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Qur'an |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Britannica Online |accessdate=2007-05-17}}</ref> Muslim picayo baso ayat Al-Qur'an alah diwahyukan kapado Nabi Muhammad SAW dek Allah malalui malaikat [[Jibril]] pado banyak paristiwa antaro 610 jo wafaiknyo bagindo pado 8 Juni [[632]]. Al-Qur'an dikabakan alah ditulih dek [[sahabat Nabi]] samaso bagindo masih hiduik, namun caro utamo panyampaian iolah malalui lisan. Inyo alah disusun pado zaman [[khalifah]] partamo [[Abu Bakar as-Siddiq]], jo alah distandarisasi di bawah pamarintahan khalifah katigo [[Usman bin Affan]]. Al-Qur'an tabagi dalam 114 [[surah Quran|surah]], atau bab, nan apobilo digabuangkan, tadiri dari 6,236 ''[[ayat al-Quran|ayat]]''. Surah labiah awal sacaro kronologinyo, diturunkan di Makkah, nan barisi bahasan etika jo karohanian. Surah Madaniyyah barikuiknyo kabanyakan mambicarokan isu sosial jo moral nan bakaitan jo masyarakaik Muslim.<ref>caliak: * {{cite encyclopedia | title=Islam | encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Britannica Online | accessdate=2007-05-17}} * {{cite encyclopedia | title=Qur'an | encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Britannica Online | accessdate=2007-05-17}} </ref> Al-Qur'an labiah manakankan panduan moral daripado ajaran hukum, jo dianggap "buku sumber prinsip jo nilai Islam".<ref>Esposito (2004), m/s. 79</ref> Pakar hukum Muslim marujuak ''[[hadith]]'', atau catatan batulih kahidupan Nabi Muhammad SAW, sabagai tambahan kapado al-Qur'an jo untuak mambantu manafsirkannyo. Ulasan jo takwil al-Qur'an dikataui sabagai ''[[tafsir]]''.<ref>Caliak: * Esposito (2004), m/s. 79–81 * {{cite encyclopedia | title=Tafsir | encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Britannica Online | accessdate=2007-05-17}}</ref> Pakatoan ''Qur'an'' bamakasuik "pangucapan". Katiko Muslim babicara sacaro abstrak manganai al-Qur'an, mareka biasonyo marujuak kitab suci nan dibaco dalam bahaso Arab daripado karya nan dicetak atau apopun tajamahannyo. Bagi Muslim, al-Qur'an hanyo sempurna kok diturunkan dalam bahaso Arab asli; tajamahan dianggap kurang tapek dek sabab pabedoan bahaso, kasalahan dalma panajamahan jo suliknyo mamaliharo kanduangan nan asli. Dek itulah tajamahan hanyo dianggap sabagai ulasan tahadok al-Qur'an, bukan co al-Qur'an itu surang.<ref>Caliak: * Teece (2003), m/s. 12,13 * C. Turner (2006), m/s. 42 * {{cite encyclopedia | title=Qur'an | encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam Online | accessdate=2007-05-02}}: Perkataan ''Qur'an'' dicipta dan mula digunakan oleh al-Quran sendiri. Terdapat [[al-Quran#Etimologi|dua teori berbeza]] mengenai istilah ini dan pembentukannya.</ref> ====Hari Akhia==== ====Takadia (Qada jo Qadar)==== === Rukun Islam === {{utama|Rukun Islam}} [[Berkas:Arabic Plaque, Great Mosque, Xian.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Syahadaik]]'' ditulih pado bagian di [[Musajik Agung Xi'an]], [[China]]]] [[Berkas:Kaaba mirror edit jj.jpg|thumb|right|[[Ka'bah]], tampek malakukan tawaf dalam ibadah [[haji]] jo kiblat umaik Islam]] Limo [[Rukun Islam]] ({{lang-ar|اركان الدين}}) adolah limo amalan utamo dalam Islam Sunni (Ahlus Sunnah wal Jamaah), jo limo konsep dasa panarimoan agamo bagi Islam Syiah.<ref>Lihat: * Momem (1987), m/s. 178 * {{Cite encyclopedia | title=Pillars of Islam | encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Britannica Online | accessdate=2007-05-02}}</ref> Rukun Islam bagi Muslim Sunni iolah: # '''''[[Syahadaik]]''''' ({{lang|ar|الشهادة}}), iyolah pamahaman asas ajaran Islam: <br><blockquote>اشهد ان لا اله الا الله اشهد ان محمدا رسول الله <br> Ambo basaksi tiado Tuhan salain Allah jo ambo basaksi baso Muhammad adolah rasul Allah</blockquote> Pajanjian iko adolah asas untuak sado kapicayoan jo amalan lain dalam Islam. Muslim patuik mangulangi ''syahadaik'' iko dalam solat, jo non-Muslim nan nio masuak Islam paralu mangucap kalimaik iko.<ref>Caliak: * Farah (1994), m/s. 135 * Momen (1987), m/s. 178 * "Islam", ''Encyclopedia of Religious Rites, Rituals, and Festivals''(2004)</ref> # '''''[[Salat]]''''' ({{lang|ar|صلاة‎}}), atau amalan sumbahyang, wajib dilakukan limo kali sahari. Satiok solat paralu manghadok [[Ka'bah]] di Makkah. Di kabanyakan nagara Muslim, panando wakatu salat nan disabuik [[Azan jo Iqamat|Azan]] disiarkan sacaro umum dari musajik satampek pado maso nan basasuaian. # '''''[[Puaso]]''''' ({{lang|ar|صوم}}), iyolah bapuaso pado bulan [[Ramadan]]. Muslim indak buliah makan atau minum dari subuah hinggo sanjo pado bulan iko, jo musti manjago diri dari pabuatan doso. # '''''[[Zakaik]]''''' ({{lang|ar|زكاة}}), atau [[sadakah|pambarian sadakah]]. Zakaik iko wajib untuak sado Muslim nan mampu, badasakan pado kakayoan nan dipunyo. Bagian nan ditantukan digunokan untuak mambantu nan musikin jo nan mamaraluannyo, sarato untuak mambantu manyebarkan Islam. # '''''[[Haji]]''''' ({{lang|ar|حج}}), iyolah ziarah samaso [[Takwim Hijrah|bulan]] [[Zulhijjah]] ka koto [[Makkah al-Mukarramah|Makkah]]. Satiok Muslim nan mampu (dari segi badan jo harato) wajib manunaikan haji sakurang-kurangnyo sakali saumua hiduiknyo. Manuruik Muslim Syiah, limo asas Islam iolah:<ref>Mulla Bashir Rahim, ''[http://www.al-islam.org/begin/intro/rahim.html An Introduction to Islam]'', oleh [[Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project]]</ref> #'''[[Tauhid]]''', [[Tuhan]] itu aso jo unik. #'''[[Kaadilan]]''', konsep kabanaran moral balandehkan etika, kaadilan, jo kasamoan, basamo jo hukuman jiko dilangga. #'''[[Hari Kiamaik]]''', panilaian taakhia Tuhan tahadok manusia. #'''[[Kanabian]]''', caro Tuhan mangirim utusan, atau [[nabi]], untuak mambimbiang manusia. #'''[[Imamah]]''', institusi nan mawarisi institusi kanabian. Limo rukun asas iko diikuti jo sapuluah subrukun: '''1.'''''[[Salat]]''; '''2.'''''[[Puaso]]''; '''3.'''''[[Haji]]''; '''4.'''''[[Zakaik]]''; '''5.'''''[[Jihad]]''; '''6.'''''[[Amar makruf nahi mungkar|Amar ma'ruf]]''; '''7.'''''[[Amar makruf nahi mungkar|Nahi munkar]]''; '''8.'''''[[Khums|Ciek Parlimo]]''; '''9.'''''[[Tawalla]]''; '''10.'''''[[Tabarra]]''. == Sijarah == == Mazhab == == Demografi == == Hari Rayo dalam Islam == == Tampek Ibadah == {{utama|Musajik}} Tampek [[ibadat]] umaik [[Muslim]] disabuik [[musajik]] atau masajik. Ibadah nan biaso dilakukan di Masajik antaro lain [[salat bajama'ah]], caramah agamo, parayaan hari gadang, diskusi agamo, baraja [[mangaji]] (mambaco [[Al-Qur'an]]) jo lain sabagainyo. Bantuak lain dari masajik adolah mushalla, langgar, atau surau, nan biasonyo punyo sabuah kaum. == Budayo Islam == == Caliak pulo == {{Portal|Islam}} * [[Agamo]] & [[Din]] * [[Rabb|Ar-Rabb]] , [[Malik|Al-Malik]] , [[Ilah]] * [[99 Asma Allah|Asma'ul Husna]] * [[Basuci dari hadas]] * [[Cendekiawan Muslim]] * [[Daftar topik agama Islam]] * [[Hari Asyura]] * [[Hidayatullah]] * [[Isra' Mi'raj]] * [[Jihad]] * [[Kamurtadan]] * [[Nabi Islam]] * [[Perbankan syariah]] * [[Puaso]] * [[Rasulullah]] * [[Salat]] * [[Seni rupa Islam]] * [[Shiratal Mustaqim]] * [[Sunni]] & [[Syi'ah]] * [[Ulama]] * [[Waktu haram puasa]] * [[Salafus Shalih]] * [[Sijarah Islam di Indonesia]] {{Topik Islam}} == Rujuakan == <div class="reflist4" style="height: 250px; overflow: auto; padding: 3px noprint" > {{reflist|3}} </div> == Bacoan lanjuik == {{refbegin|2}} === Buku jo jurnal === * {{cite journal | last=Accad | first=Martin | title=The Gospels in the Muslim Discourse of the Ninth to the Fourteenth Centuries: An Exegetical Inventorial Table (Part I) | journal=Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations | volume=14 | issue=1 | date=2003 | id=ISSN 0959-6410}} * {{cite book | last=Adil | first=Hajjah Amina | coauthors=Shaykh Nazim Adil Al-Haqqani, Shaykh Muhammad Hisham Kabbani | title=Muhammad: The Messenger of Islam | publisher=Islamic Supreme Council of America | year=2002 | id=ISBN 978-1-930409-11-8}} * {{cite book | last=Ahmed | first=Akbar | title=Islam Today: A Short Introduction to the Muslim World | publisher=I. B. Tauris | edition=2.00 | year=1999 | id=ISBN 978-1-86064-257-9}} * {{cite book | last=Brockopp | first=Jonathan E. | title=Islamic Ethics of Life: abortion, war and euthanasia | publisher=University of South Carolina press | year=2003 | id=ISBN 1-57003-471-0}} * {{cite book | last=Cohen-Mor | first=Dalya | title=A Matter of Fate: The Concept of Fate in the Arab World as Reflected in Modern Arabic Literature | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=2001 | id=ISBN 0-19-513398-6}} * {{cite book | last=Curtis | first=Patricia A. | year=2005 | title=A Guide to Food Laws and Regulations | url=https://archive.org/details/guidetofoodlawsr0000curt | publisher=Blackwell Publishing Professional | id=ISBN 978-0-8138-1946-4}} * {{cite book | last=Eglash | first=Ron | year=1999 | title=African Fractals: Modern Computing and Indigenous Design | publisher=Rutgers University Press | id=ISBN 0-8135-2614-0}} * {{cite book | last=Ernst | first=Carl | authorlink=Carl Ernst | year=2004 | title = Following Muhammad: Rethinking Islam in the Contemporary World | url=https://archive.org/details/followingmuhamma0005erns | publisher=University of North Carolina Press | id=ISBN 0-8078-5577-4}} * {{cite book | last=Esposito | first=John | authorlink=John Esposito | coauthors=John Obert Voll | title=Islam and Democracy | year=1996 | | publisher=Oxford University Press | id=ISBN 0-19-510816-7}} * {{cite book | last=Esposito | first=John | authorlink=John Esposito | title=Islam: The Straight Path | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=1998 | edition=3rd | id=ISBN 978-0-19-511234-4}} * {{cite book | last=Esposito | first=John | authorlink=John Esposito | coauthors=Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad | title=Muslims on the Americanization Path? | url=https://archive.org/details/muslimsonamerica00yvon | year=2000a | publisher=Oxford University Press | id=ISBN 0-19-513526-1}} * {{cite book | last=Esposito | first=John | authorlink=John Esposito | year=2000b | title=Oxford History of Islam | publisher=Oxford University Press | id=978-0195107999}} * {{cite book | last=Esposito | first=John | authorlink=John Esposito | year=2002a | title=Unholy War: Terror in the Name of Islam | url=https://archive.org/details/unholywarterrori0000espo_h9s9 | publisher=Oxford University Press | id=ISBN 978-0-19-516886-0}} * {{cite book | last=Esposito | first=John | authorlink=John Esposito | year=2002b | title=What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam | url=https://archive.org/details/whateveryoneneed0000espo | publisher=Oxford University Press | id=ISBN 0-19-515713-3}} * {{cite book | last=Esposito | first=John | authorlink=John Esposito | title=[[The Oxford Dictionary of Islam]] | publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] | year=2003 | id=ISBN 0-19-512558-4}} * {{cite book | last=Esposito | first=John | authorlink=John Esposito | title=Islam: The Straight Path | url=https://archive.org/details/islamstraightpat0001espo | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=2004 | edition=3rd Rev Upd | id=ISBN 978-0-19-518266-8}} * {{cite book | last=Farah | first=Caesar | authorlink=Caesar E. Farah | title=Islam: Beliefs and Observances | publisher=Barron's Educational Series | year=1994 | edition=5th | id=ISBN 978-0-8120-1853-0}} * {{cite book | last=Farah | first=Caesar | authorlink=Caesar E. Farah | title=Islam: Beliefs and Observances | publisher=Barron's Educational Series | year=2003 | edition=7th | id=ISBN 978-0-7641-2226-2}} * {{cite book | last=Firestone | first=Rueven | title=Jihad: The Origin of Holy War in Islam | url=https://archive.org/details/jihadoriginofhol0000fire | publisher= Oxford University Press | year=1999 | id=ISBN 0-19-512580-0}} * {{cite book | last=Friedmann | first=Yohanan | authorlink=Yohanan Friedmann | title=Tolerance and Coercion in Islam: Interfaith Relations in the Muslim Tradition | publisher= Cambridge University Press | year=2003 | id=ISBN 978-0-521-02699-4}} * {{cite book | last=Ghamidi | first=Javed | authorlink=Javed Ahmed Ghamidi | title=[[Mizan]] | publisher=[[Al-Mawrid|Dar al-Ishraq]] | year=2001 | id={{OCLC|52901690}}}} * {{cite book | last=Goldschmidt, Jr. | first=Arthur | coauthors=Lawrence Davidson | title=A Concise History of the Middle East | publisher=Westview Press | year=2005 | edition=8th | id=ISBN 978-0-8133-4275-7}} * {{cite book | last=Griffith | first=Ruth Marie | coauthors=Barbara Dianne Savage | title=Women and Religion in the African Diaspora: Knowledge, Power, and Performance | url=https://archive.org/details/womenreligionina0000unse_t8y4 | publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press | year=2006 | id=ISBN 0-8018-8370-9}} * {{cite book | last=Hawting| first=G. R. | authorlink= G.R. Hawting | title=The First Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyad Caliphate AD 661–750 | url=https://archive.org/details/firstdynastyofis0000hawt| publisher=Routledge | year=2000 | id=ISBN 0-415-24073-5}} * {{cite book | last=Hedayetullah | first=Muhammad | title=Dynamics of Islam: An Exposition | publisher=Trafford Publishing | year=2006 | id=ISBN 978-1-55369-842-5}} * {{cite book | last=Holt | first=P. M. | coauthors=[[Bernard Lewis]] | title=Cambridge History of Islam, Vol. 1 | year=1977a | publisher=Cambridge University Press | id=ISBN 0-521-29136-4}} * {{cite book | last=Holt | first=P. M. | coauthors=Ann K. S. Lambton, [[Bernard Lewis]] | title=Cambridge History of Islam, Vol. 2 | year=1977b | publisher=Cambridge University Press | id=ISBN 0-521-29137-2}} * {{cite book | last=Hourani | first=Albert | authorlink=Albert Hourani | coauthor=[[Malise Ruthven|Ruthven, Malise]] | title=A History of the Arab Peoples | year=2003 | publisher=Belknap Press; Revised edition | id=ISBN 978-0-674-01017-8}} * {{cite book | last=Humphreys | first=Stephen | title=Between Memory and Desire | url=https://archive.org/details/betweenmemorydes0000hump_h5k7 | year=2005 | publisher=University of California Press | id=ISBN 0-520-24691-8}} * {{cite book | last=Kobeisy | first=Ahmed Nezar | title=Counseling American Muslims: Understanding the Faith and Helping the People | url=https://archive.org/details/counselingameric0000kobe | publisher=Praeger Publishers | year=2004 | id=ISBN 978-0-313-32472-7}} * {{cite book | last=Koprulu | first=Mehmed Fuad | coauthors=Leiser, Gary | title=The Origins of the Ottoman Empire | publisher=SUNY Press | year=1992 | id=ISBN 0-7914-0819-1}} * {{cite book | last=Kramer | first=Martin | title=Shi'Ism, Resistance, and Revolution | publisher=Westview Press | year=1987 | id=ISBN 978-0-8133-0453-3}} * {{cite book | last=Kugle | first=Scott Alan | title=Rebel Between Spirit And Law: Ahmad Zarruq, Sainthood, And Authority in Islam | publisher=Indiana University Press| year=2006 | id=ISBN 0-253-34711-4}} * {{cite book | last=Lapidus| first=Ira | title=A History of Islamic Societies | url=https://archive.org/details/historyofislamic0000lapi_t2d2| publisher=Cambridge University Press | year=2002 | edition=2nd | id=ISBN 978-0-521-77933-3}} * {{cite book | last=Lewis | first=Bernard | authorlink=Bernard Lewis | title=The Jews of Islam | publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul | year=1984 | id=ISBN 0-7102-0462-0}} * {{cite book | last=Lewis | first=Bernard | authorlink=Bernard Lewis | title=The Arabs in History | url=https://archive.org/details/arabsinhistory0000bern | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=1993 | id=ISBN 0-19-285258-2}} * {{cite book | last=Lewis | first=Bernard | authorlink=Bernard Lewis | title=The Middle East | url=https://archive.org/details/middleeastbriefh0000lewi_o6l1 | publisher=Scribner | year=1997 | id=ISBN 978-0-684-83280-7}} * {{cite book | last=Lewis | first=Bernard | authorlink=Bernard Lewis | title=Islam in History: Ideas, People, and Events in the Middle East | publisher=Open Court | edition=2nd | year=2001 | id=ISBN 978-0-8126-9518-2}} * {{cite book | last=Lewis | first=Bernard | authorlink=Bernard Lewis | title=What Went Wrong?: The Clash Between Islam and Modernity in the Middle East | url=https://archive.org/details/whatwentwrongcl00lewi | publisher=Harper Perennial | edition=Reprint | year=2003 | id=ISBN 978-0-06-051605-5}} * {{cite book | last=Lewis | first=Bernard | authorlink=Bernard Lewis | title=The Crisis of Islam: Holy War and Unholy Terror | url=https://archive.org/details/crisisofislamhol00lewi | publisher=Random House, Inc., New York | year=2004 | id=ISBN 978-0-8129-6785-2}} * {{cite book | last=Madelung | first=Wilferd | authorlink=Wilferd Madelung | title=The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate | url=https://archive.org/details/successiontomuam0000made | publisher=Cambridge University Press | year=1996 | id=ISBN 0-521-64696-0}} * {{cite book | last=Malik| first=Jamal| coauthors=John R Hinnells, Inc NetLibrary | title=Sufism in the West | publisher= Routledge | year=2006 | id=ISBN 0-415-27408-7}} * {{cite book | last=Menski | first=Werner F. | title=Comparative Law in a Global Context: The Legal Systems of Asia and Africa | url=https://archive.org/details/comparativelawin0000mens | publisher=Cambridge University Press | year=2006 | id=ISBN 0-521-85859-3}} * {{cite journal | last=Mohammad | first=Noor | title=The Doctrine of Jihad: An Introduction | journal=Journal of Law and Religion | volume=3 | issue=2 | date=1985}} * {{cite book | last=Momen | first=Moojan | title=An Introduction to Shi`i Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shi`ism | publisher=Yale University Press | year=1987 | id=ISBN 978-0-300-03531-5}} * {{cite book | last=Nasr | first=Seyed Muhammad | title=Our Religions: The Seven World Religions Introduced by Preeminent Scholars from Each Tradition (Chapter 7) | publisher=HarperCollins | year=1994| id=ISBN 0-06-067700-7}} * {{cite journal | last=Novak | first=David | title=The Mind of Maimonides | journal=[[First Things]] |date=February 1999}} * {{cite book | last=Parrinder | first=Geoffrey | authorlink=Geoffrey Parrinder | title=World Religions: From Ancient History to the Present | publisher=Hamlyn Publishing Group Limited | year=1971 | id=ISBN 0-87196-129-6}} * {{cite journal | last=Patton | first=Walter M. | title=The Doctrine of Freedom in the Korân | journal=The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures |date=April 1900 | volume=16 | issue=3 | publisher=Brill Academic Publishers | id=ISBN 90-04-10314-7}} * {{cite journal | last=Peters | first=F. E. | authorlink=F. E. Peters | title=The Quest for Historical Muhammad | journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies | date=1991}} * {{cite book | last=Peters | first=F. E. | authorlink=F. E. Peters | title=Islam: A Guide for Jews and Christians | url=https://archive.org/details/islamguideforjew00fepe | publisher=Princeton University Press | year=2003 | id=ISBN 0-691-11553-2}} * {{cite book | last=Peters | first=Rudolph | authorlink=Rudolph Peters | title=Jihad in Medieval and Modern Islam | publisher=Brill Academic Publishers | year=1977 | id = ISBN 90-04-04854-5}} * {{cite book | last=Ruthven | first=Malise | title=Fundamentalism: The Search for Meaning | url=https://archive.org/details/fundamentalismse0000mali | publisher= Oxford University Press | year=2005 | id = ISBN 0-19-280606-8}} * {{cite book | last=Sahas | first=Daniel J. | title=John of Damascus on Islam: The Heresy of the Ishmaelites | publisher=Brill Academic Publishers | year=1997 | id=ISBN 978-90-04-03495-2}} * {{cite book | last=[[Abdulaziz Sachedina|Sachedina]] | first=Abdulaziz | title=The Just Ruler in Shi'ite Islam: The Comprehensive Authority of the Jurist in Imamite Jurisprudence | publisher=Oxford University Press US | year=1998 | id=ISBN 0-19-511915-0}} * {{cite journal | last=Seibert | first=Robert F. | title=Review: Islam and the West: The Making of an Image (Norman Daniel)| journal=Review of Religious Research | date=1994 | volume=36 | issue=1}} * {{cite book | last=Sells | first=Michael Anthony | authorlink=Michael Anthony Sells | coauthors=Emran Qureshi | title=The New Crusades: Constructing the Muslim Enemy | publisher=Columbia University Press | year=2003 | id=ISBN 0-231-12667-0}} * {{cite book | last=Smith | first=Jane I. | title=The Islamic Understanding of Death and Resurrection | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=2006 | id=ISBN 978-0-19-515649-2}} * {{cite book | last=Spencer | first=Robert | title=The Myth of Islamic Tolerance: How Islamic Law Treats Non-Muslims | url=https://archive.org/details/mythofislamictol00spen | publisher=Prometheus Books | year=2005 | id=ISBN 978-1-59102-249-7}} * {{cite book | last=Stillman | first=Norman | authorlink=Norman Stillman | title=The Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Source Book | url=https://archive.org/details/jewsofarablands00stil | publisher=Jewish Publication Society of America | location=Philadelphia | year=1979 | id=ISBN 1-82760-198-1}} * {{cite book | last=Tabatabae | first=Sayyid Mohammad Hosayn | coauthors=Seyyed Hossein Nasr (translator) | authorlink=Allameh Tabatabaei | title= Shi'ite Islam | publisher=Suny press| year=1979 | id=ISBN 0-87395-272-3}} * {{cite book | last=Tabatabae | first=Sayyid Mohammad Hosayn | coauthors=R. Campbell (translator) | authorlink=Allameh Tabatabaei | title= Islamic teachings: An Overview and a Glance at the Life of the Holy Prophet of Islam | publisher=Green Gold | year=2002 | id=ISBN 0-922817-00-6}} * {{cite book | last=Teece | first=Geoff | title=Religion in Focus: Islam | publisher=Franklin Watts Ltd | year=2003 | id=ISBN 978-0-7496-4796-4}} * {{cite book | last=Trimingham| first=John Spencer | title=The Sufi Orders in Islam | url=https://archive.org/details/sufiordersinisla0000trim_x5k7| publisher=Oxford University Press | year=1998| id=ISBN 0-19-512058-2}} * {{cite book | last=Tritton | first=Arthur S. | authorlink=Arthur Stanley Tritton| title=The Caliphs and their Non-Muslim Subjects: A Critical Study of the Covenant of Umar | publisher=Frank Cass Publisher | location=London | year=1970 |origyear = 1930 | id=ISBN 0-7146-1996-5}} * {{cite book | last=Turner | first=Colin | title=Islam: the Basics | url=https://archive.org/details/islambasics0000turn | publisher=Routledge (UK) | year=2006 | id=ISBN 0-415-34106-X}} * {{cite book | last=Turner | first=Bryan S. | title=Weber and Islam | url=https://archive.org/details/weberislam0001turn | publisher=Routledge (UK) | year=1998 | id=ISBN 0-415-17458-9}} * {{cite book | last=Waines | first=David | title=An Introduction to Islam | url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontois0000wain_y8x7 | publisher=Cambridge University Press | year=2003 | id=ISBN 0-521-53906-4}} * {{cite book | last=Warraq | first=Ibn | title=The Quest for Historical Muhammad | url=https://archive.org/details/questforhistoric00ibnw | publisher=Prometheus | year=2000 | id=ISBN 978-1-57392-787-1}} * {{cite book | last=Warraq | first=Ibn | title=Leaving Islam: Apostates Speak Out | publisher=Prometheus | year=2003 | id=ISBN 1-59102-068-9}} * {{cite book | last=Watt | first=W. Montgomery | authorlink=William Montgomery Watt | title=The Formative Period of Islamic Thought | url=https://archive.org/details/formativeperiodo0000watt | publisher=University Press Edinburgh| year=1973 | id=ISBN 0-85-224254-X}} * {{cite book | last=Watt | first=W. Montgomery | authorlink=William Montgomery Watt | title=Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman | publisher=Oxford University Press | edition=New | year=1974 | id=ISBN 0-19-881078-4}} * {{cite book | last=Weiss | first=Bernard G. | title=Studies in Islamic Legal Theory | year=2002 | location=Boston | publisher=Brill Academic publishers | id=ISBN 90-04-12066-1}} * {{cite book | last=Williams | first=John Alden | title=The Word of Islam | year=1994 | publisher=University of Texas Press | id=ISBN 0-292-79076-7}} * {{cite book | last=Williams | first=Mary E. | title=The Middle East | url=https://archive.org/details/middleeastopposi00will | year=2000 | publisher=Greenhaven Pr | id=ISBN 0-7377-0133-1}} === Ensiklopedia === * {{cite encyclopedia | editor=William H. McNeill, Jerry H. Bentley, David Christian | encyclopedia=Berkshire Encyclopedia of World History | publisher=Berkshire Publishing Group | year=2005 | id=ISBN 978-0-9743091-0-1}} * {{cite encyclopedia | editor=Gabriel Oussani | encyclopedia=[[Catholic Encyclopedia]] | year=1910}} * {{cite encyclopedia | editor=Paul Lagasse, Lora Goldman, Archie Hobson, Susan R. Norton | encyclopedia=The Columbia Encyclopedia | publisher=Gale Group | year=2000 | edition=6th | id=ISBN 978-1-59339-236-9}} * {{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica Online|Encyclopaedia Britannica Online]] | publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.}} * {{cite encyclopedia | editor=Erwin Fahlbusch, William Geoffrey Bromiley | encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Christianity | publisher=Eerdmans Publishing Company, and Brill| year=2001 | edition=1st| id=ISBN 0-8028-2414-5}} * {{cite encyclopedia | editor=John Bowden | encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Christianity | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=2005 | edition=1st | id=ISBN 0-19-522393-4}} * {{cite encyclopedia | editor=George Thomas Kurian, Graham T. T. Molitor | encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of the Future | publisher=MacMillan Reference Books | year=1995 | id=ISBN 978-0-02-897205-3}} * {{cite encyclopedia | editor=P.J. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs | encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam Online]] | publisher=Brill Academic Publishers | id=ISSN 1573-3912}} * {{cite encyclopedia | editor=Richard C. Martin, Said Amir Arjomand, Marcia Hermansen, Abdulkader Tayob, Rochelle Davis, John Obert Voll | encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World | publisher=MacMillan Reference Books | year=2003 | id=ISBN 978-0-02-865603-8}} * {{cite encyclopedia | editor=Jane Dammen McAuliffe | encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an|Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an Online]] | publisher=Brill Academic Publishers}} * {{cite encyclopedia | editor=Lindsay Jones | encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Religion | publisher=MacMillan Reference Books | year=2005 | edition=2nd | id=ISBN 978-0-02-865733-2}} * {{cite encyclopedia | editor=Salamone Frank | encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Religious Rites, Rituals, and Festivals | publisher=Routledge | edition=1st | year=2004 | id=ISBN 978-0-415-94180-8}} * {{cite encyclopedia | editor=Peter N. Stearns | edition=6th | year=2000 | encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of World History Online | publisher=Bartleby}} * {{cite encyclopedia | editor=[[Josef W. Meri]] | encyclopedia=Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia | publisher=[[Routledge]] | year=2005 | id=ISBN 0-415-96690-6}} * {{cite encyclopedia | editor=[[Wendy Doniger]] | encyclopedia=Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions | publisher=[[Merriam-Webster]] | year=1999 | id=ISBN 0-87779-044-2}} * {{cite encyclopedia | editor=Glasse Cyril | encyclopedia=New Encyclopedia of Islam: A Revised Edition of the Concise Encyclopedia of Islam | | publisher=AltaMira Press | year=2003 | id=ISSN 978-0759101906}} * {{cite encyclopedia | editor=Edward Craig | encyclopedia=Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy | publisher=Routledge | year=1998 | edition=1st| id=ISBN 978-0-415-07310-3}} === Bacoan labiah lanjuik === * {{cite book | last=Arberry | first=A. J. | authorlink=A. J. Arberry | title=The Koran Interpreted: A Translation | url=https://archive.org/details/koraninterpreted00ajar | publisher=Touchstone | edition=1st | year=1996 | id=ISBN 978-0-684-82507-6}} * {{cite book | last=Hawting | first=Gerald R. | authorlink=Gerald R. Hawting | title=The First Dynasty of Islam: The Umayyard Caliphate AD 661–750 | url=https://archive.org/details/firstdynastyofis0000hawt | publisher=Routledge | year=2000 | id=ISBN 0-415-24072-7}} * {{cite book | last=Khan | first=Muhammad Muhsin | authorlink=Muhammad Muhsin Khan | coauthors=Al-Hilali Khan, Muhammad Taqi-ud-Din | title=Noble Quran | year=1999 | publisher=Dar-us-Salam Publications | edition=1st | id=ISBN 978-9960-740-79-9}} * {{cite book | last=Kramer (ed.) | first=Martin | authorlink=Martin Kramer | title=The Jewish Discovery of Islam: Studies in Honor of Bernard Lewis | publisher=Syracuse University | year=1999 | id=ISBN 978-965-224-040-8}} * {{cite book | last=Kuban | first=Dogan | title=Muslim Religious Architecture | publisher=Brill Academic Publishers | year=1974 | id=ISBN 90-04-03813-2}} * {{cite book | last=Lewis | first=Bernard | authorlink=Bernard Lewis | title=Islam in History: Ideas, People, and Events in the Middle East | url=https://archive.org/details/islaminhistoryid0000lewi | publisher=Open Court | year=1993 | id=ISBN 978-0-8126-9217-4}} * {{cite book | last=Lewis | first=Bernard | authorlink=Bernard Lewis | title=Islam and the West | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=1994 | id=ISBN 978-0-19-509061-1}} * {{cite book | last=Lewis | first=Bernard | authorlink=Bernard Lewis | title=Cultures in Conflict: Christians, Muslims, and Jews in the Age of Discovery | url=https://archive.org/details/culturesinconfli0000lewi | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=1996 | id=ISBN 978-0-19-510283-3}} * {{cite book | last=Mubarkpuri | first=Saifur-Rahman | title=[[The Sealed Nectar]]: Biography of the Prophet | publisher=Dar-us-Salam Publications | year=2002 | id=ISBN 978-1-59144-071-0}} * {{cite book | last=Najeebabadi | first=Akbar Shah | title=History of Islam | publisher=Dar-us-Salam Publications | year=2001 | id=ISBN 978-1-59144-034-5}} * {{cite book | last=Nigosian | first=S. A. | title=Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices | url=https://archive.org/details/islamitshistoryt0000nigo_j9b3 | publisher=Indiana University Press | year=2004 | edition=New Edition | id=ISBN 978-0-253-21627-4}} * {{cite book | last=Rahman | first=Fazlur | authorlink=Fazlur Rahman | title=Islam | url=https://archive.org/details/islam0000rahm_s0w9 | publisher=University of Chicago Press | year=1979 | edition=2nd | id=ISBN 0-226-70281-2}} * {{cite book | last=Walker | first=Benjamin | authorlink=Benjamin Walker | title=Foundations of Islam: The Making of a World Faith | url=https://archive.org/details/foundationsofisl0000walk | publisher=Peter Owen Publishers | year=1998 | id=ISBN 978-0-7206-1038-3}} {{refend}} == Pautan lua == {{Commons|Islam}} {{wikibooks|lang=id|{{PAGENAME}}}} * {{id}} [http://www.mui.or.id/ Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202065511/http://www.mui.or.id/ |date=2008-12-02 }} * {{id}} [http://www.HalalGuide.info/ Portal Informasi Halal & Ekonomi Syariah MUI - Halal Guide] * {{id}} [http://www.icmi.or.id/ Ikatan Cendekiawan Muslim Indonesia (ICMI)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216061314/http://www.icmi.or.id/ |date=2008-12-16 }} * {{id}} [http://alislamu.com/ Pusat Kajian Islam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130402192003/http://alislamu.com/ |date=2013-04-02 }} * {{id}} [http://www.sinaimesir.com/ Studi Informasi Alam Islami (SINAI)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111022134754/http://www.sinaimesir.com/ |date=2011-10-22 }} * {{id}} [http://www.bazisdki.go.id/ Badan Amil Zakat, Infak dan Sedekah (BAZIS) DKI Jakarta] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216061313/http://www.bazisdki.go.id/ |date=2008-12-16 }} * {{de}} [http://www.user.gwdg.de/~mriexin/euroislam.html Islam di Eropa Barat]{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{id}} [http://muslim.punya.web.id/ Ensiklopedia Islam]{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * {{id}} [http://media-islam.or.id/ Media Islam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130325105852/http://media-islam.or.id/ |date=2013-03-25 }} {{ANT}} [[Kategori:Islam| ]] 7kwcd2gbd865mf5hzptx12dd7o52n52 Kabupaten Dharmasraya 0 333 3351888 3346442 2026-08-13T12:56:10Z Adhmi 7359 3351888 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ANT}} {{Dati2 | settlement_type = Kabupaten | translit_lang1_type = [[Jawi]] Minang | nama = Kabupaten Dharmasraya | julukan = Ranah Cati nan Tigo | translit_lang1_info = ضارمسراي |foto = Kantor Bupati Darmasraya.jpg|center |caption = <center>Kantor Bupati Darmasraya</center> | propinsi = [[Sumatera Barat]] | ibukota = [[Pulau Punjung, Dharmasraya|Pulau Punjung]] | luas = 2961,13 | luasref = <ref name="BPS-KpdtPdk"/> | penduduk = 228591 | penduduktahun = [[2021]] | pendudukref = <ref name="BPS-KpdtPdk">{{cite web|url =https://dharmasrayakab.bps.go.id/publication/2021/02/26/a7f3a90cf2a018f17214a145/kabupaten-dharmasraya-dalam-angka-2021.html|title= Kabupaten Dharmasraya Dalam Angka 2021|website=www.dharmasrayakab.bps.go.id|publisher =BPS Kabupaten Dharmasraya|accessdate=17 April 2021|pages=6, 56|format=pdf}}</ref> | kepadatan = 77 | kecamatan = 11 | nagari = 52 | agama = [[Islam]] 98,36%<br/> [[Kristen]] 1,62%<br/>- [[Protestan]] 1,40%<br/>- [[Katolik]] 0,22%<br/> Kapicayoan 0,02%<ref name="DUKCAPIL">{{cite web|url=https://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/|title=Visualisasi Data Kependudukan - Kementerian Dalam Negeri 2021|website=www.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id|accessdate=6 Desember 2021|format=Visual|archive-date=2021-08-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805043517/http://gis.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id/peta/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> | kodearea = 0754 | motto = Tau jo nan ampek<br/>{{small|{{lang icon|Minang|Minang}} Masyarakaiknyo mamiliki ampek pangatahuan nan taparinci soal adat, agamo, ilimu pangatauan, jo teknologi}} | lambang = Lambang Kabupaten Dharmasraya.png | peta = [[Berkas:Lokasi Sumatera Barat Kabupaten Dharmasraya.svg|300px]] | koordinat = 0°47'7" LS – 1°41'56" LS <br/>101°9'21" BT – 101°54'27" BT | dasar hukum = UU Nomor 38 Tahun 2003<ref name="UU">{{cite web|url=https://otda.kemendagri.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Pembentukan-Daerah-Daerah-Otonom-di-Indonesia-s.d-Tahun-2014-2.pdf|title=Pembentukan Daerah-Daerah Otonom di Indonesia s/d Tahun 2014|website=www.otda.kemendagri.go.id|accessdate=6 Desember 2021|archive-date=12 Juli 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712121648/http://otda.kemendagri.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Pembentukan-Daerah-Daerah-Otonom-di-Indonesia-s.d-Tahun-2014-2.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> | tanggal = 18 Desember 2003<ref name="UU"/> | kepala daerah = [[Bupati]] | nama kepala daerah = [[Annisa Suci Ramadhani]] | wakil kepala daerah = Wakil Bupati | nama wakil kepala daerah = [[Leli Arni]] | dau = Rp 535.658.048.000,- ([[2020]]) | dauref = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.djpk.kemenkeu.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/2.-DAU.pdf|title=Rincian Alokasi Dana Alokasi Umum Provinsi/Kabupaten Kota Dalam APBN T.A 2020|website=www.djpk.kemenkeu.go.id|date=(2020)|accessdate=17 April 2021}}{{Dead link|date=January 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | nomor_polisi = '''BA xxxx''' V** | IPM = {{increase}} 71,76 ([[2021]])<br>{{fontcolor|green|tinggi}}<ref name="IPM">{{cite web|url=https://www.bps.go.id/indicator/26/413/1/-metode-baru-indeks-pembangunan-manusia-menurut-provinsi.html|title=Indeks Pembangunan Manusia 2020-2021|website=www.bps.go.id|accessdate=6 Desember 2021}}</ref> | web = {{url|http://www.dharmasrayakab.go.id/}} }}'''Kabupaten Dharmasraya''' adolah ciek dari duo baleh [[kabupaten]] nan barado di Provinsi [[Sumatera Barat]], [[Indonesia]], nan wilayahnyo babateh juo jo Provinsi [[Riau]] jo [[Jambi]].<ref name=":0">{{cite news | title = Dekat dengan Riau dan Jambi, Inilah Sejarah Kabupaten Dharmasraya | url = https://www.gosumbar.com/berita/baca/2016/05/09/dekat-dengan-riau-dan-jambi-inilah-sejarah-kabupaten-dharmasraya/ | editor = Calva | date = 9 Mai 2016 | accessdate = 19 Juli 2018 | publisher = GoSumbar.com | others = Copyright © 2015 - 2018. All rights reserved. | archive-date = 2016-05-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160522070939/http://www.gosumbar.com/berita/baca/2016/05/09/dekat-dengan-riau-dan-jambi-inilah-sejarah-kabupaten-dharmasraya | dead-url = yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=PFVhCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA8&dq=kabupaten+dharmasraya&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjw77CY07fcAhXFbn0KHSWKCHoQuwUIODAD#v=onepage&q=kabupaten%20dharmasraya&f=false|title=Atlas Lengkap Indonesia & Dunia|last=Mahyuzar|first=|publisher=Bmedia|year=2015|isbn=9789797576349|location=Jakarta|pages=8}}</ref> Kabupaten ko dibantuak dek Undang-undang no. 38 Taun 2003, di ma sabalunnyo wilayah iko adolah bagian dari kabupaten [[Kabupaten Sijunjung|Sawahlunto-Sijunjung]].<ref name=":0" /> Ibu kota kabupaten ko adolah [[Pulau Punjung, Dharmasraya|Pulau Punjung]].<ref name=":3" /> == Sijarah == Namo ''Dharmasraya'' patamo kali tasabuik pado [[batu basurek Padang Roco]] (1347 M), nan pado maso tu marupoan pusek Karajaan [[Malayupura]], nan dipimpin dek rajo-rajo dari [[wangsa Mauliwarmadewa]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=8D1xAAAAMAAJ&q=dharmasraya+slamet+muljana&dq=dharmasraya+slamet+muljana&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwij46qU1LfcAhVPf30KHc4gBAMQ6AEINDAC|title=Kuntala, Sriwijaya dan Suwarnabhumi|last=Muljana|first=Slamet|publisher=Yayasan Idayu|year=1981|isbn=|location=|pages=308}}</ref> Batu basurek ko tapahek pado aleh (lapik) patuang Amoghapāśa Lokeśvara, nan dibao dari [[Jawa]] dek ampek pajabaik [[Karajaan Singhasari]] ateh parentah Maharajo [[Kertanagara|Sri Kertanagara]].<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=NihIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA276&dq=penemuan+prasasti+padang+roco&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj8h-3R3bfcAhUSfSsKHdJTAdwQuwUIKzAA#v=onepage&q=penemuan%20prasasti%20padang%20roco&f=false|title=Asia Tenggara Masa Hindu-Buddha|last=Coedes|first=George|publisher=Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia|year=2010|isbn=9789799102874|location=Jakarta|pages=276}}</ref> Tigo situs kompleks biaro paninggalan karajaan lamo tu, iyolah situs Padang Roco, situs Pulau Sawah jo situs Bukik Awang Maombiak, talatak di Nagari Siguntua di kecamatan Sitiung.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/01/04/the-hidden-glory-dharmasraya-kingdom.html|title=The hidden glory of Dharmasraya Kingdom|last=Jb|first=Syofiardi Bachyul|date=4 Januari 2014|website=http://www.thejakartapost.com|publisher=The Jakarta Post|access-date=25 Juli 2018}}</ref> Pado maso satalah masuaknyo agamo [[Islam]] di Minangkabau, di wilayah ko badiri [[Karajaan Siguntua]], nan para panguasonyo bagala [[Sutan]] atau [[Sultan]].<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=Zj9SAQAAMAAJ&q=Sultan+Hendri+Dharmasraya&dq=Sultan+Hendri+Dharmasraya&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi1wNDbzbncAhXGs48KHXmyAmIQ6AEIKDAA|title=Dari Pagaruyung sampai Semenanjung: refleksi sejarah Minangkabau|last=UPTD Museum "Aditiyawarman"|first=|publisher=Pemerintah Propinsi Sumatera Barat, Dinas Pariwisata, Seni, dan Budaya|year=2008|isbn=|location=|pages=27}}</ref> Paninggalan sijarah karajaan Islam ko antaro lain barupo naskah, musajik kuno, rumah gadang, sarato cap mohor (stempel) karajaan nan batulis jo uruf Arab.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.republika.co.id/berita/dunia-islam/islam-nusantara/16/06/29/o9jc2o313-sejarawan-teliti-perkembangan-islam-di-kabupaten-dharmasraya|title=Sejarawan Teliti Perkembangan Islam di Kabupaten Dharmasraya|last=Sasongko|first=Agung|date=29 Juni 2016|website=www.republika.co.id|publisher=Copyright © 2018 Republika Online|access-date=25 Juli 2017}}</ref> [[Berkas:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Negri-huis te Si Lago Padangse Bovenlanden Sumatra`s Westkust TMnr 60002707.jpg|jmpl|300x300px|Balai Nagari Silago pado taun 1877-1879]] Sabagai kabupaten nan baru, Kabupaten Dharmasraya kudian dirasmikan pado tanggal 7 Januari 2004 dek [[Dafta Gubernur Sumatera Barat|Gubernur Sumatera Barat]] ateh namo [[Menteri Dalam Negeri]], dan kagiatan pamarentahan dimulai pado tanggal 10 Januari 2004 dek Pjs Bupati Dharmasraya.<ref name=":0" /> Pado tanggal 12 Agustus 2005, tapiliahlah Bupati jo Wakil Bupati Kabupanten Dharmasraya malalui [[pilkada]] lansuang.<ref name=":0" /> == Pamarentahan == === Bupati === {{utamo|Daftar Bupati Dharmasraya}} {{:Daftar Bupati Dharmasraya}} === Dewan Perwakilan === {{utamo|Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya}} {{:Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kabupaten Dharmasraya}} === Kecamatan === Kabupaten Dharmasraya tadiri dari 11 [[kecamatan]], nan malingkupi 52 [[nagari]] jo 260 [[jorong]].<ref>[https://dharmasrayakab.bps.go.id/statictable/2017/05/09/14/jumlah-nagari-dan-jorong-menurut-kecamatan-di-kabupaten-dharmasraya-2017.html Jumlah Nagari dan Jorong di Kabupaten Dharmasraya, (2016)]{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, BPS Kabupaten Dharmasraya. Diakses 26 Juli 2018.</ref> Parincian laweh wilayah jo ibu kota satiok kecamatan tu sbb.:<ref name=":3">[https://dharmasrayakab.bps.go.id/statictable/2017/05/17/15/nama-ibukota-kecamatan-di-kabupaten-dharmasraya-2017.html Ibukota Kecamatan di Kabupaten Dharmasraya, (2016)]{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, BPS Kabupaten Dharmasraya. Diakses 26 Juli 2018.</ref><ref>[https://dharmasrayakab.bps.go.id/dynamictable/2017/05/08/8/luas-wilayah-menurut-kecamatan-di-kabupaten-dharmasraya.html Luas Wilayah Menurut Kecamatan di Kabupaten Dharmasraya]{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (2016), BPS Kabupaten Dharmasraya. Diakses 26 Juli 2018.</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- ! No !! Namo kecamatan !! Ibu kota kecamatan !! Laweh wilayah |- | 1 || [[Asam Jujuhan, Dharmasraya|Kecamatan Asam Jujuhan]] || Sungai Limau || 485,41&nbsp;km² |- | 2 || [[IX Koto, Dharmasraya|Kecamatan IX Koto]] || Silago || 500,50&nbsp;km² |- | 3 || [[Koto Baru, Dharmasraya|Kecamatan Koto Baru]] || Koto Baru || 221,20&nbsp;km² |- | 4 || [[Koto Besar, Dharmasraya|Kecamatan Koto Besar]] || Koto Besar || 560,57&nbsp;km² |- | 5 || [[Koto Salak, Dharmasraya|Kecamatan Koto Salak]] || Koto Salak || 121,45&nbsp;km² |- | 6 || [[Padang Laweh, Dharmasraya|Kecamatan Padang Laweh]] || Padang Laweh || 60,62&nbsp;km² |- | 7 || [[Pulau Punjung, Dharmasraya|Kecamatan Pulau Punjung]] || Sungai Dareh || 443,16&nbsp;km² |- | 8 || [[Sitiung, Dharmasraya|Kecamatan Sitiung]] || Sitiung || 124,57&nbsp;km² |- | 9 || [[Sungai Rumbai, Dharmasraya|Kecamatan Sungai Rumbai]] || Sungai Rumbai || 51,06&nbsp;km² |- | 10 || [[Timpeh, Dharmasraya|Kecamatan Timpeh]] || Tabek || 323,01&nbsp;km² |- | 11 || [[Tiumang, Dharmasraya|Kecamatan Tiumang]] || Tiumang || 134,43&nbsp;km² |} == Geografi == Wilayah Kabupaten Dharmasraya talatak antaro 0°47'7" – 1°41'56" Lintang Selatan jo 101°9'21" – 101°54'27" Bujua Timur.<ref name=":4" /> Di sabalah utara babateh jo [[Kabupaten Sijunjung]] jo [[Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi]] ([[Riau]]), di timur jo [[Kabupaten Tebo]] jo [[Kabupaten Bungo]] (kaduonyo [[Jambi]]), di selatan jo Kabupaten Bungo jo [[Kabupaten Kerinci]] (kaduonyo Jambi), sarato di barat jo [[Kabupaten Solok]] jo [[Kabupaten Solok Selatan]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://dharmasrayakab.go.id/profil/6/geografis.html|title=Geografis: Iklim dan wilayah Kabupaten Dharmasraya|last=|first=|date=27 May 2017|website=www.dharmasrayakab.go.id|publisher=Dinas Kominfo, Pemerintah Kabupaten Dharmasraya|access-date=27 Juli 2018|archive-date=26 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200726132222/http://dharmasrayakab.go.id/profil/6/geografis.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> {{Geographic location |Centre = Kabupaten Dharmasraya |North = [[Kabupaten Sijunjung]] |Northeast = |East = Provinsi [[Riau]] |Southeast = |South = Provinsi [[Jambi]] |Southwest = |West = [[Kabupaten Solok]] jo [[Kabupaten Solok Selatan]] |Northwest = }} == Panduduak == Jumalah panduduak Kabupaten Dharmasraya badasa sensus taun 2016 adolah sabanyak 229.313 jiwa, di ma nan 118.801 jiwa adolah lalaki jo nan 110.512 jiwa adolah padusi.<ref name="BPSJumlahPddk2016">[https://dharmasrayakab.bps.go.id/linkTableDinamis/view/id/38 Jumlah Penduduk Menurut Jenis Kelamin dan Kecamatan di Kabupaten Dharmasraya, (2016)]{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, BPS Kabupaten Dharmasraya. Diakses 27 Juli 2018.</ref> Samantaro jumalah angkatan karajo kabupeten ko manuruik sensus taun 2015 adolah sabanyak 102.861 jiwa.<ref>[https://dharmasrayakab.bps.go.id/dynamictable/2017/05/18/54/jumlah-angkatan-kerja-di-kabupaten-dharmasraya-2015.html Jumlah Angkatan Kerja di Kabupaten Dharmasraya, (2015)]{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, BPS Kabupaten Dharmasraya. Diakses 27 Juli 2018.</ref> Manuruik sensus taun 2003, kabupaten ko diunyi dek panduduak dari baragam suku bangsa, yaitu:<ref name=":4" /> * [[Urang Minang|Minang]] 62,93%, * [[Urang Jawa|Jawa]] 32,96%, * [[Sunda]] 1,49%, * [[Urang Batak|Batak]] 0,88%, * [[Malayu]] 0,71% jo * Suku banso lainnyo 1,03%. Baragamnyo suku banso nan ado di kabupaten ko dipangaruahi dek antaro taun 1977-2002 Kabupaten Dharmasraya marupkoan salah satu daerah tujuan transmigrasi dari Jawa. Di antaro kalompok transmigrasi dari Jawa adolah nan barasa dari Wonogiri nan tapaso pindah dek karano dibangunnyo [[Waduk Gajah Mungkur]] di sinan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://harianhaluan.com/mobile/detailberita/51849/sungai-batanghari-kekayaan-alam-nan-terabaikan|title=Sungai Batanghari, Kekayaan Alam nan Terabaikan|last=Maryadi|first=|date=15 April 2016|website=www.harianhaluan.com|publisher=Harian Haluan|access-date=27 Juli 2018|archive-date=2 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802065828/https://www.harianhaluan.com/mobile/detailberita/51849/sungai-batanghari-kekayaan-alam-nan-terabaikan|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == Caliak pulo == * [[Tampek wisata di Kabupaten Dharmasraya]] == Rujuakan == {{reflist|2}} == Pautan lua == * [http://www.dharmasrayakab.go.id/ Situs web resmi Kabupaten Dharmasraya] {{Kabupaten Dharmasraya}} {{Sumatra Barat}} [[Kategori:Kabupaten di Indonesia|Dharmasraya]] [[Kategori:Kabupaten di Sumatera Barat|Dharmasraya]] [[Kategori:Kabupaten Dharmasraya]] 1dsnedpgt1q50nt76hhzuy6zysc90ja Balairung Sari Tabek 0 319023 3351891 3152236 2026-08-13T20:55:28Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3351891 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Berkas:Balairung Tabek Sari - Sumatera Barat.jpg|jmpl|Balairung Sari Tabek]] '''Balairung Sari Tabek''' adolah ciek dari banyak [[Balerong|balairung]] nan ado di [[Sumatera Barat|Sumatra Barat]]. Balairung Sari Tabek talatak di Jorong Tabek, [[Nagari Tabek]], Kecamatan [[Pariangan, Pariangan, Tanah Datar|Pariangan]], [[Kabupaten Tanah Datar]]. Bangunan iko sajak periode Islam kiro-kiro abaik ke-17/18 Masehi. Balairung Sari Tabek alah masuak dalam daftar inventaris cagar budayo di BPCB [[Sumatera Barat]] (wilayah kerja Sumatera Barat, [[Riau]] dan [[Kapulauan Riau|Kepri]]) jo nomor 13/BCB-TB/A/12/2007.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpcbsumbar/594/|title=Balairung Sari Tabek Balai Adat nan Kian Bersinar|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=|archive-date=2022-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712192910/https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpcbsumbar/594/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Balairung Sari Tabek dipagunoan untuak tampek malangsuangkan rapek tantang suatu perkaro<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boyyendratamin.com/2011/04/balairung-sari-nagari-tabek-di.html|title=Balairung Sari Di Nagari Tabek di Kecamatan Pariangan|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=|archive-date=2023-02-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202012701/https://www.boyyendratamin.com/2011/04/balairung-sari-nagari-tabek-di.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == Arsitektur == Balairung Sari Tabek punyo atok nan indak punyo dindiang atau jendela. Bangunan iko talatak dari utara ka selatan. Panjang balairung adolah 48,24 meter dan lebar 3,40 meter. Balairung Sari tabuek dari kayu dan atoknyo tebuek dari bahan ijuak. Bangunan Balairung ditopang jo tiang kayu sebanyak 36 buah setinggi 3 meter. Tinggi panggung (lantai) Balairung adolah 1 meter.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jelajahsumbar.com/balairung-sari-tabek/|title=Balairung Sari Tabek, Wujud Harmoni Budaya Bermusyawarah Masyarakat Minangkabau|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=|archive-date=2022-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001025525/https://www.jelajahsumbar.com/balairung-sari-tabek/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == Referensi == {{Reflist}} [[Kategori:Kabupaten Tanah Datar]] 0kn1qtnlka3ttyrzt4lovbyrzmq38hk Nadiem Makarim 0 325250 3351896 3344967 2026-08-14T07:26:49Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3351896 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |name = Nadiem Anwar Makarim |image = |imagesize = |alt = |caption = |birth_name = |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1984|7|4}} |birth_place = {{negara|Singapore}} [[Singapura]] |death_date = <!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (tanggal meninggal diikuti tanggal lahir) --> |death_place = |nationality = {{negara|Indonesia}} [[Indonesia]] |other_names = |alma_mater = [[Harvard Business School]], [[Amerika Serikat]]<br/>[[Brown University]], [[Amerika Serikat]] |occupation = [[Pangusaho]] |known_for = Panaruko [[GO-JEK|Go-Jek]] |religion = [[Islam]] |spouse = |children = |family = [[Anwar Makarim]] jo [[Hamid Algadri]] (datuak)<br/>[[Zacky Anwar Makarim]] (pak etek) |parents = [[Nono Anwar Makarim]] (ayah) dan Atika Algadri (mandeh) }} '''Nadiem Anwar Makarim, B.A., M.B.A.'''<ref>[https://www.suara.com/lifestyle/2019/10/23/125654/jadi-mendikbud-intip-pendidikan-tinggi-nadiem-makarim-dan-karakternya-yuk?page=all Pendidikan Nadiem Makarim]</ref> ({{lahirmati|[[Singapura]]|4|7|1984}})<ref>[http://swa.co.id/entrepreneur/go-jek-perusahaan-aplikasi-yang-bermisi-sosial Artikel:"Nadiem Makarim, Juragan Ojek Profesional" di www.swa.co.id]</ref> adolah surang pangusaho [[Indonesia]] nan kini manjabaik sabagai [[Daftar Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Indonesia|Menteri Pandidikan jo Kabudayaan Indonesia]] pado [[Kabinet Indonesia Maju]] pamarintahan Presiden Joko Widodo-K.H Mar'uf Amin, nan balewa gala pado [[23 Oktober]] [[2019]]. Baliau marupokan panaruko [[GO-JEK|Go-Jek]], sabuah parusahaan [[transportasi]] jo panyadio jasa babasis [[daring]] nan baoperasi di Indonesia jo sajumlah nagara Asia Tenggara saarupo [[Singapura]], [[Vietnam]] jo [[Thailand]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.qontak.com/contacts/9150-nadiem-makarim|title=Sumber Database Terdepan di Asia yang Akurat dengan Profil Lengkap - Qontak.com|last=Qontak.com|website=Qontak.com|language=id|access-date=2017-02-18|archive-date=2017-02-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170219021817/https://www.qontak.com/contacts/9150-nadiem-makarim|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == Lata balakang == Nadiem Anwar Makarim adolah putra dari pasangan [[Nono Anwar Makarim]] jo Atika Algadri. Ayahnyo adolah surang aktivis jo pangacara tanamo nan bakaturunan [[Minangkabau|Minang]]-[[Urang Arab Indonesia|Arab]]. Sadangkan mandehnyo marupokan panulih lapeh, puti dari [[Hamid Algadri]], salah surang panaruko [[:id:Proklamasi_Kemerdekaan_Indonesia|kamardekaan Indonesia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.library.ohiou.edu/indopubs/1998/01/26/0051.html|title=In Memoriam: Hamid Algadri Perintis Kemerdekaan|access-date=2019-10-26|archive-date=2017-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211131343/https://www.library.ohiou.edu/indopubs/1998/01/26/0051.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == Pandidikan == Nadiem manjalani proses pandidikan dasa inggo SLTA bapindah-pindah dari Jakarta ka Singapura. Sasudah manyalasaian pandidikan SMA-nyo di Singapura, pado taun 2002 baliau maambiak jurusan Hubungan Internasional di [[Universitas Brown|Brown University]], [[Amerika Serikat]]. Nadiem panah pulo sato patukaran pelajar di [[London School of Economics]]. Sasudah mandapek gala sarjana pado taun 2006, tigo taun kudian liau maambiak pasca-sarjana jo maraiah gala Master of Business Administration di [[Harvard Business School]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://voffice.co.id/jakarta-virtual-office/business-tips/biografi-nadiem-makarim-founder-gojek-salah-satu-unicorn-di-indonesia/ |title=archive copy |access-date=2019-10-08 |archive-date=2022-06-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628131133/https://voffice.co.id/jakarta-virtual-office/business-tips/biografi-nadiem-makarim-founder-gojek-salah-satu-unicorn-di-indonesia/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> == Karier == [[Berkas:Nadiem Makarim.jpg|200px|jmpl|Nadiem Makarim di [[World Economic Forum]]]] Pado taun 2006, Nadiem mamulai kariernyo sabagai konsultan manajemen di [[McKinsey & Company]]. Sasudah tamaik dari pasca-sarjana, baliau turuik manjadi pangusaho jo mandirian Zalora Indonesia. Di parusahaan tasabuik liau manjabaik sabagai ''Managing Editor''. Sasudah kalua dari Zalora, liau kudian manjabaik sabagai ''Chief Innovation Officer'' (CIO) Kartuku, sabalun akhianyo kalua untuak fokus mandirian parusahaan GO-JEK pado taun 2011.<ref>https://www.biografiku.com/biografi-nadiem-makarim-pendiri-go-jek/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191008092500/https://www.biografiku.com/biografi-nadiem-makarim-pendiri-go-jek/ |date=2019-10-08 }} <br /></ref> Kini Go-Jek marupokan parusahaan taruko paliang gadang di Indonesia. Pado bulan Agustus 2016, parusahaan ko mandapek pandanaan sagadang USD 550 juta atau sakitar Rp 7,2 triliun dari konsorsium nan tadiri ateh KKR, Sequoia Capital, Capital Group, Rakuten Ventures, NSI Ventures, Northstar Group, DST Global, Farallon Capital Management, Warburg Pincus, dan Formation Group.<ref>[http://www.bareksa.com/id/text/2016/08/12/masuk-modal-besar-gojek-kini-lebih-bernilai-daripada-garuda-indonesia/13779/analysis Masuk Modal Besar, Go-Jek Kini Lebih Bernilai Daripada Garuda Indonesia]</ref> ==== Gojek (2010-2019) ==== Nadiem mandirian Gojek pado 2010 dan kini Gojek alah manjadi salah satu dari 19 [[decacorn]] di dunia, jo valuasi Gojek mancapai USD 10 miliar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/tosv2.html?vid=&uuid=95abfd70-f182-11e9-80ed-dd2203767a42&url=L25ld3MvYXJ0aWNsZXMvMjAxOS0wNC0wNi9pbmRvbmVzaWEtcy1nby1qZWstam9pbnMtZGVjYWNvcm4tcmFua3Mtd2l0aC0xMGItdmFsdWF0aW9u|title=Bloomberg - Are you a robot?|website=www.bloomberg.com|access-date=2019-10-18}}</ref> Gojek partamo kali tagak sabagai ''call centre'', manawarkan hanyo pangiriman barang jo layanan ''ride-hailing'' jo [[sapeda motor]]. Kini, Gojek alah batransformasi manjadi ''super app'', manyadiokan labiah dari 20 layanan, mulai dari transportasi, pangantaran makanan, kabutuahan sahari-hari, pijat, barasiah-barasiah rumah, logistik inggo jaso pambayaran digital nan tanamo jo GoPay.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://voffice.co.id/jakarta-virtual-office/business-tips/biografi-nadiem-makarim-founder-gojek-salah-satu-unicorn-di-indonesia/|title=Biografi Nadiem Makarim - Founder Gojek salah satu Unicorn di Indonesia|date=2018-11-19|website=vOffice|language=en-US|access-date=2019-10-18|archive-date=2022-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628131133/https://voffice.co.id/jakarta-virtual-office/business-tips/biografi-nadiem-makarim-founder-gojek-salah-satu-unicorn-di-indonesia/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Karier bisnis Nadiem Makarim di Gojek mambaoknyo masuak dalam daftar 150 urang paliang kayo di Indonesia versi Majalah Globe Asia.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20180725113756-4-25246/bos-djarum-sampai-nadiem-makarim-masuk-list-orang-terkaya-ri|title=Bos Djarum Sampai Nadiem Makarim Masuk List Orang Terkaya RI|last=Wirayani|first=Prima|website=news|language=id|access-date=2019-10-21}}</ref> Nadiem Makarim dipakirokan mampunyoi nilai kakayoan mancapai US$100 juta.<ref name=":1" /> ==== Kabinet Indonesia Maju (2019-kini) ==== Pado 22 Oktober 2019, Nadiem maumuman sacaro resmi manyatokan baso dirinyo maundurkan diri sabagai CEO Gojek sasudah pagi arinyo diimbau dek [[Presiden Indonesia|Presiden]] [[Joko Widodo]] ka istano nagara. Pado 23 Oktober 2019, Presiden Joko Widodo maumuman kabinet menterinyo jo Nadiem sabagai Mantari Pandidikan jo Kabudayoan.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Ditawari Jadi Menteri, Nadiem Makarim Mundur dari Gojek|url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/teknologi/20191021113606-185-441448/sambangi-istana-nadiem-makarim-tegaskan-mundur-dari-gojek|newspaper=teknologi|access-date=2019-10-23|language=en}}</ref> == Penghargaan == * Pado taun 2016, Nadiem manarimo penghargaan ''[[The Straits Times]]'' Asian of the Year, dan marupokan urang Indonesia partamo nan manarimo penghargaan tasabuik sajak partamo kali didirikan pado taun 2012. Penghargaan Asian of the Year diaagiah kapado individu atau kalompok nan sacaro signifikan bakontribusi pado paningkekan suki urang di nagaranyo atau Asia pado umumnyo. Babarapo panarimo sabalunnyo tamasuak pandiri [[Singapura]], [[Lee Kuan Yew]], [[Pardano mantari|Pardano Mantari]] India [[Narendra Modi]], Pardano Mantari [[Japang]] [[Abe Shinzo]], [[Presiden]] [[Republik Rakyaik Cino]] [[Xi Jinping]] jo Presiden [[Myanmar]] [[Thein Sein]]. Penghargaan tasabuik datang dek parusahaan bafokus pado paningkekan suki sektor informal. Pado wakatu nan samo, ko dapek mambantu manyadiokan lapangan karajo untuak panduduak Indonesia jo maubah pasa sarato model bisnis tradisional. * Nadiem masuak dalam daftar '''[https://www.bloomberg.com/features/2018-bloomberg-50/ Bloomberg 50] versi 2018'''. Bloomberg manilai indak ado aplikasi lain nan alah maubah iduik di Indonesia sacaro capek jo mandalam cando Gojek. Aplikasi Gojek diluncuakan pado 2015 bafokus pado pamasanan ojek, dan kudian bakambang manjadi aplikasi untuak mambayia tagihan, mamasan makanan, inggo mambarasiahan rumah<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/tosv2.html?vid=&uuid=e472c4c0-f182-11e9-97c7-5f072aa543ae&url=L2ZlYXR1cmVzLzIwMTgtYmxvb21iZXJnLTUwLw==|title=Bloomberg - Are you a robot?|website=www.bloomberg.com|access-date=2019-10-18}}</ref> "The Bloomberg 50" barisi sosok-sosok tanamo dalam bidang bisnis, hiburan, kauangan, politik, ingga ilimu pangatauan jo teknologi. Usaho Nadiem nan kini mangambangkan Gojek ka Filipina, Singapura, Thailand jo Vietnam mambuek Bloomberg manyandiangkan namonyo jo presiden Mexico Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador, panaruko [[Spotify]] Daniel Ek, pop star Taylor Swift dan grup idol Kpop BTS<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pikiran-rakyat.com/nasional/2018/12/10/masuk-daftar-bloomberg-50-begini-jejak-nadiem-makarim-434192|title=Masuk Daftar Bloomberg 50, Begini Jejak Nadiem Makarim|last=digital|first=pikiran rakyat|website=Pikiran Rakyat|language=id|access-date=2019-10-18}}</ref>. * Pado Mei 2019, Nadiem manjadi tokoh termuda se-Asia nan manarimo penghargaan '''[https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Business-deals/Sources-say-Gojek-on-brink-of-buying-Indonesian-POS-startup Nikkei Asia Prize ke-24 untuk Inovasi Ekonomi dan Bisnis].''' Penghargaan diaagiah kapado individu atau organisasi nan bakontribusi untuak pangambangan kawasan Asia dan manciptakan maso kamuko nan labiah baiak untuak masyarakaik Asia. Nadiem manggandakan hadiah nan ditarimo manjadi Rp 860 juta untuak donasi pandidikan anak mitra pangamudi Gojek. Penghargaan ko bakaitan jo kontribusi Gojek dalam mandorong patumbuahan ekonomi, mamudahkan kasaharian pangguno inggo maningkekan pandapatan mitranyo<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://katadata.co.id/berita/2019/05/29/termuda-se-asia-nadiem-raih-penghargaan-inovasi-ekonomi-dan-bisnis|title=Termuda se-Asia, Nadiem Makarim Raih Penghargaan Nikkei Asia Prize - Katadata News|date=2019-05-29|website=katadata.co.id|language=id|access-date=2019-10-18}}</ref>. Gojek berkontribusi 55 Triliun pado parekonomian Indonesia, jo pangasilan rato-rato mitra Go-Ride dan Go-Car naiak 45% jo 42% sasudah bagabuang jo Gojek, dan volume transaksi UMKM Kuliner naiak 3.5 kali lipek samanjak manjadi mitra GoFood.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ldfebui.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/GO-JEK_INFOGRAPHICS_FA_RGB-01.jpg|title=LDUI|last=LDUI|first=LDUI|date=2019|website=Kontribusi Gojek|access-date=18 Oktober 2019|archive-date=2019-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191018082840/http://ldfebui.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/GO-JEK_INFOGRAPHICS_FA_RGB-01.jpg|dead-url=yes}}</ref> * Pado taun 2017, Gojek masuk dalam '''[https://fortune.com/change-the-world/2019/search/ Fortune’s Top 50 Companies That Changed The World]''', dan mendapatkan peringkat 17<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/go-jek-makes-it-into-fortune-s-change-the-world-list-the-only-company-from-southeast-asia-on-the-list-1001993680|title=GO-JEK Makes it Into Fortune's Change The World List, The Only Company from Southeast Asia on the List {{!}} Markets Insider|last=GmbH|first=finanzen net|website=markets.businessinsider.com|access-date=2019-10-18|archive-date=2023-05-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531173527/https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/go-jek-makes-it-into-fortune-s-change-the-world-list-the-only-company-from-southeast-asia-on-the-list-1001993680|dead-url=yes}}</ref>. Pado taun 2019, Gojek baliak manjadi satu-satunyo parusahaan Asia Tenggara nan masuak ka daftar Fortune’s 50, dan naiak ka paringkek 11 dari 52 parusahaan kelas dunia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/adv/2019/08/27/gojek-once-again-in-fortunes-top-20-list-of-companies-changing-the-world.html|title=Gojek once again in Fortune’s top-20 list of companies changing the world|last=Post|first=The Jakarta|website=The Jakarta Post|language=en|access-date=2019-10-18}}</ref> == Organisasi Internasional == Basamo jo [[Melinda Gates]] sarato Mantari Kauangan Republik Indonesia, [[Sri Mulyani]], Nadiem manjabaik sabagai salah satu komisaris [https://pathwayscommission.bsg.ox.ac.uk/people Pathways for Prosperity] for Technology and Inclusive Development nan fokus mambantu nagara-nagara bakambang untuak manyasuaian diri jo baragam inovasi baru dunia digital nan maubah budayo karajo. == Rujuakan == [[Kategori:Tokoh Minangkabau]] to4c9pzjkx6wr7651xo37msey1ca9v8 Desa wisata talang babungo 0 326560 3351892 3142201 2026-08-14T00:16:03Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3351892 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Berkas:Pemandangan Talang Babungo.jpg|jmpl|Desa Talang Babungo]] Talang Babungo adolah sabuah nagari yang talatak di kecamatan [[Hiliran Gumanti, Solok|Hiliran Gumanti]], [[Kabupaten Solok]], [[Sumatera Barat]]. Nagari nan sajuak ko sampai kini masih manjago kaasrian daerahnyo. Masyarakaik di Nagari Babungo tak hanyo manjago kultur yang ado di nagari tu, tapi juo maubah kampuang nan dulunyo kumuah manjadi labiah indah. Kampuang nan dulunyo samak kini lah disulap manjadi kampuang nan dipanuahi oleh taman bungo, di satiok rumah warga sanak akan manamui bungo yang macam-macam rupo tapi jenis bungo yang paliang banyak ditanam warga adolah bungo piladang merah. Nagari yang dikaliliangi dek bukik ko sangaiklah indah dan dipanuahi dek parak-parak warga yang mayoritas batanam tabu dan aren karano sabagaian gadang warga bakarajo sabagai tani. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://batampos.co.id/2018/09/24/meniru-jorong-tabek-nagari-talang-babungo-tidak-dilarang/|title=Meniru Jorong Tabek Nagari Talang Babungo, Tidak Dilarang|last=A|first=Putut|date=2018-09-24|website=batampos.co.id|language=id-ID|access-date=2019-12-08}}{{Dead link|date=August 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Topografi nagari Talang Babungo bagalombang, ado jalan manurun dan ado jalan nan mandaki. Kondisi ko dimanfaatkan dek para pangguno motor trail untuk uji kemampuan. Salain manyulap rueh jalan jo taman bungo, nagari ko juo mambangun puluahan halte bakonsep minang tuo. Pangunjuang nan datang ka Talang Babungo batua-batua diajak marasoan baliak kaindahan alam minang 100 tahun lampau. Babeda jo halte nan ado di kota gadang nan bafungsi sabagai tampek mananti bus atau angkutan umum, halte nan ado di Talang Babungo bafungsi sabagai tampek duduak basamo baiyo-iyo, salapeh karajo. <ref name=":0" /> Nagari Talang Babungo manjadi kampuang nan indan dan nyaman sasudah adonyo kabakaran nan manimpo kampuang tu. Kajadian tu berhasil mambuek CST PT Astra Internasional Tbk mancaliak ka kampuang tu dan manolong kampuang Talang Babungo untuak mancinptakan Kampung Berseri Astra (KBA). Malalui program tu warga jo perusahaan bakarajo samo untuak mambangun kampuang nan labiah indah, nyaman dan labiah produktif sahinggo dapek maningkekan kualitas hiduik masyarakaik nan tingga di Talang Babungo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cendananews.com/2018/12/mengenal-daerah-tabek-kampung-terpencil-nan-kini-populer.html|title=Mengenal Daerah Tabek, Kampung Terpencil Nan Kini Populer|date=2018-12-26|website=Cendana News|language=id-ID|access-date=2019-12-08|archive-date=2019-12-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191208172817/https://www.cendananews.com/2018/12/mengenal-daerah-tabek-kampung-terpencil-nan-kini-populer.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Nagara Talang Babungo diharokan bisa manjadi salah ciek ikon wisata yang ado di Solok, dan dapek mamajukan perekonomian masyarakaiknyo. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sumbar.antaranews.com/berita/236729/nagari-talang-babungo-jadi-kampung-berseri-astra-di-solok|title=Nagari Talang Babungo jadi Kampung Berseri Astra di Solok|last=Nusantara|last2=Nasional|website=Antara News Sumbar|access-date=2019-12-08|last3=Polhukam|last4=Olahraga|last5=Bisnis|first5=Ekonomi|last6=Otomotif|last7=Ragam|last8=Pendidikan|last9=Sosial}}</ref> Nagari Talang Babungo mampunyoi kalabiahan dari sagi lokasi, daerah ko talatak di kawasan Bukik Barisan nan manyuguahan panorama bukik-bukik nan asri, kampuang ko barado di katinggian 1.141 mdpl, dan dihuni oleh kurang labiah 2.000 warga. Di jorong nan banamo Tabek, dibantuak pambagian zona-zona untuak mampamudah program kampuang asri. Di satiok zona tadapek gapura sabagai panando dan halte nan bafungsi sabagai tampek pasinggahan. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.harianhaluan.com/news/detail/72452/membagi-zona-nyaman-di-jorong-tabek|title=Membagi Zona Nyaman di Jorong Tabek |website=www.harianhaluan.com|access-date=2019-12-08}}</ref> brtiemw61xf2esrsain93sqcjh8ibv8 Daftar Bupati Dharmasraya 0 386799 3351889 3345919 2026-08-13T13:02:00Z Adhmi 7359 3351889 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Jabatan Politik |jabatan = Bupati |lembaga = Dharmasraya |insignia = Lambang Kabupaten Dharmasraya.png |ukuraninsignia = 60px |keteranganinsignia = |departemen = |namaasli = |image = Bupati Dharmasraya Annisa Suci Ramadhani.jpg |imagesize = 180px |alt = center |incumbent = [[Annisa Suci Ramadhani]] |incumbentsince = 20 Februari 2025 |gelar = |kediaman = |tempo = 5 tahun (definitif) |dibentuk = 2004 |pertama = [[Marlon Martua]] |website = [http://dharmasrayakab.go.id/ Pemkab Dharmasraya] }} Barikuik iko adolah '''daftar Bupati [[Kabupaten Dharmasraya|Dharmasraya]]''' samanjak pamarintahan resmi bajalan pado [[10 Januari]] [[2004]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dharmasrayakab.go.id/profil/2/sejarah.html|title=SEJARAH KABUPATEN DHARMASRAYA|website=dharmasrayakab.go.id|publisher=Pemerintah Kabupaten Dharmasraya|date=27-05-2017|access-date=2019-07-20|archive-date=2019-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719195926/http://dharmasrayakab.go.id/profil/2/sejarah.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> <onlyinclude> {| class="wikitable" |- ! No ! colspan=3|Bupati ! Mulai Manjabaik ! Salasai Manjabaik ! Pariode ! Ket. ! colspan=3|Wakia Bupati |- |<center>* |bgcolor=#FFFFFF| |<center> |<center>[[Ahmad Munawar]] |<center>10 Januari 2004 |<center>14 Mei 2004 |<center>* |<center> * Penjabat Bupati<ref>{{cite web|url=https://patronnews.co.id/2019/01/ahmad-munawar-bagian-dari-sejarah-dharmasraya/|title=Ahmad Munawar Bagian dari Sejarah Dharmasraya|author=|publisher=PATRONNEWS|website=patronnews.co.id|date=06-01-2019|access-date=20-07-2019}}{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=Maret 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.covesia.com/archipelago/baca/45608/jelang-hut-ke-14-dharmasraya-pemkab-anjangsana-ke-makam-ahmad-munawar|title=Jelang HUT Ke 14 Dharmasraya, Pemkab Anjangsana ke Makam Ahmad Munawar|author=Roni Budiarta|publisher=ARCHIPELAGO|website=covesia.com|date=06-01-2019|access-date=20-07-2019|archive-date=2020-06-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617090716/https://www.covesia.com/archipelago/baca/45608/jelang-hut-ke-14-dharmasraya-pemkab-anjangsana-ke-makam-ahmad-munawar|dead-url=yes}}</ref> * Meninggal dunia saat menjabat |colspan=3|<center>''lowong'' |- |<center>* |bgcolor=#FFFFFF| |<center> |<center>[[Asrul Syukur]] |<center>14 Mei 2004 |<center>12 Agustus 2005 |<center>* |<center> * Penjabat Bupati<ref>{{cite web|url=http://perpustakaan.bappenas.go.id/lontar/file?file=digital/blob/F12966/Daerah%20Transmigran%20yang%20Tumbuh%20dan%20Potensial.htm|title=Daerah Transmigran yang Tumbuh dan Potensial|date=08-07-2004|website=perpustakaan.bappenas.go.id|publisher=BAPPENAS RI|access-date=20-07-2019|archive-date=2020-06-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621052438/http://perpustakaan.bappenas.go.id/lontar/file?file=digital%2Fblob%2FF12966%2FDaerah%20Transmigran%20yang%20Tumbuh%20dan%20Potensial.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |colspan=3|<center>''lowong'' |- |<center>1 | |<center>[[Berkas:Bupati Dharmasraya Marlon Martua.jpg|80px]] |<center>[[Marlon Martua]]<ref>https://books.google.co.id/books?id=_BRPAQAAMAAJ&q=marlon+martua+situmeang&dq=marlon+martua+situmeang&hl=id&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiAv9b-3a3yAhUTVysKHcjhAOYQ6AF6BAgCEAM</ref> |<center>12 Agustus 2005 |<center>12 Agustus 2010 |<center>1 |<center> * Bupati definitif pertama<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dharmasrayakab.go.id/berita/222/paripurna-hut-dharmasraya-ke-14-khidmad-dan-sukses.html|title=Paripurna HUT Dharmasraya ke 14 Khidmad dan Sukses - Pemerintah Kabupaten Dharmasraya|website=Pemerintah Kabupaten Dharmasraya Adat Basandi Syarak, Syarak Basandi Kitabullah|access-date=2019-07-19|archive-date=2019-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719195843/http://dharmasrayakab.go.id/berita/222/paripurna-hut-dharmasraya-ke-14-khidmad-dan-sukses.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> * Pemenang [[Pemilihan umum Bupati Dharmasraya 2005|Pilbup Dharmasraya 2005]] |bgcolor=#FF0000| |<center>[[Berkas:Wakil Bupati Dharmasraya Tugimin.jpg|80px]] |<center>[[Tugimin]] |- |<center>2 |bgcolor=#FFFF00|<center> |<center>[[Berkas:Bupati Dharmasraya Adi Gunawan.jpg|80px]] |<center>[[Adi Gunawan]] |<center>12 Agustus 2010 |<center>12 Agustus 2015 |<center>2 |<center> * Pemenang [[Pemilihan umum Bupati Dharmasraya 2010|Pilbup Dharmasraya 2010]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://prosaturripadang.wordpress.com/2010/08/13/pelantikan-bupati-dan-wakil-bupati-dharmasraya/|title=PELANTIKAN BUPATI DAN WAKIL BUPATI DHARMASRAYA|date=2010-08-13|website=Pro 1 RRI PADANG|language=id-ID|access-date=2019-07-19}}</ref> | |<center>[[Berkas:Wakil Bupati Dharmasraya Syafruddin R.jpg|80px]] |<center>[[Syafruddin R.]] |- |<center>* |bgcolor=#FFFFFF| |<center>[[Berkas:Syafrizal Ucok.jpg|80px]] |<center>[[Syafrizal Ucok]] |<center>12 Agustus 2015 |<center>17 Februari 2016 |<center>* |<center> * Penjabat Bupati<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.valora.co.id/berita/1266/syafrizal-dikukuhkan-jadi-pj-bupati-dharmasraya.html|title=Syafrizal Dikukuhkan jadi Pj Bupati Dharmasraya|date=12-08-2015|website=valora.co.id|publisher=VALORA|author=Al Mangindo Kayo|access-date=20-07-2019|archive-date=2020-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608014354/https://www.valora.co.id/berita/1266/syafrizal-dikukuhkan-jadi-pj-bupati-dharmasraya.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |colspan=3|<center>''lowong'' |- |<center>3 |bgcolor=#FF0000|<center> |<center>[[Berkas:Sutan Riska Tuanku Kerajaan.jpg|80px]] |<center>[[Sutan Riska Tuanku Kerajaan]] |<center>17 Februari 2016 |<center>17 Februari 2021 |<center>3 |<center> * Pemenang [[Pemilihan umum Bupati Dharmasraya 2015|Pilbup Dharmasraya 2015]]<ref>{{citeweb|url=https://pilkada2015.kpu.go.id/dharmasrayakab/|title=Pilkada Kabupaten Dharmasraya|access-date=20-07-2019|publiher=KPU RI|website=pilkada2015.kpu.go.id|archive-date=2016-01-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160120121402/https://pilkada2015.kpu.go.id/dharmasrayakab|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |bgcolor=#ED9A11|<center> |<center>[[Berkas:Wakil Bupati Dharmasraya Amrizal Datuak Rajo Medan.jpg|80px]] |<center>[[Amrizal Datuak Rajo Medan]] |- |<center>* |bgcolor=#FFFFFF| |<center> |<center>[[Adlisman]] |<center>17 Februari 2021 |<center>26 Februari 2021 |<center>* |<center> * Pelaksana Harian Bupati<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lubis|first=Adiansyah|date=17 Februari 2021|title=Jabatan Bupati Dharmasraya Berakhir, Sekda Ditunjuk sebagai Plh|url=https://padek.jawapos.com/sumbar/dharmasraya/17/02/2021/jabatan-bupati-dharmasraya-berakhir-sekda-ditunjuk-sebagai-plh/|website=[[Padang Ekspres|Padek.co]]|language=id|access-date=17 Februari 2021|archive-date=2022-08-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813025706/https://padek.jawapos.com/sumbar/dharmasraya/17/02/2021/jabatan-bupati-dharmasraya-berakhir-sekda-ditunjuk-sebagai-plh/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |colspan=3|<center>''lowong'' |- |<center>(3) |bgcolor=#FF0000|<center> |<center>[[Berkas:SutanRiskaTuankuKerajaanSE.jpg|80px]] |<center>[[Sutan Riska Tuanku Kerajaan]] |<center>26 Februari 2021 |<center>''Petahana'' |<center>4 |<center> * Pemenang [[Pemilihan umum Bupati Dharmasraya 2020|Pilbup Dharmasraya 2020]]<ref>{{citeweb|url=https://pilkada2020.kpu.go.id/#/pkwkk/tungsura/1310|title=Pilkada Kabupaten Dharmasraya|access-date=26-02-2021|publiher=KPU RI|website=pilkada2020.kpu.go.id|archive-date=2020-12-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201209012746/https://pilkada2020.kpu.go.id/#/pkwkk/tungsura/1310|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |<center> |<center>[[Berkas:Dasril Panin Datuk Labuan 2021.jpg|80px]] |<center>[[Dasril Panin Datuk Labuan]] |- |<center>4 |bgcolor=#FF0000|<center> |<center>[[Berkas: Bupati Dharmasraya Annisa Suci Ramadhani.jpg|80px]] |<center>[[Annisa Suci Ramadhani]] |<center>20 Februari 2025 |<center>''Petahana'' |<center>5 |<center> * Pemenang [[Pemilihan umum Bupati Dharmasraya 2024|Pilbup Dharmasraya 2024]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sumbar.antaranews.com/berita/651826/kpu-dharmasraya-tetapkan-paslon-terpilih-hasil-pilkada|title=KPU Dharmasraya tetapkan paslon terpilih hasil Pilkada|first=ANTARA News|last=Agency|date=9 Jan 2025|website=Antara News Sumbar|accessdate=22 Feb 2025}}</ref> |bgcolor=#FF0000|<center> |<center>[[Berkas:Wakil Bupati Dharmasraya Leli Arni.jpg|80px]] |<center>[[Leli Arni]] |- |} </onlyinclude> == Caliak Pulo == * [[Daftar Wakil Bupati Dharmasraya]] * [[Kabupaten Dharmasraya]] == Rujuakan == {{reflist}} {{Kabupaten di Indonesia|title=Daftar Bupati di Indonesia|prefix=Daftar Bupati|kabupaten=}} {{Kabupaten Dharmasraya}} {{politik-indo-stub}} [[Kategori:Daftar bupati|Dharmasraya]] [[Kategori:Bupati Dharmasraya| ]] [[Kategori:Kabupaten Dharmasraya]] [[Kategori:Politik di Sumatra Barat]] [[Kategori:WikiSumatra]] tp54muofjt8az5qjf3kg9hx2ykzugqg Daftar Wakil Bupati Dharmasraya 0 387684 3351890 2497214 2026-08-13T13:06:44Z Adhmi 7359 3351890 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Jabatan Politik|Lambang Kabupaten Dharmasraya|jabatan=Wakia Bupati|lembaga=Dharmasraya|insignia=Lambang Kabupaten Dharmasraya.png|ukuraninsignia=75px|keteranganinsignia=|departemen=|namaasli=|image=|imagesize=|alt=|incumbent=''Lowong''|incumbentsince=13 Februari 2022|gelar=|kediaman=|tempo=5 tahun|dibentuk=12 Agustus 2005|pertama=[[Tugimin|Ir. Tugimin]]|website={{URL|https://dharmasrayakab.go.id/}}}}Barikuik iko adolah daftar '''Wakil Bupati [[Kabupaten Dharmasraya|Dharmasraya]]''' dari maso ke maso;<onlyinclude> {| class="wikitable" !No ! colspan="3" |Wakia Bupati !Mulai Jabatan !Akhia Jabatan !Prd. !Ket. !Bupati |- |<center>1</center> |[[Berkas:Wakil_Bupati_Dharmasraya_Tugimin.jpg|158x158px]] | bgcolor="#CD0000" | |<small>[[Insinyur|Ir.]]</small>[[Tugimin]] |<center>12 Agustus 2005</center> |<center>12 Agustus 2010</center> |<center>1</center> |&nbsp; |<center>[[Marlon Martua]]<small>[[Sarjana Ekonomi|S.E.]]</small></center> |- |<center>2</center> |[[Berkas:Wakil_Bupati_Dharmasraya_Syafruddin_R.jpg|182x182px]] | |<small>[[Doktorandus|Drs.]] [[Haji|H.]]</small>Syafruddin R. |<center>12 Agustus 2010</center> |<center>12 Agustus 2015</center> |<center>2</center> |&nbsp; |<center><small>[[Insinyur|Ir.]] [[Haji|H.]]</small>[[Adi Gunawan]]<small>[[Magister Manajemen|M.M.]]</small></center> |- | colspan="4" |<center>''Jabatan kosong''</center> |<center>12 Agustus 2015</center> |<center>17 Februari 2016</center> |<center>-</center> |&nbsp; |<center><small>[[Doktorandus|Drs.]] [[Haji|H.]]</small>[[Syafrizal Ucok|Syafrizal]]<small>[[Magister Manajemen|M.M.]]</small><small>(Penjabat)</small></center> |- |<center>3</center> |[[Berkas:Wakil_Bupati_Dharmasraya_Amrizal_Datuak_Rajo_Medan.jpg|148x148px]] | |<small>[[Haji|H.]]</small>Amrizal Dt. Rajo Medan <small>[[Sarjana|S.Sos.]]</small> |<center>17 Februari 2016</center> |<center>26 September 2020</center> | rowspan="3" |<center>3</center> |<center>{{refn|Bupati petahana cuti kampanye [[Pemilihan umum Bupati Dharmasraya 2020|Pilbup Dharmasraya 2020]].|group=Ket.}}</center> |<center>[[Sutan Riska Tuanku Kerajaan]]<small>[[Sarjana Ekonomi|S.E.]]</small></center> |- | colspan="4" |<center>''Jabatan kosong''</center> |<center>26 September 2020</center> |<center>5 Desember 2020</center> |&nbsp; |<center><small>[[Haji|H.]]</small>Amrizal Dt. Rajo Medan <small>[[Sarjana|S.Sos.]]</small> <small>(Pelaksana Tugas)</small></center> |- |<center>(3)</center> |[[Berkas:Wakil_Bupati_Dharmasraya_Amrizal_Datuak_Rajo_Medan.jpg|148x148px]] | |<small>[[Haji|H.]]</small>Amrizal Dt. Rajo Medan <small>[[Sarjana|S.Sos.]]</small> |<center>5 Desember 2020</center> |<center>17 Februari 2021</center> |&nbsp; |<center>[[Sutan Riska Tuanku Kerajaan]]<small>[[Sarjana Ekonomi|S.E.]]</small></center> |- | colspan="4" |<center>''Jabatan kosong''</center> |<center>17 Februari 2021</center> |<center>26 Februari 2021</center> |<center>-</center> |&nbsp; |<center><small>[[Haji|H.]]</small>Adlisman <small>[[Sarjana|S.Sos.]], [[Magister|M.Si.]]</small> <small>(Pelaksana Harian)</small></center> |- |<center>4</center> |[[Berkas:Dasril_Panin_Datuk_Labuan_2021.jpg|161x161px]] | bgcolor="#CD0000" | |<small>[[Doktorandus|Drs.]] [[Haji|H.]]</small>[[Dasril Panin Datuk Labuan]] |<center>26 Februari 2021</center> |<center>13 Februari 2022</center> | rowspan="2" |<center>4</center> |<center>{{refn|Meninggal dunia saat menjabat.|group=Ket.}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://langgam.id/gubernur-mahyeldi-resmi-melantik-11-bupati-wali-kota-di-sumbar/|title=Gubernur Mahyeldi Resmi Melantik 11 Bupati Wali Kota di Sumbar|last=|first=Rahmadi|date=26-02-2021|website=langgam.id|access-date=26-02-2021|editor=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20220213153044-20-758614/wakil-bupati-dharmasraya-dasril-panin-meninggal-dunia|title=Wakil Bupati Dharmasraya Dasril Panin Meninggal Dunia|date=13-02-2022|access-date=29-04-2022|work=[[CNN Indonesia]]|editor=}}</ref></center> | rowspan="2" |<center>[[Sutan Riska Tuanku Kerajaan]]<small>[[Sarjana Ekonomi|S.E.]]</small></center> |- | colspan="4" |<center>''Jabatan kosong''</center> |<center>13 Februari 2022</center> |<center>''Petahana''</center> |&nbsp; |- |colspan=4|<center>''Jabatan kosong'' |<center>13 Februari 2022 |<center>20 Februari 2025 |&nbsp; |- |<center>5 |[[Berkas:Wakil Bupati Dharmasraya Leli Arni.jpg|120px]] |bgcolor=#CD0000| |[[Leli Arni]]<br><small>[[Sarjana Pendidikan|S.Pd.]], [[Magister Sains|M.Si.]]</small> |<center>20 Februari 2025 |<center>'' Petahana'' |<center>5 |<center><ref>{{Cite web|date=21 Februari 2025|title=Annisa - Leliarni Bupati Dan Wakil Bupati Dharmasraya Periode 2025-2030 Dilantik Presiden RI|url=https://minangsatu.com/annisa--leliarni-bupati-dan-wakil-bupati-dharmasraya-periode-20252030-dilantik-presiden-ri_35814|website=minangsatu.com|accessdate=22 Feb 2025}}</ref> |<center>[[Annisa Suci Ramadhani]]<br><small>[[Sarjana Hukum|S.H.]], [[Magister Hukum|LL.M.]]</small> |- |colspan=9| ;Catatan {{reflist|group="Ket."|2}} |} </onlyinclude> <div style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:3; column-count:3; text-align:left; padding:0.2em;"> {{legend|#CD0000|Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan (PDI-P)|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} </div></onlyinclude> == Liek Pulo == * [[Daftar Bupati Dharmasraya]] * [[Kabupaten Dharmasraya]] == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}}{{Kabupaten di Indonesia|title=Daftar Wakil Bupati di Indonesia|prefix=Daftar Wakil Bupati|kabupaten=}}{{Kabupaten Dharmasraya}}{{politik-indo-stub}} lgwbncd7gqy6m357knpnlb6fsx1947i Kategori:Pengalihan yang terhubung ke butir Wikidata 14 478686 3351895 2026-08-14T06:39:41Z PK2 9914 Membuat halaman kosong 3351895 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1